Full text of "History of Merrimack and Belknap counties, New Hampshire"

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HISTORY

Nl^ln

3IEERDIACK^-BELK\AP

COUNTIES.

NEW HAMPSHIRE.

EI-iTEI- BY

D. HAMILTON HURT)

4Si Ccut.

e*l»«3»

CiiiCACO.

PHILADELPHIA:

•T. \V. LEWIS A- CO.

1885

■«^ r r - : T ; ' ,'!T Or A'TTIT*^ '"TTVUKt

COPYRIGUT, 1SS5, BY J. W. LEWIS & CO.

114C34G
PREFACE.

In presenting this work to the public, the publishers claim that they
have at least endeavored to faithfully fulfill their promises. The most
competent persons have been employed for the work, and it is sincerely
hoped that readers in the various towns of the counties will find the nar-
ratives of their special localities interesting and instructive. The work has
been compiled from authenticated and original sources.

The preparation of the "History of Merrimack and Belknap Counties"
upon the within elaboi'ate plan, imposed upon both Editors and Publishers
a task which they have keenly felt. They submit the work to the public,
trusting that their just expectations may be fully realized.

The Publishers.

CONTENTS.

MEERIMACK COUI^TY.

GENEEAL HISTOEY.

OBAPrEtt PAOE

I. ORGANIZATION AND STATISTICAL 1

11. BENCH AND BAR 2

III. STATE-HOUSE 3

IV. THE NEW HAMPSHIRE ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE 47

TOWN HISTOEIES.

CONCORD 67

BOSCAWEN 169

BRADFORD 186

CANTERBDRY 221

CHICHESTER 236

BOW 263

DANBltRT 289

DUNBARTON 291

FRANKLIN 310

ANDOVER 328

HENNIKEE 340

HOOKSETT 361

HOPKINTON 391

PAGE

NEWBURY 416 ^^

NEW LONDON 421 -'"'''

EPSOM 443

LOUDON 477

^NOETHFIELD 610 ""^

HILL 647

PEMBROKE 660— '

PITTSFIELD 687 --'^''

SALISBURY 602

SUTTON 627

WARNER 653

WEBSTER 678

WILMOT 695 ^'^

BELKl^AP COUNTY.

ORGANIZATION OF COUNTY— BENCH AND BAR 701

TOWN HISTORIES.

ALTON

BARNSTEAD . . . .

BELMONT

CENTRE HARBOR.
GILFORD

PAOE

LACONIA 808

MEREDITH 833

NEW HAMPTON 870

SANBORSTON 893

TILTON 876

APPENDIX 9U6

ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE

Abbot, J. Stephen

Fife, Captain William

585

Abbott, William

155

Fowler, Asa

Aiken, Walter

326

Fowler, Winthrop

582

Albin, John H

Fowler, Trueworthy L

582

Alexander, Captain Enoch

287

Fowler, Winthrop, Jr

583

Ames, Lorenzo

., 231

French, D. J

512

Ames, Jason H

212

Gage, Converse

649

Amsden, Charles H

168

Gale, N. B

830

Riiley, Oliver

308

Gallinger, J. H

1611

Baker, Aaron W

286

Gault, Hon. Jesse

389

Barnard, Daniel

George, Paul R

410

Bartlett, Levi

676

Gerrieh, Enoch ...

158

Batchelder Joseph

Oilman James

Bean, Abraham

159

Gillingham, Moody

419

BicMord, H. C

441

Goss, William

470

Bickford, Nathan

476

Gutterson, John

368

Bhinchard, Hiram

215

Hall, Rev. K. S

777

Carter, Solon A

Hall, Dr. A. B

542

Carpenter, Charlea H

2S3

Hart, George ..

216

Childs, Horace

359

Hartwell, H. H

167

Cilley,J.M

418

Haynes, Martin A

779

Clough, Colonel D. M

234

Head, Nathaniel

385

Cogswell, Thomas, Sr

793

Head, William F

a88

Cogswell, Thomas, Jr

Cogswell, P. B

807

Hodgson, Samuel

860

Cloiigh, Kev. J

509

Hoitt, Thomas L

715

Coe,John

728

Holden, Daniel

J54

Cole, B. J

773

Holmes, H

218

Conn, G. P

162

Howe, Calvin

152

Connor, Abel

355

Humphrey, Moses

101

Couch, Enoch

694

Hunt, Lucian

540

Oummings, George A

156

Jewell, D.L

576

Crane, John S., residence of

781

Keneson, Randall S

728

Crane, J. S

780

Kenrick, Stephen

321

Crockett, S. C

827

Kimball, B. A

146

Daniell, Warren P

324

Kimball, John,

144

Davis, Curtis

219

Kimball, .lohn P

-03

Davis, Hon. Walter S

413

Knight, Elijah

153

Deering, Major Arthur

260

Knowltoo. HoseaC

255

Doe, Charles C

474

Knowles, William F

546

Downing, Lewie

140

Ladd, Seneca A

858

Drake, Oliver

256

Lang, Joseph W

862

Durell, David

Lane, Robert

Eaton, Joshua

211

Little, George P

580

Eaton, Frederick

651

Little, George P., residence of

66«

Ela, Robert L

162e

Little, T.D

623

Ela, Richard

162d

511

Ela, Joseph

865

Map Outline Meniraaok and Belknap Counties

Ela, George W

162b

Marshall, Anson S

Emerson, Benjamiu

600 Marshall, John W

213

Evans, Benjamin V.

6T5

Martin. Noah, M D

408

ILLUSTRATIONS.

■

874

Savage Major George D

708

783

710

514

Sinclair, John G

Smiley James E

714

' '

232

420

Smith, Jeremiah

Stark, Major Caleb

825

302

727

New Hampshire Asylum fur Insane

48
101

' T Tl

Nntter E S ....

151

StiDson, Captain Charles

Stinson John

307

684

300

Snlluway, Honorable A. W

807

Pembroke Academy

147

Tnttle, Hon. Hiram A

Wadle-gh, Judge Benjamin, Jr

Wadleigh, Erastus

697

Pitman, J. P

831
184

643

tt D S

R-«

Webster, Daniel

Weeks, Stephen

776

1.57

White, Nathaniel

Whittemore, Aaron

586

Sargent, Muses

782

BIOGRAPHICAL.

Abbot, J. Stephens

Abbott, William

Aiken, Walter

Albin, John H

Alexander, Enoch

Ames, Jason H

Amsden, Charles H

Bailey, Oliver

Baker, Aaron W

Barnard, Daniel

Bartlett, Levi

Bartlett, William H

Batchelder, Joseph 510

Bellows, Henry A

Bickford, Hezekiah C

Bickford, Nathan 475

Blanchard, Hiram

Brow-n, John

Carpenter, Charles H

Carter, Solon A

Cbildd, Horace

Cilley, James M

Clough, Col. David 31 233

Clough, Rev. Jeremiah 509

Clough, Joseph. 1)15

Cogswell, P.B 89

Cogswell, Thomas, Sr 793

Cogswell, Thomas, Jr 807

Coe,John 728

Cole, B. J 773

Conn, Granville P 162

Connor, Abel 306

Couch, Enoch 694

Crane, Johns 780

Crockett, Col. Seldon C 827

Cumniiogs, George A 155

Currier Family, The 414d

Daniell, Warren P 324

Davis, Curtis 219

Davis, Walter S 413

Deering, Slajor Arthur 2ii0

Doe, Charles C 474

Downing, Lewis 140

Drake, Oliver 256

Durell, David 217

Durrell, Thomaa 806

Eastman, Ira A 39

Eaton, Frederick 651

Ela, George W 162b

Ela Joseph 865

Ela, Richard 102 d

Ela, Robert L I62e

Emerson, Benjamin 600

Evans, Benjamin 075

Fife, Captain William 583

Fogg, George G 869

Foster, W. L 27

Fowler, Asa 15

Fowler, Trueworthy LadJ 581

Fowler, Winthrop 582

Fowler, Winthrop, Jr 583

French, DavidJ 612

Gage, Converse 649

Gale, Napoleon B 830

Galliuger, Jacob H , 159

Gault, Hon. Jesse 389

George, John H 28

George, Paul R 410

Gerrish, Enoch 157

Gillingham, Moody 419

Giluian, James , 867

Goss, William 470

Guttereon, John 358

Hall, Dr. A. B 542

Hall, Rev. K. S 777

Hart, George 216

Uartwell, Rev. Henry H 166

Haynea, Martin A 779

Head, Governor Nathaniel 385

Head, William F 388

Hill, James B 103

Hodgson, Samuel 860

Hoitt, Thomas L 715

Uolden, Daniel 153

Holmes, Rev. Hiram 218'

Howe, Calvin 152

Humphrey, Moses lol

Hunt, Luciau 54c

Jewell, Col. David L 670

Jones, John F. (See Currier Family) 414 d

Keneson, Randall S 729-

Kenrick, Stephen 321

Kimball, Benjamin A 146

Kimball, John., 144

Kimball, J. P 233

BIOGKAPHICAL.

Knowlton, H. C 265

Ladd, Seneca A 858

Lane, Dr. Robert 647

Lang, Joseph W 862

Larabee, George H 680

Little, Thomas D 623

Little, George P 680

Lovering, S. B 511

Marshall, Anson S 34

Marshall, John W 213

Martin N 468

Martin, Samuel 469

Meservey, A. B 874

Moore, Joseph Clifford 783

Moore, McConnel 584

Moore, Stephen 513_

Morrill, David 232

Morse, John W 209

Morse, Joseph 420

Moulton, John C 825,

Moulton, Col. John H 727

Norris, James S 161

Nesmith, George W 36

Nutter, E. S..

Osgood, Addison N 683^

Page, Enoch

Peabody, S. B

Peafie, Simeon'D

Philbricit, David Morrill

Pillsbury, George A

Pillsbury, Oliver

Pitman, Joseph P

Plummer, Ephraim

Prescott, Davids., M.D

Putney, Truman

Bolfe, Henry P 624

Rollins, Amos h 709

Sanborn, Capt, W. A 775

Saoders, George, Jr

Sanders, Orren Strong

Sargent, J. Everett.... 18

Sargent, Moses.. .,*rrr. 782

Sargent, Major SterlingrTTT 166

Savage, George D 708

Sawj'er, Alonzo H 709

Shaw, C. , 254

Sinclair, John G 714

Smith, Alpheus D. 231 •

Stark, Caleb 302

Stark, Caleb, Jr 306

Stearns, Onslow 138

Stevens, Lyman D 40

Stinson, Charles 307

Stinson, Col. John 306

Smiley, James E., M. D 650

.Smith, Jeremiah 643

Stevens, Col. Ebenezer 863

SuUoway, Hon. A. \V 322

Tappan, Mason W 22

-Tenney, Dr. R. P.J 598

Thayer, W. F 92

Tilton, Alexander H 890

Tilton, Charles E 887

Truesdell, E. E 579

.Tuttle, Hiram A 697

Upham, NathanielG 5

Wadleigh, Benjamin 644

Wadleigh, Erastus 644

VWadleigh Family, The 613

Wadleigh, General John 857

Walker, Joseph B 33

Walker, Bev. Timothy 2

Walker, Hon. Timothy 65

Webster, Daniel 9

Weeks, Stephen 509

Wentworth, Joseph 157

White, Nathaniel 136

Whittemore, Aaron 585

Woodman, Edgar H 40

Woodward, F. B 658

HISTORY

MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

CHAPTER I.

ORGANIZATION AND STATISTICAL.

BY DANIEL F. SECOMB.

Merrimack County was formed, in 1823, from
towns in the northerly parts of Hillsborough and
Rockingham Counties, to which have since been
added towns from Grafton County and a portion of
Sanbornton, in Strafford County, and it now contains
portions of four of the five counties into which the
province was divided in 1769^

It is now the second county in the State in popu-
lation, and the third in the valuation of taxable prop-
erty. Its population, as given in the United States
census, has been as follows: In 1830, 34,614; 1840,
.36,253; 1850, 40,337; 1860, 41,408; 1870, 42,151; 1880,
46,300. It includes the city of Concord and twenty-
six towns, as follows :

AUensiown, taken from Rockingham County in
1823; incorporated, 1831; population in 1830, 483;
in 1880, 1708.

Andover, from Hillsborough County, 1823; first
known as New Breton; incorporated, 1779; popula-
tion, 1830, 1324; 1880, 1204.

Bradford, from Hillsborough County, 1823; first
known as New Bradford; incorporated, 1787; popu-
lation, 1830, 1285; 1880,950.

Boscawen, from Hillsborough County, 1823; for-
merly called Contoocook ; incorporated, 1760 ; popu-
lation, 1830, 2093 ; 1880, 1380.

Bow, from Rockingham County, 1823; chartered,
1727 ; population, 1830, 1065; 1880, 734.

Canterhurij, from Rockingham County, 1823; char-
tered, 1727 ; population, 1830, 1663 ; 1880, 1034.

Chichester, from Rockingham County, 1823; char-
tered, 1727 ; population, 1830, 1084 ; 1880, 784.

Concord, from Rockingham County, 1823 ; incor-
porated, 1765 ; formerly known as Penacook and
Rumford; adopted a city charter, 1853; population,
1830,3727; 1880, 13,845.
1

Banbury, from Grafton County, 1874 ; incorporated,
1795 ; population, 1830, 785 ; 1880, 760.

Dunbarton, from Hillsborough County, 1823 ; in-
corporated, 1765; formerly called Starkstown ; pop-
ulation, 1830, 1067 ; 1880, 708.

Epsom, from Rockingham County, 1823; chartered,
1727; population, 1830, 1418; 1880, 909.

Franklin, from parts of Andover, Northfield and
Salisbury, in Merrimack County, and Sanbornton, in
Strafford County; incorporated, 1828; population,
1830, 1870 ; 1880, 3265.

Henniker, from Hillsborough County, 1823 ; incor-
porated, 1768 ; population, 1830, 1725 ; 1880, 1326.

Hill, from Grafton County, 1868 ; incorporated,
1778; formerly called New Chester; name changed,
1836; population, 1830, 1090; 1880, 667.

Hooksett, from Hillsborough County, 1823 ; incor-
porated, 1822, and included parts of Goffstown and
Dunbarton, in Hillsborough County, and Chester, in
Rockingham; population, 1830, 880; 1880,1766.

Hopkinton, from Hillsborough County, 1823; incor-
porated, 1765 ; formerly called New Hopkinton ; pop-
ulation, 1830, 2474; 1880, 1836.

Loudon, from Rockingham County, 1823; incorpo-
rated, 1773 ; was originally a part of Canterbury ;
population, 1830, 1642; 1880, 1221.

Newbury, from Hillsborough County, 1823 ; incor-
porated, 1778; formerly known as Fishersfield; name
changed, 1836; population, 1830, 798; 1880, 590.

New London, from Hillsborough County, 1823; in-
corporated, 1779 ; formerly called Dantzic ; popula-
tion, 1830, 913 ; 1880, 875.

Northfield, from Rockingham County, 1823 ; incor-
porated, 1780 ; was originally a part of Canterburi' ;
population, 1830, 1169 ; 1880, 918.

Pembroke, from Rockingham County, 1823 ; incor-
porated, 1759; formerly called Suncook, and granted
by the General Court of Massachusetts, in 1727, to
Captain John Lovcwell and his associates in the fight
at Lovewell's Pond in 1725; population, 1830, 1312;
1880, 2797.

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Pittsfield, from Rockingham County, 1823; incor-
porated, 1782; formerly a part of Chichester; pop-
ulation, 1830, 1271 ; 1880, 1974.

Salisbury, from Hillsborough County, 1823 ; incor-
porated, 1768; formerly known as Stevenstown ; pop-
ulation, 1830, 1379 ; 1880, 795.

Sutton, from Hillsborough County, 1823 ; incorpor-
ated, 1784 ; formerly called Perrystown ; population,
1830, 1424 ; 1880, 923.

Warner, from Hillsborough County, 1823 ; incor-
porated, 1774; formerly known as New Alrasbury
and Jennistown, and includes what was formerly
called Kearsarge Gore ; population, 1830, 2221 ; 1880,
1537.

Webster, formerly West Boscawen, taken from Bos-
caweu, 1860; population, 1870, 689; 1880, 647.

Wilmot, from Hillsborough County, 1823 ; incor-
porated, 1807 ; formerly called Kearsarge ; popula-
tion, 1830,934; 1880, 1080.

Of the 46,300 inhabitants of the county in 1880,
46,133 were whites, 158 colored, 1 Chinese and 8
Indians ; 40,521 were natives of the United States,
and 5779 of foreign birth ; 34,808 were natives of
New Hampshire, and 5713 of other States; 5116
males and 5075 females were from five to eighteen
j'ears of age ; 14,286 males were above twenty-one
years of age ; 9380 males were between the ages of
eighteen and forty-tive years, and one-half of the
entire population was above twenty-six years of age.

Agricultural Statistics of Merrimack County,
from the United States census of 1880, were as fol-
lows : Number of farms, June 1, 1880, 4334; number
of acres of improved land, 305,282 ; value of farms,
buildings and fences, $11,392,721 ; value of farm im-
plements and machines, $426,083; estimated value
of farm products for the year 1879-80, $1,878,149.
Live stock and some of its products for the year end-
ing June 1, 1880: Horses, 5998; working oxen, 4121;
milch cows, 1 1,800 ; other cattle, 17,296 ; sheep, 27,755 ;
swine, 8138. Gallons of milk produced, 586,662;
pounds of butter made, 908,728 ; pounds of cheese
made, 190,809. Vegetable products, 1879: Barley,
6279 bushels ; buckwheat, 2576 bushels ; Indian
corn, 229,877 bushels , oats, 7503 bushels ; rye, 4932
bushels ; wheat, 25,403 bushels ; hay, 75,713 tons ;
hops, 3219 lbs.; Irish potatoes, 375,653 bushels.
On-hard j.roducts valued at $117,382.

Manufacturing Statistics.— Number of manufac-
turing establishnii'nts, June 1, 1880, 449; males above
sixteen years of age employed, 3580 ; females, 1477 ;
children and youth, 628.

Of the population of the county in 1880, there
were 22,751 males and 23,549 females ; 40,521 were na-
tives of the United States, and 5779 of foreign birth;
5116 males and 5075 females were from 5 to 18 years
of age, 9380 males were between 18 and 40 years of
age, and 14,286 males were 21 years of age and
above, and one-half of the whole population was over
26 years of age.

Capital invested, $6,089,215 ; value of materials
used, $4,974,224 ; value of products, $8,742,560.

VALl ATIOX AND TAXATION.

Valuation of the county, April 1, 1879 $24,882,550

Valuation of real estate 18,522,356

Valuation of personal property 6,360,194

State tax assessed . . '. $58,552

County tax assessed 78,000

City, town and school taxes 257,873

Whole amount of taxes 393,925

Total $60,159,025

Indebtedness of the county, city, towns and school districts in the
countj-, June 1, 1880.

Bonded debt $956,400

Floating debt 168,602

Aggregate debt $1,116,002

Number of post-offices in the county July 1, 1883, 60 ; compensation
of postmasters the preceding year, $18,515.94.

CHAPTER II.

BENCH AND BAR.

The first term of the Superior Court of Judicature
in Merrimack County was held in Concord in January,
1824. This was the first time that Concord had
enjoyed the presence of a duly established court of
law. The membere of the bar of the county at this
term convened and were duly organized as the Merri-
mack County bar, and during one of the first evenings
of the session a bar supper was celebrated at the inn
of J. P. Gass, which was located near the present site
of Sanborn's block, on Main Street. The venerable
George W. Nesniith, of Franklin, is the only surviving
member of those present on that occasion.

Peter Green, son of Nathaniel Green, was one
of the earliest lawyers in the State. He was born in
Worcester, Mass., 1746 ; opened an office in Concord,
1767. He was chosen State councilor in 1788 and 1789.
He died March 27, 1798, aged fifty-two.

Hon. Timothy Walker was the only son of
Rev. Timothy Walker, and was born upon the
paternal farm in Rumford, June 27, 1737. He is
said, when a boy, to have been a great favorite of
the Indians living in the vicinity. Entertaining
a deep reverence and affection for his father, they
naturally inclined to him, and, as tradition says,
were wont to take him on visits to their wigwams,
assuring his mother, who did not altogether relish such
civilities, that " Indians no hurt minister's pappoose."
This promise was never broken, and he was always
returned in safety, although oftentimes modified much
in appearance, from the Indians having painted his
face in glowing colors, and garlanded his head with
gaudy feathers.

His father gave early attention to his education, and
sent him, when fifteen years of age, to Harvard Col-
lege. He remained there during the regular course
and graduated in 1756. The two years ensuing he
spent in teaching school at Bradford, Mass. Upon

BENCH AND BAR.

leaving Bradford, having in the mean time chosen the-
ology as his profession, he commenced a course of
study and pursued it most probably with his father.
Having completed his theological studies, he was ex-
amined at the association meeting in Haverhill, Mass.,
and licensed to preach September 11, 1759.

Mr. Walker was never a settled pastor, but preached
occasionally for about six years. During the last ab-
sence of his fiither in England, in 1762-63, he sup-
plied his pulpit in Rumford. He preached many
times from 1761 to 1764 inRindge, where he received
a call to settle, which he declined. In the summer of
1765 he preached six Sabbaths at Pigwacket (now
Fryeburg), Me., which seems to have been about the
last of his preaching, soon after which he relinquished
the profession of the ministry.

From his diary it appears that on the 25th of No-
vember, 1765, he concluded a partnership agreement
with Colonel Andrew McMillan, and engaged with
him in trade in Rumford, in the southerly part of the
village. They continued in business together but for
a single year. Soon after their separation Mr. Walker
opened a store near the residence of his father, and
there continued his mercantile pursuits until about
the beginning of the Revolution. During this period
he was also engaged in the manufacture of potash,
which was disposed of in the lower towns of the prov-
ince. Some portions of the works erected for this
purpose remained until within a recent period, the
well, stoned up from the bottom, being in good condi-
tion to-day.

Mr. Walker was married, some time previous to
1764, to his cousin, Susannah Burbeen, daughter of
Rev. Joseph Burbeen, of Woburn, Mass., who died in
Concord, September 28, 1 828, at the age of eighty -two.
They had fourteen children, ten of whom lived to
mature life.

Upon the commencement of hostilities with Great
Britain, Mr. Walker, like his father, warmly espoused
the patriot cause, and seconded with zeal the meas-
ures adopted for the security of American liberty.
His whole time seems now to have been devoted to
the service of his country. The town of Concord
chose him a delegate to the Fourth Provincial Con-
gress, which assembled at Exeter, on the 17th of May,
1775, and he took an active interest in the very im-
portant measures which came before that body.

On the 20th of May he was appointed a member of
the Committee of Supplies, constituted to act in con-
junction with the Committee of Safety, and procure
supplies for the New Hampshire troops, at this time
in the vicinity of Boston. On the 20th of August he,
with Ichabod Rawlings, Esq., was sent to the army to
ascertain the loss&s sustained at the battle of Bunker
Hill by each of the officers and soldiers of the New
Hampshire forces, and in behalf of the province to
make them compensation, as well as to secure to them
supplies and advance a month's pay to such as had
enlisted in the Continental service. The action of

the Provincial Congress upon the report subsequently
made of their doings attbrds evidence that those du-
ties were performed to their acceptance.

About the 1st of September of this year the New
Hampshire Congress passed an act creating four reg-
iments of Minute-Men equal in number to about one-
fourth part ofthe then existing militia of the province.
These were to meet to drill once in every two weeks,
and to be ready for service at a moment's warning.
Mr. Walker was commissioned colonel of the Third
Regiment September 5, 1775, and exerted himself to
train and fit for duty the forces under his command.

From the 4th to the 16th of October we find him
acting as paymaster of the New Hampshire trooj>s at
Winter Hill, commanded by Colonels Stark, Poor and
Reid, and again, on the 27th of December, he was
appointed by the Fifth Provincial Congress paymas-
ter of the same forces.

The Fifth Provincial Congress was succeeded, Jan-
uary 6, 1776, by the first House of Representatives,
organized under the temporary constitution and com-
posed of the same members. Its journal shows
Colonel Walker to have been one of the committee of
three appointed by the House " to make a draft of the
declaration of this General Assembly for independ-
ence of the United Colonies." The committee re-
ported a draft June 15, 1776, which was at once
adopted and a copy of it sent to the Continental Con-
gress, then in session at Philadelphia.

At a date not long subsequent to this event Colonel
Walker was made one of the committee to devise a
systematic plan of finance, by means of which the
payment of the debts of the State might be provided
for and funds raised for present and future purposes.

AVhen, on the 14th of March, 1776, the Continental
Congress sent out the Association Test, to be signed by
all friendly to the patriot cause. Colonel Walker most
cheerfully signed the copy sent to Concord, and it was
through his influence, in part at least, that, of the one
hundred and fifty-six to whom it was presented for
signature in that town, not one declined subscribing
to it his name.

Colonel Walker was this year a member of the
Committee of Safety and served in that capacity until
the 20th of June, 1776. During the next three years
— viz., from December 18, 1776, to December 15, 1779
— he was a member of the Council, associated with
Meshech Weare, Josiah_Bartlett, Nicholas Gilman
and others of like character^men of the purest pa-
triotism, whose names New Hampshire will ever cher-
ish. On the 26th of March, 1777, he was chosen by
the Legislature a delegate to the Continental Congress,
and again, at three subsequent times, in 1778, 1782
and 1784, but it is not certain that he ever attended.
He wiis sent from Concord a delegate to each of the
New Hampshire Constitutional Conventions of 1778
and 1781, and also to that of 1791, to revise the con-
stitution.

In 1777 he retired from the more stirring scenes

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

connected with the war, and accepted the office of a
justice of the Court of Common Pleas, which he con-
tinued to hold until 1809, being for the last five years
a chief justice. The courts were held alternately at
Exeter and Portsmouth, and Judge Walker made his
iourueys to and from those places on horseback.

Upon the organization of the Republican party in
New Hampshire, in 1798, Judge Walker was selected
for its first candidate for Governor, and was run against
John Taylor Gilman, who had already been the in-
cumbent of the office in previous years, and was one
of the strongest men of the Federal party, at that time
in large majority throughout the State. Governor
Gilman was the successful candidate, receiving nine
thousand three hundred and ninety-seven votes out of
the whole number of twelve thousand one hundred
and fifty -three thrown, and Judge Walker seven hun-
dred and thirty-four. Twice afterwards — viz., in 1800
and 1801 — he was the Republican candidate for Gov-
ernor, receiving the former year six thousand and
thirty-nine, and the latter five thousand two hundred
and forty-nine votes, the whole number of votes cast
being between sixteen thousand and seventeen thou-
sand.

Although mingling largely in State affairs, Mr.
Walker did not withhold himself from a participation
in the management of the more limited business of
his native town. In this sphere he was also promi-
nent. He was moderator of the annual town-meeting
in 1779 and every year afterwards, with the excep-
tion of ten, until 1809, serving in that capacity no
less than twenty-one years. He was also town clerk
from 1769 up to and including 1777, and one of the
selectmen of the town for twenty-five years between
1769 and 1802, being chairman of the board every
year during this period except four.

He ever took a lively interest in everything tending
to advance the prosperity of Concord. Being a rep-
resentative to the Legislature, which was holden at
Exeter in 1781, and finding some dissatisfaction among
the members relative to accommodations furnished
there, he proposed to them that ifthey would adjourn
to meet at Concord, they should be as well served
and at one-half of the expense. The proposal was
accepted, and upon his return home he informed his
townsmen of the manner in which he had committed
them, and they at once pledged themselves to make
good his engagement to the best of their several abil-
ities. The next year the Legislature assembled in
Concord for the first time, meeting first at the meet-
ing-house, but adjourning, immediately after coming
together, to a hall prepared for them in a building
now standing near the southwest corner of Main and
Penacook Streets.

In 1798 we find him greatly interested in the im-
provement of the sacred music of the town, and the
records of the Concord Musical Association show
him to have been its first i)resident. Indeed, Judge
Walker seems to have been intimately connected with

most of the Concord enterprises of his day. He was
one of the original proprietors of Federal bridge,
which was incorporated in 1795, and crossed the Mer-
rimac at East Concord village. Three years after, he
became one of the members of " The Proprietors of
the Concord Library."

In 1806 the Concord Bank was incorporated by the
Legislature, and irreconcilable differences of opinion
arising at the meeting of the grantees for organiza-
tion, two banks with different officers, but bearing the
same name, were organized under the same charter, —
one located at the north end and the other at the
southerly end of Main Street. Each did a successful
business for twenty years, at the expiration of which
period they were organized under separate charters.
j Of the upper bank Judge Walker was the first presi-
1 dent, and continued for several years. Upon most, or
all, of the old subscription papers for procuring money
for local purposes, which have been preserved, his name
stands prominent, evincing his constant interest in
the public enterprises of his native town.

In 1774, largely through his influence and efforts,
a township of land upon the Androscoggin River, in
Maine, was granted by the General Court of Massa-
chusetts to the proprietors of Concord or their de-
scendants, to indemnify' them, in part, for expenses
and losses incurred in consequence of the long con-
troversy with the alleged proprietors of Bow. This
grant afforded good lands upon favorable terms to the
children of the original settlers of Concord, and many
emigrated to that locality and established the present
town of Rumford. Of these lands Judge Walker
eventually became a large proprietor and afforded
substantial aid to many young families of limited
means in establishing themselves in life. Someof these
lands descended to his children and to his children's
children, while some are still held by his great-grand-
children, who are to-day among the prosperous farm-
ers of Rumford.

Notwithstanding his multitudinous avocations of a
more or less public character, Judge Walker always
kept and managed with care the large farm left him
by his father. He increased, rather than diminished,
its original area. Situated, as this was, upon the
very edge of the village, it aftbrded him a convenient
residence, and at the plain mansion which sheltered
him and his family he dispensed, for a long series of
years, a plain hospitality to multitudes of friends
and acquaintances who sought his society.

" My son, you must not pull down the old barn in
my day," he said, on one occasion, to his youngest
son and successor upon the farm. " You can build
as many new ones as you like. That was Parson
Walker's barn ; it has never failed to afford shelter
and feed to the horse of the visitor who has knocked
at our door; let it stand as long as I last." And a
new barn went up, but " Parson Walker's barn " re-
mained standing until the worthy judge had rested
from his labors a half-score of vears and more.

BENCH AND BAE.

In person, Judge Walker was of medium size,
being about five feet ten inches in height and having
rounded and well-developed limbs. In later life he
was a little inclined to fulness. He had a placid,
open countenance, a nose somewhat prominent and a
full, blue eye. His walk was erect and his bearing
dignified. He possessed an active, vigorous mind
and a well-balanced judgment. He had keen per-
ceptive faculties, which, aided by the experience
gained by long intercourse with men, enabled him to
form quickly correct opinions of the characters and
motives of those with whom he came in contact.
While cautious, he was yet of a sanguine tempera-
ment ; hopeful, also, when others despaired, and
rarely given to despondency. He had a cheerful dis-
position ; he was reasonable in his expectations and
charitable in his judgments. Careful in the choice
of his plans, as well as patient in their execution, he
was generally successful. Democratic and affable, he
was on familiar terms with all about him. Kejoicing
in the welfare of his townsmen, he was ever ready to
do them kind services. He manifested a particular
interest in the young men of the town, and not a few,
just starting in life, received from him counsel or en-
couragement or pecuniary aid, which assisted them
greatly in overcoming first obstacles and nerved
them to exertions which secured the foundations of
future prosperity.

When at length old age came upon him, he met it
cheerfully and manfully. For several years previous
to 1822 he had been somewhat infirm, but still en-
joyed life in a good degree. His children were pros-
perously and respectably settled in their different
avocations, a part of them near about him. He had
frequent evidence of the respect entertained for him
by his fellow-citizens ; he had an inward conscious-
ness of having done what he could to be useful in his
day and generation ; he had entire confidence in the re-
velations of the Sacred Scriptures and an humble hope
that the infinite atonement of the Son of God might
attach to him. On the 5th of May, 1822, in the bosom
of his family, he died, a virtuous and a happy old
man, in the eighty-fifth year of his age. Truly,
" The hoary head is a crown of glory if it be found in
the way of righteousness."

Edward St. Loe Livermoee, son of Hon. Samuel
Livermore, born in Londonderry, 1761, entered upon
his profession in Concord, 1783 ; solicitor for Eock-
ingham County, 1791-93 ; judge in the Superior
Court of Judicature, 1797-99; then resided at Ports-
mouth. He was also member of Congress from
Massachusetts. He was the father of the celebrated
Harriet Livermore, born in Concord April 14, 1788.
He died at Tewksbury, Mass., September 15, 1832,
aged seventy-one.

Thomas W. Thompson, son of Deacon Thomas
Thompson, of Boston, born March 10, 1766 ; graduated
at Harvard University, 1786 ; was tutor in college,
1780 ; aid to General Lincoln at the time of " Shay's

Rebellion ; " commenced the practice of law at Salis-
bury, 1791 ; representative from that town in the State
Legislature ; chosen representative to Congress, 1805-
07 ; in 1810 treasurer of the State, when he moved
to Concord; speaker of the House in the State
Legislature, 1813 and 1814; Senator in Congress,
1814-17 ; elected trustee of Dartmouth College in
1801, which office he held till his death. Mr. Thomp-
son was an accomplished gentleman, distinguished for
the dignity and urbanity of his manners, for integrity
and piety. He held the office of deacon in the First
Church in Concord from 1818 till his death. He died
of pulmonary consiimption, October 10, 1821, aged
fifty-five years.

Arthur Livermore, judge, brother of Edward
St. Loe Livermore, opened an office in Concord in
1792 ; soon moved to Chester, thence to Holderness.
He died July, 1853, aged eighty-seven years.

Saimuel Green, judge, son of Nathaniel Green,
born March 7, 1770, read law in the office of his
brother, Peter Green, Esq. ; commenced practice in
Concord, 1793 ; associate justice of the Superior
Court from 1819 tp 1840, when he retired on account
of the constitutional limit of age. He was then ap-
pointed to a clerkship at Washington, where he con-
tinued till his death, March, 1851, aged eighty-one
years.

Philip Carrigain, son of Dr. Philip Carrigain, was
born in Concord in 1772, and graduated at Dartmouth
College in 1794 ; studied law with Arthur Livermore,
Esq., and settled in practice in his native town. He
was Secretary of State, clerk of the Senate and was
often employed in public business. He died March
15, 1842, aged seventy years.

Moody Kent, son of Joseph Kent, was born in
Newbury, Mass., May 22, 1779; graduated at Harvard
College, 1801 ; admitted to the bar in 1804 ; practiced
in Deerfield nearly five years ; came to Concord in
September, 1809, where he remained in practice till
1832, when he withdrew from business.

Isaac Gates, graduated at Harvard College, 1802 ;
was in Concord a short time in 1814 ; died in Harvard,
Mass., in November, 1852.

Lyman B. Walker, from Gilford, while Attorney-
General of the State, from 1843 to — , resided in Con-
cord.

Samuel Fletcher, born in Plymouth, July 31,
1785; graduated at Dartmouth College, 1810; opened
an office in Concord, 1815 ; trustee of Darmouth Col-
lege ; trustee and treasurer of Phillips Academy and
Theological Seminary, at Andover, from 1841 to 1850.

Nathaniel Gookin Upham was born in Deer-
field, X. H., January 8, 1801. His parents removed
to Rochester the following year. He pursued his
studies preparatory to college at Exeter Academy;
entered Dartmouth in 1816 ; was a faithful student,
and graduated with honor in 1820.

Immediately after his graduation, Mr. Upham com-
menced the study of law. After being admitted to

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

the bar, he practiced his profession in Bristol until
1829, when he removed to Concord.

Four years later Mr. Uphani was appointed one of
the associate justices of the Superior Court of New
Hampshire. This honor was the more complimentary
as he was only thirty-two years of age. With the
single exception of Hon. Levi Woodbury, he was the
youngest man who had been placed upon the bench
of New Hampshire. He discharged with faithfulness
and ability the duties devolving upon him until 1843,
when he resigned and was appointed superintendent
of the Concord Railroad. Some years later, the
business of the road having greatly increased, be
relinquished the superintendency and was made
president. In the management of its afl'airs for
twenty-three years he used great wisdom and judg-
ment, giving to it his best thoughts, his legal know-
ledge and experience, ever planning wisely and suc-
cessfully for the enlargement of its business, with
remarkable prudence, foresight and perseverance.
He held the office of president till 1866, when his
connection with the railroad ceased.

In 1853, Judge Upham was appointed commissioner,
on the part of the government of the United States,
to confer with a similar commissioner appointed by
the English government, and to decide upon certain
claims brought by citizens of either country against
the government of the other. These claims had been
growing in number and amount for forty years. This
commission met in London in September, 1853, Ed-
mund Hornby, Esq., acting on the part of Great
Britain. They considered all claims presented, pro-
nouncing upon each a deliberate and final judgment,
and in accordance with these decisions the claims
were paid by the respective governments, amounting
in the aggregate to many millions of dollars.

In 1862, Judge Upham was called to act in a similar
service, that of umpire in the commission appointed
by government for the settlement of claims between
the United States and New Granada.

In politics Judge Upham was a Democrat for many
years. Though decided in his political principles, he
was not a politician. His influence was exercised
rather by private suggestions and the weight of his
general character.

In 1850 he was chairman of the business committee
of the convention called to amend the Constitution
of New Hampshire.

In 1865 and 1866 he was a member of the Legisla-
ture, and earnest in advocating the proposed amend-
ment of the National Constitution. He was also at
this time chairman of the committee to remodel the
State- House.

In the struggle between the North and the South
Judge Upham took an open and decided stand at
once on the side of the government, in the exercise
of all the influence he could exert, by addresses
delivered on public occasions, as well as by letters
and essays published in the leading newspapers. He

accepted heartily the emancipation proclamation,
both as to its' expediency and constitutionality as a
war measure.

There was in Judge Upham, beneath all the busi-
ness and professional life, a strong literary taste.
He wrote with ease, and wrote much. His style was
clear and forcible, at times eloquent, and many valua-
ble articles from his pen were published.

For more than forty years he resided in Concord,
and his name is associated with the growth and pros-
perity of the city. He was interested in all wise
measures for the public good, and his was a leading
mind in devising methods of improvement, and very
efficient in carrying them into effect. His fellow-
citizens learned to place great confidence in his
judgment, acknowledging his prudence and foresight,
knowing that his opinions were given after a careful
consideration of the subject. He was a man of up-
rightness, true to his engagements, faithful to every
contract, doing what he regarded as right in the sight
of God and man. He was a leading member of the
South Congregational Church from its organization,
and did much for its stability and prosperity.

Judge Upham was twice married, first to Miss
Betsy W. Lord, of Kennebunkport, Me. She died
in Concord, August 17, 1833, leaving two children,
both of whom survive,- — Rev. Nathaniel L. LTpham, of
Philadelphia, and Mrs. Joseph B. Walker, of Concord.
His second wife was Miss Eliza W. Burnham, of Pem-
broke. The children of this marriage are not living.
An infant daughter died in 1844, and Mr. Francis A.
Upham, April 3, 1867, aged twenty-nine years. Mrs.
E. W. Upham died April 14, 1882.

" But the most honored life must come to a close."
Never a strong or robust man, yet with prudence and
care he was ever able to perform well the duties of the
hour. A few days' illness terminated a useful life,
and Nathaniel Gookin Upham died December 11,
1869, aged sixty-nine.

Stephex C. Badger, a native of Warner, born
April 12, 1797; graduated at Dartmouth College, 1823 ;
admitted to the bar, 1826 ; came to Concord from
New London, 1833 ; was clerk of the courts of Merri-
mack County from 1834 to 1846; police magistrate
several years previous to the adoption of the city
charter.

David Pillsbuey, born in Raymond, whence his
father soon removed to Candia ; a graduate of Dart-
mouth College, 1827; practiced law in Chester fi-om
1830 to 1854, when he opened an office in Concord.
Several years was a major-general in the New Hamp-
shire militia.

Hamilton HrxcHixs, A.M., son of the late Abel
Hutchins, born July 10, 1805; graduated at Dart-
mouth College, 1827 ; admitted to the bar in Concord,
1830 ; was highly esteemed for his amiable temper
and gentlemanly manners.

George Mixot, born in Bristol ; graduated at
Dartmouth College, 1828; admitted to the bar, ISIU ;

BENCH AND BAR.

])racticed in his profession at Gilmanton, Bristol and
Concord. He- was cashier of the Mechanics' Bank in
Concord.

Calvin Ainswoeth, a native of Littleton, born
August 22, 1807 ; admitted to the bar, 1835 ; came to
Concord from Littleton, 1843 ; register of probate for
^lerrick County five years, and first police justice of
the city of Concord, 1853.

Ephraiji Eatox, a native of Candia ; graduated at
Dartmouth College, 1833 ; studied law with Samuel
Fletcher, Esq., and opened an office in Concord, 1837,
where he continued in business until 1853.

Nehemiah Butler, born at Pelliam, February 22,
1824 ; studied law with Asa Fowler, Esq., of Concord,
and at the Law School in Harvard University ; com-
menced practice at Fisherville, 1843 ; was appointed
clerk of the Superior Court and Court of Common
Pleas for the county of Merrimack, and removed to
Concord, 1852, where he resided until his death.

Hox. EzEKiEL Webster, elder brother of Daniel,
was born in Salisbury, April 11, 1780. The first nine-
teen years of his life were spent on his father's farm,
and it was settled in tlie mind of Judge Webster that
he was to remain at home and be a farmer, while
Daniel, who had less physical strength in childhood,
who seems to have had little inclination for farming,
was to be educated to one of the learned professions.

Daniel entered college in 1797. It troubled him,
however, to think that Ezekiel was at home plodding
on the farm while he was obtaining an education.
He says in his autobiography, —

"I sooa began to grow uneasy at my brother's situation. His
prospects were not promising, and be himself felt and saw this, and had
aspirations beyond his condition. Nothing was proposed, however, by
way of change of plan, till two yeais later.

" In the tpring ot ITnn, at tin Jlay vacation, being then a snphomore,
I visittd mi faimlj, iin.l tin n In M ~. n.His c.nsultation witli my br.jther.
I remenibei Mill \>ben vi weut ti. bwl wo l.Cij;an to talk matters over,
and tint wo ruvo after suuiise without buviiig shut our eyes. But we

'* He had thought of going into some new part of the country. That
was discussed and disagieed to All the pros and cohs of the question of
rem iiniii,2; it Imun \\t_n weighed and considered, and when our council
brnUf ti| I I itli r ^ .t up, its result was that T should propose to my
fitli I li t li III I It was, should be sent to school, and also to college.
Tlii^ \\ I I WW I 111 I ti ving thing to my father and mother and two
unijidui 1 i-l 1- ^1\ fathei was glowing old, his health not good and
tils circuiiistani.cs 1 ii tiom easy The farm was to be carried on. and the
family Ukon cai oof and theie was nobody to do all this but bim who
was regarded as the mam stay, that is to say, Ezekiel. However, I ven-
tured on the negotiation, and it was carried, as other things often are, by
the earnest and sanguine manner of youth. I told him that I was un-
happy at my brother's prospects. For myself I saw my way to knowl-
edge, respectability and self-protection, but as to him, all looked the
other way ; that I would keep school, and get along as well as I could —
he more than four years in getting through college, if necessary — pro-
vided he also could be sent to study.

•* He said, at once, he lived hut for his children ; that he had but lit-
tle, and on that little he put no value, except so far as it might be useful
to them ; that to carry us both through college would take all he was
worth ; that for himself he was willing to run the risk, but that this was
a serious matter to our mother and two unmarried sisters ; that we must
settle the matter with them, and if their consent was obtained, he would
trust to Providence and get along as well as he could."

The father laid the case before the mother. " The
farm is already mortgaged, and if we send Ezekiel

to college, it will take all we have ; but the boys think
they can take care of us," he said.

It did not take the strong-hearted, sagacious wo-
man long to decide the matter : " We can trust the
hoys."

The question was settled. Daniel went back to
Hanover, while Ezekiel went, bundle in hand, to
Dr. Wood's, and began the study of Latin. He spent
two terms at a school kept at Salisbury, South Road
village, and returned again to Dr. Wood's, where his
expenses were about one dollar per week.

While thus studying and taking recreation be-
neath the magnificent beeches that stood before the
house, he kept up a frequent correspondence with
Daniel at Hanover. Ezekiel distrusted his ability to
get on. Daniel made this reply to him, in a letter
written April 25, 1800,—

" You tell me that you have diflicnlties to encounter which I know uo-
thingof What do you mean, Ezekiel ? Do you mean to flatter ? That don't
become you. Or do you think you are inferior to me in natural abili-
ties ? If so, he assured you greatly mistake. Therefore, in the future
say in your letters to me, * I am superior to you in natural endowments ;
I will know more in one year than you do now, and more in six than
you ever will.'

•' I should not resent the language, — I should be very well pleased in
hearing it ; but be assured, as mighty as you are, your great puissance
shall never insure you a victory without a contest."

With such words Daniel endeavored to cheer the
struggling elder brother.

In November, 1802, Daniel was at home in Salis-
bury, while Ezekiel was struggling with poverty at
Hanover. Funds were getting low in the Webster
homestead. Daniel writes under date of November
4th,—

"Now, Zeke, yon will not read half a sentence, no, not one syllable
before you have thoroughly searched this sheet for scrip ; but my word
for it, you'll find no scrip here. We held a sanhedrim this morning on
the subject of cash. Could not hit upon any way to get you any. Just
before we went away to hang ourselves through disappointment it came
into our lieails that next week might do. The truth is, father had an

exeeiiti iLui-i lliil iKii.J, ofN. Chester, for about one hundred doUare.

Till' 111 I- and just ready to drop into the hands of the

creiiii '! 1 1 ' I] I suddenly died. This, you see, stays the execu-

tiou till [iiu luii^ lu' .L.SS of administering is completed.

" I have now by mo two cents in lawful federal currency. Next week
I shall send them, if they be all. They will buy a pipe ; with a pipe
you can smoke ; smoking inspires wisdom ; wisdom is allied to fortitiide ;
from fortitude it is but one step to stoicism; and stoicism never pants for
this world's goods ; — so perhaps my two cents, by this process, may put
you quite at ease about cash. . . .

"We are all here juat in the old way, always behind and lacking.
Boys digging potatoes with frozen fingers, and girls washing without

Two days later Ezekiel writes to Daniel. It is
not an answer; the letters doubtless passed caib
other on the way. Ezekiel, after giving a just criti-
cism on the writings of Horace, thus closes his
epistle, —

"Those cold, frosty mornings very sonsibly inform me that I want a
warm great-coat. I wish, Daniel, it might be convenient to send me
cloth for one ; otherwise I shall be necessitated to purchase one here. I
do not care what color it is, or what kind of cloth it is— anything that
will keep the frost out. Some kind of shaggy cloth, I think, would be
cheapest. Deacon Pettingill has written, offering me fourteen dollars a
iiioiith (to keep school). I believe I shall lake it.

HISTOKY OF MERKIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIEE.

"Money, Daniel, money I As I was walkinE down to the office after
a letter, I happened to have one cent, which is the only money I have
had since the second day after I came on. It is a fact, Dan, that I was
called on for a dollar where I owed it, and borrowed it, and have bor-
rowed it four times since to pay those I borrowed of."

From a paragraph in a letter written by Daniel to
his classmate, Bingham, of Lempster, it would ap-
pear that Ezekiel taught school in Sanbornton in
December, 1803,—

" Zeke is at Sanbornton. He comes home once in a while, sits down
before the kitchen fire, begins to poke and rattle the andirons. I know
what is coming, and am mute. At length he puts his feet into the
oven's mouth, place his right eyebrow up on his forehead, & begins a
very pathetic lecture on the evils of poverty. It is like church service.
He does all the talking, and I only say ' Amen ! amen ! '"

Ezekiel's funds failed in the spring of 1804, and by
permission of the faculty he left Dartmouth, went to
Boston, where he purchased the good-will of a pri-
vate school, which he taught with great success till
April, 1805. He was graduated at Dartmouth mean-
while, in 1804, having spent but three years in col-
lege.

While earning a livelihood by teaching, he studied
law with Governor Sullivan, then Attorney-General
of Massachusetts. In 1806 he studied with Parker
Noyes, Esq., of Salisbury, next door to Judge Web-
ster's house. Daniel having decided to leave Bosca-
wen and take up his residence in Portsmouth, turned
over his practice to Ezekiel, who entered upon his
profession as a lawyer in Boscawen in the month of
September, 1807. His legal knowledge and moral
worth soon become known, and acquired for him an
extensive business. He was not ambitious to excel
as an orator, and it was only the urgent appeal of
duty or the imperative obligation to his profession
that overcame his instinctive aversion to a crowd, and
called forth his highest powers of eloquence. He
never encouraged litigation, but always used his
personal influence to bring about a private adjustment
of most of the contested matters originating in the
town. He repeatedly represented the town in the
Legislature. He was educated a Federalist by his
father, a Whig of 1776. He was old enough to
remember the administration of Washington, and be-
lieved with all his heart in the political principles
adhered to by the Federal party, which was in a
minority in the State after he came into public life.
This adherence to political principles prevented his
election to Congress, and from holding other offices
in the gift of the people.

Although devoted to his profession, he loved agri-
culture, and retained the homestead at Salisbury
after his father's death, which occurred in 1806. He
was one of the projectors and an active member of
the Merrimack Agricultural Society, and was active
in advancing improved methods of husbandry.

He was simple in his tastes, kind, genial, polite,
and a perfect gentleman. He attended to all the
details of life, served as assessor in the religious so-
ciety, and as committeeman for the school district.

He looked upon Dr. Wood as a loving child looks
upon a devoted parent. A member of the bar spend-
ing a Sabbath with Mr. Webster, and hearing Dr.
Wood, took occasion to disparage the sermon. Mr.
Webster replied, pointedly and with spirit, that he
doubted the gentleman's ability to appreciate the
performance. He was ever Dr. Wood's confidential
friend and adviser. Together they planned the es-
tablishing of Boscawen Academy. Mr. Webster
contributed fully three hundred dollars to the insti-
tution, and by his heartiness and zeal stimulated his
fellow-townsmen to carry on the project, while
Daniel, then almost in the zenith of his fame, con-
tributed the bell.

He was an exemplary member of the church, and
his infiuence was ever on the side of right. He was
a constant attendant upon religious services, and
always maintained religious devotions in his home.

On the 10th of April, 1829, he was making a plea
before the Merrimack bar at Concord. He was stand-
ing erect. The court-room was crowded, for when-
ever the lawyer from Boscawen made a plea the
people flocked to hear him. The court, jurors, law-
yers and audience were listening to his words, and
noticing the play of his clear-cut features and the
manly dignity of his commanding presence. He was
speaking with vigor and earnestness. His periods
were rounded as usual, his utterance clear, his enun-
ciation perfect. He closed one branch of his argu-
ment, uttered the concluding sentence and the final
word distinctly and with his accustomed cadence, his
form erect as ever, his eyes clear and bright, his
arms hanging naturally by his side, and then, with-
out a murmur, a groan, a lisp, raising not a hand,
clutching at nothing, with no bending of a joint or
quivering of the eyelids, he fell backward upon the
floor — dead ! With the quickness of the lightning's
flash, from the full vigor of a manly life, at the age
of forty-nine, he died — one of the most remarkable
deaths on record.

His funeral was attended on the following Sunday
by a vast concourse of people, and he was mourned
by the entire community.

A writer in a public journal describes his appear-
ance, —

"He was nearly six feet in height, finely proportioned, with a very
commanding presence. His was a magnificent form, crowned with a
princely head, that in his last years was thickly covered with snowy hair.
His complexion was just the opposite of Daniel's. His countenance was
open as the day ; his heart was warm and affectionate ; his manners
Idnd and courteous."

Daniel, in a letter written in 1846, thus spoke of
him, —

" He appeared to me the finest human form that over I laid eyes on.
I saw him in his coffin, a tinged cheek, a compiexiou clear as the heav-
enly light."

One who saw him at church, on a cold day the
winter before, speaks of his appearance. It was be-
fore the introduction of a stove. Mr. Webster came
in, wearing a jacket, or "Spencer," as the garment

DANIEL WEBSTER.

BENCH AND BAR.

was called, over his coat, bringing a foot-stove in
his hand, which, with princely politeness, he placed
at the feet of Mrs. Webster, and then took his seat,
and joined reverently in the worship.

He held important trusts: was trustee of Dart-
mouth College from 1819 till his death, and repeat-
edly represented the town in the Legislature.

Daniel Webstee,' whose fame is world wide, lived
the earlier half of his life in New Hampshire. The
son of a Eevolutionary patriot, Capt. Ebenezer Web-
j-ter, and of New Hampshire descent for four genera-
tions, he was born in Salisbury, January 18, 1782. A
feeble constitution pointed him out as fitter for edu-
cation than for the sturdy labors of the farm, and with
self-denial on the part of his parents, and struggle on
his own part, he accomplished his wishes, and gradu-
ated at Dartmouth College in 1801 with honor. His
legal studies he completed under the direction of Hon,
T. W. Thompson, of Salisbury, and Hon. Christopher
Gore, of Boston, where he was admitted an attorney in
1805. He took up his residence at once in Boscawen,
and remained two years a close student of his pro-
fession and of general literature. In 1807 he made
Portsmouth his place of abode, and lived there until
1816, when he removed to Boston. While a resident
of New Hampshire he served two terms as representa-
tive in Congress.

Mr. Webster acquired a high reputation as a lawyer
and a statesman (for he never was a politician) before
he quitted his native State. When he went to Ports-
mouth, at the age of only twenty-five years, he was a
mature man, armed at every point for the battle of
life. Mr. Mason, then in the prime of his unrivaled
powers, describes his first encounter with Webster.
He had heard of him as a formidable antagonist, and
found on trial that he was not over-estimated. Young
and inexperienced as he was, Webster entered the
arena with Mason and Sullivan and Bartlett, and bore
away his full share of the honors. And before he
quitted his New Hampshire home his reputation as
a lawyer and as an advocate of eloquence and power
ranked with the very highest in the land.

Those who heard his addresses to the jury in his
early prime testify that none of his later great efforts
surpassed them — if, indeed, they equaled them — as
examples of earnest, impassioned forensic oratory.
There was a youthful brilliancy and bloom about
those earlier productions that is not found in the
stately works of his maturer years.

In those days, when practitioners made reputations
by special pleading and sharp practice, Mr. Webster
relied little upon mere technicalities or adroit man-
agement. He tried his causes upon their merits, and
with his logical power and eloquent tongue made
short work of trumped-up claims and dishonest de-
fenses. Many traditions attest his commanding in-
fluence over court and jury at this period of his career.

Without being authentic in all particulars, they all
concur in demonstrating that on no legal practitioner
of his time was the popular confidence and admira-
tion so universally bestowed as on Webster.

The events in the life of Mr. Webster from the time
he re-entered Congress from Massachusetts are too
familiar to require special repetition here. He con-
tinued in public life, with the exception of very brief
intervals, up to the time of his decease in 1852. He
was a senator in Congress for seventeen years. He
was twice Secretary of State, and died in possession
of that office. Every public position that he held he
adorned and dignified by eminent patriotic service.

Now that nearly a generation has passed since Mr.
Webster's death, his character is beginning to be es-
timated more justly, and the value of the work he did
for the country has been tested. We see that his sa-
gacity and foresight were far beyond those of his
time ; and his apprehensions for the safety of the
Union were well founded ; that his exhortations to his
countrymen to stand by the flag were honest, neces-
sary, and vitalizing to the patriotism of the people.

The petty assaults that seemed temporarily to ob-
scure his fame have had their brief day, and poster-
ity will recognize the true grandeur of the man, and
value at their just worth the great deeds of his life-
time. As a statesman and a diplomatist, as a vindi-
cator of the Constitution, as a lawyer and an orator,
and, most of all, as a patriot, the country will be for-
tunate if the future shall furnish his peer.

Sylvester Dana graduated at Dartmouth Col-
lege in 1839. He is son of the late Eev. Sylvester
Dana, and is a native of Oxford. He studied law with
Pierce & Fowler and at the Harvard Law School, and
was admitted to the bar in 1842. He soon after
opened an office in Concord, where he has since re-
sided. He is the present police justice of Concord.

JosiAH MisoT graduated at Dartmouth College
in 1837. He studied law and was admitted to the bar
in 1840, and opened an office in Concord. He was
appointed, in 1852, judge of the Court of Common
Pleas, which he resigned, in 1855, to accept the ap-
pointment of commissioner of pensions. He is still
in practice in Concord.

Arthur Fletcher was a native of Bridgewater.
He graduated at Yale College in 1836, and was ad-
mitted to the bar in Concord in 1840, where he re-
mained in practice until his death.

Henry P. Rolfe is one of the older attorneys of
Concord. He is a son of Benjamin Rolfe, and was born
in Boscawen, February 12, 1823. He graduated at
Dartmouth College in 1848, and in 1851 commenced
the practice of law in Concord, where he has since re-
sided.

Henry Adams Bellows,^ chief justice of New
Hampshire, was born at Walpole, N. H., October 25,
1803, and died at Concord, March 11, 1873.

- By Daniel F. Secomb.

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

On the paternal side lie was descended from Gen.
Benjamin Bellows, one of the first settlers of Walpole,
and on the maternal side his immediate ancestors
were members of the Adams and Boylston families of
Massachusetts, his grandfather, Rev. Zabdiel Adams,
of Lunenberg, Mass., being a double cousin to Presi-
dent John Adams.

His father dying, the care of the family devolved
upon him at the age of sixteen years, and for two
years he was engaged in teaching, after which he read
law in the office of Hon. William C. Bradley, of West-
minster, Vt, and commenced practice in Walpole
shortly after, removing to Littleton in 1828 and thence
to Concord in 1850, where he continued in active
practice until he was appointed an associate justice,
in 1859, and on the resignation of Judge Perley, in
September, 1869, he succeeded him as chief justice,
which office he held at the time of his death.

He represented Littleton in the legislature in 1839,
and was one of the representatives of Ward 5, of Con-
cord, in 1856-57. While occupying a seat on the
bench he received the honorary degree of LL.D. from
Dartmouth College.

Judge Bellows was a sound lawyer and an excellent
judge. He was one of the purest-minded men who
ever held public office in the State ; a large-hearted
man in thoughts and deeds, taking an active interest
in benevolent enterprises. A public-spirited citizen,
genial and courteous in his intercourse with men, he
enjoyed the respect and esteem of his associates of
the bar and bench and the community at large.

William Henry Bartlett. ^ — Beneath the
shadow of Kearsage Mountain, in the historic town of
Salisbury, — the home of the Websters and Eastmans
and Bartletts and Pettingills, — William Henry Bart-
lett was born, August 20, 1827. He was the youngest
child of Samuel Colcord and Eleanor Pettingill Bart-
lett. His fether was noted for his vigorous mind, his
great activity and strict integrity ; his mother for the
sweetness of her character, her gentleness and dignity
of manner, and strong, womanly sense ; both for their
pure Christian lives and characters. He was the
nephew of Ichabod Bartlett, of Portsmouth, the co-
temporary at the bar of Mason and Smith and Web-
ster, and the peer of either in learning and eloquence.
The son of such parents could not fail to receive the
impress of their virtues and characters. He was rec-
ognized by all as an interesting child, and a boy of
great promise, both in mind and character. Without
precocity, he was singularly quick of apprehension,
and equally patient and painstaking. While in the
common school, and afterwards at the academy, he
would come with his arithmetic or algebra, and, of
his own accord, sit by the hour working at his prob-
lems, till it was found necessary to send him to his
sports. He never lost that habit of protracted toil to

the end of his life. Perhaps the end was hastened by
the excess. Meanwhile, from his childhood, his
scholarship was of the highest order. In his earlier
school-days he was associated in classes with much
older persons than he, and proved himself fully their
equal. But neither then nor afterwards did his pro-
ficiency create in him the slightest aspect of arro-
gance or conceit; but heremained to the end as mod-
est as he was bright and strong.

His childhood and boyhood were marked by an ex-
tremely kind, obliging and winning disposition. At
home he was helpful and uniformly cheerful and
obliging. It was a marked and peculiar trait in his
character, and steadily deepened into that thoughtful
kindness which, in after years, gained him such un-
broken and universal love.

Young Bartlett entered Meriden Academy at the
age of thirteen, and at fifteen had completed his prep-
aration for college. His friends considered him too
young ; but not seeing how else to occupy him, con-
sented, and in the fall of 1842 he entered the fresh-
man class in this college. The modest and diffident
Bartlett — the youngest member, with possibly a sin-
gle exception — soon became, by universal and cheer-
ful acknowledgment, the leader of his class in point
of scholarship. We were classmates ; and I have no
hesitation in saying, I do not know that I ever met a
finer scholar, and seldom have I encountered a
brighter or stronger intellect. He had a singular
quickness to perceive, a powerful memory to retain,
and a breadth and grasp that subordinated every de-
tail to the whole, and extracted order out of compli-
cation. The modesty with which he bore his academic
honors was only equaled by the sincere affection with
which he was regarded by his classmates.

At the request of his brother Samuel, he left college
during his sophomore year, and pursued his studies
with him at Monson, Mass. There he remained
nearly a year, applying himself with his usual dili-
gence, and endearing himself in the community, so
that the pleasant memory of him there has not been
lost to the present time. He entered the next college
class, graduating in the first rank in 1847. The
" Prophetic Power of Genius " was the subject of his
oration at commencement. Those who knew him
best felt that no prophet was needed to estimate his
maturer character or to anticipate his eminent suc-
cess in whatever calling he might pursue.

At the time of his graduation his brother Samuel
filled a professor's chair in Western Reserve College ;
and, as he was still quite young, it was thought best
that he should spend a year of more general study
before entering upon his professional career. He
accordingly joined a class of graduate students in that
college, and spent a highly profitable year in the
study of history, the German language and the
Greek dramatic poets. Here again his scholarship
and personal qualities made a deep and permanent

impression

his teachers and associates,

that

BENCH AND BAR.

they ever remembered him with a warm personal
interest.

He entered upon the study of the law in Concord
in the otfice of Chief Justice Perley iu 1848, and re-
mained with Judge Perley till he went upon the
bench, in 1850, and afterwards completed his course
of preparation with Chief Justice Bellows, then in
practice at Concord, and was admitted to the bar in
Merrimack County July 9, 1851. How he impressed
those eminent jurists by his fine scholarship, studious
habits, ingenuous disposition and legal attainments is
best told in the language of Judge Perley, written
soon after the death of Judge Bartlett: "Few men,"
wrote Judge Perley, " have excelled him in quick-
ness of apprehension ; and this was a general trait of
his mind, observable in whatever he undertook, — in
his classical and mathematical studies, in the law,
and even in any amusement or recreation in which
he might be led to indulge. There was a playful
ease in his way of doing the most difficult things,
which made them look more like an amusement or a
pastime than an irksome labor. With all his dis-
patch, he was distinguished for accuracy and correct-
ness. It was very seldom that he fell into any mis-
take or blunder. His memory was also tenacious
and exact. In the law he united two things which
are not often found together in the same individual,
— a perfect mastery of principles, with great and
ready recollection of points and authorities."

His relations to Judge Perley were most intimate
and delightful, — in some respects the relation of
equals ; in others, almost of father and son.

His admirable collegiate training, supplemented by
two years of special instruction under the immediate
eye of his learned brother, and his study of the law
under two such eminent legal minds as Judges
Perley and Bellows, prepared him to enter upon the
practice of the law with success assured. We are not
therefore surprised to find him at once taking his
place in the front ranks of the profession, and en-
trusted with a business important not only in the
amounts involved, but especially because of the legal
principles to be examined and applied. From the
start he gave promise of becoming eminent in the
profession, and his subsequent career demonstrated
how well he was appreciated and understood by those
who watched his entrance upon professional life. For
several years he held the office of city solicitor of
Concord, and with what acceptance is best shown by
repeated re-elections without substantial opposition.
The rugged discipline of ten years' practice in the
courts of New Hampshire afforded him an admirable
school of training for the faithful and honorable dis-
charge of his subsequent duties upon the bench. In
1857 his health, until then apparently perfect, be-
came impaired, and thenceforward to his death, ten
years afterwards, his work at the bar and upon the
bench was done while struggling against the inroads
of unrelenting disease. His overtasked phys

frame was shattered, but his intellect shone un-
clouded to the end.

While his success in the profession was assured, it
is not claimed that he did or would have taken the
first rank as an advocate. As Judge Perley puts it,
" It is not impossible that he might have been found
wanting in a certain boldness and confidence of
manner and style which would now seem to be
thought requisite in those who aspire to take the lead

that turbulent and noisy department of our pro-
fession."

Owing to the logical cast of his mind, he appeared
to best advantage in matters of special pleading, in
the preparation of briefs and in the investigation and
argument of questions of law before the court in banc.
The more difficult the question, the greater delight
he seemed to take in its solution. He was often con-
sulted by his brethren upon questions in regard to
which they were in doubt, and frequently wrote
opinions for their guidance.

His high sense of professional honor led him to re-
gard the profession as an office, and not as a trade.
Accordingly, to witnesses he was fair and respectful ;
to the bench he was deferential without being obse-
quious ; and to his professional brethren he was
dignified and courteous. As Judge Curtis said of
Rufus Choate, "He showed that forensic strife is
consistent with uniform personal kindness and
gentleness of demeanor; that mere smartness, or ag-
gressive and irritating captiousness, has nothing to do
with the most effective conduct of a cause ; that the
business of an advocate is with the law and the
evidence, and not in provoking or humbling an op-
ponent ; that wrangling, and the irritations which
spring from it, obstruct the course of justice, and are
indeed twice cursed, for they injure him who gives
and him who receives."

Judge Bartlett was a lawyer of great research. He
seemed to have an instinctive clinging to authorities.
He could find readily what others could not. He had
a great mastery of cases, such as few ever have ; but
he was not a case lawyer. He had a legal instinct or
genius by which he could extract, from what to
others seemed a chaos of conflicting decisions, the
true legal principle, and put it in the smallest
possible compass. He distilled the spirit from the
dilution, appropriating the gold and rejecting the
dross.

It must not be inferred that he was not positive in
his opinions, or was not sufficiently firm in maintain-
ing opinions deliberately formed. We have on this
point the testimony of Judge Perley, that " he had
nothing of that facility which yields in substantial
matters to importunity and over-persuasion. He was
very firm in his opinions and judgments when once
formed, and perfectly fearless in acting on them
when duty appeared to require it."

We come now to the period when he " put off the
gown of the l)ar to assume the more graceful and

HISTOKY OP MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

reverend ermine of the bencli." In 1861 a vacancy
occurred upon the bench of the Supreme Court of
New Hampshire. The foremost lawyers of the State
refused to be candidates, because they understood
that he might be persuaded to accept the appoint-
ment. In obedience to the united voice of the pro-
fession, he was at once (February 23, 1861) appointed
associate justice. The court at that time consisted of
Bell, chief justice, and Sargent, Bellows, Doe and
Nesmith, associate justices. No change occurred in
the composition of the court while Judge Bartlett
lived, except the reappointment of Judge Perley as
chief justice upon the resignation of Judge Bell in
1864. At no period in the history of the State has
there been a stronger court. Five of the six judges
with whom he was associated have held the office of
chief justice. His selection from a bar containing so
many lawyers of established reputation, to be the as-
sociate of judges of such eminent ability, shows in
what estimation his legal attainments and qualifica-
tions were held.

Eufus Choate thus describes the qualifications of
the good judge : " In the first place, he should be
profoundly learned in all the learning of the law, and
he must know how to use that learning. ... In
the next place, he must be a man not merely upright,
not merely honest and well-intentioued, — this, of
course, — but a man who will not respect persons in
judgment. . . . And, finally, he must possess the
perfect confidence of the community, that he bear
not the sword in vain. To be honest, to be no re-
specter of persons, is not enough. He must be be-
lieved such." We shall see how well Judge Bartlett
answered these requirements.

His legal learning was profound. He had an ex-
traordinary genius for learning everything quickly
and accurately, and remembering it during life, and
without effort. We have shining and encouraging
examples of what can be done by men of moderate
abilities. Judge Bartlett was not of that class, and,
therefore, as an example, he is worth far less than
many others. As a brilliant legal scholar, a brilliant
legal thinker and practical logician, capable of ap-
plying ancient legal principles to the facts of new-
cases, and w-orking out for the benefit of modern life
the best results of that common law that has been
constantly growing out of the last thousand years of
English and American civilization, he was not sur-
passed by any one judge who has sat upon the bench
of New Hampshire. It is not uncommon for a man
of intellect to succeed in mastering much of the
special doctrine and general theory of the law, and to
fail as a practicing lawyer and working judge from a
lack of ability rightly to apply his learning to the
varying and novel circumstances that constitute most
of the cases that are carried to the office of a lawyer
and to the court.s of justice. Nearly infallible as
Judge Bartlett was in his opinion on an abstract
qucsticm of law, he e<iually excelled in perceiving

what rule was applicable to each case. His remark-
able powers were equally accurate in theory and
practice.

All great lawyers are naturally conservative ; so
was Judge Bartlett. Generally inclined to follow
precedents, he was strong enough to disregard them
when they disregarded fundamental principles.
Witness his opinion in Baasett v. Salisbury Manufac-
turing Company, 43 N. H. 569. The action was case
for maintaining a dam, thereby causing water to per-
colate through the plaintiff's meadow. On the fifth
jury trial, the present chief justice presided, and
ruled the law in accordance with the English case of
Acton V. Blundell, 12 M. & W. 324, and numerous
cases that followed in its train. The cause -was
carried to the full bench on exceptions, and an
opinion prepared affirming the ruling of the court
below, which received the assent of a majority of the
court ; but the judge who drew up the opinion re-
signed, and the cause was continued for further ex-
amination, and assigned to Judge Bartlett, who suc-
ceeded him upon the bench. Few cases have re-
ceived such careful consideration (50 N. H. 444).
Four opinions were drawn up by different members
of the court, of which three sustained the English
doctrine. The opinion published in the reports was
drawn up by Judge Bartlett, at the sea-shore, when
in feeble health and hardly able to be about. It re-
versed the English authorities, those of a majority of
the States, the decision of the court below and the
opinions of all his associates except one ; yet, when
read in consultation, every judge yielded his objec-
tions and assented to the opinion, because it was
found unanswerable. But for him, the contrary er-
roneous doctrine would have been established in New
Hampshire. The logic of the opinion, and its clear
and precise style, are only equaled by the modesty
which marked his dissent from the English and
American authorities.

As illustrating his way of summing up a case and
instructing a jury, I might cite Hayes v. Waldron, 44
N. H. 580, where his charge is fully reported, and so
admirably and clearly did it set forth the law of the
case, that little was left for the judge who delivered
the opinion in banc except to adopt the reasoning
and substance of the charge.

The decisions of the court, written and delivered
by him, will be his lasting monument. Models of
brevity, of perspicuous statement and logical deduc-
tion, of legal thought, and literary, unornamented
style, they will endure. But they are very brief.
Those that are published are but a small part of his
work, and will carry to other generations a very in-
adequate idea of how much was lost at his decease.
His associates at the bar and on the bench, who en-
joyed the benefits of a personal acquaintance with
him, and felt the refreshing power of his fellowship,
will never lose the benefit of his personal infiuence,
nor cease to grieve that he did not live to lead them

BENCH AND BAR.

to the end of their labors. It was not an uncommon
thing for him, whether he delivered the judgment or
not, to cause a decision to be put upon ground not
thought of by other members of the court or by-
counsel. His learning was so complete, and his
grasp of the law and facts so comprehensive, that
while he seldom changed in consultation an opinion
he had formed in his library, other members of the
court not infrequently found occasion to correct theirs
by the light of his expositions.

Judge Perley says of him, — " When he went upon
the bench, his high qualifications, for the oiflce were
at once recognized by the legal profession. His
youthful appearance, his unpretending manners and
his easy and rapid way of dispatching business
might have led a careless observer to fear that he
would be found wanting in solidity and soundness of
judgment; but the character of his mind was emi-
nently judicial. His examination of authority in
cases which required it w.is faithful and exhaustive.
He weighed conflicting arguments and reasons with
equal impartiality. He had great sagacity in per-
ceiving the practical bearing of any question under
consideration, and its connection with the whole
complete system of the law ; and his opinions and
rulings were received with the greatest respect and
deference by the legal profession throughout the
State. In presiding over trials, I never learned that
he was known, in the most irritating circumstances,
to lose the sweetness and equanimity of his own
temper, and he often had the rare felicity of winning
from both sides the commendation of perfect fairness
and impartiality."

Judge Bartlett never failed to show that he had the
courage of his convictions whenever the occasion
called for it. Witness his action upon the Soldiers'
Voting Bill, so called, introduced in 1863 in the midst
of political excitement, when he united with three
other members of the court in an opinion which set
aside the act as a violation of the constitution.

In 1866 Wiis passed, under similar circumstances,
an act disfranchising deserters from the army, the
constitutionality of which was brought before the
full bench. Not long before his death he drew up an
opinion setting aside this act, also, as a plain viola-
tion of the fundamental law of the land. The fact
in some way came to the knowledge of the Legisla-
ture, which forthwith did itself and him the honor to
repeal the law before the opinion could be read in
court.

History tells us that the celebrated court of the
Areopagus, when Athens was at the height of its
civilization, sat in the dark, that the judges might
not see or know who were the suitors, and so be en-
abled to dispense impartial justice. I suppose for the
same reason the Goddess of Justice is represented
with eyes blindfolded, that her hand may feel the
" trepidations of the balance," uninfluenced by the
presence or appearance of the contending parties.

All systems of judicial tenure suppose judges to be
imperfect because mortal. The constitution recog-
nizes this in that clause which secures the right to
the subject "to be tried by judges as impartial as the
lot of humanity will admit."

But I do not hesitate to say, that if there ever was
a judge who was a living personification of the blind-
fold goddess ; one who watched not the faces of his
suitors, to inquire who they were, or what their
standing or influence, but only the movements of the
scales held in an even hand ; one who, unlike his
ancient brethren of Athens, had no need to sit in the
dark, because wholly oblivious to all surrounding
circumstances ; one who, when a whole city, Athens-
like, came "to demand that the cup of hemlock be
put to the lips of the wisest of men," would deliver
him if he believed he " had not corrupted the youth,
nor omitted to worship the gods of the city, nor
introduced new divinities of his own," — such an one
was Judge Bartlett.

His good-fellowship placed him on terms of inti-
macy with his brethren of the bar; but no one
presumed, on the strength of former intimacy, or
of close and friendly relations, to influence his rulings
or decisions; or, if any one did so far forget himself,
the success of the attempt was not such as to encour-
age its repetition.

It must not be inferred that, while he was noted
for his patient, courteous and urbane manners, he
was tolerant of fraud, or failed to rebuke chicanery or
improper interference with the course of justice. On
such occasion he

" Carried anger as the flint bears fire,
Which, much enforced, shows a hasty spark,
And straight is cold again."

The testimony of one of his associates ' upon the
bench affords a fitting close to this review of Judge
Bartlett's judicial life, —

" His career was brief, but it was long enough to satisfy those who
knew him best, and whose judgment was trustworthy, that, with life and
health, lio would have become the great American jurist of his generation.
No mental or mora! weakness impaired the operation or influence of his
great powers.

"There have been great men who were not loved, and did not deserve
to be loved. There have been good men who were not great. Here was
a man equally great and good ; equally superior Ii.\ ii;itiiir ..n II]..- intel-
lectual and on the moral side. Incapable of !.*lri>liiir— , (■ii\v m ;iii,v
meanness, whole-souled in tlie best sense, incap;iMc t uiiniii^ :'ii un-
kind word or entertaining an unkind feeling, he wmuM l|;iv.: |i;nl ultly
pity for his enemies, if it had been possible for him to have an enetny.
He had neither a single enemy, nor a single cold or indiflerent friend.
He involuntarily held all whom he met, bound to him by those ties of
afTection whicli draw all men to u character the most amiable and lovely
aswell as by tIin-1- li,^ ,.r rrvit.iKe which draw all men to mental su-
premacy. M'ith li.:iliii Ml. I li!. , ^vhjit a judge he would have become!
And, what is *■ hhk h hi.-v {■■ u.: suid, with health and life, what a
teacher andiead-jr ul^uulh- uliut a head of an educational institution —
he would have been ! Where he presided, there was no thought of legal
power provided for the maintenance of judicial dignity. In him all men
recognized the unconscious majesty of the law, and the unconscious
majesty of whatever is greatest and best in human nature. With such
as he in many places of government and personal control, it would not

Chief Justice Doe.

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

There is another aspect of Judge Bartlett's char-
acter which, although already considered to some
extent, because so closely interwoven with his intel-
lectual character, yet remains to be spoken of. I
allude to his moral and Christian virtues. He was
valued more for his character than for his intellect.
He was witty, bright and genial, faithful and judi-
cious; a thoughtful friend, a self-denying brother, a
most affectionate son and husband. His professional
life was passed in the near vicinity of his native town;
and, in their declining years, the hearts of his parents
turned much and constantly to him for sympathy and
kindly care, and never were they disappointed. He
visited and wrote to them often ; and for years, what-
ever were his engagements, almost never did a Mon-
day pass without bringing them an affectionate letter.
Aud during the last months of his life, it was an
occasion of almost uncontrollable grief to him that he
had been frustrated of being present to comfort the
last hours of his father not long before.

In his own home he seemed to be whatever a host
and a husband ought to be.' So warmly was he at-
tached to his home, and to her who was its star and
its light, that he was loath to leave it, even when
called away by professional engagements. The one
trait that fixes itself most deeply in the memory of his
friends is the kindly spirit that, in his maturer years,
followed him in all his relations, and made him always
considerate of the feelings, and actively attentive to
the wants, of all around him. It was a pleasure to
him to make others happy ; and he loved to do a kind
office to those who could not repay. It seems, as we
look back upon it, the practical benevolence of the
gospel. He became a diligent and deeply-interested
reader of the Scriptures ; and to those who knew him
best, he seemed to exemplify the spirit of the gospel
in a most important aspect.

At the close of the summer of 1867 he returned to
his home from the sea-shore, without having been
benefited by the invigorating air of the ocean. For a
few days he struggled cheerfully against physical
weakness and disease, — more for the sake of others,
perhaps, than for himself, — his pallid countenance
illumined as with the lustre of a beautiful spirit. On
Tuesday, September 24th, as gently as a child falls
asleep, without pain or a struggle, consciousness pre-
served to the last moment, that life, which had been
so noble and beautiful, changed its course, as a river,
to a smoother channel, and put on immortality.
Three days later, on a bright and beautiful day in
early autumn, his professional brethren, representing
nearly every county in the State, and the surviving
members of the court, with Ms inconsolable relatives,

1 May 8, 1856, he was married to Miss Caroline Baker, daughter of the
late Abel Baker, Esq., of Concord, and sister of the late ex-Governor
Nathoniel B. Baker. Mrs. Bartlett survives her husband and still re-
sides in Concord.

in tenderness committed to his mother earth all that
was mortal of him who had been a dutiful child, a
quick and ready scholar, a profound lawyer, an up-
right magistrate, an affectionate brother and devoted
husband, to rest -till the resurrection morning.

Ira Perley was born in Boxford, Mass., No-
vember 9, 1799. He graduated from Dartmouth Col-
lege in the class of 1822 and was tutor in that insti-
tution from 1823 to 1825. He read law with Benjamin
J. Gilbert, of Hanover, and commenced practice in
that town in 1827. Here he remained until 1834,
when he removed,to Concord, where he resided until
his death.

Upon his removal to Concord he soon acquired a
large practice, and ranked among the leaders at the
Merrimack bar. In July, 1850, he was appointed a
justice in the Superior Court of this State, which
position he held until October, 1852, when he resigned
and resumed the practice of law. In 1855 he was
appointed chief-justice of the Supreme Judicial
Court, and held the position until 1859, when he
resigned and again resumed the practice of law. In
1864 he was appointed chief justice of the same court,
and held the position until September, 1869.

Judge Perley had no taste for political office, but
served at three different times as a member of the
House of Representatives, — first from Hanover in 1834
and from Concord in 1839 and 1870. He received
the degree of LL.D. from Dartmouth College in
1852. He manifested an interest in historical matters,
and for several years was an active member of the
New Hampshire Historical Society and was vice-
president of the New England Historic Genealogical
Society at the time of his death.

As a scholar. Judge Perley ranked among the fore,
most in the State and in New England. He kept up
his interest in classics to the day of his death, and
read German, French and Italian with readiness. In
social life he was modest and unassuming, but was
nevertheless a rare conversationalist.

In January, 1840, he united in marriage with ilary
L. Nelson, of Haverhill. Judge Perley died February
26, 1874.

John Y. Mugridge was born in Laconia, N. H.,
then a part of Meredith, April 15, 1832. He received
his preparatory education at the Gilford Academy
and commenced the study of the law in the office of
Colonel Thomas J. Whipple, in Laconia. He con-
cluded his studies with the late Hon. Asa Fowler, of
Concord, with whom he formed a copartnership for
the practice of his profession soon after his admission
to the bar, in 1854. He was subsequently in partner-
ship with Hon. Josiah Minot and later with Hon.
Mason W. Tappan, but at the time of his death was
alone in practice. Mr. Mugridge never sought polit-
ical preference, but devoted himself almost entirely
to his profession. He served as city solicitor from
1861 to 1868, was a representative in the Legislature
in 1863 and 1864, Senator from the old Fourth Dis-

l&i^ lud

K^(b9m&'

BENCH AND BAR.

trict in 1868 and 1869, being president of the Senate
the latter year, and again representative in 1875.

As a lawyer Mr. Mugridge lield a commanding
position at the Merrimack bar, and probably enjoyed
a more extensive practice than any other man in the
county, especially excelling in criminal cases. He
was a man of great personal popularity, had a large
heart, full of generous impulses, and he gave them
free course in all the relations of life. He was a
Republican in politics.

Hon. Asa Fowler. — The origin of the name and
the antiquity of the family of Fowler in England
have never been ascertained. It is probable, from
the large number of families of that name known to
have existed in various sections of that country early
in the sixteenth century, and the high standing of
some of them, that the name was adopted soon after
.surnames came to be used. Edward Fowler, eldest
son and heir of Sir Richard Q. Fowler, is said to have
entertained Queen Catharine of Arragon at his
manor, near Buckingham, in September, 1514.
Froude, in his " History of England," vol. v. pp. 129
and 131, mentions John Fowler, a member, in 1547, of
the household of King Edward VI., who was so influ-
ential with that young monarch that he was em-
ployed by Lord Seymour to secure the royal assent to
his contemplated marriage with the Princess, after-
wards Queen, Elizabeth, and subsequently the royal
approval of his already secretly accomplished mar-
riage with Catharine Parr, widow of Henry VIII.
Christopher Fowler, an English clergyman, born in
1611, left the Established Church in 1641 and joined
the Presbyterians, among whom he became eminent,
and died in 1676. John Fowler, a learned printer,
born in Bristol, removed his press to Antwerp more
eftectually to aid the Catholics, and died in 1579.
Edward Fowler, born at Westerleigh in 1632, was
distinguished as a divine, published a discourse on
" The Design of Christianity" in 1676, which Bunyan
attacked, and another on " Christian Liberty" in 1680 ;
was made bishop of Gloucester in 1691, and died in
1714. William Fowler, born about 1560, — died in
1614, — was one of the poets that frequented the court
of James VI., whose works have been preserved.
He was a lawyer and clergyman, as well as a poet.

The Fowlers in this country, now quite numerous,
as their namesakes were in England three centuries
ago, and are still more so at the present day, sprang
fr(jm several different pioneer ancestors who emigrated
to America from various parts of England at different
periods, and, so far as known, were in no way related
to each other. The subject of this sketch is of the
sixth generation in lineal descent from one of the
founders of New England, the common ancestor of
the great majority of the Fowlers in Massachusetts,
and of most, if not all, of those in Maine, New
Hampshire and Vermont.'

I For a sketch of the

of Judge Fowler \

i greatly indebted

Philip Fowler, Si:, born about 1590 in the ancient
town of Marlborough, in the county of Wiltshire,
England, where no less than five families of Fowlers
are shown by the records to have been living contem-
poraneously early in the seventeenth century, tame
from thence with his family to Massachusetts in 1634
in the ship " Mary and John," of London, having
taken the oath of allegiance and supremacy to qualify'
him as a passenger at Southampton on the 24th of
March. He must have embarked in February, since,
by an order of Council, dated February 24th, the ves-
sel was detained in the Thames until the captain
gave bond in one hundred pounds, conditional,
among other things, that the service of the Church of
England should be read daily on board and attended
by the passengers, and also that the adult male pas-
sengers should take the oath of allegiance and su-
premacy. All this having been done, the ship was
allowed to proceed on her voyage, but did not reach
New England until May. September 3, 1634, he was
admitted freeman at Boston ; obtained a grant of
land in Ipswich the same year, on which he settled in
1635, and where he resided until his death, on the
24th of June, 1679, at the age of eighty-eight. Dur-
ing his long life he made a variety of records, but
none that any descendant need blush to read. It is
remarkable that his homestead in Ipswich has ever
since been, and still is, occupied by one of his de-
scendants bearing the family name. His wife, Mary,
mother of his children, died August 30, 1659, and he
again married, February 27, 1660, Mary, widow of
George Norton, early of Salem, afterwards Repre-
sentative from Gloucester. There came over in the
same ship with Philip Fowler, Sr., and family, his
daughter, Margaret, and her hu.sband, Christopher
Osgood, whom she had married the previous year,
and who was the common ancestor of most of the
Osgoods of Massachusetts and New Hampshire.

Joseph Fowler, son of Philip, Sr., born in England,
date unknown, married, in Ipswich, Mass., Martha
Kimball, who came over from Ipswich, England, in
1634, in the ship " Elizabeth," with her parents, and
is stated to have been then five years of age. Her
father, Richard Kimball, settled in Ipswich, Mass.,
and is believed to have been the ancestor of nearly
all the Kimballs in this country. His wife, Ursula
Scott, was the daughter of the widow Martha Scott,
who came over with the Kimballs at the age of sixty,
supposed to have been the wife of Hon. John Scott,
of Scott's Hall, Kent County, England. Joseph
Fowler was killed by the Indians near Deerfield,
Mass., May 19, 1676, on his return from the Falls
fight. He was a tanner by trade.

Philip Fowler (second), eldest son of Joseph, was

to JIatthew ,\. Stickney, Esq., of Salem, Mass., author of the admirable
genealogy of the Stickney family, who is preparing for publication the
genealogy of the Ipswich family of Fowler*, from which he ifi de-
scended.

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

born in Ipswich, Mass., December 25, 1648. When
only two or three years of age, he was adopted, with
the consent of his parents, by his grandfather, Philip,
Sr., who made him his heir by deed dated December

23, 1668. He received the rudiments of his educa-
tion at the famous school kept by Ezekiel Cheever.
He was a man of superior ability, and as a merchant,
deputy marshal and attorney quite distinguished.
He acquired a large landed estate, which he divided
by deeds of gift among his four sons, a valuable farm
to each. He married, January 20, 1674, Elizabeth
Herrick, born about July 4, 1647. He died Novem-
ber 16, 1715. His wife died May 6, 1727. She was
the daughter of Henry and Editha (Laskin) Herrick.
Henry Herrick, born at Bean Manor in 1604, was the
son of Sir William Herrick, and came from Leices-
ter, England, to Salem, Mass., where he arrived June

24, 1629.

Philip Fowler (thiid), ninth child of Philip (second),
was born in Ipswich, Mass., in October, 1691 ; mar-
ried there, July 5, 1716, Susanna Jacob, daughter of
Joseph and Susanna (Symonds) Jacob, and great-
granddaughter of Deputy Governor Samuel Symonds,
of that town. He is reported to have fitted for Har-
vard College, but did not enter, engaging instead in
trade and carrying on the tanning business, until he
sold out and removed to New Market, N. H., in May,
1743, where he died May 16, 1767. His widow died
there in 1773. Before removing to New Market he
purchased of his brother-in-law, Joseph Jacob, for
the consideration of two thousand pounds, two hun-
dred and thirty-six acres of land in " New Market,
in the township of Exeter and province of New
Hampshire, with two houses and two barns thereon."
The deed is dated February 14, 1737. For fifty-six
acres of this land, including the homestead, he was
sued by Josiah Hilton in 1760, and after two trials,
one in the Common Pleas and the other in the Su-
perior Court, both resulting in verdicts in Fowler's
favor, Hilton appealed to the Governor and Council,
some of whom were directly interested in the event
of the suit as lessors of the plaintilT, and they, in
1764, rendered judgment in favor of Hilton, from
which the defendant appealed to the King in Council
and furnished bonds to prosecute his appeal in Eng-
land. The Governor and Council granted this appeal,
which vacated their judgment, and then at once
issued a writ of possession founded thereon, upon
which Fowler was turned out of the laud and com-
pelled to pay costs. He had executed his will May
22, 1754, therein devising his large landed estate to
his three sons, — Philip, Jacob and Symonds, — and re-
quiring them to pay legacies to his daughters. The
land in controversy with Hilton was devised to the
two former sons. Theappeal was prosecuted in Eng-
land by the father and these devisees until after the
Declaration of American Independence, and in 1777
the Legislature of New Hampshire passed an act
authorizing these devisees to bring an action of re-

view in the Superior Court for Rockingham County
to determine the title to this land. Such action was
brought by them, and at the September terra, 1778,
of that court, they recovered judgment for the land,
costs of court and costs of former litigation. On the
14th of September, 1778, the sheriff put them into
possession of the property from which their father
had been wrongfully ejected fourteen years before.
Sarah, daughter of Philip, one of these sons, was the
wife of Governor William Plumer and the mother of
his children.

Symonds Fowler, the tenth of fourteen children of
Philip (third), born in Ipswich, Mass., August 20,
1734, removed to New Market, N. H.,with his father,
in 1743, where he married, July 12, 1756, Hannah
Weeks, born in the old brick house in Greenland,
N. H., August 12, 1738. By the will of his father he
inherited a farm adjoining the station at New Mar-
ket Junction, on the Concord and Portsmouth and Bos-
ton and Maine Railroads, upon which he lived un-
til he removed, in 1778, to a farm in the western part
of Epsom, N. H., upon Suncook River, where he re-
sided until his death, April 6, 1821. His wife, Han-
nah, died there December 9, 1807.

Benjamin Fowler, the sixth of eleven children
of Symonds, was born at New Market, N. H., June
16, 1769; removed with his father to Epsom, N. H., in
1778; married in Pembroke, N. H., January 15, 1795.
Mehitable Ladd, only child of John and Jerusha
(Lovejoy) Ladd, of that town, and granddaughter of
Captain Trueworthy and Mehitable (Harriman)
Ladd, of Kingston, N. H. He settled in Pembroke,
after his marriage, on a farm he purchased, and died
there July 24, 1832. His widow survived him until
September 9, 1853.

Asa Fowler, the ninth of eleven children of Benja-
min and Mehitable (Ladd) Fowler, was born in Pem-
broke, N. H., February 23, 1811. His childhood
was spent on his father's farm, his means of educa-
tion after he was seven or eight years of age being
limited to eight or nine weeks of winter school, his
services after that age in summer being required in
farm-work. There were very few books to which he
had access, except the Bible and ordinary school-
books, and his early reading was confined to these.
At the age of fourteen he had a very severe attack of
typhoid fever, which left him in such enfeebled con-
dition as to be incapable of severe manual labor. Un -
der these circumstances he was sent to the Blanchard
Academy, in his native town, then under the charge
of Hon. John Vose, but with no other intention than
that he might become qualified to instruct a com-
mon district school. But with opportunity to learn
and to read, a desire for a liberal education was
awakened, and, by alternately working upon his
father's farm in the spring and summer, attending
the academy in the fall and teaching school in win-
ter, he succeeded in not only fitting himself for col-
lege, but in preparing to enter the sophomore class.

BENCH AND BAR.

having attended school only sixty weeks after he
commenced the study of Latin. With so meagre and
defective a training, he entered the sophomore class
at Dartmouth College at the opening of the fall term,
1830, and although he taught school every winter,
was able, nevertheless, to maintain a highly respect-
able standing until his graduation, in 1833, when,
among the parts assigned to the graduating class ac-
cording to scholarship, an English oration was given
him. He was never absent or unprepared at any re-
citation during his three years' course. In his junior
year he was elected a member of the Phi Beta Kappa
Society, as being in the first third of his class. He
has never sought or received any honorary degree
from his Alma Mater. After leaving college he
taught the academy at Topsfield, Mass., for a single
term in the fall of 1833, thereby raising sufficient
funds to liquidate all indebtedness incurred to defray
his college expenses, over and above what he received
from his father's estate. Immediately upon lea\-ing
Topsfield, having determined to adopt the legal pro-
fession, he entered his name as a student in the office
of James Sullivan, Esq., then in practice in Pem-
broke, occupying the office of the Hon. Boswell Stev-
ens, disabled by a paralytic attack, from which he
never recovered. He continued to read books fi-om
Mr. Sullivan's library through the following winter.
In March, 1834, he came to Concord, N. H., where
he has since resided, and entered the office of Hon.
Charles H. Peaslee, then a rising young lawyer, and
continued with him until admitted to the Merrimack
County bar, in February, 1837. While a student in
General Peaslee's office, he and Hon. Moody Currier,
then a teacher in Concord, undertook the editorship,
as a matter of amusement and with no hope of pecu-
niary reward, of a small literary paper, called the
JAteranj Gazette. It was published weekly for six
months, and then once a fortnight for another six
months. After Mr. Currier retired from the editor-
ship, Cyrus P. Bradley, a youth of wonderful preco-
city, and the author, when a mere boy, of a " Life of
Governor Isaac Hill," became associated with Mr.
Fowler in the management of the Gazette. During a
considerable portion of the period in which he pur-
sued the study of the law, Mr. Fowler supported him-
self by writing for other papers. In June, 1835, he
was elected clerk of the New Hampshire Senate,
which office he continued to hold by annual elec-
tions for six successive years, discharging its duties to
universal satisfaction. In 1846 he was appointed by
the Hon. Levi Woodbury United States commis-
sioner for the district of New Hampshire, which of-
fice he held at the time of his death. In 1845 he was
a member of the New Hampshire House of Repre-
sentatives from Concord and served as chairman of
the judiciary committee. Again, in 1847 and 1848,
he was one of the Representatives of Concord in that
l)ndy and served upon the same committee in both
years. In 1855 he was nominated by the Independ-

ent Democrats, or Free-Soilers, as their candidate for
Governor, and was frequently assured by prominent
Know-Nothings that if he would join their order he
might and would be made their candidate, also; but
he was deaf to all such suggestions. After that party
came into power and decided to change the judiciary
system of the State, he was engaged to draft the bill
for that purpose, which subsequently became a law.
Afterwards, at the earnest and repeated solicitation
of Governor Metcalf, although at first he absolutely
declined to do so, he accepted a position on the
bench of the Supreme Court as associate justice,
which he continued to hold, at a great pecuniary
sacrifice, from August 1, 1855, to February 1, 1861,
when he voluntarily resigned it. During this period
of five and- a half years he performed his full share of
the arduous labors of a judge of our highest judicial
tribunal, and gave general satisfaction to the bar and
the public. If his opinions at the law terms as re-
ported are not so labored as those of some of his asso-
ciates, they are more numerous and not less sound
and clear.

Immediately upon his resignation, Judge Fowler
was appointed by the Governor and Council a dele-
gate from New Hampshire to the Peace Congress,
which met in Washington in February, 1861, for the
purpose of averting, if possible, the threatened se-
cession of the Southern States from the Union, and
continued its sessions through the entire month. His
associate delegates were Hon. Levi Chamberlain, of
Keene, and Hon. Amos Tuck, of Exeter. In 1861 he
was appointed solicitor for the county of Merrimack,
and held the office until he resigned, in 1865, upon his
being appointed one of the commissioners to revise
the statutes of the State. He was associated in that
commission with Hon. Samuel D. Bell, of Manchester,
and Hon. George Y. Sawyer, of Nashua. Upon it he
labored diligently and successfully, alone superin-
tending the printing of the commissioners' report,
and, subsequently, the printing of the General Stat-
utes as finally adopted by the Legislature of 1867.
He also attended almost constantly, during the whole
period of that Legislature, upon the sessions of the
joint select committee to whom the report of the
commissioners was referred, and greatly aided in
procuring the speedy action of that committee, and
the final adoption of the report of the commissioners,
as amended by the General Court, without protract-
ing the session beyond its usual length. In 1871 and
again in 1872, Judge Fowler was a member of the
House of Representatives from Ward Six, in Concord,
serving on the judiciary committee in 1871, and pre-
siding over the deliberations of the House, as Speaker,
in 1872, with dignity, impartiality and complete
success.

Judge Fowler was one of the most diligent, labori-
ous and successful lawyers in the State, and the ex-
tent of his practice for many years has rarely been
exceeded. In September, 1838, after practicing alone

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

for a year and a half, he formed a co-jjartnership with
the late President Pierce, which continued until April,
1S45. During this period of six years and a half,
their practice was probably as extensive as that of
any individual or firm in the State. General Pierce
engaged in the trial of causes as an advocate in nearly
every county, while Judge Fowler attended chiefly
to office business, the preparation of causes for trial
and briefs for argument at the law terms of court.
Hon. John Y. Mugridge completed his preparatory
studies in Judge Fowler's office, and upon his ad-
mission to the bar, in 1854, Judge Fowler formed a
business connection with him for one year, which
expired about the time of Judge Fowler's appoint-
ment to the bench. Soon after his resignation of the
judgeship, in 1861, he entered into partnership with
Hon. William E. Chandler, which continued until
Mr. Chandler's appointment as Solicitor of the Na-vy,
in 1864.

During his long residence in Concord, Judge Fow-
ler was quite familiar with the forms of legislation,
and probably drafted more bills for our Legislature
than any other man, living or dead. He originated
many laws and procured their enactment, when not a
member of the Legislature. Among those thus orig-
inated and procured to be enacted may be mentioned
the statute authorizing school districts to unite for
the purpose of maintaining High Schools, and that
authorizing towns to establish and maintain public
libraries. He worked zealously with General Peaslee
to secure the establishment of the Asylum for the
Insane, was very active and persistent in securing
the establishment of a Public Library in Concord
and a High School in Union District. He always
showed a deep interest in the cause of public educa-
tion, and for more than twenty successive years
served as prudential committee or a member of the
Board of Education in Concord. He was always fond
of literary pursuits, and has an extensive and well-
selected miscellaneous library. For the last three or
four years of his life he belonged to a class in
English Literature, whose weekly meetings, during
the winter season, were devoted, with much pleasure
and profit, to reading the works and discussing the
lives, character and times of English and American
authors of reputation. He was more or less connected
with various moneyed institutions. He was a director
of the State Capital Bank from its organization under
a State charter until his appointment to the bench,
when he resigned. He was a director and president
of the First National Bank from its organization until
he lost confidence in its cashier, when he disposed of
his stock and resigned. He was for many years a
director of the Manchester and Lawrence Railroad,
and for several years its president. In his religious
sentiments he was a liberal Unitarian, and took a
jirnminent part in the work of the society in Concord,
serving for several years as the superintendent of its
Sunday-school, and showing his interest in it by

leaving it a legacy of one thousand dollars in his will,
the interest on which sum to be devoted to the support
of liberal preaching. Educated a Democrat, but with
strong anti-slavery convictions, he acted with the
Democratic party until its devotion to the extension
of slavery compelled its abandonment in 1846, and
for the next ten years he acted as an Independent
Democrat. Upon the formation of the Republican
party he joined it, and continued in its ranks until, in
1875, he resumed his connection with the Democracy.

In the spring of 1877, forty years from his admis-
sion to the bar. Judge Fowler determined to retire
from active practice. A severe illness in the fall of
that year confirmed his resolution. Before his full
recovery, by the advice of his physician, he decided
to visit Europe. Accompanied by his wife, daughter
and third son, he left Boston on the 13th of April,
1878, and returned to New York on the 17th of Oc-
tober following, having, during his absence, visited the
principal points of interest in England, Scotland,
Ireland, Italy, Switzerland, Bavaria, Austria, Bohe-
mia, Saxony, Prussia, Hanover, Holland, Belgium,
Germany and France. He returned home with re-
newed strength and energy, and passed the next four
years in the full enjoyment of health and happiness,
in the quiet of his pleasant home in Concord and his
beautiful cottage by the sea, near Rye Beach.

In October, 1882, the great sorrow of his life came
upon him in the loss of his dearly-beloved wife, after
a long and painful illness. He had been peculiarly
fortunate in his domestic relations. On the 13th of
July, 1837, he married the daughter of Robert and
Polly Dole (Cilley) Knox, of Epsom, N. H., and
granddaughter of General Joseph Cilley, of the Rev-
olution, Mary Dole Cilley Knox, by whom he had
five children, — four sons and one daughter, — all now
living.

In the winter of 1882-83, Judge Fowler had a
severe attack of gastric fever at Richmond, Va., while
on his way to Florida for his health. After a long
convalescence at St. Augustine, Fla., he fully re-
covered his health and spent the entire winter and
spring in the South.

In November, 1883, he again went abroad, spend-
ing six delightful months in Nice, Mentone and Italy,
returning in May to New Hampshire after a month's
sojourn in Paris and London.

Again, in November, 1884, he went away from his
Concord home, and sought the warmer climate of
California, spending the greater part of the winter at
Monterey. Here he again suffered from attacks of
gastritis, and, after a trip down to Santa Barbara, was
very ill at San Francisco, and died at San Rafael,
Cal., on the 26th of April, A.D., 1885. His re-
mains were embalmed and brought to Concord, and
were buried. May 9th, from his residence.

Hon. J. Everett Sargent, LL.D. — Judge Sar-
gent, now of Concord, has been well known through-
out the State for more than a quarter of a century.

% i<.

BENCH AND BAK.

Besides an extensive legislative acquaintance, he has,
as judge of the ditt'erent courts and as chief justice
of the State, held terms of court in every shire-town
and half-shire town in every county in the State.
He has been emphatically the architect of his own
fortune, and by his energy and perseverance has
reached the highest post of honor in his profession
in his native State. He is genial and social with his
friends; he loves a joke, and belongs to that small
class of men ".who never grow old." He loves his
home, his family and his books. No man enjoys the
study of history and of poetry, of philosophy and of
fiction, better than he, while law and theology come
in for a share of attention. He is a kind neighbor,
a respected citizen, a ripe scholar, a wise legislator,
an upright judge and an honest man.

In the year 1781, Peter Sargent, the grandfather
of the subject of this sketch, moved from Hopkinton,
N. H., to New London, at that time equally well
known as Heidelberg. This locality had been known
by this latter nauie for a quarter of a century or
more. It was granted by the Masonian proprietors,
July 7, 1773, to Jonas Minot, and others as the "Ad-
dition of Alexandria." It was first settled in 1775,
and was incorporated as a town by the Legislature,
June 25, 1779. Peter Sargent, who thus moved into
the town two years after its incorporation, was one of
ten brothers, all born in Amesbury, Mass., who settled
as follows: Amasa, Ezekiel, Thomas and Moses al-
ways lived at Amesbury ; James settled in Methuen,
Mass. ; Peter, Nathan and Stephen came to Hopkin-
ton, N. H., and settled there ; and Abner and Eben-
ezer came to Warner, N. H., and settled there. These
ten brothers, with four sisters, were the children of
Deacon Stephen Sargent, of Amesbury, Mass.

(Christopher Sargent, an older brother of Deacon
Stephen, graduated at Harvard, entered the ministry
and was the first settled minister of Methuen, Mass.
His eldest son, Nathaniel Peaslee Sargent, graduated
at Harvard, practiced law at Haverhill and was for
many years a judge of the Supreme Judicial Court of
Massachusetts, and was chief justice of the State in
1790 and 1791, when he died, aged sixty.)

Stephen Sargent was the son of Thomas (second),
who was the son of Thomas (first), who was the sou
of William Sargent. Stephen married Judith Ord-
way, of West Newbury, Mass., September 26, 1730,
was chosen deacon of the Second Congregational
Church in Amesbury, May 10, 1757, and died Oc-
tober 2, 1773, aged sixty-three.

William Sargent was born in England about 1602,
and was the son of Richard Sargent, an oflicer in the
royal navy. William came to this country when a
young man, married Judith Perkins for his first wife,
who died about 1633, when he, with several daughters,
was one of the twelve men who commenced the settle-
ment at Ipswich that year. He soon after went to
Newbury, and helped form a settlement there. Soon
after, about 1638, he, with several others, commenced

a settlement at Hampton, and about 1640 he re-
moved to Salisbury, and was one of the eighteen
original proprietors, or commoners, who settled in
New Salisbury, since known as Amesbury. His
second wife's name was Elizabeth, by whom he had
two sons, Thomas and William. He had several lots
of land assigned him at different times, and was one
of the selectmen of the town in 1667. He died in
1675, aged seventy-three.

Thomas Sargent, son of William, was born April
11, 1643, at Amesbury; married Eachel Barnes, Jan-
uary 2, 1667-68, and had children, among whom was
Thomas, Jr., born at Amesbury, November 15, 1676,
who married Mary Stevens, December 17, 1702, and
was the father of Stephen, whose family has been
mentioned, and who was born at Amesbury, Sep-
tember 14, 1710.

Peter Sargent, son of Stephen, married Ruth
Nichols, of Amesbury, and moved to Hopkinton,
N. H., about 1763, where they lived some eighteen
years and raised a large family, and, when he went
to New London, took them all with him. His chil-
dren were Anthony, Abigail, Ruth, Judith, Peter,
Ebenezer, Amasa, John, Molly, Ezekiel, Stephen,
William and Lois. These all came from Hopkin-
ton to New London in 1781, except Lois, who was
born subsequently in New London.

Ebenezer (the son of Peter), the father of the
judge, was born in Hopkinton in 1768, and was, of
coui-se, thirteen years old when he came to New
London with his father's family. After becoming of
age he procured him a farm, and, on the 25th of No-
vember, 1792, he married Prudence Chase, of Wen-
dell (now Sunapee), the daughter oTTJohn and Ruth
(Hills) Chase. They had ten children, as follows:
Anna, Rebekah, Ruth, Seth Freeman, Aaron Lea-
land, Sylvanus Thayer, Lois, Laura, Jonathan Kit-
tredge and Jonathan Everett. Jonathan Kittredge
died young; the other nine lived to mature age, and
five of them— three sons and two daughters — still sur-
vive. The parents had only a very limited educa-
tion, having been taught to read and to write a
little, the schools of those early times only furnish-
ing instruction in these two branches. They always
lived upon a farm, securing what was then considered
as a competence, and both died in New London, hav-
ing lived together more than sixty-five years.

The following, then, is the order of descent :

1. Richard Sargent, of England.

2. William, son of Richard, born in England, 1602.

3. Thomas, son of William, born in Amesbury,
April, 1643.

4. Thomas, Jr., son of Thomas, born in Amesbury,
November, 1676.

5. Stephen, son of Thomas, Jr., born in Amesburj',
Sei)tember, 1710.

6. Peter, son of Stephen, born at Amesbury, No-
vember 2, 1736.

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

7. Ebenezer, sou of Peter, born at Hopkintou,
N. H., April 3, 1768.

8. Jonathan Everett Sargent was born at New
London, N. H., October 23, 1816. He lived at home,
working upon the farm until he was seventeen yeara of
age, and, being the youngest child, his father had
arranged for him to live at home and take care of
his parents, and have the farm at their decease.

While living at home his advantages for schooling
were very limited, being confined to eight weeks
winter school each year, the farm affording too
much work to allow of his attending the summer
school after he was nine or ten years of age. He
attended one term at Hopkintou Academy and one
term at a private school at home before he was seven-
teen. For years he had been thirsting for knowledge,
and had resolved that, if any way could be provided
for taking care of his parents in their old age, he
would obtain an education. When about sixteen
his youngest sister was married, and she, with her
husband, made an arrangement with her parents
under which they moved upon the homestead farm
and assumed the care of her parents for life. So, at
seventeen, Everett, as he was always called, arranged
with his father that he was to have the remaining
four years of his time till twenty-one, instead of the
sum which his older brothers had received upon
arriving of age. He was to clothe himself and pay
his own bills, and call for nothing more from his
father.

This arrangement was made in the summer of 1838,
and that fall he worked in the saddler's shop near
his father's and taught school the next winter ; and
in the spring of 1834 he went to Hopkintou Academy,
then under the charge of Mr. Enoch L. Childs, where
he remained through the season. He taught school
the next winter, and then went, in the spring of
1835, to Kimball Union Academy, at Meriden, where
he remained, under the instruction of Mr. Cyrus S.
Richards, until commencement in 1886, when he
entered Dartmouth College. After he had thus,
without assistance, fitted himself for and entered
college, his father, very unexpectedly to him, gave
him fifty dollars to pay his expenses the first term,
and offered to loan him a few hundred dollars, if he
should need, in his college course, but that it must
be considered as an honorary debt, to be repaid, with
interest, after graduation.

But, by teaching school every winter and two fall
terms in Canaan Academy during his course, he
earned enough to pay all his expenses in college with
the exception of two hundred dollars, which he bor-
rowed of his fiither, and gave him his note for the
same, with interest, which he adjusted within a few
years after graduation. Though out of college two
terms, besides winters in teaching and another term
on account of sickness, yet he was always ready at
each examination to be examined with his class in all
the studies they had been over, and always took a

high stand at these examinations. He was elected a
member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, and grad-
uated in 1840 among the first in his class.

He had long before this made up his mind to turn
his attention to the law as a profession, and he ac-
cordingly began the study of the law at once with
Hon. Wm. P. Weeks, of Canaan, and remained with
him till the spring of 1841, when he was advised by
his physician to go South for his health. He went
first to Washington, soon after to Alexandria, D. C,
where he taught a High School, then to Maryland,
where he remained a year in a family school, when,
having regained his health, he returned to New
Hampshire in September, 1842. He had, upon his
arrival in Washington, entered his name as a law
student in the office of Hon. David A. Hall, of that
city, and continued the study of the law under his
direction while engaged in teaching, and he was ad-
mitted to the bar in the courts of the District of
Columbia in April, 1842, only about twenty months
after leaving college. By the rule of that court, any
one might be admitted upon examination without
regard to the length of time he had studied. So he
was examined in open court by Chief Justice Cranch
and his associates upon the bench, and was admitted.

After returning home he continued his legal studies
with Mr. Weeks until the July law term, in Sullivan
County, in 1843, when he was admitted to the bar in
the Superior Court of Judicature in this State. He
then went into company with Mr. Weeks at Canaan,
where he remained till 1847, when he removed to
Wentworth, and opened an office there. He had
been appointed solicitor for Grafton County in No-
vember, 1844, while at Canaan, and he at once com-
menced a lucrative business at Wentworth ; was re-
appointed solicitor, in 1849, for five years more, thus
holding the office for ten years, to 1854, performing
the duties to the entire acceptance of the county and
the people. He declined a reappointment.

In 1851 he was first elected a member of the Legis-
lature from Wentworth, and .served as chairman of
the committee on incorporations. The next year he
was re-elected, and was made chairman of the judi-
ciary committee, and in 1853 he was again a member,
and was nominated with great unanimity, and elected
as Speaker of the House of Representatives. He
served with ability and impartiality, and to the
general acceptance of all parties.

The next winter a new man was to be selected as a
candidate for Senator in his district, and at the con-
vention he was nominated with great unanimity, and
was elected in March, in a close district, by about
three hundred majority. When the Senate met, in
June, there was some discussion as to a candidate for
president, but at the caucus he was nominated upon
the first ballot, and was duly elected as president of
the Senate in 1854. He was renominated in the
spring of 1855, but the Know-Nothing movement
that year carried everything before it, and he was de-

BEJSCH AND BAR.

feated, with nearly all the other Democratic nomi-
nees in the State.

On the 2d day of April, 185.5, he was appointed a
circuit justice of the Court of Common Pleas for the
State. But in June of that year there was an un-
wonted overturn, and the old courts were abolished,
mainly upon political grounds, and new ones or-
ganized, and new judges appointed. Judge Sargent
was making his arrangements to go into practice
again at the bar, when he received a request from
Governor Metcalf that he would accept the second
place on the bench of the new Court of Common
Pleas. This ofl'er had not been expected, but, upon
consultation with friends, it was accepted, and Judge
Sargent was appointed an associate justice of the
Court of Common Pleas.

He acted as judge of the new Court of Common
Pleas for four years, until 1859, when, by a statute of
that year, that court was abolished, and the Supreme
Judicial Court wa.s to do the work of that court in
addition to its own, and one new judge was to be
added to that court, making the number of Supreme
Court judges six instead of five, as before. .Judge
Sargent was at once appointed to that place on the
Supreme bench. He was then the youngest member
of the court in age, as well as in the date of his com-
mision. He remained upon the bench of that court
just fifteen years, from 1859 to 1874. In March, 1873,
upon the death of Chief Justice Bellows, Judge
Sargent was appointed chief justice of the State,
which place he held until August, 1874, when the
court was again overturned to make room for the
appointees of the prevailing political party. Chief
Justice Sargent, at the time of his appointment as
chief justice, had become the oldest judge upon the
bench, both in age and date of commission, so fre-
quent had been the changes in its members since his
appointment to that bench, less than fourteen years
before. He was distinguished for his laborious in-
dustry, his impartiality and his ability. His written
opinions are contained in the sixteen volumes of the
New Hampshire Reports, from the thirty-ninth to
the fifty-fourth, inclusive, numbering about three
hundred in all. Many of these are leading opinions
upon various subjects, and show great learning and
research.

After the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, and
the attempt to make Kansas a slave State, Judge
Sargent acted with the Republican party.

Upon leaving the bench, in August, 1874, he was
solicited to go into the practice of the law in Con-
cord with Wm. M. Cha se, Esq., whose late partner,
the Hon. Anson S. Marshall, had recently been sud-
denly removed by death. He left a very extensive
and lucrative practice, more than any one man could
well attend to alone, and into this practice, by an
arrangement with Mr. Chase, Judge Sargent stepped
at once, and the business firm thus formed continued
for five years.

In 1876 he was elected a member of the Constitu-
tional Convention of this State. In this convention
he acted a prominent part. He received a large
complimentary vote for president of the convention,
but that choice falling upon another. Judge Sargent
was made chairman of the Judiciary Committee, the
same place held by Judge Levi Woodbury in the
convention of 1850. He took an active part in the
debates and discussions of that body, and wielded
an influence probably second to no one in the con-
vention.

