History of Methodism in eastern British America : including Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Bermuda

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HISTORY OF

METHODISM

IN

EASTERN BRITISH AMERICA

INCLUDING NOVA SCOTIA, NEW BRUNSWICK

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND
NEWFOUNDLAND AND BERMUDA

FROM THE BEGINNING TILL THE CONSUMMATION

OF UNION WITH THE PRESBYTERIAN AND

CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES IN 1925

BY D. W. JOHNSON

OF THE NOVA SCOTIA CONFERENCE, EX-EDITOR OF THE WESLEYAN

PRINTED BY

THE TRIBUNE PRINTING CO., LTD.
SACKVILLE. NEW BRUNSWICK

1 1 '•

CONTENTS

Chapter Page

1. The Genesis of Methodism 7

2. Nova Scotia Conference following circuit order as in Year
Book of 1924 14

3. New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island, including Bible
Christians in P. B. I 140

4. Newfoundland Conference, including Labrador and Education

in Newfoundland 241

5. Methodism in Bermuda 348

6. Mount Allison Institution's 364

7. Wesleyan and Book Room 391

8. Church Union 397

9. Woman's Missionary Society 403

10. Home and Foreign Missions 413

11. Appendices —

A. The Constitution and Personnel of the Eastern British Amer
ica Conference— 1855 to 1874 416

B. Nova Scotia Conference names and figures 419

C. N. B. and P. E. I. Conference names and figures — 426

D. Newfoundland Conference names and figures 432

E. Supernumeraries in Different Conferences 439

F. Deceased Ministers and Years of Service 442

G. Conference Meeting Places and Officials 446

PREFACE

Reaching a crisis in the history of our Church, when it was
about to become a part of the United Church of Canada, it was
thought desirable by the Conferences of Eastern British America
that a history of Methodism in this territory should be prepared
especially dealing with the past fifty years extending from the
date at which the late Dr. T. Watson Smith's excellent History
of Methodism in Eastern British America ended. We were re
quested to undertake this task and consented to do so. As our
investigations developed, we concluded that it would be wise to
produce, in one volume, a summary of the history of Methodism
in this territory from the beginning to the present momentous
period (1925) when the long proposed union of the Presbyterian,
Methodist and Congregational Churches in Canada is about to
be accomplished, and we have acted accordingly. In doing so,
after an introductory chapter on "The Genesis of Methodism",
we have proceeded to consider the progress of the separate east
ern Conferences and to give, as far as possible, a summary of
the history of every circuit, for convenience sake following the
order in which they appear in the Year Book, except that Ber
muda notes follow those on Newfoundland. By this arrangement,
the record of any circuit can be easily found. Following this, are
chapters on The Mount Allison Institutions, Wesleyan and Book
Room, Church Union, Woman's Missionary Society and Home
and Foreign Missions.

The Appendices are extended, giving the names of all candi
dates who have been admitted to the ministry in these Confer
ences since 1855 and what became of them. The preparation of
these tables has entailed much labor. No doubt some discrepan
cies will be found.

In preparing this volume we have traversed more than fifty
years of Wesleyan files ; Minutes of the old E. B. A. Conference,
and of the three succeeding Conferences from 1874 to the pre
sent; Missionary Reports; Academy, Ladies' College and Uni
versity Calendars from their beginnings; Argosy files, many dis
trict books and other documents.

We are much indebted to Dr. Smith's "History of Metho
dism in Eastern British America"; Wilson's "Newfoundland and
its Missionaries"; "Cornish's Cyclopedia of Methodism in Can-

ada"; Selby Jefferson's "Centenary Volume of Bermuda Metho
dism" ; "The Chignecto Isthmus and Its First Settlers", by True-
man; Angwin's "Methodism in Cape Breton"; Lench's local his
tories of Districts in Newfoundland; "Centennial of Canadian
Methodism" ; "Centenary of Methodism in Eastern British Amer
ica"; Lives of William Black by Richey and MacLean; "Francis
Metherall and his work"; Robert Wilson's "Methodism in the
Maritime Provinces"; Young's "A Missionary's Work in Labra
dor", and many local histories.

We are also indebted to those who have responded to our
appeals for historical data but regret that many appeals were
like Noah's third dove which did not return.

CHAPTER I

THE GENESIS OF METHODISM

As it was said of Jesus that He "was born of a woman," so
it might be said of Methodism. Whilst John Wesley is rightly
revered as its earthly founder, it should never be forgotten that
he had a very remarkable mother, not only because she was the
mother of so .many, but also because of the impress she made
upon them, especially upon John and Charles. It will be remem
bered that when John was five years of age he very narrowly
escaped death by the burning of Epworth parsonage. He was
the last to be rescued and that just as the roof was falling. From
that time his mother seems to have devoted particular attention
to his education and when he was eight years of age she made
special mention of him in one of the entries of her diary in which
she said:

"And I do intend to be more particularly careful of the soul
of this child that Thou hast so mercifully provided for than ever
I have been; that I may do my endeavor to instil into his mind
the principles of Thy true religion and virtue. Lord, give me
grace to do it sincerely and prudently, and bless my attempts
with good success."

With equal truth it might be said that Methodism was born
of God.

Having premised this much, we note that, since its birth,
Methodism has been an evolution. It is not a mere mechanism,
constructed after an already chosen pattern. It is a life. It is
a leaven which has grown by contagion. Like early Christianity
it spread by persecution. It is sometimes called an off-shoot
from Anglicanism, but it is nearer the truth to say that it was
shot-off from Anglicanism. Refused the parish churches, its
preachers betook themselves to the open spaces, the highways
and hedges, and constrained multitudes to enter the kingdom
It found its way into the army and the navy and went with them
into other lands and over distant seas, and wherever it went it
made a lodgement and began to grow.

No real census can be made of Methodism. By its hymns
and by its preaching it has found its way into all other Christian

HISTORY OF METHODISM

communions and has leavened their theologies until they have
largely become assimilated to itself in doctrine. No longer is
kell paved with the skulls of non-elect infants not a span long,
and no longer is any poor sinner arbitrarily consigned to the
limbo of the lost.

It would be interesting to trace tl* beginnings of Methodism
in every land, but our task has to do with its history in what is
known as Eastern British America.

It is of much interest to note that Methodism in Canada
began in a very central and historic community, the Yorkshire
Methodists who came to this country from 1772 to 1775 settling
in Amherst, Point de Bute, and Sackville, on, and on either side
of, the present boundary between Nova Scotia and New Bruns
wick. Here they met in prayer and fellowship meetings, without
a pastor, but faithful to the vows which they had taken upon
themselves in the Old Land. Here William Black was converted
and, in 1780, began to exercise his gifts in exhortation until he
was soon thrust out by the Spirit to preach the gospel of salva
tion to the neighboring communities, and to gradually extend
his ministry over practically the whole of the Maritime Provin
ces, and to visit the ancient colony of Newfoundland with such
an inspiring ministry as greatly to revive the work of grace be
gun under the pioneer ministry of Laurence Coughlan, in that
first outpost of the British Empire.

In this central community of the Maritime Provinces the
first two Methodist Churches in Canada were erected, the firsfc
at Point de Bute, opened and deeded to John Wesley, in 1788,
and the second at Sackville, in 1790, dedicated by the Rev. James
Mann, who, with his brother John, came from New York to Shel-
burne, N. S., in 1783.

We said this birthplace of Methodism in Canada was an his
toric spot and so it is for here was the site of old Fort Beause-
jour (now Fort Cumberland) , the strongest fort in Acadia, where
the French made one of their last vain efforts to prevent the per
manent establishment of British rule in Canada. The remains
of the old fortification, with the memorial cairn recently erected
by the Federal Government, are within three miles of the old
cemetery at Point de Bute in which the first Methodist Church
in Canada stood.

Methodism, as an organized communion, in this country,
first took form as a District of the British Wesleyan Methodist
Conference, under the supervision of the Missionary Committee.

THE GENESIS OF 'METHODISM

Its ministers were appointed by the British Conference and, for
many years, generous grants were made by the Home Land to
wards the support of the work throughout this scattered and then
thinly populated country. This supervision and control con
tinued until 1855, when the circuits in the constituency (N. S.,
N. B., P. E. I., Nfld., and Bermuda), having increased to about
seventy, the ministers and probationers to about eighty, and the
membership to 13,136, with 587 on trial, the districts were or
ganized into a Conference, known as the Wesleyan Methodist
Connexion, or Church, of Eastern British America. The Pastoral
Address of that year, said: "The desiderated formation of an
Eastern British American Conference, no longer an object ot
anticipation, is now an important fact. All our societies within
the territorial limits of the new organization, which have hither
to existed as dependent and isolated districts, under the man
agement and direction of the Wesleyan Missionary Society, are
thus constituted a distinct Connexion, or Church, having received
from the parent body a formal investiture of the attributes and
privileges appropriate to the ecclesiastical position which we are
now called to sustain in an affiliated relation to the English Con
ference."

The British Conference sent out the Rev. John Beecham,
D. D., to preside, as President, and to assist in the organization,
and his services were most highly appreciated. Rev. Matthew
Richey, D. D., was elected Co-Delegate (associate President),
and Rev. William Temple (father of the late Rev. R. A. Temple)
as Secretary. It will be of interest to note that, at that initial
Conference, the following were ordained: Thomas Albrighton,
Alexander B. Black, Frederick W. Moore, Joseph Herbert Starr,
and William Tweedy (father of Prof. W. M. Tweedie). Of the
probationers, Thomas Gaetz (brother of Revs. Joseph and Leon
ard) , Alexander McL. DesBrisay, John Phinney, Paul Prestwood
(father of Rev. John W.), John W. Sponagle (father of Dr. J. A.
of Middleton, N. S.) , and Charles Stewart (known in all the
churches) had travelled three years. James Burns, Duncan D.
Currie, Robert Duncan, Charles Gaskin, Joseph Hart (brother
of Revs. Thos. D. and James R.), Hezekiah McKeown (father
of Chief Justice McKeown and Mrs. (Rev.) G. M. Campbell),
William McKinnon, George B. Payson (father of Mrs. H. A.
Powell, St. John) , and Robert Tweedy (brother of Revs. William
and James) , had travelled two years. Samuel Avery, George S.
Milligan, M. A. (illustrious name in Newfoundland), Thomas B.

10 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Smith (father of the late Prof. Alfred D. Smith), and Thomas
Harris (father of Mrs. (Rev.) C. Lench) had travelled one year.
William Alcorn (father of Mrs. Dr. A. C. Borden and Miss Al-
corn, missionary to Japan), and James Tweedy (father of Judge
T. M. Tweedie of Alberta) were received on trial. The full list
of the members of this first Conference will be found in Appendix
A of this volume.

Referring to one of the probationers of this Conference, it
may be noted that ministers, as well as other people, are subject
to fashions. It was the custom then for ministers to wear heavy
side whiskers, or whiskers all round, except a mustache which
was anathema. When Robert Tweedy appeared as a candidate,
the venerable inquisitors were horrified to find that he wore a
heavy mustache but they condescended to examine him and
found nothing to bar him from the sacred enclosure except his
offending mustache. They so reported to the Conference, recom
mending his acceptance subject to the elimination of the hirsute
offender. A committee was appointed to wait upon the young
brother to acquaint him with the momentous decision, but he
refused to comply with the .conditions, at the same time giving
the heterodox adornment a pull to show that it was real, and
then announcing that God had put it there and man should not
rend it asunder. That seemed a difficult statement to answer and
a deadlock appeared to be imminent when one of the committee
(evidently an opportunist) suggested, as a compromise, that the
young brother should submit to have the offending projection
trimmed rather short, to which he agreed, and the committee re
ported that the candidate had complied with the spirit of the law
and would no doubt presently see his way clear to fully conform
to the established usage of the Conference and he was accepted.
The sequel is of equal interest. Shortly afterwards an eruption
occurred on the upper lip of the chief reverend contender for the
excision so that he could not shave and he was forced, for a time,
to grow a mustache. The chronicles do not record this as a judg
ment, but it is said that the incident caused much amusement
among the brethren.

At that first Conference, steps were taken for the organiza
tion of a "fund towards the support of the Worn-Out Ministers
and their families." The Committee was headed by the Rev.
Humphrey Pickard, M.A., to whose constructive and executive
ability, persevering endeavor, and dauntless leadership, the
Methodist Church, in these provinces, is so greatly indebted,

THE .GENIE-SIS OF (METHODISM 11

having associated with him the Revs. Frederick Smallwood,
Charles Churchill, Roland Morton (father of Dr. Arthur D.),
and Michael Pickles (father of Revs. Fletcher, John, and Fred),
and the Messrs. George H. Starr, Halifax; Hon. Judge Wilmot,
Fredericton; John Smith, Charlottetown ; Nicholas Mosher, New
port, N. S., and John Humphrey, Monckton; Mr. Gilbert T. Ray,
St. John, and Rev. Richard Knight (grandfather of Rev. M. R.),
treasurers, and Rev. W. I. Cardy, Secretary.

Much attention was also given to Mount Allison, Book
Room and Wesleyan, and other affairs which had come upon the
organized Conference as new responsibilities. This first Confer
ence met in Halifax on July 17th, 1855; the second session in St.
John, on June 18th, 1856, and the third in Sackville on June
24th, 1857.

The Eastern British American Conference continued in af
filiation with the British Wesleyan Conference till 1874, when
negotiations, commenced in the previous year, resulted in the
union of the Conference of Eastern British America with the
Wesleyan Methodist Conference of Canada (all west of N. B.),
and the New Connexion Methodist Church of Canada. As there
were none of the latter in E. B. A., the union did not affect the
eastern work either territorially or numerically. At the union, ar
rangements were made for a General Conference meeting once in
four years, and for the division of existing Conferences, of which
there were to be three in the east as have continued to prevail
from 1874 to the present.

The last session of the old E. B. A. Conference was held in
Charlottetown, commencing on June 25th, 1874, with the Rev.
John McMurray, President; Rev. George S. Milligan, M.A., Co-
Delegate, and Rev. James Taylor, Secretary. The general work
of the Conference, including the stationing of the Ministers, was
transacted before the division of the Conference into three — the
Nova Scotia Conference, the New Brunswick and Prince Edward
Island Conference, and the Newfoundland Conference — was
made. This was an occasion of much interest to all candidates
and moving men as it would largely determine the province, or
provinces, in which the future of their ministry would be exercis
ed.

Up till this time, this eastern work had been affiliated with
the British Conference and had received assistance from it. This
territory now became altogether independent of British Method
ism, as a portion of the independent and self-supporting Method-

12 HISTORY OF METHODISM

ist Church of Canada. In severing the connection, the Confer
ence, by formal resolution, expressed its high appreciation of the
cordial and generous assistance which the Parent Church had
continued to render to Methodist work ever since its beginning in
these provinces. The Revs. Charles Stewart, D.D., and Hum
phrey Pickard, D.D., who had been sent to the British Confer
ence of the previous year to confer with it on the project of Can
adian union, received the thanks of Conference for the judicious
and successful manner in which they had carried out their com
mission. The Methodist Episcopal Conference of the United
States sent Revs. W. R. Clark, D.D., and W. H. Elliot, honored
and eloquent representatives, to wish the Conference God-speed
in its new venture. The closing exercises of this momentous Con
ference were most impressive as old comrades bade one another
an affectionate farewell. On the morning of the last day it was
ordered that "Those members of the Conference who, by the sta
tion sheet just read, are appointed to Nova Scotia, shall meet in
this church this afternoon at 3 o'clock, to organize as the Nova
Scotia Conference; and, in like manner those who are appointed
to N. B. and P. E. Island, in the school room, at the same time,
to organize as the NewBrunswick and P. E. Island Conference;
and those appointed to the St. John's, and Carbonear Districts,
Newfoundland, as soon as practicable, at the call of the Co-Dele
gate of this Conference, to organize as the Newfoundland Annual
Conference, and that the minutes of these meetings be published
with the minutes just read, as authorized supplements thereto."

The period of nineteen years between the organization of the
Eastern British American Conference of 1855 and its division in
to three in 1874 was very prosperous and fruitful in many addi
tions to the Church. The circuits had increased from seventy to
one hundred and eighty-one ; the membership from thirteen thou
sand, one hundred and thirty-six, with five hundred and eighty-
seven on trial, to seventeen thousand, five hundred and ten with
three thousand, three hundred and seventy on trial, and the num
ber of ministers from sixty-nine to one hundred and forty-five,
with seventy-three probationers.

Before referring in detail to the history of the individual
Conferences since 1874, we notice that another union took place
in 1884, when the Methodist Church of Canada, the Methodist
Episcopal Church in Canada, the Primitive Methodist Church
in Canada, and the Bible Christian Church in Canada joined
forces forming what has since been known as The Methodist

THE GENESIS OF METHODISM 13

Church. The only Conference in the east numerically af
fected by this union was that of N. B. and P. E. I., as the Bible
Christian Church had a number of Congregations in Prince Ed
ward Island and they brought in four ministers, five hundred and
forty-eight members and fifteen on trial.

This union of 1884 was not easily brought about. There was
much debate and strenuous opposition. In at least one Confer
ence of the Methodist Church of Canada, (London) there was a
majority in opposition but the great majority of the laymen, in
the church at large, favored the union. Radical changes were to
be made. Laymen were to come into the annual Conferences in
equal numbers with the ministers and other important innova
tions were to be introduced. In the eastern Conferences, the vote
in the Quarterly Official Boards was as follows: Nova Scotia for
ty-six for, sixteen against, and one tie; New Brunswick and
Prince Edward Island fifty-five for, two against and one tie;
Newfoundland nine for and two against. In the Conferences,
which were then composed entirely of ministers, the vote was as
follows; N. S., thirty-four for and thirty-one against; N. B., and
and P. E. I., forty for and twenty-eight against; Nfld. twenty-six
for and three against. Whatever may have been the fears and
opposition, it was not long before there was complete unanimity
in the conviction that the union was of God and general satisfac
tion was felt because Methodism had become one from the east
ern shores of Newfoundland to the western coast of Vancouver
Island. In our Churches and Conferences, conscientious oppon
ents to the union, like their successors in the Methodist Confer
ences to-day (1924) with reference to the greater union now
about to be accomplished, with fine loyalty to constitutional us
ages, gracefully bowed to the majorities and manfully accepted
the inevitable.

We now proceed to consider the progress of the separate eas
tern Conferences and to give, as far as possible, a summary of
history of their circuits, for convenience sake following the order
in which they appear in the Year Book, except that notes on Ber
muda will be found following those on Newfoundland.

14 HISTORY O(F METHODISM

CHAPTER II

NOVA SCOTIA CONFERENCE

In the organization of the Nova Scotia Conference, which
took place in 1874 at the conclusion of the last session of the old
Eastern British America Conference, held in Charlottetown, Rev.
John McMurray, who was the last President of the E. B. A. Con
ference, was elected President and Rev. R. Alder Temple, Secre
tary. The Conference was divided into six Districts — Halifax,
Truro, Cumberland, Guysboro and Cape Breton, Annapolis, and
Liverpool, the respective Chairmen being Revs. J. McMurray,
W. C. Brown, R. Tweedy, Elias Brettle, J. England, Richard
Smith, with Fin. Secretaries as follows: Revs. C. Jost, J. Shenton,
A. D. Morton, J. G. Angwin, S. F. Huestis, and Joseph Gaetz.

The ministers elected to General Conference were Revs. J.
McMurray, S. F. Huestis, A. W. Nicolson, R. A. Temple, J. Eng
land, J. Lathern, R. Smith, L. Gaetz and E. Brettle, with W. C.
Brown as alternate.

The lay-delegates elected by the Districts were Hon. S. L.
Shannon, W. H. Allison, I. Longworth, 0. Langille, Minor Tup-
per, E. C. Foster, T. M. Lewis, and J. N. Freeman, with W. B.
McNutt and Abner Hart as alternates.

Rev. S. F. Huestis was elected to the Missionary Board and
Rev. A. W. Nicolson to the Transfer Committee.

Amongst other prominent laymen on the Missionary and
other committees appear the names of D. Henry Starr, S. Rettie,
Charles Northup, F. A. Donkin, T. Hodgson, R. B. Huestis, J. S.
MacNeill, J. B. Morrow, G. H. Starr, W. H. Webb, James Mosh-
er, F. Gardiner, C. H. M. Black, S. H. Black, J. W. Caldwell, J.
Sterling, Wm. Harris, and J. North. Rev. J. G. Angwin was
Sec'y of the Church Property and Parsonage Aid and also of the
Contingent Fund; Rev. W. H. Heartz and J. B. Morrow were
treasurers of the latter; Revs. J. Read and S. F. Huestis, Secre
taries, and Rev. J. Lathern and G. H. Starr, treasurers of the
Missionary Committee; Rev. C. Jost, Secretary of examining
board; Rev. A. W. Nicolson, Secretary of Supernumerary Fund,
and Rev. W. C. Brown and W. H. Webb, treasurers; Rev. F. H.
W. Pickles, secretary and Rev. J. A. Rogers and W. B. McNutt,
treasurers of the Educational Committee ; Rev. A. S. Tuttle, sec-

NOVA SCOTIA 15

retary of the Sunday School Committee, and Rev. A. D. Morton,
secretary of the Children's Fund, with Rev. L. Gaetz as treasur
er. Rev. A. W. Nicolson was Book Steward and Editor. A full
list of the members and probationers of the N. S., Conference, as
constituted in 1874, will be found in Appendix C at the close of
this volume.

As has been intimated, the N. S. Conference started, in 1874,
with six Districts. In 1876, the Yarmouth District was formed
from a portion of the Liverpool District. In 1886, Bermuda was
cut off from Halifax and formed into a separate District. In
1895, two more Districts were organized, Windsor being formed
from a portion of Halifax and one circuit from Annapolis. The
Guysboro and Cape Breton District was divided, one portion be
ing called Guysboro and the other Sydney, making ten Districts
in the Conference.

The Nova Scotia Conference began its work in 1874 with
seventy-seven circuits, on which were six thousand, nine hun
dred and fifty-nine church members with five hundred and nine
ty-six on trial. These were cared for by ninety-four ministers,
of whom fifty-six were ordained, seventeen were supernumeraries
and twenty-one probationers for the ministry. Ten years later,
at the union of 1884, there were eighty-five circuits, on which
there were ten thousand and eight communicants, with five hun
dred and three on trial, whose spiritual interests were attended to
by 108 ministers, twenty of whom were supernumeraries and six
teen probationers. It will be seen that those ten years were fruit
ful in bringing many new members into the Church. After de
ductions from deaths, removals, and other causes the net increase
in full membership was three thousand and forty-nine. Many
gracious revivals took place and it is doubtful if in any other ten
years of the history of the Conference such proportional pro
gress has been made.

A few comparisons here may be of interest. In 1874, there
were seventy-seven circuits and missions on the station-sheet. In
1924, there were one hundred and six. In the former year there
were eight appointments to be supplied; in the latter year there
were seventeen. In 1874. with a smaller conference, there were
more than twenty probationers; in 1924, there were only eight,
showing that fewer young men were offering for the ministry.
Seventeen places in 1924 were supplied by local preachers or left
vacant. In 1924, seventeen of the stations in the Minutes were
United Presbyterian and Methodist charges, eight of which were

18 HISTORY OF METHODISM

supplied by Methodist Ministers and eight by Presbyterians,
whilst one (Shelburne) had two ministers, one Presbyterian and
one Methodist. In 1924, there were 142 ministers, forty-six were
superannuated, eight were probationers, three professors, four
missionaries in China, one in Japan ; two on leave of absence, one
Superintendent of Missions, one Conference evangelist, leaving
seventy-six ordained men in circuit work. The membership in
each ten years was as follows (full members) : 1874, six thousand
nine hundred and fifty-nine; in 1884, ten thousand and eight; in
1894, thirteen thousand, seven hundred and twenty three; in
1904, sixteen thousand and twenty; in 1914, sixteen thousand,
three hundred and thirty-one; in 1924, eighteen thousand and
twenty. It will be seen that in the ten years from 1904 to 1914
few were added to the Church and that the last decade does not
compare favorably with earlier decades. The first of these two
decades was immediately before the war; the second beginning
with the war. It might be an interesting study to account for
those lean years. Immediately before the war, materialism pre
vailed perhaps as never before; the gospel of salvation by social
reform was being currently preached; special evangelistic work
and special appeal to the individual conscience were lessened.
During and since the war there have been many unsettling influ
ences and "to Your Knees, 0 Israel," would seem to be an appro
priate motto for the present moment. It is of interest to note
that the reports of the decades in the N. B., and P. E. I., Confer
ence show corresponding results.

HALIFAX DISTRICT

Halifax — Following the Revolutionary war, and the Mili
tary and naval occupation of Halifax, laxity of moral sentiment
and irreligion prevailed to an alarming degree. So William Black
found it on his first visit on June llth, 1782. He wrote: "Few
seemed to care for their souls. There was scarce the shadow of
religion to be seen." As he attempted to preach at the house of a
Mr. Wells, "Many mocked most of the time, and kept up such a
continual noise that few could hear what the preacher attempted
to say." In the fall of the same year, he again visited the city
and found that two persons had been converted as the result of
his previous visit. "These, with a few others, probably from the
country, he formed into a little Church."

NOVA 90OTIA 17

Rev. Freeborn Garrettson, of the United States, arrived in
Halifax in 1785 and received a warm welcome from Marchinton
(a well-off United Empire Loyalist who came from the United
States after the Revolution and who, for a time, was a leader of
the little Methodist band) and the few Methodists of the city.
The historian says: "In a house capable of containing three
hundred hearers, rented by Marchinton at ten dollars per month,
and fitted up with seats and a pulpit, Garrettson commenced his
ministry in Halifax. Services were held very frequently through
the week and three times on the Sabbath. The room was soon
filled and on Sabbath evenings many had to return home, unable
to obtain seats. The people listened with attention and solemn
ity, and seven or eight persons were formed into a class." Oc
casionally, the services were disturbed by the ruder sort by shout
ing and throwing stones.

As the cause grew and Marchinton prospered he proceeded,
in the spring of 1786, to erect a Church, capable of accommodat
ing one thousand hearers, on his own property in Argyle Street, at
the head of Bell's Lane. As Marchinton's wealth increased his
piety waned until, at length, he had to be disciplined for unchris
tian conduct, so that the Methodists were refused the use of his
church which they had occupied for several years. Driven out,
they decided to build a church and, meanwhile, they hired a
building known afterwards as the 'Duke of Kent's theatre.'. In
May, 1792, a lot of land, for a Church, was secured on the west
ern side of Argyle street. Methodist soldiers, under the leader
ship of John Watts, a devoted sergeant of the 21st regiment, dug
the foundation. Those who could not contribute money or ma
terials gave their labor towards the building, and the church was
formally opened on Sunday, November 25th, 1792. On that joy
ous occasion, the Rev. Wm. Jessop preached from the text "The
sun was risen on the earth when Lot entered into Zoar." Hence
forth, the new building was known as 'Zoar Chapel.' This church
accommodated about nine hundred hearers. At the Conference of
1798, the membership consisted of one hundred and twenty mem
bers, some of whom were of 'the excellent ones of the earth.'

Brunswick Street — As the cause grew, Zoar became too small
to accommodate the Congregation, and, in 1833. the site of Brun
swick Street Church was purchased, at a cost of £1000, and the
contract was given for a church to seat 1000 persons at a cost of
£3,000. The dedication took place on Sunday, September 14th,

18 HISTORY OF METHODISM

1834, the preachers being Revs. James Knowlan, Richard Knight
and Matthew Richey.

This was a trying time in the history of the city. Asiatic
Cholera was epidemic, and five days before the opening of the
new Church "Bishop" Black fell a victim to its ravages. Times
were bad and money scarce but by heroic self-denial the heavy
expenditure was met and debts gradually wiped out.

In 1858, under the Rev. John Marshall, a gracious revival
added many members to the Church. The Sabbath School was
organized about this time, with Thomas Croskill as first superin
tendent, who was succeeded by David Rankine, Francis Johnson,
Joseph Bell.

In 1857, Brunswick Street Church was enlarged and renova
ted at a cost of ten thousand dollars. In 1859-60, a new front
with tower was completed. In 1865, the Infant Class room was
erected at a cost of twelve hundred dollars. In 1894, a new pipe
organ was installed at a cost of six thousand, one-hundred dol
lars, and in 1909 a large addition, at heavy expense, was made to
the rear of the Church containing many rooms for Sunday School
and Social Church work.

The spiritual history of this fine old church has had many
inspiring chapters. A great revival occurred, in 1869, under the
powerful ministry of George S. Milligan. Many other seasons
of special blessing have been experienced by this Church.

In 1867, a Young Men's Wesleyan Institute was organized,
not only for mutual improvement, but also to extend the work of
the Church and build up the cause of God in the growing suburbs
of the city. Through the devotion and enterprise of the lay
workers of this Church the Kaye Street, Charles Street (J. Wes
ley Smith Memorial), and Beech Street (now Oxford St.)
Churches were organized. The names of Hugh Bell, J. H. Ander
son, Francis Johnson, Archibald Morton, James B. Morrow, Jos
eph Bell, W. B. McNutt, Herbert Harris, J. Wesley and E. G.
Smith. John and D. Henry Starr, C. H. M. and Martin P. Black,
John A. and Joseph Bell, Edward Jost, Major Theakston, Thom
as Knight, R. W. Fraser, A. M. Bell, Rufus J. Sweet, Charles De-
Wolfe. W. A. Conard. John Mclnnis, W. H. Webb, M. H. Richey,
Samuel Borohnm. John D. Longard, Edward Boak, W. G. Ray,
John Woodill, C. W. Wright and S. Whiston,are amongst those
who took a prominent place in the work and support of the
Church. Being dead they yet speak and their good works follow
them.

NOVA SCOTIA 19

Among the elect ladies who had much to do in the spiritual
interests of the Church, Mrs. James Sweet, class-leader, prayer-
leader, earnest evangelist, held a very influential place. Other
class-leaders of long standing were: Mrs. (Rev.) A. McNutt,
Mrs. (Rev.) S. F. Huestis, Mrs. J. B. Morrow and Mrs. Joseph
Bell. Mrs. S. Whiston was also a devoted worker especially in
missionary enterprise and as Superintendent of the primary de
partment of the Sunday School. Mrs. R. F. Fraser was one of
the most devoted workers in the Church.

The following interesting Sunday School history is from
"Memoranda of facts or interesting incidents connected with
Wesleyan Sabbath Schools in Halifax." (in handwriting of Mr.
Jos. Bell). A society was formed 17th April, 1824, called the
Halifax Wesleyan Sunday School Institution, and the Argyle St.
Sunday School commenced. It met at first in the gallery of Zoar
Chapel. Rev. Robert Lusher was at that time the Wesleyan
Minister of the Circuit and took an active part in the formation
of the School and Society. A subscription of seven shillings and
sixpence per annum constituted membership. The Society was
under the management of nine gentlemen called Directors. In
1825 these were Alex. Anderson, M. G. Black, Hugh Bell, David
Hare, David Starr, Samuel Black, John McNeill, James Black,
John Parker; Treasurer, J. N. Shannon; Superintendent, John
Leander Starr; Secretaries John Harvie and John H. Anderson.
The Argyle Street School House was built about 1827-28. Bruns
wick St. School was commenced about 1840 by Rev. Charles De-
wolf e, at that time junior minister on the circuit. Mr. Thomas
Crosskill was first Superintendent and Mrs. Crosskill took
charge of the girls.

Mr. David Rankin succeeded Mr. Crosskill as Superintend
ent in (date not given). Upon Mr. Rankin's retirement in the
beginning of 1847, Mr. Francis Latimer acted as Supt. for a few
weeks but on the 17th of April 1847, Mr. Francis Johnson was
appointed Supt. from which time the school prospered rapidly."

The following is the list of Sunday School Superintendents,
beginning with 1840: — Thomas Crosskill, David Rankin, Fran
cis Johnson, Joseph Bell, F. Johnson (2nd term), Joseph Bell
(2nd term), Wm. B. McNutt, Herbert Harris. Henrv H. Bell,
John A. Hancock, George Graydon, John E. Hills, Dr. Frank
Woodbury and Wm. A. Hart. F. Johnson, J. Bell, H. Harris, and
Dr. Woodbury held long terms of office and accomplished much
good for the Church and the Kingdom of God.

HISTORY OF METHODISM

Among the very early Methodists who was to leave a bene
ficent and permanent influence upon the church in Halifax was
Mrs. Samuel Bell, who came out from Ireland in 1782. Her son
Hugh Bell had to do with the building of both Brunswick St. and
Grafton St. Churches. He was a class-leader and local-preacher,
became a member of the Legislative Council, and was one of the
first mayors of the city. His son, Joseph Bell, was a class-leader
and local-preacher, and Supt. of Brunswick St. Sunday School
for the long period of thirty-eight years. His wife was also a
class leader. Their sons, the late Andrew M. Bell, so long the
splendid leader of Sunday School work in Charles St. Church,
Charles Bell, class-leader, local-preacher and recording steward,
still happily among us, and the late Alfred Bell, always deeply
interested in the church, proved worthy successors to their godly
parents, as did the daughters, the late Mrs. W. A. Black, and
the Misses Bell still actively engaged in missionary and other
church work. Perhaps the most influential spiritual force ever
connected with this grand old church was Francis Johnson, for
many years local-preacher and Sunday School Superintendent.
He was a man of remarkable mental and spiritual power with
great magnetic influence over other men and was the means of
leading many of the leaders in Christian work into the member
ship of the Church. Amongst those whom he influenced was
John S. D. Thompson who afterwards became a Roman Catholic
and Premier of Canada. He met in Class in Brunswick St. and
taught for some time in the Sunday School.

While there have been many seasons of spiritual refreshing
in this Church perhaps the greatest revival was at the beginning
of the pastorate of George S. Milligan. It began in the Sunday
School and swept the whole Church and reached out into other
Churches, so that many influential men and women were brought
into the active Christian service.

Amongst the young men from this congregation who en
tered the ministry were Benjamin Hills, Fred H. Wright and
Matthew R. Knight, natives of the city, and Thomas E. McLen-
an and Gordon Jolliffe recommended by its official board. Mrs.
Robert H. Ross (Miss Lillie Starr) was for nine years (1896-
1906) a missionary in the French Methodist institute under the
W. M. S. and Miss Bertha Starr was a class-leader. The jubilee
of this noted Church was celebrated on Sunday, Sept. 14th, 1884,
during the pastorate of B. C. Borden, the preachers being Revs.
J. Lathern and J. A. Rogers, followed on Monday by addresses

NOVA SCOTIA 21

from Lieut. Gov. Richey, Sheriff J. A. Bell, Hon. S. L. Shannon
and Revs. R. A. Temple, T. Watson Smith, S. F. Huestis, and
B. C. Borden, the pastor.

Being central in location, this Church has often, on great
occasions, been utilized for mass meetings of a religious and pa
triotic character, and many a magnificent audience has been
gathered within its walls. It had a large number of the influen
tial and representative families of the city, but during later
years, through the building of other churches and the removal of
supporters to other parts of the city this good old church has suf
fered greatly and has to face serious problems in carrying on its
work.

The building was much damaged in the great disaster of
December 6th, 1917, when a munition ship loaded with deadly
chemicals exploded in the harbor, but its brave officials courag
eously set to work to effect its restoration.

Up to 1867, Halifax formed but one circuit, having two
churches and one official board. The two pastors alternated be
tween Brunswick Street and Grafton Street Churches in pulpn
ministry and week-night services. In 1867, the circuit was divi
ded into separate charges, at which time Rev. George S. Milligan,
M.A., was appointed to Brunswick Street Church.

The following is the list of ministers since the formation of
the Eastern British America Conference, in 1855, first to the old
Halifax circuit, and then to Brunswick Street; 1855, John B.
Brownell and James England; 1856, Charles Churchill, James
England and Samuel Avery; 1857, C. Churchill, J. England ana
Robt. Duncan; 1858, Roland Morton and Samuel W. Sprague;
1859, S. W. Sprague, J. Brewster and R. Pratt; 1861, John S.
Addy and John Brewster, 1862-63, J. S. Addy and John Lathern;
1864, Edmund Botterell and J. Lathern; 1865-66, E. Botterell
and R. A. Temple. Halifax North (Brunswick St. and mis
sion Churches) began as a separate board in 1867 with G. S. Mil
ligan. (The names of assistant ministers will be given in connec
tion with Kaye St. and Charles St. Churches as they appear al
though for a number of years they belonged to one official board.)
1870, Jabez A. Rogers; 1873, J. Lathern; 1876, R. Brecken; 1877,
S. F. Huestis; 1880, R. Brecken; 1883, B. C. Borden; 1885, J. J.
Teasdale, 1888, J. A. Rogers; 1891. G. J. Bond; 1894. F. H.
Wright; 1897, W. H. Heartz; 1901, W. H. Langille; 1905, J. W.
Aikens; 1909, Geo. M. Young; 1912, Jabez Appleby; 1916, Rob
ert C. Tait; 1920, Edwin E. Graham; 1923, Charles E. Crowell.

22 H1STOHY O'F METHODISM

Halifax South (Graf ton Street) — Extensive revivals having
taken place from 1841 to 1852, the work so expanded that it was
decided to build a new Church at the south end to supersede old
Zoar. The latter was closed in 1852 and from that year dates
the opening of Grafton Street Church, thus keeping up a direct
sanctuary succession. The Church was erected on the front of
the old Methodist burial ground, with graves and tombstones in
the rear. (The gravestone of William Black stood for a long time
beside the door leading to the minister's vestry.) The original
building was most graceful in exterior architecture, but disap
pointing in its interior proportions, one-third of the space being
partitioned off for Sunday School and social services. With in
creasing demand for space, the audience room was extended to
the full capacity of the building, and a new brick building was
erected on an adjacent site for Sunday School and other purpos
es. The transformed Church, spacious and beautiful, was re
opened in June 1866 and on February 23rd, 1868, it was laid in
ashes by a destructive fire which broke out on Sunday evening
when the people were preparing for church. Through the gener
ous liberality of George Herbert Starr and other prominent mem
bers, and the united effort of the congregation, a beautiful new
Gothic Church was soon erected on the same site at a cost of
thirty-six thousand dollars. The new Church was dedicated on
May 7th, 1868, and continues till this present.

The mission workers' band, organized after the rebuilding of
the Church, erected and maintained a hall on Coburg Road
which later developed into Robie St. Church.

Grafton St. has been the Church home of many prominent
citizens some of whom were most generous supporters of mission
ary and other connexional causes. Amongst these departed
worthies might be mentioned George H. Starr, the Harts (Jairus,
Reuben I and Levi) , Hon. S. L. Shannon, Dr. R. S. Black, W. J.
Coleman, H. G. Laurilliard, R. Saunders, Joseph S. Belcher, Ed
ward Lloyd, S. S. B. Smith, Arnold Doane, John F. Muncey, Drs.
Hibbert and Frank Woodbury, William Crowe, S. M. Brookfield,
Mrs. T. A. Anderson, Mrs. S. N. Binney, Mrs. (Dr.) Parker,
Mrs. Geo. H. Starr, Mrs. W. F. McCoy, Miss Nordbeck, and
other devoted Christian workers. Like Brunswick St. Church,
this Church, because of its situation and the removal of many
families to other parts of the city, has suffered greatly, and dur
ing the year 1924 entered unto union with Robie Street Church
one pastor serving both Churches, the morning service being held

NOVA SCOTIA 23

in Grafton St. and the evening worship in Robie St. Church, the
purpose being to erect a new Church for the combined congrega
tion.

The following have been the pastors of the Halifax South
and Grafton Street circuit since the old Halifax circuit was di
vided: 1867, Alfred W. Turner; 1870, John A. Clark; 1872, John
Read; (The names of the assistant ministers beginning with 1875
will appear in connection with Robie Street.) ; 1876, W. H. Hear-
tz; 1879, S. B. Dunn; 1881, J. J. Teasdale; 1884, R. Brecken;
1887, J. Strothard; 1890, E. B. Moore; 1893, J. A. Rogers; 1896,
W. Dobson; 1901, F. H. Wright; 1902, R. W. Weddall; 1905,
Selby Jefferson; 1908, W. M. Ryan; 1911, G. J. Bond; 1915. A.
S. Rogers; 1919, R. G. Fulton; " 1921, G. J. Bond; 1923, W. H.
Langille (Spy'y Supply) ; 1924, H. B. Clarke (united with Robie
Street). Methodist services ceased being held in this Church on
the last Sunday in March, 1925, and the building leased to the
anti-union Presbyterian congregation of the city, which congre
gation afterwards purchased the Church and hall for thirty-thou
sand dollars.

Robie Street — This attractive church, on the corner of Robie
Street and Coburg Road, was the outcome of a Band of Hope and
Sunday School conducted by Major Theakston, Methodist city
Missionary, in 1872, in the kitchen of Mrs. McCurdy who lived
on Henry Street. The Coburg Road mission church was opened
in 1874 and was occupied till 1886 when it was sold to the Pres
byterians and the New Robie Street Church occupied in the same
year, during the pastorate of the Rev. John Wier. It was dedi
cated on Thursday, May 13th. Rev. Thomas Angwin presided
and addresses were made by Revs. J. Wier, T. Watson Smith, J.
J. Teasdale, F. H. W. Pickles, Wm. Brown and Leander Daniel.
The preachers on the first Sunday (16th) were Revs. Ralph
Brecken and J. J. Teasdale, the Sunday afternoon speakers being
Jos. S. Belcher, Herbert Harris, A. M. Bell, C.H. Longard, Major
Theakston. and S. M. Brookfield, the builder. The church cost
eight thousand dollars. Larger accommodation for the Sunday
School was soon seen to be necessary and an addition was made
to the main structure in 1887.

The following have been the Sunday School superintendents
—Major Thefkston. 72-74: J. S. Belcher, 74-92- RoKnd Mellish,
93-94; G. A. Burbidge, 1894— G. Tozer— ; J. T. Wilson, 1907—
Robie Street Church continued as part of the Halifax South cir-

24 HISTORY O'F METHODISM

cuit, with a young unmarried man as pastor, until 1890 when it
became a separate circuit. The first parsonage was purchased
on Seymour Street and the second, a fine new house on Vernon
Street. This church, occupying a commanding site, has made
continued progress. In 1924, union took place with Grafton
Street, under one pastor, the morning service being held in Graf-
ton St. and the evening in Robie St. Church. This was prelimin
ary to the erection of a new Church for the united congregation.
The following have been the pastors: 1875, Wm. Purvis;
1877, W. L. Cunningham; 1878, S. B. Dunn; 1879, W. Arthui
Black; 1880, G. O. Robinson; 1881, J. E. Donkin; 1882, J. M.
Pike (sup'v) ; 1883, J. L. Batty; 1885, J. Weir; 1888, J. L. Daw-
son; 1891, T. Watson Smith; 1894, Supply; 1895, J. E. Hughson;
1898, R. S. Stevens; 1900, J. L. Batty; 1903, G. W. F. Glendenn-
ing; 1907, D. B. Hemmeon, 1911, R. McArthur; 1914, F. E. Bar
rett; 1918, J. W. McConnell; 1922, W. H. Langille (Sup'y sup
ply) ; 1923, H. B. Clarke. In 1925, this United Church made a
further union with St. Andrew's, former Presbyterian, and took
the name of St. Andrews of the United Church of Canada, with
H. B. Clarke as pastor.

J. Wesley Smith Memorial (Charles Street) — The beginning
of Charles Street Church, which has had such a splendid career,
will ever be associated with the name of Major Theakston,
leader of a consecrated band of mission workers connected with
Brunswick Street Church, who held services first in a hall on
Gerrish Street. In 1870, Edward Jost donated the site for a
Church and on November 5th, 1871, the dedication took place.
It measured 30 by 40 ft. and cost two thousand five hundred
dollars free from debt. James Strothard was the first pastor.
The congregation and Sunday School developed very rapidly. In
1874, forty feet were added to the main auditorum, and a tran
sept of forty by sixteen feet attached. In 1881 the transept
was enlarged. In 1884, wings were added to the main build
ing. In 1887, additional land was bought and the vestry again
enlarged. In 1895, the parsonage was built and in 1903, the fine
new Church, made possible by the splendid liberality of J. Wes
ley Smith, was erected at a cost of thirty thousand dollars.
Much credit has been awarded to Rev. G. W. F. Glendenning, the
pastor, for his courage and enterprise in securing this Church's
erection. The dedication took place on May 31st, 1903, the
preachers being Revs. A. Hockin, President of the Conference,

NOVA SCOTIA 25

and W. H. Langille, a love-feast being held in the afternoon led
by the venerable Rev. Richard Smith. During the day sixty-five
new members were added to the Church. At this time the name
of the Church was changed from Charles Street to J. Wesley
Smith Memorial.

The terrible explosion of December 6th, 1917, played havoc
with this Church and its parsonage but prompt measures were
taken for their restoration. This Church, which has made
steady growth from its beginning, has a membership of eight
hundred, and one of the largest Sunday Schools in Nova Scotia.
Much of the success of the Church, through the Sunday School,
is due to splendid superintendents J. Wesley Smith and A. M.
Bell, continued through many years of singular devotion, and to
their worthy successors.

Charles Street was part of the Halifax North circuit till 1882
when it became a separate circuit under the name of Halifax
West.

The following is the list of pastors: 1874, James Strothard;
1875, W. J. Johnson; 1876, D. W. Johnson; 1877, James Sharp;
1879, Wm. H. Evans; 1882, F. H. W. Pickles; 1885; William
Brown; 1888, Joseph Gaetz; 1891, J. L. Dawson; 1894, A. C. Bor-
den; 1896, Wm. Ainley; 1899, G. W. F. Glendenning; 1903, J. L.
Batty; 1906, C. E. Crowell; 1910, G. W. Glendenning; 1914, H.
Wigle: 1917, H. Tomkinson; 1918, John W. Bartlett; 1923, W.
J. Dean.

Kaye Street — About the close of the year 1867, the mission
workers of Brunswick Street Church rented a room in Bilby
Street, north end of the city, in which Methodist services were
held. A plot of ground was secured on Kaye Street, and largely
through the efforts of the Brunswick Street congregation a hand
some Church was erected at a cost of seven thousand dollars and
was dedicated on August 1st. 1869. It became a separate charge
in 1881 and for five years afterwards received a grant from
Brunswick Street, when it became self-supporting. The fine Sun
day School Hall was completed in 1888. Extensive renovation
and improvements were made in 1915.

On December 6th, 1917, a munition ship, laden with five
thousand tons of most violent explosives was rammed by another
ship coming out of Bedford Basin causing a terrible explosion,
almost directly opposite Kaye Street Church. Sixteen hundred
people were killed outright, many blinded and seriously wound-

26 HISTORY O'F METHODISM

ed, and two thousand homes destroyed. The Kaye Street Church
and Parsonage were utterly destroyed and the wife and eldest
child of the pastor, W. J. W. Swetnam, killed. Nearly all the
homes of the congregation were destroyed and many of the mem
bers killed, amongst them being Alexander Bond, the circuit
steward, a most influential member. Grove Street Presbyterian
Church, further north, was also destroyed with many of its peo
ple. The remnants of the two congregations decided to unite, a
temporary tabernacle was erected and a splendid new Church,
called the United Memorial Kaye-Grove Church was built on
the site of the Kaye Street Church. The dedication took place
on September 18th, 1921, the preachers being Revs. C. E. Crowell
President of the Methodist Conference, and Dr. C. W. Gordon
(Ralph Connor), of Winnipeg. C. J. Crowdis, pastor of the des
troyed Grove Church, became the first pastor of the United
Church

The following is the list of pastors of Kaye Street Church:
1868, John A. Clark; 1870, Wm. Sargent; 1873, R. McArthur;
1874, R. Brecken; 1876, E. Brunyate; 1878, C. M. Tyler; 1881,
W. G. Lane; 1884, J. J. Teasdale; 1885, F. H. W. Pickles; 1888,
S. R. Ackman: 1891, J. A. Rogers; 1893, A. Hockin: 1898. J.
Craig ; 1902, Alban Daniel ; 1906, Leander Daniel ; 1910, J. Gee ;
1914, W. J. W. Swetnam; 1918—19, Supply; 1920, Kaye-Grove
united, C. J. Crowdis (Presbyterian).

Oxford Street — This Church situated in the new residential
portion of the city, facing the Northwest Arm, had its origin in
what was known as the Beech Street Mission. In the year 1871
cottage meetings were held in Leahyville in the home of Thomas
Bell by the lay-workers of Brunswick Street Church, under the
supervision of the late Mr. Major Theakston. It was situated
some distance north of the present Oxford St. site. Being not far
from Charles St. Church and the community to the south grow
ing rapidly, the building was removed to the present location.
This was followed by the erection of a modest new Church, the
old building being used for Sunday School and praver-meeting
purposes. Tn 1905, J. Wesley Smith, of Charles St. Church, don
ated $250, towards the enlargement of the Sunday School Hall
and about one thousand five-hundred dollars was expended for
this purpose. In the terrible explosion of 1917 the church was
very badly wrecked. With commendable courage and zeal, Mr.
Roe, the then pastor, and his board, faced the situation and prac-

NOVA SCOTIA 27

tically rebuilt and enlarged the edifice, so that it had a seating
capacity of 650 people. A new pipe organ was also installed.
The reopening took place on December 8th, 1918, and, with new
inspiration, the pastor and congregation entered upon a year of
much success, in this rapidly growing part of the city.

But, alas, a little more than a year had elapsed, when, on
Sunday morning, February 1st, 1920, the good church was com
pletely destroyed by fire, the blaze bursting out as the morning
service was closing. The Sunday School Hall adjoining was sav
ed in a damaged condition. The loss was about $50,000 with
only $12,000 insurance. What was to be done? Whatever
churches may be superfluous in Halifax, Oxford Street was not
one of them. The situation and the community, growing more
rapidly than any other part of the city, demanded its continu
ance and it was determined to rebuild, notwithstanding the great
sacrifice it would entail upon the congregation. The school room
was saved and services were continued, without interruption, in
it. The corner-stone of a new Church was laid on Nov. 8th,
1920, by Governor Grant and Mayor Parker, and the splendid
new church was erected at a cost of about $75,000, entailing the
carrying of a heavy debt. The dedication took place in 1922,
the Revs. C. E. Crowell, President of Conference, and H. T. Roe,
a former pastor, being the preachers, and Rev. F. Friggens the
pastor.

The following have been the pastors of Beech Street and
(later) Oxford Street Church. Beech St. was, at first, connected
with Brunswick St., then with Halifax West (Charles Street) and
became a separate charge in 1895.

Pastors: Supplied from Brunswick St. and Charles St. from
1871 till 1884; 1884, Leander Daniel; 1887, J. B. Buttrick; 1888,
R. Smith (Sup'y Supply); 1891, J. H. Toole; 1892, James E.
Hughson; moved to Oxford Street 1893; made separate circuit
with unmarried man 1895. W. F. Gaetz ; 1898, F. W. W. DesBar-
res; 1901, A. S. Rogers; 1902, Supply; 1903, H. B. Clarke; 1904,
H. H. McNeill; 1907, W. H. Watts; 1908, became married man's
circuit with Robt. Williams; 1912. W. J. Wright; 1916, H. T.
Roe; 1921, F. Friggens; 1925, H. T. Roe (2nd. term).

Dartmouth — Methodist services in Dartmouth began in the
old Quaker meeting house on the site of the present Central
School. The first Methodist church, which was dedicated in
1853, was made possible by the generosity of George H. Starr, of

2S HISTORY OF METHODISM

Halifax, who donated the site and half the cost of the building.
The pews were bought from the old "Tabernacle". Nathaniel
Russell, father of Mr. Justice Russell and Mrs. (Judge) S. A.
Chesley, and grandfather of Rev. E. W. Forbes, was an esteemed
local preacher and was largely responsible for the services in the
early history of the church. Services were also supplied from
Halifax beginning as regular appointments in 1847. In 1852,
Charles (Dr.) Stewart, then a candidate, was sent to Dartmouth
which was part of a circuit extending to "Musquodoboit Harbor
and Shubenacadie", which was the title of the circuit. Dart
mouth first appeared as a circuit title in 1856, with John Winter-
botham as pastor.

In 1877, during the pastorate of Godfrey Shore, the church
was enlarged and two steeples erected. It was extensively reno
vated in 1905 and new pews placed in it, this time purchased
from Chalmers church, Halifax, thus its seatings had formerly
been Baptist and Presbyterian, good solid foundations. The new
parsonage, adjoining the church, was built in 1893, during the
pastorate of D. W. Johnson. The church was greatly damaged
by the terrible explosion of December 6th, 1917. Services were
held for a time in the basement but the building was condemned
by inspectors and torn down for the building of the splendid edi
fice which now adorns the site. During the building the con
gregation worshipped in the assembly hall of the Greenvale town
school. The dedication of the new church took place on Novem
ber 14th, 1920, the preachers being Revs. B. C. Borden, D. W.
Johnson, and F. Friggens, President of Conference. Much credit
was given A. B. Higgins, the pastor, for his untiring labors in
securing the erection of this beautiful temple. The Sunday
School is one of the strong and inspiring features of this Church,
under the splendid leadership of W. L. Tuttle and his predeces
sors W. B. Rankine and Dr. Frank Woodbury.

The following ministers have been stationed at Dartmouth:
1856, John Winterbotham ; 1858, John S. Phinney; 1859, John
Cassidy; 1860, Theophilus S. Richey; 1862, supplied from Hali
fax; 1863, J. G. Angwin; 1866, Howard Sprague; 1867, J. A.
Rogers; 1870, C. H. Paisley; 1872, A. W. Nicolson; 1873, J. G.
Angwin; 1874, I. E. Thurlow; 1876, Godfrey Shore; 1879, I. M.
Mellish; 1880, H. P. Doane; 1883, J. L. Sponagle; 1886, W. C.
Brown; 1889, Geo. F. Johnson; 1892, D. W. Johnson; 1895, J.
Lathern; 1899, O. Gronlund; 1900, Wm. Ryan; 1901, W. I. Croft;
1905, A. Hockin, Snr.; 1909, J. Appleby; 1912, Wm. Phillips;

NOVA SCOTIA

1915, A. B. Higgins; 1921, H. T. Roe; 1925, H. S. Bland.

In earlier days, the names of Russell, Chittick, Young,
Angwin, Smallwood, Black, Beck, Thomas, Leadley, Pearce,
Stanley, Short, Woodbury, Erb, Rankin, Hutt, Gaetz, Storey and
Wolfe found prominent place in the history of this church. Here

fthe venerable Rev. Thomas Angwin spent the years of his retire
ment and here, in later years, Rev. Joseph Hale has been a great
assistance to the pastor.

Sambro and St. Margaret's Bay (Glen Margaret) — As these
two communities, though far separated, have sometimes been
worked as one field, we place them together. Smith's History
says: "Sambro, settled originally by fishermen from Cape Ne
gro, most of whom were Methodists, had been visited in 1821 by
William Black, who formed a class of eighteen persons, some of
whom had been members of a class previously dissolved by the
removal of their leader. Early in the century the same minister
had preached at St. Margaret's Bay, where some families of
Huguenot descent had found a home, but no sympathetic atten
tion had been given them until the appointment of Wm. Luther
to the city. At St. Margaret's Bay, a neat little church was built
as early as 1824, and at Sambro another was put up in 1830; and
in 1832 these places were set off as a distinct circuit, but years
elapsed before the number of preachers permitted any proper
supply.

Unfortunately the supply of this field has always been in
termittent, sometimes each community having a minister, some
times one for both, and sometimes none for either. Under such
circumstances little stable progress could be expected.

The following is the record of ministers for Sambro: 1884,
Supply; 1885, B. E. Bond; 1887-8, Supply; 1889, H. S. Theak-
ston; 1890-95, Supply; 1895, W. R. Turner; 1898, J. Blesedell;
1901, T. D. Hart; 1905-12, Supply; 1913, A. J. Reynolds; 1914,
Supply; 1915, C. W. Porter-Shirley; 1917, J. W. Hird; 1918, J.
Blesedell; 1921, H. S. Bird; 1924, Supply (A. Armitage).

The Glen Margaret record is: 1890, Supply (D. Herd);
1892, R. M. Jost; 1893, C. M. Mack; 1894, Supply; 1895, W. C.
Perry; 1897, Supply; 1898, C. H. Johnson; 1899, F. B. Curry;
1900, H. P. Patterson; 1902, W. R. Tratt; 1904-5, Supply; 1906,
C. G. Hockin; 1907-12, Supply (D. K. S. 10 and 11) ; 1913, F. J.
Scoates; 1914, Supply; 1915, C. H. C. McLarren; 1918, W. Col-
lind; 1919, Supply; 1925, Supply, James Blesedell, Superannuate.

30 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Woodlawn — This mission was first known as "Lawrence-
town" and all the territory in it was first worked from Dart
mouth including Cole Harbor and Woodlawn. When Dartmouth
became a separate charge the missionary on the outlying sec
tions also visited Waverly. Lawrencetown appeared on the sta
tion sheet in 1877 with Robert Williams as pastor. Then follow
ed: 1878, G. A. Huestis; 1879, J. Wier; 1882, A. F. Weldon;
1883-86, supplied from Dartmouth; 1887, J. W. Howie; 1890, F.
W. W. DesBarres; 1891, J. E. Hughson; 1892, Supply; 1893, D.
B. Hemmeon; 1895, D. K. Smith (Supply) ; 1900, J. H. Davis;
1904, J. Sharp; 1907, Joseph Hale; 1910, J. B. Heal; 1914, J.
Adamson; 1917, E. Plowman; 1920, R. M. Browne; 1922, H. P.
Patterson; 1924, H. D. Townsend; 1925, H. H. McNeill. Co
operation with the Presbyterians began in 1924. The name of
the mission was changed to Woodlawn in 1891, where, a few-
years afterwards, a comfortable parsonage was erected, situated
about three miles from Dartmouth.

Bedford and Waverley — These neighboring communities of
Halifax and Dartmouth have received intermittent attention
from the Methodist church, sometimes worked together, some
times with Waverley connected with Woodlawn and sometimes
left without any Supply, until during the last few years coopera
tion with the Presbyterian Church has left them in their care,
whilst the Methodist Church has cared for Woodlawn, Cole's
Harbor and Lawrencetown. The pastoral record is as follows:
1890, W. C. Perry; 1892, B. Seaboyer; 1894, H. D. Townsend;
1895, Supply; 1896, W. C. Schlichter; 1897, G. P. Allen; 1898,
B. J. Porter; 1900, Supply and later union of Waverley with
Woodlawn.

Musquodoboit Harbor — Some Methodists of German de
scent, converts under Orth of Lunenburg in 1822, settled in thia
community in 1827. "In their new home they sought to benefit
irreligious neighbors, and Heaven had smiled on their efforts.
After some years of isolation a monthly visit from a Methodist
preacher was secured, and in January, 1855, a small church wav
dedicated." Leonard Gaetz, the faithful spiritual leader of these
settlers, passed away in 1864, his wife and eleven children hav
ing all professed allegiance to Christ, three of the sons — Thomas,
Joseph and Leonard — becoming ministers of more than ordinary
ability and influence, Thomas dying early in Newfoundland,

NOVA SCOTIA 31

Joseph spending a few years in Newfoundland and the rest of his
ministry in Nova Scotia, and Leonard occupying a prominent
place in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Montreal, London and
Winnipeg, ending his days at Red Deer, Alberta, of which he was
the first settler. Another brother, Isaac, was for many years an
able and influential local preacher. The following is the minis
terial list since 1855:Hezekiah McKeown; 1856, C. Gaskin; 1857,
Jos. Sutcliffe; 1858, Alex S. Tuttle; 1859, supplied from Halifax;
1860, Robert Wasson; 1861, S. B. Martin; 1863, Robert Taylor;
1865, R. O'B. Johnson; 1867, A. LePage; 1869, C. W. Dockrill;
1872, R. S. Crisp; 1874, W. G. Lane; 1875, R. O'B. Johnson;
1878, J. M. Fisher; 1881, G. F. Day; 1883, R. D. Beals; 1884,
R. B. Mack; 1887, H. P. Doane; 1888, F. J. Pentelow; 1891, I.
M. Mellish; 1893, J. Phalen; 1896, Thomas Wootton; 1899, J. A.
Hart; 1900, G. F. Mitchell; 1903, R. M. Browne; 1904, W. R.
Tratt; 1907, Supply (D. K. S.) ; 1910, A. M. Angus; 1912, C. G.
Hockin; 1915, A. R. Wallis; 1918, Percy Johnson; 1920, W.
Nightingale; 1922-24, Supply; 1925, E. Plowman.

Middle Musquodoboit — In the year 1855, Rev. Hezekiah
McKeown, the popular young preacher of Musquodoboit Harbor,
introduced Methodist services at Middle Musquodoboit, where
in a few months the erection of a church was undertaken. As
time went on services were established at Meagher's Grant, Hig-
ginsville, Upper Musquodoboit and in the neighboring gold mine
communities. A new church was dedicated at Upper Musquodo
boit on January 19th, 1896, during the pastorate of G. W. Whit
man, the Rev. W. H. Heartz being the preacher. A new church
was opened at Higginsville on February 23rd, 1890, during the
pastorate of W. I. Croft, the preachers being Revs. E. B. Moore
and Jos. Gaetz. The cost was $1,400.

In 1859, a mission house, partially furnished, was purchased
at Middle Musquodoboit and a new church was under construc
tion. Mr. and Mrs. William Layton were for many years very-
influential and useful members of the church there. Rev. A. B.
Higgins, of the Nova Scotia Conference, was born on this circuit.

The ministerial record is as follows: Supplied from Mus
quodoboit from 1855-57; 1858. William C. McKinnon; 1861,
Henry Holland; 1862, John J. Teasdale; 1865, Leonard Gaetz;
1868, Samuel B. Martin; 1870, Albert S. DesBrisay; 1872, James
Tweedy; 1875, John A. Mosher; 1878, Wm. G. Lane; 1881, J.
Hiram Davis; 1884, H. P. Doane; 1887, R. B. Mack; 1888, W. I.

32 HISTORY OF 'METHODISM

Croft; 1891, R. A. Daniel; 1894, G. W. Whitman; 1897, W. C.
Perry; 1902, A. Lund; 1905, C. H. C. McLarren; 1908, W.J. Lay-
ton; 1909, W. J. Wright; 1912, R. M. Browne; 1915, W. Owen;
1916, G. W. Mitchell; 1918, A. F. Baker; 1921, J. Blesedell; 1923,
United Presbyterian and Methodist, W. K. Reid (Pr.).

WINDSOR DISTRICT

Windsor — Methodism came to Windsor through some fami
lies who emigrated from Yarm, in Yorkshire, England, in 1773,
the leader of whom was John Smith, who established meetings
for prayer and Christian fellowship among his neighbors. In
1782, William Black visited Windsor and found a prepared soil
for the seed of the kingdom. He organized a class and appoint
ed Mr. Smith as its leader. Ever since, Windsor has occupied a
prominent and honored place in the Methodist history of the
province. For some years the services were held in private
dwellings, the court-house, and in a workshop. In 1792, it was
decided to build a church and the shell was put up and the
building occupied in the summer time, the winter meetings being
held in a work-shop. The church was not finished for several
years. Because of its central position, Windsor was frequently
selected as the meeting place of the early Conferences. Windsor
was first connected with the Halifax circuit, and sometimes after
it was part of a circuit the minister of which resided at Newport
and sometimes at Horton. Occasionally a minister would spend
several months at Windsor. Thus it was early visited by Black,
Garrettson and Cromwell. It was part of John Mann's circuit
when, in 1798, he was stationed at Newport. James Priestley was
found at Windsor in 1810. Then on its records are found the
names of Wm. Croscombe, Wm. Bennett and Wm. Burt who were
stationed at Horton and must have had Windsor as one of its
appointments.

Under the superintendence of William Croscombe, who later
was buried at Windsor, the church built in 1792, which was a
half-a-mile from the village, was moved to a site nearly opposite
the present church.

During the pastorate of Roland Morton a new church was
built in 1855 which endured until the great fire of October 17th,
1897, when church and parsonage were both swept away in the
general conflagration which destroyed the greater part of the

NOVA SCOTIA 33

town. This was during the pastorate of F. H. Wright. Prompt
measures were taken to rebuild and the beautiful new church of
the present was dedicated on April 8th, 1900, the preachers being
Revs. E. E. England (President Conference), F. H. Wright and
Ralph Brecken. Revs. G. J. Bond and T. Watson Smith assisted
in the services of the day. The church cost $15,000.

Quite a number of ministers have gone out into the work
from this circuit, amongst whom were Thomas Watson Smith,
William C. Brown, David B. Scott and John J. Teasdale.

The names of Smith, Scott, Black, Allison, Chandler, Webb,
Curren, Shand, Mosher, Kilcup, Dill, Curry, Murphy, Card, Gra
ham, Dakin, Roach, Anslow and Mcllhiney have held a promin
ent place in the Methodist history of the town. Windsor ha»
frequently been chosen by retiring ministers as a congenial home
for the evening time of life.

Dr. Smith's History says: "The first minister stationed af
Windsor, which in 1822 became the head of a circuit, was George
Jackson who had come from the West Indies the previous aut
umn." He was followed by Robert Alder in 1823 who remained
one year. The following two years are uncertain. The name of
William Bennett appears in the circuit records, but as he super
annuated in 1820, residing at Newport, in all probability there
was no stationed minister at Windsor and it was supplied by Mr.
Bennett as opportunity afforded. Following him we have this
record fairly well verified: 1826, Robert Young; 1829, Stephen
Bamford; 1830, William Croscombe; 1833, S. Bamford; 1836, A.
W. McLeod; 1838, Wm. Webb; 1839, Wm. Croscombe; 1841, J.
B. Strong; 1843, Wm. Smith; 1845, Charles DeWolfe; 1847, Wm.
Croscombe; 1849, John Marshall; 1851, Henry Pope, Senior, as~
sisted by F. W. Moore; 1854, James England; 1855, Roland Mor
ton; 1858, Charles Stewart, assisted by J. B. Likely; 1860, Henry
Pope, Jnr., assisted by Richard Johnson; 1863, James England;
1866, Elias Brettle; 1869, A. W. Nicolson; 1872, Albert S. Des-
Brisay; 1874, S. F. Huestis; 1877, Ralph Brecken; 1880, J. M.
Pike; 1882, J. Lathern; 1885, J. A. Rogers; 1888, Wm. Brown;
1891, J. S. Coffin; 1894, J. L. Dawson; 1897, F. H. Wright, as
sisted one year by J. W. Aikens; 1898. Wm. Phillips; 1901, Wm.
Dobson; 1904, D. W. Johnson; 1907, W. H. Langille; 1911, Wof-
ford M. Ryan; 1914, E. W. Forbes; 1918, F. J. Armitage; 1922,
J. W. McConnell; 1923, F. E. Barrett.

Chester Road (Waterville] — Chester Road, South of Wind-

34 HISTORY OF .METHODISM

sor, appeared on the minutes early as "To be Supplied" and con-»
tinued thus for many years. In 1889, Mr. Benjamin Bond, an
esteemed local preacher, was put in charge and continued for a
long number of years to do faithful service at Chester Road,
Wile Settlement and other neighborhoods. In 1915, A. G. Pentz
was stationed there and since then it has been supplied from
Windsor.

Hantsport — Extensive revivals during 1839-43 so strength
ened the work in Hants and Kings Counties as to call for the
formation of new circuits. Falmouth and Hantsport (Half-way
River, as it was called) were supplied by the second man av
Windsor until 1864 when Falmouth appears as the head of a
circuit with Andrew Gray as pastor, then follow 1866, Charles
B. Pitblado; 1869, Geo. M. Barratt; 1872, James G. Hennigar-,
in 1873 the circuit name was changed to Hantsport; 1874 J.
McMurray; 1875, Caleb Parker; 1877, A. D. Morton; 1880, Wm.
Ryan; 1882, G. 0. Huestis; 1884, Wm. Ainley; 1887, W. G. Lane;
1889, P. H. Robinson; 1890, A. Hockin; 1893, W. Phillips; 1896,
J. M. Fisher; 1899, E. E. England; 1900, J. W. Aikens; 1902,
E. B. Moore; 1905, J. M. Fisher; 1906, F. E. Barrett; 1910, E.
W. Forbes; 1911, J. W. O'Brien; 1914, A. Daniel, 1917, T. W.
Hodgson; 1921, A. B. Higgins; 1925, H. T. Gornall. The ap
pointments on this circuit are Hantsport, Falmouth, Mt. Densort
and Lockhartville.

Hantsport seems to have a special attraction for retired
ministers for here settled kevs. J. G. Bigney, J. M. Fisher, I. E.
Thurlow, W. A. Outerbridge and J. W. Prestwood.

Norton — Early and frequent mention is made of Horton In
the records of Methodism in Nova Scotia. Sometimes it is un
certain as to the exact locality meant as besides Lower Horton,
now generally meant by "Horton", Wolfville was called Upper
Horton and Kentville was known as Horton Corner. The old
Horton circuit extended into Cornwallis. Some of the early con
ferences, 1805 and 1806 being mentioned, were held at Hortoh.
The latter was attended by the rugged old Scots soldier, Rev.
Duncan McColl of St. Stephen's. William Black rode into Hor
ton on May 30th, 1782, where he was able to speak "with free
dom, fervency and power. Many cried for mercy, while others
shouted Hosannas to the Son of David." Rev. Freeborn Gar-
rettson met with much favor and success in Horton and, in 1786,

NOVA SCOTIA 35

Jonathan Crane, Esq., and his brother-in-law, James Noble
Shannon, Esq., offered him two hundred dollars towards tht»
erection of a church at Horton. Mrs. Crane was an Allison, kin
dred of the Allisons of Mt. Allison, whose family came from
Londonderry, Ireland, about 1770, and, about 1775, she became
a member of the first classes formed in the county of Kings.
During another pastorate of Garrettson at Horton a wide-spread
revival took place. In March of 1787, he wrote "I have had a
blessed winter among them." In 1792 James Boyd also had a
gracious revival there.

William Croscombe was one of the early pastors at Horton.
He was very youthful in appearance when he came out from
England in 1810. He tells of preaching at Falmouth on his way
to Granville at attend Conference in 1812 and when he was
through he saw a tall young man going round amongst the people
with his hat in his hand and was surprised when he came and
presented him with more than thirty shillings. Sometimes, in
recent days, ministers have had interesting times with the sta
tioning committee. At this Conference there were six present
besides himself and they were all on the stationing committee.
Three of them wanted him to go to Shelburne and three to go
to Horton. They had the grace to give him his choice and he
went to Horton. During a second pastorate there in 1838, as
sisted by Peter Sleep, he held special services in Lower Horton,
the first convert being Robert E. Crane who afterwards became
a useful and beloved minister of the Methodist Church. Con
sidering the list of pastors, there is uncertainty about the earliest
settled ministers. Nearly all the pioneers visited Horton. Free-
born Garrettson spent a winter there, James Boyd was stationed
there in 1792 and Wm. Croscombe in 1812. Wm. Bennett and
Robert Alder were there in 1817 and Wm. Burt was there from
1819 to 21 inclusive, and in the latter year was assisted by John
Pope. Burt had lived with the Pope family in England and when
the first son of John Pope was born he called him William Burt
Pope. John Pope returned to England and the son, William Burt
Pope, D.D., became one of the most distinguished theologians
of his day, and in 1877-78 was president of the British Wesleyan
Conference. He was born in the house now occupied by Rev.
Dr. A. C. Borden, Grand Pre. Henry, Pope, Snr., a most beloved
minister, father of the late Rev. Dr. Henry Pope, so beloved in
St. John, N. B., was an elder brother of John Pope. Then follows
some unknown till 1824 when we find John B. Strong; 1827, Geo.