He was also elected by his ward a member of the
House of Representatives for the years 1877 and
1878. It was evident from the first, so numerous and
important had been the changes in the constitution,
that there must be a revision of the general statutes of
the State. Early in 1877 steps were taken for this re-
vision, and Judge Sargent was appointed chairman a_ (\,
of a committee, with Hon. L. W. Barton, of New- ^■-
port, and Judge J. S. Wiggin, of Exeter, to revise
and codify the statutes of the State.

This committee at once commenced their work,
and with so much dispatch was it prosecuted that
they made their report to the Legislature of 1878,
which report was, with various amendments, adopted
by that Legislature. There was also much naw legis-
lation enacted that year, which the committee were
instructed to incorporate with their own work, and
this was all to go into effect the 1st day of January,
1879.

The committee revised their work, making the re-
quired additions, superintended the printing of the
whole, and had their volume ready for distribution
before the day appointed. It is the largest volume
of statutes ever printed in the State, and it is be-
lieved not to be inferior to any other in any im-
portant particular.

In the fall of 1878 Judge Sargent was invited by a
committee of the citizens of New London to prepare
a centennial address, to be delivered on the one hun-
dredth anniversary of the incorporation of the town.
He at once accepted the invitation, and set about the
work, and on the 25th day of June, 1879, he de-
livered his address to a large assembly of the present
and former citizens of the town and others, the occa-
sion being distinguished by a larger collection of
people, probably, than ever met in the town upon
any former occasion. Being a native of New Lon-
don, he took a peculiar interest in looking up its
early history and in tracing the lives of its promi-
nent men. The address was published in the
Granite Monthly in the numbers for July, August
and September, 1879, and has been favorably noticed
as a work of great labor and research.

About the 1st of September, 1879, at the end of
five years from the commencement of his partnership
in business, the question arose whether he should
continue for five years more or retire. Having spent
nearly forty years of his life in toil, he concluded to

HISTORY OP MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

take some portion of the remaining time for enjoy-
ment, while he had health and strength and capacity
to enjoy. He retired from the practice of the law,
finding that it was vain to hope for rest and recrea-
tion while engaged in that profession. The judge
has one of the finest residences in the city, and is
enjoying life with his friends and his books. He has
also traveled extensively in his own country, and
been a close observer of men and things.

In 1864 he was elected Grand Master of the Grand
Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons for the State of
New Hampshire, and was re-elected the next year.
After this he declined a re-election.

Dartmouth College conferred on him the degree of
Master of Arts, in course, three years after gradua-
tion ; also, the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws,
at its centennial commencement, in 1869.

He has for many years been an active member of
the New Hampshire Historical Society, and for the
last ten or twelve years has been one of its vice-
presidents.

For many years past he has been connected with
the National State Capital Bank as one of its direc-
tors. The Loan and Trust Savings-Bank, at Con-
cord, commenced business August 1, 1872, and in the
thirteen years since then its deposits have increased
to over one million seven hundred thousand dollars.
Judge Sargent has been president of this bank and
one of its investment committee since its commence-
ment, and has given his personal attention to its
affairs.

In 1876 the New Hampshire Centennial Home for
the Aged was organized and incorporated, and, Jan-
uary 1, 1879, a home was opened in Concord at
which some ten to twenty aged ladies have since
been supported. The funds of this institution are
gradually increasing, and its work is being well done.
For the last eight years Judge Sargent has been
president of this institution, and has taken a deep
interest in its prosperity and success.

In compliance with a request from a committee of
the trustees, he prepared and delivered, at the com-
mencement at Dartmouth College, in 1880, a me-
morial address upon the late Hon. Joel Parker, for-
merly chief justice of this State, and afterwards
professor of law in Harvard College. This duty
Judge Sargent performed in a manner creditable to
himself and satisfactory to the friends of the late
Judge Parker. His address was printed, with other
similar addresses in memory of other deceased judges,
graduates of Dartmouth, by other distinguished sons
of the college.

He married, first, Maria C. Jones, of Enfield,
daughter of John Jones, Esq., November 29, 1843,
by whom he had two children. John Jones Sargent,
the elder, graduated at Dartmouth College in 1866,
and died in Oshkosh, Wis., October 3, 1870, just as
he was ready to commence the practice of the law.
The second, Everett Foster, died young. For his

second wife, he married Louisa Jennie Paige, daughter
of Deacon James K. Paige, of Wentworth, September
5, 1853, by whom he has had three children, — Marie
Louise, Annie Lawrie and George Lincoln. The
second died young'; the eldest and youngest survive.

Since he commenced the practice of the law, in
1843, his residence has been as follows: In Canaan
four years, to 1847; in Wentworth twenty -two years,
to 1869; and in Concord sixteen years since.

As a lawyer. Judge Sargent was always faithful
and true to his clients, a safe counselor and an able
advocate. As a legislator, he has been conservative
and safe. As a judge, he always studied to get at
the right of the case, to hold the scales of justice
evenly, to rule the law plainly, so that the party
against whom he ruled might have the full benefit
of his exception to the ruling, and to get the ques-
tions of fact and the evidence, as it bore upon them,
clearly and distinctly before the jury. Any one who
attended the courts where he presided as judge
could see at once that he was patient and pains-
taking, industrious and persevering, vigilant and
discriminating, impartial and fearless; and any one
who reads his written opinions will see that they
exhibit great research, learning and ability.

Mason Weare Tappan' was born October 20,
1817, in the village of Newport, Sullivan County. His
father, the late Weare Tappan, being a strong admirer
of Jeremiah Mason, who, at that time, was in full prac-
tice at the bar, named his son after him, and gave him
also his own name and the name of his mother, who
was one of the descendants of the celebrated old
Weare family.

Weare Tappan was a man of note and ability, prom-
inent as a lawyer, and a main pillar in the com-
munity in which he lived. He was born in the town
of East Kingston, Rockingham County, and early
settled in the town of Newport. He read law with
the late Judge Ellis, of Claremont, who was one of the
ablest and most accomplished lawyers in the State.
Mr. Tappan was one of the marked men of his time.
Taking an early position on the subject of slavery, he
was an old pioneer in the cause. His house was the
rendezvous of the anti-slavery lecturer and the home
of the fugitive slave. A patriarch of the olden time,
strong in his convictions when answering to his con-
science, he had determined that he was right; he died
in 1866, but not till he had seen the fulfillment of his
hope and prayer, that the curse of slavery might be
blotted out and the authority of the government
restored.

The mother of Mason W. Tappan died only a few
months after the decease of his father. The Concord
Monitor, in noticing her death at the time, paid her
the following tribute : " The deceased was a fine spec-
imen of the old school of ladies, who maintained a
lively interest in the present, which, added to her

/^ /W.^^^^2^^^^/^^^^^-7^

BENCH AND BAR.

great intelligence, rare conversational powers, keen
insight of persons, a strong moral nature and a cath-
olic spirit, bounded by no creed or color, made her
jiresence a benediction and her life a pleasant recol-
lection."

At an early age Mason removed with the family to
Bradford, Merrimack County, and here he spent his
boyhood days, and here has he always resided. In
his youth he displayed many of those strong traits of
character which became prominent in after-life. He
early formed a resolution to abstain from the use of
intoxicating drinks, and that resolution has never
been broken. In addition to the regular course of
instruction which he received from his parents, he
attended old Father Ballard's school, in Hopkinton,
and the Hopkinton Academy, which was a noted
school in those days. He also became a student at
the Meriden Academy.

Having chosen the profession of the law, he pursued
the study of the same with his father and with the
Hon. George W. Nesmith, of Franklin, who for a long
time was one of the judges of the Supreme Judicial
Court. He was admitted to the bar in 1841, and soon
acquired an extensive practice in Merrimack and
Sullivan Counties. In the eminent an ay of legal
ability that adorned the bar in those days, by his
power as an advocate, he shortly obtained a promi-
nent place.

Down to the year 1853 he had given his undivided
attention to the law. His practice and his reputation
as a lawyer were constantly on the increase. He had
belonged to the Whig, Free-Soil and American par-
ties. Although his first step aside from his profession
was only to represent his town (which was largely
Democratic) in the Legislature, to which he was
successively elected in 1853, 1854 and 1855, by his
personal popularity among his townsmen, it was
apparent, from the position that he occupied and the
character of the times, that he would drift into broader
fields. To turn from his profession and enter the
arena of party strife, although a matter largely con-
trolled by force of circumstances, was a step not to be
taken without due deliberation. In Sullivan County,
with always a formidable array of counsel against him,
he had achieved some of his greatest triumphs, and
had never failed to secure a verdict before a jury. It
was with some misgivings that he turned from the
certain pursuits of his professional career to tread the
uncertain paths in the field of American politics.

In the legislative session of 1854, Mr. Tappan was
a candidate for Speaker of the House, and, notwith-
standing there was a Democratic majority of about
twenty, he came within two votes of an election. In
the same year, forgetting past contentions, and moved
by the prominent stand he had taken in the Legisla-
ture, the Whigs, Free-Soilers, Independent Democrats
and Americans came to his support and nominated
him a member of Congress from the old Second Dis-
trict, and he was elected. He was twice re-elected,

breaking for the first time the long-established rule of
giving a member of Congress only two terms, and
served in the Thirty-fourth, Thirty-fifth and Thirty-
sixth Congresses with distinguished ability, and es-
tablished for himself, in those eventful times when
" madness ruled the hour," a reputation as an able and
fearless champion of the cause of the Union and the
great principles of the Republican party. In July,
1856, Mr. Tappan made a speech upon the subject of
the extension of slavery into Kansas, the House be-
ing in a committee of the whole on the state of the
Union. " It was a rich treat," to use the language of
the New York Tribune at the time, "and made some
of the Southern chivalry ' rise to a point of order,'
and ask questions and squirm, and look very uncom-
fortable. It was a speech produced by deep research
and much labor." In conclusion, Mr. Tappan said :
" Mr. Chairman, let me say that we seek no quarrel
with our brethren of the South. This is an issue they
have forced upon us, and, with God's blessing, we will
meet it as becomes worthy descendants of patriotic
sires ! You sometimes tell us that you want to be let
alone. That is precisely what we intend to do ; we
will interfere with none of your rights ; whatever is
' nominated in the bond ' that we will yield. In turn,
is it too much for us to make the same request of
you — that you will let us alone? If slavery be a
blessing, to you shall inure all its benefits. If it be a
curse, do not ask to place it on our soil to involve us
in its guilt. We desire to cultivate the relations of
peace and fraternal kindness with the people of the
South."

The storm of secession was rising, and all political
elements were warming to the contest that was fast
coming on. No State in the Union had more reason
to be proud of any of its delegation in Congress than
had New Hampshire of Mr. Tappan. As was
said by one of the leading newspapers in the State at
the time, he was " active, enthusiastic and always
conciliatory where conciliation is needed. With a heart
forced by its very nature to hate falsehood, oppression
and wrong, he is just; the man whom a free people
should delight to honor, and in honoring whom they
must honor themselves."

Mr. Tappan, in March, 1858, delivered an able
speech in the House upon slavery agitation, nullifica-
tion and the Lecompton Constitution, in which he said
that he wished " to put on record the protest of New
Hampshire of what he conceived to be the most stu-
pendous political fraud that was ever before attem]ited
to be perpetrated upon any people." In the winter of
1860-61, in the Thirty-sixth Congress, the celebrated
select committee of thirty-three — one from each State
— was constituted, to which was referred so much of
the President's annual message as related to the then
disturbed state of the country. Mr. Tappan was
placed upon this committee, and joined with Mr.
Washburn, of Wisconsin, in a minority report.
A report on the part of the majority h.id been agreed

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

to and submitted, recommeudiug amendments to the
Constitution, by which the South would acquire all,
if not more, than it had demanded for its institution
of slavery. This minority report was a strong docu-
ment, and recommended the adoption of the following
resolution :

" Besomed, That the proviBioiiB of the Constitution are amyle for the
preservation of the Union, and the protection of the material interests of
tlio country ; that it needs to be obeyed rather than amended ; and our
extrication from present difficulties is to be looked for in efforts to pre-
serve and protect the public property and enforce the laws, rather than
iu new guarantees for particular interests, or compromises, or concee-

On the 6th of February, 1861, the minority report
was submitted, and Mr. Tappan immediately arose in
his seat and addressed himself to the issues involved.
He began by saying that he was opposed to the rais-
ing of this committee at the outset, not because he
did not fully understand the perilous condition of the
country, but because he believed that the appointment
of such a committee would lead to some sort of a com-
promise, when any compromise, under the circum-
stances, would be humiliating to the North, and
he did not believe that any measures that might be
passed would be productive of good, and would only
add fuel to the flame. He was not unwilling, at the
proper time, to make reasonable concessions to any
jiortion of his countrymen that had grievances to be
redressed. But he contended that that portion of
the American people who had just succeeded in elect-
ing their President, in the modes and forms recog-
nized by the Constitution, had done nothing' that re-
quired apology, — he did not, for one, go into that
election to have the principles for which he con-
tended abandoned at the first howl of those that were
disappointed at the result. Other parties went into
the election, and all must abide the result. But no
sooner was the election of Mr. Lincoln declared than
the fires of revolution broke out. With most indecent
haste, the disunionists of the country, who, by their
own confessions, had been plotting its overthrow for
thirty years, seized the public property, insulted the
American flag and, with jeers at the government
which had protected them so long, declared
themselves out of the Union. Under these cir-
cumstances, he was for postponing all other ques-
tions until it was ascertained whether we had a gov-
ernment or not. He declared that if this government
was a mere cobweb, with no power for its own preser-
vation, it would be utterly useless to attempt to patch
it up with compromises. He was for narrowing the
issue to the question of Union or no Union, govern-
ment or no government, and maintained that, if this
position had been boldly taken from the start, they
would have stood stronger. Every time the people of
the free States have wavered, every time her repre-
sentatives have evinced a disposition to fall back one
step from their position, the Secessionists, with fiercer
yells, have advanced two. At the first dawn of trea-
son in its borders, the great Nation retires before

it, and is crumbling to pieces without an effort to
maintain its integrity or a finger raised to protect its
flag ! The enforcement of the revenue laws, the de-
fense of the capital and the protection of the public
property does not necessarily involve war. He pro-
ceeded at length on this line, and in course of his
masterly effort uttered the following sentiments :

" Sir, I will indulge in no threats of what would be
the result in such an event [in the event of war]. I
will make no boasts of the prowess of any particular
section of the country. I desire to say no word that
can exasperate or inflame, but simply to plant myself on
the side of my country and the integrity of its govern-
ment, whose Constitution I have sworn to support.
Sir, the Union is dear to the people of the Northern
States ; they would sacrifice much to preserve it as it
is; but a Union founded on the protection of slavery
as its ' chief corner-stone ' is not the Union for which
our fathers fought, and is not the precious boon which
they supposed they had transmitted to their posterity."
The speech was widely circulated, and many of the
congratulations that were called forth by it were con-
tained in private letters from leading citizens, not only
in New England, but throughout the free States. By
this heroic maintenance of the " Union as it is and
the Constitution as our fathers made it," there were
accorded to him an ability and statesmanship which
those troublesome times so much demanded in the
halls of Congress.

Mr. Tappan's course throughout, as a member of
Congress, was characterized by a conscientious regard
for the right and the true spirit of independence.
Over him there was no unworthy control and with
him there was no unworthy alliance. The part he
bore as a member of the committee of thirty-three
receives high commendation in the first volume of
Mr. Blaine's book, "Twenty Years of Congress."
His action in the celebrated Judge Watrous case and
on the admission of Oregon as a State was not with-
out criticism. But that criticism was fully disarmed
and his course vindicated. On the 5th of March, 1859,
at a great Republican meeting in the city of Concord,
the people of every shade of political opinion gath-
ered to hear him and listen to an explanation of his
position in the Oregon affair. In a candid and able
vnanner he reviewed his action thereon, and concluded
by saying "that he would not have taken a difl'erent
position if every man, woman and child in the State,
on bended knees, had implored him to do it; but
would have resigned and come home and delivered to
his constituents the trust which had been confided
to him." A press report says "That the speaker
was interrupted here by loud and continued applause
such as was never before heard in the city, while
three tremendous cheers were given, which showed
emphatically that the hearts of the people were with
him."

During his Congressional life, which closed with the
Thirty-sixth Congress (not being a candidate for re-

BENCH AND BAK.

election), he had served on the judiciary committee
and was chairman of the committee of claims, and at
the time of his appointment as such chairman, the
following appeared in the New York Tribune : " The
Hon. Mason W. Tappan was conspicuous in the Thirty-
fifth Congress as a member of the committee of the
judiciary, and during the protracted examination of
the charges preferred against Judge Watrous, Mr.
Tappan was untiring in the discharge of his delicate
duties. His selection now, as the head of the com-
mittee on claims, was a compliment due, as well to his
past services in Congress, as to his distinguished abil-
ity as a lawyer and integrity as a man."

He was also a menber of the vigilance committee,
the chief duties of which were to watch the " Black
Horse Cavalry."

We had reached the period of civil war. Armies
were gathering, and the principles he had enunciated
in the national House of Representatives he was
ready to defend in the field. Abraham Lincoln called
for seventy-five thousand volunteers for three months,
and Colonel Tappan was one of the first men to enlist
in the State. The command of the First Eegiment
naturally went to him, and he was accordingly ap-
pointed and commissioned by Governor Berry. The
regiment was mustered into the service of the United
States from the 1st to the 4th of May, 1861, and on
the morning of the 25th left for the seat of war. The
regiment received one continued ovation as it moved
to the front. In New York City it was presented with a
silk flag, by Judge Bowney, and its passage through the
streets of the great metropolis on the day of the fun-
eral of Colonel Ellsworth created a scene never to be
forgotten. It was the first regiment that had entered
the field fully equipped, with field and staff officers
mounted, and with seventy-five horses and twenty-
one baggage-waggons. It wlieeled into line behind
the funeral cortege and marched down Broadway.
Baltimore was reached in the afternoon of May 27th.
The men disembarked from the cars, and, with loaded
muskets and fixed bayonets, marched to the tune of
"Yankee Doodle " unmolested through the city that
had shed Union blood. On reaching Washington, the
regiment marched up Pennsylvania Avenue and on
to Kalorama, where it went into camp. As soon as
the column had passed the White House, President
Lincoln sent for Colonel Tappan, and, complimenting
him highly on the appearance of his men, said, taking
him by the hand, " Colonel Tappan, your regiment
looks more like war than anything I have seen." On
the 10th of June the regiment was joined to a brigade
commanded by Colonel Charles P. Stone, and marched
to Rockville, Md. At this time the Confederate army
was skirting the right bank of the Potomac, and at
no time during the war was the national capital in
greater peril.

On the 14th of June the regiment moved towards
Poolesville, the object of this movement being to
guard the river against the enemy, who were in large

force at Leesburg, Va. On the 17th the enemy opened
fire on a portion of the regiment with rifles and six-
pound cannon, and while Colonel Tappan was mov-
ing with the remaining portion of the regiment to the
scene of action, he was ordered back to guard against
an anticipated attack from another direction. He was
placed in command at Poolesville, and established a
line of pickets for a distance of fourteen miles, from
his camp, at Poolesville, down to Concord Ferry, thence
up the Potomac to the mouth of the Monocacy. On
the 6th of July a detachment, under command of Col-
onel Tappan, moved to Sandy Hook, the reserve to
be sent there by rail on the 7th, and that night
moved up the river on the Maryland side twelve miles,
arriving at Sharpsburg at two o'clock in the morning,
and at Williamsport, twelve miles farther, in the af-
ternoon, where they forded the river and stood on the
" sacred soil " of Virginia. Here they joined the
brigade, which moved forward to Martinsburg, where
they joined the command of General Patterson, who
had his running fight with Johnston, called the
battle' of Falling Waters. July 14th the regiment,
with the rest of the division, moved on towards Win-
chester. The enemy fled at their approach. They
reached Bunker Hill in the afternoon of the same
day. The troops were anxious for battle, but instead
of marching on AVinchester, a retreat was ordered to
Charlestown. On the day of the battle of Bull
Run, the 21st, the division marched to Harper's
Ferry and went into camp on Bolivar Heights. July
21st found the regiment again in camp at Sandy
Hook, and August 2d, their term of enlistment having
expired, they embarked on board the cars for New
Hampshire, being mustered out of the service at Con-
cord, the 12th of August, 1861.

The men of Colonel Tappan's regiment were a
portion of the time wretchedly clad, and endured
many hardships. Owing to the reputation the regi-
ment had acquired since entering the field, it was
placed as the leading regiment on the right of the
army in its extended operations in Maryland and
Virginia. Of Colonel Tappan, " New Hampshire in
the Rebellion " says : "As a commander he was pa-
triotic, brave and thoughtful of and kind to his oflS-
cers and men, and respected by all."

Colonel Tappan was appointed colonel of the
Fourth Regiment upon the resignation of Colonel
Whipple, but declined the appointment, feeling that
it would be doing injustice to the brave ranking offi-
cers of that regiment. He was, subsequently, unani-
mously elected colonel of the Sixteenth Regiment by
its soldiers ; but Colonel Tappan, as well as the Gov-
ernor of the State, thought it advisable that the
commission should go to another.

For the last twenty-five years Colonel Tappan has
been engaged in the constant practice of the law.
He has always maintained a large practice in his
county, and in many noted trials in other parts of the
State he hiis been engaged. In tlie celebrated Paul

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

R. George will case he was associated with the late
Caleb Gushing at his particular request.

By a close application to the study of the law
through a period of five years, Colonel Tappan was
admitted to the bar, after a thorough examination by
such a lawyer as the late Judge Perley, with no com-
mon knowledge in all its branches, and perhaps
fitted, had he so inclined, to become what is popu-
larly known as a technical lawyer. But rather than
a strict adherence to the mere technicalities of the
law, but taking a broader and more comprehensive
view of what the law is and what the practice of it
ought to be, it is more in accordance with his nature
to rely on the merits of each individual case and the
great law of reason and common sense as applicable to
them.

In 1876, Colonel Tappan was appointed Attorney-
General of the State by Governor Cheney, which
position he now holds. The administration of his
ofiice, and the manner he has conducted the large
number of State and capital cases that have fallen to
him, has been characterized by ability and a faithful
discharge of its varied and important duties.

As an advocate, he goes to his work with great as-
surance, moulds his thought into shape with stalwart
strength, is clear and convincing, and the conviction
that he is sincere in the cause he presents is impressed
upon those that hear him.

During the time that he has been thus actively en-
gaged in his profession he has, in many heated polit-
ical campaigns, for which the State is so much noted,
taken the stump in behalf of the cause of the Repub-
lican party, and what he deemed to be for the welfare
of the whole country. In the great contest of 1868,
in Warner, the home of his friend and the nominee
of the Republican party, General Walter Harrimau,
he made a speech of four houre' duration, in reply to
Richard Vaux, of Pennsylvania, who had spoken
there the day before, and had taken the ground that
in the reconstruction of the Southern Slates the ad-
ministration had acted outside of the Constitution.
Colonel Tappan, taking as his text the clause in the
Constitution that the " United States shall guarantee
to every State in this Union a republican form of
government," proceeded with heavy blows to destroy
the argument of the day before. The impression that
this speech made upon the writer, as well as upon the
minds of all that heard him, still remains, and ifwas
the opinion, regardless of party, that the object of it
was accomplished.

In the national campaign of 1872, Colonel Tappan
joined tbe Liberal Republican movement, and sup-
ported his life-long friend, Horace Greeley, for the
Presidency. Between these two men the strongest
ties of friendship existed. Colonel Tappan believed
that, more than any other man, Horace Greeley was
the framer and builder of the Republican party. He
was in Washington, as a member of Congress, during
the great contest for the Speakership of the House of

Representatives. Horace Greeley was there, and he
regarded him as the master-spirit that directed the
jarring and discordant elements, and, uniting them on
General Banks, secured his election as Speaker. The
war being over, and the people of the North and
South being citizens of one common country, he be-
lieved that the desired era of peace and reconciliation
would be brought about by the election of Horace
Greeley, and preferred that it should come under the
leadership of such a Republican than under a reign
of the Democratic party. He therefore supported
Horace Greeley, and while this course subjected him
to adverse comment and criticism no one doubted his
sincerity or the motives by which he was actuated.
Nor did it imply that he had renounced any of the
principles of the Republican party, to which he had
adhered from the day of its birth, and with which, in
the course of events, he again found himself in full
accord.

Colonel Tappan has been three times married. His
first wife was Emeline M. Worth, of Sutton, by whom
he had one son, Frank M. Tappan, Esq., who resides
near his father, in Bradford. His second wife was
Mary E. Jenkins, of Boston, and his present wife was
Miss Imogene B. Atwood, of Lisbon, by whom he has
a little daughter, Helen L. Tappan.
■ Of Colonel Tappan, as a man and a citizen, the
writer concludes this sketch by quoting from a letter
of a neighbor, as follows : " Mr. Tappan's kindness to
the poor and afflicted, his fidelity as a friend, his
sensitiveness of heart and his honor in his profes-
sion are proverbial among his most intimate ac-
quaintances."

John Henry Albin ' was born October 17, 1843,
at West Randolph, Vermont. He is the son of John
and Emily (White) Albin. At the High School in
Concord, N. H., he prepared for college, and entered
Dartmouth at the fall term of 1860, and graduating
therefrom in 1864, he commenced the study of the
law with the late Hon. Ira A. Eastman of Concord,
who was a prominent lawyer and at one time one of
the judges of the Supreme Judicial Court. He pur-
sued his legal studies assiduously, without interrup-
tion, until October, 1867, when he was admitted to
the bar. In April, 1868, he became a partner of Judge
Eastman. In December of the same year, Samuel B.
Page, Esq., removed from Warren, N. H., and became
a member of the firm. They did a large business and
it was one of the leading firms in the State. It was
dissolved in 1874, at which time Mr. Albin became
associated with the writer of this sketch, and by rea-
son of whose appointment as Attorney General of the
State, the relation was for a short time dissolved, as
under a statute the Attorney-General was disqualified
from practice, except in cases wherein the State was
a party. This statute being repealed, the association
was renewed.

' By Mason "W. Tappan.

^1)

U^'

BENCH AND BAR.

Mr. Albin formed a partnership with Nathaniel E.
Martin, Esq., of Concord, under the title of Albin &
Martin. This firm has an extensive legal business.

Mr. Albin was a member of the Legislature from
Concord, in 1872-73. During his first term he served
upon the Judiciary Committee, and in 187.3 was chair-
man of the Committee on Railroads.

In 1875 he took up his residence in Henniker, N. H.,
but continued his business in Concord. He was
elected to represent the town in the Legislature of
1876, during which session he was a member of the
Judiciary Committee, and of several important special
committees he was made chairman.

Mr. Albin has given much time and attention to
Odd-Fellowship, and takes great interest in the mys-
tic brotherhood. He has held all of the official posi-
tions in the Grand Lodge of the jurisdiction, and at
its annual session in 1879 was elected Grand Master.
In September, 1881, he represented the Grand Lodge
in the Sovereign Grand Lodge at its session in Cin-
cinnati, and in that at Baltimore in Sejjtember, 1882.
At the session held in Cincinnati, September, 1881, a
committee was appointed to prepare a Degree of Uni-
formed Patriarchs, which consisted of William H.
Crocker of Chicago, Theodore B. Elliott of Milwaukee,
John H. Albin, C. B. Colledge of Washington, D. C,
and John Heeseman of Charleston, S. C. The labo-
rious duty of preparing the work contemplated, fell
to Mr. Albin, and was performed with great care ; he
reported a Degree which was accepted by the commit-
tee and almost unanimously adopted by the Sovereign
Grand Lodge, at its session in Baltimore in September
1882. This committee was continued in existence,
with full power over the Degree until it was dis-
charged by the grand body at its session held in
Providence, in September, 1883. At the September
session of 1884, at Minneapolis, Minn., Mr. Albin was
made chairman of the Committee of the Patriarchal
Branch of the Order, and at the same session a special
committee was ap])ointed for the purpose of making
any revision that might be deemed necessary so far as
that Degree was concerned, and also to report such
legislation as might be necessary to carry it into full
eft'ect. That committee was composed of Mr. Albin,
ex-Governor John C. Underwood of Covington, Ky.,
and Edward A. Stevens of Minneapolis, Minn., with
instructions to report at the session of the Sovereign
Grand Lodge, at Baltimore, September, 1885.

To those who know Mr. Albin it is not too much to
say, that he is one of the most active, industrious and
well-read lawyers in the State, and, notwithstanding
his constantly increasing business, he keeps himself
thoroughly read up in the latest legal decisions, and
makes it a point to provide himself with the best and
newest text-books in the profession. No case comes
to his hands but is first thoroughly investigated in all
its legal aspects ; and in preparing and presenting his
cases to the court, jury, or whatever tribunal are to
hoar the same, in fact, in the whole conduct of a trial,

he takes high rank at the New Hampshire bar. No
pains are spared and no labor is shirked which he
considers will in any way tend to advance the cause
or the interests of his clients.

Although actively engaged in his profession, Mr.
Albin takes great interest in agricultural pursuits,
and upon his farm in Henniker he spends many days
of pleasant recreation.

He was married, September 5, 1872, to Miss Georgie
A. Modica, of Henniker. They have two children,
Henry A., born February 5, 1876, and Edith G., born
August 5, 1878.

William Lawrence Fo.ster is the only son of
John and Sophia (Willard) Foster. His father was
one of thirteen children of the Rev. Edmund and
Pha?be (Lawrence) Foster.

Edmund, the grandfather of Judge Foster, was born
at Groton, Mass., in 1754. He graduated at Yale
College, studied for the ministry and became quite
prominent as a preacher. He was settled over the
church in Littleton, Mass., and continued to be its
pastor until his death, in 1825, a period of more than
forty years. He was at one time a member of the
Massachusetts State Senate. In 1783 he married
Phcebe Lawrence, of Littleton. She was the daughter
of Colonel William Lawrence, of Littleton. Through
his paternal grandmother Judge Foster traces his
descent from Robert 'Lawrence, of Lancashire, Eng-
land, who was born about the year 1150. Attending
his sovereign, Richard Cceur de Leon, in the war of
the Crusades in the Holy Land, he so distinguished
himself in the siege of Acre that he was knighted Sir
Robert, of Ashton Hall.

The sixteenth in descent was John Lawrence, who
came to America in 1635, and settled at Watertown,
Mass.

The great-grandfather of Judge Foster was Abra-
ham Foster, whose father came from England about
the middle of the seventeenth century, and settled
in Groton, Mass., where Abraham, Edmund and John
Foster, the ninth child and third son of Edmund, was
born. John Foster, in early life, removed to West-
minster, Vt., where he married Sophia__\Villard, and
where his only son, William Lawrence Foster, was
born, June 1, 1823.

John Foster removed to Fitzwilliam, N. H., in 1825,
and from thence to Keene, N. H., in 1834, where he
died February 7, 1854. He was a captain in the
old New Hampshire Militia, and was for many years
high sheriff of the county of Cheshire. While resid-
ing in Keene, John Foster was many years a trader,
and his son assisted him in his store.

Judge Foster, when a boy, attended the common
schools and afterwards studied in the Keene and
Walpole Academies. When about seventeen years of
age he commenced the study of the law in the office
of Levi Chamberlain, Esq. In 1844 and 1845 he at-
tended the Law School at Cambridge. In 1845 he
was admitted to the bar in Keene, and for a short

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

time sustained a partnership with John N. Baxter,
and afterward with Mr. Chamberlain. From 1845 to
1849 he was postmaster at Keene. From 1849 to
1853 he was clerk of the New Hampshire Senate.
He was a member of Governor Dinsmore's staff, with
the rank of colonel, b.v whom, in 1850, he was ap-
pointed State reporter, holding that office till 1856.
During his term of office he edited Vols. 17-19, 21-
31 inclusive, of the New Hampshire Reports.

In January, 1853, he married Harriet Morton,
daughter of Hon. Hamilton E. Perkins, of Hopkinton,
N. H., and in April of that year he removed from
Keene to Concord, where he entered into partnership
with Colonel John H. George. Hon. Charles P. San-
born subsequently became a member of the firm, and
upon Colonel George's retirement therefrom, in 1867,
the partnership was continued by Messrs. Foster &
Sanborn till October, 1869.

In 1854, Colonel Foster was appointed commis-
sioner of the Circuit Court of the United States, which
office he held until his election to the New Hamp-
shire House of Representatives, in 1862. He was a
member of the Legislature in 1862 and 1863. In
1863 he received from Dartmouth College the hon-
orary degree of Master of Arts.

He was appointed a judge of the Supreme Judicial
Court October 1, 1869, and held that office till October
1, 1874, when, upon the reorganization of the courts,
he was appointed chief justice of the Circuit Court,
with the late Judges Stanley and Rand as his asso-
ciates. October 1, 1876, he was appointed a judge of
the Supreme Court. He resigned that office July 1 ,
1881, and resumed the practice of the law. In 1884
he was reappointed an United States commissioner.

Judge Foster was very highly esteemed while a
member of the court, and, as a lawyer, is noted lor
his legal attainments. He is a graceful writer aud an
eloquent orator, and has frequently been called upon
to preside at public meetings and to deliver commem-
orative addresses. His post-prandial speeches have
been especially happy. He is a strong advocate before
a jury.

John Hatch George." — The man who makes his
way to the front rank at the bar and ir. politics, and
holds his position without dispute for more than a
quarter of a century, must be a person of ability,
energy and sagacity. Especially is this true in New
Hampshire, which, from the earliest period of our na-
tional history, has produced some of the ablest law-
yers and the keenest politicians known to the country.
Such a man is Colonel John Hatch George, of Con-
cord, whose name has long been a household word at
every Democratic fireside in the State, aud whose
eminent legal position is recognized throughout New
England.

He was born in Concord, where he has ever since
resided, November 20, 1824. His parents were John

. Metcalf, in "Clarke's Successful New Hampshire Men."

and Mary (Hatch) George, the former a prominent,
respected and energetic citizen, who, though a native
of Hopkinton, located in Concord in early manhood ;
the latter, a daughter of Samuel Hatch, a leading
citizen of the town of Greenland, among whose grand-
children are included the Hon. Albert R. Hatch and
John S. H. Frink, Esq., both also known as eminent
lawyers and leading Democrats.

Gaining his preliminary education in the excellent
public schools of his native town and in the old Con-
cord Academy, Colonel George entered Dartmouth
College in 1840, being then fifteen years of age, where
he diligently pursued his studies for about three years,
until the death of his father compelled his return
home and the non-completion of his college course.
The faculty subsequently conferred upon him his
graduating degree, which was followed by that of
Master of Arts. Among his classmates at Dartmouth
were several who became prominent at the bar and in
public life, including the late Hon. Harvey Jewell,
and Hons. A. A. Ranney and Horatio G. Parker, of
Boston, and ex-Governor Charles H. Bell.

If young George was unfortunate in the loss of his
father, and in the failure to complete the college course
consequent thereon, he was especially fortunate in
being favored v.-ith the kindly regard of that brilliant
son of New Hampshire, General Franklin Pierce,
who, as a friend of the family, had become conversant
with his qualities and characteristics, and readily dis-
cerned the line of action best calculated for the de-
velopment and successful exercise of his powers.
Fortunate as he was, however, in the enjoyment of
the friendship of General Pierce at this time, it may
safely be assumed that he never would have been the
recipient of such favor had he not given evidence of
the possession of abilities above the common order.
The really great lawyer has a lofty regard for his pro-
fession, and will never be found influencing anj' one
to enter upon its pursuit who is not likely to honor
the profession and bring credit to himself. AVhen,
therefore, upon the invitation of General Pierce,
young George entered upon the study of the law in
the office of the former, — as he did soon after leaving
college, and at the time when that distinguished man
was in active practice, — it was under circumstances
every way propitious to that ultimate success credit-
able alike to each. During his three years of legal
study under such tutelage, he made that rapid progress
which characterizes the advance of the ambitious and
enthusiastic young man, well equipped, mentally and
physically, for the work in hand, thoroughly in love
therewith, guided by wise counsel and inspired by
brilliant example; and when, in 1846, he was ad-
mitted to the bar, and entered upon the practice of his
profession in his native city, it was with unusual
thoroughness of preparation.

At the opening of his professional career. Colonel
George was again particularly fortunate. General
Charles H. Peaslee had long ranked among the most

BENCH AND BAR.

careful lawyers of the State, and had acquired an ex-
tensive practice. He was a warm friend of General
Pierce, professionally and politically, and, like him,
an intimate friend of the George family. Entering
largely into public life, its engrossing duties withdrew
his attention more and more from professional en-
gagements, rendering desirable a partnership alliance
with some active and competent young man. Such
alliance was offered to and promptly accepted by
young George, who thus auspiciously commenced his
professional career.

The limits of this sketch will not permit a detailed
account of the progress and success of its subject;
but it may be stated, that from his entrance upon legal
practice to the present time, all his energies and facul-
ties have been heartily devoted to the labors and
duties of his profession, in whose performance he has
won a high measure of fame, as well as a fiiLr amount
of that substantial reward which the world largely
regards as the prime object of human etibrt. His con-
nection with General Peaslee continued about five
years, and was followed by a professional alliance of a
similar character with Sidney Webster, Esq., then a
young lawyer of fine abilities and brilliant promise,
who has since become distinguished in legal and dip-
lomatic circles. This partnership continued till Mr.
Webster left Concord to become private secretary to
General Pierce, upon the accession of the latter to the
Presidency, in 1863. Soon afterward. Colonel George
formed partnership relations with Hon. William L.
Foster, who subsequently became, and long remained,
a judge of the Supreme Court of the State, and with
them Hon. Charles P. Sanborn was also for a time
associated.

Not only in behalf of an extensive private client-
age have the professional services of Colonel George
been employed, but for many years, also, in behalf of
the public, — he having been appointed solicitor for
Merrimack County in 1849, and re-appointed in 1854,
discharging the duties of the office until 1856, when
he was removed for partisan reasons, the Republican
party signalizing its ascendency by a clean sweep of
Democratic officials. From 1853 to 1858 he was
United States attorney for the district of New Hamp-
shire, appointed by President Pierce.

There are, undoubtedly, many men at the bar, in
this and other States, as well grounded in legal prin-
ciples as Colonel George, and even more familiar with
the text-books, who have fallen far short of the suc-
cess he has attained. It is one thing to be able to
state abstract legal principles, and quite another cor-
rectly to apply those principles to the facts in any
given case. It has ever been the habit of Colonel
George, in the conduct of a cause, to thoroughly fam-
iliarize himself with all the facts and .circumstances
connected therewith. The mastery of the cause itself
leaves little difficulty in the determination of the law
bearing thereon, and it is the strongest guaranty of
success in its management before a jury; and it is in

the conduct of jury causes tliat Colonel George has
won the greater measure of his success. Gifted with
great perceptive powers and a ready knowledge of
men, and familiar as he ever is with the cause in
hand, in all its bearings, he is never taken at a disad-
vantage, no matter how able or alert the opposing
counsel. In handling witnesses, and especially in
cross-examination, he has shown unusual tact and
ability. He reads the mind of a witness almost intu-
itively, and understands how to bring out the essen-
tial facts even from the most reluctant, and to do so
in the manner best calculated to make the desired
impression upon the minds of the jury. As an advo-
cate, he is equaled by few and excelled by none of
our New Hampshire lawyers; yet his power in this
regard consists in the systematic, logical and intensely
earnest presentation of all the facts which go to make
up and strengthen his cause, and to destroy or weaken
that of his opponents, rather than in the oratory
which abounds in eloquently rounded periods and
impassioned appeals. In this connection may well
be quoted the words of one who, knowing Colonel
George from youth, has written of him as follows:

"Intense e-irne^tnes3, and a faculty of an immediate and powerful
c ncentntion of all his mental faculties on any subject which interested
bun wen the preduminaut peculiarities of the early inanbuod of Jlr.
GcLi^e ^\b(.nti t um tj tht liii, he manifested a power of felicitous
1 m^uagc anil I ulary, which were rarely to be seen

e\en in the m t He never prepared beforehand the

words of his --i 1 I i it the bar, in the committee-room

or on the stuiiii \\ ( ill tee and underetand at all, he saw

and understood cle irl^ Iht. aticugth of his feelings, the enormous
power and range of his \ocabulary, added to this clearness of vision,
made mere verbal preparation unnecessary for him. His speaking was
made up of i cU ii perception of the turning-point of his case, and then
of piin.,tnt r'^i II' --pirkling pirado\, rattling attack, vivid repartee,
hc^lf^ liuiii 1 ill 1 \\ hen iicca&ion called for, of a fearlessness of denun-
ciiti >ni.t «Iiat lie lclic\Ld to ne wrong or unjust or unfair, which made
him, e^en at the t utoet of his biiUirnt career, a dangerous antagonist
for the most pricticed and powcrtul members of the New Hampshire
bar'

Though not retiring from general practice. Colonel
! George has devoted his attention largely to railroad
law for many years past, having accepted, in 1867,
the position of solicitor for the Boston and Lowell
Railroad, and established an office in Boston for the
transaction of business in connection with that posi-
tion. He retired from this .position in 1884. For
nearly twenty years previous to that date he had
served as clerk and counsel of the Concord Railroad
corporation, and had already become familiar with
the law of railways and their general relations to the
public. To-day there is no higher living authority
upon railroad law in New England than Colonel
George, — no man who understands more thoroughly
or can state more clearly the respective rights, duties
and obligations of railroad corporations and the peo-
ple in relation to each other, a general understanding
of which is becoming more and more essential to the
fullest measure of our national prosperity. His pub-
lic addresses upon the subject, his arguments before
legislative committees, courts and juries, are models

HISTORY OF MEERIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

of clearness and cogency, admirable in construction
and convincing in eti'ect.

Notwitlistanding his uninterrupted devotion to the
law. Colonel George is no less generally known in
politics than at the bar. Well grounded in the faith
of the Democratic party in his youthful years, his
intimate association with Pierce, Peaslee and other
distinguished leaders of that organization in his early
manhood served to intensify his feelings and convic-
tions in that regard; so he has ever been a ready and
zealous exponent of Democratic principles and a
champion of the Democratic cause, contributing his
services without stint in conventions, in committee
work and upon the stump, doing able and brilliant
service in the latter direction in all parts of the State,
and in almost every campaign for the past thirty-five
years. He long since came to be regarded as one of
the most powerful and efl'ective political debaters in
the State. His eftbrts upon the stump are character-
ized by the same earnestness, the same sledge-hammer
logic and the same comprehensive array of facts as
at the bar. His mode of warfare, political as well as
legal, is of the Napoleonic order. He never assumes
the defensive, and if placed in such position by any
combination of circumstances, he soon transforms it
into one of active aggression.

From 1851 to 1853, inclusive. Colonel George served
as chairman of the Democratic State Committee, and
again in 1856. In 1852 he was also selected as the
New Hampshire member of the Democratic National
Committee, and he was especially active in the cam-
paign, both in the State and the country at large,
which resulted in the election of his friend. General
Pierce, to the Presidency. His service upon the
National Committee continued until 1860. He was a
member of the Democratic National Convention in
1856, and chairman of the State delegation in the
National Convention at Cincinnati, in 1880. At the
State Convention of his party, in September of that
year, he presided, delivering, upon assuming the
chair, one of the ablest addresses ever heard upon a
similar occasion.

His party having been in the minority in New
Hampshire for the past twenty-five years, he has been
comparatively little in public office. Aside from the
non-partisan positions heretofore mentioned, he was
for three years — in 1847, 1848 and again in 1850 —
clerk of the State Senate. In 1853 he was chosen a
member of the Legislature, but resigned his seat to
accept the office of United States attorney. In this
connection it may be mentioned that in 1855 he was
tendered, by President Pierce, the office of sec"
retary of the Territory of Minnesota, which he at
first was inclined to accept, but, after deliberation,
determined to forego the chances for political pro-
motion ordinarily involved in an appointment of that
character, and remain with his friends and his law
practice in his own State. In 1859, Colonel George
received the Democratic nomination for Congress in

the Second District, and again in 1863, when he made
a vigorous canvass, and was defeated by a very close
vote. In 1866 he received the votes of the Demo-
cratic members of the Legislature as their candi-
date for United States Senator. Had he deserted his
party and allied himself with the majority when the
Republicans came into ascendency, he might readily
have commanded the highest honors in the gift of the
State, as others less able than himself have done ; but
his position in the honest regard of the people, irre-
spective of party, is far higher to-day for having
remained true to his convictions and steadfast and
active in their maintenance.

His military title comes from his service as chief
of the staff of Governor Dinsmoor from 1848 to 1850.
He was also for several years , commander in the
brilliant and popular organization known as the
" Governor's Horse-Guards." Asa popular orator,
outside the domain of law and politics, Colonel
George also takes high rank. His oration upon
Daniel Webster, at the centennial celebration of the
birth of that most illustrious son of New Hampshire,
under the auspices of the Webster Club of Concord,
is surpassed in power and felicity of expression by
none which the event anywhere called forth.

Colonel George was united in marriage, in Septem-
ber, 1849, with Miss Susan Ann Brigham, daughter
of Captain Levi Brigham, of Boston, who died May
10, 1862, leaving five children, three sons and two
daughters, — viz. : John Paul, Charles Peaslee, Ben-
jamin Pierce, Jane Appleton, Anne Brigham. In
July, 1864, he married Miss Sal vadora Meade Graham,
daughter of Colonel James D. Graham, of the United
States engineers, by whom he has one child, Charlotte
Graham.

The family residence of Colonel George is the old
paternal mansion on North Main Street, in Concord,
wherein he was born. He has also an excellent farm
a few miles out of the city, in Hopkinton, where he
makes his summer home, and where, in his little
leisure from professional labor, be indulges a fond-
ness for rural pursuits, and especially for the breeding
and care of domestic animals, which was one of the
characteristics of his boyhood. Incidental as this
may be, his farm is known as one of the most highly
cultivated in the section where it is located, and his
horses and Jersey cattle are the admiration of all
lovers of good stock.

As a citizen. Colonel George is public-spirited, and
freely devotes his time and energies to the further-
ance of every movement and the advocacy of every
measure which he believes calculated to promote the
material or educational welfare of the community.
No man in Concord has done more than he to advance
the prosperity of the city in every essential regard.
The efficiency of the public schools has ever been an
object of deep interest to him ; and as a private
citizen, as a member of building Committees and in
the Board of Education, he has given his services

BENCH AND BAK.

freely in perfecting tlie admirably-equipped public-
school system, which is far from the least of the at-
tractions whicli render our capital city one of the
most desirable places of residence in New England.

The general extension of the railway system of
the State, to which most that has been accomplished
in the development of its material resources for the
last twenty-five years is due, has ever found an en-
thusiastic supporter in Colonel George, who has been
and still is directly connected with several railroad
enterprises in ditierent sections, which have proved of
great local and general advantage.

Few men have more or warmer friends than Colo-
nel George. A man of positive opinions, frankly
and honestly delared, he commands the sincere re-
spect of those with whom he comes in contact in all
the relations of life, private, social, public and pro-
fessional. Formidable as an opponent, he is never-
theless fair and honorable, as he is true and faithful
as a friend and ally. He is a prominent member of
the Masonic order, having attained the rank of Sove-
reign Grand Inspector-General of the Thirty-third
Degree, and a member of the "Supreme Council of
the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of the North-
ern Jurisdiction of the United States."

This brief sketch can, perhaps, be no more appro-
ately concluded than in the following language of the
gentleman (Sidney Webster, Esq.) heretofore quoted:

*' Years of incessant toil, wliile they have diiniuisheil somewhat the
energetic temperament and the exuberant animal spirits of Colonel
George's youth, and have naturally softened his once bluut and almost
l-trusque manner in debate, have not diminished the real force and strength
of his genuine character, for character is just what Colonel George has
always had. As the ripples of his experience spread over a wider and
wider area, he may have less and less confidence in the infallibility of any
man's opinions, and less belief in the importance to society of any one
man's action ; but Colonel George has reached and passed his half-cen-
tury with his mental faculties and his moral faculties improving and
strengthening year by year. New Hampshire has to-day very few
among her living sons better equipped to do triumphant battle for her
ill the high places of the world."

Hon. Daxiel Barxakd. — 1. John Barnard was
among the earlier settlers of Massachusetts. He
came to this country in 1634, in the ship " Elizabeth,"
from Ipswich, England, and settled in Watertown.

2. John Barnard, son of the pioneer John Barnard,
had two sons, — Jonathan and Samuel.

3. Jonathan Barnard, inn-holder in Amesbury, v/ho
kept "The Lion's Mouth" in provincial days, was a
captain in the colonial militia, and was prominent in
the affairs of the town in which he lived. His name
heads the list of the sixty original grantees, in 1735,
of the township of New Amesbury, or " Number
One," which was afterwards granted, in 1767, by the
Masonian proprietors, as Warner.

4. Charles Barnard, son of Jonathan, was a soldier
in the patriot army of the Eevolution, and settled in
Warner.

0. Thomas Barnard, son of Charles Barnard, was
born in Warner in 1782 ; married, first, Euth East-
man, of Hopkinton ; second, Phebe, his first wife's

sister. In the fall of 1826 he removed, with his fam-
ily, from Warner to Orange. He died Januai-y 2ii,
1859. His wife, Phebe, died June 30, 1845.

6. Daniel Barnard, son of Thomas and Phebe Bar-
nard, was born in Orange, N. H., January 23, 1827.

This town, though it received some settlers under
its original name of Cardigan as early as 1773, was in
1826, for the most part, still an unbroken wilderness.
When Thomas Barnard went up there and planted
his home on his lot of three hundred acres on the
highlands dividing the waters which flow into the
Pemigewassett from those which flow into the Con-
necticut, the whole territory was still covered by the
primeval forest. The church and the district school
stood together more than three miles oflT, and so con-
tinued till the subject of this notice, the fifth child of
the family, was fourteen years old, no regular school
being established nearer till he was eighteen years old.
But the father being a man of sense and intelligence,
and the mother an uncommonly bright, capable
woman, they not only made the utmost exertion to
give their children the full benefit of the meagre
chances of the district school, but also systematically
supplemented these opportunities with regular study
and teaching in the long winter evenings at home.
The father, a good mathematician, managed the flock
in arithmetic, and the mother handled them in other
branches. At the age of seventeen Daniel was at
the academy in Canaan, several miles from home,
during the winter, and subsequently continued to
work on the farm in the summers and study at the
academy in the winters till he became of age.

During this time he was anxiously endeavoring to
secure the advantages of a college education, and
with this end in view, pursued his preparatory studies
at the Canaan and Boscawen Academies, and at the
Normal Institute at Reed's Ferry, under the tuition
of Professor William Russell, teaching during the
winter seasons.

When he arrived at man's estate he took his stand
with the Free-Soil Democrats, and was elected to rep-
resent the town of Orange in the popular branch of
the Legislature in the years 1848, '49, '50 and '51.

Mr. Barnard was well known in the House from his
first appearance in that body, not merely because so
youthful in appearance, but because, also, of the un-
common capacity, the sincerity and sagacity with
which, in unassuming, almost difiident ways, he met
all his duties ; and in the latter sessions of the four
years' service he became a leader of the Independent
party in the House, an influential member of that
body. At home during the same period he was sleep-
less in his vigilance contriving by sagacious manage-
ment to hold the little band of Free-Soil Democrats
in a solid column, and annually to carry the town till
he left, in the autumn of 1851.

His legislative experience causing him to materially
change his plans for the future, he decided to enter
at once upon the study of law, and at the close of the

HSTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

legislative session of 1851 he entered tke law-office of
Nesmith & Pike, in Franklin.

In 1854, on admission to the bar, he became at once
the junior partner with Mr. Pike in the office in
which he had read his profession, Mr. Nesmith at
that time retiring from the office and extensive busi-
ness which he had so honorably founded and built
into its large proportions. In 1863, Mr. Barnard
withdrew from the firm and established himself alone
in his profession in the same village, rapidly rising
into the very large, wide and lucrative business which
for more than fifteen years has allowed him not so
much as a week or scarcely a day of vacation in the
year. During this period he has had as many stu-
dents in his office constantly as the circumstances of
his office would admit, and has nearly all the time
had a partner in a temporary way. His partner now
is his eldest son, who was graduated at Dartmouth
College, with superior rank, in 1876, at the age of
twenty years, studied his profession in his father's
office and at the Boston Law School, and was admitted
to the bar and into partnership with his father in 1879.
In relation to the business of the office, it is perfectly
safe to add that there has been no time within the
last ten years in which there has not been a formida-
ble amount of business piled up awaiting attention,
notwithstanding the most sleepless, indefatigable in-
dustry which Mr. Barnard has brought to his duties.
For many years he has not only regularly attended
all the courts in the counties of Merrimack, Belknap,
and the Plymouth sessions of Grafton, but has con-
stantly attended the United States Circuit Courts,
practicing in bankrupt, patent and revenue cases.
The reports of the courts fully support the statements
here made on this subject.

The esteem in which Mr. Barnard is held by the
immediate community in which he lives has been
casually mentioned. Though never seeking office,
he has been often chosen to places of responsibility
by his townsmen. In 1860 and 1862 he represented
the town in the Legislature, and in all political con-
tests in the town in which he has been candidate for
the suffrages of his townsmen he has always run
much ahead of the party ticket. In 1865 and 1866
he was a member of the State Senate, presiding over
that body in the latter-named year ; in 1870 and 1871
he was a member of the Governor's Council, and in
1872 was a member of the National Republican Con-
vention at Philadelphia. He was solicitor of Merri-
mack County from 1867 till 1872, when he declined a
reappointment, again declining the position in 1877.
He was a firm, earnest supporter of the homestead-
exemption law of 1850, which was opposed by most of
the legal profession in the Legislature, and introduced
the resolution in the House which first gave the
members a daily paper. As a member of the Senate
in 1867 he took a profound interest in the amendment
of the Federal Constitution prohibiting slavery,
making an able and effective argument, which was

published at the time, in its support in that body.
In the cause of education he has always been a
foremost friend in Franklin and throughout the
State. His own early struggles have doubtless con-
tributed to make him peculiarly a friend of the com-
mon school, and his experience as a teacher in his
early years gives him practical wisdom in the cause.
While studying his profession in Franklin he was,
from year to year employed in the teachers' institutes,
which did a large work in awakening higher ideas of
the mission of the common school in New Hampshire
during that period, and in that business he was in
nearly every county of the State. Sensible of his own
personal misfortune in having so little early chance for
schooling, his voice and his open hand are always on
the side which aims to give enlargement to the edu-
cation of the masses of the people, and in his own
family is .seen his appreciation of the higher grades
of education. In 1867 the honorary degree of Master
of Arts was conferred upon him by Dartmouth Col-
lege.

Mr. Barnard has been prominently identified with
all the leading industries which have been established
in Franklin, and which have so remarkably built up
the town within the last twenty years. He procured
the charters and helped organize all the large cor-
porations; has been a continuous trustee of the
Franklin Library Association since its establishment,
more than fifteen years ago, and a trustee of the
Franklin Savings-Bank since its establishment, in
1865; legal counsel of the Franklin Falls Company
from its organization, in 1864, and for many years
its local agent, and is, and has been from the
first, a director and vice-president of the Franklin
National Bank, organized in that town in 1880.

As a lawyer Mr. Barnard ranks very high in the
profession, his advice being eagerly sought by all cla.s-
ses, but no person, however poor, with a meritorious
cause was ever turned away from his office to make
room for a richer or more powerful client. His
client's cause becomes his, and his whole energy is
directed to winning for him what he believes he
should have. His terse and logical arguments are
especially powerful before a jury, and his eloquent
voice has often been heard in legislative halls, leading
and guiding the law-making assemblies, and in po-
litical meetings sustaining the motives and policy of
his party

In the social, humane and religious work of the
community he has always been active and efficient,
generous almost to a fault in every good enterprise,
and in these spheres of duty he has ever had the
efficient co-operation of a cultivated and, it is not too
much to add, a model Christian wife, — Amelia, only
child of Rev. William Morse, a Unitarian clergyman,
of Chelmsford, Mass., at the time of the marriage, —
to whom he was married November 8, 1854. Mr.
Morse, now deceased, was one of the pioneer clergy-
men of the Unitarian faith in this country, was many

BENCH AND BAK.

years pastor of the Callowhill Street Church, Phila-
delphia, aud an able and excellent minister. His
wife was Sophronia, daughter of Abner Kueeland, of
Boston, an able aud upright man, whose trial on the
technical charge of blasphemy, but really for the
publication of heretical religious doctrines, was a
most noted episode in New England forty years ago.
Jlrs. Morse was a noble woman. BIr. Morse and his
wife resided during the last years of their pleasant
lives in Franklin, near their daughter, who watched
with singular tenderness over the closing years of the
]iarents to whom she is indebted for superior train-
ings, as well as superior ability.

Their union has been blessed with seven children,
six of whom — four sons and two daughters — are now
living.

William Morse, the eldest son, has been mentioned.
James Ellery, the second son, entered Dartmouth
College, but left at the end of his sophomore year,
and is in business in Boston.

Charles Daniel and Frank Eugene are both at
school, the former being a student at Phillips Exeter
Academy.

Emma Sophronia, the elder of the two daughters,
is married to Captain Samuel Pray, of Portsmouth,
N. H.

Mary Amelia was graduated at Smith College in
1881, and lives at home.

Jo-SEPH B. Walker is the son of Captain
Joseph Walker, and the great-grandson of Kev.
Timothy Walker, the first minister of Concord. He
was born on the paternal farm June 12, 1822. He
was fitted for college largely at Exeter, and graduated
at Yale in 1844. He studied law in the oflice of Hon.
Charles H. Peaslee, of Concord, and at the Harvard
Law School, and was admitted to the New Hampshire
bar in March, 1847.

A year or two after his admission to the bar he re-
linquished his profession, and has since been devoted
to general business.

He inherited the family farm, one of the largest in
Concord, which he has greatly improved by working,
draining, fertilizing, etc., thereby trebling its produc-
tiveness.

From 1845 to 1866, when its third charter expired,
Mr. Walker was a director of the Merrimack County
Bank. This was a State institution, and its managers
not caring to continue it as a national bank, its exis-
tence ceased with its third charter, after a successful
career of sixty years. In 1865 he was elected presi-
dent of the New Hampshire Savings-Bank, in Concord,
one of the oldest institutions for savings in New
Hampshire, and remained at its head until 1874.
Upon its organization in 1880 he was elected one of
the directors of the Mechanics' National Bank, and
is still a member of that board.

About 1847 he was elected clerk of the board of
directors of the Northern Railroad and, a few years
later, a director, which two offices he hold for several

years. Some twelve or fifteen years ago he became a
director of the Concord and Portsmouth Eailroad, a
position which he still holds.

Mr. Walker took an early interest in the New
Hampshire Asylum for the Insane, and became one
of its trustees in 1847 and its secretary in 1848.
These positions he still occupies, having held them
for nearly . forty years. Being a resident trustee, he
has had much active service in connection with the
outside business of that institution. Since his con-
nection with it, its accommodations for patients have
increased from those for ninety-six patients to ample
ones for three hundred and fifty.

He has ever taken an active interest in the New
Hampshire Historical Society, of which he became a
member in 1845 and has since served it in various
ways, acting as its librarian from 1845 to 1850, its
recording secretary from 1849 to 1853, its second
vice-president from 1860 to 1861, its first vice-presi-
dent from 1861 to 1866, and its president from 1866
to 1868. He was also active in the successful eftbrts
to procure for it a permanent habitation of its own
and in fitting this to meet the wants of the institu-
tion.

He also took a deep interest in the founding of the
New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Me-
chanic Arts. He was chairman of the special com-
mittee of the House of Eepresentatives, in 1866 to
whom this subject was committed, drew and reported
the bill establishing it, which, with some modifica-
tions, passed both branches of the Legislature, and
after its organization was for a year or two one of its
trustees. His name now stands upon its catalogue as
lecturer to its students upon the subjects of drainage
and irrigation.

Mr. Walker has always felt a deep interest in the
welfare of his native city. Twice — in 1866 and 1867
— he has represented it in the Legislature, and for
two years he was a member of its Board of Aldermen.
The educational interests of the city have also
received his earnest support. Up to about 1850 the
schools of Concord had been as poor as those of any
other large town in the State. The consolidation of
the three districts in the central part of the city into
one, since known as Union School District, was
the first important step in their improvement. The
second was the establishment of a Board of Education
in this district. These two steps subsequently secured
a new interest on the part of its people in the welfare
of their schools. A systematic grading of the schools
aud a rebuilding of all its school-houses, with such
additional buildings as the wants of the schools re-
quired, were the third and fourth in this important
work, which required large expenditures of money
by the district and large expenditures of time, skill
and patience on the part of the Board of Education.
The result has been the elevation of the schools to a
level with that of the good schools of New England,
and the placing within the reach of all the cliiklrea

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

of this district the means of attaining a respectahle
English or classical education.

Mr. Walker was one of the original members of
this Board of Education, and by successive elections
was continued such for thirteen years, at the expira-
tion of which period he felt that he had contributed
his share of work in this direction, and retired.

Mr. Walker was one of the original members of
the committee appointed by the city for the purchase
of a new cemetery, and took an active part in laying
out the grounds of Blossom Hill Cemetery, in 1860,
and in securing a proper ordinance for the regulation
of its affairs. After a service of ten years he retired
from this position, in 1870.

He has ever been a good deal interested in agricul-
tural and historical subjects ; from time to time has
written papers, and on various occasions has delivered
addresses upon these. All the fourteen volumes of
"Reports of the Secretary of the Board of Agricul-
ture " contain one or more of these, with the excep-
tion of the thirteenth. Before the New Hampshire
Historical Society and the New England Historic
Genealogical Society he has repeatedly read papers
upon historical and biographical subjects ; many of
these latter have been printed.

Anson Southard Marshall^ was born in Lyme,
New Hampshire, December 3d, 1822, and died
in Concord on the morning of July 5th, 1874. His
father was a farmer, and young Anson's boyhood
was passed on the farm, where his naturally delicate
constitution became strong aud vigorous and thus en-
abled him, in the succeeding years of his busy life, to
bear its fatigues and worriments without seriously
affecting his health. At an early age he inclined to-
wards reading and study ; and, although he did not
neglect the sports incident to his gleeful disposition,
young Marshall found time to indulge in a course of
reading somewhat unusual for one of his years. With
an ambition like this, it was but natural that he
should turn his eyes towards that venerable seat of
learning only a few miles distant from his father's
homestead.

Accordingly, he entered Dartmouth College at the
age of twenty-one, having fitted himself in the space
of eighteen months while at the academy at Thetford.
Among his classmates were the Hon. James W. Pat-
terson, now superintendent of State instruction, the
Hon. Henry P. Eolfe, Albert H. Crosby, M.D., and
many others since distinguished in their various
walks of life. He was graduated in the class of 1848,
and, like many a young graduate of that time, sought
his immediate livelihood in the vocation of school-
teacher. In this he was singularly fortunate. About
the year 1849 the town of Fitchburg, Mass., estab-
lished a High School, and the committee having the
selection of teachers in charge chose Mr. Marshall
from a large number of applicants. To the wisdom

' By Charles R. Con

of this choice the old people testify to this day, and
his name is held in most affectionate regard by those
who attended the school during his principalship.
As a teacher, he was remarkably successful ; his
method of instruction was such as to interest the
scholar without the tediousness of an unchanging
routine.

As an illustration of his originality as a teacher, he
once dismissed his class and went with it to a circus,
in order, as he said, that his scholars might see the
exceeding suppleness and perfection of the human
body as shown by the performers. As a practical
lesson in anatomy, this deviation from the truly or-
thodox regulation may have proved productive of
much good.

While in Fitchburg, Mr. Marshall entered his
name in the law-office of Wood & Torrey, but his
school duties must have prevented any serious or
deep researches in the literature of that profession,
to which he afterward dedicated his life.

He often referred to the time he spent in Fitch-
burg as one of the pleasantest of his life, and when-
ever, in after-years, business called him in its neigh-
borhood, he was sure to visit the old scenes aud to
receive the hearty welcome of those of his old friends
who yet remained.

In 1851 he left Fitchburg and came to Concord,
where he lived to the day of his death. Entering
the law-office of President Pierce and Judge Josiah
Minot, he made good progress in his studies, and the
next year was admitted to the bar.

A partnership was formed with his former class-
mate, Mr. Rolfe, which continued until 1859, and
was then dissolved, Mr. Marshall remaining alone
until 1863, when William M. Chase, Esq., became
associated with him under the name of Marshall &
Chase.

There is, probably, no State in the Union where
politics are more assiduously cultivated than in New
Hampshire, and especially by the lawyers ; so, when
Mr. Marshall found himself again in liis native
State, his active mind inevitably turned to party
questions. He came from a stanch Democratic
family, and his later associations were of the same
political faith. One of the eminent lawyers with
whom he had studied was President of the United
States, the other was one of the wisest counselors in
the Democratic camp, and it is not surprising that
the young man just entering into life should take an
active part in the management and detail of the
campaigns.

He was elected assistant clerk of the House of
Representatives, and, later, was appointed district
attorney by President Buchanan, which oflice he
held until the advent of the Lincoln administration.
The fascination of politics never wore off, and he
continued to render his party efficient service on the
stump and in the council-room.

In 1867 he was chairman of the Democratic State

( r/t^

fr^L^U //i/^a/^/l

BENCH AND BAR.

Committee during one of the most exciting cam-
paigns ever waged. Andrew Johnson had broken
with the Republican party, and as New Hampshire
then held its election in March, the great eye of the
nation was fixed on the Granite State to see if she
wavered in the fidelity to those principles which had
so long guided her.

The fight was bitter and hotly contested, but Mr.
Marshall and his party were beaten. His genial
nature, however, did not suffer from the defeat, his
cheery ways were not lessened, and there lurked in
his generous mind no feeling of resentment or of
revenge either toward his own party or his opponents.

In the spirited contestbetweenthe Northern and the
Concord Railroads Mr. Marshall was an active factor,
and about 1870 was elected clerk of the latter corpo-
ration, a position which he held at the time of his
death.

But law was, most truly, Mr. Marshall's forte, and
to it he devoted the best years of his life.

He was not a learned, nor was he even an unusu-
ally well-read lawyer, but few, indeed, excelled him in
getting at the pith of the case or in applying the
necessary legal principles. He possessed a confidence
and courage that helped him to conquer difficulties
which others might have deemed insurmountable,
and, above all, a tact which never failed him. He
was uniformly polite not only to the bench and to
the bar, but to the witnesses arrayed against him.
Nor was his manner of cross-examination severe
except when he knew the truth was held back ; and
even then he depended more on worrying the wit-
ness than on vehement denunciation.

His knowledge of human nature was large, and he
knew almost by intuition which juryman needed his
particular attention.

But it was as an advocate that Mr. Marshall attracted
the public notice, for he so invested his arguments
with wit and humor that the court-room was sure to
be filled whenever it became known that he was to
address the jury. His manner of speech was quiet,
but he never failed to indulge in invective and sar-
casm if the cause demanded it, and with these
weapons he was counted a most dangerous adversary.

He rarely, if ever, wrote out and committed his
speeches, either political or forensic ; but he care-
fully thought them out as he walked the streets, and
this, together with his exceeding readiness, both of
words and of apt illustrations, often misled his
hearears as to the method of his preparation.

One element that distinguished him was his habit
of putting himself in his client's place ; he seemed
to feel his cause and to make it his own.

His law practice increased year by year, and at
the time of his death had become one of the largest
in the State.

Mr. Marshall was one of those happily organized
men who enjoyed life and its blessings to the utmost ;
he could lock law cases in his office and go forth

among society with a seeming forgetfulness of his
morrow's labors, and it was in this way that he found
that temporary recreation so indispensable to the
brain-worker.

He was exceedingly fond of nature and loved to
roam round the beautiful drives of Concord, whose
beauty he so keenly appreciated. Indeed, it was the
love of such outings that led him to his terrible death.

He was one of the most charming conversational-
ists that ever lived, for his vast reading had made
him a full man, and there was no subject upon which
he could not entertain his hearers. His quick wit
and readiness at repartee gave his conversation a
sparkle and lustre that never failed to delight even
those whose opinions were at variance with his own.

But one of his most beautiful traits was his liking
for boys and young men. They were attracted to
him by his politeness, for Mr. Marshall made it his
habit to bow to everybody, no matter how humble,
and aside from this, he often paused in his walks to
inquire of them about their studies or their pas-
times. He took much pleasure in recommending
courses of reading to the young, and willingly lent
his own books to encourage them.

His taste in reading was excellent, and his library
contained the works of the great writers and poets.

It may not be out of place to say that his favorite
author was Scott, and his favorite poem " Gray's
Elegy."

He had a strong memory, and oftentimes, while
in his company, I have heard him quote long passages
from Shakespeare, Milton and others, and so accu-
rately that he seldom halted for a word.

In religion Mr. Marshall entertained very liberal
views of man's duty and man's reward, although for
the last years of his life he was an attendant at the
South Congregational Church, and his funeral ser-
vices were conducted by its minister.

He retained the respect of his fellow-citizens, for
he was active and full of public spirit, and it was
with hea^-y hearts that those with whom he had lived
so long learned of his tragic death.

On the bright morning of July 4, 1874, he drove
with his wife and young son to the grove at the head
of Lake Penacook, where he intended to lunch. A
militia company, encamped on the grounds not many
rods away, suddenly began firing at a target. Mr.
Marshall heard the bullets whistle near and called
out to the men to be careful. He then rose to his feet
and was instantly shot in the abdomen. The wound
was mortal, and death ended his agonies a few hours
later.

His funeral was largely attended by all classes of
society ; the bench and the bar and the State gov-
ernment were all represented.

He lies in Blossom Hill Cemetery, on the ridge
facing the north, and near him lie his friends Ira
Perley, Charles C. Lund, George G. Fogg, John Y.
Mugridge and Asa Fowler.

114C34

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

At the next term of the Supreme Court after his
death the following resolutions were entered upon
the records :

" Resolved, That in the recent sudden and untimely death of Anson S.
Marshall, Esq., a prominent member of this bar, struck down in the
vigor of life and the full possession of all his powers, through the culpable,
if not criminal, carelessness of others, we regret the loss of a frank and
courteous gentleman, a kind and genial associate and companion, a gen-
erous and public-spirited citizen and an active, zealous and able lawyer,
always untiring in his devotion to the interests of his clients and ever
laborious and patient in the practice of his chosen profession.

*' Resolved, That we tender to the family of our deceased brother our
sincerest sympathy in the afflictive dispensation which has deprived
them of an affectionate husband and indulgent father.

" Resolved, That these resolutions be presented to the Court, with a re-
quest that they be entered upon the records, and their clerk instructed
jy of them to the family of the deceased."

Mr. Marshall was married to Mary Jane Corning
April 9, 1861. Anson Southard Marshall, Jr., was
born March 29, 1863, and is now studying law in the
office of Chase & Streeter.

Hon. Geoege Washington Nesmith, LL.D.' —
One of the most affable and genial gentlemen of the
old school is Judge Nesmith, of Franklin, or, more
widely, of New Hampshire. His years sit lightly
upon him. An honorable man, a just judge, a kindly
neighbor, a good citizen and a ripe scholar, he can
calmly sit in his well-appointed library, surrounded
by his well-loved books and mementoes of the past,
and review a well-spent life, crowned with honors.
He is of pure Scotch-Irish descent. In him are
united the families of the old Covenanters, the de-
fenders of Londonderry, the hardy pioneers of New
England, the heroes of Bunker Hill and the strict
Presbyterians ; the Nesmiths, the McKeans, the Dins-
mores and the Dickeys. He comes of a brave and
cultured race.

Genealogy.'' — 1. James Nesmith was born in county
Antrim, Ireland, in the valley of the Banu, in the
year 1692, about two years after his parents, coming
from Scotland, had settled there. In 1714 he married
Elizabeth, daughter of James and Janet (Cochran)
McKean, who was his companion for nearly half a
century. James Nesmith was one of the signers of
the memorial to Governor Shute, March 26, 1718, one
of the proprietors of Londonderry and one of the
original sixteen who made the first settlement of that
town, April 22, 1719. James Nesmith was a strong
man, respected and honored by his associates, and an
elder in the church. He died in 1767.

2. James Nesmith, Jr., son of James and Elizabeth
(McKean) Nesmith, was born in Ireland in 1718,
shortly before the embarkation of his parents for
America. He married Mary Dinsmore, and settled
in Londonderry. Although beyond the military age,
he took an active part in the struggle for indepen-
dence, and was present at the battle of Bunker Hill,

'By J. N. McClintock.

2 This account is taken from the " History of .

. Cochrane.

at the siege of Boston and at Bennington. He died
at home, July 15, 1793.

3. Jonathan Nesmith, son of James and Mary
(Dinsmore) Nesinith, was born in Londonderry in
August, 1759. At the age of sixteen he commenced
to clear a lot in Antrim, and permanently settled
there in 1778. He was one of the leading spirits of
the town, an elder of the Presbyterian Church from
its formation, a selectman for eleven years and a rep-
resentative four years, commencing with 1796. For
fifty years he missed but one communion. He was
genial, jolly, good-natured and enjoyed a joke ; was
very hospitable and benevolent ; anxious for the pub-
lic welfare ; stoutly in earnest to maintain the faith
of his fathers. He was a man of strong ability, good
judgment, irreproachable character and an honor to
the town he helped to establish. He married Elea-
nor, daughter of Adam and Jane (Strahan) Dickey, of
Londonderry, and granddaughter of John and Mar-
garet Dickey, of Londonderry, Ireland. She was
born January 1, 1761, and died September 17, 1818.
He died at the age of eighty-six, October 15, ) 845.

4. George Washington Nesmith, son of Jonathan
and Eleanor (Dickey) Nesmith, was born in Antrim,
October 23, 1800.

Life. — His father's residence in Antrim was situate
a mile from the district school-house, and the dis-
tance and his lameness interfered with his early
attendance. Miss Katheriue Miller, a sister of Gene-
ral James Miller, later wife of John Caldwell, of
Antrim, led him through the rudiments as found
in Noah Webster's spelling-book. She was an ami-
able and kind woman, well calculated to gain the
affections of children. The other teachers who helped
to mould his character were Miss Luciuda Lawrence,
of Ashby, Mass.; Miss Fanny Baldwin, afterwards
wife of Dr. Israel Burnham ; and Miss Anstress Wood-
bury, a sister of Hon. Levi Wood^ry, who in later
years married Hon. NehemiainEastman, and who
became the early friend and patron of Henry Wilson
in his boyhood. In the winter of 1810 he received
instruction from J. Miltimore, of West Newbury,
Mass.; in 1811, from Joshua Holt, of Greenfield,
N. H.; and in 1812, '13 and '14, from Daniel M.
Christie, of Antrim, afterwards of Dover, N. H. In
early life, in the school-room, Mr. Christie gave evi-
dence of superior ability as an instructor, and ranked
as a model schoolmaster. He was an able mathe-
matician, and could lead a class through the intrica-
cies of figures with consummate tact.

In May, 1814, the boy was sent from hcnne and
placed at Jaffrey, under the instruction of Henry
Cummings. His companions were Luke Woodbury
and Samuel Dakin, of Utica, N. Y., the former for
many years judge of Probate, while the latter lived
to see his five sons take degrees from his own alma
mater, Hamilton College. To Rev. John M. Whiton,
minister at Antrim, was he chiefly indebted for his
progress in the classics and his early preparation to

^co.Wr J\fidrrwPfb,

BENCH AND BAK.

enter Dartmouth College. His course of four years
embraced the stormy, threatening period when the
Legislature of the State attempted to establish the
Dartmouth University, and deprive the trustees of
the college of their jurisdiction.

In the class of 1820, with Judge Nesmith, were
graduated Hon. Nathan Crosby, of Lowell, Hon.
George P. Marsh, Judges Upham and Woodbury,
Hon. H. Williams and James W. Parker, and Rev.
David Goodwillie, D.D., now of Trumbull County,
Ohio, who yet survives.

After graduation he taught school at " the north
end of Concord Street" four months, and at the
academy at Bradford, Vt., eighteen months

He commenced the study of the law with Parker
Noyes, Esq. (then of Salisbury, N. H.), August 14,
1822. Parker Noyes was the brother-in-law of Hon.
Thomas W. Thompson, and his law-partner from a.d.
1801, continuing to 1807, when the firm was dis-
solved, and Mr. Noyes succeeded to the whole busi-
ness of the late firm.

He commenced the study of the law under the de-
pressing influence of poor health, but by adopting a
rigid system of out-door exercise and manual labor,
and strictly adhering to it for nearly two years, he
regained his accustomed strength and vigor. The
law business of Mr. Noyes was quite extensive, and
required more than the ability and strength of one
man to attend to it, so that the hearty co-operation of
the young law student was duly appreciated and
handsomely recompensed. Mr. Nesmith was ad-
mitted to the bar in August, 1825, and immediately
formed an equal partnership with Mr. Noyes, which
continued until the end of one year, when the senior
member of the firm withdrew from professional labor,
on account of sickness, and surrendered the whole
business to Mr. Nesmith. The kindness and liber-
ality of Mr. Noyes to the young lawyer, on the
threshold of his business life, has ever been rightly
appreciated by the recipient.

The old law-office stood in the lower village of
Franklin (then Salisbury, now known as the Webster
Place). It was originally built and occupied about
1790, by Thomas W. Thompson. Its situation, near
the point where four of the five great counties of the
State then cornered, was well selected for legal busi-
ness. Mr. Thompson was a good lawyer, but not a
great advocate. His students acquired good, indus-
trious habits and correct principles. They were
Moses Eastman, Daniel Webster, Ezekiel Webster,
Daniel Abbot, Jeremiah H. Woodman, Jacob Mc-
Gaw and Parker Noyes. Ichabod Bartlett, D. C.
Atkinson, John A. Harper, Josiah Houghton, Pea-
body Rogers and William C. Thompson studied with
Mr. Noyes. To the last named, Mr. Nesmith owed his
invitation to leave his school in Bradford, Vt., and
enter the office consecrated to legal lore as a student.

In April, 1829, Mr. Nesmith gave up the office at
the lower village and removed to the upper village,

.where he has ever since resided. The old office is
still in existence, reduced from its lofty station, and
now doing duty as a neglected back kitchen, the law-
tomes being replaced by the more humble pans and
kettles.

Mr. Nesmith at once took an active part in the
affairs of his adopted home, and entered eagerly into
the scheme to incorporate the territory from the four
towns of Northfield, Sanbornton, Andover and Salis-
bury into a township, when there would be a com-
munity of interest, — the town of Franklin. The first
petition was presented in 1824. The following year
a viewing committee, consisting of William Plumer,
Jr., Caleb Keith and Abel Merrill, examined the ter-
ritory, and reported favorably in 1826. The Legisla-
ture of that year rejected the application on the
ground that a majority of the inhabitants within the
territory in question were not in favor of the new
town. In June, 1828, there was more union and con-
sequently more strength, and the petition was pre-
sented under more favorable auspices. Although
opposed by the strenuous effisrts and influence of
three towns, the charter was granted in December,
1828. Judge Nesmith wrote the charter and gave
the town its name. The three opposing towns, at the
June session, 1829, asked that the several tracts of
territory taken from them should be restored. An
order of notice was obtained for a hearing of this
subject, returnable at June session, 1830. To the
Legislature of that year Mr. Nesmith was elected to
represent the young town, and advocate the inviola-
bility of its territory. The struggle came on in June.
The first hearing ^vas before the committee on towns
and parishes, of which Hon. Franklin Pierce was
chairman. The committee, by a majority of one, re-
ported adversely to the towns ; but their report, after
a long and well-contested debate, was rejected by the
House by two majority. The territory taken i'rom
Northfield was restored to her on a final vote, the
matter being settled by the casting vote of the
Sjjeaker. Twenty-six years afterwards this disputed
territory, with more added, was quietly ceded to
Franklin. His first legislative experience was ardu-
ous and repulsive to Mr. Nesmith, and by the division
of the town he saw his majority fade away. How-
ever, he entered into the canvass of 1831 with vigor,
and had the satisfaction of being re-elected by a ma-
jority of fifty — an increased majority over that of the
previous election. Judge Nesmith also represented
Franklin in the Legislature in 1832, 1834, 1835, 1836,
1838, 1839, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1854, 1871 and
1872, and was a member of the Constitutional Con-
vention in 1850 and 1851.

From the first he took advanced grounds on the
subject of extending the system of railroads through
the State and in granting to them the right of way,
which was for a long time bitterly contested. From
its organization, in 1845, he has been actively inter-
ested in the Northern Railroad, having been a director

HISTORY OF MERKIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

on every board and for eight years president of the
corporation. In 1852 and 1853 he became interested
in manufacturing in the village of Franklin, and was
an owner and director in the woolen-factory, de-
stroyed by fire in 1858.

December 31, 1859, he was appointed one of the
judges of the Supreme Judicial Court, which respon-
sible trust he exercised until October, 1870, when,
having reached the age of seventy years, the consti-
tution of the State relieved him from further duty.
The last term of court over which he presided he
brought to a close on the day before his seventieth
birth-day.

In the cause of education, and especially in Dart-
mouth College, his alma mater, in all its departments,
he has ever been deeply interested. Since 1858 he
has been a trustee of that venerable institution ; since

1870 a trustee of the New Hampshire Agricultural
College ; since 1877 its president.

For the last fifty years of his life Judge Nesmith
has owned and occupied real estate that has required
cultivation. He has therefore taken a deep interest
in the measures adopted to improve the condition of
the agriculture of our State. He has been enrolled
among the practical farmers of the State. He lent
his aid in organizing our New Hampshire State
Agricultural Society in 1850-51, and acted as its
president during those years.

In 1871 Dartmouth College conferred upon him
the degree of LL.D. The incorporation and estab-
lishment of the New Hampshire Orphans' Home, in

1871 (of which institution he has been president since
it.s organization), and its maintenance since, has oc-
cupied much of Judge Nesmith's attention of late
years, and he takes a paternal interest in every little
orphan received there. He has attended to the pur-
chase of the property and its daily support since, to
the employment of the labor necessary for carrying
on the farm and the other departments of the insti-
tution, disbursing all the money from the treasury.

In politics Judge Nesmith was a Whig, and has
been a Republican from the organization of the party.
For many years he has been a member of the Con-
gregational Church of Franklin, and is a consistent,
if not an active, member. As a lawyer, he has the
reputation of closing many lawsuits and stopping
much litigation. His clients have always reposed
the utmost confidence in his judgment. During his
connection with the bar of Merrimack County he
has been engaged in many heavy lawsuits. Among
the students who have studied with him are Hon.
Asa P. Cate, Hon. Stephen G. Nash, Hon. Austin
F. Pike, Hon. Daniel Barnard, John Bell Bouton,
Daniel A. Clark, Walter P. Flanders and Frederick
Bartlett. One of the most pleasant reminiscences of
his life is his friendship and intimacy with the
" Great E.xpounder," Daniel Webster.

Friendly relations with Mr. Web.ster had existed
for a number of years. As one of the Whig dele-

gates from this State, elected for the purpose of
nominating a President in 1848, when Zachary Tay-
lor was finally nominated. Judge Nesmith gave his
vote for Mr. Webster. He also supported him at the
Whig National Convention at Baltimore, in June,
1852, as his favorite candidate for the same oflttee,
having cast for him, at the several (fifty) ballotings
there made, his vote. About one week's time was con-
sumed in making a choice at this memorable contest,
when General Scott was nominated, and without
much chance of an election.

September 26, 1826, he was joined in marriage to
Mary M., daughter of Samuel and Annie (Bedel)
Brooks, granddaughter of General Timothy Bedel, of
Revolutionary fame. ]\Irs. Nesmith was born in
Haverhill, July 8, 1799, and died, much lamented.
May 31, 1885. Of their children, but one survives.
George Brooks Nesmith, born February 13, 1831,
died October 26, 1852, while a member of the junior
class of Dartmouth College. Arthur Sidney Nesmith,
born March 30, 1833, served the State during the War
of the Rebellion in the quartermaster's department,
holding the rank of captain ; married Mary E.
Moulder, of Washington, D. C. ; served as represent-
ative in the Legislature for the town of Franklin for
the years 1868 and 1869, and died, deeply lamented,
August 18, 1877, from the result of disease contracted
in the army, leaving two daughters, who still survive,
aged, respectively, fifteen and twelve years. Annie
Nesmith, born July 24, 1841, resides with her father.

In closing this imperfect sketch of Judge Nesr-
mith's life, I will quote the summing up of his
character in Rev. W. R. Cochrane's "History of An-
trim:" "He is a man of noble principles and hon-
ored life, enjoying, in his old age, the highest confi-
dence and esteem of men ; " a lawyer of sound
judgment, of good sense, a safe counselor and an
honest man.

As a sequel to the words of Mr. McClintock, we
would add that Judge Nesmith has now arrived to a
green old age, having nearly reached the age of
eighty-five years.

From the experience and lessons of his early life
he was taught the benefits of active out-door exercise.

By the observance of the general rules laid down
for preserving good health, and under the power of
a kind Providence, he has realized much enjoy-
ment in his latter days. Though Cicero did not die
at a very advanced age, yet, in his treatise on old
age, he knew how to prescribe correct rules for the
aged (page 157), —

" You see, that old age not only should not be slug-
gish and inactive, but also industrious, and always
doing something." No doubt the steady, active em-
ployment of all our faculties tends to prolong our
lives and give a zest to old age.

Amid the enjoyments of the protracted life of Judge

BENCH AND BAR.

Nesraith, still there have been mingled in his cup
many of the trials and sorrows incident to the death
of many intimate friends. The loss of these friends
and the certain termination allotted to all earthly
life now serve as faithful monitors that but a few
days at best remain for the accomplishment of life's
work here, and that much diligence is required to
perfect it.

Hun. IsA.ic N. Blodgett was born in the town of
Canaan, November 6, 18.38. His father was the late
Hon. Caleb Blodgett, a prominent citizen of Grafton
County, who served many years in the Legislature,
and was also a member of the Senate and of the
E.Kecutive Council. Hon. Jeremiah Blodgett, of
Wentworth, is his uncle. He received a thorough
education at the Canaan Academy, read law with
Hon. William P. Weeks and Anson S. Marshall, and
commenced the practice of his profession at Canaan
in December, 1862. In 1867 he removed to Franklin,
and was a partner of Hon. Austin F. Pike until March,
1879.

He was four years a member of the House of
Eepresentatives from Franklin, taking a leading
position upon the Democratic side, and was an active
member of the Constitutional Convention of 1876. He
has taken strong interest in political affairs, and was
chairman of the Democratic State Committee in 1876
and 1877.

He was appointed an associate justice of the Su-
preme Court, November 30, 1880, a position which
lie still occupies.

In June, 1860, he was united in marriage to Sarah
A., daughter of Kev. M. Gerould. They have one
child, a daughter, now a member of Wellesley Female
College.

E. B. S. Sanborx was born in Canterbury, N. H.,
August 11, 1833. He graduated at Dartmouth Col-
lege in 1855 and read law with Nesmith & Pike, and
was admitted to the bar in 1857. He settled in
Franklin in 1868, where he has since resided. He
has represented the town several terms in the. Legis-
lature and is at present one of the railroad commis-
sioners of the State.

Aaron Whittemore, Jr., son of Hon. Aaron
Whittemore, was born at Pembroke in 1849. He was
educated at Pembroke Academy and Harvard Law
School, read law with Hon. John M. Shirley, of An-
dover, admitted to the bar in 1870, at the age of twenty-
one, and commenced practice in Pittsfield, where he
continued until his death, May 4, 1885. He was a mem-
ber of the last State Senate and judge-advocate on the
staif of Brigadier-General White, commanding New
Hampshire National Guard, and was also captain of
Weston Guards, of the Third Regiment. He was iden-

tified with the best interests of Pittsfield, and was a
worthy and highly-respected citizen and lawyer.

John M. Shirley was born in what is now East
Tilton November 16, 1831. He was admitted to the
bar in 1854, and soon after commenced practice in
Andover, where he has since resided. He has asso-
ciated with him in Andover Mr. George W. Stone,
under the firm name of Shirley & Stone; he has also
an office in Concord, in partnership with Colonel John
H. George, under the firm name of George & Shirley.
jMr. Shirley is also deeply interested in historical
matters. He is a Democrat in politics.

Hon. Ira A. Ea.stman was born at Gilmanton,
N. H., January 1, 1809. He was the son of Captain
Stephen and Hannah Eastman. He was graduated
at Dartmouth College in 1829, at the early age of
twenty. He immediately commenced the study of
law with the late Judge John Willard, of Troy, N. Y.,
in which city he commenced the practice of his pro-
fession in 1832. His love for his native State and
town, however, induced him to return to Gilmanton
in 1834, where he continued his practice. He was
clerk of the New Hampshire Senate in 1835. As
evidence of the esteem and confidence his townsmen
reposed in him, they sent him to the Legislature in
the years 1836, 1837, 1838, over which body he was
the presiding oflicer the two last years. From 1839
to 1843 he was representative in Congress. He was
one of the circuit judges of the Court of Common
Pleas from 1844 to 1849, and a judge of the Supreme
Judicial Court from 1855 to December 1, 1859, at
which time he resigned the office. He had also been
one of the justices of the Superior Court of Judica-
ture from 1849 to 1855.

Judge Eastman was a thorough and industrious
student, and by his diligence became learned in the
law. His attention to his profession always gave him
plenty of clients, and he never lacked business while
he was in active practice. He was an eminent jurist,
as his opinions in many volumes of the New Hamp-
shire Reports abundantly testify. Judge Eastman
was trustee of Dartmouth College at the time of his
death, and that institution conferred the degree of
LL.D. upon him in 1858. He died at Manchester
in March, 1881.

Austin F. Pike, of Franklin, N. H., was born
October 16, 1819; received an academic education;
studied law and was admitted to the bar of Merrimack
County in July, 1845, and has been in active practice
since ; was a member of the New Hampshire House
of Representatives in 1850, '51, '52, '65 and '66, and
Speaker of the House the last two years ; was a mem-
ber of the New Hampshire Senate in 1857 and '58,
and President of the Senate the last year ; was chair-

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

man of the Republican State Committee in 1858, '59
and '60 ; was delegate to the Philadelphia Convention
which nominated General Fremont in 1856; was
elected a Representative to the Forty-third Congress,
serving from December 1, 1873, to March 3, 1875, and
was elected to the United States Senate as a Repub-
lican, to succeed E. H. Rollins, Republican, and took
his seat December 3, 1883. Mr. Pike is in practice
in Franklin in company with F. N. Parsons.

Frank N. Parsons, was born September 3,
1854; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1874; read
law with Hon. D. Barnard, of Franklin, and G. C.
Bartlett, of Derry, N. H., and was admitted to. the
bar March, 1875. The firm is Pike & Parsons.

Hon. Edgar H. Woodman, the present (1885)
mayor of the city of Concord, dates his ancestry in this
country to Edward Woodman, who arrived. at. New-
bury, Mass., from Malvern, England, in 1635, and from
that time to the present the Woodman name has
been honorably and prominently identified with the
professional and business interests of New England.

Hon. E. H. Woodman, son of John Kimball
Woodman and Mary Jane (Drew) Woodman, was
born in Gilmanton, N. H., May 6, 1847. He was
educated at the Gilmanton and Bosca wen Academies,
fitting for college at the latter. .He. finally decided,
however, not to enter for a collegiate course, but
went to Poughkeepsie and- attended Eastman's
Business College, the representative institution of
its kind in this country. After receiving the degree
of Master of Accounts he came to Concord, and in
February, 1866, entered the employ of Colonel C. C.
Webster as book-keeper, with whom he remained
until July, 1868, when he accepted a position in
the adjutant-general's oflice, tendered him by Gov-
ernor Nathaniel Head, then adjutant-general of the
State. October 27, 1868, while gunning in Gilman-
ton, he received an accidental gun-shot wound which
resulted in the loss of his right arm. He had gone
to his native town to cast his first vote, and was tak-
ing a vacation for a few days when the accident
occurred. Possessed of a good constitution, his arm
healed rapidly, and in the following December he
returned to this city and spent the winter learning to
write with his left hand at the Commercial School in
Manchester. In April, 1869, as assistant superin-
tendent of construction and paymaster, he entered
upon the work of building the Suncook Valley Rail-
road, and continued therein until the road was com-
pleted, in December of the same year.

January 1, 1870, Mr. Woodman commenced his
legal studies in the office of Minot, Tappan & Mu-
gridge, where he remained until 1872, when the
treasurer's office of the Northern Railroad was re-

moved to Boston, and Judge Minot appointed him
assistant treasurer of the Boston office. While dis-
charging his duties here he attended law lectures at
the Boston University, and, in 1873, was admitted to
the New Hampshire bar. He, however, remained in
charge of the Boston office of the railroad until its
removal to this city, April 1, 1876, and continued
therein until April 1, 1878, when the office was again
transferred to Boston. He then resigned his position
in the treasurer's office, and at once entered upon the
practice of his profession in this city, opening an
office in the Board of Trade buildings. July 1, 1879,
he removed to his present office in the Governor
Hill block, which is the same office in which he
commenced the study of law. He brought to the
practice of his profession a good knowledge of law,
sound judgment, quick perception and an indomita-
ble will, which have borne legitimate fruit in the
securing of a good practice, which is constantly
increasing.

The citizens of Concord, recognizing his ability
and integrity, in 1882, tendered him the nomination
for mayor, an honor which came to him unsought
and while he was absent from the city. He was
elected by a large majority, and re-elected in 1884,
and is the present mayor.

Mayor Woodman is a prominent member of the
Masonic fraternity; has been recorder of Mount
Horeb Commandery since 1877, and was also secre-
tary of Eureka Lodge and Trinity Chapter ; secretary
of Concord Masonic Association, and is the present
treasurer. He is treasurer of the Peterborough and
Hillsborough Railroad, and of Saint Paul's Episcopal
parish. He is also a director in the First National
Bank and president of the Webster Club. May 6,
1878, he married Georgiana Hodges, of Boston,
Mass., and they had one child, George Edgar, who
died in infancy. Mrs. Woodman died January 8,
1879.

Genial and courteous by nature, he has won hosts
of friends; he is an able and ready speaker, and an
executive officer of marked ability.

Lyman Dewey Stevens, a leading member of the
Merrimack bar, was born in Piermont, N. H., Sep-
tember 20, 1821. His father, Caleb Stevens, was
born in Hampstead, N. H., November 27, 1782, and
died March 29, 1870; his mother, Sally Dewey, was
born in Piermont, January 2, 1793, and died January
9, 1879.

Mr. Stevens pursued his preparatory studies at
Haverhill (N. H.) Academy. He graduated at Dart-
mouth College in 1843. He then became principal
of the Stanstead (C. E.) Academy, where he remained
two years, and later assisted Jonathan Tenney, for a

,..A^Y<C

■Sn^ij^j^ JfJf,j-j;}Mi

TuM-'lyiJ

BENCH AND BAR.

40a

short time, as principal of the academy at Pembroke,
N. H. While in Stanstead, he decided upon the
legal profession as his life-work, and began his studies
in the office of E. C. Johnson, Esq., of Derby, Vt.
He subsequently continued his studies with Hon. Ira
Perley in Concord, N. H., and was admitted to the
bar in October, 1847. He at once opened an office
in Concord, where he has remained to the present
time in the successful practice of his profession.

Mr. Stevens has ever manifested a lively interest in
his adopted city, and all measures tending to advance
its welfare have found in him an able and fearless
advocate. He was elected mayor of Concord in 186?i
and re-elected in 1869. During his mayoralty he
instituted various reforms and improvements, the
most notable being the adoption of the present sys-
tem of sewage. This was almost the first real and
substantial improvement that the people had been
called upon to make, and it is not surprising that he
met with determined opposition in this needless out-
lay of expenditure, as many deemed the movement.
He paused not, however, to listen to the words of
opposition, which, in many instances, were exceed-
ingly severe, but proceeded fearlessly to carry on the
improvements which the health and beauty of the
city demanded. The wisdom of his course soon be-
came apparent, even to the most strenuous opponent.
He is now, and has been for a long series of years,
identified with various leading interests of the city.
He has been a director in the National State Capital
Bank since 1865, and president of the Merrimack
County Savings-Bank since its organization. He is
also president of the Board of Trade, and a director in
the Page Belting Company.

He was appointed by Governor Gilmore to adjust
the suspended war-claims of New Hampshire against
the United States accruing prior to May, 1863, and
also to attend the dedication of the National Ceme-
tery at Gettysburg, November 19, 1863, as commis-
sioner from New Hampshire.

His interest in charitable objects has led to his
appointment as vice-president and treasurer of the
New Hampshire Home Missionary Society. He was
also a trustee in the Kimball Union Academy and
Boscawen Academy. He has served on the school
committee, and been a member of the city Board of
Education.

Politically, Mr. Stevens is a Republican, and has
been since the organization of that party. He has
been called to various positions within the gift of his
townsmen and fellow-citizens. He was city solicitor
in 1855 and 1856; a member of the House of Repre-
sentatives in 1860, '61, '66 and '67, and was elected
Senator in 1884. He was one of the Presidential

electors in 1872, and was also a member of Governor
Bell's Council.

Mr. Stevens is a member of the South Congrega-
tional Church and one of its most active and ener-
getic supporters.

Au^iist 21, 1850, he united in marriage with Ach-
sah Pollard, daughter of Captain Theodore French,
of Concord, by whom he had two children, — Margaret
French and Henry Webster. Mrs. Stevens died July
2, 1868. January 20, 1875, he married Frances Child
Brownell, of New Bedford, Mass., and they have two
children, — Fanny Brownell, born January 10, 1876,
and William Lyman, born April 5, 1880.

The present members of the Merrimack bar are as
follows :

John H. Albin.

Benjamin E. Badger.

Bingham & Mitchell (Harry Bingham, John M.
Mitchell).

Chase & Streeter (William M. Chase, Frank S.
Streeter).

Warren Clark.

C. E. Clifibrd.

Charles R. Corning.

Sylvester Dana.

Daniel B. Donavan.

Samuel 0. Eastman.

George M. Fletcher.

William L. Foster.

John H. George.

John P. George.

Fred. H. Gould.

S. G. Lane.

Leach & Stevens (E. G. Leach, Henry W. Stevens).

Wells H. Johnson.

Nathaniel E. Martin.

Luther S.Morrill.

A. F. L. Norris.

Henry Robinson.

Henry P. Rolfe.

Charles P. Sanborn.

Harry G. Sargent.

Everett J. Sargent.

Arthur W. Silsby.

Lyman D. Stevens.

Reuben E. Walker.

Edgar H. Woodman.

Willis G. Buxton.

David F. Dudley. -'

C. E. Carr.

Shirley & Stone.

M. W. Tappan.

A. F. Pike.
Isaac N. Blodgett.

HISTOKY OF MERKIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Daniel Barnard.

E. G. Leach.
O. W. Nesmith.
G. R. Stone.
W. M. Barnard.

F. N. Parsons.
J. B. Hazelton.
George S. Blanchard.
A. F. Burbank.

T. H. Thorndike.
A. W. Bartlett.
E. A. Lane.
Samuel Davis.
A. P. Davis.
S. K. Paige.
W. W. Flanders.
Walter C. Harriman.

CHAPTER III.
THE NEW HAMPSHIRE STATE-HOUSE.

BY ISAAC W. HAMMOND.

The first session of the Legislature that was held in
Concord convened in March, 1782. Prior to that time,
and subsequent to the commencement of the Revolu-
tionary War, legislative sessions, with two exceptions,
were held in Exeter ; those two exceptions being the
September session of 1777 and the October session of
1780, which were held in Portsmouth.

From 1782 to 1808 the Legislature was a movable
institution, and held its sessions in Concord, Exeter,
Portsmouth, Charlestown, Dover, Hanover, Hop-
Tcinton and Amherst, — at whichever town the
members of the next preceding Legislature voted
to have it held. The matter of deciding at what
place the next Legislature should sit came up
at every session, and often occasioned consider-
able strife among the members. A vote in favor
of one town was occasionally reconsidered and
another town finally decided upon, in consequence,
probably, of some of the members having been " seen "
and persuaded that a change would be for the best in-
terest of the State.

Since 1808 all legislative sessions have been held in
Concord, although not permanently located here un-
til the completion of the State-House, in 1819. In
1814 the matter of having a permanent habitation
came up in the Legislature, and the members wisely
■concluded that the wandering life theretofore led by
the honorable body and the exposure of its records
to loss in consequence of frequent removals, as well as
to destruction by fire for want of proper vaults, was

not conducive to the best interests of the State, and
accordingly, on the 6th day of June of that year,
a committee was appointed by the Legislature " to
take into consideration the expediency of building a
State-House, and report where, and the time when,
it will be expedient to commence the building," etc.
Said committee reported that, so far as they could
learn, all of the States in the Union, except New
Hampshire, had provided themselves with a State-
House and located a " seat of government ;" and also,
" That it is justly considered derogatory to a respect-
able and independent State to suffer the otficers of its
government to sit and transact the business of the
State in a building mean in its appearance and desti-
tute of suitable accommodations. That your commit-
tee are deeply impressed with a sense of the propriety,
expediency and even necessity of providing fire-
proof rooms for the safe keeping of the public rec-
ords," etc. The committee further reported that a
State-House might be built upon reasonable terms,
and advised the appointment of a committee of three
persons to sit during the recess of the Legislature,
designate a location, prepare plans, ascertain the
probable expense and receive proposals for erecting
the building, and report to the next Legislature. The
report was accepted, and a committee, consisting of
Hon. John Harris, of Hopkinton, Benjamin Kimball,
Jr., of Concord, and Anchew Bowers, of Salisbury,
was appointed.

On the 13th of June, 1815, said committee re-
ported that they had prepared a plan and ascertained
that the probable expense would be about thirty
thousand dollars if built of stone; that Stuart J.
Park had made a proposal to complete the building
for thirty-two thousand dollars ; that a majority of the
committee had designated a location in Concord west
of the court-house ; and also reported that the inhabit-
ants of Salisbury had offered to contribute seven
thousand dollars if the Legislature would locate the
building in that town.

The report was accepted, and another committee
was appointed to inquire whether any donations
would be made by the town of Concord or its citi-
zens if the building was located in the place desig-
nated by the committee. The citizens of Concord
were agreed as to the propriety of having it in their
town, but were not agreed as to the lot upon which
to locate it. Subscription papers were circulated by
each faction ; the people at the north end favored
the site of the present court-house, and those resid-
ing at the south end favored the " Green lot," which
was the one finally selected. A sufiicient amount of
money was pledged by each party to meet the re-
quirements of the legislative committee ; but the disa-

THE STATE-HOUSE.

to location and the lack of funds, par-
tially in consequence of the then late war with
Great Britain, carried the matter over to the next
June session.

On the 21st day of June, 1816, the matter came up
in the House of Representatives, and the following
resolution was passed :

" Besohed, That a State-House, agreeably to the plan communicated by
Stuart J. Park at the last June session, be erected in the town of Con-
cord and county of Eockiugham ; the spot of ground to be selected, and
the place on which to erect said State-House to be located by his excel-
lency, the Governor, and the Honol-able the Council."

That board was also authorized to appoint a com-
mittee to make the necessary contracts and superin-
tend its erection ; and said committee was to be in-
structed to commence, as soon as practicable, and to
employ the convicts in the State Prison in preparing
the stone. By the same resolution, the sum of three
thousand dollars was appropriated to commence the
work, and it also contained a provision by which it
was not to take effect unless the town of Concord, or
its inhabitants, would donate the land, level and
prepare it to the acceptance of the committee, give
all the stone needed for its construction and convey
the same to the lot free of charge.

The inhabitants residing at the north end were
ready to give a bond to comply with these require-
ments, providing the Stickney lot (site of the present
court-house) was selected ; and those residing at the
south end would do the same, providing the Green
lot (site of the present State-House) was decided
upon. The advocates of the north end location
claimed that the Stickney lot was elevated and dry,
and had been selected by the committee of the Legis-
lature as being the more eligible of the two; that the
Green lot was low and wet, and that it would cost a
large sum to put in a substantial foundation. The
other side urged that the Green lot was more central,
and for that reason the most eligible.

William Plumer, of Epping, was Governor, and
Benjamin Pierce, of Hillsborough, Levi Jackson, of
Chesterfield, Samuel Quarles, of Ossipee, Elijah Hall
and Enoch Colby composed the Council. Messrs.
Pierce, Jackson and Quarles favored the Stickney
lot; the Governor, with Messrs. Hall and Colby,
favored the Green lot. Consequently, with all pres-
ent acting in the capacity of a committee of the
Legislature, as some of them subsequently claimed
they did, the result would have been a tie. On the
2d day of July, Colonel Quarles asked leave of
absence until the 4th, to attend to some matters of
his own, and went away, as he afterward stated, with
the understanding that the matter of locating the
State-House should not be decided until his return.
On the following day, July 3d, at a meeting of the
Governor and four members of the Council, the mat-
ter was brought up, and they proceeded to e-xamine
the two locations, and then returned to the Council
chamber. The Governor then asked the councillors,
severally, if they were " ready to proceed in selecting

a plot of ground for said house." Mr. Colby an-
swered that he was ready, but asked whether it
would not be best to wait until the return of Colonel
Quarles.

According to the statement of Mr. Colby, no one
else expressed any desire for postponement, and a
ballot was taken, which stood three in favor of the
Green lot and two in favor of the Stickney lot, the
Governor voting with the Council. Had all of the
councilors been present, and acting in the capacity
of an executive board, as I think was the intention
of the Legislature, the vote would have stood three in
favor of the Stickney lot and two in favor of the
present location, in which case the Governor could
have used his privilege of negativing the vote of the
majority of the Council, thus leaving the matter un-
decided. It was, therefore, fortune for the friends of
the Green lot location that Colonel Quarles was
called away at that time.

On July 4th, Colonel Quarles having returned,
the Governor and Council held a meeting, the
proceedings of which were recorded in the Coun-
cil records in the same manner as were those of
the 3d, or any other meeting of that board, the
caption of the record being as follows : "At a
meeting of His Excellency, the Governor, and
the Hon'. Council, July 4, 1816, The whole board
present," etc. At that meeting some one moved
a reconsideration of " the vote of yesterday, select-
ing a lot of land whereon to erect a State-House."
The question being put, the vote stood three for re-
consideration — Messrs. Quarles, Pierce and Jackson,
— and three against, the Governor voting with the
Council, as before, and claiming subsequently, in
vindication of his action in so doing, that they were
acting in the capacity of a committee of the Legisla-
ture. If that was the case, and so understood at the
time, it is not quite clear why they convened as " a
meeting of His Excellency, the Governor and the
Hon'. Council," or why their proceedings in that
matter were recorded in the Council records, with
other acts done at the same meeting, which could not
have been legally done by any body of men except
the Governor and Council in executive session.

On July 5th the Governor and Council met and ap-
pointed Albe Cady, William Low and Jeremiah
Pecker, all of Concord, as a committee to superintend
the erection of the State-House. Messrs. Hall, Colby
and Jackson acted with the Governor in making the
appointment, a record of which was made by the
Secretary of State in the same book and manner as
the record of any executive appointment. The board
then adjourned and did not meet again until Septem-
ber 18th.

The Legislature adjourned on the 29th of June, to
meet on the third Wednesday of November following.
During the recess the work of construction progressed;
as also did the strife between the " north-enders" and
the " south-enders." Charges of unfairness, on the

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

part of the Governor and Council, were made by the
defeated north-enders, the principal charges being
that the matter was acted upon in the absence of
Colonel Quarles, contrary to an agreement to delay it
until his return, and that the Governor voted with
the Council, as he had no right to do, if they were
acting in their official capacity as an Executive
Council.

The Legislature assembled on the twentieth of No-
vember, 1816, and the State-House matter was taken
up on the ninth of December, at which time a com-
mittee was appointed to " request such information
of the Governor as he possesses relative to the location
of the State-House," and report to the House of Rep-
resentatives. Said committee called on the Governor,
made the request verbally and on the following day
he communicated in writing a statement of the action
of the board in making the selection of a lot, etc.
This not proving satisfactory to the House of Repre-
sentatives, the committee called again on the evening
of the thirteenth, and requested copies of " all the
votes and proceedings of the Governor and Council"
relating to the matter, which request he complied
with by furnishing attested copies from the Council
records, covering said proceedings, and suggested, in
his letter of transmittal, that if either branch of the
government considered it nece.ssary to make any
inquiries of the other, whether it " would not bet-
ter comport with the dignity of both that the inqui-
ries and answers should be in writing." Whereupon
the House of Representatives formulated several
questions, and sent a copy to the Governor, and one
to each of the councillors. The substance of the
Governor's answers was : That on the third day of
July, 1816, Charles Walker, Esq., presented a bond
to furnish a lot ; and the required amount of stone,
provided the building was located on theStickney lot; j
that William A. Kent and Isaac Hill, Esqrs., pre- ;
sented a bond to do the same, provided it was located j
on the Green lot ; that in the afternoon of that day,
he and four of the councilors examined all lots that
any one requested them to see, and then returned to
the Senate chamber and made the selection, as here-
inbefore stated. The Governor also stated, that he
did ^ot understand that any agreement had been
made to wait until the return of Colonel Quarles
before making the selection. Mr. Pierce, Mr. Jack-
son and Mr. Quarles stated that there was such an
agreement. The Governor further stated that, in
making said selection, they acted as a committee
appointed by a resolve of the Legislature, and not in
their executive capacity ; and in this his answer was
sustained by a majority of the Council. But no
attempt was made to explain why their transactions
as a committee were acted up(m in a meeting of
" His Excellency, the Governor and the Honorable
Council," at which meeting executive appointments
were made, and the proceedings of which were erabod-
itfl in one record, by the Secretary of State, in the

same manner as was the record of any meeting of the
Governor and Council.

December 20th the investigating committee re-
ported in full, from which report I extract the follow-
ing : " Your committee would further report that, in
their opinion, the general location of the lot whereon
to erect the State-House never was made agreeably
to the true meaning and provisions of the resolve
aforesaid, inasmuch as that they have never seen any
evidence that a majorityof that Honorable board ever
did agree to such location."

December 25th the investigating committee re-
ported a resolution repealing the resolution of June
22, 1816, which placed the appointment of a commit-
tee to superintend the erection of the State-House in the
hands of the Governor and Council, which failed of a
passage. On the same day a resolution appropriating
four thousand dollars toward the erection of the
building passed, ninety -one to seventy.

December 27th the investigating committee re-
ported a resolution providing that the committee to
superintend the building should consist of one man,
instead of three, and that Albe Cady should be that
man. As no complaint had been made by the com-
mittee against any of the men composing the build-
ing committee, the presumption is that the resolution
was introduced for the purpose of taking the matter
from the control of the Governor and Council, by
making the building committee an appointee direct
of the Legislature. The resolution passed the House,
but was defeated in the Senate.

At the June session, 1817, the sum of thirty thou-
sand dollars was appropriated to continue the work,
in accordance with a report and recommendation of
the building committee, who stated that they desired
to complete the outside that season.

In 1818 an appropriation was made for necessary
furniture, and the building was first occupied by the
Legislature at the June session of 1819, but the build-
ing committee was not discharged until June, 1820.

The building as completed was one hundred and
twenty-six feet in length, including the wings, and
forty-nine feet in width, with a projection of four feet
in the centre of each front, and cost as follows, in-
cluding fencing and furniture : Amount appropriated
from the State treasury, $67,372.44 ; stone-work done
at the State Prison by convicts, $10,455.16 ; lot and
materials given by citizens of Concord, $4,000, —
total, $81,827.60. The building, as thus erected, was
occupied without any material change until remod-
eled, in 1864-66.

In 1854, Governor N. B. Baker, in his address to the
Legislature, at the June session, called the attention
of that body to the insecure manner in which the pro-
vincial and State records. Revolutionary War rolls
and other valuable documents belonging to the State,
were kept, stating that they were liable to destruction
by fire at any moment and advising the construction
of fire-proof rooms in the State-House, or of a separate

THE STATE-HOUSE.

fire-proof building for their safe keeping. A com-
mittee of the Legislature, appointed to investigate the
matter, reported a resolution providing that the
(tovernor be requested to employ some suitable per-
son to estimate the expense and make necessary
plans for erecting a fire-proof building of sutficient
capacity to accommodate the Secretary of State, State
treasurer, State Library and the standard weights and
measures.

The resolution passed, as also did another calling
for a plan and an estimate of the cost of enlarging the
Representatives' Hall, and, in accordance therewith, a
report was made to the Legislature of 1855, plans pre-
sented and the expense estimated at $37,000 for en-
larging the State-House and hall, and $17,500 for a
separate fire-proof building. That report not being
acceptable to the Legislature, the matter was post-
poned to the next session, and no material progress
was made until 1863. At the June session of the last-
named year the Legislature passed a resolution setting
forth the fact that the largely increased business of
the State government imperatively required an en-
largement of the State-House ; that the city of Con-
cord derived considerable benefit from the location
and should contribute materially to the expense of en-
larging the capital. The resolution authorized the
Governor and Council to cause new plans and esti-
mates to be made, receive propositions from the city
of Concord or any other city or town having necessary
railroad facilities and " desirous of having the State-
House established therein." In other words, the lo-
cation of the capital was again for sale to the highest
bidder, regardless of the fact that it had once been
sold, paid for and delivered. Bids were to be made to
tlie Governor and to be by him presented to the Legis-
lature of 1864. The city of Manchester submitted a
proposition to erect and complete a building without
expense to the State, providing it should be located
in that city.

Concord, by action of the City Councils on the 23d
day of May, 1864, voted to raise and approjiriate
$100,000 to the work of enlarging the building then
in use, and subsequently raised $50,000 more in the
precinct. These propositions were transmitted to the
Legislature by the Governor, June 6th, and referred to
a select committee of one from each county. A sharp
contest between the two cities ensued ; the citizens of
Manchester used every means in their power to obtain
the prize, and the citizens of Concord as earnestly strug-
gled to retain it, believing that, as they had once pur-
chased the location, it ought not to be taken from
them without cause ; and believing also that no cause
existed to warrant its removal, as Concord was nearer
the centre of the State than Manchester, and had
equal railroad facilities. A majority of the Legisla-
ture decided in favor of Concord, and the location of

1816 was confirmed by an act approved July 16, 1864,
the act requiring Concord to bear the entire expense
of the work, which amounted to nearly $200,000.

A contest of this kind between neighboring muni-
cipalities is much to be regretted ; the placing of
citizens in hostility to each other creates enmities
which time alone can allay ; and in this case, the
twenty years that have elapsed have failed to oblit-
erate the scars caused by that memorable contest.
The proposition made by the Legislature of 1863 was
wrong in principle, and should never be repeated.
When a public building is needed for the use of the
State, let the Legislature decide upon its location at
such place as in their opinion will best accommodate
the majority of the people, and then cause the same
to be erected, and paid for from the State treasury.