36 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Millar; 1829, R. H. Crane; John Snowball, 1831 (grandfather ol
W. B. Snowball, M. P., Chatham, and Rev. J. W. Bartlett, Am-
herst); 1834, Wm. Temple (father of Rev. R. Alder Temple).
William Temple, Senior, had a clubfoot and the story is told
that long ago, when several ministers used to unite to hold
week night missionary meetings, in a church, of which he was
pastor, such a meeting was held. One of the ministers was deaf,
one had but one eye, one stammered, and he was lame. In those
days each stanza of a hymn was first read and then sung. He
began by the use of the hymn beginning "O for a thousand
tongues to sing". The fifth stanza reads:

"Hear him, ye deaf; his praise ye dumb,

Your loosen 'd tongues employ;
Ye blind, behold your Saviour come,
And leap, ye lame, for joy."

As he uttered the last line he hopped from the floor to the plat
form. It is needless to say that there was some smiling in the
audience. This good man must have had a keen sense of humor
for it is related of him that, passing along a street in St. John,
late one summer night, he saw some men in a basement room
playing cards, and as the window, on a level with the street, wa&
open he shoved his club-foot through it to the alarm of the play
ers who thought it belonged to the evil one.

He was followed at Horton in 1835 by John Marshall; 1838,
Wm. Croscombe; 1839, Henry Pope, Snr., (an elder brother
of John, father of Dr. Henry Pope. He was a great temperance
worker and had a very gracious revival at Lockhartville, now
an appointment on the Hantsport circuit) ; 1842, Richard Knight
(grand-father of Rev. M. R. Knight) . He was an able preacher
and administrator, was superintendent of missions, and had a
fine grasp of public affairs. He had J. V. Jost as a colleague in
1843. Richard Weddall (father of Rev. R. W. Weddall) follow
ed in 1847 and had a great revival at Lower Horton; 1849, Thos.
H. Davies; J. R. Narraway (an able preacher and writer who
became deaf) was stationed on the Cornwallis part of the circuit
in 1850; 1852, Frederick Smallwood (powerful preacher and re
vivalist) ; 1856, J. G. Hennigar; 1859, Thomas Angwin (assisted
in .60 and .61 by F. H. W. Pickles) ; 1862, Henry Daniel and W.
W. Colpitts; 1864, S. W. Sprague, (assisted by A. S. DesBrisay
in .64 and .65 and by R.B. Mack in .66) ; 1S67, Christopher Lock-
hart and H. P. Cowperthwaite ; 1870, S. F. Huestis; 1873, W. H.

NOVA SCOTIA 37

Heartz (assisted in .74 and .75 by D. W. Johnson) ; 1876, J. S.
Coffin (assisted by F. H. Wright in .76 and by I. M. Mellish in
.77 and .78) ; 1879, Thos. Rogers (assisted by Benj Hills in .79
and .80 and by C. M. Tyler in .81) ; 1882, J. S. Coffin and F. A.
Buckley; 1883, W. C. Brown (assisted by J. B. Buttrick in .83
and T. A. Wilson in .84 and .85) ; 1886, D. W. Johnson (assisted
by T. A. Wilson and J. A. Smith in .86, F. Friggens in .87, and
P. C. L. Harris and Supply in 1888) ; 1889, C. Jost (assisted by
J. W. Turner in .89 and W. R. Turner in .90 and .91) ; 1892, F.
H. Wright; 1894, W. Brown; 1897, W. H. Langille; 1901, F.
'Friggens; 1905, R. W. Weddall; 1909, A. C. Borden; 1913, A,
Hockin; 1917, W. M. Ryan; 1920, G. W. Whitman; 1924, Wil
fred A. Burbidge, who afterward went to Korea.

The Horton circuit has contributed quite a number of able
ministers to the Methodist Church. Besides Robert E. Crane,
already mentioned, Samuel Avery, a young man of promise
was received in 1854, and after a brief ministry died in 1861,
aged only twenty-nine years. Robert H. Taylor and l5i.
Byron C. Borden came from the Avonport appointment; Rev.
Professor J. Alfred Faulkner, D. D., of Drew Theological Sem
inary, was baptized and received into the church, at Lower
Horton, by Rev. S. F. Huestis in 1871, one of the greatest re
vivals on record in the Valley being vouchsafed to Mr. Huestis
at that time. At Wolfville, in the winter of 1873-4, Rev. Dr. A.
C. Borden, successful pastor and some time missionary in Japan,
was led into the kingdom during the fruitful ministry of W. H.
Heartz. Rev. Dr. D. B. Hemmeon, worthy son of the manse,
was received into the church at Wolfville during the second
pastorate of D.W. Johnson. P. J. P. Neary, who spent some years
in the ministry in the United States, came from the Greenwich
appointment.

In 1892 Wolfville and Greenwich were cut off the Horton
circuit to form the Wolfville circuit, leaving Lower Horton, Av
onport and Long Island as the component parts of the Horton
circuit.

The date of the building of the first church is uncertain.
We noted that, in 1786, two hundred dollars were offered by two
men towards such a building. Smith's History says: "At Lower
Horton, on the last Lord's day in May, 1821, a new church was
opened, the old one having been drawn across the road to be
converted into a parsonage." All old Horton pastors remember
with pleasure the fine band of stalwart laymen and women who

38 HISTORY OF MiBTHODISM

assisted them in their labors. The names of Armstrong, Black,
Bowser, Crane, Brown (Miss) , Curry, Chipman (Dr.) , Denniso*,
Faulkner (father of Prof. J. Alfred Faulkner of Drew), Fuller,
Harris, Patterson (Principal of Acacia Villa School), Parker
(Avonport), Rathburn, Simson, and Trenholm. Numbers of
these were prayer-leaders of great fervency and power. This
circuit was long favored with the godly presence of Rev. and
Mrs. George Johnson, who spent the years of their retirement at
Grand Pre. Rev. and Mrs. Arthur C. Borden also superannuated
at Grand Pre.

Wolfville — On June 3rd, 1782, William Black preached in
the Baptist church, Horton. As Wolfville was then called Upper
Horton, in all probability it was at Wolfville he preached on that
occasion. He wrote: "Many were enabled to rejoice, while oth
ers mourned." In 1819, William Burt, residing at Lower Horton,
frequently preached in the dwelling of T. A. S. DeWolf who
sometimes assisted him as an exhorter. Wolfville and Greenwich
were appointments of the Horton circuit until 1892 when Wolf
ville became the head of a separate circuit. Beginning with the
second year (1874) of the Horton pastorate of W. H. Heartz, a
second man was appointed to the circuit to reside at Wolfville,
when morning and evening services were begun.

The following have been the appointments: 1874, D. W.
Johnson; 1876, F. H. Wright; 1877, 1. M. Mellish; 1879, B. Hills;
1881, C. M. Tyler; 1882, F. A. Buckley; 1883, J. B. Buttrick;
1884, T. A. Wilson; 1886, J. A. Smith; 1887, F. Friggens; 1888,
P. C. L. Harris (part of year) ; 1889, J. W. Turner; 1890, W. R.
Turner; 1892, O. Gronlund; 1895, Jos. Hale; 1898, J. E. Donkhij
1901, Geo. F. Johnson; 1905, E. B. Moore; 1909, J. W. Prest-
wood; 1912, W. H. Rackham; 1915, F. J. Armitage; 1921, D. B.
Hemmeon. On the first Sunday in December, 1923, the Presby
terian and Methodist congregations united with D. B. Hemmeon
as pastor and the Presbyterian church and manse occupied by
the minister and congregation. The Methodist parsonage was
sold. A new church was erected at Greenwich in the Conference
year of 1909-10.

The names of Caldwell,DeWolfe, Eagles, Elder, Elderkin,Fol-
lett, Forsyth, Johnson, Longard, Rounsefell, Woodman, Wood-
worth and Young are gratefully remembered because of their de
votion to the cause of God. John Rounsefell and Jas. Elder were
local preachers of great usefulness. The life of the venerable T.

NOVA SCOTIA 39

A. S. DeWolfe was a benediction. J. W. Caldwell threw all hie
fine energy into every department of the work of the church. Be
sides these devoted laymen, the Revs. Chas. DeWolfe, D. D.,
George W. Tuttle, J. B. Hemmeon and George F. Day and their
families, for shorter or longer periods, in retirement, addec?
strength to the cause. Here Rev. E. E. England found his wife
(Miss Woodman), as did also Rev. P. J. P. Neary (Miss Lon-
gard), Rev. R. W. Weddall (Miss Neary), and Rev. D. B. Hem
meon (Miss Caldwell).

Canning — The whole Cornwallis country was once connected
with the Horton circuit until about 1855 when Cornwallis became
a circuit including what are now the Canning and Berwick cir
cuits with the following appointments: 1855, Thos. Harris; 1856,
James Taylor; 1857, J. Taylor and J. Lathern (the latter at
Berwick) ; 1859, Wm. Smithson and Geo. Butcher. In 1860,
Cornwallis was divided into Cornwallis East and Cornwallis
West. The East was afterwards called the Canning circuit. Wil
liam Black left Cumberland in May, 1782, to visit Windsor but
was too late for the packet at Parrsboro. He secured passage
to Cornwallis and was entertained by Gideon Sherman and in^
vited to preach in the Baptist church which he did three times
with very gracious results. At the close of the year, the first
watch-night service in Cornwallis was held at Nathaniel Smith's
and Joseph Johnson "found this the time of deliverance." Mr.
Black said a more impressive service he had not attended since
his own conversion. In 1786, Garrettson formed a society or
twelve "deeply awakened" persons at Cornwallis. In the town
ship, in 1786, five hundred dollars were subscribed towards the
building of a church. The house of Captain Bowen of Cornwal
lis was for years the preaching place as well as a home for the
itinerant preachers.

The following were the pastors of the Cornwallis East Cir
cuit: 1860, Wm. Smithson; 1862, J. G. Hennigar; 1866, R. Wed
dall; 1867, R. Smith; beginning with 1869 the circuit was called
Canning with R. Smith as pastor; 1870, G. O. Huestis; 1873, F.
H. W. Pickles; 1876, J. J. Teasdale; 1878, J. Strothard; 1881, R.
A. Daniel; 1884, W. G. Lane; 1887, Wm. Ainley; 1890, D. Hick-
ey; 1893, J. M. Fisher; circuit transferred from Annapolis to
Windsor District; 1896, A. B. Higgins; 1899, J. Johnson; 1901,
Wilfred F. Gaetz; 1903, Thos. A. Wilson; 1907, J. Seller; 1909,
A. Hockin, Snr.; 1913, A. C. Borden; 1917, F. Friggens; 1921,
Thos. W. Hodgson.

40

The church at Canning was burned, with all its contents, on
February 8th, 1909. The new church was dedicated on February
13th, 1910, the preachers being Revs. D. Hickey, A. B. Higgins
and W. H. Heartz, and the pastor being A. Hockin. The church
cost $7,500. The pulpit furniture was presented by Mrs. J. H.
Clarke.

On their retirement, the Revs. J. G. Hennigar and William
Ainley settled here and strengthened the cause. The pastors on
this circuit have had the support of many devoted Christian men
and women workers.

Scott's Bay — This mission first appeared in the minutes of
1874 followed by "One to be sent." This community had been
risited from Cornwallis and was an appointment of the Canning
circuit. The following were stationed there: 1875, Arthur Black,
1876, J. W. Shepherdson; 1877, J. Hiram Davis; 1878 and 79,
Supply; 1880, Starr Black; 1881, A. Daniel. It disappeared from
the Minutes in 1882, and became again an appointment of thv
Canning circuit.

Kentville — In Smith's History we find a reference to Wil
liam Burt who was stationed at Lower Horton from 1819 to 22
which says: "At Horton Corner, as Kentville was called until
1820, he found the frame of a church, which, before his removal,
was formally opened for worship." Kentville and neighboring
appointments continued to be connected with Horton for many
years. Sometimes, besides the superintendent who resided at
Lower Horton, a young colleague would reside at Greenwich or
Kentville. Among these latter were F. H. W. Pickles, W. W.
Colpitts, Albert S. DesBrisay, R. B. Mack, and H. P. Cowperth-
waite. Kentville first appears as a separate circuit with A. D.
Morton as pastor, to exchange once a month with Horton. The
circuit sometime included Greenwich, Kentville, Canaan Moun
tain, Sheffield's Mills, Woodville and Cambridge. Greenwich
was afterwards connected with Horton and later with the Wolf-
rille circuit.

A new church was dedicated at Kentville on March 7th,
1897, during the pastorate of R. S. Stevens, the preachers being
Revs. Wm. Dobson (11 and 7) and G. O. Huestis at 3 p. m. The
church cost $2300 ; a dollar would go a great deal farther than it
will today and the building was very neat and attractive. The
fine new parsonage was considerably damaged by fire on Janu
ary 3rd, 1898.

NOVA SCOTIA 41

In 1923, preparations were being made for the erection of a
new church when negotiations began between the Methodist and
Presbyterian congregations for union, which was consummated,
the Presbyterian church being chosen as the place of worship,
the Methodist church to be used as a hall for church and other
purposes. The two pastors, Revs. R. B. Layton (P.) and B. J.
Porter (M.) remained in joint charge until the Conference of
1924 when both resigned according to agreement, the United
Church being supplied during the remainder of 1924.

The following is the ministerial record since Kentville be
came a separate circuit in 1870: A. D. Morton; 1871, R. W.
Weddall; 1873, W. J. Johnson; 1875, A. H. Clayton; 1876, I. E.
Thurlow; 1879, Paul Prestwood; 1881, R. Wasson; 1883, W. H.
Langille; 1885, Wm. Ryan; 1886, J. A. Mosher; 1887, C. M.
Tyler; 1889, T. A. Wilson; 1890, W. F. Cann; 1892, F. W. W.
DesBarres; 1893, S. R. Ackman; 1896, R. S. Stevens; 1898, W. F.
Gaetz; 1901, R. Williams; 1904, J. W. Turner; 1906, W. R. Turn
er; 1909, W. A. Outerbridge; 1912, R. C. Tait; 1913, Supply;
1914, C. B. Sinden; 1915, J. G. Stones; 1916, P. Pollitt; 1917, A.
C. Borden; 1920, B. J. Porter; 1924, United St. Andrews and St.
Stephen's, Presbyterian and Methodist (To be supplied) ; 1925,
(United Presbyterian and Methodist), A. A. McLeod, Presby
terian. Rev. J. W. Turner died at Kentville while stationed
there. H. W. Outerbridge, Japan, is connected with Kentville.

Newport — With Windsor, Newport was one of the first com
munities in Canada to receive Methodist settlers. Among the
Methodist immigrants who came to Windsor from Yarm, York
shire, England, in 1773, the leader was John Smith, who, we are
told, "left the main body, and settled upon a farm which had
been offered him in Newport." This man, who had more than
once acted as precentor for Wesley, when the latter had preached
in the market place of his native town, became the first class
leader in Windsor, if not in Canada. John Allison, one of the
early settlers of Cornwallis, who married a sister of Rev. Hugh"
Graham, the Presbyterian minister of the township, by the read
ing of Fletcher's works became an Arminian in belief and he
and his wife, acting in accordance with their conscientious con
victions, became members of the Methodist church. "From Corn
wallis, he removed to Horton, and thence, in 1804, to the 'Man
tua' farin at Newport, where he continued to reside until his-
death in 1821. For many years he represented the township of

42 HISTORY OF (METHODISM

Newport in the House of Assembly." This man was the ancestor
of the Allisons of Mt. Allison, St. John, Halifax and other parts
of these provinces.

It was at Newport that the Rev. John Mann's family found
their last settled home. Many joined the church under John
Mann's preaching, but some years afterwards "many left the
society, fell into Antinomian delusion and joined the Newlights,
while others fell into open sin, which caused him many painful
and sorrowful hours."

In July, 1794, a lot was donated for a church and the build
ing was erected during that year.

In 1812, Croscombe found the church at Newport composed
of experienced Christians and much enjoyed their fellowship^
Newport was Wm. Hurt's first appointment. He buried John
Mann, who died in the triumphs of the gospel. Under Burt's
inspiring preaching, in 1816, "Conversions took place at Oakland,
large numbers entered the societies at Kempt and Kennetcook."

Following Burt, in 1817, Adam Clarke Avard had great suc
cess in winning souls into the Kingdom. In the family of An
thony Shaw, four sons and a nephew were converted. One of the
Shaws entered the ministry and was sent to the West Indies
where his health failed and he returned to die. Another son be
came a useful local preacher, and the nephew, Robert Saltei,
who became a class leader, school teacher, and for many years
a valued official in the Methodist church at Carleton, St. John,
N. B. "The ministry at Newport of Henry Pope, Sr., whose
three years' term there commenced in 1833, was one of much use
fulness. When the shadows of fourscore years had fallen ove*
his path, he spoke of his residence at Newport as among the
pleasantest terms of a very long service."

Newport and Windsor formed parts of one circuit for a long
period. Beginning with 1855, we have the following record 01
ministers: Thomas H. Davies and Joseph Hart; 1856, A. Me-
Nutt; 1859, J. G. Hennigar; 1862, Wm. Smithson; 1865, James
Taylor; 1868, H. McKeown (he was at Avondale, someway then
connected with Newport for three previous years) ; 1869, Alex.
B. Black; 1870, J. McMurray; 1873, R. A. Temple; 1876, E. B.
Moore; 1878, E. Brettle (he retired and died here) ; 1879, F. H.
W. Pickles; 1882, Alex. S. Tuttle; 1885, W. Alcorn; 1888, J. Ast-
bury; 1891, J. Sharp; 1894, John Johnson; 1896, A. Daniel; 1899,
R. 0. Armstrong; 1902, W. R. Turner; 1906, H. Burgess; 1908,
H. D. Townsend: 1911, H. R. Baker; 1913, P. M. Hartley; 1916,

NOVA SCOTIA 43

J. M. Fisher; 1917, J. Baxter; 1920, W. B. M. Parker; 1923, C. A.
Munro, United Methodist and Presbyterian. During the pastor
ate of R. A. Temple (1873-76) a handsome new church was built
at Newport.

In the union with the Presbyterians, in 1923, the Methodist
congregation at Ellerhouse became connected with the St. Croix
Presbyterian circuit.

Avondale — This circuit, the head of which is just across the
harbor from Windsor the post office address of which is Newport
Landing, once famous for its ship-building, was for many years
identified with the old Windsor and Newport circuits, sharing in
their evangelistic history.

Avondale appears for the first time in the Minutes, as a
separate circuit, in 1865 with Hezekiah McKeown as minister
Then follow: 1868, M. Richey, D.D.; 1869, J. G. Hennigar;
1872, C. Jost; 1875 J. Strothard; 1878, R. A. Daniel; 1881, R.
McArthur; 1884, E. B. Moore; 1887, D. Hickey; 1890, C. M.
Tyler; 1893, J. H. Davis; 1896, W. M. Ryan; 1899, A. Daniel;
1902, L. Daniel; 1906, H. J. Indoe; 1910, J. G. Hockin; 1914, J.
Gee; 1916, G. W. Whitman; 1920, W. I. Croft; 1924, W.S. Loring.

A new church was built at Poplar Grove during the pastor
ate of J. H. Davis and dedicated on July 22nd, 1894, the preach*
ers being Revs. Richard Smith and John Johnson. Amongst the
prominent names connected with this community were Allison,
Curry, Harvey, Mosher, Mounce, Bennett and Chambers. On
retirement Revs. E. Brettle, M. R. Knight, M. A., and Geo. T.
Bryant settled in this circuit.

Burlington (Kempt) — The circuit name Kempt first appears
in the Minutes of 1857. In 1871 it was called Burlington ana
Kempt and in 1873 the Kempt part of the title was dropped.
The ministers have been as follows: 1857, Jos. Hart; 1858, G.
B. Payson; 1860, W. Alcorn; 1863, R'd. Johnson; 1864, Wm.
Tweedy; 1867, J. A. Mosher; 1870, J. Johnson; 1873, E. B.
Moore; 1876, G. F. Day; 1879, G. O. Huestis; 1882, T. D. Hart;
1885, J. Gee; 1888, J. Johnson; 1891, Wm. Ryan; 1894, J. G.
Angwin; 1897, G. W. Whitman; 1901, C. M. Tyler; 1905, G. F.
Johnson; 1907, J. M. Fisher; 1911, H. P. Patterson; 1913, F. G.
Brown; 1916, J. Baxter; 1917, H. J. Indoe; 1919, A. Lund; 1921,
G. T. Bryant; 1922, W. Fraser Munro; 1925, G. W. Whitman.

All the territory of the Avondale and Burlington circuits
was once connected with the old Newport circuit. The parson-

44 HISTORY OF (METHODISM

age of the Burlington circuit was formerly at Kempt and Centre
Burlington became the head of the circuit during the first pas
torate of John Johnson.

While Cheverie belonged to the Burlington circuit, a new
church was built there and dedicated on November 23rd, 1890,
during the pastorate of J. Johnson, at a cost of $4,200. The
preachers of the day were Revs. J. Gee, G. E. Weathers (Bpt.) ,
and J. A. Mosher. A Methodist Hall was dedicated at Riverside
on January 1st, 1888, during the pastorate of John Gee.

Walton — The name of this mission first appeared on the
Minutes in 1877 with "To be Supplied" after it, and that appears
to have been its most common experience. It was connected with
Burlington. The first separate pastorate occurred in 1878 where
W. A. Outerbridge began his useful ministry; 1883 found W.
Nightingale in charge and in 1884 T. A. Wilson. Then occurs
the indefinite word "Supply" till 1890 when H. S. Theakston was
pastor, followed by Supply till 1896 when the name of D. Walker
appears, followed by J. B. Hemmeon 1897 and 1898; 1899, W. B.
M. Parker; 1900, Supply; 1901, H. H. Irish; 1902, Supply; 1903
and 1904, D. G. Guest; 1905, Supply; 1906-07, C. W. Wright;
1908, Supply; 1909-10, A. F. Baker; 1911, J. Baxter; 1912-14,
Supply; 1915, W. F. Munro; 1917, R. L. Roach; 1918-19, Supply.
1920, W. A. Burbidge; 1921, Supply; 1922, G. E. Mossman; 1923,
Supply; 1924, Arthur Organ.

The present appointments are Walton, Pembroke, Brook-
ville, Cheverie, and Tennycape, the latter being transferred from
Maitland in 1924. Some years previously Cheverie was trans
ferred from Burlington and Cogmagun transferred to Burlington.

A new church was dedicated at Walton on October 6th, 1895,
Revs. T. Watson Smith, J. G. Angwin and G. F. Mitchell taking
part.

TRURO DISTRICT

Truro — Previous to 1834, occasional Methodist ministers
passing through Truro tarried to preach in the court-house.
Amongst these the names of John Snowball and R. H. Crane are
mentioned. In that year, Rev. John McMurray, stationed on the
wide-spread Shubenacadie circuit, visited the town and preached
in the new Baptist Church with such power as to create a consid-

NOVA SCOTIA 45

erable interest and the conversion of a young man, Samuel Scott
Nelson, who afterward became prominent in the Church. After
holding several services in the Baptist Church, the Masonic hall
was secured for alternate Sundays and services were also held at
Onslow, North River and Greenfield. In January, 1835, James
Buckley, a young preacher, just beginning his ministry, was sent
to the assistance of Mr. McMurray and thirty members were
gathered during the year from the various communities mention
ed. An effort was made to secure a permanent resident pastorate
but men were scarce and much delay followed before a man was
settled at Truro. Thomas Smith, from Bermuda, followed Mr.
McMurray on the Shubenacadie circuit and visited Truro as op
portunity offered. This promising opening was neglected until
1843 when through the efforts of Rev. Roland Morton a lot was
secured and a building erected so that it could be occupied but
which was not completed and formally opened until 1848.
Through the attractive and powerful preaching of James R. Nar-
raway, who came to the town in 1847, the church was crowded and
the cause strengthened, so that, by an arrangement made between
Mr. Narraway of Subenacadie and G. 0. Huestis of Maitland,
regular monthly appointments were secured. In 1848, the un
wieldy Shubenacadie circuit was divided and to Mr. Narraway
was given the work between Truro and Pictou, taking in River
John. This circuit arrangement continued till 1855, when River
John was made the head of a circuit and Truro included several
outlying appointments.

The following is the list of ministerial appointments to Truro,
beginning with 1855; G. O. Huestis; 1857, J. M. McMurray (as
sisted by Richard Johnson in 1857 and by Wm. Perkin in 1858) ;
1859, T. H. Davies; 1861, Thomas Smith; 1863, Alex. B. Black;
1866, Roland Morton; 1869, J. Read; 1872, Job Shenton (assisted
at Onslow by W. H. Ibbitson in .72 and W. Ainley in .73) ; in
1874 Onslow became a separate mission and Mr. Shenton remain
ed at Truro; 1876, J. A. Rogers; 1879, R. A. Temple; 1881, S. B.
Dunn; 1884, R. A. Daniel; 1887, E. B. Moore; 1890, Wm. Ainley
(with this year assistants began to supply at Brunswick Street
and the names will be found under Brunswick St. notes) ; 1893,
W. H. Heartz; 1896, J. A. Rogers; 1899, A. D. Morton; 1902, J.
W. Aikens; 1905, W. M. Ryan; 1908, C. M. Mack; 1912, John P.
Anthony; 1913, J. Strothard; 1917, G. W. F. Glendenning; 1919,
W. J. Dean; 1923, L. E. G. Davies. Rev. John P. Anthony died
following an operation for appendicitis only six months after his

46 HISTORY OF METHODISM

arrival on the circuit, much lamented. Rev. D. Hickey, then re
tired, supplied for the remainder of the year.

During the pastorate of John Read (1869-72) a great re
vival occurred, which affected the whole town, and the old church
on Prince Street became too small. A large and fine new site was
secured on Pleasant Street and a new Church and parsonage were
built, the latter facing on Dominion Street. The church was dedi
cated on Dec. 24th, 1871, the preachers being Revs. Dr. Richey,
S. F. Huestis and A. W. Nicolson. In December, 1896, the trus
tee board took action toward the erection of a new Sunday School
building, but before the plans could be put into execution a disas
trous fire greatly damaged the church and, in the reconstruction,
it was decided that the church should be extended so that church
and school should form one structure. At heavy cost this was
accomplished making the church plant one of the most com
modious and convenient in the Conference. The congregation
during the rebuilding, worshipped for nine months in the Y. M.
C. A. hall. The reopening took place on Oct. 17th, 1897, in the
pastorate of J. A. Rogers, the preacher of the day being Rev. Dr.
Carman, General Superintendent.

From this Church two ladies have gone to foreign mission
work — Miss Agnes Killer to South Africa and Miss Isabella S.
Blackmore to Japan and several have gone as wives of ministers
to grace the parsonages of the home land. Frederick E. Barrett
and George W. Beck of the Nova Scotia Conference entered the
ministry from this congregation.

In the more than seventy years of Methodist Sunday School
history there have been but nine superintendents: Joseph Crowe,
James W. Killer, Samuel Rettie, Dr. W. E. McRobert, G. 0. Ful
ton, John Suckling, Rev. R. B. Mack, and Professor John M.
Trueman.

On the walls of Pleasant Street Church are two tablets, one
to the memory of Rev. Thomas Smith the first settled pastor of
the circuit of which Truro formed a part, who had a second term
at Truro, and who lived there when he became a supernumerary
and died there. The other is to the memory of prominent office
bearers of the church in its early history: James W. Killer, Sam
uel S. Nelson, Samuel R. Rettie, S. G. W. Archibald. Anthony
Shaw, Dr. George Hyde, Leander J. Crowe, and Israel Long-
worth. To these might be added James W. Johnson and Dr. W.
E. McRobert, since deceased. These worthies have been succeed
ed by a fine band of devoted men and women.

NOVA SCOTIA 47

The Wesleyan was published in Truro for eleven years dur
ing which time the Editor, Rev. D. W. Johnson, resided there.
Rev. and Mrs. R. B. Mack, on their retirement from circuit
work made their home in Truro.

Pleasant Street (Methodist) and St. Andrew's (Presbyter
ian) united in 1925, using St. Andrew's Church and Pleasant St.
parsonage, with L. E. G. Davies as pastor.

Truro (Brunswick Street) — About the year 1878, R. A. Tem
ple, then stationed at Truro, in visiting the east end of the town,
learned from the people that the distance from Pleasant Street
Church was too great for regular attendance at all its Sunday ser
vices and he invited Mr. R. K. Livingston to attempt the holding
of cottage prayer meetings in the community. This was done,
the first being held at the home of Robert Bennett. After some
months, Mr. Samuel Rettie gave the little band permission to
meet in a room of a house he owned in that part of the town. For
several years, under the courageous leadership of Mr. Livingston,
the services continued until the official board began to take ser
ious notice of the situation and during the pastorate of E. B.
Moore (1887-90) a splendid lot of land, facing on three streets,
was secured and a neat hall was erected, so that, beginning with
1890, an assistant preacher was appointed to Truro who devoted
himself to the work in the last end. Messrs. Longworth, McMul-
len, Thomas and Beck gave generous financial assistance in pur
chasing the site and erecting the hall. In the following pastorate
of W. H. Heartz, as superintendent, the remaining debt was wip
ed out and the cause grew so that soon the building had to be en
larged making a church capable of holding two hundred and fifty
people, with class rooms on either side.

From this Church Frederick E. Barrett went into the minis
try and several young ministers found their wives there. The
Maritime Home for Girls is in the vicinity of this church and the
officers and girls form a considerable part of the morning congre
gation. Situated in the growing part of the town, the outlook for
this church is most hopeful.

As the associate pastors were generally probationers the
changes in pastors were very frequent. Many of them have
reached positions of high honor in the church. The following is
the list: 1890, H. M. Tory; 1891, C. E. Crowell; 1892, W. F.
Cann; 1893, R. M. Jost; 1894, W. M. Ryan; 1895, A. M. San-
ford; 1897, A. D. Richard; 1898, W. Q. Genge; 1899, Aubrey S.

48 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Tuttle; 1900, Supply, (C. Jost, Sup'y) I 1901, A. Hockin, Jnr.,
1902, Supplies and W. J. W. Swetnam; 1903, J. N. Ritcey; 1904,
H. B. Clarke; 1905, G. T. Bryant; 1906, P. T. Meek; 1907, W. H.
Hughes; 1908, Supplies; 1909, C. E. Hellens; 1910, R. L. Nors-
worthy; 1912, H. T. Gornall; 1913, H. S. Bland; 1914, J. J. Sidey.
In 1914, separate official board was organized. Then follow 1916,
T. W. Hodgson; 1917, F. J. Neal; 1918, I. F. Nix; 1919, Supplied
by J. B. Heal (Sup'y) ; 1920, L. M. Outerbridge.

At the close of 1921 conference year it was decided to have
an ordained, married man and in 1922, Harry T. Jones became
pastor; 1924, B. J. Porter; 1925, Harold S. Bishop.

Belmont (Onslow) — In the years 1834 and 35, when the
Methodist minister from Shubenacadie began to visit Truro, oc
casional services were also held at Onslow, North River, East
Mountain and Greenfield. When Truro became a circuit these
were appointments of it. As the work developed, a second man
was appointed to Truro who had special responsibility for these
outlying places.

In 1874, Onslow became a separate mission with W. Ainley,
who had been assistant at Truro in the previous year as pastor;
1875, Robt. W. Smith; 1876, W. L. Cunningham; 1877, Byron C.
Borden; 1878, W. H. Langille; 1879, F. H. Wright; 1880, P. H.
Robinson; 1883, H. P. Doane; 1884, J. H. Davis; 1887, J. W.
Shepherdson; 1889, J. G. Bigney; 1891, C. W. Swallow; 1894, R.
B. Mack; 1898, R. M. Jost; 1901, Wm. J. Bartlett; 1904, R. M.
Browne; 1908, H. R. Baker; 1911, H. G. Bandey; 1912, H. J.
Indoe; 1914, Josiah Martin; 1917, F. J. Scoates; 1921, W. H. Pal
mer; 1924, C. Tavener; 1925, W. Boyd Parker.

The parsonage was first at North River. A new house was
built there during the pastorate of R. M. Browne in 1904. In
1913, Londonderry was added to the circuit. In 1915, the par
sonage at North River was sold and a more central house pur
chased at Belmont. In 1918, the name of the circuit was chang
ed to Belmont.

Robert O'B. Johnson entered the ministry from the Onslow
mission, his sister married Rev. W. H. Langille and here Rev.
Wm. Ainley found his wife (Miss Turnbull).

Londonderry (Acadia Mines) — This community, about twen
ty miles from Truro, was once in a flourishing condition because
of the iron-mining and manufacture of iron pipes and other com-

NOVA SCOTIA 49

modities. Of late years the whole iron industry has ceased and
the plant has been dismantled so that much of the population has
removed. Acadia Mines first appeared on the Minutes in 1875
with James Sharp as pastor; 1876, J. B. Giles; 1878, R. B. Mack;
1881, B. Hills; 1883, J. A. Mosher; 1886, J. E. Donkin; 1889,
J. Tweedy; 1892, G. F. Day; 1895, J.B. Heal; 1898, T.A. Wilson;
1899, S. R. Ackman; 1901, Supply; 1902, D. B. Scott; 1903, C. H.
Johnson; the name was changed to Londonderry in 1903; 1904,
Supply; 1905, J. W. Shepherdson; 1909, C. M. Tyler; 1912, H.
J. Indoe (Londonderry was joined to Onslow and minister lived
at Londonderry) ; 1914, Josiah Martin (minister moved to par
sonage at Belmont 1915) ; for continuance see Belmont.

At Acadia Mines, a new Church was dedicated on January
1st, 1882, during the pastorate of B. Hills, the preachers being
Revs. Prof. J. Burwash and S. F. Huestis. The church cost elev
en hundred dollars. A parsonage was bought at Acadia Mines
in 1889 during the first year of the pastorate of James Tweedy.
The church was also moved to the adjoining lot.

A church at East Mines was dedicated on Nov. 30th, 1887,
during the pastorate of J. E. Donkin, the preachers being Revs.
J. B. Giles and J. A. Logan (Presbyterian) .

During recent years Londonderry has been conducted as a
Co-operative Church as the Presbyterian Church was burnt down
and the Methodist building was large enough to accommodate
the united congregation.

Pictou — During the early half of the 19th century there ex
isted in the town of Pictou an offshoot from Presbyterianism
known as the Morrisonian Church which erected a place of wor
ship at the east end of the town. This congregation, in 1868,
petitioned the Methodist Conference of Eastern British Ameri
ca to receive it into the connexion and to station a minister
among them. As there were a few Methodists in the town, who
had been visited at irregular intervals, the Conference agreed to
the proposition and sent the Rev. Leonard Gaetz to the congrega
tion. His popular ministry soon crowded the church and a fair
ly strong cause was established. He was followed by W. C.
Brown in 1871, and the succession has been 1875, C. Jost; 1877,
J. G. Angwin; 1881, W. C. Brown; 1883, Thos. Rogers; 1886, E.
E. England; 1889, B. Hills; 1892. W. G. Lane; 1895, R. McAr-
thur; 1898, R. B. Mack; 1899, F. H. Wright; 1901, J. Sharp;
1904, J. Astbury; 1908, D. Hickey; 1912, R. Williams, 1915, C.

50 HISTORY OF METHODISM

A. Munroe; 1917, J. Strothard; 1921, Supplied by J. Strothard as
Sup'y: On account of decrease of population from the old ship
ping and ship-building days, two of the three Presbyterian
Churches united, and the Methodist congregation which had lost
heavily through removals and deaths disbanded in 1924 after fif
ty five years of useful service. The advent of the Methodist
Church and the Y. M. C. A. had much to do in bringing the three
Presbyterian congregations, of diverse views, into cordial rela
tionship.

An excellent Methodist parsonage was built in 1879, during
the pastorate of J. G. Angwin. The Rev. W. Fraser Munro, of
the Nova Scotia Conference, is a worthy contribution to the
Methodist ministry from this congregation. A lady from this
congregation also graces the home of the Rev. J. Astbury.

The first Methodist District Meeting to be held in Pictou
took place in 1874 remaining over Sunday. On the previous Sun
day announcement was made in the Presbyterian Church on the
hill, by Mr. Ross, the pastor: "A Methodist gathering is to be
held in this town this week and, next Sunday, this pulpit will be
occupied by two of its ministers. These Methodists are lively
preachers but that is no reason why you should become Method
ists."

As majorities in both the Presbyterian Churches voted
against Church Union, the minorities of both Churches, including
the larger part of their active workers, united and took possess
ion of the Methodist Church, making a fine congregation of ac
tive Christian workers. Rev. F. J. Armitage, former Methodist,
became the first pastor of the United Church.

After their retirement, Rev. and Mrs. James Strothard con
tinued, for some years, to reside at Pictou.

Stellarton — Early mention is made of Albion Mines, as Stel-
larton was formerly known, in the itinerancy of Methodist min
isters from the old Truro-River John circuit. English Method
ist coal-miners found their way to this community and naturally
desired ministration from preachers of their own communion.
William Webb visited this village in July of 1828 and spent one
Lord's-day there. The historian says: "Under the morning sermon
many 'seemed to feel the power of the word.' In the afternoon he
worshipped in the Presbyterian Church, in which he was to
preach in the evening. The candid Presbyterian brother amused
him by an announcement of the intended service, to which he ap-

NOVA SCOTIA 61

pended the remark that he did not like it very well, though in
view of the kindness shown him by the Methodists he could not
deny it.' ';

In 1845, in response to a request from the General Mining
Association, among whose employees were a number of Metho
dist Englishmen, Richard Weddall was sent to Albion Mines.
There is no further record of appointments to that place until it
was made a circuit in 1861.

The first Methodist Church in Stellarton was built, in 1862,
during the ministry of John Cassidy. In the Minutes of 1860,
after the circuit title of River John and Pictou, appear the names
of S. Humphrey and John Cassidy, Brother Cassidy to reside at
Pictou. In the next year (1861) Mr. Cassidy became the first
Methodist minister regularly stationed at Albion Mines. From
this centre, Westville, Eureka, New Glasgow, and Piedmont Val
ley were, in after years, visited and causes established. New
Glasgow was detached in 1888 and became the head of a circuit.
Eureka, French River and Piedmont became a mission in 1895;
and in 1912 Westville was separated. After a few years Eureka
was again connected with Stellarton and Piedmont was dropped.

The name of Albion Mines was changed to Stellarton in
1873.

The following is the list of ministers: 1861, J. Cassidy;
1864, D. Chapman; 1867, J. V. Jost; 1869, R. Morton; 1871, A.
D. Morton; 1874, W. H. Evans; 1875, Geo. W. Tuttle; 1877, Flet
cher A. Weldon; 1880, I. E. Thurlow; 1883, J. Hale; 1886, J.
Tweedy; 1889, R. A. Daniel; 1890, D. B. Scott; 1893, W. Night
ingale, 1896, J. Johnson; 1899, D. Farquhar; 1901, R. M. Jost;
1905, W. A. Outerbridge; 1909, W. R. Turner; 1912, J. Phalen;
1916, W. A. Outerbridge; 1920, J. Adamson; 1924, H. T. Jones.

Westville — This charge was separated from Stellarton in

1912. The pastors have been as follows: 1912, M. K. Charman;

1913, R. C. Tait; 1915, R. Williams; 1917, J. Adamson; 1920, W.
R. Turner; 1922, A. R. Pentz; 1923, A. R. Wallis.

During the pastorate of J. Adamson this church was prac
tically rebuilt, enlarged and beautified. With commendable en
terprise an excellent parsonage was also secured. This congre
gation is largely composed of men connected with the coal min
ing industry, many of them being of Old Country origin with
warm Methodist traditions.

Before Westville was separated from Stellarton, the latter

52 HISTORY OF METHODISM

circuit sometimes had two men, the second man residing at West-
ville. This was the case in the following years: 1902, W. F.
Wright; 1904, W. J. W. Swetnam; 1909 and 10, C. B. Sinden.

Eureka — This circuit name appears bracketed with Stellar-
ton in 1894, with one wanted for this section. At that time this
was a flourishing community with woolen mills at Eureka and
steel-works at Ferrona which adjoined it. Both industries have
since removed which accounts for the contraction of church work
in that section. French River and Piedmont Valley, far distant,
were for some time connected with this mission. It appeared as
a separate mission in 1895. The corner stone of the church at
Eureka was laid on June 16th, 1893, D. B. Scott being pastor at
Stellarton. Mrs. J. Wesley Smith, of Halifax, laid the corner
stone. At 2.30 p. m., Dr. C. Stewart preached in the open air and
W. G. Lane lectured, in the evening, on "A trip to Sweden." The
church was completed and dedicated on Tuesday evening, Nov.
28, 1893, Revs. W. H. Heartz, W. Purvis, W. G. Lane, and W.
Nightingale taking part. The church at Piedmont was dedicat
ed on Dec. 29th, 1884, Revs. Thos. Rogers and Jos. Hale being the
preachers.

The following is the list of pastors: 1895, W. B. Jost; 1897,
F. E. Barrett; 1899, C. H. Johnson; 1900, C. H. Morris; 1901,
from this date Eureka has been supplied from Stellarton and
sometimes from Westville.

New Glasgow — Probably the first Methodists of New Glas
gow were the family of Mitchell Burns, a potter by trade, who
came from the north of Ireland. This family gave two ministers
to the Methodist Church. Rev. F. E. Barrett, of Nova Scotia, is
a great-grandson. The family moved to River John in 1847.

It is to a young woman from River John that New Glasgow
Methodism owes its existence. A Miss Ellen Harbourne from
that circuit married a Mr. Walker and went to New Glasgow to
live. She was a loyal Methodist and joined the church at Stel
larton. At her request the minister from Stellarton frequently
preached in a hall in New Glasgow. Douglas Chapman was
probably the first to do so, but no serious attempt was made to
establish a Methodist Church in New Glasgow until the time of
Isaac Thurlow (1880-83) when the old Knox Free Church build
ing and lot were offered for sale, and Mr. Thurlow and Mrs. Wal
ker agreed to buy the property for seven hundred dollars. This

NOVA SCOTIA 63

was in October, 1881. New Glasgow became a separate mission
in 1888 with F. Friggens as its pastor. An excellent parsonage
was built on the adjoining lot. In the following pastorate of
Wm. Purvis (1891-94) the church was remodelled and made at
tractive at an expense of three thousand dollars. The dedication
of the reconstructed church took place on January 1st, 1893, Rev.
Dr. Lathern preaching at 11 and 7, and Revs. Messrs. Robertson,
Thurlow, J. Tweedy, Friggens and Purvis speaking in the after
noon.

On May 21st, 1905, a tablet to the memory of Mrs. Ellen
Walker, the "Mother of Methodism" in New Glasgow was un
veiled. During the devoted ministry of E. E. England the cir
cuit became independent in 1901.

In the Conference year 1869-70 there were four members of
the Methodist Church in New Glasgow. In 1913, the whole
Nova Scotia Conference was entertained by this enterprising
church. But again the borders became too straitened and the
present site was so central it was decided to so reconstruct and
enlarge (with a fine light basement) the church as to make prac
tically a new building, brick faced with stone trimming. The
corner-stone was laid on August 5th, 1918, by Rev. G. W. Whit
man, President of the Conference, and the dedication took place
on November llth, 1918, the preachers being Revs. D. W. John
son and Dr. Heartz, the pastor being Rev. B. J. Porter.

•The pastors have been as follows: 1888, F. Friggens; 1891,
W. Purvis; 1894, W. I. Croft; 1897, A. W. Nicolson; 1900, E. E.
England; 1904, C. E. Crowell; 1906, R. McArthur; 1910, F. E.
Barrett; 1914, G. W. F. Glendenning; 1917, B. J. Porter; 1920, C.
E. Hellens; 1921, J. W. Prestwood; 1922, T. A. Mosley. On ac
count of the unsettled conditions in New Glasgow over church
union, the Methodist Church was left with a "Supply" pastor for
1925, pending a more permanent settlement.

Trenton — This is an offshoot from New Glasgow situated
near the steel and other works. The trustees of the Piedmont
Valley Church, which was no longer in use, donated it and its
furnishings to Trenton. It was taken down and removed, and on
January 17th, 1904, was dedicated for worship at Trenton. A
large new church was erected and dedicated on May 17th, 1914,
under the superintendence of F. E. Barrett of New Glasgow, the
preachers being Revs. E. E. England and W. H. Heartz, assisted
by T, W, Hodgson, the pastor. The building was encumbered

54 HISTORY OF METHODISM

with a debt beyond the ability of the people to meet and large
assistance had to be secured from outside sources.

The pastors have been as follows: 1913, T. W. Hodgson;
1914, B. Cooper; 1915, F. J. Neal; 1917, Supply; 1918, R. L.
Roach; 1919, G. W. Beck; 1921, A. R. Pentz; 1922, T. J. Wilkin
son (Supply) received into connection with the Conference in
1924.

River John — Christopher J. Perrin may be called the Father
of River John Methodism. He was of Swiss origin and was above
the average of those days in education. He was capable in ex
hortation and prayer and gathered his neighbors for worship in
his own home. Mainly with the aid of his own sons, he built the
first Methodist Church and he entertained the minister until the
parsonage was built during Mr. Black's pastorate (1855-57). For
some time, River John was part of the Truro circuit; later it ran
from Albion Mines to Bay-Head near Wallace. In later years,
the circuit included River John, Barriswa, Back Road, Tata-
magouche, and Tatamagouche Mt.

From Smith's History we learn that William Webb was sent
to River John in 1828. Others of the earlier ministers were Thos.
Taylor, R. Cooney, Jas. Buckley, R. Weddall, J. R. Narraway,
and J. G. Hennigar. Since the formation of the E. B. A. Confer
ence, the following is the ministerial record: 1855, Alex. B. Black;
1857, G. S. Milligan; 1860, S. Humphrey and J. Cassidy (the lat
ter residing in Pictou) ; 1861, Wm. Tweedy; 1864, J. V. Jost;
1867, Geo. W. Tuttle; 1869, J. Tweedy; 1872, R. B. Mack; 1875,
D. B. Scott; 1878, J. Astbury; 1881, J. Tweedy, 2nd term; 1883,
F. A. Buckley; 1885, C. W. Swallow; 1888, G. W. Whitman;
1891, Wm. Nightingale; 1893, J. B. Heal; 1895, D. Farquhar;
1899, C. M. Mack; 1903, C. H. C. McLarren; 1905, H. R. Baker;

1908, supply in summer (C. W. Wright) and H. C. McNeill;

1909, G. J. Bond; 1911, H. D. Townsend; 1914, E. Plowman;
1917, W. B. M. Parker; 1920, Supply (R. Bennett) ; 1924, F. J.
Scoates. The residence of the pastor was changed, during the
pastorate of W. B. M. Parker, from River John to Tatamagouche.

Noted revivals occurred at various times in the earlier his
tory of the circuit. In 1875 and 1888, great interdenomination
al evangelistic services were held at River John in which Rev.
D. B. Scott and Rev. C. W. Swallow took a worthy part.

From River John have gone out into the Methodist minis
try the following, in the order named, James Burns (1853) ; John

NOVA SCOTIA 65

G. Bigney (1861) ; W. H. Burns (1867), who became prominent
as Presiding Elder in Chicago; D. W. Johnson (1874); W. H.
Langille (1878). From Bay Head, then the western end of the
•circuit, there also went into the ministry the three worthy broth
ers John, Levi S., and Geo. F. Johnson.

A new church, nearer the heart of the village than the old
one, was dedicated on April 24th, 1872, during the pastorate of
James Tweedy. At Barraswa, a new church was opened on Sept.
1st, 1889, during the pastorate of Geo. W. Whitman, the preach
ers being Revs. E. B. Moore and C. W. Swallow. For many years
Oliver Langille (father of Rev. W. H.) was a devoted Sunday
:School Supt. and class leader at River John.

Maitland — During the pastorate of John Snowball at New
port (1824-26) he was called to preach at Kennetcook and Mait
land. Smith's History says: "A sermon preached by that minis
ter at the house of Colonel William Smith, an Irish settler, on
the Kennetcook, was heard by a fellow "Churchman" from the
Gore settlement, who for the sake of a Methodist wife offered his
bwn dwelling to the preacher as a temporary chapel. In Decem
ber, 1824, the same minister formed a small society near Mait
land; and at their next annual meeting his brethren requested
him to visit the settlements in that section of country at least

four times in the year Of the eleven children of William

Smith three sons became Methodists. Nathan Smith and his wife
united with the first class formed at Maitland. Richard Smith
decided to be a Methodist after an unexpected interview with
Matthew Richey. In response, in part, to the request of Richard
and Nathan Smith, who had commenced a small church near
Maitland, Thos. Crosthwaite was sent in 1830 to the Shuben-
.acadie circuit, a field forty miles in extent." In 1834, John Mc-
Murray was appointed to that field, and in the autumn of that
year a revival took place at Maitland, at the close of which the
converts were placed under the care of Richard Smith as leader,
for which position the revival had been to him a precious pre
paration. It was from this place and stock that the late rever
ed Rev. Richard Smith entered the ministry in 1841.

Concerning the list of ministers we find note of Thomas
Smith from 1836 to 38 and R. Morton from 1842 to 44. Begin
ning with 1851 we have the following unbroken succession: 1851,
H. Pope, Jnr.; 1853, Geo. W. Tuttle; 1856, Wm. Tweedy; 1859,
R. E. Crane; 1862, Joshua Jordan (assisted by Leonard Gaetz in
1862); 1864, G. M. Barratt; 1866, D. B. Scott; 1869, Robt.
Tweedy; 1870, J. A. Mosher; 1873, J. Johnson; 1876, G. 0. Hues-

56 HISTORY OF METHODISM

tis; 1879, T. D. Hart; 1882, P. Prestwood; 1885, C. M. Tyler;
1887, D. B. Scott; 1890, J. W. Prestwood; 1893, A. Daniel; 1896r
H. C. McNeill; 1899, R. B. Mack; 1903, H. R. Baker; 1905,
J. B. Heal; 1907, W. Nightingale; 1911, J. Mader; 1913, Supply;
1914, J. G. Hockin; 1916, G. T. Bryant; 1917, J. H. Davis; 1921r
A. F. Baker; 1924, Supply. On December 26th, 1875, a neat
new church was opened at Moose Brook, with no debt. Rev.
John Johnson was the pastor.

Sheet Harbor — This is a lumber milling and fishing settle
ment at the mouth of the East River, Halifax Co. About 1870
some Methodist families became connected with the mills and a
small church was built and in 1873, J. W. Shepheidson, a young
man just out from England, was appointed as pastor, visiting
other harbors along the coast. Then follow supply services till
1880, when W. H. Langille was stationed there followed by 1881,
J.L. Dawson; 1882, Supply; 1883, T.C. Hooper; 1884, A. Daniel;
1886, W. Shears; 1887, Supply; 1889, F. W. W. DesBarres; 1890,
H. C. McElhiney (Supply); 1891, J. Phalen; 1893-97, Supply;
1898, H. H. McNeill; from that date it was occasionally supplied
until in 1902 the name disappeared from the Minutes. Methodist
families interested in or working at the mills removed from the
community and the mission was dropped.

Shubenacadie — This is one of the early circuit names, re
presenting a widely extended rural territory, from which in the
passing years several circuits were formed. It was allied with the
Newport circuit on one side and with Maitland on the other. Its
early ministers visited Truro and introduced Methodism there.
In more recent years it included Shubenacadie, Enfield, Nine
Mile River, part of the distant Rawdon country, and other small
settlements.

Beginning with 1867 the following have been its ministers:
Joseph Gaetz; 1870, R.E. Crane; 1871, J.W.Howie; 1874, R.O'B.
Johnson; 1875, E. E. England; 1877, J. R. Hart; 1879, G. F.
Day; 1881, J. W. Shepherdson; 1884, W. Nightingale; 1886, J.
G. Bigney; 1889, W. A. Outerbridge; 1892, W. R. Turner; 1895,
R. M. Jost; 1898, J. Mader; 1901, A. Kinney; 1905, H. C. Mc
Neill; 1908, J. Astbury; 1911, H. Burgess; 1914, J. Blesedell;
1918, M. R. Knight; 1921, M. K. Charman; 1923, Supply; 1924,
Presbyterian and Methodist co-operation, H. P. Upham (P'n).

A devoted layman by the name of Blackburn, of Shuben
acadie, left a considerable legacy for Methodist Church purposes.

NOVA SCOTIA 67

CUMBERLAND DISTRICT

Amherst — This name suggests the beginnings of organized
Methodism in Canada for in this vicinity William Black was
converted and from here he went out. in 1781, as the leader of
the great evangelistic movement which established Methodism
in the country. It is a little singular that Methodism should
have had such a trial and set-back here, where it may be said to
have started, while it speedily gathered strength at Point de
Bute and other places, so that whilst churches were built at Point
de Bute in 1788 and at Sackville in 1790, it was not till January
31st, 1841, that a Methodist Church was built and dedicated at
Amherst. Shortly after Wm. Black started on his great mission,
and left Cumberland, Henry Alline, a hyper-Calvinist, of strong
antinomian tendencies, leader of what was known as the "New-
lights," spent a month in Cumberland, and, under his powerful
appeals, persuaded nearly seventy members of Methodist socie
ties to withdraw, and a spirit of strife and bitterness was created
which was inimical to the spiritual life of the people and the
pernicious influence of which was felt for many years. Thus are
some good men sometimes unwittingly made instruments of evil.
Wm. Early visited Cumberland in 1791 but reported that he found
but little to encourage him. The society had become so affected
that the record of 1824 said "At Amherst was neither Methodist
Church building nor organized membership." Services in Amherst
were held in the court-house.

Smith's History says: "A second attempt to erect a church
at Amherst, made in 1839, proved so successful that in January,
1841, William Wilson, the preacher in charge of the Parrsboro'
and Maccan circuit/ reported the opening, free from debt, of a
neat little sanctuary. In 1843, under the very successful superin
tendence of William Webb, the erection of a parsonage was be
gun in the village, and in 1847 Amherst became the head of the
circuit, a distinction from which, however, it reaped slight ad
vantage. The occupant of its parsonage was still superintendent
of a circuit which covered a large section of Cumberland county,
assisted sometimes by a junior preacher at Parrsboro'; at other
times dependent upon the visits of the earnest local preachers,
Edward Wood and Edward Dixon, of Sackville, or the ready help
of the tireless and always-welcomed Matthew Lodge, of Maccan
Mountain." This church was situated at the extreme east end
of the town which built in the other direction so that it was not

58

at all central. Encouraged by the generous offer of $2,000, from
Gilbert Pugsley, towards a new church, a lot was secured on
Havelock Street and a new church was built and dedicated in
August, 1876, to seat three hundred and fifty people. A parson
age was also built directly across the street. Twelve years later,
during the pastorate of W. H. Heartz (1887-90), the church was
greatly enlarged so as to accommodate seven hundred.

A boom time having come to the town, through the erection
of many factories, the population greatly increased and a demand
was made for a still larger church. The corner-stone of the pres
ent splendid brick Trinity Church was laid on August 22nd, 1906,
during the pastorate of W. F. Gaetz. During the erection, on
Oct. 23rd, a large part of one wall, fifty six ft. high by thirty ft.
wide, fell with a crash carrying the floor into the cellar, smash
ing girders like kindling wood. The dedication of the completed
building took place on Sept. 22nd, 1907, Dr. Carman, General
Superintendent, being the preacher, morning and evening. In
the afternoon, a memorial window in honor of William Black was
unveiled, the address being given by Dr. Heartz. Many minis
ters, and other church leaders, were present during the day. Mt.
Allison was represented by Drs. Allison, B. C. Borden, and An
drews. The main audience room seats nine hundred, the gallery
three hundred, and the Sunday School hall, capable of opening
into the auditorium, four hundred. The cost of the church ex
ceeded $60,000. The parsonage was moved and sold, a com-
modions house, with grounds, being purchased on Victoria Street.

A mission church started at "The Highlands" was dedicated
in 1905. A separate history of it will be given.

Gradually the old Amherst circuit was divided, forming
other circuits, until it became one charge, some outplaces being
connected with the second church, which became the head of an
other circuit.

A number of ministers, beginning with Wm. Black, have gone
out from this church, among them being Alex. B. Black and two
sons, G. W. F. Glendenning and J. E. Donkin, and Miss Glenden-
ning became the wife of Rev. J. W. Shepherdson. Many grac
ious revivals have occurred on this circuit. Strong laymen, as
local preachers, Sunday School superintendents, and trustees,
have ably supported its ministers. The following is the long list
of ministers who have been identified with the circuit: 1781,
Wm. Black; 1786, W. Grandin; 1800, W. Bennett; 1810, S. Barn-
ford; 1821, M. Richey; 1824, J. Snowball; 1827, Albert Des

NOVA SCOTIA 69

Brisay; 1828, W. Temple; 1830, R. H. Crane; 1832, J. G. Henni-
gar; 1834, W. Smith; 1837, H. Pope, Snr.; 1839, W. Wilson; 1843,
W. Webb; 1846, J. B. Strong; 1847, T. H. Davies; 1849, W.
Croscombe; 1851, W. C. Beals; 1854, R. Smith; 1856, W. Mc-
Carty; 1859, F. Smallwood; 1860, W. T. Cardy; 1862, A. M. Des-
Brisay; 1865, C. Stewart; 1866, Ingham Sutcliffe; 1869, E. Bret-
tie; 1870, J. Burns; 1871, J. Waterhouse; 1873, R. Tweedy; 1876,
R. A. Temple; 1879, J A. Rogers; 1883, Jos. Gaetz; 1885, J.
Lathern; 1887, J. S. Coffin (part of year when Dr. Lathern went
to Wesleyan Office); 1887, W. H. Heartz; 1890, J. Strothard;
1893, R. Williams; 1896, J. L. Batty; 1900, A. W. Nicolson; 1901,
A. Hockin; 1905, W. F. Gaeti- 1908, W. H. Heartz and H. B.
Clarke; 1909, J. W. Aikens; 1910, H. Wigle; 1914, J. W. Mc-
Connell; 1918, R. E. Fairbairn; 1919, A. S. Rogers; 1923, J. W.
Bartlett.

For many years Amherst has been favored with the effective
support of Rev. W. H. Heartz, who retired from circuit work in
19P9 but did not become a supernumerary being given the title
of Conference Evangelist. He has continued in active service
considerably past the four-score years, travelling all over the
Conference and beyond, helping the churches, without fee, in
evangelistic work, anniversaries and church-openings. He has
some bricks in almost every church built within the Conference
for many years, and has, in all probability taken part in more
church dedications than any of his brethren. Dr. Heartz has
long been held in high honor by his brethren and has filled the
Presidential chair five times, including four terms in succession.
He has also had the unique experience of being a member of the
General Missionary Board of the Church for the unprecedented
period of forty-two years. Dr. Heartz was elected fraternal
delegate to the Methodist Episcopal General Conference in the
United States in 1910.

Rev. and Mrs. William Brown, on retirement from a long
and useful ministry, also made their home in Amherst and con
tinued to take an active interest in the work of the church. On
failure of health, Rev. J. E. Donkin, with his family, returned
to this his native place and here, after a few years, passed to the
reward of the faithful laborer.

Besides those already mentioned, who entered the ministry
from Amherst, the brothers W. H. and George Rackham have
done so, the former being in the N. S. Conference and the latter
more recently going out of the mission field in West China. His

60 HISTORY OF METHODISM

wife (Miss Tait) also belongs to Amherst and her sister has also
gone out as a missionary. Mrs. (Rev.) John Gee and her daugh
ter have made their home in Amherst since the decease of Mr.
Gee, who died in the active service of a devoted ministry in 1915,
at Avondale.

Amherst (United) — As the town of Amherst began to build
rapidly about 1900 it was considered desirable to have church
accommodation in the "Highlands" and a Methodist Mission
Church was erected and dedicated on Oct. 15th, 1905, by Rev.
Dr. Heartz, he and Rev. Wm. Brown being the preachers. This
building was enlarged during the pastorate of L. A. Buckley and
reopened on Nov. 10th, 1912, Rev. H. Wigle and H. B. Clarke be
ing the preachers. In the Conference year 1908-9 H. B. Clarke
was associated on the Amherst circuit and J. H. Beazley was as
sistant in 1909. In ten and eleven Highlands was supplied from
Mt. Allison and otherwise. In 1912 and 13, L. A. Buckley was
pastor. In 1914, Grace Church appears as the head of a separate
circuit, taking in Fort Lawrence on one side and Brookdale on
the other, with the following appointments: 1914, J. H. Free
stone; 1916, H. T. Jones; 1917, B. Cooper; 1918, J.W. Hird; 1919
(United) C. M. Mack; 1921, H. S. Bland; 1925, John W. Bent.

At a united meeting of Grace Methodist and St. Paul's Pres
byterian Church, held on March 17th, 1919, it was decided to
unite the two congregations. Grace Methodist Church was sold
and the proceeds were used for the enlargement of St. Paul's, to
be used by the united congregation. A parsonage was also bought
The cost of reconstruction was about $4,000 and the church was
opened practically free from debt.. At the reopening Dr. Clar-
lence McKinnon, Dr. Wigle, Dr. Heartz, W. Brown, A. S. Rogers,
P. A. Walker, and H. S. Bland, the pastor, were the speakers.
This happy consummation was made possible largely by the en
terprise and liberality of Dr. Heartz.

After worshipping for several years in a school house at
Brookdale a modern and beautiful little church was erected and
dedicated on Nov. 23rd, 1924, in the pastorate of H. S. Bland,
the preachers being Revs. J. W. Bartlett and Wm. Brown, Drs.
Steele and Heartz and Rev. P. A. Walker giving addresses in the
afternoon. The site was donated by Mr. and Mrs. H. B. Reed
and the pulpit and furnishings by Mrs. Fred Shipley. The cost
of the church was $2,100 and at the dedication the expense was
fully provided for, as well as the necessary insurance.

NOVA SCOTIA 61

Amherst Head — This circuit, comprised of Amherst Head,
Shinimicas, Truemanville and Chapman Settlement, was former
ly part of the the Amherst circuit. In 1875, Amherst had W. L.
Cunningham as second man and, in 1876, had James Sharp.
These young men devoted their attention largely to this field. In
1877, Warren (including this territory) appeared as a separate
circuit. The circuit name was changed to Amherst Head in 1884.
Beginning with the separate circuit organization the ministers
have been as follows: 1877, C. W. Swallow; 1879, Wm. Purvis;
1882, J. Gee; 1885, W. I. Croft; 1888, W. Nightingale; 1891, j.
Astbury; 1892, W. H. Edyvean; 1895, D. B. Scott; 1897, C. W.
Swallow; 1900, R. M. Browne; 1903, J. M. Fisher; 1905, H. P.
Patterson; 1908, H. Burgess; 1911, J. E. Donkin; 1914, W. B. M.
Parker; 1917, G. T. Bryant; 1920, Supply; 1921, H. D. Town-
send; 1924, C. L. Gesner.

A new church was dedicated at Amherst Head on December
6th, 1891, in the pastorate of J. Astbury, the preachers being
Revs. W. H. Evans, J. Strothard, and Levi S. Johnson.

Nappan — This circuit, composed of Nappan, Maccan, Fen-
wick, and Upper Nappan, was formerly connected with the Am
herst circuit and portions of it with the former Parrsboro and
Maccan circuit. Early services were held at Nappan in the home
of Mr. Pike. Amherst had, as second men, in 1865 and 66, W.
Sargent and in 1867 and .68, R. B. Mack, whose services werei
specially devoted to this section of country. Nappan appears as
a separate circuit in 1869 with John M. Pike as pastor, followed
by 1870, Alex. S. Tuttle; 1871, J. M. Pike; 1873, J. A. Mosher;
1875, R. B. Mack; 1878, J. B. Giles; 1881, J. R. Borden; 1884,
R. McArthur; 1887, R. A. Daniel; 1888, C. W. Swallow; 1891,
J. Johnson; 1894, W. H. Evans; 1898, R. McArthur; 1903, W.
Brown; 1906, A. Daniel; 1910, G. F. Day; 1912, W. A. Outer-
bridge; 1916, J. H. Freestone; 1919, S. J. Boyce; 1923, T. E. Mc
Lennan.

At Nappan, the first church was built in 1855 during the
pastorate of Richard Smith at Amherst. The present church,
on a new site, was dedicated on January 21st, 1912 during the
pastorate of Geo. F. Johnson, the preachers being the Revs. Dr.
G. M. Campbell and Dr. W. H. Heartz. The dedicatory service
was conducted by Rev. J. W. Shepherdson, Chairman of the Dis
trict. The church cost $5,000. The old parsonage was sold and
a commodious new house erected adjoining the church. A new

62 HISTORY OP METHODISM

church at Fenwick was dedicated during the pastorate of R.
McArthur (1898-03).

River Hebert — This name first appears as the head of circuit
in 1886. It formerly belonged to the Nappan circuit. It includes
River Hebert, Minudie.

Joggins Mines was once an appointment but a few years ago
it was made a united charge with the Presbyterians, the latter
supplying the minister.

A parsonage was built at River Hebert and occupied in
January, 1900, during the pastorate of W. F. Cann.

The following ministers have been stationed here: 1886,
Thos. Wootton; 1887, A. Daniel; 1890, A. B. Higgins; 1893, P. H.
Robinson; 1895, W. M. Ryan; 1896, W. F. Cann; 1900, C. W.
Swallow; 1903, T. A. Bowen; 1906, J. Mader; 1909, J. A. Smith;
1913, H. T. Gornall; 1916, C. L. Gesner; 1919, W. J. Hird; 1921.
Supplied from Mt Allison; 1922, J. W. Bent; 1925, Supply.

Wallace — This community, early known by its Indian name
Ramsheg, was settled in 1784 by Loyalists, who, in the absence
of religious services, became dissipated and inattentive to all
moral and religious duties. Shortly after the settlement had
been scourged with disease and death, it was visited, in 1791,
by William Grandin, a Methodist preacher, in company with
Mr. Donkin, a Christian layman, from River Philp. On the
night of their arrival a dance was to be held at the home of
Thomas Huestis and Grandin asked the privilege of preach
ing to the assembly which was granted. A deep impression
was made and, on the following night, at the home of Stephen
Canfield, several were converted. This was the beginning of
a great change in the community and the establishment of
Methodism in all the settlements round about. William Black
visited the village during the next year and was greatly pleased
at the conditions which he found there, a great reformation hav
ing taken place among the people. In the year 1806 great re
vivals took place in many parts of the provinces and at Wallace,
under the ministry of Stephen Bamford, between thirty and forty
were added to the church. When James Dunbar was on the
Cumberland circuit (1815-18) and visited Wallace "Four socie
ties had been formed, eight or ten dwellings had been opened for
religious services, and a small church at Wallace, built about
H808, had been made the property of the Connexion. From the

NOVA SCOTIA 63

leaders and members of this section a strong appeal had been
made to the ministers assembled at Point de Bute, for more sat
isfactory pastoral supervision. Late in the autumn of 1816,
Thomas Payne, just from England, reported at Sackville, whence
Dunbar sent him to Wallace. During his eight months' stay in
that part of the country, he received into church fellowship
several persons whose influence, with that of their descendants,
has been of great value to the Methodist Church in various parts
of the Lower Provinces."

Stephen Canfield, already mentioned, became the first class-
leader in the community, and his home the welcomed resting
place of the visiting ministers. The well-known names of Hues
tis, Fulton and Tuttle appear amongst the early additions to the
church in Wallace and vicinity.

Seven or eight circuits are now found within the boundaries
of the old Wallace circuit. Many waves of religious power have
swept over that section of Nova Scotia. Perhaps none have ex
celled in influence the great revivals vouchsafed to the inspired
ministry of Wesley C. Beals, commencing in March, 1848, and
continuing till his departure in 1851, during which time nearly
six hundred persons had professed conversion during his four
years' ministry on the circuit. Several of these became ministers
of the gospel, as did the sons of others.

The following men entered the ministry from this circuit:
George 0. Huestis, Stephen T. Teed, Alexander S. Tuttle, Ste
phen F. Huestis, Jotham McC. Fulton, Silas Fulton, George M.
Campbell, John F. Betts, J. Mayhew Fisher, Bamford Tuttle, C.
Fisher, George A. Huestis, Lamert Stevens, M. David. The bro
thers, John, Levi S. and George F. Johnson, went from Bay
Head, only a few miles away but at that time that place was
connected with the River John circuit. Charles W. Swallow en
tered the ministry from Wentworth, then included in the Wallace
circuit.

A new church was dedicated at Wallace on Thursday, No
vember 24th, 1904, during the pastorate of J. B. Heal. The
preacher was Rev. G. M. Campbell, assisted by Dr. S. F. Huestis
and A. Hockin, Chairman of the District. A platform meeting
in the evening was addressed by Revs. G. O. Huestis, S. F. Hues
tis, G. M. Campbell, Silas Fulton (all natives of Wallace), J. S.
Coffin, D. Farquhar, E. W. Forbes and A. Hockin. J. S. Coffin
was the preacher on the first Sunday.

A reconstructed church at Malagash was dedicated on June

«4 HISTORY OF .METHODISM

14th, 1891, in the pastorate of G. F. Day, the Rev. J. B. Giles be
ing the preacher.

The parsonage at Wallace was destroyed by fire, in Novem
ber, 1876, during the pastorate of A. D. Morton and was replaced
by a commodious house on the same site.

The record of ministers on this field includes the names of
most who labored on the original Cumberland District, including
Wm. Black, W. Grandin, Benj. Wilson, D. Fidler, J. Marsden, J.
Knowlan, Stephen Bamford, Jas. Dunbar, Thos. Payne, G. Mil
lar, J. Snowball, M. Richey, J. G. Hennigar, T. H. Davies, J. V.
Jost, R. Weddall, W. C. Beals. Beginning with 1851, the list is
as follows: 1851, Richard Smith; 1853, W. McCarty; 1856, R.
A. Temple and D. Chapman; 1858, R. A. Temple and F. H. W.
Pickles; 1859, William Allen with J. S. Allen assistant in 1861;
1862, R. E. Crane; 1865, Geo. Johnson; 1868, T. Watson Smith;
1871, Robt. Wasson; 1874, A. D. Morton; 1877, Jos. Hale; 1880,
J. A. Mosher; 1883, J. Tweedy; 1886, A. D. Morton; 1889, G. F.
Day; 1891, W. A. Outerbridge; 1895, J. Astbury; 1898, J. W.
Shepherdson; 1901, J. B. Heal; 1905, D. Farquhar; 1908, F. J.
Pentelow; 1912, W. I. Croft; 1916, F. J. Pentelow; 1920, E. Plow
man; 1923, A. M. Angus; 1924, A. Thorpe.

Pugwash — This circuit, which now comprises Pugwash, Wal
lace Bay, Middleboro and Pugwash River, was formerly part of
the Wallace circuit, which also included Wentworth. In th«
minutes of 1857 a circuit named "Wallace and Pugwash" appear
ed in the Charlottetown District, with two ministers, the second
one, Douglas Chapman, residing at Pugwash. Then followed
F. H. W. Pickles in 1858. In 1859 Pugwash appeared as a sep
arate circuit, in the Truro District, with Wm. Ryan as pastor;
1860, J. R. Hart; 1861, J. J. Teasdale; 1862-67 it was united with
Wallace, the second men living at Pugwash, who were in 1862,
H. P. Cowperthwaite; 1864, C. Jost; 1866, C. H. Paisley. In
1868, Pugwash again appeared as a separate circuit with the fol
lowing: 1868, J. J. Colter; 1871, D. W. LeLacheur; 1873, R. A.
Daniel; 1875, James England and E. R. Brunyate; 1876, T. D.
Hart; 1879, I. E. Thurlow; 1880, E. E. England; 1883, A. D.
Morton; 1886, G. F. Johnson; 1889, J. B. Giles; 1892, B. Hills;
1896, R. Williams; 1901, D. Farquhar; 1905, C. M. Mack; 1908,
W. I. Croft; 1912, G. W. Whitman; 1916, A. Lund; 1919, A. M.
Angus; 1922, L. Daniel; 1923, W. B. M. Parker; 1925, W. J. W.
Swetnam. During the pastorate of W. C. Beals, in Wallace,

NOVA SCOTIA 65

(1847-51), a church was dedicated at Pugwash free from debt.
A remarkable revival took place at Pugwash, in 1865, during the
pastorate of Cranswick Jost, in which the whole community was
deeply moved. In those early days, Levi Borden, a devoted local
preacher, led the services in the absence of the pastor. Benny
Jones, a Welshman, residing at Dougherty Creek, was a man of
remarkable power in prayer and exhortation, whose quaint say
ings are still quoted in the community. A Mr. Tuttle, father of
the late Rev. Alex. S. Tuttle, was also a useful local preacher.
Revs. Geo. W. Tuttle, Alex. S. Tuttle, and Aubrey S. Tuttle
entered the ministry from this circuit, and here Rev. R. A. Daniel
found his wife (Miss Bent). A church at Port Howe was opened
on March 15, 1885, the preachers being A. D. Morton (the pas
tor), W. S. Darragh (Presbyterian), and Rev. Mr. Vickery
(Baptist) .

River Philip- -This section of country was first part of the
old Cumberland circuit. Then it became part of the Wallace
field, and became the circuit name of a separate field in 1851.
In 1852, Joseph Herbert Starr was sent there to take charge of
a pastorate extending from Westchester to Maccan, with a visit
to Londonderry once in each month. It also took in what are
now the Oxford and Leicester circuits. Sometimes it had two
men. The names of noted lay helpers are found to be prominent
in the early history, amongst them appearing Black, Donkin,
Oxley, and others.

In 1877, Oxford was set off as a separate circuit. The par
sonage was at River Philip for many years, the old one being
burned and replaced by a much more commodious one, which
latterly was sold and a fine new residence erected at Colling-
wood. A new church was erected at Glenville, and dedicated on
January 25th, 1885, the preachers being Revs. J. Cassidy and
E. E. England. A new church was dedicated at Collingwood on
February 4th, 1906, the Revs. W. G. Watson and E. B. Moore
being the preachers, and J. H. Davis the pastor.

The ministers on this circuit have been as follows: 1852, J.
H. Starr; 1855, R. E. Crane; 1859, Alex. M. DesBrisay; 1862, J.
L. Sponagle; 1865, J. R. Hart; 1867, W. Wilson; 1868, Wm.
Tweedy; 1871, Geo. Harrison; 1874, Wm. Alcorn (assisted by
Richey Bird, who lived at Oxford, in .75 and .76) ; 1877, Geo. W.
Tuttle: 1880, A. D. Morton; 1883, J. Craig; 1886, D. Hickey;
1890, H. Burgess; 1893, F. J. Pentelow; 1896, W. Nightingale;

66 HISTORY OF METHODISM

1900, J. Gee; 1904, J. H. Davis; 1907, C. H. Johnson; 1910, H.
J. Indoe; 1912, P. M. Hartley; 1913, H. C. McNeill; 1915, G. F.
Mitchell; 1916, L. E. G. Davies; 1919, F. J. Neal; 1921, F. J.
Scoates; 1924, J. A. Hart.

Oxford — This community was first known as the "Head of
the Tide." Early Methodist services were held in the homes of
Richard Thompson and Levi Brundage. In 1855, the first church
was built during the pastorate of R. E. Crane, on the River
Philip and Pugwash circuit. In the years 1875-76, when woollen
mills were erected and Oxford began to grow, Richey Bird, a
probationer, was appointed assistant on the River Philip circuit
and lived at Oxford. In 1877, Oxford was made a separate cir
cuit with Oxford, East and West Leicester, Gray's Road, Thomp
son Station and Mt. Pleasant at its appointments, and D. W.
Johnson was appointed as its first, resident, ordained minister.
A parsonage was built in 1878. An extensive revival occurred
at East Leicester in 1878, when many were added to the church.
A great revival spread through Oxford during the first pastorate
of J. L. Dawson (1885-88). A beautiful new church was dedi
cated at Oxford on February 6th, 1887, J. L. Dawson being pas
tor, and the preachers being Revs. C. Jost (President), Geo. F.
Johnson, and Prof. J. Burwash of Mt. Allison. In 1916, it was
thoroughly renovated. During the pastorate of W. H. Evans
(1888-91), East and West Leicester and Mt. Pleasant were made
a separate mission. In its early history of separate organization
Oxford had a fine band of stalwart laymen who most efficiently
conducted Sunday morning and other religious services. The
names of Thompson, Oxley, Davis, Wells, Hewson, Wood, Black
recall them. The Nova Scotia Conference was held at Oxford in
1909.

The following is the list of ministers: 1877, D. W. Johnson;
1880, E. R. Brunyate (Lamert Stevens supplied in the latter part-
of 1881-2) ; 1882, J. Cassidy; 1885, J. L. Dawson; 1888, W. H.
Evans; 1891, Jos. Gaetz; 1894, W. H. Langille; 1897, J. L. Daw-
son; 1900, C. E. Crowell; 1904, E. W. Forbes; 1907, A. B. Hig-
gins; 1911, W.H. Watts; 1915, W. J. Wright; 1918, J. W. O'Brien;
1922, F. J. Armitage.

Leicester — This mission was set apart from the Oxford cir
cuit in 1889 and had connected with it East and West Leicester,
Hastings, and Mt. Pleasant. A parsonage was built at East Lei-

NOVA SCOTIA 67

•cester in 1893 at a cost of $1400. It was destroyed by fire in
1923.

The following is the list of ministers: 1889, H. C. McNeill;
1890, T. A. Wilson; 1893, H. Burgess; 1896, L. Daniel; 1899, H.
C. McNeill; 1903, C. W. Swallow; 1905, J. A. Smith; 1909, J. W.
Shepherdson; 1912, J. A. Hart; 1915, W. R. Tratt; 1917-23, Sup
ply from Mount Allison; 1924, H. J. Wilkes; 1925, Supply.

Wentworth — This community was long connected with the
old Cumberland and Wallace circuits and later with Pugwash.
A church was erected and dedicated at Wentworth by Richard
Smith in 1851. The names of Bigney, Purdy, and Tuttle are
found amongst the active lay-workers of this community. A
wide spread revival occurred in 1865, under the ministry of R. E.
Crane and C. Jost. C. H. Paisley, who followed C. Jost, also
found this a fruitful field of labor.

In 1871, Wallace and Wentworth was the title of a circuit
with T, H. James in 1871, and Wm. Harrison, .72 and .73, re
sident at Wentworth. In 1874, Wentworth appeared as a separate
mission with "One to be sent" following it. The after record is,
1875, J. C. Ogden; 1876, W. G. Lane; 1878, F. H. Wright; 1879,
James Sharp; 1880, A. F. Weldon; 1882, G. W. F. Glendenning;
1883, G. W. Whitman; 1885, Supply; 1886, R. 0. Johnson; 1888,
T. Wootton; 1891, F. Friggens; 1894, J. W. Turner; 1897, C. E.
Crowell; 1898, J. B. Heal; 1901, J. A. Smith; 1905, C. W. Swal
low; 1907, Supply; 1908, H. G. Bandey; 1911, Supply; 1912, W.
R. Tratt; 1915, C. H. Johnson; 1918, W. S. Loring; 1921, J. W.
Hird; 1924, Supply (J. W. Hughes) ; 1925, J. W. Hughes. Revs.
C. W. Swallow and W. R. Tratt, retired ministers, made their
homes at Wentworth and have rendered valuable assistance to
the work. A new church was dedicated at Lake Road on June
4th, 1901, during the pastorate of J. B. Heal, Revs. R. McArthur
(President,) and Wm. Brown being the preachers.

A new parsonage was occupied in September 1889.

Parrsboro' — This district of country was early organized in
to what was known as the Parrsboro' and Maccan circuit, which
was one hundred and twenty miles in length. Though Parrsboro'
appeared as the first name of the circuit the principal church and
the parsonage were at Maccan thirty miles distant. The first
Methodist Church at Parrsboro was built about two miles out,
at the Cross Roads. In the early autumn of 1835, a settlement

68 HISTORY OF METHODISM

near the church was visited by two colored Methodists from
Halifax, one of whom was a man of unusual power in prayer.
Such a religious interest was aroused that William Smith, the
minister in charge, visited the community and assisted in the
movement, so that many were converted some of whom became
pillars in the church. In the intervals of the minister's visits,
John Lockhart, a devoted leader, assisted by others, maintained
regular Sunday services and for several months converts were
made in nearly every service. Amongst the latter was Christo
pher Lockhart,son of a leader, who afterwards entered the minis
try and became one of the most successful of the early Methodist
evangelists. The converts numbered more than a hundred.

A parsonage was purchased at the Cross Roads in 1856 and
the first minister to occupy it was James Buckley. Here Wm.
Ryan brought his bride from Bermuda in 1862.

The Bible that was used in the first church, presented by
Mr. Martin Black of Halifax, in 1827, is now preserved in the
archives at Mt. Allison.

The first Methodist Church in the town was built during
the pastorate of Richard Weddall, Snr., and dedicated on June
5th, 1859, the preachers being Revs. Dr. Pickard and J. R. Nar-
raway. A parsonage was erected adjoining the church. A new
parsonage, on a different site, was built during the pastorate of
W. H. Evans (1891-94). The need of a new church was long
felt and through the enterprise and effort of Rev. James Sharp,
a fine new lot was secured, and a beautiful church erected which
was dedicated on August 1st, 1897, the preacher of the day being
Rev. J. A. Rogers. The dedication was conducted by Rev. W.
H. Evans, Chairman of Cumberland District, assisted by Revs.
J. Johnson and J. Blesedell.

Shortly after the opening, special evangelistic services were
conducted by Crossley and Hunter, a great spiritual uplift com
ing to the town. Much credit is due the Rev. W. G. Lane through
whose untiring efforts the heavy debt was largely liquidated. In
his pastorate (1898-1902), the circuit became independent.

The following is the list of ministers beginning with 1853;
R. E. Crane; 1855, J. Buckley; 1858, R'd Weddall and James
Tweedy; 1860, J. S. Sponagle, assisted by C. S. Lane in .60 and
J. Shenton in .61; 1862, Wm. Ryan and J. Shenton; 1863, J.
Read and E. Slackford in .63, .64 and W. W. Colpitts in .65;
1866, R. Tweedy and D. W. LeLacheur in .66 and R. O'B. John-
son in .67, .68; 1869, Wm. Alcorn and J. Seller in .69, W. J.

NOVA SCOTIA 69

Eraser in .70 and J. F. Betts in .71 : 1872, D. B. Scott and J. F.
Betts in .72, .73 and W. F. Penny ' in .73; 1874, D. B. Scott;
1875, R. A. Daniel; 1878, J. B. Hemmeon; 1880, W. Alcorn;
1883, D. Hickey; 1886, C. Jost; 1889, A. D. Morton; 1890, S. B.
Dunn; 1891, W. H. Evans; 1894, J. Sharp and in .97, W. B. M.
Parker; 1898, W. G. Lane and E. W. Forbes in .98; 1902, J. E.
Hughson; 1903, W. F. Gaetz; 1904, J. S. Coffin; 1907, J. E. Don-
kin; 1911, W. J. W. Swetnam; 1914, B. J. Porter; 1917, A. Dan
iel; 1921, W. J. Wright; 1925, A. R. Reynolds. Rev. and Mrs.
Joseph Seller are spending the evening of their day in this town,
Mrs. Seller's native place.

Port Greville — This territory formed part of the Parrsboro
circuit till 1899 when it was formed into a separate circuit. It
built a commodious parsonage and erected an excellent new
church at Port Greville, which was dedicated on July 29th, 1900,
during the pastorate of T. A. Wilson, at a cost of $5,000. The
preachers at the dedication were Revs. Jos. Seller and A. D.
Morton.

The following have been the stationed ministers: 1899, T.
A. Wilson; 1903, H. C. McNeill; 1905, C. M. Tyler; 1909, E. E.
England; 1912, C. H. C. McLarren; 1915, D. Farquhar; 1918, H.
D. Townsend; 1921, T.A. Mosley; 1922, C.L. Gesner; 1924, Cyril
M. Curtis.

Southampton — This community was, for a long time, part of
the old Parrsboro and Maccan circuit. Indeed, for many years
the parsonage was situated there. In 1874, a circuit appears
under the name Maccan and Five Islands, with "One to be sent."
In 1877, the name was changed to Southampton. A new church
was built at Southampton and dedicated on Nov. 7th, 1875, dur
ing the pastorate of Geo. F. Johnson, the preachers being Revs.
J. Shenton and R. Tweedy. It was opened free from debt. Much
of the credit of the new church was given to the enterprise of
Mr. Charles Lawrence. A new parsonage was occupied in
December, 1884.

This circuit includes Southampton, Athol, Canaan, Maple-
ton (Maccan Mt.), Halfway River, Leamington, and West
Brook.

Maccan Mountain (Mapleton) , a small rural community,
has made a notable contribution to Methodism. Here resided
Matthew Lodge, a local preacher of rare eloquence and devotion

70 HISTORY OF METHODISM

whose services were welcomed over a large extent of country and
from whose home went out Revs. W. W. Lodge, D. H. Lodge, and
Mrs. (Rev.) Job Shenton. From this community also Rev.
William Brown, of eloquent speech, and Rev. Richey Bird, of
great devotion, whose career was cut short by tuberculosis, en
tered the ministry, and yet some people carp at the expense of
domestic missions from which many of our most useful ministers
have come. Methodism at Mapleton grew out of the fact that
amongst the early settlers were Joseph Lodge and Harry Bird,
English Methodists, and Peter Nelson, a Methodist from Den
mark. The first church at Mapleton was erected during the
Parrsboro' pastorate of James Buckley (1855-58). In the year
1866, a great revival took place at Mapleton under the Rev.
D. W. Le Laucheur, out of which, within a mile and a half of
the church, the four ministers mentioned were recruited for ser
vice. Henry Mills, an English Methodist of devoted life, and
some of his descendants were vital factors in Sunday School and
prayer-meeting services. James Sproul of Westbrook, a local
preacher of ability contributed a worthy support to the cause of
God on this wide field. Canaan Mountain gave Michael Atkin
son to the ministry. At Athol, the Dodsworths and Elderkins
gave of their influence and substance for the extension of Metho
dism and from this community Hibbert R. Baker, entered the
ministry rendering faithful service extending over many years.
The following is the list of ministers since the separate cir
cuit first appears on the Minutes: 1875, Geo. F. Johnson; 1876,
W. D. Baines; 1877, J. Craig; 1880, F. H. Wright; 1883, B. Hills;
1886, J. B. Giles; 1889, J. Craig; 1892, J. Astbury; 1896, G. F.
Johnson; 1898, J. Seller; 1901, G. W. Whitman; 1905, J. Lums-
den; 1908, C. H. C. McLarren; 1912, J. W. Prestwood; 1914, H.
D. Townsend; 1918, Supply; 1919, H. Cook; 1922, A. Mitchell;
1923, M. K. Charman. Mrs. (Rev.) G. F. Johnson is a native of
Southampton.

Five Islands — This community was visited by the early
Methodist ministers stationed at Maccan. In 1838, a class was
formed there by William Wilson. For some time a place of wor
ship was found in the house of John Fulmer, at whose suggestion
Robert Cooney first visited the settlement. This and another
settlement or two along that shore were supplied irregularly from
Southampton and sometimes from Parrsboro. Five Islands and
Halfway River appear in the Minutes of 1884 with "One to be
sent." Later were the following appointments: 1888, O. Gron-

NOVA SCOTIA 71

hind; 1889, B. Seaboyer; 1890, J. H. Toole; 1891, R. M. Browne;
1892-93, Supply (Jos. Simpson) ; 1894, C. M. Mack; 1895, H. D.
Townsend; 1896, W. B. M. Parker; 1897, J. Blesedell; 1899, Sup
ply (T. D. Hart, Sup'y) ; 1900, W. J. Wright; 1902, W. J. Lay-
ton. From 1903 it is marked "To be supplied," till about 1920
when this territory was united to the Presbyterians in co-opera
tive service. A new church was dedicated at Lynn on January
15, 1888, the preachers being Revs. C. Jost and J. B. Giles.

A new church was dedicated, during the supply of Rev. T. D.
Hart, on Oct. 18th, 1899, the opening services being conducted
by Rev. R. McArthur, Chairman of District, the preachers being
Revs. J. L. Batty and W. G. Lane.

Springhill — The name of this circuit was formerly 'Athol,'
and earlier the whole territory was part of the Parrsboro' and
Maccan circuit. It appears as a separate circuit in 1874 and as
the Springhill coal mines were developing that place became the
head of the circuit and its name became Springhill Mines in
1884, the mines portion being later dropped from the name. The
first Methodist church in this region was situated at Miller's
Corner, a mile and a half from the town, and was built long be
fore the opening of the coal mines. The first Methodist
church in the town, was built in 1874, during the pastorate
of Joseph Hale, on a lot donated by Nathan Boss. This church
was moved, in 1882, to a more central site donated by the
Springhill Mines Co., during the pastorate of John Craig. An
addition was made in 1884, during the first term of Eben E. Eng
land, and a large ell was added in 1888 during A. W. Nicolson's
pastorate.

A neat little mission church was erected at Miller's Corner,
during the pastorate of D. W. Johnson, and was dedicated on
June 26th, 1892, the Rev. Richard Smith being the preacher.

A parsonage was built in 1886 during the first pastorate of
E. E. England. Athol was taken from this circuit and connected
with Southampton. The present costly church was built during
the pastorate of H. B. Clarke, at an expense of $17,000. The
corner-stone was laid by R. H. Cooper, for many years treasurer
of the church, on July 16th, 1913, and the dedication took place
on March 29th, 1914, the preachers being Revs. J. W. Prestwood
(President) and Dr. W. H. Heartz.

The following is the list of ministers: 1874, Jos. Hale; 1877,
W. Alcorn; 1880, J. Craig; 1883, E. E. England; 1886, A. W.

72 HISTORY OF .METHODISM

Nicolson; 1889, D. W. Johnson; 1892, E. E. England; 1896, W.
H. Heartz; 1897, J. Gee; 1900, Wm. Brown; 1903, J. W. Prest-
wood; 1906, W. Ainley: 1909, W. J. Layton; 1912, H. B. Clarke;
1915, W. H. Rackham; 1918, H. Tomkinson; 1920, R. L. Nors-
vrorthy; 1924, B. J. Warr. The names of Boss, Cove (Dr.),
Cooper, Hall, Bennett, Humphries, Cargeeg, Proctor and Hayes
are intimately connected with the building up of this cause.

Advocate — This circuit was formerly connected with the
Parrsboro' and Maccan circuit. An extensive revival at Ad
vocate Harbor led to the organization of a church at that place in
1839 by William Wilson then at Maccan. Among the prominent
lay-workers were John E. Suthergreen, for many years class lead
er and circuit steward, William Fields, leader at Apple River,
David and George Loomer, Nathan Duff, Morton Ward, and
Douglas Allen of Allenville. About 1906 the churches were bad
ly shaken by the agitation of a sect calling themselves the Free
Church who set themselves to annihilate the denominations.

The appointments on this circuit are Advocate, Apple River,
Allenville and New Salem, Spencer's Island, and Fraserville. A
new church was built at Apple River during the pastorate of
Richey Bird (1877-79).

The parsonage was built forty years ago.

At least four methodist ministers married ladies from this
circuit — William Brown (Albina Morris), J. M. Fisher (Adelia
Suthergreen) , Alban Daniel (Lottie McCabe) , and J. W. McCon-
nell (Minnie A. Spicer).

Advocate first appeared as the head of a circuit in 1867 with
D. W. Le Lacheur as pastor. Then follow 1868, J. Seller; 1869,
A. F. Weldon; 1870 G. F. Day; 1872, J. M. Fisher; 1874, W.
Brown; 1876, R. W. Smith; 1877, R. Bird; 1879, C. W. Swallow;
1882, J. W. Howie; 1885, G. W. Whitman; 1888, H. Burgess;
1890, J. Appleby; 1893, F. W. W. DesBarres; 1896, F. J. Pente-
low; 1899, L. Daniel; 1902, F. E. Barrett; 1906, G. F. Mitchell;
1909, H. C. McNeill; 1911, R. C. Tait; 1912, W. J. Dean; 1916,
A. M. Angus; 1919, C. L. Gesner; 1922, H. Cook.

GUYSBORO DISTRICT

Guysboro' — A large number of loyalists and disbanded
troops, who had reached Nova Scotia at the close of the Ameri-

NOVA SCOTIA 73

can war, had settled at Guysboro', Manchester, and other por
tions of Guysboro county. A letter was sent to Win. Black re
questing him to send a minister among them but the remoteness
of the district and the scarcity of preachers prevented him from
doing so till 1808 when James Mann spent six weeks among them,
when a class-meeting was formed at Guysboro. In 1809, Wm.
Bennett made a visit, in connection with which many were spirit
ually blessed. Few following visits were made until in April,
1816, two young preachers came out from England and one of
them, John Fishpool, a powerful but eccentric preacher, was sent
to what appeared on the Minutes as "Manchester and the East
ern part of the Province." An itinerant by the name of Arm
strong appears to have labored there in 1817. In 1819, a small
church was built at Cook's Cove. In 1821, Charlotte Ann New
ton became a resident of Guysboro and became a great inspira
tion to the little Methodist cause. In 1882, Arthur McNutt ar
rived and met with such gracious results in his work that he went
to Halifax to report to the assembled ministers who appointed
him to that field where he remained for two years. "Two weeks
out of six were spent at Guysboro," the remaining four weeks be
ing devoted to journeys, generally on foot, along the shore be
tween Guysboro and Canso." He was succeeded by William Mur
ray just accepted as a candidate. A small Sunday School was
commenced by Christian women in 1822.

In early August, 1828, Revs. J. G. Hennigar and Wm. Webb
visited Guysboro and proposed the building of a church, which
met with the prompt offer of subscriptions and the donation of a
suitable site. When the young ministers reported to the Chair
man, he instructed Webb to take up his residence at Guysboro.'
"On Nov. 1st, 1829, the dedicatory services were conducted by the
young pastor assisted by Revs. J. G. Hennigar and Matthew
Cranswick. Ninety members were added to the church in the
early months of 1834. Among these were Joseph and Charlotte
Hart, from whose fireside three sons and one daughter went into
the itinerancy, fourth son becoming a local preacher." The
Anglican clergymen here, as was true in many other places, perse
cuted the young preachers, but the doughty Alex. W. McLeod,
in a series of letters on "The Methodist Ministry Defended,"
put a stop to his unwarranted pretensions to lordship over others
than those of his own communion.

Nearly all parts of this extensive circuit were blessed with
revivals in 1851-52 under the ministry of Wm. McCarty, and

74 HISTORY OF (METHODISM

about that time churches were built at Canso, the Intervale, and
Manchester. Farther gracious revivals occurred in Guysboro' in
1855 under the ministry of James R. Narraway.

From the original extended circuit has grown five other cir
cuits. The present circuit includes Guysboro', Cook's Cove,
Roachvale, and Dortt's Cove. This old circuit has made a not
able contribution to the ranks of the Methodist ministry in the
persons' of Joseph, James R., and Thomas D. Hart, Cranswick
Jost, Geo. W. Whitman, F. W. W. DesBarres, and Henry M.
Tory. It also gave wives to Revs. William Smith, J. J. Teasdale,
Geo. W. Tuttle, Thomas Gaetz, Isaac E. Thurlow and William
Purvis.

The original church was superseded by a new one which was
dedicated on August 28th, 1859, during the pastorate of G. O.
Huestis. The architect was Rev. George Butcher. This church
was thoroughly renovated and rededicated in the fall of 1908, the
Revs. C. Jost and J. J. Teasdale being the preachers, and A. D.
Morton the pastor.

The following have been the pastors since 1830: 1830, Wm.
Smith; 1833, M. Cranswick; 1835, T. H. Davies; 1837, Robt.
Cooney; 1838, A. W. McLeod; 1841, John Marshall; 1844, J. V.
Jost; 1847, J. Buckley; 1850, R. Smith; 1851, Wm. McCarty;
1854, J. R. Narraway. The names of the assistants before this
date we cannot find. The work had so developed on this wide
field that three preachers were required the others besides the
superintendent, mentioned first, residing at Manchester, Canso
and other places. Resuming at 1855, we find J. R. Narraway,
Thos. Gaetz, and W. C. McKinnon; 1856, J. R. Narraway, T.
Gaetz, Geo. Butcher, S. T. Teed ; 1857, G. O. Huestis, W. Perkin,
J. Howie; 1858, G. 0. Huestis, Jos. Sutcliffe, J. J. Teasdale; 1859,
G. 0. Huestis, S. F. Huestis, J. J. Teasdale; 1860, G. S. Milligan,
I. E. Thurlow, R. M. Smith; 1861, G. S. Milligan, R. Morton, I.
E. Thurlow; 1862, G. W. Tuttle, R. Morton, J. B. Hemmeon;
1863, G. W. Tuttle, J. Johnson, J. B. Hemmeon; 1864, G. W. Tut
tle, J. Johnson, T. J. Deinstadt; 1865, J. Burns, T. J. Deinstadt;
1866, J. Burns, W. W. Lodge; 1868, Geo. Johnson, Levi. S. John
son; 1870, J. Cassidy, W. Dobson; 1872, J. V. Jost, Thos. H.
James; 1873, E. Brettle, R. Bird. As circuits were cut off the
number of ministers on the Guysboro circuit decreased; 1874, E.
Brettle; 1875, J. R. Borden; 1878, J. Tweedy; 1881, P. Prest-
wood; 1882, W. Purvis; 1885, W. H. Evans; 1888, J. Sharp; 1891,
J. G. Angwin; 1894, W. Purvis; 1897, W. I. Croft; 1901, J. Seller;

NOVA SCOTIA 75

1904, J. Gee; 1907, A. D. Morton; 1911, W. H. Evans; 1914, J.
B. Heal; 1917, L. Daniel; 1922, E. W. Forbes; 1923, John Phal-
cn.

Canso — The earliest attempts at Protestant public religious
worship in Canso date back to 1815 when Abraham Whitman, a
recent settler from Chester, endeavoured to secure the observance
of the Sabbath and the institution of public worship. Associated
with him was David Barss, who carried on an extensive fish
business. These two men, Mr. Whitman, a Congregationalist,
and Mr. Barss, a Methodist, conducted religious worship on al
ternate Sundays until the death of Mr. Barss, in 1820, put an end
to this co-partnership in religious effort.

Mainly through the effort of Mr. Whitman, a Congregation
alist church was built in 1824 and any Protestant minister visit
ing the place was invited to preach in it. The first Methodist
Church was built in 1851 on a site donated by Mr. A. N. Whit
man. For some time previous to this Canso had been visited by
itinerant Methodist preachers and this community was made part
of the Guysboro' circuit, a young man residing here under the
superintendence of the Guysboro' minister.

In 1874, Canso, Crow Harbor (Queensport) and White Head
were formed into a separate circuit, with Jesse B. Giles as the
first resident ordained minister, and in 1875 a parsonage was
built.

In 1887, Canso attained the dignity of financial independ
ence and in 1889 it was made a separate charge being disassocia
ted from Queensport and White Head. The growth of the con
gregation rendered necessary a larger church and during the
fruitful pastorate of William Ryan an excellent and handsome
church, seating six hundred people, was erected, at a cost of
$7,800, the dedication taking place in 1890, the preacher being
Rev. J. S. Coffin, President of the Conference. The names of
David Barss, James Tate, J. W. Young, Hector Gordon, Joshua
Whitney, A. W. Hart, and I. J. Whitman are intimately associat
ed with the early establishment of Methodism here. Later
strong support was given to the cause by Henry R. Narraway,
formerly of Pictou, and by officials of the Cable Station and their
families, notably the Dunhams, Chitticks, McLeans and Newn-
hams, and, at this time of writing (1924), by the superintendent
Mr. Cameron, Mr. Walter Chittick and Mr. J. J. McKenzie ren
dered long and faithful service as superintendents of the Sunday

76 HISTORY OF METHODISM

School. A band of devoted women greatly helped to build up the
church.

The following is the list of ministers since 1874, Jesse B.
Giles; 1876, J. G. Bigney; 1879. J. W. Howie; 1882, J. Astbury;
1885, F. A. Buckley; 1888, W. Ryan; 1891, A. C. Borden; 1894,
G. J. Bond; 1895, D. W. Johnson; 1898, A. Hockin; 1901, W. M.
Ryan; 1904, J. E. Donkin; 1907, E. W. Forbes; 1910, C. E.
Crowell; 1911, J. S. Coffin; 1912, B. Hills; 1913, H. Tomkinson
(Walter Black, Supply during part of 1915-16, during war ser
vice of pastor, and D. Hickey, Sup'y, supply -in 1916) ; 1917, P.
M. Hartley; 1919, L. E. G. Davies; 1923, E. E. Graham.

A commodious new parsonage was built in 1910. In 1924,
extensive reconstruction and renovation were done to the church
and the steeple removed. The reopening and Jubilee of the cir
cuit's separate existence were duly celebrated on Nov. 9th, 1924r
Rev. D. W. Johnson a former pastor, being the preacher.

Whitehead and New Harbor — In 1889, Whitehead, Queens-
port, Tor Bay and New Harbor were formed into a separate mis
sion. A church was built at Whitehead in 1881. A new church
was built at Tor Bay and dedicated March 1923, the preacher
being E. W. Forbes. The following is the list of pastors: 1889,
W. F. Cann; 1890, A. J. Reynolds; 1891, R. O. Armstrong. New
Harbor was worked as a separate mission in 1891 with A. J. Rey
nolds as pastor for two years and 1893 by H. B. Baird, then it
was re-united to Whitehead in 1894 with R. M. Jost, pastor;
1895, Supply; 1896, G. F. Mitchell. In 1897, W. C. Schlichter,
and 1898, C. W. Mack were at Whitehead, and in the same years-
(1897) H. P. Patterson and (1898) Aubrey S. Tuttle were at New
Harbor. After that they continued to be united as follows: 1899,.
Supply (D. K. Smith) ; 1904, H. G. Bandey; 1906, Supply; 1909,
C. G. Hockin; 1912, Supply; 1913, J. Adamson; 1914, J. Mader;
1915, F. J. Scoates; 1917, D. G. Deal; 1918 to .25, Supplies.

Liscomb and Country Harbor — This region of country, form
erly of the old Guysboro' circuit, appears under a variety of
names in the Minutes — Goldenville, Country Harbor, Stormont,
Liscomb and Country Harbor respectively. At Goldenville, once
flourishing for a short time as a gold mining centre, a mission was
started in 1871 with Augustus B. Morris as pastor; 1872, Supply;
1873, John Craig; 1874, R. Bird. Under the name Country Har
bor, it continued, 1875, J. H. Davis; 1876, H. P. Doane"; 1877,.

NOVA SCOTIA 7?

Starr Black; 1878, R. Williams; 1879, W. H. Langille; 1880,
Geo. Johnson (B) ; 1881 to .84, "One Wanted". It then drops out
till 1895 when C. A. Munro was appointed, the circuit name ap
pearing as "Stormout"; 1896, J. A. Hart; 1899, A. Lund (with
parsonage at Liscomb) ; 1902, H. P. Patterson; 1905, C. W. Por
ter-Shirley; 1907, Percy Johnson; 1910, E. E. Graham; 1911, To
be supplied; 1913, E. Plowman; 1914, Supply; 1915, W. J. Hird;
1916, name Liscomb and Country Harbor, supply; 1917, J. Col-
lind; 1918, A. D. Embree; 1920 and 21, Supply; 1922, N. J.
Thomas; 1923, Supply.

A church was erected at Country Harbor Cross Roads and
dedicated, on March 18th, 1894, Rev. J. G. Angwin being the
preacher.

In the autumn of 1892, Mr. and Mrs. Wm. McDonald,
whole-hearted Methodists, returned from the United States to
Liscomb, which was an Anglican community, and invited others
to join with them in religious worship. Rev. C. A. Munro visited
them in Dec., 1894, and met with Anglican opposition. With tht
Conference Year of 1895 fortnightly services were begun and
fourteen members joined in class. In the winter of 1895-96, Mr.
Munro was assisted by Mr. Herd in evangelistic services, and J.
A. Hart, his successor was assisted by Alex. S. Tuttle in similar
services so that the cause was greatly strengthened. A neat
church was built and dedicated on January 30th, 1898, Rev. D.
W. Johnson, President of the Conference, being the preacher.

Boylston (Manchester) — The circuit name of Manchester, an
offshoot from Guysboro', appears first in the minutes of 1865.
Churches were built at Manchester and the Intervale about 1851-
52 when a wide-spread revival occurred in that region under
William McCarty's ministry. Services had previously been held
for years in a dwelling house and on Summer Sundays in the
open air.

The following were stationed here: 1865, J. G. Bigney; 1868,
I. E. Thurlow; 1871, E. Mills; 1873, T. D. Hart (assisted in .75
by J. W. Shepherdson) ; 1876, J. R. Hart; 1877, E. E. England;
1880, Joseph Hale; 1883, W.Alcorn; 1885, H. Burgess; 1886, Wm.
Nightingale. The circuit name was changed to Boylston in 1887,
and the parsonage built there. 1888, R. B. Mack; 1891, F. J.
Pentelow; 1893, H. C. McNeill; 1896, S. R. Ackman; 1897, G. F.
Day; 1900, H. D. Townsend; 1904, Supply (D. K. S.), 1907, W.
R. Tratt; 1910, W. H. Rackham; 1912, G. F. Mitchell; 1915,

78 HISTORY OF METHODISM

R. M. Browne; 1918, G. F. Mitchell; 1922, F. L. Rice; 1923, Sup
ply; 1925, J. W. Hird.

This circuit includes Boylston, Intervale, Manchester and
Port Shoreham.

Mulgrave — The Methodist cause here was started by the
ministers from Guysboro and, later, Boylston. In the year 1863
a church almost ready for use was completely destroyed in a
furious gale. After a decade another church was started but it
with two other churches were swept down by the great gale of
August 25th, 1873. Another church was built and on August
18th, 1878, it was dedicated, the preachers being Revs. J. Cas-
sidy, J. A. Mosher, and Eben E. England, of Boylston, the pas
tor. The present church was built in about the centre of the town
in 1911 and was dedicated on January 7th, 1912, at a cost of
$3,000, the pastor being J. N. Ritcey, and the preachers Revs.
J. N. Ritcey, J. Astbury and W. H. Rackham.

The comfortable parsonage, adjoining the church, was built
during the pastorate of R. 0. Armstrong, being occupied in Dec.
1897. The church at Bayfield was built about 1876 and the
church at Milford in 1910, through the efforts of Mrs. William
Critchett.

The appointments on this circuit are Mulgrave, Bayfield
and Melford.

The following is the list of pastors: 1895, J. Mader; 1896,
R. 0. Armstrong; 1899, S. Jefferson; 1902, W. B. M. Parker;
1905, A. Lund; 1908, Supply; 1909, J. N. Ritcey; 1912, E. Plow
man; 1913, J. Mader; 1914, A. J. Reynolds; 1917, J. B. Heal;
1918, J. Sharp; 1920, F. J. Pentelow. 1925, Supply.

Port Hood — Port Hood circuit is the only Protestant cause
on the western shore of Cape Breton between Hastings and
Mabou, a distance of 40 miles. It is the only Methodist cause
on this shore between Hawkesbury and Ingonish, a distance of
100 miles. Methodism near here first took root at North East
Margaree. The little Methodist Church still stands on the wood
ed hillside that looks down upon beautiful Margaree Valley. It
is used once every second Sunday by the Congregationalists who
have a stationed minister in that district. But for a number of
years the Methodist Church has not touched this point.

Port Hood Methodism owes its origin, and early growth
largely to "A mother in Israel." Ann Ross of North East Mar-

NOVA SCOTIA 79

garee, 85 years ago, married John Smith of Port Hood Island and
settled there. The Smiths who were U. E. L. and had come from
Cape Cod were Presbyterians. Ann Ross brought with her
from her Methodist home in Margaree an undying love of the
Methodist Church and its traditions, — and from the time of its
inception at Port Hood nursed and cherished it with unwearied
hands and unfaltering courage. The sons who settled here caught
the contagion of the mother's example. No cause ever felt its
loss more distinctly than this lone cause when in the winter of
1924, the two oldest sons, Joshua and Hezekiah, within 12 days
of each other, went up to their coronation.

The first record of any Quarterly Official Board Meeting
was in the year 1878. George Johnson (B) was pastor, Joshua
Smith was Rec. Steward. The appropriation for salary was $231.
Mr. Johnson actually received for that year $151. There were
at this time fourteen members on the Island, nine on the Main
land and seven at Margaree. That the spirit of Methodism is
the spirit of Missions we are reminded, for the record of a mis
sionary meeting held the following year is given. Rev. J. A.
Mosher was present, read the 72nd Psalm, opened the meeting
with prayer and gave the address of the evening. He closed his
remarks with the story of a boy who caught a fox and gave the
proceeds to the cause of missions.

During the early eighties there appears to have been some
spirited discussions in the Q. 0. B. over the division of the Cir
cuit. Margaree, which was 50 miles distant, wanted a minister
of her own. About this time Baddeck appears in the minutes as
a new appointment, thus forming a charge with the shiretowns
of Inverness and Victoria Counties as its southern and northern
boundaries. A strongly worded protest was made to Conference
against the arrangement and a request that the territory be di
vided into two circuits. At a later meeting it was resolved that
unless the re-adjustment asked for was granted the support to
the minister would be withdrawn. The reason was that it was a
physical impossibility for one man to cover such an area and
begin to do justice to his work. About this time the Methodists
of Port Hood withdrew from the old Union Church where they
had worshipped and built the present structure. The present
parsonage was purchased about the same time. This was during
the pastorate of Rev. R. S. Stevens. The church was dedicated
on September 5th, 1886, at a cost of $2,700, free from debt. The
preachers were Revs. J. S. Coffin and J. Astbury. At this time

80 HISTORY OF METHODISM

appears the name of E. D. Tremaine, Esq., as chairman of the
Building Committee. For nearly half a century Mr. Tremaine
was a valued member of the Q. O. B. Unerring in his business
instinct, his counsel was always sought in matters of importance.
While all his life a member of the Anglican Church he was loyal
to Port Hood Methodism. The Methodist pastor ministered to
him in his last hours, and the funeral was held from the church
where he had always been a worshipper and communicant by the
same pastor. He died in the winter of 1924 a little previous to
the passing of the Smith brothers.

A new church at Port Hood Island was dedicated on March
27th, 1904, at a cost of $2,000, during the second pastorate of R.
S. Stevens, the preachers being Revs. J. Seller and R. M. Browne,
several ministers taking part in the afternoon service.

When the mines ceased operations, the Presbyterian minister
withdrew. For a time their Sunday School was continued but,
in 1923, the Methodists and Presbyterians became a United
Church in spirit if not in formal organization and a fine spirit
of co-operation prevailed among the people.

The following is the list of ministers: 1874, Wm. Purvis;
1875, W. G. Lane; 1876, Supply; 1877, Michael Atkinson; 1878,
Geo. Johnson (B.) ; 1880, W. A. Outerbridge; 1882, Thos. Woot-
en; 1884, R. S. Stevens; 1887; C. H. Huestis; 1890, J. B. Hem-
meon; 1892, James Tweedy; 1897, R. M. Browne; 1900, R. S.
Stevens; 1904, F. J. Pentelow; 1908, J. Blesedell; 1911, Josiah
Martin; 1914, J. H. Davis; 1917, R. Williams; 1919, P. M. Hart
ley; 1922, A. M. Angus; 1923, A. J. Reynolds.

Port Hawkesbury — This community, formerly known as Ship
Harbor, was early visited by Jersey and Guernsey merchants
who established an extensive fish-curing station there. Andrew
le Bracy, local agent for the firm, with the aid of several others,
had, in 1828, built a small church, which they offered to the
Wesleyan Missionary Society on condition that a minister should
at once be sent to occupy it. J. G. Hennigar, a young minister
who afterwards became much beloved and honored, was sent-
from Sydney and entered upon a fruitful ministry so that, in a
few months, he had gathered twenty members into the Church.
He also visited the neighboring communities.

Tradition has it that one of the earliest Methodists to reach
Ship Harbor was Benjamin Chappell, local preacher, and first
Methodist in Prince Edward Island, whilst visiting the Jersey

NOVA SCOTIA 81

firm on business. Soon after, two brothers, James and William
Buck, also from P. E. Island, the former of whom was a local
preacher, came to the Strait and held evangelistic services at
Plaster Cove, now Port Hastings, creating considerable interest.
A parsonage was provided at Ship Harbor in 1852, but the break
ing up, soon afterwards, of the principal business establishments,
and the removal of several members, led to the partial abandon
ment of the mission for several years, so that it was very irregu
larly supplied. In 1848 the church was loaned to the Congrega-
tionalists, but on the formation of the Eastern British American
Conference the mission was resumed to be steadily continued.

The old 1828 church did service till 1883 when a new church
was erected, during the pastorate of C. W. Swallow, and dedi
cated on January 13th, 1883, the Rev. Geo. W. Tuttle, Mr.
Swallow's immediate predecessor, being the preacher. The build
ing cost $3,000 and was opened free from debt. A new church
was dedicated at Sunnyside, on December 17th, 1893, during the
pastorate of R. B. Mack, the Rev. J. G. Angwin, Chairman of
District, being the preacher. A new church was dedicated at
Melville on May 3rd, 1902, during the pastorate of W. F. Cann.
During the term of R. McArthur, 1903-06, a chancel was built
on the north end of the Hawkesbury church and the walls of the
main church sheathed over the plaster. In 1923, a new concrete
foundation was placed under the whole church.

The appointments on this circuit are Port Hawkesbury,
Sunnyside, Port Malcolm, and Melville.

The following is the list of ministers: 1829, J. G. Hennigar;
1830, Matthew Cranswick; 1833, Thos. Crosthwaite; 1835, Thos.
H. Davies; 1838, A. W. McLeod; no regular Supply from 1840
to 1854; 1854, W. G. T. Jarvis; 1857, Charles Gaskin; 1858, S.
F. Huestis; 1859, Jos. Sutcliffe; 1861, John Johnson; 1862, J. W.
Howie; 1865, E. Slackford; 1868, J. G. Bigney; 1869, A. E. Le-
Page; 1872, A. F. Weldon; 1875, Jos. B. Hemmeon; 1878, J. A.
Mosher; 1880, G. W. Tuttle; 1882, C. W. Swallow; 1885, J. Ast-
bury; 1888, F. A. Buckley; 1891, R. B. Mack; 1894, C. W.
Swallow; 1897, W. Purvis; 1900, W. F. Cann; 1903, R. McAr
thur; 1906, D. Hickey; 1907, W. H. Evans; 1911, J. Astbury;
1915, J. Sharp; 1918, C. H. C. McLarren; 1922, N. Coll; 1924, R.
L. Roach.

Margaree — Smith's History says: "From Margaree an
earnest request was forwarded in 1833 for the appointment of a

82 HISTORY OF METHODISM

minister to that part of the island, but the Committee could give
no response to this appeal until 1836, when a minister was direct
ed by the chairman to spend two thirds of his time at Ship Har
bor (Hawkesbury) and Arichat and the remaining third at
Margaree. Even this arrangement was but temporary."

Beginning with 1855, we find the following record of minis
terial supply: 1855, James Burns; 1856, A. W. Nicolson; 1857,
S. I. Teed; 1858, J. W. Howie; 1859, I. E. Thurlow; 1860, J. J.
Teasdale; 1861, A. S. Tuttle; 1862, J. Johnson.

The Margaree region was afterwards supplied from Port
Hood, Hawkesbury, or Baddeck.

SYDNEY DISTRICT

Sydney — When the Conference of Eastern British America
was organized, in 1855, there were only two circuits in Cape
Breton reported in the Minutes — Sydney and Margaree — and
they were connected with the Charlottetown District and, com
bined, had a membership of 126. In 1924 there were eleven
circuits with 1179 full members and 113 catechumen members
and a Sunday School attendance of 1800. For convenience, two
of the Cape Breton circuits — Port Hood and Port Hawkesbury—
are connected with the Guysboro District and the other nine
form the Sydney District.

In Cape Breton, as in many other places, the first Methodist
workers were laymen. John Watts, a devout Methodist sergeant,
was at Sydney in 1789 and carried on a gracious ministry
amongst the soldiers of the 21st regiment and others in cottage
services, but it was through the influence of John George Mar
shall, Chief-Justice of Cape Breton, that Methodism made its
official entry to Sydney. Brought up as an Anglican he became
dissatisfied with the then rector and, being an earnest student
of the word of God and having found the joy of salvation, he be
gan to conduct religious services in private houses associated
with Thomas Crawley, Andrew Sellon and Peter de Lisle, the
house of the last mentioned being the most frequent place of
meeting. These men planned for and with little delay erected
a small meeting house. They first tried to secure a Congrega-
tionalist establishment but, failing in that, Chief Justice Mar
shall visited Halifax in 1829 at the time of the meeting of the
Methodist District meeting and so strong was his appeal that

NOVA SCOTIA 83

James G. Hennigar, a young man then in his probation, was
immediately sent to Sydney to "hold the fort" until a minister
could be secured from England. This he did with great success,
his pleasing ways and inspiring ministry winning many friend^
and converts. On the arrival of Matthew Cranswick from Eng
land, who carried on the good work with ability and success, Mr.
Hennigar was transferred to Ship Harbor (Hawkesbury) . In
the first year at Sydney 36 members were reported and crowded
congregations. Among the converts was John McKinnon, a
lieutenant of the 104th regiment, whose son, William C. McKin
non, became a most devoted minister in the Methodist church,
his very promising career being cut short by death after only
nine years of service. The early ministers at Sydney visited all
the surrounding communities on both sides of the harbor and
constrained men and women to enter the Kingdom of God.

Gracious revivals have, from time to time, visited this com
munity. Of more modern special visitations reference is made
of an evangelistic campaign carried on, in 1877, by the co-opera
tion of several pastors of the town and the Y. M. C. A., when
the whole town was deeply moved.

In 1866, the old chapel was superseded by a new church ad
joining it, the situation being on the west side of Charlotte street,
near to the Park Gate. This newer church (Jubilee) , was mov
ed, in 1880, from the original site to a more central position on
the corner of Dorchester and George Streets, and at the same
time it was altered, enlarged and beautified. In 1895, it was
enlarged and again in 1901 to accommodate the growing congre
gation and Sunday School. In 1910, a new parsonage was built.
On October 17th, 1920, during the pastorate of C. E. Crowell,
the corner-stone of a splendid new church was laid on George
Street, and on June 26th, 1921, it was dedicated, the morning and
evening preacher being Rev. Dr. Chown, General Superintendent,
the afternoon platform service being addressed by Rev. Dr. H.
Wigle and Rev. Dr. J. M. Mclntosh, Presbyterian. This church
was erected at a cost of nearly $100,000.

Besides W. C. McKinnon, already mentioned, John W. and
Isaac Howie, brothers, entered the ministry from the "Forks", a
short distance from Sydney, the first entering the work in 1857
and the second in 1861, a daughter of the latter, the widow of
the late Arthur Hockin, Jnr., who laid down his life in serving
the famine stricken people of China, is carrying on, in that dis
tant land, the holy work of her sainted husband.

84 HISTORY OF METHODISM

This and neighboring communities are materially affected
by the fluctuations of business in connection with the great steel
and coal operations carried on in the vicinity.

The names of Burchell, Brookman, Burns, Jost, Liscomb,
Lorway, Morley, Muggah, Harrington and Young have been in-
fluentially associated with the history of this church. Rev. J. G.
Angwin has spent many years of retirement in Sydney and haa
rendered most helpful service to the church.

The following is the list of pastors: 1829, James G. Henni-
gar; 1829, Matthew Cranswick; 1830, Wm. Webb; 1831, John
Marshall; 1834, John Snowball; 1836, Wm. Webb; 1838, J. Mc-
Murray; 1839, S. D. Rice; 1840, T. H. Davies; 1843, J. Buckley;
1847, J. V. Jost; 1851, R. E. Crane; 1853, A. McL. DesBrisay;
1855, J. H. Starr; 1857, F. W. Moore; 1860, G. 0. Huestis; 1863,
Roland Morton; 1866, P. Prestwood; 1869, J. V. Jost; 1872, W.
Alcorn; 1874, J. G. Angwin; 1877, J. Cassidy; 1879, J. S. Coffin;
1882, W. H. Evans; 1885, W. Purvis; 1888, J. S. Coffin; 1891, F.
A. Buckley; 1893, D. Hickey; 1896, C. Jost; 1899, C. H. Huestis;

1903, F. W. W. DesBarres; 1906, J. L. Batty; 1910, J. W. Mc-
Connell; 1914, J. W. Bartlett; 1918, C. E. Crowell; 1923, A. S.
Rogers.

Sydney (Victoria Road) — The establishment of a great steel
plant in Sydney so increased the population and extended the
settlement that to meet the needs of the people a site was pur
chased in the Whitney Pier section and a church built, during
the pastorate of A. D. Richard. It was dedicated on November
3rd, 1901, Rev. C. H. Huestis of Jubilee Church conducting the
service and Rev. D. W. Johnson being the preacher. The building
had besides the auditorium, reading rooms, a shower bath, and
other rooms for social service work. This was the pioneer insti
tutional church of Cape Breton. The work developed finely and
after a few years assistance from Jubilee Church it became
independent. A parsonage was secured and a married man sta
tioned there in 1919.

The following have served as pastors: 1901, A. D. Richard;

1904, J. N. Ritcey; 1905, W. J. W. Swetnam; 1906, D. H. Corley;
1908, H. T. Gornall; 1909, H. Tomkinson; 1910, C. E. Hellens;
1911, E. W. Forbes; 1914, L. A. Buckley; 1917, A. W. Dycer;
1919, E. Baines; 1922, J. G. Stone; 1925, E. W. Forbes. This
church, in association with local Presbyterian pastors, has done
much good social service work in the community.

NOVA SCOTIA 85

Italian Mission — For a few years, beginning with 1912, a
mission for work among the many Italian laborers connected
with the steel works was established and an Italian missionary
appointed, but as the populace was of fluctuating and uncertain
character that special work was dropped or merged into a United
Mission for work among all foreigners in the district supported
by the missionary societies of the Presbyterian and Methodist
churches.

North Sydney — This community has long been a place of
interest because of its splendid harbor, a good shelter in time of
storm, and also because it is the shipping port of the Sydney
Mines Coal and Steel products. The few Methodists who first
gathered here were visited by the Sydney minister, services being
held in the old "Bethel", which for many years was the only
church occupied by the Protestant denominations. In 1876, each
of the four Protestant communions began to build a separate
place of worship. The neat Methodist church was dedicated
on February 2nd, 1879, the preachers being J. Cassidy and W. L.
Cunningham. This church was greatly enlarged during the pas
torate of Geo. F. Johnson. The parsonage was built during the
pastorate of Joseph Hale (1886-89) and enlarged during the term
of James Sharp (1898-1901). To make room for the rebuilding
and enlarging of the church, the parsonage was moved in 1901,
in the term of D. W. Johnson.

Beginning with the construction work of the great steel plant
many people flocked into the Sydneys, so that the North Sydney
church could not accommodate the congregation and the church
was greatly enlarged and practically rebuilt in 1901-02, during
the pastorate of D. W. Johnson. It was dedicated on May 25th,
1902, the preachers being Rev. W. G. Lane (President) and Rev.
Geo. F. Johnson, both former pastors. During the pastorate of
B. J. Warr, the basement was finished and additional room made
for Sunday School and social work.

North Sydney became a separate circuit in 1881. The names
of Morley, Moffatt, Nesbitt, Hackett, and Salter are mentioned
in connection with the early history and struggles of the church.

The following is a list of the pastors; 1872, Wm. Tippitt;
1873, W. Baines; 1875, J. Astbury; 1876, W. A. Bennett; 1878,
W. L. Cunningham; 1879, D. Hickey; 1881, J. B. Giles; 1883,

F. H. Wright; 1886, J. Hale; 1889, G. W. F. Glendenning; 1892..

G. F. Johnson; 1895, W. G. Lane; 1898, J. Sharp; 1901, D. W.

86 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Johnson; 1904, J. Seller; 1907, T. A. Wilson; 1910, J. Phalen;
1912, W. R. Turner; 1916, J. Appleby; 1920, B. J. Warr; 1924,
W. R. Seeley.

In 1925 following Church Union this congregation amalga
mated with the former Presbyterian congregation, the church of
the latter being chosen as the place of worship.

Sydney Mines — Early attention was directed towards this
community by the discovery there of great coal beds, the opera
tions of the General Mining Association, and later by the large
developments made there by the Nova Scotia Steel and Coal
Company. Among the early settlers were a few Methodist Eng
lish miners. Tradition has a story that the first religious service
held among them was conducted, in 1813, by a pious corporal
connected with a company of soldiers then stationed at a block
house situated in that place. The community was visited in 1829
by J. G. Hennigar, the first Methodist minister located at Syd
ney. He made his first visit by crossing the harbor in a canoe
and landing at Indian Cove. His successors at Sydney frequent
ly rode around the head of the Arm on horseback, some twenty
miles, to minister to the pioneers of this settlement. A small
church was begun at the Mines in 1837 and finished in 1840.
This building was practically rebuilt and was re-dedicated on
May 22nd, 1881, by Rev. Joseph S. Coffin.

When North Sydney became a separate circuit the Mines
became a regular appointment and continued so until, the popu
lation greatly increasing, it was resolved, soon after 1900, to form
it into a separate charge and C. H. Johnson was appointed as
its first settled pastor in 1902. In 1903, B. J. Porter, an ordained
married man, was appointed and a parsonage was built in 1904.
The corner-stone of a fine new church, on a new site, was laid
on July 14th, 1906, and on November 25th, of the same year,
the church was dedicated, the preachers being Revs. Dr. Heartz
and Jos. Seller, a mass platform meeting being held in the after
noon, conducted by B. J. Porter, the pastor, and addressed by
the Baptist and Presbyterian ministers and others.

The following is the list of ministers: 1902, Chas. H. John
son; 1903, B. J. Porter; 1907, A. S. Rogers; 1911, A. R. Reynolds;
1914, J. W. Prestwood; 1917, R. E. Fairbairn; 1918, C. E. Hel-
lens; 1920, W. R. Seeley; 1924, J. Adamson.

Gabarouse — The first English settlers of this remote com-

NOVA SCOTIA 87

munity were discharged soldiers. For a long time they were en
tirely without any religious ordinances until a strange Providence
led William Charlton to become a messenger of God to them.
English loom, he had been a wanderer, spending some years on
the coast of Labrador. Then working southward he for a time
took up his residence at Gabarouse, and after marrying in Louis-
burg he removed to Boston. There he was converted and, as he
pondered over the spiritual destitution at Gabarouse, he was im
pelled by the Spirit to return to that people to witness for Christ
among them and to call them to repentance. This he did. In
his first service, in the conversion of one person, he received an
earnest of greater blessing, for in the second service sixteen others
surrendered, and the gracious work prevailed until soon forty-
five names of believers were enrolled. In 1829, Hennigar, the
zealous young minister at Sydney, tramped through the long
woods to Gabarouse and found Charlton and his little company
of believers holding fast to their faith. As Angwin, in his "Metho
dism in Cape Breton", says: "For twelve successive years the
faithful under shepherd led his flock, preaching to them on the
Sabbaths and daily lived before them the faith he taught. The
people of the present hold his memory in honor and have erected
in their church a tablet which reads: This tablet is erected in
loving memory of William Charlton who came from Boston A. D.
1826 and here labored as a local preacher until his death, 1838.
The righteous shall be had in everlasting remembrance.' "

A very memorable revival of religion occurred in Gabarouse
during the pastorate of Frederic W. Moore (1857-60) at Sydney,
when that minister spent several weeks at Gabarouse in evange
listic services.

This circuit was detached from Sydney in 1866, and, at that
time, it included Gabarouse, the Cape, Fourchu, and Louisburg.
This being a fishing and small farming community, the growth
has been small, but it has a devoted people attached to their
Church and loyal to the best traditions of their fathers. The
parsonage was built in 1872. In 1924, the Methodists and Pres
byterians united with a Methodist pastor.

The following is the list of ministers: 1858, S. T. Teed;
1860, James A. Richey; 1862, J. G. Bigney; 1863, C. Jost; 1864.
Oeo. Harrison; 1865, E. Slackford; 1866, A. E. LePage; 1867,
J. W. Howie; 1871, H. J. Clarke; 1873, G. F. Day; 1875, J. Ast-
bury; 1878, R. O'B. Johnson; 1880, Jas. Scott; 1882, W. A. Out-
erbridge; 1884, G. W. F. Glendenning; 1887, W. H. Edyvean;

88 HISTORY OF (METHODISM

1890, J. W. Howie; 1892, W. I. Croft; 1895, F. Friggens; 1897,
J. W. Turner; 1900, W. Purvis; 1903, J. A. Hart; 1906, T. A.
Bowen; 1907, J. W. Hobbs; 1910, J. Lumsden; 1913, F. J. Pente-
low; 1916, W. Nightingale; 1920, H. Burgess; 1923, E. Plowman;
1925, Supply.

Louisburg — This historic community, of recent years the
winter shipping port of the Dominion Steel and Coal Company,
has but a small population, but has a devoted little band of
Methodists who, by liberality and self-sacrifice, have maintained
an excellent church and parsonage, much to their credit and the
comfort of their minister. It became a separate mission in 1889,
but, because of its isolated position, it has but the one appoint
ment. The first church was built about 1855, or seventy years
ago.

A fine new church was dedicated on January 9th, 1916, dur
ing the pastorate of Rev. C. M. Tyler, the preachers being Revs.
Dr. Heartz, J. W. Prestwood (Chairman of District) , and A. D.
Morton. The site of this church was donated by Z. W. Townsend
and the church was made possible by Mrs. Townsend's splendid
gift towards the building. The new church was called St. James,
in memory of a former pastor, the saintly James Tweedy, who,
on the 14th of September, 1898, led his prayer meeting there,
with his usual vigor and earnestness, and who, before the morn
ing, "was not for God took him." The parsonage was built in
1901, during the pastorate of Rev. D. B. Scott.

The following is the list of ministers: 1890, D. Farquhar;
1892, J. Mader; 1895, R. M. Browne; 1897, James Tweedy (T.
D. Hart supplied after death of Mr. Tweedy in Sept., 1898) ;
1899, F. J. Pentelow; 1900, D. B. Scott; 1902, Selby Jefferson;
1905, J. Mader; 1906, A. Kinney; 1907, J. S. Coffin; 1911, A. D.
Morton; 1913, C. M. Tyler; 1916, J. Hale; 1920, A. R. Wallis;
1922, R. M. Jost; 1925, H. D. Townsend.

Rev. Howard D. Townsend, of the Nova Scotia Conference,
entered the ministry from this congregation.

Dominions and New Aberdeen — In the colliery regions about
Glace Bay there has been great fluctuation of population. Some
times a lot of old country Methodist miners, employed at one
of the Dominions, or other adjacent communities, of sufficient
numbers to demand attention from our ministry, led to the for
mation of missions and the erection of churches and afterwards

NOVA SCOTIA 89

the people either migrated to some other place, or were trans
ferred to some other section of the mining operations. This has
caused much embarrassment financially and otherwise and little
stability or permanent progress.

At Dominion No. 1 a church was dedicated on May 13th,
1900, during the pastorate of F. J. Pentelow, the preachers being
Revs. E. E. England (President) , Mr. McGlashen (Presbyterian)
and G. J. Bond. At New Aberdeen, a new church was dedicated
on December 6th, 1903, during the Glace Bay pastorate of W.
Q. Genge, the preachers being Revs. D. W. Johnson (Chairman
of District) and F. W. W. DesBarres.

At New Waterford, services began in a small hall. A small
church was built and dedicated on February 26th, 1911, during
the pastorate of Percy Johnson, the preachers being Revs. J. S.
Coffin and W. H. Heartz.

New Aberdeen was supplied from Glace Bay till 1909 when
it became a separate mission with W. H. Rackham as pastor
followed by: 1910, R. B. Thomas; 1912, F. J. Pentelow; 1913,
Supply; 1914, A. Thorpe (with circuit name The Dominions and
New Aberdeen); 1918, H. Burgess; 1920, N. Cole; 1922, C. A.
Munro; 1923, T. Constable; 1924, Supply (Richard Bennett);
1925, United Presbyterian and Methodist, J. G. Stones.

In the 1900 Minutes the name of J. A. Hart appears at Dom
inion No. 1., and in 1901 with W. Q. Genge associated with him,
the latter remaining at No. 1 in 1902. Then follow 1903, H. H.
Irish; 1904, A. Hockin, Jnr. ; then comes a break till 1909, with S.
J. Boyce and in 1911, A. Lund.

New Waterford appears on the Minutes in 1910, Percy John
son; 1914, A. F. Baker; 1917, H. P. Patterson; 1918, F. J. Neal,
and ends there.

A circuit title Dominion 6 appeared in the Minutes of 1909
with H. T. Jones, and in 1911 with W. H. Hughes and then ended.

Glace Bay — 7n the Minutes of 1894 appeared the circuit
title of Little Glace Bay and Louisburg, with Joel Mader, and
1895, J. A. Smith. In 1902, Glace Bay appears with the follow
ing pastors: 1902, J. A. Hart; 1903, W. G. Genge; 1904, J. Blese-
dell; 1908, W. J. W. Swetnam; 1911, W. H. Langille; 1914, C.
W. Porter— Shirley ; 1916, A. W. Dycer; 1917, M. Ewing; 1918,
W. H. Palmer; 1920, W. J. W. Swetnam; 1923, S. J. Boyce.

Baddeck and Margaree—'The Big Baddeck and Margaree

90 HISTORY OF METHODISM

sections of this mission were early visited. Indeed there was a
time when Sydney and Margaree were the only two circuit names
in Cape Breton on the Minutes. Later, Margaree was a strong
country appointment forming part of the Port Hood mission, but
the passing changes in population and distances from centres
weakened the cause of Methodism. Baddeck became connected
with Methodism through disaffection in another communion. A
Methodist church was organized at Baddeck in 1885 with 30
members. The first appointment to Baddeck and Margaree was
in 1896 with H. B. Baird. Then followed 1897, A. Kinney; 1901,
J. Blesedell; 1904, H. D. Townsend; 1908, J. Lumsden; 1910, G.
F. Mitchell; 1913, Summer Supply. The mission was dropped
in 1915.

Ingonish and Aspy Bay — These fishing and farming settle
ments in the North of Cape Breton are of special interest. "Here
there are landscape and seascape for all the brushes of all the
artists, and beauty and grandeur enough to fill the souls of all
the poets." How Methodism came to reach Ingonish is thus des
cribed by Mr. Angwin: "The Methodist preacher in Sydney, Rev.
Wm. Webb, heard of the place and its people, and for him to
hear was to plan and to act. Accordingly, during the summer of
1838, he made his way to Ingonish and found a people prepared
of the Lord. All but one of the Protestant families associated
themselves with Methodism, and a Society of ten members was
formed with William Warren as leader. William Warren was
an Englishman of good family. He came to Cape Breton as a
midshipman of H. M. S. "Queen Charlotte" and attracted by a
maiden of this community he left the sea and became a merchant
and trader. His education and knowledge of music fitted him
to be a leader in the little church with which he identified himself
and to whose welfare he gladly committed himself until he was
summoned to his reward in 1849. The first church was erected
in 1845, and a new church was dedicated on January 14th, 1885,
with a seating capacity of 200.

Rev. R. 0. Armstrong married Miss Burke of this place.

Aspy Bay (Dingwall) is twenty-eight miles distant. These
settlements have generally been served by probationers as the
adherents have not been numerous enough to support a married
man. They are so far apart that each community has occasion
ally had a supply but generally they have been worked as one.
No mention should be made of Aspy Bay without reference to

NOVA SCOTIA 91

Duncan McDonald, who, for many years, has rendered splendid
service to the church and community as a local preacher.

The following have been stationed on this field: 1873, Wm.
Purvis; 1874, J. Astbury; 1875, A. F. Weldon; 1876, Wm. Brown;
1877, J. M. Fisher; 1878, J. H. Davis; 1879, R. Williams; 1881,
G. W. Whitman; 1883, Supply; 1884, W. I. Croft; 1885, F. J.
Pentelow; 1886, Jabez Appleby; 1888, D. Farquhar; 1890, W. F.
Gaetz; 1892 and 1893, Supplied from Aspy Bay; 1894, Supply;
1896, C. A. Munro; 1897, D. Walker; 1898 and 1899, Supplied
from Aspy Bay; 1900, W. R. Tratt; 1902, H. H. Irish; 1903, W.
J. Layton; 1904 to 1908, Supplied from Aspy Bay; 1908, D. H.
Corley; 1909, A. R. Wallis; 1910, Supply; 1911, J. G. Stones;
1912, P. Pollitt; 1913, Supply; 1914, W. H. Palmer; 1915, N.
Coll; 1916 and 1917, Supply; 1918, D. G. Deal; 1919, Supply.

Aspy Bay had the following separate appointments, but
sometimes supplying Ingonish: 1891, 0. Gronlund; 1892, H. C.
McNeill; 1896, A. D. Richard; 1897, F. B. Curry; 1898, C. H. C.
McLarren.

ANNAPOLIS DISTRICT

Annapolis — Frequent mention of Annapolis, valley and
town, is made in the early history of Methodism in the Maritime
Provinces. William Black made his first visit to the town on
July 3rd, 1782, his sermons making a deep impression. Visiting
it again in September he found much hardness. He again visited
it in 1785 and in 1798 laid the corner stone of the first Methodist
church. In 1792, the cause there had a setback through the im
prudent conduct of a young preacher from which it never fully
recovered. In 1832, a gracious revival visited the community,
A new church, capable of seating 400 persons, was built in 1846.
A church was built at Clements in 1835. Mention is made of
John Vroom and "Major" Douw Ditmars as great helpers in the
work at the latter settlement.

In 1831, a strong request was sent to the District Meeting
for a resident minister, and Michael Pickles, colleague of Samuel
Joll, was stationed there. He found very few members, but
makes special mention of Sergeant Mclntosh, R. A., and his wife
as numbered among the "most holy, zealous Methodists of these
parts." Unfortunately they soon after sailed for England. The
old Annapolis circuit extended from Wilmot to Digby Neck over

92 HISTORY OF METHODISM

territory in which there are now six circuits. From this territory
went out the Eatons, Bents, Hendersons, and others to enrich
the Methodism of St. John, N. B.

In 1832, Andrew Henderson (see Bridgetown notes) moved
from Bridgetown to Annapolis and became a tower of strength
to the Methodist cause, as did his son George in Digby. Mr.
Henderson established a boarding school at Albion Vale, on the
west side of Allen's Creek, which became famous for the sound
preparatory training which it afforded to young men for public
and professional life. Mr. Henderson took an active and influen
tial interest in the work of the church and the general interests of
the town. In later years he held the responsible positions of mag
istrate and post-master, and in all positions he adorned his pro
fession as a Christian, so that his memory is still fondly cherish
ed in the community.

In later years, William V. Vroom held a very useful and
influential official relation to the church at Clementsport. One of
his daughters married the Rev. C. E. Crowell, who is also a na
tive of Clementsport.

The present handsome brick and stone church was erected
during the pastorate of C. W. Porter-Shirley and was dedicated
on December 31st, 1911, the morning and evening preacher being
Rev. Dr. Heartz, Leander Daniel (Chairman of District) taking
the afternoon service. The St. George's Methodist and St. An
drew's Presbyterian congregations united in August of 1919, dur
ing the pastorate of C. A. Munro. In 1922 he was succeeded by
Major H. Mclntosh, Presbyterian. The Methodist church and
parsonage were chosen for occupancy.

The following is the list of preachers since 1855: Geo. M.
Barratt; 1856, F. Smallwood; 1859, J. Taylor; 1862, C. Lock-
hart assisted by F. H. W. Pickles in .62, R. Wasson in .63 and E.
B. Moore in .64; 1865, Joseph Hart, assisted by W. H. Heartz in
.65 and .66, and Thos. Rogers in .67; 1868, James England, as
sisted by J. McC. Fulton in .68, R. A. Daniel in .69, and L. S
Johnson in .70; 1871, G. W. Tuttle (Granville Ferry circuit was
cut off in 1871) ; 1874, C. Lockhart; 1876, R. Smith; 1879, A. W.
Nicolson; 1881, E. B. Moore; 1884, S. B. Dunn; 1887, J. Cassidy;
1890, R. McArthur; 1893, J. Strothard; 1896, E. B. Moore; 1899,
W. M. Ryan; 1900, J. S. Coffin; 1904, D. B. Hemmeon; 1907, H.
H. McNeill; 1910, C. W. Porter-Shirley; 1914, W. H. Langille;
1916, C. A. Munro; in 1920, United Methodist and Presbyterian;
1922, Major H. Mclntosh (Presbyterian) ; 1925, E. A. Kirker.

NOVA SCOTIA 93

Granville Ferry — This circuit name first appears in 1871.
Previous to that its territory was part of the Annapolis circuit
which up to that date had, for some years, two ministers, the
second man residing at Granville Ferry. Among these, begin
ning with 1862, were F. H. W. Pickles, Robt. Wasson, E. B.
Moore, W. H. Heartz (2 years) , T. Rogers, J. M. Fulton, R. A.
Daniel, and L. S. Johnson. This circuit includes Granville Ferry,
Parker's Cove, Lower Granville and Port Wade.