A new steam-heating apparatus was placed in the
building in 1879, and valuable improvements were
made in the basement in 1883, and the State-House,
as it now stands, is an artistic and substantial edifice.
The halls and offices are well lighted and roomy, with
the exception of the room used for the library, and,
as a whole, the structure is a credit to the State.

The porch on the east front is two stories in height,
each story being supported by eight granite columns
of massive jjroportions, which present a fine appear-
ance as viewed from Main Street. The Council-room
contains the portraits of all the Governors of the
State, except the first, of whom no likeness is known
to exist. Portraits of many presidents of the Senate
are hung in the Senate chamber, and the Represent-
atives' hall contains portraits of Revolutionary offi-
cers and other eminent New Hampshire men. Doric
Hall contains the battle-scarred flags of the regiments
from this State who participated in the late war, some
portraits, a bust of Hon. Amos Tuck, and a raised
map of the State. In the Secretary's office are
portraits of two Provincial and two State Secre-
taries. In 1876 a fountain was placed in the fi-ont
walk of the park, but proving to be a nuisance
there, it was removed, in 1879, by order of the
Legislature, to the southeast quarter of the grounds.

A statue, in bronze, of New Hampshire's most
gifted son, Daniel Webster, presented to the State by
Benjamin P. Cheney, is soon to be placed in the^ark,
on the side adjoining Main Street. It will be seven-
teen feet in height, including the pedestal, which will
be of granite. Mr. Cheney was a native, and for
many years a resident, of this State, and the gift
which he is able to make from the abundant accumu-
lations of an honest, sagacious and industrious life is
a credit to himself, an honor to his native State and
the renowned Webster, whose reputation as a states-
man is second to that of no other man, and whose
name will be familiar to fiiture generations, when
this statue shall have crumbled to dust.

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

COLONEL SOLON A. CARTER.

Solon Augustus Carter (7) was born in Leominster,
Mass., June 22, 1837 ; seventh generation from Rev.
Thomas Carter (1), who was born a.d. 1610, graduated
at St. John's College, Cambridge, England, in 1629,
and came from St. Albans, Hertfordshire, England,
in the "Planter," embarking April 2, 1635. On his
arrival in this country he was admitted an inhabitant
of Dedham, Mass. ; thence he removed to Watertown,
Mass.

He was ordained the first minister of the church in
Woburn, Mass., November 22, 1642, which ofllce he
filled to the acceptance of his people until his death,
which occurred September 5, 1684. Johnson, in his
"Wonder-Working Providence," says, "He was a
reverend, godly man, apt to teach the sound and
wholesome truths of Christ."

The subject of this sketch traces his descent from
Eev. Thomas (1), born 1610; Rev. Samuel (2), born
1640; Samuel (3), born 1677-78; Josiah (4), born
1726-27; James Carter (5), born 1768; Solon Carter
(6), born 1801 ; Solon A. Carter (7), born 1837.

Josiah (4), his great-grandfather, married, attheage
of eighteen, Tabitha Howe, aged sixteen, and settled
in Leominster, Mass., clearing the homestead where
the three succeeding generations were born and
reared. He served in the Revolutionary War, attain-
ing to the rank of lieutenant-colonel. He was with
the army under General Washington in the disas-
trous campaign in New Jersey, previous to the retreat
across the Delaware. He died at the ripe age of
eighty-four, on the farm his own hands had cleared,
and in the house his own hands had reared. At the
time of his death he had living more grandchildren
than he was years old, several of the fourth degree
and one or two of the fifth, so that he could without
fiction say, " Arise, son, go to thy son, for thy son's
son has born unto him a son."

James Carter (5) reared and educated a family of
eleven children. James G. (6), the eldest son, gradu-
ated from Harvard in 1820, and was engaged in educa-
tional enterprises, being contemporary with Horace
Mann and a co-worker with him in educational
matters, notably the establishment of the system of
Normal Schools in Massachusetts.

Solon (6), the second son, succeeded to the home-
stead farm, which he cultivated successfully until his
death, in 1879. He was an active participant in the
social, religious and civil aftairs of his town, being
called upon at different times to fill the various town
offices within the gift of his fellow-citizens.

Solon Augustus Carter (7), the eldest sou of Solon
(()) and Lucretia { Joslin) Carter, was born upon the
farm cleared by his great-grand fether, educated in the
i)ul)lic schools of his native town, completing his

education in the High School at the age of seventeen,
working upon the homestead farm between terms, and
also during term-time. The winter succeeding his
seventeenth birthday he taught a district school in
Leominster. The superintending committee, in his
report of the school, said of the teacher, " It is evident
he does not need to learn to teach — it is in him." The
next winter he taught in the neighboring town of
Lancaster. The summer of 1857 he spent in Chicago,
in the employ of an uncle engaged in the lumber
trade; but the panic of that year had such a depress-
ing effect upon business in general that a commercial
life had few attractions for him and he returned to
the farm, teaching during the winter months.

He entered the employ of the Keene Gas-Light
Company as its superintendent in December, 1859,
and has since that time considered Keene his resi-
dence. In August, 1.862, he enlisted in the Fourteenth
Kegiment New Hampshire Volunteers, and was com-
missioned captain of Company G, serving with his
command until July, 1863, when he was ordered upon
recruiting service at Concord, where he was assigned
to duty as acting assistant adjutant-general upon the
stafi' of Brigadier-General Edw. W. Hinks. In the
spring of 1864, General Hinks was assigned to the
command of a division of colored troops near Fortress
Monroe, and Captain Carter was, at General Hinks'
request, by a special order from the War Department,
directed to report to him for assignment to duty.
Captain Carter was announced in General Orders as
acting assistant adjutant-general of the Third Colored
Division, Eighteenth Army Corps, and remained on
duty with that organization until the close of the war,
having received a commission from the President as
assistant adjutant-general of volunteers, with the
rank of captain (July 25, 1864). He participated with
his command in all the skirmishes and battles in
which it was engaged before Petersburg, on the north
of the James, at Deep Bottom, Newmarket Heights
and Fort Harrison, and in both expeditions to Fort
Fisher and the subsequent campaign to Raleigh. He
was subsequently breveted major and lieutenant-
colonel for gallant and meritorious services during the
war.

Brevet Major-General Charles J. Paine, in recom-
mending him for brevet commissions, wrote, —

" Captain Solon A. Carter, late aisist.^nt adjutant-general United States
Volunteers, served as assistant ailjutant-general of the division which I
commanded for about a year, from the beginning of August, 1864.

"First, in front of Petersburg, under constant lire day and night; then
across the James, in front of Richmond, taliing part in a very severe and
successful assault by the division on the enemy's lines on the Newmarket
road, September 29, 18(i4, and in other engagements ; later, in both Tort
Fisher expeditions. At the taking of Wilmington and in the march in
pursuit of General Johnston's command, never for a moment away from
his post, and never neglecting his duties, which often were quite as
severe as those of any offlter of the division.

" He was a brave and faithful officer of great merit, and I always ex-
ceedingly regretted that he was not promoted. There is not, within my
knowledge, an instance of equal desert without greater reward."

After his discharge from the service he returned to

cn^

' CL: JscL-tl

"^r^^rM'^/u^.

THE STATE-HOUSE.

Keene and engaged in the furniture trade. He was a
member of the House of Representatives from Keene
ill 1869 and 1870.

In June, 1872, he was elected State treasurer,
which office lie has held since that time, with the
exception of one year (1874-75), receiving the nomina-
tion by acclamation, and without opposition, in nine
successive re-elections, and also the commendation of
successive auditing committees for the satisfactory
manner in which the duties of the office have been
performed. He is an active member of the Unitarian
organization, having been for several years president
of the State association, and is also identified with the
Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United
States and the Grand Army of the Republic.

He has taken an active part in Masonic organiza-
tions, having passed the chairs of the Blue Lodge,
Royal Arch Chapter and Commandery, and also the
chairs of the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge, serving
as Most Worshipful Grand Master for two years
(1878-79), and as Right Eminent Grand Commander
of the Grand Commandery in 1875.

He was married, December 13, 1860, to Emily A.
Conant, of Leominster, Mass.

HOX. OLIVER PILI.SBUEY.'

William Pillsbury, from whom most and probably
all of the Pillsburys of this country have descended,
emigrated from Dorchester, England, in 1631, and
settled in old Newbury (now Newburyport), Mass., in
the year 1641.

It will be seen that the family belonged to that
brave old Puritan stock that had been ground and
sifted in the mills of God for generations, and had
been prepared to go forth in the fulness of time and
take pos.session of a continent in the name of liberty
and truth. In such mysterious ways the progress of
government, church and society is evolved from the
seed of the dead ages, and we move upward by the
providence of Him who " works within us to will and
to do of His own good pleiisure." The families that
planted our nation were not the sport of fortune,
drifted by an accident of history to these shores, but
were preordained and guided to their destiny.

Oliver Pillsbury, the subject of this sketch, sprung
from this line. He was born in Henniker, N. H.,
February 16, 1817. His parents. Deacon Oliver
Pillsbury and Anna Smith Pillsbury, were both per-
sons of unusual physical and mental strength. The
writer recalls distinctly, after a lapse of more than
thirty years, the amiable expression and serene dig-
nity of Mrs. Pillsbury, and the masculine thought
and deep, solemn voice of the deacon, as he led the
devotions of the religious assemblies of the people.
He was one of the strong men of the town and a
pillar in the church. Others might veer and drift,
but we all knew that the deacon was anchored within

1 By Hon. J. W. Patterson.

the vail, and was as sure to outride the storm as the
hill upon which he had fixed his home. He was a
man of strong powers, a stern will and constant de-
votion to the great ends of life as he saw them. The
qualities of both parents were transmitted in large
measure to their children. Our State has produced
but few men who were the peers in intellectual
strength and moral courage to their first-born, Parker
Pillsbury. Not many men in our country, indeed,
in the years that preceded the Civil War, struck
heavier blows for, or clung with a more courageous,
self-sacrificing devotion to, liberty than he. Those
of us who knew him could hear the deep undertone
of the deacon's voice in his, and knew he would
conquer or die. In the roll-call of the iniperishaliles
in the great struggle for liberty his name will be
heard among the first.

The subject of this sketch, during the first seven-
teen years of his life, experienced the usual fortune
of the sons of New England farmers, — a maximum
of hard work and a minimum of schooling; but at
that time, having been overtaken by a lameness
which threatened to be permanent, he was sent to
the academy that he might prepare for duties suited
to his prospective infirmity. He entirely recovered,
but this circumstance gave a new drift to his life.
For nearly five years he pursued his studies with
unabated interest and industry, giving thoroughness
and a practical character to his acquisitions by teach-
ing during the winter months. Mr. Pillsbury had
few equals and no superiors among those who taught
at that time in our public schools. He was master
both of his school and his studies, and had the
faculty of inspiring his pupils with his own spirit.
Many who have since done good work in life look
back with gratitude to those years of pupilage.

In 1839, Mr. Pillsbury left New England and went
to New Jersey, where he opened a tuition school,
there being no free schools in the State at that time.
There, though an entire stranger, he gained the con-
fidence of the community and held it during eight
years of successful work. During the last six years
of this time he taught the academy at Bound Brook,
Somerset County. While there he married Matilda
Nevius, who died in 1847, leaving a young daughter,
an only child. The position which Mr. Pillsbury
acquired among the educators of New Jersey may
be learned from the fact that he was prominent among
the few gentlemen who held the first school conven-
tion at the capital, over which he presided, and which
was followed by similar conventions in other cities.
The movement thus begun resulted in the establish-
ment of public instruction in that State.

At the end of this time, Mr. Pillsbury's health
having become impaired, he returned to his native
place, where he purchased the paternal homestead
and entered again upon the work of his boyhood.
For seventeen years he followed the life of a farmer,
but did not move in its old empirical ruts. He ap-

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

plied the knowledge and improved methods which
modern investigation has given to agriculture, and
in a little time doubled the productive power of his
farm. The successful factor in every industry is
brains, and in this case even New Hampshire farm-
ing proved no exception to the rule.

Mr. Pillsbury contracted a second marriage, in
1850, with Miss Sarah Wilkins, of Henniker.

Though assiduous in the pursuits of agriculture,
his benevolent instincts led him to take an active
interest in the causes of temperance, anti-slavery
and whatever else the public welfare seemed to de-
mand. His efforts in this direction, in co-operation
with those of others, produced a change in the poli-
tics of the town, which resulted in his introduction
to public life. He was elected to various town offices
and to the Legislature three times. As a legislator,
he did not seem anxious merely to shine, but to be
usefiil and to advance the interests of the State.
Such qualities and service commended him to public
favor, and in 1862 he was elected a councilor for tlie
last year of Governor Berry's administration, and
re-elected to the Council of Governor Gilmore. This,
it will be remembered, was while the hardships and
horrors of the Civil War were upon us, and when
questions that could not be settled by precedent,
and that tested the authority and resources of the
State, were brought daily before the Governor and
his Council for decision. The exigencies of the gov-
ernment would not suffer delay. Not only great
permanent interests, but the very life of the nation
was in peril, and large and frequent demands were
made upon the States for supplies of men and money,
when every resource seemed exhausted. In such
times means must be invented and resources created.
Criticism becomes silent, and waits for the return of
peace to awaken into unreasoning activity. Under
the pressure of such events, weak men are likely to
be paralyzed, avaricious men corrupt and bold men
to abuse power.

The qualities which Mr. Pillsbury developed in
these trying circumstances ought to make his name
historic. The writer has received communications
from two gentlemen who were associated with him in
the Council, and whose services to the State are uni-
versally acknowledged, and, as they express more
forcibly than any words of mine can do the part
which the subject of this sketch took in that event-
ful period, I take the responsibility to publish such
portions of their respective letters as bear specially
upon the subject of this paper. The known char-
acter of the writers will give additional weight to
their strong language of encomium.

Hon. John W. Sanborn, of Wakefield, writes as
follows :

" Learning that you are to prepare a biographical sketch of Hon.
Oliver Pillsbury, I take pleasure in saying that I formed acquaiDtance
with him in 1863, being then associated with him in Governor Gilmore's
Council. His great executive ability, patriotism, honesty and integrity
won the respect and admiration of all his associates. At that time the

oountry was engaged in that terrible war for the support of the govern-
ment and its own salvation, and grave questions came before us relative
to the prosecution of the same. Although an ardent Kepublican, he
never let partisan feeling warp his judgment in his oflicial acts. He had
strong convictions of right, but was always ready to discuss all questions
with frankness and fairness, and he fully appreciated the opinions of
his opponents. I had the honor to serve with him on the military com-
mittee of the Council, which had important matters to consider, — ques-
tions involving the rights and interests of the soldiers, their families,
and the .State. The duties of this committee were arduous and often
difficult, but I can attest to the fidelity and untiring energy with which
he performed his part. He took great interest in the welfare of the sol-
diers, particularly the sick and wounded, and was ever ready to min-
ister to their wants. In a word, he was a model councilor for the time
in which he served, and the future historian will class him among our
ablest and most efficient men."

Hon. John W. Noyes, of Chester, who was also in
official association with Mr. Pillsbury, says :

" I was with him a very considerable portion of the time for two years,
while we were members of Governor Gilmore's Council during the war.
He was the most important member of the Council, on account of bis ex-
perience and familiarity with the duties of the situation ; in fiict, his in-
formation and good judgment were exceedingly valuable to the Governor'
and all the other members of the Council.

"I regard Mr. Pillsbury as one of the best informed and most compe-
tent business men in this State. I hardly think there is another man in
the State that could fill his present position as well as he does. I said to
Governor Stearns, before he made the appointment, that, if he knew Mr.
Pillsbury as well as I did, he would not need recommendations, but would
urge his acceptance of the place."

It would be idle to add anything to such commen-
dations.

In 1869, Mr. Pillsbury was appointed insurance com-
missioner by Governor Stearns, for a period of three
years, and has been reappointed, from time to time,
to the office which he still holds. Soon after his
appointment he drafted and secured the enactment of
the present law of the State relative to insurance
companies of other States and other countries. This
law established the department of insurance, and has
given to the people a degree of protection against the
frauds and impositions of unreliable companies never
before enjoyed in this State, and has brought into its
treasury, by tax on insurance premiums, nearly
one hundred and thirty-eight thousand dollars, in
addition to the compensation of the commissioner.

During the whole term of his office Mr. Pillsbury
has worked quietly, but assiduously, to eliminate un-
reliable companies from our borders, and has care-
fully avoided the admission of all such as are not
regarded as perfectly trustworthy. It is universally
affirmed, by men familiar with the insurance busi-
ness, that the commissioner of this State has admin-
istered his office with unusual skill and success, and
his reports are much sought for and often quoted and
referred to as authority in other States. The State may
well congratulate itself on having had the continued
services, for sixteen years, of one so able and experi-
enced in an office so intimately connected with the
material inter&sts of the people.

In 1871, Mr. Pillsbury moved to Concord, and the
estimation in which he is held in the community is
attested by the fact that, during the fourteen years of
his residence at the capital, he has twice been elected

THE INSANE ASYLUM.

to represent one of its wards iu the Legislature, and
has been a member of its Board of Education for
seven j'ears, and was president of the board at the
time he tendered his resignation. When a member
of the Legislature, Mr. Pillsbury was eminently
practical, and whenever bespoke, was listened to with
marked attention, for he only addressed the House on
subjects that he had thoroughly considered, and it
was understood that his remarks were likely to aid
the members in reaching wise and just conclusions.

As one of the supervisors of the educational inter-
ests of Concord Mr. Pillsbury was exceptionally
intelligent, conscientious and pains-taking. His
views on the general .subject were comprehensive,
and he kept himself informed as to all real improve-
ments in methods of instruction. He discountenanced
shams and superfluities, and labored faithfully to
make the schools sources of knowledge, of discipline
and of virtue. To the other public trusts so honor-
ably held by the subject of this sketch we may add
that of president of the board of trustees of the
State Industrial School. He has had a deep and
abiding interest in this institution since its found-
ing, and has given to it an active and efficient sup-
port.

We can only realize how pure and unselfish his
labors of this character have been when we reflect
that Mr. Pillsbury has no children of his own to
kindle and feed his sympathies, but that they spring
from a general benevolence toward all children, of
whatever condition in life. His only child was a
daughter of rare mental activity and attainments, and
of unusual sweetness of temper. She married Mr. J.
S. Eveleth, of Beverly, Mass., where, after a residence
of nearly two years, she died of consumption, in the
flower and promise of early womanhood, leaving two
homes stricken and desolate.

In this brief sketch we have unconsciously drawn
a model citizen, — a man in all the relations of life
faithful to the claims of duty ; in the family, society
and the State, blameless; benevolent without osten-
tation, patriotic without the claim of reward and
true to every trust.

CHAPTER IV.
TUE NEW HAMPSHIRE ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.

About the year 1830 the condition of the insane of
New Hampshire began to awaken a deep interest in
the hearts of philanthropic persons in all sections of
the State. The feeling rapidly increased that some-
thing should be done for their benefit, and that, too,
upon a scale commensurate with the magnitude of
their numbers.

But what, by whom and in what way? This was
a question of difficult solution. As the public inter-
est in the subject deepened, a settled conviction was
formed in leading minds that the State should take
the initiative in whatever measures might be adopted.
Influenced in part, perhaps, by this general senti-
ment, but feeling deeply the importance of the
enterprise. Governor Dinsmore, in his message to the
Legislature, in June, 1832, thus called attention to
the condition of the insane, —

" I feel uo apology need be made, in an age so distingnlebed for its pub-
lic and private charities, for calling your attention to a subject which
has so much reason and humanity on its side as a measure for the secur-
ity and recovery of the lunatic or insane. The Legislature of the State
has never yet recognized these unfortunate beings as entitled to any
special favor from' government.'"

After alluding to the belief once entertained of
the incurableness of insanity, he contrasts the en-
lightened and humane treatment aftbrded by well-
regulated hospitals with that in use throughout the
State. He then asserts the curableness of the
malady, in a large percentage of cases, under proper
and timely treatment, and cites, in proof thereof,
statistics gathered from the reports of some of the
best-managed institutions in England and the United
States, thereby showing the importance "of having,
in some convenient part of the State, a place where
patients of this description can be received with as
little delay as possible after the commencement of
the disease and before improper management shall
have aggravated its character and lessened the
chances of cure." He also recommended, as a pre-
paratory step, the institution of an inquiry "to
ascertain, with as much exactness as practicable, the
whole number of insane within the State, distin-
guishing paupers from others, the number which have
been committed to jail within a given time by
authority of court or by their friends or others with-
out the order or sanction of judicial proceedings, and
the length of their respective terms of confinement ;
and to ascertain, in like manner, the actual or proba-
ble amount of costs of court and jailer's fees and
expenses of their support and maintenance in cases
of confinement."

In accordance with this recommendation, the Gov-
ernor was directed, by a resolution introduced by Mr.
Hugh Miller, of Peterborough, and passed on the
22d day of June of that year, "to take proper means
to ascertain the number of insane persons in the
State."

In his message at the opening of the winter session,
in November following. Governor Dinsmore ftirther
said, —

" I addressed letters of inquiry, containing copies of the resolution, to
the selectmen of the several towns in the State, requesting them to fur-
nish me seasonably with the information desired. In one hundred and
forty-one towns, being all from which returns have been received, the
whole number of insane is one hundred and eighty-nine,— ninety males
and ninety-nine females,— one hundred and three of whom are paupers.
The whole of those now in confinement is seventy-six, of whom twenty-
five are iu private houses, thirty-four in poor-houses, seven in cells and

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

cages, Bix in chains and irons and four in jails. Of those not now in
confinement, many were stated to have been at times secured in private
houses, some have been handcuffed, others have been confined in cells
and some in chains and jails."

In pursuance of the Governor's recommendation, a
bill was introduced into the House of Representa-
tives by Mr. Samuel C. Webster, of Plymouth, on
the 26th day of December, providing " for the es-
tablishment of the New Hampshire Asylum for the
Insane." This was read twice, laid upon the table,
and on the 28th of December, on motion of Mr.
Samuel E. Cones, of Portsmouth, indefinitely post-
poned by a vote of one hundred and thirty-nine to
seventy-eight.

Upon the assembling of the next Legislature, in
1833, Governor Dinsmore again alluded to the sub-
ject in his message, and said, in relation to the es-
tablishment of an asylum for the insane,—

" Although your predecessors did not feel prepared to sanction the
measures recommended, I have never lost the hope of seeing at an early
period a zealous co-operation of the several branches of the government
with the friends of suffering humanity, in promoting a charity so plainly
recommended by the principles of our religion and by every considera-
tion of justice and philanthropy."

On the 20th day of June of this year a resolution
was introduced into the House of Representatives by
Mr. Arthur Livermore, of Camptou, authorizing the
appointment of an agent to examine and inspect
sundry asylums for the insane and "report a plan
for an asylum in this State." The resolution passed
to its third reading, when, on the 25th day of June,
its indefinite postponement being moved by Mr.
John L. Hadley, of Weare, the yeas and nays were
required by Mr. Hadley, and its postponement was
lost by a vote of fifty-four yeas and one hundred
and five nays. The resolution was then passed and
sent to the Senate, where, a few days afterwards,
July 1, 1833, on motion of Mr. Cyrus Barton, its
further consideration was postponed to the next
session of the Legislature. A resolution was also
passed by the House " That each member of this
Legislature instruct their respective towns to report
by their members at the next session the number of
insane, and their wishes in relation to the State
building an hospital for the use of the insane; " but,
on the 4th day of July, this, on motion of Mr. War-
ren Lovell, of Meredith, was also indefinitely post-
poned by the Senate. On the 26th of June still
another resolution was introduced to the House by
Mr. Charles H. Peaslee, of Concord, appropriating
ten thousand dollars " for the erection of an insane
hospital," the further consideration of which was, on
the 3d day of July, on motion of Mr. Zenas Clement,
of Claremont, postponed to the next session of the
Legislature by a vote of one hundred and eight yeas
to eightj'-seven nays.

The use of the Representatives' Hall was granted
to Dr. William Perry, of Exeter, on the evening of
the 20th of June, for the delivery of a lecture upon
the subject of the insane.

Upon the opening of the session of 1834, Governor
Badger warmly urged in his message the importance
of taking some measures for alleviating the existing
condition of the insane, and on the 11th of June
so much of the Governor's message as related to the
deaf, dumb and insane was referred to a special com-
mittee of the House, consisting of Messrs. Charles
H. Peaslee, of Concord; John L. Perley, of Mere-
dith; Hugh Bartley, of Londonderry; John Sulli-
van, of Exeter ; William Gordon, of Charlestown ;
Otis Amidon, of Chesterfield; and Gideon L. Tirrell,
of Shelburne.

On the 24th, Mr. Peaslee, for the committee, pre-
sented to the House an able report, accompanied by
a resolution for an appropriation, by the State, of the
sum of twelve thousand five hundred dollars for the
erection of an asylum for the insane, which, on the
30th of the same month, on motion of Mr. John
Rogers, of Exeter, was postponed to the next session
of the Legislature. The resolution "authorizing
the appointment of an agent for the inspection of
certain asylums for the insane," which was postponed
in 1833 to the next session of the Legislature, was
reported, on the 18th day of June, to the Senate
from the committee on unfinished business, and the
sanie day, on motion of Mr. Austin Corbin, of New-
port, was indefinitely postponed. Twelve days after-
ward, however, a resolution, introduced to the House
by Mr. Jacob Taylor, of Stoddard, was passed, which
required the selectmen of the several towns to make
return to the Secretary of State of the number and
condition of the insane in their respective towns
and districts. Further evidence of the activity of
the friends of the insane is found in the fact that the
House granted the use of their hall a second time to
Dr. William Perry for the delivery of a lecture upon
the condition and wants of the insane of the State.

On the 29th of June the next year (1835) a resolu-
tion was introduced in the House by Mr. Charles H.
Peaslee, of Concord, "appropriating twenty-five
bank shares for an asylum for the insane," which
subsequently, on the 25th of June, on motion of Mr.
John Woodbury, of Salem, was postponed to the
next session of the Legislature. The next day,
however, the House passed a resolution, introduced
by Mr. George W. Kittredge, of New Market, provid-
ing for the appointment of a commission, to consist
of one from each county, to ascertain the number
and condition of the insane in the several counties of
the State and make report to the next Legislature.

At the next session of the Legislature (1836) the
subject of an asylum for the insane was again brought
forward by Governor Hill in his message, and on the
7th day of June a select committee of ten was
appointed "on so much of the Governor's message as
relates to insane persons in this State, the memorials
and petitions praying for the establishment of an
insane asylum and the statistical returns from the
towns of the number and condition of the insane."

THE INSANE ASYLUM.

This committee consisted of Messrs. Charles H.
Peaslee, of Concord ; Luther V. Bell, of Derry ;
Thatcher Bradford, of Hancock ; Augustus Jenkins,
of Portsmouth; Benjamin F. Folsom, of Guilford;
Benjamin Pettingill, of Salisbury ; Cyrus Frost, of
Marlborough; James Breck, of Newport; Henry
H. Lang, of Bath ; and Aaron Potter, of Milan.

To this committee were referred the petitions of
sundry inhabitants of the towns of Richmond, Fitz-
william, Nelson, Winchester, Gilsum, Keene, Exeter,
Sullivan, Dover, Roxbury, Portsmouth and Clare-
mont, besides others of individuals whose residences
are not mentioned. At the autumn session other
petitions of like purport to the foregoing were in-
troduced and similarly referred. On the 15th, Dr.
Luther V. Bell, for the committee, made to the House
of Representatives an able report, whereupon the
House postponed the further consideration of the sub-
ject to the next session of the Legislature. Immedi-
ately after, on motion of Mr. Joel Eastman, of
Conway, the clerk was ordered to procure one thou-
sand printed copies of this report for the use of that
body.

Early in the June session Samuel E. Cones, of
Portsmouth, was granted the use of Representatives'
Hall for the delivery of a lecture upon insanity and
the insane. A few days later, on the 15th, a resolu-
tion of the previous Legislature appropriating twenty-
five bank shares belonging to the State for the erec-
tion of an asylum for the insane was referred to the
select committee above mentioned. Upon the same
day Mr. John L. Hadley, of Weare, introduced to the
House a joint resolution, which soon afterwards
passed both branches of the Legislature, that the
Governor be requested to issue his precepts to the
selectmen of the several towns, to take the sense of
the qualified voters upon the question, "Is it ex-
pedient for the State to grant an appropriation to
build an insane hospital ?"

At the opening of the November session Governor
Hill, in his message to the Legislature, remarks, in
relation to the returns made in conformity to this
resolution, that " less than one-half of the legal
voters of the State have expressed any opinion, and
the official returns, so far as received, would indicate
that the vote had been nearly equal for and against
the proposition."

In 1837 neither the message of the Governor nor the
proceedings of the Legislature contain any allusion
to the subject of an asylum for the insane. Great
financial depression, extending throughout all parts
of the country, may possibly have discouraged efforts
in this direction, which, under other circumstances,
would have been active.

The friends of the enterprise, however, were not
disheartened, nor were their efforts abandoned, as
they cherished a belief that these eftbrts must ere long
be crowned with success. And in this anticipation
they were not disappointed. On the 21st day of

June, 1838, a bill was reported to the House from the
select committee, to whom had been referred so much
of the Governor's message as related to insane persons
in this State, and petitions praying for the establish-
ment of an insane asylum. This passed to a third
reading, when a motion was made by Mr. Reuben
Wyman, of Albany, to postpone it to the next session
of the Legislature, and " that the Secretary of State
be required to notify the selectmen of the several
towns in this State to insert an article in their war-
rants for holding the annual March meetings, to take
the sense of the qualified voters upon the subject of
granting an appropriation for building an asylum."
Upon the yeas and nays being called for by Mr.
Warren Lovell, of Meredith, it was found that the
motion did not prevail, the yeas being eighty -five and
the nays one hundred and forty-four. The bill was
then passed, and in a few days its passage was con-
curred in by the Senate.

Thus, after a severe struggle of six years, during
which period they encountered a most obstinate op-
position, its advocates at length succeeded in obtain-
ing for the asylum a charter. We would be glad to
recount the names of these early and devoted friends
to whose protracted and unwearied efforts the insti-
tution owes its existence, but our limits forbid. But
for their eftbrts in its behalf in the Legislature, the
pulpit, the lecture-room, by the way and wherever
an opportunity offered, it might not have been erected
to this day. In its success they afterwards had proof
of the correctness of their early foresight of its im-
portance, and in its usefulness, their reward.

By its charter the New Hampshire Asylum for the
Insane was constituted a corporation, with power to
hold real and jjersonal property in any amount neces-
sary for its maintenance and support, " provided that
its annual income froin real and personal estate should
not exceed thirty thousand dollars." The institution
was placed under the management of a board of twelve
trustees, the offices of three of whom should become
vacant annually, eight to be chosen by the corpora-
tion and four by a board of visitors, consisting of the
Governor and Council, the President of the Senate
and the Speaker of the House of Representatives, for
the time being. It also provided that when the sum
of fifteen thousand dollars should be secured to the
asylum by individuals, then the State shouid make
over to it, in aid of its benevolent aims, thirty shares
of New Hampshire bank stock, worth at that time
about eighteen thousand dollars.

Some six months after the passage of this act a
controversy arose between the corporation represent-
ing the, subscribers to the voluntary fund and the
board of visitors representing the State, relative to
certain powers of control assumed by the former, and
different interpretations of the act were urged. The
questions involved were settled not long after by an
act of the Legislature, '' in amendment to and ex-
planatory of the incorporating act," which provided

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

that " the direction, managemeut aud control of all
the property and concerns " of the asylum should be
vested in the trustees, without power of interference
by the corporation. And it was ere long thought best
that the institution should be placed entirely under
the control of the State, which, in accordance with an
act passed by the Legislature in 1840, assumed its
sole management through a board of twelve trustees,
to be appointed by the Governor and Council. An-
other act, passed the same year, provided that all
contributions by private individuals, previously made,
should be refunded to them if claimed within a speci-
fied time.

The location of the asylum at some point in the
town of Concord was left to the trustees, who, on the
21st day of January, 1841, selected that which it now
occupies, the town of Concord having previously
voted to give to the asylum the sum of nine thousand
five hundred dollars, provided it should be located
within its limits ; private citizens of the town having
previously pledged a considerable amount in addition
upon the same condition.

A building committee, previously appointed, now
entered upon the discharge of their duties and pro-
cured the completion, in October, 1842, of the front
portion of the present centre building and the adjoin-
ing north and south wings, which afibrded accommo-
dations for ninety-six patients. From the trustees'
report of 1844 it appears " that the whole amount ex-
pended in the erection of the hospital, barn and out-
buildings, for the farm, consisting of one hundred and
twenty-one acres, supply of water, furniture, farming
tools, stock and other property was $35,266.70 ; " and
that of this sum, nineteen thousand dollars only had
been paid by the State, the balance having been re-
ceived from contributions by the town and citizens of
Concord, the Society of Shakers and other benevolent
individuals or realized from the board of patients.

A few years later an additional building was
erected in the rear of the main structure, for the use
of excited patients, which, upon the completion of
the original Peaslee building, in 185.5, was converted
into a laundry.

The asylum was opened for the reception of patients
on the 29th day of October, 1842, under the superin-
tendence of Dr. George Chandler, who, in June follow-
ing, reported to the trustees the admission of seventy-
six patients during the previous seven months. Dr.
Chandler remained at the head of the institution for
about three years, and to him it is largely indebted
for the initiation of a wise routine of management.
He was succeeded in 1845 by Dr. Andrew McFarland,
afterwards superintendent of the Illinois Asylum for
the Insane, who discharged the duties of superintend-
ent for about seven years, and resigned in the summer
of 1852. In 1849, three years before he retired from
his office, the Chandler wing was built.

He was succeeded by Dr. John E. Tyler, who held
the oftice tor a period of about four years and a half

During his superintendency the first portion of the
Peaslee building was erected in 1854, steam fixtures
for warming the halls and other parts of the house
were introduced in 1855, and, in consequence of in-
creasing applications for admission, the Rumford wing
was erected the same year, thereby increasing the
limit of accommodations to two hundred and twenty-
five patients.

In consequence of impaired health, Dr. Tyler re-
signed in 1857, and was succeeded by Dr. Jesse P. Ban-
croft. His period of service was a long one, extending
from 1857 to 1883. It was also an active one, during
which no less than seven important buildings were
added to those previously in use.

The first of these, in the order of construction, was
the Kent building, erected in 1867. This is the cor-
responding building, on the female side of the asylum,
to the Peaslee building, on the male side. It embod-
ies most of the advanced ideas pertaining to the cus:
tody of highly-excited patients prevailing at the time
of its erection, and is still well abreast of the present
period in this respect.

The very greatly-enlarged number of patients in
1868 rendered necessary a new kitchen, bakery,
cellar, dining-room for employes, sewing-room and
chapel. These wants were all supplied in the present
chapel building, which was built this year and de-
signed to meet them.

The ventilation of the old buildings proved more
and more defective as time elapsed and numbers in-
creased. In 1869, Dr. Bancroft devised a new system
for the halls and rooms in these, and from time to
time, as fast as practicable, it has been introduced
with gratifying success.

The enlargement of the asylum structure on the
south brought into very objectionable contiguity the
barn and stable of the institution. The necessity for
larger structures of this character, better planned and
more remotely located, was met, in 1871, by their
removal and reconstruction upon the sites which they
now occupy.

In 1874 the Peaslee building, originally occupying
a foremost rank among buildings of this description,
was found to have become of insufficient capacity
and wanting in some important conveniences, which
the experience of the period following its erection
had suggested. Its accommodations having become
insufficient rather than unsuitable, it was enlarged to
double its size and furnished with such additional
conveniences as the most advanced treatment of
highly excited patients required.

Three years later it became apparent that the asylum
had outgrown its boiler-house and repair-shops, and
that a new structure to meet these wants had become
imperative. After a careful consideration of these
and of the most desirable way of providing for them,
the present boiler-house and ivork-shops were con-
structed in 1877.

Twice since its erection has the central building of

THE INSANE ASYLUM.

the asylum been enlarged. Its accommodations were
first increased, in 1860, by an addition of some thirty-
six feet upon the west. The greatly-enlarged num-
ber of employes calling ere long for still more room,
an additional story was put upon it in 1879. These
additions have doubled its original capacity.

The last addition made to the asylum structure
was that of the Bancroft building. This was sug-
gested partly by the need of additional room on the
fem.ale side of the asylum, and partly by a desire, on
tlie part of the friends of a somewhat limited class of
patients in the State, for more ample accommoda-
tions and a more private life than is usually found
practicable at institutions for the insane. To meet
this want the comely structure designated as above
wa-s erected in 1882.

Such has been the growth of the asylum structure
up to the present time (1885). Its accommodations
have been increased from those at first provided for
ninety-six patients to those which can now more
amply accommodate three hundred and fifty.

The whole amount expended upon this structure,
from first to last, by the State has been but two hun-
dred and fourteen thousand dollars, or, considering
the character of the accommodations aftbrded, the
very low sum of six hundred and eleven dollars per
patient. Whatever the asylum has cost beyond this
amount has come from sources other than the State
treasury.

It is located in the very heart of the city of Con-
cord, upon a tract of ground, highly improved, of about
one hundred and twenty-five acres. Some twenty-
five acres of this are occupied by the various build-
ings and airing courts; the remainder by the pond,
farming areas, groves, avenues and paths. In addi-
tion to the ground about the house, the asylum owns
a pasture, about a half a mile distant, of fifty acres.

One of the greatest boons enjoyed by the institution
is that of an unlimited supply of purest water. This
comes from a well sunk by Dr. Bancroft upon the
premises in 1880, which has a diameter of fifty feet
and a depth of fifteen. It is drawn upon daily for
about fifty thousand gallons, and is capable of yield-
ing a much larger supply. Never since its construc-
tion has it shown the slightest indications of failure,
even during the severest droughts.

In 1855, as before stated, the furnaces, which had
lieen previously employed, were discarded, and ap-
pliances for warming the buildings by steam were
introduced. Up to 1870 wood was the fuel used.
But this growing more and more dear in price and
its supply more and more uncertain, it gave way to
coal, and for the last fifteen years the steam for heat-
ing, washing, cooking, etc., has been made by this.

After an active service of twenty-five years, Dr.
Bancroft resigned the superintendency in 1882, and
htus been succeeded by his son. Dr. Charles P. Ban-
croft. Familiar with all the traditions of the insti-
tution and thoroughly equipped by education and

experience for the high responsibilities of his post,
he is maintaining its usefulness and continuing it in
the front rank of American asylums for the insane.
Its success thus far has been due very largely to the
entire absence of partisanship in its boards of visi-
tors and of trustees, to the patient and devoted
efibrts of able superintendents, to the liberal benefac-
tions of earnest friends of the insane, to timely aid
from time to time rendered by the State and to the
full reports made annually to the public of its con-
dition and operations.

It is an interesting fact in its history that devoted
friends of the insane have ever watched the progress
of the asylum, and made, from time to time, liberal
contributions to its funds. It has been deemed just
and proper to put on record here the names of these
generous patrons.

Before its opening, even, in 1837, Miss Catharine
Fisk, of Keene, a lady of high culture and benevolent
impulses, bequeathed to it a legacy of nearly six thou-
sand dollars, charged with certain temporary an-
nuities, since terminated. By the terms of her will,
this bequest was not to be paid to the asylum until
the expiration of fifty years from the time of her
decease, and, consequently, no part of this has yet
been received. At present, held by the State as
trustee, it is increasing by the annual addition of the
accruing interest, and now (1885) amounts to twenty-
three thousand four hundred and seventy-six dollars
and seventy-one cents. It will become payable to the
asylum in the year 1887.

In 1846, and at subsequent times, the State, as
trustee for the asylum, received, in partial payments
from the estate of Jacob Kimball, of Hampstead, a
legacy amounting to six thousand seven hundred and
forty-three dollars and forty-nine cents, the interest
of which is annually paid by the State treasurer to
the asylum.

Again, in 1847, the Hon. Samuel Bell, of Chester,
made to the asylum generous donations of money, to
be expended in the purchase of books for the use of
such patients as might be benefited by the perusal
of them. With this some two hundred and fifty
j volumes of standard works, well suited to the purpose
intended, were procured. These formed the nucleus
about which the present asylum library has grown
up. The important additions since made have re-
sulted from numerous smaller and later gifts. This
collection of books, now containing about eighteen
hundred volumes, is of great value as a curative
agency in the treatment of large numbers of con-
valescent and mildly affected patients.

Two years afterwards, in 1849, the institution re-
ceived, as a contribution to its fund, the sum of two
hundred dollars from John Williams, I5sq., of
Hanover.

Abiel Chandler, Esq., of Walpole, the founder of
the Chandler Scientific School at Hanover, who died
in 1851, bequeathed to the asylum two legacies, one

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

of six hundred dollars, charged with the life-estate of
a niece, and another of one thousand dollars, at the
same time making the institution his residuary lega-
tee. The several sums paid to its treasurer and
financial agent, from time to time, by his executors
amount to twenty-seven thousand six hundred and
thirty-one dollars and lifteen cents. The ultimate
amount of this fund, which bears the name of its
donor, has been fixed by the trustees at thirty thou-
sand dollars, and already, increased by the addition to
it of interest, stands upon the books of the institu-
tion at twenty-nine thousand eight hundred dollars.

The Countess of Eumford, who died at Concord in
December, 1852, was also a benefactress of the asylum.
Feeling a deep interest in this and other benevolent
institutions in her native State and elsewhere, at her
decease she left to such a very large proportion of
her estate. To her kindness the asylum is indebted
for a legacy of fifteen thousand dollars, which was
paid to its treasurer in 1853.

Mrs. Mary Danfortb, of Boscawen, who also died
in 1862, after making other specific bequests, left to
the asylum the residuum of her estate. From this
the sum of three hundred and forty-seven dollars and
ninety cents was realized by the institution.

One of the early trustees of the asylum was Mr.
William Plumer, of Londonderry, who ever mani-
fested a deep concern for its welfare. It was found,
after his decease, that, retaining this interest to the
last, he had left to it a legacy of five hundred dollars,
which was paid to its treasurer in 1863.

Still another benefactress of the asylum was Mrs.
Peggy Fuller, of Francestown, from whose estate it
received, in 1862-63, the sum of eighteen hundred and
fourteen dollars and forty-two cents.

In 1862 the institution received from the executors
of the will of Mrs. Fanny S. Sherman, of Exeter, a
lady of great excellence of character, a legacy of five
thousand dollars, the annual income of which is, by
her direction, given to indigent patients, to assist
them in paying the necessary expenses of their sup-
port, and is the first bequest ever received by the
asylum to which any particular direction has been
attached by the donor. Some five years later the
sum of two hundred and two dollars and ten cents
was paid to the asylum,' by his executors, as a legacy
of Mr. Horace Hall, of Charlestown.

The largest bequest ever made to the asylum was
the munificent one of Mr. Moody Kent, who died in
1866. Having watched its progress with great interest
for a long series of years, he left to it, at his decease,
the residue of his property, after the payment of
numerous legacies to relatives and friends. From his
estate the institution received one hundred and forty-
nine thousand four hundred and fourteen dollars, which
sum, increased by a small addition derived from ac-
crued interest, now constitutes the present Kent
fund of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars.

The Rev. Dr. Charles Burroughs, of Portsmouth,

who, for about thirteen years, had held the ofiice of
president of the board of trustees, left at his decease,
in March, 1868, as an evidence of his deep interest in
the asylutn, a bequest of one thousand dollars, to be
paid to the institution at the close of the life of Mrs.
Burroughs.

Isaac Adams, of Sandwich, after having served the
institution for several years with signal ability as
one of its trustees, upon retiring from the board, in
1868, accompanied his resignation with the liberal gift
of one thousand dollars, requesting that the interest
might be expended in affording means of in-door
recreation to male patients so situated as to be de-
prived of it in the open air. This fund, which has
been accumulating, will be used at an early day as
the foundation of active measures to secure the im-
portant result suggested by its donor.

In 1872, John Conant, of Jafirey, the constructing
agent ot the first asylum building, for many years a
member of its board of trustees, and for six years its
president, gave expression to a deep interest long en-
tertained for the institution by a generous donation
of six thousand dollars, as an addition to its per-
manent funds.

The third on the list of female patrons of the insti-
tution stands the name of Miss Arabella Rice, of
Portsmouth, who died in 1872 and left to it a legacy
of twenty thousand dollars as a proof of her deep
interest in the welfare of the asylum and of the un-
fortunate class to whom it ministers.

Hon. Isaac Spalding, of Nashua, for many years a
member of the board of its trustees and from 1868 to
1875 its president, died the latter year, leaving to the
asylum a legacy of ten thousand dollars as his con-
tribution to its permanent funds.

In 1883 the asylum received a legacy of one
thousand dollars from the estate of Miss H. Louise
Penhallow, of Portsmouth, being the last which has
come into its treasury.

The whole amount of the asylum's permanent
funds on the 1st day of June, 1885, was two hundred
and seventy thousand three hundred and eighty-four
dollars and five cents.

The settled purpose of the trustees as to each of
these, and to every other fund which may hereafter
be given to the asylum amounting to one thousand
dollars or over, unless otherwise ordered by the
donor, is to maintain the principal thereof intact,
and so to expend the income, from time to time
accruing, as the greatest good of the patients and of
the asylum shall suggest. The following votes of the
trustees, regulating their action in this regard, will
present more in detail the rules by which they are
governed :

"Fofei, That the several fundB that have been, or may hereafter be,
given to the New Hampshire Asylum for the Insane, unless otherwise
ordered by the donors, be entei-ed upon the books of the asylum an per-
manent funds, be set apart with the names of said donors attached to
each, to be forever kept intact, and that the income thereof be expended
in accordance with the conditions upon which they are given, or, in the

THE INSANE ASYLUM.

absence of such, in such manner as the trustees shall deem most for the
interest of the asylum and its patients.

"Voted, That if, at any time, the principal of any fund he impaired,
the income thereof shall be at once devoted to its restoration and continue
to be thus appropriated until the said fund shall attain its original

From the foregoing sketch of the rise and progress
of the New Hampshire Asylum it appears that, from
the first, there have been successive demands for ad-
ditional buildings and other facilities for the care
and treatment of the insane. This demand has
arisen, in part, from the constant increase in the
number of persons requiring hospital care ; but this
has not been the sole cause of the demand. There
has been, as the result of experience, an advancing
idea of the requisites for the proper treatment of in-
sanity, and, as a result, there has been, from time to
time, demands not only for new buildings, but for
radical changes of old ones. Experience has been
constantly bringing to light the insufficiency and de-
fects of the earlier ideas and usages, and calling for
facilities for utilizing the fruits of that experience, — a
common fact in all fields of progress. The history of
the asylum has been one of progressive develop-
ment, which has found no resting-place.

It germinated in sympathy for the insane, the
depth of which was shown in the patience and per-
sistency with which the first movers in the enterprise
resisted the obstacles thrown in their way, and re-
newed their determined efforts from year to year.
The results of their efforts have been an emphatic
vindication of the soundness of their judgment as
well as of the benevolence of their sentiments. It
would be impossible to form a just estimate of the
benefits which have followed, unless by .a comparison
of the condition of the insane prior to the founding
of the institution and that at the present time. A
few words in regard to the old notions of insanity
may be allowable here in contrast with present
views, as illustrating the amount of good accom-
plished. Before the opening of this century the in-
sane were regarded and treated as outcasts, looked
upon with horror, as culprits or possessed with evil
spirits. Execution or imprisonment was their por-
tion. Those who escaped these were subjected to
measures for the expulsion of demoniac possession,
incantations or vile compounds supposed to possess
virtue against demons. Holy water, to which salt
was added, was a famous prescription for this pur-
pose, on the theory that the devil abhorred salt.
Binding the subject to a cross was another remedy
supposed to possess great efficiency.

An old medical writer records this as the treatment
of a case of active mania, which he witnessed: A
priest entered the room of the person and said,
"Thou devil of devils! I adjure thee by the potential
power of the Father and the Son, our Lord Jesus
Christ, and by the virtue of the Holy Ghost that
thou do show me for what cause thou dost possess
this woman."

Recovery was the result reported. Prior to the
year 1797 almost no rational and scientific provision
for the insane had been attempted. The few institu-
tions then existing differed little from prisons. Pinel,
with an insight deeper than others, saw that disease,
and not the devil, was the cause of insanity ; and his
logical inference was that treatment of it as of other
diseases was the remedy, rather than binding to a
holy cross or the expulsion of the devil.

After much eflbrt, and against violent opposition,
he obtained the reluctant permission of the authori-
ties to try the experiment of treating insanity as dis-
ease, but only on condition that he be held personally
responsible for any harm which might ensue to the
public from this supposed hazardous measure. He
removed the insane from dark and foul prisons into
hospital care, much to their relief and joy. This was
the first step in rational and scientific treatment.
Out of this germ has grown the grand results of the
present period. But the hospital of to-day was not
the immediate product of this radical change of
theory. For a long time after this there was no in-
stitution seen which could compare favorably with
the hospital of the present. Even Pinel himself had
little conception of the possibilities lying in the di-
rection of liberal usages in the care of the insane.
The best practice of that day would now be regarded
as crude and insufficient, affording little worth copy-
ing.

The way out of the strange vagaries in opinion
and practice, so long entertained, was not short or
sudden, but, of necessity, through a long series of
cautious observations and careful practical trials.
Old traditions and hereditary prejudices, however
absurd and unreasonable, are never quickly eradi-
cated. But one great advantage was immediately
realized: insanitj- at once begun to be studied and
dealt with from a new point of departure. Pinel had
transferred it from demonology and crime into the
category of disease, to be henceforth investigated as
other bodily afl'ections. This was an immense gain.
Henceforward the sciences tributary to general medi-
cine were to contribute in explanation of the intri-
cate mental phenomena dependent on cerebral le-
sions. Physiology and pathology came at once to be
consulted, rather than the changes of the moon. In
the light of these, careful observation of the phenom-
ena of insanity as disease has been the increasing
practice.

From this point progress has been uninterrupted,
but especially rapid during the last half-century.
The breaking away from old traditions and prejudices
has been much more apparent in this period, as
shown in changing hospital architecture and the
adoption of a vastly more liberal type of organiza-
tion. If the progress seems, at first thought, slow,
it is to be considered that, in the nature of the case,
the full extent to which it is now found that liberal
and common-sense methods can be safely applied in

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

practice with the insane could be only gradually
apprehended. It was only by cautiously conducted
trials, even at some supposed risks, that the now
generally accepted conviction became established
that the insane, as a class, could be intrusted with
a larger liberty and controlled more by moral influ-
ences than had, in earlier times, been deemed safe.

These results of experience explain the great dif-
ference apparent between the architectural features
of the old and the later structures of the New
Hampshire Asylum. These latter show that much
more self-control is expected on the part of the
patient than was supposed possible when the former
were constructed ; and also provide a larger latitude
for the exercise of independent volition and the free
exercise of personal tastes. A careful examination of
the features of the series of buildings, in the order of
the time of their erection since the first, will afford a
very correct illustration of the gradual evolution
of ideas and methods of practice with the insane.
This evolution is most gratifying to philanthropy,
and, by the most intelligent alienists, is not believed
to have yet reached its limit. They look confidently
forward to that happy adjustment of residences and
other auxiliary influences which shall reduce to a
minimum the real sacrifices involved in hospital
treatment, as also the dread with which so many
have regarded its necessity.

The New Hampshire Asylum has, from its organ-
ization, been in fullest sympathy with others in this
progressive work, and has never been satisfied with
an inferior rank. Each new move, whether in build-
ing or in administration, has embodied the gleanings
of the past, both in the literature of the subject and
of experience, whether its own or that of others.
So far as its resources would allow, it has ever fol-
lowed the most progressive ideas, regulated by a
rigid, but not suicidal, economy. Its trustees and
physicians have always regarded buildings and sur-
roundings as important co-factors in successful treat-
ment, and have therefore spared no pains to embody
in these as much of remedial force as possible. It
was not the first in the field. Enough had been done
in England and in this country to aiford solid hope
and promise to our sagacious and whole-hearted
people, by whose unwearied eflTorts the first organiza-
tion was secured.

The practical work accomplished by the asylum
could not be fairly appreciated without taking into
account the condition of the insane in the State when
it commenced operations, a condition which it is dif-
ficult to realize at this day. It cannot be described
more briefly or better than by Dr. Bell, in his report
made to the Legislature in June, 1836, to which refer
ence has already been made. He says, —

" The coniniittee feel that neither the time nor the occasion require
them to allude to instances of the aggravated and almost incredible
sufferings of the insane poor -which have come to their knowledge; they
are convinced that the Legislature require no high-wrought pictures of
the variations of intense misery to which the pauper lunatic is subjected,

extending from the time of his incarceration in the cold, narrow, sunles«.
tireless cell of the almshouse to the scarcely more human disposal ot
him by ' selling at auction,' as it is called, by which he fell into tlie
tender mercies of the most abject and worthless of society, who alone
could be excited by cupidity to such a revolting charge. Suffice it to
say, on this point, that your committee are Siltisfied that the horrors of
the present condition of the insane in New Hampshire are far from
having been exaggerated. They have found that public officers and
citizens of towns have naturally been unwilling that the extent and
particulars of what many of them doubtless sincerely believe a necessarj-,
or at least, an unavoidable severity, should be blazoned forth to the
public ; those having charge of insane friends have been found often
unwilling even to refer to the maladies, still less to speak of the treat-
ment and condition which they conscientiously think unavoidable in
their circumstances. . . . In view of this immense mass of unmitigated
and undiluted misery, the question will spontaneously occur, what can
be done for its alleviatiou and prevention ? "

The enacting of the law founding the asylum was
the manner in which the Legislature answered this
grave question of their committee. The same com-
mittee thus set forth the results to be secured by this
legislation, —

''First, a curative institution, restoring those intrusted to its charge
to the exercise of reason and their duties in society ; second, the influ-
ence of such an institution in diminishing the amount of public suffer-
ing, both iTi alleviating the condition of the insane inmates who may be
beyond the reach of successful medication, and removing the immense
weight of anxiety and distress and danger to their connections and rela-
tions ; third, a place of custody for those insane persons endangering the
lives and safety of the community and their own persons."

That these objects have been secured, in an emi-
nent degree, can hardly be questioned at this day by
any one who has intelligently watched the progress
of the institution from its foundation. But the full
measure of relief from suffering which it has secured
to the objects of its care, as well as the amount of
misery it has saved by its preventive measures, can
be known only to those who have been personally
conversant with, or interested in, its personal
histories.

A brief review of the historical record of its work,
as derived from its statistics, will be germain to the
objects of this article. From the time of the admis-
sion of the first patient, October 29, 1842, to March
31, 1885, a period of forty-two years, five months and
two days, four thousand seven hundred and fifty-two
persons were admitted to the asylum and received its
care. Of this number, seventeen hundred and thirty-
four went forth restored to reason, prepared to resume
their places and trusts in society. This fact alone
has much significance when taken in connection with
the statement of the committee already quoted from,
that " We found no more than an occasional instance
of amendment under the common treatment."

It further appears that eleven hundred and seven
persons, under care and treatment, but who did not
fully recover mental health, left the institution so
much improved as to render life among friends prac-
ticable, .safe, and generally more or less useful. Of
this class, a considerable number were convalescent
on leaving, and fully recovered afterwards. The rec-
ords show only eight hundred and thirty-eight dis-
charged whose diseases were not either removed or
mitigated. But even with those whose maladies did

THE INSANE ASYLUM.

not admit of relief, the ministrations of the institu-
tiim were by no means of little value. This will be
found emphatically true when the hospital life of
such persons, with its systematic regulation of things
and its sanitary provisions, is compared with any pos-
sible life without a hospital. The incurable insane,
whose lives, to a great extent, could otherwise be only
misery, are here brought within the reach of every
domestic comfort, and even convenience, and the
moderating and steadying influences existing secure
to this class some good measure even of happiness. But
besides these three classes, — the restored, the improved
and the nominally unimproved, — there were those who
(lied. Of this class, from the opening of the asylum
to April, 1, 1885, there were seven hundred and forty-
eight. The attentions due and rendered to these have
not been among the least of the benefits accruing to
these sufferers. Kind ministrations to the hopeless
and the helpless are ever held among the highest and
best of human acts. They exalt and dignify human
nature. We think only with a shudder of the hope-
less victims of disease dying in lonesome neglect. It is
a bright feature of Christian civilization that ittenderly
cares for those who fall in the race ; it is the trait of
the savage to abandon to their fate those who can no
longer do service in the ranks. To bring to the bed
of the dying all suitable tokens of respect, and to
make the last days of these as far as possible from
solitude or neglect, has ever been the studious effort
of the management of the institution.

What these ministrations may have been worth
to the immediate objects of them, and to the sorrow-
ing homes to which they belonged, it is not the
province of words to show, — their full bearings can-
not be made written history.

This glance at the statistical records of the work of
the asylum from its foundation is only a naked out-
line. To bring the extent and value of this work to
the full apprehension of the reader would be to re-
view, in detail, the busy, laborious and often painful
hours of forty-two years.

Through these years all plans and all work have
aimed at one object, and that, to make the treatment
of mental disorders rational, thoroughly human and
free of all superstition and all needless interference
with the rights and privileges of the patient. Fol-
lowing, in the adoption of plans, this principle, the
history of the institution has been one of evolution.
Out of what, at first, bore great resemblances to im-
prisonment there have been evolved conditions of life
for the insane lacking none of the necessaries and
comforts, and few of the privileges and even the
amenities, of ordinary domestic life.

The space allowed for this article will not admit of
remark upon the medical treatment of insanity, fur-
ther than to say that mental derangement, in some
instances, is the reflex effect of disorder in some
bodily organ other than the brain, and that in such
cases treatment is directed to that organ. What re-

mains to be said must have reference to the general,
or so-called moral, treatment, having reference
largely to those influences which address themselves
to the mind, and involve such a regulation of hospi-
tal life and activities as best to antagonize morbid
processes, restore normal habits of thought or to
yield the largest benefits where restoration is impos-
sible. The same general system of measures contrib-
utes to both these ends. In other words, experience
has shown that, in adjustingsurroundings and shaping
domestic and social influences for the average of the
insane, the usages and methods most agreeable to the
sane are most conducive to the recovery of the cur-
able, and most congenial to the minds of those who
cannot recover. This is equivalent to saying that in-
sanity introduces no new and special elements of its
own requiring the suspension of ordinary customs.
Tastes, personal proclivities and the conditions of
pleasure and pain remain unchanged in kind, even
when modified in action by disease ; and are respon-
sive to the same stimuli. The recognition of this fact
has been a modern achievement, and is in agreeable
contrast with older ideas and practice. The latter made
the insane some unreal being, endowed with exception-
al trails not amenable to ordinary influences, and
hence to be treated as an exception. This error led
to every absurdity and wrong in practice, the most
conspicuous of which were inactivity, repression and
confinement, shutting out most of the health-giving
remedial stimuli. Comparatively speaking, this was
the practice at the opening of the asylum, when hospi-
tal life, as compared with that of the present, was a
gloomy monotony, embracing little calculated to arrest
the morbid currents of thought and feeling, and invite
them into healthy channels. The institution, during
its forty years of activity, has been steadily illustrating
the incorrectness of those older notions, and making
its cautious way towards the opposite theory and prac-
tice. This later method is especially characterized by
varied activities and the least practicable departure
in the same from the style of social intercourse, and
the usages and rules of ordinary life.

The study and effort, in the direction of affairs, has
ever been and is, to make the institution in the smallest
degree possible a peculiar place, but, on the other
hand, to give it the aspects of home-life, and to fur-
nish it with attractive and pleasant activities, calcu-
lated to arrest the attention and draw the thoughts
from self and morbid themes. This end has been
steadily kept in view in all the movements of the
management, whether iu building new or reconstruct-
ing old, in furnishings or equipments, or in invent-
ing the various methods of occupying time and atten-
tion. All have sought this one object till scarcely
any resemblance could be traced between the original
and the later institution life. Attractive surround-
ings, associations and occupations have come to take
the place of the gloomy and depressing monotony, in-
the ways of living, which characterized tlic first stages

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

of the enterprise. The application, in detail, of the
underlying principle could not be the work of a day
or a year, but the result of long-continued study of
the symptoms, tastes and wants of many individual
cases, and of the effects of these agencies upon them.

This has shown that, nest to a natural and attrac-
tive domestic adjustment, occupation is the great de-
sideratum of successful treatment. This applies both
to body and mind, and should be varied almost with-
out limit to adapt it to individual capacities and tastes.

To provide such occupation in sufficient variety is
at once the foremost and the most difficult of the
duties of the administration. It lays under contri-
bution every practicable agency within reach, — the
farm, the shop, the laundry, the kitchen, the sewing-
room, the carriage-drive and the walk in the coun-
try ; and in-doors, the library and various public ex-
ercises of instruction or entertainment. All these
are drawn upon with increasing diligence, to the ex-
tent of available resources, so that none, except the
few who, from bodily weakness, require absolute rest,
are left without an external stimulus designed to an-
tagonize the morbid introvei-sion ever present in men-
tal disease. It requires no argument to show the rea-
sonableness of this practice, even if ample experience
had not faithfully demonstrated it ; and it may be af-
firmed that, aside from strictly medical treatment,
the value of hospital residence is now largely meas-
ured by the ability of the institution to provide these
agencies. With a view to multiply and vary these, a
large shop is now being fitted up, to be supplied with
facilities for introducing many forms of light, safe, and
attractive mechanical work. These forms will be so
chosen as to meet the largest practicable variety of
tastes and qualifications for work on the part of the
patients, with a view, at the same time, to being as
easily conducted and as inexpensive as possible.
The income of the Adams fund is available for the
support of this department. Our limits will not allow
u,s to extend remarks on this subject.

Another, and the last we shall notice, of the pro-
gressive steps taken to render the treatment of the in-
sane as liberal and complete as possible was the erec-
tion of the Bancroft building in 1882-83. In its
plan of construction, this was an advance on all the

others ; and not simply to increase accommodations,
but also to occupy new ground in treatment. Previ-
ously, the more agitated and irresponsible classes had
been amply provided for in the older buildings, but
not so amply the convalescent and those not needing
restraints. The partially self-sustaining patients have
hitherto been associated with more or less incompat-
ible classes for lack of sufficient variety in apart-
ments. So, also, persons with ample means, and need-
ing no other than moral restraints, have not found, in
the older buildings, sufficiently liberal accommoda-
tions to satisfy their habits and tastes. Both these
classes have been provided for in the construction of
this building.

The trustees, seeing no reason why the tastes of the
insane should not be recognized in their treatment,
have here prepared to do so by furnishing the facili-
ties for individualizing attentions Without incon-
venience to others, a patient can have one, two or three
rooms, and such private attendance and service as
may be desired, with all the privacy and independence
of private residence. At the same time those not able
to provide so liberal an outfit, or not desiring it, can
have single rooms, with the general attendance, and
secure all the benefits of the retired and quiet situa-
tion without burdensome expense. The practical
working of this detached and retired building has
already been most gratifying, and has done much to
remove any real objection to hospital residence,
since it has done away with almost the last vestige
of departure from the forms and usages of private
life, at the same time that it has retained all the sus-
taining and remedial influences of hospital organiza-
tion.

Sufficient has been said to give the reader an idea
of the tendencies and most prominent characteristics
of the hospital care and treatment of the insane at
the present time. When this method is compared
with the confinement, the inactivity and monotony
which characterized the earliest usages, it is not diffi-
cult to form some adequate estimate of the influence
the New Hampshire Asylum has had upon the con-
dition of the insane, or to see how far it has realized
the hopes of its early advocates ; and proved a suc-
cess and an inestimable blessing to the State.

HISTORY OF CONCORD.

CHAPTER I.

Geograpbical — lodiaD Occupation — The Penacooks— Original Grant,
1725— Firet Jlceting of Proprietors— The Pioneers— Early Rules and
Kegulations— Grant of Bow— The Controversy— The First Settlements
— List of Proprietors and Settlers — Incorporation of Rumford— Incor-
poration of Concord Parish— The First Parish Meeting— Officers Elec-
ted — Indian Troubles— Garrisons in 1746- The Massacre— The Brad-
ley Monument.

Concord, the county-seat of Merrimack County,
and capTtal of the State of New Hampshire, lies in
the southern part of the county, and is bounded as
follows :

North by Webster, Boscawen, Canterbury and Lou-
don ; East by Loudon, Chichester and Pembroke ;
South by Pembroke and Bow ; West by Dunbarton,
Hopkinton, Webster, Boscawen and Canterbury.

This territory was originally occupied by the Pena-
cooks, a powerful tribe of Indians, who, when first
known by the English, had their headquarters here,
and numbered four or five hundred men. Their chief
was named Passaconaway, " the child and the bear,"
and was regarded with the highest veneration by the
Indians, filling the office of chief, priest and physi-
cian, and, as they believed, having direct communi-
cation with the Great Spirit.

The township was granted January 17, 1725. The
petition for the grant was as follows :

" To the Hon'''« Wm. Dumnier, Esq""., Lieut. Governor, and Commander
in Chief in and over His Majesties province of y" Massachusetts Bay,
in New England, to the Hon>»''= His Majesties Council and House of
Representatives in Gen. Court or Assembly convened at Boston, Juue
17"', 1725.

" The petition of Benj". Stephens, Andrew Mitchel, David Kimball,
Ebenezer Eastman, John Osgood and Moses Day, a Committee ap-
pointed by and in behalf or the petitioners formally for a Tract of
Land at a place called I'enuycuok, —
" Humbly Sheweth, ■J'li:it «Ihi ,i- >- prlinners have at two 3cve>

times petitioned the Gif:ii I. '. ' ir a grant of the aforesaid

tract of Land

speedy

they are able to

Peno.v

II- lully inclined to make a
[, ■ , uniier the divine protection,
li Willi iiiiil the Honbio House of Rep-
resentatives having: bfon p|. ii>< .1 twii .■ -.. im- to take their petition under
consideration as to grant flh> |.i .ivii iin.l. r -m-h conditions as by ye vote
of the s* Hon"' House may more fiiU.v unn-.i, which conditions, though
they be expensive, yet y petitioners have well weighed the same, and
would willingly have undertaken the settlement, if it had been the pleas-
ure of the Honi'io Board to have concurred in the aforesaid vote. But as y
petitioners are informed it did not meet with a concurrence : Wherefore,
yf petitioners are emboldened, with great subraiaeiou, to renew their petn
to y Honour, and this Great and Gen' Court, that you would please to
take the premises again into y wise and serious consideration ; and as the
building a Fort there will undoubtedly be a great security within and on

Merrimack River, and y' your petitioners are still willing to build and
maintain it as afore proposed, at their own cost, yt they may have the
countenance and authority of this Court therefor, and that they woud
pledge to make them a irrant of it accordingly.

"Yr petit" WMiiM il-,, -i(_ s -I t-i vf Honnours, that many applications

have been mail' I , i, ui of New Hampshire for a grant of the

s*! Land, wliiL-li, _;i .i i i.' inidoubted right and property of this

Province, yet it i? lih.:lil.\ i.ii.t.al.k- that a parcel of Irish people will ob-
tain a grant from New Hampshire for it, unless some speedy care be
taken by this great and Honi>ie Court to prevent it. If that Government
should once make y"" a grant, tho' the pet" conceive itwou'dbe without
right, as in the case of Nutfleld, yett it wou'd be a thing attended with
too much difficulty to pretend to root y™ out, if they shou'd once gett
foot hold there. Tour petitioners therefore pray that the vote passed by
the Hon''''' House may be revived, or that they may have a grant of the
liand on such other terms and conditions as to the wisdom of this Court
shall seem best. .\nd for yr Hon", as in duty bound, yr petitioners shall
ever pray, etc.

" Benja. Stephens.

"Anueew Mitcheh.

••David Kimbel.

•'Bbene. Eastman.

••John Osgood.

••MosES Day.
"In the House of Representatives, June 17"', 1725.
"Read, and the question was put whether the House wou'd revive
their vote above refer'd to, —
"Resolved in the affirmative.

••Copy examined per

•'J. WitLiRD, Sec'y.

The first meeting of the proprietors was held at the
house of Ebenezer Eastman, in Haverhill, for the pur-
pose of admitting settlers.

At a meeting of the proprietors, held at Andover
February 7 and 8, 1726, the following settlers drew
lots:

Enoch Coffin, John Peabody, Richard Urann, Andrew Mitchell, Mr.
Samuel Phillips, Samuel Ayer, John Grainger, Henry Rolfe, John San-
ders, Jr., Thomas Page, William Barker, Isaac' Walker, Joseph Davis,
John Coggin, Benjamin Parker, Edward Clarke, Stephen Osgood, Benja-
min Gage, Moses Day, David Kimball, Benjamin Stevens, John Chand-
ler, EbeiiezL-r Virgin, John Pecker, Moses Hazzen, William Gutterson,
JoMi'li Ml!., 1 I'lirniii I'livis, John Wright, Jacob Eames, Jacob Abbott,
Clui-i I ' i N.iiliiinie! Page, Samuel Kimball, Nathan Simonds,

DiiMli' ' I ii-lee, Richard Coolidge, right drawn by Samuel

Je -. I II II \ ii . IIuliLTt Kimball, John Saunders, Nathaniel

Cleinoiit, Elii II I \, 1 li II t.'sgood, Zerobbabel Snow, Ebenezer

Eastman, .ten i - I ii Austin, Edward Winn, Ebenezer

Stevens, Jospili I' - I i-, Kphraim Hildreth, James Parker,

Nathan LoveJMV, ^imii I l;;h M-, .luhn Foster, James Simonds, Joseph
Parker, Nathan Fisks J ight rlniwu by Zech. Chandler, Zebediah Bar-
ker's right drawn by Edward Abbott, John Bayley's right drawn by
Samuel White. William Whittier, .roshua Bayley, Ammi Rhuhamah,
Williiiiii Whit-', Niifhnniel Ponslee, Thomati Colman, John Jaques, Oba-
diali \'i, Mriilinii K.istt-r John Mattis, John Merrill, Thomas Pearley
for .N.iiliiin. I I --«■ II. Iiavid Wood, Nathaniel .\bbott, John Ayer, Na-
tbiui 1.1 iiL-M. l;. iiMiiiiu Carlton, Jonathan Hubbard for Daniel Davis,
Epbraiiii laniiim, .■"tL-pben Emerson, Tiiuotby John.son, Nathaniel Bar-

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

ker's right drawn by Solomon Martin, Nehemiah Heath, Nathaniel
Sanders, Nathaniel Jones, Samuel Grainger, Thomas Blanchard, Nicholas
White, Jonathan Pulsepher, Richard Hazzen, Jr., Samuel Toppan, Moses
Bordman, Bezaliel Toppan, Thomas Learned, Joseph Hall, Nehemiah
Carlton, Benjamin Niccols, Minister's lot, Ministerial lot, School lot, N.

At this meetiug it was also, —

" Agreed and Voted, That a block-house of twenty-five feet in breadth
and forty feet in length be built at Penny Cook, for the security of the
settlers.

" Argeed and Voted, That John Chandler, Moses Hazzen, Nehemiah
Carlton, Nathan Simonds and Ebenezer Stevens be a committee, and they
are hereby empowered to build, either by themselves, or to agree with
workmen to build, a block-house of twenty-five feet in breadth, and
forty feet in length, as in their judgment shall be most for the security
of the settlere.

"Agreed and Voted, That Benjamin Stevens, Esq., be treasurer for the
settlers.

^^ Agreed and Voted, That Timothy Johnson, John Osgood and Moses
Day be chosen, appointed and empowered to examine the charges that
shall arise in building a block-house at the place called Penny Cook, or
any other charges that shall arise in the bringing forward the settlement
and to allow, as in their judgment shall be just and equal, and also to
draw money out of the treasury for the defraying of said charges.

'* Agreed and Voted, That the sum of onehundred pounds be raised and
paid by thesettlprs into the hands of Benjamin Stevens, Esqr., treasurer,
for defraying the charges that are past, or that shall
bringing forward the intended settlement, to be paid
Stevens, Esqr., by the first day of March next, in eqi

" Enoch Coffin dissented.

^'Agreedand Voted, That a committee of five pei-sons on oath, three
whereof to be a quorum, be chosen out of the number of the intended
settleis, to lay out the remaining part of the inter\-al at the place called
Penny Cook, that is not yet laid out, so that the whole of the interval
already laid out, or to be laid out to the settlers, shall be equal in quan-
tity and quality.

"Agreedand Voted, That John Chandler, Henry Rolfe, William White,
Richard Hazzen, Jnnr., and John Osgood be a committee, chosen and
empowered to lay out the interval at the place called Penny Cook, that
is not yet laid out, so that the whole of the interval already laid out or
to be laid out to the settlers shall be equally divided among them as
to quantity and quality.

"^greerf. That Jonathan Hubbard be admitted a settler in place of
Daniel Davis, who was admitted a settler of Penny Cook by the Honora-
ble General Court's Committee, appointed to admit persons to settle
Penny Cook.

*^ Agreedand Voted, That three pence per tail for everj' rattlesnake's
tail, the rattlesnake being killed within the bounds of the township
granted at Penny Cook, be paid by the intended settlers ; the money
to be paid by the settlers' treasurer, upon sight of the tail.

While the proprietors were thus arranging the
affairs of the new plantation, May 20, 1727, the
government of New Hampshire made a grant of
the township of Bow, which covered a large por-
tion of the Penacook grant, and these conflicting
grants led to a lengthy and expensive controversy,
which was carried to the Court of St. James by the
Hon. Timothy Walker, as agent for the Rumford
proprietors, and decided in their favor by the King
in Council, December 27, 1762.

Rev. Timothy Walker.' — More than any other
person. Rev. Timothy Walker is entitled to the ap-
pellation of Father of Concord. He was the son of
Deacon Samuel Walker, of Woburn, Mass., was born
July 27, 170.5, and graduated at Harvard College in
the class of 1725, of which the Rev. Mather Byles

• This sketch of the life of Rev. Timothy Walker was prepared by Mr.
J. B. Walker, though derived largely from the sketch of Mr. Walker by
Rev. Dr. Bouton, in his *' History of Concord."

was the most eccentric and perhaps the most distin-
guished member. After his settlement, in 1730, he
first lived in a log house which stood on the brow of
Horse-shoe Pond.Hill, but in 1733-34 built the two-
storied gambrel-roof house in which he afterwards
resided until his death. The house, with some modern
improvements, overshadowed by the stately elm-trees
which Mr. Walker set out in 1764, is well represented
by the fine engraving in this volume.

Mr. Walker wa.s of full middling stature and size,
not corpulent, but portly in form and of dignified
manners. He had blue eyes and a light complexion.
Naturally, his temper was quick, but well restrained
and governed. If, at any time, he was betrayed into
hasty expressions or acts, he was prompt to acknowl-
edge the fault and ask the forgiveness of any one
injured. He was exact and precise in all his domestic
arrangements and business transactions, keeping a
diary in a little book done up in the form of an al-
manac. Though not talkative, he was agreeable in
social intercourse and occasionally facetious. Accord-
ing to the custom of the times, he wore a large pow-
dered wig and a three-cornered cocked hat, short
clothes and shoes with large buckles. He was held
in high regard by all his parishioners. After service
on the Sabbath, both morning and afternoon, the whole
congregation stood until Mr. Walker went out, he
respectfully bowing to those on each side as he
passed down the broad aisle.

Mr. Walker served the town as a wise counselor in
relation to every matter of public interest, and, in
connection with Benjamin Rolfe, Esq., who married
his eldest daughter, drew up the first petition for help
against the Indians addressed to the governments of
both Massachusetts and New Hampshire, and also
many of the papers in the long controversy with the
proprietors of Bow. As fully related in Dr. Bouton's
" History of Concord," he thrice visited England as
agent of the town in that vexatious litigation, and
through his judicious and persevering eftbrts and his
personal influence with his counsel, Mr. William
Murray (afterwards Chief Justice Mansfield), secured
forever the rights of the proprietors of Rumford (now
Concord).

As a preacher, Mr. Walker was instructive and
practical, dwelling more on the duties than on the
doctrines of religion. He was calm and moderate in
his delivery ; his sermons, of which a few still exist,
were written out in full on sheets of paper, folded in
the 18mo form, and would occupy about thirty
minutes each in their delivery. His style was good,
perspicuous and didactic, with but few illustrations,
but well supported with quotations from Scripture.

In his theological views Mr. Walker was orthodox,
according to existing standards. He received the
Westminster Assembly's Catechism, which was then
also used in the families and schools of the town. In
distinction, however, from the preachers who, in his
day, were called " new lights," he was accused of

CONCOKD.

being an Arminian, but called himself a Moderate
Calvinist. He was highly conservative as regarded
innovations and new measures. Hence, in the period
of the great reformation, under the preaching of
Rev. George Whitefield and others, Mr. Walker was
among those ministers who did not favor the excite-
ment which was generally awakened. In January,
1743, he preached and published a sermon to his
people entitled, " The Way to try all Pretended Apostles,"
from the text Eev. ii. 2. In this sermon he dwelt
at length on the evils produced by itinerant preach-
ers, especially the divisions they caused in established
churches and societies. Hence, he warned his people
not to go after them or hear them preach. " Nothing,"
he says, " I am well satisfied, has so much contributed
to the evils that do so cloud the present day and look
with such a direful aspect upon us as the indulging
an unmortified itch after Novelties, and having the
Persons of Strangers, whom we know nothing of, in
Admiration, and setting them up above the Place of
Instruments. If, therefore, you would not become
accessory to the guilt of those who are endeavoring
the subversion of our religious constitution, keep out
of the way of temptation as much as may be ; ponder
well the first .step that leads to a compliance with
these errors."

At this time all of Mr. Walker's hearers were of one
way of thinking in religious matters, and his object
was to keep them together and make them steadfast
in the " religion and church order which was very
dear to our forefathers." Conscious of the power he
had over his people, he not only charged them not to
go after or to hear these pretended apostles preach,
" but," said he, " if any of you think yourselves un-
able to manage a controversy- with them, invite them
to accompany you to my house, and I will gladly
undertake this, or any other service I am capable of,
for the benefit of your souls."

In 1771, Mr. Walker felt called on to give his
people another warning against innovations and what
he called disturbers of the peace and order of the
churches. A Baptist elder, Hezekiah Smith, had
preached in the vicinity, and awakened much interest
in his peculiar views. To counteract this influence, Mr.
Walker preached a discourse, May 12, 1771, entitled,
" Those who have the form of godliness, but deny
the power thereof, described and cautioned against."
The text was 2 Timothy iii. 5. The sermon was
" published at the desire of many of the hearers." It
is dedicated "to the church and congregation under
the author's pastoral care, having been composed and
delivered solely for your benefit, without the most
distant view of its farther publication, is now respect-
fully inscribed by him who esteems it his highest
honor and greatest happiness to serve your best in-
terest.

"Ti.MOTHY Walker."

During his ministry of fifty-two years there is no
regular record of church proceedings after 173(i ; but

in his memoranda there are entries made of those
who owned the covenant, were admitted to com-
munion, baptized, married and died, together with
notices of private affairs, the weather, journeys,
etc. From the memoranda kept by Mr. Walker,
j it appears that his interest in his people did not cease
I upon their removal from Concord. About 1764-6.5,
considerable numbers of them became first settlers of
; Conway and Fryeburg, in the Pigwacket country, on
I Saco River. These he was in the habit of visiting
[ until they had established religious teachers, preach-
ing to them, giving them pastoral counsel and bap-
tizing their children. Many of them were members
of his church, many of them he had married, many of
them he had known from infancy. His big heart
yearned after them, and he considered them a portion
of his own home-flock until he had seen them securely
I established in the care of another shepherd.

Mr. Walker was largely dependent for the support

of himself and family upon the farm given him by

' the proprietors of the township as an " encouragement

j to his settlement with them in the wilderness of Pena-

j cook. His salary as pastor was at one hundred pounds

per annum, to " rise forty shillings per annum until it

comes to one hundred and twenty pounds, and that to

be the stated sum annually for his salary. Mr. Walker

was twenty-five years old at the time (November 18,

1730) of his settlement, and the prudence and fore-

1 sight of his people is clearly seen in the farther pro-

I vision relative to his salary, that " anything to the

contrary above mentioned notwithstanding, that if

; Mr. Walker, by extreme old age, shall be disenabled

j from carrying on the whole work of the ministry,

that he shall abate so much of his salary as shall be

rational."

Mr. Walker was an ardent patriot as well as a de-
voted Christian minister. Upon the breaking out of
the Revolution it was a great grief to him that
circumstances beyond the control of either compelled
his son-in-law. Major Benjamin Thompson, after-
wards Count Eumford, to join the royal cause, in
October, 1775, and retire within the British lines at
Boston. But it was at the same time an exalted
gratification that his only son, Timothy, afterwards
Judge Timothy Walker, was intensely earnest in his
devotion to xVmerican interests. His family, like
many others of that period, was represented in the
ranks of the patriots and royalists both. But this
fact never abated in the least degree his own patriotic
zeal and activity. And it is a fact, of which all his
descendants feel proud, that in all contests from that
j time to the present in which their country has been a
I party, they have ranged themselves instinctively and
\ deliberately on the side of its friends.
! The news of the battle of Lexington reached Con-
! cord in the evening and spread like wild-fire through-
I out the town. The next morning, before daylight,
I his neighbor, Esq. John Bradley, seeing a bright light

in the pastor's study, went at once tn

the occa-

HISTOKY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

slon of it. As he approached the house, through the
uncurtained windows he saw his venerable pastor
striding back and forth across the room, apparently
absorbed in deepest mental anxiety. As he entered
the room he was immediately accosted with the re-
mark, " There is no other course left us but to fight,
.John. Yes, John, we must fight, we must fight." It
is unnecessary to say that the good parson voiced the
spontaneous sentiment of the province, which did
fight, losing more soldiers in the Revolution than it
had male children born while it lasted.

One Sunday in July, 1777, when in church and in
the midst of his afternoon sermon, his quick eye ob-
served the unexpected entrance of Colonel Gordon
Hutchins, Concord's representative in the General
Court, which had just adjourned at Exeter. Pausing
abruptly in his discourse, he turned to him and said,
"Are you the bearer of tidings, Colonel Hutchins?"
Upon learning that forces were wanted immediately
to check the progress of Burgoyue and his army, he
remarked at once to his congregation, "Those of
you who can go had best retire and get ready to
march to-morrow morning ; " upon which a portion
of the audience went out, while with the remainder
the service went on to its conclusion. The tbllowing
night was a busy one in Concord, and in the early
morning of the next day their aged minister invoked
God's blessing upon a well-equipped band of brave
men, and dismissed them to Bennington and to vic-
tory.

Mr. Walker possessed a quiet humor, accompanied
by a strong common sense, which manifested itself
on not infrequent occasions, some of which have
been remembered. As an instance of these, tradition
says, that, going out to work one day, with John
Evans, his hired man. and with an ox-team and cart,
they had to pass a very wet and muddy place. In
passing it John sat on the cart-tongue while Mr.
Walker sat on the rear end of the cart. When about
midway of the slough, John slily pulled out the pin
which held down the front end of the cart and
dropped it, to make his employer think it worked out
accidentally ; up went the cart and out went the
worthy minister into the mud and water. Getting on
to dry land, he said to his man, " John, this is a
bad accident; but never mind, drive on and I will go
back." A few days after, he went, late one afternoon,
into the field where John was at work. When it be-
came time to go home, he told John that he would
drive the team home. Upon coming to the slough,
he quietly seated himself upon the cart-tongue while
the unsuspecting John took to the seat formerly oc-
cupied by the minister. Upon reaching the spot
where the mud and water was deepest, Mr. Walker
pulled out the before-mentioned pin, up went the
cart and John was suddenly unloaded. When he had
struggled through to hard ground, his master, hold-
ing up the pin, quietly said to him, " John, John,
here is the pin; I didn't throw it away as you did."

Tradition furnishes another instance of the display
of mild humor and sagacity on his part. A worthy
young couple, who were members of his church and
whom he had recently married, happened to be
blessed with an increase of family at an earlier day
after that solemnity than was deemed decorous.
Some worthy church brethren, whose sense of duty
surpassed their charity, immediately reported the
fact to the pastor, in painful anxiety as to what
means should be taken to protect the fair fame of the
church ; at the same time inquiring " what was to be
done about it ?" Tlie pastor, seeing atonce the situation
of affairs, and knowing well the previous good char-
acter of the parties, quietly replied to his zealous
brethren, " This fault of our young friends gives me
great pain ; but, as we all know, it is their first
offense. I think, therefore, we should forgive them
this time. Should it be repeated, I should advise
their summary expulsion from the church." The
tradition is that it never was.

As another specimen of his prudence and good
sense, it is related that the Rev. Elijah Fletcher, of
Hopkinton, once requested an exchange with him on
the Sabbath, and that lie would preach upon the
subject of witchcraft, which at the time was making
trouble with some of Mr. Fletcher's parishioners.
Mr. Walker accordingly prepared a sermon for the
occasion and preached. He told the people, " that
the most they had to fear from witches was from talk
ing about them ; that if they would cease to talk
about them, and let them alone, they would disap-
pear." The hint had the desired effect.

But, underneath all this bonhomie, was a quiet so-
lemnity of purpose,which was never absent, and always
apparent. His dignified deportment and manners
were such as to command universal respect. Ephraim
Colby, Concord's noted fighter and champion of that
time, who worked much for him upon his farm, used
to say that "Parson AValker was the only man the
Almighty ever made that he was afraid of."

During the intervals of peace between the French
and Indian Wars Indians frequently called at his
house and were hospitably entertained. On one oc-
casion a number of the warriors encamped near by, and
were to h.ave a powwow the night succeeding. Mr.
Walker being absent, Mrs. Walker was under great
apprehensions of injury. Upon learning this the
Indians remarked, " Minister's wife afraid," at the
same time delivering into her possession all their
guns, as an assurance of her safety. They called for
them the next day, having kept in fidelity the promise
made to her. From first to last, he seems to have been
highly respected by his wild neighbors of the woods,
and in no instance to have received personal injury
at their hands.

During his long ministry, of more than lialfacentury,
Mr. Walker enjoyed remarkable health. Tradition
says that he was able to preach every Sabbath except
the one previous to his death. This, there is reason

CONCORD.

to believe, is not quite correct, but is doubtless true
in the main. For convenience, in his old age, he
slept in the north, lower front room of his house,
and his hired man, Philip Abbot, was near by, to
assist him when necessary. On Sunday morning,
September 1, 1782, he woke early and asked that his
fire be built, for he was tired of lying and wished to
get up. Shortly after he arose, and having partly
dressed himself, sat down in a chair. Mr. Abbot,
seeing him slide forward in his seat, went immedi-
ately to assist him and ibund him dead. Just as the
morning sun began to mount the heavens his spirit
rose to the presence of Jehovah, whom he had served
long and faithfully. If a long and successful dis-
charge of the duties pertaining to the station in which
one is placed entitles him to the commendation of
his contemporaries and of his posterity, Mr. Walker,
by his protracted service, clearly earned it.

The first settlements were made iu 1727 by Eben-
ezer Eastman and others.

" The spring of 1728" (says Dr. Bouton in his " Histoly of Concord,")
" opened upon the new plantation with most favorable auspices. Eager
to fulfill the conditions of their graut, and to become settled in their
chosen home, a large number of the proprietors were early engaged in
building houses, clearing, fencing and plowing their lands. The block,
or meeting-bouse, was finished ; canoes constructed for navigating the
river ; the new way to Pennycook from Haverhill was improved, and
the First Division of interval ordered to be completely fenced by the last
of May. Messrs. Joseph Hale and John Pecker were chosen a commit-
tee to agree with a minister to preach at Pennycook, — to begin the 15th
of May, — but they were not to 'assure the gentleman more than after
the rate of one hundred pounds per annutn for his service.'

"In answer to a petition presented by John Osgood, in behalf of the
settlers, — praying that an allowance might be made them for the five
hundred acres formerly laid out to the right of Guveror Endicott, — the
General Court, on the 6th of August, this year, authorized them ' to ex-
tend the south bounds of the township one hundred rods, the full
breadth of their town,' and the same was confirmed to them as an
' equivalentfor the.aforesaid five hundred acres.'

" Arrangements were also made for ! niliiim- n -nw-mill within six
months, a grist-mill within one yeiir. I : : '■'■'-' i [. n \ at ili'- most
convenient place. The first ^is(-<'M/ -: tIi, i,,iit;-niill now

owned ty Robinson & Morrill, in tli- 1 ,m \ , ,,i. i Tlir s-„. -„,iH, on

upon a hoi-se from Haverhill. Soon after conunenciug operations the
crank was broken. How to remedy the evil they knew not, as there
was no blacksmith nearer than Haverhill. One of the men, who had
once been iu a blacksmith's shop and seen them work, undertook to
mend it. Collecting together a quantity of pitch-piue knots for a fire,
they fastened the crank with beetle rings and wedges, and then welded
the di^ointed parts. The crank was afterwards used many years. For
the grist-mill fifty pounds were allowed, and fifty acres of land granted
to Nathan Symonds, as near to the miliar was convenient."

The following is a list of the proprietors and early
settlers :

Nathaniel Abbot was about thirty years of age
when he came to Penacook. His house lot was
where the North Congregational Church now stands.
He was the first constable of Penacook (1732-33),—
an efficient, enterjjrising, useful citizen, and member
of the church. At the commencement of the French
War (1744) he entered the service, and joined the
rangers under Major Robert Rogers. He held a
lieutenant's commission in 1755, in Captain Joseph
Eastman's company, in the expedition against Crown
Point, and was a lieutenant in Captain Richard

Rogers' company of rangers, in Fort William Henry,
at the time of the massacre, 1757. In 174G he had
command of a company in defense of the town against
the Indians. He died in 1770, aged seventy-four.

Edward Abbot, cousin of Captain Nathaniel, was
one of the first selectmen of Rumford. In 1746 his
house was a garrison. Edward, his son, was the first
male child born in Penacook (7th of January, 1731),
and Dorcas the first female child.

Jacob Abbot, cousin of Nathaniel and Edward,
died in the French War, 1760.

John Austin, probably a descendant of Thomas
Austin, from Andover, where was Samuel Austin
(1714), who died 1753, aged eighty-three.

Obadiah, Samuel and John Ayers, or Ayer, were
from Haverhill. Obadiah was a graduate of Harvard
College, 1710 ; was employed to "examine the General
Court's records, to see if there be any former grant "
of the township ; was one of the principal inhabitants
of Haverhill. Samuel and John were of the same
family, and were among the most active and enter-
prising settlers.

Thomas Blanchard, the proprietor of Penacook,
died in 1759, aged eighty-five.

William, Nathan and Zebediah Barker came from
Andover.

Captain Joshua Bayley is named in the proprietors'
records as " one of the principal inhabitants of Haver-
hill."

Moses Boardman — unknown.

Nathan Blodgett was probably from Woburn.

Nathaniel Clement was from Haverhill.

John Chandler was a leading and influential man ;
was a powerful, athletic man, of great muscular
strength and cool, indomitable courage.

The Carltons — -Benjamin, Nehemiah and Christo-
pher — were relatives, probably from Andover and
Haverhill.

Richard Coolidge.

John Coggin is believed to have been of Woburn.

Edward Clark was from Haverhill.

Rev. Enoch Cofiin accompanied the honorable
committee of the court and surveyors when they came
to Penacook to lay out the land, in May, 1726, and
preached twice on the Sabbath after their arrival, in
a tent on Sugar Ball Plain. The first settlers of the
name in Concord, after the death of Rev. Enoch, were
William and Peter, sons of John, of Newbury. Peter
afterwards settled in Boscaweu, from whom those of
tliat name there have descended.

Thomas Coleman was of Newbury, probably a
descendant of Thomas Coleman. Coleman forfeited
his lot, by not paying, to Henry Rolfe, Esq.

Nathaniel Cogswell's right was ilrawn and carried
on by Thomas Perley.

Moses Day was from Bradford. One of the same
name was deacon of the church in the west parish of
Bradford 1730 and also 1750. Probably one of them
was the proprietor in Penacook.

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Ephraini, Joseph and Samuel Davis were from
Haverhill. Ephraim was the only one who finally
settled in Concord.
.,-^David Dodge — not known from whence he came.

Captain Ebenezer Eastman was from Haverhill;
one of the most enterprising and useftil of the pro-
prietors. He settled on the east side of the river.
His house was a garrison in 1746.

Jacob Eames was from Andover.

Stephen Emerson was from Haverhill,

John and Abraham Foster were from Andover.

Ephraim Farnum, from Andover, was son of Eph-
raim, son of Ealph Farnum, who married Elizabeth
Holt in 1658. He died in 1775, aged about eighty.

John and Samuel Granger were brothers from
Andover.

Benjamin Gage was from Bradford.

William Gutterson was from Andover.

Nehemiah Heath was from Haverhill.

Ephraim Hildreth was probably from Chelmsford.

Joseph Hale was from Newbury.

Moses and Richard Hazzen, Jr., were from Haver-
hill.

Deacon Joseph Hall, from Bradford. He was
deacon of the church in Concord more than forty
years, a benefactor to the poor and an example of
Christian virtues. During the hostilities of the
Indians his house was a garrison. He died April 8,
1784, aged seventy-seven.

Timothy Johnson, of Haverhill.

John Jaques is believed to have been from Brad-
ford.

Nathaniel Jones— unknown.

Robert, Samuel and David Kimball were from
Bradford. Probably the latter only finally settled in
Concord. He was the father of Captain Reuben
Kimball. He died November 20, 1745.

Nathaniel and Ebenezer Lovejoy were brothers,
and sons of John Lovejoy, of Andover.

Thomas Learned was probably from Woburn.

John Merrill, deacon, is believed to have come
from Haverhill.

John Mattis. His origin is not known.

Andrew Mitchell was from Newbury.

Benjamin Nichols. His origin is not certainly
known.

John and Stephen Osgood were cousins, from
Andover.

Benjamin, James and Nathan Parker were brothers,
from Andover.

Nathaniel Page was from Haverhill, and, probably,
Thomas and Joseph also.

Nathaniel and Robert Peaslee were from Haverhill.

Rev. Samuel Phillips was minister of the South
Parish Church in Andover. His right in Penacook
was carried on by William Peters.

Jonathan Pulsipher's origin is not known.

John Pecker is believed to have come from Haver-
hill. He was a leading and useful man in town.

John Peabody was probably from Salisbury, Mass.

Samuel Reynolds — unknown.

Henry Rolfe, Esq., was from Newbury ; was one of
the commission appointed by Massachusetts in 1737,
on the question of the boundary line between Massa-
chusetts and New Hampshire.

John Sanders, John Sanders, Jr., and Jonathan
Sanders — the two former, father and son, were from
Haverhill ; probably also Nathaniel Sanders. John
Sanders was one of " the Committee of the Great and
General Court " for the settlement of Penacook.

Benjamin and Ebenezer Stevens were brothers,
from Andover.

James and Nathan Simonds were probably from
Woburn.

Zerobbabel Snow. From whence he came is un-
known.

Jonathan Shipley. Whence from not known.

Bezaleel and Samuel Toppan were from Newbury.
Rev. Bezaleel Toppan was born March 7, 1705.
Bezaleel preached a while at Penacook.

Richard Urann, it is believed, was from Newbury.

Ebenezer Virgin, probably from Salisbury.

John Wright.

Nicholas and William White were from Haver-
hill.

Ruhamah Wise.

Isaac Walker was from Woburn — a relative of Rev.
Timothy Walker, from the same place. Isaac
Walker was father of Isaac, Jr., grandfather of Abiel,
lately deceased, who lived on the spot where his
grandfather built his log house. Isaac Walker, Jr.,
died on the same day that Rev. Timothy Walker
died. In 1746 the house of Timothy Walker, Jr.,
was a garrison. He was a son of Isaac Walker, Sr.

David Wood. This is a Newbury name.

William Whittier was from Haverhill,

Thomas Wicomb.

Edward Winn, from Woburn.

Abraham Bradley was not an original proprietor,
but came to Penacook as early as 1729.

Stephen Farrington, not an original proprietor, but
an early settler, from Andover.

Jacob Shute came to Penacook with Captain Eben-
ezer Eastman.

Jeremiah Stickney came from Bradford about 1731
— not an original proprietor, but became a valuable
citizen,

Rumford Incorporated. — The town was incor-
porated by Massachusetts February 27, 1733, under
the name of Rumford, and was a " new town within
the county of Essex, at a plantation called Penny
Cook." This civil organization continued until June
7, 1765, when it was incorporated as a parish with
town privileges, by the name of Concord, probably
with a hope that thereafter the inhabitants might
live in peace and concord with their neighbors in Bow.

The following is the petition for the incorporation
of the town :

CONCORD.

" That by the Year 1760 they v,
tied State that they vould have t
lucorporatiou of Bow, if they

'• To His Excelleucy Benning Wentworth Esq'' Capt" General Governor
and Commander in Chief in and over His Majesty's Province of New
Hampshire, The Honble His Majesty's Council and House of Repre-
sentatives in General Assembly Convened.

■■ rin liiiniM. 1'. riiiMii of Timothy Walker on behalf of himself and
til J: : i: [iilord (so Called) in said Province Sheweth, That

til-. A ■ i 11 . I liihiibitantfi (so far as relates to Town matters),
hui. i.c^uiu^rcu ».uafusion Ever since the Tear 1749, for want of the
Power which they had 'till then Enjoyed ever since the year 1741 by the
District Act (so called) which this Honble Court say in July 1740 when it
waa received had been found ' Convenient both for the Government of
this Province in General, and also the Inhabitants incorporated thereby
in parEiculat.'

" That altho' it has bei'n pretended that they might still have Enjoyed
the saiiu- ]jrivik-<]gL's [us Inhaldiunts uf Buw) vet they never understood

Will I !, , ,1,-. ;, [Niuiitted. — But to pass oTer

all tin- -Tin- l^.^^, I ..i i !,.■ l.\.[ ■ !..■ ■ ■! ii li;is b^-en lost to them (if Ever
they had it) Ever siiicv March 17:.G, for want of a first Meeting—

e so heartily tired of such an unset-
n glad to have acted Even under the
uld (altho' highly inconvenient for
them as it blended part of three Towns together whose Interests had al-
ways been separate, and would Consequently be apt to create Strife and
Conteution).

" That this Court was apprized of their utter Incapacity of doing any
Corporate Act (Even as Bow) by a Letter signed 'Jeremiah Stickney,on
hehalf of himself and others,' now on File, together with their dutiful &
ready disposition to Comply with every motion of this Court to the ut-
most of their Powers.

" That the said Inhabitants conceive themselves greatly aggrieved by a
late Act of this Government, imposing a heavy Tax on the Inhabitants
of Bow as Arreare &c — a Tax which Nobody has Power to assess and
roUect at y« Time when y« s'' arreai-s became due and which if now done,
must be laid in many Instances un wrong Pei-sons.

•' That what they suffered for want of the Powei-s they had Eryoyedby
the first mentioned District Act, was unspeakably more to their Damage,
than to have paid their Proportion of the Province Expence.

" That the Incapacity complained of all along, still continues and yet
the people are subjected to pay their part of the Current Charge but no-
J>ody has power to assess or Collect it.

■' They therefore most humbly Pray That your Excellency and Hon-
oui-3 will take the Matters complained of under Consideration, and either
re\ive the said District Act so far as relates to Rumford, or (which wo'^ be
much more satisfactory to the said Inhabitants) Incorporate them by
u standing Act, and by their former known Boundaries That the siud In-
habitants may Be abated at least one half part of said Arrearages, And
that with respect to their part of the Current Charge of the Province,
they may be subjected to pay no more than their just proportion with
the other Towns in this Province, or grant them such other Relief as in
y'>ur great Wisdom and Goodness you shall see meet.

'• And your Petitioners as in Duty bound shall Ever Pray &c

"Timothy Walker"

The first parish meeting was held January 21, 1766,
when the following officers were chosen : Moderator,
Lieutenant Richard Hasseltine; Clerk, Peter Coffin ;
Selectmen, Joseph Farnum, Lot Colby, John Chand-
ler, Jr.; Constable, Benjamin Emery; Tithingmen,
Lieutenant Kichard Hasseltine, Amos Abbot ; Sur-
veyors of Highways, Jon athan Cha se. Robert Davis
and Nathaniel Eastman ; Sealer of Leather, Deacon
George Abbot; Sealer of Weights and Measures,
Lieutenant Nathaniel Abbot.

Indian Troubles.— The little settlement rapidly
increased in pojmlation and importance, and no dan-
ger from Indian incursions was apprehended by the
enterprising pioneers until 1739. In that year, how-
ever, the town voted " that a garrison shoukl be built
round the house of Rev. Mr. Walker, and that five

pounds should be granted to Barachias Farnum, l(>
enable him to build a f anker, in order to defend his
mills on Turkey River.''

The following account of the Indian troubles is from
Dr. Bouton's " Historj- of Concord/' and is a faithful
narrative of this trying period :

i the wife of Mr. Jona-

■ li road, opposite the house
y of Indians and carried t*..

■ her husband, and restored

" About the year 1742, a- . [ ■ i 1 1 1 _
than Eastman— who re^iiiiii i ,
of Mr. Aaron Shute— w;i- ! :
Canada. She was, however, .- un ii
to her family.

"The opening of the French war, in 1744, greatly increased the alarm
and anxiety which pervaded the colonies ; and, particularly, the frontier
towns which wt-r- mn^t r\p, »,.,!. \.< nit. inransuf removing or allaying
these fears, thr . \i- iin. n i-iin-t I ■ .ii-i nr -, un Cape Breton— which
was the stron^li^M -i i1m 1 i^ ih h - .,- | r i. ■ led, and triumphantly ex-
ecuted by tlie ilui (1^ ■ 'It. i[pn>' I'f tli-- Ni v, lliigland colonies. In tliis
exp.iliti .It I ,,j 1 I . ,.•, i:;i--tiiKtn wascumnmnder of a company raised
in tlx • : - . iiL,^aged in the assault made on that stronghold

the t. ; '._ I", fuie he set out he signed a petition, with sixty-

twu nrii> [~. I.. liL I., ii.jal Assembly of New Hampshire, for assistance
against the French and Indians. This petition was drawn up by Kev.
Mr. Walker.

'* In the company which Capt. Eastman commanded were Nathaniel
Abbot, Isaac Abbot, Obadiah Peters, one Chandler, and probably others
whose names are not known. The late aged Joseph Abbott said he ' al-
ways understood that his uncle Isajic was killed at Cape Breton, and that
one Mr, Chandler from this town also died there.' Capt. Eastman
went to Cape Breton twice. He first set out from Rumford, March 1,
I7-U— 45, and returned November 10th, the san\e year. The next year
he went again, and returned home July 9, 174C.

"The reduction of the fortress atLouieburKonly changed the scene of
war. The Indians, the more instigated by the French, poured forth
from Canada upon the frontier towns, and, with horrible barbarity, car-
ried on the work of destruction. The inhabitants of Rumford felt the
general shock, and sought for means of defense and safety. At each
parish meeting, from 17-14 to 1747, they chose some person to represent
to the government, either of New Hampshire or Massachusetts, or both,
' the deplorable circumstances they were in, on account of their being
exposed to imminent danger, both from the French and Indian enemy."
The language which they instruct their agents to use is — ' We request
of them such aid, both with respect to men and military stores, as to
their great wisdom may seem meet, and which may be sufficient to en-
able us, with the Divine blessing, vigorously to rei>el all attempts of our

"In ans^ser to those petitions, early in 174.". two email companies of
scouts were niised by authority of Ciov. Wenlworth, under the direction
of Col. Benjamin Rolfe, of which Capt. John Chandler, of Rumford,
had command ot one,coDsisting of ten men, and Capt. Jeremiah Clough,
of Canterbury, of the other, consisting of five men. The Massachusetts
; a small detachment of men from Andover, and an-
who were sUitioued here in 1745. In 1740 precau-
tionary measures were taken by the proprietors for the preservation of
their records. Under authority uf Guv. W»-ntworth, garrisons were es-
tablished at different pointed in tin i.iun, .iii^l Jiiun, with thoir families,
assigned to them, as waa ni..>r r,,ii\ , i,i. m

" The garrisons, or fort,^, \s. i. i.mli .i In ued logis which lay fiat up-
on each other ; the ends, Ixin;^ littid inr t}i< purpose, were inserted in
grooves cut in large posts erected at each corner. They enclosed an area
of sevenil square rods ; were raised to the height of the roof of a codi-
mou dwelling-house, and at two or more of the comere were placed
boxes where sentinels kept watch. In some cases several small buildings
— erected for the temporary accommodation of families — were within
the enclosure. Houses not connected with Karrisons were all deserted
by their owners, and the furniture removed. In the day-time men went
forth to their labor in companies, always carrying their guns with them,
and one or more of the number placed on guard. If the enemy were
discovered approaching, alarm guns were fired, and the report answered
from fort to fort. On the Sabbath the men all went armed to the house
of worship, stacked their guns around a post near the middle, and sat
down, with powder-horn and bullet-pouch slung across their shoulders,
while their revered pastor— who is said to have bad the best gun in the
parish- -prayed and preached with his good gun standing in the pulpit."

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

The following document presents an exact view of
the state of the settlement in the summer of 1746 :

"GARRISONS IN lHU. PROVINCE OF NEW HAMPe.

" We, the subBciibei's, being appointed a Committee of Militia for
settling the Gan-isons in the frontier Towns and Plantations in the sixth
Regiment of Militia in this Province, by his Excellency, Benning Went-
worth, Esq., Governor, &c.. Loving viewed the situation and enquired
into the circumstances of the District of Kumford, do hereby appoint
and state the following Garrisons, viz. :

"The Garrison round the house of the Reverend Timothy Walker to
be one of the Garrisons in s^i Rumford, and that the following inhabi-
tants, with their familys, viz. : Capt. John Chandler, Abraham Bradley,
Samuel Bradley, .luhn W'ebster, Nathaniel Rolfe, Joseph Pudney, Isaac
Walker, jun., Obadiah Foster, be, and hereby arc, ordered and stated at
'hat Garrison.

"Also, the Garrison round the House of Capt. Ebenezer Eastman, on
the east side of the river, to be one Gan-ison, and that the following in-
habitants, with their familys, viz. : Ebenezer Virgin, Eben' Eastman,
jun., Philip Eastman, Jeremiah Eastman, Timothy Bradley, Jeremiah
Dresser, Philip Kimball, Nathan Stevens, Judah Trumble, Joseph East-
man, jr., Nathaniel Smith, Daniel Annis, William Curey, be, and hereby
are, ordered and stated at said Garrison.

"Also, that the Garrison round the house of Mr. Henry Lovcjoy, in
West Concord, be one Garrison, and that the following inhabitants,
with their familys, viz. : Henry Lovejoy, James Abbot, James Abbot,
jun., Reuben Abbot, Amos Abbot, Ephraim Farnum, Zebediah Far-
num Joseph Farnum, Abiel Chandler, James Peters, be, and hereby
are, stated at siiid Garrison.

" Also, the Garrison round the hotise of Mr. Jonathan Eastman, at
MillvUle (on lands owned by St. Paul's School), be one Garrison, and that
the following inhabitants, with their familys, viz. ; Jonathan Eastman,
Amos Eastman, Jere miah Br adley, Seaborn Peters, Abner Hoit, Jacob
Hoit, Timothy Burban£, Isaac Citizen, be, and hereby are, ordered and
stated at said Garrison.

" Also that the Garrison round the house of Lieut. Jeremiah Stickney
(on premises now owned by J. H. Stickney), be one Garrison, and that
the following inhabitants, with their familys, viz. : Jeremiah Stickney,
Nathaniel Abbot, Ephraim Carter, Ezra Carter, Joseph Eastman, Samuel
Eastman, Joseph Eastman (3d), William Stickney, Thomas Stickney, Na-
thaniel Abbot, jun., Joseph Carter, Edward Abbot, Aaron Stevens,
George Hull, Edward West, Sampson Colby, James Osgood, Timothy
C leme ns. Jacob Pillsbury, Stephen Hoit, be, and hereby are, ordered and
staled at that Garrison.

"Also, that the Garrison round Joseph Hall's house, at South End,
be one Garrison, and that the following inhabitants, with their familys,
ylz. : Col. Benjamin Rolfe, Joseph Hall, Ebenezer Hall, David Foster,
Isaac Waldron, Patrick Garvin, Joseph Pudney, WiUiam Pudney, Henry
Pudney, John Merrill, Thomas Merrill, John Merrill, jui
Merrill, Lot Colby, Jacob Potter, be, and hereby
at that Garrison.

"Also, that the Garrison round Timothy Walker, jun.'s, house, be
one Garrison, and that the following pereons, with their familys, viz. :
Timothy Walker, jun., David Evans, Samuel Pudney, John Pudney, jun.,
Matthew Stanly, Isaac Walker, Abraham Colby, Jacob Shute, Daniel
Ch ase. Daniel Chase, jun., Abraham Kimball, Richard Hazelton, George
A'SSot, Nathaniel Rix, Benjamin Abbot. Stephen Farriugton, Nathaniel
West, William Walker, Aaron Kimball, Samuel Gr.ay, James Rodgcrs,
Samuel Bodgei-s, be, and hereby are, stated at that Garrison.

"And, inasmuch as the inhabitants who reside in the Garrison round
the house of Mr. George Abbot, the Garrison round the house of Mr.
Edward Abbot, and the Garrison round the house of Mr. James Osgood,
have, as yet, made no provision for house-room and conveniences in the
respective Garrisons where they are placed, for themselves and familys,
and the season of the year so much demanding their labor for their neces-
sary support that rendei-s it difficult to move immediately— Therefore
that they, for the present, and until January next, or until further or-
der, have leave, and be continued in the several Garrisons in which they
now are, and so long as there stated to attend the neccessary duty of
watching, warding, &c., equally, as if the same had been determined
standing Garrisons.

"Joseph Blancuakd, |
"Benjamin Rolfe, l Come, &<:.

"ZaCHEUS LOVEWELL, J

"Rumford, May 15th, 1746."

Such was the state of the settlement in the summer

, ordered and stated

of 1746. Indians were now in the vicinity, and an
attack was daily feared. At the earnest solicitation
of the inhabitants, a company of soldiers, under com-
mand of Captain Daniel Ladd and Lieutenant Jona-
than Bradley, had been sent by the Governor, from
Exeter, for the defense of Eumford and the adjacent
towns. This company had been ranging in the
woods and scouting in the vicinity about three weeks
previous, and a part of them were in Rumford on the
Sabbath, August 10th. On that day it appears that
the Indians had meditated an attack upon the inhab-
itants while engaged in worship, and the night pre-
vious had secreted themselves in the bushes adjacent
to the meeting-house, to await the favorable moment.
One party of them was concealed in a thicket of
alders back of the house where Dr. Samuel Morril
now lives; another was hid in the bushes, northwest,
between the meeting-house and where Ebenezer S.
Towle, Esq., now lives. Some few of the Indians,
it is said, were seen in the time of worship by a
little girl,— Abigail Carter, sister of the first Dr.
Ezra Carter, — but she did not make known the dis-
covery until the meeting closed, when the people
marched out in a body with their guns. The pres-
ence of Captain Ladd's company, it is believed, pre-
vented the Indians from making the designed attack.
Thus thwarted in their bloody purpose, they retired
and lay in ambush till next morning, in a deep
thicket, about a mile and a half southwest of the
main village, in the valley, a few rods beyond where
the Bradley monument now stands.

The Massacre, August 11, 1746.— For the par-
ticulars of the tragic scene which now follows we
are indebted to the journal of Abner Clough, clerk
of Captain Ladd's company, which is published in
full in the fourth volume of the " Collections of the
New Hampshire Historical Society," and to the story
related by the aged Reuben Abbot, five years before
his death, which was taken down in writing by Hon.
Samuel A. Bradley and Richard Bradley, Esq., grand-
sons of Samuel Bradley, who was one of the killed.
The manuscript is now in the hands of Richard
Bradley. It was taken August 29, 1817, when Mr.
Abbot was in the ninety-fifth year of his age.

FROM ABNER CLOUGH'S JOURNAL.
"Capt. Ladd came up to Rumford town, and that was on the tenth
day [of August], and, on the eleventh day, Lieut. Jonathan Bradley took
six of Capt. Ladd's men, and was in company with one Obadiah Peters,
that belonged to Capt. Melvin's company of the Massachusetts, and was
going about two miles and a half from Rumford town to a garrison ; and
when they had gone about a mile and a half, they were shot upon by
thirty or forty Indians, if not more, as it was supposed, and killed down
dead Lieut. Jonathan Bradley and Samuel Bradley, John Luf kin and
John Bean [and] this Obadiah Peters. These five men were killed down
dead on the spot, and the most of them were stripped. Two were strip-
ped stark naked, and were very much cut, and stabbed, and disfigured ;
and Sergeant Alexander Roberts and William Stickney were taken cap-
tive. . . . It was supposed there was an Indian killed where they
had the tight ; for this Daniel Gilman, who made his escape, saith that
he was about sixty rods before these men i when they were shot upon,

I ahead to shoot a hawk, and th e

CON COED.

and, he says, the Indians shot three guns first. He saj-s be thought our
men shot at a lieer ; he says that he run back about forty rods upon a
hill, so that he could see over upon the other hill, where the Indians lie,
and shot upon the men ; and, he says, as ever he came upon the hill
so as to see over upon the other hill, he heard Lieut. Jonathan
Bradley speak and say, 'Lord, have . 7>iercjj on me .—Fight f In a
moment his gun went off, and three more guns of our men's were shot,
and then the Indians rose up and shot a volley, and run out into the
path, and making all sort of howling and yelling, and he did not stay
long to see it, he saith. It was supposed tliatJuhn Lufkin was upon the
front, and Obadiah Petere on the rear: and they shot down this Lufkin
and Peters the first shot, as they were in the path, about twelve or four-
teen rods apart ; and they shot Samuel Bradley, as he was about twelve
feet before where this Obadiah Petere lay, and wounded [him] so that the
blood started every step ht- took. He went about five rods right in the
path, and they shot him right through his powder horn, as it hung by
hie side, and so through his body — and there lay these three men, lying
in the path— and Lieut. Bradley run out of the path, about two rods,
right in amongst the Indians. He wag shot through his wrist. It was
supposed he killed the Indian ; it was supposed that he fought (as he
stood there in the spot where he was killed) till the Indians cut his
head almost all to pieces ; and John Bean run about six rods out of the
path, on the other side of the way, and then was shot right through his
body ;— so that there were none of these men that went one or two steps
after they were shot, excepting this Samuel Bradley that was shot as
above said. And there seemed to be as much blood where the Indian
was shot as there was where any one of the men were killed. It was
supposed the men laid there about two hours after they were killed, be-
fore any body came there. We did not go till there came a post down
from the fort, three quarters of a mile beyond where the men lie and
were killed. The reason we did not go sooner, was because we did not
hear the guns. I suppose the reason that we did not hear the guns, was
because the wind wa'nt fair to hear. We went up to the men, and ranged
the woods awhile, after these captives, and then brought the dead down
to town in a cart, and buried the dead men this day. These men, when
they went away in the morning, said they intended to be at home
about twelve o'clock, in order to go to Canterbury in the afternoon, or>
at least, to get fit to go. It was supposed that these men, some of them,
rid double on horses when they were killed. On the twelfth day, early
in the morning, went up and took the blood of the Indian, and followed
along by the drag and blood of the Indian about a mile, very plain, till
we came within about fifteen rods of a small river, and then we could
see no more sign of the Indian ; but we tracked the Indians along the
river, about twenty or thirty rods, and there were falls where they went
over. . . . It was supposed there could not be less than fifty or sixty
Indians."