About 1830, the few Methodists in this community purchas
ed a small unused building, 20 by 30 ft., and moved it to a suit
able site. This was used for several years when a larger building,
30 by 40 ft., with two stories was erected, which, in 1856, was
enlarged by sixteen feet, a tower erected and a bell installed.
In 1879, during the pastorate of W. H. Heartz, a fine new church,
with basement, was erected and dedicated on December 14th.
1879, the preachers being Revs. S. F. Huestis, Caleb Parker, and
A. W. Nicolson. The church which cost $4,400 was opened free
from debt.

The pastors, since the organization as a separate circuit,
have been: 1871, Jos. Hart; 1873, James R. Hart; 1876, J. L.
Sponagle; 1878, J. M. Pike; 1879, W. H. Heartz; 1881, J. Stroth-
ard; 1884, J. M. Fisher; 1887, S. B. Dunn; 1890, W. Phillips;
1893, L. Daniel; 1897, J. B. Giles; 1899, J. Appleby; 1902, W. C.
Perry; 1905, A. Kinney; 1906, G. W. Whitman; 1910, J. H.
Davis; 1914, H. J. Indoe; 1916, J. A. Smith; 1918, H. P. Patter
son; 1922, R. B. Thomas.

In the ship building days this was a busy community and
the church was stronger than in later years. The names Amber-
man, Irvine, Gilliatt, Delap, Pickup, Troop, Weatherspoon, An
thony, Bogart, Johnson and Wade had a prominent place in the
history of this circuit.

Bridgetown — This is the name of a circuit in a community
which was early visited by William Black and his associates. At
Granville, about four miles down the river, was early established
the headquarters of a very widely extended circuit. Here a par
sonage was built and a church erected before 1800. We find
Marsden there in 1802 with such a company of devoted hearers
that he preached and administered the Sacrament out of doors.
In 1813, Wm. Croscombe brought his warm evangelism. In 1818,
both Sampson Busby and John Snowball were there, followed
by Stephen Bamford* in 1819. In 1824, Sampson Busby resided

94 HISTORY OF METHODISM

at Granville and circuit extended from Berwick to Sandy Cove.

About that time the village of Bridgetown was rapidly
growing, and, also, about that time, the first Methodist resident
took up his abode there. His influence for good soon began to
manifest itself. Andrew Henderson, an educated man from the
North of Ireland, landed in St. John in 1818 and, after remaining
there a year or two, he, with his wife and child, crossed the Bay
to take the position of school teacher at Wilmot, where he found
congenial Christian communion. Smith's History says: "At
Lawrencetown, in 1821, he taught a Sunday school, said to have
been the first to be opened in the country. In April, 1824, when
he removed to Bridgetown, no Methodist resided there. Soon
after his arrival, he secured the use of the Baptist church for
Sampson Busby, and a little later (1826) he saw the erection of a
Methodist church and formation of a society. Prayer and clas?
meetings were held in his own dwelling, under his own manage
ment." The residence of the superintendent minister was moved
from Granville to Bridgetown during the pastorate of Rev. Albert
DesBrisay (1827-30). In 1833, the great circuit was divided,
Bridgetown and Aylesford being included in the eastern and An
napolis and Digby in the western end. In 1840, the eastern cir
cuit was again divided into Aylesford and Wilmot at one end
and Bridgetown and Lawrencetown at the other. In 1859, Law
rencetown was taken to help make up the Wilmot circuit, after
wards known as Middleton. The Bridgetown circuit then came
to include Bridgetown, Granville, on the north side, and Bent-
ville (or Tupperville) on the south side of the river, and some
mission appointments on the North and South Mountains.

At the coming to Bridgetown of Rev. W. H. Heartz, in 1870,
the small Methodist church was on a side street and was too
small for the congregation. Under his inspiration it was decided
to secure a central site and erect a new church which was dedi
cated in January, 1872, at a cost of $6,000, free from debt. In
the same year, the old parsonage was sold and one much more
commodious, with beautiful grounds, was purchased.

In the early days at Tupperville the itinerant preached in
the house of Capt. Willett, a church being in course of erection
in 1831.

Andrew Henderson was the first Sunday School superintend
ent at Bridgetown. Others who served long and faithfully in that
office are George Murdock, John E. Sancton and John Hicks
(the latter from 1888 to the present, 1924) .

NOVA SCOTIA 95

This circuit has long been blessed with stalwart laymen sug
gested by the names of Armstrong, Bath, Bent, Davis, Dodge,
Fellows, Fowler, Currell, Chesley, Foster, Hicks, Ingles, Mur-
dock, Longley, Kent, Parker, Troop, Tupper, Ray, Willett and
Wheelock.

The following is the list of ministers from 1824: Sampson
Busby; 1827, Albert DesBrisay; 1830, Michael Pickles and S.
Joll; 1833, R'd Williams; 1834, Geo. Millar; 1836, Wm. Temple;
1838, Geo. Johnson; 1840, J. G. Hennigar; 1845, Wm. Smithson;
1847, Wm. Temple; 1849, A. McNutt; 1852, M. Pickles; 1855,
W. Wilson; 1858, M. Pickles; 1861, T. H. Davies; 1864, H. Dam
iel; 1867, J. S. Addy; 1870, W. H. Heartz assisted by E. E. Eng
land in .71 and .72; 1873, S. F. Huestis, assisted by J. B. Giles
in .73 and C. Nicklin in .74; 1875, A. S. DesBrisay, assisted by J.
Craig; 1877, Caleb Parker; 1880, D. W. Johnson; 1883, C. Jost;
1886, J. G. Angwin; 1889, F. H. Wright; 1892, J. B. Giles; 1896.
J. Strothard; 1899, E. B. Moore; 1902, B. Hills; 1905, W. H.
Langille; 1907, G. F. Johnson; 1910, B. J. Porter; 1914, A. R.
Reynolds; 1918, W. J. W. Swetnam; 1920, G. T. Bryant; 1921,
United Methodist and Presbyterian, J. H. Freestone (Meth.) ;
1925, A. D. McKinnon (Pres.).

The Nova Scotia Conference of 1924 met at Bridgetown.

This may be a fitting place to refer to the men who entered
the ministry from the old Annapolis — Granville — Bridgetown —
Aylesford Circuit. The first native born youth to find his way
into the Methodist ministry in the Maritime Provinces was Rob
ert H. Crane, of Aylesford, N. S., who was received as a proba
tioner for the ministry, at Halifax, in 1818. Joseph Fletcher
Bent, of Granville, was received in 1828 and after a long and
faithful ministry he retired, living near the place of his birth.
During a "four days revival meeting," held in West Aylesford,
in 1836, several young men, who drove over from Nictaux, were
converted and entered the ministry. They were Whitfield
Wheelock, who was sent as a missionary to the West Indies and
died after a short but fruitful ministry; William Allen, who
rendered excellent service for twenty years; Samuel McKeown,
who became a Free-will Baptist preacher in the United States,
but, at a later period, with his congregation, entered the Metho
dist Episcopal church. Two of his brothers, Dr. Andrew Mc
Keown (a noted M. E. preacher in New England) and Hezekiah
McKeown, of eloquent ministry in Nova Scotia and New Bruns
wick, later, entered the Methodist ministry. Wesley Charlton

96 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Beals, of Lawrencetown, was received in 1835. He was favored
with a remarkable work of grace on the Wallace circuit through
out his whole pastorate there (1841-51) when hundreds of people
professed conversion, several of whom entered the ministry. Jesse
Wheelock from Bridgetown was received in 1836 and after a very
brief ministry returned to his native place to die. Whether
Peter Sleep was a native of Annapolis Valley, or not, we do not
know, but, after he had been assisting in evangelistic services on
the Annapolis-Bridgetown circuit, he was received as a proba
tioner for the ministry in 1834. Although neither eloquent nor
profound, an unusual power attended his preaching, and his pre
sence was in great demand in evangelistic services. His rather
remarkable ministry only continued for eight years, his death
occurring at Coverdale, N. B., caused by a malignant fever,
which swept away numerous residents in that section of the
province.

Robert Ainslie Chesley (father of Judge S. A. Chesley), of
Granville, was received into the ministry in 1842, and after some
years in New Brunswick was sent to Newfoundland, where his
memory is still precious, and where he died, after a few days
illness, in the fortieth year of his age, greatly lamented. Gilbert
Bent, born near Bridegtown, became a useful minister in the
United States.

Among entrants from the present Bridgetown circuit appear
the names of C. Leonard Gesner and John W. Bent, both from
the Grariville congregation, in recent years.

Mountain Mission — This mission station appeared on the
Minutes in 1877 with P. H. Robinson as pastor, followed by 1878,
G. W. F. Glendenning; 1879, Supply; 1880, W. A. Black (part of
year) . For many years afterwards it was supplied by students,
supernumerary ministers and local preachers from Bridgetown
till 1895 when there came John P. Anthony and following, 1896.
A. Lund; 1897, Aubrey S. Tuttle; 1898, F. B. Curry; 1900, etc.!
Supply.

Middleton (Wilmot) — As the work developed in Annapolis
Valley the old original circuit was gradually divided and subdi
vided until eight or nine new circuits have been formed. Wilmot,
now the territory of the Middleton and Lawrencetown circuits,
first appears in the Minutes as a circuit name in 1858, with
Samuel W. Avery, a devoted young minister, who afterwards

NOVA SCOTIA 97

died at the early age of twenty-nine years, as its pastor. The
circuit name continued to be "Wilmot" until 1877 when it was
changed to Middleton.

At Wilmot resided Colonel Samuel Vetch Bayard of the
Royal Nova Scotia regiment who, when it was disbanded in 1802,
retired on half-pay, retaining his rank, and removing to a large
tract of land granted him by the government in this township.
His home became a favorite resort for the wealthy and the gay
and he was given to great profanity and dissipation. Visiting
the old Baptist church at Nictaux for no laudable purpose he was
pricked to the heart by the sermon of the preacher and through
the reading of Wesley's sermons, loaned him by a lawyer friend,
he found the way to a conscious and triumphant salvation. Then
through the reading of Fletcher's "Checks" he resolved to con
nect himself with the Methodist church. His conversion made
a great sensation, but it was real and permanent, and his devoted
Christian life became a blessing to the whole Valley through
which his influence extended. He became the warm friend of the
itinerant preachers and frequently entertained them at his home
which became an inspiring centre of evangelistic influence. His
very presence became a benediction and so beautiful was his
sanctified life that he was spoken of as the "John Fletcher of
Nova Scotia."

Another loyalist home that became a centre of gracious in
fluence was that of John Slocomb, of Hanley Mountain.

Many revivals of religion occurred throughout this territory.
What were called "Four days' meetings" were held at Nictaux
and other communities at which large assemblies gathered and
many were converted and brought into the Church.

The population of Middleton began to centre at the "Cor
ner", about a mile from the Methodist church and parsonage, and
at length it was resolved to move the church which was done in
1896, and, being thoroughly renovated, was rededicated on Octo
ber 18th of that year. Later, the brick parsonage was sold and
a commodious house purchased near to the removed church.

As the work extended Middleton became a two men circuit,
including Middleton, Nictaux, Torbrook, Farmington, Victoria.
Lawrencetown, Inglesville, Hanley Mountain and Port George
until 1891 when Lawrencetown appears as the head of a circuit
including the names here following it.

A new church at Torbrook was dedicated on January 17th,
1900, and later the Methodists of Torbrook purchased the small

98 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Presbyterian church on Nictaux Mountain and moved it to a site
near their own church for church and community purposes.

In September, 1923, the Methodists and Presbyterians of
Middleton decided to unite and to use the Methodist church. The
formal union took place on October 21st, 1923, Rev. J. A. Ram
say, of Moncton, being the special preacher. Rev. J. G. Hockin
remained in charge of the united congregation. The church was
thoroughly renovated and reopened in November, 1924.

The following is the list of ministers stationed on the Wilmot
(Middleton) circuit: 1858, Samuel W. Avery; 1860, A. B.
Black; 1863, R. Weddall, Snr.; 1866, G. M. Barratt; 1869, J. L.
Sponagle; 1872, P. Prestwood and J. E. Jubb; 1873, J. J. Teas-
dale assisted in .73 by W. H. Evans and in .75 by Jos. Robson;
1876, Jos. Gaetz, assisted by J. Robson in .76 and J. Gee in .77
and .78; 1879, R. Smith, assisted in .79 by F. A. Buckley, in .80
by I. M. Mellish, and in .81 by Starr Black; 1882, Thos. Rogers
and J. E. Donkin; 1883, G. F. Johnson, assisted in .83 by Lamert
Stevens, in .84 by W. Phillips, and in .85 by J. L. Batty; 1886,
P. H. Robinson, assisted in .86 by J. L. Batty, in .87 by T. Woot-
en, and in .88 by C. E. Crowell; 1889, J. C. Hooper, assisted in
.89 by C. McElhiney (supply), and in .90 by J. R. Downing
(supply) ; Lawrencetown became separate in 1891; 1891, J. Gee;
1894, J. Gaetz; 1897, Wm. Brown; 1900, A. B. Higgins; 1903, J.
P. Anthony; 1905, W. I. Croft; 1908, W. Phillips; 1912, J. N.
Ritcey; 1916, W. R. Turner; 1920, J. Appleby; 1921, J. G. Hock-
in; 1923, United Methodist and Presbyterian, J. G. Hockin;
1925, P. A. Walker (United Church of Canada).

Lawrencetown — This circuit name first appears in 1891 with
Lawrencetown, Inglesville, Paradise, Hanley Mountain and Port
George as its appointments. The second man on the Middleton
circuit (see list) had resided at Lawrencetown beginning in 1872.
Its early history was identified with that of the old Annapolis
and Granville circuits.

In December, 1884, the church at Lawrencetown was de
stroyed by fire. It was built in 1844 and there had been a small
church previous to that. A new church, costing $3,000, was dedi
cated on May 1st, 1887, during the pastorate of P. H. Robinson
and J. L. Batty, the preachers being Revs. W. H. Heartz, J.
Lathern, and J. J. Teasdale.

A wide-spread revival occurred on this circuit in the winter
of 1886-87.

NOVA SCOTIA 99

Lamert Stevens, a talented young minister, died at Law-
rencetown in 1883 of typhoid fever.

The following have been stationed at Lawrencetown since
1892: J. R. Downing (Supply) ; 1893. C. M. Tyler; 1895, J. H.
Toole; 1898, J. Astbury; 1901, J. Gaetz; 1904, E. E. England;
1906, W. Brown; 1909, J. A. Hart; 1912, F. J. Armitage; 1915,
S. J. Boyce; 1919, H. T. Jones; 1922, W. H. Rackham; 1925, A.
B. Higgins.

Rev. R. S. Longley, B.D., of Paradise, went as a missionary
to China in 1907.

Aylesford — The early history of this circuit is identified with
that of the old Annapolis and Granville circuits, but Aylesford
was the head of a circuit as far back as 1855. Previous to 1894,
it consisted of the following appointments: Aylesford, North
Kingston, Melvern Square, Margaretville, Greenwood (Union
Church), Nicholsville, Lake George, Lake Paul, Fairview (now
called Kelly Villa) , and Morden, and was worked by an ordained
man and a probationer. In 1894 the circuit was divided, the
first part retaining the name Aylesford, and including the first
four places mentioned. The other six were grouped under the
name of Nicholsville. In 1924, another change took place, the
Aylesford appointment and the Nicholsville appointments being
constituted a circuit, whilst the Kingston circuit was organized,
including Kingston, Melvern Square and Margaretville of the
old Aylesford circuit and Wilmot and Torbrook taken from the
Middleton circuit.

During the past forty years, the congregations of this circuit
have erected several excellent churches. That at Margaretville,
begun in 1881, under Joseph Gaetz, was completed and dedicated
during the pastorate of William Ryan, on November 12th, 1882,
at a cost of $2,250, free from debt. The preachers were Revs. J.
Gaetz and James Taylor. In 1883, in Mr. Ryan's term, the
church at Aylesford was practically rebuilt with a tower added.
A new church was dedicated at Melvern Square, on February
7th, 1891, during the pastorate of Wm. Brown, the preachers be
ing Revs. G. 0. Huestis, Jas. Taylor and W. Brown. A new
church was dedicated at North Kingston on July 17th, 1898, dur
ing the pastorate of Joseph Gaetz, the preachers being Revs. W.
Ryan, J. Strothard and G. J. Bond. This church was consumed
by fire on December 7th, 1913, and had no insurance. This was
replaced by a handsome new church erected at Kingston village

100 HISTORY OF METHODISM

and dedicated March 28th, 1915, during the pastorate of Wm.
Brown, the preachers being Revs. H. T. Roe, morning and even-
ing,and Mr. Wheeler (Bpt.) in the afternoon.

At Aylesford, on January 6th, 1918, during the pastorate of
J. G. Hockin, a beautiful and commodious new church was dedi
cated, at a cost of $7,000. Rev. Dr. Chown was the preacher of
the day, a platform meeting in the afternoon engaging a number
of speakers. The bell was donated by F. B. Jacques, a former
resident of Aylesford, and the pulpit set was donated by Henry
W. Patterson, of Boston, formerly of Aylesford.

Some of the worthy men who early went into the ministry
from this territory are reported in the Bridgetown notes. ID
more recent years, Rupert 0. Armstrong, J. Holmes Toole, Harry
P. Patterson, G. O. Robinson, and James E. Hughson, valued
•contributions to the ranks of the ministry went out from this
circuit. Mr. Robinson passed away very early. Rupert 0. Arm
strong, after rendering excellent service for some years in Nova
Scotia, went to Manitoba where he was highly esteemed as a
preacher, a specialist in young people's work and as a newspaper
correspondent. He passed away suddenly in 1924 much lament
ed. Miss Mary Foster, of North Kingston, went out to China,
as a trained nurse in 1896 and rendered faithful service till 1907,
when she returned to her native land in impaired health and
died in June of 1921, during the sitting of the Nova Scotia Con
ference at Berwick which sent a delegation to attend her funeral.
Revs. Joseph Donkin and Fraser Munro found their wives on this
circuit.

The first parsonage, called the Wesleyan Mission house, was
purchased about the year 1855 and was occupied by the ministers
till about 1877 when it was sold to Mr. Patterson (father of Rev.
Harry P.) and the present parsonage was bought at Auburn.

In 1887, a very extensive revival occurred during the pas
torate of Alexander S. Tuttle and many were added to the
churches throughout the circuit.

The following is the list of ministers since 1855: Wesley C.
Beals; 1856, Thos. Angwin, assisted by T. Watson Smith in .57;
1859, G. W. Tuttle; 1862, W. McCarty; 1865, R. E. Crane; 1868,
J. Taylor; 1871, W. Tweedy; 1874, J. S. Addy; 1876, Alex. S.
Tuttle; 1879, Jos. Gaetz, assisted in .80 by Lamert Stevens and
in .81 by W. H. Langille; 1882, Wm. Rvan and W. H. Langille;
1885, Alex. S. Tuttle, assisted in .86 by W. Phillips and in .87 by
H. Burgess; 1888, J. Gee, assisted in .88 by J. A. Smith, .89 and

NOVA SOOTIA 101

.90 by J. Phalen; 1891, W. Brown, assisted by T. A. Bowen in .91
and by W. F. Gaetz in .92 and .93; Nicholsville was set off in
1894; 1894, J. S. Coffin; 1897, J. Gaetz; 1901, W. Phillips; 1905,
J. Craig; 1908, D. Farquhar; 1912, W. Brown; 1916, J. G. Hock-
in; H. H. McNeill; 1925, Ernest Baines.

Kingston — See Aylesford notes: Pastors 1924, L. E. Dis
tant; 1925, W. H. Watts.

Nicholsville — This mission was formed out of the Aylesford
circuit in 1894 and, as will be seen in Aylesford notes, returned
to it in 1924. About 1877, a substantial and imposing church was
erected at Nicholsville. A new church was dedicated at Morden
on June 28th, 1903, during the ministry of J. R. K. Seller.

The following is the list of preachers: 1894, Wm. Ryan;
1898, J. P. Anthony; 1900, J. R. K. Seller; 1902, Supply; 1904,
G. T. Bryant; 1905, Supply; 1907, P. B. L. Seller; 1908, Supply;
1909, G. W. Beck; 1910, H. L. Eisenhaur; 1912, Supply; 1914, H.
J. Tucker; 1915, Supply; 1916, G. E. Mossman; 1918, Supply;
1919, Supply (H. J. T.).

Berwick — What is now the Berwick circuit was originally
West Cornwallis, and was a part of the Aylesford and Wilmot
circuit. West Cornwallis included all that part of Cornwallis
township west of Kentville, and nearly all of it, north of the old
French (now the Post) road from Halifax to Annapolis, was
known as Pleasant Valley. About the year 1835 there was a
general religious awakening in Pleasant Valley as the result of
Methodist preaching. Quite a number of Methodists had settled
there. Among them was John Buckley, whose son, James Buck
ley, was a preacher in the Nova Scotia Conference. He entered
the ministry in 1835 and died at Halifax in 1890. John Buckley
was born in Scotland, but was brought up in Belfast, Ireland.
With his wife and family he was wrecked on Sable Island, on
his way to the United States to make his home there. He and
his family were brought to Halifax by a British cutter, and he
settled in Pleasant Valley, at what is now Grafton but for many
years was known as Buckley's Corner, where until his death he
conducted a store.

Following the religious awakening in 1835, the people ot
Pleasant Valley decided to build a Methodist church. Mr. Buck
ley gave the land and the church was erected in 1838. This is the

102 HISTORY OF 'METHODISM

old church at Grafton, which is still used as a place of worship
on the Waterville — Woodville united charge. (It is said that this
church gave the name Grafton to the community in which it
stands. Some seventy-two years ago to meet the demands for in
creased seating capacity, it was enlarged by cutting it in two in
the centre, and grafting on the addition.)

Following the opening of the new church (1838), Rev. Peter
Sleep, of the Aylesford — Wilmot circuit began revival services
in 1839. This revival was one long remembered. It is said that
there were over one hundred conversions, and in a sparsely set
tled community. One of the converts was Samuel Tupper, who
entered the ministry in the United States.

Soon after this revival (it is impossible to learn the exact
date) West Cornwallis was taken from the Aylesford and Wil
mot circuit and joined to the Horton and Cornwallis east circuit
and the Valley Church was supplied by preachers from the latter.
In 1847, Revs. Richard Weddall and Richard Smith were the
ministers on the Horton Cornwallis circuit. (Mr. Weddall was
probably the supt.). In the winter of 1849, Messrs. Weddall and
Smith held revival services in the Pleasant Valley (Grafton)
Church which were attended with very marked results, and in
creased the membership of the church by some forty persons.

In 1856, Cornwallis (east and west) was separated from
Horton, and became a circuit, Rev. Jas. Taylor, at that time in
the full vigor of his manhood, was appointed superintendent of
the new circuit. At this time what is now the town of Berwick
was a mere cross roads village. It was known as Curry's Corner,
up to 1850, when it was given its present name. In that year a
new temperance hall was built. Rev. James Narraway was one
of the speakers on the occasion of opening the new Hall, and
made such a favorable impression that he was invited to preach
in it. From that on there was regular Methodist preaching ser
vices held in it till the new church was built.

In 1846, Mr. Edward C. Foster, a native of Bridgetown,
came to live at Curry's Corner (Berwick). He was brought up
a Baptist, but married a Miss Murdock who belonged to a
staunch Methodist family, and he himself became a very ardent
Methodist. In 1856, Mr. Foster, with the encouragement of Rev.
Jas. Taylor, began to work for the erection of a church at Ber
wick, with the result that it was finished and opened for worship
January 31, 1858, with Rev. Jas. Hennigar as the special preach
er for the occasion. The church cost a little over $4,000 but when

NOVA SCOTIA 103

opened was entirely free of debt. In 1890 during the pastorate
of Eben E. England, the church was renovated and improved at
a cost of $3,000, and it is still in good condition. In the spring
of 1924 a pipe organ was installed.

While Rev. Jas. Taylor was the superintendent of the Corn-
wallis circuit, at the time the church was built, his assistant, Rev.
John Lathern, had charge of the Pleasant Valley end, and board
ed just a few miles out of Berwick. Mr. Lathern held revival
services, and over one hundred persons were taken into the church
at Harborville, Berwick, Grafton and Prospect.

In 1859, the Cornwallis circuit was divided. The east end
was called the Canning, and the west end the Berwick circuit,
Berwick circuit included Berwick, Grafton, Harborville, Wood-
ville, Somerset, Weston, Welsford, Waterville and Prospect.

The first ordained minister on the Berwick circuit was the
Rev. Geo. Butcher. During his pastorate the church at Harbor
ville was built, and opened for worship in 1860. He was succeed
ed in 1862 by the Rev. Richard Smith, during whose pastorate
the present parsonage was built in Berwick.

During the pastorate of Mr. Glendenning there was an ex
tensive revival and over 260 persons were taken into the church
on the different parts of the circuit.

From this circuit, the following entered the ministry — James
Buckley, Samuel Tupper, Hubert C. and Harry H. McNeill, J.
Holmes Toole, and John Anthony.

In June, 1921, the Nova Scotia Conference was held in Ber
wick, with dinner and tea served to the delegates every day at
the church.

In the latter part of the year 1921-22, during the pastorate
of C. H. Johnson, negotiations were made for a union of the
Methodists and Presbyterians on this broad field and it was
agreed that the Presbyterians in the west end of the circuit should
go in with the Methodists at Berwick and the eastern end
Methodists with the Presbyterians with Waterville as the head
of the circuit, Grafton and Woodville to be connected with
Waterville. This was done and in 1921 Berwick appeared on the
Minutes as United Methodist and Presbyterian with Methodist
minister and Waterville United Presbyterian and Methodist with
Presbyterian minister. This was followed by the building of a
new and commodious United Church at Woodville at a cost of
$20,000. It was dedicated on Feb. 5, 1922, the services being con-
ducted by A. R. Reynolds, acting pastor from Berwick, the

104 HISTORY OP METHODISM

preachers being Revs. C. E. Crowell (President of Methodist
Conference) and Dr. Clark, of St. Matthew's Presbyterian
Church, Halifax. The dedication service at 3 p. m. was in charge
of Rev. R. B. Layton (Presbyterian) assisted by several other
ministers.

The following have been stationed at Cornwallis West (later
Berwick) : 1860, Geo. Butcher; 1862, R. Smith; 1864, T. H. Dav-
ies; 1866, J. Read; 1869, F. H. W. Pickles; 1871, J. Prince; 1872,
J. S. Addy; 1874, Geo. Payson, assisted in .74 by R. Williams and
in .75 by C. Nicklin; 1876, C. Lockhart; 1879, J. Cassidy; 1882,
J. Johnson; 1885, T. D. Hart; 1888, A. S. Tuttle; 1889, E. E.
England; 1892, J. Craig; 1895, G. W. F. Glendenning, assisted
in .96 and .97 by W. Q. Genge and in .98 by A. D. Richard; 1899,
J. W. Prestwood, assisted in .99 and 1900 by E. W. Forbes in
1901 by W. J. Layton. and in 1902 by D. G. Guest: 1903, J.
Phalen, assisted in .04 and .05 by A. R. Reynolds; 1907, J. Gee;
1910, G. T. Bryant; 1913, J. A. Smith; 1917, A. Hockin, Snr.;
1918, C. H. Johnson; 1921, A. R. Reynolds, United Methodist
and Presbyterian : 1925, J. G. Hockin.

Berwick Camp Meeting — In the summer of 1871, Edward C.
Foster, while visiting in Hamilton, Mass., attended a Camp-
meeting which was in session there. He was deeply impressed,
and, on his return home, he began an agitation for the holding of
a similar camp-meeting at Berwick, and in the winter of 1872 a
committee was appointed to make arrangements for the holding
of such a meeting during the following summer. This committee
consisted of E. C. Foster, A. N. Bent, Robert Collins, H. E. Jef
ferson, Enoch Collins, Benjamin Morris and Lewis Morris, Mr.
Foster being secretary and Mr. Jefferson treasurer.

A beautiful grove, at the outskirts of the village, was rented
for one year from deacon W. H. Webster and, after the first
Camp, it was decided to make it a yearly event and the grounds,
consisting of twenty-three acres, were purchased by E. C. Foster,
of Berwick, and Edward Jost, of Halifax, for Camp Meeting pur
poses, for the sum of $750.

Men from all over the circuit assembled and cleared up the
grounds. Plank seats were made to accommodate 5,000 people
and temporary tents were erected. A Mr. Furnace, of Boston,
donated the preachers' stand. A dining room was erected. The
Revs. John and Fletcher Pickles and Alexander S. Tuttle took
a prominent part in the services of the first Camp Meeting held

NOVA SCOTIA 105

in August of 1872 at which there were many converts. These
Camp Meetings have continued from summer to summer, in un
broken succession till the present. Many noted preachers and
evangelists from different parts of Canada and the United States
have been secured as special speakers and many of the ministers
of the Nova Scotia and N. B. and P. E. I. Conferences have as
sisted. Special singers have also been engaged.

At the first Camp Meeting some difficulty was experienced
in the maintenance of good order and much trouble arose from
shanties and booths erected near the grounds for the sale of
provisions, tobacco and beverages, but legislation was secured
which remedied these difficulties the grounds and vicinity being
made a special police district with all necessary regulations to
ensure order and the prevention of such neighboring booths as
are not sanctioned by the Camp Meeting Association. At first
an effort was made to finance the meetings by the taking of col
lections at the services, but the amounts received proving inade
quate the grounds were fenced and an entrance fee taken at the
gates. For the first few years the Camp was, carried on by a com
mittee of ministers and laymen and when its permanence was sec
ured, Messrs. Foster and Jost, who purchased the property, made
it over to a regularly organized Camp Meeting Association which
secured legislative incorporation.

The splendid grove is lighted by electricity. It has a pavi
lion of 750 seating capacity and open air seats for several thou
sands, a children's temple, two dormitories, dining hall, business
office and other buildings and there are more than one hundred
cottages owned by private individuals. Two artesian wells give
an abundant supply of pure water.

Bear River — This circuit, sometime known as Hillsburg, was
originally part of the old Annapolis circuit. Rev. Daniel Fid-
ler's diary of June 29th, 1794, said: "I preached at Capt. Beeler's,
near Bear River. Found the class much alive to God. I had
hardly seen such a time of power since I came to Nova Scotia.
I added two to the class." The first Methodist Church was built
in 1840 and a new and much larger one was begun in 1857 and
completed and dedicated 1859 during the pastorate of F. Small-
wood. The preachers were Revs. J. G. Hennigar and G. W. Tuttle.
Bear River became a separate circuit in 1865 with J. S. Coffin
as pastor. Before this, in 1862, F. H. W. Pickles, and in .63
and .64 R. Wasson, second men on the Annapolis circuit, lived at

106 HISTORY OF iMETHODISM

Bear River. The new circuit included Bear River, Waldeck
Line, Hessian Line, Clemeritsvale, Digby Road, and Milford
Corner.

The jubilee of the present church was celebrated in 1909, in
the pastorate of C. Jost, the preachers being Revs. D. W. John
son, C. Jost, and J. S. Coffin, the latter the oldest living pastor.
This pleasant community has been visited by frequent seasons of
refreshing and revival during its history.

A few years ago the church was renovated at large expense
making one of the most attractive sanctuaries in the Conference.
The Conference has been hospitably entertained here on two oc
casions. The following is the list of ministers since the separa
tion from Annapolis: 1865, Jos. S. Coffin; 1868, F. W. Harrison;
1870, W. McCarty; 1872, G. M. Barratt; 1874, J. L. Sponagle;
1876, W. Sargent (this devoted minister died during the year
greatly lamented); 1877, C. Jost; 1880, C. Parker; 1882, R.
Tweedy (his health failed early in the year and he retired to
Hampton, N. B., where he died. Rev. C. Lockhart finished out
the year) ; 1883, D. W. Johnson; 1886, F. H. Wright; 1889, W. C.
Brown; 1892, J. Hale; 1895, J. Craig; 1898, G. F. Johnson; 1901,
J. E. Donkin; 1904, A. S. Rogers; 1907, J. Phalen; 1910, A. Dan
iel; 1914, J. W. O'Brien; 1918, W. J. Wright; 1921, C. M. Mack.

This circuit has the reputation of most loyally supporting its
pastors. The names of Marshall, Hardwick, Vroom, Milbury,
Nichols, Purdy, Rice, Tupper, Troop, Turnbull, Wade, Harris,
Bishop, Henshaw, Alcorn and Jefferson are influentially con
nected with its history.

Digby — This community was visited by the earliest itiner
ants but for various causes, especially opposition from Anglican
loyalists, Methodism made slow progress. Wm. Black, Freeborn
Garrettson and Daniel Fidler refer to their visits. Garrettson
found no appetite for religion among the people. Sampson Bus
by came to the village from Annapolis in 1818 and in 1819 began
the erection of a small church but it remained unfinished for
a long time. Michael Pickles found it so in 1831 and set to work
to have it completed. Mr. Busby also had a building erected at
Broad Cove which served the double purpose of a place of wor
ship and a school-room. Buildings were erected at Sandy Cove
and Weymouth, both of which were connected with the Digby
circuit about 1850 or 51. Sampson Busby, on retirement, settled
in Digby and during the six years of his stay the cause was en-

NOVA SOOTIA 107

couraged by his sympathy and co-operation. He died in 1848
and was buried in St. John. In 1857, Mr. Gilbert Ray, who had
removed to St. John, gave an acre of land in a central position
on which a new church was built. It was dedicated in July, 1860.
This church was enlarged in the pastorate of R. Wasson (1878-
81).

A new church was dedicated at Smith's Cove, on January
25th, 1885, during the pastorate of W. H. Heartz, the preachers
being Revs. D. W. Johnson, W. Ainley, and the pastor. A gen
erous Baptist friend donated the site. A new church was also
dedicated at Broad Cove, on November 21st, 1886, during W. H.
Heartz's pastorate, free from debt. The preachers were Revs.
James Taylor and F. H. Wright. At Digby, a fine new Church
Hall was erected by W. H. Heartz and was dedicated on Dec.
29th, 1884, the speakers being Revs. D. W. Johnson and C. Jost.

The church at Digby was remodelled and beautified in 1897,
and was reopened in July, during the first pastorate of Wm. Phil
lips, the preachers being Revs. J. S. Coffin, Mr. Thomas (Bpt.)
and E. B. Moore. A window to the memory of Mrs. George
Henderson was unveiled. A legacy from the late Mrs. J. E.
Jones assisted in the reconstruction. A new and commodious
parsonage was erected during the pastorate of W. H. Evans, and
occupied in Dec. 1900.

The following have been the pastors since 1855 : R. A. Ches-
ley; 1856, G. W. Tuttle; 1859, W. McCarty, assisted in .61 by
Benjamin Johnson; Digby Neck was made a separate mission
in 1862; 1862, J. Taylor; 1865, S. F. Huestis, assisted in .67 by
E. B. Moore; 1868, W. C. Brown, assisted in .68 by E. B. Moore;
1871, James England; 1875, Elias Brettle; 1878, R. Wasson;
1881, W. Ainley; 1884, W. H. Heartz: 1887, R. McArthur; 1890,
J. M. Fisher; 1893, J. W. Prestwood; 1896, W. Phillips; 1898, W.
H. Evans; 1903, A. B. Higgins; 1907, G. W. F. Glendenning;
1910, L. Daniel; 1914, R. McArthur; 1916, W. I. Croft; 1920, W.
Phillips; 1921, W. H. Watts; 1925, J. Appleby.

Weymouth — This community was occasionally visited from
Annapolis and later more frequently from Digby. Somewhere
about 1850 the first Methodist Church was built. The circuit
included Weymouth, Barton, Plympton, and North Range. It ap
pears as a separate circuit in 1868. A new church was dedicated
at Plympton on July 28th, 1878, during the pastorate of W. H.
Evans, the preachers being Revs. Caleb Parker and R. Wasson.

108 HISTORY OF METHODISM

The cost was $2,000. The church at Barton and Brighton was
re-constructed and re-opened on Nov. 12th, 1893, the preachers
being Revs. J. Strothard and J. W. Shepherdson.

The church at Weymouth was destroyed by fire on August
4th, 1909, having only $1,000 insurance. The corner-stone of a
new church was laid on Oct. 8th, and the completed attractive
building was dedicated on Feb. 20th, 1910, during the pastorate
of C. A. Munro, the preacher being the Rev. Dr. W. H. Heartz.
The new building cost $4,000.

The ministers since Weymouth became a separate charge
have been as follows: 1868, E. B. Moore; 1869, J. M. Fulton;
1870, Fred M. Pickles; 1871, L. S. Johnson; 1872, G. F. Day;
1873, E. E. England; 1874, J. Craig; 1875, R. Williams; 1876, C.
Nicklin; 1877, W. H. Evans; 1879, W. Ainley; 1881, G. F. John
son; 1883, J. W. Prestwood; 1884, W. Shears; 1885, Supply;
1886, T. C. Hooper; 1889, J. E. Donkin; 1892, J. W. Shepherd-
son; 1895, C. M. Tyler; 1898, W. R. Turner; 1902, R. O. Arm
strong; 1904, J. G. Hockin; 1907, C. A. Munro; 1911, W. Night
ingale; 1914, H. Burgess; 1918, D. Farquhar; 1921, Supply (W.
D. Brown) ; 1922, C. H. Young; 1923, A. H. Pentz.

Digby Neck- — This mission, like all the circuits in Annapolis
and Digby counties, sprung from the old Granville — Annapolis
circuit. Digby Neck was early visited, the first Methodist
Church at Sandy Cove being built about 1850. Digby Neck first
appears as a circuit name in 1862. At one time inducements were
made to establish a circuit on Brier Island and E. R. Brun-
yate was sent to Westport in 1874, followed by D. Hickey in 1875.
It was then for a short time supplied from Digby Neck. The
appointments are Sandy Cove, Centreville and Culloden.

Mrs. (Rev.) Wm. Dobson, Mrs. (Rev.) T. C. Hooper and
some other ministers' wives came from this circuit. Rev. E. E.
Graham entered the ministry from Centreville.

The following have been the ministers: 1862, Benj. J. John
son; 1863, C. W. Dutcher; 1865, A. E. LePage; 1866, T. J. Dein-
stadt; 1868, A. F. Weldon; 1869, Thos. Allen; 1870, Supply; 1871 ,
J. B. Giles; 1872, W. Dobson; 1874, W. Robson; 1875, D.
Hickey; 1876, R. Williams; 1877, Geo. Johnson; 1878, P. H. Rob
inson; 1880, J. Sharp; 1882, R. 0. B. Johnson; 1884, T. C. Hoop
er; 1892, F. J. Pentelow; 1888, J. Appleby; 1890, Supply; 1892,
S. C. Leonard; 1894, A. Lund; 1896, J. A. Smith; 1899, Supply;
1900, C. H. C. McLarren; 1903, R. B. Mack; 1907, G. T. Bryant;

NOVA SCOTIA 109

1908, R. M. Browne; 1912, J. Hale; 1916, M. R. Knight; 1918,
J. Craig; 1919, W. Owen; 1921, H. C. McNeill; 1923, Supply.

LIVERPOOL DISTRICT

Liverpool — Frequent mention of Liverpool is made in the
early history of Methodism in the province. William Black
visited it in May 28th, 1783, and received a very cordial hear
ing. He remained five days and several were converted under
his preaching. A prayer-meeting held in the home of Capt. Eph-
raim Dean was of such absorbing interest that it could not be
closed until after midnight. He again visited it in 1784 and
many were awakened to serious concern for their souls, and a
goodly number found peace with God." Garrettson visited Liver
pool in July, 1785, remaining four weeks and preached many
times. John Mann, aided by Cromwell, earlier in the year, had
formed a society of twenty members. When Garrettson left the
number was increased to forty. Mr. Black visited the community
in those early years and always expressed his great appreciation
of the development of the work there. In 1786, James Mann, who
was teaching school in Liverpool, and who had often officiated
in "Old Zion," in the absence of a regular minister, was persuad
ed to enter the itinerant ministry, and Garrettson placed him
in charge at Barrington. His ministry was attended with much
success. In 1787, John Mann was favored with a gracious revival.
The names Wray, Grandin and Fidler are mentioned as other
ministers who were greatly instrumental in building up the cause.
Considerable conflict arose with the Newlights over the occu
pancy of a deserted Congregationalist church and the Methodists
decided to build a church of their own, several leading Congrega-
tionalists uniting with them in the effort. On the 9th of June,
1793, they held their first service in the shell of the new church.
The minister in charge, at that time, was Daniel Fidler. To in
dicate the change which has taken place in the customs of the
people it may be noted that several entries in the church build
ing accounts referred to "rum" which was furnished for the work
men.

This first church continued, with divers repairs, until 1863,
when it was removed in three sections and converted into dwell
ing houses some of which exist to-day.' A new church was built
the same year at a cost of £1200 during the pastorate of Joseph

110 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Hart. This building was destroyed by a disastrous fire which
swept over a large portion of the town in 1865. The present
church was erected in 1866, during the pastorate of D. D. Currie,
who collected funds for that purpose throughout the Conference
and the New England States. In 1919, F. E. Barrett, pastor,
the church was thoroughly renovated at a cost of $6,000, making
it one of the best church plants in the province.

In 1795, Joshua Newton, as Collector of Customs, was
transferred to Liverpool from Charlottetown. A gifted and godly
man, he soon became a power for good in the town and surround
ing communities being a great encouragement to the ministers.
His brother Francis, who had been studying for four years pre
paratory to entering the Anglican ministry, soon followed him
and connected himself with the Methodist Church, and Black,
in visiting the town, persuaded him to join the itinerant ranks,
and left him in charge at Liverpool, where he met with great
favor and was the means of leading many into the church. The
career of this brilliant young preacher was brief. On the 26th of
July, 1796, he preached his farewell sermon at Liverpool, and
soon after sailed from Halifax, for the United States, to meet
Rev. Dr. Coke. Shortly after sailing, a severe storm arose dur
ing which it was supposed the ship foundered. His friends wait
ed long for tidings, but in vain. Joshua Newton was spared to
be a pillar in the church for many years. He was also collector
of customs for fifty-five years, and for many years the chief
magistrate in the County of Queens.

A reaction took place in the religious life of the shire town
about 1798, when much gaiety and worldiness prevailed, when the
merchants engaged in privateering, chiefly manned from the
neighborhood, all connected with which was unfavorable to reli
gious thought and practice.

In 1804, a Sunday School was started which perhaps was the
first Methodist School to be instituted in the provinces.

In 1820, the annual Conference met for the first time in
Liverpool and was a time of great refreshing. Not long after
a revival broke out under the leadership of Rev. Wm. W. Ashley,
an eloquent preacher of the "Open-Communion" Baptists. Samp
son Busby joined him in the services which continued for several
months until nearly every dwelling at Liverpool became a place
of prayer, and all the neighboring communities were greatly stir
red. From this revival came such influential local preachers as
James Barss and Hugh Houston, such a valiant minister of the

NOVA SCOTIA 111

gospel as Arthur McNutt, and such a gracious influence as the
sanctified life of Thomas Andrew Strange DeWolfe of Wolfville
and Halifax.

In 1854, the Liverpool circuit reached Mill Village in the
east, north to Caledonia, and west to Sable River and Little Har
bor. In 1855, the Mill Village circuit was cut off, Port Mouton
circuit in 1858, and Caledonia circuit in 1866.

On May 27th, 1923, the Methodist Church, at Liverpool,
celebrated the 140th anniversary of the beginning of Methodism
in the town, the venerable Dr. W. H. Heartz being the special
preacher and F. E. Barrett the pastor.

The list of pastors (with some uncertainty about the exact
date of several of the earlier pastorates) after influential visits
made by Black, Garrettson and others is as follows: 1786, John
Mann; 1789, Wm. Jessop; 1790, James Wray; 1791, Wm. Gran-
din; 1792, James Boyd; 1793, Daniel Fidler; 1796, James Mann;
1797, D. Fidler; 1799, James Mann; 1803, Joshua Marsden;
1804, Wm. Sutcliffe; 1808, James Knowlan; 1809, Stephen Barn-
ford; 1812, Wm. Sutcliffe; 1813, Wm. Croscombe; 1814, James
Priestly; 1815, J. Knowlan; 1817, W. Croscombe; 1819, James
Mann; 1822, Wm. Temple; 1824, R. L. Lusher; 1827, John Mar
shall; 1829, Henry Pope, Snr.; 1831, Geo. Millar; 1833, Wm. Mc
Donald; 1834, Robt. Cooney; 1835, Matthew Cranswick; 1836,
Wm. Smith; 1839, R'd Knight; 1842, H. Pope, Snr.; 1846, J. Mc-
Murray; 1850, R'd Weddall; 1852, Roland Morton; 1855, Ing-
ham Sutcliffe, assisted in .55 by Samuel Avery and in .56 by
Thomas Harris; 1857, J. S. Addy, assisted in 57 by J. L. Spon-
agle; 1860, Geo. Johnson, assisted in .61 by S. Avery; 1862,
Joseph Hart, assisted in .63 and .64 by J. S. Coffin; 1865, D. D.
Currie, assisted in .65 by E. B. Moore; 1868, H. Daniel; 1870,
J. J. Teasdale; 1873, J. Gaetz; 1876, J. Shenton; 1878, W. C.
Brown; 1880, C. Jost; 1883, J. G. Angwin; 1886, J. C. Ogden;
1889, A. W. Nicolson; 1892, G. W. F. Glendenning; 1895, J. E.
Donkin; 1898, J. Hale; 1899, D. Hickey; 1902, W. A. Outer-
bridge; 1905, F. Friggens; 1909, W. F.Gaetz; 1910, H. B. Clarke;
1912, C. M. Mack; 1915, W. H. Watts; 1918, F. E. Barrett; 1923,
E. W. Forbes; 1925, B. J. Porter.

Wm. J. Wright and H. T. Wright entered the ministry from
Liverpool. Mrs. (Rev.) Leander Daniel (Miss Marshall), Mrs.
(Rev.) James Lumsden, and Mrs. (Rev.) J. B. Heal came from
there. Rev. James B. Heal, shortly after well-earned retirement,
made his home at Liverpool and died there. On superannuat-

112 HISTORY OF METHODISM

ing, Rev. Leander Daniel and family made their home there.

Caledonia — The village of Caledonia, Queen's Co., was set
tled by Scotchmen in the first decade of 1800. They were of
Presbyterian stock and the nearest church of their name was
forty miles away so that the most of them became Baptists.
Pleasant River, fourteen miles away, was settled a little later by
South Queen's people. Amongst the settlers were a few Metho
dists as a class of twenty members was established there in 1821.
The leader was a Mr. Busby, a farmer brother of the Rev. Samp
son Busby. By 1841, this class had become scattered and be
cause of inability to furnish regular Methodist services the peo
ple became connected with either the Baptist or the Congrega
tional Church.

Outside the Pleasant River group, the first Methodists in
North Queen's were from Annapolis and King's County. The
first preaching services were held by local preachers who came
through the woods from the old Annapolis circuit via the Nic-
taux road. There is a tradition that one of these devoted men
died on one of these visits, during a great typhoid epidemic, and
that he was buried in an unmarked grave in the old North Brook-
field cemetery. Gradually a number of Liverpool Methodist fami
lies moved into the northern district and were visited occasionally
by ministers from Liverpool. In 1853, Rev. Charles Stewart,
then about a year out from Scotland, and stationed at Liverpool
as assistant, was sent by Roland Morton to visit Caledonia and
vicinity at least quarterly. There were only about half-a-dozen
members in a territory of twenty miles but the cause had more
support than the number of members would indicate for several
families who had been connected with the Congregational ser
vices, now discontinued, came to our support. Two of these men
are worthy of special note. George Middlemas, the first child
born in Caledonia, continued in his heart an adherent of his par
ents' church (the Presbyterian) till his death. In all else, in
cluding richness of Christian experience, he was a Methodist and,
dying in peace, he endowed the circuit to the extent of $2,000.
Richard Telfer, head of a numerous connection, was his sturdy
helper in welcoming Methodism. Of the original members, one
was the mother of the late Rev. John S. Sponagle.

As the name Hibernia suggests, a number of settlers of Irish
extraction found their way to this district.

A few years after the introduction of Methodism into these

NOVA SCOTIA 113

communities they seem, for a time, to have been connected with
Mill Village. Then they again became connected with Liverpool,
under Joseph Hart and his assistant Jos. S. Coffin (1863-64). A
recent pastor says: "Bro. Coffin, who had particular charge of the
country work, was first welcomed by all, but as a movement set
in toward the Methodists the doors of the union church were shut
against him. This resulted only for good. Within a year the
frame of the Caledonia church was erected. During the next five
years three fine churches were built, Caledonia, Brookfield and
Maitland. The church at Brookfield never could have been
built but for the self-sacrifice of Richard Hunt, M. P. P., the cir
cuit steward. An interesting event in the early history of the
circuit was the baptism of the late Zoheth Whitman, a man of
rare sweetness of character. He belonged to a prominent Bap
tist family but finally came to the Methodist minister and offer
ed himself for membership and it was announced that on the
following Sunday there would be a baptism at the Caledonia
Lake. A great crowd assembled to see the Methodist minister
immerse, but Mr. Whitman, walking out a little in the water,
as the preacher repeated the words "and they went down into the
water," knelt, and the preacher, taking a bowl, poured water up
on his head and then repeated, as they turned toward the shore,
"and they went up out of the water," and the service was at an
end. This was followed by many others joining the church.

Two new churches, one at Northfield and one at Molega
Mines (Union) , were dedicated during the pastorate of J. Hiram
Davis (1891 — 92). The church at Caledonia was thoroughly
renovated and reopened on Sept. 26th, 1897, the preacher being
Rev. E. B. Moore, who was the first minister to be settled there
when Caledonia became a separate circuit.

From this circuit went out into the ministry Revs. C. A,
Munro, Donald Farquhar, and Mr. Dukeshire, a prominent
member of the East Maine Conference. Mr. J. Farquhar also
went out as a local preacher to supply several missions. At least
three ladies went from this circuit as ministers wives — Mrs. J. H.
Davis, Mrs. J. Allen and Mrs. W. H. Palmer.

Caledonia first appears as the head of a circuit in 1866 with
E. B. Moore as pastor; then follow 1867, C. W. Dutcher; 1869,
W. Sargent; 1870, W. W. Lodge; 1871, Supply; 1872, C. Parker;
1875, R. McArthur; 1878, W. Purvis; 1879, J. G. Bigney; 1881,
R. Williams; 1884, J. W. Shepherdson; 1887, R. S. Stevens; 1890,
J. H. Davis; 1893, A. S. Tuttle; 1894, J. C. Ogden; 1895, T. A.

114 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Bowen; 1898, W. A. Outerbridge; 1899, Alex. S. Tuttle; 1900, F.
J. Pentelow; 1904, C. H. Johnson; 1907, C. W. Porter— Shirley ;
1910, W. B. M. Parker; 1914, J. Craig; 1918, H. H. McNeill;
1920, W. H. Palmer; 1921, J. Phalen; 1923, Supply, 1924, J. Nor
man Ritcey.

Port Mouton — This community, first settled by disbanded
British soldiers, and lying between Liverpool and Shelburne, was
naturally visited by the early Methodist preachers in passing
from the one to the other. Also, some of the early converts in
these two centres, in visiting outside settlements carried the good
tidings of salvation with them. They began to hold meetings
among themselves, till Rev. Francis Newton went from Liverpool
to their settlement with such power that many were converted.
Among the number was Neil Campbell who, for thirty years,
well sustained the office of class-leader in that community. In
1797, Fidler, after a visit to Port Mouton, wrote "A blessed re
formation has taken place since I was there two or three years
ago." A church was erected at Port Mouton in 1816 under the
Liverpool pastorate of James Knowlan. A new church was erect
ed at Port Mouton during the pastorate of J. Lumsden and was
dedicated on May 9th, 1895, the preachers being Revs. R. Mc-
Arthur and G. W. F. Glendenning. The cost was $1,300. This
church was re-constructed during the pastorate of Wm. Owen
(1913-14), and was reopened on January 5th, 1914, the preacher
being Rev. Dr. Heartz. A new church was dedicated at South
West Port Mouton on December 27th, 1903, during the pastorate
of H. J. Indoe, Revs. C. A. Munro and H. J. Indoe being the
preachers. A revival occurred in the previous year during ser
vices held in the school-house.

Port Mouton first appears as a separate circuit in 1858 with
J. L. Sponagle as minister. Then follow 1859, J. W. Howie; 1862,
I. E. Thurlow; 1865, R. Wasson; 1868, J. Johnson; 1870, S. B.
Martin; 1872, J. B. Giles; 1873, J. G. Bigney; 1876, J. Johnson;
1879, J. W. Shepherdson; 1881, J. G. Bigney; 1884, D. B. Scott;
1887, B. E. Bond; 1889, J. B. Heal; 1890, J. Blesedell (Supply) ;
1893, J. Lumsden; 1895, W. H. Edyvean; 1899, C. A. Munro;
1903, H. J. Indoe, assisted by A. W. Westhaver; 1906, J. A. Hart;
1909, G. F. Mitchell; 1910, W. R. Tratt; 1912, Supply; 1913, W.
Owen; 1914, H. H. McNeill; 1918, Supply; 1920, F. L. Rice;
1922, C. H. C. McLarren.

NOVA SCOTIA 115

Mill Village — This community, ten miles east of Liverpool,
was early visited by ministers from that town. During the pas
torate of James Knowlan, in 1816, a church was commenced
there. Smith's History says that at Mill Village, at that time,
there had been a solitary member of the Methodist church, a
woman of deep piety and much energy. Human agency could
not be traced in her conversion, but on becoming a child of God
she sought communion with the Methodists at Liverpool, and
opened her dwelling for worship. Her husband, a Roman Catho
lic, consented to her gift of a site for a church, and the wife, in
the firm belief that her Lord could raise up a people to praise
Him, set out to secure the erection of a small sanctuary. Early
in 1818, Croscombe reported the completion of the exterior of
the building and the addition of seven persons to the member
ship."

In 1840, Henry Pope, Snr., stationed at Liverpool, secured
an effective helper in Richard Smith. They began a special effort
in Mill Village with very gracious results greatly strengthening
the church. Seven years later, during the pastorate of John Mc-
Murray, another ingathering took place. In 1854, a comfortable
parsonage was built, and in 1855 Mill Village was made the head
of a circuit with Frederick W. Moore as pastor.

The appointments include Mill Village, Port Medway, Vog->
ler's Cove, East Port Midway, and Middleton, Queens Co.

A new church was dedicated at Mill Village on November
14th, 1897, during the pastorate of James Lumsden. The E. D.
Davison and Sons, lumber operators of Bridgewater, agreed to
donate half as much as would be raised by subscription and the
church was opened free from debt. Dr. Parkhurst, of Zion's
Herald, Boston, donated a handsome Bible and hymn book. The
special preacher of the day was Rev. J. S. Coffin, and in the after
noon addresses were given by Anglican, Congregationalist, Bap
tist, Free Baptist, and Methodist ministers.

At East Port Medway a church was built at about 1835. A
new one was dedicated on January 31st, 1904, during the pas
torate of J. W. Shepherdson, the preachers being Rev. A. D. Mor
ton, Mr. Siddall (Free Bpst.) and J. W. Shepherdson. Mr. Sim
eon Cohoon donated the site. At Middleton, on July 8th, 1904,
during the pastorate of J. W. Shepherdson, a new church was
dedicated, the preachers being Revs. A. D. Morton, Jos. Hale,
and L. M. McCreery (Lutheran). Judge Chesley also took part.
At Vogler's Cove extensive repairs took place and reopening of

116 HISTORY OF METHODISM

the church on January 17, 1915, the preachers being Revs. A.
Lund and M. R. Knight, the pastor.

The following is the list of pastors: 1855, F. W. Moore;
1857, A. B. Black; 1860, J. Burns; 1863, Thos. Smith; 1866, F. H.
W. Pickles; 1869, J. R. Hart; 1871, J. J. Colter; 1874, Alex. S.
Tuttle; 1876, J. S. Addy; 1878, D. B. Scott; 1881, J. M. Fisher;
1884, A. Hockin; 1887, G. 0. Huestis; 1889, J. G. Angwin; 1891,
S. R. Ackman; 1893, T. Wooton; 1896, J. Lumsden; 1901, J. W.
Shepherdson; 1905, B. Hills; 1909, W. C. Perry; 1912, M. R.
Knight; 1916, W. H. Palmer; 1918, R. M. Browne; 1920, J. N.
Ritcey; 1924, H. S. Bird.

Vogler's Cove — This circuit name appeared in 1891 with
"One to be sent." In 1892 and 1893, W. Alcorn was stationed
there and died on February 18th, 1894, after a long and faithful
ministry. In 1894, Vogler's Cove was again connected with Mill
Village.

Petite Riviere — This community was visited early by
Methodist ministers from Liverpool and later from Lunenburg.
In 1817 a neat chapel and small dwelling place were conveyeu
to the Conference by Richard Taylor, who came to Nova Scotia
from Newfoundland, on the condition that a preacher should be
sent there as soon as possible. Rev. James Knowlan, in 1817,
spent a few months there and, on his removal, Thomas Brady,
an Irish local preacher, discharged for some time the duties of
preacher and pastor. Wm. Black visited it in 1821 and found
several persons "alive to God." This community, greatly blessed
through the ministry of William Webb, in 1842, was made the
head of a separate circuit in 1853, under the pastoral care of
George W. Tuttle. The circuit included Petite Riviere, La Have,
W. Dublin, LaHave Islands, Crousetown, Cherry Hill, Broad
Cove, Mount Pleasant, and Italy Cross. The first Methodist
church at LaHave Islands was built in 1881 and occupied but
was not finished till 1884, under C. M. Tyler, being dedicated on
April llth of that year. It became too small and a new church
was built, under Geo. W. Whitman, and was dedicated on Octo^
ber 12th, 1913, the preachers being Revs. J. S. Coffin, G. W.
Whitman and A. Lund. The church cost $2,500. A new church
was dedicated at West Dublin on March 6th, 1892, under J. C.
Ogden, the Rev. J. J. Teasdale being the preacher. A church
was opened at Cherry Hill on March 16th, 1898, the preachers

NOVA SCOTIA 117

being Revs. 0. Gronlund and J. Lumsden. A new church waa
dedicated at Italy Cross on June 10th, 1900, J. S. Coffin, pastor,
and Rev. G. J. Bond the preacher, assisted by H. Burgess. A
.church was dedicated at Broad Cove on April 5th, 1903, with W.
Nightingale as pastor, and Rev. A. D. Morton as preacher. After
^extensive renovation the church at Petite Riviere was reopened
on Nov. 3rd, 1912, Dr. Heartz being the preacher.

A unique recommendation from the Liverpool District came
"before the Nova Scotia Conference in 1881. A single statement
in the District Minutes covered the case of two young men, from
Petite Riviere, recommended for reception as candidates for the
ministry. These two young men, Alban and Leander Daniel, were
twin brothers, fine specimens of physical vigor, and so resembling
•each other as quite to perplex those not intimately acquainted
-with them. The intellectual resemblance, strange to say, was
found by the usual examinations to be equally strong. But strang
est of all was the fact that on one evening, during special ser
vices, each, unknown to the other, reached a decision to enter
upon the Christian life. Both of these men rendered long and
fruitful service to the church.

Rev. and Mrs. Joseph S. Coffin, after a very long, and earn
est ministry, settled in this pleasant community, where he con
tinued to render great assistance to the pastors and finished his
^course in triumphant faith. Rev. and Mrs. Robert Williams, al-
:so, after long and faithful service are making this the home of the
^evening of their day of life.

The following is the list of pastors: 1853, G. W. Tuttle;
1855, H. Pope, Snr.; 1857, Charles DeWolf; 1860, J. S. Addy;
1861, Jas. Hart; 1862, Gee. Johnson; 1865, C. Lockhart; 1867,
J. J. Teasdale; 1870, S. W. Sprague; 1873, T. Rogers; 1876, P.
Prestwood; 1879, J. Johnson; 1882, C. W. Tyler; 1885, J. Sharp;
1888, W. Purvis; 1891, J. C. Ogden and H. S. Theakston; 1894,
J. Gee, assisted by J. W. Aikens in .95 and .96; 1897, J. S. Coffin,
assisted in .97 by G. F. Mitchell, .98 by J. G. Hockin, and in .99
by F. E. Barrett; 1900, W. Nightingale, assisted in 1900 by A. S.
Rogers and in .01 by J. W. O'Brien; 1903, J. Hale, assisted in
.04 by C. W. Porter— Shirley and in .06 by W. H. Rackham;
1907, J. H. Davis, assisted in .07 by Roy C. Buckley and in .09
by E. E. Graham; 1910, G. W. Whitman, assisted in .11 by H. A.
Hambley; 1912, A. Lund, assisted in .13 by P. L. Findlay and in
.14 and .15 by J. W. Bent; 1916, W. J. Dean; 1919, R. E. Fair-
bairn; 1921, G. W. Beck; 1924, A. S. Adams.

11« HISTORY OF METHODISM

LaHave — At the Conference of 1919, LaHave, West Dublin,
Mount Pleasant and LaHave Islands were separated from Petite
Riviere to form a new circuit, an excellent parsonage, purchased
in 1919, being at Pentz. LaHave had, at least, one visit from Wil
liam Black which was attended by several conversions. Following
this, cottage meetings were organized in the community. The
Petite Riviere and LaHave communities were connected with the
Lunenburg circuit until 1842. In those days it was common for
people from LaHave to cross the West LaHave Ferry and, carry
ing their shoes in their hands, to walk to Lunenburg to attend
the Sunday services.

In 1875, the LaHave Church was built at Pentz, on a site
donated by Michael Wilkie, during the Petite Riviere pastorate
of Thomas Rogers, the trustees being David Wilkie, George
Boehner, George Shader, James Remby, John Richard, and Win.
Parnette. A beautiful memorial pulpit was dedicated in Sept.
1920, a brass tablet bearing the names of the young men of the
congregation who sacrificed their lives for the liberty of the world
in the great war. From this congregation Rev. A. D. Richard
(1924 President of the Alberta Conference) entered the ministry.
Here also Rev. Arthur Hockin, Snr., found his esteemed wife
(Miss Boenher). At West Dublin, the Methodists worshipped
for a long time in a union church until, during the pastorate of
William Purvis, an excellent Methodist Church was begun in
1889 and dedicated in the following year. The names of Bailey,
Sperry, Bushen, Croft, Remby and Sponagle are mentioned as-
being prominent workers in the church.

The late Rev. John L. Sponagle was born at West Dublin in
1824, the wives of Revs. W. H. Rackham and J. W. Bent (Spon
agle sisters) and of Rev. Percy Johnson (Miss Remby) of Al
berta came from this community.

At Mount Pleasant a union church was occupied by Angli
cans and Methodists for a long time. During the pastorate, at
Petite Riviere, of Rev. C. Lockhart (1864-67) a very gracious
revival occurred at Mount Pleasant and the Methodists decided
to build a church for themselves and the present church was erect
ed. The fifty percent Methodist interest in the union church
was given over free of charge to their neighbors of the Church of
England. ,

Since LaHave became a separate circuit the pastors have
been as follows: 1919, H. B. Clarke; 1920, C. B. Sinden; 1922,
N. Cole.

NOVA ISCOTIA 119

LaHave was first visited by Methodist ministers from Petite
Riviere services being held on every fifth Sunday until 1879 when
Rev. John Johnson began to hold services there every third Sun
day in a school house. A gracious revival, during his pastorate,
led to the building of a church which, although not internally
finished, was opened for worship on Dec. 18th, 1881, Mr. Johnson
being the preacher. A Sunday School was organized with Mrs.
W. T. Greene as superintendent, seven teachers and fifty-six
scholars. A class1meeting of thirty members was also organized
with Mrs. Greene as leader.

The church was finished internally in 1884 and reopened on
April llth, during the pastorate of C. M. Tyler, the preacher
being the Rev. Jos. G. Angwin. An Epworth League was organ
ized during the term of Wm. Purvis (1888-91) . In 1891, two men
were appointed to the circuit and the Islands now had a preach
ing service every Sunday.

A new church was dedicated on Oct. 12th, 1913, during the
pastorate of A. Lund, the preachers being Revs. J. S. Coffin, G.
W. Whitman and A. Lund.

Lunenburg — William Black visited Lunenburg in 1783. He
reported that a few persons were awakened and resolved to lead
a religious life. There is no record of any other ministerial visit
until 1815 when George Orth, a German school teacher, began to
preach. At the following District Meeting he offered as a candi
date and was accepted and was sent to Lunenburg. The few that
Mr. Black had led to Christ thirty-two years before must have
had meetings among themselves for the number had increased to
thirty before Mr. Orth was sent there in 1816. He preached in
both German and English and was very successful in turning
many to righteousness. In 1820, the number of members had
increased to 89. Mr. Orth continued there till 1825. In that year
Mr. Black visited the town and preached in English, Mr. Orth
repeating the sermons in German for some of the people who
could not understand English.

During 1826, the circuit was without a preacher except for a
few weeks in which the eloquent Matthew Richey tarried there
making a profound impression upon the people. He was follow
ed in 1827 by Thomas H. Davies, who, not understanding Ger
man, found considerable difficulty in carrying on the work. In
these early days the Lunenburg congregation was somewhat
unique in Maritime Methodism in that German was generally

120 HISTORY OF METHODISM

preached, the first preachers remained for eight years, and the
preachers wore the gown until 1850.

Mr. Davies was followed in 1828 by John Marshall; 1829,
George Miller; 1831, Henry Pope, Snr., 1833, John Snowball;
1835, J. Marshall; 1837, W. E. Shenstone; 1840, W. Webb; in
1842, great revivals took place at Ritcey's Cove and Petite
Riviere; 1843, T. H. Davies; 1846, W. Wilson; 1849, R. Morton;
1852, R. Weddall; 1855, J. F. Bent; 1858, Jas. Hart; 1861,
Charles Stewart, assisted in .61 by J. G. Bigney and in .62 by A.
Gray; 1863, James Buckley assisted in .63 by A. Gray and in .64
by R. O'B. Johnson; 1865, J. J. Teasdale; 1867, G. O. Huestis;
1870, Jos. Gaetz, assisted in .72 by J. T. Baxendale; 1873, R.
Smith, assisted in .73 by J. T. Baxendale, and in .74 and .75 by
A. Hockin ; 1876, Thos. Rogers, assisted in .76 by J. H. Davis and
in .77 and .78 by J. W. Shepherdson; 1879, Alex. S. Tuttle; 1882,
Wm. Brown; 1885, J. Johnson; 1888, W. H. Langille; 1891, J. J.
Teasdale; 1893, J. L. Batty; 1896, B. Hills and C. H. C. McLar-
ren; 1899, J. A. Rogers; 1902, J. Craig; 1905, J. Appleby; 1909,.
J. P. Anthony; 1912, D. Farquhar; 1915, C. E. Crowell; 1918, A.
R. Reynolds; 1921, J. Appleby; 1925, P. M. Hartley.

Up till 1855, Lunenburg was part of the Petite Riviere cir
cuit. The old church on the hill was twice enlarged and after the
new church was opened, in 1885, the old one was torn down. The
old parsonage was built about the same time as the old church.
It was destroyed by fire on January 24th, 1885, during the pas
torate of Wm. Brown. Arthur Etter was killed by the falling of
a chimney. A new parsonage was built during the same year.
During the pastorate of William Brown a splendid and large new
church was erected and dedicated on March 15th, 1885, the
preachers being Revs. J. Gaetz, J. J. Teasdale, and G. 0. Hues
tis. In 1890, David Smith presented the church with a pipe
organ, and, in 1904, a new organ was installed. The Nova Scotia
Conference was held in the new church in 1885, and subsequent
ly in 1892, 1901, and 1914.

Many revivals have occurred at Lunenburg and its various
appointments. A great work of grace occurred in 1897 when the-
pastor, B. Hills, was assisted by Messrs. Crossley and Hunter in.
an evangelistic campaign which added two hundred and forty-
four to the membership of the church. In 1879, Ritcey's Cove,
afterwards called Riverport, was set off as the head of a new cir
cuit. Mahone Bay was set off as a separate circuit in 1883 with
"One to be sent" and, in 1885, with A. C. Borden as its pastor.

NOVA SCOTIA 121

Lunenburg has for many years been strengthened by able
and devoted laymen among whom Judge S. A. Chesley, a worthy
son of the parsonage, has occupied a most useful and influential
place. Here the genial, sunny Rev. G. O. Huestis, superannuated,
ended his long and inspiring ministry.

Chester — This mission, which has been somewhat irregularly
served, and for a long time discontinued, first appeared in the
Minutes of 1880 with "To be Supplied," followed by 1881, L.
Daniel; .82 to .89, Supply; 1890, J. A. Hart; 1892, W. C. Perry;
1894, R. M. Browne; 1895, H. B. Baird; 1896, A. W. Nicolson;
1897, C. A. Munro; 1899, H. H. McNeill; 1900, T. D. Hart;
1901-5, Supply; 1906, W. H. Watts; 1907, Supply; 1909, J. B.
Heal; 1910, Supply; 1912, C. L. Gesner.

In 1880, the few Methodists in the community decided to
build a small church and the six male members went to the
woods and got out the frame. The church was dedicated on
Feb. 10th, 1881, the preachers being Revs. R. Smith (President)
and A. S. Tuttle of Lunenburg. Two adults were baptized in the
afternoon and, with them, twelve received into the membership
of the Church. The Methodists were so few and the distance so
great from other Methodist communities that, of late years, no
ministerial appointments have been made to this mission.

Mahone Bay — The appointments of this circuit were for
many years connected with Lunenburg. They include Mahone
Bay, Blockhouse, Indian Point, and Mader's Cove. The present
church at Mahone Bay was dedicated on April 12th, 1874, the
Rev. Thomas Rogers being the preacher. Mahone Bay first ap
pears in the Minutes as the title of a mission, in 1883 with "One
to be sent" after it. In the year previous, however, Alban Daniel,
then a probationer, was sent for summer supply to Mahone Bay
and Chester, residing at the former. The mission was supplied
from 1883 to .85 by the venerable Christopher Lockhart, then a
supernumerary, and was followed by 1885, A. C. Borden; 1887,
J. L. Batty; 1890, R. Williams; 1893, R. McArthur; 1895, G. F.
Day; 1897, F. Friggens; 1901, J. Astbury; 1904, R. Williams
(2nd term) ; 1908, J. Craig; 1911, J. Sharp; 1912, Supply; 1913,
H. T. Roe; 1916, J. N. Ritcey; 1920, J. Phalen; 1921, Alban Dan
iel ; 1925, Cater Windsor.

Prominent names in connection with the history of the cir
cuit are Kedy, Westhaver, Mader, Strum, and MacLean. From

122 HISTORY OF METHODISM

this circuit, Joel Mader and Guy Mossman entered the ministry,
and Miss Leone Winters entered the Deaconess work of the
Methodist Church.