The initials of those massacred were inscribed on a
large tree standing near the spot, which remained a
number of years. August 22, 1836, a monument was
erected on the site of the massacre, bearing the fol-
lowing inscription :

This Monument is

iu memory of

Samuel Bradley,

Jonathan Bradlky,

Obadiah Peters,

John Bean and v^

John Lufkin,
Who were massacred Aug. 11, 1746,

I India

Erected, 18;J7, by Richard Bradley, s.
of the Hon. John Bradley, and
grandson of Samuel Bradley."

CHAPTER II.

CONCORD— (CoiKinuerf).
ECCLESIASTK^AL HISTORY.
First Congrej^tional Church — South Congregational Church — Congrega-
tional Church, East Concord — Congregational Church, West Concord
—Congregational Church, Penacook— Unitarian Church-St. Paul's
Church— Universaliet Church— First Methodist Episcopal Church-
Baker Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church— Methodist Church, Pen-
acook— First Baptist Church— Pleasant Street Baptist Church— Free-
will Baptist Church- Baptist Church, Penacook- St. John the Eviiu-
gelist Roman Catholic Church— Catholic Church, Penacook.

First Congregational Church.' — The history of
the First Congregational Church in Concord runs
parallel with that of the town. At a meeting in
Andover, Mass., February 8, 1726, the proprietors of
the town voted to build a block-house, which should
serve the double purpose of a fort and a meeting-
house. The first public assembly in the township
was one for public worship, held May 15, 1726, and
composed of a committee of the General Court, sur-
veyors and some of the proprietors who had arrived
two days before. Rev. Enoch Coffin led the service
in their camp. Early in 1727 the first family moved
into town and Rev. Bezaleel Toppan was employed to
preach one year.

Rev. Messrs. Toppan and Cofiin, both proprietors
of the town, were employed to preach till October 14,
1730, when it was resolved to establish a permanent
ministry. Rev. Timothy Walker was at once called
to be the minister of the town. A council met No-
vember 18, 1730, in a small log building "in this
remote part of the wilderness," and organized a
church of nine members, and Rev. Timothy Walker
was installed its pastor.

The church was orthodox and stable in its faith,
and during the ministry of Mr. Walker — fifty-two
years — it was united aud prosperous. Strong in the
confidence and afiection of the people, the pastor
actively opposed anything that threatened division
in the church or the town. It is not possible to state
accurately the growth of the church during this
period, as the records are incomplete. No continuous
record is found after 1736, and the names of those
who owned the covenant are gathered, only in part,
from entries made in his diary. The names of only
one hundred and twenty-seven who united with the
church are known, though many more must have
been received, for at the pastor's death one hundred
and twenty members were living.

Rev. Timothy Walker was a native of Woburn,
Mass., and was graduated at Harvard College in the
class of 1725. His salary at settlement was one
hundred pounds, to increase forty shillings per annum
till it reached one hundred and twenty pounds; also
the use of parsonage. He died suddenly, Sunday
morning, September 1, 1782, aged seventy-seven
years.

> By Rev. F. P. A.vir.

HISTORY OF MEERIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

The deep impress of this early ministry has never
been eflaced, and the influence of Mr. Walker, to a
large degree, decided the moral tone and habits of
the town. For more than half a century his clear
convictions and bold utterances directed the thought
of the early settlers. He served the town as well as
the church. His wise counsel and judicious action
in relation to every matter of public interest were of
great benefit to the people and made him their
leader. Three times he visited England as agent for
the town to confirm its endangered rights, and was
enabled to make secure forever the claims and privi-
leges of the settlers.

Nearly seven years now passed without a stated
ministry. Eev. Israel Evans was called by both the
church and the town to settle as minister September
1, 1788, and was installed pastor July 1, 1789. His
ministry continued eight years. No records of the
church for this period can be found. There were one
hundred and twenty-four members of the church at
the close of this ministry.

Mr. Evans was a native of Pennsylvania, and was
graduated at Princeton College, 1772. He was or-
dained chaplain in the United States army at Phila-
delphia in 177<;. He resigned his pastorate July 1,
1797, but resided in town till his death, at the age of
sixty years, March 9, 1807.

The church, without delay, chose to the pastorate
Rev. Asa McFarland, and the town concurring in the
choice, he was installed March 7, 1798.

The growth of the church was, from this time,
rapid and steady. Seasons of deep religious interest
blessed it, and four hundred and twenty-nine were
added to the membership. His ministry continued
twenty-seven years and closed March 23, 1825.

Eev. Asa McFarland, D.D., was born in Worcester,
Mass., April 19, 1769. He was graduated at Dart-
mouth College in 1793. He died, by paralysis, Sun-
day morning, February 18, 1827, in the fifty-eighth
year of his age. He possessed a vigorous mind, was
sound in judgment and diligent in action. His perso-
nal character and position secured to him a wide influ-
ence in the State, and eighteen discourses, delivered
by him on public occasions, were published.

The council which dismissed Dr. McFarland,
March 23, 1825, installed as his successor Eev.
Nathaniel Boutou. Bible classes and Sunday-schools
were organized in different parts of the town, and the
assembly of the people in the single place of worship
was large and united in spirit.

In connection with the meeting of the General
Association of New Hampshire in 1831, a deep work
of grace began. Soon the whole people felt its power
and more than a hundred were added to the church.
In the following years "protracted meetings" were
frequently held and always useful. Large accessions
were received in 1834, 1836, 1842 and 1843. During
the forty-two yeare of Dr. Bouton's ministry seven
hundred and seventy-two were added to the church.

For years the church grew with the town, but in
1833 it was called to a new experience. The very
prosperity and growth of the town, the religious
habits of the people, the great spiritual harvests that
had been gathered made necessary the provision of
new and other accommodations for worship.

The residents of the West Parish, living on au
average nearly five miles from the meeting-house,
decided that they ought to seek greater conveniences
for worship and build a house unto the Lord. A
house was built and eighty-eight members of this
church were dismissed and organized into the West
Parish Church, April 22, 1833.

The old house was soon full again and the church
membership five hundred and thirty-nine. The vil-
lage growing towards the south, the brethren thus
located erected a church edifice and sixty-seven
members were dismissed. Bearing with them letters
and the love and prayer of the mother-church, these
were organized into the South Church February 1,
1837.

March 30, 1842, forty-four members having been
dismissed, were organized into the East Church.

All these were dismissed and the churches organ-
ized, prompted by love to Christ and His cause, and
the mother-church gave many of her devoted and
useful members with regret at the parting, but every
one with her blessing. True were the words of the
pastor, that "the church history of New England
does not furnish a parallel to this experience of three
churches going out from a single church within ten
years without so much as a ripple of discord."

Besides these losses, a large number was dismissed
to the churches of other denominations which were
organized here, and thus began to be realized the
change that had come over the community, as from
one great congregation, gathered weekly at the same
place from all parts of the towu, there were now
different congregations, and the people were no longer
one assembly in the delightful service of worship.
All this had aft'ected the strength and relations of the
church, but in harmony and under the favor of God
it went on prospering and continued to be a positive
and aggressive power for good.

Eev. Dr. Bouton resigned his pastorate at his forty-
second anniversary, March 23, 1867. He did this
under the conviction that the changes in the people
and in all about the church might be met best by a
change in its ministry, and that he might accept
another office. His love to the people, iis their love
to him, was unabated. Few men have been permitted
to fill a pastorate so happy and useful as was this;
few have transmitted one to a successor under such a
wealth of aflection as, from this whole city, had been
won by the years of faithful Christian labor.

Eev. Nathaniel Bouton, a native of Norwalk,
Conn., was graduated at Yale College in 1821. Not
only was he a fiiithful minister, but a citizen of
valued influence, who bore for more than a genera-

tion an active ]5art in all that advanced the weal of
the people, both at home and abroad.

He was a friend of learning and its institutions, and
performed an amount of intellectual work that alone
would have marked his long life as busy. Thirty-four
of his sermons and addresses were published, and
many articles written for periodicals. In 1856 he
published the " History of Concord." Five other vol-
umes are from his pen. He was appointed to the
office of State historian in 1866. To the duties of
this office he devoted himself with fidelity and zeal
for eleven years, and compiled ten volumes of the
Provincial and State Papers.

In the ecclesiastical bodies of the State and the
benevolent organizations of the land he bore an
active part. Industry, fidelity, system were his.
With the completion of his historical work his labor
seemed done. He attended church service on the
fifty-third anniversary of his settlement, but was una-
ble to preach, as had been his annual custom. He died
June 6, 1878, aged seventy-nine years.

Soon after the resignation of Dr. Bouton a call to
this pastorate was extended to Rev. Franklin D.
Aver, a native of St. Johnsbury, Vt., a graduate of
Dartmouth College, 1856, and of Andover Theological
Seminary, 1859. He was installed pastor by the
council that dismissed Rev. N. Bouton, D.D., Sep-
tember 12, 1867.

The church, so long used to the ways of the vener-
able pastor, welcomed the new one, and have labored
unitedly with him. The church has been blessed
with seasons of revival, and during the present jjas-
torate two hundred have been added to the church,
making the total number uniting to the present time,
one thousand six hundred and fifty-three.

The one hundred and fiftieth anniversary was
observed November 18, 1880. Historical Discourse,
by Rev. F. D. Aver ; History and Description of our
Four Meeting-Houses, by Hon. Joseph B. Walker ;
History of the Sunday-School, by John C. Thorn ;
History of Music, by William G. Carter, M.D.

This church has taken a positive and decided part
in all the great moral reforms of the past years. It
has lived in peace at home, in hearty fellowship and
co-operation with churches of other denominations,
and has exerted, both in this community and the
State, a controlling influence. From its location, its
pastors and its efficient membership have had much
to do with the ecclesiastical gatherings and the benev-
olent societies of the State and the land. It has
l)orne its full share in the great benevolent enter-
prises of the day, and its contributions have been
constant and generous.

It has given to benevolent objects during the past
fifty years $48,000, for the support of worship not less
than $85,000, and more than $80,000 for houses of
worship and pareonage.

The Sunday-school was organized in 1818, and has
always been well attended.

The houses of worship demand a separate notice.
The first meeting-house was built of logs in 1727, and
was occupied twenty-seven years. The second was that
so long known as the "Old North." The main body
of the house was built in 1751. In 1783 it was com-
pleted with porches and spire, and in 1802 enlarged
so as to furnish sittings for twelve hundred people,
and a bell was placed in the tower. Central in its
location, it was for a long time the only place for
public worship in town, and was used by this church
for ninety years. It served the State also. In this
house the Convention of 1778 met " to form a perma-
nent plan of government for the State." The first
time the Legislature met in Concord, March 13, 1782,
it assembled in this house, and not less than fifteen
sessions of the General Court was held here. Here,
with religious services, in 1784, the new State Consti-
tution was first introduced ; and here, too, in June,
1788, the Federal Constitution was adopted, by which
New Hampshire became one of the States of the
Union. This being the ninth State to adopt the Con-
stitution, that vote made it binding upon the United
States. Many of the political gatherings, historic in
the State, were held in this house. After another
church was built, 1842, this was used by the Method-
ist Biblical Institute till 1866. When it was de-
stroyed by fire, on the night of November 28, 1870,
there passed from sight the church building which
had associated with it more of marked and precious
history than with any other in the State.

As the church was about leaving the " Old North "
as a house of worship, it was voted to invite all the
churches formed from this to unite in a special
religious service. These farewell services were held
Thursday and Friday, October 27 and 28, 1842. On
Friday afternoon, after a sermon by the pastor, about
five hundred and fifty communicants of the four
churches sat down at the table of the Lord. " It was
a season of tender and affectionate interest. Many
wept at the thought of separation from the place
where they and their fathers had worshiped."
1 So happy was the effect of this meeting that the
next year one of like character was held in the New
North Church on November 18th. Since that time an
annual meeting of the Congregational Churches in
Concord has been held, and the meetings have been
2)recious seasons of Christian union and fellowship.

The third house of worship, situated on the corner
of Main and Washington Streets, was dedicated No-
vember 23, 1842. It was enlarged in 1848, and de-
stroyed by fire June 29, 1873. A chapel was erected
in 1858, and enlarged in 1868.

The fourth and present house of worship was erected
on the site of the third, and dedicated March 1, 1876.
It was paid for as built, and is a beautiful and com-
modious church building. The total cost of it wa.s
$50,883.36. A new chapel, connecting with the
church, was completed and opened with appropriate
services Januarj' 20, 1884.

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

In grateful memory of the relation of his parents
and family to this church, William Abbott, Esq., gave
two thousaud five hundred dollars towards the erec-
tion of this building, which is called "Abbott Me-
morial Chapel," and the people promptly added to
this sum five thousand dollars more, which com-
pleted it.

The present ofiicers of the church are : Pastor, Rev.
Franklin D. Ayer, installed September 12, 1867;
Deacons, John Ballard, Edward A. Moulton, Andrew
S. Smith, Robert G. Morrison.

The things to be noted in this history of more than
one hundred and fifty years are : 1. That there have
been but five pastors, and that all but the surviving
one have died and been buried among this people.
The church has not been without a pastor for an hour
since 1798. 2. The church has lived in peace and
grown. It has never had a serious misunderstanding
or called for the advice of council on account of diffi-
culty. It has called but one council for sixty years.
3. It has paid its bills as it went on, and kept free
from debt. 4. " The Lord hath been mindful of us."

South Congregational Church. — The first meeting
of individuals for the purpose of forming a religious
society was held at the house of Mr. Asaph Evans,
May 9, 1835. Samuel Fletcher was chairman and
Amos Wood secretary. At this meeting a committee
was appointed, who purchased a lot of land at the
corner of Main and PleasantStreets, for twelve hundred
dollars, as the site for a meeting-house. At an ad-
jovrned meeting it was voted to form a religious body,
to be known as the "South Congregational Society."
Also a constitution and by-laws had been prepared,
and a committee of seven had been procured, who
were to build the church edifice. On the 1st day of
August, 1835, the constitution and by-laws were
adopted, and thirty names were signed thereto as
members of the new society.

In the summer of 1836 a new church building was
erected on the lot purchased for that purpose by the
committee of seven. It was of wood, seventy-seven
by sixty-four feet, with two stores and a vestry on
the first floor, with the church edifice on the second
floor, and cost, with the land, about ten thousand
dollars. The house was dedicated on the 1st day of
February, 1837, in the afternoon. The pews were
sold in the afternoon. In the evening of the 1st day
of February, 1837, the South Congregational Church
was organized with sixty-seven members, all from the
First Congregational Church in Concord, as follows :

Thomas Ohadbourne, Clarissa [Green] Chadbourne (Thomas), John B.
Chandler, Sarah Chandler (Timothy) Ruth [Wilson] Cbickering (El-
liott), Abigail Clement (Joshua), Esther W. Currier (Ira H.), M. A. H.
Bstalirook (Wm. W.), Asaph Evans, Almira B. Evans (Asaph), Samuel
Evans, Sarah C. Evans (Samuel), Samuel Evans, Jr., Henry Farley,
Mary T. [Farley] Uolburn, Martha O. Farrand, VS^illiam Fisk, Margaret
C. Fisk (William), Samuel Fletcher, Nancy B. Fletcher (Samuel), Ruth
W. Fletcher, Eliza M. Fletcher (Daniel H.), Lydia French (Theodore),
Hannah Gould (Nathan), Georgo Hutchins, Sarah R. [Tucker] Hutchins
(George), Betsy Hoit (William), Charlotte M. [Hurd] Davidson, George
Kont, Lucia A, Kent (George), David Kimball, Elizabeth E. Kimball,

(Da.vid), Mary Ann Kimball, Fanny A. Low (Joseph), Grace G. Low
(William), Clarissa J. [Chase] McFarland (Asa), Mary Mills (Charles),
Emily Moore (J. \V.), Asa Morrill, John Niles, Olive Niles (John), Betsy
[Robinson] Osgood (David), Caleb Parker, Abigail D. Parker (Caleb),
Lucy Robinson (Josiali), Mercy G. Robinson, Benjamin Rolfe, Sarah H.
[Sargent] Pillsbury (Packer), Samuel Shute, M. H. Teuney (David),
Roswell W. Turner, Elijah Tuttle, Hannah S. Tuttle (Elijah), Zurviah
Tuttle (Jesse C), Mary J. [Tuttle] Tarlton (John), Sarah S. Tuttle,
Niithaniel G. Upham, Eliza W. [Burnham] Uphani (Nathaniel G.), Han-
nah Uphain (Ephraim), Philip Watson, Mary W. Wiitson (Philip), Susan
Weeks (John), James Weeks, Mary L. Weeks (James), Sarah S. Wilson
(Thomas), Amos Wood, Louisa W. Wood (Amos).

In March, 1837, the church and society extended a
call to Rev. Daniel J. Noyes, then tutor in Dartmouth
College, to become pastor. This invitation was ac-
cepted, and Mr. Noyes, a graduate of .Dartmouth and
of Andover Theological Seminary, was ordained and
installed May 3, 1837,^sermou by Rev. Dr. Bouton,
of the North Church. Mr. Noyes had a very
successful pastorate of twelve and a half years, to
November, 1849, when he resigned to accept a profes-
sorship in Dartmouth College.

Rev. Henry E. Parker, of Keene, who was then
preaching at Eastport, Me., commenced his pastorate
in April, 1850, but was not installed until May 14,
1851,— sermon by Rev. Nathan Lord, D.D., president
of Dartmouth College. In 1857 the meeting-house
was repaired and improved, but in 1859 (June 12th) it
was totally consumed by fire, with no insurance.
Public services were held in Phcenix Hall until No-
vember, 1860. After much discussion, the society
purchased the property on Pleasant Street, many
years occupied by the Hon. William A. Kent, as the
site for their new house of worship. A building com-
mittee was appointed, and work was commenced on
the foundations in the fall of 1859. The corner-stone
was laid, with appropriate exercises, May 3, 1860,
and the house was completed and dedicated Novem-
ber 27, 1860. The house, land, furnaces, stoves and
bell cost twenty-four thousand five hundred and
forty-five dollars. Mr. Parker's pastorate of nearly
sixteen years was attended by the most salutary
results. He had leave of absence on two occasions, —
from June, 1861, to August, 1862, when he was
chaplain of the Second New Hampshire Volunteers,
and from September, 1865, to February, 1866, when
he went on a European excursion. He resigned
while abroad, and a council held in March, 1866,
after his return, dissolved Ms relation with the church
and society.

There was no installed pastor of the church from
March, 1866, to January, 1869. Rev. William F. V.
Bartlett, of Brooklyn, N. Y., was called, and accepted
conditionally ; but his health failing, he was not in-
stalled, though he preached for more than a year, up
to May, 1867. In 1868 an invitation was extended
to Rev. Mr. Hamilton, of North Andover, Mass., and
a little later to Rev. John V. Hilton, of North Bridge-
water, Mass., both of whom declined.

But the society was not inactive in the mean time.
The house of worship, as first constructed, had no
galleries. In 1867 all the slips were occupied, and

there seemed to be a call for more room. To provide
this additional space, the plan of erecting galleries
was suggested. The consent of the society being ob-
tained, galleries containing forty slips were built by
twenty-five gentlemen, members of the society known
as the Gallery Association. There was no organ
in the church until 1868, but in the summer of that
year the society purchased the one now used, at an
expense of four thousand dollars. About twelve
hundred dollars more was expended in repairs and
improvements on the house and chapel.

In December, 1868, the church and society ex-
tended a call to Rev. Silas L. Blake, of Pepperell,
Mass., to become pastor. This call was accepted,
and the services of the pastor-elect commenced the
first Sabbath of January, 1869. He was installed on
the 27th of the same month, the sermon being de-
livered by the Rev. Professor Park, of Andover Theo-
logical Seminary. Mr. Blake's pastorate of nearly
nine years proved very successful. Sunday, February
4, 1877, was observed as the fortieth anniversary of
the formation of the church. In the morning the
pastor preached a sermon giving an historical sketch
of the material growth and prosperity of the church
and society, and in the afternoon he gave a history
of the spiritual growth and progress of the church
during these forty years. In the morning he was as-
sisted by Rev. Dr. Noyes, of Hanover, the first pastor,
and Rev. Dr. Bouton, of Concord ; and in the after-
noon Rev. Mr. Ayer, of the North Church, Concord,
was also present, and assisted. In the evening Dr.
Noyes and Dr. Bouton occupied the time in most in-
teresting and profitable personal reminiscences. The
house was crowded, and the occasion was one of great
interest. In the fall of 1877 Mr. Blake, having re-
ceived a call to become pastor of a church in Cleve-
land, Ohio, resigned, and he was dismissed by
council October 14, 1877.

Rev. Dr. Wallace, of Manchester, was employed to
preach regularly in the church for some six months
after Mr. Blake's departure, and continued until
another pastor was called. At the close of his
services the church passed resolutions expressive of
their deep appreciation of his faithful services, and of
their affectionate personal regard.

In the spring of 1878 the church and society in-
vited the Rev. Charles E. Harrington, of Lancaster,
N. H., to become their pastor, which call was ac-
cepted. He began his labors in March, and was in-
stalled by council April 18, 1878, Professor William
M. Barbour, D.D., of Yale College, preaching the
sermon.

April 19, 1882, Brother Franklin Evans gave the
church two hundred dollars " as a nucleus for a
fund " to aid the needy members of the church and
congregation. This was in memory of his late wife,
Mrs. Sarah E. Evans. The church took action on
this subject, and the result was that a society was
formed of the members of the church, known as the

South Church Relief Society, for the purpose of
accumulating a fund, the income of which should be
applied to the aforesaid charitable object.

Mr. Harrington's pastorate, although short, was a
profitable one. He resigned his charge as pastor,
and was dismissed by council August 31, 1882.

Rev. William H. Hubbard, of Merrimack, Mass.,
was called to be pastor in the spring of 1883, which
call was accepted, and he was installed June 4, 1883,
Rev. William J. Tucker, D.D., of Andover Theologi-
cal Seminary, preaching the sermon. His resignation
has been accepted to take eflect September 30, 1885.

In October, 1883, the National Council of Congre-
gational Churches for the United States was holden
in the South Congregational Church in Concord, the
North Church uniting in making the arrangements
and in entertaining the delegates. The council con-
tinued nearly a week. The meetings, day and even-
ing, were well attended, and were very interesting
and profitable.

The interest of the Gallery Association has now
been purchased by the society, so that now the
society owns all those pews, and many others in the
body of the house.

For nearly twenty years past the pew-holders have
voted to assess a tax upon the pews to defray the
larger part of the expense of supporting the gospel,
but at their annual meeting in January, 1885, they
refused to assess any tax upon the pews, so that
hereafter all moneys for the support of the gospel
must be raised by subscription until some better way
can be devised.

Present membership of church, three hundred and
eighty-four.

DEACONS.
Samuel Fletcher, elected May 25, 1837.
John Niles, elected May 25, 1837.
Amos Wood elected August 15, 18.311.
David Kimball, elected March 3, 1842.
Epps Burnham, elected August 31, 1843.
Nathaniel Evans, elected August 31, 1843.
Asa McFarland, elected August 31, 1843.
Caleb Parker, elected .\ugust 31, 1843.
Joseph French, elected July 18, 1850.
George B. Chandler, elected November 4, 1852.
Greenough McCjuesten, elected October 29, 1857.
Levi liiscom, elected December 31, 1857.
Hazen Pickering, elected December 3(1, 1863.
George G. Sanborn, elected December 30, 1863.
William H. Allison, elected July 5, 1872.
Charles W. Harvey, elected July 5, 1872.
Charles Kimball, elected January 28, 1875.
Albert S. Hammond, elected May 5, 1876.
Frank Coffin, elected January 31, 1870.
Henry A. Mann, elected January 26, 1884.
William A Stone, elected February 8, 1884.

The South Congregational Church, Concord, has
sustained a Mission Sunday-school near Richardson's
Mills, about five miles east of the city, since 1870, a
period of fifteen years, contributing some one hun-
dred dollars per year, besides supplying them with
teachers and a superintendent. It is called the Me-
morial Sabbath-School. This school is in a prosper-

HISTOKY OF MEREIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

ous condition, having an average of about one
hundred members. There is a Union Church con-
nected with this Sabbath-school, which was formed
some ten or twelve years ago. The church has always
been small, and numbers only about from twelve to
fifteen members.

Congregational Church, East Concord. — This
church was organized JIarch 30, 1842, with forty-two
members. Its history is thus related by Dr. Bouton :
In the year 1841 a new house for public worship
was erected on the east side of the Merrimack River,
principally by members of the First Congregational
Church and Society there residing. In March, 1842,
a request was presented to the First Church, signed
by forty-four members residing in that part of the
town, requesting letters of dismission and recommen-
dation, for the purpose of being organized into a new-
church, which request was granted. The East Con-
gregational Church was organized by a council of
neighboring churches on the 30th of March, 1842,
and Rev. Timothy Morgan, from the Theological
Seminary at Gilmanton, was engaged to supply the
pulpit. Mr. Morgan continued his labors about a
year. Rev. Hiram Freeman was next invited to
settle, and was ordained September 27, 1843, and was
dismissed in June, 1845. March 24, 1847, Rev. Win-
throp Fifield was installed pastor. Mr. Fifield con-
tinued his services about three years. June 25, 1851^
Rev. Henry A. Kendall was installed pastor, who
continued until May 1, 1858. His succe.=sors as pas-
tors and acting pastors have been as follows : Revs.
E. 0. Jones, A. O. Baker, Norton Smith, George
Smith, H. R. Hawes, A. Burnham, W. G. Schoppe,
C. L. Tappan, A. F. Dunnels and James T. Pyke.
The latter was installed pastor October 16, 1874.

Congregational Church, West Concord. — The first
church edifice was completed and dedicated January
15, 1833. The building was of wood, sixty-three by
forty-three feet, with a projection of three feet in
front, and cost two thousand dollars.

The formal organization of the church occurred
April 22, 1833. with eighty-nine members dismissed
from the North Congregational Church for the pur-
pose. On the same day Rev. Asa P. Tenney was
installed pastor and so continued until his death,
March 1, 1867, a term of thirty- three years and eight
months. During his pastorate three hundred and
eleven were added to the church. His salary ever
remained at four hundred and fifty dollars per year.
After the death of Mr. Teuney the pulpit was supplied
for one year by Rev. Dr. Bouton.

Mr. Hiram B. Putnam supplied the pulpit from
August 9, 1868; was installed October 28, 1868; re-
signed and dismissed December 15, 1873.

Rev. Irving D. Adkinson supplied the pulpit from
March 1, 1874; was installed May 6, 1874, and con-
tinued until his death, February 25, 1875.

Mr. John W. Colwell supplied the pulpit from
June, 1875; was ordained September 22, 1875; in-

stalled February 28, 1877; dismissed April, 1879, and
during his pastorate fifty-seven were added to the
church.

Rev. Cyrus M. Perry supplied the pulpit as acting
pastor from July,' 1879, to July, 1882.

Mr. Charles B. Strong was ordained as pastor Sep-
tember 6, 1882; resigned July 13, 1884, and dismis.sed
March 30, 1885.

The church is at present (April, 1885) supplied by
C. H. Roper, of Andover Theological Seminary.

Deacon.?.— Abiel Rolfe, from 1833 until his death,
in 1840 ; held the same office iu North Church pre-
viously, from 1811 to 1833. Ira Eowell, from 1833 to
1875 ; resigned on account of extreme feebleness ; died
1 876 ; held same office in North Church previously,
from 1829 to 1833. H. Runnels, from 1840 until
his death, in 1859. From 1859 until 1875, Deacon
Rowell was the only deacon. Stephen Carleton, from
1876 until his death, in 1884. Edward S. Barrett,
from 1876 to present time. Cyrus Runnels, from 1876
to present time.

This first church was burned September 21, 1879,
after having been thoroughly repaired, at a cost of
fiteen hundred dollars. A new church was imme-
diately commenced, built of granite and cost fifteen
thousand dollars, and was dedicated June 14, 1871.

Penacook Congregational Church. — The Con-
gregational Church in Penacook was organized No-
vember 6, 1850. Rev. Mr. Knight and other ministers
were employed as preachers till 1857, when Rev. Albert
William Fiske was installed pastor May 20th, and re-
mained iu that relation till October 16th, 1836.

The second pastor, Rev. William R. Jewett, was
installed September 16, 1863, and dismissed Septem-
ber 10, 1874.

The third pastor. Rev. Marvin D. Bishee, was
installed September 10, 1874; dismissed April 10,
1877.

Rev. John H. Larry was installed December 21,
1882 ; dismissed May 15, 1883.

In 1876, Hon. John Kimball and Benjamin A.
Kimball presented a bell to this church, which bears
the following inscription :

"MEMORIAL BELL:
THE CONGREGATIONAL SOCIETY

John and Benjamin Ames Kimhall,

THE LATE BENJAMIN KIMBALL

Leihiiii that heaieth nay, 0>me."

Benjamin Kimball, whose name is inscribed thereon,
was a native of Canterbury, born December 27, 1794,
and remaining most of the time on the old home-
stead, with his father, until he was about twenty-five
years old. He resided for a time in Northfield,
whence, in the spring of 1824, he removed with his
family to Boscawen, and settled on High Street.

CONCOKD.

Being inclined to mechanical rather than agri-
cultural pursuits, and having made the acquaintance
of Mr. John Clark — sometimes called "Boston
John" — while at work on the new State-House in
(?oncord, and other places, resolved to abandon his
farm, and devote more of bis time to mechanical
labor. In 1824 he was employed by the late Nathaniel
Rolfe to build a saw-mill on the site now occupied by
Mr. Blanchard's Excelsior Factory, which was the
only saw-mill ever erected ou that spot.

It was here that he became acquainted with, and
saw the advantages of, the great water-power on the
Contoocook River. His means were small, but after
the failure of Mr. Varney, who had commenced to
improve the water-power here by building the upper
dam, he sold his farm, and in the winter of 1829-30
bought of Hon. Jeremiah Mason, agent for the United
States Bank, the property owned by Mr. Varney,
which comprised all the water-power formerly and
now owned by the Contoocook Company, the farm of
Captain John Sawyer and the dwelling-house and
lands now owned by the heirs of the late Ephraim
Plummer and others.

He removed here with his family in November,
1830, and commenced immediately to make further
improvement of the water-power by erecting a dam
and building a grist-mill, which was successfully ac-
complished at the close of the ne.xt year. He was a
member of the Congregational Church at Boscawen
Plain, and always took an active part in all that was
e.ssential to the general and religious welfare of the
town. He died July 21, 1834, aged thirty-nine.

Unitarian Church,'— Early in the year 1827
several citizens of the town, who were dissatisfied
with the Calvinistic doctrine preached in the churches
of the place, met together, and, after consultation
with each other, on the 4th day of April of that year,
associated themselves together, agreeably to the laws
of the State, under the name and title of the Second
Congregational Society in Concord.

The formal organization took place, as we learn
from the records, on the 8th day of August, 1827, at
which time Richard Bartlett, Moses Eastman, Wil-
liam Kent, Sampson Bullard, Stephen Brown, John
Leach, Woodbury Brown, AMlliam M. Virgin, Elijah
Mansur, Joseph Manahan, Washington Williams,
.lames Wilcomb, Joseph C. West, Timothy Chandler,
Benjamin Grover and William Francis met at the
court-room in the old town-house, and organized by
the election of Major Timothy Chandler as chairman,
and William Kent clerk. Moses Eastman, Richard
Bartlett and Jacob B. Moore were chosen a com-
mittee to prepare by-laws and regulations for the
society, and report at some subsequent meeting.

" Voted unanimously. That this society assume the
powers and privileges of a corporation, under and

pursuant to an act of the Legislature passed July 3,
1827, entitled 'An act empowering religious associa-
tions to assume and exercise corporate powers.'"

The clerk was directed to give public notice of the
formation of the society, in the usual form. At an
adjourned meeting, held August 25, 1827, a code of
by-laws was reported by the committee chosen to pre-
pare them, and accepted. At an adjourned meetingi
held September 4, 1827, Moses Eastman, William
Kent and Stephen Brown were elected a prudential
committee, and Captain Jeremiah Pritchard treasurer.
Thus the organization of the society was completed.

It being deemed desirable to secure preaching of
the liberal faith so far as the means of the society
would allow, Colonel William Kent visited Ports-
mouth, and arranged with Rev. Dr. Parker, of that
place, to come to Concord and preach two Sundays
during the session of the Legislature in June. The
use of the Representatives' Hall was secured for the
services, and there, on the 17th day of June, 1827,
was preached the first professedly Unitarian sermon
ever delivered in Concord. The services (says Colonel
Kent) were highly appreciated, and the audience was
highly respectable in numbers. Dr. Parker preached
at the same place on the following Sabbath.

A wish being expressed to hear more of the liberal
preaching. Colonel Kent visited Bo.ston, and secured
the services of several pastors of Unitarian Churches
in that city and the adjacent towns for a Sunday each,
the court-room being secured as a place of meeting.
Rev. Dr. Biirrett, of Boston, commenced under this
arrangement July 8, 1827, and was followed by Rev.
Messrs. Gannett, Pierpont, Tuckerman, Whitman and
Ware. Messrs. Christopher T. Thayer, Ralph \\'aldo
Emerson and Moses G. Thomas then preached with
reference to settlement.

April 3, 1828, the society voted to raise three hun-
dred dollars, by tax on the members, for the support
of preaching the ensuing year. Rev. Moses G.
Thomas was ordained pastor February 25, 1829. On
the same day, previous to the ordination, a church
consisting of eight members was formed.

A minister having been secured, the want of a
permanent place of worship was felt. To encourage
the effort to erect a church, Hon. William A. Kent
proposed, if a sum of money sufficient for its erection
could be raised, to donate a piece of land to the
society on which to build it.

After a thorough canvass, three thousand dollars,
just one-half of the amount needed, was secured, — a
liberal subscription for those times in a society few
in numbers and of limited pecuniary means. In this
emergency. Colonel William Kent was dispatched to
Boston to solicit aid from the wealthy friends of the
cause in that place. Spending a fortnight in the
work, he succeeded, to his great satisfaction, in raising
the amount required. This being done, measures
were at once adopted to secure the accomplishment
of the object so much desired.

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

John Leach, Esq., a member of the society, was
employed as master-builder, and under his direction
the work went rapidly forward. The corner-stone
was laid May 2, 1829, with appropriate services, and
on the 11th of November following the church was
dedicated " to the worship of the one living and true
God." On this occasion the introductory prayer was
oiFered by Rev. Ralph Waldo Emerson, the dedi-
catory prayer by Rev. Mr. Parkman, and a discourse
was delivered by the pastor. Rev. Moses G. Thomas.

The house thus dedicated stood on the spot occu-
pied by the present edifice. After doing service as a
place of religious worship for the space of nearly
twenty-five years, it was destroyed by fire on the
evening of November 2, 1854.

Measures were at once taken to replace the church
edifice. Plans having been procured, the services of
Henry M. Moore, as builder, were secured. The
foundation was laid under the direction of Luther
Roby, Esq., and the work went forward. In eighteen
months, lacking one day, from the time of the fire,
the new house was completed and dedicated.

January 14, 1834, " Voted, That the sum of seven
hundred dollars annually be raised by the society for
the next five years."

April 1, 1834, Jeflerson Noyes was chosen li-
brarian.

April 4, 1837, Simon Brown, since Lieutenant-
Governor of Massachusetts, was elected clerk of the
society, in place of Colonel William Kent, who had
filled the oflice from its first organization. Mr. Brown
left town shortly after, and at the annual meeting,
held in April, 1838, Colonel Kent was again elected,
serving until April 15, 1841. At the same meeting,
" Voted, That R. H. Sherburne be requested to take a
seat in the gallery a few Sundays, and apply a
corrective to the boys." " Voted, That Mr. Thomas be
released from his duties to the society for the term of
four Sabbaths for the year 1837, at such time as he
may desire, and that the society supply the desk
during said term."

Mr. Thomas resigned January 28, 1844.

May 15, 1844.— At a special meeting held this day,
" Voted, That the society are so well pleased with Rev.
Mr. Tilden, of Norton, Mass., as a preacher, as to en-
gage him to supply the desk for three or six months;"
and the standing committee were directed to visit
him and secure his services for the coming month of
June.

April 1, 1845, an article having appeared in the
Congregational Journal, entitled " Parkerism in Con-
cord," reflecting somewhat severely on the opinions
held and preached by Mr. Tilden, a series of resolu-
tions expressing the confidence of the society in him
as a preacher was introduced by Lewis Downing, Esq.,
and passed by a unanimous vote.

April 25, 1845, the prudential committee were
authorized to procure the services of Rev. Mr. Tilden
for one year from the 1st of July next.

April 7, 1846, Mr. Tilden having expressed a wish
to terminate his connection with the society at the
end of his present engagement, the society, believing
that a misapprehension existed on his part in regard
to the true state of feeling existing towards him.
Voted unanimously, that it is their earnest desire that
his resignation be withdrawn, and that he continue
with them for the coming year."

Rev. Mr. Tilden's services as pastor, which com-
menced in 1844, of the society closed July 1, 1847.
He was never formally installed.

From this time forward, for more than two years,
the desk was filled by various clergymen. Rev. Mr.
Putnam ofiiciating for several months, by temporary
engagements.

Mr. Augustus Woodbury was ordained August 1,
1849.

July 27, 1851, "Voted, That an alteration be made
in the gallery," and a committee was appointed to raise
the money necessary to defray the expense of the
same. At the same time, " Voted, That Mr. Wood-
bury's salary be increased to eight hundred dollars
per annum." Mr. Woodbury's connection with the
society closed August 1, 1853.

Rev. Artemas B. Muzzey was installed March 29,
1854 The pastorate of Mr. Muzzey occurred during
a time of trial to the society, — the destruction of the
church edifice in the month of November following
his settlement, and the building of the present one
taxing their resources severely. But in all their
eft'orts they met with the cheerful and hearty co-oper-
ation of the pastor and the members of his family,
whose services deserve a lasting and grateful remem-
brance.

October 18, 1857, the prudential committee were
authorized to invite Mr. Silas Farrington to preach to
the society for one year ; and the invitation being
.iccepted, he was ordained early in the month of
December following.

October 3, 1858, Mr. Farrington was requested to
continue his services another year.

October 5, 1858, a legacy left the society by the
late Timothy Walker, Esq., of twenty-one shares of
stock in the Northern Railroad corporation, was
accepted, and Benjamin Grover was appointed agent
to receive and manage the same.

April 25, 1859, the society voted that the treas-
urer be directed to sell and convey the railroad stock
left the society by the late Timothy Walker, Esq.,
and invest the proceeds in the purchase of pews num-
bered 21, 23, 30, 56, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71 and 73, in the
church, the same to be owned by the society, and the
rents received therefor to be appropriated annually to
the support of preaching, agreeably to the provisions
of the will of Mr. Walker.

December 25, 1859, Mr. Farrington was requested
to continue as pastor another year.

November 25, 1860, Mr. Farrington resigned the
office of pastor, the resignation to take eftect January

1, 1861, and his resignation was accepted by the soci-
ety at a meeting held December 2, 1860.

For some time after the withdrawal of Mr. Farring-
ton the desk was tilled by such supplies as could be
obtained, Rev. Liberty Billings among the number,
who, without formal installation, officiated as minister
for about two years, until, having received an appoint-
ment as chaplain in the Fourth Regiment New Hamp-
shire Volunteers, he resigned, and the desk was again
left to be supplied by candidates.

December 27, 1863, Rev. T. J. Mumford received
an invitation to take the pastoral charge, which he
declined.

February 7, 1864, Rev. Junius L. Hatch was in-
vited to become the minister of the society, which invi-
tation was accepted, and he was installed in the
month of June following.

June 24, 1865, difficulties having arisen between
Mr. Hatch and the society, it was voted that the rela-
tion existing between them be at once terminated,
and the committee were directed to notify the minister
of this action of the society.

January 23, 1866, the society voted that Rev. J.
F. Levering be invited to become their pastor, which
invitation he accepted. The formal services of instal-
lation took place February 27, 1866.

Mr. Lovering's labors with the society closed April
1, 1875, after having continued nine years. At that
time the society voted him the use of the parsonage
for the term of three months, free of rent. The resig-
nation of Mr. Lovering opened the way for the
employment of temporary supplies and candidates
for a long time.

January 24, 1876, " Voted, That the committee be
instructed to extend an invitation to Rev. W. G. Todd
to become the pastor for one year." The call wa.s
accepted, and Mr. Todd entered upon the duties of
his office without any formal introduction. During
this season the church was repainted, and some neces-
sary repairs were made.

March 1, 1877, Mr. Todd retired.

November 24, 1877, an invitation was extended
to Rev. Samuel C. Beane, of Salem, Mass., to assume
the pastoral care of the society. The invitation was
accepted, and the services of installation took place
January 9, 1878, and he is the present pastor.

The church organized February 25, 1829, and re-
ceived gradual accessions to the number of its mem-
bers, from the first of whom, Miss Ellen Louisa
Tucker, afterwards Mrs. Ralph Waldo Emerson, it
received a present of a set of vessels for the commun-
ion service.

On the 19tli day of July, 1829, the first communion
service was observed, prior to which, as we learn from
the records, Brother William Kent was elected dea-
con, and accepted the office. Although his resignation
was once offered, its acceptance was refused by the
church, and he remains to this day its senior deacon.
His services in the formation of the society and

church entitle him to the grateful regard of the pres-
ent members.

A Sunday-school connected with the society wa.s
organized by Colonel William Kent and others prior to
the building of the first church edifice. Colonel Kent
was for a long time its superintendent.

The Concord Female Benevolent Association was
formed by ladies of the society, January 5, 1835,
for the purjiose of doing something towards relieving
the wants and multiplying the comforts of the indi-
gent and suffering members of the community.

Of the good done by these organizations, those who
have been taught, and those whose wants have been
relieved by them, can bear witness. Of the ladies who
planned them, and by whose exertions they have been
sustained, it may be truly said, their works praise
them.

By the will of Lewis Downing, Esq., dated Decem-
ber 27, 1872, the society after his death became, after
deducting some small legacies, the recipient of one-
sixth of the income of his estate annually, the same
to be appropriated to the support of the preaching of
the Christiaa religion as taught by the late Dr. Chan-
ning, — the amount of the legacy being increased from
time to time as the deaths of his children should
occur, until at last the society should receive the
income of two-thirds of the estate ; the balance, over
two thousand dollars annually, to be devoted to the
support of a minister-at-large of the Channing-Unita-
rian faith, and in aiding and strengthening feeble
societies of that faith in the State of New Hampshire.

St. Paul's Church.' — The first meeting of individ-
uals friendly to the organization of the Protestant
Episcopal Society was held at the house of Albe Cady,
on the 5th of January, 1817. At this meeting the
basis of an organization was presented by a commit-
tee appointed for the purpose, which was subscribed
by thirteen gentlemen, among whom were the Hon.
Samuel Green, Albe Cady, the Hon. Isaac Hill and
.John West, Jr. They gave the organization the
name of St. Thomas' Chapel. On the 24th of March,
1818, Rev. Charles Burroughs was chosen rector. It
does not appear whether or not Mr. Borroughs ac-
cepted the rectorship. He, however, frequently offi-
ciated here, giving to the new parish whatever of
service he could bestow in connection with his minis-
trations in St. John's Church, Portsmouth, of which
he was rector, and in many ways, by advice and in-
fluence, contributed greatly to encourage and sustain
the infant parish in Concord.

During 1817 and the three succeeding years the
Rev. Messrs. Andrews, Searle, Herbert and Marshall
held occasional services here, but the greater part of
the time the services were conducted by lay readers.
In April, 1821, the Rev. John L. Blake was cho-
sen rector, and for more than two years officiated

historical sketch prepared by Hon. Horace A.

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

here, at the same time serving St. Andrew's Church,
Hopkinton.

For a part of the first year after the formation of
the parish the services were held in Masonic Hall, over
the Concord Bank, the present location of the First
National Bank. Subsequently the town hall was oc-
cupied by the parish as a place of worship for about
two years. Afterwards the services were held in a
commodious hall, fitted up by Hon. Isaac Hill, in the
upper part of a store occupying the present site of
the opera-house.

This hall was used during the week by the Rev. Mr.
Blake as a school-room.

Several ineftectual attempts were made during
these years to build a church. As far back as 1819 a
subscription was commenced for this purpose. The
cost of the edifice was not to exceed six thousand
dollars, and one-half of this sum was subscribed by
twelve individuals. In the spring of 1823 the Rev.
Mr. Blake resigned the rectorship and removed from
town, and for about twelve years services of our
church were only occasionally held in Concord, Eev.
Moses.. B. Chase, of Hopkinton, now and then sup-
plying a single service.

It appears that divine worship according to the
forms and rites of the Protestant Episcopal Church
was conducted here, almost without interruption,
from the beginning of 1817 to the spring of 1823, a
lay reader being employed when the ministrations of
a clergyman could not be procured.

In 1819 a committee on the state of the church in
the Diocese of New Hampshire, appointed by the
Diocesan Convention, reported thirteen families and
ten communicants in this parish. During its con-
tinuance as St. Thomas' Chapel the rite of con-
firmation was administered to seven persons, and there
were about twenty baptisms.

On the 13th of July, 1835, St. Paul's parish was or-
ganized, and the Rev. Moses B. Chase was chosen
rector. Mr. Chase held services once each month in
this parish, from May, 1 835, to March, 1836, and each
Sunday evening during July and August of the latter
year. He resided in Hopkinton, and was rector of St.
Andrew's Church.

Rev. Petrus S. Ten Broeck became rector in Novem-
ber, 1836. The services at this time were held in the
court-house, which occupied the site' of the present
city hall. At this time there were ten communi-
cants.

In the summer of 1836, John West, a gentleman
devotedly attached to the church, set himself about
obtaining, by subscriptions and donations, funds to
build a church, but had hardly more than made a be-
ginning when sudden death brought his earthly
labors to a close, and one of the first oflices which
the new rector was called upon to discharge in the
parish wa.s the sad duty of consigning to the dust the
mortal remains of this warm and active friend of
the church.

The first church edifice ' was completed near the
close of the year 1839, and on the 1st of January,
1840, it was consecrated to the worship of Almighty
God by the venerable and beloved Bishop Griswold,
bishop of the Eastern Diocese, of which New Hamp-
shire was a part. Bishop Griswold also, on the fol-
lowing day, instituted the Rev. Mr. Ten Broeck rector
of the parish.

July 16, 1843, Albe Cady, for many years senior
warden of the parish, deceased. Mr. Cady was among
the first to move for establishing the church here and
labored earnestly and faithfully for its success.

In October, 1844, Rev. Mr. Ten Broeck, on account
of failing health, resigned his charge of the parish
and removed to Danvers, Mass., where he resided till
his decease, in 1849. He was a faithful minister. The
number of communicants at the close of his labors in
the parish was about forty, as against ten at its com-
mencement.

Rev. Darius R. Brewer succeeded Sir. Ten Broeck,
having been elected the 25th of November, 1844. Mr.
Brewer reported to the convention, the following
June, forty-five communicants, thirty families, and
the number of persons attending public worship from
one hundred to one hundred and fifty. After two
years of faithful and devoted service, he resigned to
take charge of Trinity parish, Newport, R. I. He
has since died.

Mr. Brewer was succeeded immediately by the Rev.
Thomas Leaver, from the Diocese of Rhode Island.
Mr. Leaver's ministry in the parish was very brief.
He commenced his labors here on the fir.st Sunday in
December, 1846, and conducted his last service on
the first Sunday in December, 1847. After a severe
illness of a few days, he died on the 23d of
the same )nonth. During the brief period of his
ministry Mr. Leaver proved himself a faithful shep-
herd, and his death was a deep affliction to the
parish.

On the 27th of February, 1848, the Rev. Newton E.
Marble, of the Diocese of Massachusetts, was
elected to the rectorship, and soon after entered upon
its duties. At this date the number of communicants
was forty-four, the number of families thirty. During
Mr. Marble's ministry, of a little more than nine
years, the parish had a steady growth in numbers
and a correspondingly widening influence in the com-
munity.

Mr. Marble resigned the rectorship of the parish
April 1, 1857, and soon after moved to Newtown, Dio-
cese of Connecticut, to assume charge of Trinity par-
ish, which relation he sustained during the remainder
of his life. He died about three years since, much
beloved by the people of his charge and by every one
who knew him.

From Easter, 1857, to Easter, 1858, the parish was

3 consisted of Albe Cady, L. C. Virgil and

CONCOKD.

without a rector. For the first two months or more of
this time the Rev. Dr. Henry A. Coit, either by him-
self or by the Rev. Jrancis Chase, his assistant at St.
Paul's School, kindly supplied one service on Sundays.
For the balance of the year the Rev. Edward Ballard,
then residing at Hopkinton, filled the position of
minister of the parish, accepting therefor, without
stipulation, such compensation as the parish could of-
fer. The ministrations of these clergymen, as well
as their helpfulness in many ways, is gratefully re-
membered by the church people of those days.

Rev. James H. Fames, D.D., entered upon his
duties as rector on Easter Day, 1858, and continued
until his death, which occurred December 10, 1877.
The parish had granted Dr. Fames leave of absence for
the winter, and, December 7th, in company with Mrs.
Fames, he started from New York for the Bermudas,
and died on the 10th of the same month, just as the
vessel dropped anchor in the harbor of Hamilton.

Very soon after Dr. Fames began his work here
signs of a new and deepening interest in the church's
work were visible, and soon it became evident that the
little church would not long accommodate the congre-
gation. The fnllrnvinE' appearson the parish records :

".4t a iiK'. ti!i_ ■ nd held ill Ihe church, May 24, 1S5S, a

committei- \v;i- i i ,11- of Kev. J. H. Eames, David Davis,

E. Symmes, A. I I'l 1. .1 In M. Hill, William L. Foster and Charles
P. Gage, to take iiitn coiir;i<l..Matinn the expediency of enlarging the old
church or building a new one, to report at an adjourned meeting to be
held in one week."

It was finally decided to build a new church, and
the following were appointed a building committee :
Ebenezer Symraes, Augustine C. Pierce, George
Minot, John M. Hill and Abel Hutchins. Of these
gentlemen, John M. Hill survives.

On Wednesday, the 25th day of May, 1859, the cor-
ner-stone of the new church was laid. Two excellent
addresses were delivered on the occasion, — one by the
Rev. Dr. Burroughs, of Portsmouth, the other by Hon.
Josiah Minot. Under the watchful supervision of the
building committee the new church went on to com-
pletion, and on the 15th day of December, 1859, was
consecrated to the worship of Almighty God by the
Rt. Rev. Bishop Carlton Chase, of this diocese, the
Rt. Rev. BisEop'Clafk^ of the Diocese of Rhode
Island, preaching the consecration sermon.

The cost of the church and furnishing was about
seventeen thousand dollare.

A chime of nine bells was placed in the tower of
the church in 1868, through the liberality of members
of the parish. Three of these bells were given by the
ladies of the parish ; the others were personal gifts
from John H. Pearson, Mrs. Fliza C. Davis, Edward
L. Knowlton, Edward A. Abbott and Mrs. William
Butterfield. They were first rung on Easter morning,
April 12, 18(58.

In the summer of 1877 extensive repairs of the
church were made. While these repairs were going
on services were held in Rumford Hall, kindly ottered
by Jlr. Franklin Low, junior warden.

It had been arranged, by vote of the parish, i>re-
vious to the departure of Dr. Eames, that the bishop
of the diocese should have charge of the matter of
supplying the services during his absence. This ar-
rangement continued till the 2-lth of the following
April, when, at the annual parish meeting, it was

" roled, That the Kt. Eev. the Bishop of the Diocese be invited to ac-
cept the rectorship of St. Paul's parish.''

At a subsequent meeting the bishop nominated the
Rev. Daniel C. Roberts, of Brandon, Diocese of Ver-
mont, to be vice-rector, and the clerk was directed to
notify the bishop that the wardens and vestry ap-
prove of the nomination, and that he is desired to
communicate with the Rev. Mr. Roberts accordingly.
The Rev. Mr. Roberts, having accepted the vice-rec-
torship, entered upon its duties in June of the same
year.

On the 2d day of December, 1879, the ceremony of
unveiling the beautiful window to the memory of the
Rev. Dr. Fames, which had been procured by the
parish and placed in the front end of the church, was
held. John M. Hill, in behalf of the committee ap-
i pointed to procure the memorial, made an appropri-
ate address and unveiled the window, after which
Bishop Niles and the Rev. Mr. Roberts also made
addresses.

At a meeting of the wardens and vestry, held No-
vember 14, 1882, the subject of a chapel, which had
been discussed at the previous annual meeting of the
parish, was ftu'tlier considered, and the Hon, Josiah
Minot made a prciiiDsiiiou that, with money then in
the savings-l)aiik liclmiging to the ladies of the parish,
and designed originally for a like purpose, amounting
to about $1000, he would agree that a chapel should
be built, the cost not to exceed $3000. The wardens
voted to accept the ott'er of Mr. Minot, and the follow-
ing summer the chapel was completed at a cost of
S3,926.86, Mr. Minot contributing S2,233.75 ; Mr.
James R. Hill, for land, $300; Mr. John H. Pearson,
for steam-heating, $300 ; Mr. John M. Hill, for gas-
fixtures, etc., $147.50 ; ladies' fund in savings-bank,
$945.61. Other individuals have contributed for set-
tees for the chapel, and recently Mr. and Mrs. H. \V.
Stevens have contributed a beautiful lecturn.

During all these years the parish has had, without
stint, the services of members of the congregation in
the important department of music. We have avoided,
as far as possible, mentioning names, particularly
those now living, who have contributed in their
several ways to the church's work and worship, and
that restraint is upon us now. But they are gratefully
remembered by those who have witnessed their faith-
fulness and profited by their unselfish devotion.

In the latter part of the summer of 1883 a choir of
boys was organized, under the direction of Mr. Frank
E. Brown. The cost of the necessary changes in the
j chancel was defrayed by special gifts from generous
I friends, notably that of Mr. Henri G. Blaisdell, who
' gave the avails of an entertainment given by him with

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

his orchestra, assisted by ladies and gentlemen and
children of the parish. On the Eighteenth Sunday
after Trinity, September 23, 1883, the choir of three
men and twelve boys, vested in cassocks and surplices,
came into church at morning prayer, singing the
232d hymn,—

"Onward, Christian soldiers."

The choir was formally presented by the vice-rector,
and received by the bishop of the diocese, the same
being also rector of the parish, with a short service of
benediction. From that date to the present time they
have continued the good work with augmented num-
bers, increasing interest and zeal on their part, and
growing favor on the part of the congregation. This
service is rendered without salary, and has been given
with enthusiasm and constancy.

During the last twenty-five years there have been
three hundred and ninety-five baptisms, — two hundred
and sixty-six infants and one hundred and twenty-
nine adults. Three hundred and six persons have
been confirmed. Present number of communicants
in the parish, two hundred and sixty.

The contributions of the people for missions,
through the offertory and otherwise, have been
$5054.07, distributed as follows: Diocesan, $3851.61;
domestic, $848.60 ; foreign, $353.86. There has also
been given within the twenty-five years, for other
objects, about $50,000.

Of the latter sum, probably about seven thousand
dollars was devoted to objects within our own parish,
such as the chime of bells and church repairs ; thebal-
ance has been given to church and charitable work, for
educational purposes. Orphans' Home and sufferers
by fire and flood, etc. This sum includes very little,
if anything, for the maintenance of public worship
here during these years.

Hon. Horace A. Brown, the senior warden of the
church, was born in the town of Cornish, N. H., near
Windsor, Vt., October 3, 1823, and is consequently fifty-
four years of age. When but a few months old, his
parents moved to Windsor (now West Windsor), Vt.,
where he lived till he was nine years old. At this
early age he started out in life, working on a farm for
his board and clothes for several years. Undoubtedly
becoming imbued with the idea that agricultural pur-
suits were not adapted to his tastes and a desire to
learn a trade, he first entered the office of the Demo-
cratic Statesman, at Windsor, in January, 1837, as
chore-boy. Being of an industrious turn of mind, he
also learned the art of type-setting, and acquired such
other information about the business as the facilities
of the office presented. In September, 1838, he be-
came a " printer's devil " in the office of the National
Euijk, published at Claremont, N. H., by Weber &
Warland. where he served an apprenticeship of four
years, remaining two years longer as a journeyman in
the same office. In September, 1844, we find him in
the employ of the Claremont Manufacturing Company
as compositor, and occasionally running power-presses.

It was in this oflSce that he first gained an insight in
the most important branch of the " art preservative,"
press-work, which subsequently became his constant
employment. In November, 1847, he commenced, in
connection with Joseph Weber, Esq., the publication
of the Northern Intelligencer, but remained only a few
months in that capacity. The following year he be-
came foreman, for a short time, of the Oranite State
Whig, after which he printed for the proprietor the
Philharmonic Journal, a semi-monthly musical quarto,
lu September of the same year he became employed
in the office of the National Eagle, where he remained
three years. During the winter of 1851-52 he engaged
himself as pressman for the Claremont Manufacturing
Company, running an Adams press. In June, 1852,
he entered the employ of McFarland & Jenks, former
proprietors of the New Hampshire Statesman, and in
August of the same year was appointed foreman of
the press department, in which capacity he has been
constantly employed up to the present time, a period
of more than a quarter of a century.

Mr. Brown long ago acquired the reputation of
being one of the best pressmen in the State, and at
the completion of twenty-five years' service received
many flattering notices from the press of New Eng-
land. A conscientious workman, of noble aspirations
and character, he has won the confidence and esteem
of all with whom he is intimately associated. He
has been a prominent member of the Protestant Epis-
copal Church for many years, and was elected secre-
tary of the Diocesan Convention in 1857, which office
he has since held. An Odd- Fellow and Mason, high in
the respective orders, he has done much to elevate
and promote the interests of these organizations.

Mr. Brown is well-known to the public as a high-
minded citizen ; they have shown their appreciation
of his many accomplishments by electing him, from
time to time, to many positions of trust and honor
in the city government. He was elected mayor in
1878 and re-elected in 1879, and discharged his duties
with eminent ability. He long acted as secretary of
the Republican City Committee, aud was elected to
the State Legislature in 1875-76. By strict economy
in business relations, combined with untiring industry,
he has acquired a reasonable competence, which will
smooth the downward path of life, and afford rest and
comfort in his declining years.

There is an Episcopal Church Mission, which wor-
ships in Merrimack Hall, on East Penacook Street.
Eev. Mr. Roberts is rector in charge, and Colonel J.
S. Pecker, warden.

Universalist Church, '—The Universalist society
was organized January 5, 1842, although there was
occasional preaching by clergymen of this denomina-
tion, the services being held in the old court-house
room, the building then standing near the site of the
present city hall. Among the earliest of the preachers

CONCOKD.

were Rev. J. G. Adams, now residing in Melrose,
Mass., Rev. Thos. J. Whitemore, late editor of the
Trumpet, one of the earliest religious papers of the
New England Universalists; Rev. Hosea Ballon, Rev.
Messrs. N. R. Wight, G. W. Anderson and William
Bell.

In 1841 a vigorous attempt was made to sustain
regular preaching services all the time, a thing then
not easy to do, as there at this time were not many
professed Universalists in Concord. Success, how-
ever, attended the ettbrt, and Rev. N. R. Wight and
Rev. G. W. Anderson supplied the society for one
year.

In June, the first Sunday, Rev. Dr. Ryder, now of
Chicago, 111., then a student at the Gymnasium
Academy, in Pembroke, preached for the society.
Subsequently, and because of the impression then
made, Mr. Ryder was settled as permanent pastor.
The following article may be regarded as the basis of
the society :

"Article 2. The object of this Society shall be the promotiou of truth
and morality among its members, and also in the world at large ; and as
the gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ is calculated above all truth to in-
spire the heart with the emotions of benevolence and virtue, this Society
shall deem it one of its main objects to support the preaching of the
(iospel, according to the Society's ability, and to aid in any other
practicable manner in spreading a knowledge of it among men."

Among the most active and efficient of the early
lay members of the society were S. S. Sweet, who
was the society's first moderator; J. C. Danforth, the
first clerk; A. B. Currier, Chase Hill, Aaron Carter,
W. H. Wyman, J. Fox, Nathaniel White and others.
The wives of these gentlemen were equally active
and efficient in every good word and work.

December 28, 1843, under the ministry of Rev. Mr.
Ryder, the church organization was formed, with
about thirty members.

Rev. Ezekiel Dow, for a short time prior to Mr.
Ryder's regular pastorate, served the society as a sup-
ply. Simultaneously with the organization of the
society was a movement to secure the erection of a
meeting-house. The first meeting-house was erected
on the site of the present church edifice, and com-
pleted and dedicated in October, 1842, the dedica-
tory services occurring October 6th, Rev. Otis A.
Skinner, of Boston, preaching the sermon. The new
meeting-house cost four thousand dollars. Later, the
society outgrowing its church-home, the building was
sold to the Free- Will Baptist society, a new brick edi-
fice taking the place of the frame one sold, at a cost of
thirty thousand dollars. The clergymen who served
the society as supplies and as pastors were Rev.
Messrs. N. R. Wight, G. W. Anderson, E. Dow, J. F.
Whitherell, Rev. W. H. Ryder (1843, the first
pastor), Thompson Barron (1846), John Moore (1850),
familiarly known as Father Moore. He was suc-
ceeded, in IS.'io, by his son, J. Hawly Moore, whose
pastorate continued for eight years. In order, Rev.
A. J. Canfield, 1862; Rev. Rowland Connor, in 1865;
Rev. F. E. Kittridge, 1867; Rev. E. R. Sanborn, 1869;

Rev. E. L. Conger, 1873; Rev. A. P. Rein, the present
pastor, who began his settlement January, 1881.

In 1841, Mr. and Mrs. Joel C. Danforth organized
a Sabbath-school with but six members. The school
now has grown to be one of the most efficient in the
city.

In 1869, at the time of holding the annual meeting,
an important departure was made in the management
and membership of the society, ladies then, for the
first time, being allowed to become eligible to mem-
bership in the parish and society organizations, Mrs.
Armenia S. White, wife of Nathaniel White, be-
coming the first lady member of the prudential
committee.

The Universalist society has always been an active
and influential factor in the life of Concord, and its
pastors, or the most of them, had many friends out-
side of their immediate parish and church associates.
Rev. John Moore, who suddenly died in the street,
of heart-disease, was a man highly respected and
dearly beloved, and when his funeral was held, the
trustees of the Baptist society oflfered the use of their
church edifice in which to hold the funeral services,
the auditorium of this church being larger than that
of the Universalist Church.

During the anti-slavery agitation, and during the
progress of the Rebellion, the friends of this society
were loyal friends of the North, and advocates of the
rights and helpers of the enslaved and unfortunate.
Rev. J. H. Moore took an active part in the work of
advocating the rights of the enslaved.

The Universalist society is at present in a most
healthy and prosperous condition. The church edifice
has just been remodeled at an expense of four thou-
sand dollars, the improvements giving a chapel, a
ladies' parlor, kitchen and dining-room and other
necessary rooms, all of which have for some time been
needed to keep pace with the wants and activities of
the society. The parish at present contains many
who are active in the commercial and active pursuits
of life. Its church and Sunday-school organizations,
and its Ladies' Aid Society, incorporated early in
the history of the society, as well as its minor bodies,
are large, active and efficient.

The First Methodist Episcopal Church.— The first
Methodist services in this vicinity were held on the east
side of the river as early as 1816. In 1822 the first
class was formed on Stickney Hill by Jotham Horton
and E. Stickney. March 12, 1825, the first Method-
ist society in Concord was formed, and among its
first members were Stephen Webster, A. Webster,
Philbrick Bradley, Timothy Bradley, B. H. Weeks,
John Sherburne, James Goodwin, Richard Flanders,
John Johnson, John Clough, David Culver and J.
Abbott. Meetings were held only occasionally, how-
ever, until 1830, when S. Kelley was appointed
pastor, who was the first Conference preacher sta-
tioned here. He was chaplain of the prison, and
received for his services one dollar per week.

HISTOKY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

In 1831 the first church edifice was erected on
the site occupied by the present building. It was
dedicated December 1, 1831, and was about forty-two
by fifty-four feet in size, with sixty pews. The
church lias several times been repaired and improved.

The following is a list of the pastors from its or-
ganization to the present time : Revs. Samuel Kelley,
1830-31 (D. C. Robinson, 1831, supply) ; John G.
Dow, 1832; George Storrs, 1833-34; S. Hoyt, 1835;
J. W. Mowry, 1836 ; J. M. Fuller, 1837-38 ; W. H-
Hatch, 1839-40; John Jones, 1841^2; C. L. Mc-
Curdy, 1843; E. Smith, 1844; C. C. Burr, 1845; E.
Peaslee, 1846-47; Charles Adams, 1848-49; F. A.
Hews, 1850-51; W. F. Evans, 1852-53; S. Kelley,
1854-55 (Professor S. M. Vail, supply, 1855); S.
Beedle, 1856-57; Elisha Adams, 1858-59; O.H.Jasper,
1860; J.H. McCarty, 1861-62; D. P. Leavitt, 1863-65;
S. Holman, 1866; E. Adams, 1867-68; E.A.Titus,
1869-70; A. E. Drew, 1871-73 ; M. W. Prince, 1874'
Leon C. Field, 1875-76 ; O. W. Scott, 1877-78 ; E.
C. Bass, 1879-80 ; L. C. Field, 1881 ; J. H. Haines,
1882-84, present (February 26, 1885) incumbent.
The present membership is about two hundred and
fifty.

Baker Memorial Methodist Episcopal Cliurch.'—
The organization of a Christian Church in any com-
munity is an event worthy of note. The good in-
fluences it may exert in the formation of the charac-
ter of the people in the place where it is located, the
elevating power of the pulpit, together with the
teachings of a Sunday-school in the giving of correct
tone and purpose to the young, will be found salutary
in every part of the world ; truly radical in its op-
position to vice, immorality and sins against the life
and property of the individual, and strongly con-
servative in all things pertaining to faith and doc-
trine, such a church will materially assist in giving
permanence, stability and peace to all.

For several years previous to the organization of
Baker Memorial Church it had been manifest to all
that something must be done to give additional church
facilities to the increasing Methodist element in this
city ; the old church was small, the vestry accommo-
dations bad and insulficient and the location of the
church was too far from the centre to accommodate
the Methodist families in the south part of the city.
Several attempts were made by some of the zealous
friends of Methodism to have repairs made, — enlarge-
ment of the old house, or a new church built in a
more central part of the city. To this end the Rev.
Alfred E. Drew, then preacher in charge, by a strenu-
ous effort, obtained a subscription of thirty thousand
dollars for a new church, and many felt that relief
was at hand. But some of those who opposed the
measure sought to show that the subscription was
faulty in many particulars, and so earnest and per-
sistent was the opposition on the part of the minority,

I By Lutber P. Duri

that the whole scheme failed, and all other efforts in
every direction met a like fate. But early in the
autumn of 1874 the following agreement was drawn
up and circulated among the people :

" We, the undersigned, members of the 31ethodist Episcopal Church
in the city of Concord, believing that the cause of Christ and the best
interests of Methodism in our city, as well as the pointings of Provi-
dence, demand that a new Methodist Society be established in Concord,
and in order to test the feelings of our people in some tangible form, we
agree that when one hundred or more of the membership of the church
now existing, twenty-five of whom shall be adult male members, shall
sign this agreement, we will ask for letters of dismission from the
first 3Iethodist Episcopal Church for the purpose of forming a new

The requisite one hundred was obtained, and on
the evening of October 30, 1874, they met in Rumford
Hall for the purpose of being organized. At this
meeting, Rev. Theodore L. Flood, presiding eider of
Concord District, officiated, making some appropriate
remarks, setting forth the wishes of Bishop Janes,
after which the people assembled, by a vote, accepted
the conditions, and the church organization com-
menced by the appointment of Maurice W. Prince as
preacher in charge, and he appointed Luther P.
Durgin class-leader.

Immediately the first Quarterly Conference was
held, — Present, Theodore L. Flood, presiding elder;
M. W. Prince, preacher in charge ; Rev. John W.
Merrill, D.D., a superannuated Methodist preacher ;
and Luther P. Durgin, class-leader. L. P. Durgin
was chosen secretary, when the following board of
stewards was nominated and confirmed : Rensselaer
O. Wright, George W. Marden, Robert Ramsdell,
Jacob B. Gage, Henry C. Sanborn, Luther W. Durgin,
A. C. Nash, Charles T. Wason, Hinman C. Bailey.
The following board of trustees were also nominated
and confirmed : Jacob B. Rand, George L. Reed,
Daniel Widmer, Osmore R. Farrar, Charles H. Rus-
sell, Daniel E. Howard, Peter W. Myers, William E.
Hood, Timothy R. Elwell. Additional class-leaders,
Frederick Ruggles, William S. Davis, Alexander
Lane ; treasurer and district steward, Henry C.
Sanborn ; recording steward, George W. Marden
and the usual church committees.

At this first meeting it was voted unanimously to
take the name of " The Baker Memorial Methodist
Episcopal Church," in commemoration of the la-
mented Bishop Osmon C. Baker. AVe think it not
only proper but important to this history to speak
briefly of the life of Bishop Baker. Osmon Oleander
Baker was born in Marlow, N. H., July 30, 1812.
His father, Isaac Baker, M.D., was eminent in his
j)rofession. The bishop entered the academy at Wil-
braham at the age of fifteen ; Middletown in 1830 ;
was principal of Newbury Seminary ; entered the
ministry ; preached at Rochester and Manchester,
and, after one year's service as presiding elder, was
made professor at the institute in Concord, N. H.
In 1852 he was elected bishop at the session of the
General Conference, held in Boston, being the
youngest of the Board of Bishops. For nineteen

CONCOKD.

years he filled the office of superintendent in the
church. Great in head, good in heart, pure in life,
high in position, but humble in spirit, wise in counsel,
yet modest and childlike, not given to show or ego-
tism, he was dearly beloved most where he was best
known — at home. On Wednesday, December 20,
1871, he quietly fell asleep in Him whom he fully
trusted.

And it seemed just, appropriate and timely that a
Methodist Church, organized so soon after his decease,
in the city where so many years of his life had been
spent, — the home of his now bereaved family, — should
have the privilege of perpetuating his memory by a
memorial church, which, it is hoped, will endure
longer than monuments of brass or marble to bless
and gladden the world.

It was voted to organize a Ladies' Benevolent
Society.

The first public service was held in Phrenix Hall
on the Sunday following the organization (November
1st), at 10.30 A.M., and at the close of the morning
service all persons desirous of forming a Sunday-
school were invited to remain. Rev. M. W. Prince
took the chair, and the following persons were elected
officers of the school : President, JIaurice W. Prince ;
Superintendent, Luther P. Durgin ; Assistant Super-
intendent and Chorister, Robert Rarasdell ; Secretary,
Ezra B. Crapo ; Treasurer, Rensselaer O. Wright;
Librarian, Timothy R. Elwell. The persons present
were organized into classes and the work of a Sunday-
school begun.

November 80, 1874, a committee was appointed to
secure a lot, looking to the building of a church. On
the 28th of December of the same year it was voted
to secure the lot on the corner of State and Warren
Streets, — the same that is now occupied by the chapel
and parsonage.

In January, 1876, the church received the offer of
the free use of the chapel on Green Street, the prop-
erty of Theodore H. Ford, Esq., and immediately
transferred its place of worship to that house. This
was the first of very many helps, counsels and finan-
cial assistance received from the same Christian gen-
tleman.

In the spring of 1876 the board of trustees chose
a building committee, and proceeded to erect a chapel
<in the lot on the corn.er of State and Warren Streets,
and on December 21, 1876, the house was dedicated
by suitable services, the Rev. Bradford K. Pierce, of
Boston, preaching the dedication sermon; and the
dedicatory prayer was offered by the venerable Rev.
John W. Merrill, D.D., of this city.

Some incidents of encouragement are worthy of
mention in connection with the history of this
church :

As the stated occasion for the celebration of the
Lord's Supper came for the first time, the church
was without a communion service, and the Unitarian
society, through one of their officers, kindly volun-

teered the use of theirs ; and at the service persons
from nearly all the Christian Churches in the city
were present, making it truly the Lord's table, to
which all that love him were invited. Subsequently
J. B. Stanley, Esq., a member of the Unitarian
Church of Concord, volunteered and did present to
the church a valuable communion service as a memo-
rial of his mother, who was of the Methodist faith.
A fine pulpit Bible and hymn-book were the gift of
Mrs. Jacob B. Rand. The pulpit was made by John
B. Watson, Esq., and presented to the church. The
altar-chairs were the gift of the children of the Sun-
day-school.

The money to meet the various obligations of the
church have all been voluntary offerings. In the
dark days when financial difficulties arose, when
doubt and uncertainty met the church officials
on every hand, friends were raised up, the needed
funds provided and the good hand of the Lord was
plainly visible.

Among the valuable contributions in aid to the
work was the gift of the frescoing of the chapel, by
Rev. M. W. Prince, the preacher in charge.

At the close of the Conference year, in 1877, came
one of those occurrences usual to a Methodist Church,
a change of the pastorate. The relations between
Rev. M. W. Prince and this people were very tender,
and it was with feelings of deepest regret that they
surrendered to the inevitable rule, and bade good-bye
to one that had labored with and watched over this
little branch of God's church very zealously and effi-
ciently, and left it growing and prosperous, with a
membership of one hundred and sixty-one, in full>
and fifteen probationers.

At the beginning of the Conference year the society
welcomed its new pastor, Rev. William Eakins, who
for two years filled the pastorate very acceptably.
During his labors a very profitable revival occurred,
and a goodly number were added to the membership
of the church.

In April, 1879, the church was fortunate in secu-
ring the appointment of Rev. Charles E. Hall as their
pastor.

During the two years of his work on the charge the
Sunday-school was reorganized, and a reduction of
two thousand dollars on the church debt was secured.

At the close of the Conference year, in the spring
of 1881, Rev. C. E. Hall gave notice of his intention
to make a change in his relations to this church,
much to the regret of a large portion of the church
and congregation.

Through the eflbrt of Presiding Elder John W.
Adams, Rev. Charles Parkhurst, of the Vermont
Conference, was transferred and stationed with this
church. Mr. Parkhurst brought many excellent
qualities of head and heart to bear upon the work.
The congregation was enlarged, the Sunday-school
increased, two thousand five hundred dollars of the
church debt canceled and a good spiritual inter-

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

est manifested. But the sickness of his esteemed
companion caused a breaking up of the pleasant
relations that were then existing, and in August,
1882, Mr. Parichurst removed to Washington, D. C,
for the benefit of his wife's health. For twelve
weeks the church was without a regular preacher.
In the latter part of October the Rev. W. M.
Sterling, of Minneapolis, was appointed to supply
the remainder of the Conference year, and did re-
markably good work for the time given him. But
feeling called to return to his old Conference (Maine),
Mr. Sterling declined a very decided vote to remain
another year. On the first Sunday in May, 1883, the
Rev. George W. Norris commenced his labors with
this people. He came with an excellent reputation
as a preacher and man of God, and during his two
years' stay here his previous reputation was more than
realized in building up the spiritual life and power
of the church. In the spring of 1885 he was called
to the office of presiding elder, and Eev. David E.
Miller was transferred from the Vermont Conference,
and is now preacher in charge.

The present condition of the church is as follows :
Church property appraised at sixteen thousand dol-
lars, upon which there is an indebtedness of five
thousand dollars ; church membership, one hundred
and eighty-five in full, nine probationers; a Sunday-
school of two hundred members, with a good and
increasing congregation.

The location of the church property is good, its
field for usefulness large, and with God's blessing it
will fulfill its mission.

The system of voluntary contributions by the peo-
ple, for current expenses of the church, was among
the earliest measures adopted, and has been main-
tained to this day, making it as truly a free church
as any can well be.

A building fund association was organized Febru-
ary 26, 1884, to aid in the erection of a prospective
church edifice.

During the entire history of Methodism woman
has held a prominent place in points of privilege and
duty in her churches, materially assisting in the car-
rying on of all her great enterprises and endeavors to
Christianize the world.

In the department of missions this church has not
been behind her sister churches. October 16, 1877,
the women of Baker Memorial Church united in
forming an auxiliary to the Women's Foreign Mission
Society, which has been increasing in numbers and
efficiency until now.

Mrs. Rachel 0. Badger has filled the responsible
position of teacher of the juvenile class in the Sun-
day-school for nearly eleven years. Mrs. Emily H.
Merrill filled the place of class-leader for a long time.

The Ladies' Benevolent Society has been an im-
portant factor in the various financial enterprises of
the church, and in the promotion of the social ele-
ment in the society.

Women have been very efiScient as collectors of
funds in times of emergency, and foremost in the
various enterprises for spiritual growth and seasons
of revival.

The First Methodist Episcopal Church in Pena-
cook, N. H., was organized October 28, 1847, under
Rev. Silas Quimby as presiding elder and Rev. Eben-
ezer Peaslee preacher in charge, he being the first
regularly appointed Methodist preacher in the place.
For several years after the church was supplied by
students from the Concord Theological Seminary,
after which the following persons have received ap-
pointments to this charge: Revs. Ebenezer Peaslee,
John McLaughlin, Mr. Knajjp, H. Loud, W. D. Cas.',
Mr. Sanborn, D. J. Smith, James Pike, J. C. Emer-
son, D. C. Babcock, Samuel Roy,N. P. Philbrook,N.
Culver, S. P. Heath, W. H. Jones, L. E. Gordon, L.
P. Cushman, H. Woodard, E. R. Wilkins, C. W. Tay-
lor. Of its early members, many have passed away.
They were earnest, faithful men and women, who
dared stand for the truth as they believed it. Its
present membership is about one hundred and sixty.
With a full board of stewards and trustees and a good
church property, they are considered a prosperous
organization, with future years of usefulness. Pastor,
1885, Rev. C. W. Taylor.

First Baptist Church.' — On the 20th of May,
1818, a number of persons residing in Concord, and
belonging to diflerent churches, met at the house of
Richard Swain, in said town, for the purpose of ascer-
taining what degree of fellowship existed among them
in the faith of the gospel, and also to consider what
the prospects were of forming a church agreeable to
the principles and practices of the Apostles of our
Lord.

After a free and full consideration of the first object
before them, the following persons gave to each other
an expression of their Christian fellowship, viz. :
James Willey, John Hoit, Sarah Bradley, Deborah
Elliot, Sally Swain and Nancy Whitney.

Soon after others joined them in fellowship and by
the advice of brethren from the church in Bow, they
being present by invitation, and having well con-
sidered the subject, unanimously recommended the
small band of disciples, fourteen in all, to embody
and organize.

Accordingly, an ecclesiastical council, composed or
members from neighboring churches, assembled at the
house of Rev. William Taylor and there effected the
organization.

The council was composed of the following : Pas-
tors, — Ottis Robinson, of Salisbury; John B. Gibson,
of Weare ; Henry Vesey, of Bow. Deacons, — Cate
and Severance, of Salisbury; Wood and Barnard, of
Weare; Bryant, of Bow. Brethren, — Kensington and
Fifield, of Salisbury; Samuel Gale, of Weare; Cains
and Gile, of Bow.

CONCORD.

Prayer was offered, and the articles of faith adopted
by the brethren seeking recognition, being read and
considered, were approved by the council, and the
body was unanimously declared to be a Church of
Christ duly formed.

The public services were as follows :_ Sermon, by
Elder John B. Gibson ; hand of fellowship, by Elder
Otis Robinson ; prayer, by Elder Henry Vesey.

The church has settled seven pastors. Rev. Wm.
Taylor served for seven years, to 1825, during which
he received thirty into fellowship. The records prove
him to have been a good minister, " a self-sacrificing
man, the very kind needed to lay broadly and strongly
the foundation of a new enterprise." Rev. Nath. W.
Williams followed and served the church five and a
half years, taking in the goodly number of fifty-four.
It was said and recorded " He was a man of God, dis-
creet, humble and spiritual." Rev. E. E. Cummings
followed in 1832 and continued for eighteen years,
during which nearly five hundred came into member-
ship. The long continuance and abundant fruits of
this pastorate must be regarded as especially favored,
as one revival followed another through the very
faithful efforts of all, with God's blessing, and the
community around rejoiced indeed. As many enter-
prises of the church were carried forward under the
leadership of Dr. Cummings, it must be a great pleas-
ure to him, still living in his chosen home in Concord,
at the age of eighty-four, to recall the past and con-
template the present prosperity of his long-time charge.

Rev. C. W. Flanders succeeded as fourth to minister
to the church permanently in 1850, remaining sixteen
years, and i'or the most part they proved to be years
of the right hand of the Lord in our Zion. Revivals
were enjoyed by the church at intervals not distant
and souls saved through his faithful appeals from the
pulpit, and in his pastoral ministrations, tender and
timely, many will rise up in the sanctuary above and
call the dear, good man blessed, while there remain
others here below who yet cherish his memory with
true and deep affection as their spiritual father, their
ready and tender comforter in affliction.

The fifth, Rev. D. W. Faunce, D.D., present pastor
of the E Street Baptist Church, Washington, D. C,
and the sixth, Rev. W. V. Garner, retiring in July,
1884, had each of them about nine years of efficient
service with this church, and are regarded by their
brethren as among the abler preachers in our Baptist
ranks to-day. Rev. Garner has good reports from
his present field of labor at Bridgeport, Conn.

At the present time this church are listening with
attention to the instructions and rejoicing in the min-
istrations of Rev. C. R. Cram, D.D., late of the First
Baptist Church, Boston, with every token of favor
and success in a happy and useful pastorate. The
church has buried eight good and faithful deacons:
Willey, Gault, Crockett, Damon, J. O. Gault, Pres-
cott, Winkley and Elwell, the first in 1853, the last in
1872. The five living and serving during the last

five to thirty years are Brethren Flanders, Norris,
Humphrey, Prescott and Fairbanks.

Number of members reported at last association,
three hundred and two, September, 1884. Whole
number received in sixty-six years, eleven hundred
and ninety.

In conclusion, we should state the fact that the
Pleasant Street Church was formed in 1853, embracing
thirty members dismissed from the parent church,
and if a fair and full report should be made of all that
has been sacrificed and accomplished through the
Divine aid in sixty-seven years, we should have fresh
courage and patience in laboring according to the
plan set forth in Christ's Sermon on the Mount,
(Matt. V. 16) : " Let your light so shine before men
that they may see your good works and glorify your
Father who is in heaven."

Pleasant Street Baptist Church.' — This church
began its career in the spring of 1853. The original
members had formerly been identified with the First
Baptist Church, of which Rev. E. E. Cummings had,
for years, been the successful and beloved pastor.
These brethren, from various causes, feeling that the
time had come for the formation of a new Baptist
interest within 'the city proper, undertook the arduous
task of erecting a new house of worship. This work,
begun and carried on in the midst of peculiar diffi-
culties, was at length completed in January, 1854.

Rev. E. E. Cummings was, at this time, preaching
in Pittsfield. So successful had his labors proved,
and so strong a hold had he secured upon the hearts
of the people in Concord, that they very naturally
and unanimously turned toward him as the man who
should be invited to the pastoral charge of the new
church. Accordingly, an Invitation was extended
and accepted, the new house opened, and Mr. Cum-
mings publicly installed January 11, 1854, at which
time the church, consisting of thirty members, was
publicly recognized. Great prosperity followed the
church under the leadership of Dr. Cummings. For
thirteen years he labored with untiring energy in
this, his second pastorate in the city of Concord. His
wise counsel, his faithful preaching and his devotion
to the people whom he served marked this second
chapter in his history as a minister of the gospel in
New Hampshire as most eventftil. Dr. Cummings
resigned October 6, 1867; but the resignation was not
accepted until April 12, 1868.

On the 18th of May following. Rev. H. G. Safford,
of Amesbury, Mass., received from the church an
invitation to become pastor in the field lately occu-
pied by Dr. Cummings. Mr. Saflbrd's pastorate be-
gan June 7th, and continued seven years and six
months. During his labors, which were highly effi-
cient, the church increased considerably both in
numbers and influence. Sound and logical as a
preacher, thoughtful and sympathetic as a pastor,

' Rev. James K. Ewer.

HISTOKY OF MEERIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Mr. Safford made for himself a host of friends not
only in his own society, but throughout the entire
community. His pastorate ended October 31, 1875.

Following his resignation was an interim of eight
months, when, in March, 1876, a call was extended
to Rev. E. C. Spinney, of the Newton Theological
Institution. Having accepted this call, Mr. Spinney
entered upon his labors in June following. His pas-
torate continued four years, and was eminently suc-
cessful. Called to the church when the membership
numbered one hundred and fifty-five, he succeeded
in greatly augmenting its numerical strength, and
left it, at the close of his pastorate, numbering two
hundred and fifty-eight. Mr. Spinney labored ar-
duously during his four years' residence with this
people, and greatly endeared himself to a large circle
of friends. During his pastorate the house of worship
was thoroughly renovated and beautified, and ren-
dered more attractive and comfortable.

Mr. Spinney resigned April 31, 1880, to take effect
on June 1st following.

On the 11th of July, of the same year, Rev. L. G.
Barrett received and accepted a call to the pastorate-
Mr. Barrett, who had previously preached in Massa-
chusetts and New York, entered upon his labors Sep-
tember 1, 1880, and, after a pastorate of four years,
resigned July 12, 1884, to take effect September 1st
following. Mr. Barrett was an able preacher and an
ardent advocate of temperance reform. He left a
membership of two hundred and seventy-five, the
church having been built up and enlarged in its
efficiency during his term of service.

The present pastor, Rev. James K. Ewer, entered
upon his labors in this field January 1, 1885.

Free-Will Baptist Church.— (See appendix).

Baptist Church, Penacook.— (See appendix).

St. John the Evangelist (Roman Catholic).— It is
impossible to give the exact date when Mass was first
said in this city, but it was probably in about the
year 1845. It was visited occasionally by various
priests, among whom were Rev. Father McDonald, of
Manchester, and Rev. Father O'Donnell, of Nashua.
Very Rev. Father J. E. Barry, V. G., the first resi-
dent priest, came to Concord in September, 1865, and
has remained to the present time. Services were first
held in Phrenix Hall. Father Barry at once started
the movement for the erection of a church building,
which was rapidly pushed forward, and March 13,
1868, the present large and substantial brick struc-
ture was dedicated. The church now numbers about
two thousand souls.

Very Rev. J. E. Barry, V. G., was born in East-
port, Me., in August, 1836. He was educated at Holy
Cross College, Worcester, Mass., and spent nine years
at Sulpician College and Seminary, at Montreal. The
first year of his service in the priesthood he was as-
sistant at the Cathedral in Portland, Me., under Rt.
Rev. D. W. Bacon, D.D., bishop of Portland. Upon
the death of Dr. Bacon, Father Barry became the ad-

ministrator of the diocese. June 10, 1875, he was
appointed vicar-general by Rt. Rev. J. A. Healey,
bishop of Portland. At the time of Father Barry's set-
tlement here there were no Catholic Churches in New
Hampshire north' of Manchester, and his labors prac-
tically extended over the entire northern portion of
the State. Father Barry is untiring in his church-
work, and his sterling qualities and genial, courteous
bearing have won for him hosts of friends, and he is
one of Concord's most honored citizens. He has a
commodious and pleasant residence, adjoining the
church, which is tastefully furnished and replete
with all the conveniences of the age.

St. John the Evangelist Church (Catholic), at
Penacook, was organized in 1854, and the present
church was dedicated in 1868.

CHAPTER III.

COtiCOHB—(Co,uh,ued).
THE PRESS.'

The Concord Herald and Neiv Hampshire Intelli-
gencer, commenced by George Hough, January 6, 1790,
was the first paper printed in Merrimack County. It
was on paper of bluish cast, twenty by fourteen
inches. It was in a year or two enlarged, and ap-
peared as the Courier of Neio Hampshire. It was dis-
continued October 30, 1805. Mr. Hough was one of
the most accurate printers who ever lived in New
Hampshire. He died February 8, 1830, aged seventy-
three.

The Mirrour, by Elijah Russell, was commenced
October 29, 1792. Moses Davis was soon after asso-
ciated with Russell in its publication. No. 130, now
before the writer, is styled The Federal Mirror. May

13, 1799, the paper appeared as The Mirror, the word
Federal being discarded. It was soon after discon-
tinued.

The Republican Gazetteer, by Moses Davis, made its
appearance November 29, 1796. Its dimensions were
seventeen and a half by twenty-three inches. March

14, 1797, it appeared as Bussell & Davis's Republican
Gazetteer. It probably continued but a short time.
The New Star, neither a large nor brilliant luminary,
was issued a short time by the same publishers, in
the year 1797. It was published only irom April 14
to October 3, 1797.

The Republican Gazette, by Elijah Russell, made its
appearance February 5, 1801. The name was after-
wards changed to the American Republican Gazette.
It was the first paper in Concord to advocate the
views of the Jefi'ersonian Republicans. Mr. Davis,
who was associated with Russell in publishing the
Gazette, was at the same time publisher of the Dart-

i The editor acknowledges bis
chapter to tlie lale Asa IlrFarland, also
well, H. H. Jletcalf and George E. Jenks.

month Oazeffe, at Hanover, and espoused the Federal
side, Russell styling Davis the " elbow-chair
editor."

The Concord Gazette, by Hoit & Tuttle, was com-
menced July 12, 1806, and discontinued with the
thirty-seventh number. Mr. Hoit resided in Concord
manj' years, but finally died in Pembroke, December
24, 1854, aged seventy-one. His body was brought to
Concord, and buried in the Old Cemetery, where a
monument was erected to his memory by the printers
of this city.

June 9, 1807, Jesse C. Tuttle resumed the publica-
tion of the Concord Qazette, and continued the paper
until after the close of the war with England, in 1815,
when it passed into the hands of W. S. Spear, and
thence to Spear & Thayer, who continued it until
1819, when it ceased to be published. Mr. Tuttle
died in Concord, December 10, 1834, aged fifty-five.

After leaving the Qazette, Mr. Hoit commenced the
American Patriot, October 18, 1808, which he pub-
lished until April 18, 1 809, when Isaac Hill, who, twelve
days before, had completed a seven years' apprentice-
ship in the office of The Farmers' Cabinet, at Amherst,
became its proprietor, and changed the name to JVew
Hampshire Patriot. Walter R. Hill and Jacob B.
Moore, brother and brother-in-law of Mr. Hill, were
at times associated with him, but Mr. Hill was at all
times its controlling spirit. He was a vigorous writer,
an earnest Democrat, an honest man, who stamped
his character upon the columns of the paper, and
made it a power in the State as an exponent of the
principles of Jefl'ersonian Democracy. Its patronage
increased and its influence extended until it excelled
all other papers in the State, and was recognized
throughout the country as one of the ablest advocates
of Democratic Republican doctrines.

In March, 1829, he received an appointment in the
Treasury Department at Washington, and the paper
passed to Horatio Hill & Co., and April 27th, that year,
their names appeared as publishers, Dudley S. Pal-
mer being editor. July 6, 1829, Cyr^sJBarton, of
Newport, became a member of the firm, and finally
the editor. October 6, 1834, Horatio Hill retired,
and Colonel Barton became sole proprietor. Novem-
ber 21, 1840, Henry H. Carroll became associated
with Colonel Barton in the ownership and manage-
ment of the Patriot. December 9, 1841, Colonel
Barton retired from the establishment, having sold
his interest to Nathaniel B. Baker, who, with Mr.
Carroll, conducted the paper until November 6, 1845,
when Mr. Baker retired, and his associate continued
alone in the paper till his death, August 4, 184(!.
December 3d, same year, William Butterfield became
proprietor of the establishment. May 27, 1847, M/I'k
New Hampshire Patriot was united with the New
Hampshire Patriot, and Willia(ji Butterfield and John
M. Hill became the proprietors. May 18, 1853, Mr.
Hill retired, leaving Mr. Butterfield as the owner
until September 2, 1857, at which time Joseph W.

Merriam became associated with him. This arrange-
ment continued until August 17, 1859, when Mr.
Merriam retired, and Mr. Butterfield was alone until
May 6, 1868, when Mr. Hill re-entered the firm, and
the firm-name was Butterfield & Hill until February
20, 1873, when Edwin C. Bailey purchased the estab-
lishment and continued as proprietor until October,
1878, when it was purchased by the proprietors of
The People, and the two papers were united under the
name of the People and Patriot.

In March, 1883, upon the death of Charles C.
Pearson, who had been the active manager of the
establishment, the paper passed to the proprietorship
and control of John H. Pearson and Lewis C. Pattee,
by whom it was conducted until April 16, 1885, the
direct management being in the hands of Mr. Pear-
son.

It then passed into the hands of the New Hamp-
shire Democratic Press Company, by whom it is now
published.

The People, mentioned above, was established here
June 10, 1868, by John H. and Charles C. Pearson,
under the firm-name of Charles C. Pearson & Co.

The New Hampshire Magazine, probably the first
magazine published in this State, was commenced
June, 1793, in Concord, and discontinued the follow-
ing November. It was a small octavo, each number
containing sixty-four pages. Rev. Martin Ruter,
then a resident of Canterbury, is said to have been
the editor.

Hill's New Hampshire Patriot was commenced
August 14, 1840, and conducted with the zeal and
ability so obvious in the Neiv Hampshire Patriot
during the entire period that journal was in charge
of its founder, Hon. Isaac Hill. In May, 1847, Hill's
New Hampshire Patriot was united with the New
Hampshire Patriot.

The Farmers' Monthly Visitor, commenced by Isaac
Hill, January 15, 1839, and conducted by that gentle-
man several years, was an interesting and useftil pub-
lication, in pamphlet form. Its publication in Con-
cord ceased with the number for December, 1849,
when it was transferred to Manchester.

The New Hampshire Courier was commenced by
Palmer & Odlin, December 14, 1832,— Dudley S.
Palmer, editor. August 8, 1834, it appeared as the
Courier and Inquirer, printed and published by Odlin
& Chadwick, — D. S. Palmer, editor. This paper was
continued under various proprietors until May, 1842,
when it was discontinued; but was revived October
4, 1844, by Augustus C. Blodgett, who had been for u
time one of the proprietors of the Nexu Hampshire
Statesman. January 9, 1846, the Courier was united
with the Concord Gazette, a journal then recently
commenced by Charles F. Low. The connection ot
Mr. Low with the paper ceased October 21, 1846, and
thenceforth, until its union with the Independent
Democrat, May 6, 1847, Mr. Blodgett managed the
paper.

HISTOKY OP MEKRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

The New Hampshire Observer was commenced in
Concord, January 4, 1819, by George Hough, and
was then entitled Concord Observer. March 25, 1822,
it passed into the hands of John W. Shepard, who
changed its name to New Hampshire Bepository. Rev.
John M. Putnam succeeded Mr. Shepard, changing
the name of the paper to New Hampshire Observer.
July 12, 1827, Mr. Putnam sold out to Tobias H.
Miller, of Portsmouth, and the paper was transferred
to that town. It was printed there and at Portland,
Me., under several publishers and editors, until May,
1831, when Edmund S. Chadwick purchased a half-
interest in the paper and returned it to its birth-place.
June 11, 1831, ex-Governor David L. Morrill became
half-owner. August 4, 1833, Charles H. Little pur-
chased the interest of Governor Morrill, and the
Observer was published by Chadwick & Little until
February 6, 1835, when, Mr. Little having died, Rev.
David Kimball became associated with Mr. Chad-
wick, who retired March 26, 1836. January 4, 1839,
the name was changed to Christian Panoply. Jan-
uary 1, 1841, the paper became the property of
David Kimball and Henry Wood, Congregational
clergymen, and the name was changed to Congrega-
tional Journal. After several changes, during which
Rev. Benjamin P. Stone and Benning W. Sanborn
were proprietors, December 25, 1862, its subscribers
were transferred to The Congregationalist and Boston
Recorder. Mr. Stone afterwards issued a small
monthly publication, and continued it two years,
with the title Christian Reporter.

The first number of the Abolitionist, published by
D. D. Fisk and E. G. Eastman, appeared January 24,
1835. After four numbers it was published by Albe
Cady, George Storrs, George Kent and Amos Wood,
and issued as the Herald of Freedom, the first number
being dated March 7, 1835. Joseph Horace Kimball
became editor and Elbridge G. Chase printer. The
connection of Mr. Kimball with the Herald continued
until disease forbade his longer continuance. His
valedictory appeared March 24, 1838, and he died on
the 11th of the following April. N. P. Rogers then
assumed the editorial management, and remained in
that position until, in 1844, a misunderstanding arose
between him and the managers of the New Hamp-
shire Anti-Slavery Society, in regard to the property
in the concern, which resulted in the appointment of
Parker Pillsbury as editor and Jacob H. Ela publish-
ing agent. Their first paper appeared December 20,
1844, and this arrangement continued about one year.
In the mean time Mr. Rogers started another herald
of freedom, with a prefix,— TAe Herald of Freedom.
In this sheet he sustained his side of the controversy.
This paper he continued until near the time of his
death, which took place October 16, 1846.

August 13, 1841, the first number of the People's
Advocate made its appearance, — Alanson St. Clair,
publishing agent; G. J. L. Colby and A. St. Clair,
editors. This was the organ of the political anti-

slavery party in New Hampshire, and in those years
met small encouragement. It seems to have been
printed some time in Hanover, by J. E. Hood ; for in
the report of the Liberty Party State Convention,
held June 5, 1844, it was stated that Mr. Hood had
received no compensation, and was liable for debts
contracted by former publishers to the amount of
three hundred dollars. Nearly two hundred dollars
was contributed at that meeting to discharge this
liability. The paper was probably discontinued in
January, 1844. A little sheet — the Family Visitor —
was commenced at Hanover by Mr. Hood, February
7, 1844, and continued a short time in its place. Mr.
Hood also started the Oranite Freeman, a political
anti-slavery paper, June 20, 1844, and continued the
same until May 1, 1847, when it was united with the
Independent Democrat.

Ihe New Hampshire Statesman ' was founded
by Luther Roby, who moved from Amherst, N. H.,
to Concord, and became its printer and publisher.
Amos A. Parker, in practice of law at Epping, was
engaged to conduct it. The first number bears date
Concord, January 6, 1823. Mr. Roby published the
paper until June, 1823, when his connection with it
ceased. He continued many years in the business of
book-printing, until he abandoned it and engaged in
developing the granite quarrying interest in Concord,
in which he was the pioneer. In the later years of
his life he engaged in the manufacture of glasswares
in Lyndeborough, N. H. He returned to Concord,
where he died February 22, 1883. He was born
January 8, 1801.

June 1, 1823, the Statesman became the property of
Amos A. Parker, its conductor during the five months
of its infancy.

Juue 1, 1824, George Hough commenced and pub-
lished the Concord Beyister, which was edited by
George Kimball. Mr. Parker, October 17, 1825,
tranferred the Statesman property to George Kinrball,
to which he united the "list" of the Register, and
continued the publication of a paper under the united
name of the New Hampshire Statesman and Concord
Begister, the first publication bearing date October
22, 1825. Mr. Parker still lives, and resides in Glas-
tonbury, Conn., at the age of eighty-nine.

December 3, 1825, Thomas G. Wells, publisher of
the Amherst Herald, purchased an interest in the
Statesman and Begister, to which he united the sub-
scription list of the Herald, and the paper was pub-
lished by Kimball & Wells. February 11, 1826, Mr.
Wells sold his interest in the paper to Asa McFar-
land and Moses G. Atwood, and the publishers were
Kimball, McFarland & Atwood. July 29, 1826, Mr.
Kimball disposed of his newspaper property to George
Kent, and the publishers were Kent, McFarland &
Atwood. July 28, 1827, Mr. Atwood conveyed his
interest in the paper to Kent & McFarland, who con-

By George E. Jenka.

CONCORD.

tinued its publication until May 21, 1831, on which
date a paper called the New Hampshire Journal,
established September 11, 1826, by Henry E. &
Jacob B. Moore, was consolidated with the Statesman
and Register. These papers, united, assumed the
title of The New Hampshire Statesman and State Jour-
nal, and became the property of Asa McFarlaud and
George W. Ela, who were its publishers until Janu-
ary 1, 1834. The paper bore this title for twenty
years. George Kent died at New Bedford, Mass.,
November 8, 1884, in the eighty-ninth year of his age.

January 1, 1834, Mr. McFarland sold his interest
in the Statesman and Journal to George W. Ela, who
became sole proprietor and publisher from said date
to May 5, 1838. Mr. Ela then entered into a part-
nership with John W. Flanders, which existed until
July 11, 1840, when Mr. Ela again became sole pub-
lisher to August 14, 1841. From August 14, 1841, to
May 1, 1842, the Statesman and Journ<il was published
by George W. & Jacob Hart Ela. From May 6 to
June 25, 1842, the names of George W. Ela and
Augustus C. Blodgett appeared as its publishers.
From July 1, 1842, to April 14, 1843, the names of
George W. Ela, Augustus C. Blodgett and John P.
Osgood appeared upon the paper as its publishers.
From the last date, for three numbers, no names ap-
peared on the paper as publishers. From May 5, 1843,
to February 23, 1844, the names of John P. Osgood
and Frank S. West appeared as publishers and A. G.
Blodgett as editor. From March 1 to July 18, 1844,
the firm-name of Blodgett & Osgood appeared as
publishers. Mr. Ela is understood to have retained
an interest in the paper from April, 1843, to July 19,
1X44, when it was by him conveyed to George W.
( )dlin & Co. Mr. Ela, now at the age of seventy-seven,
is an active business man, and holds a residence in
Concord.

The firm of George O. Odlin & Co. (John C. Wil-
son and John R. Osgood being the company) began
the publication of the Statesman July 26, 1844, and
continued it until July 4, 1851. Mr. Osgood remained
one of the firm about three years. Asa McFarland
was its political editor to July, 1850, and correspond-
ent, while making a five months' trip in Europe, to
January, 1851.

In July, 1851, Asa McFarland and George E.
Jenks (firm of McFarland & Jenks, book and job
printers) purchased the Staiesmxm and assumed its
publication under the title as above, — Asa McFar-
land, editor. The first publication under said pro-
prietors bears date of July 12, 1851. January 1,
1858, Henry McFarland became associated with the
said firm. January 1, 1868, Asa McFarland retired
from the editorship of the paper, and January, 1869,
the name was changed to The Republican Statesman.
January 1, 1870, Rossiter Johnson purchased Asa
McFarland's interest in the establishment, and the
paper continued to be published under the firm-name
of McFarland & Jenks. to October 1, 1871.

The paper was then purchased by a corporation
known as the " Republican Press Association," who
consolidated with it the weekly Independent Demo-
crat; the same purchase included the Concord Daily
Monitor. The weekly issue of the paper from the
press of this corporation has, since October 1, 1871,
borne the title of the Independent Statesman. Rossiter
Johnson, P. B. Cogswell, George G. Fogg, William
E. Stevens, Allan M. Jenks and Edward N. Pearson
have been members of its editorial corps since Octo-
ber, 1871, and Edward A. Jenks has been its business
manager.

Of those the longest identified with the Statesman,
Asa McFarland was the veteran. His publication of
the paper dates from February 11, 1826, to January
1, 1834, and from July, 1851, to January 1, 1868,—
about twenty-five years. To this term of service may
be added six years as political editor and correspon-
dent while the paper was published by George O.
Odlin & Co. After retiring from active service, he
was a frequent contributor to the columns of the
Statesman to the time of his death, December 13,
1879, in the seventy-sixth year of his age.

George E. Jenks was for more than twenty years a
publisher of the Statesman, and Henry McFarland
fourteen years. George W. Ela was a proprietor of
the Statesman thirteen years, and George O. Odlin
and John C. Wilson each seven years.

Of the men who have, at various times, been en-
gaged in the earlier publication of the Statesman,
there are living, a.d. 1885, Amos A. Parker, now of
Glastonbury, Conn., aged about eighty-nine; George
W. Ela, Concord, seventy-seven; and George O. Od-
lin, Union Grove, 111.

The Statesman came into existence after the decease
of the Federal party, and espoused the cause of Levi
Woodbury as an independent candidate for Governor
against Samuel Dinsmoor. Mr. Woodbury was suc-
cessful against his rival. Subsequently it supported
the Whig party, and became the leading exponent of
its principles; and later, an effective supporter of the
Republican party, when it came into existence in
1856 from the wreck of the old Whig and Free-Soil
parties, and since.

The Independent Democrat was commenced at Man-
chester, May 8, 1845, by Robert C. Wetmore. Subse-
quently it was transferred to Concord, where George
G. Fogg, State Secretary, engaged in its editorial
management, and May 6, 1847, the New Hampshire
Courier, published by A. C. Blodgett, and the Granite
Freeman, published by J. E. Hood, with their sub-
scription lists, were merged with the Independent
Democrat, and Mr. Hood became one of the editors
and publishers of the consolidated journal, under the
name of Tlie Independent Democrat and Freeman.
July 29, 1847, Mr. Wetmore retired therefrom, and
the paper was published by J. E. Hood & Co. Feb-
ruary 22, 1849, Mr. Hood retired from the paper, and
James J. Wiggin became a partner, when the paper

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

again assumed the name of The Independent Democrat,
and appeared published by Fogg & Wiggin.

January 1, 1852, Cyrus Barton, a former publisher
of the New Hampshire Patriot, commenced the publi-
cation of a semi-weekly paper, called the State Cap-
ital Reporter. May 20, 1853, Amos Hadley became
associated with Colonel Barton. A weekly edition of
the Reporter was commenced July 16, 1853, and the
semi-weekly Reporter was discontinued September 5,
1854. Colonel Barton died February 17, 1855, and
Mr. Hadley conducted the establishment until Jan-
uary 8, 1857, when the paper was merged in The
Independent Democrat, which was thereafter published
and edited by George G. Fogg and Amos Hadley.

May 23, 1864, Parsons B. Cogswell and George H.
Sturtevant commenced to publish the Concord Daily
Monitor. October 14th a weekly edition of the Monitor
was published, and continued until January 5, 1867;
but January 20, 1867, The Independent Democrat and
the Monitor establishments were united, and the Con-
cord Daily Monitor and The Independent Democrat
were published by the Independent Press Associa-
tion until October, 1871, when The Independent Dem-
ocrat and Republican Statesman establishments were
consolidated. The combined weekly paper appeared
under the name of the Independent Statesman, and the
daily issue continued under the name of the Concord
Daily Monitor. The new business combination was
incorporated under the style and title of the "Re-
publican Press Association."

Such have been the changes and affiliations of half
a century, through which the Independent Statesman
came into existence October 6, 1871. From this date
there has been no change.

As connected with The Independent Democrat, Inde-
pendent Statesman and Daily Monitor, George G. Fogg
held a service of twenty-seven years. He died October
5, 1881. P. B. Cogswell's service with these papers has
been continuous since May, 1864. Amos Hadley had a
ten years' connection with the Reporter and Democrat.

The Independent Democrat was established to pro-
mulgate the principles of the Free-Soil party. Sub-
sequently, from the consolidation of the opponents of
the Democratic organization into the Republican
party, in 1856, it gave firm support to the new organ-
ization, which embraced the principles of the Free-
Soil party. These two leading papers, the Statesman
and the Democrat, having accomplished their separate
work, are now consolidated in one, to represent the
great principles for which the two so long battled,
side by side, in the city of Concord. Long may its
name be a synonym for the rights of all mankind !

January 5, 1832, the Olive Branch, a small quarto,
issued once a week, made its appearance. It bore
the name of Jacob Perkins, but was discontinued on
the 21st of the following June.

November 21, 1832, Hill & Barton, proprietors of
the New Hampshire Patriot, commenced issuing that
paper in semi-weekly form, which, after trial of a

year and a half, ceased to appear as a semi-weekly
sheet.

The Star in the East and New Hampshire Universalist
was first issued on April 12, 1832, by Kimball &
Adams. It was conducted by Rev. John G. Adams
until August 5, 1837, when it was merged in The
Trumpet, a Universalist paper, published in Boston,
by Rev. Thomas Whittemore ; Rev. Moses Ballon, of
Portsmouth, was assistant editor.

The Balm of Gilead and Practical Universalist was
commenced July, 1842, and continued two years or
more, — J. F. Witherell, 'publisher; C. Philbrick,
printer. It was a small weekly quarto paper, and
advocated the principles of the religious denomina-
tion whose name it bore.

On March 1, 1831, Henry E. and John W. Moore
commenced the Concord Advertiser, but the paper
was soon abandoned, and J. W. Moore, May 10, 1834,
commenced a semi-monthly called The Chameleon,
but that also was short-lived.

Moses Eastman and Albert G. Chadwick, June 16,
1833, commenced, and published more than a year, a
paper styled The Spirit of Enquiry.

The New Hampshire Baptist Register, Rev. Edmund
Worth, editor; Eastman, Webster & Co., publishers,
was issued here several years before and after the year
1834.

Priestcraft Exposed, a semi-monthly publication,
was issued here in 1833, 1834 and 1835 by Hayes &
Kimball, a part of which time it was published in an
enlarged form as The Expositor.

The Literary Oazette, published weekly by D. D.
Fisk, Asa Fowler and Moody Currier, was commenced
August 1, 1834, and published about two years.
Cyrus P. Bradley was also associated for a time with
the paper.

Temperance Herald was the name of a paper pub-
lished by the New Hampshire Temperance Society,
at Concord, and furnished free one year to every
family in the State in 1834 or 1835. E. S. Chadwick
continued the publication of the paper one year alter
the State society relinquished it. Mr. Chadwick also
published the White Mountain Torrent, a temperance
sheet, about three years prior to July 20, 1846, when
it was united with the Massachusetts Temperance Stand-
ard, and published in Boston.

The Loco-Motive, a small semi-weekly paper, was
commenced May 20, 1842, — John R. French, pub-
lisher; George Kent, editor. Only about twenty
numbers were issued.

The Crusader of Reform, commenced January, 1852,
was published about two years by Rev. Daniel Lan-
caster.

Rev. Daniel Lancaster and Charles L. Wheeler com-
menced, early in 1853, and published a few numbers
of a paper bearing the name Norther?), Indicator.

The Undercurrent, a monthly paper, was commenced
November 1, 1848, by Lewis Tower, but was soon
discontinued.

CONCOKD.

The Democratic Standard was commenced June,
1856, by John B. Palmer, and continued until August,
1861, when, on account of its alleged disloyalty, the
office was assailed by a mob, and the printing material
destroyed. Its publication was not resumed. Ed-
mund Burke, of Newport, was understood to have
been a frequent writer for the Standard.

The Monitor, the organ of the Unitarian denomina-
tion in New Hampshire, commenced at Dover in
1831, was removed to Concord May 7, 1834. It was
conducted until May 6, 1835, by a committee of the
Unitarian Ministerial Association. Rev. Moses G.
Thomas occupied the editorial chair at that time, and
conducted the paper until it was discontinued, prob-
ably with the close of Vol. 5, May 20, 1836.

The New Hampuhire Phcenix, a temperance sheet,
conducted by D. & J. Lancaster, was commenced
January 7, 1854. February 10, 1855, E. H. Cheney
appeared as editor and proprietor. It was finally
united with the Weekly Chronicle, at Portsmouth, and
published there by Miller & Gray.

Campaign Papers. — These have been issued by
several concerns, especially previous to the establish-
ment of daily papers in Concord. These sheets had
various titles, of which the following are specimens :
Spirit of the Republican Press, from the office of the
Patriot, in 1829, D. S. Palnier, editor; The Concord
Patriot, by S. O. Dickey, 1835; The Transcript, 1835;
The Adoocate of Democracy, from the office of Hill's
New Hampshire Patriot, 1843, Joseph Kidder, editor ;
The True Whig, D. S. Palmer, editor, 1847 ; The Wil-
mot Proviso, 1848, Frank Barr, publisher; the Rotigh
and Ready, 1847-48, True Osgood, publisher; the
Concord Tribune, Charles L. Wheeler, publisher ; the
Voice of the Stockholders, by E. E. Sturtevant, 1855 ;
and the Tough and Steady, to match the Rough and
Ready.

October 6, 1828, Moore & Patch commenced, but
published only a few weeks, a paper entitled Time's
Mirror. Mr. Moore afterwards published a paper at
Meredith Bridge (now known as Laconia). He died
in Amherst, his native place, February 13, 1837, aged
twenty-eight.

The New Hampshire Workman, devoted to Labor
and Political Eeform, was commenced at Concord,
March, 1870, and continued a short lime. No names
appeared as publishers.

S. G. Noyes publishes a weekly paper in Fisher-
ville, entitled Rays of Light.

The Veterans' Advocate was established January 1,
1884, and is devoted to the interests of the Grand
Army of the Republic. H. F. W. Little and Ira C.
Evans, editors; Ira C. Evans, publisher.

Amateur's Monthly Magazine, 16 pages. Edited and
jiublished by Frank A. Knight; commenced January,
1873, ceased April, 1874.

The Daily Press of Concord.'— The history of the

1 By P. B. CogsweU.

daily press of Concord must necessarily include the
papers which have been published during the sessions
of the Legislature, and in political campaigns, cover-
ing short periods of time usually. Files of most of
these are preserved in the newspaper offices of the
city, and an examination of them will well repay any
person interested in the progress of typography and
journalism.

Hill's Daily Patriot. — The firet prospectus for
a daily paper in Concord was issued by William P. &
John M. Hill, publishers of Hill's New Hampshire
Patriot, May 12, 1841. It provided for the publica-
tion of a paper during the session of the Legislature,
six days in a week, to contain the proceedings of the
Legislature as reported by Governor Hill, assisted by
the publishers, and also the proceedings of Congress,
then in session, having been called together in con-
sequence of the death of President Harrison. Its
terms were two cents a copy, delivered by stage-
drivers and mail-carriers. The first number was
issued June 3d, with a printed page measuring eleven
by seven and a half inches, and presented a neat
typographical appearance. It was continued until
the close of the session, July 3d, making a volume of
twenty-eight numbers. Vol. 2 was published in
1842, beginning January 1st and ending June 24th,
the day of the close of the session, making twenty-
one numbers.