After extensive renovation, the building of a chancel, install
ing of furnace and electric light, the church at Mahone Bay was
reopened on Feb. 5th, 1905, during the pastorate of R. Williams,
the preachers being Revs. A. D. Morton and Jos. Gaetz, with ad
dresses in the afternoon by Rev. Mr. Ramsay (P.), Rev. Mr.
Brown (Bpt.) and Rev. J. Gaetz.

Riverport (formerly Ritcey's Cove) — The first Methodist
preaching in this community was held in a school house in 1819
the preacher being Rev. G. Orth of Lunenburg. Services con
tinued to be thus held till 1843 when a small church was erected.
A larger one was built at Rose Bay and dedicated by Rev. G. 0.
Huestis in 1867. In 1879, Ritcey's Cove became the head of a
separate circuit. In that year a parsonage was built and was
first occupied by Arthur Hockin. For some time before this the
assistant unordained preacher of the Lunenburg circuit resided
here. The present splendid church at Rose Bay was erected in
1897, at a cost of more than $10,000, during the pastorate of 0.
Gronlund. The old church was converted into a very well ar
ranged Sunday School and social service hall and connected with
the new edifice, completing one of the finest church plants in the
conference. The dedication took place on November 14th, 1897,
the preachers being Revs. J. L. Batty, B. Hills, and Jos. Gaetz.
The people take great pride in their church and keep it in the
best of order. It is well equipped with indirect lighting and an
excellent pipe organ. Large congregations attend the services.
Capt. Sam Risser held the office of circuit steward for about
thirty years and Jacob Ritcey that of superintendent of Sunday
School for forty years.

A new church at Feltzen South was built and dedicated in
March of 1889, the preacher being the Rev. Robt. Williams. It
has a seating capacity of two hundred.

At Middle LaHave a new church was built in 1872 under the
pastorate of Rev. Richard Smith at Lunenburg. It has a seat
ing capacity of two hundred and fifty.

The following is the list of ministers: 1879, A. Hockin; 1881,
D. B. Scott; 1884, G. 0. Huestis; 1887, R. Williams; 1890, J. L.
Batty: 1893, W. Ainley; 1895, 0. Gronlund; 1899, J. M. Fisher;
1902, J. Appleby; in 1904 the name was changed to Riverport;

NOVA SCOTIA 123

1905, W. C. Perry; 1909, W. Brown; 1912, J. W. Hobbs; 1914, W.
Nightingale; 1916, H. T. Gornall; 1918, W. H. Rackham; 1922,
P. M. Hartley; 1925, W. J. Wright. Mr. Hobbs died on January
9th, 1914, after an operation for appendicitis. He was a gifted
Welshmanj of great promise, but his sun went down while it was
yet noon at the age of 37 years, greatly lamented. J. Norman
Ritcey, of the Nova Scotia Conference, entered the ministry from
this circuit.

New Germany — This extensive circuit, formerly connected
with Lunenburg, first appears in the Minutes in 1863 with Sam
uel Martin as pastor followed by 1865, John Johnson; 1867, Benj.
J. Johnson; 1869 and .70, supplied from Lunenburg; 1871, C.
Parker; 1872, James Scott; 1875, W. D. Baines; 1876, A. Hockin;
1879, J. Gee; 1882, J. Sharp; 1885, J. W. Howie; 1887, Supply
(J. R. Downey) ; 1890, W. H. Edyvean; 1892, J. B. Hemmeon;
1893, J. R. Downey; 1897, A. S. Tuttle; 1899, J. H. Davis; 1900,
J. W. Turner; 1904, W. J. Bartlett; 1907, J. W. O'Brien; 1911,
P. T. Meek; 1912, E. Baines; 1913, Supply; 1914, Percy Johnson;
1918, A. R. Wallis; 1920, A. J. Reynolds; 1923, J. W. Hird; 1924,"
G. W. Beck.

This circuit includes New Germany, Barss' Corner, North-
field, Springfield, New Canada, and Ohio (Simpson's Corner).
In the year 1891 Northfield appeared as a separate mission with
H. C. McNeill, but it was re-united to New Germany in 1893.

For a time there also appeared the LaHave Lumbering or
Crossburn mission, as follows: 1906, A. D. Morton; 1907, Sup
ply; 1908, J. B. Heal, 1909, discontinued.

A new church was dedicated at New Canada on April 28th,
1878, during the pastorate of A. Hockin by Rev. J. S. Addy
(Chairman). It cost $1,400, was free from debt, and seated
two hundred and fifty. A new church was dedicated at North-
field, during the term of John Gee, on June 12th, 1881, the
preachers being Rev. John Johnson, who introduced Methodism
to that community, and Rev. A. Hockin. A new church was
dedicated at Barss' Corner, during the pastorate of J. W. Turner,
on May 10th, 1903, the preachers being Revs. A. D. Morton, G.
0. Huestis, and A. Hockin (President) .

Bridgewater — There is a tradition that William Black preach
ed here in May, 1783. No doubt some of the early intinerants in
passing through tarried long enough to preach occasional ser-

124 HISTORY OF METHODISM

mons. In 1855, Joseph F. Bent, stationed in Lunenburg, preached
here sometimes and in 1861, Charles Stewart made it a regular
preaching appointment of the Lunenburg circuit.

DesBrisay's history of Lunenburg County says that a Metho
dist Church was commenced in 1873 and finished in 1876.
Before this time services were held in the old school house and
in the Temperance Hall, and a Mr. Henry Meister also held
services in what was called the Meister Hall.

Mr. Edward Artz, the oldest living resident in Bridgewater,
kept a record of events, and his record shows that the Methodist
Church was commenced in 1875 but in the Autumn of that year
the frame was blown down during a very heavy gale. The peo
ple went to work again on January 22nd, 1876, and built the
Church which was opened on August 23rd, 1876. This record is
more reliable than the other. The Rev. Arthur Hockin was pres
ent at the opening services. The Rev. John Cassidy preached in
the morning from Matt. 27, 51: "The veil of the Temple was rent
in twain," and in the afternoon from Nehemiah 8:4 & 8: "And
Ezra the scribe stood upon a pulpit of wood," &c.

At that time the Circuit consisted of the following appoint
ments: Bridgewater, Summerside (New Dayspring), Baker's Set
tlement, Chelsea, Pentz Settlement, and Conquerall Bank.

Concerning the Summerside appointment, a record shows
that Henry and Elizabeth Newcombe gave a piece of land and
contributed money for the building of a Temperance Hall, the
lower part of which was to be used for Worship. Before this
time, services were held in the attic of the Newcombe home on
rainy days and on the lawn on fine days. The Hall was built
in 1881. Concerning the Conquerall Bank appointment, a Union
Church was built here by the Baptists and Methodists. Mrs. J.
N. Rafuse was the collector and one of the leading workers. One
incident worthy of note was her appeal to the blacksmith for
money. He was so pleased that he gave her all the money he
had in his possession and the Church was eventually built on the
site of the shop where he worked.

About 1859 a Sewing Circle was organized, which rendered
good service and which continues until this present.

In 1865, Edward Doran Davison came to Bridgewater from
Mill Village. It is said that no one ever went away from his
house in need of anything that he could give. DesBrisay's his
tory says that Mr. Davison gave more in 25 years toward the
erection of Churches than any other 20 men in the country. He

NOVA SCOTIA 125

told Solomon Mackay of Northfield that it was the Church he at
tended and the doctrine he believed in when asked for support
in building the Northfield Church.

During the pastorate of the Rev. J. R. Borden, in 1884, he
built and presented to the N. S. Conference a new Parsonage, a
commodious house, the one still in use. The three sons, Henry,
Frank and Edward all showed our cause much kindness. The
outside appointments were gradually dropped. Baker's Settle
ment became part of the New Germany Circuit. Pentz Settlement
became part of the Petite Riviere circuit and flourished until it
became the head of the LaHave circuit. Dayspring was dropped
during the pastorate of J. Sharp, practically all the Methodists
having left the place. Conquerall Bank Church was burned in
1920. Bridgewater has grown until it is now an important charge
of one appointment. The old Church was destroyed by fire on
March 17th, 1919, nothing saved, insurance $1,500. During the
building of a new church the services were held in Empire
Theatre. A handsome new brick church was erected on a differ
ent site and was dedicated on January 4th, 1920, during the
pastorate of J. G. Stones, at a cost of $30,000. A new $4,000 pipe
organ was also installed. The preachers at the dedication were
Revs. F. W. W. DesBarres and H. B. Clarke. This Church was
thought worthy of a place in the Architectural number of the
Christian Guardian.

The pastors of Bridgewater have been A. H. Clayton, part
of 1873 and whole of 1874 Conference year, followed by 1875,
C. W. Swallow; 1876, J. Cassidy; 1877, Wm. Brown; 1879,
Godfrey Shore (Supply part of second year) ; 1881, D. Hickey;
1883, J. C. Ogden; 1884, J. R. Borden; 1887, J. W. Prestwood;
1890, C. H. Huestis; 1893, R. S. Stevens; 1896, F. A. Buckley;
1899, H. Burgess; 1902, A. D. Morton; 1906, F. W. W. Des
Barres; 1907, J. G. Hockin; 1910, W. Ainley; 1912, J. Sharp;
1915, C. E. Hellens; 1918, J. G. Stones; 1922, E. Baines; 1925,
T. A. Mosley.

YARMOUTH DISTRICT

Yarmouth — In the year 1808 there arrived in Yarmouth a
man named Anthony Landers, who appears to have been the first
Methodist in that part of the Province. He arrived from Eng
land in a sailing vessel of one hundred tons and returned with a

126 HISTORY OF METHODISM

cargo of lumber. While in London he purchased from a person
there quite a large area of land near Yarmouth and returning he
engaged in farming and shipbuilding. In 1810, he began holding
meetings in a part of his large house at Hebron and soon after
began the building of a church. In answer to his earnest appeal
for a preacher, the assembled Wesleyan ministers sent Robert
Alder, a talented young preacher just out from England, to Yar
mouth, in 1816, Captain Landers guaranteeing his expenses. The
latter was in England on Mr. Alder's arrival and the young
preacher was for a time thrown on his own resources. He preach
ed the first Methodist sermon in the community in the house of
Waitstill Lewis at the foot of Lewis' Lane. He only remained a
few months but twelve members were received into church fel
lowship. Amongst these appear the names of Lewis and Dane
both representing influential church workers in after days.

Smith's History says: "In the absence of an immediate suc
cessor to Robert Alder, Captain Landers, on his return from
England, fitted up a dwelling and invited Thomas D. Stokoe,
of Fredericton, to remove to Yarmouth as a preacher and school
teacher. For a time Stokoe's ministry proved a blessing. Dur
ing the autumn of 1817, William Croscombe, then at Liverpool,
visited the little church, baptizing ten persons and administering
the Lord's-supper. On the arrival of Thomas Payne, in 1818, ar
rangements were made for the purchase of a building previously
used as a workshop, which was converted into a church. In this
sanctuary, enlarged in 1819, and subsequently furnished with
pews and galleries, the Methodists of Yarmouth continued to
worship, until increased numbers and wealth enabled them to
substitute for it the larger and more elegant Providence Church."
This new church was dedicated on August 5th, 1860, the preach
ers of the day being Revs. Ingham Sutcliffe, J. B. Likely and
Michael Pickles, the first two being the pastors and Mr. Pickles
a former pastor.

At the north end (Milton) a chapel was opened on Decem
ber 8th, 1839, at the corner of Elm and Main Sts. The dedication
took place in 1840. The present Wesley Church was begun in
1864. On Dec. 12th, a heavy gale blew down the spire, in course
of erection, and a tower was built instead. The church was dedi
cated on Oct. 22nd, 1865, the preachers being Revs. Dr. C. De-
Wolfe and C. B. Pitblado.

The following have been the ministers: 1816, R. Alder; 1817,
Supplied by T. D. Stokoe; 1818, Thos. Payne; 1919, J. Snowball;

NOVA SOOTIA 127

1920, R. H. Crane; 1921. Geo. Millar. For seven years, up till
1828, the church was supplied by a popular preacher, William W.
Ashley, who was not regularly connected with the Conference,
and whose removal caused some friction. Then follow 1828,
William Smith ; for a year and a half Yarmouth was supplied, on
every third Sunday, by T. H. Davies from Barrington ; 1832, W.
McDonald; 1834, Wm. Webb; 1836, J. McMurray; 1839, C. De-
Wolfe; 1841, C. Churchill; 1844, R. Morton; 1846, H. Pope, Snr.;
1849, R, Weddall; 1850, Richard Williams; 1851, W. Wilson;
1855, M. Pickles; 1856, M. Pickles and C. DeWolf; 1857, M.
Pickles; 1858, James England and Thomas B. Smith; 1859, Geo.
Johnson and Theo. S. Richey; 1860, Ingham Sutcliffe and in .60
and .61 J. B. Likely and .62 C. B. Pitblado; 1863, J. Prince and
in .63 W. C. Brown and in .64 J. R. Hart.

In 1865 the circuit was divided into Yarmouth North and
Yarmouth South.

Yarmouth North (Wesley^) — The appointments to Wesley
Church, after it became a separate charge, were 1865, W. W.
Perkins; 1867, H. Daniel; 1868, Jas. Hart; 1871, J. Lathern;
1873, J. A. Rogers; 1876, J. Read; 1879, J. Lathern, 1882, J. A.
Rogers; 1885, Jos. Gaetz; 1888, J. J. Teasdale; 1891, W. H.
Langille; 1894, T. J. Deinstadt; 1898, D. W. Johnson; 1901, W.
H. Heartz; 1905, W. G. Lane; 1909, J. Seller; 1911, A. S. Rogers;
1915, C. B. Sinden; 1917, W. H. Langille; 1921, H. T. Gornall;
1925, John H. Freestone. The new Wesley Church was dedicated
on Oct. 22nd, 1865, the preachers being Revs. C. DeWolfe, W.
W. Perkins (pastor) and C. B. Pitblado.

Amongst the names influentially connected with this con
gregation were Killam, Cann, Lovitt, Allen, Burrell, Young,
Dudman, Corning, Crowell, Law, Cook, Murphy, Gardner,
Attwood, Bryant, Vickery, Davis, Johnson and Hood. Mr. C. H.
Bryant and Mr. Edward Allen were, for many years, in turn,
superintendent of the Sunday School.

From this congregation Miss (Dr.) Maud Killam, after
wards Mrs. (Rev.) J. Neave, went to China as a missionary and,
after rendering splendid service, died in that far-away field. Miss
Ada Killam, her sister, has, for many years, been an efficient
missionary worker in Japan. In this congregation Rev. Dr.
Heartz found his devoted wife (Miss Julia Killam), aunt of the
two missionaries.

128 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Yarmouth South (Providence) — This church was dedicated
in August, 1860, the preachers being Revs. I. Sutcliffe, J. B.
Likely and Mr. Pickles. It was enlarged in 1883-4, having four
teen feet and a chancel added to it, at a cost of $4,000, free from
debt. It was reopened on January 27th, 1884, during the pastor
ate of J. A. Rogers, the preachers being Revs. J. Shenton and J.
J. Teasdale. A splendid new parsonage was built during the pas
torate of W. H. Heartz and occupied in December, 1891. The
lot, valued at $700, was donated by a lady of the congregation.
On Easter Sunday 1893, W. H. Heartz baptised thirty adults and
received 63 into the church.

Providence Church was destroyed by fire on Feb. 27th, 1921,
during the pastorate of J. G. Hockin. Services were continued
in the Y. M. C. A. hall. Negotiations for a union of the Provi
dence congregation with the Presbyterian and Congregational
Churches failed, but Providence and the Congregationalists uni
ted, using the church of the latter R. M. Jost (Methodist) being
the first pastor. The union took place on July 10th, 1921.

The following were the pastors since Providence became a
separate charge: 1865, J. Prince; 1866, J. G. Hennigar; 1869, J.
Shenton; 1872, J. L. Sponagle; 1874, L. Gaetz; 1875, J. M. Pike;
1878, J. J. Teasdale; 1881, W. H. Heartz; 1884, J. Strothard;
1887, J. M. Fisher; 1890, W. H. Heartz; 1893, E. B. Moore; 1896,
E. E. England; 1899, B. Hills; 1902, W. G. Lane; 1905, J. P. An
thony; 1909, R. M. Jost; 1911, C. E. Crowell; 1915, W. Phillips;
1920, J. G. Hockin; 1921, united Methodist and Congregational-
ist, R. M. Jost; 1922, J. W. O'Brien.

Mrs. (Rev.) James R. Hart (Miss Robertson) was a native
of Yarmouth. From this congregation Bradford J. Porter and
Douglas G. Guest entered the ministry of the Nova Scotia Con
ference, Mr. Guest, later, going to the United States. Miss Fuller
(daughter of Dr. Fuller) of this congregation became the wife of
Rev. Frank Dickenson, missionary to China. Amongst the prom
inent names of this congregation were Lewis, Stoneman, Dane,
Davison, Crosby, Robins, Guest, Rogers, Myers, Moses, Flint,
Cook, Lovitt, Chipman, Fuller, Richards.

Arcadia — This community was connected with the old Yar
mouth circuit until 1870 when the Yarmouth East circuit, after
wards called Arcadia, was organized with Thomas Rogers as min
ister. The church at Arcadia was dedicated on July 9th, 1871.
The parsonage was built during the pastorate of C. M. Tyler.

NOVA SCOTIA 129

The church at Tusket was dedicated on Feb. 3rd, 1878, dur
ing the pastorate of Robert Tweedy, the preachers being Revs.
James Taylor and John Read.

At Central Argyle Methodist services were begun by B. C.
Borden in 1881. A church was dedicated there on Dec. 13th,
1891, during the pastorate of Thomas D. Hart, the preachers be
ing Revs. W. H. Heartz, A. F. Brown (Bpt.) and T. D. Hart. A
church was also built at Plymouth during the pastorate of T. D.
Hart and was opened, free from debt, on January 12th, 1892, the
preachers being Revs. P. H. Robinson, J. W. Shepherdson and
W. H. Langille. The Brooklyn church was commenced in 1875
but was not finished until 1893, the services being held in the
basement before the superstructure was completed. It was dedi
cated *on Nov. 19th, 1893, during the pastorate of J. E. Donkin,
by Rev. E. B. Moore, the preachers on the following Sunday be
ing Rev. J. A. Rogers (11 and 7) and Rev. E. B. Moore at 3.

The following is the list of pastors: 1870, Thomas Rogers;
1873, J. M. Pike; 1875, Godfrey Shore; 1877, Robt. Tweedy;
1878, James Tweedy; 1880, B. C. Borden; 1883, P. H. Robinson;
1886, J. Craig; 1889, T. D. Hart; 1892, J. E. Donkin; 1895, J. W.
Shepherdson; 1898, C. M. Tyler; 1901, J. Lumsden; 1905, R. M.
Jost; 1909, B. Hills; 1912, E. E. Graham; 1915, C. M. Mack;
1919, F. G. Brown; 1921, R. L. Roach; 1924, A. F. Baker.

Hebron — Early mention is made of this community. Here
Captain Anthony Landers, from England, the first Methodist to
come to Yarmouth, purchased land and engaged in shipbuilding.
In 1815, he commenced the building of a large church at Hebron
which remained unfinished, services being held in it in the sum
mer time. After Robt. Alder came to Yarmouth he occupied this
church and when winter came a large room in the second story
of Hebron House, the residence of Capt. Landers, was fitted up
with pulpit and benches for public worship.

Hebron, with its neighboring settlements, was first connected
with Yarmouth and later with the Yarmouth East (Arcadia) cir
cuit. It appeared as the name of a separate mission in 1872 with
"One to be sent." The first appointment to it as a separate cir
cuit was made in 1875 W. H. Evans being the pastor. Then
followed 1877, F. H. Wright; 1878, J. L. Dawson; 1879, G. F.
Johnson; 1881, I. M. Mellish; 1884, W. A. Outerbridge; 1886, C.
H. Huestis; 1887, L. Daniel; 1889, J. A. Smith; 1892, P. H. Rob
inson; 1893, A. B. Higgins; 1896, F. W. W. DesBarres; 1898, J.

130 HISTORY OF METHODISM

H. Toole; 1900, D. B. Hemmeon; 1904, W. M. Ryan; 1905, W.
B. M. Parker; 1907, J. Sharp; 1911, H. C. McNeill; 1913, F.
Friggens, assisted by A. B. Dewberry in .13, Geo. Rackham in
.14 and J. W. Hughes in .15; 1917, W. R. Seeley; 1920, J. Baxter;
1924, R. C. White.

An attractive new church was dedicated at Hebron on July
28th, 1878, during the pastorate of J. L. Dawson, the preachers,
being Revs. J. Taylor (President), J. Read, and J. J. Teasdale.
The cost was $2,500. This church was destroyed by fire on
Dec. 8th, 1890. The vestry of the new church was occupied on
Nov. 21st, 1891 and in the following year the church was com
pleted.

Brenton and other places were detached from Hebron in
1884, forming a separate mission, and after a few years joined up
with Port Maitland, but both were re-connected with Hebron in
1911 so that the Hebron circuit included Hebron, Pembroke,
Lake Darling, Brenton and Port Maitland.

Brenton — This place, cut off from Hebron, became the head
of a mission in 1884 with I. M. Mellish as pastor. It was sup
plied by D. K. Smith from 1887 to .89; 1891, C. A. Munro; 1894,
Supply; 1895, C. M. Mack; 1896, H. D. Townsend. In 1897 it
was connected with Port Maitland. Mrs. (Rev.) B. J. Porter
(Miss Clements) was born at Brenton.

Port Maitland — By the invitation of Reformed Baptists and
others, Methodist services were begun here in 1894, Jabez Apple-
by being appointed pastor. In 1897, the mission took the name
of Port Maitland and Brenton. Then follow 1899, J. W. Aikens;
1900, J. P. Anthony; 1903, G. F. Mitchell; 1906, W. J. Wright;
1909, H. B. Clarke; 1910, S. Jefferson. This mission was discon
tinued in 1911 its appointments being connected with Hebron.

Barrington — This community was visited by the intrepid
Freeborn Garrettson in 1786. He, with a companion, went there
on foot from Shelburne, through the woods, "Indian file," over
swamps without causeway, and over rivers and brooks unbridged
save by a windfall, through mud and water. The people had been
warned against him. A Calvinist minister wrote them that there
was "One Garrettson going through the country who was a dan
gerous Arminian." Reaching the head of the harbor they
announced that Garrettson would preach in the Old Meeting

NOVA SCOTIA 131

House on that day an hour before sunset. This old church, the
frame of which was brought from New England in 1765, is still
standing, and is one of the very oldest church buildings in Can
ada. It was built by the earliest settlers, nearly all of whom were
Congregationalists. It is four-square, with small windows, high
pulpit, and galleries, with box pews enclosed by doors. Only
twenty came to hear Garrettson and none of them were cordial
enough to invite the strangers to their homes, but, after the dis
persion, a kind woman who subsequently became a most devoted
and useful member of the church returned and invited them to
her home. On the following Sunday, a hundred listened to the
preacher but still "looked very coldly" upon him. After visiting
some neighboring settlements, during the week, he came back the
next Sunday, a large congregation assembling, and such a work
of grace began as touched almost every family. A church of
fifty members was organized and four leaders and two stewards
were appointed to watch over the interests of the society. Thus
Methodism came to Harrington. Among these early converts
were Doanes, Coffins, Sargents, men of talent and education, who
(or their sons), as magistrates, legislators, or local preachers,
made a powerful impress for good upon the community and the
country to which they belonged. One of these, William Sargent,
a grandson of John Sargent, one of the first converts and son of
Winthrop Sargent, Esq., a noted local-preacher, entered the
Methodist ministry. He was a preacher and pastor of much
promise but his career was soon cut short by tuberculosis which
ended his earthly life while stationed at Bear River, on March
3rd, 1877, in the 36th year of his age, and the twelfth of his
ministry. Howard P. Doane also entered the Nova Scotia Confer
ence from this circuit and after years of faithful service remov
ed to the United States.

This community was the scene of several wide-spread reviv
als of religion. In 1786-7, under the ministry of James Mann,
fifty members were added to the church. In 1807, Mr. Mann was
privileged to receive a large number into the church. Extensive
revivals took place under Matthew Richey in 1828 and under
John McMurray in 1844.

The Methodists worshipped in the Old Meeting House re
ferred to for about thirty years, until 1816 when they erected a
church of their own. This was superseded by the present build
ing opened in January, 1866. A new parsonage was built during
the pastorate of Robert Wasson (1868-71).

132 HISTORY OF METHODISM

In referring to the old chapel built in 1816, Rev. Edwin
Crowell says: "One piece of its furniture was a brass chandelier
presented by the famous John Wesley. This was unsuitable for
the lighting of the later chapel, and it was laid aside, but, with
the introduction of electric lighting recently at Barrington Head,
the Wesley chandelier was found to serve the purpose and ac
cordingly was installed again."

At least two ministers died at Barrington during their pas
torate there. The first was W. H. Edyvean on September 3rd,
1901, at the age of 48, in the 26th year of his ministry. The
second was James Lumsden who passed away on April 25th,
1915, aged 61, in the 34th year of his ministry. Both of these
devoted ministers were highly esteemed.

It is difficult to give an exact list of the ministers previous to
1855, as in the earlier years the appointments included such a
wide range of territory as is comprised in the whole of Yarmouth
and Shelburne Counties. The following were either stationed at
Barrington or supplied it from Shelburne: Garrettson, Crom
well, James Mann, Wm. Jessop, John Mann, Richard Stockoe;
Daniel Fidler, Wm. Bennett, John Cooper, A. C. Avard, J.
Knowlan, George Millar; Henry Pope, M. Richey, T. H. Davies.
W. Webb. Some of these were at Barrington or Shelburne more
than once. Beginning with 1839, William E. Shenstone was sta
tioned at Barrington and remained four years. Then follow 1843-
46, John McMurray and Henry Pope, Jnr., 1844-46; 1846, Ro
land Morton; 1849, W. Wilson; 1851, J. V. Jost; 1854, R. Wed-
dall; 1855, C. Lockhart; 1858, Robt. Duncan; 1861, J. Buckley,
assisted in .62 by R. M. Smith ; 1863, Elias Brettle, assisted in .64
by W. W. Colpitts, in .65 by C. W. Dutcher; 1866, Thomab
Smith, assisted in .66 by C. W. Dutcher and in .67 by Wm. Sar
gent; 1868, Robt. Wasson, assisted in 1868 by Wm. Sargent and
in .69 by R. B. Mack who resided at Port La Tour, which became
a separate circuit in 1870; 1871, Jotham M. Fulton; 1873, J. S.
Coffin; 1876, F. H. W. Pickles; 1879, Jas. R. Hart; 1882, Richard
Smith; 1885, John Cassidy; 1887, J. R. Borden; 1889, J. Hale;
1892, C. Jost; 1896, C. H. Huestis; 1899, W. H. Edyvean; 1901,
John Johnson; 1902, D. Hickey; 1906, J. W. Prestwood; 1909, F.
Friggens; 1913, J. Lumsden; 1915, J. Astbury; 1919, H. T. Gor-
nall; 1921, W. S. Loring; 1924, W. I. Croft.

The appointments on this circuit are Barrington Head (the
parsonage is there) , Barrington Passage (neat M. church) , Bear
Point (formerly Bare Point, Union church), and Shag Harbor

NOVA SCOTIA 133

(good M. church). Seal Island, about twenty miles off the Bar-
rington Passage shore, is visited annually. In the lobster fishing
season it is well peopled and the different ministers spend a week
on it remaining over one Sunday. Mr. and Mrs. John Crowell,
light-house keepers, have generously entertained the ministers
for many yearly visits.

The Rev. David Hickey and his esteemed wife, after a de
voted ministry, are spending the evening of their day at Barring-
ton, where they were happily stationed from 1902 to 1906.

Port La Tour — In 1869, Robert Wasson, stationed at Bar-
rington, had R. B. Mack as assistant and resident at Port La
Tour. In 1870, Port La Tour appears on the Minutes as the
head of a circuit, and the following have been its ministers: 1870,
R. B. Mack; 1872, J. R. Borden; 1875, J. Tweedy; 1878, R.
McArthur; 1881, A. Hockin; 1884, R. Williams; 1887, I. M. MeU
lish; 1890, A. Daniel; 1893, J. Appleby; 1896, J. H. Davies; 1899,
J. Phalen; 1903, W. Nightingale; 1907, W. B. M. Parker; 1910,
H. H. McNeill; 1914, H. P. Patterson; 1917, A. J. Reynolds;
1920, A. Thorpe; 1924, W. H. Palmer; 1925, Jabez R. Saint.

This circuit includes Baccaro, Upper Port La Tour, Cape
Negro, Port Clyde and Blanche. Some of these communities
were visited by the earliest itinerants. Garrettson visited Cape
Negro and the ten families resident there were much impressed,
and during his stay sixteen persons were organized into a class-
meeting. Cromwell also visited these settlements in 1786 and
was favored with "a blessed revival." The names of Crowell.
Smith, Snow, Swain and Nickerson find a prominent place in the
history of this circuit of devoted Methodist people.

A new church was built at Port Clyde and dedicated on
January 20th, 1878, J. Tweedy being the pastor, and the preach
ers being Revs. J. Taylor, F. H. W. Pickles and J. Scott. A fine
new church was dedicated at Baccaro, on December 9th, 1923,
during the pastorate of A. Thorpe, the preachers being Revs. Dr.
Heartz (11 and 7) and W. S. Loring at 3.

North East Harbor — There were a few members at Roseway
in Garrettson's time. Smith's History says: "In January, 1844,
the circuit preacher (John McMurray), assisted by Hugh F.
Houston (local preacher), commenced special effort at North
East Harbor, which with brief intervals, and aided by other local
preachers, was reported at various appointments, the meetings

134 HISTORY OF METHODISM

being thus continued until May, when hundreds had professed
conversion. Further results were seen in the erection of several
new churches at an early date."

The first Methodist church at Roseway was built about
1825. In the year 1877, a new church was built, the old one be-*
ing moved and used as a public hall. A new church was dedi
cated at Roseway on May 6th, 1883, at a cost of $3,550. Revs.
R. Smith and A. Hockin were the preachers and J. C. Ogden the
pastor. This church was destroyed by a fire which swept the
village in the summer of 1911. A new church was dedicated on
February 16th, 1913, at a cost of $2,500, Rev. F. Friggens, Chair
man, being the preacher. A new church was dedicated at Black
Point on October 26th, 1890, during the pastorate of J. W. Shep-
herdson, the Rev. J. J. Teasdale, Chairman, being the preacher.
The church at N. E. Harbor was destroyed by fire on February
17th, 1907, and a new church was dedicated on February 16th,
1908, H. G. Bandey, pastor, and Rev. Dr. Heartz, the special
preacher.

This circuit includes North East Harbor, Roseway, Black
Point and Carleton Village on the mainland, and two island ap
pointments — Cape Negro Island and McNutt's Island. Carleton
Village and McNutt's Island were for many years connected with
this mission but, in 1910, the Methodists there united with the
Presbyterians and continued to be ministered to by the Clyde
River Presbyterian minister until September, 1924, when Port
Saxon was separated from the North East Harbor mission and
added to the Presbyterian cause, and Carleton Village and Mc
Nutt's Island were returned to the North East Harbor Methodist
mission. In 1914, the old parsonage, located at N. E. Harbor,
was disposed of and a new one built at Ingomar in the immediate
vicinity of the Black Point church.

During the pastorate of W. A. Outerbridge, in 1886, a gen
eral revival of religion took place on this mission.

The following is the list of pastors: North East Harboi-
appears in 1862 bracketed with Shelburne with C. W. Dutcher
assistant and resident at N. E. Harbor. In 1863, it appears as a
separate circuit with F. H. W. Pickles. Then follow 1865, T. D.
Hart; 1868, R. H. Taylor; 1871, W. W. Lodge; 1874, J. W.
Howie; 1877, J. Scott; 1880, J. C. Ogden; 1883, J. E. Donkin;
1886, W. A. Outerbridge; 1889, J. W. Shepherdson; 1892, D.
Farquhar; 1895, J. Lumsden; 1896, J. Phalen; 1899, J. A. Smith;
1901, T. A. Bowen; 1903, G. F. Day; 1906, H. G. Bandey; 1908,

NOVA SCOTIA 135

A. R. Reynolds; 1911, A. W. Dycer; 1913, A. M. Angus; 1917,
J. G. Stones; 1918, A. Thorpe; 1920, Supply (A. Armitage) ; 1922,
G. F. Mitchell.

»

Shelbume — At the end of the American revolutionary war,
in the spring of 1783, ten thousand loyalists and disbanded troops
landed at the head of the harbor of Port Razoir and began the
erection of a town which they named Shelburne. Amongst the
early settlers was Robert Barry, a man of influence, and a de
voted Methodist who was destined to exercise a power for good
in that and other communities on the South Shore of the pro
vince. In June of that first year (1783) William Black visited
this unsettled town and preached the first Methodist sermon
among the stumps in front of Robert Barry's tent, having a table
for his pulpit. Charles White, another Methodist leader among
the new settlers and who afterwards returned to the United
States, placed a room in a large building, which he erected for
business purposes, at the disposal of the Methodists for public
worship. After Wm. Black's visit regular services were for some
time conducted by John Mann, one of the earliest itinerant
preachers.

Mr. Black visited Burchtown, a large negro settlement, six
miles from Shelburne, and was much pleased with the Christian
life which he found among them. Their local spiritual leader
was "Old Moses", a crippled colored preacher who had a marvel
lous native eloquence. This colony, at the failure of the adven
ture of establishing a large town at Shelburne, was transported
to Sierra Leone, Africa, in 1791, and it is supposed that "Old
Moses" went with them. They carried the Christian religion
with them into the dark continent from which their fathers wert
taken as slaves.

The eloquent Freeborn Garrettson arrived at Shelburne in
August of 1785 and the meeting room becoming too small, the
Anglican rector, who had been allowed the use of the Methodist
room whilst his own church was being built, invited Garrettson
to preach in it, which he did for three Sundays, when the vestry
men objected and Garrettson, driven from the church, took his
stand upon a rock which is still pointed out at the Cove, below
the town. In a short time White's building was enlarged to ac
commodate four hundred persons, but it was still too small and
Garrettson proposed to the colored people to build a small place
of worship for themselves at the north end of the town. During

136 HISTORY OF METHODISM

the six weeks spent by Garrettson at Shelburne, he received one
hundred and fifty persons into the membership. His work there
was not carried on without considerable opposition and some
times offensive interference but the more the opposition the
greater became the success of his endeavor. The winter of 1785-
86 found Cromwell as pastor at Shelburne. In 1789, both Gar
rettson and Cromwell, who had rendered such splendid service
to Methodism in the province, returned to the United States.
Boyd, Fisler, and Jessop are names of Methodist ministers which
visited Shelburne and neighboring communities in the early fol
lowing years. In 1797, Daniel Fidler was appointed to Shelburne
and labored there with much success for nearly two years. He
formed a church of thirty members at Sable River, following »
gracious revival.

When the project to build a large town at Shelburne failed
a general exodus from the place took place which, of course,
greatly depleted the membership of the church, but Robert Barry
remained and became the leader of the little band which con
tinued to meet in the sail-loft in Ann street, fitted up for the pur
pose with pulpit and benches.

On the 4th of September, 1804, John Mann laid the founda
tion stone of the first Methodist church erected in Shelburne.
It was dedicated on February 16th, 1806, James Mann preaching
to a large congregation. For some years following the cause was
small and irregularly supplied, but under the care of John Pope,
sent there in 1822, the church was strengthened, only to be again
weakened by the irregular service given it for several years. In
1839, arrangements were made to have it visited at regular in
tervals from Barrington.

This circuit, in recent years, included Middle Ohio, Lower
Ohio, Sandy Point, Jordan Ferry, East Jordan, Jordan Falls, and
Shelburne. At the first five places the churches are union, open
to all denominations. There are Methodist churches at Jordan
Falls and Shelburne. The latter was built in 1873-74 and the
former in 1874-5, both during the pastorate of the Rev. Paul
Prestwood. The church at Jordan Ferry was opened in 1876, the
preachers officiating being J. R. Borden (M.) , E. D. Miller (P.) ,
and Mr. Goudy (B.).

There are three marble tablets on the vestry walls of the
Shelburne church. One is to the memory of Rev. James Mann,
who died at North East Harbor on Christmas Day, 1820, aged
70 years, and in the 34th year of his ministry. The second is in

NOVA (SCOTIA 137

memory of Rev. William McKinnon, who died at Shelburne,
March 26th, 1862, aged 33 years, in the 9th year of his ministry.
The third is in memory of Robert G. Irwin, who for upwards of
forty years was a devoted and active official member, steward,
trustee, and Sabbath School Superintendent. He passed away in
1905, in the 73rd year of his age.

The Methodists and Presbyterians of Shelburne united on
April 6th, 1923, the special preachers, on the occasion, being Rev.
J. W. A. Nicholson (P.), of Dartmouth, and Rev. A. S. Rogers,
President of the Nova Scotia Conference. The two pastors, G. R.
McKean (P.), and M. R. Ewing (M.), remained in associate
charge for some time after the union.

At a joint meeting of committees from the Methodist Yar
mouth District and the Presbytery of Lunenburg and Yarmouth,
held at Shelburne, on January 28th, 1923, it was recommended
that the Methodist churches of Lockeport and Shelburne should
unite as soon as possible; that the Presbyterian people of Bar-
rington Passage go in with the Methodists and that the Presby
terian church be used for worship ; that the communities of Clyde
River, Port Clyde, and Port Saxon constitute a pastoral charge;
that Carleton Village and McNutt's Island be added to the North
East Harbor circuit, and that Port La Tour receive a grant from
Sustentation and Missionary funds as compensation for the loss
of Port Clyde.

The following is the list of pastors since 1855: J. L. Spon-
agle; 1857, Samuel Avery; 1858, R. Tweedy; 1861, Wm. McKin
non and R. Mitchell Smith; 1862, C. DeWolf; 1863, James
Burns; 1865, T. Watson Smith; 1868, T. D. Hart; 1870, J. S.
Coffin; 1873, P. Prestwood; 1876, J. Taylor; 1878, J. R. Borden;
1881, R. B. Mack; 1884, J. G. Bigney; 1886, A. Daniel; 1887,
J. H. Davis; 1890, L. Daniel; 1893, F. A. Buckley; 1896, A. D.
Morton; 1899, W. A. Outerbridge; 1902, H. Burgess; 1906, W.
Phillips; 1908, A. Lund; 1911, J. Craig; 1914, L. Daniel; 1917,
J. W. Prestwood; 1921, F. G. Brown; 1921, Merton R. Ewing;
1924, United Methodist and Presbyterian, M. R. Ewing (M.),
andG. R. McKean (P.).

Lockeport — Previous to the formation of this circuit, the
community was visited by Methodist ministers from Shelburne,
who preached in the old Presbyterian Kirk. Lockeport became
the head of a separate mission in 1875 with William Sargent as
pastor but who only remained for one year removing to Bear

138 HISTORY OF METHODISM

River where he died in March, 1877, at the early age of 36. He
was succeeded by William Ainley during whose pastorate the
church was begun but not finished until the pastorate of William
{Brown who followed him. It is said there was no well at the
rented parsonage and that Mr. Brown took off his coat and
digged one and stoned it. John L. Dawson followed and notice
having been given by the missionary authorities that grants
would not be continued for rent of parsonage, a movement wa*
set on foot to build one which was accomplished so that W. H.
Langille, who succeeded Mr. Dawson, was able to occupy it when
he went to the circuit in 1885. Extended revivals occurred dur
ing the pastorates of Mr. Dawson and Mr. Langille.

During the pastorate of the latter the Methodist church at
Allendale was built. There was already a church there, known
as a Union Church (Baptist and Methodist), but in some way
the Baptists took full possession and the Methodists were left
out in the cold. By the splendid encouragement of Mr. J. R.
Ruggles, of Lockeport, the church was built. The whole interior
was lathed in one day by Messrs. Ruggles, Langille, and men
from the community. As a sort of prophecy of union, the pulpit
and seats of the old Presbyterian Kirk of Lockeport were secur
ed for this church. The family of George Wall gave splendid
assistance to the cause in this community.

The largest outside appointment, on this circuit, is Little
Harbor, much older as a Methodist field than Lockeport. It was
early connected with Liverpool, and the ministers would come to
Sable River and swim their horses across and then drive on to
Little Harbor. Mr. Peter Spearwater, a talented local preacher,,
resided here and kept the fires burning in the absence of the min
isters. He was also for a time a member of the provincial legis
lature. Late in life he removed to Mahone Bay where he died.
The minutes of the quarterly official board, of March 14th, 1889,
record that J. Arthur Hart was licensed as a local preacher and
George Wall was appointed an exhorter.

In April of 1924, the Methodists and Presbyterians of
Lockeport united and a fine spirit of unity prevails.

Dr. Frank Irwin held the offices of recording Steward and
Sunday School Superintendent for nine years; J. R. Ruggles the
latter office for four years and Wm. L. Ringer has held the posi
tion for twenty-two years. Dr. T. C. Lockwood has held the
position of circuit Steward from 1899 to the present time. For
more than forty years, Dr. T. C. Lockwood and Mr. J. R. Ruggles,

NOVA SOOTIA 139

both old Mount Allison men, have lived at Lockeport and have
been most loyal supporters and inspiring leaders in the Church,
and both occupy prominent places on the Board of the newly or
ganized church.

The following is the list of pastors: 1875, Wm. Sargent;
1876, Wm. Ainley; 1879, Wm. Brown; 1882, J. L. Dawson; 1885,
W. H. Langille; 1888, T. D. Hart; 1889, A. C. Borden; 1891, G.
W. Whitman, 1894, C. E. Crowell; 1897, D. B. Hemmeon; 1900,
G. F. Day; 1903, C. A. Munro; 1907, B. J. Porter; 1910, J. W.
Hobbs; 1912, R. B. Thomas; 1913, E. Baines; 1916, J. Phalen;
1920, H. S. Bird (part of year supplied by Guy Mossman) ; 1921,
'Cater Windsor; 1924, United Methodist and Presbyterian, C.
Windsor; 1925, W. H. Rackham.

140 HISTORY OF METHODISM

CHAPTER III

NEW BRUNSWICK AND PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND
CONFERENCE

In the organization of the N. B. and P. E. I. Conference,
which took place at the close of the last Conference of Eastern
British America, in Charlottetown, on Friday, July 3rd, 1874,
Rev. Henry Pope, Jr., was elected President and Rev. Duncan D.
Currie, Secretary. The Conference had five districts as follows:
St. John, Fredericton, Sackville, St. Stephen, and Prince Edward
Island, whose respective Chairmen were Revs. H. Pope, H. Me-
Keown, W. McCarty, J. Prince, and D. D. Currie, with Fin. Sec
retaries — Revs. R. Duncan, R. Wilson, Joseph Hart, Jas. Taylor,
and H. P. Cowperthwaite.

The ministers elected to the first General Conference were
Revs. H. Pope, Jr., H. Pickard, C. Stewart, J. Taylor, D. D. Cur
rie, Jos. Hart, J. Prince and H. McKeown.

It was reported that the Districts had elected the following
laymen to General Conference: Edward E. Lockhart, Z. Chip-
man, Hon. L. A. Wilmot, A. Rowley, D. Allison, R. Luttrell,
Hon. W. G. Strong, and G. R. Beer. Rev. H. Pickard was elect
ed to the Missionary Board and Rev. R. Duncan to the Transfer
Committee.

Other prominent laymen appointed to committees were
Ralph Brecken, Mariner Wood, Hon. Judge Young, Joseph
Prichard, Wm. A. Robertson, A. C. A. Salter, S. D. McPhersonr
J. B. Snowball, A. A. Stockton, William E. Dawson, C. H. B.
Fisher.

This Conference entered upon its career with sixty-seven cir
cuits, on which there were 5,813 members with 1,218 on trial,
fifty-nine ministers, of whom eight were supernumeraries and
twenty-two probationers. In ten years these figures had increas
ed so that at the second union, in 1884, there were seventy-eight
circuits with 8,045 members, and four hundred and ninety-four
on trial, eighty-nine ministers, ten of them being supernumer
aries and six probationers. In the union of 1884, four ministers,
548 members and fifteen on trial, previously belonging to the
Bible Christian Church of Prince Edward Island, came into the-

NEW BRUNSWICK 141

Conference so that, at the close of the Conference, the figures
stood as eighty-two circuits 8,593 members and five hundred and
nine on trial, ninety-three ministers, of whom eleven were super
numeraries and six probationers. Many gracious revivals had
occurred during the decade, the year 1876 being specially fruit
ful. During April of that year many accessions were made to
nearly all the St. John churches.

Reference was made above to the five Districts with which
the Conference began in 1874. In 1875, the Miramichi District
was constituted by setting off certain circuits from the Freder-
icton District, and in 1898 the name of this new District was
changed to Chatham. In 1893, the P. E. I. District was divided
into two, named respectively Charlottetown and Summerside,
and in 1894 the Woodstock District was constituted from a por
tion of the Fredericton District. In 1894, the Sackville District
was divided into the Sackville and Moncton Districts, but both
were so small they were reunited in the following year under the
original name. Thus the Districts were increased to eight.

The names of the members and probationers of this Con
ference, as it was constituted in 1874, will be found in Appendix
C.

It may be of interest to note the increase of membership by
decades. The record is as follows, only full members being
given: 1874, 5,813; in 1884, 8,045; in 1894, 11,952 (this includes
548 who came in from the Bible Christians in 1884) ; in 1904,
13,544; in 1914, 14,381; in 1924, 16,023. It will be noted that as
it was in Nova Scotia, so it was in this Conference. The earlier
decades were more fruitful than the latter ones and the decade
before the war was the leanest of the lot, the last being next to
it in that respect. See comment in similar notes on the Nova
Scotia Conference.

In 1924, there were one hundred and sixteen ministers and
probationers in the Conference of whom twenty-four were sup
erannuates, fourteen probationers. Of the seventy-eight remain
ing, three had leave of absence, two are Professors, one a mis
sionary to Japan and one Editor of The Wesleyan, leaving sev
enty-one in active circuit work.

ST. JOHN DISTRICT
St. John — From an old Wesleyan we gain the following in-

142 HISTORY OF METHODISM

teresting account of the establishment of Methodism in St. John :
"Among the loyalists who, on the 18th day of May, in the year
1783, landed on the rugged shore where now is the market slip
of the city of St. John, N. B., there was a New Jersey Metho
dist whose name was Stephen Humbert. Through his earnest
solicitations several Methodist ministers visited the growing
town in its early years. The first residents of St. John were
chiefly adherents of the Church of England. Henry Alline, and
a few other so-called non-conformist preachers, came, tarried a
brief period, held services, and went on their way. On the 24th
of September, 1791, Rev. Abraham John Bishop arrived at St.
John. On the first Sunday after his arrival he preached. On the
first Sabbath in October (1791) he organized a class-meeting
in a house owned by a Mr. John Kelly, on the corner of Char
lotte and Princess Streets. Mrs. Cynthia Kelly, his wife, was
appointed leader of the class. This was the beginning of Metho
dism in St. John.

In November, 1791, Rev. William Black, then stationed in
Halifax, visited St. John. He desired to preach but the chief
magistrate, sometimes called the mayor, threatened him with
imprisonment in the county jail if he should thus officiate with
out first obtaining special permission from the Governor of the
Province.

Germain Street (Queen Square) — In the early part of 1792,
the few Methodists of the town purchased (for £200) a building
on the west side of Germain Street, between Duke and Queen
Streets. This building was used for a number of years as the
local City Hall and Court House. In this building the services
of the Church of England were held previous to the completion
of Trinity Church in 1791.

The erection of the Germain Street Methodist Church was
attended with serious difficulties. The adherents of the cause
were few, and those few possessed but limited financial resources.
A site was secured on the north-east corner of Germain and
Horsefield Streets. In the winter of 1807, the timber for the
frame of a church forty-two by sixty feet was placed upon the
ground. In April of that year, Rev. Joshua Marsden held an
open-air service, on the site, standing on a small rock in the
midst of the frame ready to be raised. His text was: "Upon this
rock I will build my Church, and the gates of hell shall not pre
vail against it." Some of the towns-people of that day laughed

NEW BRUNSWICK 143

at the small band of praying Methodists, for having attempted,
in that enterprise, to do what they thought could never be ac
complished. The church was completed in the following year,
and on Christmas day, 1808, it was dedicated. The Rev. Wil
liam Bennett preached the sermon and conducted the dedicatory
services. This was the second place of worship built in St. John.
The old Trinity was the first. The old St. Andrew's Kirk was
the third.

The Germain Street Church was enlarged, by the addition
to its length of twenty feet, during the incumbency of Rev.
Sampson Busby, in 1834. The school-room, about twenty-two
by eighty feet, was built at the same time. On the occasion of
the corontion of Queen Victoria, in 1838, this school room was
the largest public hall for social on secular meetings in St. John.
On the day of the coronation of Victoria an enthusiastic meeting
was held there with Judge Parker in the chair. Rev. Stephen
Bamford and other prominent public men of the city were the)
speakers of the day."

It will thus be seen that Queen Square, formerly Germain
Street, is the mother Church of Methodism in St. John, not only
because it was the first, but also because it was through the en
ergy and consecration of its members that Centenary and other
churches were inspired and erected. Prior to acquiring the use
of the hall occupied previous to 1808, the congregation met in
private houses, and it is interesting to note that the old mahogany
table from which the first sacrament was administered, a cen
tury and a quarter ago, is still in possession of the church and
is highly prized as a most interesting link with the past it being
the first altar of Methodism in the city. This table was brought
from New York by John Kelly who was among the Loyalists who
landed in St. John, in 1783, and in whose house the first Metho
dist services in the city were held.

The Church, dedicated in 1808, continued to be used until
the terrible fire of June, 1877, swept it away also consuming
the great majority of the homes of its people. After the fire, the
congregation met for some time in Exmouth St. Church and later
in Ring's Hall. Meanwhile a new lot was purchased on Queen
Square and in 1878 the Sunday School Hall was finished and oc
cupied. The church was completed in 1879, the dedication tak*
ing place on Sunday, October 5th, a most fitting day, as it was
on the first Sunday in October that the Rev. Mr. Bishop held the
first Methodist service in the city. Rev. John Read was the

144 HISTORY OF METHODISM

pastor. A morning prayer meeting was conducted by Rev. J. S.
Addy. The preachers of the day were Revs. Charles Stewart,
D.D., Hezekiah McKeown (President of the Conference), and
D. D. Currie. The Rev. Prof. John Burwash, D. D., was the
preacher on the second Sunday. The organ was presented by
Mr. Joseph Bullock. ,

In 1809, George Taylor, school-teacher and local preacher,
organized, in old Germain Street Church, the first Sunday
School in the city. In the early days of Methodism there were
quite a number of most devoted and efficient local preachers.
Such as George Taylor, John Ferguson, William Till, Samuel
Hanford McKee, Matthew Thomas, William Nesbit, Thomas
Furness, Peter Sleep, Thomas Hutchings and others, who proved
themselves to be strong supporters of the pastors especially in
the outlying portions of the city. This devoted congregation
continues to emulate the enterprise and zeal of its founders.

Amongst its later lay workers might be mentioned Jas. and
Denis Sullivan, Wm. A. Robertson, Andrew Gilmour, John B.
Gaynor, John N. Moore, J. R. Woodburn, J. Williard and R.
Duncan Smith, T. C. Humbert, Hon. G. E. King, Harry G. Jor
dan, and Joseph Bullock.

The Sunday School Superintendents of this Church have
been, in order, as follows: Geo. Taylor, Alex. McLeod, Wm. Till,
Wm. Nesbit, Geo. A. Lockhart, Gilbert Ray, Geo. Whittaker,
Edward E. Lockhart, T. C. Humbert, J. R. Woodburn, J. W.
Potts, J. R. Woodburn, J. Willard Smith, F. S. Thompson, R.
Duncan Smith, Henry Thomas, R. D. Smith, T. J. Gunn, C. M.
Lingley, R. D. Smith, N. A. Rogers.

The following have been class-leaders: Capt. Joseph Prich-
ard, Harmon Trueman, John Benson, James Hale, Chas. Robin
son, Thomas Gilmour, Jacob Wilson, Mrs. Wm. Smith, Mrs.
(Rev.) Hennigar, Mrs. Benson, Mrs. Stewart, Henry Maxwell.

In a revival in 1806, under Joshua Marsden, one hundred
were added to the church at a time when the population of the
city was only 3,000. Cottage meetings held by David Collins re
sulted in a great revival, and in evangelistic services held by
Rev. Howard Sprague in 1876 many were added to the Church.

From this Church Misses Minnie and Grace Robertson went
as missionaries to Japan. Walter S. Thompson is engaged in
mission work in England and Egbert Thompson is a medical Mis
sionary. The centenary of this church was celebrated in 1891
and that of the Sunday School in 1909.

NEW BRUNSWICK

The first pastor (1791) was Abraham John Bishop. Then
some itinerants were visitors for a longer or shorter period, so
that it is difficult to determine who were regularly stationed and
who only temporarily occupied the charge. The English minutes
cannot be depended on, as the stations were made a year before
they became effective and meanwhile, deaths or contingencies
arose which led the District members to make changes as they
were empowered to do. Amongst the visitors were Wm. Black,
Wm. Earley, James Boyd, Wm. Grandine, Duncan McColl, Wm.
Jessop, Daniel Fidler, James Mann, Thomas Oliphant, Wm. Ben^
nett. Perhaps the stationed men began with Joshua Marsden
in 1806, and the dates of some of the following, known to have
been in St. John, are uncertain, but may have come in this order:
Stephen Bamford, J. Knowlan, W. Crosscombe, S. Bamford (2nd
time), J. Priestly, R. Alder, J. Priestly (2nd time), R. Alder
(2nd time), Rd. Williams, J. B. Strong, E. Wood (had three
terms 1829-32; 1836-39; 1842-46), A. DesBrisay, Simon Joll, S.
Busby, W. Smithson, A. McNutt, Rd. Shepherd, W. Temple, G.
Millar, D. Jennings, F. Smallwood, H. Daniel, Rd. Knight, R,
Cooney. This brings us to 1855 when Germain, Centenary and
Exmouth Streets Churches were one circuit with the following
pastors: — 1855, J. G. Hennigar, Wm. T. Cardy, C. Stewart;
1856-57, E. Botterell, T. M. Albrighton, C. Stewart; 1858, E.
Botterell, Wm. Wilson, T. M. Albrighfon; 1859, J. McMurray.
W. Wilson, J. Lathern; 1860, J. McMurray, W. Wilson, J. R.
Narraway; 1861, J. McMurray, M. Richey, J. Lathern; 1862-63,
M. Richey, J. R. Narraway, A. W. Nicolson; 1864, J. S. Addy, J.
R. Narraway, J. Brewster; 1865, J. S. Addy, J. R. Narraway, J.
L. Sponagle; 1866, James England, J. S. Addy, J. L. Sponagle.

In 1867, the circuit was divided and the following were the
succeeding pastors of Germain St. (Queen Square from 1879) : —
1867, Charles Stewart; 1870, Henry Pope, Jnr.; 1873, Howard
Sprague; 1876, John A. Clark; 1877, Benj. Chappell; 1879, John
Read; 1882, Job Shenton; 1885, H. P. Cowperthwaite ; 1888,
Robt. Wilson; 1891, Job Shenton; 1894, Thomas Marshall; 1897,
R. W. Weddall; 1902, Howard Sprague; 1905, Geo. M. Campbell;
1907, H. D. Marr; 1910, W. F. Gaetz; 1914, Hammond Johnson;
1918, George Morris; 1920, Neil McLauchlan; 1925, H. C. Rice.

Centenary — During the popular and fruitful ministry of the
Rev. Enoch Wood, old Germain Street Church, notwithstanding
its length of 80 ft. and gallery on four sides, became too small

146

to accommodate the crowds which thronged its services. Led by
their pastor, a few brave spirits determined on the building of a
second church. Three lots were purchased and a fourth donated
by Mr. John B. Gaynor, at the corner of Wentworth and St.
George Streets, and work began. Smith's History says: "On
Sunday afternoon of July 16th, 1838, Enoch Wood preached
from the floor of the building to about two thousand hearers
a sermon from 1 Cor. 1: 23, 24. A large company, gathered on
the grounds the next day, witnessed the laying of the corner
stone by John Ferguson, Esq., one of the earliest Methodists of
the city, to whom, more than any other layman, the building of
the old church in Germain Street was due."

The new church was completed and dedicated on August
18th, 1839, at a cost, inclusive of land, of £4,174. As this was
the centennial year of Methodism, the new church was given the
name of Centenary. The preachers, at the dedication, were
Revs. Matthew Richey, William Croscombe, and Robert Alder.
"In 1841, the school room and class rooms were finished, and
on the morning of Christmas of that year the new bell, the heav
iest in the city, rang out in its rich, deep tenor its first joyous
peals." In the year 1865, the church was damaged by fire but
the loss was fully covered by insurance. In 1875, extensive re
pairs were made at a cost of $6,789. This church was destroyed
by the terrible fire which swept over the city in June of 1877,
when three Methodist Churches and two parsonages were con
sumed, Centenary in the number. Notwithstanding that 20,000
of the 30,000 people of the city, including nine-tenths of the Cen
tenary congregation, were burnt out of house and home, prompt
and heroic measures were taken to rebuild, the congregation
meanwhile worshipping in the Sunday School room of Exmouth
Street Church. Two new lots were purchased and added to the
former site. On November 17th, 1878, the spacious School Room
was opened for service, the preachers being Rev. Joseph Hart,
President of the Conference, in the morning, Rev. Mr. Mitchell,
of St. Andrews, in the evening, and Rev. John Allison, a former
pastor, in the afternoon. The magnificent stone Church, of Cathe
dral size and appearance, bulit at a cost of $65,000, was fin
ished and dedicated on August 22nd, 1882. It was announced
that the Rev. Dr. George Douglas, D.D., the famous blind
preacher, would be one of the preachers, but he was prevented
coming by illness. The morning preacher was the Rev. Dr. J.
Lathern, the evening service being taken by the Rev. D. D.

NEW BRUNSWICK 147

Currie, who was the pastor. In the afternoon, the speakers were
Revs. Dr. H. Pope Jnr., John Read, Job Shenton, and W. W.
Lodge. A special semi-centennial celebration was held, beginn
ing on the 19th of August, 1889, continuing through the week and
the next Sunday. The preachers, on the first Sunday, were Revs.
William Dobson and Howard Sprague, and, on the second, Bis
hop Newman of the Methodist Episcopal Church of the United
States. At one of the meetings Mr. George A. Henderson gave
an historical address on early Methodism in the city. Mr. Rich
ard W. Thorne, senior trustee and Mr. James Sullivan, senior
member of the quarterly official board, presented a jubilee mem
orial tablet inscribed: "This tablet is erected on the occasion of
the jubilee celebration in grateful recognition of the faithful ser
vices of the pastors who for fifty years have ministered unto this
congregation."

Many important and impressive patriotic and public reli
gious services have been held in this spacious Church, Among
them were the revival services conducted by Crossley and Hun
ter the effects of which were felt through the whole city; the
Centennial celebration of the landing of the Loyalists, and the
midnight services which ushered in the 20th century. During the
pastorate of Rev. G. M. Campbell, a large picture of the church
and its ministers was unveiled and now hangs upon the wall of
the Sunday School hall. The ministers who have served in the
pastorate of the church are as follows: 1839, F. Smallwood; 1841,
S. D. Rice; 1842, Enoch Wood; 1846, Ingham Sutcliffe; 1849,
Robert Cooney; 1852, John Allison; 1853, W. T. Cardy; 1856,
T. M. Albrighton; 1859, William Wilson; 1863, Matthew Richey;
1864, J. R. Narraway; 1866, James England; 1868, John Lath-
ern; 1871, D. D. Currie; 1873, Henry Pope, Jnr.; 1876, Howard
Sprague; 1879, Joseph Hart; 1880, D. D. Currie; 1883, William
Dobson; 1886, W. W. Brewer; 1889, Edwin Evans; 1891, How
ard Sprague; 1895, J. J. Teasdale; 1896, John Read; 1901, G. M.
Campbell; 1905 Howard Sprague; 1908, C. R. Flanders; 1912,
J. L. Dawson; 1913, W. H. Barraclough; 1917, H. A. Goodwin;
1921, Robt. G. Fulton.

On December 5th, 1899, a splendid new organ was dedicated.

Mr. Joseph Allison, of Manchester, Robertson, and Allison,
purchased the fine former residence of Gilbert Murdock, on
Princess St., and presented it, as a parsonage, to the Church.
This was occupied till 1924 when it was sold and another house
secured on Leinster Street.

148 HISTORY OF METHODISM

The following laymen have been prominent in the life of
this church: John Ferguson, John B. Gaynor, William Till,
David Collins, Henry Marshall, Edward Lloyd, Peter Lesner,
Dennis and James Sullivan, John Fraser, Wm. and R. Whiteside,
E. T. Knowles, G. T. Roy, Aaron Eaton, John and Samuel Gard
ner, James Smith, R. W. Thorne, Mark Varley, George King,
Wm. Hamilton, Joseph Prichard, J. J. Munro, Samuel Bayard,
George Whittaker, Jacob Wilson, J. Dougan, G. A. Lockhart,
John Jenkins, Gilbert Bent, J. V. Troop, Wm. Wright, Edwin
Frost, J. McA. Hutchings, J. E. Irvine, Joseph Allison, Judge
Henderson, D. J. McLaughlin and many worthy successors.

Exmouth Street — As early as 1820, the site on which the
church and parsonage stand was secured by trustees for the
Wesleyan Methodist Church, but it was not till August, 1855,
that, under the direction of Rev. Charles Stewart, definite steps
were taken towards the erection of a Church. The corner-stone
was laid on January 12th by Rev. Dr. M. Richey, assisted by
Revs. R'd Knight, John McMurray and Charles Stewart. Dur
ing the building of the church, services were held in many places
in the homes of the people and in Benevolent Hall, on Waterloo
Street, provided by D. J. McLaughlin of Centenary Church.
The Church was finished and dedicated on January 30th, 1857,
Rev. Dr. Richey being the preacher. In 1864, chiefly through
the efforts of Aaron Eaton, the present parsonage was erected at
a cost of $2,558. The church became a separate circuit in 1867
with the Rev. W. H. Heartz as pastor. In 1872, during the pas
torate of Rev. T. J. Deinstadt, extensive alterations were made,
the church being raised and a basement built at a cost of $7,161.
The church escaped the fire of 1877 and for a time the congre
gations of Germain St. and Centenary Churches worshipped
there. During the pastorate of Rev. Hezekiah McKeown, branch
Sunday Schools and preaching services were revived at Drury
Cove, Cold Brook, and Golden Grove, and during the pastorate
of Rev. R. Wilson, in 1887, evangelistic work was undertaken at
Marsh Bridge. A Sunday School was organized there in 1859
and was afterwards held in the gallery of the church, and later
on Brussels Street in a school room built in 1862 for the purpose.
William Warwick was the first superintendent. This church
has given eight men to the Christian ministry — John Ellis, W. C
Matthews, C. H. Manaton, W. J. Buchanan, Wm. Bennett, Wm.
Vaudell, W. B. Tennant, and H. E. Thomas.

NEW BRUNSWICK 149

During the pastorate of Rev. H. E. Thomas extensive im
provements were made, the Mission Hall being joined to the
church and providing a rear entrance.

The following is the list of ministers, the first six having
been associated with other ministers on the St. John South cir
cuit: 1855, Charles Stewart; 1858, Thos. M. Albrighton; 1859,
John Lathern; 1862, A. W. Nicolson; 1864. John Brewster; 1865,
J. L. Sponagle; 1867, W. H. Heartz; 1870, T. J. Deinstadt; 1873,
Edwin Evans; 1876, Joseph Hart; 1879, H. McKeown; 1882,
John Read; 1885, Robert Wilson; 1888, T. J. Deinstadt; 1891,
G. M. Campbell; 1894, Job Shenton; 1899, T. J. Deinstadt; 1903,
W. C. Matthews; 1904, C. W. Hamilton; 1906, S. Howard; 1909,
W. W. Lodge; 1910, W. W. Brewer; 1913, R. S. Crisp; 1914, W.
G. Lane; 1917, G. F. Dawson; 1921, H. E. Thomas; 1924, E. E.
Styles.

Amongst officials and prominent laymen have been the fol
lowing: Chapel Stewards — Henry Graham, James T. Smith, J.
E. White, J. E. Irvine, Geo. K. Cochrane, J. Frederickson, B. R.
Lawrence, Joseph A. Likely, James Myles; Recording Stewards
— Wm. Clawson, J. A. Likely, James T. and W. J. Magee, S. W.
Kain, and the following: David and Dennis Collins, Hamilton
Cochrane, Geo. McKie, Jeremiah Thompson, James Taylor, John
Lawrence and John Hopkins, Andrew Myles, Justice McKeown^
W. M. Kingston, H. P. Sandall.

Portland — In 1824, a number of the members of old Ger
main Street Church met at the home of John Evans, on Paradise
Row, to consider the advisability of erecting a Methodist Church
in that portion of St. John known as Portland and a Committee
was appointed to proceed with the undertaking. A lot was do
nated by Hon. Chas. Symonds, the only stipulation being that a
barrel of pepper-corns should be paid him every year and that
the place should be used for religious purposes only. A neat
church, capable of seating five hundred people, was erected and
was dedicated on June 7th, 1829, the preachers being Revs. Rich
ard Williams, Michael Pickles, and John B. Strong. The church
made rapid progress and had soon to be enlarged. Harmony and
prosperity prevailed until it was decided to install an organ,
when Mr. Owens, who was of Puritan stock, so strongly opposed
the innovation that he withdrew from the church and built Zion
Church with his own means. In 1841 on August 26th, the Port
land Church was destroyed by fire and left a debt of £1,400. On

150 HISTORY OF METHODISM

the following Sunday the congregation worshipped in the open
air with the Rev. W. Allen, the pastor, standing on a rock near
where the parsonage was built. With heroic courage it was de
cided to rebuild and the new church was dedicated on June 5thr
1842, the preachers being Revs. Miller, Hennigar, and Barn-
ford. Prosperity again prevailed and continued until October
20th, 1877, when both church and parsonage were destroyed by
fire. Many other buildings were consumed and the circumstan
ces were especially distressing coming so soon after the desolat
ing fire of June, of the same year, when such a large portion of
the city was destroyed. The Rev. S. T. Teed was the pastor and
he and his stricken people found a sanctuary in Zion Church
through the kindness of Mr. Robert Reed. But the brave peo
ple again said "Let us arise and build," and on the 19th of June,
1878, the corner-stone of another church was laid by Sir Leonard
Tilley. The basement was finished and occupied on Dec. 29th,
1878, the preachers being Rev. Joseph Hart and Rev. Dr. Wat
ers (Presbyterian), a platform service being held in the after
noon addressed by Revs. S. T. Teed, Benjamin Chappell, and
Dr. Pope. The Church was completed, during the pastorate of
Rev. B. Chappell, and was dedicated on October 19th, 1881, the
preachers being Revs. Robert Duncan and Mr. Corey (Baptist) ,
with afternoon addresses by Revs. J. S. Addy, A. T. Teed, Silas-
James and Thomas Marshall.

To Methodism belongs the honor of having built the first
place of worship in Portland. The church has continued to grow
until it occupies a large and influential place in the city. During
H. B. Clarke's pastorate (1922) very extensive improvements
were made at a cost of $13,000, new heating and lighting being
introduced. At the reopening the preachers were Revs. R. G.
Fulton and J. W. McConnell, both of them being natives of St.
John.

Previous to 1838, Portland was worked as part of the SL
John North circuit. Since 1838, the pastoral record has been
as follows: 1838, Enoch Wood; 1841, George Millar; 1842,'Wm,
Temple; 1843, M. Pickles; 1846, F. Smallwood; 1847, A. Mc-
Nutt; 1849, Sampson Busby; 1850, Wm. Smith; 1853, Wm.
Smithson; 1856, John Snowball; 1859, James England; 1861.
John Prince; 1863, Ingham Sutcliffe; 1866, J. R. Narraway;
1869, Matthew Richey; 1870. Howard Sprague; 1873, Robt.
Duncan; 1876, S. T. feed; 1879, B. Chappell; 1882, R. S. Crisp;
1885, Edwin Evans; 1888, F. H. W. Pickles; 1891, Wm. Tippitt;

NEW BRUNSWICK 151

1894, W. Penna; 1897, Geo. Steel; 1902, S. Howard; 1906, Neil
McLauchlan; 1910, H. D. Marr; 1912, Henry Pierce; 1914, M.
E. Conron; 1916, Neil McLauchlan; 1920, H. B. Clarke; 1923,
H. A. Goodwin.

The following laymen have been influentially connected1
with the history of this church: John Owens, James Jordan, John
Edwards, Charles Eages, Gilbert and Thomas Jordan, Mr. Heans
(leader of the choir) , Bartlett Lingley (after whom Lingley Hall
at Mt. Allison was called), Andrew Anderson; Wm. Murray
(class leader) , Andrew Myles, Dr. James Williams, Wm. McKee,
Robert Maxwell, Joseph Lingley, Francis Stubbs (useful local
preacher), Henry Pratt, Moses Tuck (father1 oi Chief Justice
Tuck), Wm. Ruddock, John Bradley, James Harris, and others
whose names are in the Book of Life.

Carleton — In the early days, services were held in a union
meeting house at the head of King Street. In May, 1842, a Sun
day School was organized. In that year, Carleton and Long
Reach appear as a circuit. Previous to that they were appoint
ments of Portland. The first Methodist church was dedicated
in 1881. When the Sunday School was organized there were
eighty-three pupils and in three months they had increased to
one hundred and seventy-three under the leadership of Robert
Salter.

Laymen prominent in the life of the church are: Enoch
Thompson, J. K. Taylor, Capt. Holder, Solomon Long, W. D.
Baskin, H. J. Olive, Charles Brown, Dr. Day, Andrew Buist,
Wm. Johnston, Beverley Belyea, John Lister.

Among the early ministers were Revs. S. D. Rice, Robert
Cooney, and Henry Daniel. Beginning with 1857, they were as
follows: R'd Smith; 1859, E. Botterell; 1860, J. R. Narraway;
1862, H. McKeown; 1865, G. 0. Huestis; 1868, S. F. Huestis;
1870, R. Duncan; 1873, Samuel Sprague; 1876, S. R. Ackman;
1878, R. W. Weddall; 1881, W. W. Lodge; 1884, J. W. Wadman;
1887, Thomas Marshall; 1889, R. S. Crisp; 1892, C. H. Paisley;

1895, F. H. W. Pickles; 1897, Wm. Penna; 1901, Henry Penna;
1904, H. D. Marr; 1907, J. Heaney; 1911, H. E. Thomas; 1915,
E. A. Westmoreland; 1919, J. Heaney; 1922, F. T. Bertram.

Zion — John Owens, the founder of Zion Church, was a weal
thy citizen of Portland and a member of the church there but
left it because of the introduction of instrumental music. Zion

152 HISTORY OF .METHODISM

was dedicated on July 25, 1858, the preacher being the Rev. Dr.
Donald, of St. Andrews church. Trustees were appointed and
empowered to employ ministers from any evangelical denomina
tion. After a checkered career, it was used for some years as an
art gallery until, by legislation, it passed to the Methodist
church. Possession was taken on October 15th, 1893, when a
Sunday School was organized, and public service held by Revs.
G. M. Campbell, J. J. Teasdale, and Robt. Wilson. The Art
collection was deposited at Mount Allison. In rearranging the
building for public worship, Mrs. Thomas Robinson made most
generous contribution. The dedication took place on June 14th,
1896, the preachers being Revs. J. J. Teasdale and Dr. Gates
(Baptist) . In the afternoon addresses were made by Revs. F. A.
Wightman, J. Shenton, T. Marshall, W. Penna, and Robt. Wilson,
the pastor. The ministers, since it was taken over by the Metho
dist church, have been as follows: 1893, R. Wilson; 1905, Thos,
Pierce; 1906, James Crisp; 1909, T. J. Deinstadt; 1910, W. Law-
son; 1914, J. B. Champion; 1916, Thos. Hicks; 1917, F. E. Booth*
royd; 1919, M. E. Conron; 1920, S. Howard; 1921, J. K. King;
1923, G. Orman.

Carmarthen Street — This church is the result of a mission
established in the south end of St. John under the inspiration and
guidance of the Rev. C. Stewart, in which he found willing help
ers from the older churches. This was in 1868-69. The first
service was held in the open from the door step of a saloon with
the consent of the owner. Other services were held in a hall on
Wentworth Street until James Whiteside, of Centenary Church,
donated a large piece of land on which a building was soon
erected. Rev. Wm. Woods, who afterwards went to the United
States, was the first pastor, and the church was largely attended.
Evangelistic services, held by him and by Wm. Maggs and Wm.
Lawson, his successors, were attended with much success. The
Gospel of Jesus Christ has won many notable trophies in this
mission. Miss Crombie, former missionary to Japan, went out
from this church. Through its official board several preachers
entered the ministry and went to the United States. Two of
them were Alan Hudson and Wm. Woods, both men of much
ability. One young man also went out into the Presbyterian
ministry.

The first church was destroyed in the fire of 1877. The
basement of the new church was occupied on October 6th, 1878,

NEW BRUNSWICK 153

the preachers being Revs. Dr. Sprague, J. R. Narraway and W.
J. Kirby, the pastor. The new church was opened on June 13th,
1886, and the formal dedication took place on June 27th, 1886,
A. D. McCully being the pastor. The original trustees were
Edwin Fisher, Aaron Armstrong, Caleb Wetmore, Joshua L.
Turner, J. C. Bowman, Wm. Hawker, G. P. Johnson, and Henry
Rubins. Amongst others who have rendered great support to
this cause were David Smiler, Robert Wills, J. E. Irvine, Henry
Whiteside and Joseph Gaynor. The Superintendents of the Sun-^
day School have been J. E. Irvine, C. H. Hutchins, Robert Wills,
J. W. Cassidy, E. M. Robertson, G. W. Ellison, J. W. Rowley and
G. M. Calhoun.

The list of pastors is as follows: 1869, William Woods;
1871, Wm. Maggs; 1874, Wm. Lawson; 1876, Benjamin Chap-
pell; 1877, W. J. Kirby; 1879, Dr. Henry Pope; 1881, G. B. Pay-
son; 1883, A. D. McCully; 1886, D. D. Moore; 1887, Wm.
Lawson; 1890, George Steel; 1893, F. A. Wightman; 1896, James
Crisp; 1899, G. A. Sellar; 1902, C. W. Hamilton; 1904, Thomas
Marshall; 1907, C. W. Squires; 1910, T. J. Deinstadt; 1914, R. S.
Crisp; 1917, H. Penna; 1920, E. E. Styles; 1924, Alex. D. Mc-
Leod.

Fairville — Methodism in Fairville dates back to 1858 when
the Rev. Richard Smith, of Carleton, held a series of special ser
vices in the community. A society was formed with George A.
Dill as leader. Services were held in houses and in a room over
a barn owned by Robert Fair. Local preachers from the city
held services on Sunday afternoons. The first church was dedi
cated in 1862, and the Methodist church was the first to be
erected in the community. The building subscription was headed
by Mr. Lewin, afterwards Senator, with a generous contribution.
The church and community were named after Robert Fair. In

1892, both church and parsonage were destroyed by fire, during
the pastorate of Rev. D. Chapman. The corner stone of a new
church was laid by Senator Lewin on a new site, on May 16th,

1893. When the building was nearing completion it also was
consumed. Rebuilding was hastened, Senator Lewin contributing
largely. Meanwhile services were held in Orange Hall. The new
church was dedicated on January 13th, 1895, the preachers being
Revs. D. Chapman, Corey (Bpt.) , and Thomas Marshall. Hon.
J. D. Lewin presented the handsome pipe organ at a cost of
$1,500, the first to be installed in the community. In its earlier

154 HISTORY OF METHODISM

history, this circuit included Fairville, Westfield, Grand Bay,
South Bay, Pisarinco, Musquash, Lepreaux and St. George. In
1923 extensive repairs were made to the Fairville church at a
cost of $3,000.

The following ministers have been stationed at Fairville:
1859, R. Wilson; 1862, R. H. Taylor; 1863, J. Shenton; 1866, J.
G. Angwin; 1868, D. Chapman; 1870, H. P. Cowperthwaite ;
1873, J. Prince; 1874, S. T. Teed; 1876, J. S. Phinney; 1879, W.
W. Lodge; 1881, J. Seller; 1884, T. Marshall; 1887, S. H. Rice;
1890, W. W. Lodge; 1892, D. Chapman; 1894, J. C. Berne; 1896,
G. W. Fisher; 1901, J. Shenton; 1902, W. J. Kirby; 1904, G. M.
Young; 1905, T. J. Deinstadt; 1909, G. A. Ross; 1913, G. Earle;
1917, T. Marshall; 1921, J. M. Rice; 1925, J. J. Pinkerton.

From the beginning Fairville has been fortunate in the
possession of earnest Christian men and women as able and will
ing helpers of its pastors. The following is the list of Sunday
School Superintendents: Robert Fair, John Mealey, J. W. Stout
(for about twenty-five years), Robert Irvine, Jeremiah Stout, S.
A. Worrell, Harry Allingham, 0. D. Hanson, David Linton, H.
Marshall Stout, William McCavour.

Hon. J. D. Lewin's name and memory are ineffaceable from
the history of the Fairville church. Jeremiah Stout was influen-
tially associated with the church almost from its organization,
filling many important offices but especially useful as a most
efficient choir leader and musical director in the Sunday School.
Through his splendid leadership the Fairville church became
noted for the excellence of its music. His worthy sons, Stanley
and Marshall, continued the fine service which he began. Mr.
William McCavour has for many years been a cheerful and gen
erous contributor to the success of the church as class-leader,
Sunday School Superintendent, and active Christian worker, nor
has his interest been confined to the local church. The mission
ary cause has always called forth his sympathy and generous
support. Amongst other leaders, not already mentioned, appear
the names of Perry Kelly, Benj. L. Ward, Harry L. C. Sweet,
Samuel and W. J. Linton, Edward Kirkpatrick, S. T. Cougle,
Wm. Bonnell, Walter Cooper, Grey Townsend, and Mesdames
H. M. Stout, S. H. Shaw, J. A. Long, J. Johnston, Wm. McCav
our, S. A. Wornell, David Linton, E. Kirkpatrick, Joshua Chees-
man, Daniel Crosby, Misses Ella Lowry, Muriel Kirkpatrick,
Audrey McColgan.

Leonard J. Wason, a native of Bath, England, united with

NEW BRUNSWICK 155

the Fairville church during the pastorate of S. H. Rice, became" a
local preacher, and entered the ministry of the N. B. and P. E.
I. Conference. A noted revival occurred in this congregation
during the pastorate of S. T. Teed, 1874-76.

Silver Falls — This circuit was first known as St. John
County Mission and included Rothesay, Milledgeville, Crouch-
ville, Red Head, Silver Falls, Golden Grove, Brookville, and
Mispec. After a time it was called the Courtenay Bay circuit. In
1879, D. D. Moore was appointed as the first resident pastor.
Mr. Thomas Stubbs, a devoted local preacher, had held services
in those communities as early as 1871. In 1903, a parsonage was
built at a cost of $2,000. In 1911, the name of the circuit was
changed to Silver Falls. The church at Silver Falls was dedicat
ed on July llth, 1886, when Rev. R. Opie was pastor. The
preachers for the day were Revs. R. Wilson and J. Read. On
January 15th, 1911, under the pastorate of Rev. J. B. Champion,
a church at Brookville, which cost $2,300, to seat 150, was dedi
cated, free from debt, the preachers being Revs. Dr. Flanders,
W. W. Brewer, and Angus A. Graham. A new church was also
dedicated at Little River, during the pastorate of Rev. J. J. Pink-
erton, on July 5th, 1914, the preachers being Revs. H. E. Thomas
and George Steel, afternoon addresses being delivered by Revs.
J. J. Teasdale, W. H. Barraclough, and W. G. Lane.

The pastoral list is as follows: 1879, D. D. Moore; 1881,
J. S. Gregg; 1882, T. Pierce; 1884, R. Opie; 1887, T. L. Williams;
1890, I. N. Parker; 1893, W. H. Bryenton; 1895, W. B. Tennant;
1900, G. Ayers; 1901, H. D. Marr; 1904, J. Heaney; 1907, A. E.
Chapman; 1911, J. J. Pinkerton; 1915, G. N. Somers; 1918, J. B.
Gough; 1921, L. J. Wason; 1924, Hugh Miller.

The trustee board in 1906 consisted of Samuel Creighton,
E. J. Young, LeB. Jordan, C. H. Bustin, R. D. McLean, W. B.
Tennant, Wm. Adams, Henry Anthony, Frederick Blacklock and
E. T. C. Knowles.

Sussex — The Sussex Vale country was visited by Methodist
itinerant preachers as early as 1792, one of the first being Wm.
P. Earley, who met with much persecution, his life being threat
ened on more than one occasion so that he had to hide in barns
and cellars to escape the godly (?) Anglicans who threatened to
kill him for preaching the gospel of salvation. Had he been
Episcopally ordained he might have known nothing about godli-

156 HISTORY OF METHODISM

ness and yet had full liberty to preach, even though he proceeded
to get drunk at the conclusion of the service. The arrogance
and persecuting spirit of Anglicanism, with its attempted sup
pression of the free proclamation of the Gospel in this free coun
try, is little to its credit.

In 1827, several places were grouped together in Sussex Vale
to form a circuit with the Rev. Michael Pickles, a young man
just recently out from England, as its first minister. For some
years the work was carried on in an unfriendly atmosphere, but
gradually better counsels prevailed and, during the year 1845-46,
a gracious revival broke out during the ministry of Rev. William
Allen followed by many additions to the church. There were
now churches at Pleasant Valley, Smith's Creek, and Millstream,
with other preaching appointments at five school-houses and as
many private dwellings. In 1851 and 1854 successful camp-
meetings were held at Sussex and Smith's Creek, the first adding
125 and the second 200 to the membership of the church. In
1846, during the pastorate of William Allen, the parsonage was
built at a cost of £319. The church at Sussex was situated a
mile above the town until the pastorate of Rev. W. W. Brewer,
when it was moved into town and thoroughly renovated, at a cost
of $3,500, the reopening taking place on November 23rd, 1884.
the preachers being Revs. R. Wilson, J. Prince, and Dr. Sprague.
Later, improvements were made in 1905, the reopening taking
place on December 19th, 1905.

This circuit, widely extended, had sometimes more than one
minister. Amongst the assistant ministers were James Burns,
W. Alcorn, James Tweedy, Theophilus Richey, H. P. Cowperth-
waite, A. H. Webb. R. A. Daniel, G. M. Campbell, F. Frizzle, and
J. E. Shanklin. The superintendent ministers were as follows:
1827, M. Pickles; 1829, Wm. Murray; 1831, J. F. Bent; 1832,
Geo. Johnson; 1834, H. Daniel; 1835, M. Pickles; 1836, W. C.
Beals; 1839, S. McMaster; 1841, Peter Sleep; 1842, D. Jennings;
1843-44, Supply; 1845, Wm. Allen; 1849, J. F. Bent; 1853, J.
Prince; 1856, W.Allen; 1895, R'd Smith; 1862, D.D. Currie; 1865,
G. B. Payson; 1868, W. McCarthy; 1870, C. Lockhart; 1872, C.
W. Dutcher; 1875, J. Prince; 1878, J. F. Betts; 1881, H. Mc-
Keown; 1882, W. W. Brewer; 1885, J. C. Berrie; 1888, A. Lucas;
1891, James Crisp; 1894, W. Maggs; 1895, C. W. Hamilton;
1899, G. C. P. Palmer; 1902, J. B. Gough; 1906, J. A. Rogers;
1910, J. L. Dawson; 1913, H. C. Rice; 1917, J. M. Rice; 1921,
Geo. F. Dawson.

iNEW BRUNSWICK 157

Newtown — This was part of the Sussex circuit till 1906 when
it appeared on the station sheet with T. S. Crisp as pastor. Its
supply has been irregular, quite often having a summer supply.
The following is the ministerial supply record: 1906, T. S. Crisp;

1907, Supply; 1908, E. Rowlands; 1909, S. C. Radcliffe; 1910, G.
W. Tilley; 1911, Supply; 1912, W. J. Domville; 1913, J. Whit-
ham; 1914, B. W. Turner; 1916, T. S. Crisp; 1918, G. Elliott;
1919-22, Supply; 1923, R. Vincent; 1924, Supply.

Apohaqui — During changes made in the Sussex Vale circuit
in 1874, Millstream (now Berwick) was made the head of a cir
cuit with the name of Apohaqui. On June 10th, 1883, the church
at Apohaqui was dedicated, the preacher being the Rev. D. D.
Currie. The Rev. Silas James was the pastor. The site was
donated by James A. Sinnott. This church was renovated and
rededicated on April 7th, 1907, during the pastorate of Rev. W.
H. Spargo, the preachers of the day being Revs. Thomas Mar
shall, J. A. Rogers, and T. Marshall. The church at Mt. Hebron,
on this circuit, was dedicated on Thursday, December 22nd, 1887,
during the pastorate of W. J. Kirby, the preachers being Revs.
W. Maggs and J. C. Berrie. The following ministers have served
this circuit: 1874, W. W. Lodge; 1877, W. Tweedy; 1880, Silas
James; 1884, W. Maggs; 1886, W.' J. Kirby; 1889, W. Penna;
1891, G. F. Dawson; 1894, Thomas Pierce; 1898, T. J. Deinstadt;
1899, C. W. Hamilton; 1902, D. B. Bayley; 1906, W. H. Spargo;

1908, A. C. Bell; 1910, J. F. Rowley; 1915, L. H. Jewett; 1918,
L. J. Leard; 1922, B. W. Turner; 1925, H. Harrison.

The appointments on this circuit, besides those already men
tioned, are Snider Mountain and Carsonville. Rev. J. Spicer
Gregg, of the N. B. and P. E. I. Conference, was born at Mount
Hebron.

Springfield — Belleisle Corner, on this circuit, was first visited
by the Rev. Robert Wilson, in 1862, while on the Kingston cir
cuit. This community, which had been served for some time
from Sussex and Springfield, became a circuit in 1887. The
church at White's Corner was dedicated on Thursday, July 14th.
1887, the Rev. Robert Wilson, President of the Conference,
preaching in the morning and delivering a lecture in the evening
on "Typical Irishmen." On the following Sunday, the preachers
were Revs. J. C. Berrie, Wm. Maggs and W. J. Kirby, who was
the superintendent of the young man on the circuit. The church

158 HISTORY OF METHODISM

at Irish Settlement was dedicated on Thursday, February 2nd,
1888, the preachers being Revs. W. Maggs and J. C. Berrie, Mr.
Berrie also lecturing in the evening. The church at Belleisle
Creek was opened on January 17th but not dedicated on that
Sunday because of the storm. The preachers were Revs. C.
Comben and D. B. Bailey, with an impressive evangelistic service
in the evening.

The pastors have been as follows: 1887, Thos. R. Wright;
1888, R. J. Houghton; 1889, W. C. Matthews; 1890, J. B. Young;
1891, Supply; 1893, J. B. Howard; 1894, L. J. Leard; 1895, D. B.
Bayley; 1898, F. H. W. Pickles; 1900, R. W. Clements; 1903,
H. Penna; 1908, Fred Crisp; 1909, James Crisp; 1910, H. S.
Young; 1914, E. Ramsay; 1918, J. E. Shanklin; 1923, F. W.
Sawdon.

Hampton — The beginnings of Methodism at Hampton Sta
tion date to 1871 when it was visited by the Rev. J. B. Hemmeon.
then stationed at Upham. For some years previously services
had been held in the village, the courtesy of the Baptist people
permitting the use of their church. Services were held at the
Station in the old Athenaeum and later in Barnes' Hall. Hamp
ton became the head of a separate circuit in 1874. This pleasant
shiretown has attracted a number of supernumerary ministers to
dwell within its borders, at different times, amongst them being
Revs. Dr. Edwin Evans, S. W. Sprague, Wm. Tweedy, and J. A.
Duke. In 1880, steps were taken to build a church which was
dedicated by the Revs. D. D. Currie and Wm. Dobson.

The following is the list of ministers: 1874. S. R. Ackman;
1875, S. W. Sprague; 1876, Thos. Allen; from 1877 to 1882 con
nected with Upham with Thomas Allen and Chas. Comben as
pastors; 1882, D. D. Moore; 1885, S. Howard; 1886, Wm. Tip-
pett; 1888, Edwin Evans; 1889, C. H. Paisley; 1892, S. Howard;
1895, G. M. Young; 1897, Thos. Stebbings; 1900, W. W. Lodge;
1903, R. G. Fulton; 1906, G. A. Ross; 1909, H. C. Rice; 1913, E.
H. Creed; 1915, R. F. Rowley; 1918, G. S. Helps; 1921, G. A.
Ross. On October 31st, 1899, during the pastorate of Rev. Thom
as Stebbings, the parsonage was destroyed by fire having caught
from a neighboring barn.

When this field was organized as a separate circuit it had
Rothesay, Nauwigewauk, Hampton and Passakeag as its ap
pointments, Bloomfield appearing later. Amongst the names of
persons prominent in the establishment of Methodism in this

NEW BRUNSWICK 159

community appear those of Barnes, Fowler, Horton, Frost, Flew-
welling, March, Humphrey, Bent, Hayward, and Whitaker. Mrs.
Catherine Travis is also mentioned for her marked devotion to
the work.

Upham (St. Martins) — This circuit title first appears in
1855. Societies had been formed in this region as early as 1825
by an English local preacher named William Tweedale who "kept
his zeal in lively exercise." This circuit was identified with
Hampton and St. Martins and in 1902 was merged into the St.
Martins circuit. The ministers have been as follows: 1855, G.
B. Payson; 1856, W. Allen; 1858, J. Holland; 1860, J. J. Colter;
1861, J. R. Hart; 1864, W. C. Brown; 1867, D. Chapman; 1868.
G. Harrison; 1871, J. B. Hemmeon; 1873, S. R. Ackman; 1874,
Supply; 1877, Thos. Allen; 1879, C. Comben; 1882, J. Crisp;
1884, J. A. Duke; 1886, H. J. Clarke; 1892, M. R. Knight; 1895,
W. Wass; 1896, W. J. Buchanan; 1897, L. J. Wason; 1899, Sup
ply; 1900, W. R. Pepper, Jnr.; 1901, R. G. Fulton; 1903, Supply
under Hampton minister; 1908, (St. Martins), W. B. Leard;
1910, Supply; 1911, G. W. Tilley; 1913, J. E. Shanklin; 1914, E.
E. Fytche; 1915, T. S. Crisp; 1916, M. S. Linton; 1917-21, Sup
ply; 1922, G. Stevens; 1923, Supply; 1924, D. L. Giddings; 1925,
Supply.

Westfield— On July 20th, 1915, the Revs. W.H. Barraclough,
Chairman of District, and G. Steel, Superintendent of Missions,
attended a meeting at Brown's Flat for the purpose of organizing
the new Westfield circuit, with Westfield, Jones Creek, Brown's
Flat and Oak Point as the appointments, the circuit to raise $900
for salary and $100 for horse keep. A trustee board was formed
and instructed to secure a parsonage at Westfield. Jones Creek is
old Methodist ground a church having been built there about
1840 by Rev. D. D. Currie. Many of the people went to Maine
and the cause became very small, but in recent years, under the
inspiring influences of a young woman, Miss Amanda Bacon, the
Sunday School was reorganized and the cause generally revived.
The first pastor under the new organization, in 1915, was F. T.
Bertram, followed, in 1917, by Robert Smart, who has continued
beyond the regular term because of the special circumstances
arising from the destruction of the church and parsonage by fire,
in 1922, and the work of rebuilding still being continued.

On August 6, 1922, forest fires destroyed the church, the par-

160 HISTORY OF METHODISM

sonage, and more than thirty other houses. The new parsonage
was built in the summer of 1922, the new Sunday School portion
of the church was opened on December 10th, 1922, and the
church proper is being finished, by the heroic endeavors of the
people, and the generosity of the other circuits of the conference.
Westfield is a popular summer residence for St. John people and
there are many transients in the congregation.

Long Reach — The first Methodist circuit in this region was
called Greenwich of which Jerusalem and Kingston were appoint
ments. In 1862, the circuit was divided, one portion being called
Kingston, to which Robert Wilson was appointed as the first pas
tor. It had no parsonage, nor other suitable house available, and
the preacher and his family of five had to spend the first year in
a little house of one large room and a closet. The people had
not expected a married man and were not prepared to receive
him, but better days soon came. Revival work was engaged in
with gratifying results and many devoted people rallied to the
support of the minister. Concerning those days, Dr. Wilson
wrote: "One of the memories of that time of awakening was
that of seven brothers — Holders — sitting side by side singing
"My God is Reconciled," some of them singing it for the first
time as an experience, the others uniting with the newly convert
ed in their song of thanksgiving." Mr. Wilson Was followed by
Leonard Gaetz and he by John J. Colter, both of whom rejoiced
in many ingatherings to the church. Mrs. Colter, writing from
Boston early in 1925, then 81 years of age and still engaged in
Christian work, tells of special services at Land's End, on this
circuit, in 1865, and the formation of a class with twenty-three
members; of a revival at Sea Dog Cove (now Summerville)
reached by a twelve mile drive through the woods. Here a clas*
was formed and a neat church built. Revivals occurred at all
the appointments but one. There have been seasons of refresh
ing since then justifying the faith which led to the establishment
of this circuit. In 1917, the name was changed from Richmond
to Long Reach.

The appointments are as follows: Long Reach, Summer
ville (Sea Dog Cove), Bayswater (formerly Milkish), Holder-
ville, Gray's Mills (or Elmsdale) , Carter's Point, Walton's Lake,
and Reed's Point. Land's End, at the lower end of the peninsula
was, as we have seen, an early appointment. Moss Glen, once a
ship-building place, was also a preaching place until building

NEW BRUNSWICK 161

ceased and the people moved away. Largely through the influ
ence of Cunningham Brien a church was built there. Daniel
Dobson, a brother of the late Rev. Dr. Dobson, was also con
nected with it. Centreville was another appointment given up
because of decline in population. William Parrette, a talented
local preacher, who had charge of a church in the city of St.
John in the early part of the last century, was one of the founders
of the church at Long Reach. Other names of prominence in
the history of this circuit are Holder, White, Kingston, Wight-
man, Davie, Barlow, Kirk and Linton.

From this circuit, F. A. Wightman, of the N. B. and P. E. I.
Conference, and Kenneth Kingston, of the U. S. A., entered the
ministry. In the pulpit of the Long Reach church is a bible from
which every minister who has occupied it has proclaimed the
Gospel. It bears the inscription "Wesleyan Chapel, Kingston
Circuit, Long Reach, D. D. Currie, 1856", reminding those who
read it of one who, whatever eclipse may have come to his sun.
was honored in his early ministry by such success in winning
many into the Kingdom as has been vouchsafed to very few of
his successors.

The following is the list of pastors: 1862, Robt. Wilson;
1863, Leonard Gaetz; 1865, John J. Colter; 1868, E. Slackford:
1871, A. Fletcher Weldon; 1872, C. W. Dockrill; 1873, I. N.
Parker; 1874, W. Maggs; 1877, G. B. Payson; 1880, James A.
Duke; 1883, W. E. Johnson; 1886, Wm. R. Pepper; 1889, Henry
J. Clarke; 1892, John Dunlop; 1893, Josiah B. Champion; 1895,
Robt. G. Fulton; 1897, Albert E. Parkins; 1898, Supply; 1899,
Levi J. Leard; 1902, Henry Pierce; 1906, H. S. Young; 1910, J.
F. Estey; 1914, J. E. Shanklin; 1918, E. Ramsay; 1922, Harry
Harrison; 1925, 0. H. Peters.

W els ford — This circuit grew out of adjustments on the Jeru
salem and Fairville circuits. By this arrangement Welsford,
Coote Hill, Armstrong's Corner, Patterson, Juvenile, and Claren
don were detached from the former, and Westfield from the lat
ter and the circuit was given the name of Welsford. Thus this
circuit touched the four counties — Charlotte, Queens, Sunbury
and Kings. Since Westfield was detached, in 1915, it touches
three. The first church on this circuit was at Coote Hill and was
dedicated on August 1st, 1845, by Rev. F. Smallwood. People
are still alive who remember a notable debate which took place
in this old church on "Predestination" during the pastorate of

162

James Burns (1857-60) between him and Rev. Mr. Sterling, Pres
byterian. A new church was opened at Coote Hill on June 8th,
1884, during the pastorate of E. Slackford, the preachers of the
day being Revs. Job Shenton and A. E. LePage. The church at
Welsford was dedicated on June 5th, 1887, by the Rev. Robt.
Wilson, during the pastorate of W. H. Spargo. The parsonage
was built in 1877.

A new church was begun at Westfield in 1861, a former
building having a somewhat lengthened history. The church at
Juvenile was built in 1891. The renovated church at Patterson
Settlement was reopened on September 4th, 1921, during the pas
torate of E. Rowlands, with Revs. A. D. McLeod and A. E.
Chapman as the preachers. The bell was presented by Alfred
Kirkpatrick.

The following ministers have been stationed on this circuit:
1873, C. W. Dockrill; 1875, Levi S. Johnson; 1878, A. E. LePage;
1881, J. T. Baxendale; 1883, E. Slackford; 1886, W. H. Spargo;
1889, J. S. Estey; 1892, W. Wass; 1895, A. D. McCully; 1900,
H. Penna; 1901, A. C. Bell; 1904, J. J. Pinkerton; 1908, Supply;
1909, J. K. King; 1912, J. S. Gregg; 1916, A. E. Chapman; 1920,
E. Rowlands; 1924, L. J. Wason.

Jerusalem — For many years, before a minister was stationed
there, this region of country was cared for by the preachers from
St. John and Portland. After Carleton was set off by itself the
Long Reach, as also the territory was called, was attached there
to. Previous to 1839, Win. Parrette, a devoted local preacher, of
St. John, had held services at various points on the St. John
River. Among his hearers was an Irishman named Wm. Porter,
who was so interested that he applied to Rev. Enoch Wood,
Chairman of the District, for ministerial supply. He sent the
Rev. Arthur McNutt to look over the ground and his report was
favorable. In August of 1839, a company of the ministers, en
route to Fredericton to attend the Centennial of Methodism,
held an improvised District Meeting in the cabin of the steamer
and discussed the situation, with the result that the Rev. David
Jennings was assigned to that region in September, 1839. For
the first year he travelled far and wide on foot and in the second
year on horseback. He was followed by William Allen, under
whom the first church at Jerusalem was built, in 1841, being
dedicated by Revs. Enoch Wood and Wm. Allen. Allen was fol
lowed by Christopher Lockhart, Frederick Smallwood, James

'NEW BRUNSWICK 183

Taylor, Wm. Tweedy, and Duncan D. Currie. Their labors were
very successful and extensive revivals occurred especially under
Messrs. Allen, Lockhart and Currie. Special mention is made of
a remarkable work of grace in the first year of the latter's pas
torate as out of that grew the old Greenwich circuit which includ
ed Welsford, Kingston, Jerusalem and other appointments, the
circuit taking in points in Kings, Queens, and Sunbury counties.

Immediately after the building of the Jerusalem church,
steps were taken to erect chapels at Jones' Creek and at J. Me-
Keel's. Mr. McKeel undertook to build the latter at his own
expense but it was never finished, nor deeded to the Methodist
Connexion, but was diverted to some other purpose by his son
who was an Episcopalian.

The ministers, since 1855, have been as follows: D. D,
Currie; 1857, James Burns; 1860, S. T. Teed; 1863, D. B. Scott;
1866, Jos. Sutcliffe; 1867, J. S. Allen; 1870, 1. N. Parker. In 1872,
Jerusalem became the name of the circuit with Mr. Parker as
minister; 1873, Thos. Allen; 1876, G. B. Payson; 1877, E. Bell;
1879, A. R. B. Shrewsbury; 1881, R. Opie; 1884, R. M. Tredrea;
1887, A. Lucas; 1888, H. Gilbert; 1891, F. Frizzle; 1894, L. R.
MacDonald; 1895, R. J. Campbell; 1897, J. S. Gregg; 1898, J. B.
Gough; 1902, W. E. Johnson; 1906, L. J. Leard; 1910, G. Earle;
1913, L. J. Wason; 1917, M. S. Linton; 1918, A. Whiteside; 1920.
W. R. Pepper; 1923, J. E. Shanklin.

A new church at Greenwich was dedicated on July 4th, 1878.
E. Bell, pastor, free from debt, and a balance on hand to pay
for an organ. A new church was dedicated at Coote Hill on
June 8th, 1884, J. M. Tredrea, pastor, and Job Shenton and A^
LePage as the dedication preachers. A new church at Summer
Hill was dedicated on July 3rd, 1887, A. Lucas, pastor, and S. T.
Teed and F. M. Tredrea as the preachers, and a new church was
dedicated at Jerusalem, on December 22nd, 1895, R. J. Camp
bell, pastor, under the superintendence of A. D. McCully, with
J. J. Teasdale as the special preacher. The territory which up
to 1873 was worked by one man is now covered by three or four.

A new church was dedicated at Olinville, on December 8th,
1883, R. Opie, pastor, and Rev. J. Pvead the dedication preacher,
an impressive love feast being held in the afternoon.

FREDERICTON DISTRICT

Fredericton — The history of the establishment and develop-

164 HISTORY OF METHODISM

ment of Methodism in the capital city of New Brunswick is very
interesting. It was introduced in 1791 by the Rev. Abraham
John Bishop, who was also the founder of Methodism in St. John.
Bishop's stay was short. He was followed by Rev. William
Grandin, who was persecuted and prosecuted by the Anglican
clergyman, as was Wm. Earley, at Sussex, who was compelled
to ride seven miles on horseback with his back towards the head
of the horse. In all these provinces and in Newfoundland, and
Bermuda, the Anglican church, with Pharisaic arrogance, sought
to force itself upon them as an established church and persecuted,
even to violence, fine, and imprisonment, Methodist ministers,
for the crime of preaching Christ and His great salvation, even
when it too often failed to do it itself. Fortunately, after sharp
conflict, this determined effort to foist old world bondage upon
this new country failed though only after a sulky surrender.
Much credit for this liberty in New Brunswick must be given
to that sturdy old Scotch soldier and preacher, Duncan McColl.
who assailed the citadel of exclusiveness at Fredericton and kept
his batteries in action until it surrendered.

Duncan Blair and his wife, with a few Christian soldiers,
formed the nucleus of the first Methodist society in the city.
The land on which the first Methodist church in Fredericton was
built was donated by Duncan Blair and Mary, his wife, and the
deed was dated May 16th, 1810, at which time the church had
been completed. Fredericton first appears in the English minutes
of Conference, as a circuit, in 1794, with William Grandin as the
preacher. A local history says: "After the removal of Mr. Gran
din, there was no resident Methodist minister in Fredericton until
1816, except Joseph Alexander, who resided there a short time in
1810, and Richard Armstrong, who resided there one year, from
1813 to 1814. During the twenty-two years ending in 1817,
Fredericton was visited by several ministers, namely: James
Mann, John Mann, Joshua Marsden, James Knowlan, William
Croscombe, and others." Beginning with 1815, the following is
the long succession of ministers, many of whom were mighty men
of God: 1815, Thos. D. Stokoe; 1817, Wm. Burt; 1819, Thos.
Payne; 1820, Adam Clarke Avard; 1821, Wm. Temple; 1822,
John Marshall; 1826, Geo. Jackson; 1827, J. B. Strong; 1829,
Wm. Smithson; 1830, Sampson Busby and A. McNutt; 1833,
Enoch Wood (assisted by W. Bannister in 1834 and Geo. Jackson
in 1835) ; 1836, H. Daniel (assisted in 1836 by Geo. Millar and
in 1837 by F. Smallwood) ; 1839, R'd Shepherd; 1840, S. Busby

NEW BRUNSWICK 165

(assisted in 1840 by Wm. Leggett and in 1841 by S. McMasters) ;
1843, R'd Williams and W. Allen; 1844, Ingham Sutcliffe; 1846,
Enoch Wood (assisted in 1846 by H. Pope, Jnr.) ; 1848, Wm.
Temple; 1851, Henry Daniel; 1852, Chas. Churchill; 1856, John
Brewster (assisted in 1856 by J. Lathern and in 1857-58 by Geo.
Butcher) ; 1859, Thos. M. Albrighton and F. H. W. Pickles; 1860,
Chas. Stewart and J. S. Coffin; 1861, James England; 1863, G. 0.
Huestis; 1865, John Lathern; 1868, D. D. Currie; 1871, Leonard
Gaetz (assisted by C. M. Tyler in 1872) ; 1874, Hezekiah Mc-
Keown; 1877, W. W. Brewer; 1879, Edwin Evans (assisted by J.
W. Wadman in 1881) ; 1882, Howard Sprague (assisted by J. W.
Wadman in 1882 and W. Tippett in 1883) ; 1884, W. Tippett
(assisted by S. Howard in 1884) ; 1886, Wm. Dobson (assisted
by W. A. Taylor in 1886) ; 1889, Job Shenton; 1891, R. W. Wed-
dall; 1895, Ralph Brecken; 1896, J. J. Teasdale; 1899, G. M.
Campbell; 1901, Douglas Chapman; 1902, J. A. Rogers; 1906, J.
W. McConnell; 1910, N. McLauchlan; 1914, Thos. Marshall;
1917, Geo. M. Young; 1922, F. H. Holmes.

From the beginning, Fredericton Methodism has been bless
ed with talented and devoted Christian laymen who have ably
assisted the ministers in their work. By their free use as local
preachers those parts of the country now included in the Marys-
ville, Gibson (South Devon) , Kingsclear and Lincoln, Nashwaak,
Stanley, Keswick, and Gagetown circuits were visited and the
good seed sown. From the ranks of these local preachers came
such men into the ministry as T. Berton Smith, Humphrey Pick-
ard, S. D. Rice, and others. Alexander McCausland was an able
preacher and continued in the local ministry for thirty years with
great acceptance. A Sunday School was begun in 1816 with sum
mer sessions till 1821 when it became an all the year institution
through the devoted efforts of Miss Catherine Dayton, a day
school teacher. Joseph Gaynor was the first superintendent
followed by Robert Chestnut, John Humphreys, James Johnson,
L. A. Wilmot, J. Humphreys (2nd term), George Thompson, S.
D .McPherson, Hon. L. A. Wilmot (2nd term) , S. D. McPherson
(2nd term) , Martin Lemont, Dr. J. R. Inch, W. J. Osborne.

Mrs. William Lemont was superintendent of the Primary
department for more than thirty years. John J. Weddall held
the office of recording steward for many years. The Hon. L. A.
Wilmot, one of the ablest and most noted laymen of the Metho
dist church, in Canada, gave this church the benefits of his elo
quence, commanding influence, and devoted Christian life with-

166 HISTORY OF METHODISM

out stint, on the official boards, choir, and Sunday School of
which he was the superintendent for twenty-five years. Samuel
Duncan MacPherson was superintendent and associate for thir
ty-three years, and George A. Perley secretary of the Sabbath
School for thirty-five years. A splendid succession of devoted
laymen continues till the present day. Special mention is given,
in local history, to a great revival in 1853, during the pastorate
of Charles Churchill, and to the work of grace in connection with
the visit of Crossley and Hunter in 1895, in the pastorate of
Ralph Brecken, the revival flame continuing to burn brightly
through the pastorate of J. J. Teasdale.

The first church having become too small, the second church,
on the present site, was dedicated in January, 1832, by Revs.
Arthur McNutt and Sampson Busby, the pastor. This church
became too small, and in 1839 it was enlarged, and reopened OD
the first Sunday in January, 1840, the preachers being Revs. S.
Busby, J. B. Strong, and Frederick Smallwood. "A peculiar con
secration was given to the place by the presence at the evening
service of men and women pleading for forgiveness of sins, and
by the gathering of nearly three hundred others to receive th«
emblems of Christ's love."

On September llth, 1850, both church and parsonage were
destroyed by fire, but nothing daunted the congregation bravely
faced the situation, and in December, 1852, the large new and
beautiful sanctuary was dedicated the preachers being Rev.
Richard Knight and C. Churchill, the pastor. It was shortly
after the completion of this work of self-denial that the great
work of grace referred to began, when hundreds were converted
and the whole town and surrounding country profoundly stirred.

Thus the mourning of the congregation was turned into great
rejoicing. During the history of this fine church, it has been,
by generous expenditure of money, kept in good repair, main
taining its attractiveness as a place of worship though surrounded
by more modern structures of brick and stone.

Marysville — The Nashwaak country was visited early by
ministers and local preachers from Kingsclear and Fredericton.
Rev. A. D. Morton was appointed, in 1868, as the first resident
'minister at Marysville. It was made the head of a separate
circuit in 1872 with Rev. Robt. Wilson as pastor. Services were
held in the school house until Alexander Gibson, head of great
lumber operations, built and furnished a magnificent church, at

NEW BRUNSWICK 167

a cost of about $65,000, which was dedicated on January 5th,
1873, the preachers being Revs. D. D. Currie, H. McKeown, and
Leonard Gaetz. Mr. Gibson paid the entire upkeep, including
all salaries, and no offerings were taken except for connexional
funds. He also built and furnished the parsonage. The church
was considered one of the most elaborate buildings of its size in
Canada. On January 29th, 1911, after the Sunday morning ser
vice, this beautiful edifice was destroyed by fire. It was a noted
coincidence that it was consumed on the 38th anniversary of its
dedication. The insurance amounted to $10,000. The corner
stone of a new, but modest, church was laid on September 6th,
1913, by the Rev. G. F. Dawson, President of the Conference,
during the pastorate of Thos. Hicks, and the dedication took
place on January 3rd, 1914.

The following ministers have been stationed at Marysville:
1868, A. D. Morton; 1870, Joseph Seller; 1871, S. C. Fulton,
1872, R. Wilson; 1875, E. Jenkins (he resided at Gibson) ; 1876,
R. Duncan; 1879, W. W. Brewer; 1882, Edwin Evans; 1885, J.
Read; 1888, H. Sprague; 1890, D. Chapman; 1892, W. W. Lodge;
1897, W. W. Brewer; 1900, W. Lawson; 1901, R. S. Crisp; 1905,
W. B. Thomas; 1907, J. C. Berrie; 1912, T. Hicks; 1916, W. Har
rison; 1919, J. J. Pinkerton; 1925, J. M. Rice.

Gibson — Methodism on this circuit is the outgrowth of the
zeal of its ministers and devoted local preachers in Fredericton
who visited all the neighboring communities on both sides of the
river. The work on the other side of the river, however, was not
organized until after the development of the town of Marysville,
through the enterprise of the late Alexander Gibson. Following
this, in 1873, the growing village of Gibson, as well as Lower
St. Mary's and Douglas, became regular appointments of the
Marysville circuit. Services were held at Robinson (Lower St.
Mary's), in the house of John Gill, until 1875 when a small
church was built there, the corner-stone being laid by Mrs. Gib
son, mother of Alexander Gibson. The dedication took place in
December, Rev. H. McKeown being the preacher, assisted by
Revs. E. Jenkins and T. Stebbings. In 1875, Robert Wilson waff
appointed the first settled pastor but, by local arrangement, he
remained at Marysville for another year, and Edward Jenkins,
who was appointed to Marysville, resided at Gibson, Mr. Wilson
coming to residence in Gibson in 1876.

As the Gibson centre grew some distance from Robinson.

168 HISTORY OF METHODISM

the village services were held for some years in a room over the
railroad depot and later in Phair's Hall. In 1879, steps were
taken to build a church. The lot was donated by Robert and
Joseph Macklin. Alexander Gibson, of Marysville, supplied the
lumber, and, after the people had raised a few hundred dollars,
he paid the rest of the bills and the church, which cost $3,500.
was opened free from debt. The dedication took place on July
17th, 1881, during the pastorate of J. S. Allen, the preachers be
ing Revs. D. D. Currie, E. Evans, and J. S. Allen.

It may be noted that when this church was built there was
no bridge uniting both sides of the river at this point. Moreover,
nt that time, there was no other church established on the east
side in this community, so that the Methodist Church held a sort
of community status and a constituency much larger than it
could claim in later years when other churches were built and the
high-way bridge gave free and easy access to the Fredericton
Churches for those living at St. Mary's. This cutting up of the
community, together with a disastrous fire, in 1893, which des
troyed every house but one in the town, greatly crippled the
church for a time but it gradually recovered and is now in a
flourishing condition. It is worthy of note that the Gibson
-Ghurch has been twice saved from destruction by fire as by a
miracle. At the time of the great fire which destroyed the vil
lage in 1893 this Church and the house next to it were the only
buildings saved. Then, in 1924, a fire started in the small ves
try at the rear, probably from a spark falling from an over-heat
ed pipe and igniting a book lying on the pew beneath. The pew
was almost completely burned into two pieces, and then the fire.
of itself, died out as mysteriously as it had begun. This double
deliverance from destruction is difficult to explain on the mere
caprice of chance.

The first parsonage, a free loan from Mr. Gibson, was ac-
.quired during the pastorate of J. S. Allen (1880-82), but as it
was a mile away from the church a commodious new one was
built, across the street from the church, at a cost of $1700, during
the pastorate of James Crisp, and was occupied in August, 1905,
the old property reverting to the Gibson estate.

The construction of a basement under the whole church, and
extensive repairs of the building, at Gibson, begun during the
pastorate of A. D. McLeod, was completed during the term of H.
E. Thomas, the reopening taking place in November, 1920, the
preachers being Revs. G. M. Young and H. E. Thomas. Further

NEW BRUNSWICK 169

reconstruction and renovation took place under the ministry of
F. A. Wightman, making the church very attractive, the
preacher of the day being D. W. Johnson, ex-editor of The Wes-
leyan, assisted by Revs. R. W. Weddall, T. Marshall, A. D.
McLeod, and the pastor.

A Church was built at Lower St. Mary's and dedicated on
Dec. 28th, 1876, the preachers being Revs. H. McKeown and R.
Wilson, the pastor. The people of this community depended for
employment upon the lumber business carried on there, and when
the mill ceased to operate the place was practically abandoned
and church services were discontinued. After some years of
disuse the building was sold and the proceeds devoted to the pay
ment of the parsonage debt.

The first Church at Kingsley was built on the Royal Road,
near the Estey Bridge, about 1835, and, until the organization of
the Gibson circuit, was supplied from Fredericton. A new church
was erected and dedicated, on another site, on Nov. 14th, 1897,
during the pastorate of E. C. Turner, the preachers being Revs.
J. J. Teasdale, W. W. Brewer, and E. C. Turner.

The church at Nashwaaksis (formerly called Douglas) was
erected about 1870. The cause there grew out of services held
in early days by class leaders and local preachers from Frederic-
ton. For some years in the forties, Fredericton had two men, and
the assistant resided at Douglas and visited other communities
on the east side of the river. This Church continues to the pres
ent, and having been recently completed renovated, its fine pro
portions and chaste appearance attract admiration. It is the
home of a devout and generous people.

The appointments on this circuit are Gibson (South Devon) ,
Nashwaaksis, Kingsley, and Kingsclear. At the reopening of the
Gibson Church, in Oct., 1924, it was announced that it would
henceforth be known as the Gibson memorial Church, in honor
of Alexander Gibson who made its erection possible.

The following is the list of ministers: 1875, E. Jenkins; 1876,
R. Wilson; 1877, G. W. Fisher; 1879, M. R. Knight; 1880, J. S.
Allen; 1882, W. W. Brewer; 1883, J. A. Clark; 1884, J. Seller;
1887, H. Sprague; 1888, C. H. Paisley; 1889, J. S. Phinney (Mr.
Phinney died in July, 1891, and J. W. McConnell supplied for a
year); 1892, Isaac Howie; 1895, J. Seller; 1897, E. C. Turner:
1902, J. Crisp; 1906, J. C. Berrie; 1908, Thos. Stebbings; 1912,
C. Flemington; 1916, A. D. McLeod; 1920, H. E. Thomas; 1921,
F. A. Wightman; 1925, J. B. Gough.

170 HISTORY OF METHODISM

A number of worthy Christian workers have gone out from
this circuit. Among them was the late Dr. Barker (Medical),
who felt called to the ministry and entered the East Maine Con
ference, where he labored with much acceptance. One of his-
sons, who was born here, also entered the ministry. Rev. Ovid
H. Peters, of the N. B. and P. E. I. Conference was born here and
grew up in the Gibson congregation. His sister, Miss Eunice L.
Peters, is one of our missionaries in China. Margaret Gill Cur-
rie, formerly Margaret Gill, the New Brunswick poetess, and the
whole Gill family were prominent members of the Gibson circuit.

Kingsclear — The early settlers of this community were
mostly Anglicans and Baptists, but there were some estimable
people who could not see their way clear to join either commun
ion, so that, when a Methodist minister appeared among them
he was given a ready hearing. It came about in this way. In
1832, a young Mr. Kilborn, in visiting relatives in St. John, was
led to attend the preaching of Rev. Enoch Wood, the first
Methodist preacher he had ever heard, and he was so impressed
both with the personality of the preacher and his message that
he interviewed Mr. Wood and urged him to visit Kingsclear. It
so happened that, on the following year — 1833 — Mr. Wood was
removed to Fredericton and the young man renewed his invita
tion with the result that Mr. Wood made an early visit to Kings-
clear and afterwards held a series of special services in which
many were converted to God, resulting in the forming of a group,
of appointments, in 1834, including Kingsclear and neighboring
communities, which were, for many years, supplied by the assis
tant ministers of the Fredericton circuit and by able local
preachers from that city. It appears first as a separate circuit
in 1861, with Edwin Evans as its pastor. The Church at Kings-
clear was built about 1834. Churches were also erected at Lake
George and Long's Creek, Lincoln and Douglas were also for a
season connected with Kingsclear.

For a time the circuit flourished. In November, 1880, a
handsome church was dedicated at Lincoln, during the pastorate
of H. J. Clarke, the preachers being Revs. E. Evans (President) r
D. D. Currie, and W. W. Brewer.

As time passed, this circuit suffered much from deaths and
removals. The Lake George congregation was largely depleted
by the closing of the antimony mines, and the few remaining
Methodists went in with the Presbyterians, and sold their own

NEW BRUN1SWKJK 171

building. The Church at Long's Creek also suffered through de
clining population and when the Valley Railway was built the
church, being on the right-of-way, was expropriated and never
rebuilt. The parsonage at Kingsclear was destroyed by fire on
Dec. 24th, 1897, during the pastorate of H. D. Marr. The circuit
continued for a few years longer, and its appointments were fill
ed by Supplies from 1901 to 1910, when the name disappears as
the head of a circuit. At that time a rearrangement of the work
was made on the Gagetown, Welsford, Jerusalem and Gibson
circuits, Kingsclear and Lincoln being attached to Gibson. Lin
coln was later joined to Oromocto.

A few years ago, the old Kingsclear Church was moved from
the original site to a location some three miles nearer to Frederic-
ton and thoroughly rebuilt. It continues to be the centre of a
very good congregation.

The following have been the pastors of the Kingsclear cir
cuit since its separation from Fredericton: — 1861, Edwin Evans;
1863, C. B. Pitblado; 1864, W. H. Heartz; 1865, J. A. Clarke;
1868, Supply; 1869, R. O'B. Johnson; 1871, R. H. Taylor; 1873,
R. W. Weddall; 1875, Supply; 1876, G. M. Campbell; 1878, C.
H. Manaton; 1880, H. J. Clarke; 1882, J. K. King; 1884, T.
Hicks; 1887, W. A. Taylor; 1888, Supply; 1889, W. F. Taylor;
1890, Supply; 1891, J. B. Gough; 1892, A. E. LePage; 1895, Sup
ply; 1896, H. D. Marr; 1898, J. Dystant; 1899, J. S. Allen; from
1901 to 1910, Supply.

Nashwaak — This section of the province was visited early
by Revs. Bishop, Grandin and Fidler. Among the converts was
Alexander McLeod, whose son, A. W. McLeod, entered the minis
try and was the first editor of The Wesleyan. He subsequently
removed to Baltimore where he won distinction as a theologian
and journalist. The first Methodist Church on this circuit was
built in 1795, an unpretentious structure of logs, floored and ceil
ed with hand sawn boards. This pioneer church gave place to
another in 1819, under the pastorate of Wm. Burt, and this to
another in 1842. On June 3rd, 1871, the foundation stone of a
a new church was laid. A writer says "This was a gala day at
Nashwaak village and a large crowd was in attendance. Rev. T.
L. Williams conducted the service, assisted by the Rev. Mr.
Wayson. Rev. Dr. Wilson gave an address on the Wesley Cen
tennial and Methodism on the Nashwaak. Among the settlers
along the Nashwaak were the disbanded soldiers of the 42nd

172 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Highlanders, a sturdy lot of people, many of whom became val
ued members of the Methodist Church. Nashwaak appears in
the minutes as a separate circuit in 1843. The Church at Dur
ham was dedicated on July 25th, 1886, the preachers being Revs.
J. Read and A. Lucas, the pastor. The Church at Upper Nash
waak was dedicated on Dec. 26th, 1880, in the pastorate of Levi
S. Johnson, the preachers being Revs. E. Evans (President) and
W. W. Brewer. The church was a model of beauty and conven
ience, and free from debt. The Nashwaak Church was throughly
renovated and rededicated on July 26th, 1908, in the pastorate of
E. Ramsay, the preachers being Revs. J. C. Berrie and Mr. Or
chard. Under the pastorate of Rev. F. H. Holmes, an excellent
new church was built at Taymouth, costing $8,000. It was dedi
cated on Dec. 22nd, 1918, the preachers being Revs. G. M. Young
(President), Geo. Steel, and H. E. Thomas.

The ministers on this circuit since 1844, have been as fol
lows: 1844, W. C. Beals; 1847, John Allison; 1848, Supply; 1849,
R. A. Temple; 1850, Supply; 1853, R. Tweedy; 1856, W. Perkins?
1858, W. C. Beals; 1859, J. Read; 1861, T. Watson Smith; 1863.
G. Harrison; 1864, J. Sutcliffe; 1866, S. B. Martin; 1868, D. W.
LeLacheur; 1871, J. Seller; 1874, W. W. Colpitts; 1876, R. W.
Weddall; 1878, L. S. Johnson; 1881, J. Goldsmith; 1884, A.
Lucas; 1887, T. Hicks; 1890, T. L. Williams; 1893, I. N. Parker;
1895, E. Bell; 1898, Thos. Pierce; 1901, A. D. McLeod; 1905, E.
Ramsay; 1909, D. R. Chowen; 1913, J. K. King; 1915, F. H. M.
Holmes; 1919, E. A. Westmoreland; 1923, L. J. Leard.

The Nashwaak circuit includes Taymouth, Nashwaak Vil
lage, Covered Bridge, Upper and Lower Durham, and Zionville.
The parsonage was at Nashwaak Village until 1900 when a new
one was built at Taymouth and the old one sold.

Rev. W. E. Smith of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
Mass., U. S. A., was born at Nashwaak Village.

Stanley — Methodism, on this field, dates back some seven
ty-five years when it formed part of the Nashwaak circuit. Local
preachers and supplies, together with an occasional visit from the
Superintendent, covered the ground. Services were held in Stan
ley Hall, in school houses in Currieburg, Williamsburg and Green
Hill. Prayer meetings were held in the homes of the people, and
in winter the ministers would visit the lumber camps up the riv
er. These were the days of hard drives, trying experiences but
withal a congregation glad to hear the Gospel message.

NEW BRUNSWICK 173

In the year 1872 a church was built a few yards below where
the present building now stands, and this became the nucleus
of the Stanley circuit. Prominent among these early trustees was
Major W. T. Howe who was the heart and soul of the movement.
It is said of him that when the roof was being constructed that
they ran short of lumber for the rafters, and some were for leav
ing it for the time being but Major Howe, shouldering his axe,
with "Come on boys," marched off to the woods and it was not
long before the pieces were ready and the building completed.
Like Nehemiah of old he stayed by his task till the walls were
finished. In 1913, the old church was moved and remodeled. A
concrete base was put under it, and it stands to-day as a monu
ment to the loyal Methodists of the community and a real asset
to the town of Stanley.

The Green Hill church was erected some thirty-six years
ago. The names of the trustees are — T. Cookson, John McNeil.
James Flynn, John Merritt, Thomas Gilmore and John Bishop.

During the spring of 1888, the Williamsburg society made
an attempt to build their church. They had the building framed
when there came a severe gale and blew the whole structure
down. The providential part of it was that a short time before
the building collapsed the school children had been playing in
and around the place and had just left for their homes. Nothing
daunted the "Burghers," as they are called, went at the work
again and to-day they have a very nice little church. Mr. John
Dennison of the old Board still survives.

In the year 1884, Tay Creek church was built. Tay Creek
was the strong place of the mission. Thomas Boulter, Asa Cur-
rie and William Boyd were men of strong Christian character
and kept the Methodist fire burning. The fruit of their labors
still remains.

Napadogan is a centre on the C. N. R. There is a union
church at this appointment and Methodist services have been
held here for the past fourteen years. It is now the centre of a
new circuit for a young man having been made so by the action
of Conference 1923.

In the Minutes of 1875, Stanley appears in brackets with
Nashwaak. In 1876, it appears as a separate circuit and in some
years it had a separate pastor and in others it was supplied from
Nashwaak. It was not till 1888 that a separate official board
was organized. In 1898, land was secured from J. Sands and a
parsonage erected. The recording stewards, to date, have been —

174 HISTORY OF METHODISM

T. Gilmore, Asa Currie, W. J. Howe, Edward Gilmore and Angus
McMillan, all faithful and devoted men.

As Stanley was long a young man's, or probationer's, field,
not a few who are now in the full ministry, or on the superannua
tion list, were tested and tried out here. A local writer says:
"And they were in good hands. Their board usually cost them
nothing, and as one of our now highly esteemed members said
they got their fill even though at times it was hard scratching.
It is interesting reading to go over the recommendations touching
the case of several of these men. One young fellow purposed to
evade the storms of winter by building a small shed over his
sleigh. This served the purpose on fine roads but in the deep
snow the protection became an obstruction and a painful incon
venience."

The circuit has given at least one of its sons to the minis-
tfry in the person of Rev. James T. Howe, son of Major W. T.
Howe, and brother of Mrs. M. Sansom. Mr. Howe labored for
a time as a missionary in Japan and in Y. M. C. A. work during
the war, followed by similar work at the government sanitarium
at Kentville, Nova Scotia.

The pastors on this circuit (where Supply appears meaning
worked from Nashwaak) have been as follows: 1875, G. M.
Campbell; 1876, W. J. Kirby; 1878, Supply; 1879, F. Freeman:
1880, Supply; 1881, Fred Black; 1882, Thos. Stebbings; 1883,
Supply; 1884, H. J. Clark; 1887, J. B. G.; 1888, H. Warman;
1890, L. J. Wason; 1892, E. H. Gough; 1893, H. Harrison; 1895,
H. E. Thomas; 1897, R. J. Campbell; 1898 J. S. Gregg; 1900, S.
A. Bayley; 1902, H. S. Young; 1903, Supply; 1904, J. A. Ives;
1908, C. K. Hudson; 1912, H. Harrison; 1914, J. B. Young; 1918,
A. D. McCully; 1923, J. F. Rowley; 1925, L. H. Jewett.

Boiestown — This extensive field, formerly connected with the
old Nashwaak circuit includes Boiestown, Parker's Ridge, Lud-
low, Doaktown, Upper Hayesville, Taxis River, New Bandon,
Bloomfield, Avery's Portage, Hayesville, and Carroll's Crossing.
The church at Boiestown was dedicated on May 27th, 1894, dur
ing the pastorate of Rev. E. Bell, the preachers of the day being
Rev. W. W. Lodge, morning and evening, and Rev. A. Smith .
Presbyterian, in the afternoon. A new church at Doaktown was
dedicated on Nov. 13th, 1893, during the term of Rev. E. Bell,
the preacher being the Rev. J. K. King. Boiestown became the
head of a separate circuit in 1876, with W. W. Colpitts as minis-

NEW BRUNSWICK 175

ter, who, because of his work among the lumber camps had, dur
ing 1877-8 J. F. Estey as associate pastor. Then followed
—1879, J. K. King; 1882, C. W. Hamilton; 1883, Henry Penna;
1886, Thomas Allen; 1889, W. Wass; 1892, E. Bell; 1895, R. W.
J. Clements; 1898, M. R. Knight; 1902, E. Ramsay; 1905, J. K.
King; 1909, W. R. Pepper; 1913, G. W. Tilley; 1917, H. T.
Smith; 1920, J. S. Gregg; 1923, B. E. Carew; 1925, J. F. Rowley
(co-operative) .

From an old Wesleyan we cull the following item, sent from
this cirsuit: "We have exchanged the old parsonage cow for one
7 to 8 years younger, and that one 9 or 10 years old. Some of the
brethren will remember with interest the famous old cow."

At Bloomfield, a new church was dedicated on January 1st,
1882, the cost being $2,000. Revs. E. Evans and W. W. Brewer
were the preachers, and Rev. M. R. Knight the pastor. In 1925,
Doaktown appears as co-operative with Presbyterian minister.
In 1924, McGivney appeared on station list with "Supply."

Keswick — This circuit name first appears in the minutes of
1875 with R. W. Weddall as pastor, implying a rearrangement of
the work as he was at Kingsclear the previous two years and
Birdton, now connected with Keswick was part of the Kingsclear
circuit. Then follow 1876, Thos. Marshall; 1879, J. Crisp; 1882,
T. Allen; 1885, A. R. B. Shrewsbury; 1886, T. Pierce; 1888, G. F.
Dawson; 1891, W. E. Johnson; 1893, W. A. Thompson; 1894, J.
K. King; 1896, W. Wass; 1899, J. B. Young; 1902, M. R. Knight;
1906, A. Lucas; 1907, Supply; 1908, W. Rogers Pepper; 1911, E.
Ramsay; 1914, J. F. Estey; 1916, B. W. Turner; 1918, W. Law-
son; 1921, W. B. Leard; 1925, T. S. Crisp.

Sheffield — This interesting community was visited early by
Bishop and other pioneer preachers. In 1792, it was visited by
William Black and the first Methodist class-meeting in Sheffield
was organized by him. Some pious Congregationalists, whose
church was not prospering, joined it. The first Methodist Church
there was finished in 1818 and was superseded by a larger and
better one in 1829. Gracious revivals took place in 1819, 1826,
1829, and 1835. The mother of Rev. Dr. Humphrey Pickard was
converted in one of these early revivals. In 1832, Sheffield and
adjoining settlements became a distinct circuit. The circuit suf
fered much in the years beginning 1840 by the removal of num»
erous families to the up-river districts and other near towns.

176 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Beginning with 1855, the pastoral record is as follows: Revs.
Geo. Johnson; 1856, H. Daniel; 1857, R'd Knight; 1860, R'd
Weddall, Snr., 1863, James Tweedy and T. J. Deinstadt; 1866, J.
Shenton; 1869, R. Wilson; 1872, F. Harrison; 1874, E. Slack-
ford; 1877, W. Dobson; 1880, R. S. Crisp; 1883, C. W. Hamil
ton; 1886, W. Maggs; 1889 Isaac Howie; 1892, A. D. McCully;
1895, Jos. Parkins; 1898, A. C. Bell; 1901, H. Harrison; 1905, W.
R. Pepper; 1909, W. Wass; 1912, Supply; 1913, F. H. M.
Holmes; 1915, O. H. Peters; 1918, B. W. Turner; 1922, F. W.
Sawdon; 1923, J. S. Gregg. Included in this circuit are Sheffield,
Lakeville, Clark's Corner, Douglas Harbor, Scotchtown, and Lit'
tie River.

Interesting circuit records, dating back to 1831, are found on
this circuit, in which appear the names of ministers — McNutt,
Douglas, Murray, Albert DesBrisay, Smithson, Frame, Bent, and
Wm. Smith. Barkers and Taylors appear among the official
members as they do to-day. Itemized accounts of expenses of
the ministers also appear. In 1836 the first child was born in
the mission house (as the parsonage was called) and in the ac
count appears the entry "1 child 1 qtr. 47/3" meaning that the
child was born in the latter part of the Conference year and had
one quarter's claim on the children's Fund. Another entry is "1
cradle 17/6."

Grand Lake — This community was frequently visited by the
early itinerants and a gracious revival occurred there in 1829. In
the absence of a minister, Daniel Stilwell, a Loyalist, who had
been associated with the Methodists in New York was accustom
ed to read a sermon. He was a member of the first class-meeting
at Grand Lake. The ministers from Sheffield held services there
and for some years it was cared for from Sussex. Grand Lake
appears for the first time, in the Minutes, as the head of a mis
sion, in 1860, with "supplied from Sussex Vale." The church at
Grand Lake was built in 1860. In 1861, the name is Grand Lake
and Canaan with C. S. Lane as stationed preacher, followed in
1862 by J. A. Mosher, in 1864 by A. B. Waters, and in 1865 by
George Harrison. During his term, which ended in 1868, a par
sonage was bought at White's Cove.

The mission extended from Lower Jemseg to the east as far
as Chipman and to English Settlement now on the Springfield
circuit. About 1890 a new parsonage was built at Young's Cove
and occupied by C. H. Manaton. During his pastorate a new

NEW BRUNSWICK 17T

church was dedicated at Cumberland Bay, on Oct. 12th, 1890,
Rev. Dr. Sprague being the preacher. A new church was dedi
cated at Cole's Island in April, 1897, during the pastorate of I. N.
Parker.

The church at Young's Cove, built about 1860, was thorough
ly renovated during the pastorate of Rev. C. Comben. This
church is still in use and the previous church is now being used
as a storehouse. The church at Jemseg was built about the year
1877 and that at White's Cove somewhat earlier. The church
at the Narrows, commenced some years ago, remains unfinished
and services are held in the basement.

The following is the list of pastors: 1861, C. S. Lane; 1862,
J. A. Mosher; 1864, A. B. Waters; 1865, Geo. Harrison; 1868, J.
B. Hemmeon; 1871, R. O'B. Johnson and J. Crisp; 1874, Geo. W.
Fisher; 1877, Silas James; 1880, Wm. Tweedy; 1882, H. J.
Clark; 1884, C. Comben; 1887, J. F. Estey; 1889, C. H. Mana-
ton; 1892, Robt. W. J. Clements; 1895, I. N. Parker; 1899, L. J.
Wason; 1903, Supply; 1904, A. C. Bell; 1908, J. S. Gregg; 1912,
E. Rowlands; 1916, A. Whiteside; 1917, L. J. Wason; 1921, T.
Spencer Crisp ; 1925, C. F. Stebbings.

Gagetown — Methodism was introduced to this community
in the summer of 1818 by the Rev. William Burt, an able minis
ter, then stationed in Fredericton. No church or other building
being opened to him, he preached from a cart on the main street
from "Jesus and the resurrection," his address making such an
impression that he was invited to come again and soon a class-
meeting was organized forming the nucleus of a church. On
account of the scarcity of preachers this opportunity, like many
others of that early day, could not be followed up as promptly
as was desirable, and irregular preaching services continued for
some years supplied from Fredericton. In the year 1854, how
ever, a circuit was organized with Burton as its head and Gage-
town one of its appointments with the Rev. Geo. S. Milligan, M.
A., a scholarly young Scotsman, as its minister. The services
were for some time held in a union chapel, much success attend
ing the work of the young minister, so that it was soon decided
to build a Methodist Church, which was accomplished in 1854.
The land was donated by the late W. F. Bonnell who afterwards
became a leading member of the church. In 1858, Gagetown be
came the head of the circuit and a parsonage was secured and
has continued to be occupied by a long succession of ministers

178 HISTORY OF METHODISM

until the present. Many gracious revivals of religion have oc
curred in this time honored church. The boundaries of the cir
cuit have several times changed as new circuits have been form
ed, the old Fredericton circuit once including Sheffield, Grand
Lake, Gagetown, Oromocto, Burton, Nashwaak, Stanley, Marys-
ville, Devon and other fields.

The following is the pastoral record of Burton and Gage-
town: 1854, G. S. Milligan; 1856, H. McKeown; 1857, Henry
Holland; 1858, W. Tweedy; 1859, W. C. Brown; 1860, D. B.
Scott; 1861, J. Read; 1862, T. Watson Smith; 1864, A. S. Tuttle;
1865, J. S. Allen; 1866, J. Cassidy; 1868, G. B. Payson; 1871, E.
Slackford; 1874, I. N. Parker; 1877, J. A. Duke; 1880, W. Har
rison; 1883, S. James; 1886, C. H. Manaton; 1889, W. Maggs;
1891, A. C. Dennis (died in Gagetown) ; 1894, N. McLauchlan;
1899, I. N. Parker (2nd term) ; 1903, S. James (2nd term; died
in parsonage) ; 1904, W. J. Kirby; 1908, H. Penna; 1912, J. K.
King; 1913, W. W. Brewer (died in parsonage) ; 1914, H. Harri
son; 1918, L. H. Jewett; 1921, H. Penna (2nd term) ; 1923, Thos.
Hicks.

The circuit stewards of this circuit, since 1845, have been
Edward Simpson, John Palmer (High Sheriff) , Jotham P. Bui-
yea, and David Moore, all men of high standing long continued
in office. The Sunday School superintendents have been (from
1864) James A. Bulyea, Wm. Kirkpatrick, John Palmer, Amos
Corey, Jotham P. Bulyea, and A. Corey (2nd term) . The Gage-
town circuit has contributed a number of people to various fields
of service of which any community may be proud. Amongst
these may be mentioned John Palmer, High Sheriff of Queens
County, and his two sons, the late Rev. G. C. P. Palmer and Dr.
James M. Palmer, Principal of Mt. Allison Academy; James A.
Bulyea, for many years a pillar in the church, and his sons
Jotham P. and the Hon. George H. V. Bulyea, the first Lieut.-
Governor of Alberta. The first recording steward, the late Ed
ward Simpson, had a worthy record and his children follow in
his steps. One of them, Miss Ella Simpson, has for more than
twenty years, been the efficient organist of the church. Mt.
Frank Kirkpatrick present High Sheriff, is a grandson of Mr.
Kirkpatrick the Sunday School Superintendent mentioned.

Burton — This circuit appears in the Minutes of 1855 with
Geo. S. Milligan as pastor followed 1856, H. McKeown; 58 and
59, united with Gagetown; 1860, A. F. Weldon; 1861, F. Harri-

NEW BRUNSWICK 179

son; 1862, Geo. Harrison; 1863, J. J. Colter; 1864, B. J. Johnston.
From this time it was merged with Gagetown.

Oromocto — Local preachers from Fredericton, for a length
ened period, rendered faithful service in this community. A
church was built in 1840 but remained in an unfinished state for
a number of years. It was connected with Sheffield and, after
wards, with the Gagetown circuit, until it appeared in the minu
tes of 1910 as the head of a circuit with "To be supplied" follow
ing it. The same appeared in 1911 and 12, then came the fol
lowing record— 1913, F. T. Bertram; 1915, F. E. Boothroyd;
1917, J. W. Howe; 1918, J. B. Young; 1922, A. D. McCully;
1924, A. E. Chapman. In forming the circuit Burton, Shirley
and Oromocto were taken from Gagetown and Lincoln from the
Gibson circuit.

In 1914, a parsonage was built free from debt. On Sept.
30th, 1919, during the pastorate of J. B. Young, the church and
parsonage, as well as a large part of the village, were destroyed
by fire, which called for the practical sympathy and assistance
of the Conference in rebuilding. A new church was erected and
dedicated on Dec. 26th, 1920, the preachers being Revs. G. M.
Young, Geo. Steel, and D. R. Chowen, President, of the Confer
ence.

A new Parsonage also was built and both are practically
free from debt.

WOODSTOCK DISTRICT

Woodstock — Methodism was introduced into Carleton Coun
ty by James Killen, an Irishman, who, with his wife, came from
Miramichi. Rev. Wm. Temple visited Woodstock and vicinity
in 1821 and, impressed with the necessities and opportunities of
the community, sought to secure a young preacher for it. One
was sent from England, a Mr. Snelgrove, but he was drowned on
the way. In 1828, J. B. Strong visited that district, followed
later by visits from Enoch Wood, Sampson Busby, and A. Mc-
Nutt. The latter was appointed to that field in 1832 and his cir
cuit included the whole country from Woodstock to Tobique on
both sides of the river. Smith's History says: "An acre of
ground was deeded to the Missionary Society in March, 1832,
and a generous subscription list was deemed a sufficient warrant

180 HISTORY OF .METHODISM

for the immediate erection of a Methodist church. The spot
selected was near the 'Lower Corner', some distance below the
Meduxnekeag stream, along the banks of which only two or three

houses then stood Nearly all the services at Woodstock

were conducted by Mr. McNutt in a school-room, but, a short
time before his removal in 1833, at the request of the relatives
of a person who had died in the Lord through attention to the
counsels given by the Methodist pastor, the floor of the unfin
ished church was swept, the workmen's benches were pushed
aside and a very impressive sermon was preached to a crowded
congregation, to several members of which it was believed to
have proved the 'Savor of life unto life.'

The first church was burned in the fall of 1835 and immedi
ate steps were taken to rebuild. The new church was dedicated
during the pastorate of Michael Pickles, 1836-38. The parson
age, built in 1834-35, escaped the fire and was torn down a few
years ago.

During the pastorate of George Johnson, who took charge
in 1840, a great revival occurred when many were added to the
church. During the pastorate of Arthur McNutt a young man
was converted who afterward became Samuel Dwight Rice, D.D.,
General Superintendent of the Methodist Church of Canada.