The Daily Patriot was first issued June 2, 1841, by
Barton & Carroll, and was continued through the ses-
sion of the Legislature every morning, except Friday
and Sunday. It was a small folio, the pages twelve by
eight and one-half inches, with three columns of mat-
ter, and the subscription price was twenty-five cents for
the session. The volume closed July 3d with the 24th
number. The volume for 1842 is missing, but it was of
the same size as Vol. 1, and published by Carroll &
Baker. There were two sessions of the Legislature
that year, the first beginning June 1st and ending June
24th, and the second beginning November 2d and end-
ing December 23d. Vol. 4 (probably a mistake) began
June 8, 1843, and ended July 1st, with the 21st num-
ber — Carroll & Baker, publishers. The volume for 1844,
by the same publishers, is numbered Vol. 4, and
covers two sessions of the Legislature, the first be-
ginning June 6th and ending June 19th, with the 12th
number, and the second beginning November 21st and
ending December 28th, with Number 33. Vol. 5, by
the same publishers, beginning June 5, 1845, and
ending July 3d, contains twenty-five numbers.

Vol. 6, beginning June4, 1846, and ending July 10th,
contains thirty-one numbers, and was published by
H. H. Carroll. Vol. 7 appeared in an enlarged form,
four columns to a page, and the pages sixteen by
twelve and one-half inches. It began June 3, 1847,
and ended July 5th, with the 27th number— Buttertield
& Hill, publishers. In 1848 there were two .sessions
of the Legislature and two volumes of the jiaper, —
Vol. 8, beginning June 8th and ending June 24th, con-

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

taining fifteen numbers, and Vol. 9, beginning No-
vember 23d and ending January 5, 1849, containing
thirty-two numbers— Butterfield & Hill, publishers.

In 1849 the paper took tlie name of Legislative Re-
porter, and was published by N. B. Baker, as Vol. 1,
beginning June 7th and ending July 7th, with the
25th number.

Vol. 10 of The Daily Patriot began June 6, 1850,
and ended July 13th, containing thirty-one numbers,
and was published by Butterfield & Hill. During
this year the Constitutional Convention was held, and
the daily is numbered Vol. 12, beginning November
7, 1850, and ending January 4, 1851, with the 36th
number. This volume appears in enlarged form, the
pages measuring nineteen and one-fourth by thirteen
inches, and five columns to a page.

Vol. 13 began June 5, 1851, and ended July 5th, with
the 24th number, with no change in publishers.
Vol. 14 began June 3, 1852, andeuded June 19th, with
the 13th number. This was a Presidential election
year, and the nomination of Franklin Pierce for the
Presidency necessitated better facilities than a weekly
paper afforded for conducting the campaign at his
home, and, therefore, Messrs. Butterfield & Hill de-
cided to issue a daily through the campaign for one
dollar, and Vol. 15 began July 12th and ended Novem-
ber 3d, the day after the election, making ninety-seven
numbers. It was the first paper printed six days in
a week, in this city, except during legislative sessions.
A second session of the Legislature was held the same
year, and Vol. 16 began November 18tli and ended
January 10, 1853, making thirty-seven numbers.

Vol. 17, beginning June 2, 1853, and ending July
2d, with the 24th number, was published by William
Butterfield, as were the seven succeeding volumes,
—viz.. Vol. 18 began June 8, 1854, and ended July
5th, comprising twenty-five numbers. Vol. 19, a cam-
paign paper, published six times a week, began
November 9, 1854, and ended March 10, 1855, com-
prising eighty-six numbers. Vol. 20 began June 7,
1855, and ended July 14th, with the 27th number.
Vol. 21, published as a campaign paper, began
January 9, 1856, and ended March 8th, comprising
forty-three numbers. Vol. 22 began June 5, 1856,
and ended July 12th, with the 24th number. Vol. 23
was published as a Presidential campaign paper from
September 11, 1856, to November 1st, of the same year,
making thirty-three numbers. Vol. 24 began June
4, 1857, and ended June 27th, making only sixteen
numbers.

Vol. 25, beginning June 3, 1858, and ending June
26th, comprising seventeen numbers, was published by
Butterfield & Merriam, as also was Vol. 27, beginning
June 2, 1859, and ending June 28th, with seventeen
numbers. We find no file of Vol. 26, and presume
there was an error in numbering Vol. 27.

Vol. 28, beginning June 7, 1860, and ending July
5th, comprising twenty numbers, was published by
William Butterfield, as also was Vol. 29, beginning

June 6, 1861, and ending July 4th, comprising twenty
numbers.

The publication of The Daily Patriot regularly
through the year was begun January 3, 1868, by But-
terfield & Hill, the volume being numbered 30, and
was continued by them to February 1, 1873, when
E. C Bailey became its proprietor and publisher, and
continued its publication to November 1, 1877, when
it was stopped. During the legislative session of
1878 the paper was published by F. P. Kellom, with
William P. Bailey, editor, beginning June 5th and
ending August 19th, making sixty-four numbers.

During the legislative session of 1879 the People
and Patriot, Vol. 1, was published by C. C. Pearson,
beginning June 5th and ending July 21st comprising
forty numbers. December 1, 1879, the publication of
the paper, under the same title, six issues a week, was
resumed by C. C. Pearson, and continued until Sep-
tember 3, 1881, when it was discontinued. The
People and Patriot was re-established by the Demo-
cratic Press Association, 1885.

Daily People. — Another legislative paper was
the Daily People, published by Charles C Pearson
& Co., a folio sheet, with pages twenty-one by four-
teen inches. Nine volumes were issued, a.s follows :
Vol. 1, from June 1, 1870, to July 1st, comprising
twenty-three numbers. Vol. 2 from June 7, 1871, to
July 18th, twenty-seven numbers. Vol. 3, from June
6,1872, to July 9th, seventeen numbers. Vol. 4, from
June 5, 1873, to July 3d, seventeen numbers. Vol. 5,
from June 3, 1874, to July 10th, twenty-six numbers.
Vol. 6, from .lune 2, 1875, to July 3d, twenty-three
numbers. Vol. 7, from June 8, 1876, to July 21st,
thirty-two numbers. Vol. 8, from June 7, 1877, to
July 21st, thirty-two numbers, and Vol. 9, began June
6, 1878, ending August 20th, with fifty-three numbers.

Daily Democrat and Freeman. — During the
legislative session of 1847 a daily was published by
Wetmore & Hood, called the Daily Democrat and
Freeman. It was a small sheet, eleven by fifteen and
one-half inches, four columns to a page. The first
number was dated June 3, 1847, and the last number
July 5th, and twenty-six numbers were issued.

Daily Independent Democrat. — Dailies were
issued from the Independent Democrat oSice dur-
ing the sessions of the Legislature, as follows ; Vol.

3 began June 7, 1855, and closed July 14th, with prob-
ably twenty-seven numbers. We do not know that a
file of it is in existence, but the files of the weekly
edition contain the proceedings of the Legislature
quite fully, which were taken from the daily. Vol.

4 began June 4, 1857, and ended .Tune 27th, comprising
seventeen numbers. It was published by Fogg &
Hadley. Vol. 5 began June 3, 1858, and ended June
26th, comprising seventeen numbers. Vol. 6 began
June 2, 1859, and ended June 29th, comprising seven-
teen numbers. Vol. 7 began June 7, 1860, and
ended July 5th, comprising twenty numbers. The
size of the pages was twelve and three-fourths by

CONCORD.

nineteen and one-half inches. Vol. 8 began June 6th,
1861, and ended July 5th, comprising twenty numbers.

Daily Statesman. — Vol. 1 of the Daihj States-
mrm was begun by McFarland & Jenks, June 2, 1852,
and ended June 19th, comprising only fifteen num-
bers, the session being a short one. Vol. 2 began
June 8, 1854, and ended July 15th, comprising twenty-
six numbers. Vol. 3 began June 7, 1855, and ended July
14th, comprising twenty-seven numbers. Vol. 4 began
June 5, 1856, and ended July 12th, comprising twenty-
four numbers. Vol. 5 began June 4, 1857, and
ended June 2(lth, comprising sixteen numbers. Vol.
6 began June 3, 1858, and ended June 26th, comprising
seventeen numbers. Vol. 7 began June 2, 1859, and
ended June 28th, comprising seventeen numbers. Vol.
8 began June 6, 1860, and ended July 5th, comprising
twenty numbers. Vol. 9 began June 6, 1861, and
ended July 5th, comprising twenty numbers.

Legislative Reporter.— In 1862 a joint arrange-
ment was made by William Butterfield, of the Patriot,
McFarland & Jenks, of the Statesman, and Fogg &
Hadley, of the Independent Democrat, for the publica-
tion of one daily during the session of the Legis-
lature, under the title of Legislative Reporter. Vol.
1 began June 5, 1862, and ended July 10th, comprising
twenty-five numbers. Vol. 2 began June 4, 1863,
and ended July 1st, comprising twenty-four numbers.
Vol. 3 began June 3, 1864, and ended July 16th. Vol.
4 began June 8, 1865, and ended July 3d, comprising
seventeen numbers. Vol. 5 began June 7, 1866, and
ended July 9th, comprising twenty-one numbers. This
was the last volume issued, the Daily Monitor and
Daily Patriot being published regularly, rendering it
unnecessary for the weekly papers to continue the
publication of a daily solely for the purpose of giv-
ing the legislative proceedings.

There may have been other legislative dailies pub-
lished, but no files of them are in existence to our
knowledge. In 1846 the Granite Freeman and New
Hampshire Courier announced that dailies would be
issued by their publishers for the session, but whether
the promise was fulfilled is more than we know.

Concord Daily Monitor. — Early in the .spring
of 1864 several gentlemen of this city, who felt the
need of a permanent daily paper at the capital of
the State, took steps looking to the securing of that
object. Estimates of expense for an evening paper
were obtained, and a guaranty fund of three thousand
dollars was subscribed by some forty or more gentle-
men interested in the movement, chiefly through the
solicitation of the late Governor Joseph A. Gilmore.
A contract was made with P. B. Cogswell and George
H. Sturtevant, book and job printers, under the firm-
name of Cogswell & Sturtevant, to print and publish
an evening daily, for a fixed compensation, for a
specified number of copies, they to have no editorial
responsibility. On May 23, 1864, the Concord Daily
Monitor made its appearance from the office of Cogs-
well & Sturtevant, and bearing their names as pub-

lishers. The services of the late William S. Robinson,
then clerk of the Massachusetts House of Repre-
sentatives, were secured for a few weeks as editor,
and J. M. W. Yerrinton as legislative reporter. The
paper published full telegraphic reports, and made a
special point of giving news from the New Hamp-
shire soldiers in the field, which helped to increase
its circulation.

It is perhaps needless to say that all the verbal
conditions of the contract for publishing the paper
were broken almost from the start, and the promised
written contract was never furnished. The local
editorial work fell at once upon the senior publisher,
and at the end of six or seven weeks Mr. Robinson
returned to his home, and J. Henry Gilmore, the
private secretary of his father, Governor Gilmore,
assumed the editorial work in part, and continued his
connection with the paper about one year. Of the
subscribed guaranty, only about one-half was ever
collected, and not a dollar of it was ever received by
the publishers. Near the end of August, 1865, the
paper and its accounts were turned over to Cogswell
& Sturtevant, in part payment of their claim for
printing, and they assumed its editorial aud business
management, which they continued until January 2,
1867. During the falls of 1865 and 1866, George A.
Marden, now of the Lowell Courier, and Speaker of
the Massachusetts House of Representatives, was
employed in editorial work on the Monitor, and Wil-
liam B. Smart, now of the Boston Post, for a short
time in the fall of 1864 had charge of the local work.
On January 2, 1867, the Monitor and Independent
Democrat offices were merged under the name of
" The Independent Press Association " for the term
of five years. The association was composed of
George G. Fogg, Amos Hadley, P. B. Cogswell and
George H. Sturtevant, and they continued the publi-
cation of the Monitor and the Independent Democrat,
the Weekly Monitor, which had been published for
fifteen months, being united with the latter paper-
Mr. Hadley retired from the paper after a few
months, and part of his interest was taken by S. C.
Eastman. On January 1, 1868, the Monitor was
enlarged, to accommodate the increasing advertising
patronage. In 1870, Mr. Sturtevant sold part of his
interest to John W. Odlin, and the association con-
tinued without further change until October 1, 1871,
when the Republican Press Association was formed.

Parsons Brainard Cogswell was born in Hen-
niker, N. H., January 22, 1828. His parents were
David and Hannah (Haskell ) Cogswell, who removed
from Gloucester, Mass., to Henniker early in 1815,
and he was the eighth in a family of twelve children.
He was also of the eighth generation of descendants
of John Cogswell, ancestor of the Cogswell family,
who settled in Old Ipswich, Mass., in that portion
now known as Essex, in 1635. His early life was
spent in farming principally, occasionally helping in
his father's blacksmith-shop. His education was ob-

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

tained in the common school and an occasional term
of a few weeks in the academy, until nearly nineteen
years old, when he attended Clinton Grove School
eight months, under the instruction of Moses A.
Cartland, a noted teacher and cousin of John G.
Whittier. In the fall of 1847 an opportunity occurred
for him to gratify a long-felt desire to learn the
printer's trade, and November 29th he entered the
Independent Democrat office, then owned by Hon.
George G. Fogg (afterwards minister to Switzerland
and United States Senator) and Joseph E.Hood (after-
wards on the editorial staff of the Springfield Repub-
lican for many years). In the spring of 1849 he was
employed in the New Hampshire Patriot office, and
continued there for three years, with the exception of
six weeks in the Gloucester Telegraph office at the
close of 1849. In 1852 he entered the employ of
Tripp & Osgood as a book compositor, and so con-
tinued for two years. Later, in March, 1854, in com-
pany with A. G. Jones, he purchased the printing-
office of Tripp & Osgood, and the partnership con-
tinued for some four and one-half years, when he
conducted the business alone for several years. May
23, 1864, in company with George H. Sturtevant, he
started the Concord Daily Monitor, which was the
first permanent daily paper published in Concord,
and has been connected with it ever since, as local,
associate and managing editor, holding the latter
position at the present time. The weekly issue is the
Independent Statesman, and the papers are owned and
published by the Republican Press Association, he
being the second largest owner in the stock of the
same. He was elected a member of the superintend-
ing school committee of Union School District,
which embraces the compact part of the city of
Concord, known as the State-House Precinct, in
March, 1858, and when the Board of Education of
the district was created, in August, 1859, he was cho-
sen for a two-years' term, and has been successively
re-elected since for nine terms of three years each.
For eighteen years he served as financial agent of
the board, and is president of it at the present time,
it being his fourth year of service in that capacity.
He was elected a Representative to the Legislature
from Ward Four in 1872 and 1873, and State printer
in 1881 and 1883, and served as one of the State audi-
tors of printers' accounts and trustee of State Library
for several years. He has been a member of the New
Hampshire Historical Society for many years, four of
which he wiis its secretary ; is a member of the New
Hampshire Antiquarian Society ; was president of
the New Hampshire Press Association in 1872, '73,
'74, '75, and recording secretary of the same since

1876; and is a charter member of the Appalachian
Mountain Club, Boston. He spent nearly a year in
the Old World in 1878-79, and his letters to his
papers were published in an octavo volume of four
hundred and fifty-five pages, under the title of
" Glints from Over the Water."

The Republican Press Association which was
formed Oct. 1, 1871, bought the papers and business of
the Independent Press Association and of the Repxib-
lican Statesman proprietors, and consolidated the
two offices. The publication of the Concord Daily
Monitor has ever since been continued by the Repub-
lican Press Association, and its circulation has yearly
increased, and bids fair to continue to do so in the
future.

At the time of the consolidation of the papers,
George G. Fogg was chosen political editor, Rossiter
Johnson managing editor and P. B. Cogswell local
editor, with Edward A. Jenks business manager.
Early in 1872, Mr. Fogg retired from editorial labor
and from the association, and in October 1st of the
same year Mr. Johnson also retired. No one was
selected to fill his place for a few months, Asa
Fowler, then president of the association, perform-
ing considerable editorial work. In January, 1873,
William E. Stevens became managing editor, and so
continued until the middle of August, 1882, when he
retired to accept the United States consulship at
Smyrna. Allan M. Jenks was local editor during
the absence of Mr. Cogswell in 1878-79, a period of
more than a year. At the present time the editors
are P. B. Cogswell, who has been connected with the
paper from the first number, and Edward N. Pearson.
The Monitor was enlarged for the second time March
28, 1882, and a third time March 15, 1884, when it
commenced a morning edition, also, which was con-
tinued till November 15, the same year.

Of the struggles of the paper during its early
years it is not necessary to speak in detail. Com-
menced, as it was, when war prices ruled in every-
thing, — white paper costing from twenty-seven to
thirty cents a pound, and composition by the piece
reaching a higher price than ever before or since, —
nothing but hard work and a great deal of it carried
it through successfully, and made it the first jierma-
nent daily paper in Concord.

Concord Daily Blade was started by the Blade
Publishing Company September 1, 1880, and discon-
tinued December 7, 1880. Subsequently, the Weekly
Blade was published by E. P. Gerould, lor some time,
when it was suspended, and afterwards resuscitated as
the Concord Tribune, since which it has been pub-
lished in Canaan and Concord.

CHAPTER IV.

CONCORD— (Con«m«e(i).

BANKS, ETC.
Tlie Concord Bank— The Mechanics' National Bank— National State
Capital Bank— First National Bank— The New Hampshire Savings-
Bank— The Jleniniaik County Savings-Bank— Loan and Trust Sav-
ings-Bunk— Penacook Savings-Bank— Count Rumford — Countess of
Kuinford-Tlie Kolfe and Ruinford Asylum— The New Hampshire
Bible Society— Physicians —City Uospital-Fire Department— Water
Works — Penacook — Concord Horse Railroad — Centenarians- Slavery
in Concord— Manufacturing Interests — Miscellaneous.

The first banking institution in this town was the
Concord B.ink, which was incorporated June 18, 1806.
'•Timothy Walker, Caleb Stark, John Bradley, John
Mills, Robert Harris, Ebenezer Peasley, Richard
Aver, William Whittle, William A. Kent, Joshua
Darling, Thomas W. Thompson, Aquila Davis, John
Chandler, Baruch Chase, Joseph Towne and Joseph
Clough and their associates" were incorporated "by
the name of the President, Directors and Company
of the Concord Bank."

In proceeding to organize for the transaction of
business under their charter, special diflBculties were
encountered, growing chiefly, it is said, out of ques-
tions of location and management. Already there was
a "north end" and a "south end" interest. In the
former was Hon. Timothy Walker, and in the latter
Colonel William A. Kent, with whom, respectively,
others took sides, according to their own ideas of
interest. The result, however, was, two banks went
into operation under the same charter, one called the
Upper Bank and the other the Lower Bank, each
claiming exclusively to be the Concord Bank. 01
the Upper Bank, Timothy Walker was first president
and Samuel Sparhawk, from Portsmouth, cashier. 01
the Lower Bank, Joseph Towne, of Hopkinton, was
president, and William A. Kent cashier. For several
years a disagreeable competition existed between
them. On the part of the Upper Bank a run was
made up(m the Lower, for the payment in specie of
their bills. By the Lower Bank, or by persons inter-
ested therein, suits were commenced against the other
for issuing bills contrary to law ; and hence a litiga-
tion as to which was the lawful Concord Bank was
continued for a considerable time. In 1808 one
Nehemiah Jones commenced a suit against Timothy
Walker, containing more than a hundred counts,
which embraced all the questions at issue. In these
suits the late Jeremiah Mason was employed as
Jones' counsel. Tradition says that, after a while.
Mason, perceiving the difficulties of the subject, and
disposed to adjust the matter between the parties,
signified to his client "that as he had got into gentle-
men's company he must expect to pay a gentleman's
])rice." Soon after, the rival banks came to an
agreement, at lea.st so far as to cease from vexing one
another; both obtained credit with the public, and
continued to do business under one charter till the

expiration of twenty years; then the Upper Bank
obtained a new charter and took the name of Merri-
mack County Bank.

The Lower Bank obtained a modification and exten-
sion of its charter in 1826, and continued to do busi-
ness till 1840, when it fiiiled.

The Mechanics' Bank was incorporated July 5,
1834, and charter extended June 22, 1853. Incor-
porators: Peter Renton, Abner B. Kelley, Horatio
Hill, Joseph M. Harper, Nathaniel G. Upham, Abel
Baker, Benjamin Evans, William Low, Joseph Low,
Cyr us Ba rton, Ral; >h Me tcalf, Nathaniel Curtis,
James MTnbt, Arnold Carroll, Moody Kent, Ezra /

Carter, William Richardson, Isaac F. Williams.

Original officers: Nathaniel G. Upham, president;
George Minot, cashier. Original directors : N. G.
Upham, Peter Renton, Horatio Hill, J. M. Harper,
N. Curtis, A. B. Kelley. Original capital, $100,000.

Closed its affitirs, 1865. Last officers: Josiah Mi-
not, president; Charles Minot, cashier.

Minot & Co., bankers (Josiah and Charles Minot)
commenced business January, 1866.

Reorganized as Mechanics' National Bank January
3, 1880. Capital, $100,000. Officers: Josiah Minot,
president; B. A. Kimball, vice-president; James
Minot, cashier. Directors: Josiah Minot, Benjamin

A. Kimball, Joseph B. Walker, Edward H. Rollins,
Chas. H. Amsden, John M. Hill, Sargent C. AVhitaker.

Officers, 1885: B. A. Kimball, president; Joseph

B. Walker, vice-president; James Minot, cashier.
Directors : B. A. Kimball, Joseph B. Walker, Josiah
Minot, Charles H. Amsden, Edward H. Rollins, John
Kimball, John M. Hill.

National State Capital Bank was originally or-
ganized as State Capital Bank January 26, 1853.
The first directors were Samuel Butterfield, Abram
Bean, R. N. Corning, Hall Roberts, Ebenezer Syinmea,
Asa Fowler, Eno^ Blake. Hon. Samuel Butterfield,
president; Edson Hill, cashier. Capital stock, $100,-
000 ; increased to $150,000 August 28, 1854.

Presidents.— ^a.mvie\ Butterfield, to 1860; Hall Rob-
erts, from 1860 to 1862; John V. Barron, from 1862
to 18«&: ^ V- 7 tr

CaMers. — Edson Hill, to 1858; Jonas D. Sleeper,
from 1858 to 1859 ; P. S. Smith, from 1859 to 1865.

January 1, 1862, the capital stock was reduced to
$120,000; January 1, 1863, to $100,000.

The bank was reorganized as National State Capi-
tal Bank January 2, 1865, with the following direc-
tors : John V. Barron, Robert N. Corning, James
Peverly, Jonas D. Sleeper and James S. Norris.
President, John V. Barron ; Cashier, Preston S.
Smith. Capital stock, $100,000 ; increa.sed to $150,-
000 April 17, 1865; to $200,000 May 31, 1872, by
purchiise of bonds and right of circulation of Carroll
County National Bank, at Sandwich, N. H.

John V. Barron, president to 1878; Lewis Down-
ing, Jr.. from 1878 to present time.

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

P. S. Smith, cashier to 1872; Henry J. Crippen,
from 1872 to 1882; Josiah E. Fernald, from 1882 to
present time.

The present directors are as follows: Lewis Dow-
ning, Jr., James S. Norris, Lyman D. Stevens, J.
Everett Sargent, John H. Pearson, John Jones,
Henry J. Crippen.

The First National Bank of Concord was or-
ganized in March, 1864, with Asa Fowler, Enos
Blake, Edw. H. Rollins, William Walker, Banning
W. Sanborn, George A. Pillsbury and Moses Hum-
phrey as directors.

The first president was Asa Fowler, who continued
in ofiice until 1867, when George A. Pillsbury was
elected as his successor.

In March, 1878, Mr. Pillsbury being about to leave
the State for a permanent residence at the West,
resigned his office and A. C. Pierce was elected to fill
the vacancy, which position he occupied until Decem-
ber, 1882, when, at the advanced age of eighty-two
years, he resigned, and William M. Chase was elected
and held the office until January, 1885, when William
F. Thayer was chosen his successor.

Woodbridge Odlin, the first cashier, held his posi-
tion but one month when he resigned to accept the
appointment of assessor of internal revenue. William
W. Storrs was elected to the office, and filled the
position until January, 1874, when he was succeeded
by William F. Thayer.

The present board of directors are Thomas Stuart,
William M. Chase, Solon A. Carter, Charles H.
Roberts, William F. Thayer, William P. Fiske and
E. H. Woodman.

The bank has a capital stock of one hundred and
fifty thousand dollars, and a surplus of nearly the
same amount after having paid dividends of over
three hundred and twenty thousand dollars. The
report of the comptrollor of the currency shows this
bank to have the highest per cent, surplus of any
bank in the State.

William F. Thayer, one of the leading financiers
of New Hampshire, was born in Kingston, N. H.,
March 13, 1846. His grandfather, the Rev. Elihu
Thayer, D.D., was pastor of the church in Kingston
for a period of more than thirty years, and was a
leading and influential citizen of that portion of
Rockingham County. The parents of William F.,
Calvin and Sarah Wheeler (Fiske) Thayer, removed
to Meridan, N. H., in about 1855. William F. re-
ceived his education at Kimball Union Academy, and
in 1865 came to Concord and accepted a position as
clerk in the post-office, Robert N. Corning being at
that time postmaster. He soon became chief clerk,
and remained in that position four years. He then
spent a few months in the West, and upon his return
to Concord entered the counting-room of the Elwell
Furniture Company, where he continued about eight
months. He then became a clerk in the First
National Bank in this city, and his strict integrity,

conservatism and financial ability won for him rapid
promotion in this institution. He was appointed
assistant cashier in 1873, and cashier in 1874. He
remained in this position until January, 1885, when
he was chosen president.

Mr. Thayer is clerk and director in the Contoocook
Valley Paper Company ; director, clerk and treasurer
of the Concord Cattle Company ; director in the
Lombard Investment Company ; treasurer of the city
of Concord since 1879 ; and treasurer of the Concord
Shoe-Factory and of the Hospital Association. He
is a Republican in politics, and a member of the South
Congregational Church. Mr. Thayer is a member of
the Masonic fraternity, belonging to Blazing Star
Lodge and Mount Horeb Commandery.

October 20, 1874, Mr. Thayer united in marriage
with Sarah Clarke Wentworth, daughter of Colonel
Joseph Wentworth, brother of Hon. John Wentworth
of Chicago, and their family consists of two children,
— Margaret and William Wentworth.

Mr. Thayer's career as an officer and manager of
the leading discount bank in the city and State (the
First National) has been remarkable and highly cred-
itable to his ability as a financier. Entering the in-
stitution in 1871, in the subordinate position of clerk,
his faithful and efficient service led to his promotion
to assistant cashier, in 1873, and to the responsible
position of cashier the following year.

His industry, good judgment and pleasing address
won for him the favor of his employers and the patrons
of the bank, and under his management, as its execu-
tive officer, the institution soon attained a leading
position among the national banks of the State.

After ten years' service as cashier he was, in Janu-
ary, 1885, elected to the presidency of the bank, in
recognition of his great ability and eminent fitness
for the position.

There is probably no other instance in the history
of similar institutions in New Hampshire where so
young a man as is Mr. Thayer has won such a position
as he occupies at present, solely upon his merits,
which are universally acknowledged by his associates
and the community where he has made his reputation.

The New Hampshire Savings-Bank was organ-
ized in July, 1830, the incorporators being Samuel
Green, Timothy Chandler, Joseph Low, Nathan Bal-
lard, Jr., Samuel Morrill, Nathaniel Abbott, William
Low, Jonathan Eastman, Jr., Nathaniel Bouton,
Moses G. Thomas and David L. Morril.

At a meeting held the 21st day of July, 1830, the
bank organized with Hon. Samuel Green as presi-
dent, and Samuel Morrill clerk, with a board of
eighteen trustees, viz.: Timothy Chandler, Nathan
Ballard, Jr., Samuel Fletcher, Francis N. Fisk,
Samuel A. Kimball, Jonathan Eastman, Jr., Nath-
aniel G. Upham, Isaac Hill, Richard Bradley, Wil-
liam Low, Robert Ambrose, Ezekiel Morrill, Hall
Burgin, William Gault, Stephen Brown, David
George, William Kent and Richard Bartlett.

CONCORD.

The bank has had six presidents — Samuel Green,
Joseph Low, Francis N. Fisk, Samuel Coffin, Joseph
B. Walker and Samuel S. Kimball — and four treasu-
rers, — Samuel Morrill, James Moulton, Jr., Charles
W. Sargent and William P. Fiske.

The present organization is as follows : President,
Samuel S. Kimball; Treasurer, William P. Fiske;
Trustees: Samuel 8. Kimball, Joseph B. Walker,
Jesse P. Bancroft, Francis A. Fiske, Seth Eastman,
Enoch Gerrish, Sylvester Dana, Moses H. Bradley,
John Abbott, John H. George, Mark R. Holt, Charles
T. Page, John H. Stewart, George H. Marston, Par-
sons B. Cogswell, Oliver Pillsbury, William G. Car-
ter, John C. Thorn.

The deposits of the bank amount to $2,350,000, with
six thousand one hundred and twenty depositors ; a
guaranty fund of $125,000, and an undivided surplus
of $118,000. The bank has paid its depositors, during
the fifty-five years of its existence, $1,343,095.30 in
dividends, and $156,321.32 in extra dividends, the
rate of interest being at four and five per centum per
annum during this period.

The Merrimack County Savings-Bank was in-
corporated July 2, 1867, and organized May 3, 1870.
The first officers were as follows : President, Lyman
D. Stevens ; Vice-President, David A. Warde ; Sec-
retary and Treasurer, John Kimball ; Trustees: John
M. Hill, Abel B. Holt, Woodbridge Odlin, George A.
/ Cummings, Calvin Howe, Moses T. Willard, E. W.
Woodward, William M. Chase, Henry McFarland,
George W. Crockett, Danielgplden, Isaac A. Hill,
Benjamin A. Kimball. Lyman D. Stevens is the
only president, and John Kimball the only treasurer,
from the organization to the present time.

The first deposit was made June 1, 1870, by Isaac
Andrew Hill, of Concord. The amount of deposits,
June 1, 1885, was $797,665.17; the amount of sur-
plus, June 1, 1885, was $60,000.

The present board of trustees are Lyman D. Ste-
vens, William M. Chase, John Kimball, John M.
Hill, AVoodbridge Odlin, George A. Cummings, James
L. Mason, George'W. Crockett, Daniel Holden, Isaac
^ A. Hill, Leland A. Smith, Lysander H~Sarroll, Ben-
jamin A. Kimball, Henry W. Stevens, Charles H.
Amsden.

The present officers are : President, Lyman D.
Stevens; Vice-President, William M. Chase; Secre-
tary and Treasurer, John Kimball ; Teller, Frank P.
Andrews.

Loan and Trust Savings-Bank was incorporated
at the June session of 1872, with the following incor-
porators : J. Everett Sargent, Asa Fowler, George G.
Fogg, William Butterfield, John V. Barron, James
Peverly, Nathaniel White, James S. Norris, Calvin
Howe and others.

Hon. J. Everett Sargent was elected president at
the first meeting of the bank, an<l has held the
office ever since. John V. Barron was first treasurer,
holding the office till 1878.

George A. Fernald treasurer from 1878 to present
time.

The present trustees are J. Everett Sargent, James
S. Norris, Lewis Downing, Jr., John F. Jones, Silas
Curtis, Howard A. Dodge, John H. Barron, George
A. Fernald, Leander W. Cogswell, William K. Mc-
Farland, Paul R. Holden and Howard L. Porter.

Committee of investment, — Sargent, Norris, Down-
ing, Jones and Dodge.

The amount of deposits May 2, 1885, was $1,564,-
828.17.

The amount of assets, same date, was $1,689,758.25.

The Penacook Savings-Bank was incorporated
in 1869. The original incorporators were Isaac K.
Gage, Henry H. Brown, Calvin Gage, Henry H. Ams-
den, John S. Brown, Nehemiah Butler, William H.
Allen, John C. Gage, David A. Brown, Ezra S.
Harris, John Sawyer, Austin G. Kimball, Moses H.
Bean, John S. Moore, John A. Holmes, Healy Morse,
Samuel F. Brown, George Hepler and David Putnam
and associates.

The following were the first board of trustees :
Nehemiah Butler, Henry H. Amsden, Henry H.
Brown, Isaac K. Gage, John C. Gage, John A.
Holmes, John Sawyer, John S. Moore, Ezra 8. Harris,
W. H. Allen, Enoch G. Wood, John C. Linehan,
David Abbott, Moses U. Bean, John S. Brown.

The first meeting to organize was held August 14,
1869. Henry H. Brown was chosen president, and
held the office until his death, in September, 1873.
Isaac K. Gage was chosen president October 13, 1873,
and is the present incumbent.

Samuel F. Brown was chosen treasurer and secre-
tary at the organization of the bank, and has con-
tinued in that capacity to the present time.

The present board of trustees are Isaac K. Gage,
John S. Brown, Charles H. Amsden, Charles E.
Foote, Thaddeus O. Wilson, John A. Coburn, Rufus
D. Scales, Charles H. Sanders, William H. Allen,
John C. Linehan, Nathaniel S. Gale, Charles M.
Rolfe, John E. Rines, Abial W. Rolfe.

In December, 1878, on account of losses by a
failure in the place, also a law-suit pending, the court
ordered a scale down of deposits of thirty per cent.
In July, 1881, fifteen per cent, of scale down was re-
stored to the depositors.

Depo.sitors continued still to withdraw their
deposits, so that in April, 1884, the bank commis-
sioners petitioned the court to appoint an assignee to
close up the bank. The court appointed E. H. Wood-
man and S. F. Brown assignees.

After the scale down of the old account in
1878, a "new account" was opened to those who
wished to deposit, which is operated by the officers
of the bank at the present time ; this new account
has never been large, never exceeding thirty-five
thousand dollars, and is gradually being withdrawn,
the depositors receiving their principal and interest
in full.

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Count Rumford. — A history of this town would not
be complete with the name of Major Benjamin
Thompson (afterwards Count Rumford) omitted.
In 1775 the spirit of liberty ran high, and Major
Thompson seems to have fallen under suspicion of
Toryism, which finally resulted in his flight from the
town. He was a native of Woburn, and in 1775 had
been in Concord about three years engaged in teach-
ing school. He married Sarah, widow of Colonel
Benjamin Eolfe,' and daughter of Rev. Timothy
Walker. In 1774 he received a commission as major
in the New Hampshire militia from Governor
John Wentworth ; but as Governor Wentworth was
known to favor the cause of the crown, the people
became suspicious of Major Thompson because he
held a commission under him. Other slight causes
increased the feeling against him in the minds of his
fellow-townsmen, and he finally left Concord and
placed himself under the protection of General Gage,
in Boston.

His subsequent fortunes (says Dr. Bouton, in speak-
ing of this remarkable personage) are the most
remarkable that ever attended any person whose name
is recorded in our history. Driven by unreasonable
suspicions from his home, his wife and infant child,
forsaking his native country for a foreign service, he
became the associate of princes, the honored favorite
of kings and the commander of armies. As the
promoter and founder of public institutions of learn-
ing and beneficence, his genius shone resplendent
among the literati and philosophers of Europe. His
name, invested with honors which royalty aloue can
confer, is transmitted to posterity as that of the friend
of mankind.

In January, 1770, he was entrusted by General
Gage with dispatches to Lord Germaine, in England,
then Secretary of State for the department of the
colonies. In 1780 he was appointed under-secretary
in that department. Toward the close of the Revo-
lutionary War he obtained the commission of lieuten-
ant-colonel, and was sent to New York in command
of a regiment. In 1784 the King conferred on him
the honor of knighthood. Subsequently he went to
Germany, and at Strausbourg was introduced to Prince
Maximilian, and then to His Serene Highness,
the Elector Palatine, reigning Duke of Bavaria.
From the Elector he received all the honors that
could be conferred, and, among others, that of Count
"of the holy Roman Empire," to which Mr. Thompson
added the title, Rumford, in remembrance of his for-

1 Colonel Benjamin Rolfe was one of tho moBt opulent and influential
of Concord's earliest citizens. He was born in Newbury, Mass., in 1710,
and was graduated at Harvard College in 1727. He came to Concord
soon after its settlement, and from 1731 to 1770 was clerk of tbe proprie-
tary. In 1737 he was made clerk of the Massachusetts and New Hamp-
shire Itoundary comniis.Hion, appointed to determine the line between the
two prt)vinces. He was also for many years town clerk, a colonel of the
provincial militia and a representative in the General Assembly. He
possessed large buBiness capacity, and was ever active not only in his own
affairs, but in those of his town and province as well.

mer residence. Under the patronage of the Elector,
Charles Theodore, he introduced great improvements
in the condition and discipline of the army. At
Munich, in 1790, he suppressed the system of men-
dicity which widely prevailed, and provided houses
of public industry, in which beggars were supported
and required to labor. Two thousand and six hun-
dred of this class were put in in a single week, and
the industrial establishment for them, which at first
was supported by voluntary contributions, came to
yield to the State a net income of one hundred thou-
sand florins. In grateful remembrance of his ser-
vices and benefactions, a monument is erected in
Munich to his honor. Inscribed beneath his bust is
the following :

" To him

Who rooted out the greatest of public evils.

Idleness and Mendicity ;

Believed and instructed the Poor,

And founded many institutions for the education of our Youth.

Go, wanderer.

And strive to equal him

In Genius and Activity ; and us

In Gratitude."

On the other front is inscribed, —

"Stay, Wanderer!

At the creative flat of Charles Theodore,

RUMFOKD, the Friend of Mankind,

By Genius, Taste and Love inspired,

Changed this once desert place

Into what thou now beholdest."

He became almost the object of idolatrous regard
by the poor. At one time, when dangerously ill, they
formed processions, and went to the church to pray
for his recovery. When sick at Naples they devoted
an hour each evening to join in supplications for his
restoration to health. About 1794' he sent to this
country for his daughter, who met him in England,
accompanied him to Munich, and for several years
.ifterwards shared his fortunes. For his services in
Bavaria the Elector settled on him a pension for life
of nearly two thousand dollars, one-half of which
descended to his daughter, as Countess of Rumford,
during her life. Returning to England, he assisted
in putting in operation the society known as the
Royal Institution, in London, about 1799. He after-
wards located himself at Paris, married the widow of
the celebrated chemist, Lavoisier, and with her resided
at Auteuil, on the estate of her former husband,
where he died of fever, August 21, 1814^ in the sixty-
second year of his age.

He bequeathed the annual sum of one thousand
dollars to Harvard College, with other reversions, to
found the Rumford professorship. To the American
Academy he also made a liberal bequ&st.

Sarah, Countess of Rumford, was bom in Con-
cord, October 18,1774. A iioition of her early life
was spent with her paternal grandmother, at Wo-
burn. After the death of her mother, in 1792, she

1 Perhaps as early as 1792.

CONCORD.

went to Europe, at her father's invitation, and was
introduced into the polite and fashionable circles of
Bavaria, of Paris and of London. Between the death
of her father and her own decease she visited this
country two or three times ; but her principal resi-
dence was at Brompton, near London, in a house
which she inherited from her father. A portion of
her time she spent in Paris, where she had funds
invested. In 1845 she returned to the spot where she
was born, to live and — to die. Occasionally the
countess attended public worship at the North
Church, and visited her family relatives and friends,
but spent most of her time in adorning the grounds
about her house. By her habits of strict economy
the property she inherited, together with her pension
of about one thousand dollars, had accumulated to a
very considerable sum at the time of her decease, all
which she disposed of by will, partly to family con-
nections, but mostly for charitable objects, as follows:

To the Rolfe and Rumford Asylum, in Concord,
which she founded, $5000 ; with all her real estate,
appraised at $5000; to the New Hampshire Asylum
for the Insane, $15,000 ; to the Concord Female Char-
itable Society. $2000 ; to the Boston Children's Friend
Society, $2000 ; for the Fatherless and Widows' So-
ciety, Boston, $2000.

Several rare paintings, which she inherited from
her lather, were given to Joseph B. Walker, Esq., of
this city.

The Rolfe and Rumford Asylum was opened for
the reception ot beneficiaries January 15, 1880. Its
benefits are confined to native female children of
Concord.

The germinal idea of this institution may probably
be found in a circumstance which occurred more
than eighty years ago at Munich, in Bavaria, where
Count Rumford, then in the service of the reigning
Elector, was living with his daughter.

One of the most important enterprises which the
count had originated, and carried to full success in
that country, was the establishment of an institution
known as the House of Industry. Through its
agency large numbers of idle beggars had been con-
verted to respectable and self-supporting citizens. It
became very popular, and excited much interest in
all Europe.

To pay her respects to her father, on his forty-
fourth birth-day, the countess called upon him on the
26th of March, 1797, accompanied by a dozen boys
and girls from the House of Industry. The count
was so much affected by this incident that he re-
solved that it should not be forgotten. He made the
countess a present of two thousand dollars in three
per cent, stock of the United States, the income to
be appropriated to clothe, annually, October 23d, for-
ever, twelve poor and industrious children. The
count and countess decided that the place for the
bestowal of this charity should be the town of Con-
cord.

Some correspondence took place with the selectmen
of Concord in relation to the subject, but nothing
further was done during the life-time of the count.
His daughter cherished through life the purpose
of ultimately carrying into efi'ect the original design
of her father, or of establishing some equivalent
substitute for it.

By her will, she gave to it all her real estate and a
cash endowment of fifteen thousand dollars. The
latter, deemed inadequate for the support of the in-
stitution contemplated, has been carefully cared for,
and now forms a fund affording an income sufficient
for its support.

The building thus far used was formerly the man-
sion-house of the Rolfe and Rumford families. In
it the founder was born, October 18, 1774. In it,
after a long and varied life in this country and in
Europe, she died, December, 1852.

About 1764, Colonel Benjamin Rolfe erected on
the west bank of the Merrimack, at the Eleven Lots,
the house now occupied by this institution. For that
time and this locality it was an elegant mansion, and
the best, doubtless, in this section of New Hampshire.
Soon after its completion, wearied of his bachelor
life, he married Sarah, eldest daughter of the town
minister, Rev. Timothy Walker, and set up therein
his household gods. At the time of their marriage
he was some sixty years of age, and his wife about
thirty. They had lived together but two or three
years when Colonel Rolfe died, leaving to his widow
and their only son, Paul, the largest landed estate in
Concord.

The asylum was incorporated as the Rolfe and
Rumford Asylum, July 3, 1872, the following per-
sons being named a body corporate : Joseph B.
Walker, Ebenezer S. Towle, Enoch Gerish, Jesse P.
Bancroft and Francis A. Fisk.

New Hampshire Bible Society.'— The suggestion
to form a Bible Society for the State of New Hamp-
shire was first made at the meeting of the General
Association of Congregational Ministers, at Exeter,
in 1810.

The next year, at the meeting of the same body, at
Dunbarton, it was decided to form such a society. A
committee was appointed to prepare an address to
Christians of all denominations, inviting them to
unite in such an organization, to draw up a constitu-
tion and to call the first meeting of the society.
This meeting was held in Concord, June 3, 1812.
The constitution reported was adopted, and the fol-
lowing officers were chosen : Hon. John Langdon,
president; Rev. Seth Payson, D.D., vice-president;
Rev. John H. Church, secretary; Jonathan Wilkins,
Esq., treasurer; Daniel Emerson, Esq., Rev. Joseph
Smith, Major John Mills, Rev. Reed Page, directors.

The object of the society was " to promote the
more extensive distribution of the Holy Bible." This

I By Rev. F. D.

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

was to be pursued by distributing, gratuitously,
among the destitute and needy, and by selling at re-
duced price to all, Bibles and Testaments.

The method of work adopted, was to carry copies
of the Bible to every home in the State, and offer,
by sale or gift, these to every family.

The conviction from which the work started has
continued it, viz., th.at every individual, every family,
needed the Bible, and, in some way, should have it.

The feeling was that the home and the State could
be safe only as the people were familiar with, and
obedient to, the truths of God's word.

This widespread feeling gave the society at once
the hearty support of the different denominations,
and of the great body of the people. In four years
from its formation, four thousand six hundred Bibles
and one thousand five hundred Testaments had been
placed in the homes of the State. This was more
than it now seems, for the greater part of the State
was new and books expensive.

In 1815 a young man in New Ipswich printed an
edition of the New Testament, five thousand copies,
and the society purchased one thousand copies, which
cost, when bound, fifty cents a copy.

This year Hon. Timothy Farrer received a com-
munication from the president of the New Jersey
Society, proposing a union of the Bible Societies of
the country. There were then one hundred and
thirty local societies.

According to this suggestion, the American Bible
Society was organized May 8, 1816, in New York.

Of this society Bibles were purchased, and to it
surplus funds donated by the State Society.

Rev. Nathan Lord, in the report of this society in
1824, suggested that Ladies' Bible Societies should be
organized, and in a few years there were more than
one hundred in the State, the contributions from
which were not far from one thousand dollars a year.

County Bible Societies were formed as early as 1828.

The American Bible Society voted, in 1829, to
furnish every destitute family in the United States
with a copy of the Bible within two years. This
society heartily joined in that work, and pledged
twelve thousand dollars to aid it. In 1836 it was re-
ported that this society, in the twenty years since the
organization of the American Bible Society, had paid
into its treasury $16,922.18 ;is donations, and $18,-
949.66 for books.

In 1845, Rev. Henry W. Adams was appointed
agent of the American Bible Society for New Hamp-
shire and Maine.

In 1850, Rev. Isaac Willey was chosen secretary,
with instructions to watch over the interests of the
society, and to present its claims at the various pub-
lic meetings of the diflerent denominations in the
State. Rev. Joseph Lane, the secretary for ten years
preceding, ha,d, by great fidelity and industry, pre-
pared the way for the work which Mr. Willey took
up with devotion and energy.

The annual meetings were held in connection with
the General Association of Congregational and Pres-
byterian Churches without dissent till 1852, when it
was proposed to hold them, as mass-meetings, at
Concord. The proposition was not adopted till ten
years later.

Deacon William G. Brown began his work as agent
for the society in 1852, and as agent and superin-
tendent has continued in its service.

Rev. Isaac Willey accepted an appointment as
agent of the American Bible Society for New Hamp-
shire, and began work April, 1853.

This society entered heartily into the second gen-
eral canvass of the whole country, by the American
Society in 1856, and entered vigorously into the sup-
ply of the State, and contributed to the general fund.

This year it was proposed to form county societies
where none existed, and reform such as were ineffi-
cient. Rev. Isaac Willey entered earnestly into this
work, presenting it to the people and arranging for
organization. The plan was to unite all denomina-
tions, organize the work, report methods and the
work done, awaken interest by discourse and discus-
sion and thus give efficiency to the work, and raise
money to carry it on. Fifteen of these societies were
organized, and they continue to be of great aid in
the work, and the meetings are now, often, gather-
ings of great spiritual blessing and power.

The work of supplying the State by visiting every
family in it is steadily pursued. About one-third of
the State is visited yearly, and all the destitute who
will, by purchase or gift, accept a Bible are supplied.
Each canvass of the entire State reports about seven
hundred Protestant families destitute. This work is
now under the charge of the efficient superintendent.
Deacon William Brown, who has had fiiU care of it
since the resignation of Rev. I. Willey as agent in
1873. The faithful labor of Mr. Willey for so many
years in all parts of the State is still fruitful of good,
and the work for years to come will be largely upon
foundations which he laid. He died at Pembroke,
October 25, 1883, aged ninety years. The report of
1871 records the death of Rev. Benjamin P. Stone,
D.D., who was treasurer and depositary of the
society for sixteen years.

The third general canvass of the country, in 1866,
and the one began in 1882, were accepted, as were
the preceding, and this society not only cared for the
State, but generously aided in the general supply.

In this last canvass of this State, just completed,
the superintendent reports : 246 towns visited ; 76,760
families called upon ; 704 Protestant families found
without a Bible; 4143 copies given away; 18,356
copies sold.

At the seventy-third annual meeting, held in Con-
cord June, 1884, it was reported that the receipts of
the society since its organization amounted to $310,-
667.13. It has distributed about five hundred and
twenty-five thousand copies in this State.

CONCOKD.

The present officers are: President, Hon. Edward
Spalding, Nashua; Vice-Presidents, Hon. J.E.Sar-
gent, Rev. Silas Curtis, Rev. Sullivan Holman ;
Directors, Rev. G. W. Norris, John C. Thorn, Moses
B. Smith, A. J. Prescott; Secretary, Rev. F. D.
Aver ; Treasurer and De])ositarj', Hon. John Kim-
liall ; Superintendent, Deacon W. G. Brown; Audit-
iiis, Woodbridge Odlin, Hon. L. D. Stevens.

Physicians. — The first physician in what is now
Concord was Dr. Ezra Carter, who settled here in
about 1740. In 1742 he married Ruth, only daughter
of Captain Ebenezer Eastman, who, at the time of
her marriage, was but thirteen years of age. Accord-
ing to family tradition, their first child was born
l)efore she was fourteen years old. After marriage
Ruth retained her love for childish sports ; and, on
line occasion, the doctor, on returning home, found
his wife playing with other children on the hay-mow.

A Dr. Emery resided here a short time, and
moved to Fryeburg, Me.

Dr. Ebenezek Hander Goss, of Bolton, Mtiss.,
settled in Concord about 1770, and married a daugh-
ter of Rev. Timothy Walker. He lived at the north
end of Main Street, where Mr. Charles Smart resides;
set out the elm-trees before the house ; held important
offices in town; was surgeon in the army under Gen-
eral Stark; a man of eccentric habits; tall, and of
strongly-marked features. He moved to Brunswick,
Me., where he died at an advanced age.

Dr. Philip MacCarrigain, of Scotch descent,
born in the city of New York, 1746; studied medi-
cine in Haverhill, Mass.; came to Concord, 176§;
<lied August, 1806. He married a daughter of the
late Thomas Clough, Esq., of Canterbury. Dr.
( 'arrigain had an extensive practice, and wiis famous
fur surgical skill.

Dr. Peter Green came to Concord in 1772.

Dr. Samuel Adams, from Lincoln, Mass., was a
resident in Concord about 1796.

Dr. G. Gridley w:is in Concord about 1798; mar-
ried a daughter of David George, Esq.

Dr. Zadok Howe, from Franklin, Mass., was in
jiractice in Concord about twelve years prior to 1814,
when he relinquished his business to his partner. Dr.
Thomas Chadbourne, and moved to Boston. He was
distinguished for scientific skill.

Dr. Thomas Chadbourne, son of the late Dr.
William Chadbourne, of Conwaj-, came to Concord,
IS 14; married a daughter of Dr. Peter Green.

Dr. Benjamin Parker, from Bradford, Mas.s.,
was in Concord a short time — not far from 1818. He
lived in a house on Pleasant Street, afterwards owned
by Samuel Fletcher, Esq., where the Baptist Church
stands.

Dr. Alexander Ramsey, a native of Scotland,
delivered lectures on anatomy and physiology in
Concord and other places in New Hampshire from
1808 to 1823. He died at Parsonsfield, Me., 1824.

Dr. Mo.ses Lon.;, a native of Hopkinton, N. H.,
7

commenced practice in Concord East villiige, in
1813. He moved from Concord, 1824.

Dr. Henry Bond was a native of Livermore,
Me.; graduated at Dartmouth College, 1813; was
tutor, 1815 ; received his medical degree in 1817.
He practiced in Concord from 1816 until 1820, when
he removed to Philadelphia.

Dr. Moses Chandler, a native of Fryeburg,
Me., commenced practice in Concord, 1816 ; wiis a
surgeon on board of a privateer that sailed out of
Portsmouth in 1813. He was a tall, stout, athletic
man, and devoted to his profession. He died Sep-
tember 2, 1825.

Dr. Peter Renton came from Scotland and set-
tled in Concord, 1822. His practice soon became
very extensive, both in Concord and neighboring
towns. He removed to Boston in 1843 or 1844,
where he has an extensive and lucrative practice.

Dr. Samuel Morrill, a brother of Hon. David
L. Morrill, came to Concord, 1819, from Epsom,
where he had practiced nineteen years, and held
important offices. In 1826 he received the honorary
degree of M.D. from Dartmouth College; was ap-
pointed justice of the Court of Sessions for the
county of Rockingham, 1821; register of deeds for
the county of Merrimack, 1823, which he held till
1828, when he was elected State treasurer. In 1829
he was chosen treasurer of the New Hampshire
Branch Education Society; in 1830, treasurer of the
New Hampshire Savings-Bank. He was a deacon of
the First Congregational Church.

Dr. Richard Russell resided in Concord about
three years previous to 1824, but spent most of his
life in practice in Wakefield and Somersworth, at
which latter place he died, May 22, 1855, aged about
seventy.

Dr. Elijah Colby, son of Isaac Colby, of Hop-
kinton, N. H., born June 18, 1798; graduated at the
Medical College in Hanover, 1823, and the same
year commenced practice in the East village of Con-
cord. In April, 1838, he moved to New Bedford, Mass.

Dr. Ezra Carter received the medical degree of
M.D. at Bowdoin College in 1824; commenced prac-
tice in 1825, in his native town ; next year he
removed to Loudon; returned to Concord in 1828,
where he has remained in large practice till the
present time. Representative in 1836 and 1837.
He was commissioned justice of the peace in 1837 ;
in 1844 and 1845 was president of the Centre District
Medical Society, and in 1852 president of the New
Hampshire Medical Society. He was father of Dr.
William G. Carter.

Dr. Edward B. Moore, of Lancaster, practiced
in Concord about six months, in 1828.

Dr. Joseph Reynolds came to Concord in 1828.

Dr. Nathaniel Wheat came from Candia to
Concord in 1834, and remained till 1837.

Dr. Josiah Kittredue came to Concord in 1837,
remaining a year or two.

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

De. Robert Lane, of Sutton, came to Concord
about 1837, but remained only a short time. His
daughter married George W. Ela, Esq.

Dr. Thomas Brown was in practice in Concord
from 1831 till 1837.

Dr. Timothy Haynes, a native of Alexandria,
N. H., born September 5, 1810; took his medical
degree at the Jefterson Medical College, in Philadel-
phia, 1836, and immediately after commenced the
practice of medicine and surgery in Concord, where
he resided until his death, a short time since.

Dr. Charles Pinckney- Gage, born in Hopkin-
ton April 5, 1811 ; took his degree at the Medical
College in Cincinnati, Ohio, 1837, and remained in
that city a year, when he came to Concord, where he
still resides in active practice, and is the oldest physi-
cian in the city.

Dr. Henry- O. Stone, from Salem, Mass., had an
office in Concord in 1845, and remained four or five
yeai-s.

Dr. Daniel J. Hoyt studied medicine with Dr.
Peter Renton, and commenced practice in Concord
in 1840 ; next year he removed to Manchester, where
he died July 13, 1847.

Dr. Isaac Colby came to Concord in the fall of
1839, and remained about one year and a half. In
1854 he returned to Concord.

Dr. Mose.s Carter came to Concord, in poor
health, 1842. He had a large experience in small-
pox, and was usually employed as town physician for
persons in that disease. He resided in Concord till
1854, when he moved to Saubornton Bridge.

Dr. Jonathan C. Prescott came to Concord in
1843. He died, after a most distressing sickness, of
disease of the kidneys, February 13, 1844, in the
forty-ninth year of his age.

Dr. Ebenezer G. Moore, a native of Dorchester,
N. H., came to Concord in 1844, where he resided
until his death.

Dr. George Chandler came to Concord, from
Worcester, Mass., in October, 1842, as the finst super-
intendent of the New Hampshire Asylum for the In-
sane, and continued in charge of that institution
until 1845, when he was appointed superintendent of
the State Lunatic Hospital of Massachusetts.

Dr. Benjamin H. Tripp came to Concord in 1843.
He left in 1849.

Dr. William Presc:ott, born in Sanbornton
December 29, 1788. He came to Concord in 1845.

Dr. Moore Russell Fletcher opened an office
in Concord in 1845. Here he remained two years.

Dr. Andrew McFarland was appointed superin-
tendent and physician of the New Hampshire Asylum
for the Insane in August, 1845. In 1850 he made a
tour in Europe, and after his return published an
entertaining volume, called " The Escape." Dr. Mc-
Farland resigned his office at the asylum in 1852,
and in 1854 was appointed superintendent of the
State Lunatic Hospital of Illinois, at Jacksonville.

Db. James F. Sargent, born in Warner July 4,
1810 ; came to Concord 1847.

Dr. Ephraim F. AVilson came to Concord East
village, 1849. In 1854 he removed to Rockville,
Conn.

Dr. William H. Smart was bom in Hopkintou
April 8, 1810 ; came to Concord 1849.

Dr. Edward H. Parker, son of Isaac Parker,
Esq., of Boston, opened an office in Concord 1850 ;
removed to New York.

Dr. Alpheus Morrill, a native of Canterbury,
came to Concord 1849. He was the father of Drs.
Shadrack and Ezekiel Morrill.

Dr. Benjamin S. Warren, a native of Peacham,
Vt. ; graduated at the Medical College in Cincinnati,
Ohio; came to Concord in 1849, and is still iu prac-
tice.

Dr. John Eugene Tyler was superintendent of the
New Hampshire Asylum for the Insane, at Concord ;
was born in Boston December 9, 1819.

WiLLiAJi H. Hosmer graduated from Dartmouth
College in 1838 ; has practiced in Fisherville thirty-
seven years.

C. A. LocKERBY, Dartmouth Medical College, set-
tled here in 1854.

J. P. Bancroft graduated from Dartmouth Medi-
cal College in 1845; was superintendent of the State
Insane Asylum for years.

C. C. ToPLlFF, Fisherville, since 1858.

H. G. McIntire graduated from Harvard Medical
College ; settled here in 1860.

J. H. Gallinger graduated from Ohio Medical
College in 1858 ; settled here in 1862.

S. C. Morrill graduated from Harvard Medical
College in 1862, and has practiced here since.

G. P. Conn graduated from Medical College in
1865 ; settled in 1863.

A. H. Robinson graduated from Yale Jledical
College in 1863 ; practiced here since.

A. H. Crosby graduated from Dartmouth Medical
College in 1857 ; settled here in 1864.

H. B. Tebbets, Harvard Medical College in 1835 ;
not in practice.

J. C. W. Moore graduated from Bowdoin Medical
College in 1865, and has practiced here since.

E. W. Abbott has been here about twenty years.

Moses W. Ru.ssell graduated from Dartmouth
Medical College iu 1863 ; settled here in 1867.

J. W. Varney graduated from University of Ver-
mont in 1841 ; settled here in 1869.

AViLLiAM G. Carter graduated from Harvard
Medical College in 1869, and has practiced here
since.

E. H. Foster graduated iiom Bowdoin Medical
College in 1866 ; settled here in 1872.

F. A. Stillings graduated from Dartmouth Medi-
cal College in 1870; located here in 1872.

E. Morrill graduated from Castleton (Vt.) Medi-
cal College in 1857 ; settled here in 1874.

CONCORD.

George Cook graduated from Dartmouth Medical
College in 18(58 ; located iu Concord in 1875.

B. R. Benner graduated from College of Physi-
cians and Surgeons, New Yorlc, in 1875; was a.ssistant
physician at Insane Asylum.

A. R. Dearborn graduated from Bowdoin Medi-
cal ('ollege; settled here in 1876.

C. R. ^VALKER graduated from Harvard Medical
College in 1877, and settled here soon after.

D. E. Harriman graduated from Dartmouth Medi-
cal College in 1877.

Charles I. Laxe graduated from Hahnemann
Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1878.

E. O. P1ER8ONS graduated from Dartmouth Medi-
cal College in 1878 ; was assistant physician at asy-
lum.

A. E. Emery graduated from University of Ver-
mont in 18(35 ; located in Fisherville in 1879, where
he is still in practice.

Henry M. French graduated from Dartmouth
Medical College in 1878; settled in Concord in 1882.

The following is a complete list of the present
physicians :

E. W. Alibott, Anson C. Alexander, .Tesse P. Bancroft, William G. Car-
ter, Just'iih Chase, Jr., A. P. Cliesley, G. P. Conn, George Cook, A. H.
Crosby, Herbert C. Cummings, Alfred E. Emery, Edward H. Foster,
Henry M. Frenih, C. P. Gage, Jacob H. Galliiiger, John B. Girnuey,

E. E. Graves, Mrs. Lucinda S, Hall, Robert Hall, Fred A. Hoit, \V. H.
Hosmer, S. U. MardeD, Harvey G. Mclntire, Jolin C. W. Moore, Ezekiel
Moj-rill, S. C. Morrill, N. C. Nutting, Abraham H. Robinson, Julia Wal-
lace Russell, Moses W. EuBsell, F. A. StilUngs, Hiram B. Tebbets,
Charles E. Walker, Benjamin S. Warren, Irving A. Watson.

City Hospital. — The iirst meeting of the citizens
of Concord interested in the establishment of a hos-
pital was called July 3, 1884. At a subsequent
meeting the Hospital Association was organized, a
board of officers elected and a committee appointed
to find a suitable location or house for a hospital.
The house situated on the corner of Allison and
Turnpike Streets was eventually leased for that pur-
pose, for a term of two years from October 1, 1884,
with the privilege, during that time or at the expira-
tion of it, of buying the house and land for six thou-
sand dollars.

Early iu October work began upon the premises,
and changes and improvements have been made
since, from time to time, as the necessities of the
hospital required.

The hospital opened October 20th, and nine pa-
tients have been treated since that time.

The present officers are as follows: Oliver Pills-
bury, president; Francis L. Abbot, clerk; William

F. Thayer, treasurer. Trustees: For the term ending
.lanuary, 1886, Henry J. Crippin, P. B. Cogswell,
Mrs. Elizabeth P. Schiitz; for the term ending Jan-
uary, 1887, John A. White, Joseph C. A. Hill, Mrs.
F. C. Stevens; for the term ending January, 1888,
Samuel C. Eastman, Mrs. Mary Stearns, Mrs. Lydia
P. Lund.

Fire Department.— In about the year 1825 the Fire

Department was managed by what were called "fire
wards," appointed by the town, who, on occasions of
fire, bore aloft the distinguishing badge of their office,
a staff five feet long, painted red and headed with a
bright spire six inches long, with a blue ribbon
streaming from the apex. In 1825, and for some
years later, there were only two small fire-engines iu
the main village, one of them called the "Literary,"
which was worked by a brake, six men on each side,
with a hose from twenty to thirty feet in length,
without any suction hose. Among the engine-men of
1827 were Francis N. Fisk, John George, John
Xast, Dr. Moses Chandler, Jeremiah Pecker, Orlando
Brown, Richard Bradley, Robert Davis, Samuel Coffin,
Charles Herbert, Richard Herbert, Luther Roby
(chief engineer, 1827), James Bushnell and S. A.
Kimball.

The present Fire Department is one of the most
efficient in the State. It is under the management ot
the Hon. John M. Hill, than whom there is no more
capable or efficient fire officer in New Hampshire.

The force of the department is as follows: In the
precinct, at the Central Station, two second-class
Amoskeag steamers, — "Kearsarge," with "Kearsarge
Hose" (sixteen men), and "Governor Hill," relief
steamer, with " Eagle Hose " (thirteen men). The
hose-carriages are both of Amoskeag manufacture,
first-class, and drawn by horses. Hook-and-ladder
carriage, "City of Concord" (twenty men). All the
men in these companies are call men. The perma-
nent employes are steward, assistant steward and
three drivers. There are six horses, besides the
steward's horse, always held within reasonable dis-
tance to respond to an alarm.

The "Alert Hose" (twelve men), at the north end,
and the "Good-Will Hose" (twelve men), at the .south
end, are each provided with a horse, kept constantly
at a hack-stable adjoining the hose-houses. The
"Alert" uses a modern department wagon, and the
"Good-Will" a second-class Amoskeag four-wheel
carriage. Each has the swinging harness. The men
are all call men.

The "Pioneer" steamer, at Penacook (thirty men),
is a fourth-class Silsby, with a second-class Amoskeag
hose-carriage. The steamer can be drawn by horses
or by hand, as necessity may require. Horses are
held available.

The "Old Fort," at East Concord, and the "Cata-
ract," at West Concord, are hand-engines, with jump-
el's for hose. Their complement of men is thirty each.

The board of engineers consists of chief and three
assistants in the precinct, and one assistant each at
Penacook, East (Joncord and West Concord. The
entire force numbers one hundred and seventy-five
men.

The following is the list of officers of the depart-
ment for 1885 :

HISTORY OF MEREIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

William W. Allen ; Ward 2, John E. Frye ; Wanl 3, HairiBon Partridge ;
D. B, Newhall, clerk of board : Eben F. Richardson, steward Central
Fire Station and Bupei-intendent fire alarm ; George L. Osgood, assistant
at Central Station.

Kearsarge Steam Fire-Engine and Hose Company, No. 2.— John J.
McNulty, foreman ; Charles C. Blanchard, assistant foreman ; William
C. Green, clerk ; James H. Sanders, engineer and treasurer. Steamer
" Keai-sarge " is a second-class Amoskeag, drawn by double horses.
Hose-carriage is a four-wheel first-class Amoskeag, drawn by single

Eagle Hose Company, No. 1. — Relief steamer " Governor Hill," No. 1,
is assigned to this company, Charles H. Sanders, engineer. John H.
Toof, foreman ; George W. Johnson, assistant foreman ; James Hoit,
clerk and treasurer. Steamer *' Governor Hill " is a second-class Amos-
keag, drawn by double horses. Hose-carriage is a four-wheel first-class
Amoskeag, drawn by a single horee.

Alert Hose Company, No. 2.— Charles A. Davis, foreman ; Henry
Tucker, assistant foreman ; Fred. Leighton, clerk ; Fred. S. Johnson,
freasurer ; Fred. Earl, steward. Hose-wagon is a modern department
wagon of Concord manufacture, — W. S. Davis & Son. It is drawn by
a single horse.

Good- Will Hose Company, No. 3. — William A. Bean, foreman ; John
C. Mills, assistant foreman ; Frank H. Blanchard, clerk ; Samuel D-
McGloughlin, treasurer. Hose-carriage is a four-wheel second-class
Amoskeag, drawn by a single horse.

City of Concord Hook-and-Ladder Company, No. 1.— Andrew L. Lane,
foreman ; Napoleon B. Burleigh, assistant foreman ; Edward E. Lane,
clerk ; Frank T. Bean, treasurer. Hook-aud-ladder truck is of Concord
manufiicture, — Ahhett-Downing Company. It is drawn by double

Pioneer Steam Fire-Engine Company, No. 3, Penacook.— John H.
Eolfe, foreman ; D. Warren Fox, assistant foreman ; John B. Dodge,
clerk and treasurer ; John W. Powell, foreman of hose ; George S.
Locke, engineer ; Enoch E. Rolfe, steward. Steamer " Pioneer " is a
fourth-class Silsby ; hose-carriage is a four-wheel Amoskeag; both drawn
by hand or horse.

Old Fort Engine Company, No. 2, East Concord.— Joseph E. Plummer,
foreman ; Harrison H. Carpenter, assistant foreman ; Clarence E. Rob-
inson, clerk ; John C. Hutcbins, treasurer ; Charles C. Chesley, stew-
ard. Hunnemann five-inch cylinder hand-engine, with hose jumper ;
drawn by hand.

Cataract Engine Company, No. 3, West Concord. — James M. Grossman,
foreman ; Simeon Partridge, assistant foreman ; John E. Gay, clerk
and treasurer ; William A. Martin, foreman of hose ; Abial C. Abbott,
steward. Hunnemann six-inch cylinder hand-engine, with hose jumper ;
drawn by hand.

SUMMARY OF MEMBERS.

IN PRECINCT.

Engineers 4

Steamer and hose members IG

Hose members 37

Hook-and-ladder members 20

Steward, assistant steward and regular drivers (3) . 5

— 82

Engineers 3

Membc'i-a at Penacook 3U

Membel-8 at East Concord 30

Membere at West Concord 30

Total 170

Fisherville (or Penacook, as it i.s now called) is a
thriving village, about six miles from the city, and is
named in honor of the Fishers, who erected the first
mill at this point. It was on an island near here
where Mrs. Hannah Dustin, in 1697, killed and
scalped ten Indians. The following account of this
daring exploit is thus related by Dr. Bouton :

Mrs. Hannah, wife of Mr. Thomas Dustin, was
confined to her bed with an infant child, seven days
old, and attended by a nurse, Mary Nefl'. Hearing
the war-whoo)) of tlie savages as they approached,

Mr. Dustin ran from the field, where he was at work,
to his house, and ordered his children — seven in
number — to flee; while he seized his gun, and finding
it impossible to remove his wife and infant, mounted
his horse and rode after his children — defending them
against the savages, who were in pursuit. Supposing
it impossible to save them all, his first thought was
to catch up one of them — even the oue that he loved
the most — and save that; but he was unable to make
a choice, and, keeping in their rear, he retreated and
fired, sometimes with fatal eifect, till the Indians gave
over their pursuit.

In the mean time a small party of Indians entered
the house, took Mrs. Dustin and nurse prisoners and
set the house on fire. The babe was snatched from
the hands of the nurse, and its brains dashed out
against an apple-tree. Feeble, and with but one shoe
on, Mrs. Dustin was compelled to travel through the
wilderness, in this inclement season, till they reached
the home of her Indian captors, on the island above
named. The Indians on the island were twelve in
number, — two men, three women and seven children,
— and with them an English boy, named Samuel Lan-
nardson, who was taken prisoner about a year before
at Worcester.

After a few days the women were informed by the
Indians that they would soon start for a distant settle-
ment, and when they arrived there would be obliged
to submit to Indian customs, of which one was to
run the gauntlet, naked, between two files of Indians.
On learning this, Mrs. Dustin formed her deadly plan.
She told the boy Lannardson to ask his master tohere
he would strike a man if he wished to kill him in-
stantly, and how he would take off a scalp. The
Indian laid his finger on his temple. "Strike 'em
there," said he, and then instructed the boy how to
scalp. Engaging the nurse and the boy in her plot,
they waited the midnight hour for executing it.
With tomahawks in hand, they struck the fatal blows
on the heads of the Indians as they lay fast asleep.
Ten were killed at once. Mrs. Dustin killed her
master, and Samuel Lannardson dispatched the very
Indian who told him where to strike and how to take
urt" a scalp. A favorite Indian boy was spared, and
one of the squaws whom they left for dead jumped
up and ran into the thicket. Mrs. Dustin, gathering
up what provisions there were in the wigwam, taking
the gun of her dead master and the tomahawk with
which she killed him, and, to prevent pursuit, scutt-
ling the Indian canoes, except one, she embarked in
that, with the nurse and boy Lannardson, on the
waters of the Merrimack, to seek their way to Haver-
hill. They had not proceeded far, however, when
Mrs Dustin, perceiving that they had neglected to
take the scalps, and fearing lest her neighbore—
should .she ever arrive at her home — would not credit
her story, hastened back with her companions to the
scene of death, took off the scalps of the slain, put
them " into a bag, and, with these bloody witnesses

d^^O-^ ^^^u>^r-y\^ ^ (y\x^

CONCORD.

101

of their feat, hastened again on their downward
course to Haverhill. There they safely arrived."
On the 21st of April following, Mrs. Dustin and her
two attendants went to Boston, carrying, as proofs of
their exploit, the gun, tomahawk and ten scaljjs, and
received, as a reward from the General Court, fifty
[lounds, besides many valuable presents from others.

The Dustin Memorial. — On the island at the
mouth of the Ciintdoidok River stands the granite
memorial erected to commemorate this achievement.
The statue was erected mainly through the ettbrts ol
Robert B. Caverly, of Lowell, and E. S. Nutter, of
(.'oncord. The first step to that end was the convey-
ance, by Messrs. John 0. and Calvin Oage, to
Rev. Nathaniel Bouton, E. S. Nutter and R. B.
Caverly, in trust, all of the land lying east of the
Northern Railroad, upon the island, for the purpose
of establishing a memorial. Funds to the amount of
six thousand dollars were raised by subscription. The
statue and pedestal are of Concord granite, after a
design by William Andrews, of Lowell. The sculptors
were Andrew Orsolini, James Murray and Charles H.
Andrews ; the builder. Porter E. Blanchard.

The monument was unveiled June 17, 1874, with
appropriate ceremonies. There was a large gathering
of people. Addresses were made by Rev. N. Bouton,
of Concord; R. B. Caverly, Esq., of Lowell; Hon. G.
\V. Nesmith, of Franklin ; Major-General S. G. Griffin,
of Keene ; D. O. Allen, of Lowell ; Hon. B. F. Pres-
cott, of Epping; Colonel J. H. George, of Concord;
Rev. Elias Nason, of Billerica ; Charles C. Coffin, of
Boston ; Rev. W. T. Savage, of Franklin ; ex-Governor
(inslow Stearns, of Concord, and others. Governor
James A. Weston accepted the deed, in trust, for the
State.

The Concord Horse Railroad.— This road was or-
gaiii/A'd ill ]SS(),aii<l was running in Ai>ril, 1881. The
road was stai't(_-(i with five cars, and now has ten. In
1885 the company added to their stock two steam
nntors, which are designed to supersede the use of
horses. The line extends from South Main Street, or
tlie " South End," as this part of the town is called,
through West Concord to Penacook. Hon. Moses
Humphrey is president and superintendent.

Hon. Moses Humphrey, ex-mayor and one of Con-
cord's leading citizens, was born in Hingham, Mass.,
October 20, 1807 ; son of Moses Leavitt and Sarah
(Lincoln) Humphrey, who were descendants of the
first settlers of that ancient town. He attended the
common schools of his native town until 1821, when
he commenced following the sea, at that time a lead-
ing branch of industry of Southeixstern Massachusetts.
He continued in this occupation twelve yeans, seven
of which he was master of the schooners " Ann " and
" Climax," of Hingham, and other vessels. He then,
in company with his brother, engaged in commerce, —
owning a number of vessels, — the mercantile business
and cooperage on an extensive scale, and the practi-
cal management of the business devolved upon Mr.

Humphrey. He was the originator of the manufac-
ture of "kits" by machinery, and upon his removal
to Croydon, N. H., in 1843, commenced their manufac-
ture, which was continued there until 1851, when he
removed the business to Concord, where he has con-
ducted it to the present time, and from that time to
the present has been prominently identified with the
progress of the city. He was a member of the first
City Council in 1853, and in 1854 was elected presi-
dent of the Council; in 1855 was elected to the
Board of Alderman, and during Mayor Clement's
sickness for several months, Mr. Humphrey was
chairman of the board and acting-mayor. He was
re-elected in 185U. In 1857 was a member of the
House of Representatives, and chairman of the com-
mittee on towns and parishes. In 1860 was elected
president of the Merrimack County Agricultural
Society, and held the position several years. He
was chosen a director in the First National Bank in
1864.

In March, 1861, Mr. Humphrey was elected mayor,
and, in March following, upon the eve of the break-
ing out of the Rebellion, was sworn into office. Presi-
dent Lincoln's first call for troops occurred soon
after, and Mayor Humphrey at once suggested to
Captain Sturdevant, a prominent police officer, that
he recruit a company for immediate service, which
was done, and mustered into the United States ser-
vice as Company A of the First Regiment of New
Hampshire Volunteers. Concord subsequently be-
came the headquarters of the army for the State,
and was also the general recruiting station. Here were
rendezvoused the First, Third, Fifth, Ninth, Elev-
enth, Twelfth, Thirteenth, Fourteenth, Filteenth and
Sixteenth Regiments. This brought together different
elements of society, and devolved great responsibility
upon the head of the city government. The June
session of the Legislature in 1861 passed 'an act
authorizing cities and towns to pay State aid to vol-
unteers. The cities generally appointed agents to
disburse this fund, but in this city the duties were
assumed by Mayor Humphrey, who paid out the
sura of $23,330.29. He discharged the duties of this
trying period with courage and to the welfare and honor
of his adoptedcity. In addition to the duties which
the war devolved upon him, he was also overseer of
the poor, superintendent of highways and bridges,
etc. He was, also, the city's authorized agent for
filling the quotas in 1861, '62 and '65, and, at the
close of his administration in 1862, he had eighty-
two men credited to the city above the quotas. He
was also chairman, in 1863, of the High School
building committee. He was re-elected mayor in
1865.

He was foremost in the movement which resulted
in the rebuilding of the State-Hoase in 1865, and
in the following year he was appointed by tJoveruor
Smyth one of a committee to build the State-House
fence, beautifv the irrouuds, etc. The labor of this

102

HISTORY OF MERKIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

committee, however, chiefly devolved upon Mayor
Humphrey. He was a member of Governor Stearns'
Council in 1869, and was an earnest advocate of the
movement for building the new State Prison, and
also for changing the method of appointment of the
warden, transferring the power from the Legislature
to the Governor and Council. He has also repre-
sented Ward Five in the Legislature, and has been
chairman of the Board of Agriculture since 1870.
Mayor Humphrey is the present president and super-
intendent of the Concord Horse Railroad, and the
success of this enterprise is largely due to his untir-
ing efforts. Although beyond the scriptural age of
three-score and ten, he still retains the vigor and
elasticity of youth. He is a Republican in politics,
and a member of the Universalist Church.

In 1831, Mayor Humphrey united in marriage
with Lydia Humphrey, and they had one daughter,
who died in 1850. Mayor and Mrs. Humphrey cele-
brated their "golden wedding" in 1881.

Centenarians.' — The following is a list of centen-
arians who have died in Concord :

Elizabeth (Abbott) Hazeltine, died February 25,
1834 ; daughter of Nathaniel Abbott, one of the
original proprietors of Concord (then Penacook),
where she was born July 1, 1733.

Mrs. Willey died in Concord April 14, 1847, aged
one hundred years, three months and seventeen days.

Theodosia Smith died in Concord, 1839, aged one
hundred and one years.

Lydia (Goodwin) Elliott died June 24, 1856, aged
one hundred and three years, four months and twenty-
five days; born in Newton, Mass., January 30, 1753.
One of her brothers died at the age of ninety-seven ;
one sister at ninety-nine years and eight months, and
one at ninety-seven ; another was living in Janu-
ary, 1853, at the age of ninety-six ; four of her chil-
dren, seventy grandchildren, one hundred great-
grandchildren, and at least eight great-great-grand-
children were living at her centennial.

Margaret (Sargent) Evans died March 28, 1877,
aged one hundred and one years, eight months and
twenty-one days. She was born in Chester July 7,
1775 ; of her eight children, four survived her, two
of the number being over seventy years of age. She
had been a resident of Concord nearly eighty years.

Slavery in Concord. — In the early days slavery was
not unknown in this section, as the following docu-
ments show :

" CoNcnnD, March 4, 1767.

"Rpcei\-ed of Aniirew MrMil]:iii (h.' -ntii of forty-seven pounds ten
shillinss, lawful money, in lHII . . ii-i^l.riiM.n lor mj* Negro Boy slave
named (:>s,ir, aged iil.iiiit . !,> > n \ ii -, uhi.lj Negro Boy I have this
day sold to said McIMillan, ;iimI i>roiiii-^i> to warrant and defend the
property of said Negro Boy to him, the said McMillan, and his heirs
or assigns forever, against the claims of any other pei-son or pei>sons
whatsoever,

*' In witness whereof I have hereunto set nty hand and seal, the day
au4 date above mentioned. "Benjamin Osgood.

,.„. (Paul Burbeen,

^^"-^^njAMES OSGOOn."

'Contributed by D. V. Secomb.

" Knoiv all Men by these PresenU^

"That I, Patrick Gault, of Chester, in His Majesty's Provijice of
New-Hampshire, in New-England, husbandman, for and in consider-
ation of the sum of twenty pounds, lawful money, to me in hand
before the delivery hereof, well and truly paid by Andrew McMillan,
of Concord, in the Province aforesaid, Esq., the receipt whereof I do
hereby acknowledge, have bargained and sold, and by these presents
do bargain and sell unto him, the said Andrew McMillan, my Negro
Garl, named Dinah, aged about eight yeai-s, to liave and to hold the
said Negro Garl Dinah, by these presents, to him, the Siud Andrew
McMillan, his heirs, administrators and assigns ; and I, the siiid Pat-
rick Gault, for myself, my heirs and administratol-s, shall and will
warrant, and forever defend her, the said Negro Garl, unto him, the
said Andrew McMillan, his heirs, administrators and assigns, against
all the claims and demands of any person or persons wh..m.soever ;
and have put her, the said Negro Garl, into his, the said Andrew
McMillan's, possession, by delivering her nuto him, the said McMil-
lan, at the time of sealing hereof. In witness whereof I have here
unto set my hand and seal, this 24th day of May, and in the eighth
year of His Majesty's reign, A.D, one thousand seven hundred and
sixty-eight.

His
•' Patrick X Gault.

"Billerica, May 2, 1761.
" Knom all Men by these Presents, That I, Hannah Bowers, of B
lerica, widow, have sold unto Lot Colby, of Rumford, in the Provin
of New-Hampshire, a mulatto Negro Boy, named Stiem, and ha
received forty-live shillings sterling, in full consideration for the sa
boy, as witness my hand.

The "Negro Garl Dinah" lived to an advanced
age, and was known as " Mother Osgood."

The "Boy Caesar" died in 1847 or 1848, in the
ninety-second year of his age.

Aaron Stevens had a negro man who was the town
" dog-whipper," it being his office to scourge dogs
out of the meeting-house on the Sabbath, for which
he received a few pennies from such as were disposed
to pay him. The faithful discharge of his office
aftbrded fine amusement for the children during Sab-
bath hours.

Captain John Roach also owned a negro woman.

Deacon Joseph Hall, Sr., had a slave woman who
had two children, one named Lois and the other John
Brown. John was given to Deacon Jonathan Wil-
kius, who married a granddaughter of Deacon Hall.
John was non compos, and gave the deacon so much
trouble that at last he threw him on the town for
support.

At one time John was put to hoeing potatoes
alone; but it was found he skipped over every other
hill. Being asked what he did it for, he said, " So as to
keep up." He was once sent to turn out calves from
the stall, but, not succeeding in unfastening their
yokes, the deacon's hired man turned the calves out
and yoked John up.

Of other slaves in Concord about tliis time, tradi-
tion has preserved some interesting reminiscences.
Ephraim Farnum, grandfather of Moses H. Faruum,
and living on the same spot, owned a black boy
named Cassar.

CONCORD.

Abraham Bradley had a negro slave named Pompey
— commonly called " Pomp " — for whom he paid
thirty bushels of corn. "Pomp" was quite a favorite
in the family. He was the attendant and sort of life-
guard of John Bradley in his boyhood. In his last
will Mr. Bradley gave Pomp to his grandson, John,
and ordered his executor " to take especial care that
my said negro be not wronged by my aforesaid grand-
son in any ways, and if he should wrong him, I give
him power to do him justice." Mr. Bradley also gave
Pomp " the use and improvement of one-half acre of
land," near his dwelling-house, during his natural
life.

Colonel Benjamin Rolfe owned a negro, who, in
1772, when the inventory of Colonel Rolfe's property
was taken, was valued at fifty-five pounds, lawlul
money.

William Coffin, the grandfather of Samuel Coffin,
Esq., owned a negro woman named "Lucy." "Samp-
son," a negro belonging to Archelaus Moore, of
Canterbury, wanted her for his wife, and there was an
agreement that Sampson should work one year for
Mr. Coffin to pay for her. A man's wages at that
time were about forty dollars a year, or the price of a
yoke of oxen. Sampson was a famous fiddler, and
for many years afforded fine fun for frolicsome fellows
in Concord with his fiddle on election days.

Rev. Timothy Walker had three .slaves,— a man
called Prince and two women, Luce and Violet.

Lieutenant Richard Herbert had a slave named
Nancy, who was said to have been born in Bostoii
about 1766, and when nine days old was given to a
man resident in Bow, who, wishing to remove from
the vicinity, brought her to Rumford, and, in 1768,
sold her to Lieutenant Herbert for about five dollars.

Manufacturing Interests. — The Page Belting
CoMi'AXY is u representative establishment. The
goods manufactured by this company have taken
high rank in the commercial world, and branches
for the sale of the goods are now established in
Boston, St. Louis, New York and Chicago. This
company was incorporated in 1872, and has a
capital of two hundred thousand dollars. The offi-
cers are as follows: George F. Page, president;
Charles T. Page, treasurer; George F. Page, Charles
T. Page, Theodore H. Ford, Lyman D. Stevens, John
Abbott, Benjamin A. Kimball, E. G. Wallace, direc-
tors ; Daniel Barnard, clerk of corporation ; L. D.
Stevens, clerk of the directors.

Porter Blanchard's Son.s make the celebrated
" Blanchard Chuck," which has been manufactured
since about the year 1855. The business of chuck-
making, however, has been carried on by the Blan-
chards, fatlier and sons, since 1818.

James B. Hill, a man who, entirely by his own ef-
forts, rose from, the humbler rank of an apprentice
to affluence and social position, and through all the
changing events of an active business life preserved
his integrity unimpeached, well deserves the pen of

the biographer. The life of the late James R.
Hill is a well-rounded example of such a career.
Without the advantages of inherited aid, he worked
the problem of his own fortune and lived to enjoy
the fruition of a successful business career.

Mr. Hill was born in Stratham, N. H., December
17, 1821. He remained in his native town until
1836, when he came with his parents to Concord. He
soon after entered the employ of Abbot & Downing,
and later served an apprenticeship with Greeley
& Morrill, harness-makers. In 1842, in company
with Oliver Greeley, he commenced the harness busi-
ness under the firm-name of Greeley & Hill. A few
years later he purchased Mr. Greeley's interest, and
continued the business as sole proprietor until 1865.
Several times during this period his establishment
was destroyed by fire, but with characteristic energy
the buildings were immediately rebuilt. In the
mean time Mr. Hill had become interested in various
enterprises in the city, which necessarily demanded a
large share of his time, and he was forced to relin-
quish the active management of the harness business,
whereupon the firm of James R. Hill & Co. was
organized, in 1865, consisting of Mr. Hill, George H.
Emery and Josiah E. Dwight ; and the fame of the
" Concord harness," through Mr. Hill's wise foresight
and characteristic energy, became almost a household
word throughout the civilized world, Mr. Hill spend-
ing a large portion of his time daily in the manufac-
tory, giving his personal attention to the business un-
til his decease.

In 1849 he made the first shipment of harness to
California from the East, and in 1853 he made a ship-
ment to Chili.

But it was not solely as a manufacturer that Mr.
Hill made his influence so largely felt in this city.
He amassed a fortune, which was exjiended almost en-
tirely in the building up of the city, thereby adding
largely to its past, present and prospective growth and
advancement. To him, more than to any other man,
the city is probably indebted for its substantial busi-
ness blocks. Among the blocks erected by him were
the State, Columbian and Centennial Blocks, etc., and
lie purchased the Phoenix Hotel property in 1866, and
at the time of his death owned more real estate in this
city than any other person who has ever lived in Con-
cord. For several years previous to his death Mr.
Hill was proprietor of the Phffinix Hotel, and the
present reputation for excellence of this popular hos-
telry is largely due to his judicious management.
Although a Democrat in politics and actively inter-
ested in the success of his party, lie was not a politician
and never sought official rccdiriiition at the hands of
his fellow-citizens. He was <iiii>li;ili(:illy a business
man, and his life was one of steady and active devotion
to business, and his success was the natural result of
his ability to examine and readily comprehend any
subject presented to him, power to decide promptly
and courage to act with vigor and persistency in ac-

104

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMrSHIRE.

cordance with his convictions. At the time of his
death he was a member of the Board of Water Com-
missioners and of Blazing Star I,odge of Masons.

Mr.Hill was twice married, his second marriage being
to Miss Sophia L. Pickering, in 1854, who survives
him. Also five children survived him,— Mrs. Josiah E.
Dwight, by his first wife, and the following by his sec-
ond wife, viz. ; Edson J., manager of the Phcenix
Hotel, Solon P., Joseph C. and Cora, — all residents
of this city. The death of Mr. Hill was a peculiarly
sad one. September 2, 1884, he was thrown from
a carriage in Main Street, Concord, receiving injuries
which, ten weeks later (November 10th), resulted in
death.

The business men of Concord subsequently held a
meeting, to express their respect for the memory ol
Mr. Hill, and Mayor Woodman was chosen to i)re-
side. Upon taking the chair he spoke as follows :

" Fellow-Cilizens,— The occa-siuu wliicli draws us together !s i.no ol
extreme sadness. Our city mourns the loss of one of lier foremost <iti-
zens. and one whose place cannot well be tilled. It is fitting that at
such a time we should withdraw from the ordinary routine of business,
and give a few words in perpetuation of the memory of one to whom
our city and our citizens are so much indebted, and whose death is a

" The comparative suddenness of the death of James K. Hill makes it
impo8sil>le for us fully to realize the importance of the position which
he occupied in this community. It is only a few days since he was with
us, attending to his customary avocations with that energy and earliest-
ness for which he was particularly noted ; to-day he sleeps the sleep that
knows no waking.

"His life was no exception to the rule that nothing comes without
effort, and to his persistent labor and indomitable will we may largclj
accredit his business prosperity. He was, in truth, a self-made man,
and his success has added materially to the growth and adornment "I
our city. The various bu-iiM— M". k- ubich have been erected tbroiigli
his instrnmentality upon .im pun. i|..U .|iirt,~ form enduring niouii.

ished by all who take an iiit. icsi III .111 in

"When we consider how tew of 0111 -1 nn 1 il . h to continue st
largely a local investment of their . .i| 1 ' ii.ni followed bj

our lamented townsman, we see thai n ncparable. Bui

it is not alone for his actual relation- 11 ii tic is mourne(

by those who knew him as a citi/ru ' 1

appreciate his many virtues and rcci..
convictions, earnest purposes and . m
and undemonstrative in manners, and .1- In- 1 .\
demanded his full attention, he did not seek oliii
ties which would have made him a valuable assistant in the administra-
tion of public affairs. His keen perceptions, unyielding courage, busi-
ness sagacity and untiring energy fitted him for any duty which he
could be induced to assume.

"It is in the fullest and sincerest sympathy that I join in the expres-
sions of sorrow and tender tribute to the memory of so good a citizen as
James K. Hill."

John M. Hill, Esq., offered the following resolu-
tions:

"Resulved, That we are deeply sensible of the loss to this comnninity
of our late associate, Mr. James R. Hill, whose connection with the busi-
ness interests of Concord foi a peiiod of moie than forty years, has been
marked with gieat industry, ability and enterprise , and who, struggling
unaided through the adiersities of early life, by force and ciiergi ol
charactei, initiated and de\eloped a laige manufactunng business of
widespread reputation, biiii.,iii_- to lum^Llf i foitune which he ex-
pended almost cutiieh 111 1 I I 1 1 1 mr cit\, thereby .idding
largely to Its paot, pic--( 111 \^ili in 1 .id\ani.enieiit

"Jiesolved, That th. tin I n .1 this meeting be dl-

II, „i, 1,1, III Uiiiili ,.l till deceased with the
s\nipathy and ic^aid "

liend. They

expression (

The resolutions were seconded by several gentle-
men, the first of whom was Hon. J. E. Sargent, who
spoke as follows:

"Mr. Chairman,— I received an invitation from your committee to be
present this evening, and have gladly accepted the invitation. We meet
for the purpose of expressing our respect for the memory of the late
James E. Hill, who died on the 10th day of November instant, at his
home in this city. With the circumstances of peculiar sadness to bis
family and to the public, which attended his death, we are all familiar.
Wc have seen and read a brief biography of him in the daily paper.-,
which I am informed is substantially correct, except that when he m as
a small boy, his father and family moved to Exeter, N. H., where they
lived some dozen years or inure, and moved from there to Concord in
1836 or 1837, when he was about sixteen years old. He has lived in
Concord ever since, and all his business has been done here. He learned
his trade here, and commenced business for himself in 1842. when
twenty-one years of age. I am also informed that since the formation
of the firm, in 1865, of which he was last a member, while giving up
somewhat the management of details, he has, however, had the genera!

time of his injury. Seldom was there a day when he was about home
that he was not at the shop, looking after the business and making him-
self useful.

"One additional statement I wish to make to that in the paper. Mr.
Hill has had six children,— two by his first wife and four by the secourl.
The one not mentioned in the paper was one of the daughters by the
first wife, who died a few years since, the wife of Mr. H. J. Eaton, of
this city, who left three children, who now reside with their father and
who should be mentioned as a branch of the family tree. The biograph-
ical sketch in the paper has told us of Mr. Hill's success in his special
business, and also his success and iuflneuce as a business man generally ;
how much Concord owes him for her substantial business blocks and the
improvements on its main business street, and too much has not been
Siiid in his praise in these particulars. But I do not propose to enlarge
in that direction.

"One subject I think is particularly worthy of mention, and that is
the relations that Mr. Hill always maintained with his help in the shop.
He knew what good work was, and when he found a man that could do
good work and underetood his business, he kept him. He was willing
to pay him such a price that he could afford to stay, and his regular men
became attached to him and he always treated them with great kindness
and respect. There were no strikes among his men. A man that did
not suit him he discharged at once, but if a man suited hun, he was will-
ing to make it for his interest to stay with him. 1 am told that the
relations between him and his workmen have always been of the most
friendly and intimate kind, and this accounts for the fact that such men
as BoUins and Philbrick and Chandler and Everett and Kimball anil
Dunn and Koach and Roers have been in his employ about twenty-five
years each, and some of them more than thirty years, while a large
number of others have been there from twelve to twenty years. This
is the best evidence in the world, not only that these men are good and
faithful men, but also that they had a kind and considerate and worthy
employer, whom they liked and in whom they had confidence.

" I have known Mr. Hill for more than twenty years, more intimately for
the last fifteen yea l-s, siuce I came to Concord to live. Tenyeal-sago I began
to occupy an otBce in his block, and continued its occupancy for five
yeare, was his counsel in several important suits and have ever since been
on terms of intimacy with him. We never exchanged an unpleasant
word. I always found him prompt and ready to do everything as he
:igreed, and nothing would make biiu more angiy than to have a man
whom he bad trusted deceive him and forfeit his word and his honor.
Mr. Hill had his faults, otherwise he would have been more than

"The young men and youth of to-day may profit by his example in
this, that any calling or trade is honorable if it is honest and useful, how-
e\ el laborious, aud whetlier mechanical or agricultural. It is not the
tiade or occupation that makes the man honorable, but the manner in
whith he follows his occupation.

" 'Honor and shame from no condition rise ;
Act well your part, there all the honor lies.'

" When Mr. Hill entered the shop as an apprentice to learn liis trade
how m.any of the boys and young men of his age here in Concord would
h ne been willing to have done the same? They look for sometliing
that they call higher, because it was less laborious, forsooth. But how

/i, Mul

CONCOKD.

105

Hon. John Kimball spoke of the' ivlatioiis whie-h
lie had held with Mr. Hill, as a member of the Board
of Water Commissioners, for several years. He was a
valuable member, taking active and earnest interest
in the business of the board. When it was found
necessary to increase the water-works of the city, he
was among the first to give his support to the en-
largement. Mr. Hill's aim was to build up the city
rather than break it down. He was in favor of the
best thing to be had at a fair and reasonable expense.
He had strong ability to make business, even from
small beginnings, to overcome difficulties and win
success where many other men with the same oppor-
tunities would fail. He had a love for construction
of buildings and of making improvements, and in
gratifying this love he did not remove good buildings,
but built up waste places with new blocks. We are
indebted to his ability, industry and strength of char-
acter for many of the beautiful buildings that adorn
our Main Street.

Mr. Lewis Downing, Jr., said, — •

"Sir. Cbainuau, — lean add only a worti tuwbat bag .already beeu sttid,
hut tbat is sufticient. I first remember Mr. Hill as being at work m a
long, narrow room, in wliat was called the Williams Block, standing on
the site of tbe present MiMcliants' KM-liaiisc, c.r if net in (hat bloi-k, in

a small shop attjoining. ;iii.| ih ii [im-i I., mi. iImh t. i i\ v-us h-.... I
have known him ever h, i, : in- with

and trusts. He, of cour-^c, «;is rrady at al! nin. - ! mik, i u i liar-
gain, and knew how, or be cotild uot have 1< it -n. h i . -nli- .i> !ir has,

and fruni wliich tlie city of Concord lias derive I -' niu. h I lii. Tbe

business in which I have been engitged for tbt'ii.isi r.>i 13 -~r\.ii ^K:my has
been mure or less connected with Mr. HilFs, and perhaps it may uot be
unjust to say, that in all probability, but fur the success of the one, tbe
other would never Itave developctl itself as it has, as the interests of
both were mutual. Tbe foundoi's uf tbe present Ahbott-Dowuing Com-
pany were, however, the pioneers, exploring new countries where car-
I wanted, but the qualUt/ of tbe work, in both
niU sustaiiiiii- his ..wii with marked fidelity, w:i3 tbe

"r...Mi, -n„,Mi,..,„,,.r 1 1.,. 1 „ ^.vatiy

tins time .■\|iifBs ciur ai.].ririation of, and grati-
■ lits colifurred on us by our departed friend, James
assuredly join in parsing the resulutiuus uffered

I tlie %

William M. Chase, Esq., spoke of his relations with
Mr. Hill fur a i)eriod of nearly twenty-one years,
during which time he had occupied his pre.seiit law-
office, as Mr. Hill's tenant. He had seen a good deal
of the man, and he desired to call attention to one
important trait of his character, and that was that
while he was attentive to the greater interests of
business, he wa.s also attentive to the little things,
and was a very hard-working and Intsv man Inim

early morn to night. Everything received its due
attention from him. He has benefited this city not
only by building up fine business blocks, but even
more by establishing and continuing the firm of J. R.
Hill & Co., thus bringing men to our city and giving
them employment, whereby the city was the gainer.

William P. Ford & Co., iron founders, manu-
facture stoves, ranges and agricultural implements, etc.

Ford & Kimball, brass and iron founders, are
doing a large business. This establishment was
founded in 1865. The firm consists of Theodore H.
Ford and Benjamin A. Kimball.

CojjcoRD Machine-Works, Colonel John A.
White, proprietor, were established in 1877. Mtiiiu-
facture wood-working machinery.

Other iron founders are Clapp & Co., Concord
Axle Company, Hobbs, Gordon & Co., N. P. Stevens.

The Prescott Organ Company was incorporated
in January, 1880, with a capital of thirty thousand
dollars. This business is one of the oldest established
of its kind in the United States. It originated in
1836, although the founder had made musical instru-
ments as early as 181-1. The present officers of the
company are A. J. Prescott, president ; George D. B.
Prescott, treasurer ; D. B. Corser, superintendent.

The Concord Axle Company, located at Pena-
cook, was organized in 1880 with a capital of
fifty thousand dollars. Its officers are as follows :
C. H. Amsden, president; D. Arthur Brown, treas-
urer ; Edmund H. Brown, clerk ; Charles H.
Amsden, D. Arthur Brown, E. H. Brown, John
Whittaker, J. C. Pearson, directors. This company
manufactures the original Concord axle.

Concord Granite Quarries. — The quarries of
the celebrated Concord granite are located on Rattle-
snake Hill, which is literally one vast bed of granite.
The superior value of this granite is due to its free-
dom from all mineral impurities, which so often mar
the beauty of this stone.

Among those engaged in this business are Concord
Granite Company, Patrick Crowley, Crowley &
Quinn, Donogan & Davis, Fuller & Co., Asa L. Gay,
Granite Railway Company, Abijah Hollis, M. H.
Johnson, Lyman Knowles, Putney & Nutting, Sargent
& Sullivan.

The Concord Manufacturing Company, of
West Concord, was incorporated in 1873. Cai)ital,
one hundred thousand dollars. Manufacture all-
wool flannels and heavy twilled goods. Capticity,
eighteen thousand five hundred yards per week. A.
W.Sawyer is president; G. F. Blake, clerk; Daniel
Holden, treasurer and sigent; P. R. Holden, supcrin-
teudent.

The Contoocook JIaxufacturing and .Mk-
chanic Company is located in Penacook; maniifac-
turers of print clotlis. Cotton used annually, .i(Mi,-
000 pounds; number of yards of cloth made, l.iiUd.OdO ;
nninber of looms, 163; number of spindles, (!:iOU ;
iiitiiilHT of hands cmpliivcd, aliout 100.

106

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

The Penacook Mill is located in East Canal
Street, Penacook ; John S. Brown, proprietor; manu-
thctures print cloths. Number of pounds ol' cotton
used per year, 525,000 ; number of yards of cloth
made per year, 3,000,000 ; number of looms, 330 ;
number of spindles, 13,064 ; number of hands em-
ployed, 190.

William B. Durgin, manufacturer of solid silver-
ware, commenced this business iu 1854, and it has
grown from small proportions to rank among the
representative establishments of the city.

The Concord Shoe-Factory has a capital of
twenty-five thousand dollars. Its officers are George
A. Cummings, president; W. F. Thayer, treasurer ;
N. E. Martin, clerk ; Oscar V. Pitman, W. G. Shaw,
L. D. Brown, Edward Dow, directors.

The Concord Cattle Company was incorporated
in February, 1883.

The Concord Gas-Light Company was incor-
porated in 1854. Capital, one hundred thousand
dollars. John Kimball, president; Sylvester Dana,
clerk; John M. Hill, treasurer and agent; William
Badger, superintendent; Seth Eastman, John Kim-
ball, John H. George, Josiah Minot, Edward H.
Rollins, Sylvester Dana, Josiah B. Sanborn, directors.

The company has laid more than seventeen miles
of main-pipe. There are about eleven hundred con-
sumers and one hundred and ninety street lights.

Town Accounts. — The following are extracts from
accounts from 1771 to March, 1775 :

£ 8. rf.

" To Abiel Chandler, fur keeping school and surveying for

the parish 55 14 V^

To Jo. Emery, for keeping school u 10

Patrick Guiulon, for keeping school 31 17 6

John Blanchard's order for boarding a school mistress .076
Robert Hogg, for keeping school two years at £30 ... 60

Daniel Abbot, for a wulfs head 10

Dr. E. H. Goss, for taking care of Jacob Pilsbury and

wife ... 2 7 8

Rev. Mr. Timo. Walker, for procuring the incorporation

of Concord 5 5 10

.Joseph Eastman, jr., for a wolf s head 4

Timo. Walker, jr., for a set of measures, 53 crows' heads,
articles supplied Pilsbui-y, and his service as select-
man and clerk 7 1 6

Abiel Chandler, for surveying

Beiy . Emery's order for carrying out a lame man, and his

services as selectman 2 8

1772. To the Kev'd Mr. Timo. Walker, for preaching

from 26th day of Jan'y, 1772, to 26th Jan'y, 1773 . 47 1
To John Kimball, for making 5 staves for the tything

men 6 3

To sundry articles supplied Elizabeth Eiiss and Samuel

Walker 1 7 3

To Noah Parker, for one new weight, and sealing the

To Gilmau West, for making nails for the meeting-house 5 5"
From 1774 to 1776.
" To Abiel Chandler, for surveying roads and taking the

number of the people 3 10

John Kimball, for mending the mceting-hoiiBe, and for

nails for do 13

Andrew McMillan, Esq., for petitioning the General

Court, and assisting in settling Mr. Walker's salary. 6
John Kimball, for a cofRn for the body of Sanmel

Walker li

Timothy Walker, jr., for his bill against the parish the £

Do. for journey to Exeter, to attend the Congress, 5 days
at 6s., travail 13». M

To cash paid John Giddinge, for the support of the dele-
gates at the Continental Congress, as per reu't . . .

Rev'd. Mr. Walker, for three journeys to Exeter, to attend
the Congress

To cash paid John Giddinge, for the support of the dele-
gates, as per rec't

To a horse the above four journeys, at 68

To Ciish paid Mr. John Fowle, for takiug care of Dr.
Carrigiii, when sick of the small pox, as per rec't .

To 711 feet of plank for bridges

Abated Nath'l Chandler Abbot

In 1762 the principal merchant in the new town
(then Rumford) was Andrew McMillan, whose store
was located on the corner of Main and Pleasant
Streets. Illustrative of the price of various com-
modities at that date, the following charges from his
ledger are subjoined :

" Beo. Mi: Timolhij Walker, juiiinr,^ Dr.

Decemb.

To 1 lb, of Coffey

'■ 1 scain of silk

. .

" '%, yd. of bear-skiu, at 8s

" 1^ gall, of wine, at 9»

" y„ gall, of W. I, rum

1763 .

Jan. 10.

" 1 lb. of coffee, by John Colby . . .

•■ 12 PifeB

" 18.

" 1 comb, 20s

uo n

■' 1 quire of post paper, at oO«

" 9.

" 1 pint of braudy, by John Colby, 24s

May.

" 14 a yd- of long lawn, by Judith . .

" 1 handkerchief, by Judith

" 1 Hint W 1. rum

' 1 gall. W. I. rum, by John Colby
' )4 lb. of powder, by John Colby .
" Deacon Farnwn, Dr.

I Sundries brought from old ledger, p.

3-^ gall, and pint of N. E. rum . .
■ 1 ft>. of colTey, at 26s

1 glass of brandy

' 1 qt. of wine, at 258 2 05

■ y„ gall, of brandy 4 10

' 1 pint of brandy 1 04

' 1 glass of brandy 03

■' 2 lbs. of brown sugar, at 14s 1 08

' 1 glass of brandy 04

' \)4 gall, of brandy, at 9s 4 10

• 1^ ft. of raisons 1 00

' 5 pare of men's gloves, at 50s 12 10

' 2 pare of woman's bla«k do., at 50s. . . . 5 00

1 pare of woman's white do 2 13

' 3 yds. of hat crape, at 60s 7 10

' Coiitra. Jlumford, January 15, 1763.

B brought from old ledger .

Jan. 21. Tosundriesbroughtfronip.il 402

" 22. " }i gall, of brandy 4

1 .Vfter Timothy Walker, Jr., was licensed to preach, September 11,
17.i9, ho remained in Concord, and was a while in company with Andrew
McMillan.

CONCORD.

107

[

Jan. 2-Z. '• 14 g!ill. of bmluly 4 H)

'• -It). " J^ gall, of bmndy 4 Hi

" 27. " J^ gall, of lirandy 4 Hill

" ■IS. •' 14 gall, of brandy 4 10 (1

" 29. " 14 gall, of branily 4 10

*' 31. " J.^ gall, of brandy (for nn^dicine ?).... 4 10

" .5 lbs. of sugar 2 l(i

" S. " 5 nots of thread, at :is l."»

" " " 15 sht-els of paper, at Is. tid (10 (I

" " " I/2 gall, of snakerut 4 05 n

'■ 11. ■' J^gall. of W. I. rum 3 IKI

" ■' " ^ y:all. of clove water 3 15

•' 12. " 14 gall, of W. I. rum, half a dollar ... 3 00 I)

"John Chmidkr, Dr.

1705. f s. d.

June 13. To 4 buttons I (10

" 34 bowl of tody 07

5Iar. 11. " II4 yds. of blue broad cluth, ITS 25 10

" 2 doz. buttons, at 308 3 00

" 8 jacket do 1(1

" 1^ yds. of blue caniblet G 00

*' 1 qt. of mm, at 24.-*., and 2 bowlsof tody . 2 12 U

July 22. " 1 gall, of W. I. rum, 6s (J 00

"Rev. Timolhij IK.iKer, hi:

1763. £. g. d.

Dec. 9. To the balance of your account 26 15

" 3 yds. of red shoe-binding, by Judith . . 09

Dec. 8. " 1^ lb. of chalk, at 40s 2 10 U

" " " 2 qts. rum 3 000

1764.

Jan'y 2. " % lb. of pepper, ISs IS

Feb'y 2. " 1 quart of \V. I. ruui, 35s 1 15

" " " K of buckram 12

" 16. " 1 gall, of W. I. mm, by Mr. Tim. ... 6 00

Juue 2. " i/^ yd. of cambrick, by Judith, at lis. . 1 08

" " *' 1 punch bowl, at 15s 15

'* " " Ky*l' of giiuze, and to i/^slcein of silk. 1 04 (1

Aug. 9. " sundries paid Mr. Paul Burbecn .... 50 00
' 11. " 1 gallon of rum, at Us 6 00 0"

Concord Railroad, — The first passenger depot ot
the Concord Kaih'oad was erected in 1849. The pre-
sent depot building was completed in 1885, and is a
large and commodious brick structure, and is supplied
with all the modern improvements.

The Penacook Academy was established in 1866.
Hon. William H. Gage generous!}' contributed a
larg(> lot (it land, and the school was opened No-
vemlit'r 6, ISOii, the same year. The first board ot

instruction (. sisted of j\I. Weed, A.M., Mrs. Mary

A. Weed and Miss Eliza T. Moore.

The New Hampshire Historical Society' was
lormcd al l'(irtsni(iiith, May 20, 1823. The number
ot' original members was thirty-one, of which George
Kent, Esq., the last survivor, died at New Bedford,
Mass., in the winter of 1884-85.

,\m act of incorporation was passed by the Legis-
lature .lune 13, 1823, and the first meeting of the
members under its provisions was held in the council
chamber in the State-House on the evening of the
same day, when a constitution was adopted. A code
of by-laws was adopted at a meeting held at E.veter
September 17, 1823.

The object of the society is to discover, procure

I By D. F. Seconib.

and preserve whatever relates to the natural, civil,
literary and ecclesiastical history of the United
States in general and the State of New Hampshire
in particular.

John Farmer, Esq., the noted antiquarian, historian
and genealogist, was one of its original members,
and to his e.Kertions a.s its corresponding secretary
much of its early success is due.

Hon. William Plumer was its first president; his
successors have been Levi Woodbury, in 1825 ; Icha-
bod Bartlett, 1826 ; Salma Hale, 1830 ; Matthew Har-
vey, 1832; Charles H. Atherton, 1834; Joel Parker,
1838; Nathaniel Ronton, 1842 ; Nathaniel G. Upham,
1844; Samuel D. Bell, 1847; Charles Burroughs,
1849; Levi Chamberlain, 1852; William Plumer, Jr.,
1854; Chandler E. Potter, 1855; Edwin D. Sanborn,
1857; Joseph Dow, 1860; William H. Y. Hackett,
1861 ; Joseph B. Walker, 1866; Charles H. Bell, 1868.

The semi-centennial of the society was celebrated
May 22, 1873, at which time the society's building —
then recently purchased and fitted up — was dedicated
to its use. A dedicatory address was delivered by
Joseph B. Walker, Esq. Addresses were also made
Iiy other honorary and resident members, and an ode
written by George Keut, Esq., of Washington City,
was sung.

The semi-centennial address was delivered by the
president of the society, Hon. Charles H. Bell, and a
poem written by Edna Dean Proctor was read.

Eijiht v.ihiincs of valuable historical matter have
been |iiililislu'(l by the society, and a ninth is in
course (if pulili(-ati(in.

The library now contains about eight thousand
volumes, twelve thousand pamphlets, one hundred
thousand newspapers, a valuable collection of manu-
scripts and a large number of ancient and curious
articles, which are kept at its rooms, 212 and 214
North Main Street.

The present number of resident members is about
one hundred and fiftv.

CHAPTER V.
CO'SCORD— (Continued).
The State Prison— United States Court-House o
St. Paul's School -Water- Works— Walker Ho
lows — Other Societies.

State. Prison. — The old State's Prison,
Street, was erected in 1811 or 1812 on land given liy
Joshua Abbot. The location was thought to be se-
cluded, quite out of the way of business and of popula-
tion. It was erected under the supervision of Stuart
J. Park, and was built entirely of granite, quarried
from Rattlesnake Hill. It contained originally thirty-
six cells. Its cost was about thirty-seven thousand
dollars. It was subsequently greatly enlarged and
improved.

1 See appendi]

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

The present prison is located about two miles
north of the State-House, on the road to Penacook,
and was completed in 1878 at a cost of about two
hundred and thirty thousand dollars. It is a mas-
sive and imposing structure. It was erected under
the su])ervision of Prison Commissioners John Kim-
ball, Albert M. Shaw and Alpha J. Pillsbury.

The whole number of convicts in prison is 127,
• — 116 white and 11 black, 126 males and 1 female.
Only 35 persons were committed to the prison during
the past year, being the smallest number for twelve
years.

The earnings of the institution for the year were
$18,754.24, and the expenses have been $20,349.25,
leaving a balance against the prison of $1,595.01.

The number of prisoners discharged during the
year was 48, — 7 being pardoned, 36 released on ac-
count of the expiration of their terms of sentence
and 5 died.

Of the 127 inmates, April 30, 1885, 43 were mar-
ried and 84 single ; 33 claimed to be temperate, and
the remainder admitted themselves to be intemper-
ate ; 12 were under 20 years of age when committed,
66 between 20 and 30, 31 between 30 and 40, 8 be-
tween 40 and 50, and 10 over 50 ; 109 can read and
write, 11 can read only and the remainder are unable
to do either ; 23 were convicted in Rockingham
County, 10 in Strafford, 5 in Belknap, 6 in Carroll, 4
in Merrimack, 33 in Hillsborough, 7 in Cheshire, 9
in Sullivan, 7 in Grafton, 5 in Coos and 18 in the
United States Courts ; 4 are serving time for murder
in the second degree, 4 for manslaughter, 5 for at-
tempt to kill, 2 for rape, 3 for arson, 1 for highway
robbery, 29 for burglary, 11 for horse-stealing, 3 for
stealing cattle, 3 for forgery, 4 for breaking and
stealing, 9 for breaking and entering, 28 for stealing,

1 for stealing from person, 1 for obtaining goods by
false pretences, 1 for poisoning cow, 7 for robbery,
3 for attempt to rape, 1 for assaulting ofBcer, 1 for
robbing post-office, 3 for being tramps, 1 for fiilse
entry in bank ledger, 1 for false affidavit to obtain
money and 1 for falsely personating another to ob-
tain money.

Ninety-eight are natives of the United States, 11
of Ireland, 4 of England, 1 of Scotland, 6 of Canada,

2 of Nova Scotia, 2 of Sweden and 3 of Germany.
Four were sentenced for 30 years, 1 for 25, 4 for 20,
1 for 15, 1 for 13, 5 for 10, 1 for 9, 4 for 8, 7 for 7, 1
for 6, 15 for 5, 2 for U, 13 for 4, 35 for 3, 3 for 2J, 20
for 2, 1 for IJ, 1 for 1} and 7 for 1 year and a day.