The third church, built on the corner of Chapel and Green
streets, was dedicated on June 6th, 1869, during the pastorate
of A. W. Nicolson, the preachers being Revs. D. D. Currie and J.
R. Narraway. Extensive repairs and alterations were made during
the pastorates of G. M. Campbell (1884) and H .D. Marr (1898).

The Sunday School was organized in 1833 with J. M. Connell
as Superintendent, succeeded in office by George F. Williams,
Robert A. Hay, Lewis P. Fisher, D. J. Holder, James Watts, C.
L. Smith, L. E. Young, Charles L. Smith, Daniel W. Kyle, A.
Wilmot Hay, Alex. Sharp and F. C. Squires. These devoted men
rendered noble service to the church some of them holding office
for many years. Mr. Lewis P. Fisher, who had been superintend
ent for twenty-five years and who took a great interest in the
choir, left many and large legacies, the chief being to erect and
equip a free library, a hospital, and a new grammar school.

Quite a number of the members of this church have held
high and influential positions in the councils of the State, amongst
them being the Connells, father and sons, Lewis P. Fisher, K. C.,
Col. Baird (father of Mrs. (Rev.) Thomas Marshall), and Hon-
orables Beveridge, Lindsay, White and Carvell.

NEW BRUNSWICK 181

In 1907, it was decided that a new and more modern church
was required and, under the leadership of Rev. R. G. Fulton, the
present beautiful and commodious church was erected. It was
dedicated on April 5th, 1908, the services being conducted by
Rev. E. C. Turner, Chairman of the District, the preacher being
Rev. H. D. Marr, a previous pastor.

The large window on Chapel street was presented by Mr.

B. B. Manzer and W. B. Belyea as a memorial to Mrs. B. B.
Manzer and Mrs. R. B. Belyea. Memorial tablets were placed
in the east window in memory of R. A. Hay and D. J. Holder,
and one in the east window in memory of Hon. William Lindsay.

The following is the list of ministers: 1832, Arthur McNutt;
1833, Samuel Joll; 1835, Henry Daniel; 1836, Michael Pickles
(assisted by S. McMasters in 37) ; 1838, Richard Douglas; 1840,
George Johnson (assisted one year each by R. A. Chesley, Flynn.
and Wm. Leggett) ; 1843, F. Smallwood; 1845, Wm. Temple and

C. Lockhart; 1-847, J. F. Bent; 1849, John Allison; 1851, A. Mc
Nutt; 1853, Wm. Temple and R. Duncan; 1854, Wm. Allen, as-
sisted in 1855 by Wm. Alcorn; 1856, John Prince and J. Cassidy;
1857, J. Prince, W. C. Brown, and R. Wasson; 1858, J. Prince,
R. Wasson and T. Watson Smith; 1859, R. A. Temple, D. D.
Currie, and D. B. Scott; 1861, R. A. Temple, D. D. Currie, S. F.
Huestis, and J. J. Colter; 1862, Wm. Wilson and J. G. Angwin;
1863, W. Wilson; 1864, G. S. Milligan; 1867, A. W. Nicolson and
W. H. Burns; 1869, J. McMurray; 1870, J. S. Addy; 1872, H.
McKeown; 1874, Jos. Seller; 1875, J. Taylor; 1876, C. H. Pais
ley; 1879, W. W. Colpitts; 1882, G. M. Campbell; 1885, T. J
Deinstadt; 1888, J. Shenton; 1889, Wm. Dobson; 1892, R. S.
Crisp; 1893, Thos. Marshall; 1894, D. Chapman; 1898, H. D.
Marr; 1901, J. C. Berrie; 1902, G. A. Ross; 1906, R. G. Fulton;
1909, R. W. Weddall; 1913, W. Penna; 1914, R. Opie; 1915, S.
Howard; 1920, M. E. Conron; 1923, John T. Cavers.

Canterbury — In 1868, the name of Northampton appears on
the minutes as the head of a mission, with W. H. Burns as pastor,
followed, in 1869, by E. B. Moore. In 1870, the name of the mis
sion was changed to Canterbury and continued thus until 1878
when Northampton and Benton appear as the name of one mis
sion with E. C. Turner, pastor, and Canterbury as another with
H. Penna as pastor. In 1879, they were united under the name
of Northampton and Canterbury with two men, E. C. Turner and
T. L. Williams. In 1880, the combined circuit was worked by

182 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Wm. R. Pepper and in 1881, the name of the circuit appeared as
Canterbury and has thus continued. The Benton mission merg
ed into this and other circuits and Northampton was joined to
Jacksonville. In 1882, the Canterbury circuit included Canter
bury, Skiff Lake, North Lake, Green Mountain, Benton, Benton
Ridge, Hay Settlement, Springfield, California Settlement and
Eel River. In 1885, the latter two were dropped. In 1903, Po-
kiok, Meductic, Fosterville and Smith Corner were added. Fos-
terville and Benton Ridge were dropped in 1907 although there
is a Methodist church in each place. Meductic was dropped in
1905 and Pokiok in 1917. The present appointments are Canter
bury Skiff Lake, Hortin Settlement, Benton and Lower Wood
stock, with some attention given to Springfield and Scot Siding.

The following is the list of pastors: 1868, W. H. Burns;
1869, E. B. Moore; 1870, F. W. Harrison; 1872, J. S. Allen; 1874,
E. Bell; 1875, A. R. B. Shrewsbury; 1876, W. Wass; 1878, H.
Penna; 1879, E. C. Turner and T. L. Williams; 1880, W. R. Pep
per; 1883, A. R. B. Shrewsbury; 1885, Supply; 1886, I. Howie;
1889, C. W. Butcher; 1890, M. R. Knight; 1892, C. H. Mana-
ton; 1895, H. Harrison; 1898, R. W. Clements; 1900, G. A. Ross;
1902, C. Flemington; 1904, C. K. Hudson; 1905, Supply; 1906,
J. F. Rowley; 1907, H. H. Marr; 1908, G. W. Tilley; 1909, F. T.
Bertram; 1910, Supply; 1911, W. J. Domville; 1912, R. Dalzel;
1913, G. N. Somers; 1915, C. F. Stebbings; 1917, Supply; 1918,
M. S. Linton; 1919, Supply; 1920, G. Readman; 1921, G. R. Fitz-
patrick; 1923, J. Harold Rowley; 1924, R. Vincent; 1925, D. L.
Giddings.

The church at Canterbury was dedicated on November 18th,
1906, Revs. H. Harrison and R. G. Fulton being the preachers.

Benton — This circuit title first appeared in 1874 with Thom
as Marshall as pastor followed in 1876 by John Ellis. The circuit
name does not appear in 1877 but in the Minutes of 1878 it is
coupled with Northampton with E. C. Turner as pastor; 1880, W.
R. Pepper. Both names now disappear from the Minutes. The
circuit included Benton, Northampton and Lower Woodstock.
These appointments became absorbed by the Jacksonville and
Canterbury circuits.

Jacksonville — This circuit was cut off from the old widely-
extended Woodstock circuit in 1862, and included Jacksonville,
6th and 7th Tier (Lindsay) , Bloomfield, North and South Rich-

NEW BRUNSWICK 183

mond and Gesner Settlement. In 1876-77, Red Bridge was add
ed, and in 1877-78, Waterville and Second Tier (Rosedale), and
in 1884, Hartford. In 1885, there were eight appointments, with
South Newbury added in 1886. The Richmond (or Debec) and
Lindsay circuits absorbed some of these appointments, so that in
1906, the appointments left to the Jacksonville circuit were Jack
sonville, Northampton, Waterville, Rosedale and Upper Wood
stock. As will be seen by the record of pastors the circuit had for
a number of years an assistant minister. The church at Water
ville was rebuilt and dedicated on December 16th, 1888, during
the pastorate of J. K. King, the preachers being Revs. Job Shen-
ton, Mr. McDonald (Ref. Bpt.), and J. C. Berrie. This church
was destroyed by fire in 1915, by a grass fire started by some
children in the rear of the church. The Reformed Baptist church,
on the other side of the street, was also destroyed. Neither one
has been rebuilt. The church at Rosedale was dedicated on Janu
ary llth, 1891, in the pastorate of C. Comben, the preachers be
ing Revs. D. Chapman, W. Dobson, and J. C. Berrie. The church
at Northampton, after undergoing extensive repairs in the sum
mer of 1915, was destroyed by fire on December 26th, of the same
year, and had no insurance. Since the fire, services have been
held in the Kirk at Riverside (Lower Northampton) and in Cen
tral Northampton in the school house. The church at Rosedale
was sold some years ago to the Primitive Baptists, the greater
number of the Methodist people having died or moved away.
During the pastorate of J. K. King many members were added
to the church and his ministry made a lasting impression on the
circuit. Tradition has it that he had no need to preach any ex
citing sermons to his horse, a wonderful steed which required all
the herculean strength of his master to control him as he swept
through the country. A gracious revival also attended the min
istry of George Ayers at Northampton. He was assisted by Mr.
Charles Humbert of St. John. A series of evangelistic services,
lasting a month, were conducted in the summer of 1923, under
Mr. Fred Foster, the Farmer Evangelist of Maine. Methodists,
Baptists, and Primitive Baptists united in these services which
were very largely attended. On the last Sunday afternoon a uni
ted baptismal service was held at a brook across which a dam
had been constructed. The day was fine and people were present
from far and near. Seventeen candidates were baptized, some
by immersion, by the Rev. L. A. Fenwick (Bapt.), and others by
sprinkling by the Rev. H. S. Young, Methodist, the Methodist

184 HISTORY OF METHODISM

part of the service being held inside the ropes which had been
stretched to form an enclosure on the banks of the stream.

A legacy from the Hemphill estate at Northampton adds a
yearly sum of $32 to the circuit income. Another sum of $800,
proceeds of the sale of the Rosedale church, supplemented by a
gift from the Orange Order at Waterville, after they had dispos
ed of their hall, also assists the finances of the circuit.

Rev. George W. Tilley, son of Mr. and Mrs. Chipman Tilley,
of Jacksonville, and Rev. Leon H. Jewett, of Waterville, entered
the ministry from this circuit. Three ministers found their wives
here; H. E. Thomas who married Miss Annie Good, H. C. Rice,
Blanche Plummer, John Dystant, Edith Plummer. Miss Ruth A.
Harper, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Harper, is a missionary
in Japan, and Miss Ethel Estey is employed by the Methodist
Episcopal Church of the United States as a missionary in India.
Both of these Christian workers went out from this circuit.

The following have been the pastors: 1862, S. F. Huestis;
1865, F. Harrison; 1868, J. Cassidy; 1870, E. B. Moore; 1873, I.
E. Thurlow; 1874, R. H. Taylor; 1875, W. Dobson and J. F. Es
tey; 1877, R. S. Crisp; 1880, M. R. Knight; 1883, J. C. Berrie;
1886, W. B. Thomas; 1887, J. K. King, assisted in .88 and .89 by
G. M. Young and in .89-.90 by J. B. Young; 1890, C. Comben,
assisted in .90 by A. E. Chapman, in .91 by B. Howard and in
.92 by W. Buchanan; 1893, T. L. Williams, assisted in .93 by
R. A. Colpitts, in .94 by W. E. Smith, and in .95 by H. C. Rice.
1896, W. H. Spargo; 1899, James Crisp; 1902, J. C. Berrie; 1906,
E. C. Turner; 1910, G. Ayers; 1914, J. B. Gough; 1918, H. Harri
son; 1922, H. S. Young.

A new parsonage was built in 1882. The church at Jackson
ville was dedicated on December 26th, 1886, the preachers being
the Revs. J. Read, T. J. Deinstadt, and W. Dobson, the Rev. W.
B. Thomas being the pastor. The previous church had been in
use for twenty-five years.

Hartland — This circuit first appeared in the minutes, in
1868, under the name of Knowlesville but was changed to Hart-
land in 1874. Argyle is one of the appointments. Through the
kindness and solely at the expense of Murdock Matheson a com
modious hall for preaching was opened on November 17th, 1873.
A new church was dedicated at Hartland on October 7th, 1894,
in the pastorate of H. S. Young, costing $1,365, the preachers be
ing Revs. D. Chapman, T. L. Williams, and F. H. W. Pickles.

•NEW BRUNSWICK 185

The following ministers have been stationed on this circuit:
1868, E. Mills; 1871, C. W. Hamilton; 1873, Thomas Marshall;
1874, E. C. Turner; 1875, E. Bell; 1876, worked from Richmond;
1883, R. Clements; 1885, T. R. Wright; 1886, Supply; 1888, W.
Howard; 1890, S. A. Bayley; 1891, E. H. Gough; 1892, Supply;
1893, H. S. Young; 1895, W. E. Smith; 1896, J. B. Gough; 1897,
G. A. Ross; 1898, D. A. Bayley; 1899, J. A. Sellar; 1900, H. C.
Rice; 1902, G. Ayers; 1904, B. O. Hartman; 1905, H. H. Marr;
1907, Supply; 1908, F. T. Bertram; 1909, G. N. Somers; 1910,
Supply; 1911, H. T. Smith; 1912, P. A. Fitzpatrick; 1914, Sup
ply; 1916, G. S. Helps; 1918, T. S. Crisp; 1920, J. K. King; 1921,
T. Pierce; 1923, J. K. King (Sup'y).

Lindsay — At the Conference of 1897, Lindsay, Hartford,
Oakville, Weston, and Belleville, of the Richmond circuit, were
erected into a new circuit under the name of Lindsay. The fol
lowing is the pastoral list: 1897, J. Dystant; 1898, Supply; 1899,
J. J. Pinkerton; 1900, H. E. Thomas; 1901, H. C. Rice; 1902, J.
A. Ives: 1903-09, Supply; 1910, F. H. Littlejohns; 1911, Supply;
1912, G. T. Metherall; 1913, C. F. Stebbings; 1916, Hartland and
Lindsay; 1918, T. S. Crisp; 1920, Lindsay, T. S. Crisp; 1921, E.
E. Fytche; 1923, H. C. Upton; 1924, M. S. Linton.

At the Conference of 1920, the Lindsay circuit, which had
been connected with Hartland, was restored and made up of
Lindsay. Weston, Oakville, Belleville, and Watson Settlement.

Debec (Richmond) — In 1877, North and South Richmond
were taken from the Jacksonville circuit and Red Bridge was
added to them to form a circuit called Richmond. Eel River was
added later. Debec was then included in South Richmond, or
McKenzie Corner. In 1920-21, North Richmond, or Watson Set
tlement, and Red Bridge were added to the Lindsay circuit, leav
ing Debec, McKenzie Corner and Elmwood to the older circuit,
the name of which was now changed from Richmond to Debec.
Eel River being well supplied by the Presbyterians the Metho
dists withdrew. For some years, Littleton, in Maine, was sup
plied by the Richmond minister.

In 1854, the first Methodist church at McKenzie Corner was
erected, during the pastorate of Wm. Allen, the opening being
followed by evangelistic services which accomplished much good.
In 1879, a new church was begun at McKenzie Corner, in the last
year of Wm. Harrison's pastorate and completed in 1880, in the

186 HISTORY OF METHODISM

first year of E. C. Turner's term, the dedication preachers being
Revs. Dr. Stewart, Wm. Harrison, and Mr. Hemscow of Houlton.
The parsonage was built in 1884-85 during the pastorate of Isaac
Howie.

Revivals of religion have been quite frequent on this field.
In 1875-76, Wm. Dobson and his associate, J. F. Estey, held
meetings of power, during which, in Richmond alone, there were
from seventy-five to eighty converts. Alexander Harron, a devot
ed layman, who came from Ireland in 1863, gave most inspiring
service to the church for twenty years as class-leader, Sunday
School superintendent, and circuit steward.

Going further back, in 1858, Rev. John Prince, assisted by
John Walsh (a converted Roman Catholic) held special services
when many were brought into the Church. In 1860, R. Alder
Temple, D. D. Currie, and D. B. Scott held revival services in a
great tent about two miles west of Debec lasting between two
and three weeks which were attended with great interest and
power. In 1887, Messrs. Sterling and McLauchlan came to
North Richmond and McKenzie Corner and held revival services
which added many to the Church. Thomas Pierce and F. Frizzel,
in their respective pastorates, also engaged in successful revival
effort. In 1916, the churches at McKenzie Corner, led by evang
elist George Anderson, engaged in united evangelistic services
resulting in a gracious revival, and in the pastorate of G. A. Sel-
lar, in 1924, services at Elmwood, continued for several weeks,
resulted in additions to the Methodist, Presbyterian, and Bap
tist churches.

During the pastorate of Samuel Howard (1886-89) an aux
iliary of the W. M. S. was organized by Mrs. Howard. This so
ciety has flourished and made very generous contributions to the
missionary treasury. A number of its members are tithers.

The ministerial record is as follows: — 1877, Wm. Harrison;
1880, E. C. Turner; 1883, I. Howie; 1886, S. Howard; 1889, H.
R. Baker; 1891, Thos. Pierce; 1894, F. Frizzel; 1897, E. Slack-
ford; 1900, Jos. Parkins; 1901, T. Stebbings; 1904, J. K. King;
1905, H. Harrison; 1909, E. Ramsay; 1911, A. J. Gould; 1915,
H. T. Smith; 1917, E. C. Turner; 1919, W. J. Domville; 1923, G.
A. Sellar.

Centreville (Upper Kent, Tobique} — All these names have
been given to this circuit. Tobique first appeared on the minutesj
in 1872 with "One to be sent" following it; 1873, Edwin Turner;

NEW BRUNSWICK 187

1874, Silas James. The name of Upper Kent was given in 1877
with Wm. Penna as pastor, followed by 1880, Henry Penna }

1883, Thos. Stebbings; 1886, W. E. Johnson; 1889, G. C. P. Pal
mer; 1890, Supply; 1891, G. A. Sellar; 1895, A. E. LePage; 1898,
Jos. Parkins. The circuit took the name Centreville in 1899 with
W. H. Spargo; 1902, E. C. Turner; 1906, Geo. Ayers; 1910, H.
Pierce; 1912, H. Penna; 1916, J. B. Champion; 1920, H. Miller;
1924, H. C. Upton; 1925, B. W. Turner.

A new church was dedicated at Centreville, on October 6th,

1884, during the pastorate of T. Stebbings at a cost of $2,000.
The preachers were Revs. E. Evans, J. C. Berrie, and G. M.
Campbell. A new parsonage was erected in 1889.

Florenceville — This circuit was formed in 1862, the same
year in which Jacksonville was formed, both from the wide-ex
tended Woodstock circuit, and now includes East and West Flor
enceville, Summerfield, Bath and Wicklow. Referring to the work
about Woodstock, Smith's History says: "At Florenceville, in
1851, meetings were held in a log school-house, from which John
Allison, on a Sabbath during revival services withdrew to a posi
tion on the bank of the river to preach in the open-air to more
than a thousand persons."

The church at Florenceville was dedicated on February 3rd,
1884, in the pastorate of A. E. LePage, and the preachers were
Revs. E. Evans, I. Howie, and J. C. Berrie. A new parsonage
was occupied on December 20th, 1907, in the pastorate of Thos.
Pierce, which cost $3,500.

A new church was dedicated at Bath, on July 3rd, 1904, in
the pastorate of J. B. Young, the preachers being Revs. J. C.
Berrie and E. Turner. The pulpit and platform chairs were pre
sented by Mr. G. L. Raymond, of Boston, in memory of his
grand-parents Jabesh and Martha Squires, the first Methodists
in Bath. A memorial window was placed by Mr. and Mrs. E. D.
R. Phillips.

The church at East Florenceville, after extensive alterations,
was reopened on July 10th, 1919, the services of the day being
taken by Rev. H. E. Thomas, President of Conference at 11 a. m.
and Rev. F. E. Bishop (Bpt.) , in the evening, assisted by F. A.
Wightman (the pastor) , E. C. Turner and S. Howard, a platform
meeting being held in the afternoon. The first church at East
Florenceville was erected in 1869.

The following is the list of pastors: 1862, Alex. S. Tuttle;

188 HISTORY OF .METHODISM

1865, John W. Howie; 1867, James R. Hart; 1869, Wm. W. Per-
cival; 1872, Isaac Howie; 1875, Charles H. Paisley; 1876, John
J. Colter; 1879, Edwin Mills; 1881, Alfred E. LePage; 1884, John
K. King; 1887, Joseph Seller; 1889, Samuel Howard; 1892, Jos
eph Parkins; 1896, George A. Sellar, assisted in 1896 by J. A.
Ives, and in .97 by L. J. Leard; 1899, Thomas Allen; 1902, John
B. Young; 1906, Thomas Pierce; 1910, E. C. Turner; 1913, Geo.
A. Ross; 1917, Frederick A. Wightman; 1921, Daniel R. Chowen;
1925, G. W. Tilley.

Andover — Smith's History speaking of the settlers who had
moved to the Upper St. John, says: "Among these Arthur Mc-
Nutt, in 1830, on the first visit of a Methodist minister as far
north as Andover, found scattered disciples who had been con
verted under his predecessors at Fredericton and Sheffield, and
who welcomed them to their homes. At their request he preached
at Wakefield, Andover, and other points; and on his return, in
1832, they became the first members of local societies which have
grown into the vigorous churches of the present day. A pious
Scotch woman, Janet Johnson, removed with her husband from
Fredericton to Andover in 1833, and by her establishment of a
Sunday school, of which she was the principal manager and the
circulation of the Scriptures, prepared the way for the Wesleyan
missionary. In 1837 a small church was built there, and a year
later a congregation of one hundred was reported, of whom four
teen were communicants.

In the little church British troops were billeted during the
march to Canada at the time of the rebellion, and the stove which
for many years gave comfort to the congregation was left theref
by the military authorities. Early in 1839 Arthur McNutt spent
eight days at the place and its neighborhood, and thence made
an earnest appeal to the Committee for the appointment of a
missionary for that section of the county of Carleton." Robert
A. Chesley was sent there in 1840, the first of a steady succession
of preachers, and there in 1848 John Prince had seen an extensive
revival. In the Minutes of 1851 Andover appeared as the head
quarters of a distinct circuit, under the care of John S. Phinney,
followed by 1854, C. Gaskin; 1856, Supply; 1857, J. Read; 1859.
T. Watson Smith; 1861, D. B. Scott; 1863, D. W. LeLacheur;
1865, B. J. Johnson; 1868, W. W. Lodge; 1870, J. S. Allen; 1872,
G. B. Payson; 1874, W. W. Brewer; 1876, J. Crisp; 1879, Thos.
Allen; 1882, C. Comben; 1884, J. Goldsmith; 1886, A. B. Calder;

NEW BRUNSWICK 189

1887, R. W. Clements; 1889, W. E. Johnson; 1891, J. B. Young;
1894, W. R. Pepper; 1897, J. F. Estey; 1900, J. S. Gregg; 1903,
J. A. Ives; 1904, H G. Alder; 1905, C. W. Squires; 1907, Supply;
1908, J. A. Ives; 1912, A. C. Bell; 1916, C. Flemington; 1923, E.
E. Fytche.

The appointments are Andover, Roostock, Carlingford,
Bairdsville and Kilburn.

Arthurette — This title of a circuit appeared for the first time
in 1877 with C. H. Manaton, as pastor, followed with 1878, R.
Opie; 1881, A. R. B. Shrewsbury; 1882, W. Wass. In 1883 it was
merged with Andover.

CHATHAM DISTRICT

Chatham — The Miramichi country was visited by Rev. J. B.
Strong in 1828. He found several Methodists from the Old Coun
try ready to welcome him and such gracious results attended the
ministry of Rev. M. Pickles who followed him in 1830, it was
promptly decided to proceed with a church building at Chatham
which was dedicated by Enoch Wood on July 31st, 1831. "No
regret was felt at removal from the hired room in the 'Old Hotel',
though neatly fitted up with a pulpit and seats, to a church with
accommodation for 600 persons and inferior to no Methodist
house of worship in the province." This building was damaged
by fire in 1845 and when restored rededicated. This was replaced
by a fine brick church, which cost $16,000, and was opened on
August 22nd, 1886, during the pastorate of F. W. Harrison, the
preachers being Revs. Dr. C. Stewart and Neil McKay (Presby
terian). An expensive Cassavant organ was dedicated on Octo
ber 25th, 1903. During the pastorate of the Rev. R. G. Fulton, a
spacious and splendidly equipped annex, called St. Luke's Hall,
was erected, and dedicated on December 14, 1913, by Rev. G. F,
Dawson, President of the Conference, assisted by Revs. Dr.
Chapman and Dr. Wigle. This day of rejoicing occurred on the
eleventh anniversary of a serious fire in the church.

The following is the pastoral record of the old Miramichi
circui1>— 1830, M. Pickles; 1831, Enoch Wood and A. McNutt;
1832, E. Wood and H. Daniel; 1833, Albert DesBrisay and H.
Daniel; 1834, R. Williams and P. Sleep; 1836, R. Williams and
H. Pickard; 1837, M. Pickles, W. Bannister, and S. D. Rice;

190 HISTORY OF METHODISM

1838, W. Temple, S. McMasters and H. Pickard; 1840, A. Me-
Nutt, J. Jennings and W. Allen; 1842, A. McNutt; 1843, R. Shep-
pard; 1846, G. Johnson; 1849, C. Lockhart; 1852, J. Snowball;
1856, W. Smith; 1859, G. Barratt; 1862, W. W. Perkins (assisted
by W. H. Heartz in .62 and .63 and by C. B. Pitblado in 1864) ,
1866, E. Evans (assisted by A. D. Morton in 1866 and .67 and by
C. H. Paisley in .68 and .69) ; 1870, I. Sutcliffe (assisted by A.
B. Morris in .70 and by J. Strothard in .71) ; 1872, J. L. Spon-
agle and A. H. Webb; 1873, John Waterhouse and J. Crisp.

Chatham appeared as a separate circuit in 1875 with J.
Waterhouse pastor, followed by 1876, R. S. Crisp ; 1876, H. Me-
Keown; 1879, S. T. Teed; 1882, D. Chapman; 1884, N. Mc-
Lauchlan; 1885, F. W. Harrison; 1888, R. S. Crisp; 1890, T.
Marshall; 1893, Geo. Steel; 1897, G. M. Young; 1900, W. C.
Matthews; 1903, J. Strothard; 1906, G. A. Sellar; 1908, G. F.
Dawson; 1911, R. G. Fulton; 1915, J. J. Pinkerton; 1919, H. S.
B. Strothard; 1921, F. H. Littlejohns; 1925, Geo. M. Young.

Newcastle — Methodism was introduced to Newcastle and
Chatham on the same day in August, 1828, and by the same min
ister, the Rev. J. B. Strong. He had ridden on horseback from
Fredericton, a three days' journey, preaching at Newcastle morn
ing and evening, on his arrival, and at Chatham in the afternoon.
On the following Monday he made his way up the north-west
branch of the Miramichi and found there Robert Tweedy, his
wife (the godly and courageous Isabel McLean, affectionately
called the 'little wife'), and eight children. This good man was
the leader of a little band of Irish immigrants who kept the
altar fires burning and longed for the coming of one of their own
missionaries. Three sons, Robert, James and William became
devoted Methodist ministers. This community came under the
ministry of the first settled pastor (Rev. M. Pickles) on the
Miramichi circuit which extended from Chatham to Bathurst.
Wonderful revivals were reported under A. McNutt and H. Pick
ard in 1841, spreading to Boiestown, and in 1862 to .64 under
Revs. W. W. Percival, W. H. Heartz and C. B. Pitblado. It is said
that the principal human agent in the revival at Newcastle was
the wife of the Hon. Peter Mitchell, a most devoted Christian
woman. In 1832, steps were taken to build a church and it was
so far advanced that services began in it in November of that
year. After the great revivals of 1862 the church became too
small and a new one was built in 1866. It was remodelled and a

NEW BRUNSWICK 191

tower added in 1894. In 1920, extensive renovation took place
and a school-room basement was constructed. Newcastle and
Chatham continued as parts of the Miramichi circuit until 1875
when each became the head of a new circuit, with a married man
at Chatham and a single man at Newcastle for the first few
years. The Newcastle pastors, beginning with 1875, have been as
follows: 1875, J. Crisp; 1876, E. Jenkins; 1878, G. M. Camp
bell; 1879, G. Steel; 1881, T. Pierce; 1884, F. W. Harrison; 1885,
D. Chapman; 1886, S. H. Rice; 1887, J. A. Clark; 1890, G. Har
rison; 1893, L. S. Johnson; 1894, J. Crisp; 1896, J. A. Clark;
1899, G. W. Fisher; 1900, F. H. W. Pickles; 1902, G. C. P. Palm
er; 1903, H. Johnson; 1906, H. C. Rice; 1909, W. J. Dean; 1912,
W. Harrison; 1916, C. W. Squires; 1918, F. T. Bertram; 1920,
J. B. Champion; 1923, A. W. Brown.

A new parsonage was built in 1886 at a cost of $1,600. The
church was reconstructed during the pastorate of James Crisp
(1894-96) the preachers at the reopening being Revs. J. Read and
Mr. Aitkin (Presbyterian).

Maple Glen, ten miles northward, is the only outside ap
pointment.

Derby — This field, formerly a part of the Newcastle circuit,
first appears in the Minutes in 1881. The parsonage is at Miller-
ton. A new church was dedicated at Derby on November 19th,
1893, H. Penna being pastor, and the preachers being Revs. L. S.
Johnson and Geo. Steel. The church cost $2,300. A new church
at English Settlement, under the pastorate of E. Rowlands, was
dedicated in June of 1920, the preachers being Revs. G. Steel, J.
A. Ives, and W. H. Heartz, the latest of whom began his ministry
here, as a part of the old Miramichi circuit, fifty-eight years pre
viously. The new church cost about $5,000.

The pastors have been as follows: 1881, I. N. Parker; 1884,
C. S. Wells; 1886, H. R. Baker; 1889, T. Allen; 1892, H. Penna;
1896, W. B. Thomas; 1897, F. Frizzle; 1900, J. F. Estey; 1903,
J. S. Gregg; 1907, J. F. Rowley; 1909, H. Harrison; 1912, J. A.
Ives; 1916, E. Rowlands; 1920, H. Scott; 1924, R. M. Brodie.

English Settlement, and Williamstown are appointments on
this circuit.

The ministers of the old Miramichi circuit who visited Eng
lish Settlement, half a century ago, all united to pay high tribute
to the memory of Mrs. Shaddick, a most devoted Christian wo
man who came from Devonshire, England, with her husband and

192 HISTORY OF .METHODISM

two sons. Her chief treasures were her Bible and Hymn-book.
For five years she conducted religious services in her home to
which she invited her neighbors, until, in answer to her prayers,
this community in the wilderness was visited by the Rev. S. D.
Rice then (1837-40) stationed at Chatham. He was received by
the good woman as an angel from Heaven. He found a people
prepared of the Lord, through the agency of this godly woman,
and English Settlement was put on the plan as a monthly ap
pointment. "Dame Shaddick", as she was sometimes called, had
a great affection for the ministers of the Gospel, and all who
shared the hospitality of her home bear testimony to her great
piety and zeal in planting the house of the Lord in a wilderness,
and making it sacred by the Divine presence secured through her
prayers of faith and labors of love.

i i

Baie du Vin — This mission appeared in the Minutes of 1875
with "One to be sent"; 1876, T. L. Williams; 1877, W. B. Thorn-
as; 1879, S. E. Colwell; 1880, C. S. Wells; 1881, S. Howard; 1882,
S. B. Gregg. It does not appear after 1882.

Tabusintac — This mission appeared in the Minutes of 1878
with "One to be sent"; 1879, H. Penna; 1880-81, Supply; 1882,
G. F. Dawson; 1884, J. W. Tait; 1885-1901, irregular Supply;
1902, H. Johnson; 1904, E. S. Weeks; 1906, Supply; 1907, G. S.
Patterson; 1909, F. H. M. Holmes; 1910, C. F. Stebbings; 1911-
17, Supply; 1918, W. B. Leard; 1919-23, Supply; 1924, Co-opera
tion with Presbyterians.

Richibucto — Methodism was introduced to this community
on the last Sunday in September, 1832, by Enoch Wood, who
preached in the Court house. He was followed two months later
by H. Daniel who formed a society with twelve members. It was
visited more or less regularly till 1841 when it was formed into a
circuit with F. Smallwood as pastor. Between 1840 and 1850 the
names of H. Pickard, R'd Sheppard, R. A. Chesley, J. Taylor,
and J. Prince are mentioned as ministering to this community.
We then find the following as pastors: 1850, R. A. Temple;
1853, G. B. Payson; 1854, T. B. Smith; 1857, D. D. Curry; 1859,
J. L. Sponagle; 1860, S. F. Huestis; 1861, D. Chapman; 1864, J.
Cassidy; 1867, W. Tweedy; 1868, J. S. Coffin; 1870, C. Jost;
1872, R. W. Weddall; 1874, J. A. Duke; 1877, 1. N. Parker; 1880,
I. Howie; 1883, W. J. Kirby; 1886, S. James; 1889, J. Seller;

IIS

1892, J. S. Allen; 1896, W. Lawson; 1900, A. D. McLeod; 1902,
H. R. Baker; 1903, J. F. Estey; 1906, J. B. Young; 1910, T.
Pierce; 1914, A. Whiteside; 1915, B. O. Hartman; 1917, Supply;
1918, T. Pierce (Sup'y) ; 1920, G. Orman (Sup'y) ; 1923, W. R.
Pepper (Sup'y) ; 1924, A. D. McCully (Sup'y) .

A new church was dedicated at Molus River, in the pastor
ate of S. James, on February 5th, 1888, by the Rev. Dr. Stewart.
The site was donated by John Miller.

Buctouche — Previous to 1891 this community was part of
the Richibucto circuit. The new church was dedicated in Octo
ber, 1889, during the Richibucto pastorate of J. Seller, at a cost
of $2,000. The preachers were Revs. J. A. Clark and G. M.
Campbell.

Since it became a separate circuit the pastors have been:
1891, N. McLauchlan; 1894, E. Ramsay; 1897, C. H. Mana-
ton; 1900, A. E. LePage; 1903, A. Lucas; 1906, R. Opie; 1910, J.
B. Young; 1914, W. Lawson; 1918, J. L. Lund; 1922, G. A. D.
Elliott.

The appointments on this circuit are Buctouche, Little Riv-
er, Coatesville, and Notre Dame.

Harcourt — Weld ford and several adjacent settlements were
detached from Richibucto in 1886 to constitute a circuit under
the name of Weldford and the circuit name was changed in 1892
to Harcourt. The pastors have been as follows: 1886, J. W.
Tait; 1887, A. C. Bell; 1890, F. A. Wightman; 1893, J. W. Me-
Connell; 1896, W. E. Johnson; 1899, D. B. Bayley; 1902, J. Gold
smith; 1905, J. B. Champion; 1907, C. H. Manaton; 1910, W. B.
Thomas; 1911, E. H. Creed; 1913, A. D. McLeod; 1916, C. F.
Stebbings; 1920, C. W. Kierstead; 1921, Supply; 1923, A. C. Bell
(Sup'y).

A new church was dedicated at Harcourt on January 8, 1893,
in the pastorate of F. A. Wightman, Revs. F. H. W. Pickles and
W. J. Howard being the preachers. A parsonage was bought in
1889, during the pastorate of A. C. Bell. The property included
twenty acres of land, part of which was set apart as a cemetery
and part sold towards the debt of the church.

Extensive revivals occurred at Beersville and Clairville in
the years from 1887 to 1890, during the pastorate of A. C. Bell
and at Ford's Mills in 1890 under F. A. Wightman.

194 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Bathurst — Methodism was introduced to this community by
Rev. Michael Pickles in August of 1830, while on his way to visit
a little colony of Irish Methodists settled at New Bandon. Ar
riving at Bathurst at 9 o'clock on Saturday night the gospel-
hungry people urged him to preach which he did and also on Sun
day morning, and afterwards was driven by Richard Dawson to
New Bandon, where he was welcomed with great rejoicing. The
community was visited by Enoch Wood and A. McNutt during
the two following years and in 1832 Joseph F. Bent was appoint
ed to this field which extended to Dalhousie (54 miles) and
Campbellton (70 miles). A church was begun in 1832 and dedi
cated in March, 1834. This was replaced by a more commodious
church in 1875, in the pastorate of J. S. Phinney. Another church
was dedicated on January 19th, 1879, during the pastorate of I.
Howie, the preachers being Revs. H. McKeown and W. W. Brew
er. This church was enlarged and practically rebuilt during the
pastorate of F. A. Wightman and was re-dedicated on May 13th,
1917, the special preacher being H. A. Goodwin. The Revs. A.
E. Kinley, J. D. Carey (Bpt.) and W. M. Matthews (Presbytn.)
also took part in the services of the day. A church at Tetea-
gouche was dedicated on August 22, 1866. The church at New
Bandon was dedicated on April 5th, 1885, Dr. Sprague, pastor,
and R. W. Weddall, the preacher. A new church was dedicated
at Salmon Beach on June 4th, 1911, Dr. Sprague (President of
the Conference) and W. Harrison being the preachers, and J. M.
Rice the pastor. Teteagouche, New Bandon, Salmon Beach, and
Canobie are the outside appointments.

The pastors have been as follows: 1832, J. F. Bent; 1833,
R. Douglas; 1835, W. Bannister; 1837, W. Leggett; 1840, A. Mc
Nutt; 1843, R. Sheppard; 1844, W. Leggett; 1846, R. A. Chesley;
1847, C. Lockhart; 1850, J. Prince; 1853, R. A. Temple; 1856, W.
C. Beals; 1859, C. Gaskin; 1860, W. W. Perkins; 1862, W. Per-
kin; 1863, R. Tweedy; 1866, W. Alcorn; 1869, R. Weddall; 1872,

C. H. Paisley; 1875, J. S. Phinney; 1876, W. W. Brewer; 1877,
I. Howie; 1880, I. N. Parker; 1881, R. W. Weddall; 1884, H.
Sprague; 1887, J. M .Tredrea; 1889, J. S. Allen; 1892, J. Seller;
1895, W. Harrison; 1900, J. Goldsmith; 1904, R. Opie; 1907, A.

D. McCully; 1910, J. M. Rice; 1913, F. A. Wightman; 1917, G.
A. Rose; 1921, H. C. Rice; 1925, Neil MacLauchlan.

Campbellton (formerly Dalhousie} — Methodism was intro
duced into Restigouche County by Robert A. Chesley in 1844.

NEW BRUNSWICK 195

Preachers from Bathurst and the Miramichi visited the place
from time to time and held services in the house of Frank Ma-
lone. The first church was built in 1851 during the pastorate of
John Prince at Bathurst. The first settled pastor was James
Tweedy. During the pastorate of G. W. Fisher a new and larger
church was erected on the same site. The corner-stone was laid
by Douglas Chapman on May 4th, 1886. A church was also
built at Deeside. At Eel River, services were held in the home
of Robert Miller and later in a hall. In 1895, a new church was
built at Escuminac during the pastorate of W. A. Thompson. In
1902, during the pastorate of H. E. Thomas, a parsonage was
built adjoining the church. Both church and parsonage were
destroyed by fire in the great conflagration that swept the town
in June of 1910 during the pastorate of G. Morris. Notwithstand
ing the great loss and the destruction of so many of the homes of
the people they laid the corner-stone of a new church on July
2nd of the same year and this was the first church in the burned
town to rise above its foundation. Both church and parsonage
were built and a fine organ installed in the church. Campbellton
has given two men — Geo. F. Dawson and G. Elliottr— to the
ministry.

The following have been pastors at Campbellton: 1855,
James Tweedy; 1857-60, Supplied from Bathurst; 1861, G. Har
rison; 1862, J. J. Colter; 1863, I. N. Parker; 1866, R. H. Taylor;
1868-74, Supplied from Bathurst; 1875, J. Ellis; 1876, W. Penna.
In 1877 name of circuit was changed from Dalhousie to Camp
bellton; 1877, W. Tippett; 1880, S. B. Gregg; 1881, C. S. Wells;
1884, C. W. Dutcher; 1885, G. W. Fisher; 1888, B. Chappell;
1889, W. Tippett; 1890, G. C. P. Palmer; 1892, J. W. McConnell;
1893, W. C. Matthews; 1894, W. A. Thompson; 1899, J. A. Ives:
1901, H. E. Thomas; 1905, W. A. Thompson; 1908, W. B. Thom
as; 1910, G. Morris; 1912, C. W. Squires; 1916, G. M. Young;
1920, F. A. Boothroyd; 1924, W. S. Godfrey.

Gaspe and Cape Ozo — These communities are in the pro
vince of Quebec but because it was supposed they could be more
easily supplied with ministers from the N. B. and P. E. I. Con
ference they were attached to that Conference. Sometimes they
have been worked as separate missions and sometimes united.
Unfortunately they have sometimes been left without an ap
pointment. The preaching places are Cape Ozo, Grand Greve,
Rose Bridge, Gaspe and Douglastown. There are two parson-

196 HISTORY OF METHODISM

ages, one at Cape Ozo and one at Gaspe. The leading lay work'
ers are Samuel LeHuquet, James Guignion, Moses Simon, Wil
liam Simon, John LeHuquet and Charles Simpson. The little
band of devoted Protestant Christians, living in this region are
of French Huguenot blood and a large proportion of the older
people came from Jersey, in the Channel Islands. They live in a
most picturesque country and are a very worthy and industrious
people.

Since they became connected with the N. B. and P. E. I.
Conference the following have been stationed there: Gaspe —
1907, Walter J. Dean; 1909, John J. Durrant; 1910, Edwin H.
Creed; 1911, W. B. Thomas; 1912, Gaspe and Cape Ozo, W. B.
Thomas; 1914, O. H. Peters; 1915, Willis B. Leard; 1916, A.
Claire Motyer at Gaspe and W. B. Leard at Cape Ozo; 1917, W.
B. Leard, both places combined; 1918, Henry Scott, resident at
Cape Ozo; 1920, Gaspe, Summer Supply and Cape Ozo, Supply.

Cape Ozo— 1909, Herbert F. Ball; 1910 and 1911, J. F. Row
ley; 1916, W. B. Leard; 1921, Bruce Carew; 1923, W. Vey; 1924,
R. Henry Baxter; 1925, H. C. Upton. For other years see where
Gaspe and Cape Ozo were connected.

SACKVILLE DISTRICT

Sackville — Methodism in this church and college centre
dates from 1772 when a number of English immigrants purchased
lands and settled in the community. They had been converted
under Wesley's ministry and welcomed the fellowship of other
English Methodist settlers of Point de Bute. In 1781, and the
two following years, William Black held evangelistic services in
this and neighboring communities and many persons were con
verted. On his removal to other portions of his extended parish,
which included all the Maritime Provinces, and beyond, he was
succeeded, in 1787, by Wm. Grandin and he was followed by
James Mann and later by James Wray. In 1790, the first
Methodist church in the community, and the second in Canada,
was erected and dedicated by James Mann. In 1809, John Faw-
cett was appointed leader of a class. In 1815, a weekly prayer
meeting was organized by Joseph Avard, local preacher and class
leader. Revivals of power occurred in 1823, 36, 39, and 41.

After being connected for years with the Cumberland and
Westmorland circuits, the circuit was called Sackville in 1839.

NEW BRUNSWICK 197

Sackville had been the head of the circuit since 1812 when Wm.
Bennett took up his abode in the newly erected stone parsonage.
The following is the record of the church and parsonage building
on the circuit: 1790, (July), opening of the first church on a
site beside the old cemetery between Sackville and Middle Sack
ville. The preacher of the day was the pastor, Rev. James Mann.
1812, a brick Mission house or parsonage was built on the site of
Mrs. H. Copp's home on Squire St. 1818, (Feb.), opening of a
new chapel. It was a brick building and stood on a lot at the
rear of the present Opera House in Sackville. The old chapel
near Middle Sackville was taken down and rebuilt at Upper
Sackville on a site deeded by Wm. Fawcett. 1838, (Jan.), open
ing of a third chapel, on the present site. Preacher at the services
was Rev. Richard Williams, Supt. of District. 1842, (Oct.) , re
opening of chapel after being enlarged to accommodate the stu
dents of the Male Academy. An addition of fifteen feet was
made to the length, and side galleries were erected. Preacher for
the day was Rev. E. Wood. 1852, the brick parsonage was replac
ed by a wooden building on the same site. 1857, the first organ
used in the services — a Mason & Hamlin, which is still used in
the primary department of the Sunday School. 1876, (Oct. 6),
opening of the fourth church, on the present site. Preachers for
the day, Rev. Dr. Douglas, Revs. J. R. Narraway and R. Dun
can. The old church was moved down Main Street to a new site,
where it was used as a hall until burned. The basement of the
new church was used for services as early as January, 1875.
1877, the pipe-organ was placed in the church by "members of
the family of the late Mariner Wood." 1866, present parsonage
was built. The former parsonage was sold to Mr. H. Copp, the
builder of the new one. 1898, (Dec. 11) , re-opening of the church
in its present form. Preachers for the day, Rev. Dr. Sprague and
Rev. Wm. Dobson. (Dec. 18), preachers on a second Sunday,
Rev. Dr. Brecken and Dr. Chapman.

The organ when replaced was thoroughly overhauled by ita
builder, Mr. Holbrook, of Boston. The bell was presented by
Mrs. Joseph L. Black.

A church was built at Wood Point in 1838 and one at Cook-
ville in June, 1877. A new church at Upper Sackville was dedi
cated by Dr. Knight in 1855. Sunday Schools at Sackville and
Upper Sackville were organized in 1833. The names of Dixon.
Fawcett, Trueman, Wood, Allison, Black and Bowser have long
been influentially connected with Sackville Methodism.

198 HISTORY OF METHODISM

The connection of Sackville with the Mount Allison Institu
tions will be referred to in a separate chapter.

The ministerial record is as follows: Wm. Black, James
Mann, Thos. Whitehead, J. A. Bishop, Jas. Mann, Benj. Wilson;
J. Cooper, Joshua Marsden, W. Bennett, T. Oliphant, 1811, Wm.
Bennett; 1813, S. Bamford; 1816, J. Dunbar; 1818, Jas. Priestly;
1819, J. B. Strong; 1821, J. Priestly; 1823, S. Bamford and W.
Murray; 1826, W. Temple; 1828, S. Busby; 1830, W. Smithson
and A. W. McLeod; 1833, M. Pickles and R. Douglas; 1835, J'.
B. Strong; 1837, R. Williams, J. F. Bent and W. Bannister; 1839,
H. Daniel; 1841, R. Sheppard; 1843, A. McNutt; 1846, W. Mil
ler; 1849, J. G. Hennigar; 1853, John Allison and D. D. Currie;
1854, W. Temple; 1857, J. R. Narraway and H. Holland; 1858,
J. R. Narraway and Stephen Humphrey; 1860, C. DeWolfe;
1861, J. Snowball; 1863, E. Botterell; 1864, A. W. Nicolson; 1867,
S. W. Sprague; 1870, E. Brettle; 1873, Joseph Hart; 1876, H.
Pickard; 1877, D. Chapman; 1880, W. W. Percival; 1881, Job
Shenton; 1882, J. S. Phinney; 1884, R. W. Weddall; 1887, R.
Brecken; 1888, J. S. Allen; 1889, F. W. Harrison; 1892, W. Har
rison; 1895, S. Howard; 1899, H. Sprague; 1902, G. Steel; 1906,
J. L. Dawson; 1910, J. A. Rogers; 1911, S. Howard; 1915, G. J.
Bond; 1916, H. E. Thomas; 1920, W. M. Ryan; 1922, J. H. Philp.

Tantramar— The first appearance of this mission on the
Minutes was in 1875 with Geo. Steel as pastor, under Joseph
Hart, of Sackville, and he remained in 1876. It was supplied in
.77 and .78 by H. J. Clarke; .79, by H. R. Pepper; .82, by A. R.
B. Shrewsbury; .83 and .84, by J. A. Duke; .89, by E. S. Barker;
1897, D. W. Chowen; .98, by J. A. Ives; 99, by W. R. Pepper,
Jnr. In all other years it has been supplied from Sackville.

Point de Bute — Methodism came directly to this community
from England and Point de Bute and Sackville (with surrounding
communities in Cumberland), were the first places in which it
was established in Canada. Methodist immigrants from York
shire arrived in 1772-3-4 and 5. They held services among them
selves and Point de Bute Methodism became organized into a
society in 1779. In 1788, the first Methodist church in Canada
was erected here. The deed of the land was dated September
18th, 1788, sold to John Wesley for five shillings by Wm. Chap
man. The church was built of stone, with thatched roof, and was
situated in the present cemetery. It was built during the minis-

NEW BRUNSWICK 199

try of James Mann and dedicated by him. This community was
visited frequently by Wm. Black, the Manns (Jas. and John),
and all the early pioneer preachers. We find settled appoint
ments reaching back to 1800 with Joshua Marsden as minister.
Then follow 1803, W. Bennett; 1806, S. Bamford; 1809, J. Know-
Ian; 1812, W. Bennett; 1818, J. Priestly; 1823, S. Bamford; 1826,
W. Temple; 1828, W. Webb; 1830, W. Smithson; 1833, A. Mc-
Leod; 1834, R. Douglas; 1836, J. F. Bent; 1838, R. Williams;
1840, W. Leggett; 1842, G. Miller; 1843, R. Williams; 1844, S.
Busby; 1847, W. Smithson; 1850, Geo. Johnson; 1853, W. Smith;
1856, T. H. Davies; 1859, J. Snowball; 1861, M. Pickles; 1863,
C. Stewart; 1865, Geo. Butcher; 1866, R. Duncan; 1868, W. Wil
son; 1870, J. G. Angwin; 1873, D. Chapman; 1876, E. Mills;
1879, G. W. Fisher; 1882, T. Marshall; 1885, W. W. Lodge; 1887,
J. Crisp; 1891, F. H. W. Pickles; 1894, J. A. Clark; 1896, T. L.
Williams; 1897, J. Seller; 1898, D. Chapman; 1901, T. Marshall;
1904, C. Flemington; 1908, T. Hicks; 1912, W. J. Kirby; 1916,
G. Ormon; 1920, J. F. Rowley; 1924, C. Flemington. Up till 1840
Point de Bute and Sackville were parts of one circuit. The first
church was built in 1788, the second in 1822, close to the first,
the third in 1881 on a new site. The present church was dedicat
ed on December 18th, 1881, during the pastorate of G. W. Fisher
and the preachers were Dr. Stewart, R. Duncan, W. Dobson, and
J. Shenton, the services extending over Sunday and Monday.
This church was renovated during the pastorate of Thomas
Hicks (1908-12) and at the reopening Dr. Sprague and S. How
ard were the preachers. Early in 1897, Rev. T. L. Williams, the
pastor, and Richard Carter went gunning and both lost their
lives. The body of Mr. Williams was found in the boat at Wood
Point, but that of his companion was not found.

In 1909, an excellent bell was presented to the church by the
Rev. Geo. W. Fisher, of St. John's, Quebec, in memory of his wife
who died in 1888 and was buried at Point de Bute. It was rung
for the first time on January 18th of 1909.

A new church was erected at Jolicure and dedicated on Feb
ruary 10th, 1884, during the pastorate of Thomas Marshall. The
preachers were Rev. J. S. Phinney, W. Dobson and G. W. Fisher.
About this time eight churches in eight years had been erected
in Westmorland and Albert.

From this old Point de Bute circuit many men and women
have gone out into positions of great usefulness both in church
and state and have done high honor to the place of their birth

200 HISTORY OF .METHODISM

and the church which nurtured them. Amongst these is George
J. Trueman, Ph.D., the honored President of Mount Allison Uni
versity.

A ceremony of much interest occurred at Point de Bute on
May 30th, 1925, when the members of both the Nova Scotia and
the New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island Conferences,
meeting respectively at Amherst and S-ackville, assembled to un
veil a handsome stone arched gateway fronting the spot on which
the first Methodist church in Canada was erected. On either side
of the arch is a bronze tablet, one commemorating the historic
fact of the building of the church in 1788 and the other in mem
ory of Rev. William Black, the pioneer Methodist preacher of
Canada, who began his itinerant ministry in 1781. The Black
tablet was donated by W. A. Black, Esq., M. P., of Halifax, a
descendant of Rev. Wm. Black. This tablet was unveiled by
Mrs. Trueman, the venerable mother of President Trueman of
Mount Allison University, and the other by Hon. Dr. Josiah
Wood, ex-Governor of New Brunswick. An interesting historic
address was delivered by President Trueman.

Baie Verte — This community was first part of the Cumber
land circuit and for many years connected with Point de Butes
but in 1858 Douglas Chapman was appointed second preacher
with special reference to that section. It became a separate cir
cuit in 1860 with James Tweedy as pastor. Referring to Rev.
James Dunbar and his visits to Baie Verte, in 1818, it is written:
"Dunbar now preached to them once in each fortnight, and saw
the society grow to twice its previous number, with comfortable
accommodation in a neat little church." A very gracious revival
of religion was experienced at Point de Bute and Baie Verte in
1844. The second church was erected in 1839, and the present
commodious church in 1883, in the pastorate of Robt. Wilson. It
was dedicated on February llth, the preachers being J. S. Phin-
ney, W. J. Kirby and R. Wilson. A six hundred pound bell and
a fine new organ were installed.

This circuit has contributed Messrs. J. K. King, C. W. Ham
ilton, E. C. Turner, W. Costain, and H. A. Goodwin, and probab
ly others, to the ministry of the Methodist church.

When Joseph Avard, the able and devoted local preacher,
whose ministry was made a blessing to many, throughout Cum
berland and Westmorland had grown old, two other local preach
ers were raised up in this region to take his place. Gustavus

NEW BRUNSWICK 201

Hamilton arrived from Ireland in 1824. He was the ancestor of
the late Rev. C. W. Hamilton and of Miss Gertrude Hamilton,
missionary in Japan, and also of the Rev. Gustavus Colpitts of
Manitoba. Edward Wood, grandson of a Yorkshire Methodist
was, in 1831, recommended by the ministers of New Brunswick
to the Missionary Committee in London as a candidate for the
ministry, but his position as a widower with children led to his
non-acceptance from financial reasons. For fifty years he ren
dered great service to Methodism. Through him a Methodist
society was organized at Cape Tormentine. Traditions of his
zeal still linger about Baie Verte. It was a common thing for
him to work hard on his farm all the week and then on Saturday
evening walk twenty miles to the Cape, preach all day Sunday
and walk back home on Sunday night. He has numerous rela
tives living in Westmorland. His son Cyrus became a minister
of the Methodist Episcopal Church in New York State.

A Church built at Lorneville in 1863 by Rev. A. S. Tuttle
was renovated and reopened on June 10, 1906, the preachers be
ing Revs. Prof. Watson and A. T. Fisher (Presbyterian). A new
church was dedicated at Port Elgin, on Aug. 9th, 1891, during
the pastorate of Levi S. Johnson, the preachers being Revs. S. T.
Teed, J. W. Fraser (P) and W. Y. Chapman (P). This church
was thoroughly renovated in 1922 by a generous bequest of $1000
from the late Mr. Hazen Copp, and was reopened on Nov. 12th.

The following is the list of preachers since Baie Verte be
came a separate circuit: 1860, James Tweedy; 1863, W. Alcorn;
1866, Alex. S. Tuttle; 1868, Wm. Wilson; 1869, D. B. Scott, as
sisted in 1871 by G. W. Fisher; 1872, S. T. Teed, assisted in .72
by W. Baines and in .73 by John Ellis; 1874, George Harrison,
assisted in .74 by J. Ellis, and in .75 and .76 by Thos. Hicks;
1878, J. S. Allen, assisted in .79 by A. D. McCully; 1880, R. Wil
son; 1883, S. R. Ackman; 1885, S. T. Teed; 1888, D. Chapman;
1890, L. S. Johnson; 1893, W. B. Thomas; 1896, S. James; 1899,
S. Howard; 1902, W. A. Thomson; 1905, B. O. Hartman; 1907, J.
S. Gregg; 1908, A. E. Chapman; 1912, C. K. Hudson; 1916, H.
Miller; 1920, A. E. Chapman; 1924, E. Rowlands.

Bay field — Methodism in Bayfield owes much to Allen Wells,
Richard Trenholm and John Rayworth. "At Bayfield in 1848-
49 many persons were led to decision for God, and by similar
subsequent revivals large numbers in other settlements were
guided into church fellowship."

202 HISTORY OF METHODISM

In 1872, Baie Verte was given a second preacher to live in
the Bayfield section. This continued for eight years, the young
men being John Ellis, Thos. Hicks, Thos. Stebbings and A. D.
McCully. In 1880, Bayfield was made a separate circuit. The
first Methodist Church in Bayfield village was erected about
1838. It was replaced by the present large and well-appointed
building in 1888-89. The original church at Upper Cape, ten
miles from Bayfield, was built at about the same time as the first
Bayfield church (1838).

A new church was dedicated at Upper Cape on August 21st,
1892, in the pastorate of C. W. Hamilton, costing $1800, the
preachers being Revs. T. J. Deinstadt, W. Harrison, and L. S.
Johnson.

A new church was also dedicated at Cadman's Corner, in
the pastorate of Mr. Hamilton, on Oct. 7th, 1894, the preachers
being Revs. J. A. Clark and C. W. Hamilton. The site was dona
ted by James Anderson. The first and only church at Cape Spear
is the present one which was erected in 1886.

Congregations on the Bayfield circuit represent a "sprinkl
ing" of Presbyterians, Baptists, Anglicans, but the Methodists
out-number all these put together. There is a Baptist church at
Cape Tormentine (one and a half miles from Bayfield) but i£
has not had a regular supply for several years. The Car Ferry
crossing from Cape Tormentine to Point Borden (P. E. I.) has
made the Bayfield circuit more important than hitherto as Cape
Tormentine has become a popular summer resort, where scores of
people spend their vacations.

The present excellent parsonage property at Bayfield was
secured during the pastorate of W. J. Kirby (1880-83).

The following is the list of pastors, since this circuit was
separated from Baie Verte: 1880, W. J. Kirby; 1883, W. Penna;
1886, T. Stebbings; 1889, A. D. McCully; 1892, C. W. Hamilton:
1895, A. C. Bell; 1897, E. Ramsay; 1902, J. B. Champion; 1904,
W. Lawson; 1907, E. E. Styles; 1909, M. R. Knight; 1912, B. O.
Hartman; 1915, A. Whiteside; 1917, J. A. Ives; 1919, W. B.
Leard; 1921, E. S. Weeks.

Moncton — The old Shepody and Petitcodiac circuit included
the whole of Albert County and a considerable part of Westmor
land, and "The Bend," or Moncton (in earliest minutes Monk-
ton"), was one of its appointments. In 1839, a parsonage was
built at Coverdale which for years was the head of the circuit.

.NEW BRUNSWICK 203

Subsequent to 1821 the history of Methodism in Moncton was
closely associated with the old meeting-house that stood at the
head of Steadman Street. In that year Wm. Steadman, a promi
nent Baptist of the community, deeded to Ichabod Lewis and
Solomon Trites, trustees, a lot of land on "the highway west of the
school house, on which was to be built by the residents of The
Bend a House of Worship to be called and known by the name of
The Free Meeting House." Here the Methodist congregation
worshipped for many years, and among the ministers who
preached in the homes of the people and later in the Free Meet
ing-house were Revs. Michael Pickles, Sampson Busby, Joseph
F. Bent, Wm. Murray, Arthur McNutt, Wesley C. Beals, Alex.
W. McLeod, Peter Sleep, Wm. Tweedy, Wm. Allen, Samuel Mc-
Master, Robert A. Chesley, Robert Tweedy, and others. In
1844, the Methodists began to think of building a church for
themselves and a lot was secured on Maine Street and in 1848 a
church was completed and dedicated under the pastorate of Robt.
Chesley. A neat parsonage was built during the same year. The
head of the circuit was now transferred to Moncton, the circuit
including Moncton, Upper and Lower Coverdale, Dover, Lutz
Mountain, North River, Shediac, and Shediac Road. Two men
were appointed to the circuit one of them residing at Coverdale.
In 1848, they were Robert Chesley and William Tweedy, follow
ed by James Taylor. Beginning with 1855, the date of the forma
tion of the old Eastern British American Conference, the list of
pastors has been as follows: 1855, James Taylor; 1856, Alex.
McL. DesBrisay and Robt. Tweedy; 1857, Wm. Temple and R.
Tweedy; 1858, Wm. Temple. In 1858, Coverdale became a sep
arate circuit, associated with Hopewell, so that Moncton appear
ed with only one minister. Then followed: 1859, Jeremiah V.
Jost; 1862, Geo. M. Barratt; 1864, Thos. B. Smith; 1865, Wm.
McCarty; 1868, Robt. Duncan; 1870, John Prince; 1871, I. E.
Thurlow; 1873, Thos. J. Deinstadt; 1876, D. D. Currie; 1879.
R. Duncan; 1885, R. S. Crisp; 1888, G. M. Campbell; 1891, J.
Read. In 1891, Wesley Memorial was built and the circuit divid
ed. Central Church continued with (1894) W. W. Brewer;
1897, W. W. Lodge; 1900, Geo. W. Fisher; 1903, J. W. McCon-
nell; 1906, J. Strothard; 1910, J. L. Batty; 1913, H. A. Goodwin;
1917, Wm. Barraclough; 1921, E. Val Tilton; 1925, H. Irvine.

Various changes took place in the Moncton circuit. Cover-
dale, which, in 1858, was separated from Moncton, became
identified with it again in 1867 and continued as the Moncton

204 HISTORY OF METHODISM

and Coverdale circuit till 1874 when Coverdale and the Moun
tains became a separate circuit. In 1867, North River and
Steeves Mountain were annexed to the Little River and Elgin
circuit. In 1873, Shediac and Shediac Road separated from
Moncton. In 1874, Moncton became self-supporting. The
church erected in 1848 had been twice enlarged but became too
small during the pastorate of T. J. Deinstadt. A site for a new
church was secured on Church Street and a commodious new
church was built and dedicated on Oct. 21st, 1877, in the pas
torate of D. D. Currie, by John Prince, President of the Confer
ence, the preachers being Revs. Dr. Ives of New York and Job
Shenton. In response to the financial appeal of Dr. Ives the peo
ple, with enthusiastic liberality, subscribed more than enough to
clear off the debt of $5,300, leaving $1,700 for the purchase of
the organ and a balance sufficient to carpet the whole church and
Sunday School room. A new parsonage was built, during the
same year, adjoining the church. The old church and parsonage
on Main Street were sold. In 1886, it was found necessary to
build an addition of twenty feet to the school-room which was
further enlarged in 1902. In 1889, the church again became too
small and relief was found by the erection of Wesley Memorial
Church in 1891.

The fire fiend seems to have had a spite on the Moncton
Church property. In 1883, a fire did some damage to the Sun
day School room. About 1899 a fire occurred in the library of
the parsonage, destroying the library of Rev. W. W. Lodge. On
Nov. 23rd, 1897, a disastrous fire occurred in Central Church,
which completely destroyed the splendid pipe organ which had
only been in use for four years, and did great damage to the
interior of the Church. The school-room, which was but slightly
damaged, was used until the church could be restored. It was
reopened in 1898 and a new organ installed. On Nov. 24th, 1914,
the church and school-room were completely destroyed by fire.
The pastor, H. A. Goodwin, and his officials, heroically and
promptly, decided to erect a large stone church and the corner
stone was laid on August 26, 1915, and the splendid new church
dedicated on Oct. 22nd, 1916.

During the building of the new church the congregation held
its Sunday services (until the completion of the S. S. Hall) in the
Empress Hall and other services in the Reformed Episcopal
Church. The Sunday School Hall was opened on April 2nd, 1916,
the preachers being H. A. Goodwin (pastor) and Rev. Geo. J.

NEW BRUNSWICK 205

Bond, with special S. S. afternoon service. At the dedication,
the Rev. Dr. S. D. Chown was the preacher for the day, assisted
in the services by Revs. Thos. Hicks (President), R. Opie
(Chairman), J. Strothard, W. Penna, and Thomas Stebbings.

In 1911, the parsonage was sold and removed, and a new
brick and concrete house erected on the old site. This congrega
tion has now one of the finest church plants in Canada, its offi
cials devise liberal things, and its devoted membership well con
serves the spiritual interests of the church.

Wesley Memorial — Moncton having become the head-quar
ters of the Intercolonial Railroad, its population increased rapid
ly after 1870 and church accommodation became congested so
that the different existing churches had to be enlarged or new
buildings erected. The Methodist Church had been several times
enlarged and, in 1890, was faced with the necessity of another
enlargement. At this opportune time, Mr. George R. Sangster,
whom God had prospered in his business, was led to consider how
he might, in some practical way, express his gratitude. Realizing
the necessity of greater church accommodation and considering
the extension of the city population into new districts, he offered
to furnish a site and erect and equip a church and parsonage on
the corner of St. George and Cameron Sts. at his personal expense.
The generous offer was gratefully accepted and the buildings
were erected in 1891. A special meeting for the organization of
the official board was held at the residence of Mr. Sangster, on
August llth, 1891, the Rev. T. J. Deinstadt, the first pastor, pre
siding. Thos. Fleetwood, John Williams, and W. T. Sands were
elected class-leaders, with G. R. Sangster as assistant; A. McN.
Shaw, Poor Steward; J. S. Rayworth, recording Steward, and
Harvey Atkinson, Superintendent of the Sunday School.

.A writer in the Moncton Times said:

"It was a memorable day in the experience of this new
church and congregation when, with ninety-nine members trans
ferred from Central Church and many others who united with
Wesley Memorial Church, they met to hold their first service
as a congregation.

It was in September, 1891, when the Rev. T. J. Deinstadt
called his people together outside the building for an open air ser
vice. Standing on the stone steps of the church under erection
the work benches of the masons, planks across them, being used
as seats, the people with joyful hearts listened to what might be

206 HISTORY OF METHODISM

called the first sermon to those who would become regular wor
shippers with this congregation.

On the following Sunday, services were held by the pastor
in the vestry, where the congregation continued to worship until
the completion of the main building.

On Sunday November 8th, 1891, the Rev. Dr. Hamilton of
the People's Church, Boston, Mass., preached to a filled church-
house, the first sermon in that new Mehodist Church, Moncton.
No doubt, there are some still living in 1924, who can remember,
with joy, the exercises and services of that delightful day. The
offering for the day reaching $1000.00 was devoted to the pur
chasing of furniture for the parsonage.

On Sunday, November 15th, the building was duly dedica
ted and set apart for public worship, Rev. G. M. Campbell
preaching the sermon and conducting the ceremony of the Dis
cipline.

The first organist was Miss Mary McCarthy, who had been
organist previously of the Main Street and Church Street
churches."

The recording stewards have been J. S. Rayworth, G. A. Mc-
William, and John Stewart. The Sunday School Superintendents
have been as follows: H. Atkinson, W. T. Sands, J. S. Rayworth,
J. N. Harvey, W. T. Sands, J. E. Barss, J. S. Magee, F. G. Wil
liams, G. H. Gorbell, F. G. Williams. The following have been
its pastors: 1891, T. J. Deinstadt; 1894, John Read; 1896, R. S.
Crisp; 1901, Wm. Penna; 1905, H. E. Thomas; 1907, J. J. Pink-
erton; 1911, W. G. Lane; 1914, P. A. Fitzpatrick; 1918, Ham
mond Johnson; 1822, G. W. F. Glendenning. At the end of the
first half year of this church's history it had a membership of 111
with six on trial. It has now (in 1924) a membership of 430.
From the beginning this church has been characterized with
much evangelistic activity and has abundantly justified the ad
venture of its generous founder.

Sunny Brae — This mission, neighboring Moncton, first ap
pears on the Minutes in 1890 with "One to be sent;" 1891 (Sup
ply, W. H. B.); 1892, J. B. Howard; 1893, J. C. Moore; 1894,
one to be sent; 1895, G. A. Ross; 1897, H. E. Thomas; 1898, B.
H. Balderston; 1899, J. B. Champion; 1902, H. C. Rice; 1906,
Supply; 1907, A. J. Gould; 1908, H. S. B. Strothard; 1911, J. E.
Shanklin; 1913, Supply; 1914, J. Crisp; 1918, H. S. Young; 1922,
J. L. Lund.

NEW BRUNSWICK 207

The first church at Sunny Brae was built in 1890 and en
larged in 1902. It was renovated and rededicated, on September
llth, 1921, during the pastorate of H. S. Young, the preachers
being Revs. Hammond Johnson, H. A. Goodwin, and Geo. A.
Ross, President of the Conference.

Shediac — This community was visited by clergymen at a
very early date. As far back as March, 1830, the Rev. Wm. Smith-
son was a frequent visitor to the Methodists of this District — the
first church being built in 1848. The deed of the land upon which
the first church stood on the Western side of the Main Road
leading from Dorchester to Richibucto is dated February 28,
1848, and is made between Philip Chapman and Sophia Mel-
eorae, his wife, of the first part, and Robert Atkinson, Richard
Hodgson of the Parish of Shediac, Robert A. Chesley, John
Humphrey, Robert Dobson of the Parish of Moncton, Charles
Black of the Parish of Moncton and Joseph Doherty of the Par
ish of Wellington, all of the Province of New Brunswick, of the
second part. The agreement was made in consideration of ten
shillings. However, by reference to the deed above mentioned,
we note that on the 6th day of August, 1839, by a certain mem
orandum, the property was leased for the building of a Chapel
or place of worship for the people called Methodists in the con
nection established by the late John Wesley." For some time
previous to 1879, services were held in Smith's Hall.

A Church was built on the present site in 1879. The Trus
tees were Adam Tait, W. B. Deacon and D. S. Harper. This
Church was destroyed by fire in 1891, while Rev. D. H. Lodge
was minister. A beautiful memorial window to George Tait, son
of Adam Tait, was placed in this building by his brother Alex
ander J. Tait. This was saved together with pulpit, desk and
chairs.

The present church was built in 1894 during the pastorate
of Rev. B. H. Balderston. Preachers at opening services were
Revs. W. W. Brewer, W. W. Weeks and John Read.

For several years, in its earlier history, the church was con
nected with Moncton and Dorchester. Among the earlier Minis
ters are the following: Wm. Allen, J. V. Jost, G. B. Payson, John
Prince, Wm. Temple, George Butcher, Wm. McCarty, Stephen
Humphrey, Robert Duncan, I. E. Thurlow, G. M. Campbell.

In 1873, the circuit appears in the minutes with, "One to be
sent." Beginning the year after, the ministerial record is as fol-

208

lows:— 1874, B. Chappell; 1876, R. Opie; 1878, C. S. Wells; 1879,
W. B. Thomas; 1880, T. Hicks; 1882, J. C. Berrie; 1883, B.
Chappell; 1885, D. D. Moore; 1886, A. D. McCully; 1889, J.
Pascoe; 1890, J. A. Clark; 1891, D. H. Lodge; 1894, B. H. Bal-
derston; 1895, W. C. Matthews; 1898, Isaac Howie; 1901, T.
Pierce; 1905, W. Penna; 1909, G. Earle; 1910, G. Steel; 1913, E.
C. Turner; 1917, R. W. Weddall; 1922, J. A. Ives; 1925, W. Fras-
er Munro.