The smallest number committed during any twelve-
month was 1 in 1812, and the largest 76, in 1878.
The total commitments aggregate 2306, of whom 1211
were discharged, 633 pardoned, 149 removed to the
asylum for the insane, 189 died and 20 escaped. The
last escape was in 1870.

The financial statement is as follows : Earnings, —
labor of convicts from May 1, 1884, to May 1, 1885,
$17,456.75 ; visitors' fees, $302.10 ; rent, $202 ; board.

United States prisoners, $392.31 ; gain in inventory,
$401.08. Total, $18,754.24.

Expenses, — deputy warden's salary, $1000; phy-
sician, .$500 ; overseers, $9764.17 ; clothing, $1530.23 ;
discharged coilvicts, $126 ; furniture, $154.03 ; sub-
sistence, $3966.36 ; light, fuel and water, $1450.(>2 ;
hospital supplies, $261.09; ftineral expenses, $38 ;
repairs, $867.87 ; incidentals, $690.88. Total, $20,-
349.25 ; excess of expenses over earnings, $1595.01.

The officers of the prison are as follows: Warden,
Frank S. Dodge; deputy warden, Thomas A. Pills-
bury; physicians, H. M. French, M.D., C. R.
Walker, M.D. ; chaplain. Rev. E. R. Wilkins ; over-
seer of cook-room and hall, F. L. Robinson ; over-
seers of shops, F. J. Sanborn, David Sanborn, M. B.
Smart, J. B. Greaton, W. H. Stevenson, Fred. Peas-
lee ; guards, S. N. Allen, Fred. L. Sabin, J. E. Mor-
rison, J. A. Pillsbury, Joseph Martin, George M.
Colby ; night watchman, J. L. Jones, N. W. Mc-
Murphy.

United States Court House and Post Office.—
tluni' Idtli, IXSH, Congress made an appropriation of
two hundred thousand dollars for an "United States
court house and po.st office " at Concord, N. H.
Owing to vexatious delays in securing a satisfactory
site and acceptable plans, very little visible progress
has been made at the present writing (August 27,
1885). A lot satisfactory to all the citizens of Con-
cord was secured. It embraces an entire square, and
is two hundred and twenty-three by two hundred
and sixty-seven feet. It fronts on State Street, and
is bounded on the north by Park Street, on the west
by Green Street, and on the south by Capitol Street.
The building is designed to be Gothic in style of
architecture, with pitch roof and dormer windows.
It will have a frontage of one hundred and seventeen
feet. Giles Wheeler, of Concord, is the superinten-
dent, and received his appointment from Secretary
Manning. An excavation for the cellar has been
made, and a concrete floor laid. The contracts for
the buildiii.n- are not yet awarded.

Public Schools. — The history of the public schools
of Concord for the first century of its existence as a
town is not unlike that of other towns of its popula-
tion and wealth. Up to 1805 there was no such or-
ganization as a school district known to our statutes.
The several towns, by their selectmen or by com-
mittees, had been divided into sections for school
purposes, as convenience required, and the school
money raised by law was parceled out to them. In
1805 an act was passed which authorized the division
of towns into school districts, to be accurately defined
and bounded, and empowered to hold meetings and
raise money for the purchase, repair and erection of
school-houses.

The first school established in Concord was in 1731,
and its support was assumed by the town in 1733. It
was taught by a master hired by the selectmen, and
for many years was kept in four different sections of

CONCORD.

the town, viz. : East Concord, West Concord, Hop-
kinton road and Main Street. After 17(i() winter
schools were supported in eacli of those localities.
The first school -house in Concord was built in 1742,
anil stood at a point near the northeast corner of the
State-House park. There it remained until near the
close of the last century, and at the beginning of the
incscnt century there were only about nine school-
houses in Concord owned by the town.

As early as 1800 an unsuccessi'ul eflbrt was made by
the town to divide the territory of Concord into
school districts and to raise money for the building
of school-houses in such districts. This efibrt was
successfully renewed in 1807. The town appointed a
committee of twenty, with the selectmen, to divide
the town into school districts, in accniduncc with the
law passed two years before, and that coiinuitlcc re-
ported si.xteen districts definitely described.

The first committee to visit schools, appointed by
the town, was in 1818, and the report of such com-
mittee was first ordered to be printed in 1827, for
ilistribution among the inhabitants.

In 18-t5 the Legislature passed a law for the estab-
lishing of High Schools, and in 1848 the Somersmith
Act. In the compact part of the town there were at
that time three school districts, numbered nine, ten
and eleven, and the school-house accDiiniKidatiniis
were very limited. An unsuccessful attciii|il was
made, in 1847, to unite the three distiicls l<ii- the siip-
l)ort of a High School. In 1850, District No. 10, the
central one, adopted the Somersmith Act, and estab-
lished a High School in a brick building erected in
l.s4l),on the site of the present High School building.
School Street, and which was taken down in 1863.
In 1850 the eflbrt to consolidate the three districts
proved successful, and the result was the establish-
ment of

Union S(;hool Districxs, from which date there
was rapid improvement in our schools and school build-
ings. At that time the management of the schools was
placed in the hands of a prudential and superintending
school committee. In 1859 au act wiis passed by the
Legislature authorizing the election, by the district,
of a Board of Education, to consist of nine persons,
the terms of office of three of whom should e.xpire
each year. The object of this was to secure more
permanent management of the schools, and avoid
sudden change in teachers and methods of in-
struction. The Board of Education discharged the
duties of both prudential and superintending com-
mittees, through a financial agent and sub-committee.
Their duties becoming onerous with the increase of
schools, two attempts were made to place a large
share of the work in the hands of a superintendent
of schools. In the fall term of 1862 and winter term
of 1863, Henry E. Sawyer, principal of the High
School, was directed to spend part of his time in the
lower grades of school, and did so, performing efiicient
service in the grading of these schools. In the fall

term of 1873, Amos Hadley, a member of the Board
of E<lucation, was elected as principal of the gram-
mar schools, with power to supervise the schools of
other grades, and continued in tliat position until
March, 1874. In July, 1874, an act was passed au-
thorizing the ajjpointment of a superintendent of
schools, and the office has been filled by Daniel C.
Allen and Warren Clark, respectively, to August 1st,
this year, when Louis J. Rundlett entered upon the
discharge of the duties of superintendent.

The following gentlemen have served upon the
Board of Education since its creation, the first nine
named being elected September 10, 1859, and having
their terms of otBce determined by lot:

Henry E. Parker, David Patten, Josiah P. Nutting,
C!aleb Parker, John P. Bancroft, Peletiah Brown, P.

B. Cogswell, Asa Fowler, Joseph B. Walker, Samuel

C. Eastman, Hazen Pickering, John V. Barron,
Lyman D. Stevens, Abraham J. Prescott, Amos
Hadley, Elisha Adams, William M. Chase, Henry J.
Crippen, Albert H. Crosby, Oliver Pillsbury, Charles
P. Sanborn, Samuel B. Page, Daniel C. Allen, Warren
Clark, J. C. A. Hill, A. B. Thompson, S. C. Whitcher,
John H. George, Everett L. Conger, George W.
Crockett, Daniel B. Donovan, John C. Thorn, Charles
R. Corning.

The ]ir('sciit ini'iiilicis <it' the board are P. B. Cogs-
wcll, llcniy .1. ('ri|i|icii, William M. Chase, George
\V. ( •rdckctt, ( 'liarli's li. ( '(iriiing, Daniel B. Donevan,
J. C. A. Hill, A. B. Thompson and .lobn ('. Thorn.
The officers are P. B. Cogswell, president, and Daniel
B. Donevan, secretary.

Since the creation of Union School District there
has been almost a total revolution in the school-
houses of the district. At the present time only
three rooms are occupied which were in existence
previous to 1856, — two on Union Street and one on
Spring Street. In 1858 the Merrimack and Rumford
Grammar School-houses were erected ; in 1863-64 the
High School building and the Bow Brook house; in
1865 the Franklin Street hou.se; in 1870-71 the
Penacook house; in 1873 the Plains and Fair-Ground
house; in 1873-74 the Walker house; in 1878 the
Chandler house. The cost of these houses has been
about one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, all of
which has been raised and paid by the district, so
that it is free of debt.

There were 32 schools in the district llic jiast year,
viz.: 1 High, with 4 teachers ; l(l iinunmar, 9 inter-
mediate, 11 primary and one mixed, with one
teacher each. There was also also employed 1 teacher
of drawing audi of music. The High School has
three courses of study, — English of three years, and
academic and clerical of four years each. The number
of pupils in the several grades the past year were, —
High, 199 ; grammar, 495 ; intermediate, 447 ; pri-
mary, 675 ; mixed, 26, — total, 1842, which is about
nine-elevenths of the whole number of pupils attend-
ing the public schools in the city. The graduates of

110

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

the High Schools take and hold good lead iu the
colleges and other institutions of learning which they
enter, and the school is steadily increasing in reputa-
tion for thoroughness of instruction. Nearly two-
thirds of the teachei-s now employed in the district
are graduates of the High School. The average
expenditure for the schools, exclusive of free text-
books, is about twenty-five thousand six hundred dol-
lars a year, of which sum the district raises one-fourth
or more by extra tax beyond what the law requires.
It also furnishes text-books free to the pupils of the
school.

Outside of Union School District there are three
districts, with Boards of Education and graded
schools, viz. : No. 3, at West Concord, with primary,
intermediate and grammar schools ; No. 12, at East
Concord, with primary and grammar schools ; No.
20, at Penacook, with primary, intermediate and
grammar schools. There are also fourteen outlying
districts, with from one to three terms of school a year,
and with from three to twenty-seven pupils each.
The appropriation of the city for schools is twenty-
two thousand two hundred and twenty-flve dollars
yearly, to which is added extra tax raised in three
districts, literary fund, etc., making altogether about
thirty-one thousand six hundred dollars.

St. Paul's School ' is one of the best known of
all church classical schools, as distinguished from
colleges like Trinity, Hobart and Eacine. It was
founded and partially endowed by a distinguished lay-
man of Boston, Mass., George CheyneShattuck, M.D.,
who has so generously used his wealth for the benefit
of the church, not only in New England, but also in
Maryland, Minnesota and other dioceses.

St. Paul's, whose buildings are now about twenty
in number, — presenting, as one approaches, quite the
appearance of a little village, — is situated in a charm-
ing and salubrious region about two miles from the
centre of the city. There, in a lovely, picturesque
valley, by the borders of a pretty little lake, sur-
rounded by lofty hills. Dr. Shattuck founded his in-
stitution. From small and modest beginnings it has
grown in less than thirty years not only to take its
place in the Iront among church schools, but also, as
the honor lists in our leading colleges and universities
show, it sends out, year by year, pupils who rank not
below those who come from Exeter, Andover or any
of the oldest and most famous academies of the
country.

Dr. Shattuck was a firm believer in the church as
an educator ; to him education meant character, and
included something far beyond mere book-learning.
His desire was that the spirit of the Book of Common
Prayer should be the foundation of the work to be
done, and that the sort of tone which we understand
by the word gentleman, in its best and highest sense,
should pervade the establishment and insensibly

mould all who came under its influence. In short, a
public school of the same general character as Eton,
Harrow, Rugby and Winchester was in his mind,
though he was too wise to have any idea of extem-
porizing any of those growths of centuries under such
totally different social and political circum.stances.
His purpose was admirably expressed by the lol low-
ing words in the deed of gift:

" The founder is desirous uf endowing a scliool of tbe higliest da^s
for boys, in which they may obtain an education which shall fit them
for college or business, including thorough intellectual training in the
various branches of learning ; gymnastic and manly exercises adapted
to preserve health and strength the physical condition ; such aesthetic cul-
ture and accomplishments as shall tend to refine the manners and ele-
vate the taste, together with careful moral and religious instruction."

This brief statement is itself worth a passing no-
tice for its modesty and reticence. There are not a
few occasions when "the unsaid is better, than the
said." There are here no grandiloquent promises (so
easy to make on paper) of the great results that are
going to be accomplished; no baits thrown out to en-
tice parents and pupils. The church (which was to
be the corner-stone of all) is not only not thrust
prominently forward, it is not even mentioned. Only
such matters are spoken of as all judicious parents
would agree upon as desirable. In short, it is implied
that deeds, not words, are the only test, for " every
tree is known by his own fruit."

With these general views. Dr. Shattuck, in the year
1855, devoted what had previously been his country-
seat to be the nucleus of the school which he con-
templated. But it need hardly be said that no build-
ings, however costly or commodious, can make a
school. There can be no school without a master,
and the master is useless unless boys come to be
taught and trained. After several attempts to satisfy
himself, the founder at length succeeded in securing,
to preside over the first organization of the scheme,
the Rev. Henry Augustus C'oit, M.A., now Doctor in
Divinity, by diploma from Columbia College, New-
York. This gentleman, the present head-master — or,
as he is called, rector — of St. Paul's School, a South-
erner by birth, and educated by Dr. Muhlenberg at
College Point, may, with strictest propriety of speech,
be considered the second founder, and, in a true sense,
the veritable creator of the institution which has be-
come so celebrated. Though then only about twenty-
six years of age, he was already a fine classical and
belles-lettres scholar. He fully entered into the en-
lightened views of Dr. Shattuck, and brought to the
work even a more enlarged conception of what such a
school, rightly and cautiously conducted, might event-
ually become. This conception was, perhaps, in-
creased or intensified by a visit to England made by
Dr. Coit in 1868, during which some of the English
public schools were inspected. St. Paul's opened in
1856 with some five or six boys, sons or relations, and
friends of the founder. It was from the first an in-
corporated institution, and the act of the Legislature
of New Hampshire bears date June 29, 1855. No

CONCORD.

advertisement setting forth the claims or supposed
ininits of the school ever appeared. There was at the
very beginning a simple statement in the church
papers of its title, its situation, and the names of the
rector and members of the board of trustees. Among
these there have always been some names well known
among churchmen, such as Bishops Chase, Niles and
Xeely, Judge Eedfield, E. N. Perkin.«, Esq., Dr.
Samuel Eliot, Richard H. Dana, Esq., C. P. Gardner,
Esq., John H. Swift, Esq., of New York, etc. The
founder himself was not a member of the board, and,
with his usual modesty, never allowed his name to be
prominent, though ever ready to give his advice and
assistance.

Among these trustees it will not be considered in-
vidious to name specially Dr. Samuel Eliot, formerly
president of Trinity College, Hartford, and more re-
cently superintendent of public schools in the city
of Boston, whose zeal for the cause of sound education
is equaled only by his profound knowledge of the sub-
ject and his practical acquaintance with the best
methods to be pursued. His reports, as superintend-
ent, are written in the choicest English, and will be
found full of wise suggestions to parents and teachers.
They are worth keeping for reference.

The rector was aided at first by only one or two
masters, and everything was neces-sarily on the small-
est scale, while the first foundations were carefully
laid. But the boys who left him showed so manifestly
tlie good results of their education in the large sense
of the term, as well as the soundness of their instruc-
tion in the various branches of the curriculum, that
the reputation of the school rapidly spread ; applica-
tions for admission began to pour in, and these chiefly
from families of culture and good standing in various
sections of the country. These applications have
kept up without break ever since, to a degree almost,
if not quite, unprecedented. The writer has fre-
quently heard of parents who would enter the names
of sons only seven or eight years old, that they might
lie ready to secure expected vacancies five or six years
later. There has never been the least occasion to so-
licit scholars, the buildings, after the first two or three
years, being always filled to their utmost capacity.
There was a nameless something about the tone and
manners of the pupils — a bracing influence about the
moral atmosphere which the boys breathed — that was
very taking with people of culture and refinement;
and the more the pupils were known, the more eager
(lid the parents of others become to secure these same
atlvantages for their sons. In a word, the boys them-
selves became, unconsciously, the very best advertise-
nuiit, and no other ever was needed.

Wluit special principles of management have pro-
iliicid these happy results it would not be easy, and
would certainly take too long to tell. AVhen Dr. Ar-
n<ild introduced his quiet, but .still almost revolution-
ary reforms, upon taking charge of Rugby in 1828,
the boys used to say, "It is a downright shame to tell

Arnold a lie, for he believes it." So, for one thing,
it may be said that at St. Paul's the boy is trusted
from the moment that he sets foot upon the grounds.
It is quietly assumed that he will conduct himself as
might be expected of a gentleman's son, and there is
everything in this assumption as a power in govern-
ing. Saving the necessary mapping out of the day
for study, and the requirement of strict punctuality,
there are probably not many homes where there are
fewer arbitrary rules than suflice for the St. Paul's
boys.

The writer well remembers standing among a group
of visitors in 1865, on the occasion of Dr. Muhlen-
berg's first and only visit to St. Paul's. Dr. Kerfoot,
then president of Trinity, and Dr. Coit were standing
by. Dear old Dr. Muhlenberg (whose name can never
be mentioned without reverence) called himself the
school-father of Drs. Kerfoot and Coit, and surveyed
St. Paul's with no little pride and aflfection . At last
he broke out with this : " Henry, I have been walking
all around, watching the boys, and talking with a
good many of them, and I want you to explain some-
thing. I have seen a good deal of boys at old College
Point, but I appeal to you and Kerfoot if we ever had
anything like this. Why, I had some very hard cascg
there — really troublesome fellows ; but your boys are
all gentlemen. Now, how do you manage it? What's
your secret?" The reply I have forgotten. It was
probably a gentle suggestion that the old gentleman,
in the kindness of his heart, was taking too favorable
a view of what he saw, notwithstanding that he in-
sisted that he knew how to look below the surface.
Such, however, was the impression made on Dr.
Muhlenberg as he walked over the grounds and freely
mingled, in his inimitable way, with the boys, watched
their sports and overheard their careless talk with one
another.

On St. Peter's Day, 1858, the corner-stone of a
chapel was laid — the gift of the founder — and on St.
Paul's Day, in the year 1859, the building was conse-
crated by the bishops of New Hampshire and Con-
necticut. This chapel has ever been the centre, so to
say, of the holy and peculiar influence of the place.
The services have always been reverent and beautiful,
the music (under the charge of Mr. James C. Knox,
a graduate of the school), in which the boys naturally
take great interest and delight, ha.s been church-like
and elevating, and tlie Sunday sermons of the rector
(who, like the late Dr. l)e Kovcn, is a preacher of
rare power) have been ])eculiarly ada])tcd to inspire
his hearers, older and younger, with a love of virtue
and religion and an ardent desire to reach the highest
excellence in all things. There never was any
approach in the chapel services to excess in what is
now called " Ritualism," but there was always the
truest reverence and dignity, and a hearty obedience
to the spirit of the Prayer-Book. The Church Cate-
chism was the basis of all the religious instruction.
With a rare perception both of the dcsiralile and the

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

attainable, the rector seems to liave felt that, while a
large company of loyal and impressionable boys could
be very easily made " ritualistic," it was a harder and
a far worthier task to try to make them moral and
religious — manly and healthy in their piety. Nor
will those who understand tlie character of boys doubt
for a moment that his iiisiiiicl was an eminently wise
one. Tlie original chapel was intended to accommo-
date about forty boys; it wiis enlarged to more than
double its former capacity in 1868, and being now
(1884) wholly inadequate, preparations are making by
the alumni to build an entirely new aad extremely
beautiful structure at a cost of seventy-five thousand
dollars. This amount is already raised, but the sum
of twenty-five thousand dollars in additiou is needed
for the endowment of the chapel, to provide for heat-
ing, lighting and repairs.

In the year 186.5, after the iH-eakin;;- up of St. James'
College, in Maryland, Dr. ('nil was lia[i|iily joined by
his brother, the Kcv. Josei.li llowland Ooit, M.A._
who had been professor of mathematics and natural
science in that institution. A teacher of the very
first Older, of wide and varied culture and of the
same general educational views as his brother, he
became vi<e-reet(ir, taking charge of the scientific side
of the school, and proving an invaluable addition to
the corps of masters, as well as a judicious adviser on
the board of trustees. At this period the school
numbered between seventy and eighty; in the chapel
the boys had nverllnw ed into the seats designed for
the neighljiirin.i; |ii)|iiilatiiin, who loved to attend the
services, while for additional dormitories various
adjoining houses were gradually purchased and added
to the school property. In 1869 the Upper School, a
handsome tliree-story granite building, was erected,
with kitchen, dining-room, matron's apartments, etc.,

in a sepaiale Ihiusc near by. To this were added the
Lower School I'or the youngest boys, in 1870; the
Rectory, in 1S71 or 1872; the large school-house, with
school-room and recitation-rooms, in 1873; the In-
firmary or Sanatarium in 1877. The last large edifice,
called "The School," in which the vice-rector resides
with the main body of the boys, is pronounced by
competent judges to be one of the most complete
school buildings to be found anywhere in the country.
This takes the place of the original house of Dr. Shat-
tuck, which was destroyed by fire in 1878.

The funds for these numerous and costly structures
have been, to some considerable extent, given by the
founder and other generous friends of St. Paul's, but
they have also been in large measure derived from the
income of the school itself, which the rector has ex-
pended, as far as possible, for the permanent improve-
ment and growth of the institution. The salaries of
the various masters, — several of whom are married, —
and their rooms and houses, are probably larger and
more comfortable than in many other schools and
colleges. But, obviously, St. Paul's could not have
grown to such a size in so short a time witliout the

wisest financial management ; for the fortune of the
generous founder was not at all one of those colossal
ones by means of which, in some few instances, a
school or university has been launched into life with
every material equipment, including a suHicient en-
dowment to pay the salaries of professors and teachers,
St. Paul's has been built up rapidly, indeed, but still
gradually, by the wise economy and unceasing labor
of the rector and his able ay.sistants.

The course of study includes six forms, of which
the sixth is the highest, and a preparatory or " shell,"
thus covering in all seven years. The students are
prepared to enter the freshman and sophomore classes
in Harvard or in any American college. Not a few,
after completing the extended course, enter upon
business without proceeding to college. There is also
a fine gymnasium and all the usual athletic sports,
especially the famous English exercises of cricket and
rowing have been encouraged from the very start.
A stranger is generally much struck with the happy
home-like life of the place, and the healthy, manly,
ingenuous appearance of the boys as he sees them
gathered in the chapel or engaged in sports upon the
spacious playgrounds.

The daily routine is, generally speaking, as follows
Rise at 6.30 (a little later in winter) ; breakfast at 7 :
short morning prayers in the chapel for the whole
school at 8 ; school-work until 12 ; 12 to 1, recreation ;
1, dinner; 2 to 4, recreation ; 4 to 6, school-work; 6.
supper, followed immediately by short evening prayers ;
after which the boy is free to use his time as he
pleases (except one hour of study) until bed-time^
which is 9 o'clock for most, and 10 or 10.30 for the
oldest pupils. Immediately before bed-time, at 9
o'clock, a short space of some ten or fifteen minutes,
known as " Bible-hour," is invariably devoted to the
silent reading of the Holy Scriptures — generally the
appointed Gospel lesson of the day. This custom was
probably inherited from Dr. Muhlenberg's school, at
College Point, Long Island, where Dr. Coit received
his earliest school education, from which place Bishop
Kerfoot also had previously transplanted the usage t(j
the College of St. James, in Maryland.

There are three sejtarate refectories or dining-rooms ;
One at the Upper School, one — the largest— at " The
School," and a third at the Lower School. This
arrangement, while considerably increasing the ex-
pense, contributes greatly to the comfort and home-
like character of the daily life. The dormitories are
admirably arriinged, each "alcove " being practically
a small private room, while the older boys in the sixth
form have bed-rooms combined with their " studies "
in the Upper School. The Anniversary Day, also
called Founder's Day, is celebrated early in June
every year. It is a great fete-day for the boys, their
parents and their friends ; there is a grand cricket-
match and feast, and a special sermon and service in
the chapel. The "old boys " assendile in force, thus
keeping up their own love I'or the " hapi)y hills,"

CONCORD.

113

and encouraging in the younger generation a proper
and pleasing pride in their Alma Mater, the effect of
which is every way beneficial.

The present number of pupils is about 280, the
number of masters 20, many of them graduates of
the school. Among the masters now resident at St.
Paul's, and who have for many years past been iden-
tified with its history and prosperity, may be men-
tioned the Rev. Robert A. Benton, M.A., of Trinity,
Hartford; the Rev. T. G. Valpey, M.A., of Yale;
Mr. Charles S. Knox, M.A., of Columbia College,
New York; the Rev. Charles A. Morrill, M.A., of
Harvard; the Rev. Thomas J. Drumm, M.A. ; Mr.
James C. Knox, M.A. ; the Rev. John Hargate, M.A. ;
Mr. James Milnor Coit, Ph.D. ; the Rev. Edward M.
Parker, M.A. (Keble College, Oxford); Mr. Augustus
M. Swift., M.A. The last five of these are graduates
of St. Paul's. The terms of admission were originally
three hundred dollars per annum ; then four hundred •
they are now, and have been for some years, five hun-
dred. There are a few scholarships (which the authori-
ties are anxious to increase), the holders of which
receive all the benefits of the school free of charge.
The terms for board and tuition are not considered
excessive by the families from whom the scholars are
drawn, and, considering the comfortable slyle of living
which is both expected and maintained, it is really
moderate. The average cost of a boy's education at
Eton may be safely put down as not less than one
hundred and seventy-five pounds, or eight hundred
and seventy -five dollars. At schools like Marlborough
and Wellington (where there is a common hall for
meals), the cost more nearly approaches, but still
somewhat exceeds, what has been mentioned as the
charge at St. Paul's.

It has been said that no school ought to be regarded
as a well-established public institution until it has
been tried long enough to see whether its own pupils,
when they become fathers, retain their attachment
and their belief in the methods pursued, so far as to
send their own sons to the old place where they
themselves were educated. This final test St. Paul's
has already met. For some time past there have been
on its roll pupils whose fathers were themselves old
St. Paul's lioys twenty years ago and more, and the
number is certain to increase as each year goes by.
The long list of its alumni, moreover, includes the
names of not a few of the rising young lawyers, physi-
cians, clergymen and business men in most of our
great cities.

Looking, then, at these various and really remarka-
ble results, and calmly weighing the excellencies of
the system of St. Paul's, there is every reason to hope
and believe that Dr. Shattuck and Dr. Coit have suc-
ceeded in founding in the United States a distinctively
church school, which gives every promise of enduring,
and will prove, in time, worthy to be compared with I

those famous English schools which enter so deeply
into the very heart of the national life and character.
The foundations have been so well laid that, under
the protection of a good Providence, it seems that
they cannot easily be overthrown. No doubt in this
case, as in all similar undertakings, it may be truly
said much must be due to the personal influence and
magnetism of the present and first head master, which
seems, in its way, to resemble that of the celebrated
Dr. Arnold at Rugby. It is plain enough that he
must be a man of peculiar gifts and powers, and not
only such as impress and charm the young. To
bring St. Paul's to its present high efficiency and
celebrity, the rector must necessarily have been able
to work harmoniously with a large corps of masters,
themselves men of culture and acquirement, with the
distinguished gentlemen who are the trustees of the
school, and with the numerous parents of the pupils,
not a few of whom are known among the most influ-
ential people of the land. But after making all tlue
allowance for these personal qualifications, which it
might indeed be difficult to replace, it is quite certain
that if anything like the wise judgment and unselfish
labor of the past quarter of a century shall mark the
administration of Dr. Colt's successors, St. Paul's,
Concord, will more and more take a leading rank
among those noted places of education which, afier
all, are the true glory of our country, because they are
the best security that we have for the cultivation of
those virtues which lie at the foundation of the safety,
honor and welfare of our people.

Concord Water-Works.'— The supply of water for
Concord, previous to 1873, was obtained from springs
near the base of "Sand Hill." As early as July 2,
1829, William Low, Jacob B. Moore, Stephen Brown,
Joseph Low and associates were constituted a corpo-
ration, with a capital of two thousand dollars, called
the " Concord Aqueduct Association," empowered to
take water from the springs before mentioned and
deliver it to takers on Main, State and other streets,
and charge such price as they deemed expedient. It
is not now known that the association ever did any
business.

Soon after, Mr. Amariah Pierce supplied water,
through an aqueduct made of logs, to the distillery
which was located near the iron-store of Walker &
Co., and to other customers. Mr. Nathan Call suc-
ceeded Mr. Pierce, and being desirous of extending
his works, and needing more capital, he obtained a
charter, July 7, 1849, incorporating himself, George
Hutchins and others under the name of the "Torrent
Aqueduct Association," with a capital of twenty thou-
sand dollars. Jlr. Call was made agent and treasurer
of the company, and, being a man of great energy, ho
made the enterprise successful. After his death the
att'airs of the association were conducted by his son,
Horace, until the stock, owned by his heirs was sold

I UyJuhu Kimball.

114

HISTOKY OF MERllIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

to James R. Hill, who carried it on for several years,
when he sold his interest to Nathaniel White. Henry
M. Robinson had commenced to supply water from
what is now " White's Park." After his decease, Mr.
White purchased the rights of the heirs, and thus be-
came the owner of nearly all the water property in
the city. Mr. White increased the capacity of the
works by adding more springs, but the demand for
water being more than he could supply, he sought to
increase the amount by pumping from Merrimack
River, but, on account of the expense, the plan was
unsuccessful.

After the great fire of 1851 there was an increased
anxiety among the people in regard to the limited
supply of water, so much so that the City Council ap-
pointed Joseph B. Walker, John Abbott and Benjamin
Grover a committee "to inquire a,s to the feasibility
and cost of abundantly supplying the compact part of
the city with water for fire and other purposes."

This committee made a report December 16, 1859,
in which they say that they have endeavored to ascer-
tain,

"First, The wants of this part of the city in respect
to water.

" Second, The best means of securing a full supply
of it."

Under the first head they say that " Our population
is at present supplied in part from wells, and in part
by several aqueduct companies, the two principal of
which are the ' Torrent Aqueduct Association ' and
that of Nathaniel White. In addition to these, are
several others of more limited capacities, each sup-
plying from one or two to forty families."

Under the second head they say : " Five difierent
.sources of supply have been examined and consider-
ed, viz. : Merrimack River, Horse-Shoe Pond, Ash
Brook, Little Pond and Long Pond, and they give the
last the preference."

'■ Long Pond is distant three and one-half miles
fro-n the State-House, has an area of two hundred
and sixty-five acres, and is, in some places, seventy-
five feet deep. Several small brooks enter it, but it
is fed principally by springs. The land about it is of
a granite formation, and rises pretty rapidly to a
height of from three to four hundred feet, and is mostly
cleared. The pond is surrounded by a water-shed of
some three thousand acres in extent. Its bottom is
of white sand, overstrewn with granite boulders, and
is free from sediment and aquatic weeds. There are
no boggy meadows on its shores. Its water is soft,
pure, perfectly transparent and abundant in quantity."
It is one hundred and twenty feet higher than Main
Street in front ofthe State-House.

They estimated the cost of the introduction and
distribution at $172,475.35, and say " The most serious
objection that presents itself to the immediate accom-
plishment of this project is the cost of its execution."

Eleven years passed. The War of the Rebellion
liad begun and ended. The population and wealth

of the city had increased. The people had become
accustomed to a high rate of taxation, and the de-
mand for an abundant supply of water was imperative.
July 30, 1870, the City Council appointed Lyman
D. Stevens, Josiah Minot and fifteen others, known
as the Committee of Seventeen, to report to the City
Council " the proper ccmrse to be taken to secure the
early introduction of an adequate supply of pure,
fresh water from the Long Pond." This action of the
City Council was supplemented by a mass-meeting of
citizens at Eagle Hall, October 1, 1870, at which they
"Resolved that the safety, health, prosperity and growth
of our city absolutely demanded a greater and better
supply of water than it now has." The report of the
Committee of Seventeen bears date October 29, 1870.
They recommended that measures be taken, on behalt
of the city, to obtain the necessary legislation at the
next session of the Legislature, and that in the mean-
time plans and details be prepared ready for the work
when the proper time came for commencing it.

Their recommendation was referred to a special
committee, consisting of Josiah Minot, Benjamin A.
Kimball, John M. Hill and David A. Warde.

August 10, 1871, the special committee reported that
they had procured from the Legislature " An Act to
authorize the city of Concord to establish water-works
in said city," approved June 30, 1871. The same
committee submitted the form of an ordinance, which
was adopted by the City Council December 30,1871,
providing that the management and direction of the
water-works in the city shall be vested in a Board of
Water Commissioners, consisting of six citizens and
of the mayor for the time being.

January, 1872, the mayor and aldermen appointed
John M. Hill, Benjamin A. Kimball, Josiah Minot,
David A. Warde, Benjamin S. Warren and Ed-
ward L. Knowlton, commissioners. The board was
organized by the election of Josiah Minot president,
and Edward L. Knowlton clerk. James A. Weston,
of Manchester, was appointed chief engineer and
Charles C. Lund, of Concord, assistant engi-
neer. The organization having been completed,
necessary steps were taken, as required by the en-
abling act, by virtue of which there was obtained
from the owners of the water-power at West Concord
the right to draw from the pond one million gallons
daily, for which the city paid sixty thousand dollars.
Contracts were made with the " American Gas and
Water-Pipe Company," of Jersey City, to construct, in
all respects, complete for operation, the main line from
" Forge Pond " to the northerly end of State Street,
and of all the pipes for the distribution of the water
therefrom throughout the city, together with the
setting of gates, hydrants and other appendages.
The amount paid was $143,882.74. The .stock of the
" Torrent Aqueduct Association " and all the water-
rights owned by Nathaniel White were purchased
by the city, October 1, 1873, for $20,000 ; also the sum
of $16,311.21 was paid for other water-rights and for

CON COED.

laud damages. The total cost of the works, Decem-
ber 31, 1874, was $351,293.45.

Mr. Vincent C. Hastings, who had been employed
as an inspector during the construction of the works,
was elected superintendent, and is still in office.

Water was admitted into the pipes January 14,
1873, being only eight months from the time the con-
tractors commenced work. The commissioners, in
their report for 1875, say, —

'■ We are gratified to state that the expectations of the Board, as ex-
pressed in our last annual report, have bean realized. The demand for
water supply has gradually increased, which gives assurance that the
time is not far distant when the receipts will be sufficient to pay the in-
terest on the funded debt (8350,000) and the expense of maintenance."

In their report for 1877 they say, —

" Five years have elapsed since water was supplied through these
works, and the test of time has been exceedingly favorable to both the
; of the work."

In their report for 1879 they say,—

" \Ve are gratified to report the continued success of the worlvs ; that
our receipts have increased, our expenses for care and maintenance di-
minished, and the number of families supplied is nineteen hundred and
fourteen."

After an experience of eight years, it was found
that the demand for water had so increased that the
fourteen-inch main-pipe was not sufficient to furnish
a continuous supply of water to the liigher points of
the Precinct. The board, after a thorough investiga-
tion and careful consideration of the subject, voted
to lay a second and larger main-pipe of eighteen
inches in diameter from the dam to State Street.

Contracts were immediately made, and the pipe
completed, ready for use, during the summer of 1882,
at a cost of forty-seven thousand dollars.

Other additions and improvements have been made
from time to time, and the water-works are nearly
complete, at a cost of about four hundred and twenty-
five thousand dollars, supplying two thousand two
hundred and fifty families.

Since the settlement of the town no improvement
within its limits has been made that has brought to
its citizens greater blessings than this. Pure water
from Long Pond now flows in abundance to almost
every dwelling, not only supplying their necessities,
but furnishing the means of beautifying their sur-
roundings.

The following mayors have held the office of water
commissioner: Abraham G. Jones, John Kimball,
George A. Pillsbury, Horace A. Brown, George A.
Cummings, Edgar H. Woodman.

The following citizens have been appointed com-
missioners by the mayor and aldermen : Josiah
Minot, Benjamin A. Kimball, John M. Hill, David
A. Warde, Edward L. Knowlton, Benjamin S.Warren,
John Abbott, Abel B. Holt, John S. Russ, Samuel
vS. Kimball, Luther P. Durgin, John Kimball, William
M. Chase, James L. Mason, James R. Hill, Joseph H.
Abbot and George A. Young.

The following have been the officers of the Board :
Josiah Minot (president), two years ; Benjamin A.

Kimball, three years; John Kimball, nine years; Ed-
ward L. Knowlton (clerk), three years ; B. A. Kimball,
one year; John M. Hill, two years; William M.
Chase, eight years; V. C. Hastings (superintendent),
thirteen years.

The Walker House, now the residence of Joseph
B. Walker.

In the Concord Directory for 1850, Mr. David Wat-
son says that this house is the oldest two-storied dwell-
ing-house now standing in the Merrimack Valley
between Haverhill, Mass., and Canada. It was erected
by Rev. Timothy Walker, on the house-lot drawn to
the first minister, in the year 1733-34, the town hav-
ing generously voted him " fifty pounds for building
a dwelling-house in Pennycook." Its dimensions
were twenty by forty feet, two stories in height, with
an ell adjoining on the east of one story, both parts
being covered by a gambrel roof. The chimneys were
very large. One of them, which remained as origin-
ally built until 1847, was found, upon its removal, to
be about five feet square and constructed of flat ledge
stones, laid in clay mortar and plastered on the in-
side with a composition of clay and chopped straw.
Another, of brick, was still larger.

Only the ell was entirely finished at first, and con-
tained but three rooms on the first floor. The front
part remained iu an unfinished state until 1757, when,
with the assistance of Lieutenant Webster, of Bradford,
Mass., a joiner of higher repute in those days, it was
also completed. Then arose, as appears from a letter
dated September 9, 1757, addressed by Rev. Mr.
Walker to his son Timothy, then teaching school at
Bradford, a grave question as to the propriety "of
painting ye outside." The decision arrived at is not
now known, but either at that time or a few years sub-
sequent, it was painted a light yellow, which continued
to be its uniform color for at least seventy years. The
interior was finished in a style similar to that found
in the better class of dwelling-houses of that period.
Most of the partitions were of wooden panel-work ;
the front hall was dadoed with paneling, and the front
stairs were iu three short flights, conducting to broad
landings, being guarded by a moulded rail supported
upon curiously-wrought balusters.

The rooms were painted in various colors, the north
parlor and south parlor chamber being green, the
south parlor blue, the north parlor chamber and the
old people's bed-room white and the kitchen red.
Thus constructed and finished, it remained without
outside alteration, with the exception of an enlarge-
ment of the ell, until 1848, when it was modified iu
some particulars, both outside and within, and thor-
oughly repaired by its present proprietor. A few
other alterations have been made at subsequent dates.
With the exceptions above mentioned, it remains as
originally built.

The timbers of this ancient house, now one hun-
dred and fifty-one years old, are mainly of white oak
and pitch pine. The ])0;-ts, sills and first-story floor-

HISTOKY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

timbers were dressed by the broad-axe. The oak floor-
joists of the second story afford evidence of the exist-
ence of good saw-mills in Pennycoolc at this early day.
The outside was covered with wide, feather-edged
white pine boards, such as our forests no longer sup-
ply. The clapboards, riven from the logs and shaved,
were laid about four inches to the weather and with
scarfed joints at the ends. Both boards and clap-
boards were held in place by wrought-iron nails, made,
doubtless, by a local blacksmith of approved skill. The
cracks between the boards of the roof were battened
by strips of birch bark before it was shingled. These
are still in position, and in as good condition, appar-
ently, as when first torn from their parent

than the other. The tire-places, with one of which every
important room was furnished, were of exceedingly
generous proportions, and must have aided largely in
the important work of reducing the forest area of the
township. The old granite hearth-stone of the kitchen,
still in constant use, is nine feet and nine inches long
by two feet and six inches wide.

In 1746 this house was " appointed " a garrison-house,
and fortified " at the town's cost" by the erection about
it of a wall of timbers lying in contact, one upon another^
and held in position by tenoned ends let into perpen-
dicularly grooved posts set in the ground. Smaller
temporary dwellings were at the same time built with-
in this iiiclosure. Eirfit families besides Mr. Walker's

The panel-work of the numerous partitions, doors
and window-shutters of the interior was all made by
hand, and represented the faithful labor of many men
for many days. The door fastenings and hinges were
all imported from the fatherland, where the dutiful
colonists of George II. were expected to procure them.
If strength were the only standard of excellence re-
quired, these were surely first-class.

Stone quarrying was little understood in the Merri-
mack Valley a century and a half ago, and the stones
of the cellars of this house of the first minister were
broken fragments of the upper sheets of the Rattle-
snake ledges. They bear no marks of drill. The
chimney bricks, so far as used, were thinner than the
bricks of the present period, and thicker on one edge

RESIDENCE OF JOSEPH B. WALKER,

CONCORD, N. H.

were assigned to this garrison, viz. : that of Cap-
tain John Chandler, of Abraham Bradley, of Sam-
uel Bradley, of John Webster, of Nathaniel Rolfe,
of Joseph Pudney, of Isaac Walker, Jr., and of Oba-
diah Foster. These occupied it more or less of the
time until the close of the second French War. When,
in 1782, the Legislature met in Concord for the first time
and held its sessions in the hall over the store belong-
ing to Judge Walker, which was near by, the President
of the State, with his Council, occupied the north par-
lor of this house, while the south parlor served as a
general committee room, and the room above it as the
ofiice of the Treasurer of State.

Many prominent persons have, from time to time,
enjoyed the hospitalities of this old mansion. In early

CONCORD.

days General John Stark and Major Robert Rogers
were frequent visitors to its inmates. So was Benja-
min Thompson, afterwards known as Count Rumtbrd,
who married Rev. Mr. Walker's oldest daughter, Sarah ;
as was also, at a later date, Professor S. B. F. Morse,
of electric telegraph fame, who married his great-
granddaughter, Lucretia Pickering Morse. Passing
clergymen and men in official life often stopped there;
while to the humblest of its neighbors' occupants,
its doors were always open and a welcome awaited
their approach.

This plain house, now rendered venerable by past
and passing years, which presents a type of many of
the better class of dwellings of the middle colonial
period, was occupied by the Rev. Mr. Walker until
his death, in 1782, — a period of forty-eight years. It
was the home of his son. Judge Timothy Walker,
during most of his life, and of his widow, who sur-
vived him until 1828. During the next twenty years
its tenants were parties not of the Walker family, but
since 1849 it has beea in the occupancy of Joseph B.
Walker, a great-grandson of its builder, and its pres-
ent proprietor. For reasons obvious to the reader
further mention is forborne of the condition of its in-
terior, of its library, paintings and various historic me-
morials. The round flat-stone, about eight feet in
diameter, just seen within the yard, is the old " horse-
block " of the First Congregational Society, which
was used by the early fathers and mothers of Concord
in alighting from and mounting their horses at the
meeting-house, when the roads of the township were
indifferent and carriages were rarely used. Tradition
.says that it was procured from subscriptions made by
the good women of the parish of a pound of butter
each. It was presented to its present owner by the
society.

The elms in front of the house were transplanted
from the intervaleby Rev.Mr. Walker,May 2, 1764,as
appears by his diary of that year. The largest repre-
sented in the cut herewith appended, measures sixteen
feet and eight inches in circumference at three feet
from the ground. It was sixteen feet in 1856, and
has increased eight inches during this intervening
jieriod of twenty-nine years. It is still in good health,
although, during the period just named, the circum-
ference of its top, unlike that of its trunk, has some-
what diminished.

It is an interesting fact that the life of a single, un-
pretending, wooden dwelling should span so important
a part of our colonial and all of our Revolutionary and
modern history.

Odd-Fellowship— Grand Lodge I. 0. 0. F.— The
following is a list of Grand Masters of the Grand
Lodge of Odd-Fellows :

David Philbrick, > Granite Lodge, No. 1, Nusliua, session of 1844-45.
Samuel H. Parker,' Wecoharaet, So. 3, Dover, session of 1845-46.
Nathaniel B. Baker, White Mountain, No. 5, Concord, session of
I84G-47.

George W. Towle, Piscataqua, No. 6, Poitamouth, session of 1847-48.

John C. Lyford, Mechanics' No. 13, Manchester, session of 1848-40.

Timothy G. Senter, i Piscataqua, No. 6, Portsmouth, session of 1849-511.

John T. Stevens, i Watatic, No. 14, New Ip.swich, session of 1850-61.

John Peabody,! Monadnock, No. 11, Mason village, session of 1851-52.

Stephen Brown, 1 White Mountain, No. 5, Concord, session of 1862-5:j.

Hon. Charles A. Tufts, Wecohaniet, No. 3, Dover, session of 1853-54.

George Canning Williams, ■ Coos, No. 35, Lancaster, session of 1854-55.

Moses M. Burbank, Merrimack, No. 28, Franklin, session of 18.'i5-56.

Joseph Kidder, Hillsborough, No. 2, Manchester, session of 1856-57.

William K. T.^pley, Wecohaniet, No. 3, Dover, session of 1857-58.

Stilman S. Davis, Granite, No. I , Nashua, session of 1858-50.

Joseph B. Smart, White Mountain, No. 5, Concord, session of 1859-60.

George W. Weeks, Mechanics', No. 13, Manchester, session of 1860-61.

Edwin C. Stone, Merrimack, No. 28, Franklin, session of 1861-62.

Benjamin M. Parker, 2 Piscataqua, No. 6, Portsmouth session of
1862-63.

William P. Buell, i Granite, No. 1, Nashua, session of 1863-64.

John S. McFarland, White Mountain, No. 5, Concord, session of
1864-65.

Ira Doe, Motolinia, No. 18, Rochester, session of 186.5-66.

John L, Spring, Custos Morum, No. 42, Milford, session of 1866-67.

True Osgood, i 'White Mouutaiu, No. 5, Concord, session of 18i;7-68.

Charles H. Brown, Mechanics', No. 13, Manchester, session of 1868-69.

Joseph H. Gardiner, New Hampshire, No. 17, Portsmouth, session of
1869-70.

Orlando P. Smart, Granite, No. 1, Nashua, session of 1870-71.

Amos Jones,' Mascoma, No. 20, Lebanon, session of 1871-72.

Thomas L. Tibbitts, i Wecohaniet, No. 3, Dover, session of 1872-73.

Marvin T. Tottingham, Beaver Brook, No. 30, Keene, session of 1873-74.

Samuel J. Osgood, ' Winnipiseogee, No. 7, Lacouia, session of 1874-75.

Hon. George A. Cummings, White Mountain, No. 5, Concord, session
of 1875-70.

Alonzo F. Craig, I Pitcataqua, No. r, Portsmouth, session of 1876-77.

Henry A. Farriugton, WMIdey, No. 45, Manchester, session of 1877-78.

Rev. Luther F. McKinney, Fraternity, No. 56, South Newmarket,
session of 1S78-70.

John H. Albin, Crescent, No. 60, Henniker, session of 1879-80.

George A. Robie, Friendship, No. 19, Hooksett, session of 1880-81.

Frank A. Rawson, Sugar River, No. 55, Newport, session of 1881-82.

James W. Odlin, Sagamore, No. 9, Exeter, session of 1882-83.

Hon. Horace A. Brown, Rumford, No. 46. Concord, session of 1883-84.

Rev. Lewis Malvern, Winnipiseogee, No. 7, Laconia, session of 1884-86,

The following is a list of Grand Secretaries of
Grand Lodge of Odd-Fellows:

George H. H. Silsby, White Mountain Lodge, No. 5, Concord, session
of 1844-53.
Joseph B. Smart, White Mountain, No. 5, Concord, session of 18,54-56.
Mitchell Gilmore, White Mountain, No. 5, Concord, session ol 1857-63.
Joel Taylor,! Hillsborough, No. 2, Manchester, session of 1804-77.
Joseph Kidder, Hillsborough, No. 2, Manchester, session of 1878-85.

Penacook Encampment, No. 3, was instituted No-
vember 26, 1844.

White Mountain Lodge, No. 5, was instituted Feb-
ruary 7, 1844.

Tahanto Encampment, No. 18.

Contoocook Lodge, No. 26, was instituted in 1846.

Rumford Lodge, No. 46, was instituted December
23, 1867.

Merrimack County Odd-Fellows' Relief Asso-
ciation.

U. 0. of P. F.— John Carver Colony, No. 10, was
organized February, 1880.

Knights of Pythias.— Concord Lodge, No. 8, was
instituted November 18, 1870.

Endowment Rank, Section No. 11.

Ancient Order of Hibernians.— Concord Lodge.

A. 0. ofU. W.-lviuitv Lodge.

118

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Knights of Honor, — Granite Lodge, No. 225, K. of I
H., was organized March 23, 1876. j

Kearsage Lodge, No. 276, was organized May, 1875. 1

Grand Army of the Republic. — E. E. Sturtevant
Post, No. 2.

William I. Brown Post, No. .31, Penacook, was
organized May, 1875.

Davis Post, No. 44, West Concord, was organized
July 30, 1879. ,

Temperance. — Woman's Christian Temperance I
LTnion.

State Capitol Lodge, 1. 0. G. T., No. 42.

West Concord Temperance Eeform Club.

Crystal Fount Division, No. 16, S. of T.

Merrimack Division, No. 20, S. of T., was organ-
ized April 22, 1872.

Penacook Division, No. 58, S. of T., was organized
September 8, 1873.

Concord Commandery, No. 84, U. 0. G. C, was
instituted November 14, 1879.

Dustin Island Lodge, I. 0. of G. T.

Penacook Lake Lodge, No. 10, I. O. of G. T.

St. John's Catholic Total Abstinence Society.

Other Societies. — Centre District Medical Society.

Concord Female Charitable Society was estab-
lished in 1812, and is the oldest benevolent associa-
tion in Concord. The officers are elected for three
years, with a board of twelve directors, four of which
go out each year.

Eastman Association.

Concord Female Benevolent Association was or-
ganized in 1835.

Concord Y. M. C. Association.

Fisherville Library Association was organized
in August, 1865.

Penacook Y. M. C. Association was organized in
1875.

Northern Mutual Eelief Association was incorpo-
rated in November, 1863.

The Rolfe and Eumford Asjdum was founded in
1852 by the Countess of Rumford, and was opened
for the reception of inmates January, 1880. It is
situated on Hall Street, near Water. This asylum is
for destitute native female children of Concord.
Joseph B. Walker, president; S. S. Kimball, treas-
urer ; Enoch Gerrish, secretary ; Francis A. Fisk,
Joseph B. Walker, Jesse P. Bancroft, Enoch Gerrish,
Samuel S. Kimball, trustees.

New Hampshire Dental Society was organized in
1876.

New Hampshire Pharmaceutical Association.

Provident Mutual Relief Association was incorpo-
rated in July, 1878.

New Hampshire Homceopatliic Medical Society.

New Hampshire Medical Society.

Orphans' Home is situated on Dunbarton road, near
Millville.

New Hampshire Centenuiid Home for the Aged
was incorporated in 1876.

New Hampshire Home Missionary Society wa.s
instituted in 1801 and incorporated in 1807.

Women's Auxiliary Society.

New Hampshire Branch Concord Auxiliary of
Women's Baptist Missions.

Ministers' and Widows' Charitable Fund of New
Hampshire was organized in 1813.

St. Patrick's Benevolent Society was incorporated
June, 1873.

French Canadian Society.

CHAPTER VI.

CONCORD— (Co/!(m!ifd).

CIVIL HISTORY.

The Fii-st Town-House— City Hall— Jail— Plantation, Piirisli and Town
Clerks from 17;i2 to 1885— Representatives from 1775 to 1885 — Incor-
poration of the City— Firet Charter Election— Oftioers Chosen- iir-
ganization of City Government— Mayors, Aldermen antl Menibei-s of
Common Council from 1853 to 1885.

Civil History, Etc. — The old town-house and
court-house was built in 1792 and enlarged in 1823.
A county building of brick was erected in 1844.
These were occupied until the erection of the present
city hall, in 1854 and 1855, for the joint use of the
city and county. The north wing is used for the
county and the south wing for the city. It is a large
and commodious brick structure, located on the north
side of Main Street.

The present jail was erected in 1852 at a cost of
about eleven thousand dollars. It is located near the
junction of Pleasant and Washington Streets. Prior
to this time the county used the Hopkinton jail,
which, previous to the organization of Merrimack
County, had been the county prison of Hillsborough
County.

The following is a list of plantation, parish and
town clerks from 1732 to 1885:

Banj. Rolfe, 1732 to 1747, and in 1706, '67 and 'OS.

Ezra Carter, 1747-48.1

Timothy Walker, Jr., 17G9, '70, '71, '72, '73, '74, '75, '76, '77.

John Kimball, 1778 to 1780.

Caleb Chase, 1787 to 1795.

John Odlin, 179G to 1819.

Francis N. Fisk, 1819 to 1829.

John West, 1829 to 1833.

Samuel Coffin, 1833 to 1836.

Jonathan E. Lang, 1836-,'57.

Robert E. I'ecker, 1838-39.

Jacob C. Carter, 1840, '41, '42.

John P. Johnson, 1843, '44, '45, '46, '50, '52, '53.

Geo. H. H. Silsby, 1848^9.

Wm. D. Robi

1851.

The following is a list of Representatives from
1775 to 1885:

1 About this time the rights and privileges guaranteed by the District
Act ceased, and Rumford, already involved in controversy with the pro-
prietoi-s of Bow, was destitute of government. There is a chasm in the
records till 1765.— Boii(.»i.

CONCORD.

Peter Green, 1785 '80, '87, '88, '89, '90.

John Bl-adley, 1787, '90, '92, '96, 1802.

Robert Ambrose, 1789.

W'ni. Duncan, 1791-94.

Daniel Livermore, 1794-95.

Wni. A. Kent, 1797, 1801, '03, '04, '05.

Jacob Abbot, 1798, '99, 1800.

Samuel Green, 1806, '07, '08.

Steven Ambrose, 18.9, '10, '11, '12, '1:!.

Thoma.s W. Thompson, 1813-14.

1816.— Uichard Ayer and George Hougli.

181G.— George Hough and John Odiin.

1817.— John Odlin and William A. Kent.

1818.— T. W. Thompson and William A. Jieiit.

1819.— Abial Walker and Nathan Ballard, Jr.

1820.— Stephen Ambrose and Nathaniel Abbot,

1821.— Stephen Ambrose and Nathaniel Abbot.

1822.— No choice.

1823.— Stepl»-ii Ambniso and Samuel Fletcher.

1824.-Sanini-I I !• -. Ir i n,.! KirlKird Bradley.

1825.— Kklui' i: . ,1 nincisN. Fisk.

1827. -Jt

ard, Jr., and George

1828.- Jacob B. Uluore, Ricliard Bradley and Samuel Herbert.

1829. — Kichard Bradley, Samuel Herbert and Robert .\mbrose.

1830. -Robert Ambrose, Kichard Bartlett and Theodore French.

1831.— Richard Bartlett, Theodore French and David George.

1832. — David George, William Kent and Samuel -V. Kimball.

1833.— Abel Baker. Isaac Emery and Charles H. Peaslee.

1834. — Charles H. Peaslee, Jeremiah Pecker and Joseph P. Stickney.

1835.— Charles H. Peaslee, Jeremiah Pecker and Isaac Emery.

1S30.— Charles H. Peaslee, Ezra Carter, William Dow and Ebcnezer
Eastman.

1837 Ezra Carter, Ebenezev Eastman, William Dow and Luther

Roby.

1838.— Joseph Low, George Kent, Cyrus Robinson and Abiel Rolfe.

1839.— Abiel Rolfe, Cyrus Robinson, William Kent and Ira Perley.

1840.— Moses Shute. Abiel C. Carter and Jacob Hoit.

1841. — Joseph Robinson, Moses Shute, Abiel C. Carter and Jacob
Hoit.

1842.— No choice.

1843.— No choice.

1844.— No choice.

1845.— Jacob Carter, Nathaniel Rolfe, Jeremiah S. Noyes, Asa Fowler
and William Page.

1846.— Jacob Carter and Laban Page.

1847.— Edmund Worth, Laban Page, Asa Fowler, Cyrus Robinson,
Joel C. Danforth and Simeon .\bbot.

1848.— Simeon Abbot, Edmund Worth, Joel C. Danforth, Asa Fowler,
Cyrus Robinson and Chase Hill.

1849.— Luther Roby, Perley Cleaves, Cyrus Hill, Charles H. Norton
and William Page.

1850.— Perley Cleaves, Cyrus Hill, Charles H. Norton, John L. Ti,l-
lant, George F. Sanborn, Nathaniel B. Baker and Ebenezer Symnu-s.

1851.— Nathaniel B. Baker.

1852.— Nathaniel White, Shadrach Seavey, Benjamin F. Gale, Nathan
Chandler, Joseph Eastman and Caleb Parker.

1853. — Jeremiah S, Noyes, John H. George, John Sawyer, William H.
Page, James Frye, James Moore, Henry P. Rolfe and Benjamin F. Di>w.

1854. — Jeremiah S. Durgin, James Frye, Joseph Eastmau, Shadrach
Seavey, Charles Sniart, Robert N. Corning, David M. Dearborn, Caleb
Parker, George Clough, Jeremiah S. Noyes.

1855.— Jeremiah S. Durgin, George G. Virgin, George W. Brown, Ed-
ward H. Rollins, William Ballard, Robert N. Corning, Lucius B. Morrill,
George Clough, Peter Sanborn, James M. Otis.

1856.— Abiel Rolfe, Abraham Bean, George W. Brown, Edward U.
Rollins, William Ballard, Lucius B. Morrill, Henry A. Bellows, Peter
Sanborn, .Joseph L. Jackson, James M. Otis.

1857.— Abiel Eolfe, Abraham Bean, Moses Humphrey, Edward H.
Rollins, Charles Smart, Henry A. Bellows, James Sedgley, Joseph L.
Jackson, Napoleon B. Bryant, William G. Whitney.

1858.— Albert H. Drown, Samuel B. Larkin, Moses Humphrey, Asa
MacFarland, Reuben G. Wyman, James Sedgley, John Kimball, Na-
poleon B, Bryant, George B. Wallace, William G. Whitney.

1859.— Albert H. Drown, Samuel B. Larkin, Elbridge Dinunid. Asa
JlacFarland, Reuben G. Wyman, John Kimball, Gilbert Bullock, Na-
|iol<-<.n B. Bryant, George B. Wallace, Charles E. Thoniiison.

I860.— David A. Brown, John L. Tallaut, Elbridge Dimond, Sanuiel
Coffin, Charles H. Herbert, Gilbert Bullock, Henry S. Shattuck, David
J. Abbott, Lyman D. Stevens, Charles E, Thompson.

1861.— David A. Brown, John L. Tallaut, Ira Rowoll, Samuel Coflin,
Charles H. Herbert, Henry S. Shattuck, Enos Blake, David J. Abbott,
Lyman D. Stevens, Benjamin Green.

1862.-^ohn Whittaker, William Pecker, Ira Rowell, John T. Mug-
ridge, William L, FostiT, Eih.s Blake, William E. Chandler, Charles P.
Sanborn, Henry 1' t n; k i i,^, h. iijamin Green.

1863.- Saniib ] ^i i '' iiu Pecker, Hiram Farnuni, John Y.
Mngridge, Willi .. I i \\ illiam E. Chandler, Henry P. Rolfe,

Charles P. Saubum, U.^uiy T. Lliickering, James Thompson.

1864.— Samuel Merriam, Samuel Hutchins, Hiram Farnum, Isaac El-
well, Cyrus W. Paige, William E. Chandler, Henry P. Rolfe, Stephen
Webster, Charles W. Davis, James Thompson.

1865.— John Batchelder, Samuel Hutchins, Daniel Holden, Isaac El-
well, Cyrus W. Paige, Henry C. Sherburne, ^athaniel G. Upham, Charles
W. Davis, Lewis Downing, Daniel Kuowlton.

1866, — John Batchelder, Sylvester Stevens, Daniel Holdeu, Joseph B.
Walker, Ezra Ballard, Nathaniel G, Upham, David A. Warde, Lewis
Downing, Lyman D. Stevens, Daniel Knowltou.

1867,- John S. Brown, Sylvester Stevens, Stephen Carlton, Joseph B.
Walker Ezra Ballard, David A. Warde, James E. Larkin, Lyman D.
Stevens, George Hutchins, Robert Hall.

1868.- John S. Brown, Charles Smith, Stephen Carlton, John .1. West,
Benjamin E. Badger, James E. Larkin, Augustine C, Pierce, George
Hutchins, Joseph W. Prescott, Robert Hall.

1869.— William H, Allen, Charles Smith, Henry Farnum, John A.
West, Benjamin E, Badger, Augustine C. Pierce, Ephraim W. Wood-
ward, Joseph W. Prescott, Calvin C. Webster, George F. Whittredge.

1870.— William H. Allen, Harrison Bean, Henry Farnum, Ira Perley,
James N. Lauder, Sanmel M. Griffin, Ephraim W. Woodward, George
A. Cummings, Calvin C. Webster, Beiyamin A. Kimball, George F.
Whittredge.

1871.— Robert B. Hoit, Stephen C'ail,. T^- <:•.„„•„ V TTuldon, James N.
Lauder, Sanuiel M. Griffin, Benjiiiiiii. ~ \^ < i ^.' .V, Cummings,

George A. Pillsbury, Asa Fowler, Si I : I , I iii:hi T, Flint.

1872.— Robert B. Hoit, , John A. lb 1 ~, Ml"ii -i. v - us, Benj.imin F.

Holden, Benjamin S, Warren, .Jacob 11, (ialliiiser, George W. Emerton,
George A. Pillsbury, Parsons B. Cogswell, John H. Albiu, Asa Fowler,
George E Todd, Charles P. Virgin, Lyman T. Flint.

1873. — fohn A. Holmes, David .\. Brown, Albert Stevens, Jacob H.
Gallinger, George W. Emerton, Charles P. Blanchard, Parsons B. Cogs-
well, John H. Albin, George E, Jenks, George E. Todd, Charles V.
Virgin. Henry C. Sturtevant, Daniel Wyman.

1874.— Nathan Chandler, William H. Bell, Charles W. Blake, Augus-
tine C. Carter, Charles P. Blanchard, Luther P. Durgin, Ebenezer S,
Towle, George E, Jenks, Button Woods, Henry C. Sturtevant, Charles
P. Moore, Samuel F. Morrill, Daniel Wyman, Daniel S. Webster.

1875,- Nathan Chandler, David Putnam, Charles W. Blake, Daniel
Holden, Luther P. Durgin, John Ballard, Horace A. Brown, Button
Woods, Charles P. Sanborn, Moses Humphrey, Charles P. Moore, Samuel
F. Monill, John Y. Mngridge, Daniel S. Webster, Benjamin F. Gale.

1876.— David Putnam, William H. Bell, Cyrns R, Robinson, Abijali
Hollis, Horace A. Brown, John Ballard, Oliver Pillsbury, Charles P.
Sanborn, Moses Humphrey, Stillman Humphrey, Moses W, Dickerman,
Joseph C. A. Hill, John C. Kilburn, Benjamin F. Gale, John H.
Lamprey.

1877.— Kufus Cass, Timothy C. Rolfe, Cyrus R. Robinson, Wyman
W. Holden, Oliver Pillsbury, George A. Young, WiUiam B. Stevens,
Stillman Humphrey, Jonathan E. Sargent, Edward Dow, Moses W.
Dickerman, Joseph C, A. Hill, John C. Kilbum, John H. Lamprey, An-
drew S. Smith.

1878.— Timothy C. Rolfe, William W. Allen, Henry F. Campbell, Wy-
man W. Holden, George A. Young, William E. Stevens, Jonathan E.
Sargent, Edward Dow, Joseph Wentworth, Charles C. Lund, Jonathan
L. Pickering, Andrew S. Smith, Moses Critchett.

1879-80.— William W. Allen, Henry F. Campbell, John Thornton,
William D. Ladd, Henry Robinson, Charles C. Danforth, Edgar H.
Woodman, Charles C. Lund, George E. Lawrence, John B. Flanders.

1881-82.— Nathaniel S. Gale, Rufus Virgin, Henry Robinson, Enoch
Gerrish, Howard A. Dodge, William E. Chandler, Walter Harriman,
Leland A. Smith, Jeremiah S. Abbott.

188.3-84.— John P. Locke, Moses H. Farnum, Frank E. Brown,
Samuel C. Eastman, Charles U. Jones, Charles R. Coming,
Wentworth G. Shaw, John H. Carr, George Cook, Ebenezer B. Hutch-
inson, Jacob E Hutchins.

120

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

188o-86.^Iohn G. Tallant, Charles L. Rowe, J. Perry Kittredge,
Trank S. Streeter, Charles T. Huntoon, Lyman Jackman Prescott F-
Stevens, George Clough, Henry W. Oapp, Robert A. Kay, Leonidas H.
Clough.

Concord was incorporated as a city July 6, 1849.
but the charter was not adopted until March 10, 1853.

The first charter election was held March 26, 1853,
with three candidates for mayor in the iield, — Richard
Bradley, Asa Fowler and Joseph Low. The vote
was as follows : Bradley, 644; Low, 749; Fowler, 126.
Low not having a majority, a second election was
held April 5th, when he was chosen by a majority of
192, his opponent being Mr. Bradley. The following
officers were chosen at the March election :

^/<ien)!«i.— Ward 1, John Batchelder ; Ward 2, John L. Tallant;
Ward 3, Joseph Eastman ; Ward 4, Robert Davis ; Ward 5, Edson Hill ;
Ward 6, Matthew Harvey ; Ward 7, Josiah Stevens.

Common Council.— Vf^ii 1, Jeremiah S. Durgin, Ebcn F. Elliot;
Ward 2, Samuel B. Larkin, Heman Sanborn ; Ward 3, George W-
Brown, Moses Humphrey ; Ward 4, Kzra Carter, George Minot ; Ward
6, William H. H. Bailey, Cyrus Barton ; Ward 6, Ebenezer G. Moore,
Thomas Bailey ; Ward 7, Moaes Shute, Giles W. Ordway.

Aseessors and Jlioderator*.— Ward I.Nathan Chandler, assessor; Jere-
miah S. Durgin, moderator. Ward 2, William Pecker, assessor;
Timothy W. Emery, moderator. Ward 3, John Abbot, assessor ; Daniel
Holden, moderator. Ward 4, Jonathan E. Lang, assessor; Jchn H.
George, moderator. Ward 6, Nathan Call, assessor ; John L. Hadley,
moderator. Ward 6, William M. Carter, assessor ; N. B. Baker, modera-
tor. Ward 7, Jeremiah S. Noyes, assessor ; Josiah Stevens, moderator.

CicrAs.— Ward 1, James D Page ; Ward 2, John M. Dearborn ; Ward
3, Elbridge Dimond ; Ward 4, J. B. Smart ; Ward 5, Mitchell Gilmore ;
Ward 6, John F. Brown ; Ward 7, James M. Otis.

Se(ec(men.— Ward 1, Albert H. Drown, Samuel F. Brown, Rufus D.
Scales ; Ward 2, Thos. D. Potter, Isaac Virgin, Zebulon Smith ; Ward 3,
Simeon Abbot, Hiram Farnum, Jeremiah S. Abbot ; Ward 4, Lyman A.
Walker, Thos. A. Ambrose, Jas. H. Buswell ; Ward 5, Jona. Sargent,
Beoj. CofBn, Jr., George A. Pillsbury ; Ward 6,
H. Mace, Caleb Parker
James Thompson.

School Board— ■Wa.nl 1, Edmund Worth ; Ward 2, Henry A. Kendall ;
Ward 3, Asa P. Tenney ; Ward 4, Eleazer Smith ; Ward 5, Cha«. P.
Gage; Ward 6, Jas. W, Sargent ; Ward 7, Josiah Stevens.

The city government was organized April 6, 1853.
The oath of office was administered to the mayor by
Hon. Josiah Minot. Cyrus Barton was chosen presi-
dent of the Common Council and W. H. H. Bailey
clerk pro tern. At au adjourned meeting, held April
9th, John F. Brown was elected city clerk, Wm. H.
Bartlett city solicitor, and Amos Hadley clerk of the
Common Council.

The following is a list of mayors, aldermen and
members of the Common Council, prepared expressly
for this work by Deacon Daniel F. Secomb :

MAYORS.
1853.— Joseph Low, died August 28, 1859, aged sixty-nine years.
1855.— Rufus Clement, died January 13, 1866, aged fifty years.
1856.— John Abbott,

1859.— Moses T. Willard, died May 30, 1883, aged seventy -seven years.
1861.— Moses Humphrey.

1863.— Benjamin F. Gale, died December, 1879, aged sixty years.
1865.— Moses Htmiphrey.
1806.— John Abbott.
1868.— Lyman D. Stevens.
1870.— Abraham G. Jones.
1872.— John Kimball.
1876.— George A. Pillsbury.
1878. — Horace A. Brown.
1880.— George A. Cummings.
1882.— Edgar H. Woodman.

ALDERMEN.

Wakd 1.

1853.— John Batchelder, born September 2, 1799 ; died October 20,

1870, aged seventy years.

1854.— Henry H. Amsden, died December 6, 1809, aged fifty-three

18.55.— Albert H. D.own.

1857.— David A. Brown.

1859.— Jacob B. Rand.

1861. — Samuel Merriam.

1803.— John A. Holmes.

1867.— Jeremiah S. Durgin, died January, 1868, aged fifty-seven yeara.

1868.— David Putnam, died 1879.

1869.— William H. Bell.

1871.— John Whittaker.

1872.— John S. Brown.

1874.— Charles H. Amsden.

1876.— John Whittaker.

1877. — John C. Lineham.

1878.— Franklin A. Abbott.

1879.— Nathaniel S. Gale (resigned) and John H. Rolfe.

1880.— John Carter.

1882.— J. E. Marden.

1884.— Henry F. Brown.

Ward 2.
1853.— John L. Tallant.

1855.— Samuel Clifford, died February 6, 1879, aged eighty-six years.
1856.— Ebenezer Eastman.

1858.— Jacob A. Potter, died April 28, 1865, aged sixty-six years.
1860. — Samuel Eastman.
1862.— Thomas D. Potter, died March 2, 1873, aged seventy-seven

1864.— Timothy W. Emery, died May 29, 1875, aged sixty-one years.

1866.— John P. Locke.

1868. — Thompson Tenney.

1870.— Joseph T. Clough.

1872.- George H. Curtis.

1874.- John B. Curtis.

1870.- John G. Tallant.

1878.— John T. Tenney.

1879. — Cyrus R. Robinson.

18.•^0.— Josiah S. Locke.

1882.— Charles H. Clough.

1884.— Charles H. Sanborn.

1853.— Joseph Eastman.

18.54.-John Abbott (mayor, 1856).

1855.— Moses Humphrey (mayor, 1861).

1857.— Elbridge Dimond.

1859.— Ira Rowell, died June 14, 1876, aged seventy-nine ye

1861.— William D. Colby.

1803.— Henry Martin.

1865.— John V. Aldrich.

1867.— George W. Flanders.

1869.— William H. Brown.

1871.— Alfred 0. Abbott.

1873.— Daniel Holden.

1875

r J. Holn

1877.— Jehiel D. Knight.
1878.— Beiyamiu T. Putney.
1880.— Omar L. Shepard.
1882.— Albert Saltmarch.
1883.— Chandler Eastman.

Wakd 4.
1863 —Robert Davis, died March 19, 1861, aged seventy-one years.
1854.— Samuel Coffin, died September 27, 1805, aged seventy-one j-ears
1855.— William Prescott, died October IS, 1875, aged eighty-six years.
1857.— Moses T. Willard (mayor, 1869).
1869.— Shadrach Seavey, died January 31, 1880, aged seventy-two

1802.— Ezra Ballard, died May 7, 1872, aged sixty-nine years.

1864.— Joshua B. Merrill.

1806.— Charles H. Herbert.

1868.— Horace A. Brown (mayor, 1878).

1870.— Luther P. Durgin.

1S72.— Joseph B. Walker.

CONCOKD.

121

1874.— Aimer C. Holt.

1876. — Samue

1878.— Samuel M. Griffin.

1880.— Emory N. SheparU.

1882. -Oliver Pillsbury and John C. Thorn.

1884.— Eichard M. Ordway and Frank L. Sanders.

18.53.-

1 Hill.

1854,— True Osgood, born January 21, 1814 ; died February 24, 1884,
aged seventy years.

1865.— John Brown, died March 4, 1803, aged sixty -two years.

1857. -Enos Blake.

1859.— Robert N. Corning, died June 1.3, 1860, aged forty-seven years.

1800.— Bradbury Gill, died December 13, 1881, aged seventy-five years.

1801.— Wentworth G. Shaw.

1863.— Nicholas Quimby, died August 11, 1873, aged seventy-seven

1865.— Curtis White.

1807.- Abraham G. Jones (mayor, 1870).

1809.— Daniel F. Seconib.

1871.— ?tillman Humphrey.

1873.— George A. Pillsbury (mayor, 1870).

1875.— George A. Cummings (mayor, 1880).

1877.— Joseph A. Cochran.

1879.- William H. Buntin.

1880.— Edward Dow.

1882.— Henry A. Mann.

1884.— Albert B. Woodworth and Irving S. King.

WAEn 6.
1853.— Matthew Han-ey, died April 7, 1800, aged eighty-four yeare.
1854. — George B. Chandler, died at St. Josephs, Mich., October 28,
1878, aged seventy -five years.
1856.- William Kent.
1858.— Ebenezer G. Moore, died March 2, 1870, aged seventy-three

1859.— Caleb Parker, died January 18, 1874, aged sixty -three years.

1861.— Beujamin F. Gale (mayor, 1803).

1803,— Abraham J. Prescott.

1865.— Edward P. Prescott.

1867.— Henrj- T. Chickering.

1870.— John D. Teel.

1871.— Enoch L. Childs.

1873.— Albe J. Hall.

1674.— James L. Mason.

1870.— Byron G. Merrill.

1878.— Henry W. Clapp.

1880.— John T. Batchelder.

1882.— Joseph H. Lane and Gardner B. Emmons.

1884,— Loland A. Smith.

WARn 7.
1853.— Josiah Stevens, died April 17, 1869, aged seventy-four years.
18.34.— Moses Shute, died March 13, 1858, aged sixty-eight years.
18,55.— Samuel Pease.
1857.— George F. Whittredge.

1859.— Joseph Hazleton, died December 31, 1880, aged eighty-oue
years.
1861.— Josiah Cooper.
1863,— William Walker, died November 22, 1882, aged seventy-two

1865,— Daniel S, Webster.

1867.— Isaac Clement, died May 30, 1875, aged seventy-one years.
1869.— Nathan W. Gove, died .August 8, 1871, aged fifty-four years.
1871.— Andrew S. Smith.
1873.— Jacob E. Hutchins.
1875.— Isaac N, Abbott,

1877.— Henry Churchill, born in Brookfleld, N. H., June 20, 1834,
died March 18, 1885.
1879.— Charles E. Thompson.
1880.— John H. Lamprey.
1884.— Daniel B. Smith.

CITY CLERK.S.
1853.- John F. Brown, died July 26, 1878, aged sixty-three years.
1854.- David Watson, died March 26, 1807, aged seventy-eight years.
1862.— William A. Hodgdon.

1865.— Charles F. Stewart, died October 14, 1869, aged sixty-four years.
1879. — Joseph A. Cochran.

COMMON COUNCILMEN.
Winn 1.
1853.— Jeremiah S. Durgin (alderman 1807) and Eben F. Elliott.
1854.— Rufus D. Scales and Nathaniel C. Elliott.
1855.- Robert B. Hoit and Jacob B. Rand, 1850 (alderman 1869).
1857.— Timothy C. Rolfe (died November7, 1884, aged sixty-six years)
and Jeremiah F. Runnels, 1858 (died October 9, 1868, aged forty-four

1859.— Andrew P. Bennett and Cyrus W. Lincoln.

1861. — Alfred A.Eastman (died September 3, 1861, aged twenty-eight
years) and Hiram Simpson (resigned) and Nathaniel Rolfe.

1802.— George P. Meserve.

1863. — Harvey Chase.

1864.— Amos Hoit (died Febmarj- 3, 1876, aged seventy.six years) and
Hazen Knowlton.

1866.— Edward Runnels and Hezekiah S. Durgin (alderman 1867).

1807.— Hiram F. Simpson (died September 5, 1867, fifty-four yeare) and
John Whittaker (alderman 1871).

1868.— William A. Bell (alderman 1869) and Cyrus Runnels.

1869.— Cephas A. Fowler.

1870.— Job S. Davis.

1871.— Franklin A. Abbott (alderman 1878) and Daniel G. Holmes.

1872.— John C. Linehan (alderman 1877).

1874.— Rufus Cass.

1875.— Andrew P. Bennett.

1870.— Frederick G. Chandler.

1877.— Edward Runnels.

1878.— John Carter.

1879. — Jerome S. Runnels.

1880.— Henry Rolfe and Sherwin P. C«lby.

1882.— John W. Powell.

1884.- David F. Dudley.

Ward 2.
185,3.-Samuel B. Larkin (died August 8, 1863, aged sixty-five years)
and Heman Sanborn.
1855.— Charles Sanborn and Ephraim S. Colby.
1856.— James Locke and William Pecker.
1858.— Timothy W. Emery (alderman 1804) and Isaac Virgin.
1860. - Zebulon Smith and William Abbott.
1862.— Sylvester Stevens and John B. Curtis (alderman 1874).
1864.— Kufus Virgin and John P. Locke (alderman 1800).
1866.— Thompson Tenney (alderman 1868) and David A. Morrill.
1868 — Joseph T. Clough (alderman 1870) and Jonathan P. Leavitt.
1870.— Daniel Sanborn and Josiah S. Locke (alderman 1880).
1872.— William A. Bean and Solomon Sanders.
1873.— John G. Tallant (alderman 1876).
1874.— Zebina C. Perkins.
1875.— Elbridge Emery.
1876.— John T. Tenney (alderman 1878).
1877.— John T. Batchelde.-.
1878.— John E. Frye.
1879.- John B. Sanborn.
1880.— Charles H. Sanborn and John N. Hill,
1882,— Fales E. Virgin.
1884.— Samuel L. French.

WARn 3.

1857.— Benjamin F. Holden (died November 29, 1874, aged sixty-eight
yeare) and Henry Famum.

1859.— Stephen Carleton and William D. Colby (alderman 1861).

1861.— Moses H. Famum and Henry Martin (alderman 1863).

1803.— George W. Flandere (alderman 1867) and John V. Aldrich
(alderman 1865).

1805.— Henry Farnuni.

1800. — Harrison Partridge.

1807.— Jacob N. Flandere.

1868.— John Thornton.

1809.— Beiy'amin Famum and Reuben K. Abbott.

1870.— <;harles H. Famum.

1871.— Franklin J. Emereon and Jehiel D. Knight (alderman 1877).

1872. — Charles H. Farnum and Daniel C. Tenney.

1873.— Andrew S. Farnum.

1874.— Lyman Sawyer.

1875.— Charles H. Merrill.

122

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

187G.— Benjamin T. Putney (alderman 1878).
1877.— Stephen W. Kellom and IraC. Phillips.
1878.— Albert Saltmarsh, 1879, and .\bial C. Abbott.
1880. — James Francis and George B. Dimond.
1882.— Jeremiah Quinn.
1884.— Gilnian B. Dimond.

1858.— Ezra Carter and George Minot (died March 8, 1861, aged fifty-
four years).

1854.- Joseph P. Stickney (died April 19, 1877, aged eighty years) and
Joseph French (^d).

1855.— Rufus Merrill.

1867.— Uichard Bradley (died June 6, 18C9, aged seventy-nine years)
and Cyrus W. Page.

1858.— John C.Briggs, 1S59, died May 26, 1865, aged forty-one years.

1859.— John C. Pillsbury.

I860.— Ezra Ballard (alderman 18i2).

1861.— Moses A. Bradley.

1862.- Jefferson Noyes, died April, 1877, aged seventy-four years.

1863.— Daniel A. Hill, died June 7, 1878, aged sixty-seven years.

1864.— John A. West and John Ballard.

1866.— George W. Emerton.

1867.— Daniel Farnum.

1868.— John Hoyt, died August 24, 1869, aged fifty-eight yeare.

1869.— Luther P. Durgin (alderman 1870).

1870.— Abner C. Holt (alderman 1874) and Charles P. Blaudiard,
born March 4, 1812 ; died April 25, 1885, aged seventy-three years.

1872.— Daniel E. Howard, 1873, and Charles H. Critchett.

1873.— Richard M. Ordway.

1874.— Charles W. Moore, 1875.

1875.— George H. Hill.

1876.— John C. Thorn, 1877 (alderman 1882).

1877.— Emory N. Shepard (alderman 188U).

1878.— Nathaniel H. Shattuck.

1870.— Frank L. Sanders, 1880.

1880.— Oscar V. Pitman.

1882. — James F. Rooney, Edward .\. Moulton and Harrison \. Roby.

1S84.— William H. Renney and James K. Kennedy,

Ward 5.

1853.— William H. H. Bailey (died at Janesville, Wis., March 18, 1872,
aged fifty-five years) and Cyrus Barton, 1853 (died at London, February
17, 1855, aged fifty-eight years).

1864.— Silas G. Sylvester (died at AMneland, N. J., July 19, 1883, aged
seventy-one years) and Peter Dudley (died August 13, 1871 , aged sixty-
eight years).

1866.— James Sedgleyand John Kimball, 1857 (mayor 1872).

1857.— Nathaniel B. Walker.

1868.— Bradbury Gill (alderman 1860).

1859.— Wentworth G. Shaw, 1860 (alderman 1861).

I860.— William H. Buntin, 1861 (alderman 1879).

1861.- Nicholas Quimby (alderman 1863).

1863.— Abraham G. Jones, 1863 (mayor 1870).

1863.— Charles T. Lane.

1864.— Curtis White (alderman 1865).

1865.— Nathaniel J. Meade and Emery T. Staniels.

1867.— Philip Flanders, 1869, and Daniel F. Secomb (alderman 1869).

1869.— Stillman Humphreys, 1870 (alderman 1871).

1870.— James H. Chase, 1871.

1871.— Joel C. Danforth, 1872, died September 17, 1882, aged seventy-
three year^.

1872.— Cyrus N. Corning.

1873.— Joseph A. Cochran (alderman 1877).

1874.— Moses B. Critchett.

1875.— George A. Foster.

1876.— George F. Underbill.

1877.— A. B. Smith.

1878. — Henry A. Mann (alderman 1882).

1879.— Frank J. Batchelder.

1880.— Irvin S. Ring and Benjamin F. Caldwell.

1882.— Franklin S. Abbott.

1884.— Freeborn S. Abbott and Warren H. Corning.
Ward 6.

1853.— Ebenezcr G. Moore (alderman 1858) and Thomas Dailey.

1854.— William P. Hardy (died November 1, 1856, aged fifty-five years)
and Thomas J. Tuck.

1855.- Nathan Farley (died May 10, 1869, aged eighty years) and
David Winkley (died June 29, 1870, aged sixty-three yeai-s).

1856.— William Hart.

1867.— Stephen Webster.

1868.— Thomas H. Newhall, died January 21, 1860, aged flfty-flvt
years.

1859.— Benjamin Bolfe.

I860.— Abraham G. Jones (mayor 1870).

1861.— John D. Teel, 1862 (alderman 1870), and Lorenzo K. Peacock.

1863.— Charles P. Virgin and Thomas W. Stewart.

1865.— Henry T.Chickering, 1866 (alderman 1867) and Edward Don
(alderman 1880).

1867.— Lewis L. Mower, 1868, and Nathan H. Haskell.

1869.— Charles H. Abbott.

1870.- Prescott F. Stevens.

1871.— Joshua T. Kendall.

1872.— John L. T. Brown and Moses B. Smith, 1S74.

1874.— Alonzo Downing, died July 3, 1877, aged fifty-four yeare.

1875.— Calvin C. Webster.

1876.— Lewis B. Hoit.

1877.— Timothy Colby, died December 19, I88ti, aged sixty-four years.

1878.— Joseph C. A. Hill.

1879. — Joseph H. Lane and George H. Emory. 1S82.

1882.— Horace S. Fairbanks, Leonard W. Bean, Hiram C. llareh au.
Frank J. Batchelder.

. Ordway, died Man

1853.— Moses Shute (alderman 1854) ai
26, 1873, aged sixty-one years.

1854.— Joseph S. Lund (died December i7, 1882, aged eighty-two yeo
and Tsaac Abbott.

1855.— James Thompson and Charles A. Reed.

1867. — Josiah Cooper and Isaac Clement (alderman 1867).

1859.— John B. Flanders and Moses B. Abbott.

I860.— Jedediah C. Abbott.

1861. — Isaiah Robinson, died January 25, 1875, aged seventy-j^ei
yeai-s.

1862.-Charles W. Hazeltine.

1863.— James Weeks.

1864.— Isaac N. Abbott, 1865 (alderman 1875).

1865.— .lonathan Weeks. *

1866.— William S. Curtice, 1807, died August 4, 1875, aged sixty-(

1867.— Nathan W. Gove (alderman 1869).

1868.— Benjamin A. Hall, died November 21, 1883, aged sixty-f,
years.
1869.— Andrew S. Smith (alderman 1871.)
1870.— Jacob E. Htitchins.
1871.— George W. Chesley.
1872.^ames B. Fellows.
1873.— John Hazeltine.
1874. — James Thompson.
1875.— William Stevenson.
1876.- Henry Churchill, 1876 (alderman 1877).
1877.- E. A. F. Hammond and James W. Lane.
1879.— Charles H. Peacock and Jeremiah S. Abbott.
1880.— Henry F. Evans (resigned) and Daniel B. Smith.
1884.— George H. Mills.

CLERKS OF COMMON COUNCIL.
1853. — Amos Hadley.
1869. — Lewis L. Mower.

zed as fol-

The present city government is org
lows :

Mayor. — Edgar H. Woodman.

JJderjii™.- Ward 1, John E. Marden ; Ward 2, Charles H. Clough ;
Ward 3, Albert Saltmarsh; Ward 4, Emory M. Shepard, Oliver Pillsbury
and John C. Thorn ; Ward 5, Edward Dow and Henry A. Mann ; Ward

6, John T. Batchelder, Joseph H. Lace and Gardner B. Ennnons ; Ward

7, John H. Lamprey.

City Clerk. — Joseph A. Cochran.

Common Council. — President, George H. Emery; Ward!, John W.
Powell ; Ward 2, Fales P. Virgin ; Ward 3, Jeremiah Quinn ; Ward 4,
James F. Rooney, Edward ▲. Moulton and Harrison A. Roby ; Ward 5,
Irvin S. Ring and Freeborn S. Abbott ; Ward 6, George H. Emery. Hor-
ace S. Fairbanks and Leonard W. Bean ; Ward 7, Daniel B. Smith.
Clerk of Common Council, Lewis L. Mower.

CONCORD.

Oily rrcfunirei-.— William F. Thayer.
C'ttij Mesieiiger.— Richard P. Sanborn.
aiUeclor of riiJ:«s.— Thomas M. Lang

Baard of Biucafimi.— Union School District : John C. Thorn, term
expires March, 1885 ; Pareons B. Cogswell, term expires March, 1885 ;
Henrv J. Crippen, term expires March, 1885 ; Ai B. Thompson, term ex-
pires March, 188C ; William M. Chase, terra expires March, 1886 ; Geoi'ge
W. Crockett, term expires March, 1886 ; Joseph C. A. Hill, term ex-
pires March, 1887 ; Daniel B. Donovan, term expires March, 1887 ;
Charles R. Corning, term expires March, 1887.

iyupei-intendent of Schools. — Warren Clark.

SupeHiileading School (kmmUlees.— West Concord, District No. 3: Ella
E. Holden, term expires March, 1885; Frederick A. Eastman, term ex-
pires March, 18fiG; George R. Parmenter, term expires March, 1887.

East Concord, District No. 12 : George H. Curtis, term expii'es March,
1885 ; Elbridge Emery, term expires March, 1886.

Penacook, District No. 2(1 : William W. Allen, term expires March,
1885 ; Alfred E. Emery, term expires March, 1886 ; Edmund H. Brown,

Other Districts : William W. Flint, Charies B. Strong,' AWal Roire,2
George n. Curtis.

Truant Otficers.— John Connell, James E. Rand, Charles H. .Tones.

TViisfees.— Ward 1, Ahial Rolfe ; Ward 2, Joseph T. Clough ; Wartl 3,
Paul R. Holden ; Ward 4, William L. Foster; Ward 5, Henry W. Steveiis ;
Ward 6, James S. Norris ; Ward 7, Rev. Thomas G. Valpey i and William

Libr.

1.— Daniel F. Secomb.

Assessors.

Ward 1, Abial Rolfe; Ward 2, John G. Tallant ; Ward 3, Harrison
Partridge ; Ward 4, Gilbert H. Seavey ; Ward 5, Curtis White ; Ward 6,
George S. Dennett ; Ward 7, Jonathan B. Weeks. Chairman, Gilbert H.
Seavey ; Clerk, Abial Rolf.i.

City Watek-Works.

Water Commisnioners — Edgar H. Woodman, mayor, ex-oj^cio ; Samuel
S. Kimball, term expires March 31, 1885 ; Luther P. Durgin, term ex-
pires March 31, 1885 ; John Kimball, term expires March 31, 1886 ; Wil-
liam M. Chase, term expires March 31, 1886 ; James L. Mason, term
expires March 31, 1887 ; Joseph H. Abhott,2 term expires March 31, 1887.
President, John Kimball ; Clerk, William M. Chase.

Siifurinteiiilait of Water-Works.— V . Charles Hastings.

FlBE PEPARTMF.XT.

Chief Engineer.— John M. Hill.

Assistant Engineers. — For Precinct : Daniel B. Newhall, Joseph S. Mer-
rill, B. Frank Tucker. For I'euacook : William H. Allen. For East
Concord : John E. Frye. For West Concord : Harrison Partridge.

Steward Central Fire S(<i<ion.— Eben F. Richardson.

AsaUiant Steward Central Fire Station — George L. Osgood.

Superintendent of Fire -Kdi-m.— Eben F. Richardson.

PoCce i/iirfice.— Sylvester Dana.

Special Police Justice. — Benjamin E. Badger.

Cilg S'.(ici/or.— Robert A. Ray.

Cleri of Police Court.— Rufus P. Staniels.

City Marshal.-John Connell.

Assistant City Marshal— George W. Corey.

Street Department
CommiiSsioner of Highways. — Edgar H.
Superintendent of SlreetSy — James H. Rowell.

Overseers or the Poor.
For Ward 1 : J. Edwin Marden, Penacook. For Ward 2: Charle
Clough, East Concord. For Wards 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 : Joseph A. Corli
City Physician. — Dr. George Cook.
Ai^sijitarit City Physician. — Dr. Alfred E. Emery.
Health Officfrs.— John Connell, George Cook, Alfred E. Emery.

War
Moderators. — Ward 1, James
Ward 3, George R. Parmenter ; Ward 4, Benjai

Officers.
Frengli ; Wai-d 2, John B. Curtis ;
E. Badger ; Ward 6,

Charles C. Danforth ; Ward 6, George 0. Dickerman ; Ward 7, Harry G.

Se(cc(meii.— Ward 1, William H. Moody, Martin Nolan, Isaac P. Dur-
gin ; Ward 3, Isaac F. Potter, Edward J. Lyle, William P. Curtis ; Ward
3, George Trickey, George B. Little, Alvin C. Powell ; Ward 4, Charles
H. Jones, George F. Kelley, Nathaniel Bond ; Ward 5, Augustus H.
Wiggin, Warren H. Corning, Charles T. Lane ; Ward C, David L. Neal,
George L. Theobald, George L. Reed; Ward 7, Joseph E. Hutchinson,
Alfred Clark, Charles H. Critchett.

Ward Clerks.— V/siTi 1, Frederick M. Morse ; Ward 2, Frank P. Curtis ;
Ward 3, Fred. A. Eastman ; Ward 4, Charles A. Davis ; Ward 5, George
W. Lincoln ; Ward 6, Howard M. Cook ; Ward 7, George B. Whit

STATISTICAL.

Population of the city (census 1880) 13,845

Valuation of the city $9,877,874.00

Tax assessed for the year ?148,290.26

Bate of taxation $1.15 per $100

.11 per $1110 additional for Union School District.

.30 per $100 additional for precinct tax.

POLLS, VALUATIOP

The number of polls, and the t
ate in the city of Concord, since 1860.

Year. No. of Polls. Valuation.

1860 2,577 $4,307,192

1861 2,497 4,423,936

1862 2,350 4,308,568

1863 2,454 3,775,206

1864 2,539 3,832,800

1865 .... 2,495 5,549,002

1866 2,762 4,934,082

1867 2,822 6,006,774

1868 3,120 5,378,365

1869 3,205 6,581,459

1870 .3,187 6,751,928

1871 3,338 5,891,993

1872 3,767 6,917,054

1873 3,613 9,012,650

1874 3,784 9,000,626

1875 3,941 9,216,195

1876 3,911 9,222,625

1877 4,015 9,405,117

1878 3,869 9,241,485

1879 3,636 10,604,465

1880 3,672 10,160,686

1881 3,505 10,062,894

1882. Polls. Valuation.

Ward 1 402 $816,552

Ward 2 210 439,108

Ward 3 239 439,808

Ward 4 907 2,299,970

Ward 5 690 .3,200,206

Ward 6 820 2,462,007

Ward 7 393 643,881

Non-resident . . . . ....

3,601 $10,308,052

1883. Polls. Valuation.

Ward 1 447 $811,471

Ward 2 208 420,500

Ward 3 244 442,196

Ward 4 . . . . 8.35 2,176,700

Ward 6 . . . . 814 3,129,413

Ward 6 840 2,393,461

, Ward 7 428 649,470

Non-resident . . . . ....

3,816 810,023,216

1884. Polls. Valuation.

Ward 1 407 $805,023

Ward 2 212 414,708

Ward 3 245 463,839

Ward 4 956 2,147,933

Ward .'. 667 3,045,(X»

Ward 818 2,350,193

Ward 7 429 651,088

$47,082.25
46,290.48
50,945.01
60,293.82
89,931.97
158,787.29
116,192.97
146,173.49
126,889.71
146,791.64
133,953.94
137,844.70
141,122.97
158,281.13
171,046.61
176,234.68
163,768.29
177,040.27
162,038.53
1.55,964.99

Tax.

$10,373.39
4,811.94
4,913.00
35,356,97
49,356.47

38, C

7,715.17

38,845.05
55,244.56
42,509.03
8,899.85
1,604.46

169,498.95

124

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

'ittj bonds payable as follon-

When due.

Rate of ir

t. Payable.

Amount.

Jammry 1, 1885.

annually.

$2,0(10

April 1, 1885.

aemi-annnally.

5,000

November 1, 1886.

semi-annually.

9,000

January 1, 1886.

annually.

1,500

April 1, 1886.

semi-annually.

1,000

November 1, 1886.

semi-annually.

10,000

January 1,1887.

annually.

1,500

October 1, 188Y.

semi-annuaUy.

10,000

January 1, 1888.

annually.

1,000

October!, 1888.

semi-annually.

10,000

January 1, 1889.

annually.

2,000

October 1, 1889.

semi-annually.

10,000

January 1, 1890.

annually.

•2,000

October 1, 1890.

semi-annually.

8,500

January 1, 1891.

annually.

1,000

October 1,1891.

semi-annually.

6,250

November 1, 1891.

semi-annually.

6,000

October 1, 1892.

semi-annually.

2,000

November 1, 1892.

semi-annually.

10,000

October 1, 1893.

4,250

November 1, 1893.

semi-annually.

8,000

October 1, 1894.

semi-annually.

4,000

November 1, 1894.

semi-annually.

7,000

October 1, 1895,

semi-annually.

3,000
5125,000

A'ofe* on account of ejctention of park and capUol streets.
August 1, 1886. 4 semi-annually. ?6,000

August 1, 1886. 4 semi-aunually. 6,0(X1

8136,0(10

Bonds overdue, not presented $500.00

Coupons overdue, not presented .... 397.50

Interest accrued, not yet due 2,286,67

Due school districts 2,244,41

S6,428.5S

Funded debt 135,000.00

Total city debt $140,428,58

Cash in treasury $23,923,35

Collectible taxes, 1882 1,280,13

Collectible taxes, 1883 12,998,95

Collectible taxes, 1884 22,672,21

Due from county of Merrimack , . . 2,173,43

Balance on sale city farm, due 1885 . 2,.'i00.00

$63,548.07

Indebtedness above assets $74,880.51

Oibjpreci

ct hon

fc {Stale

use) loan, paijahle as follows :

When due.

Rate of

In. payable.

Amount.

December 1

18S5.

semi.annually.

$1,500

December 1

1886.

semi-annually.

2,500

December 1

1887.

semi-annually.

3,000

December 1

1888.

3,500

December 1

1889.

semi-annually.

2,000

December I

1890.

semi-annually.

3,000

December 1

1891,

semi-annually.

2,000

December 1

1892,

semi-annually.

2,000

December 1

1893,

2,000

December 1

1894,

semi-annually.

3,000

December I

1895,

semi-annually.

10,000

December 1

1890,

semi-annually.

7,000

Sewer Precinct Notes.

December 1

1885.

annually.

$8,000

December 1

1880.

annually.

8,000

Il'afer Precinct Bonds.

April 1, 1892. G semi-annually. $200,000

April 1, 1894, 6 semi-annually, 130,000

April 1, 1895. 6 semi-annually, 20,000

October 1, 1912. 4 semi-annually, 45,000

$452,500
precinct's debts not funded.

Bonds overdue, but not presented $100.00

Coupons overdue, but not presented .... 523.00

Interest accrued, but not yet due 224.17

$847,17

Precinct's funded debU 452,500,00

Precinct's debts $453,347.17

Less water-works bonds on hand 2,000.00

Net precinct debts $451,347.17

Net city debts above assets $74,880.51

Net precinct's debts above assets 451,347.17

Aggregate indebtedness of city and precinct over

available assets

$526,227.68
Aggregate city and precinct indebtedness, January

1, 1884 553,649.75

Decrease for the year $^7,422.07

CHAPTER VII.

CONCORD— { Continued).
MILITARY HISTORY.

The Heroes of Four Wars— The French and Indian War— List of
Soldiers — War of the Revolution — The Association Test — The Arrest
of Peter Green —Concord Men at Cambridge— At Bennington — List ot
Soldiers— Bounties Paid— War of 1812- Soldiers' Names— War of the
Rebellion — Concord a Recruiting Station and Military Rendezvous —
First Company Raised — Captain E. E. Sturdevant— List of Soldiers.

The French and Indian Wars. — In the struggle
known as the French and Indian Wars this town
contributed its full share of men and money. The
following is a list of those who entered the service :

John Chandler, Joseph Eastman, captains; Nathaniel Abbot, lieu-
tenant ; David Copps, Moses Eastman, sergeants ; Nathaniel Moi-se,
clerk ; David Evans, corporal ; Obadiah Maxflcld, Phineas Virgin, Moses
Eastman, Edward Abbot, Jacob Potter, David Kimball, John Hoyt,
Jonathan Fiiield, Thomas Men-ill, Nathaniel Rix, Jonathan Chase,
Ebenezer Copps, Asa Kimball, Ebenezer Virgin, Ebenezer Simouda,
James Farnum, Judah Trumble, Isaac Walker, John Webster, Reuben
Simonds, Joseph Eastman, Joshua Abbot (son of Lieutenant Nathaniel
Abbot), John Shute, Daniel Abbot, Benjamin Hannaford, Amos East-
man, Nathaniel Eastman, Benjamin Bradley, Stephen Holt, David
Evans, Stilson Eastman and Philip Kimball, sentinels.

War of the Revolution.— The record of Concord
during the War of the Revolution is one in which
her citizens may justly feel a patriotic pride. The
news of the battle of Lexington had scarcely reached
the town before Captain Abiel Chandler had raised a
company of thirty-six men and marched to Cam-
bridge. There were three companies from this town
in the battle of Bunker Hill. These were commanded
by Captains Gordon Hutchins, Joshua Abbot and
Aaron Kinsman.

At the meeting in March, 1776, " Philip Eastman,
Colonel Thomas Stickney, Timothy Walker, Jr.,
Joseph Hall, Jr., and Richard Harbut were chosen

CONCOKD.

125

a committee of safety for the parish of Concord for
the year 1776."

The following citizens of Concord signed the "As-
sociation Test : "

"We, the subscribers, do hereby solemnly engage and promise, thut
we will, to the utmost of our power, at the risque of our lives and for-
tunes, with arms, oppose the hostile proceedings of the British fleets and
armies against the United American Colonies.

" Reuben Kimball, John Kimball, Thomas Stickney, Peter Green,
Timi Walker, jr., Benjamin Emery, John Bradley, Nathan Chandler,
Aaron Stevens, James Walker, Eobert Davis, Benj. Hanniford, Daniel
Gale, David Hall, Simon Danforth, Nathaniel Abbot, Nathaniel Kolfe,
Stephen Greenleaf, Samuel Thompson, John Gage, Moses Eastman, jr.,
Jacob Carter, John Foivle, Levi Ross (his X mark), Jeremiah Bradley,
Peter Green, jr., Amos Abbot, Timothy Bradley, Ephraim Farnuni,
Cornelius Johnson, Philip Eastman, Daniel Abbot, Richard Flandere
Joseph Farnum, Kichanl Haseltine, Joseph Hall, jr., Benjamin Fifleld,
Reuben Abbolt, T.^l i".H y. ,I>.i,:itliiin Eiistman, Daniel Chase, David
George, John Si. \ - i i \ ,, IMjiii-:!- Stevens, Jabez Abbot, Ben-

jamin Abbot, Kl"' II II ' ^l,lllln, I'lmothy Sinionds, William

Fifleld, Reuben AIiI.mI, ji . -m 1 lliitl.i>. limo. Walker (Rev.), Henry

Beck, Beiyamin Rolfe, llli\er Hoit, Theodore Farnum, Ebenezer Far-
num, Ephraim Farnum, John Steven (?), Moses Eastman, Chandler
Lovejoy, Samuel Kinkson, Caleb Buswell, Richard Eastman, Solomon
Gage, Ezfkiel Himoml, jr., Amos Abbot, jr., William Coftiu, Joseph

Abbnt, .1 Ill 111 M. mil. James Mitchell, Ezra Carter, Asa Kimball,

JuiiLiil li I iiiMthy Bradley, jr., Joseph Eastman, Phineas
Virf-'iii, \> III I, Kbenezer Simond, Dan Seickuey, JosiaU Far-
num, ji., J.l-hi -Mj- ly, Benjamin Eastman, Jacob Gretn, Benjamin
Farnum, Kbenu/.ur Virgin, Ephraim Potter, Ednanl Al.li.ill, .l.ijiillian
Stickney, Eph'm Farnum, jr., William Virgin, iil.ihlinh Ihill, i.iorgo
Abbot, Josiah Farnum, Joseph Farnum, Stephen Kiinl.nll. limibl ilall,
.\buer Flandei-s, Nathan Abbot, Jesse Abbot, Is^utc Abbot, Ephraim
Abbot, Stephen Abbot, George .\bbot, jr., Stephen Farnum, Daniel Far-
num, Daniel Chandler, Philip Carigain, Daniel Carter, Joseph Clough,
Richard Herbert, Gordon Hutchins, Jaims Ilaseltiue, William Haseltine,

Simon Trumbel, John Chase, Joliii Slmi., J.i . !■ ^Imi ■, J |.Ii Hull,

John Trumble (his X mark), Josc-|ili ■ li : . . I \.ih:nik-l

Green, Thomas Wilson, Isaac Walk.i , i : i i: 1 ikis,

Timothy Farnham, Ezekiel Dimonil, .1' -' I li II - l iiiiliili,

Robert Ambros, Benjamin Sweat, .Vbicl ISIilm. ii . r. ,, ,i ,, l:lii(,t,
James Stevens, Joseph Eastman, jr., Richard P 1 - iiids,

Philip Kimball, Timothy Kimball, John Fin. i it.r,

Richard Hood, Henry Lovejoy, Lemuel Tucker, .);i. i h^ in, drurge

Graham, Jeremiah Wheeler, Zephaniah Pettey, /.elicliub Farnum,
Samuel Goodwin, Ahner Farnum, Thomas Eaton,— 150."

Not a single name was returned as " disaffected ; "
still, as will appear from the proceedings next year,
some were " suspected," and, whether justly or not,
were severely dealt with on thdt account.

Many of the soldiers in service at Bunker Hill
enlisted for eight months, and marched this year to
join the Continental army in New York. Captain
Joshua Abbot and Captain Benjamin Emery had
command of companies. Captain Gordon Hutchins
was promoted to lieutenant-colonel in Colonel Na-
hum Baldwin's regiment. On their march to New
York many of his soldiers were taken sick, and no
medicines being provided in the public stores, Col-
onel Hutchins purchased a quantity for the use of
his soldiers at his own expense, being moved, as he
said afterward, in a petition to the General Assembly
for remuneration, with " pity and humanity towards
the unhappy sufferers, and also actuated from zeal
for the public service."

March 4, 1777, Messrs. John Kimball, Thomas
Stickney, Reuben Kimball, Benjamin Emery and
Richard Harbut were api)oiuted a " Committee of

Safety." Colonel Gordon Hutchins was chosen rep-
resentative, and a vote was passed "to reconsider the
former vote of the parish, passed March 7, 1775, for
leasing the eighty-acre lot belonging to the school-
right to Oliver Hoyt for nine hundred years, — he
paying the parish six dollars annually ;" and it was
voted, "that instead of said Hoyt paying six dollars
annually, the selectmen are directed to receive of
him one hundred dollars, in full consideration for
said lot;" and "that the selectmen be directed to
lay out the one hundred dollars which they shall
receive of Oliver Hoyt for the eighty-acre lot for a
town stock of ammunition."

About this time certain prominent individuals
were suspected of disaffection to the American cause,
notwithstanding they had signed the " Association
Test." Hence the following votes were passed
March 4th:

" Voted, That this Parish will break off all dealings with Peter Green,
Esq., Mr. John Stevens, Mr. Nathaniel Green and Dr. Philip Caragain,
until they give satisfaction to the Parish for their past conduct ; and that
they be advertised in the Pviblic Prints as Enemies to the United States
of America, unless said Persons give said satisfaction within thirty days
from this date ; and that the above Persons be disiriiR-d by the Committee
of Safety until they give satisfaction Im iIi I'nl li

Gord.

as Enendes

Gordon Hutchins to apply to Capt. Parker, the Sheriff for the County of
Rockingham, to dismiss Mr. Jacob Green from the office of Deputy
Sheriff.

"A tmecopy —

" E.xamined by Timothy Walker, Jr., Clert: "

In accordance with the spirit of the above votes,
some of the zealous liberty-men of the west part of the
town meditated something a little more personal. About
nine o'clock one morning Colonel Timothy Walker
had just mounted his horse to ride away on business,
when he observed a considerable number of West
Parish men walking with quick steps by the meeting-
house, towards Main Street; and behind them, at
some distance, John Bradley, Esq., with a more
deliberate step, and apparently in deep thought.
Meeting at the corner, by Mr. Hanniford's house.
Colonel Walker said, " Good morning, Esq. Bradley ;
what's going on ? " " I thought I would walk down
and see," said Mr. Bradley. They followed on, and
found the West Parish men at " Mother Osgood's "
tavern, in high excitement, threatening to go at once
and pull down Esq. Peter Green's house. On the
arrival of Colonel Walker and Mr. Bradley, they
entered into a discussion with the West Parish men
on the merits of the case, and detained them from
executing their purpose till near sun-down. Then,
inviting them all into "Mother Osgood's" tavern,
they called for bowls of punch, and treated the com-
pany liberally. All being by this time in a better
mood. Colonel Walker made a brief speech, which he

126

HISTORY OF MEREIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

closed by saying, " Every man to his tent, O Israel ! "
and they quietly dispersed without tearing down Esq.
Green's house !

However, soon after this, Peter Green, Esq., John
Stevens and others were arrested, carried to Exeter
and confined in jail. Liberty was granted them to
take the oath of allegiance, as a condition of release,
which all did except John Stevens. He swore he was
as good a friend to his country as any who had caused
his arrest, and he never would take the oath required.
He was finally discharged from jail, by special order
of the Legislature, in 1778. The town also voted,
March 4, 1783, to "consider the vote formerly passed
to break off all dealings with Mr. John Stevens, and
that said vote be made null and void."

May 22d a committee was chosen to carry into exe-
cution an "act for regulating prices of sundry
articles."

July 5th, Lieutenant-Colonel Gerrish, of Boscavven,
raised a company in Concord and adjacent towns
for the relief of the garrison at Ticonderoga. News of
the evacuation of the fort soon arrived, and the com-
pany was disbanded.

The year 1777 is memorable on account of the
battle of Bennington, in which General John Stark,
with his New Hampshire volunteers, defeated Colonel
Baum, and thus ultimately led to the defeat and cap-
ture of General Burgoyue.

Belonging to Stark's brigade, at Bennington, were
twenty-eight men from Concord. They did not, how-
ever, all arrive in season for the fight, which issued
in so glorious a victory. Colonel Thomas Stickney,
Lieutenant Richard Herbert, Jesse Abbot, John
Abbot, Elias Abbot, Abner Flanders, Samuel Kink-
son, John Peters and Timothy Johnson were in the bat-
tle. Col. Stickney particularly distinguished himself.

Colonel Gordon Hutchins, who raised a volunteer
company of about thirty men in Concord, hastened
as fast as possible towards Bennington, but did not
arrive in time to share in the battle. The names of
the volunteers in his company cannot be definitely as-
certained.

Captain Joshua Abbot had command of a company
in Colonel Gerrish's regiment, " which company
marched from Concord and towns adjacent to rein-
force the Northern Continental army at Saratoga,
September, 1777."

On the 8th of September, this year, the selectmen,
together with Lieutenant Joseph Hall, Timothy
Walker, Jr., and Ezekiel Dimond, were appointed a
committee " to settle with all persons who have done
service in the army." It was voted, " that the ex-
pense of the Continental soldiers raised by the Parish
of Concord shall be paid by the Parish," and that
" the sum of four hundred and sixty pounds, lawful
money, be raised upon the ratable polls and estate "
of the inhabitants for that purpose.

The iollowing is a list of Eevolulionary soldiers i
ii'om this town : I

In Captain Joshua Abbot's company at Bunker Hill,
1775,—

Joshua Abbot, captain ; Abiel Chandler, second lieutenj
Abbot, Samuel Davis, sergeants ; Nathaniel C. Abbot, Stephen Abbot.
Reuben Abbot, AmoS Abbot, Jonathan Bradley, Ephraim Colby, Ezekiel
Dimond, Moses Hall, Stephen Hall, William Mitchell, Richard Flood,
William Straw, Peter Chandler.

In Captain Gordon Hutchins' companv at Bunker
Hill,—

Gordon Hutchins, captain ; Daniel Livernjore, ensign ; Benjamin
AWiot, sergeant; Sinieon Danforth, "William Walker, corporals; Robert
Livingston, Isaac Johnson, Abraham Kimball, Thomas Chandler, Joseph
Grace, Peter Johnston, Samuel Straw, Levi Hutchins, fifer; Michael
Flanders, drummer ; Ezra Badger.

In Captpin Aaron Kinsman's company at Bunker
Hill,—

-Most of Captain Kinsman's company were
from other towns.

Concord, February 26, 1776, —

•' A return of those men who were in the Continental army last year,
and have engaged to tarry the present year," etc. Signed by Timothy
Walker, Jr., and Benjamin Emery, selectmen, viz. : Jei-emiah Abbot,
Nathaniel C. Abbot, John Kinkson, William Straw, Andrew Stone,
William Walker, Nathaniel Eastman, Jr., Moses Hall.

In Captain Benjamin Sias' company (of Loudon),
1776, of Colonel David Gilman's regiment, des-
tined for New York, and mustered by Colonel
Thomas Stickney, muster-master and paymaster of
said company, were, —

e, under Captain Joshua

In the Continental
Abbott, 1776,—

Abiel Chandler, lieutenant ; Ephraim Colby, ensign ; Timothy Hall,
Jonathan Haaeltine, Philip Page, Amos Barnes, Florence McCoUey,
Beriah Abbot, Stephen Hall, Peter Chandler, John Merrill, Seth Spring,
John Blanchard, Benjamin Powell, Hezeklah Colby, William Walker,
Phineas Stevens, Jonathan Johnson, Samuel Worthen, Moses Abbot,
Moses Hall, Peter Carey, Jonathan Bradley, Ephraim risk.

In Captain Benjamin Emery's company (Colonel
Nahum Baldwin's regiment, of which Gordon Hut-
chins was lieutenant-colonel), to reinforce the Con-
tinental army in New York, 1776, —

Benjamin Emery, captain ; Aaron Kinsman, ensign ; Israel Glines,
Ezra Badger, John Carter, Jonathan Currier, Simeon Colby, Ephraim
Kinsman, William Stickney, Ezekiel Stickney, Jacob Carter, Solomon
Gage, Benjamin Elliot, Bruce Walker.

The following men served in Colonel Timothy
Bedel's regiment and Captain James Osgood's com-
pany, and were at Fort Cedars, Canada East, May
19, 1776, some of whom were taken jmsoners, stripped
of most of their clothing and all their equipments
and utensils for the camp or field :

John Webster, lieutenant ; Richard H. Osgood, Hubbard Carter,
sergeants ; Joshua Danforth, corporal ; Nathaniel C. Abbot, Nathaniel
Walker, Joseph Lund, Joseph Giles, Ezra Abbot, Elias Abbot, Philip
Abbot, Benjamin Fifield, Ezekiel Eastman, Nathan Kinsman, Benjamin
Kenniston, Daniel Chandler, Samuel Danford, William Sinionds.

In Captain Ebenezer Green's company, —

Israel Glines, Ebenezer Hall, Joseph Chandler.

CONCORD.

127

Among those who were taken prisoners at Fort
Cedars were Elias Abbot, Ezra Abbot, Philip Abbot
and Benjamin Fifield.

In Captain Daniel Livermore's company, 1777,
Third New Hampshire Regiment, who enlisted for
three rears, or during the war, —

Robert Liviu^^tou, sergeant ; Amos Flood, corporal ; Abner Hogg,
Phineas Stevens, Daniel Chandler, Philip Rowell, Samuel Worthcn,
Aljiel fltevens, Solomon Fisk, Obadiah Kimball, Abuer Farnum, Beriah
Abbot, William Eivstman, Jacob Eastman, John Straw, Ebenezer Far-
iiiiiii, Samuel Colby, who enlisted for one year.

In Lieutenant-Colonel Gerrish's regiment, raised in
the town of Concord, and towns adjacent, which
" marched July 5, 1777, for the relief of the garrison
at Ticonderoga, on the alarm, and marched seventy
miles when the news of the evacuation of the fort"
arrived, were from Concord, —

Kichard Herbert, lieutenant ; William Simonds, Timothy Bradley,
John Chase, Richard Eastman, Simeon Danfortb, I>-aac Abbot, Joseph
Eastman, Daniel Faruum, Elias Abbot, John Peters, Nathaniel Eastman,
Ebeuezer Farnum, Ephraim Fisk, Jr., Abiel Hall, Isaac Chandler, Israel
Glines, John Eastman, Phineas Stevens, Stilson Eastman, Ezekiel Di-
niond, Benjamin Rolfe, Jacob Heath (?), Stephen Haines (?), John Cross (!)
Peter Blanchard (?).

This company marched July 5th ; were discharged
the 12th.

In General Stark's brigade, at Bennington, Colonel
Thomas Stickney, 1777, —

Richard Herbert, lieutenant; Jesse Abbot, John Abbot, Timothy
Johnson, Ephraim Abbot, Ezra Abbot, Stephen Abbot, Benjamin Am-
brose, Philbrick Bradley (was wounded), Simeon Danforth, Reuben
Dimond, Beiyamin Elliot, Theodore Farnum, Richard Flood, Elias
Abbot, Abner Flanders, Samuel Kinsman, John Peters, Ephraim Fisk,
Ephraim Fisk, Jr., David George, Solomon Gage, Israel Glines, Abial
Hall, .Anthony Potter, Phineas Stevens, William Symonds, Simon Trum-
bull, Oilman West.

" .\ return of the man's Names belonging to my Company, in Coll.
Stickney's Regiment, wichhave Enliested asSodersto sarve three mounth,
agreable to a Late .\ct of the General Corte :

"Elias Abbot, Oilman Wast, Edward Wast, Ruben Blanchard, Eph-
eram Fisk, John Dow, Joseph Blanchard, Keyes Bradley, Josier Flanders,
Ebenezer Gray, Benjamin Bradley, Elisha Virgin, William Eastman.
"AAEON Kinsman, Capt.

Concord, July, 11, 1780." [Copied from the original.]

"Concord, July 17, 1781.

" We, the subscribers, do voluntarily Inlist oureelves as Soldiers in the
service of New Hampshire for the Parish of Concord, for the term of
three months after our arrival at the place of rendezvous, unless sooner
discharged ; and we promise obedience to our officers, and to be subjects
to the Rules of the Army during said term. As Witness, our hand, —
"Jeremiah Virgin.
"Jeremiah Chandler.
" Moses Bead.

" Joseph Blanchard.
"David Eastman.
"MlLLEN Kimball."

At Ticonderoga, 1777, Colonel Thomas Stickney's
regiment. Captain Ebeuezer Webster's company
[Captain Webster was the father of Daniel Web.ster] :

Richard Herbert, lieutenant; William Symonds, Timothy Bradley,
Simeon Danforth, Isaac .\bbott, Elias Abbott, John Abbott, Ezra Abbott,
Phineas Stevens, Ezekiel Dimond, John Peters, Nathaniel Eastman,
Ebenezer Farnum, Ephraim Fisk, Jr., Abial Hall, Isaac Chandler, Israel
Glines, John Eastman, Stilson Eastman, Benjamin Bolfe.

In Captain Joshua Abbott's company of volunteers

that marched to reinforce the northern army in Sep-
tember, 1777, were, —

Reuben Kimball, lieutenant; James Mitchell, Moses Abbot, sergeants ;
Amos Abbott, corporal ; Jacob Carter, drummer ; John Farnum, Moses
Eastman, Stilson Eastman, Jonathan Eastman, Ezekiel Dimond, Phineas
Virgin, Joseph Eastman, Daniel Farnum, Chandler Lovejoy, Enoch
Coffin, James Johnson, Reuben Abbot, Ezekiel Stickney, Philip Abbot,
Timothy Hall, John Peters, Michael Flanders, Isaac Dimond, John Sill-
away, Beiyamiu Rolfe.

In Colonel Stickney's regiment, raised for the de-
fense of Rhode Island, 1779,—

Peaslee Eastman, Jacob Flanders, Josiah Flandci-s, Josiah Chandler.

New levies raised in 1780, and in service about six
months, —

Joshua Graham, age seventeen; Thomas Carr, age twenty-three; Dan-
iel Stickney, age eighteen ; .\aron Eastman, age twenty ; John Peters,
age twenty-two ; Jonas Wymau, age twenty ; Benjamin Thompson, age
eighteen ; Jonathan Moulton, age — ; Peaslee Eastman, age — .

In Captain Webster's company of Rangers, for the
defense of the frontiers, 1782, —

Abner Flanders, sergeant, engaged July 9th, dismissed November
11th ; Henry Eastman, private, engaged July 9th, dismissed November
8th.

The following persons were also in the service :

David Davis, fifer ; Moses Chase, Ebenezer Foss, Samuel Walker,
Thomas or Benja. Powell, Salem Colby (negro), Eliphalet Caswell, Nathan
Shead, Thomas Pitts, Jos. Hale, Ephraim Hoyt, Nathan Stevens, Timo-
thy Abbot, David Blanchard, Jonathan Chase, Peter Manual, Joshua
.\bbot (of Hooksett), Benjamin Chase, Enoch Badger, Moses Reed.i
BOUNTIES PAID TO SOLDIERS FROM CONCORD.

Men. Amount.
Lexington, Capt. Abiel Chandler's com-
pany, 1775 36 £32 3 G

Wingate and Wyman's regiments, in 1770, 18 108

Continental, 1777 29 442 14 6

Stark's brigade, 1777 28 252 14 6

Rangers, Coos, 1782 2 33 14 6

Saratoga, 1777 27 243 14 6

New levies, 17«0 9 159 11

Nichols' regin.ent, 1780 12 204 10

Frontiers, Co6s, 17S0 2 45 12

Reynold's regiment, 1781 7 73 10

New levies, 1781 4 82 10

Continental, 1781 5 191 18

Continental, 1782 5 296 11 3

Dednct for depreciation :

Florence McCauley, paid Jan. G, 1778, 4 17 G

John Merrill, paid Dec. 7, 1778 ... 1440

The following are the names of soldiers from Ct
cord who lost their lives:

1770.
Peter Chandler, died June 26, 177G.
Abiel Stevens, died of wounds, October 20, 1777.
Phineas Stevens, died April 21, 1778.
Obadiah Kimball, killed in battle, October 7, 1777.
Solomon Fisk, died of yellow fever at Horseneck, August 1
Samuel Worthen, died November 10, 1778.
Timothy Hall, died of fever and dysentery.

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Jeremiah Abbot was in the battle of Bunker Hill,
a sergeant in the company of his brother Joshua, and
lieutenant in the service at Ticonderoga aud in the
expedition against Canada. After the close of the
war he married Elizabeth Stickney. She died Sep-
tember 10, 1836, aged eighty-four years. He moved
to Conway, N. H., about 1787, and there endured
many hardships and privations by frost and flood. He
kept a house of entertainment, where the few travel-
ers who visited that part of the country found a home.
They were industrious and energetic, beloved and
respected by all who knew them and kind and hos-
pitable to all who had claims on their benevolence.
They were early supporters of religious worship and
order.

John, born June 23, 1756, died August 31, 1779.
John Abbot was six feet seven inches without shoes,
and said to be the stoutest young man ever raised in
Concord, though not quite so tall as Samuel Baker,
uncle of the Governor, Nathaniel Baker. He received
a ball at the battle of Bennington, on his breast-bone,
which fell harmless at his feet. He died aged twenty-
two, weighing two hundred and thirty pounds.

War of 1812. — In 1812 Concord was designated as
a military rendezvous, and the number of soldiers
here in 1812 and 1813 was about five hundred. At
the town-meeting in 1813 a number of soldiers
attempted to vote, contrary to the decision of Colonel
William A. Kent, who was moderator. This proce-
dure created some excitement at the time, and is thus
referred to in the records :

" Voted, That the conduct of one McCoy, a volunteer in the service of
the United StateB, and not belonging to this town, in attempting, yester-
day, in defiance of the moderator of the meeting, to vote for State and
County officers, deserves severe censure ; but his act of collaring the
moderator while In the exercise of his official duty we consider an out-
rage of the most destructive character.

"Voted, That the thanks of this meeting be given to William \. Kent,
Esq., the moderator, for his temperate, resolute and judicious conduct
upon that occasion."

The names of the soldiers who died of scarlet fever
In this town in 1813, as recorded by the late John
Farmer, Esq., were, —

March 6th, Joshua Belknap ; March 16th, Kendrick Houghton ; March
17th, John C. Boyd ; April 4th, John Taggart, of Hillsborough ; April
7th, Samuel Davis, Chester, Bradbury M. Carr, Chester ; April 9th, Na-
than Stearns, Goffstown ; April 13th, John Abbott. Warner, Ellas Davis,
Bow ; April 14th, one Jones ; April loth, Alexander Witherspoon,
Bridgewater ; April 16th, Isaac Smith, Goshen ; April 17th, William
Gage, Wendell ; April 18th, Ebenezer Woodbury, Dunbarton, Robert

Crawford, Bridgewater, ; April 19th, Whitney, Henniker.

David Patch, New Boston, David Hart, Goffstown .

Of soldiers belonging to Concord who marched to
the northern frontiers, the following were in Captain
Flanders' company. Forty- fifth Regiment, of which
Marshall Baker, of Concord, was first lieutenant :
Ebenezer Frye, James Emerson, John Uran, Daniel
Arlin, Jonathan Uran, Jonathan B. Worth, Na-
thaniel Parker, James Elliot, Samuel Emerson.

In the Fourth Regiment were John Elliot, Jonathan
Uran, John Dunlap, John Virgin and James Daiilap
who died.

James Elliot re-enlisted in the Fourth Regiment
Asa Hardy served in both the Forty-fifth and Fourth
Jonathan Elliot was on the peace establishment, and
died at Rock Island, in the Mississippi River, Illi-
nois. Timothy Abbot, of Andover, was a Concord
recruit.

In 1814, August 29th, the selectmen were author-
ized " to hire all soldiers which may be called for in
lieu of drafting." In March, 1815, they were di-
rected to pay four dollars per month to each soldier
detached for the defense of Portsmouth in the service
of the United States. As Portsmouth, the only sea-
port in New Hampshire, was in peculiar danger from
armed vessels of the enemy, public attention was
particularly directed to that quarter.

Captain Peter Robertson's volunteer company of
artillery, that was in service twenty days, from Sep-
tember 10th to 29th, marched from Concord on the
Sabbath, passing the old North Church, over Fed-
eral bridge, thence on the turnpike to Portsmouth. •

But the spirit of patriotism was not confined to the
men who actually marched to the field of danger.
Venerable, aged men, some of whom had served in
the War of the Revolution who were exempted from
active service, offered themselves for the defense of
their country.

Some lime in September, 1814, at the instance of
John T. Gilman, the then Governor of New Hamp-
shire, a public call was made for volunteers of that
class of citizens who were by law exempt from mili-
tary duty, in the ranks of the militia, to form them-
selves into companies for the purpose of home
defense, in case of necessity from invasion. Some of
the most respectable citizens of Concord immediately
responded to the call, held a public meeting, and
organized a company for that purpose, numbered the
Sixth Company of volunteers. The officers chosen
by the company were Stephen Ambrose, Esq.,
captain; Samuel Sparhawk, Esq., first lieutenant,
then Secretary of State; Nathan Ballard, Esq.,
second lieutenant; Ezra Hutchins, ensign; Moses
Long, first sergeant, orderly and clerk ; G. W. Rogers,
ex-captain, second sergeant; William Davis, West
Parish, ex-captain, third sergeant; Samuel Runnels,
fourth sergeant. Corporals not recollected. There
were some over an hundred privates enrolled in the
company, many of whom had held offices, both civil
and military, as the secretary of the State aud treas-
urer, seven justices of the peace, one colonel, one
lieutenant-colonel, one major and nineteen captains.
Quite a majority of the company were made up of
some of the most respectable citizens and yeomanry
of the town, among whom were the elder Esquire
Bradley, Esquire Charles Walker, William Stickney,
inn-keeper. Captain Richard Ayer, Major Timothy
Chandler, Captain Edmund Leavitt, Captain Charles
Eastman, Captain Jacob Eastman, Jeremiah Pecker,
Millen Kimball, Asa Kimball and Asa Graham.

The meeting preliminary to forming the above

CONCOKD.

company was held September lOtli, at Stickney's Hall
— Colonel William A. Kent, chairman ; Seth Tucker,
clerk. A committee, consisting of Colonel William
A. Kent, Stephen Ambrose, Jonathan Eastman, Isaac
Dow and John George, reported the following pre-
aiul)le and resolution, which were adopted :

' * lI'Aei-eas, In defonse of our altars aud fire-sides, our property and onr
ciiuiitry, Americans can liave lint one opiniou, —

''llesoh'ed. That it is expedient to form a military association in the
town of Concord, of such persons as are not enrolled in the militia, to be
in i-eadineea, at a moment's warning, to act under the direction of the
C'ummander-in-Chief, for tho defense of the State."

Captain Richard Ayer, Captain John Eastman,
Hon. William A. Kent, Mr. Isaac Dow, Mr. Phil-
brick Bradley, Mr. Daniel Clark, Ballard Hazeltine,
Esq., Mr. John Garvin, Captain Samuel Runnels,
Nathan Ballard, Jr., Timothy Carter, Esq., aud Cap-
tain Pearl Kimball were appointed a committee to
give information and form a plan, etc., for the asso-
ciation, which was duly organized.

This company of venerable men, fully armed and
equipped, paraded in town October 1st, and marched
through Main Street. "Their appearance was ac-
companied with the proud conviction that this nation
can never be conquered when such defenders shoulder
tlie musket."

A squad, or small company, of volunteers was also
formed in East Concord, in consequence of a rumor
tliat the British intended to destroy the United
States seventy-four gun ship " Washington," then on
the stocks at Kittery, Me. This company was also
under drill by Dr. Moses Long, and consisted of about
twenty men, of whom General Isaac Eastman, Gen-
eral Simeon Stevens and Colonel Robert Ambrose are
recollected.

Names of Soldiers. — In Captain Leonard's com-
pany of artillery, 1812, who served from August 17th
to November 30th, were, —

KeyesB. Powell, sergeant; Samuel Powell, corporal; Solomon Mann,
Ehonezor Flanders, musicians ; Jonathan Stevens, coriwral ; James Fos-
ter, Abiel Bradley, Jonathan E. Elliott, Jonathan Elliott, Jr., Bcnjauiiu
C. Wahiron, Ebeuezer Frye, Francis R. Powell.

In Captain William Marshall's company, 1814,
who were stationed at Portsmouth, and served from
August 6th to November 11th, —

Nathan Carter, Frederick Elliott, Ebenezer Flanders (sergeant), Jede-
diali Frye, Samuel Kimball, Josiali Robertson, Thomas B. Sargent, John
Stevens, Benjamin C. Wjildron, John Whitney, William Shute (lieuten-
ant from Jnly 30th to November loth).

In Captain Nathaniel G. Bradley's company, 1814,
who served from September 15th to November
12th,—

Nathaniel O. Bradley, captain ; Anros Abbot, Benjamin Bradley,
Enurli E. Bradley, Ilazen B. Elliott, Robert llaynes, Joseph Hutchinson,
Elijali Munsoy, Keyes B. Powell (sergeant), Loarami Reed, Willey

In Captain Edward Fuller's company, 1814, who
srrvod from September 29th to November 18th, —

Klibraim Abbot, John Blaiichard, Joseph F. Dow, Baruiird C. Elliott,
Joseph Olincs, William lloit, Jr., Jeiemiali N. H.iwe, David Knuwlos,

Ilazen Kimball, Reuben Osgood (corporal), Ephraiui Pettingill, Peter
Powell, Isaac Kunnols, Joseph Taskor, JciTy Abbot, John Farnham.

In Captain Peter Robertson's company, artillery,
volunteers, 1814, from September 10th to September
29th, or twenty days. This company marched from
Concord on the Sabbath, —

Peter Robertson, captain ; Samuel Herbert, first lieutenant ; Chandler
Eastman, second lieutenant ; Walter R. Hill, Jacob Ilosman, John Rob-
ertson, Williiim Hell, sergeants ; Jeremiah Birch, Nathaniel Pinker,

Jereiiiiiil. I '- i::iiit. Will, mi Jloody, corporals ; J--ivhiiili i.h , ^.iiii-

uel HosiM' I il 11 1 Lii, musicians ; Moses liir, J M . l;i-l-

nian, .1 i i : ' iih Fernald, Cooper En ■-(, ; i,i ,,i

Samuel iU.Lii-.h.u 1, J.i' ■ [■ 1 ';irter, Moses Dickerman, J-hn LiluIlI, ,l-;iLih
Kuowlos, Uobert Rogers, John Stanyan, John Wheeler, Charles Wait,
Charles Whipple, Charles Herbert, privates.

"War of the Rebellion.— Immediately upon Presi-
dent Lincoln's first call for troops, Moses Humphrey,
at that time mayor of the city, after consultation with
a number of citizens, suggested to Captain E. E. Stur-
devaut, a prominent police officer of the city, that he
recruit a company for the service. His response was,
"I am ready," and immediately commenced recruit-
ing a company which was soon filled, and became
Company A. of the First Regiment of three months'
men. The second company was recruited by Captain
Leonard Drown, of Fisherville, which was attached
to the Second Regiment of three years' men.

During the war Concord was not only the head-
quarters of the volunteers from this State, but was
also the general recruiting station. Here were en-
camped on the fair-grounds the First, Third, Fifth,
Ninth, Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth, Fourteenth,
Fifteenth and Sixteenth Regiments, besides cavalry
and sharp-shooters.

The following is a list of soldiers from this town,
from August, 1862. There is no recorded list prior to
that date :

Oliver B. Abbott, Seventh Regiment; mustered in August 21, 1862.
George W. Abbott, SeviMitli Kegimeiit ; musteriHl in August •2ll, 1862.
Michael Arnold, Sr\.M(li l:> uitn. m ; niii-in.-i m ^, |,i, ml-cr 15, 1862.

Charles E. Austin, - ' i , l . r 25, 1862.

Alvah Atwood, Si\i i: -:., 1862.

LeviC. Abbott, .six ; -^im, m , mu^ 1 m n, i,,l„ ,■ j:,, 1862.

James H. Anderson, Second Kogiiuent ; mustered in September 10,

1863.
John Adams, mustered iu September 23, 1863.

.\ndrew Anderson, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 21, 1S03.
John Axman, mustered in September 28, 1863.
Imri Arlin, Third Regiment; mustered in January 19, 1864.
Warren S. Abbott, Third Regiment ; miistored in March 27, 1864.
Dauiel Anderson, Second Ri'gim nl , iii!i>l. id in Jlarch 24, 1864.
Frank W. Alden, Second Ri-i: i ;ii in 1864.

John Allard, Fourteenth Bc_ I n August 5, 1864.

William .\uder300. United Si-i— ' i\,ilr\ ; niii^lered in August 12,

1864.
James Anderson, United States Navy ; mustered iu December 1, 1864.
Charles S. Abbott, mustered in February 4, 1865.
James Allison, Post Band ; mustered in February 10, 1863.
James Anderson, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in November 18, 1863.
Charles Anderson, Second Regiment ; mustered iu November 18, 1863.
Henry Anderson, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 25, 1863.
Charles Adams, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in October 1, 1864.
Abial C. Abbott, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 7, 1804.
.\lbert Aspinwall, mustered iu September 23, 1864.
Amos S. Abbott, Second Company Sharpshooters.
Joseph M. Abbott, Eighth Regiment.
Horace Ames, Fifth Regiment.

HISTOKY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Louis C. Avery, Fourth Eegiment ; mustered in May 18, 1864.
E. C. Babb, Ninth Eegiment ; mustered in August 16, 1862.
Charles H. Blaisdell, Ninth Regiment ; mustered in August 16, 1862.
Thomas Boyd, Fifth Regiment ; mustered in August 18, 1862.
Moses W. Blanchard, Ninth Regiment ; mustered in August 19, 1862.
William H. Bartlett, Tenth Regiment ; mustered in August 21, 1802.
John Bresnahan, Fourth Regiment ; mustered in September 16, 1862.
Charles Buckley, Tenth Regiment ; mustered in September 16, 1862.
Sewall B. Bailey, Ninth Regiment ; musternd in September 20, 1862.
Alvin B. Batchelder, Sixth Regiment ; mustered in September 23, 1862.
JosiaU Batchelder, Sixth Regiment ; mustered in September 23, 1862.
George Burns, Thirteenth Regiment ; mustered in September 23, 1862.
George F. Butters, Thirteenth Regiment ; mustered in September 23,

1862 ; re-enlisted in Heavy Artillery September 6, 1864.
Albert A. Baker, Fourteenth Regiment ; mustered in September 26,

1862.
■William H. Baker, Fourteenth Eegiment ; mustered in September 26,

1862.
George W. Brown, Fifteenth Regiment ; mustered in October 20, 1862.
Joseph R. Boucher, Sixteenth Regiment ; mustered in October 25,

Samuel N. Brown, Sixteenth Regiment ; mustered in October 25, 18(
Jeflfei-son Barnes, Sixteenth Regiment ; mustered in October 25, 1862,
Reuben D. Buswell, Sixteenth Regime

1802.

George Brown, mustered in September 10, 1863.

John Bisset, mustered in September 10, 1863.

Henry Burnham, mustered in September 18, 1863,

.iolin Benny, mustered in September 30, 1863.

James Butler, mustered in October 5, 186:!.

Thomas Bush, mustered iu October 6, 1863.

George W. Boyden, Ninth Regiment ; mustered in October 26, 1863.

John Bresnahan, Jr., Teuth Regimeut ; mustered in April 5, 1864.

Thomas P. Bean, mustered in July 18, 1864.

John Brasson, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in August 17, 1863.

George J. Barnes, United States Secret Service ; mustered in December

25, 1863.
John J. Burke, Seventh Regiment; mustered in April 5, 1864.
Thomas B. or James B. Bary, Sixth Regiment ; mustered in June 10,

1864.
John J. Burke, Seventh Regiment ; mustered in Juue 20, 1864.
Walter Baruy, mustered in August 12, 1864.
James Burues, Ninth Regiment ; mustered in August 18, 1864.
James Bell, Fifth Regiment ; mustered in September 1, 1864.
Robert A. Brown, Seventh Regiment; mustered in September, 1863.
Orland C. Bryant, Eleventh Regiment Heavy Artillery ; mustered in

August 1 1, 1864.
Francis Burnes, United States Navy ; mustered in September 19, 1864.
George F. Batchelder, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in December 3,

1804.
William Barnes, mustered in December 3, 1864.
George Brown, mustered in December 13, 1864.

Samuel C. Bruce, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in January 15, I860.
Edwin C. Brooks, United States Navy ; mustered in February 1, 1865.
Henry Boyle, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in February 11, 1865.
Stephen C. Bailey, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in February 9,

1865.
Leander C. Barnes, Ninth Regiment.
Thomas A. Brickley, Eighth Regiment ; mustered iu November 12,

1863.
Jobe Butler, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 18, 1863.
Joseph Bickford, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 20, 1863.
William Barnett, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in November 21,

1803.
Thomas Baker, Third Regiment ; mustered in November 21, 1863.
John Brown, Second Regiment ; mustered iu November 23, 1863.
John H. Brown, Second Regiment; mustered in November 23, 1863.
John Brown (Ireland), Second Regiment ; mustered in November 23,

1863.
Thomas Burke, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 24, 1863.
James Boyham, or Bryhen, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in November

24, 1863.
William Boyer, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 25, 1863.
Lewis Bronson, Ninth Regiment ; mustered iu August 5, 1864.
James Burns, Cavalry ; mustered in August 5, 1864.
John Bradford, Cavalry ; mustered in August 5, 1864.
John Belmont, Cavalry ; mustered in August 9, 1864.

Elbridge Barr, Veteran Reserve Corps ; mustered in August 18, 1 64.
Lucius D. Burnnell, Fifth Invalid Corps ; mustered in September 5, 1864.
Henry J. Brackott, Heavy Artillel-y ; mustered in September 7, 1864.
Samuel N. Brown, Sixteenth Regimeut ; mustereil in September 17,

1864.
Nathaniel E. Baker, -Eighteenth Regiment; mustered in September lo

1864.
William Bennett, Second Regiment ; mustered in September, 1864.
Samuel H. Ballon, Heavy .\rtillery; mustered in September 7, 1864.
James C. Brown, Veteran Reserve Corps ; mustered in September 6,

1864.
Thomas Bailey, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 27, 1864.
Enoch W. Bradley, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 27, 1804.
George A. Brown, Heavy Artillery ; nuistered in September 27, 1864.
William Burt, or Burke, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in October 12,

1864.
George W. Batchelder, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in September

28, 1864.
John W. Buteman, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in September 28,

1864.
Frank Balsch, United States Navy ; mustered in September 3, 1864.
Joseph Y. Bradbury, United States Navy ; mustered in August 19, 1864.
George W. Bean, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 7, 1864.
George F. Buttei-s, mustered in September 5, 1864.
Sidney T. Bates, Heavy Artillery ; mustered iu September 10, 1864.
Charles J. Ben, mustered in September 7, 1864.
.Toliu B. Blake, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in October 17, 1864.
.loliii N. Hodwell, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 7, 1864.
Leonard W. Bean, First United States Cavalry ; mustered in August 16,

liarias K. Beau, Veteran Reserve Coi-ps ; mustered in August 29, 1864
Samuel F. Brown, Post Band ; mustered iu April 6, 1863.
John Bickford, First Cavalry ; mustered in February 15, 1864.
Fre<-iii;tii 1> liati Ii,-Mer, Tenth Army Corps Brigade Band ; mustered

.lam.s r.u^h. iimsl, i,.,l in Octobers, 1863.

.lohu r.ri'niii.i. iiiusti red in November 21, 1863.

D. Arthur Brown, Post Band.

John Byno.

Jacob H. Cook, Fifth Regiment ; mustered in August 15, 1862.

Nathan P. Converse, Second Regimeut ; mustered iu August 12, 1862.

Koiijamin (Jook, Fifth Regimeut ; mustered iu August 6, 1862.

Charles Carter, Fifth Regiment ; nmstered in August 18, 1862.

U.amilton Carpenter, Ninth Regiment ; mustered iu August 19, 1862.

Richard Cullen, mustered iu August 21, 1862.

Lorenzo F. Comer, Seventh Regiment ; mustered in August 21, 1862.

Charles H. Currier, Third Eegiment ; mustered in August 21, 1862.

Hiram P. Caldwell, mustered in August 21, 1862.

William W. Critchett, Eleventh Eegiment ; mustered in August 21, 1862.

Sauuiel H. Chase, mustered in September 6, 1862.

Thomas C. Cross, mustered in September 6, 1862.

Jeremiah Callahan, Tenth Regiment ; mustered in September 16, 1862.

John Callahan, Tenth Regiment; mustered in September 16, 1862.

Horace D. Carter, Thirteenth Eegiment ; mustered in September 23,

Gideon Cassavaint, Thirteenth Regiment ; mustered in September 23,

1862.
Watson M. Carter, Thirteenth Regiment ; mustered in September 23,

Michael Callahan, Eighteenth Regiment ; 1

September 23,

John 0. Corner, nmstered in October 14, 1802.

George W. Crummett, mustered in October 25, 1862.

Joel A. Cushon, Sixteenth Regiment; mustered in t>ctober 25, 1862.

George H. Cushon, Sixteenth Regiment ; mustered in October 25, 1862.

Frederick J. Carter, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustereil in September 9

1863.
John Clark, mustered in September 10, 1863.
Cornelius Cavauoy, mustered in September 12, 1863.
George Conklin, niustered iu September 14, ls63.
Edward Connolly, mustered iu September 19, 1863.
Augustus J. Gate, mustered in September 19, 1863.
Molivier Clode, mustered iu September 26, 1863.
Thomas Collins, mustered in September 28, 1863.
Asa D. Cutting, Fifth Regiment ; mustered in October 17, 1863.

CONCORD.

131

William Challaban, Seventh Kegiment ; mustered in October 15, 1863.
James N. (or H.) Carter, Cavalry ; mustered in December 16, 1863.
David Cross, Fourth Kegiment; mustered in April 4, 1864,
Edwai-d W. Casley, Third Regiment; mustered in JIarch ;il, 1804.
James M. Chtux, Third RegimeTit ; mustered in April 4, 1804.
George T. Carter, Second Regiment ; mustered in March 30, 1804.
John F. Carter, Seventh Regiment; mustered in March 14, ISlH.
Hiram J. Carter, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in July IS, ISO:).
Orin T. Carter, Heavy Artillery; nuistered in July 18, ISO:).
George H. Cushon, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in August 18, 18(13.
James Chandler, Seventh Reginii'iit ; iiiuBtiT.-d iji February 28, 1804.
Charles a Chesley, Sixth Iteirim. m ,„n-i. n.l in Hecember 19, 1803.

John P. Collin, Heavy Artill. I > l"l.er 20, 186:1.

Lucius H. Chandler, Seventh I; ,,. i . I in February 28, 1804

John Campbell, Ninth BegiuRi.t ; i,,"-l> i-l m June 21, 1864.

Charles Clark, Cavalry ; mustered in June 2, 1804.

Ezra Cross, First Cavalry ; mustered in June 27, 1804.

Charles H. Clary, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in January 4, 1804.

Horace Clark, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in January 4, 1804.

Albert P. Colby, mustered in July 1, 1864.

James Coffer, Seventh Regiment ; mustered in September 24, 1804.

James CuU-, Tliir.I Ri-Kiment i niusb-r.-.l in December 13, 1804.

Frank A i.ni.i li_lii..n;li !;■ _'i m ; imi^i. rniin December l.i, 181.14

Henry i I . .:. r ■ i l; . ,„,,,i, , , l ,,, li^r.-iuber 10, 1.S04.

ThuMi:,-' . .1 i : .-. .1 .i:...ii'. i-

John I li" ' '. ■ i. 1 ■', !-■•■

Edwaiii I .' ' 'ii'i u, J Ill -I. iw.I in February 8,1865

Willi^ I ■ ! 'ilii i..n-i. r .1 in March 29, 18B5.

Charl. s 1 : ■ I. - i-i. i-l in N..vemberlO, 1803.

Harry I iH',, - :■ i.t ; ii.ii-triv.l ii. N..veniber IT, 1863.

Timotll^ i I «l >, - i: 1 llcginieut; nmstered in November 16, 1803.

ijiment; mustered in November 12, 1803.

Regiment ; mustered iu November 13, 1863.

giment ; mustered in November 12, 1863.

1 November 12, 1863.
Thomas Campbell, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 18, 1803.
William Cohen, S.-con.l R.-sini.^nt ; nmstered in November 24, 1803.

Job.

David

Den I

Mark Chiu-n-, Heavy Artillery ; luusteic-d in S-ptenil.er 7, lsii4.
Jackson Crosby, Heavy Artillery ; mustered iu September 7, 1804.
Walter Crockett, United States Navy ; mustered in August 19, 1804.
Daniel Cutting, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 7, 1864.
John Curran, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in October :), 1864.
James A Cille.^ Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in October 1, 1804.
Andrew J. Claff.-y, Eiglith Regiment ; mustered in October 1, 1861.
Williiiiii IT r,,;ii,,-, ll,,,vy Artillery; mustered in September 27, 1804.

Georp I I ,, I 1 1 , 1 y Artillery ; mustered in September 24, 1804.

John II • I lb Kegiment; mustered in October 11, 1864.

Williimi 1 ,iiii| I. ;i, ll.;n> Artillery; mustered in October 13, 18ii4.
Michael Cailalian, P^igliteenth Regiment ; mustered in September 30,

1804.
John H. Caswell, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 7, 1864.
George H. Chesley, United States Navy ; nmstered in August 111), 18ti4.
H. R. Clough, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 7, 1864
William J. Cheney, United States Navy ; mustered in August 31, 1804.
Cyrus C. Currin, Second Brigade, Tenth Army Corps.
James Cushing, Sixth Regiment ; mustered in May 31, 1804.
Albert P. Davis, Ninth Regiment ; mustered in August 19, 1802.
William E. Dow, Seventh Regiment; mustered in August 21, 1862.
Albert H. Davis, Ninth Regiment: mustcr.d in Aujust 22. 1802.
Charles A. Drew, Tenth Regiment; inii-l- r. I ni -. ] i. imI.t 10, 1862.
Daniel Driscoll, Tenth Regiment ; niii>i. - ■■ I'l. 1862.

Cornelius Driscoll, Tenth Regiment ; II. H -i i i 16, 1802.

William S. Davis, Thirteenth Regiment ; mhim- I m -. iiiiinber 2.1, 1862.
Nathan M. Dow, Sixteenth Regiment ; muster.-fl in Oct.iber 24,1862.
Nathaniel W. Davis, Sixteenth Regiment ; mustered in October 24, 1862 .
Oilman H. Dimond, Sixteenth Regiment ; mustered in October 25, 1802.
James Durgin, mustered in September 8, 1803.
John F. Delany, mustered in September 10, 1863.
Lewis Dow, mustered in September 21, 1863.

Henry Dale, mustered in September 2.9, 186:).

James Dillon; mustered in September 20, 1863.

John Davis, mustered in October 5, 1803.

Calvin S. Davis, Seventh Regiment; mustered in October 31, 1863.

James H. Dwinnels, mustered in October 15, 1863.

Asa N. Dimick, Third Regiment ; mustered in April 4, 1804.

Daniel Davis, Fourth Regiment ; mustered in March 25, 1864.

George W. Dow, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in June 8, 1863.

William A. Dow, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in July 11, 1863.

George W. Drew, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in July 18, 186:!.

Charles Dubois, Eleventh Regiment ; nmstered in July 23, 1864.

Samuel Dunn, Fifth Regiment ; mustered in August 16, 1864.

Rodney Dodge, Ninth Regiment ; mustered in August 27, 1804.

Robert S. Davis, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 8, 1864.

Simon L. Dorr, Veteran Reserve Corps ; mustered in November 18, 1863.

Freeman F. Day, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 13, 1803.

Frank Davis, mustered in January 2, 1865.

George S. Davis, mustered in January 29, 1865.

Arch. Douglass, mustered in February 3, 1805.

•lames L. Downing, First Cavalry ; mustered in March 20, 1865.

Lewis W. Dorr, mustered in April 4, 1865.

Charles A. Douglass, First Cavalry ; mustered in Februarj- 20, 1865.

Benjamin P. Davis, mustered in March 16, 1805.

Samuel Davis, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 20, 1863.

.\nthony Dundon, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 20, 1863.

James Davis, Third Regiment ; mustered in November 21, 1803.

Adolphus Durand, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 25, 1863.

.lames M. Daniels, Seventh Kegiment ; nmstered in October 15, 1863.

William Driscoll, mustered in August 16, 1864.

Fred. W. Durgin, Heavy Artillery ; mustiTeil in Sepleml.er 7, 1864.

J. Scott Durgin, Eighteenth Kegiment : imi-i. i. l m -i i,i, i r 17, 1864.

Gilman II. Dimon, Heavy Artillery; iiui I : i - i i T, 1864.

DavidP. Dunbar, Heavy Artillery; mll^^ ■ i m -. , i .i i 7, 1804.

Paine Durkee, Heavy Artillery ; mnsteml ii. .sn.t. i.il,ii -.^, 1.S64.

Henry H. De Wolf, Heavy Artillery ; mustered iu October 17, 1864.

James S. Davis, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in October 17, 1864.

Timothy Davis, Eighteenth Regiment; mustered in Sept**mber 30, 1864.

Edwin F. Dexter, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in September 26, 1864.

Frank P. Drew, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in .August 27, 1864.

Thomas Damly, Cavalry ; mustered in .\ugu8t 11, 1804.

Cortez De Irish, Heavy Artillery ; mustere.l in Sept.-iulifr :)0, 1864.

Nelsolli:, i;..^l- , rilllii .n.ihy i,in.|.|-,l in \iiun-l I J. lsi;2.

Mwaiil I : - \ I I I'l, 1862.

IraC. I.- •■■■ I ■ 'i' ■ . :.■ nil •■■ ■ .i r ~ . , :,■!. . ',, ISlffl.

.Mfrc.l i:il|..r, -!M--nl!i Ki ,,iii|i-lil , in ii-l,.| ..li )ii i i. n.l.m -J,., 1S02.

Hall F. Elliott, Sixteenth Keguiient ; mustc-rr J in October :ill, 1802.

John H. Elliott, Sixteenth Regiment ; mustered in October 30, 1802.

Asa Emory, mustered in October .30, 1802.

James C. Elliott, Sixteenth Regiment ; mustered in November 3, 1862.

Lewis B. Elliott, Sixteenth Regiment ; nmstered in November 5, 1862.

Charles Eile, mustered in September 21, 1803.

Reuben J. Eastman,Fifth Kegiment ; mustered in October 12, 1803.

James W. Edwards, mustered in October 8, 1863.

P. Chandler Eastman, Second Regiment ; nmstered in March 29, 1804.

.\aron G. Estabrook, First Cavalry ; mustered in August 17, 1864.

Robert L. Ela, Sixth Regiment ; mustered in November :)0, 1804.

Edson A. Eastman, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in January, 1865.

.\sa Enny, United States Navy ; mustered in February 9, 1805.

John Edwards, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 20, 1863.

John Eipper, Eleventh Regiment ; mustered in November 20, 1863.

John Egin, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 23, 1863.

John Ericson, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 24, 1863.

Charles Edwards, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 25, 1863.

Randall Eastman, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in October 20, 1864.

Israel L. Emerson, United States Navy; mustered in August 19, 1864.

Curtis W.Elkins, United States Navy ; mustered in August .30, 1864.

Oren A. Edgerly.

William H. Eaton, First Cavalry ; mustered in March 18, 1864.

Asa Folsom, Fifth Regiment ; mustered in August 12, 1801.

Freeman Ferren, Seventh Regiment ; mustered in August 21, 1862.

John A. or Joseph Flandei-s, Seventh Regiment ; mustered in September

15, 1862.
Robert K. Flanders, Thirteenth Regiment ; mustered in September 23,

1862.
Rotheus E. Flander^ Fifteenth Regiment ; mustered in October 13,

Farnum, Sixteenth Kegiment ; musterei

2,^1, 1862.

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Joseph French, mustered in Septemher 18, 1863.

Henry or Thomas ITIynn, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in October 19,

1863.
Mark Floyd, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in August 25, 1863.
James S. French, Seventh Regiment ; mustered in April 29, 1864.
James Fraaer, mustered in May 23, 1864.

John C. French, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in January 4, 1864.
John Ferguson, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in January 4, 1864.
Patrick Fitzgerald, Fifth Regiment ; mustered in August 22, 1804.
John Forrest, United States Navy ; mustered in November 10, 1804.
John Foster, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in December 6, 1864.
Owen Fagan, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in February 18, 1805.
Henry A. Flint, Cavalry ; mustered in February 4, 1803.
Thomas Flinn, mxistered in November 12, 1863.
Garrat Flen, Third Regiment ; mustered in November 2P, 186a
William Fox, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 20, 1863.
Amos Fuller, Second Regiment; mustered in November 25, 1803.
Richard E. Foster, mustered in August 2, 1864.
John S. Farnum, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in Septemher 6, 1864.
A. C. Ferren, United States Navy ; mustered in August 19, 1804.
W. H. French, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 7, 18114.
Cyrus F. Fletcher, Heavy Artillery ; nnistered in September 7, 1864.
Henry H. Farnum, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 7, 1864.
Hiram B. Frost, Seventh Regiment ; mustered in October 1, 1864.
Sidney A. Foster, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in October 18, 1864.
Patrick Finell, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in October 1, 1864.
James E. Ford, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in October 18, 1864.
Charles W. Fifleld, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in Septemlier 23,

1804.
Edwin R. Farley, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in September 3fl,

Charles C. Fernald, mustered in September 15, 1864.
J. L. French, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 7, 1804.
Edward W. Forrest, Second Regiment; mustered in February 19, ISO I.
Edwin C. Gilmore, Fifth Regiment ; mustered in August 5, 1802.
George Gordon, Ninth Regiment ; mustered in August 18, 1802.
Andrew Goodwin, Seventh Regiment ; mustered in August 21, 1862.
Edwin Green, Ninth Regiment ; mustered in August 21, 1802.
Michael Gannon, Tenth Regiment ; mustered in September 10, 1802.
James Gallagher, Thirteenth Regiment ; mustered in September 2.3,

1862.
Charles F. Glover, Thirteenth Regiment ; mustered in September 23,

1862.
Augustus L. Gale, Fourteenth Regiment ; mustered in September 20,

1802.
John S. GrifBu, Fifteenth Regiment ; mustered in September 22, 1802.
Edward Gerald, Sixteenth Regiment; mustered in November 3, 1802.
William Gibson, mustered in September 10, 1863.
William H. Gray, mustered in September 23, 1803.
Luke Garvey, Fifth Regiment ; September 26, 1803.
Edward Gates, mustered in October 9, 1862.

William 6. Gove, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in November 10, 1803.
Frank E. Gerald, Thii-d Regiment ; nuistered in April 4, 1861.
Charles H. Gove, Third Regiment ; mustered in March 28, 1864.
Charles Goodwin, Seventh Regiment ; mustered iu March 25, 1804.
Edward Green, First Artillery Corps ; miistered in February 7, 1865.
Charles H. Gray, United States Navy ; mustered in October 8, 1804.
Joseph A. Graves, mustered in October 8, 1804.
Nathan M. Gove, Post Band ; mustered in February 10, 1803 ; re-enlisted

iu Eighteenth Regiment.
Freeman R. Gardner, First Cavalry ; mustered in February 28, 1805.
Frank I. Greeley, Firat Cavalry ; mustered iu March 28, 1804.
William Griffln, Second Regiment; mustered iu November 17, 1803,
Charles Gatchell, Eighth Regiment ; nmstered in November 12, 1863.
George C. Granger, Eighth Regiment; mustered in November 11, 1803
Henry Gallagher, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 23, 1803.
William Greay, mustered in November 24,1863.
William George, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 24, 1803.
George Guild, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in August 5, 1801.
Richard K. Gatley, United States Navy : mustered in August 19, ISIH.
Albert G. Gardner, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 27, 1864.
Edward H. Grimes, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in September 30,

1804.
Charles Goodwin, mustered in October 17, 1864.
Dennis Griffln, Heavj- Artillery ; mustered in October 17, 1804.
Nathan W. Gove, Eighteenth Regiment ; nuistered in September 24,

John Hanson, Second Regiment ; mustered in August 12, 1802.
Charles H. Hayes, Second Regiment ; mustered in Augu:jt 12, 1862.
George H. Hill, Second Regiment ; mustered in August 12, 1862.
Francis S. Hoyt, Second Regiment ; mustered in August 12, 1862.
Rufus R. Haselton, Ninth Regiment ; mustered in August 18, 1802.
Moses C. Heath, Fifth Regiment ; mustered in August 18, 1802.
Daniel B. Hill, Ninth Regiment ; nmstered in August 19, 1862.
Francis Hall, Sixteenth Regiment ; mustered in August 21, 1802.
Frank Harivell, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in September 4, 1802.
Frank E. Haines, Eleventh Regiment ; mustered in September 10, 1802.
Byron C. Hill, Twelfth Regiment ; nuistered in September 11, 1862.
Thomas B. Heath, Seventh Regiment; nuistered in September 16, 1802.
James Haley, Tenth Regiment ; mustered in September 16, 1862.
Rufus R. Haselton, nine months ; mustered in October 14, 1862.
.lohn H. Heath, Fifteenth Eegiment; nuistered in October 20, 1802.
Frank P. Hall, Seventh Regiment ; mustered in October 26, 1802 ; re-

Eig

Eegii

Charles J. Hall, Sixteenth liegiraeiit ; mustered in October 25, 1862.

Samuel E. Holden, Sixteenth Regiment; mustered in October 25, 1802.

James Helsly, mustered in September 24, 1803.

Frank Howard, mustered in September 16, 1803.

Alfred Halleday, mustered in September 26, 1863.

John Harrell, mustered in Septemher 29, 1863.

Cliarles Hall, mustered in October 8, 1863.

Robert Hart, Third Regiment ; mustered in October 14, 1803.

William Hix, Third Regiment ; mustered iu April 4, 1804.

Geo. H, Hoyt, Fourth Regiment; mustered in April 11, 1864.

William L. Hook, Fifth Regiment ; mustered in April 19, 1804.

Peter Hughes, Heavy Artillery ; mustered iu August 9, 1803.

William H. Horner, mustered in June 11, 1864.

Joseph Harris, Sixth Regiment ; mustered in June 3, 1864.

.lames Harland, Seventh Regiment ; mustered in August 8, 1864.

Austiu W. Hadley, mustered in September 9, 1864.

Charles F. Hosmer, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in Septemher 21, 1804.

Henry L. Harris, Eigliteenth Regiment; mustered in September 24, 18)4,

Ralph Hayes, mustered in November .30, 1864.

Carls Hasselyren, mustered in December 5, 1864.

Peter Horre, mustered in December 5, 1804.

Francis Hanrutty, Third Regiment ; mustered in December 10, 1804.

George Harvey, Third Regiment; mustered in December 17, 1864.

David Hardrick, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in December 23, 1804.

James R. Happenney, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in Decenilier 28,

1864.
CharlesM. Hayden, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in January 26, 1805.
Charles Hagan, Third Regiment ; mustered in December 15, 1864.
Frank S. Hunt, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in February 21, 1865.
.Tackson Hillon (or Hilton), Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in March

7, 1866.
William Haines, mustered in April I, 1865.
Charles Hiliker, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 17, 1863.

Henry Holt, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 17, 1803.

Peter Hoyt, Sixth Regiment; mustered in November 17, 1863.
.Samuel Home, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in November 11, 1803.
John Hendrich, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 19, 1863.

Amos Holt, Second Regiment ; mustered in November IS, 1863.

.fames Howes, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 19, 1803.

Charles Howard, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in August 8, 1864,

William Hide, First Regiment Cavalry; mustered in August 5, 1S64,

Charles Hanks, First Company Shari>shooters ; mustered in August 19,
1864.

.loseph E. Ham, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in August 19, 1864.

,Tohn H. Hickman, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 27, 1864.

Nathan P. Hancock, Eighteenth Regiment; mustered in October 22,
1864. I

Charles E. Hanscom, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in October 17, 1864.

I'rederick Hoffman, Post Band ; mustered in September 20, 1864.

Solon M. Howe, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 7, 1804.

Eilwin Hill, Heavy Artillery.

John Howry, United States Navy ; mustered in October 8, 1804.

Joseph Hopkins, United States Navy ; mustered in October 8, 1864.

William Ireland, United States Navy; mustered in January 5, 1865.

M. L. Ingalls, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 7, 1864.

G. W. Ingalls, Post Band ; mustered in February 111, 1803.

Thomas James, Fifth Regiment; mustered in August 11, 1862.

William Jordan, Ninth Regiment ; mustered in August 22, 1802.

Lewis Jackson, mustered in October 7, 1863.

Thomas Jones, mustered in October 8, 1803.

CONCORD.

133

Ahiahr, 1 I : M,Li.-.r;.>;,li> ; .1 I I , l \ u -mbI 26, 18G4.

.lillnr. .1 -. i:r,hh.. mil l:-gi,M,.l,t, l„H^t,-IV,l i „ .1 1, „ IllilJ- C, 1865.

MictuiL-l Jiuld, tfecund liegiiuent ; mustered in Nuvember 17, 186.'J.
CliarUs n. .Tolinson, Heavy Artillery ; imistered in November 12, 1803.
Henry .Ti>!nisnn, Eif;Iith Regiment ; mustered in November 11, 18U.3.
t'liarli"< Tnlm^Mit, s-'-'ind Regiment; mustered in November 23, 1863.
Beniain ' ' ' - iijtli Regiment ; mustered iu August 8, 1804,

Liiwt. I- I :i :, II ,vv Artillery ; muBtered in September 7, 1804.
Jus.ph .1 nil- i\. Il.:iv\ Artillery; mustered in September 7, 1864.
William K. Jainosoii, Kighteenth Regiment ; mustered in September 17,

1864.
Ceorge L. Jennings, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in October 17, 1804.
.lames M. Jackman, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 27, 1801.
Edward A. Johnson, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 7, 1864.
James Johnson, Ninth Regiment; mustered in May 18, 18G4.
Caleb L. Johnson, First Cavalry ; mustered in February 26, 1864.
John A. Kendall, Second Regiment ; mustered in August 12, 1802.
Patrick Kelley, nmstered in September 16, 1803.
John Kelley, mustered in October 7, 1803.
John Kelley, Seventh Regiment ; mustered in October 29, 1863.
Albert F. Kent, Fourth Regiment; mustered in .\pril 11, 1S64.
Janies Kirhy, Sixth Regiment ; mustered in August 3, 1864.
John Kiho, mustered in August 20, 1804.

Nathaniel 0. Kinihall, Eighteenth Regimeitt ; mustered in February 18,
1805.

Henry A. Klemier, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 111, 1863.

Martin Kelley, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in August ,'i, 1864.

Peter Kenney, mustered in August 19, 1804.

Willis G. C. Kimball, Eighteenth Regiment ; nmstered in October 1,
1804.

John A. Kendall, United States Navy ; nmstered in August 31, 1804.

William H. Kenny, United States Navy ; nmstered in August 3(1, 1804.

Charles Kerley, United States Navy ; mustered in in I8ti4.

Andrew G. Libbey, Thirteenth Regiment ; mustered in July 29, 1863 ;
re-enlisted in Fourth Regiment.

Charles F. Libbey, Fourth Regiment ; mustered in July 29, 1863.

George A. Lear, Third Regiment ; mustered in August 11, 1863.

Gilmiin Leavitt, Ninth Regiment; mustered in August 19, 1S63.

Koh.Tl K. Loiigf.-, Moth Ruginient ; nmstered in August 2.% 1803.

ULnnl.. < I., I. V, T lilli i;. -uii.Mt; mustered in September 4, 1803.

Ao>liii I I :. ) I i ii - |,t.Mnber23, 1803.

CInijI I: ii : , i; i II. Ill ; mustered in September 23, 1803.

Jnliii 11 lull, I'liMiMii.ili l; _, . ill ; inustereJ in September 23, I si;:l.

Moses La.1,1, Tliirtceotli K-- ■ . n ; m iiM.i.- 1 in ~.],|,iiil».| J,;, Im;:i.

John A. Lane, Tbirteenlli l: I i i i ■ i i Im,:i.

John K. Lnll, Thirteeulli l; I , I ii -|: i i-i,;,

Leander C. Lull, Tbirteciilli I:. ■ iiii.ni iiiu-iri,.| m .-, |.i, ml,, , 23,
1863.

William 11. Libbey, Thirteenth Regiment; mustered in September 23,

William Lotter, mustered in October 7, 1803.

Walter E. Lougee, Second Regiment of Sbar{]shuoters ; mustered i

April 1.5, 1864.
John L. Lear, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in April 22, 1804.
George M. Leavitt, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in October 15, 1863.
Stephen Lamprey, Sixth Regiment; mustered in in 1804.
John Luughton, United States Navy ; mustered in November 10, 1804.
John Landross, mustered in November 18, 1864.
Henry Lcaman, or Leonard, Seventh Regiment ; mustered in Novenib

17, 1804.
Charles Leroy, Se^'enth Regiment ; mustered
('harles Louis, mustered in December 2, 1804.
Clarence S. Lampi-ey, Eighteenth Regiment ;

■ 19, 1804.

nustered in Doceniber i

Jonathan D. Leavitt, mustered in January 23, 180.'».

Thomas RI. Lear, Eighteenth Regiment ; nmstered in March 9, 1865.

Joseph W. Lowell, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in Feb. 11, 180.'i.

John Lee, Seconil Ki-ini.
Arnold Lehinaii, I J i
Andri Lengoin, I-i- 1, I I:
John Lang, Seeuinl I; um
Alfred Lee, Second Ilegin

inber 10, 1803.
1 November 11, 1863,
November 12, 1863.
ember 19, 1863.
ember 18, 1803,

John Lynch, Second Regiment ; nmstered in November 24, 1803,

William Lackey, Second Regiment; nmstered in November 24, 180:j,

Joseph Leathers, mustered in November 14, 1803.

Simeon N, Lascombe, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in ttctober 22,
1804,

John Lindsey, muhlered in OcdiliL-r 10, 1804,

Robert Lloyd, n. MM \ilill..|,i nm.-i I in n. I,, I,,., IT, l,xC4.

AmosS, Locke, I ill I -I I ii ■ ■ r 16,1864,

.lonathan C, Lam, I ,, ,, -, , ; . i . i i

Beza H. Lincoln, II. m Aiiill, i\ , -i. i , ,1 m ,<, |, „i s, 1804,

E, S, Lincoln, Heavy .\rtillerv ; iiiiist.Mvd in Se|.tenil)er 7, 1864,

John Leary, Heavy Artillery,

.\ndrew L, Lane, Second Brigade Baud, Tenth Army Corjw ; nmstered
in February 10, 1863,

,\ddison S, Martin, Second Regiment ; mustered in August 11, 1862,

Nathan Mansur, Fifth Regiment ; mustered in August 11, 1862,

Charles T, Much, .Secon.! Kegiment ; mustered in August 12, 1802.

Alfred L, Marden, Smnnd T!..gini.iit : irnist.-red in August 12, 1802.

William E, More.-. s.r.,i,ii II, .^iimnf : lun-lii ,il in \ii-iist 12, 1862,

Daniel S, Martin, >,■. 1 u, j,i„, m ; ,„ii,i, ,, i| ,,, \u,.,,>i 12,1802.

Peter I, Morriscn. Nnilh Kngim. i,i ; ii.u-hiv.l lu A.igusi 16, 1802.

Charles A, Morrill, .Seventh Kegiment ; mustered in August 21, 1862.

Asa A, McKusick, mustered in August 23, 1802,

Charles Mahagan, Tenth Regiment ; mustered in September 11, 1802.

Michael Moran, Tenth Regiment ; mustered in September 13, 1862.

,lohn Murphy, Tenth Regiment ; mustered in September 15, 1862,

Patrick Mctjuade, mustered in September 15, 1862.

Henry W, McMichael, Thirteenth Regiment ; mustered in September 23,
1862,

William H, Moody, Fourteenth Regiment ; mustered in Kebniary 25.
1802 ; re-enlisted Heavy Artillery, February 28, 1805.

.Fames 0. Merrill, Sixteenth Regiment ; mustered in November'3, 1862.

Patrick McCarty, Sixteenth Regiment ; mustered in November 5, 1862,

John McMann, mustered in September 12, 1803,

Augustus Marx, mustered in September 19, 1863,

John Main, miistciv.I in September 22, 1803,

John m, Mil , ini.-li I. I in S. |.i,nil,,.r 21, 1863,

Jann.-. 11 I ii I, I .^tered in September 7, 1803,

Jamr,- >i • !• -. . I i.,.|-j:), l»ia.

Isaai- -Mill \. iiirMi-i. li III --I |it mill i 'j:'., 1863,

Isiuic A. 51ay, Fil'tli K.-ginamt ; nmstered in September 12, 1803,

John Murry, mustered in September 30, 1863,

William McDonald, mustered in October 2, 1803,

Charles C, P. Moody, mustered in September 26, 1803,

John J, Morrill, Heavy Artillery : mustered in September 17, 181>3,

Francis Martin, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in November 19, 1803.

John E, Mitchell, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in November 10, 1863,

George H, Mills, Third Regiment ; mustered in April 4, 1804.

George A. Mitchell, Heavy Artillery; mustered in May 4, 1804.

George E. Moore, Sixth Regiment ; mustered in May 23, 1864.

.Fohn T. McMahon, mustered in July 29, 180*.

.Fohu McGuire, Fifth Regiment; mustered in August 8, 1864,

Daniel Mullan, Fifth Regiment ; mustered in August 13, 18(;4,

John Murphy, Fifth Regiment; mustered in August 20, 1864,

Frank McGee, Fifth Regiment ; nmstered in August 20, 1804,

John Merrill, niii^li n 1 in >i |.|, inl. i 2:1, 1864.

James Murry, I nn ; - , mustered in November 17, 1864.

Joseph March, 1 1 j jo, 1864,

John McDonnell, >, 1 mh 1;, , t ; mustered in November 18, 1864.

.Folin Melville, Seventh Regiment ; nmstered in November 29, 1864,

James McKeene, or McKeever, Twelfth Regiment ; mustei-eil in No-
vember 25, 1864.

.Fohn Macarion, mustered in December 5, 1864.

David Mardin, Eighteenth Regiment; mustered in December 26, 1864.

Thomas Martin, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in December 31, 1804.

William McEwen, Fourth Regiment ; mustered in January 5, 1865.

Thomas McAloon, Eighteenth Regiment; mustered in February 13,1865.

Thomas McGee, mustered ill March 22, 1805,

James McDonnell, Fourth Regiment ; miistoi-ed in January 7, 1865.

Rnel G. Morrill, United States Navy ; mustered in February 9, 1806.

William H. Moody, First Regiment Artillery ; mustered in February 28,

134

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Jacob C. Maine, Eighteeuth Regiment; nuistered in February 7, 1865.

Samuel McCaffee, Ninth Ecgiment ; mustered in May 20, 1804.

Joaquin Martin, United States Navy ; mustered in October, 1864.

Timothy G. Moses, Second Regiment ; mustered in August 9, 1862 ; re-
eulisted in Eighteenth Regiment February 24, 1S65.

David C, or E., Marston, mustered in February 25, 1864.

James 0. Mally, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 13, 1863.

Owen, or Orville, McDonough, Second Regiment; mustered in Novem-
ber 17, 1863.

Paul McNeil, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 17, 1863.

Niles Miniirds, mustered in November 17, 1863.

Thomas Martin, Fourth Regiment; mustered in November 11, 1803.

Aurelius McGuire, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in November 11, 1863.

Daniel B. McKinnon, Second Regiment; mustered in November 21, 186;i.

Adalbert Morzoricy, mustered in November 19, 186:1.

John McLean, Eightli Regiment ; mustered in November24, 1863.

Peter Mullen, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 23, 1863.

Abraham Myers, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 24, 1863.

William Marks, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 24, 1864.

Andrew P. Merrill, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in November 25, 1863.

George Marsh, or March, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 7,
1864.

Charles H. Merrill, Cavalry ; mustered in August 9, 1864.

Guy, or George, McAlister, United States Navy ; mustered in OctobBr28,
1864.

John Marshall, mustered in August 16, 1864.

Peter McCoy, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in August 16, 1864.

Wilson E . Morton, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in September 24,
1864.

John H. Murphy, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in September 30,

William May, mustered in October 18, 1864.

William C. Mahuran, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 2!i, 1864.

J. P. Messer, mustered in September 16, 1864.

Peter W. Myers, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in October 4, 1864.

Henry C. Minot, mustered in October 4, 1864.

James E. Mosher, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 27, 1S64.

Thomas Murphy, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 7, 1864.

Joseph F. Merrill, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 7, 1864.

Frank Mitchell, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 7, 1864.

Willianr D. Moores, nmstered in August 30, 1864.

Jolin H. Nichols, Second Regiment ; mustered in August 12, 1862.

Henry B. Nealy, Thirteenth Regiment ; mustered in September 23, 1802.

George Noyes, Sixteenth Regiment ; mustered in October 26, 1862.

Henry Norton, mustered in September 22, 1803.

W. Henry Neal, Fourteenth Regiment ; mustered in October 27, 1803.

William K. Norton, Fourth Regiment ; mustered in April 0, 1864.

Jemmy Nudd, Sixth Regiment ; mustered in June 3, 1864.

Daniel B. Newhall, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in January 4, 1864.

Daniel E. Nichols, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in January 4, 1864.

Thomas Nathans, Seventh Regiment ; mustered in November 30, 1864.

Lewis Nassessua, mustered in November 12, 1863.

Andrew Neil, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in November 11, 18ia.

William Nash, Third Regiment ; mustered in November 20, ISfti.

Frank Norton, mustered in November 19, 1863.

Charles Newman, Second Regiment; mustered in November 24, 1863.

Charles Nash, Second Regiment; mustered in November 24,1863.

William H. Orne, Sixteenth Regiment ; nmstered in October 25, 1862.

Thomas O'Nalley, mustered in November 17, 1863.

Patrick Owens, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in September 21, 1803.

Alverton B. Osborne, Eighteenth Regiment; mustered in October 3,1864.

Peter Olsen, Ninth Regiment; mustered in July 14, 1864.

James Price, Fifth Regiment ; mustered in August 11, 1802.

Simeon Partridge, Second Regiment ; mustered in August 12, 1862.

James Prindebell, Ninth Regiment ; mustered in August 16, 1862.

Daniel Pettengill, Seventh Regiment ; mustered in -August 21, 1862

Alfred D. Powell, Tenth Regiment ; mustered in September 10, 1862.

John C. Palmer, Thirteenth Regiment ; mustered in September 23, 1862.

Jerould Perkins, Sixteenth Regiment ; mustered in October 25, 1862.

Oliver C. Powell, Sixteenth Regiment ; nmstered in October 2.5, 1862.

Sylvester H. Powell, Sixteenth Regiment ; mustered in October 25, 1862.

Benjamin Pevier, Jr., mustered in September 12, 1863.

Benjamin F. Peters, mustered in September 14, 1863.

John Paul, mustered in September 30, 1863.

Edgar V. Parsons, mustered in October 8, 1863.

Charles B. Prentis, Cavalry ; mustered in April 11, 1864.

Robert H. Potter, Sixth Regiment; mustered in December 19, 1863.

September 26,

September I

William Phillips, Eleventh Regiment ; mustered in July 19, 1804.
John Proroncher, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in January 4, 1864.
Joseph P. B. Pope, Sixth Regiment ; mustered in in 1864.
Bourdeau Pierre, Eleventh Regiment ; mustered in July 23, 1864.
Alfred W. Parker, United States Navy ; mustered in August 31, 1864.
George Price, Second Regiment; mustered in December 2, 1864.
Charles Perry, United States Navy ; mustered in October 1, 1864.
Thomas F. Powers, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in January 6, 1866.
Severe Pelren, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in January 3, 1865.
Charles Porter, mustered in February 7, 1865.
Henry Pearson, Cavalry ; mustered in February 25, 1866.
George Perkins, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 23, 1863.
Joseph Pierce, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 24, 1863.
George Parker, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 24, 1803.
John Powell, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 25, 1863.
Leonard L. Perry, Veteran Reserve Corps ; mustered in August 8, 18G4.
Walter Perry, mustered in August 11, 1864.
James H. Parks, mustered in September 8, 1864.
.Vlvah K. Potter, Eighteenth Regime

1864.
Joseph Pidgeon, mustered in August 19, 1864.
Charles W. Piper, Eighteenth Regiment ;

1864.
Charles Pace, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 22, 1864.
Robert A. Packard, United States Navy ; mustered in August 31, 1864.
Charles H. Peiflfer, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 7, 1864.
Felix Proroncher, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in February 15, 1865.
John Parker, Sixth Regiment ; mustered in May 23, 1865.
Walter Perley, Cavalry ; mustered in March 1, 1865.
Ransom S. Quimby, Tenth Regiment ; mustered in September 1, 1862.
Moses M. CJuimby, Tenth Regiment; mustered in September 16, 1862.
P. D. Quimby, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 7, 1864.
Peter Quinn, Fifth Regiment ; mustered in September 26, 1863.
Hiram M. Quimby, Heavy Artillery ; nuistered in August 26, 1863.
Jeremiah Quinn, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 5, 1864.
Elisha L. Quimby, Veteran Reserve Corps; mustered in August 8, 1864.
Parkhurst Quimby, Sixteenth Regiment ; nuistered in October 25, 1862.
Horace Rolfe, Ninth Regiment ; mustered in August 10, 1862.
Charles D. Rowell, Seventh Regiment ; mustered in August 21, 1862.
George A. Rumsey, Eleventh Regiment ; mustered in August 21, 1862.
Joseph Ray, mustered in September 19, 1863.
.lames Reid, mustered in September 10, 1863.
Thomas Ratray, Third Regiment ; mustered in April, 1864.
t 'harles E. Robinson, Fourth Regiment ; mustered in April 2, 1864.
Oscar F. Rankin, Cavalry ; mustered in April 6, 1864.
George H. Robinson, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in January 4, 1864.
Charles Runnells, Ninth Regiment ; mustered in July 8, 1804.
Charles A. Robbins, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in January 4, 1864.
John Ryne, Fifth Regiment; mustered in August 18, 1864.
Henry M. Robinson, Veteran Reserve Corps ; mustered in September 23,

1864.
William Robinson, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in November 26,

1864.
John Russell, Seventh Regiment ; mustered in November 30, 1864.
John F. Rauken, mustered in December 13, 1864.
John N. (or M.) Reed, Third Regiment ; mustered in December 13,

1864.

nustered in December :

Michael Riley, Heavy Artillery ;

Benjamin F. Roby, Eighteenth Regiment; mustered in February 6,

1865.
Alfred Rushlow, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in February 23, 1865.
Charles F. Roby, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in January 7, 1865.
.Toseph Randall, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 17, 1863.
John Risley, Eighth Regiment; mustered in November 12, 1863.
Charles Robinson, Eighth Regiment; nuistered in November 11, 1863.
George Russell, mustered in November 20, 1863.
.lohn Rutter, mustered in November 21, 1863.
George Ring, mustered in November 21, 1863.
Thomas Riley, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 21, 1863.
Joseph F. Rowe, Seventh Regiment ; mustered in November 24, 1863.
Patrick Rouse, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 24, 1863.
Jean Roberts, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 25, 1863.
Stephen L. Raymond, Cavalry ; mustered in November 14, 1863.
Richard W. Robinson, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 18,

1863.
James Riley, Eighth Regiment; mustered in August 0, 1864.
James Ryan, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in August 10, 1864.

CONCOKD.

Thomus Ryan, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in August 10, 1864.
Diivid B. Bowe, Veteran Reserve Corps ; mustered in August 31, 1864.
William H. Robinson, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in September 2,
1864.

James Robiusoii, Ij^lib . m li K.-nn. m , mn-i. ml inSeploniber 28, 1801.

Curtis B. Robert-.. II i: - m-l,. red in October I, ISM.

Cornelius Rourk., II \ i in October 17, 1864.

Eugene P. Rix, Il.■,i^,^ \inll. i \ : dmim. i. I m s,-ptember7, 1864.
Frank G. Bowdl, Heavy Artillerj ; luustered in September 7, 1864.
James Reddingtou, mustered in October 8, 1864.
John Rich, Fifth Regiment ; mustered in August 20. 1804.

De Witt I.'. Sanborn, Second Kegii
CartvU Sanborn, Ninth Regiment
George P. Sylvester, Ninth Regim
Edwin Sanborn, Tliirtueiith Kegiu
Edwar.l -li.Hik-. TlMN. . iLih Kegiii

Ler..vSi
Charle,

^ii-l 1-, 1S62.

\«.^u^t\2, 1862.
a .\u^'nst 12, 1862.
gust 19, 1862.

August 20, 1862.

I September 23, 1862.

II September 23, 1862.
September 23, 1802.

;cptember 28, 1862.

I October 24, 1862.

1 October 25, 1862.

I in October 25, 1862.

in October 25, 1862 ;

Albert II. Smart. SiMeeiitli U. .m
George W. Sheparil, Sixteeiilli i: _
Joseph J. Sliallies, Sixteenth j; _i.
re-enlisted Heavy Artilluiy , j
David W. Sargent, Sixteenth Kegii
Joseph E. Sargent, Fifteenth Regii
David Ste\eiit>, Sixte..uth Regiment ; mustered in November 4, 1862.
HiraiM Si i n-, -Im . mli Regiment; mustered in Novembers, 1862.

John Si \|. II. ry ; mustered in September 9, 1863.

Thoiii;i--i : . I III September 9, 1863.

Vict.ir sihii III. iiiii-i. I. I 11] September 10, 1S03.
John W. Swuh', mustered in September 14, 1863.
John Stevens, nmstered in September 21, 1803.
Peter Spellman, mustered in September 22, 1863.
Charles Smith, mustered in September 2.'., l.so;l.
Norton Stoddard, mustered iu s.|.i..|iil.. r Jl. Imi:;.

Peter Smith, mustered iu S..|.l .i _ . I ■. .

James Scott, mustered iu s.|.i. 11,1 I - ., I ...

Charles Stevens, Seventh KcjiiuieiiL . iiiiiot.:i(.d in September 20, 1863.

Daniel J. Sanders, Fifth Regiment ; nmstered in October 2, 1863.

John Snow, mustered in October 7, 1803.

Thomas Smith, mustered in October 8, 1863.

Andrew Saltmarsh, Fifth Regiment; mustered in September 30, 1S63,

Charles Smith, mustered in October 7, 1863.

Abel H. Stone, Fifth Regiment ; mustered In October 0, 1863.

John W. Shepard, Cavalry ; mustered in March 30, 1S64.

Matthew Storin, Third Regiment ; mustered in April 4, 1804.

John Scott, Heavy Artillery ; mustered iu July 2, 1863.

Morris Sullivan, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in October 17, 1863.

Leonard Speed, mustered in Deceiiilier 'i.i. I.sil3.

William F. Speed, mustere.l in M,.i. Ii JJ. l-i I,

Charles Stevens, Seventh l;._i , .i ., i . 1 in February 2S, 1804.

John Shepard. Sixth Regim, n; . i.i i,-i i . i i ;. .1 nlie 9, 1864.

John H. Sexton, Eighth Regin

Medad Strong, Fifth Regiment ; mustered iu in 1804.

Frederick D. Sprague, Eleventh Regiment ; mustered

Robert J. Smith, Fifth Regiment ; mustered in .\uguBt 13, 1864.

Edward P. Smith, Fifth Regiment ; mustered in August 8, 1864.

Henry Sweet, United States Navy ; mustered in September 19, 1804.

James Smith, Seventh Regiment ; mustered in December 2, 1864.

John Shanks, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in December 3, 1864.

Robert Stewart, mustered in December 9, 1864.

Thomas Sullivan, mustered in December 13, 1864.

Charles F. Scales, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered iu January 0, 1805.

Joseph K. Sargent, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in January 7, 1865.

William Smith, Third Regiment; mustered in Februarys, 1805.

George Thomas Smith, mustered in February 13, 186.").

Ralph Sharpies, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in March 20, 1865.

William Smith, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 20, 1*63.

Prudent St. Pierre, Second Regiment; mustered iu Noveniher 24, 1863.

George W. Small, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 24, 1863.

William Sullivan, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 23, 1863.

Joseph Simpson, Second Regiment ; mustered Iu November 24, 186.3.

Charles Seymour, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 24 1803.

10 January 4, 1804.

1 July •;

November 24, 1803.
1 November 25, 1863.
Johns, II. - l: .1. lit ; mustered in November 25, 1863.

Victor Si. I - I, _ lit ; niustered in Noveniher 25, 1863.

Samuel M 1 _ l: _ in , innstercd in November 12, 1863.

Ed»ai,l - - .1 , iiin-tered in November 25, 1863.

Willkiiii - 1 1 .1 ; mustered in November 25, 1863.

Arthur >. in. mil. . i .v,ili> : inn-i. i. .1 in November 25, 1863.
Thomas J. Smart, Eighteenth Ilej^inient ; mustered in September 28,

1804.
.John Smith, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in August 5, 1864.
John Smith, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 7, 1864.
Daniel E. Smith, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in September 30, 1864.
Albert W. Smith, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in September 3U,

1864.
Benjamin Severance, Thirteenth Regiment ; mustered iu July 18, 1864.
Leroy A. Sweatt, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 7, 1864.
Frank Stevens, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in September 17. 1864.
James M. Shepard, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in September 27,

Edward Sanders, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in September 29, 1864.
James H. Stevens, Heavy Artillery; mustered in September 7, 1864.
Joseph I. Shallis, mustered in September 7, 1864.
Charles T. Summers, Sixteenth Regiment; mustered in September 10.

1864.
J. Sidney Sargent, Heavy Artillery ; niustered in September 7, 1864.
A. L. Sanborn, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 7, 1864.
Beiyamin Severance, Veteran Reserve Corps.
William Sanborn, mustered in September 10, 1864.
George Stearns, mustered in October 8, 1804.

Franklin L. Tandy, Fourth Regiment ; mustered in August 12, 1862.
Josiah Tandy, Fourth Regiment ; mustered in August 15, 1802.
Josiah Teel, Ninth Regiment ; niustered in September 23, 1862.
George W. Tucker, Fourteenth Reghuent ; mustered in September 24,

1802.
George S. Tufts, mustered in September 14, 1863.
Robert Trimble, mustered in September 22, 1863.
Samuel Tebo, mustered in October 10, 1S63.

John Thompson, F.niili K.min.iii . mustered in October 23, 1863.
blrastus B. TueU.i, 1 1. 1 i, -n n; mustered in April 5, 1864.
George Thoma-s, 1 , i , i i i . I: i.i , mustered in July 26, 1864.

John Town, mu.^teie,,! m ;,. |.i,.!nL i J7, 1864.

Thomas Trainer, United States Navy ; mustered lu November 16, 1864.
Henry Thomas, Seventh Regiment ; mustered in November 26, 1864.
William Tabor, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in December 3, 1864.
Thomas Taylor, mustered in December 15, 1864.
William H. Thompson, mustered in December 27, 1804
Joseph Thompson, United States Cavalry ; mustered in January 3, 1865.
Elisha Thomas, Navy ; mustered in November 14, 1863.
Edward Trayuor, Second Regiment ; niustered in November 19, 1863.
Edward Tobin, Second Regiment ; niustered in November 17, 1863.
Francis Turner, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 17, 1863.
James Tryou, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 13, 1863.
Joseph P. Thompson, United States Navy ; mustered in August 19, 1864.
Charles Thompson, mustered in October 19, 1864.
Charles H. Tallant, mustered in September 2, 1864.
William S. Thuratou, Cavalry ; mustered in December 21, 1863.
William Tilton, Heavy Artillery ; mustered iu October 2,j, 1863.
James Thomas, Fifth Regiment ; mustered in August 11, 1862.
Charles W. Underbill, Ninth Regiment ; mustered in August 16, 1862.
William W. Virgin, Thirteenth Regiment ; mustered iu .September 23,

1862.
John S. Vogler, United States Navy ; nmstered in September 3, 1864.
John White, Fifth Regiment ; mustered in August 5, 1862.
William D. Wallace, Fifth Regiment ; mustered in August 11, 1862.
William Woods, Ffth Regiment ; mustered iu August 12, 1862.
William R. Wadleigh, Seventh Regiment; mustered in August 21, 1862.
George W. Worthen, Eleventh Regiment ; mustered in August 21, 1862.
James H. Walker, mustered in August 23, 186i.
Harrison Webber, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in September S, 1862.
George H. Weeks, Thirteenth Regiment ; mustered in September 23,

1862.
George A. Wilder, Thirteenth Regiment ; mustered iu Sopttmbcr 23,

1862.
William Williamson, Thirteenth Regiment; mustered in September 23,

1862.
Charles W. Wilson, Sixteenth Regiment ; muntered iu October 26, 1862.

136

HSTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

; mustered iu October 1, 1S63.
September 23, 18G3.

.1 , mustered ill April S, 18r,4.
,i. Ill ; mustered in April 30, ISM.
stered in June lO, 1SG4.
t ; mu terod in in 1864.

red in January 3, ISe.'i.
January 6, 180,1.
mustered in February 3,

Corliss Wheeler, Fifth RegimonI

Charles E. Williams, mustered ii

John B. White, mustered in S.'pte

Samuel Watson, iiLii-iii.il in I'-i'i

George E. Watsmi, I i ; .

Thomas C. Weeks I i I

Charles B. WalKuii. ^, >,„,!, |;, _,

John Ward, Ninth Kiigimi'iil ; mi

Thomas E. Wilder, Sixth Regimel

James White, Cavalry ; mustered in October 0, I8t)2.

George Winston, United States Cavalry ; mustered iu August 1

Jeremiah Williams, mustered iu September, 18«4.

Rensellaer Wright, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in September 1

Henry A. Walsh, Cavalry ; mustered in November 11, 1804.

Alfred W.ills Si \. iilli lliisiment; mustered in November 2.5, 11

Jame.i< Wiiulii, iiiii-li.il ill December 2, 1804.

Robert \\ illiiiiii-. N.i\\ mustered in December G, 1864.

Thomas W.inl, iini-i li.l in IVri-uiber Ii, lSi;4.

William Wilson, 'lliii : I; _ ni li.i-ii i 1 m Hi-cember 14,

Edward Walker, 1 1 i hicomber 24,

William G. Weill i. 1 i 1 i ! I iii January 2,

Frank Warren, Thiiil I;, ■.nu. m iini-i.iii ii 1864.

Walter A. Webster, liiitiii Slates Navy ; mu
Henry Wilson, Fourth Regiment ; mustered
John or Joseph Walcb, Eighteenth Regimen

1805.
Peter Woods, Eleventh Regiment ; mustered in March 1, 1805.
John Wilson, Fifth Regiment ; mustered in February 7, 1865.
William F. Wallace, Eighteenth Regiment ; mustered in March 0, 1866.
George A. Whitlier, Tenth Regiment ; mustered in September 10, 1802.
Charles Wood, Second Regimeut ; mustered in November 13, 1803.
Henry Williams, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in November 12, 1803.
William Wirt, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 20, 1803.
James Williams, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 23, 1863.
William Westorman, Second Regimeut ; mustered in November 25, 1863.
Charles H. Waymouth, mustered in November 14, 1803.
George Whillard, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 17, 1863.
Nelson Whitney, Fourth Regiment ; mustered in November 13, 1803.
George Wallace, Eighth Regiment ; mustered in November 12, 1803.
Charles W. Woods, Second Regiment ; mustered iu August 9, 1804.
John W. Wilson, Heavy Artillery ; mustered iu September, ly64.
Clarion F. Whittier, Eighteeuth Regimeut ; mustered in October 1, 1S04.
William F. Winn, Heavy Artillery ; mustered in October 17, 1864.
Richard E. Welsh, Heavy Artillery ; nuistercd in September 24, 1804
George H. Wilkius, Heavy Artillery ; mustered iu September 7, 1804.
Horace G. Wyman, United States Navy ; mustered in August 24, 1804.
Frederick J. WUIoughby, Cavalry ; mvisteredin October 0, 1803.
Frank Walker, Fourth Regiment ; mustered in January 2, 1805.
Thomas Young, Seventh Regiment ; mustered in November 23, 1864.
Michael York, Second Regiment ; mustered in November 17, 1863.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

NATHANIEL WHITE.

Nathaniel White, oldest chUd of Samuel and
Sarah (Freeman) White, was born in Lancaster, Feb-
ruary 7, 1811. His childhood was passed under a
tender mother's care, and to her strict religious train-
ing was Nathaniel White indebted for his noble
character, which led him untainted amid the tempta-
tions of youth, and unspotted through a long career
of usefulness. At home were those principles of
integrity, honesty, temperance, philanthropy and
generosity inculcated which led to a long life rounded
by Christian virtues, adorned by humanitarian graces
and free from vices.

At the age of fourteen years he went into the employ
of a merchant in Lunenburg, Vt., with whom he
remained about one year, when he accepted employ-
ment with General John Wilson, of Lancaster, who
was just eutering upon his duties as landlord of the
Columbian Hotel, in Concord. His parents the more
readily consented to his taking this step on account of
the many noble qualities of Mrs. Wilson. To her
cure he was entrusted by his solicitous mother. In
the employ of General Wilson, Nathaniel White com-
menced life in Concord at the foot of the ladder. He
arrived in Concord, August 25, 1826, with one shilling
in his pocket. For Ave years, or until he came of
age, he continued at the Columbian, rendering a
strict account of his wages to his father, and saving
the dimes and quarters which came as perquisites,
until by his twenty-first birthday he had a fund of
two hundred and fifty dollars.

This may be understood from the fact that he com-
menced life with certain virtues and with no vices.
He was prudent, economical, temperate. He never
used intoxicating drinks as a beverage, nor tobacco
in any form ; nor did he gamble or bet with dice or
cards. Business success he preferred to pleasure,
and to his work he carried enterprise, energy and
will.

In 1832 he made his first business venture, negoti-
ating the first and last business loan of his life, and
purchased a part interest iu the stage-route between
Concord and Hanover, occupying the "box " himself
for a few years. In one year he was free from debt.
Soon after, he bought into the stage-route between
Concord and Lowell. In 1838, in company with
Captain William Walker, he initiated the express
business, making three trips weekly to Bo.ston, and
l)ersonally attending to the delivery of packages,
goods or money, and other business entrusted to him.
He was ever punctual : he never forgot. In 1842,
upon the opening of the Concord Railroad, he was
one of the original partners of the express company
which was then organized to deliver goods throughout
New Hampshire and Canada. The company, under
various names, haa continued in successful operation
to the present day, and to Nathaniel White's busi-
ness capacity has it been greatly indebted for its
remarkable financial success.

In 184(5, Mr. White purchased his farm, and has
cultivated it since that date. It lies in the south-
western section of the city, two miles from the State-
House, and embraces over four hundred acres of
land.

For his adopted home he ever felt and evinced a
strong attachment, and to him Concord owes much
of her material prosperity and outward adornment.
Beautiful structures have been raised through his
instrumentality, which render the capitol and the
State-House park such attractive features of the city.

In 1852 he made his first step iu political life, being
chosen by the Whigs and Free-Soilers to represent

%ATlld]Z

CONCORD.

137

Concord in the State Legislature. He was an Aboli-
tionist from tlie start, a member of the Anti-Slavery
Society from its inception. His hospitable home was
the refuge of many a hunted slave, a veritable station
on the Underground Kailroad, where welcome, care,
food and money were freely bestowed, and the refu-
gees were sent on their way rejoicing, The attic of
his house and the hay-mows in his stable were tlie
havens of rest for the persecuted black men.

In all works of charity and philanthropy Mr. Wliite
was foremost or prominent. He was deeply interested
in the establishment of the New Hampshire Asylum
for the Insane and the State Reform School ; in the
Orphans' Home, at Franklin, which he liberally
endowed ; and the Home for the Aged, in Concord,
which was his special care.

The Reform Club of Concord, though not an elee-
mosynary institution, received substantial benefits
from his generosity, and to him, in a great measure,
it owed its very existence, during the reaction which
followed the first enthusiasm.

Besides his extensive interest in the express com-
pany, his farm — which is one of the most highly
cultivated in the State — his charming summer retreat
on the borders of Lake Sunapee and his real estate in
C^oncord, he was interested in real estate in Chicago,
in hotel property in the mountain districts, in rail-
road corporations, in banks, in manufacturing estab-
lishments and in shipping. He was a director in the
Manchester and Lawrence, the Franconia and Profile
House and the Mount Washington Railroads, and in
the National State Capital Bank ; a trustee of the
Loan and Trust Savings-Bank of Concord; also of
the Reform School, Home for the Aged and Orphans'
Home, and of other private and public trusts.

In 1875, Nathaniel White was the candidate for
Governor of the Prohibition party, and he had a vast
number of friends in the Republican party, with
which he was most closely identified, who wished to
secure his nomination for the highest honor within
the gift of a State by the Republican party. In
1876 he was sent as a delegate to the Cincinnati Con-
vention, which nominated Mr. Hayes for President,
and cast every ballot for the gentleman of his choice.
During the summer of 1880 he was placed by his
party at the head of the list of candidates for Presi-
dential electors.

With all these honors thrust upon him, Nathaniel
White was not a politician, although firm in his own
political convictions. The oflice sought the man, not
tlie man the olfice.

Nathaniel White was blessed in his marriage rela-
tions. His history is incomplete without a narration
of the perfect union, complete confidence and mutual
trust and assistance between him and his wife during
a married life of nearly half a century. November 1,
183(i, he was married, by Rev. Robert Bartlett, of
Laconia, to Armenia S., daughter of .Tohn Aldrich, of
Boscaweu, who survives him. Mrs. Armenia S. White

is of good old Quaker stock, descending in the sixth
generation from Moses Aldrich, a Quaker preacher
who emigrated to this country in the seventeenth
century, and settled in Rhode Island; and on the
maternal side, from Edward Doty, a Pilgrim who
landed in the " Mayflower." Slie was born Novem-
ber 1, 1817, in Mendon, Mass., her parents removing
from Rhode Island at the time of their marriage. In
1830 she went with her parents to Boscawen, where
she lived until her marriage. Mrs. White has been
her husband's companion and abettor in every good
work.

Their children are John A. White; Armenia E.,
wife of Horatio Hobbs; Lizzie H., wife of C. H. New-
hall, of Lynn ; Nathaniel White, Jr. ; Benjamin C.
White, who survive. They lost two children — Annie
Frances and Seldon F. — and adopted one, Hattie S.,
wife of Dr. D. P. Dearborn, of Brattleborough, Vt.

In early life Mr. White joined the Independent
Order of Odd-Fellows, but his interest was soon gone.
For several years he continued his connection with
the society by paying his dues, without actual attend-
ance, until at last he dropped from their ranks. He
belonged to no other secret socieey. Anti-slavery
societies, temperance societies, charitable and benev-
olent societies, woman suflrage and equal rights
societies, and the Universalist society, — in all of
these both husband and wife were deeply and equally
interested. Hand-in-hand they have been in every
good work, save where the charities of one were
unknown to the other. During the first four years of
their married life, on account of Mr. White's occupa-
tion, they boarded ; for eight years they lived on
Warren Street ; since 1848, until the death of Mr.
White, in their residence on School Street. Here
they have meted out generous and refined hospitality
to the humble slave, the unfortunate and to the most
illustrious guests who have honored Concord by their
visits.

Nathaniel White died Saturday, October 2, 1880,
having nearly completed the allotted span of three-
score years and ten. He was stricken down suddenly,
although, with his usual business foresight, he seems
to have been prepared for the change. The family
in their bereavement had the sympathy of the com-
munity and State. The sense of a great loss pervaded
the city. The funeral was held in the church wliich
owes so much to his fostering care, and was the occa-
sion when a great multitude bore witness to the depth
of their sorrow. His remains lie in the lot in Blossom
Hill Cemetery which his filial love prepared as the
resting-place for his parents.

What were the traits that so endeared Nathaniel
White to all who knew him, or could appreciate him ?
He was thoroughly good : he had a great heart. Of
active sympathies, of warm feelings, he was ever
ready to listen to the call of suffering, and answer it.
His heart and ))urse were always open for worthy
objects. His assistance was freely given for the

138

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

furtherance of good enterprises. He was an ardent
and persevering worl^er for reform. He was a con-
sistent temperance advocate. He was a modest man
withal, not fluent as a speaker, but listened to as an
oracle. Deeds, not words, made up his life. He was
blessed with good judgment and common sense. He
was practical and successful. To him a man was a
brother, a woman a sister. He loved his fellow-men.

Mr. White embodied and exemplified in his life
those qualities of mind and heart which distinguish
what we love to call our self made men. He was
essentially progressive, courageous and a moving
force among his associates. Life was to him full of
opportunities, which he had the nerve to seize and
the capacity to improve ; and then force of character,
guided by high moral instinct and sterling honesty,
made him a power in the business and social com-
munity, and won for him his high position. And it
was no covetous hand that gathered up this harvest
of wealth and influence and strength of resource. He
gathered it and dispensed it with equal munificence.
It went to help the poor, to encourage enterprise, to
promote all good works and to make the community
better and happier. He made his impress on the
world about him, not by what he gained from it, but
by what he gave it ; and his works live after him,
and speak continually of a life that was a rich bless-
ing, and is still a treasure to the community to which
it peculiarly belongs.

The Daily Monitor, under date of October 2, 1880,
said, —

"In the death of Nathaniel White this community sustains an irrep-
arable loss. Large-hearted, humane, liberal and progressive, he gave
to every good work, local and general, his earnest, unstinted support.
Devoted to the welfare of Concord, he employed his wealth for the en-
hancement of its prosperity. His public spirit extended also to the State,
and he was foremost in enterprises for the development of its resources.
A good man has gone to his reward, and it can be truly said that the
world is better for the part he bore in it."

Mr. White's marital relations were of a most happy
character, and Mr. H. P. Rolfe truly said, —

" In all his aspirations to make himself an honorable name, and to do
good to his kindred, his friends, bis country and bis race, Mr. Wliite
was most fortunate and happy in that be bad the early suggestion, the
prompt encouragement, the ready co-operation and the ardent sympathy
of her who, for nearly half a century, kept his home constantly blooming
with the sweet-scented flowers of atfection."

HON. ONSLOW STEARNS.

A large proportion of the men who have been elected
to the chief magistracy of our State were, to a greater
or less extent, engaged in political life during a con-
siderable period of their existence. The men of essen-
tially business tastes and occupation, who have been
called to the gubernatorial chair, have been excep-
tions to the general rule. Nor is our State different
from others in this regard. Everywhere, as a rule,
the public offices which the people have at their
disposal are conferred upon men who have devoted
their time and attention to politics and partisan

management. Among the more conspicuous excep-
tions to this rule in this State is the case of the late
ex-Governor Stearns, who, although a man of de-
cided political convictions, was, in no sense of the
word, a politician, and was never in any degree
concerned in party management. Mr. Stearns was
a business man in the full sense of the term; and,
thoroughly identified as he was with the railroad
interest of the State from its inception till the day of
his death, he was unquestionably, from first to last,
the most conspicuous representative of that interest
in New Hampshire.

Onslow Stearns was born in Billerica, Mass.,
August 30, 1810. The farm upon which he was
reared, and which still remains in the family, being
now owned by an older brother, Franklin Stearns,
was the property and homestead of his grandfather,
Hon. Isaac Stearns, a prominent and influential
citizen of Middlesex County, and a soldier in the
old French War, who was, at one time, a member of
the Executive Council of the State, and held other
honorable and responsible offices. His father, John
Stearns, who was also a farmer, and succeeded in
possession of the homestead, was killed in the prime
of life by a railroad accident at Woburn. William
Stearns, a brother of .John and uncle of Onslow, was
a soldier in the Revolution, and fought at the battle
of Lexington. Onslow Stearns remained at home,
laboring upon the farm, and availing himself of
such educational privileges as the public schools
afforded, until seventeen years of age, when he went
to Boston and engaged as a clerk in the house of
Howe & Holbrook, afterward J. C. Howe & Co.,
where he remained about three years, and then left
to join his brother, John O. Stearns, since famous
as a railroad contractor and builder, who, then in
Virginia, was engaged in the construction of the
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. Subsequently he be-
came interested with his brother in contracts for the
construction of various railroads in Pennsylvania,
New York and New Jersey, upon which he was
engaged until the summer of 1837, when he returned
to Massachusetts and engaged in contracts upon the
Charlestown Branch and Wilmington and Haverhill
Railroads, now, respectively, portions of the Fitch-
burg and Boston and Maine roads. Soon after, he
engaged in the work of completing the Nashua and
Lowell Railroad, then in process of construction
from Lowell to Nashua. This road was completed
in the fall of 1838, when Mr. Stearns was made its
superintendent, holding the position until July,
1846, when he resigned to become agent of the
Northern Railroad Company of New Hampshire,
for the purpose of constructing its road from Concord
to White River Junction. His first efl'orts in the
interest of this road were directed toward obtaining
the necessary legislation for securing a right of way
for the road over the land where it was to pass, the
law of 1840 having rendered it impossible. This

1S(f^

(/2___^C^.A<^XZX,--^

CONCORD.

legislation was secured in 1844, by which the State
was empowered to take the land of the owners,
making them compensation for damages, and leasing
the same to railroad corporations, they repaying to
the State the amount paid for damages.

Under the personal supervision of Mr. Stearns,
the road was located, and the work of coii.struction
vigorously carried forward and completed, the
Bristol Branch included. After its completion he
became manager of the road, which position he held
till May, 1852, when he was chosen president of the
Northern Kailroad Company, continuing in that
office until the time of his death. He was also gen-
eral superintendent of the Vermont Central Railroad
from 1852 till 1855, a director in the Ogdensburgb
Railroad for some time, and for nearly twenty yeare,
up to 1875, a director in the Nashua and Lowell
Railroad corporation.

While president of the Northern Railroad Com-
pany, Mr. Stearns was also president of the Sullivan,
the Contoocook Valley and the Concord and Clare-
mont Railroad Companies, which were connected in
interest with the Northern Railroad, and, under his
direction, the Concord and Claremont Railroad was
extended from Bradford to Claremont, being com-
pleted in 1872. The success of Mr. Stearns in the
management of these various railroad enterprises
caused his services to be sought by those interested
in other railroads, and he was frequently solicited to
take charge of railroad interests in Massachusetts
and other States. These offers he uniformly declined
till July, 18G6, when he was induced to take the
presidency of the Old Colony and Newport Railway
Company, in Massachusetts, which position he held
till November, 1877, when he resigned on account of
failing health. During this time the Old Colony and
Newport Railway Company and the Cape Cod Rail-
road Company were consolidated under the name of
the Old Colony Railroad Company, and the South
Shore and Duxbury and Cohasset Railroads, with
others, were added to it. The Old Colony Steamboat
Company was also formed, and purchased the boats
of the Narragansett Steamship Company, thus form-
ing, with the Old Colony Railroad, the present Fall
River Line between Boston and New York. In
1874, Mr. Stearns was elected president of the Con-
cord Railroad, and continued to manage the affairs
of this corporation till his death.

The eleven years during which Mr. Stearns was
president of the Old Colony Railroad were years of
the most intense and constant labor on his part.
For two years of the time he was Governor of New
Hampshire. He was president of the Northern
Railroad and the other roads connected with it dur-
ing all that time ; and for three years he was also
president of tlie Concord Railroad and of the Old
Colony Steamboat Company, besides being a director
and interesteil in the management of various other
corporations. Mr. Stearns gave an active, personal

supervision to all the corporate interests under his
charge, embracing not only their general relations
with other cor])orations and interests, but extending
to the most minute details of their management.
He was never idle. No man was ever more pains-
taking and faithful in the discharge of his duties.
His papers and figures were carried with him, and
studied as he journeyed between his home in Con-
cord and the railroad offices in Boston ; and when in
Boston his labors almost always extended fiir into
the hours of night. He lived in labor, and thought
no plan complete till, by execution, it had passed
beyond his power to labor upon it. His knowledge
of the practical management of railroads was com-
plete and perfect to the smallest details; and this,
together with his unwearied industry, sound business
judgment and foresight and his knowledge and
control of men, contributed to a success such as few
railroad managers have attained. At his death he
was the oldest railroad president in continuous
service in New England, having been president of
the Northern Railroad for twenty-seven years.

Although in no sense a politician, as has been
stated, Mr. Stearns was a man of fixed political con-
victions, acting heartily with the Whig party from
early life until the dissolution of the party, when he
became a Republican. In 1862 he accepted the
nomination of his party as candidate for State Sen-
ator in the Concord District, and was elected, serving
upon the committees upon railroads, elections, and
military affairs. He was re-elected the following
year, and was chosen president of the Senate, faith-
fully and acceptably discharging the duties of his
responsible position. In legislation, as in business
life, he was eminently a practical man. During his
term of legislative service the War of the Rebellion
was in progress, and his efforts as a legislator, as well
as a citizen, were freely and fully exerted in behalf
of the Union cause. He was one of the prime
movers in the formation of the New Hampshire
Soldiers' Aid Society, an organization which con-
tributed largely to the encouragement of enlistments
and the assistance of the needy families of soldiers
in the field.

In 18G4, Mr. Stearns was a delegate-at-Iarge from
New Hampshire in the Republican National Con-
vention, and was one of the vice-presidents of that
body. Many prominent Republicans and personal
friends had, for some time, urged his candidacy for the
Republican nomination for Governor of the State, and
in 1867 he received a large vote in the convention
which nominated General Harriman for that office.
Soon after the convention he was besought by a num-
ber of his friends and political associates, who were
dissatisfied with the action of the convention, to
allow the use of his name as an independent candi-
date, but declined to accede to their wishes.

In the Republican State Convention of 1867 no
name but that of Mr. Stearns was presented lor the

140

HISTORY OP MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

gubernatorial nomination, which was conferred upon
him by acclamation, a circumstance of rare occur-
rence in a case of a first nomination. He was
elected by a decided majority, over General John
Bedel, the Democratic candidate, and was renomi-
nated the following year. He sent a letter to the
convention declining the renomination, on account
of the state of his health and the pressure of busi-
ness cares ; but the convention refused to accept the
declination, and a committee was appointed to wait
upon him and urge its withdrawal, which was finally
successful in its efforts. His re-election followed,
and for another year he devoted no small share of
his attention to the interests of the State, notwith-
standing the varied demands of the extensive cor-
porate interests under his management. To the
financial affairs of the State his care was especially
directed, and during his administration the State
debt was reduced nearly one-third, while the State
tax was also reduced in still greater proportion. He
also took a lively interest in the management of the
State Prison, and was instrumental in effecting great
changes therein, securing more thorough discipline
and putting the institution upon a paying basis,
whereas it had long been run at a pecuniary loss to
the State.

In the discharge of all his public duties Mr.
Stearns always sought to treat the matter in hand in
a thoroughly practical and business-like manner,
exercising the same judgment and discrimination as
in the management of his private and business
affairs. Although firmly attached to his party, he
was less a partisan in the exercise of his official
functions than many of his predecessors had been,
and was the first Republican Governor of New
Hampshire to nominate a Democrat to a position
upon the Supreme Bench, which he did in 1870,
when Hon. Wm. S. Ladd, of Lancaster, was made an
associate justice of the Supreme Judicial Court, to
fill the vacancy caused by the retirement of Judge
Nesmith. This action, although denounced by
many of his Republican friends, is now regarded by
all as having been wise and judicious, inasmuch as
the ultimate outcome has been a thoroughly non-
partisan judiciary in our State and a universal desire
and determination to maintain the same.

The cause of education found in Mr. Stearns a
warm friend, and in the welfare of Dartmouth Col-
lege, which institution, in 1857, conferred upon him
the honorary degree of Master of Arts, he took
special interest. His first public address after
assuming the gubernatorial office was upon the
occasion of the college centennial, wherein he took
decided ground in favor of such liberal aid from the
State as might be necessary to make the institution
permanently effective for the public good.

In religious symjiathies and convictions Mr.
Stearns wiis a Unitarian, and was an active and
influential member of the Unitarian Society of

Concord during his long residence in the city, con-
tributing liberally for the support of public worship,
upon which he was a constant attendant, and for all
its auxiliary purposes and objects. Thoroughly
public-spirited, he never failed to give material sup-
port to all measures which seemed to him calculated
to advance the interests of his adopted city, as well
as the State at large, nor were his social duties in the
lea.st neglected, notwithstanding the pressing cares
of public and business life.

The long and arduous labor of his life was not
without its substantial reward, and he became the
possessor of an ample fortune, enabling him to dis-
pense a liberal hospitality. Among the many dis-
tinguished persons entertained in his elegant mansion
were two incumbents of the chief magistracy of the
United States, General Grant and Mr. Hayes, each
of whom became his guest when visiting our State
capital.

Mr. Stearns was united in marriage, June 26, 1845,
with Miss Mary A. Holbrook, daughter of Hon.
Adin Holbrook, of Lowell, Mass., and with her
established a home in Concord the following year, in
the location where he continued to reside, making
numerous improvements from time to time through-
out his life. Five children — a son and four daugh-
ters—are the fruit of this union. The son, Charles 0.
Stearns, is engaged in railroad business in Boston.
The eldest daughter, Mary, is the wife of Brevet
Brigadier-General John R. Brooke, of the United
States army ; the second daughter, Margaret, is now
Mrs. Ingalls, of North Adams, Mass, ; the other
daughters, Sarah and Grace, remain with their
mother at the family residence in Concord, where
the husband and father, after a brief illness of a few
days, quietly departed this life, December 29, 1878.

LEWI.S DOWNING.

Samuel, father of Lewis, was of English extraction,
born in 1757, and moved to Lexington, Mass., in
1777. He married, first, Susanna, daughter of Ben-
jamin and Sarah (Reed) Brown, of Lexington. The
children of this marriage were Polly, born Octo-
ber 21, 1783; Oliver, born March 10, 1785; Samuel,
born October 80, 1787 ; Susanna, born November 20,
1788; Sally, born November 23, 1790; Lewis, born
June 23, 1792; William, born September 20, 1796.
The latter was a soldier in the War of 1812, and was
mortally wounded at the battle of Lundy's Lane,
July 25, 1814.

Samuel married, second, Eunice Bridge, of Lex-
ington, and the children from this union were Emily,
born January 24, 1801 ; Charles, born July 9, 1802 ;
George W., born February 22, 1804; Andrew J.,
born October 31, 1815, and Fanny, who died in in-
fancy. Samuel was a carriage-maker by trade, and
taught the same to his son Samuel, who, in turn,
taught it to his brother Lewis, and the shop where

.J/^^J^-t^) /_ZVy.^7 7./.V ^ ,

CONCORD.

141

they all worked still stands as then, in the town of
Lexington and just below the celebrated " Munroe
Tavern."

In the year 1800 Samuel removed from Lexington,
Mass., to Newburgh, N. Y., and thence to Montgom-
ery, intending to continue his occupation as a car-
ri.age-maker at that place. Owing to the bad state of
liis health at Montgomery he returned to Newburgh,
where he established, on the corner of Broad and
Liberty Streets, about the commencement of the
present century, a shop for the manufacture of
wagons and carriages. While yet in the early stages
of tliis undertaking failing health led him to engage
in the more healthful business of market gardening
and the cultivation of a nursery, which he planted
on the property adjoining his shop. As early as
1810, he offered for sale, trees grafted or inoculated of
apples, pears, peaches, apricots and cherries, and
was the first to conduct the business with such suc-
cess as to secure its continuance. He led an indus-
trious and sober life, and died in Newburgh November
1, 1822. Of the children by his second marriage,
Charles and Andrew J. were very celebrated for
their knowledge of horticulture and landscape gard-
ening, having published various works, among
which are " Downing's Fruits and Fruit-Trees of
America," "Downing's Country Houses," and also
" Landscape Gardening." Ay

Andrew J. Downing, as an architect, has no su-
perior. HLs creations were always appropriate to,
and compatible with, their surroundings. So much
80, that one was often fain to wonder whether the scen-
ery was made to fit the edifice, or the edifice to crown
and ennoble the scenery. As a horticulturist, flori-
culturist and pomologist he had no equal ; his knowl-
edge in each of these departments was profound and
exhaustive, and his taste both exquisite and unerring.
As an author, he was prolific, genial and attractive;
always at his ease, and always a perfect master of his
subject and the English language. He was for many
years editor of the Horticulttirvit, a monthly magaziue
of large circulation. It is very rarely that a man of
such varied talents, each so perfect in its kind and
all capable of combination to a certain and practi-
cable end, appears in this world of ours. He laid
out the grounds of the Smithsonian Institute, in
Washington in 1851, and a monument was afterwards
erected on them to his memory. He perished in the
burning of the steamer " Henry Clay," on the Hudson
River, July 28, 1852, while on his way to superintend
the erection of some villas at Newport, R. I.

Charles Downing was always in complete sympathy
with his gifted brother, Andrew J., and had many
qualities in common with him. He devoted his life
to his favorite pursuits of horticulture and pomology,
and re-edited Andrew's Work on " Fruits and Fruit-
Trees of America," adding much new matter, the
results of his own observation and experiments, finally
completing a work which is considered the highest

authority on this subject both in England and
America. He died at Newburgh, N. Y., January 18,
1885, at the age of eighty-two years. On the ma-
ternal side they are of the same lineage as the late
President Garfield, the common ancestor being John
Bridge, the Puritan, one of the earliest settlers of
Cambridge, whose statue in bronze stands on Cam-
bridge Common.

Lewis, the subject of this .sketch, son of Samuel
and Susanna (Brown) Downing, was born in Lexing-
ton, Mass., June 23, 1792 ; married Lucy Wheelock,
only child of Jonathan and Lucy (Beaman) Wheelock,
at Concord, Mass., May 25, 1815. Jonathan Wheelock
was a soldier in the Revolution, doing service for his
country, from Bunker Hill to Yorktown, especially
sharing in the sufferings of the American army at
Valley Forge. He was for many years a noted stage-
driver between Boston and Concord, Mass., spending
the last years of his life with his daughter, dying at
her home, September 5, 1845, at the age of eighty-
six years.

The children of Lewis and Lucy (Wheelock)
Downing, all born in Concord, were, Lucy Maria,
born September 19, 1818 ; Lewis Downing, Jr., born
December 6, 1820 ; Alonzo, born December 28, 1822;
Mary Anii, born January 25, 1826 ; Emily and Ellen,
born July 28, 1828. Lewis moved from Lexington,
Mass., to Concord, N. H., in May, 1813, and com-
menced the carriage business, first at the north end of
Main Street, but in 1816 purchased the "Duncan Es-
tate," at the south end, and moved his shops there,
where they remain at the present time. For the first
few years he only made the " Concord Wagon," with
some freight-wagons, used at that time for freighting
goods from Boston to towns in New Hampshire and
Vermont, and the two-wheel chaise, used extensively
then instead of the four-wheel buggy, as at the pres-
ent time. The first wagon made was in November,
1813, and the first chaise he made was sold to the
Rev. Di-. Bouton, and was used by him a great many
years. In the year 1826, Mr. Downing, foreseeing
that there must eventually be a great demand for
stage-coaches, concluded to commence the manufacture
of them, and with that in view, he went to Salem, Mass.
and arranged with J. Stephens Abbot to come to
Concord and build three coach-bodies. Mr. Abbot
was then at work for Mr. Frothingham, a celebrated
coach-maker in Salem, but left and arrived in Con-
cord on Christmas eve, and made the first coach-
bodies ever built in New Hampshire during tlic
spring of 1827. The first coach was completed, and
went out of the shop in July, 1827, and w.i.s sol<l to
John Shepherd. From that time on, the demand I'or
coaches increased, and before the advent of the rail-
road.s they could be found in all parts of the world.

In 1828, Mr. Downing took Mr. Abbot in with him
as a partner, and the firm-name was Downing &
Abbot until September, 1847, when it was dissolved,
and Mr. Downing and his two sons built new shops

142

HISTOKY OF MERKIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

on Main Street, opposite the Phenix Hotel, con-
tinuing business under tlie name of L. Downing &
Sons, while Mr. Abbot and his son Edward A. carried
on the same at the old shops. January 1, 1865, Mr.
Downing, Sr., retired from the business, and a new
firm was formed under the name of Abbot, Downing
& Co., consisting of J. Stephens, Edward A. and
Joseph H. Abbot, Lewis Downing, Jr., and Alonzo
Downing, and the worlds at the south end greatly en-
larged for the purpose. January 1, 1873, they pur-
chased the works of Harvey, Morgan & Co., and
reorganized under the general laws of New Hamp-
shire as the Abbot-Dowuing Company, and so continue
at the present time, with a capital of four hundred
thousand dollars, a force of two hundred and seventy-
five men, their shops occupying about six acres of
ground and their carriages sent in all directions. In
this connection it may not be improper to say that it
is a very remarkable circumstance, probably without
a parallel, that from the time Samuel Downing com-
menced learning his trade, in 1772, until the present
time, 1885, it will be one hundred and thirteen con-
secutive years of service in the same business by the
father, son and grandson, and a total of one hundred
and forty-four years' active service by the same per-
sons, viz.: Samuel Downing from 1772 until 1810,
thirty-eight years; Lewis Downing from 1807 until
1865, fifty-eight years ; and Lewis Downing, Jr., from
1837 until 1885, forty-eight years. The latter is still
in active business and president of the Abbot-Downing
Company. The original shops, established by Lewis
Downing seventy-two years ago, occupy the same
ground they have occupied the past sixty-nine years.
Mr. Downing visited California twice iu connection
with his business, and was well-known on the Pacific
coast, where he had a large market for his carriages,
so celebrated the world over. He earned and main-
tained a high reputation for skill, sagacity and in-
tegrity, probably doing as much as any other man for
the prosperity and growth of Concord. The Concord
Dailji Monitor, in an interesting sketch of his career,
January, 1865, says: "Mr. Downing, Sr., retires from
business, after active participation in it for nearly
fifty-eight years, and we think we express the generiil
sentiment of the community when we say that during
that time, his integrity having never been questioned,
he is entitled to be called Concord's best benefactor."
Mr. Downing, though not an active politician, was
a thorough-going Republican, and represented Ward
6 in the State Legislature in 1865-66. He not only
sought to build up a business for his own advantage,
but he was keenly alive to whatever affected the pub-
lic welfare. So far as his influence could avail any-
thing, he endeavored to have the business affairs of
the community and State conducted on principles of
strict justice to all concerned. Positive and self-re-
liant in his own convictions, he opposed, with blunt
sincerity, whatever seemed to him ill-considered and
blamable. No one had a more thoughtful concern

for whatever tended to strengthen public character
and elevate public life, and his personal integrity in
business gave character to the whole community and
made the city of Concord famous. His coaches being
known the world over, are regarded as fair represen-
tatives of the average moral worth of her citizens.
In religion, so far as any creed is concerned, he was
a strong Unitarian, being one of the founders of that
society in the city of Concord, and in his will gives
his entire estate, at the decease of his children, to
that society, the income of which is to be expended
by them annually for the spread of liberal Chris-
tianity, as represented in the writings of William
Ellery Channing. After a long and severe illness he
died, March 10, 1873, in the eighty-first year of his
age. His life was faithful, just and true; his death
peaceful, serene, ftiU of faith and longings for the
" beyond."

J. STEPHENS ABBOT.

In the beautiful town of Andover, Mass., situated
on the bank of the Merrimack River, is the cemetery
in which may be seen a cenotaph bearing the follow-
ing inscription :

"GEORGE ABBOT,

born in England,

was one of the lirat settleiii

of Andover, A.D. 1643

wlicre, in l(i47, he married

HANNAH CHANDLER.

He died December, 1081, M. 66,

She died December 1711, M. 82.

Their descendants, in reverence for

Their Moral Worth and Christian

virtues, erected this monument

A.D. 1S43."

Thus it appears that the ancestors of the subject of
this sketch were of that sturdy and valiant race of
pioneers who laid the foundation of this great Anglo-
Saxon nation.

J. Stephens Abbot was born in Albany, Me., on
the 22d of February, 1804. While yet an infant he
was deprived of both his parents, and his uncle,
General Abbot, took him to old Salem to his aunt,
Mrs. Chase, by whom he was adopted, and for whom
he always cherished the most affectionate regard.

At Salem he enjoyed such educational advantages
as generally fell to the lot of boys destined to earn
their own living in a new country at that early period
of the present century. His school-days over, he was
apprenticed to Frothingham & Loring, of Salem, who
were then celebrated chaise-builders, and some years
afterward he was induced by Mr. Lewis Downing, Sr.,
to accompany him to Concord, N. H., to aid in the
introduction and manufacture of the now famous
Concord stage-coach. It was here that he built the
first coach-bodies which were ever constructed in the
State of New Hampshire.

In 1828 he became associated with Mr. Downing as
a partner in the firm of Downing & Abbot. Together
they planted, with skillful hands, that tree which has

;^^^^

CONCORD.

143

taken such deep root in the soil that, to-day, hundreds
of industrious families find sustenance and shelter
under its vigorous branches.

Many an old man in New England and the Canadas
can well remember the first yellow, oval-shaped. Con-
cord stage-coach which came rattling into his native
village, creating more excitement than the train of
railroad cars does now, rushing into the depot with
its ponderous engine. A description of the running
part of the Concord stage-coach would be superfluous,
because the saying has become proverbial that " the
Concord running parts do their own talking." The
superiority in the running parts was a peculiarity in
the Concord stage-coach that called for the exercise
of the utmost intelligence, combined with no small
degree of practical and scientific knowledge. The
same admirable qualifications were displayed by Mr.
Abbot in the construction of those old-fashioned om-
nibuses then in vogue.

For several years the business continued to enlarge
and prosper, until, in 1847, Mr. Downing retired from
the firm, leaving Mr. Abbot to carry on the business
in his own name, and in 1852 he took his son, E. A.,
into partnership, under the firm-name of J. S. & E.
A. Abbot, who brought out the justly-celebrated
American ambulances, Avhich rendered such priceless
service in our Civil War and also in the conflict be-
tween France and Prussia. So greatly were they
appreciated by the French nation that the provisional
government decorated with the Cross of the Legion
of Honor three enterprising Americans who intro-
duced these humane accompaniments of war into
France.

It is thus that at all times, especially when great
emergencies arise, the genius of New England in the
mechanic arts finds so vast a field of usefulness at
home and abroad.

In 1865 the firm-name was changed to that of
Abbot, Downing & Co., by the introduction of Lewis
Downing, Jr., the son of Mr. Abbot's old partner.
The new firm turned their attention to the manufac-
ture of the celebrated Concord wagons, which manu-
facture soon became remarkably successful. There
are very few on this continent who do not know what
is meant by the expression " a Concord express-
wagon." Besides the various specialties of their
own invention here manufactured, they built for tlie
New York Transfer Company fifty of Dodd's "Patent
Crystals " for use in New York City.

The whole establishment is so admirably arranged
that the extensive business at Concord contributes
simultaneously to the prosperity of the firm and the
general comfort and happiness of the employes and
their families. Indeed, Mr. Abbot wiis remarkably
successful, not only in commanding their respect, but
in gaining their afi'ectionate good-will. Possessing a
fine figure, a noble presence and a countenance at
once beautiful and beaming with goodness and benev-
olence, they regarded him as a friend a benefactor,

rather than as an employer, in the ordinary accepta-
tion of the word.

If proof of this were called for, we have it in the
fact that no such thing as a strike was ever heard of
in the factory at Concord, and whenever difficulties
occurred among the workmen his word and look were
sufficient to remove them, while his friendly counsel
rarely, if ever, failed to eftect the object for which it
wasgiven. He was, essentially, "a master-workman,"
being thoroughly conversant with every branch of
the manufacture and every detail of the business.

Often have the hands been astonished to note with
what judgment and skill he could walk into the forest,
and at a glance, as if indued with intuitive perception,
select and blaze the trees which were best adapted for
his purpose.

In all the relations of life the deceased was con-
fided in and beloved, while a word of praise from his
lips exercised the same magic power in his home
circle as in the work-shop.

He attended the Episcopalian Church and adorned
its doctrines in all things, and was more a Christian,
and less a sectarian, than many who make a louder
profession of religion. In politics he was "an Old-
Line Whig," one of the Daniel Webster school. He
enjoyed the intimate friendship of some of the best
and foremost statesmen in bis adopted State; was a
warm, personal friend of the late ex-President
Franklin Pierce, and a member of the old Salem
Cadets, at whose reunion, in 1870, he was present
contributing to the general enjoyment on that happy
occasion. With the ample means at his disposal, he
was never backward in promoting, as fitting occasion
presented, the welfare of his relatives and friends.
He had never known sickness until the illness over-
took him which, in three short weeks, terminated his
earthly career, March 16, 1871, in the sixty-eighth
year of his useful and honorable life.

It is pleasing to know that he bore his sufferings
with Christian patience and with manly fortitude.

When the spirit left its tenement of clay to return
to the God who gave it, the clock had just struck the
hour of six, and as the signal of work was sounded
for others he received the summons to rest forever
from his labors. But no sooner had the tidings of his
departure reached the factory than the implements of
labor fell from every hand, every arm was relaxed,
every heart was saddened and every eye was dimmed,
while the widowed wife and mother, with her sorrow-
ing children, relatives and friends, felt that a cloud
had overshadowed their happiness. The cloud, how-
ever, was not without its silver lining, for was there
not something of the chastened "joy of grief" in
the thought that the loss thus mourned by the living
was the great and eternal gain of the dead ? How
truly doth the good Book say : "The memory of the
just is blessed ! "

December 15, 1829, Mr. Abbot married Grace,
daughter of Sherburne and Margaret (Sargent)

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Wiggin, who was born October 6, 1806, and still sur-
vives. Their family consisted of five children, viz. :
Edward Augustus, Margaret Ann, Joseph Henry,
Francis Lewis and Mary.

JOHN KIMBALL.'

An honorable ancestry is a source of gratification,
if not of merit, and Irom it noble traits of character
are undoubtedly often inherited. It is therefore to
be noted in considering biography.

1. Richard and Ursula Kimball, with seven chil-
dren, came from l2)swich, England, April 10, 1634
(O. S.), and settled in Watertown, but in 1637 moved
to Ipswich, Mass. He died June 22, 1675, having
had eleven children. From this Puritan fiimily have
sprung most of the Kimballs of New England.

2. Their son, Richard, was born in England in
1623 ; settled in Wenham, Mass., as early as 1656 ;
married Mary Gott, had eight children, and died May
26, 1676.

3. His son, Caleb, was born in Wenham April 9,
1665. He was of Exeter, N. H., having moved there

from Wenham. He married Sarah , had eight

children, and died in Wenham January 20, 1731-32.

4. His son, John, was born in Wenham December
20, 1699 ; settled in Exeter, and married Abigail
Lyford, February 14, 1722-23, who was the mother of
six children, and died in Exeter February 12,
1737-38. He married Sarah Wilson, of Exeter, Sep-
tember 18, 1740, who had nine children.

5. His son by his first marriage, Joseph, was born
in Exeter January 29, 1730-31. After an early mar-
riage, the wife and two children of which died, he
married Sarah Smith, who gave birth to nine children,
and died March 1, 1808, and he died November 6,
1814. He had moved to Canterbury as early as 1788,
and settled on a farm just north of the Shakers. He
had the misfortune to lose his eyesight before he left
Exeter ; consequently he never looked on the town of
Canterbury, where he resided twenty-six years, and
six of his children were born after he became bUnd.

6. His son, John, was born in Exeter November 20,
1767 ; married Sarah, daughter of Benjamin Moulton,
of Kensington, November 21, 1793 ; moved to Canter-
bury February 14, 1794, and settled on their home-
stead, north of Shaker village, where they resided
nearly sixty years, having nine children, the wife
dying April 30, 1853, and he February 26, 1861, at
the age of ninety-three years, three months and six
days. To farming he added the business of a wheel-
wright and manufacturer of agricultural implements,
and occasionally that of a builder.

7. His son, Benjamin, was born in Canterbury De-
cember 27, 1794; married Ruth, daughter of David
Ames, February 1, 1820. After continuing two years
with his father on the farm, and two years on a farm

IByWillianiE. Chandler.

in Northfield, he settled in Boscawen in the spring of
1824, on the farm known as the Frost place, on High
Street ; but in November, 1830, having purchased of
Hon. Jeremiah Mason, of Portsmouth, attorney for
the United States Bank, its land and water-power at
the south part of the town (now Penacook), he moved
there, and resided in the house he had bought, situ-
ated next east of the hotel, where he died July 21,
1834. Although dying at the age of forty, he had
become an active and influential business man. In
1831 he erected the dam across the Contoocook River,
and the brick grist-mill .standing near the stone fac-
tory. He also engaged in manufacturing lumber.
He took an active part in all that was essential to
the general and religious welfare of the town, and
was elected to the Legislature in the March preceding
his death.

Ruth Ames was the ninth of the ten children of
David Ames and Phebe, daughter of Thomas Hoyt, who
died in 1777, in the War of the Revolution. David,
born May 27, 1749, was one of four children of
Samuel Ames, one of the first settlers of Canterbury,
who was born February 13, 172.3-24, and died January
16, 1803. Ruth Ames was born in Canterbury July
29, 1797, and died in Concord October 22, 1874. She
was a fine type of the strong but liberal New England
woman.

John Kimball, son of Benjamin Kimball and Ruth
Ames, was born in Canterbury April 13, 1821. When
he was thirteen years of age his father died, leaving,
also, a daughter (Elizabeth) nine years old, and an-
other son (Benjamin A.) less than a year old. The
widowed mother had already buried two children in
infancy, and six years later lost the daughter; but
she lived forty years longer, and enjoyed the highest
felicity of a mother, seeing her two stalwart sons grow
prosperously to man's estate, achieving riches and
honors, unblemished in life and character. The
early home duties and experiences of the elder son
naturally aroused in him tender devotion to a mother
and brother so dependent upon him, animated him to
earnest and persistent eflbrt, developed in him strong
self-reliance, and laid broad and deep the foundations
of those qualities of heart and mind which now dis-
tinguish him.

He attended the town schools of Boscawen, and
during the year 1837 the Concord Academy. In 1838
he was apprenticed as a machinist to William Moody
Kimball, his father's cousin, then engaged in con-
structing mills and machinery at Boscawen, and in
four years he mastered his trade. His first work after
coming of age was, in 1842, to rebuild the grist-mills
in the valley near the north end of Boscawen Plain,
which are still in use, and he worked at his trade in
Suucook, Manchester, Lowell and Lawrence.

In 1848 he took charge of the new machine and
car-shops of the Concord Railroad, then building at
Concord, and in 1850 became master mechanic of that
corporation, continuing in the position until 1858.

'^J^X^lJ.

CONCORD.

Twenty years of unremitting work in mechanical
tonstruetion had brought him to the summit of his
vocation, possessing thorough, practical skill, having
acquired an unusual share of common sense in human
adairs, and with habits of industry, temperance and
self-reliance, sure to give him a fair measure of suc-
cess in any new calling which he might choose.
Henceforth his life's work was to be in different
fields. His neighbors and friends had discovered his
integrity and capacity, and they commenced to utilize
them in public employment.

In 1856, Mr. Kimball had been elected a member of
the Common Council of the city of Concord, and re-
elected in 1857, and chosen president of the Council.
In 1858 he was elected to the State Legislature, was
re-elected in 1859, and served as chairman of the
committee on the State Prison. In 1859 he relin-
quished other employment to serve as city marshal of
Concord and collector of taxes, from which office he
was, in 1862, appointed by President Lincoln to the
post of collector of internal revenue for the Second
District of New Hampshire, consisting of the counties
of Merrimack and Hillsborough, and served until he
resigned, in 1869. His collections, which included
the tax on manufactures from the mills of Man-
chester, were very heavy for a country district, and
amounted in the seven years to nearly seven millions
of dollars. No revenue district in the country estab-
lished a better reputation. His methods of collection,
while thorough, were quiet, and gave no offense, and
liis administration was in all respects faultless. In
the office of the commissioner of internal revenue, at
Washington, his record has always been referred to
as one of the very highest.

In 1870, Mr. Kimball was elected treasurer of the
Merrimack County Savings-Bank, then first organized.
He has held the office ever since, and now conducts
its business, for which he has been largely respon-
sible, the bank being a profitable and successful in-
stitution.

Mr. Kimball was elected mayor of the city of Con-
cord in 1872, and re-elected in 1873, 1874 and 1875.
The duties of this honorable, responsible, but per-
plexing office he discharged with zeal and firmness,
and to the satisfaction of the citizens. It fell to his
lot to construct an unusual number of public works,
which will long endure to testify to his capacity and
fidelity. A freshet having carried away or rendered
impassable five of the seven wooden bridges spanning
the Merrimack and Contoocook Rivers, the work of
rebuilding devolved on him as the superintendent of
roads and bridges. The new structures are of the
most substantial character, — two, the Federal Bridge
and that at Penacook, being of iron, of modern de-
sign. The central fire station, built by him, is also
an edifice attractive as well as commodious and con-
venient. Complaints of the cost of Mr. Kimball's
constructions as mayor have long since ceased, in
view of the universally admitted integrity of all ex-

penditures upon them, and their solidity and per-
manency, as well as of the credit which they have
brought to our beautiful city. During his .adminis-
tration the Long Pond water-works were constructed,
bringing to the centre of Concord a copious sui)i)ly of
the purest water, at a cost of four hundred and
twenty-five thousand dollars, economically and skill-
fully expended. He became ex-officio one of the water
commissioners, and in 1878 president of the board, in
which position he has ever since been kept. Blossom
Hill Cemetery was doubled in size, the streets of the
city were improved in accordance with modern re-
quirements, the system of sewerage was enlarged, new
and attractive school-houses were constructed, and,
without any discredit to other mayors, it may be
claimed that it happened to him to render more im-
portant and lasting service than any other official
from the adoption of the city charter, in 1853, to the
present time. For his success he must have been
largely indebted to the skill acquired during his long
and laborious experience in the practical business of
his youth and early manhood.

In 1877, unexpectedly, and without solicitation or
suggestion from any one. Governor Benjamin F.
Prescott and his Council appointed Mr. Kimball as
chairman of the board of commissioners to build
the new State Prison at Concord, with Messrs. Albert
M. Shaw aud Alpha J. Pillsbury as his associates.
In 1880 the edifice was completed within the limits
of the moderate appropriation of two hundred and
thirty-five thousand dollars, a model in its design and
construction, remarkable for the honesty and cheap-
ness which had characterized the establishment of a
penitentiary superior, all things considered, to any
prison of other States. No more than just praise was
uttered concerning the chairman of the commission,
on the ceremony at the opening of the prison, by the
speaker of the occasion, one of Concord's most de-
voted and public-spirited sons. Colonel John H.
George, who said, —

"It is a matter of further and warm congratulation that its erection
has been intrusted to a competent commisBion ; that good judgment
and intelligent investigation have cliaracterized the plan ; that no cor-
rupt jobbery has polluted its constnirtinn ; and that for every dollar
expended a fair and honest result li.i- Ihi. -M.iiiii.I And in this con-
nection it is but just to siiy that tii' . I i I ,] I . of the chairman
oftheboardespeoiallyshouldm.lv \ ' linn. To the suc-
cessful performance of the duties .1 hi- ..ih. . In hmuglit unusual
mechanical skill, and large exprieute in the construction of public

Repeated nominations and elections of any citi-
zen by his friends and neighbors to local offices, not
in any way improperly procured, but conferred solely
from popular esteem and desire, must be taken to
indicate ability and true excellence. Mr. Kimball
not only held the elective offices already mentioned,
but was, by the most intelligent local constituency in
the State, that of Ward 5, Concord, for eleven suc-
cessive yeare, from 1861, elected moderator of their
meetings, and was elected a member of the Consti-
tutional Convention of 1876, in which he was chair-

146

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

man of the committee on finance. He was, in
November, 1880, chosen State Senator by the larger
constituency comprised within the principal wards in
Concord ; and at the meeting of the Legislature, in
June, 1881, he was, by general consent of his party
associates, selected for president of the Senate, in
rank the second officer in the State. The duties of
this high position he performed creditably, with cour-
tesy and dignity, and to the satisfaction of his
fellow-members, as indicated by their unanimous
resolution and their speeches of approval of the 18th
of August, which were accompanied by an appropri-
ate testimonial of their good-will.

Additional trusts reposed in him have been the
presidency of the Concord Gas-Light Company ; his
appointment, by Mr. Chief Justice Doe, as one of
the trustees of the Manchester and Keene Railroad ;
the treasurerships of the New Hampshire Bible So-
ciety and the Orphans' Home ; the settlement and
management of many estates of persons deceased, and
of beneficiaries of all kinds, the amounts now in his
care reaching several hundred thousand dollars. The
trusted citizen, banker and friend, to whom is so
freely committed the property of widows and orphans,
can possess no higher evidence of integrity and worth.
In person, Mr. Kimball is tall, erect and of com-
manding presence, well preserved at the age of six-
ty-four, in perfect health, and with good prospects for
longevity. His modes of life are regular, and he is
a total abstainer, through conviction and habit.
While firm and decided in his views, he is genial
and courteous in personal intercourse. His mind has
been well cultivated. He is a careful reader, with an
inclination for genealogical and historical research,
and he writes and speaks with precision and effect.
He is faithful in every relation of life, public and
domestic, and is valued and beloved by his neighbors
and friends.

In 1843 he joined the Congregational Church in
Boscawen, has continued his connection with that de-
nomination and is now a member of the South
Congregational Church in Concord. He is free from
bigotry, pretense and intolerance, is a just and good
man, serving his God faithfully according to the light
he possesses, performing his every duty and bearing
his every burden without complaint.

In politics, Mr. Kimball has had no violent changes
to make. Acquiring Whig principles from his
father and grandfather, the latter being a great ad-
mirer of Governor John Taylor Gilman, he became
a Republican in 1856, and has always been an active,
trusted and honored member of his party, serving
since 1863, twenty years, as treasurer of the Repub-
lican State Committee.

May 27, 1846, at the age of twenty-five, Mr. Kim-
ball married Maria H. Phillips, of Rupert, Vt. Their
only child, Clara Maria, born March 20, 1848, mar-
ried, June 4, 1873, Mr. Augustine R. Ayers, a suc-
cessful merchant in Concord. Six children— Ruth

Ames, John Kimball, Helen McGregor, Joseph Sher-
burne, Josiah Philips and Augustine Haines — have
been born to them. All are now living except
Joseph Sherburne and Josiah Phillips.

Mr. Kimball has lived during an eventful period
in the history of his country and the world, and has
seen wonderful changes in human afliiirs. Commenc-
ing life during thefirst quarter of the century, he has
already almost reached the middle of the last quarter
and may hope to survive to its end. He began in
the poor and primitive days of the republic ; he now
sees it abounding in wealth and the means of luxuri-
ous living. Marvelous progress has been made
under his eyes in all forms of human knowledge
and in all departments of human endeavor. When,
in 1834, he and his widowed mother took counsel
together how to meet the necessities of life for them-
selves and the dependent sister and brother, they
saw no telegraphs, railroads, steamships nor power
printing-presses. Before that mother died, in 1874,
these four wonderful inventions alone had revo-
lutionized all civilized life. Progress in human-
ity has been no less striking. As late, even, as 1852
the public conscience was proved to be dead concern-
ing American chattel slavery, which was a most foul
stain on the nation's honor, whose extinction almost
no man dared predict or hope for ; but another decade
saw slavery annihilated, and freedom universal in
America. Fortunately, Mr. Kimball has had nothing
to unlearn or retract of opinions on slavery. He has
witnessed and participated in the whole anti-slavery
struggle, and now, in the fulness of his manhood,
rejoices that he can enjoy the worldly prosperity
with which he has been blessed, as the citizen of a
nation exalted by righteousness and sustained and
guided by the highest national honor.

BENJAMIN A. KIMBALL.

The subject of this sketch received his preparatory
education at the High School in Concord, and sub-
sequently at a school in Derry under the special in-
structions of Prof Hildreth (who at that time was
regarded as one of the ablest teachers in the State).
He entered the Chandler Scientific Department of
Dartmouth College at the opening of that department
of the college, in 1851, to fit himself for his chosen
profession of mechanical engineer. He acquitted
himself with credit in all the branches prescribed in
the course of study, and was especially excellent in
mathematics and draughting. His class was small,
but it was composed of men who entered college with
the purpose of making the most of themselves, and
they worked with a will. He graduated with honor,
July 27, 1854, receiving the degree of Bachelor of
Science.

An incident, known to but few now living, occurred
at the time of his graduation which revealed the
spirit and purpose of his class.

^^/.^^-^^^^^^

CONCORD.

147

Considering the smallness of the number that was
to graduate, the trustees thought the department
could not well afford to have a steel plate engraved
for the diploma at that time. From this decision the
class appealed through its principal instructor, — then,
as always, a firm friend of the department, — John S.
^Voodnlan, to the board of visitors, John A. Dixwell
•And Francis B. Hayes. The visitors saw at once that
the class, having completed the prescribed course,
could demand all they claimed, and that to withhold
it might injure the department, and they said to Prof.
Woodman : " This department shall not be behind
other dei)artments of the college in honoring its
graduates."

The diplomas were consequently ordered :uid ex-
ecuted with a pen on ]i;iriliinent by X. D. ( iould, of
Harvard College, and were fine siicciinciis of artistic
penmanship and faithful testimonials of the justice
then secured and since maintained for the Chandler
Department by the board of visitors.

August 1, 1854, Mr. Kimball entered the employ of
the Concord Railroad as draughtsman and machinist,
and was promoted, April 1, 1850, to be foreman of
the locomotive department. January 1, 1858, he suc-
ceeded his brother as master-mechanic at the age of
twenty-six years. A suggestion was made to the
directors as to the propriety of appointing him, on
account of his age and limited practical experience,
to an office involving responsibilities so important,
but from their knowledge of him in his previous em-
ployment by the company they did not hesitate to
make it, and by his untiring energy and application
he soon proved his fitness for the position and con-
tinued successfully to occupy it until April 1, 1865,
when he resigned. At this time he became a member
of the firm of Ford & Kimball, manufacturers of car-
wheels, etc., which business is still successfully car-
ried on by them. In 1870 he was elected a member
of the House of Representatives from Ward G, Con-
cord, but declined a re-election in 1871.

He was a member of a special committee appointed
by the City Council of Concord, in 1871, to procure
plans and specifications for an aqueduct to bring a
supply of water from Long Pond, and, in January
following, was appointed a member of the Board of
Water Commissioners to consti-uct the works sub-
stantially upon the plan and under the ordinance
submitted by said committee. He continued an ac-
tive member of the board for six years and was its
|)resident for three years. In 187G he was elected a
member of the Constitutional Convention to revise
the Constitution of the State, and proved an efficient
and valuable member of that assembly.

He has been connected with the banking interests ot
the city for mauy years. He was trustee and president
of the Concord Savings-Bank until compelled to
resign by ill health, and is a trustee of the Merrimack
County Savings-Bank at this time. He has been a
director in the Mechauics' National Bank from its

organization, and is now its president. January 11,
1879, he was elected to fill the vacancy in the board
of directors of the Concord Railroad caused by the
death of Hon. Onslow Stearns, and has since been
closely connected with its system of roads. In No-
vember, 1884, he was chosen councilor for the Second
District and accepted the office June 4, 1885.

This is the brief, but honorable record of one whose
life has been devoted to industries and enterprises
which are the source of general prosperity. He has
not coveted official stations, but, quietly mastering
the iirinciples and details of his business, has ad-
vanced by the force of personal merit to stations of
large public responsibility, and has always proved
equal to the demands which have been made upon
him. His mind naturally and easily grasps the
reasons of things, and hence he is thoroughly practical
in his work and affairs. He is a good example of
that honorable and valuable class of our citizens
whose natural abilities, cultivated and improved by
study and practical experience, make them successful
in business for themselves and influential and useful
members of society in the communities in which they
live.

In an age distinguished for mechanical skill and
the application of force to the development of material
resources, men of the quality of Mr. Kimball are
indispensable and appreciated. Metaphysicians and
theorists are relegated to seclusion, and practical
thinkers and doers are advanced to leadership. The
right of the subject of this sketch to a foremost place
in this class has been clearly recognized and his place
assigned at the front in the line of social progress.
The people have learned that he is not one

" To cozen fortune,
And be honorable without the Btamp of merit."

HON. GEORGE A. PILLSBUEY.'

The prosperity of the great West, a subject almost
too vast for comprehension, certainly too extensive
to be treated of in these pages, is one in which all
sections of the country must, necessarily, be deeply
concerned. Particularly is the proposition true as re-
gards New England, for there are binding ties of
relationship and identities of interest that render
separation or indifference upon the part of the latter
impossible. New England has claimed, justly, it is
conceded, to have contributed very largely in men and
money to build up the West to its present flourishing
condition, but certainly no State has done more, jiro-
portionately, towards accomplishing this end than
New Hampshire. National or sectional prosiierity is
as much due to the energy and enterprise of men as
to capital, and to-day, there is not a State in the wide
West that does not show the fruits of the pluck and

1 By Allan

148

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

perseverance of New Hampshire men. A glorious
inheritance was the energy, industry and self-reli-
ance which seem to have been transmitted from the
settlers of the Granite State to their descendants ;
for it is to these traits of character that the State
owes the credit reflected upon her by the success of
her sons. Well may the State regard with pride the
roll of names that have achieved distinction abroad,
for it is as bright as a constellation, and, as a New
Hampshire statesman and scholar recently said, " as
long as the milky way." Not alone in literature,
the professions and politics, but in industrial pursuits,
and, in fact, all the walks in life, have they become
distinguished. Hardly a village in the common-
wealth but boasts of some representative abroad who
has won honor and distinction. High in the list of
honored names, in this and other States, is that of
Pillsbury, and iu the subjoined it is attempted to
sketch, briefly, the life of a member of this family,
who recently left New Hampshire to make his home
in Minnesota. Brief and unsatisfactory, in point of
detail, as it is rendered by limited space, the writer
feels assured that the facts will be read with interest
by the many friends of the gentleman mentioned.

The branch of the family to which this sketch
directly relates has been traced back to William
Pillsbury (sometimes spelled Pillsberry and Pills-
borough), who was born in the county of Essex,
in England, in 1615. He came to Dorchester,
in the colony of Massachusetts Bay, in 1640, where
he married Dorothy Crosby. In 1651 he settled on a
farm in Newbury, Mass. (now a part of Newburyport).
The same property has remained in possession of the
Pillsbury family from 1651 to the present time. In
England the coat-of-arms of the Pillsbury family
is described in heraldic terras thus : "Perfesse sable
and azure on an eagle displayed argent ; three griffins'
heads erased of the second." Crest, an esquire's hel-
met ; motto : "Labor Omnia Vincit. " William Pills-
bury died at Newbury, June 19, 1686, leaving ten
children, — seven sous and three daughters. Moses
Pillsbury, second son of William and Dorothy (Crosby)
Pillsbury, was born in Dorchester, Ma.ss., and in 1668
married Mrs. Susanna Whipple, of Newbury. To
them was born six children. Caleb, second son of
Moses and Susanna, was born in Newbury in 1681,
and married Sarah (Morss), in 1703. Caleb, son of
Caleb and Sarah (Morss) Pillsbury, was born in New-
bury, January 26, 1717; he married Sarah Kimball,
of Amesbury, Mass., July, 1742 ; to them were born
seven children. Caleb Pillsbury, Jr., was, for several
years, and at the time of his death, a member of the
Massachusetts General Court. Micajah, fourth son
of Caleb, Jr., and Sarah Kimball, was born in Ames-
bury, Mass., May 22, 1761, and in 1781 married
Sarah Sargent, of Amesbury. Sarah Sargent was
born in 1763. To them were born eight children, —
four sons and four daughters. Micajah Pillsbury and
family moved from Amesbury, Mass., to Sutton, N. H.,

in February, 1795, where he remained until his death,
in 1802, occupying various offices of town trust. His
wife survived him several years. Stephen, the oldest
son, was a Baptist clergyman ; the other brothers, in-
cluding John, the father of the subject of this sketch,
were all magistrates of the town of Sutton, N. H.

John Pillsbury, who died in Sutton in 1856, aged
sixty-seven years, was a prominent man in that town,
having held the office of representative and select-
man, and filled other positions, always acceptably.
He held a captain's commission in the militia, and
was known as Captain Pillsbury. On the 2d of April,
1811, he married Susan, youngest daughter of Ben-
jamin Wadleigh, of Sutton, who settled in that town
in 1771. She was born March 23, 1793, and died in
1877, at the age of eighty-four years. She was a de-
scendant of Captain Thomas Wadleigh, of Exeter, a
son of Robert Wadleigh, of the same place, who was a
member of the Provincial Legislature of Massachu-
setts.

The maternal grandmother of the Pillsburys was
a daughter of Ebenezer Kezar, whose father hid the
girl he afterwards married under a pile of boards at the
time of Mi-s. Duston's capture in Haverhill, Mass., in
1697. Ebenezar Kezar, the great-grandfather, lived
in Rowley, Mass., in 1752, where he was a black-
smith, shoemaker, tavern-keeper, wig-maker and
dealer in earthenware and other merchandise. The
old wig-box and implements, which have been in
disuse for more than a century, are now in the town.
Ebenezer is said to have been a relative of " Cobler
Keyser," referred to in one of Whittier's poems as
possessing the " magic stone." He was of German
origin, probably. In Harriman's "History of Warner,"
Mr. Kezar is spoken of as being moderator of a
meeting held in that town, in 1778, for the choice of
representatives from the classed towns of Fishers-
rield, Perrystown, New Britain and AVarner. He
called the first meeting of Sutton, after its incorpora-
tion, in 1784, and presided over it. He went to Sut-
ton in 1772, and worked as blacksmith, shoemaker,
farmer and trapper. The first bridge in Sutton of
which there is any record was built by him. His
descendants, who are numerous there and elsewhere,
own most of the pond in the town mentioned, which
bears his name, and nearly a thousand acres of land
in its vicinity, extending to and embracing the upper
falls and mills above Mill village.

Both John and Sarah Pillsbury were professors of
religion, and lived exemplary lives. They had four
sons and one daughter, — viz. : Simon Wadleigh Pills-
bury, born at Sutton, June 22, 1812 ; George Alfred,
born at Sutton, August 29, 1816 ; Dolly W., born at
Sutton, September 6, 1818 ; John Sargent, born at
Sutton, July 29, 1827; Benjamin Franklin, born at
Sutton, March 29, 1831.

All the brothers had a good common-school educa-
tion. Simon W., the oldest, was a remarkable young
mail, Ixitli iiliysically and mentally. He was a supe-

CONCOKD.

149

rior scholar, being considered one of the best mathe-
maticians in the State at the time of his death, which
occurred in January, 1836, and which was superin-
duced by close application to study. When attacked
by the sickness that caused his death, he was pre-
pared to enter college two years in advance. He
gave the first public lecture on temperance in au old
school-house in Sutton, it being considered, fifty
years ago, sacrilegious to use the meeting-house for
such a purpose. His success was most marked, for
nearly every sober man was ready to sign the pledge.

At the age of sixteen, John Sargent Pillsbury went
to Warner as a clerk for his brother, George Alfred,
who was then engaged in business in that place. He
remained there till about the year 1848, when he en-
tered into a business partnership with Hon. Walter
Harriman in the same town. He was subsequently
in trade at East Andover and Concord. In the year
1854 he visited the West, spending nearly a year in
Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin and Minnesota. He
finally established his home at the Falls of St. An-
thony, and at once went into the hardware trade, and
by his energy aud honorable dealing he succeeded
in building up the largest hardware trade in the
State. He took an active interest in the prosperity
of the then Territory of Minnesota and the city
of his adoption. From 1863 to 1875 he served as
Senator from his district, notwithstanding the fact
that the politics of a nia,jority of the district did not
accord with his. In 1875 he was elected Governor
of the State, wa.s re-elected in 1877 aud again in 1879.

The elections in Minnesota occur biennially, and
this is the only instance in which a person has been
elected to the office of Governor for a third term.

Dolly W. Pillsbury married Enoch P. Cummings,
and their son, Charles P. Cummings, was recently
sergeant-at-arms of the New Hampshire House of
Representatives.

Benjamin F. Pillsbury remained in his native town
till 1878, when he removed to Granite Falls, Minn.,
where he isconducting an extensive business in build-
ing and dealing in real estate and lumber.

During his residence in Sutton he filled many
offices of trust and responsibility. He was select-
man and town treasurer quite frequently, and in 1877-
78 he was a Representative to the General Court.
He has always been an active business man, and is
a highly- respected citizen in his adopted home.

The subject of this sketch, George Alfred Pills-
bury, a son of John and Susan (Wadleigh) Pillsbuiy,
was born in Sutton, Merrimack County, N. H., on
the 29th of August, 1816. He received a thorough
common-school education in his native town, and be-
ing of an active temperament, raanife.sted a desire to
enter business at an early age. Accordingly, at the
age of eighteen years, he went to Boston and ob-
tained employment as a clerk with Job Davis, who
was doing business at that time as a grocer and fruit-
dealer under the Bovlston Market. He remained

in Boston but little more than a year, when he re-
turned to Sutton, and engaged in the manufacture of
stoves and sheet-ironware in company with his cousin,
John C. Pillsbury. He continued there for a few
years, doing an extensive business.

On the 1st of February, 1840, Mr. Pillsbury went
to Warner as a clerk in the store of Jolin H. Pear-
son, in which capacity he served till July of the same
year, when he purchased the business ; and from that
time, through nearly eight years, he was actively en-
gaged, eitheronhisownaccountor in partnership with
others. His partners during this time were Henry
Woodman and H. D. Robertson.

In the spring of 1848 he went into a wholesale
dry-goods house in Boston, and in 1849, having leased
the store of Ira Harvey, in Warner, and bought his
stock of goods, he returned to that town and engaged
in business, where he remained till the spring of
1851, when he sold back his interest to Mr. Harvey,
and went out of mercantile business entirely.

In 1844 he was appointed postmaster at Warner,
and held the office till 1849, there being at that time
but one office in the town. In 1847 he served the
town as selectman, in 1849 as selectman and town
trea.surer, and in the years 1850 and 1851 he was
elected Representative to the General Court.

During the session of 1851 Merrimack County de-
cided to build a new jail at Concord, the old one at
Hopkinton having become dilapidated and unfit for
use. The convention appointed Mr. Pillsbury chair-
man of a committee with full authority to purchase
lands, perfect plans and erect the building. The
site selected by the committee was that occupied by
the jail in present use. This lot contained ten acres.
The general superintendence is given to Mr. Pills-
bury by the other members of the commitee, and he
devoted his whole time to the work, which was not
completed till the spring of 1852. At the time of
its erection it was considered one of the best build-
ings of the kind in the State, and the thoroughness
of its construction is shown by the fact that now,
after twenty-eight years of service, it will compare
very favorably with other like institutions.

In November, 1851, Mr. Pillsbury received from
the Concord Railroad corporation an appointment as
purchasing agent for the road, and entered upon the
duties of the position in December of the same year,
having, meantime, moved his family to Concord.
He occupied this position continuously until July,
1875, a period of nearly twenty-four years. During
his administration of the office, which was always
most satisfactory, his purchases amounted to more
than three millionsof dollars, and hesettled more cases
of claims against the road for personal injury, result-
ing from accident and fire, than all other officers
combined. In all his long terra of office his relations
with the officers of the road were of the most agree-
able character ; no fault was ever found or com-
plaint made of his transactions by the management.

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COTINTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

During a residence of nearly twenty-seven years in
Concord Mr. Pillsbury was called upon to fill many
important positions of honor and trust, and he did
much toward building up and beautifying the city.
He was one of the committee appointed by Union
School District to build the High School building and
several other school buildings that now stand monu-
ments of credit to the enterprise of our people. He
was interested in the erection of several of the hand-
some business blocks upon Main Street, and several
fine residences in the city were built by him.

In 1864, Mr. Pillsbury, with others, organized and
put into operation the First National Bank of Con-
cord. He was elected a member of the first board
of directors, and in 1866 became its president, and
continued in that ofiice until his departure from the
State. He was also instrumental, more than any
other person, in securing the charter and getting
into operation the National Savings-Bank, in
1867. He was the first president of this institution and
held the position till 1874, when he resigned. Dur-
ing his connection with the First National Bank that
institution became, in proportion to its capital stock,
the strongest of any bank in the State, and its stand-
ing is equally good to-day. Up to December, 1873,
when the treasurer was discovered to be a defaulter
to a large amount, the National Savings-Bank was
one of the most prosperous institutions of its kind
in the State; but the defalcation, coupled with a
general crash in business, necessitated its closing up.
During the first year of its existence it received on
deposit nearly seven hundred thousand dollars, and
at the time of the defalcation of its treasurer it had
nearly one million six hundred thousand dollars
on deposit; its total deposits during the first five
years of its existence, up to the time mentioned,
amounted to more than three millions of dollars.
The bank eventually paid a large percentage of its
indebtedness.

While a resident of Concord, Mr. Pillsbury was
identified with most of the benevolent and charitable
institutions of the day, and he was always ready to
assist, by his advice and contributions, all organiza-
tions that had for their object the relief of the unfor-
tunate and suffering. He was ever a liberal supporter
of all moral and religious enterprises.

To his generosity is the city of Concord indebted
for the fine bell which hangs in the tower of the
Board of Trade building, and for this donation he
was the recipient of a vote of thanks from the City
Council.

The large, handsome organ in the First Baptist
Church wiis a gift from Mr. Pillsbury and his son,
Charles A., both gentlemen being at the time mem-
bers of that church.

He was actively engaged in instituting the Cen-
tennial Home for the Aged, in Concord, made large
contributions to aid in putting it into operation and
was a member of the board of its trustees. He also

contributed largely to the Orphans' Home, in Frank-
lin, and was one of its trustees from the time of its
establishment till he left the State. Mr. Pillsbury
was, for several years, a member of the City Council
of Concord ; was elected mayor in 1876, and re-
elected the following year. During the years 1871-
72 he represented Ward Five in the Legislature, and in
the latter year was made chairman of the special
committee on the apportionment of public taxes.

In 1876 the Concord City Council appointed him
chairman of a committee of three, to appraise all of
the real estate in the city for the purposes of taxation,
and in the discharge of the duties thus devolving
upon him he personally visited every residence with-
in the limits of the city. The position is a very
responsible one, requiring the exercise of sound
judgment and great patience, and the report of the
committee gave very general satisfaction.

In the spring of 1878 he determined to leave Con-
cord and take up his residence in Minneapolis,
Minn., where, with his two sons and brother, he was
extensively engaged in the manufacture of flour.
Probably no person ever left the city who received
so many expressions of regret as Mr. Pillsbury.
Complimentary resolutions were unanimously passed
by both branches of the city government and by the
First National Bank, the latter testifying strongly to
his integrity, honesty and superior business qualities.
Resolutions passed by the First Baptist Church and
Society were ordered to be entered upon the records
of each organization. The Webster Club, composed
of fifty prominent business men of Concord, passed a
series of resolutions regretting his departure from
the State. A similar testimonial was also presented
to Mr. Pillsbury, which was subscribed to by more
than three hundred of the leading professional and
business men of the city, among whom were all the ex-
mayoi-s then living, all the clergymen, all the members
of both branches of the city government, all of the
bank presidents and ofiicers, twenty-six lawyers,
twenty physicians and nearly all the business men in
the city. On the eve of their departure Mr. and
Mrs. Pillsbury were presented with au elegant bronze
statuette of Mozart. Such tributes, however worthily
bestowed, could but aftbrd great gratification to the
recipient, showing as they did the great esteem in
which he was held by his fellow-citizens.

Mr. Pillsbury is now very pleasantly located in the
beautiful city of Minneapolis, having built one of
the most elegant residences in the city, and during
the short time that he has been there he has fre-
quently been called upon to fill places of honor and
trust.

Mr. Pillsbury is a member of the firm of Charles
A. Pillsbury & Co., of Minneapolis, Minn., the largest
flour manufacturing firm in the world. This firm
have in operation three mills, with a capacity
of nine thousand barrels of flour per day. One of
these mills has a daily capacity of six thousand

CuT^^

CONCOKD.

151

barrels, and manufactures more flour each day than
any other two mills ou the globe. The three mills
grind each day forty-four thousand bushels of wheat,
which is equal to the production of about three
thousand acres of land. The annual consumption
of these mills is eleven million bushels of wheat,
which is equal to the production of one million
acres of land. It requires about two hundred cars
each day to take wheat into, and flour and offal out oi
these mills. The firm has a world-wide reputation
as honorable and fair-dealing men, and their brands
of flour are well known in all the markets of the
world.

The following extract, taken from the Jauuary,
1885, number of The Northwest, a popular monthly
magazine published at St. Paul, Minn., will perhaps
best show the estimation in which the subject of this
article and the Pillsbury family are held in Min-
neapolis and in the State of Minnesota :

"Tub Mayor of the City. — More than a year ago, the writer said in
the coliiiuDS of The Northwest, that if any man in Minneapolis was asked
to whom the city chiefly owed its prosperity, there wonld be no hepitu-
tion in his answer— 'the Pillsburys.' Since then the people of Minne-
apolis have had no cause to change their opinions, white last spring they
gave a somewhat emphatic utterance to them by electing one of the
members of this reinarkable family— the Hon. George Alfred Pillsbury —
to the mayonilty of the city by an overwhelming vote. A liking for hard
work and a belief in its virtues seem to have been early rooted in the
Pillsbury family, for, in England, more than two centuries and a halt
ago, they bore for their motto the words 'Labor Omnia Vincit.^ But in
all the generations of Pillsburys since then who have lived and
worked from English Essex to Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Min-
nesota, It may be doubted whether any one of them has better deserved
to bear the motto than the present mayor of Minneapolis. It was Lord
Brougham who was advised by a friend to ' confine himself, if possible, to
the work of five ordinary men ;' but his toil-loving lordship himself
might have been envious of the amount of downright hard work which
Mr. Pillsbury has got through in his life. Setting his early life aside
for the present, the mayor has only been in Minneapolis six years as yet.
During that time he has been president of the Miuneapolis Board of
Trade, of the City Council, of the Homoeopathic Hospital and the Minne-
apolis Free Dispensary ; and is still president of the Chamber of Com-
merce, of the Pillsbury & Hulbert Elevator Company, of the Board of
Water- Works, of the St. Paul and Minneapolis Baptist Union and the Min-
nesota Baptist State Convention ; vice-president of the Minnesota Loan
and Trust Company ; member of the Board of Park Conmiiseioners ; di-
rector of the Northwestern National Bank, the Manufacturers' National
Bank, the Minneapolis ElevatorCompany and a trustee of institutions
innumerable. All this besides mayor of the city ! 'Here's a small trifle
of work ! Eleven trusteeships and nine presidencies is a simple coming-
in for one man.' And in spite of the diversity of his duties, there has
not been one post among all those which he has filled wherein he has
failed to win the heartiest respect and approbation of all who have been
brought into connection with him. The more difficult kinds of work he
has to do, the more he appears to be able to give his undivided attention

"Mr. Pillsbury has shown a capacity, almost a genius, for hard and
honest work almost incomprehensible to most men. This alone would
compel the respect of his fellow-citizens ; but, by his generosity, his
warm-heartedness and unostentatious charity, he has also won theii
affection. No stranger can read his public record without admiring the
man who could live such a life ; but it is a stronger tribute to his char-
acter that no acquaintance can see the details of his private life without
his admiration growing to something warmer. Mr. Pillsbury is yet
only sixty-eight years of age, and it is safe to predict that Minneapolis
will yet be grateful to him for much good work done for her and many
benefits received at his hands."

Mr. Pillsbury married Margaret S. Carleton, May
9, 1841. To them were born three children, — Charles

A., born October 3, 1842 ; Mary Adda, born April 25,
1848; Frederick C, born August 27, 1852. Mary
Adda died May 11, 1849.

Both sons are now associated with him in busi-
ness, and are excellent business men. Charles,
the elder son, graduated at Dartmouth College in
the class of 1863, and has been a member of the Min-
nesota State Senate.

George A. Pillsbury is a gentleman of great per-
sonal magnetism, genial and aflable in manner and
possessed of entertaining and attractive conversa-
tional powers. Warm-hearted and generous, he was
ever ready to respond to calls of distress, not only
with good counsel, but with more substantial aids, as
many an unpublished charity in Concord will attest.
All who approached him were sure of a kindly greet-
ing, and any petition for favors received a patient
consideration and a courteous reply. With the young
he was very companionable, and with his conserva-
tive and liberal views of life, he was able to impart
much valuable advice and information. His mind
was well disciplined and evenly balanced, and his
habits very systematic. He was possessed of sound,
practical judgment and great executive ability. Quick
to grasp a point he seldom erred in action, and by a
faculty of reading character, he seemed always ready
to meet any emergency that might arise. In early
life he received a thorough business training, and in his
dealings with men he was straightforward and lib-
eral. In his enterprises he looked beyond the present,
aud results seldom disappointed him. In public
life his administration of affairs was most satisfac-
tory and able, and won for him the esteem of all with
whom he came in contact.

ELIPHALET SIMES NUTTER.

Eliphalet Simes Nutter was born in Barnstead,
N. H., November 26, 1819, being the second son of
Eliphalet and Lovey (Locke) Nutter. His grand-
father, John Nutter, settled in Barnstead in 1767,
and served in the Kevolution as major of Colonel
George Keid's regiment. Major John Nutter's son
Eliphalet — father of the subject of this sketch —
was a farmer, living in the southeast part of the town,
and owning a large amount of real estate. Like his
father, he was an influential citizen, prominent in
town affairs, and held various offices conferred by the
confidence of his townsmen. He was, in his time,
the principal trial justice at Barnstead, and, with
clear head, pious heart and upright intention, adjusted
the controversies of his neighborhood. In 1807 he
married Lovey, daughter of James Locke, one of the
first settlers of Barnstead. The worthy pair left, at
decease, a large family.

Their son, Eliphalet S., spent his boyhood ou his
father's farm, where he was trained to those habits of
industry and thrift which were to characterize so
eminently his maturer years. He enjoyed the advan-

152

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

tages of the common school, and improved them so
well that he became an efficient and acceptable
teacher.

He inherited military tastes, and, at the age oi
eighteen— in the year 1837— he received from Gov-
ernor Isaac Hill his commission as lieutenant of a
company, under the militia system of the period, and,
in 1839, from Governor John Page, that of captain.

In 1844, he commenced that active business career,
in which he still continues, by opening a country
store at Barnstead Parade, where he carried on a
prosperous trade for eleven years. During eight of
these years he was postmaster. In 1855 he moved
to Concord, which has ever since been his place of
residence. In course of the time since his removal to
the capital of the State he has been five years in
business in New York City; has owned, for seven
years, a leading grocery-store in Lawrence, Mass. ;
has been engaged five years in the drug business in
Concord, and also has had a store in Boston. He
was formerly president of the New Hampshire Central
Railroad. He is now (1885) engaged in several im-
portant business enterprises: being one of the direc-
tors of the Franconia Iron Company, with capital
stock of 1200,000; a large owner in the Atlantic and
Pacific Railway Tunnel Company, Denver, Colorado,
capital stock, $7,000,000 ; president of the New Hamp-
shire Democratic Press Company, capital stock,
$25,000 ; president of The National Railway and Street-
Rolling-Stock Company, capital stock, $500,000.

Thrift has not failed to follow wisdom, energy and
perseverance in the prosecution of his varied busi-
ness ventures. He now enjoys the fruitful accumula-
tions of well-directed industry in a home blessed with
the presence of a worthy wife, to whom, iis Sylvania
M. Blanchard, of Lowell, he was united in marriage
in 1845. Y'ears ago their happy home was darkened
by a great sorrow, when their only child, a lovely
daughter, Ada, was, at the age of seventeen, snatched
away by death.

Mr. Nutter has found opportunity, amid other
engrossing cares, to manifest public spirit in devoting
time and effort to assisting in the commemoration ol
events pertaining both to the history of the State in
general and to that of his beloved native town in
particular. His patriotism begins where it should—
at home. To the erection of the monument in mem-
ory of Hannah Duston and her heroic deed of rescue
from cruel captivity, on the little island at the mouth
of the Coutoocook, his generous and untiring exer-
tions were a prominent and essential contribution.
Upon his call was held the meeting of the sons and
daughters of Barnstead living in Concord which
resulted in the reunion held at Phoenix Hotel, Febru-
ary 28, 1878, at which he i)resided. That reunion
paved the way for the Barnstead Reunion, held August
30, 1882, to which he generously contributed, and the
published proceedings of which are a valuable con-
tribution to the history of the State.

In the foregoing statements are summarized the
leading events, doings and characteristics of a busy
and useful life, — a life whose fruitage of success is the
honorable reward of sagacious, earnest, persevering
activity.

CALVIN HOWE.

Calvin Howe was born in Enfield, N. H., March
20, 1806. His boyhood was passed in his native town,
from whence, early in life, he went to Kingston, as
clerk in a store. He quickly developed a taste for
mercantile pursuits, and from this time until his
death was identified with the mercantile interests
of the community wherein he resided. From Kings-
ton he went to North Barnstead, in the store of
Samuel ^Yebster, and later went into trade on his
own account at Lower Gilmauton, where he remained
several years. He was also agent of the Gilmanton
Mills, in what is now Belmont. He removed to Con-
cord in 1855.

Upon his removal to this city he entered the
employ of Warde & Humphrey, as book-keeper,
which position he occupied until 1862. In that year
he engaged in the tlour and grain business as a
member of the firm of John V. Barron, Dodge &
Co., and later of Howe, Moseley & Co., and of John
H. Barron, Moseley & Co., retiring from business in
July, 1881, with a handsome competency, acquired
through long years of faithful devotion to business
and upright dealing. He was an excellent financier
and business man, of sound judgment, prudent, cau-
tious and reliable, and his advice was much sought
after by his fellow-citizens.

Mr. Howe was identified with the banking interests
of the city for a long series of years. He was a direc-
tor in the old Union Bank, also in the National State
Capital Bank, and was vice-president of the Loan
and Trust Savings-Bank, being one of the finance
committee. Although a life- long Democrat, Mr.
Howe never sought political honors ; he was pre-emi-
nently a domestic man, enjoying home and friends.
He was a member of the South Congregational
Church, and was one of its most active and generous
supporters. July 26, 1836, he united in marriage
with Miss Eliza H. Judkins, of Gilmanton, and their
family consisted of one son. Mrs. Howe died while
they were living in Gilmanton, and the son after Mr.
Howe removed to this city. May 29, 1850, he mar-
ried Mrs. Clara N. Evans, daughter of William Fisk,
of Concord, who survives him.

Mr. Howe was an earnest supporter of the move-
ment which resulted in the founding of the Home for
the Aged, and was one of the first, if not the first, to
offer substantial aid for its establishment. He gave
five hundred dollars towards the purchase of the
house, and by will bequeathed an additional sum of
five hundred dollars to its permanent fund. He was
a trustee of the Home from its inception to the day
of his death. Quiet and unostentatious in the be-

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}

--(^Ai^A ''jT?.?.^fl^^/-

CONCOKD.

153

stowal of his charities, and an upright business man,
Calvin Howe died as he had lived, a consistent Chris-
tian and one of Concord's most honored and esteemed
citizens. He died August 13, 1882.

ELIJAH KNIGHT.

The subject of this sketch — a son of Benjamin and
Lucy (Baker) Knight — was born in Hancock, Hills-
borough County, N. H., March 13, 1813. (See town
history of Hancock.)

His father was a farmer, and Elijah worked at home
until eighteen years of age, where the incidents of his
boyhood were such as were common to the sons of
farmers of that time, — assisting in the farm-work in
summer and attending the district school in winter.
His educational advantages, in addition to the district
school, were one term in the academy at Stoddard
and one in Hancock. At the close of his school-life,
being of a mechanical turn of mind, he spent two
winters at the trade of clock-making, returning in the
summer to assist in farm-work. He then taught
school two winters, — one in Alstead, N. H., the other
in Hancock, his native town, his object mainly being
to improve his own mind. Attaining his majority, he
went as a journeyman clock-maker to Goffstown,
Nashua, Charlestown and Boston, Mass., in each of
which places he worked at his trade for some time,
during which he became efficient as a clock-maker
and also learned to repair watches. In July, 1S87,
having, by prudence and economy, saved some money,
he was prepared to realize, in a small way, the hopes
of earlier years, by going into business on his own
account as a jeweler, at Amoskeag, a small village on
the opposite side of the river to the present site of
the city of Manchester. lu 1839 he moved across
the river to Manchester, at a time when there were
only three buildings on Elm Street. Here he re-
mained two years, doing a successful business, and in
the fall of 1841, having a touch of the " Western
fever," he sold out and took a trip West, but, liking
the Ea.st better, soon returned to his native State and
settled in New Market, went into business, where he
remained twelve years, the only jeweler there, and
did a prosperous business. He has always continued
in this business, hiis worked diligently and faithfully
at it, and, being a good workman, has earned a good
living. August 28, 1842, Mr. Knight married Mary
.Tane, daughter of James and Jerusha (Palmer)
(iriffin, of Manchester, N. H. From this union there
were two children. Mr. Knight was commissioned,
by Governor Martin, a justice of the peace, and also
was solicited to act as trial justice, but declined to
act in the petty disputes between his townsmen. He
was recommissioned and held the office for ten or
more years. He had the honor of being chosen a
member of the convention which a-ssembled in Con-
cord, December, 1850, to revise the constitution of
the State. He also held a commission of major in

the New Hampshire State militia. The life of Mr.
Knight, while in New Market, was a diligent and
peaceful one, and he enjoyed the confidence and
respect of the community. Of robust and rugged
constitution and of temperate habits, Mr. Knight has
always had good health, and is particularly blessed
with a happy disposition. Desiriug to be nearer the
old friends and acquaintances of himself and wife, he
sold out his business in New Market in 1854 and
moved to Concord, N. H., where he purchased a
business which he has carried on successfully for
thirty-one years in one location, and thoroughly en-
joyed life while amassing a very comfortable property
and maintaining a happy home. Mr. Knight has
always been jiust, open and frank in his dealings with
all, maintaining an untarnished reputation. He has
always been a stanch Democrat, and has ever taken
an active interest in political afl'airs, always anxious
that right principles should triumph. He has been
the candidate of his party for various offices since
coming to Concord ; but the party being in the
minority he was never elected. He has been a close
observer of men and events, both in public and
private life, keeping well informed of current events.
He has formed his own opinions and is always ready
to maintain them by argument. He was brought up
under the teachings of the Presbyterian faith and has
always attended worahip with that church. In 1844
he became a member of the fraternity of Odd-Fellows,
and was prominent in the order, holding all the
various offices in the subordinate lodge and encamp-
ment. He is also a member of the Masonic fraternity,
having taken thedegrees to that of Royal Arch Mason.
He is a good citizen, social and genial, possessing
sound qualities of mind and heart, and is truly one
of nature's noblemen, and this modest sketch pays
but a faint tribute to the real worth of the man as a
kind neighbor, a valued citizen of sound judgment,
having the best interests of the community at heart
and blessed with an extended circle of appreciative
friends.

DANIEL HOLDEN.'

Daniel Holden, the subject of this brief sketch, was
the son of Asa and Nancy (Wyman) Holden, and was
born in Billerica, Mass., April 20, 1809. Being one
of a family of nine children, he went away from home
at the tender age of nine, as was the custom in those
days, to work for Dr. Sylvanus Plympton, of Woburn,
Mass. Up to that time he had been to the district
school regularly for several years, but, after leaving
home, was only allowed to attend during the winter
terms, until he was thirteen, which finished the
meagre education then ftirnished to boys who had
to earn their own living. Harsh treatment and
scanty fare were the fate of such youth, and there
wiis no exception in this case; indeed, so utterly

Written by a friend.

154

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

did the boy despise the position which he held
in the venerable doctor's family, that, when thir-
teen years old, he ran away to his home, and
no amount of persuasion could induce him to re-
turn and finish out the period which had been
agreed upon for him to stay. . After this he was em-
ployed for several years by various farmers in his
native place. Having a great desire to own a farm,
he came to the conclusion that the easiest manner in
which to obtain the money necessary therefor would
be by working in a mill ; so, with the intention of
returning to agricultural pursuits very speedily, he
again left his home, being at th is time twenty years
old, and began work in the flannel mill of H. G. Howe,
in Belvidere, Tewksbury (now a part of Lowell, Ma.ss.),
May 19, 1829.

He engaged to serve as watchman for one year, at
eight dollars per month and board, but, proving very
faithful at his task, his pay was increased to twelve
dollars per mouth for the last half of the year, without
any solicitation on his part.

He soon became familiar with the various phases
of the woolen business, and three years after coming
to Belvidere, he engaged to run the mill by contract.
In 1837, having been in Belvidere eight years, he
was employed by the Chelmsford Company as super-
intendent of their mill in Dracut, which place is also
a part of Lowell at the present time.

The young man had apparently forgotten his old-
time ardor for agriculture, as he remained in Dracut
until January 1, 1847, where he conducted a very
successful business for nearly ten years. Severing his
connection with the Chelmsford Company at this
time, he removed to AVest Concord, N. H., and began
the manufacture of woolen goods, in company with
an older brother, Benjamin F. Holden, which part-
nership continued twenty-seven years, until the death
of the latter, November 29, 1874. A joint-stock com-
l)any or corporation was then formed under the name
of Concord Manufacturing Company, of which Daniel
Holden was elected treasurer and general agent,
which position he holds at the present date (1885).

In the autumn of 1853, Mr. Holden was induced to
take the superintendence of the Saxouville Mills, in
Framingham, Mass., where he remained as agent
for three years, returning in the autumn of 1856 to
Concord, his interest there and business connections
with his brother having remained the same during his
absence. In the early years of their business they
manufactured all grades of blankets in addition to
various styles of flannels. For a number of years they
also did quite a business in wool hosiery; but, for
the past twenty years, the production of the mills has
been confined almost exclusively to a variety of all
wool flannels.

Mr. Holden has never had any political aspirations
whatever, but has faithlully executed every duty
which has devolved ujwn him. He has served in most

of the minor ward offices, and represented Ward Three
in the Board of Aldermen of Concord in 1874, and in
the Legislature in 1865, 1866 and 1875.

Mr. Holden has been twice married, — in 1834, to
Miss Sarah Haynts, who died in 1843, leaving four
children ; in 1844, to Roxanna Haynes, who has had
seven children, — making in all a family of eleven
children, ten of whom grew to manhood and woman-
hood. The two wives were sisters, and daughters of
Reuben Haynes, a successful farmer of Sudbury,
Mass.

Mr. Holden has seven children now living, — two
danghtera and five sons. Four of the latter are en-
gaged in the same business as their father, — one in
Gaysville, Vt., another in Lowell, Mass., and the two
youngest in West Concord.

Although Mr. Holden's educational advantages
were very limited in his youth, yet an exceeding
desire for knowledge has made him a great reader and
has rendered him Ikmiliar with almost every subject of
interest at the present time. His business has re-
quired so much energy and application that, until
these later years, he has taken very little time for rest
or travel.

His life has been useful and honorable and full of
activity, and if we have seemed to lack in speaking
words in his praise, it is not because he deserves them
less than others, but dislikes them more.

WILLIAM ABBOTT.

William Abbott was born in Andover, Mass., Sep-
tember 7, 1801. He was named for his father, the
late William Abbott, who removed from Andover,
when his son William was nine years of age, to Con-
cord, N. H., having purchased the farm of Joseph
Carter at the old iron-works, in the southwest part of
the town. On this farm William, Sr., who died
in 1856, spent his days as an honest and thrifty tiller
of the soil, and here William lived till he arrived at
about the age of twenty-one. No pleasanter spot
than this can be found in all the region, and it was
here that the poet, Nathaniel H. Carter, son of
Joseph Carter, spent his youthful days, and here, it is
understood, he was born in 1787. Through this fiirm
runs the Turkey River, and the lines of our poet,
written on one of his pilgrimages to his old home,
have cast about the place a peculiar charm, —

" llail ! hail again my native stream,
Scone of my boyhood's earliest dream ;
With solitary step once more
I tread thy \Yild and sylvan shore.

" What if no lofty classic name
Give to thy peaceful waters fame,
Still can thy rural haunts impart
\ solace to this saddened heart."

William Abbott, Sr., married Rebecca Bailey in
1801, who died in 1863. Besides William they had

^.^^^^^y^

^^fT^AJ£.ISicliie.

4i/k,,v M<r^

CONCORD.

155

four children, — Isaac, born in 1803, died 1859; Re-
becca, boru iu 1806, died 1873 ; Moses B., born in
1815, died 1876; and Phebe E., wife of the late
Joseph S. Lund, who was born in 1817, died 1875.

William Abbott, the subject of this sketch, at the
age of twenty-one, was employed by the Londonderry
Turnpike Company in the construction of a turnpike,
for a period of six months, when he went to Billerica,
Mass., and learned the carriage manufacturing busi-
ness. He remained there engaged iu this business
for three years. He then returned to Concord, and
shortly thereafter purchased a farm of the late
Albert Ordway, married Desdemonia Fisk Watkins,
of Warner, N. H., and settled down in life. As an
extensive and industrious farmer Mr. Abbott " kept
the even tenor of his way" till within a few years,
when, feeling compelled by reason of failing health
to retire from active jnirsuits, he purchased a pleas-
ant home on South Street, in the city proper, whore
he now resides.

Mr. Abbott has ever been known as a most worthy
citizen, as one whose course in life has been that of
an honest and upright man. He has been noted for
his generosity, and has often contributed to many a
worthy cause. He gave quite a large sum to the
North Church in Concord for the purpose of build-
ing a chapel, which has been completed, and bears
the name of "The Abbott Memorial Chapel."

A great deer-chase occurred in Mr. Abbott's early
days, when he was about fifteen years old, which has
often been related and should be mentioned here. A
deer appeared within the limits of the town, and a
large party of young men was immediately in hot
pursuit. The deer was tracked to what isuow known
as " Horse Hill Bridge," and from there into the
great "swamp woods," as that region through v/hich
now runs the Bog road was then called. Mr. Abbott,
catching a glimpse of the deer through the tangled
bushes, blazed away with his flint-lock, and the deer fell
dead. It was dragged home, dressed and three quarters
were divided among the crowd and cooked at the farm
of Moses Carter. The other quarter was exchanged
for West India rum. At this feast people gathered
from far and near, and at the Carter homestead
there were heard the "sounds of revelry by night."

Mr. Abbott's first wife died iu 1867, and he has
since been twice married. His second wife was Mrs.
Betsy Jones Davis, of Warner, N. H., who died in
1876, and his present wife was Mrs. Vasta Morrison
Dolby, of Pembroke, N. H., widow of the late
Albert T. Dolby.

Mr. Abbott has no children, and with his death
this branch of the Abbott family will become extinct.

CUMMINGS.'

Much has been said and written of the success of
men who were born in affluence, who, by their care-

' By Charles E. Cummings.

ful management and good judgment, have retained
the fortunes left them by their kindred. Such men
are entitled to much praise ; but if they should re-
ceive the approval of their fellow-men, how much
more should those who started life with nothing for a
capital but a brave heart, an honest purpose and a
strong determination to overcome all obstacles in
their pathway to success in life! The .subject of this
sketch is among the latter cla.ss.

George A. Cummings is the fourth son of Alvah
and Polly (Grout) Cummings, born iu Acworth, N. H.,
June 13, 1833. His grandfather. Rev. David Cum-
mings, a descendant from Scotch ancestry, was born
in Swauzey, N. H., February 20, 1775; moved to
Acworth in 1814 ; was a Baptist preacher, well versed
in Scriptural knowledge, and an earnest advocate of
his chosen calling. His maternal graudl'ather, Colo-
nel Ebenezer Grout, was born in Watertown, Mass.,
and moved to Acworth in 1782. The family were
noted for their military fame. He was colonel of his
regiment in the State militia, his brother William
was an officer in the War of the Revolution, and his
.son Benjamin was an officer in the War of 1812.
Colonel Grout also held many offices of trust and
responsibility in his town, having been elected several
times to the Legislature. He was one of the pioneer
settlers of Acworth, making his way through the
wilderness by the aid of marked trees.

He was a man of great ability and much respected
by his fellow-townsmen, and they named that part of
the town where he settled "Grout Hill." Alvah
Cummings, father of the subject of this sketch, was
born in Sullivan, N. H., January 22, 1799. He
moved with his father to Acworth in 1814, where, iu
1825, he married Polly Grout, daughter of Colonel
Ebenezer Grout, and settled in that part of Acworth
called Grout Hill, and engaged in farming, and they
lived together thirty-six years. His wife died in
1866, having reared a family of eight children, five
boys and three girls,— Dr. A. R. Cummings, Clare -
mont ; Dr. E. G. Cummings, Concord ; Oscar Cum-
mings (deceased) ; George A. ; Mrs. Mary J. Young,
Concord ; Mrs. Sally Ann Young, Acworth ; Mrs.
Laura Smith, Acworth ; and Milon D. Cummings,
Concord, each of whom have been successful in life
and blessed with comfortable homes.

Alvah Cummings was a man of strong and vigor-
ous constitution, and, with his prudent and faithful
wife, succeeded in securing and maintaining a com-
fortable home for themselves and their large family,
.and he continued to manage his entire farming busi-
ness until about two years ago, being now eighty-
seven years old, hale and hearty.

George A. Cummings' youth was spent at the old
homestead, and the active duties of farm-life did
much to strengthen and mature him for the struggles
of future years. He remained at home until twenty
years of age, enjoying the advantages of the district
school, and subsequently attended the academy at

HISTORY OP MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

South Acworth. While at home he received from
his fiiithful mother early instructions in Christianity,
and he is largely indebted to her careflil training for
thus early forming a Christian character. His father,
by precept and example, impressed upon his mind
the importance of a life of industry and integrity.

In 1853, at the age of twenty, he left his native
town and went to Franklin, N. H., where he and his
brother Oscar formed the co-partnership of O. & G.
A. Cummings, marble dealers. Then it was that the
struggle of life began ; having no capital, and his
brother but little, it was with great effort that they
established themselves in business, being strangers in
the place. But by perseverance and strict applica-
tion to their duties, they succeeded in gradually
building up a large business, which exceeded their
expectations, and it became necessary to establish a
branch at Lebanon, and after conducting the business
in these sections of the State and a part of Vermont
for several years, it was thought best to establish a
central business at Concord, which was done in March,
1861, and they took up their residence there. This
was about two weeks prior to the opening of the
Civil War, and the financial crisis which came, placing
the business of the country in a very trying and crit-
ical condition, did not seriously affect them, and they
were successful in carrying their business through.
In November, 1864, his brother Oscar died. He be-
ing a man of sterling business qualifications, his
death was a great loss to the business interests of the
firm, thus leaving George to assume the responsibili-
ties and conduct the business of the firm. This he
succeeded in doing, and the business increased so that
in 1868 he took his brother Milon as partner, and the
firm was established as Cummings Brothers, and con-
tinues the same at the present time. During this
period the firm have conducted a large and flourish-
ing business throughout Central New Hampshire and
Eastern Vermont, and in this time having opened an-
other branch in Pittsfield.

In 1876 he and his brother. Dr. E. G. Cummings,
purchased the Williams estate, on the corner of Main
and Freight Streets, and erected a fine brick block, the
two lower stories of which, being fitted for the marble
and granite business, and being very large and conven-
ient, are the best arranged and furnished memorial
marble-works in the State. In 1885 they erected on the
adjoining lot one of the finest business blocks in
Concord. Cummings Brothers' monumental business
has increased and extended throughout New Hamp-
shire and to many towns in the adjoining States.
The subject of this sketch has been in the marble
business for over thirty-two years, and is one of
the oldest in it, there being no firm in existence
to-day that was doing business when he began.

Mr. Cummings is a Baptist and a liberal supporter
of his church, but he is very charitable to those of
other denominations ; is a firm believer that a cor-
rect life is what makes the Christian more than a be-

lief in any particular creed. He became a member
of White Mountain Lodge, I. O. O. F., March 2, 1866;
was elected Noble Grand of his lodge in 1870 ; is a
member of Pennacook Encampment, and served as
Chief Patriarch. He is a member of the Grand
Lodge of New Hampshire, and served as G. W. and
D. G. M., and was elected Grand Master in 1875-76,
and representative to the Sovereign Grand Lodge in
1877 and '78. During his term as Grand Master he
visited every lodge in the State, and the order was
very prosperous under his administration. He took
a great interest in the work and did as much to ex-
tend the order as any member in the State. He is
also a member of the Masonic fraternity. In 1870
he was elected to the Legislature from Ward 5, Con-
cord, and re-elected in 1871. Serving upon import-
ant committees and taking an active part in the de-
bates in the House, he proved himself an able
legislator. He served two years as alderman, and in
November, 1880, he was elected mayor of Concord
by a very large majority, receiving many votes from
his political opponents ; his term expired Jan., 1883.
His administration was an honest and successful one.
Mr. Cummings has been chosen to many places of
honor, trust and responsibility, being a trustee of Mer-
rimack County Savings-Bank, atrustee of the Orphans'
Home, at Franklin, vice-president of the Odd-Fel-
lows' Home and director of the Concord Horse
Railroad. In 1884 the citizens of Concord formed a
stock company for the purpose of erecting a building
and establishing a shoe manufactory here, and elected
Mr. Cummings one of the directors and subsequently
he was elected president of the corporation. The
building erected is the best in the State, and much
credit is due Mr. Cummings for his untiring efforts in
making this new industry a success, for it was largely
through his efforts that the enterprise was accom-
plished. In 1854 he married Mary Lizzie, daughter
of the late Frederick P. Smith, then of the firm of
Smith & Johnson, dry-goods dealers, of Manchester,
N. H. Mr. Smith had four sons, each of whom
served in the War of the Rebellion, two of whom
gave their lives to save their country. Mrs. Cum-
mings is a superior woman, possessing energy and
al)ility, and by her economy and good judgment has
performed well her part in assisting her husband in
his life-work. Two children have been born to them,
a son and daughter. Frank G., the eldest, is a part-
ner in the firm of C. H. Weeks & Co., marble and
granite dealers, Haverhill, Mass., — a young man of
integrity and rare business ability, having inherited
a share of his father's good judgment and business
qualifications. Ida E., who died in 1876, at the age
of nineteen years, attended the High School at Con-
cord, and entered the Female Academy at Bradford,
Mass., in 1874, and would have graduated in about a
year, had her health permitted. She was a young
lady of culture and refinement, and of great promise,
much beloved, not only by her own family, but by all

mir

c:7^^2^^^-^— — j^'^

t^'c

CONCORD.

157

who knew her, and her early death was mourned by
a large circle of friends.

George A. Cumniings is a self-made man. He be-
gan life with nothing and gradually worked his way
to a position of respect and influence, and he is
trusted and honored by his fellow-citizens. He is a
man of noble qualities of mind and heart; no worthy
person soliciting aid was ever refused assistance. He
is ever encouraging and helping others in the strug-
gle of life. Given to hospitality, guests are always
welcome. Now in the prime of manhood, it is hoped
that his life may be spared for other fields of useful-
ness and honor that he may yet be called to fill.

JOSEPH WENTWURTH.

Joseph ^\'entworth was born in Sandwich, Carroll
( 'ounty, N. H., January 30, 1818, taking his first
lesson in life among the hardy sons of that moun-
tainous region. He was educated at the academy at
New Hampton in 1835, at Hopkinton in 18.36 and
South Berwick in 1837. He was a successful mer-
chant thirty years in his native town, not only con-
ducting a general country store, but dealing largely in
cattle and horses. He was town clerk, selectman and
representative to the State Legislature in 1844-45.
He was also a delegate from Sandwich, in 1850, to
the convention called to revise the constitution of the
State, and from Concord to the Constitutional Conven-
tion in 1876. He was aid to Governor John Page,
with the rank of colonel, and quartermaster several
years in the New Hampshire Horse Guards. Mr.
Wentworth was register of deeds for Carroll County
two years, high sheriff of same county five years,
and was for fifteen years postmaster. He was also
for many years president and chief owner of the
Carroll County National Bank. In 1870 he gave the
old homestead to his son, Paul, and removed to Con-
cord, N. H., where he was elected, two years, assessor
of taxes, from Ward 6, and also representative to the
State Legislature in 1878. He married, May 7,
1845, Sarah Payson Jones, of Brookline, Mass. They
had born, in Sandwich, six children, — two sons and
four daughters, — all of whom survive. The two sons,
Paul and Moses, entered Harvard College the same
day; graduated the same day, in 1868, just one hun-
dred years after the graduation of their great-grand-
father from the same college, and from their high
rank in their class both were assigned a part on
graduation day, the records of the college showing no
other such case of two brothers. The daughters are
Sarah C, I>ydia C, Susan J. and Dolly F. Mr.
Wentworth's parents, Paul and Lydia C. Wentworth,
were both descendants of Ezekiel, son of Elder
William Wentworth. His maternal grandfather,
Colonel Amos Cogswell, served through the entire
War of the Revolution. His paternal great-grand-
father. Judge John Wentworth, presided at the Revo-
lutionary Convention in New Hampshire. His

grandfather, John Wentworth, Jr., was a member of
the Continental Congress.

ENOCH GERRISH.

The name of Gerrish has been prominently identi-
fied with Merrimack County, and particularly with
the town of Boscawen. Captain Stephen Gerrish was
one of the original proprietors of Boscawen and one
of the leading spirits in the new settlement. His
eldest son. Colonel Henry Gerrish, was a distin-
guished citizen and held many positions of trust and
responsibility. He was chosen the first grand juror
to His Majesty's Superior Court, 1773; delegate to
the convention for the choice of members to the First
Continental Congress in 1774; the same in 1775;
represented the towns of Boscawen and Salisbury in
the General Court in 1779, and Boscawen in 1790.

He was captain in the militia at the breaking out
of the Revolution, and marched with the Minute-Men
to Medford upon the receipt of the news of the battle
of Lexington. He was lieutenant-colonel of Stick-
ney's regiment at the time of the Bennington cam-
paign, but, having been detailed to other duty, was
not in the battle. He was present at the surrender
of Burgoyne, being on the left flank of Burgoyne at
Battenkill, where he acted as clerk at the sale of
some of the plunder taken from the British. The
mess-book used on that occasion is still in existence.
He often acted as the town's agent during the Revo-
lution, performing the duties assigned him with the
same care and energy that characterized the manage-
ment of his private aflairs.

Major Enoch Gerrish, third son of Captain Stephen,
was born in Boscawen, June 23, 1750. When eighteen
years of age he built his log cabin on the east side of
the road now called High Street, where he cleared
five acres of land, being part of the homestead where
he and his posterity have since resided. He had a
love for military parade, as his title indicates. Dur-
ing his life he was chosen to fill the offices of moder-
ator, selectman and representative to the General
Court nine yeai-s. A man strictly religious, he joined
Dr. Wood's church in 1781, and was elected deacon
in 1783, an office which he held until his death. May
1,1821.

His son, Isaac Gerrish, father of Colonel Enoch,
was born in Boscawen, November 27, 1782. He was
an honored citizen and a leading member of the
church in that town.

Colenel Enoch Gerrish, the subject of this sketch,
only son of Isaac and Caroline (Lawrence) Gerrish,
was born at the old homestead, on High Street, July
28, 1882. He obtained his education at the acade-
mies in Boscawen, Franklin and Meriden. On the
death of his tather he inherited a large portion of his
estate, and with it, at the age of twenty, came the care
and management of an extensive farm. An addition
of more than one hundred acres made it one of the

158

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

largest in Merrimack County. For twenty years he
devoted his time to the cultivation and improvement
of his soil, successftilly develoi)ing its resources by
raising live-stock, hay and wool, when its heavy
growth of wood and timber attracted the attention of
the lumber manufacturer, to whom it was sold in 1865.

Possessing a love for military parade and drill, he
was promoted from the lowest rank to that of colonel
of the Twenty-first Regiment New Hampshire Militia.

He was often elected to fill the various offices in
town, the duties of which were well performed. A
friend to the church where his ancestors worshiped,
and to religious institutions generally, he manifested
an interest in all measures that contributed to their
usefulness.

He moved to Concord after the sale of his farm,
where his sound judgment, particularly in matters of
finance, was duly appreciated, as is shown by his ap-
pointment as one of the trustees of the New Hamp-
shire Savings-Bank, in Concord, and of the Rolfeand
Rumford Asylum.

He also represented Ward Four, of Concord in the
Legislature of 1881-82. He married Miranda O.,
daughter of Joseph S. and Harriet N. Lawrence,
May 23, 1854.

Their children are Frank Lawrence, born May
19, 1855 ; Lizzie Miranda, born June 14, 1860.

CHARLES H. AMSDEN.

Isaac Amsden, the first of the Amsden name re-
corded in this country, appears in Cambridge, Mass.,
where he was married, June 8, 1654, to Frances Per-
riman. He is supposed to have come from England.
He died in Cambridge April 7, 1659, leaving two
children.

Isaac (2), their son, was born at Cambridge in 1655;
married Jane Rutter, May 17, 1677. He died May 3,
1727. She died November 22, 1739, leaving si.x
children.

John (3), third son of Isaac (2), born at Marlborough.
Mass., December 28, 1683, died atSouthborough, Mass.,
November 12, 1761. He married Hannah, daughter
of Isaac and Frances (Woods) Howe, of Marlborough,
Mass., who was born June 17, 1688, and had twelve
children.

Jesse (4), son of John (3), was born at Southborough,
Mass., May 31, 1729. He married Bettie Ball, of
Southborough, November 10, 1748, and had twelve
children.

Jonas (5), son of Jesse (4), born at Southborough,
April 24, 1749, married Hannah Rice, August 9, 1770.
He died at Mason, N. H., March 20, 1802. She died
at Mason February 27, 1809. They had nine children.

Hubbard (6), son of Jonas (.5), born 1790, died Sep-
tember 16, 1817. He married Annie Saunders, of
Mason, N. H., March 8, 1814, had two children.

Henry Hubbard (7), son of Hubbard (6), born Sep-
tember 14, 1816, married Mary Muzzey, of New Ips-

wich, N. H., August 6, 1840. He died at Fisherville
(now Penacook), N. H., December 6, 1869.

Children of Henry H. and Mary Amsden, — George
Henry, born July 7, 1841, died January 16, 1872 ;
Charles Hubbard, born May 20, 1846, died October
29, 1847 ; Charles Hubbard, born July 8, 1848 ; Ed-
ward, born December 10, 18.53, died June 9, 1858.

Charles Hubbard (8), son of Henry (7), Hubbard
(6), Jonas (5), Jesse (4), John (3), Isaac (2), Isaac (1)
and Mary (Muzzey) Amsden, the subject of this
sketch, was born in Boscawen, N. H., July 8, 1848.

In early life he attended the public schools, and in
August, 1863, went to New Ipswich, N. H., where he
attended the Appleton Academy, remaining there
until the spring of 1865.

On returning home he entered the employ of Cald-
well & Amsden, furniture manufacturers, and con-
tinued with them until December, 1868, when the
firm of H. H. Amsden & Sons succeeded to Caldwell
& Amsden, the same being composed of Henry H.
and his two sons, — George H. and Charles H., — and
Charles H. Allen, of Boston.

December 6, 1869, the senior member of the firm
died, and the remaining partners continued the busi-
ness until the death of George H., wliich occurred
January 16, 1872. After that the two remaining part-
ners conducted the business until January 1, 1880,
when Charles H. bought the interest of Mr. Allen,
and since that time has conducted the same alone
under the same firm-name. Mr. Amsden is also
associated with John Whitaker, Esq., in the lumber
business, they having one of the best mills in the
southern part of the State, the product of which is
used by Mr. Amsden in the manufacture of fur-
niture.

Being of the opinion that New Hampshire is a
good State for manufacturing, it has been his policy
to encourage and aid it all he could, and to this end
has engaged with associates in other branches of
business, being at the present time the president of
the Concord Axle Company, also a director in the Con-
toocook Manufacturing and Mechanic Company, of
Penacook, the B. W. Hoyt Company, of Epping,
N. H., and the Mechanics' National Bank, of Con-
cord, N. H., and also State director of the Portland
and Ogdensburg Railroad. Nothing of a public
nature but that has his encouragement and assist-
ance so far as possible, and he is a liberal contrib-
utor to benevolent objects. In religious views he is a
Baptist, having become a member of that church and
society at an early age, and is to-day one of the most
liberal supportere of the church with which he is
connected.

October 29, 1870, he married Helen A., daughter of
David A. and Martha A. (Daggett) Brown, of Pena-
cook. Of this union there were born to them, July
15, 1872, a son, Henry Hubbard, who is now living ;
also, Januarj' 31, 1878, a daughter, Mary Ardelle, who
died October 20, 1883.

<>f'^e-c^-t>i^ Z^^&'t-t^i^Ay

CONCOKD.

Being of a retiring disposition, and having his
time so much taken up by business cares, he has
never sought public honors to any great extent. He
represented his ward in the Board of Aldermen of
the city of Concord in the year 1874, and was unani-
mously returned in 1875 ; was also a member of the
State Senate in 1883.

Mr. Amsden is now in the prime of life, and owing
to force of circumstances, his business career has
already been more extended than the average of men
at his age. Filling various po.sitions of trust and
responsibility with commendable acceptability, it has
been his peculiar aim to merit and receive the es-
teem and confidence of his associates and constitu-
ents.

ABRAHAM BEAN.

Abraham Bean was born March 14, 1789, in Lou-
don, N. H. His fiither, John, was a farmer in
Gilmanton, who, shortly before the birth of the sub-
ject of this sketch, moved to Loudon, and there
continued as a farmer. Abraham had very limited
opportunities for obtaining an education, as his
father lived two miles from the school, and his atten-
dance being only during the winter terms; he often
had to break his own path through the deep snows
for the entire distance. He was a hardy boy and
grew rapidly, so that at twelve years of age we find
him leaving his home and engaging with Esquire Jon-
athan Eastman, of Concord (then a small farming
town), as a farm hand. Here he remained for .several
years and became known as a trusty and competent
workman, and commanded the highest wages paid at
the time.

December 17, 1810, he married Sally, daughter
of Ezekiel and Mary A. (Sanborn) Clough, of Lou-
don. From this union there were two children, —
Mary Ann, born July 16, 1812 (who married Herman
Sanborn, of Boscawen, and had four children), and
Sarah Jane, born October 12, 1818, who married John
L. Tallant, of Canterbury, January 21, 1835 ; they
had thirteen children, seven of whom are now living.

Mr. Bean, early in life, became interested in civil
affairs, and was called to positions of trust and honor
by the citizens of the town. He was for over twenty
years the collector of taxes for Concord. He repre-
sented the town of Concord in the General Court
two years. He also held the positions of deputy
sheriff and constable for over twenty years, and be-
came greatly interested in the growth and prosperity
of Concord. In these various positions Mr. Bean
showed himself to be a man of good sense, was ener-
getic and ftill of enterprise, and in the collection of
the revenues of the young city was peculiarly suc-
cessful. In politics Mr. Bean was a Democrat, and
acted with that party with but one exception during
his life, the exception being his favoring the election
of his friend, John Quincy Adams.

Mr. Bean was a member of the Congregational

Church at East Concord, and it was largely through
his influence that the first church there was built.
He was one of the original grantees of a charter for
the State Capital Bank, and one of its board of direc-
tors for many years. He was an earnest advocate of
the temperance cause, a man of great decision of
character, and a valued citizen who was ever ready to
lend a helping hand in any good cause. He led an
active life, and died April 7, 1861, beloved and re-
spected.

HON. JACOB H. GALLINGEE.'

Dickens remarks, in one of his novels, that it is not
likely to be forgotten that Alexander wept because
there were no more worlds to conquer, "the circum-
stance having been somewhat frequently mentioned."
For the same reason, there is little danger that the
reading public will forget that "New Hampshire is a
good State to emigrate from." Let us for once amend
this tiresome and unpatriotic old proverb, and rejoice
that at least one highly successfiil man has found
New Hampshire a good State to immigrate into.
And may not the honors which the old State has
bestowed upon the child of her adoption suggest, if
not a rebuke, at lea.st a wholesome lesson, to her own
recreant sons who have wandered from her side?

Jacob H. Gallinger, the subject of this sketch, was
born in Cornwall, province of Ontario, March 28,
1837. He was the son of a farmer and the fourth in
a family of twelve children. His parents were of
German descent and were possessed of but moderate
means. Like so many others who have achieved
high success in after-life, he was forced, at an early
age, to rely upon his own resources. At the age of
twelve he entered that incomparable political train-
ing-school, a newspaper-office, served an apprentice-
ship of four years and made himself master of the
"art preservative." After working at his trade for
one year, in Ogdensburgh, N. Y., he returned to
Cornwall, and, for a year, edited and published the
paper on which he had served his apprenticeship.

During this time he was under the charge of a
private instructor, and endeavored, in such spare
moments as a country editor may snatch from his
numberless duties, to supply the deficiency caused by
the unfortunate lack of educational advantages in his
early boyhood.

In 1855 he began the study of medicine in Cincin-
nati, Ohio. During the vacations he eked out his
scanty means by working in the office of the Cincin-
nati Gazette as reporter, proof-reader or compositor.
He completed his medical course in May, 1858, grad-
uating with the highest honors of his class. He
practiced his profession in Cincinnati for one year,
devoted the next year to study and travel, and then,
in July, 1860, came to New Hampshire. A year later
he associated himself in practice with Dr. W. B.

»By AUeu J. Hackett.

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Chamberlain, at Keene. About this time he joined
the homoeopathic school of medicine, to which he has
since adhered. In the spring of 18G2 he removed to
Concord, where he has since resided and where he
has built up a large and lucrative practice. As a
medical practitioner he stands in the front rank of
his profession in this State. For seven years he was
president of the New Hampshire Homceopathic Med-
ical Society, in 1868 he received an honorary degree
from the New York Homceopathic Medical College,
and he has been elected an honorary member ol'
several medical societies. He has also been a fre-
quent and valued contributor to medical periodicals,
and was surgeon-general of the State, with the rank
of brigadier-general, on the staff' of Governor Head,
during the years 1879 and 1880.

But it is in political life that Dr. Gallinger is best
and most widely known. To use a homely and hack-
neyed expression, he is a "born" politician. He
possesses, in an unusual degree, the executive capa-
city, the quickness of perception, the promptness in
action, the courage, the combativeness and the shrewd
knowledge of human nature, which are the most
important requisites to success in political life. Such
a man having entered the field of active politics, it
was inevitable that he should work his way to the
front.

He has always been an active Republican, and has
long ranked among the leaders of his party in this
State. He was first elected to the House of Repre-
sentatives in 1872, and served as chairman of the
committee on insurance. He was re-elected the
next year and was appointed to the chairmanship of
the committee on banks, and also as chairman of an
important special committee.

His service in the lower branch of the Legislature
was characterized by industry, close attention to
business and distinguished ability and readiness in
debate.

In 1876 he was elected a member of the Constitu-
tional Convention. This convention will always be
historic by reason of the large number of able men
that it contained and the important reforms that it
inaugurated.

Dr. Gallinger took a prominent part in the debates,
and was a valuable and influential member.

His ])lan for representation in the Legislature on
the basis of population, although opposed by many of
the older members of the convention, was adopted by
a large majority. The very general satisfaction with
which the system is regarded sufficiently attests the
wisdom of its author.

In March, 1878, he was elected to the State Senate
from the old Fourth District, and served as chairman
of the committee on education. He was re-elected
in the following November, and upon the convening
of the Legislature, was chosen to the presidency of
th« Senate, an oflicc whose duties his rare parliamen-
tary ability enabled him to discharge to the entire

satisfaction of the Senators, as was attested by the
exceedingly complimentary resolutions unanimously
passed at the close of the session, accompanied by a
valuable testimonial.

Dr. Gallinger had long been an active and influen-
tial member of the Republican State Central Com-
mittee, and in September, 1882, he was made its
chairman. The campaign which followed was one of
exceeding bitterness and beset with exceptional difli-
culties. Republican disaftection was rife throughout
the land. The tidal wave which, two years later,
carried the Democratic party into power in the
nation, had already set in. New York, Pennsylvania
and even Massachusetts chose Democratic Governors,
and a Democratic Congress was elected. In addition
to these general discouragements, the Republicans of
New Hampshire were called upon to face serious
obstacles of their own, which iirc well known to all,
and which, therefore, need not lie discussed here. It
is only just to say that, with a le.-^s adroit manager at
the head of the Rei)nblican organization, the Repub-
lican victory which followed would have been impos-
sible. Dr. Gallinger was re-elected to the chairman-
ship in 1884, and again demonstrated his especial
fitness for the place.

In the Second District Convention, held at Con-
cord, September 9, 1884, Dr. Gallinger was nominated
for member of Congress, receiving on the first ballot
one hundred and seventy-one out of a total of three
hundred and twenty-nine votes. The nomination
was subsequently made unanimous. His competitors
were Hon. Daniel Barnard, of Franklin, and Hon.
Levi W. Barton, of Newport — two of the ablest men
in the State. He was elected in November following,
running several hundred votes ahead of his ticket.
He will take his seat at the opening of the first
session of the Fiftieth Congress, in December next.

Dr. Gallinger has been prominent in politics other-
wise than in an oflicial capacity. He is one of the
most popular and successful campaign orators in the
State. As a speaker, he is rapid, direct and practical,
has an excellent voice and always commands the
close attention of his audience. He is also a I'acile
and eflTective writer. He has frequently prepared the
resolutions for State and District Conventions, and
has written, to a considerable extent, for the daily
press. He has also performed considerable literary
labor of a general character. He has frequently lec-
tured before lyceunis and other literary societies, and
Dartmouth College has conferred upon him the hon-
orary degree of Master of Arts.

In August, 1860, he married Mary Anna Bailey,
daughter of Major Isaac Bailey, of Salisbury, N. H.
Of their six children, four are living, — Alice M.,
Kate C, William H. and Ralph E., aged respectively
twenty-four, nineteen, sixteen and thirteen years. In
religious faith he was reared an Episcopalian, but lor
many years has been identified with the Baptist
denomination.

'^i.<Knjj (jif. a//(r2^u>

CONCORD.

161

Dr. Gallinger is slightly above the medium height,
and is somewhat portly. He has always been strictly
temperate in his habits, and the happy results of his
abstemious life are apparent in his cheery and health-
ful countenance. He has a fine presence, a cordial,
hearty manner, and a pleasing, winning address. His
rare social qualities, abundant good-nature, keen sense
of humor and excellent conversational powers make
him a most agreeable companion, and few men in the
State enjoy a higher degree of personal popularity.
His many friends rejoice in his advancement and will
watch his future with interest and sympathy.

In the prime of manhood, in the full tide of health
and strength, about to abandon State aftairs for the
wider arena of national politics, a sketch of Dr. Gal-
linger's life, written at this date, is necessarily incom-
plete. The record of the most important and event-
ful part of his life-work must be left to the pen of
some future biographer. If the achievement of the past
may be taken as an index of the probabilities of the
future, he has before him a career of eminence, honor
and usefulness.

JAMES SHEPAED NOERIS.

Among the families whose names are prominent in
the colonial history of New England, and who have
shown energy, force of character, business acumen and
persistent industry, which have impressed themselves
on the present era by the perpetual labor of several
generations, must be particularly mentioned the
Norris family. The name appears frequently in the
annals of Epping, N. H., showing them to have been
active in the pioneer, colonial. Revolutionary, civil
and religious history of that town.

In 1741, as signers to a petition to His Excel-
lency, Benning Wentworth, His Majesty's Council, for
incorporation into a separate parish, are found the
names of James Norris, James Norris, Jr., and
Samuel Norris. As members of a Committee of
Safety are found the names of Joseph, John and
Moses Norris.

The town of Epping was incorporated February 12,
1741, and the first town-meeting was convened at the
farm-house of James Norris.

In the War of the Revolution James Norris was a
soldier, and in 1775 was promoted to rank of captain.

In 1779, Josiah Norris was chairman of the com-
mittee to audit the accounts of the town, and to pay
to the soldiers the sums raised as bounties.

In the list of representatives to the General Court,
in the ecclesiastical history of the town and in the
various records of public acts the name of this
family frequently appears. These men were tillers of
the soil, and became owners of large tracts of land,
which have been handed down from father to son,
each succeeding generation leaving thereon its im-
press of improvement and increased fertility. The
life of a plain farmer, with no startling events or
11

famous acts, is apt to be uneventful so far as the pur-
poses of a biographical sketch are concerned, and yet
these lives are the foundation and superstructure of
society. The line of descent is from John (1), James
(2), Thomas (3), James D. (4), to James Shepard (.5).

Thomas (3) was born February 14, 1743, and died
in 1840. His son, James D. (4), was born in Epping
April 23, 1785, and married Mary Pike Norris, who
was born in Epping July 2, 1785, and died October 6,
1828. The children of this union were Maria H.,
born June 16, 1809 ; James Shepard (5), born Decem-
ber 4, 1812 ; Mary E., born August 22, 1825.

James D. (4) succeeded to the farm of his fiither,
Thomas (3), and became one of the successful farmers
of the town, besides carrying on the lumber business
and the manufacture of barrels and shoe-boxes. He
was active in doing good, greatly interested in educa-
tional and religious matters, was a regular attendant
on public worship and lived a useful and exemplary
life. In his family relations he was tenderly affec-
tionate, as a friend and citizen was trusted and true,
and justly meriting the good opinion of all. He died
at his residence in Epping, August 9, 1857, and was
buried on the old homestead.

James Shepard (5), the subject of this sketch,
passed his boyhood on the old homestead farm, where
his lot was much like that of the farmer-boy of that
time, assisting in farm-work in the summer and
attending the common school in winter. His educa-
tional advantages were such as were afforded by the
district school, supplemented by two terms of private
instruction. At the age of twelve years young
Norris had become useful in general farm-work, and
as time progressed also went into the woods with his
father for timber, which was converted into lumber
at the saw-mill, owned partly by his father. Being
active in business, he was soon entrusted with the re-
sponsibility of hauling and marketing lumber, which
was transported by ox-teams to Newburyport, Mass.,
twenty-five miles distant. The teams were loaded
and ready for the start at three o'clock in the after-
noon, the journey being kept up through the silent
hours of the night and the journey's end reached
about sunrise the following morning. The lumber
was marketed during that day and the return journey
commenced after the load was sold out, and ordinarily
the arrival home would be in the afternoon of the
third day. Such was the routine during the lumber
season. In addition to these duties, he took charge of
the manufacture of lumber at the saw-mill, and,
during the absence of his father, was intrusted with
all the responsibilities incident to this varied busi-
ness.

About the year 1838, Mr. Norris commenced the
manufacture of shoes in Epping, which he continued
until 1847, when, by reason of the business, which
was too confining, his health failed. He came to
Concord and entered the employment of Ebenezer
Symmes, as salesman in the bread, cracker, pastry

162

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

and confectionery business, at a salary of twenty
dollars per month. This out-door occupation was
beneficial to his health, and in a short space of time,
having become thoroughly familiar with the selling
department of this business, and more or less con-
versant with the general business, he, in 1850, pur-
chased the business of Mr. Symmes and carried it on
so successftilly that in the course of a few years it
became necessary to put up additional buildings,
which were, when completed, supplied with modern
improvements for the economical transaction of the
business on a large scale.

In 1859, Mr. Norris suftered the loss of his build-
ings by a disastrous conflagration. Transferring the
larger part of his business to an unoccupied bakery
at Warner, N. H., he at once, with characteristic
energy, set about rebuilding, and in the brief space of
six months completed the work, and relinquishing
the Warner bakery, opened anew in Concord.

In May, 1864, Mr. Norris took into partnership Mr.
George W. Crockett, of Saubornton, N. H., and con-
tinued under the firm name of J. S. Norris & Co. until
1875, when Mr. Crockett retired, disposing of his in-
terest to Mr. Norris, who, the same year, transferred
it to his son, James C. Norris, and they continued un-
der the firm of J. S. Norris & Son for three years.
Having thus been actively and continuously engaged
in this business for thirty-one years, the unremitting
cares of which had undermined his health and made
rest and quiet imperative, Mr. Norris sold his interest
in the business to Mr. Crockett, his former partner,
and retired, and the firm since that date (1878) has
been Norris & Crockett.

Mr. Norris, during his successful business career,
has acquired valuable real estate in Concord, and is
now passing the evening of life surrounded by com-
forts and conveniences that are the legitimate fruits
of his careful and prudent business habits. Mr.
Norris has never been active in politics nor a seeker
after place or position, but since his first vote has
acted with the Democratic party. In religion he is a
Baptist, a member of the First Baptist Church of
Concord, and for many years one of its deacons. In
the improvement of this church building he made a
very liberal gift, and also contributed to the churches
in Epping and Suncook.

Mr. Norris is a valued member of the I. O. O. F.
and is also a Free-Mason, being a member of Blazing
Star Lodge, of Concord.

A man so successful in the management of his own
affairs would naturally be sought for counsel in the
financial affairs of his community, and we find him
acting as a director in the State Capital Bank, to
which position he was elected February 10, 1863.
He was also elected director of the National State
Capital Bank January 2, 1865, which position he has
held continuously to the present time. He is a
trustee and vice-president of the Loan and Trust
Savings-Bank, of Concord, and one of its investment

committee, and a trustee of the Centennial Home for

' the Aged, the existence of which institution is largely
due to his exertions. He has done much for the im-
provement of Concord, and has been ready to assist
in every good work, and has ever been a true friend

I to the poor. Me has been interested in education

1 and liberal in support of schools.

Such a life, unostentatious though it be, has a value

j not to be easily measured, and the world is much
better for such living.

In November, 1840, Mr. Norris married, first, Caro-
line M., daughter of Dr. Timothy and Sarah Hillard,
of Northwood, N. H., who died June 27, 1847, aged
thirty-one years, leaving a daughter, Ellen G., born
May 1, 1844, who married George W. Crockett.

September 24, 1850, Mr. Norris married, second,
Mary E., daughter of Wesley and Harriet Palmer, of
Concord. She was born January 23, 1829. From
this union there was born James C. (6), April 3, 1854,
who has succeeded to the business of his father and
is now at the head of the firm, and stands as one of
the flourishing and intelligent young business men of
Concord.

July 5, 1876, James C. (6) married Minnie Parker,
daughter of Augustus and Mary Jane Wiggin, of
Concord. She was born May 13, 1856. From this
union there have been Mabel Parker, born February
9, 1877 ; Orra, born November 24, 1878 ; Ethel, born
February 13, 1881 ; and James Shepard (7), born No-
vember 20, 1884.

Of the first wife of Mr. Norris (6) it may fittingly
be said that she was a help-meet, frugal and indus-
trious, and with untiring devotion and Christian love
aiding to the utmost in establishing a home in its
truest sense. She was devoted to her husband, her
child and her Saviour.

It was at the time when Mr. Norris (5) started out
for himself in the wider field at Concord that he
married Mary E. Palmer, and of her it may be said
that, while attending to the manifold duties of the
household, she has aided and encouraged her husband
in his struggle from poverty to aflluence, and now
shares with him the confidence and love of a large
circle of friends. She is a tender, loving wife, a true
Christian mother and a member of the First Baptist
Church of Concord.

GRANVILLE p. CONN.

Granville P. Conn, A.M., M.D., Concord, was born
in Hillsborough, Hillsborough County, January 25,
1832, and was the youngest of eight children of
William and Sarah (Priest) Conn. The paternal
ancestry was of Scotch-Irish origin, while on the
maternal side it was of English descent. His father
being a farmer, he resided at home until sixteen, at-
tending the common schools and in doing farm-work.
After this a few months at Francestown and Pem-
broke Academies was followed with two years at

TO^c^^riJ/^

^ u?^^^^-^

CONCORD.

162 a

Captain Alden Partridge's Military Institution, at
Norwich, Vt., witli an occasional term of teach
ing common and select schools in New Hampshire
and Vermont. At this time, and until 1852, he de-
voted his attention principally to fitting for the pro-
fession of civil engineering, which myopia and
general ill health compelled him to relinquish.

From this time until 1856 he read medicine in the
office of Dr. H. B. Brown, of Hartford, Vt., and
teaching mathematics several months during this
period at the academy in that village. After attend-
ing two courses of medical lectures at Woodstock,
Vt., and a third course at Dartmouth Medical Col-
lege, he received the degree of M.D. from the latter
institution in the class of 1856, with the late Professor
A. B. Crosby, of Hanover.

In 1880 Norwich University conferred the honorary
degree of A.M.

In 1856 he located at East Randolph, Vt., and re-
mained there until 1861, when he sold out and re-
moved to Richmond, Chittenden County, Vt.

He was commissioned assistant surgeon of the
Twelfth Regiment Vermont Volunteers, August 19,
1862, and was ordered to rendezvous at Brattleborough
at once, and, in connection with the late Surgeon
Phelps, of Windsor, Vt., instituted a United States
hospital of one thousand beds. A month later his
regiment came into the field, and with it he served in
Virginia during its nine months' service, first in the
Twenty-second Army Corps and afterwards with the
Second Vermont Brigade, was transferred to the First
Army Corps and was mustered out of the service
with the regiment at Brattleborough, Vt., July 14,
1863.

In the fall of 1863 he came to Concord, locating in
Ward 4, on North Main Street, where he has re-
mained ever since. For several years he was a
partner of Dr. Charles P. Gage, of Concord, and a
member of the local Board of Health. Afterwards,
for five years, he was city physician. Very soon
after commencing the practice of medicine he be-
came firmly convinced that a great many deaths
occurred from preventable causes, due in many in-
stances to ignorance of the laws of health, and that
physicians were often disappointed in obtaining
satisfactory results, by reason of inefficient nursing
and lack of attention to the hygiene of the sick-room.
Believing the State owed to the people a care of their
health, as well as of their morals, he commenced, in
1866, to agitate the question of cleaning up the city,
and there being an epidemic of cholera in Europe at
the time, he brought the matter to the attention of
the city otEcials, who passed an ordinance, drafted by
him, that secured a house-to-house inspection, the
first in the State. This was made under his direc-
tion, and a full record of the sanitary condition of
every building in the compact part of each ward in
tlie city wiis made early in the season, which resulted
in a general cleaning of courts, alleys, streets and

yards. The city at once took an advanced position
in sanitation, which it has always maintained, for
with the introduction of a water supply iu 1873 came
the necessity for a system of sewers, that was
promptly met by the city borrowing a large sum of
money to practically complete the system in 1876.

While city physician, circumstances occurred to
show that more care should be exercised in the burial
of the dead, and, in company with the city solicitor,
he advocated that a burial permit be required from
the city registrar before a body could be lawfully in-
terred.

The City Council passed an ordinance to that
effect, and since then substantially the same ordi-
nance has become the law of the State, and New
Hampshire undoubtedly secures quite as accurate
registration of deaths as any State in the Union.
His intimate connection with the hygiene of the city
of Concord rendered him more and more convinced
that the State should have and maintain an effective
supervision over the lives and the health of its citi-
zens, and that a State Board of Health was fully
as necessary an adjunct of the executive department
of New Hampshire as a bank, railroad, insurance or
fish commission ; for, while it is acknowledged by all
that the material interestof the State should be fostered
and pushed forward to compete with the industries
of other municipalities, yet, unless the causes of
sickness are reduced to the minimum, but little pro-
gress will be made ; therefore the watchful care of a
health department becomes a necessity in order to
render good health possible to the greatest number,
whose energy, vitality and working capacity become
the capital stock of the State, whose par value and
dividends can only be attained by having a sound
mind in a vigorous and sound body. For many years
he labored, with others, to secure for the people of
New Hampshire a State Board of Health, and to this
end he read papers on sanitation before the medical
profession, as well as contributed articles to the news-
papers on the necessity of hygienic reform ; for it was
evident to his mind that the State must be progres-
sive in matters pertaining to the health of her citi-
zens, else it would be impossible to retain her prestige
among other commonwealths, and in 1881 he had the
great pleasure of having the Legislature pass an act
giving his native State a Board of Health.

The bill establishing the board was drafted by him.
and is in many respects a model for any State of the
population and diversified interests that characterize
New Hampshire, while the few years the board has
been in existence proves that the whole subject was
thoroughly and carefully considered before being
presented to the Legislature ; for, while there is but
the slightest appearance of arbitary power, which is
so distasteful to a free and enlightened people, yet,
with the statute law then existing in the State and
the enactment of the bill establishiug a Board of
Health, it is doubtful if there is another Stale in tlio

162 b

HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Union whose health department creates less friction
in its practical work than it does in New Hampshire.
This is largely accomplished by taking it entirely out
of the domain of politics, and in making the secre-
tary a permanent oflBcer so long as his efficiency con-
tinues.

He was at once appointed a member of the board
for four years, and upon its organization was elected
its president, which office he now holds.

Although in active practice of his profession, he
has, by his industrious and systematic habits, done
considerable work for the board, contributing articles
upon ventilation and other subjects intimately con-
nected with hygiene, and he has represented the
board several times in conferences with sanitary au-
thorities and public health meetings.

At this time it may be considered an endorsement
of his work on the board, that he has received a re-
appointment for four years.

While a resident of Vermont he became an active
member of its State Medical Society, and a few years
since he was elected an honorary member of the same
association. He became a member of the New
Hampshire Medical Society in 1864, and in 1869 was
elected its secretary, which office he has, by the un-
animous vote of the association, held ever since,
except in the years 1880-81, when he was vice-presi-
dent and president of this venerable society, which
was organized in 1791. ,

It is well known that in voluntary associations of
this kind very much of their prosperity and efficiency
depend upon the executive ability and energy of its
secretary, and it is a matter of satisfaction to all who
know him that since he became its secretary the New
Hampshire Medical Society has increased in the num-
ber of its active members from sixty to over two hun-
dred and twenty-five, with an annual average attend-
ance of one hundred and twenty-five in place of less
than fifty in 1865. He is a member of the Centre
District and an honorary member of the Strafford
District Medical Society, as well as a member of the
American Public Health and the American Medical
Associations. He is also a member of tlie various
Masonic associations in Concord, and of Post E. E.
Sturtevant, G. A. R., of New Hampshire.

In 1877, and again in 1879, he was elected by the
people on the Board of Railroad Commissioners for
New Hampshire, this being the only time he has
taken any active part in politics.

AVhile railroad commissioner he made two reports
to the Legislature, in which he strongly advocated re-
forms in the commission and in the manner of the
roads making returns, that have since been adopted.
His early education as a civil engineer has always
made the construction and management of railways a
matter of interest to him, and he has always believed
that the progressive sjjirit of our country will yet ad-
vance American railways until they will become an
e.\ara|ile to the world of business pmspcrily. In this

connection it may be mentioned that, believing that
the prosperity of the State and its railroads depends
very much upon its being a summer resort for the
whole country, who come here for the purpose of
health and recreation, he has instituted a system of
railway sanitation and inspections that the manage-
ments of the roads nobly second, and which, by the
watchful care of the State Board of Health over the
railway stations, cars and hotels, will increase the
confidence of the traveling public in assuring them
that it is the desire of the people of New Hampshire
to keep the hills and valleys of the Granite State free
from the contaminating influences of waste and effete
matter, in order that the summer visitor may return
to his home with firm health and renewed vitality in
return for the pecuniary consideration of a few days
or weeks in the State.

In 1858, while a resident of Vermont, he married
Miss Helen M. Sprague, of East Randolph, in that
State, and has two children.

GEORGE W. ELA.

George W. Ela, a native of Portsmouth, N. H.,
born January 18, 1807, was the third son of Joseph
and Sarah (Emerson) Ela, and the sixth of a family
of nine children. The first sixteen years of his life
were spent at his paternal home, occupied, when not
attending the town schools, on his father's farm and
in the tannery which his father carried on as a reg-
ular occupation. This period of his life was without
noticeable incident, if we except what he insists was
the foundation-stone of his future, — when, in his
fifteenth year (1822), he was taken from school, and,
by an arrangement of his father with other land-
owners in Grafton County, was sent to Lisbon, with
his surveying instruments, to confirm or correct the
lines of the original survey, involving titles to lands
in that town, and, to some extent, the boundaries of
the adjacent towns of Littleton and Lyman. The
object was accomplished alter much labor, and in
that season a plan made and returned to the pro-
prietors, much to their satisfaction ; and their entire
approbation and their flattering praise of his per-
severance and success gave him confidence in his
own powers and secured theirs in his executive ability,
which never abated while they lived.

In that year, by an arrangement with Hill &
Moore, publishers of the New Hampshire Patriot, at
Concord, — the famed Republican organ of that day,
afterward more famous as the organ of the Jackson
portion of that party, — Ela was to enter their office
as an apprentice in the printing trade. The latter
part of that yeaf the copartnership of Hill & Moore
was dissolved, Isaac Hill retaining the Patriot and
Jacob B. Moore establishing a new printing-office —
subsequently establishing the New Hampshire Journal,
as the organ of the Adams wing of the Republican
party of that day. In January, 1823, Mr. Ela entered

CONCOKU.

162 c

the office of Jacob B. Moore as an apprentice and
continued there during his minority, excepting a
few months of the last of his term, when, by an
arrangement of all parties interested, he went to
Dover, N. H. He then started the Dover Enquirer,
which the supporters of Mr. Adams in the na-
tional political contest, then beginning to be inter-
esting, had determined to establish iu that locality.
After a few months Mr. Ela became, by degrees, the
proprietor, publisher, printer and editor, continuing
in that relation — the latter part of the time in con-
nection with the late lamented George Wadleigh —
for a period of about three years. Many of the present
generation of politicians will remember the influence
which that paper exerted in political circles in the
State, which was well maintained by Mr. Wadleigh,
who succeeded Mr. Ela and continued in its manage-
ment for a long series of years. Mr. Ela then re-
turned to Concord for the purpose of consolidating
the Statesman and Concord Reguter and the New
Hampshire Journal, as a political measure, and, in the
year 1831, commenced the publication of the States-
man in connection with the late Asa McFarland, who
retired after about two years. Mr. Ela continued the
paper, as sole proprietor, for several years, and sub-
sequently in connection with the late Hon. Jacob H.
Ela, who had, in the mean time, served an apprentice-
ship in the Statesman office, which was commenced
and continued while he remained a member of Mr.
Ela's family. Thus Mr. Ela was brought into the
forties, — after unremitting labors of more than twenty
years in the printing-office, with all the duties and
customs connected with the public press and political
parties — before the days of the last two generations.
He commenced with these duties when the printers'
devil was expected to know everything, do everything,
know everybody and be everywhere — to be stoker,
messenger, newsboy and, perhaps, caterer to his mas-
ter's table. It was a substantial relief to advance a
peg to the position of compositor or pressman or any
other labor in the office, when, too, the last called
for the most muscular and expert workmen, for at
that time a power press was not known in New
England, the work being all done on that wonderful
screw arrangement, the invention of Adam Ramage.
Even the ink-spreading process was accomplished
with balls, the composition roller, which subsequently
took their place, being then unknown. The Wells
press — the lever — was invented a short time previous,
about 1820. Few of the craft of the present day have
any definite idea of the mode of printing of that time.
In this connection Mr. Ela mentions the fact that all
the paper then used was made in that primitive mode
of dipping from the vat on a hand-screen, sheet by
sheet, the pulp of which they were formed, and that
the revolutions which have succeeded from time to
time in that line are as wonderful as the many other
advances in art and science and mechanical inven-
tions.

Mr. Ela, while yet an apprentice, became acquainted
with many of the business men and politicians of the
State, and more especially in the county of Merri-
mack. Mr. Jacob B. Moore, with whom he was ap-
prenticed, was a publisher and bookseller, as well as
editor of the New Hampshire Journal, and, a few
months after the formation of the county of Merri-
mack (1823), was appointed register of deeds, and con-
tinued in that office, by subsequent elections, several
years. Mr. Ela much of the time was acting as clerk
in the bookstore and in the registry, often, in the
absence of the principal, in the entire charge of the
whole concern. Business, custom and convenience
made the place a resort of the active men visiting the
capital of the State and the shire of the county. While
yet in his minority he was frequently employed as
reporter of the proceedings of the Legislature, which
position he afterward continued for a period of some
fifteen years. These employments, incident to his
early situations and continued while proprietor and
editor of the Enquirer and Statesman, gave him an
extensive acquaintance, most of whom, in the early
part of his life, were fully twenty years his seniors —
notably so with the politicians. He was a Whig in
politics, as may reasonably be inferred from his po-
sitions, — active, energetic and influential, — acting in
responsible positions often, at times aa chairman of
the State Central Committee. He was prominent in
the campaign which seated General Harrison in the
Presidential chair, as also in that which so nearly
elected Henry Clay. Mr. Ela's position brought him
in contact with many public men of fifty years ago of
national fame as well as of local distinction, — with
some in a formal way and as a matter of ceremony,
but with many in a more sociable and intimate rela-
tion. He relates many interesting and valuable
reminiscences which an attentive observation has se-
cured and an active mind treasured, and this charac-
teristic has brought him to be regarded as an author-
ity iu matters of history in his time. He was present
in the procession of school-boys in Portsmouth when
James Monroe, then President of the United States,
visited that ancient town, and he has known every
President from that time down to Garfield. A winter
in Washington, forty-five years since, secured him the
acquaintance of most of the prominent men there at
that time. With the press and its managers he had
a more intimate acquaintance, which extends back to
when Boston was a town of some thirty thousand in-
habitants, more or less, with its Board of Selectmen,
holding its town-meetings and transacting its town
business in Faneuil Hall, electing its fifty or sixty
representatives to the General Court ; when it had
not a single daily, and Nathan Hale, of the Advertiser,
Benjamin Russell, of the Centinel, and Joseph T.
Buckingham, of the Courier, were the guides of public
opinion and maintained the dignity of the common-
wealth. The New York celebrities were Nathaniel
H. Custer, of the Statum; Mordecai M. Noah, of the

162 d

HISTOEY OF MEERIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

New York Enquirer; William L. Stone, of the Com-
mercial Advertiser; and, subsequently, James Gordon
Bennett, of the Herald; James Watson Webb, of the
Courier; Horace Greeley, of the Tribune; James

Brooks, of the , with all of whom he was more

or less intimately acquainted.

Mr. Ela, finding his health failing, in 1844, on the
advice of his physician, abandoned his connection
with the press. Since then he has spent much of
his time on his farm at AUenatovvn, an acquisition
which he made a few years previous, and has devoted
much attention to agricultural pursuits. And now,
as the traveler passes along the highway over his ex-
tensive domain, covered with a growth of pine tim-
ber, the equal of which is rarely to be found in this
State at least, he may often see the tall, straight form
of the proprietor, clothed in rustic garb, alone or
with workmen, — or with company, as it may happen,
— attending to the interests connected therewith ;
sometimes in the corn-field, then examining the
herd, perchance among the hay-makers, or directing
and participating in whatever may be on hand at the
moment ; showing the evidence of age, yet with an
alacrity perplexing to the stranger when told that the
object of his observation is so closely approaching
the age of eighty years, having endured forty years
of active life since condemned as an invalid without
hope of recovery. He is ever active, rising with the
dawn, attending to whatever duties are in hand,
whether it leads him to the stock-yard or the ofiice-
table. He is not confined to his farm in his labors ;
he has other interests, somewhat extensive, and other
labors call him on frequent journeys, although it is
apparent that his activity and his power of endur-
ance have, in some degree, abated.

Mr. Ela married Mary Adelaide Lane, of Sutton, by
whom he had three children, — two sons .and a daugh-
ter. The latter died in infancy. Major Robert L.
Ela served in the War of the Rebellion, in the Sixth
Regiment New Hampshire Volunteers. He was se-
verely wounded in the second battle of Bull Run and
again in the crater at Petersburg, into which he led
his regiment, commanding. He recovered to some
extent and served throughout the war, and now re-
sides in California.

Captain Richard Ela also served his country in the
War of the Rebellion, and was killed at Drury'
Bluft" on the James, below Richmond, while leading
a charge on the enemy's works.

CAPTAIN RICHARD ELA.

The most costly sacrifice New Hampshire made for
the preservation of the Union was that of her young
men. From her cities and towns, colleges and
schools they came, strong and brave, to fill and refill
her regiments, and they fell by hundreds. Captain
Richard Ela was one of these. He was twenty-one
years old when he entered the army, and he was

killed in battle three months before his term of
service would have expired. Brief as was his life,
the story of it is worthy to be told, for it was well
lived. He possessed an even temperament and a dis-
position cheerful almost to gayety. To his passing
friends he may have seemed to take life carelessly ;
but beneath the jovial surface was a grave and earnest
element which governed his character, and when the
time which tried men's souls came, it was shown that
he was controlled by an abiding purpose to accept
the work that fell to him, and do it well.

Richard was the second son of George W. and
Adelaide Lane Ela, and was born at Concord Feb-
ruary 12, 1840. His mother died when he was three
years old, and his childhood was spent partly with his
father and partly with his grandfather. Dr. Robert
Lane, of Sutton. After the public schools, the most
of his school-life was spent at the academy at Frank-
lin, although he attended, for shorter periods, the
academies at Pembroke, New London and Meriden,
and graduated from the latter in the summer of 1858.
He determined to begin at once the study of his pro-
fession, and accordingly entered the law-office of
George & Foster, at Concord, with whom he com-
pleted his professional studies ; also attending lectures
at the Harvard Law School.

He was physically strong, vigorous and active, and
naturally an adept in athletic sports. He had a
special liking for military exercise.

When the war cloud broke, and the call to arms
was sounded, it was impossible that he should prove
indifferent. Patriotism and military ardor alike
urged an immediate response, and, August 22, 1861,
he was mustered into the service as first lieutenant of
Company E, Third Regiment New Hampshire
Volunteers.

About this time he was admitted as a member of
the Merrimack County bar. He entered the service
with enthusiasm ; but events prr ved that he was also
moved by a profound faith in the righteousness of
his cause, and a steadfast purpose to do his every
duty. His introduction to real soldiering was as
oflicer of the guard while the regiment was on the
way from Concord to Camp Sherman, Long Island,
N. Y. While at this camp he was appointed judge
advocate of the regiment.

The Third was with General Sherman at Hilton
Head, and was among the first to land.

Lieutenant Ela was in command of two companies ;
was detached and ordered on an expedition to the
plantation of General Graham, the rebel commander,
for the purpose of securing the person of that officer
and the papers at headquarters.

The general was not to be found. In other respects
the expedition was successful.

For many months the regiment rem.ained at Hilton
Head. Sickness visited them, and this, with some
being detailed for duty elsewhere, so reduced the
number of officers that for six months, with few ex-

v^i.

CONCORD.

162 e

ceptions, he was the only officer with his company.
The monotony was at length broken by an expedition
towards Savannah. It amounted to but little, how-
ever, save to plant the first Union flag on Georgia
soil.

Soon after, in an expedition to the mainland,
Lieutenant Ela was ordered to cut ofl' and capture
the enemy's pickets at a certain station, which was
accomplished. The next day the regiment moved
further inland, and his company, deployed as skir-
mishers going up and rear-guard in returning, had
some sharp skirmishing with the enemy. "This," he
says, " was the first time we had heard the whistle of
rebel bullets."

During