Dorchester — Some of the original Yorkshire immigrants set
tled in this community and were visited by Wm. Black and other
pioneer preachers. Here resided Sarah Jane Chapman only sis
ter of William Black. In 1781 a burial ground was given by
John Weldon and on this same ground, a few years later, a
Methodist Church was built. Numerous accessions were made to
the church in 1829. On a Sunday morning in the autumn of that
year, as Joseph Avard was about to preach, a fire broke out ana
destroyed the building, which was the only church in the com
munity at that time. In December a new church was opened for
worship with sermons by Sampson Busby and Joseph Avard. The
historian says: "In 1851, from Dorchester came tidings of sad
declension. There the unsatisfactory site of the church, and the
gradual alienation, through the worldly influences of a county
town, of the youth of Methodist families, resulted in a loss
which earnest effort failed for years to arrest." The first Metho
dist preachers were non-resident, coming from Sackville. After
ward the assistant minister resided at Dorchester. Then the old
Westmoreland circuit was divided, and Shediac and Dorchester
formed a circuit until 1864 when Dorchester became the head
of a circuit having in following years, Rockport, Taylor Settle
ment, Memramcook and Fairfield as outposts.

In the autumn of 1875, the first Methodist sermon was
preached in Rockport by Geo. Steel in a dwelling house, fol
lowed by a sermon in the Baptist Church, by Rev. Joseph
Hart, of Sackville. In the following winter George Steel, as
sistant to Mr. Hart, held a series of meetings at Rockport and
Grand Ance, and Mr. and Mrs. Rufus C. Ward became devoted
members of the Church. When the Methodist ministers were ex
cluded from the Baptist Church, Mr. Ward and others fitted up
an unoccupied house for service. It was known as "The old
grey church." In June, 1877, a Sunday School was organized
with R. C. Ward as superintendent. Benjamin King donated the

'NEW BRUNSWICK 209

site for the new church which was dedicated on Dec. 12th, 1880.
On Sept. 28th, 1911, a tablet was placed in the church in memory
of Rufus C., and J. A. Ward by their sons and daughters. In 1921,
the Rockport church was thoroughly renovated by Reuben Ward,
in grateful memory of his parents Mr. and Mrs. Rufus Ward, the
originators of the church. The re-opening preacher was Rev,
George Steel, who had preached the first Methodist sermon in
the settlement forty five years before. Rockport was supplied
from Sackville and the Tantramar mission until 1890 when it
was added to Dorchester.

The Dorchester list of ministers is as follows: 1864, Geo.
Butcher; 1865, F. H. W. Pickles; 1866, C. Jost; 1867, W. C.
Brown; 1868, J. G. Angwin; 1870, R. A. Temple; 1873, W. Mc-
Carty; 1876, C. Comben; 1879, T. Marshall; 1882, S. R. Ack-
man; 1883, W. Harrison; 1886, J. Pascoe; 1888, S. T. Teed; 1891,
H. R. Baker; 1894, G. F. Dawson; 1897, W. B. Thomas; 1900,
W. Harrison; 1904, C. H. Manaton; 1910, J. Crisp; 1914, K.
Kingston; 1915, R. M. Brodie; 1916, C. K. Hudson; 1918, W. J.
Kirby (Sup'y) ; 1921-25, Supply.

Albert (formerly Hopewell) — Hopewell, early connected
with the Petitcodiac circuit, was visited by William Black and a
society was established there in 1782. He wrote, in that year,
that the 'zeal and love' of the members of the little church at
Hopewell gave him 'increased satisfaction.' Rev. W. Earley spent
the winter of 1791 there and at Hillsboro, travelling on foot, and
suffering much from exposure. Two classes were formed at
Hopewell in 1829. Then came a declension which continued for
some time with services abandoned. "In 1838 a lot of land and
a small sum of money were left by will for a Methodist Church
on condition that the Methodists should be the first to build. The
gift was accepted, but the church, which was the first in the new
ly formed county of Albert to boast of a spire, was not formally
opened for worship until an early Sabbath in 1847. In the par
ish of Hopewell, in 1839, though two thousand persons were scat
tered over its twenty miles of country, there was no resident
minister of any denomination. About that time Samuel Mc-
Masters (Methodist) began to give the parish one half of his
Sunday labor. A little later he reported increasing congregations
at Hillsboro', but wrote that at Hopewell persons were slow to
unite in church fellowship because of unwillingness to submit to
church discipline."

210 HISTORY OF METHODISM

i

Beginning with 1855, the ministerial record is as follows:
1855, R. Weddall; 1858, J. Buckley; 1861, R. Tweedy; 1863, R.
Wilson (Asa B. Waters assisting in 1865) ; 1866, J. Tweedy; 1869,
A. S. Tuttle; 1870, J. M. Pike; 1871, S. R. Ackman; 1873, R. H.
Taylor; 1874, W. Dobson; 1875, I. Howie; 1877, R. Wilson (S.
C. Wells assisting in 1879) ; 1880, W. Dobson and W. E. John
son; 1881, L. S. Johnson (assisted by C. Williams in .81 and J.
W. Tait in .82) ; 1883, L. S. Johnson. The name of the circuit
was changed in 1884 to Albert with D. D. Currie pastor; 1885.
J. S. Allen; 1888, J. Embree; 1891, W. B. Thomas; 1893, W. E.
Johnson; 1896, C. Comben; 1900, J. K. King; 1904, T. Hicks;
1908, W. J. Kirby; 1912, T. Stebbings; 1915, R. Opie; 1919, G.
Sellar; 1923, E. Ramsay; 1925, Co-operative, Dr. Munroe, Pres
byterian, pastor.

A church at Hopewell Hill was dedicated in 1865, the
preachers being Revs. Dr. DeWolfe, J. R. Narraway and Dr. C.
Stewart. It was renovated during the pastorate of Thomas Hicks
and reopened on March llth, 1906, the preachers being Revs.
Geo. Steel and Mr. Brown (Bapt).

A church was dedicated at Harvey on Jan'y 17th, 1847, by
Revs. F. Smallwood and Wm. Allen. The lot was donated by a
Mr. Redpath. The opening was followed by evangelistic ser
vices which resulted in many conversions. Rev. E.Ramsay, minis
ter on this circuit, died very suddenly on Sunday, Feb. 22, 1925.

Alma — This circuit is a branch of the old Hopewell circuit.
It is not known when the first church was built. A new church
was erected during the pastorate of T. L. Williams, (1884-87).
Another church was dedicated at Point Wolfe in 1880. Before
becoming a separate circuit, the following probationers were
stationed here: S. C. Wells, W. E. Johnson, Clement Williams,
and J. W. Tait. Alma appears as a separate circuit in 1883 with
A. C. Bell as pastor; 1884, T. L. Williams; 1887, A. E. LePage;
1889, S. A. Bailey; 1890, G. M. Young; 1891, W. P. Read; 1892.
A. D. McLeod; 1893, J. Dystant; 1894, A. E. Chapman; 1897.
J. B. Gough; 1898, Supply; 1899, H. S. Young; 1902, J. N. Wil
kinson; 1904, Supply; 1907, J. E. Shanklin; 1911, G. S. Helps:
1912-14, Supply; 1915, K. Kingston; 1918, J. Crisp; 1921, C. F.
Stebbings; 1925, Co-operative.

A great revival occurred at Alma in 1883 during the pastor
ate of A. C. Bell. The appointments on this mission are Alma.
West River, Point Wolfe and Hastings.

NEW BRUNSWICK 2,11

Hillsboro'— In Wm. Black's first visit, in 1781, to the Petit-
codiac he preached to the German settlers at Hillsborough and
converts among them were among the first fruits of his ministry.
W. Earley spent the winter of 1791 in that region and he reported
that intercourse with these German settlers gave him much satis
faction. Increasing congregations were reported in 184U.

The following ministers have been stationed at Hillsboro'
since it became a separate circuit: 1866, I. N. Parker; 1867, S.
Humphrey; 1870, D. Chapman; 1873, C. Comben; 1876, C. W.
Butcher; 1880, C. W. Hamilton; 1882, Geo. W. Fisher; 1885, C.
H. Paisley; 1888, T. Pierce; 1891, J. C. Berrie; 1894, D. H.
Lodge; 1895, Thos. Allen; 1899, S. James; 1903, I. N. Parker;
1907, W. Lawson; 1910, A. D. McLeod; 1914, H. Pierce; 1917,
G. W. Tilley; 1921, J. B. Gough; 1925, D. R. Chowen.

A new church was dedicated at Curryville, on November
12th, 1905, at a cost of $2,400, during the second pastorate of I.
N. Parker, the preachers being Rev. W. W. Lodge, A. Addison
(Bpt.) and George Steel.

Coverdale — Mention of this community is made in the early
annals of Methodism in New Brunswick, as will be seen in notes
on other circuits in Albert County. It was for some time the
head of the old Moncton-Coverdale circuit. It appeared first
in the Minutes, as the name of a circuit, in 1858.

This is the ministerial record: 1858, I. E. Thurlow; 1859,
Supply; 1860, T. D. Hart; 1861, E. Slackford; 1863, Benj. J.
Johnson; 1864, J. J. Colter; 1865, R. M. Smith; 1866, A. B, Wat
ers; 1867, united with Moncton and continued thus till 1874
when Coverdale and the Mountains became a separate mission.

Petitcodiac — The settlements along the Petitcodiac were vis
ited early by William Black and his associates. It was on his
first visit, in 1781, that he was prompted by the lack of variety
in his addresses, for the first time, with fear and trembling to
make use of a text of Scripture on which to found his discourse.
Some of his greatest successes in winning souls for Christ oc
curred in these communities. The old Petitcodiac was several
times divided into what now make up seven or eight circuits.

The present church was built during the pastorate of Aquila
Lucas (1878-81) and the parsonage in the pastorate of Wm.
Lawson (1881-84). I. N. Parker was the first pastor to occupy
the parsonage, which was in 1884.

212 HISTORY OF METHODISM

The following is the list of pastors since 1865: D. W. LeLa-
cheur; 1866, C. W. Dockrill; 1867, I. N. Parker; 1870, T. Allen;
1873, E. Mills; 1876, H. R. Baker; 1878, A. Lucas; 1881, W.
Lawson; 1884, I. N. Parker; 1887, C. Comben; 1890, A. C. Bell;
1892, W. A. Thompson; 1894, W. C. Matthews; 1895, T. Steb-
bings; 1897, H. R. Baker; 1901, I. Howie; 1904, E. Bell; 1908,
C. Flemington; 1912, A. E. Chapman; 1916, J. S. Gregg; 1920, A.
C. Bell; 1923, W. J. Domville.

Havelock — This community was organized into a mission in
1864 and given a preacher in 1865 and continued until 1881 when
It was amalgamated with Petitcodiac.

Salisbury — This circuit, which includes Salisbury, Lewis
Mountain, Coverdale, Colpitts, and Allison, was the scene of
great revivals in the early days. A remarkable work of grace
took place at Upper Coverdale, in 1828, under Wm. Murray, and
a small church, begun in 1826, was completed. This was the
first Methodist church to be erected between St. John and Dor
chester. In 1838, a second great revival took place at Coverdale
and a parsonage was built at that place in 1839. A church was
also built at Salisbury about 1841 which was afterwards trans
formed into a parsonage. A new church was dedicated at Salis
bury on January 2nd, 1876, during the pastorate of J. F. Betts,
the preachers being Revs. Dr. C. Stewart, Mr. Hogg (Presbytn) ,
assisted by Mr. Corey (Bpt.). The cost of the church was
$2,600. At Fredericton Road a new church was dedicated, free
from debt, on March 4th, 1877, Dr. Stewart and H. R. Baker be
ing the preachers. A new church was also dedicated at Little
River on July 20th, 1873, the preachers being G. W. Fisher (the
pastor) and Rev. Mr. Steadman (Bpt.). Rev. H. Daniel was
prevented by sickness from expected service on the occasion.

The first church at Colpitts was built in 1874, during the
pastorate of J. F. Betts. It was rebuilt during the pastorate of
C. K. Hudson, and re-dedicated, the preachers being C. K. Hud
son, W. H. Barraclough, and R. S. Crisp. A church at Allison,
nine miles from Moncton, was dedicated on July 10th, 1892, dur
ing the pastorate of W. J. Howard. The preachers were Revs.
T. J. Deinstadt, S. T. Teed, and Mr. Read, a student from Mount
Allison. Douglas Steeves donated the land. A new church was
also dedicated at Lower Coverdale on January 29th, 1882, free
from debt, the family of the late Lewis Smith having contributed

NEW BRUNSWICK 213

nearly half the cost. The preachers were Revs. R. Duncan, W.
Lawson, and G. W. Fisher. Wm. Penna was the pastor.

The following is the record of pastors: 1867, J. B. Hem-
meon; 1868, G. F. Day; 1870, Supply; 1872, G. W. Fisher; 1874,
J. F. Betts; 1877, W. W. Lodge; 1879, J. J. Colter; 1880, W.
Penna; 1883, R. Wilson; 1885, J. Crisp; 1888, W. W. Lodge;
1890, W. J. Howard; 1893, R. S. Crisp; 1896, J. K. King; 1900,
C. H. Manaton; 1904, 1. Howie; 1907, C. W. Hamilton; 1911, J.
B. Champion; 1914, A. D. McCully; 1918, C. K. Hudson; 1922,
J. B. Young.

ST. STEPHEN DISTRICT

St. Stephen — This town and surrounding country are of spe
cial interest to Methodists as the scene of the remarkable min
istry of Duncan McColl, a doughty Scotch soldier of the 74th
regiment, who was converted whilst with his regiment at Jamai
ca, Long Island, and who, when the revolutionary war was over,
came to St. Stephen and settled there. While on his way from
the United States to Halifax the vessel was driven by storm to
Bermuda where the three hundred passengers were obliged to
remain for the winter. From one of these, a young woman, pre-
viously connected with the Methodists in Philadelphia and New
York, and who afterwards became his wife, he learned much of
Methodism. When he arrived at St. Stephen he found the people
destitute of any spiritual care and he was constrained to call
them together in his own home for the worship of God. On the
first Sabbath six neighbors came, with whom he read the scrip
tures and knelt in prayer. On the next Sabbath sixty came and
the interest continued to grow until he was convinced that God
was calling him to preach the gospel, which he proceeded to do,
with much success, forming a society as nearly in accordance
with the Methodist system as his limited knowledge of Method
ism would permit. The story of his remarkable career is told
in Smith's History of Methodism. In 1790 he built a church at
a cost of £83 with a debt of £60 which was all paid off in four
years. He also built a mission house in 1796 at a cost of £96.
This was replaced in 1816 by a church which cost £999, not be
ing fully completed till June 30th, 1818. That church was mov
ed in 1869 and a fine brick church erected in 1870 at a cost of
$22,000 of which $10,000 was donated by Zachariah Chipman.

214 HISTORY OF METHODISM

In 1875, this church was partially destroyed by fire, without in
surance, but was promptly rebuilt.

Mr. McColl was not subject to the itinerancy, but, whilst
making many extended missionary visits, made his permanent
headquarters at St. Stephen. He died on December 17, 1830,
aged 76 years, having been the means of leading many souls into
the kingdom of God.

In 1801 a church was built at St. David's.

The following is the list of ministers who have labored at
St. Stephen: 1785-1829, Duncan McColl; 1829, R'd Williams;
1832, J. B. Strong; 1835, S. Busby; 1837, M. Pickles; 1840, Wm.
Smithson; 1843, H. Daniel; 1846, A. McNutt; 1849, G. M. Bar-
ratt; 1852, I. Sutcliffe; 1855, J. V. Jost; 1856, J. B. Brownell;
1859, H. McKeown; 1862, R. A. Temple; 1865, T. B. Smith;
1867, A. B. Black; 1869, H. McKeown; 1872, J. A. Clark; 1874,
J. Prince; 1876, E. Evans; 1879, H. Sprague; 1882, R. Duncan;
1885, G. M. Campbell; 1888, R. W. Weddall; 1891, W. Penna;
1894, H. Sprague; 1897, T. Marshall; 1901, J. Read; 1904, W. J.
Howard; 1905, G. M. Young; 1909, S. Howard; 1911, G. F.
Dawson; 1915, H. S. B. Strothard; 1919, F. H. M. Holmes; 1922,
J. Heaney.

In 1813, a great work of grace occurred at St. Stephen in
connection with which, from March to December, one hundred
and twenty persons were added to the membership of the St.
Stephen church. Another great revival in 1835-36 wonderfully
strengthened the church and led to the division of the field into
two circuits, the one known as the St. Stephen and St. David's,
and the other as the Milltown, circuit. St. Andrew's had pre
viously been made the head of a circuit. Notwithstanding this
division of labor, from 1844 to 1853 there were five churches and
several other preaching places connected with the St. Stephen cir
cuit, when as the work at St. Stephen increased, further divisions
were made. The people of this congregation have always been
characterized by enterprise and devotion to the interests of the
church and to hearty co-operation with their pastors. The N. B.
and P. E. I. Conference has been entertained here three times —
in 1891, 1899 and 1907.

Milltown — Methodism in Milltown goes back to the early
days of Duncan McColl 's fruitful ministry throughout this por
tion of New Brunswick. A flourishing society was found here in
1816 and a church building in occupation, which was replaced

NEW BRUNSWICK 215

by a finer one in 1836. The church was greatly strengthened by
an extensive revival in 1833-34. In 1838, Milltown became the
head of a circuit with Sampson Busby as its pastor. Not long
after, a serious division occurred on account of church discipline
and many influential members of the church and congregation
retired and finally united with the Congregationalists and Uni-
versalists. In September of 1844, the church, one of the finest
in the province, was destroyed by an incendiary fire. On the
following day, amid the smouldering ruins, the brave people de
cided to rebuild, and on the following Sunday, the Rev. George
Johnson, the pastor, preached from the charred remnants of the
pulpit bible and on Monday went out to solicit help towards re
building. "One morning in January, 1846, a new bell of rich
tone summoned worshippers to the new sanctuary." A notable
revival occurred during the pastorate of Howard Sprague (1867-
70).

A new and commodious vestry and Sunday School hall was
opened on March 23rd, 1884. What was practically a new, re
built church was dedicated in November, 1904, at a cost of $3,-
800. Whilst through deaths, removals, and business conditions,
this church is not as strong as in its palmy days, it still has a de
voted membership and is accomplishing good work.

The following is the list of pastors: 1838, S. Busby; 1839,
W. Smithson; 1841, H. Daniel; 1843, G. Johnson; 1845, J. G.
Hennigar; 1848, G. Millar; 1849, I. Sutcliffe; 1852, R. Cooney;
1855, E. Botterell; 1856, W. Smithson; 1859, W. Smith; 1862, t.
Angwin; 1864, W. Wilson; 1867, H. Sprague; 1870, R'd Smith;
1873, J. Taylor; 1875, W. W. Percival; 1878, S. R. Ackman; 1879,
C. W. Butcher; 1882, A. Lucas; 1884, L. S. Johnson; 1887, R. W.
Weddall; 1888, J. C. Berrie; 1891, J. A. Clark; 1894, S. H. Rice;
1899, W. J. Kirby; 1901, W. Lawson; 1903, G. W. Fisher; 1905,
R. S. Crisp; 1909, W. Penna; 1913, D. R. Chowen; 1917, B. O.
Hartman; 1919, R. Opie; 1922, G. M. Young; 1925, F. A. Wight-
man, co-operative.

St. Andrews — This community was one of the first in the
province to receive Methodist preaching, through the ministry of
Duncan McColl, the pioneer missionary of Charlotte county. He
went to St. Andrew's on a business venture in 1784 and in the
following year settled in St. Stephen and began preaching to the
people in 1785. In this latter year he began to visit St. Andrew's,
sixteen miles distant, and to preach there. In 1794, the Rev. Wil-

216 HISTORY OF .METHODISM

liam Jessup, of St. John, visited McColl at St. Stephen and St.
Andrew's, and had a somewhat strenuous time. Writing con
cerning his visit, he said: "I returned to my home worn out with
preaching and travelling." In 1830, sufficient progress had been
made in St. Andrew's and vicinity to justify the appointment of
a minister and the formation of a separate circuit. It included
St. Andrew's, Bocabec, Digdewash, and St. Patrick. Henry Dan
iel was the first resident pastor and this was the first year of his
distinguished ministry. On his arrival, he found no organized
society, no place of worship, and but six persons upon whom he
could look as members. Upon the young minister's departure in
less than two years, his successor found a new church, opened in
1831, and two classes each of fifteen members. In 1833-34,
Joseph F. Bent was stationed at St. Stephen and St. David's
and had a young minister, Alex. W. McLeod, who resided at St.
Andrew's, associated with him. Mr. Bent went to Newfoundland
for one year and in 1835 was back to St. Andrew's and St.
David's. He was followed by Richard Sheppard and he by W.
Smithsori and he by Albert DesBrisay, who was much beloved
and under whom the circuit greatly prospered, a gracious revival
in 1841 adding many to the membership.

The earlier married ministers resided in a rented house, till
1846, when a comfortable parsonage was purchased. During the
pastorate of Arthur McNutt, 1853-56, a debt of about ninety
pounds, which had been carried for a long time, was wiped out.
The pastorate of John B. Brownell, 1859-62, was attended with,
much prosperity, the membership was increased, missionary giv-
ings enlarged, and a Ladies' Aid society established. In 1864,
steps were taken towards the building of a new church, but it
was not until 1867 that it was finished and dedicated. After serv
ing a useful purpose for more than thirty years, the old church
was sold and used for many years as a school room. In 1876.
the outside appointments were formed into a separate mission
and the St. Andrew's charge confined to the one appointment.

The following is the ministerial record: 1830, Henry Dan
iel; 1833, A. W. McLeod; 1835, J. F. Bent; 1836, R. Sheppard;
1837, W. Smithson; 1840, Albert DesBrisay; 1843, R. Douglas;
1846, M. Pickles; 1849, G. Millar; 1851, W. Temple; 1853, A.
McNutt; 1856, Geo. Johnson; 1859, J. B. Brownell; 1862, W.
Smith; 1863, F. W. Moore; 1865, G. W. Tuttle; 1866, R. Wilson:
1869, C. B. Pitblado; 1872, C. Lockhart; 1874, W. Tweedy; 1877,
F. W. Harrison; 1880, D. Chapman; 1883, C. W. Dutcher; 1884r

NEW BRUNSWICK 217

J. A. Clark; 1887, L. S. Johnson; 1890, S. H. Rice; 1893, C.
Comben; 1896, J. C. Berrie; 1901, J. S. Allen; 1905, J. Parkins;
1907, W. W. Lodge; 1909, R. S. Crisp; 1913, R. W. Weddall;
1917, Thos. Hicks; 1921, T. Marshall; 1922, Richard Opie.

Oak Bay (formerly St. David's) — This region was part of
the extensive territory over which Duncan McColl travelled. He
had much difficulty with certain new-light teachers and records
instances of great immorality among them. His record here was
one of great hardship. Nevertheless, not a few converts were
made. A chapel, 46 by 38 ft., was built in 1801. Up to 1856
this section of country was worked from St. Stephen, when a divi
sion was made. In 1906, the circuit included Oak Bay, Dufferin.
The Ledge, Moore's Mills, and St. David's Hill. A new church
was built at The Ledge and dedicated on October 16th, 1887, dur
ing the pastorate of W. Penna, the preachers being Revs. R. W.
Weddall, G. M. Campbell, and H. Penna.

The following ministers have been stationed here: 1856, J.
V. Jost; 1859, W. Tweedy; 1862, G. B. Payson; 1865, 1. E. Thur-
low; 1867, J. L. Sponagle; 1869, C. W. Dutcher; 1872, W. W. Per-
cival; 1875, F. W. Harrison; 1877, G. Harrison; 1880, E. Slack-
ford; 1883, C. H. Manaton; 1886, W. Penna; 1889, H. Penna;
1892, T. Allen; 1895, I. Howie; 1898, E. Bell; 1902, W. H. Spar-
go; 1907, J. F. Estey; 1910, R. Opie; in 1911 the name was
changed to Oak Bay; 1914, T. Pierce; 1916, A. C. Bell; 1920, A.
D. McLeod; 1924, H. Scott.

A new church was dedicated at Oak Bay on October 28th,
1888, during the pastorate of Wm. Penna. The preachers were
Revs. R. W. Weddall (chairman), J. C. Berrie, and the Baptist
minister. The parsonage and barn at Oak Bay were destroyed
by fire on April 1st, 1918, the pastor, A. C. Bell, losing his library.
The church books, containing the history of the circuit were also
destroyed.

The Rev. H. Stanley Young, B.A., of the N. B. and P. E. I.
Conference was born at Oak Bay. The present appointments
are Oak Bay, Ledge, Crocker Hill, Bay Road, St. David's Ridge,
Moore's Mills.

Upper Mills, known as Old Ridge till 1904, was made the
head of a circuit in 1889, and had the following ministers: 1889,
N. McLauchlan; 1891, I. Dunlop; 1892, H. A. Gillespie; 1893, J.
A. Ives; 1896, H. C. Rice; 1898, H. Johnson; 1900, J. A. Seller;

218 HISTORY OF METHODISM

1901, H. C. McNeill; 1902, J. M. Rice; 1906, W. Rogers Pepper;
1908, T. S. Crisp; 1909, L. H. Jewett; 1911, C. F. Stebbings. In
1913, part of this field was connected with Milltown and part
with St. James.

St. James — This circuit was formed in 1869 and the follow
ing year R. W. Weddall became its minister. The appointments
include Oak Hill, Old Ridge, Lynfield, DeWolfe, Pomeroy, and
Canouse, including Beaconsfield. A new church was dedicated at
Lynfield on May 25, 1884. The parsonage was built at Oak Hill
during the pastorate of Henry Penna (1886-89).

The following have been its ministers: 1870, R. W. Wed
dall; 1871, Wm. Woods; 1872, W. F. Penny; 1873, H. R. Baker;

1875, J. Tinling; 1877, Supply; 1878, J. T. Baxendale; 1880, S.
E. Colwell; 1882, C. H. Manaton; 1883, W. B. Thomas; 1886, H.
Penna; 1889, T. Stebbings; 1892, A. C. Bell; 1895, M. R. Knight;
1898, H. Harrison; 1901, D. R. Chowen; 1905, W. Wass; 1909,
A. D. McLeod; 1913, W. R. Pepper; 1917, D. R. Chowen; 1921,
L. H. Jewett; 1925, W. B. Leard.

Bocabec — This district was connected with St. Andrews un-
till 1876 when Bocabec, Digdeguash, Whittier Ridge, Dumbarton,
Laurence Station, and Pleasant Ridge were formed into a separ
ate circuit. Tyon also appears as connected with it. The Mc-
Callums of Digdeguash claim relation to Flora McDonald who
played so important a part in the concealment of Prince Charlie
after his defeat at Colloden and subsequent escape to France.

A new church was dedicated at Whittier Ridge on October
13th, 1889, the preachers being Revs. J. Shenton and L. S. John
son, Chairman of the District.

The following ministers have been stationed on this circuit:

1876, S. E. Colwill; 1877, W. R. Pepper; 1879, W. Wass; 1882,
W. B. Thomas; 1883, A. P. Taylor; 1884, T. Pierce; 1886, Sup
ply; 1887, F. A. Wightman; 1888, H. Harrison; 1889, R. J.
Haughton; 1890, J. B. Gough; 1891, A. E. Chapman; 1892, Sup
ply (W. A. B.) ; 1893, H. J. Clark; 1895, H. D. Marr; 1896, B. H.
Balderston; 1898, D. R. Chowen; 1901, C. Flemington; 1902, H.
C. McNeill; 1903, L. H. Jewett; 1905, W. R. Pepper, Jnr.; 1907,
Supply; 1908, P. A. Fitzpatrick; 1909, B. W. Turner; 1911, Sup
ply; 1912, T. S. Crisp; 1915, Supply; 1916, J. H. McLellan; 1917-
1925, Supply.

NEW BRUNSWICK 219

Deer Island — Methodism was introduced to Deer Island by
the late Rev. Christopher Lockhart in a most unexpected manner.
Stationed at St. Andrews he was asked to visit Grand Manan in
the year 1873 and was returning when a storm drove him for
shelter to Deer Island. He preached on Sunday several times in
a church of the Baptist Association of Maine, U. S., which had
been without a regular minister for some years. Several people1
had been to the Methodist Camp Meeting at Machias, Maine,
and thought they would like to have a Methodist minister preach
to them and Mr. Lockhart said he would visit them as often as
his other duties would allow. This did not satisfy them, so they
sent a petition by him to the Conference for a man to be sent as
soon as possible. In September of that year, John Gee and Wil
liam Lawson landed in Halifax, from England, as candidates for
the ministry, Mr. Gee being retained in Nova Scotia and Mr.
Lawson ordered to report himself to Mr. Lockhart at St. Andrews
who would direct his way to Deer Island. The young English
man had an interesting introduction to his first field of labor.

Leaving St. Andrews in a small mail-boat, a heavy storm of
wind and rain came on so that the boat had to anchor in a cove
for several hours and it was midnight when Fairhaven, his land
ing place, was reached. The captain put the boat as near the
beach as possible and then asked the athletic little preacher if
he was a good jumper which he proved to be, as he landed on the
shore, his luggage being tossed after him. He was directed to
follow the path through the woods to the first house. As he had
never been in a woods before this midnight adventure through the
rain gave him thrills long to be remembered, but he soon reached
the hospitable home of Capt. Calder and a warm welcome. On
the following day he found his way to Cummings Cove and cor
dial entertainment at the home of Mr. and Mrs. McDonald. He
preached in the church that night and a man who had been a
teacher and local preacher, but a backslider, was reclaimed and
became an earnest Christian worker. Thus Methodism came to
Deer Island and made a fine beginning. During the year many
were converted, more than fifty being baptized at one time, the
young probationer calling upon Rev. J. Mitchell to baptize the
candidates.

After the lapse of a few years there were two good churches
and a parsonage on the Island. Congregations were large and the
fine singing of the people became a noted feature of their worship.
Then a great change took place. When the sardine factories

220 (HISTORY OF METHODISM

opened at Eastport, Me., many of the people, single and married,
moved there to take employment, and the upper end of the
island was largely stripped of its population. The people of the
lower end, who remained, were ministered to by the "Disciple
Church".

During the pastorate of Mr. Estey occurred the notable con
version of a man who had been the leader in sin and violence but
who became equally energetic in righteousness, a great Christian.
When the church at St. Leonards was closed against the Metho
dists, this man fitted up for worship a building which he owned
and then proceeded to build a beautiful and well equipped new
church which was dedicated with great rejoicing. Mrs. Wm.
Conley, a devoted woman, efficiently superintended the Sunday
School for over twenty years. Deer Island and Grand Manan
have had varied relations to each other, sometimes being worked
separately and sometimes together, and the supply has not been
constant to either. The first appearance of them in the Minutes
occurs in the year 1873 as "Deer Island and Grand Manan, One
to be sent." It was in this year that Mr. Lawson arrived there.
In 1874, they appear as separate missions, with J. T. Baxendale
at Deer Island and "One wanted" opposite Grand Manan. In
1880-82 Grand Manan does not appear on the Minutes. In 1883,
it is mentioned with "One to be sent."

The following are the Deer Island appointments: 1873, Wil
liam Lawson: 1874, J. T. Baxendale; 1875, W. Harrison; 1877,
T. Hicks; 1880, A. C. Bell; 1881, J. F. Estey; 1884, W. Lawson:
1887, W. B. Thomas; 1890, W. C. Matthews; 1892, W. R. Pepper;
1894, R. A. Colpitts; 1895, L. J. Wason; 1897, Supply; 1898, S.
A. Bayley; 1900, R. J. Campbell; 1901, J. Heaney; 1902, E. C.
Hennigar; 1903, W. Lawson; 1904, H. S. B. Strothard; 1906, C.
F. Stebbings; 1907, J. T. Costain; 1909, C. Graham; 1911, Sup
ply; 1912, G. Sparks; 1913-24, Summer Supply.

During the pastorate of Thomas Hicks a goodly number
were added to the church. There is a tradition that he was pre
sent at a baptismal service by immersion and that being request
ed to suggest a hymn suitable to the occasion he, with hi?
well-known gentle smile and the slight disposition to stutter, re
plied "I would s-suggest Tull for the Shore, Sailor, Pull for the
Shore.' "

At Cummings' Cove, on Deer Island, a new church was dedi
cated on July 16th, 1882, by the Rev. Douglas Chapman.

William Lawson, notwithstanding his leap in the dark, must

NEW BRUNSWICK 221

have been enamored of his first circuit as it will be seen that he
was stationed at three different periods at Deer Island.

Grand Manan — Smith's History says that Rev. Arthur Mc-
Nutt visited Grand Manan in June, 1838. In 1835, the Mission
ary Committee had appointed a missionary to the island but he
failed to reach it. "For some years Grand Manan was visited
occasionally by Methodist preachers stationed in Charlotte
County. In 1874, a theological student spent the vacation there ;
but it was not until 1884, when its grand cliff and seashore scenery
had begun to attract visitors, that it became a regular station."

A new church at Woodward's Cove was dedicated on Satur
day, December 31st, 1893, the preachers on Sunday being Revs.
W. R. Pepper and S. H. Rice, Revs. Messrs. DeWitt, Harvey
(Bpt.), and Baker (Reformed Bpt.), assisting. A former church
while in course of construction was destroyed by a storm.

The following is the pastoral record: 1884, J. F. Estey;
1885, Supply, F. E. Witham and H. Leonard; 1886, A. D. Mc-
Leod; 1888, A. C. Dennis; 1890, F. Frizzle; 1891-92, Supply;
1893, S. H. Rice; 1894-95, Supplied from Deer Island; 1896, S. A.
Bayley; 1898, L. J. Leard; 1899, R. G. Fulton; 1901, L. R. Mc
Donald; 1902-24, Supply or connected with Deer Island.

The first and only Methodist church on the Island was be
gun during the pastorate of A. D. McLeod (1887) when he was
stricken with pneumonia and had to rest for a year. The Ad-
ventists came to the part of the Island where the Methodist mis
sion was when the latter had no supply there and took possession.
After some time the little Methodist church was sold. Mrs.
(Rev.) R. G. Fulton was a Miss Frazer of Grand Manan.

222 HISTORY OF METHODISM

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND

CHARLOTTETOWN DISTRICT

Charlottetown — Many interesting references to the early
history of Methodism in the Island are found in Smith's History
of Methodism. Mr. Henry Smith, of Charlottetown, has placed
Methodism under obligation for his careful preservation of im
portant incidents, and we are indebted to him and to Rev. Dr. H.
E. Thomas, a former pastor at Charlottetown, for most of the
historical synopsis of Charlottetown Methodism which follows.

Among the early settlers, who came out from England, there
were a number of Methodists. Among these were Benjamin
Chappell who came in 1775. He was a convert and friend of
John Wesley, He was the great-grandfather of the Rev. Dr.
Benjamin Chappell of Japan, and others of the name in Char
lottetown. Thomas Dawson came out in 1801. As a local
preacher he held services in every settlement on the Island. He
was an ancestor of the Dawsons of Tryon, grandfather of Dr.
Dawson and Richard Heartz, and great-grandfather of Rev. Dr.
Heartz, Henry Smith, and Dr. H. D. Johnson. Joshua Newton,
an early collector of customs, was an active Methodist. Joseph
Avard, an English Methodist local preacher, landed in Charlotte-
town in 1806 and took an active interest in the work of the
church. He preached every Sabbath in the city or in one of the
outlying districts. . His descendants, of the third and fourth gen
eration, are still devoted members of the Methodist church in
Charlottetown.

As a result of the urgent appeal of Joseph Avard, the Rev.
James Bulpitt was sent and arrived in 1807. He continued to
reside on the Island until his death in 1849. A memorial window
in the Charlottetown church perpetuates the memory of this first
Methodist Minister stationed on Prince Edward Island. Services
were first held in Charlottetown in the Court house on the west
ern corner of Queen and King streets.

On October 5th, 1810, one half of town lot, number 53, in the
second hundred of town lots, was granted to the Wesleyan
Methodist Society for the purpose of erecting a preaching place.
This land is situated on the north side of Richmond Street, be-

PRINOE (EDWARD ISLAND 223

tween Queen and Pownal streets. In August, 1815, Rev. John
Hicks succeeded Mr. Bulpitt, and under his ministry Bedeque
and Try on were made preaching places in connection with Char-
lottetown. In 1816. Mr. Hicks preached for the first time in the
unfinished chapel in Charlottetown. Rev. J. B. Strong came in
1816 and was assisted by Rev. Sampson Busby who resided at
Murray Harbor, then part of the Charlottetown circuit. The first
Methodist church on the Island was erected at Murray Harbor
and was opened by Rev. Mr. Hicks, soon after his arrival in 1815.
Adam Clark Avard, who had been educated for a lawyer, entered
the Wesleyan ministry in 1818 as the first candidate from the
Charlottetown circuit.

Rev. John Fishpool succeeded Mr. Strong and was followed
by Robert Alder, during whose ministry preaching places were
established at Little York, West River, Pownal, and Fullerton's
Marsh. During the pastorate of Rev. Mr. Burt a parsonage was
erected adjacent to the chapel on Richmond St. The chapel pre
mises having become too small it was decided to purchase a piece
of land on the corner of Prince and Richmond Streets for a new
building, which was erected in 1834-35, during the pastorate of
Rev. J. P. Hetherington, a former member of the Irish Wesleyan
Conference. The dedication took place on July 9th, 1835, the
preachers being Revs. J. P. Hetherington, Wm. Wilson, and Rich
ard Knight. In 1836, additional land was purchased and a new
mission house (parsonage) was built. In 1837, during the pas
torate of Mr. Knight, it was found necessary to enlarge the
church which was done by adding thirty feet to its length.

In July, 1846, Rev. Wm. Webb succeeded J. B. Strong, and,
during Mr. Webb's pastorate, it was again necessary to enlarge
the church which was done by adding a large wing which brought
the total seating capacity up to twelve hundred. Rev. Wm. Webb
died just as he was about to enter the second year of his pastor
ate and the Rev. Charles DeWolfe, afterwards Dean of Theology
at Mount Allison, filled the pastorate for the balance of the year.

Many gracious seasons of revivals were experienced in this
church from its small beginnings through its many enlargements.
Notable revivals occurred under Rev. F. Smallwood in 1851 and
J. McMurray in 1855. Dr. and Mrs. Palmer, of the United
States, held successful evangelistic services during the fall of
1858, and during the pastorate of Rev. Henry Daniel, in 1860,
an American revivalist, Mr. Goreham, held a series of services
and many additions were made to the church membership.

224 HISTORY OF .METHODISM

On May 25th, 1863, the corner-stone of a new church was
laid by Lady Dundas, wife of the Lieut.-Governor, in the pre
sence of a large concourse of people. Rev. John Brewster was
the pastor and delivered an oration eminently suitable to the
occasion. The dedication took place on November 13th, 1864,
the preachers being Revs. Dr. Richey, Henry Pope and Charles
Stewart. On the second Sunday the Revs. Thos. Duncan (Pres-
bytn) , Howard Sprague, and Richard Smith were the speakers.

Very successful revival services were held in 1865 by Rev.
Howard Sprague. During the pastorate of Rev. D. D. Currie,
in 1874, the old parsonage was sold and moved across the street
and a new one was erected. During the pastorate of Rev. G. M.
Campbell (1894-99), the interior of the church was completely
changed. The old plaster ceiling was removed and the old win
dows were replaced by more modern styles. The late Richard
Heartz having left $11,000 to be used in memory of his deceased
son, Benjamin, Frank R. Heartz, the son of the latter, added
$6,000 to that amount and the splendid Benjamin Heartz Me
morial Hall was constructed in connection with the church plant
for Sunday School and the social services of the church. The
ladies collected $4,000 for the organ and furnishing. Rev. Dr.
Heartz and his sisters, Mrs. Perkins and Mrs. Taylor, presented
the platform furnishings. The dedication took place on July 4th,
1911. An historic address was delivered by Rev. Dr. Heartz and
leading laymen took part in the opening ceremonies. The pastor,
Rev. H. E. Thomas, presided. Kensington Hall, designed for
Sunday School and social services, was erected on a site donated
by L. L. Beer. The opening took place on November 17th, 1889,
Rev. J. Read presiding and the special address being given by
Rev. W. W. Brewer. During the pastorate of R. G. Fulton (1915-
19), the brick church was thoroughly renovated and internally
changed and beautified making it one of the most splendid audi
toriums in Methodism.

The following is the pastoral record: 1807, James Bulpitt;
1815, John Hicks; 1817, J. B. Strong; 1818, Wm. Fishpool; 1819.
R. Alder; 1821, S. Bamford; 1823, Wm. Burt; 1826, H. Pope:
1828, W. Temple; 1829, M. Richey; 1830, W. McDonald; 1831,
S. Bamford; 1833, Wm. Dowson; 1834, J. P. Hetherington ; 1836,
R. Knight; 1839, W. Smith; 1843, J. B. Strong; 1846, W. Webb;
1847, C. DeWolfe; 1848, E. Batterell; 1850, F. Smallwood; 1852,
Ephraim Evans; 1854, J. McMurray; 1857, I. Sutcliffe; 1860, H.
Daniel; 1862, J. Brewster; 1864, Dr. M. Richey; 1867, H.

PRINCE (EDWARD ISLAND 225

Pope, Jnr.; 1870, G. S. Milligan; 1871, J. Taylor; 1873, D. D.
Currie; 1876, J. Lathern; 1879, H. P. Cowperthwaite ; 1882, J.
Burwash; 1885, J. Shenton; 1888, J. Read; 1891, W. W. Brewer;
1894, G. M. Campbell; 1899, J. J. Teasdale; 1900, G. M. Young;
1904, Wm. Dobson; 1907, H. E. Thomas; 1911, J. Heaney; 1914,
J. L. Dawson; 1915, R. G. Fulton; 1919, G. W. F. Glendenning;
1922, W. M. Ryan.

Charlottetown (Grace) — In 1871, Rev. James Taylor had
associated with him Robert Me Arthur who, in 1871, took charge
of the second Methodist Church which was opened in the old
Free Church building at the head of Prince Street. After the un
ion of 1884, the Bible Christian Church was sold and Grace
Church was enlarged 300 sittings being added so that it seated
700. The reopening took place on August 3rd, 1884, the preach
ers being Revs. J. Read and W. E. Reynolds. On Monday even
ing addresses were made by Revs. J. Burwash, J. McLeod (Pres
byterian) and E. Whitman (Bpt.).

This church had a history of much prosperity and useful
ness, as a separate organization, till June, 1918, when its congre
gation united with the First Church, 0. H. Peters becoming as
sociate minister in 1918 and .19.

The Grace Church pastors were as follows: 1871, R. Mc-
Arthur; 1873, Wm. Penna; 1874, R. S. Crisp; 1876, W. Fielder;
1877, Geo. Steel; 1879, G. M. Campbell; 1880, Supply; 1881,
Wm. Tippett; 1883, J. W. Wadman; became a separate circuit
in 1884 with S. H. Rice; 1886, W. Harrison; 1889, W. W. Brewer;
1891, C. W. Hamilton; 1892, G. C. P. Palmer; 1895, W. J. Kir-
by; 1899, J. W. McConnell; 1903, W. W. Lodge; 1907, Thos.
Marshall; 1908, W. Harrison; 1912, T. Marshall; 1914, F. H.
Little Johns.

Cornwall — Cornwall and York, which had for a long time
formed parts of the Charlottetown circuit, were formed into a
separate circuit, in 1858, under the charge of Henry Pope, Jnr.,
and continued as one until 1876 when each became the head of a
distinct circuit. During later years the Cornwall circuit includ
es Cornwall, North Wiltshire, Kingston and Hampshire.

A new parsonage was built in 1898, during the pastorate of
G. F. Dawson. A new church was dedicated on the Wiltshire
Road on Nov. 27th, 1898, Revs. G. M. Campbell and Mr. Brown
(Bpt.) officiating.

226 HISTORY OF .METHODISM

A new church was dedicated at Cornwall on Oct. 19th, 1902,
during the pastorate of W. B. Thomas, the preachers being Revs.
J. J. Teasdale, T. F. Fullerton (Presbyterian), and J. H. Mine*
(Bp.t) The cost of the church was $3,600. The bell was the gift
of Hon. D. Farquharson. The church at North Wiltshire was
reconstructed and opened on January 2, 1921, in the pastorate of
S. D. Webster. The preachers were Revs. W. Harrison and Mr.
Jones (Anglican).

The following is the list of pastors: 1858, H. Pope, Jnr.;
1862, J. V. Jost; 1864, H. Pope, Jnr.; 1867, J. Winterbotham ;
1870, E. Evans (assisted by W. W. Brewer in 1871 and .72) ; G.
O. Huestis (assisted by A. Lucas in 1873 and .74 and by J. C.
Berrie in 1875); 1876, separated into two circuits; 1876, H. P.
Cowperthwaite; 1879, S. R. Ackman; 1882, H. P. Cowperth-
waite; 1885, E. Evans; 1886, W. W. Lodge; 1888, D. D. Moore;
1890, E. C. Turner; 1893, S. H. Rice; 1894, H. R. Baker; 1897,
G. F. Dawson; 1900, W. B. Thomas; 1904, W. Harrison; 1908,
H. Miller; 1912, G. Orman; 1916, J. Heaney; 1919, S. D. Web
ster; 1921, H. Pierce.

York — This community, formerly known as Little York, be
came a regular appointment of the Charlottetown circuit in 1819.
A neat little church was built there in 1824 during the pastorate
of Wm. Burt. In 1857 Henry Pope, Jnr., was sent there and in
1858 Cornwall and York were made into a separate circuit with
him in charge. In later years, the circuit included York, Brack-
ley, Pleasant Grove, Stanhope and Cove Head.

A new church was dedicated at Stanhope and Cove Head in
1883 the preachers being Revs. H. P. Cowperthwaite, J. S. Allen ;
and G. Steel, the pastor. The church at York was remodelled
and rededicated on Dec. 7th, 1919, during the pastorate of F. H.
Littlejohns, the preachers being Revs. Dr. Steel and H. Pierce.

The pastors since 1876, when Cornwall and York were sep
arated, have been 1876, J. C. Berrie; 1878, H. R. Baker; 1881,
G. Steel; 1884, J. S. Phinney; 1886, M. R. Knight; 1889, W. H.
Spargo; 1892, S. James; 1896, R. Opie; 1900, T. Hicks; 1904, G.
F. Dawson; 1908, E. Bell; 1911, E. A. Westmorland; 1913, in this
year Little York and Winsloe appear as one circuit, with two
men, and continue thus till 1916, when they are listed as separ
ate circuits; 1913, E. A. Westmorland and F. A. Littlejohns;
1914, E. A. W. and J. L. Lund; 1915, J. L. Dawson and J. L. L.;
1916, J. L. Dawson; 1918, F. H. Littlejohns; 1921, C. W. Keir-
stead; 1923, H. T. Smith.

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND 227

Winsloe — This circuit name (spelled Winslow until 1886),
first appeared in 1884, at the time of the union of the Bible
Christians with the Methodist Church of Canada, with the Rev.
W. H. Spargo as pastor; 1886, E. Slackford; 1889, W. J. Kirby;
1892, Thomas Stebbings; 1895, W. J. Howard; 1897, A. D. Mc-
Leod; 1900, J. Parkins; 1903, F. Frizzle; 1906, J. M. Rice; 1910,
L. J. Wason; 1913, Winsloe worked in connection with Little
York till 1916 (see York) ; 1916, Geo. Elliott, 1917, F. W. Saw-
don; 1918, Supplied from Charlottetown ; 1919, 0. H. Peters;
1922, C. Graham; 1925, W. H. Palmer.

This circuit includes Winsloe South and North, Princetown,
and Highfield.

A new church was dedicated on August llth, 1889, W. J.
Kirby pastor and Revs. John Read and W. J. K. the preachers.

Pownal — Early in 1800 Methodist services were commenced
in the home of John Brehaut. Cottage services were frequently
held by ministers and local preachers from Charlottetown. The
first Pownal Church was built about 1820. The present church
was dedicated in 1870. Pownal became a separate circuit in
1846. The appointments of this circuit are Pownal, Millview,
Mt. Hebert, and Clifton.

The following ministers have been stationed here: 1846, J.
Prince; 1848, W. McCarty; 1850, H. Pope, Jnr.; 1852, H. Starr;
1853, A. B. Black; 1855, T. M. Albrighton; 1856, G. S. Milligan;
1857, A. M. DesBrisay; 1859, R. Morton; 1861, R. Duncan;
1863, W. Ryan; 1866, F. W. Moore; 1868, J. Burns; 1870, J.
Winterbotham; 1871, W. W. Colpitts; 1874, J. S. Allen; 1877,
Wm. Maggs; 1880, G. M. Campbell; 1882, W. W. Colpitts; 1883,
G. Harrison; 1885, J. J. Colter; 1887, G. Steel; 1890, G. M.
Fisher; 1893, E. C. Turner; 1897, W. J. Howard; 1900, R. Opie;
1904, W. B. Thomas; 1905, D. R. Chowen; 1909, E. E. Styles;
1913, E. S. Weeks; 1917, H. Pierce; 1921, G. W. Tilley; 1925, F.
H. Little Johns.

Vernon River — This fertile community was settled by Uni
ted Empire Loyalists. It was occasionally visited by the Metho
dist itinerants and local preachers from Charlottetown. Mr.
Metherall, the pioneer Bible Christian minister, found such en
couragement there that he made it his place of residence. In
1834, Mr. James Laird gave twelve acres of land for the use of
the missionary and a parsonage was erected which continued to

228 HISTORY OF METHODISM

be occupied by the Bible Christian missionaries until 1880. In
1840, Mrs. Metherall, who led the singing, conducted class and,
prayer-meetings, and visited the sick, in the absence of her hus
band, died very suddenly, much lamented. A great revival began
at Vernon River in October, 1842, and spread to all the surround
ing country. Two classes were formed with Jeremiah Enman and
J. Fletcher as leaders. One was held at the house of John Van
Iderstine. Rev. Wm. Harris of the Bible Christian Church, a
devoted evangelist, died in 1846 and was buried at Vernon River.
After spending fifteen years resident at Vernon River, Mr. Meth
erall removed to West Cape in 1847. After his departure divi
sions sprang up and hindered the work and both the Bible Chris
tian and Wesleyan Methodist causes were rather weak in that
region reaching into Murray Harbor, so that the union of 1884
was generally welcomed and the united causes began to prosper.
The following is the list of pastors since that event, the par
sonage being then located at Vernon River Bridge: 1884, Geo.
Steel; 1887, R. Opie; 1890, C. W. Butcher; 1893, John Gold
smith; 1896, J. W. McConnell; 1899, Wm. Wass; 1902, S. H.
Rice; 1905, C. K. Hudson; 1908, F. H. W. Holmes; 1910, Geo.
Orman; 1912, H. A. Brown; 1915, A. J. Gould; 1917, Wm. R.
Pepper; 1920, R. M. Brodie; 1923, E. A. Westmoreland. Cherry
Valley is an important appointment on this circuit. The names
of Mutch and Irving are influential.

Montague — This circuit name appears for the first time in
1877. Previously the community was served from Murray Har
bor. It includes Montague, Lower Montague, Union Road, and
Sturgeon. The following is the list of pastors: 1877, D. H.
Lodge; 1879, E. Bell; 1881, J. C. Berrie; 1882, Supply; 1883, W.
Wass; 1885, J. F. Estey; 1887, J. Goldsmith; 1890, R. Opie;
1893, W. Lawson; 1896, H. Penna; 1900, F. Frizzle; 1903, L. J.
Wason; 1907, F. A. Wightman; 1910, B. 0. Hartman; 1912, H.
Miller; 1916, W. J. Domville; 1919, C. Graham; 1902, H. A.
Brown; 1924, H. J. Rowley; 1925, Supply.

At Lower Montague, the Presbyterians and Methodists built
a union church which was dedicated on Sept. 24th, 1922. Rev.
Dr. J. Keir Thomson, Buffalo, N. Y., was the morning preacher.
The dedication took place in the afternoon conducted by Rev. H.
A. Brown (Meth.) and D. Mackenzie (Pr.), the preacher being
Rev. Ross C. Eaton (Bpt) . The evening preacher was Rev. Mr.
McLellan (Pr). This is the first church of its kind in The Island.
It will seat 500 people.

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND 229

A new church was dedicated at Montague on Oct. 15th, 1888,
during the pastorate of J. Goldsmith, the preachers being Revs.
J. Read and W. H. Spencer (Presbyterian) . An overflow meet
ing was held in the old church.

Murray Harbor — Thomas Dawson, the famous local preach
er who reached Charlottetown in June, 1801, soon began to ex
plore outside communities, provided with a pocket compass and
often guided by blazed paths. Among the places early visited
was Murray Harbor where his gospel message was gladly wel
comed. The first Methodist Church on The Island was opened
there by the Rev. John Hick in August, 1815. Of the two class-
meetings held there in 1824 one was conducted in the French
language; there was also an English class at Three Rivers.
Among the early ministers was John Snowball, a Yorkshire Eng
lishman, who reached Halifax in 1817, labored at Murray Har
bor in 1822. He was the father of the late Lieut-Governor Snow
ball of New Brunswick. Rev. Robert Cooney, who, when a
young man, was converted from Romanism, was the minister in
1834, when he narrowly escaped death by breaking through the
ice on the harbor, when on his way to visit some sick members
of his congregation. This circuit includes Murray Harbor, Cape
Bear, and White Sands.

The late Senator Prowse left $1500 to connexional funds be
sides a liberal bequest to the church.

The following ministers, following several predecessors who
visited Murray Harbor, were stationed there: 1822, J. Snowball;
1824, Robert Crane; 1826, T. H. Davies; 1828, W. Webb; 1831,
R. Cooney; 1837, J. V. Jost; 1838, Jas. Buckley; 1861, R. Was-
son; 1864, J. G. Bigney; 1865, J. A. Mosher; 1867, W. W. Perci-
val; 1868, W. W. Colpitts; 1871, G. B. Payson; 1872, R. Tweedy;
1873, H. J. Clarke; 1875, A. E. LePage (who in 1876 worked
Montague as well) ; 1878, J. C. Berrie; 1881, E. Bell; 1884, W. E.
Reynolds; 1886, J. S. Phinney; 1889, S. James; 1892, W. H.
Spargo; 1896, J. S. Allen; 1899, W. C. Matthews; 1900, A. D.
McCully; 1903, J. Parkins; 1904, Supply; 1905, A. E. Chapman;
1908, G. A. Sellar; 1911, L. H. Jewett; 1915, H. A. Brown; 1917,
E. S. Weeks; 1921, S. Howard; 1925, C. Graham.

Souris — Through the appeal of an English Methodist, em
ployed in a shipyard at Souris, Rev. W. Burt, of Charlottetown,
sixty miles distant, was led to visit it in 1824. Smith's History

230

says: "As soon as the winter travelling would permit, Burt set
off for Souris, accompanied by a gentleman who had volunteered
as guide. At the head of Souris harbor they called at the home
of a Methodist brother whose wife had persistently opposed his
religious opinions and practices. The wife, who was nursing an
apparently dying child, gave the visitors a cool reception; but
words of sympathy and a prayer offered for mother and child
soon and forever dispelled the evident prejudice. The child at
once began to improve, and the mother, seeing in this fact an an
swer to the prayer of the unwelcomed preacher, ceased, to the
great joy of her husband, to show any further opposition. At
Souris he found several persons who had anxiously awaited the
arrival of a minister ; and with these and their neighbors he spent
nearly a fortnight in preaching, visiting, baptizing their children,
and forming a class." Souris was visited irregularly and for some
time had various connections with Morrell, Murray Harbor and
other fields.

In 1872 it appeared as the head of a separate mission, Mario
and Dundas, being other appointments. The following is the list
of pastors: 1872, A. Lucas; 1873, J. C. Berrie; 1874, Supply;
1875, Harrison B. Lodge; 1876, D. H. Lodge; 1877, M. R.
Knight; 1878, A. Hagarty; 1880, T. Stebbings; 1882, J. J. Colter;
1885, W. Wass; 1887, D. H. Lodge; 1890, J. Goldsmith; 1893,
C. W. Butcher; 1894, Supply; 1895, J. F. Estey; 1897, J. A. Ives;
1898, W. C. Matthews; 1899, S. H. Rice; 1902, E. Bell; 1904, A.
E. Chapman, 1905, R. W. J. Clements; 1906, W. E. Johnson;
1910, F. A. Wightman; 1913, E. E. Styles; 1917, H. A. Brown;
1921, J. F. Denney; 1923, R. M. Brodie; 1924, Supply.

On Nov. 20, 1909, the church was badly damaged by fire
and the use of a vacant Baptist Church was secured. The re
opening took place on July 31st, 1910, Rev. W. Harrison being
the preacher and F. A. Wightman, the pastor.

Mount Stewart — In the Minutes of 1859 there appears the
circuit name of Morell and Mt. Stewart to be visited from Char-
lottetown. In 1862, the name is Souris and Mt. Stewart with W.

C. Brown as minister. At one time Mt. Stewart was visited from
Pownal and Murray Harbor each once in six weeks. In 1876 it
appears as a circuit of some permanency and the following is the
list of ministers: 1876, J. Goldsmith; 1878, W. Lawson; 1881,

D. H. Lodge; 1884, E. Bell; 1886, J. Goldsmith; 1887, G. C. P.
Palmer; 1889, E. Slackford; 1892, J. B. Gough; 1893, W. J.

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND 231

Howard; 1895, A. D. McLeod; 1897, J. Heaney; 1899, H. Pierce;
1902, W. Wass; 1905-06, Supply; 1907, L. J. Wason; 1910, E. S.
Weeks; 1913, J. L. Dawson; 1914, F. W. Sawdon; 1917, B. Car-
ew; 1918, K. Kingston; 1919, R. M. Brodie; 1920, Supply; 1921.
H. A. Brown; 1922-24, Supply.

This circuit includes Mt. Stewart, Marie, Dunstaffnage, and
Black River. The church at Dunstaffnage was practically re
built and re-dedicated on Sept. 24th, 1916, Rev. F. H. Littlejohns
and F. W. Sawdon being the preachers.

SUMMERSIDE DISTRICT

Summerside — The Summerside Methodist Church was an
offshoot of the Bedeque Congregation. Rev. G. O. Huestis and
Rev. W. C. Beals at first conducted services in the old western
school building, situated at the corner of Second and Duke
Streets and in Strong's Hall on Water Street. The old western
school building was occupied as a preaching place by different
Protestant bodies before Churches were built.

In 1854 the late Joseph Green, father of Mrs. James Reid,
donated a piece of land on First St. for a church site. This church
was formally opened in 1860 and now forms part of St. Paul's
Hall. The building committee were Wm. G. Strong, George
Doull, Edward Henry, and Joseph Green. The preachers at the
opening services were Rev. J. B. Strong and Rev. Inghan Slit-
cliff e. In 1866 the Summerside Methodists withdrew from the
Bedeque congregation and formed a separate circuit. The
first minister was the Rev. W. W. Percival and the second Rev.
A. S. DesBrisay. The Sunday School was organized in 1863 with
R. A. Strong, Superintendent and Joseph Bertram, Secretary.
Some time previous to 1874 this church had been enlarged, and
though it was still a small church, it had a debt of $550. The
larger number of the ministers in charge were young, unordained
men. An ordained minister was sent here in 1877 and a
parsonage was rented. "Notwithstanding the fact that we re
ceived help from the Missionary Society, difficulties were so
great, that we were threatened with legal proceeding because
of our inability to pay rent." In 1882, the homestead of the
late John R. Gardner on Market St. was purchased for a par
sonage, and the Ladies' Aid, the faithful ally of the church,

232 'HISTORY OF .METHODISM

was formed. In 1870, the late John Cudmore built a hall on
Spring St. for the use of that branch of the church known as,
Bible Christian. This hall is now the vestry of Epworth Hall.
Rev. J. H. Collins conducted services first in the hall and later
in the church after its erection. This hall was used as a private
day school by Rev. Mr. Tonkin, Bible Christian Minister in
charge. The Methodist and Bible Christian churches, up to time
of union, were in debt and had a hard struggle to meet their ob
ligations. When the question of the Union of the different branch
es of the Methodist Churches in Canada came before the Official
Board of the Summerside Methodist Church on February 26,
1883, it was resolved unanimously to accept the basis of Union
without amendment. This Union, which has been blessed of
God, was consummated in 1884. The Methodist church and par
sonage were sold, debts were adjusted and the Bible Christian
church and parsonage were occupied. Shortly after the Union,
the property on the west side of Epworth Hall was purchased at
a cost of $600.

In 1865, under the ministry of Rev. Benjamin Chappell, the
W. M. S. was organized and is still going strong with some of the
charter members interested as ever in Missions. Since the Union
of 1884, steady progress has been made. Under the ministry of
Rev. Wm. Maggs, a large ingathering took place. The Sunday
School, which met in the church, found their quarters cramped
and not suited to their work and an agitation was started to build
a new schoolroom. This agitation resulted in the purchase of the
land and the building of the present church in 1893 at a cost of
over $7,000. The building committee was composed of Messrs
Wm. G. Strong, E. H. Wright, Leonard Morris, Wm. P. Baker
John W. Clark, Thomas Frizzle and J. A. Brace. The church was
opened and dedicated on August 12th, 1894, during the ministry
of Rev. R. W. Weddall, and the special preacher for the occasion
was Rev. G. M. Campbell. On the occupation or the new church,
the pews were taken out of the old church which was given over
for Sunday school purposes. Under the ministry of Rev. Ham
mond Johnson, in 1909, a pipe organ was installed at a cost of
about $2500. In 1910, it was resolved to sell the old parsonage
and build a new one. This was completed under the ministry of
Rev. James Strothard, at an outlay of about $2,000. In 1914, un
der the ministry of Rev. J. M. Rice, alterations and additions
were made to Epworth Hall at a cost of about $5300, due largely
to the enterprise and devotion of J. A. Brace, the recording Stew*

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND 233

ard. Summerside has become one of the strong circuits of the
Conference.

Since 1866, when Summerside became a separate circuit the
following have been the pastors: 1866, W. W. Percival; 1867, A.
S. DesBrisay; 1870, J. McC. Fulton; 1871, J. C. Berrie; 1873,
W. W. Brewer; 1874, A. R. B. Shrewsbury; 1875, C. W. Hamil
ton; 1877, J. F. Betts; 1879, T. J. Deinstadt; 1882, J. S. Allen;
1885, B. Chappell; 1888, G. C. P. Palmer; 1889, C. W. Hamilton;
1891, W. Maggs; 1894, R. W. Weddall; 1897, Dr. H. Sprague;
1899, N. McLauchlan; 1903, A. D. McCully; 1906, H. Johnson;
1910, J. Strothard; 1913, J. M. Rice; 1917, H. C. Rice; 1921, G.
Morris; 1923, J. F. Denny; 1924, F. E. Boothroyd.

Bedeque — This community was visited by the earliest
Methodist missionaries in the Island. In 1815, Rev. John Hick
made it a regular appointment of the Charlottetown circuit and
formed a society of six persons at Bedeque. Rev. J. B. Strong's
first sermon at that place was preached in Nathaniel Wright's
barn, and was followed by one visit to the section of the island
in each six weeks. In December, 1816, he took steps towards the
building of a small church at Bedeque. Bedeque and Tryon were
made a separate circuit in 1817 with John Fishpool as pastor, and
in 1818, through the efforts of John Pope and his few associated
the previously planned church at Bedeque was erected. This
was followed by spiritual progress and accessions to the- member
ship. Smith's History says: In 1828 John Snowball was ap
pointed to Bedeque. While superintending the transfer of his
property to the shore, he fell over the side of the boat, but by
grasping a floating trunk and then an oar flung to him by Wm.
Temple, he escaped drowning. The parsonage at Bedeque, in
to which he led his family, was a log house, only a single room in
which was finished. At the several settlements in the circuit
some valuable accessions to the membership had been received
from emigration from Britain and removals from a provincial
circuit or two.

The first church, erected in 1818, is now a warehouse in the
rear of the store of Mr. Bowness. The second church was built
in 1848, and, after being used for about 40 years was sold and
moved three miles to Ferry-wharf to be used as a warehouse. The
third church was dedicated on January 8th, 1888, during the
pastorate of E. C. Turner, the preachers being Revs. Job Shen-
ton (morning and evening) and C. W. Hamilton In the afternoon.

2S4 HISTORY OF METHODISM

The parsonage was completed in 1875 and was first occupied by
Rev. Joseph Seller. The appointments on this circuit are Bede
que, Searletown, and Cape Traverse.

A new church was built at Cape Traverse in 1889, costing
$2,000, during the pastorate of W. Harrison.

The following were stationed on the old Bedeque and Tryon
circuit: 1817, J. Fishpool; 1818, J. B. Strong; 1819, G. Miller;
1822, T. Payne; 1824, G. Jackson; 1827, Wm. Smith; 1828, J.
Snowball; 1831, Wm. Webb; 1834, Wm. Wilson; 1836, T. H.
Davies; the list from this to 1851 is uncertain; 1851, G. O.
Huestis; 1853, W. C. Beals; 1855, C. DeWolfe and A. M. Des-
Brisay; 1856, G. M. Barratt and W. C. McKinnon 56 and 57;
1859, J. Prince; 1861, S. W. Sprague; 1864, R'd Smith; 1867, R'd
Weddall; beginning with 1868 two men were appointed, the jun
ior living at Tryon; 1868, R. Weddall and T. J. Deinstadt; 1869,
P. Prestwood (assisted by T. J. D. in 1869 and R. A. Daniel in
1870 and 71) ; 1872, J. S. Phinney and John Ellis; in 1873, Bede
que and Tryon were made separate circuits with J. S. Phinney at
Bedeque; 1875, J. Sellar; 1878, W. W. Percival; 1880, G. Har
rison; 1883, J. Pascoe; 1886, E. C. Turner; 1889, W. Harrison;
1892, W. J. Kirby; 1895, G. C. P. Palmer; 1899, F. A. Wight-
man; 1903, N. McLauchlan; 1906, G. Steel; 1910, H. Johnson;
1914, G. Ayers; 1918, G. N. Somers; 1922, P. A. Fitzpatrick.

Tryon — This community was visited by Rev. Wm. Grandin
in the spring of 1792 and many were brought into the kingdom of
God. Wm. Black visited it in 1794 and settled the faith of some
who had been drawn away by antinomian teachers. In 1815,
Tryon and Bedeque became regular appointments, once in six
weeks, of the Charlottetown circuit. The first chapel was built
in 1816 but not completed inside for several years. Bedeque and
Tryon became a separate circuit with headquarters at Bedeque.
Beginning with 1868, two men were appointed to the circuit, the
young men living at Tryon. This continued till 1873 when Try-
on was made a separate circuit. The young men, from 1868 to
73, were T. J. Deinstadt, R. A. Daniel, and John Ellis. Up till
1873, the superintendent ministers were the same as in Bedeque.

During the pastorate of George Jackson (1826) a very gra
cious revival occurred at Tryon and Crapaud and a log chapel
was built at the latter. A revival of unusual power occurred in
1830 during the pastorate of John Snowball.

Smith's History has an interesting item concerning the first

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND 235

church stating that its pulpit was put up at the expense of a
Roman Catholic priest. In a foot-note it says: "The 'facetious'
Father Fitzgerald, an elderly Franciscan, reached the island from
Newfoundland about 1822. He informed William Temple, when
that minister was stationed at Charlottetown, in 1828-29, that he
had known Mr. Wesley very well. Mr. Temple says of him: 'He
kindly offered me the loan of any of his books, which, however,
with the works of St. Thomas in Latin, did not amount to more
than fifty sorry volumes. Father Fitzgerald is, however, a lib
eral man. He built the pulpit in our chapel at Tryon at his own
expense, and offered me twenty shillings towards a bell for our
chapel here, as he thought we ought to have one."

The first chapel in Tryon was used till 1839 when it was
superseded by a better one. A new church at Victoria village was
dedicated on Oct. 21st, 1877, during the pastorate of T. J. Dein-
stadt, the preachers being Revs. Dr. Lathern, H. P. Cowperth-
waite, and Dr. Isaac Murray (Presbyterian). This was one of
the finest country churches. Three Methodist Churches stand
within a radius of two miles from a certain center. The corner
stone of a new church at Tryon was laid on Aug. llth, 1881, by
Mrs. (Hon.) W. W. Lord, during the pastorate of J. S. Phinney.

The following is the list of ministers since Tryon became a
separate circuit: 1873, H. P. Cowperthwaite ; 1876, T. J. Dein-
stadt; 1877, T. J. D. and C. S. Wells; 1879, J. S. Phinney; 1882,
S. T. Teed; 1885, G. Harrison; 1888, H. P. Cowperthwaite ; 1890,
J. K. King; 1893, G. W. Fisher; 1896, T. Hicks; 1900, G. F.
Dawson; 1904, T. Stebbings; 1908, W. A. Thomson; 1912, G. M.
Young; 1916, G. Morris; 1918, P. A. Fitzpatrick; 1922, G. N.
Somers.

The appointments on this circuit are Tryon, Victoria, Cra-
paud, Augustine Cove, and Hampton.

Margate — This name first appeared as the head of a circuit
in 1858. The community had frequently been visited before that
from Charlottetown and also from Bedeque. In the early years,
the appointments were Margate, Granville, Stanley Bridge, Bow-
ness School House, Summerside, Port Hill and Fifteen Point. In
the early seventies, the appointments were Margate, Irishtown,
Granville, Pleasant Valley and Stanley Bridge. In 1893, the
latter three were cut off to help in forming the Granville circuit,
and Freetown was taken from Bedeque and added to Margate.
At present (1924) the appointments are Margate. Kensington,

236 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Freetown, Wilmot and Clinton. The parsonage was located at
Margate until 1906 when a new house was built at Kensington.
The Freetown Church was built in 1862. A new church was dedi
cated at Kensington on Sept. 30th, 1889, during the pastorate
of E. C. Turner, the preachers being Revs. H. P. Cowperthwaite,
J. W. McLeod (Presbyterian), and C. W. Hamilton in whose
pastorate the building was begun. A new church was dedicated
at Margate on Oct. 9th, 1898, during the pastorate of F. A.
Wightman, costing $2,350, the preachers being Revs. R. Breck-
en (President), Chas. McKay (Presbyterian), and Dr. Sprague.
The men who entered the ministry from this circuit are Albert
C. Dennis, B.A., who died Sept. 30th, 1894, aged 36 years, and
Jacob Heaney, B.A., of the N. B. and P. E. I. Conference.

The following is the list of ministers: 1858, R'd Johnson;
1860, B. J. Johnston; 1861 J. S. Coffin; 1862, H. Sprague; 1864,

E. Evans; 1866, W. W. Colpitts; 1869, W. Ryan; 1870, R. Twee
dy; 1872, J. G. Bigney; 1873, A. E. LePage; 1875, H. J. Clarke;
1877, E. Slackford (assisted in 78 by W. Wass and in 79 by J. W.
Wadman) ; 1880, W. Maggs (assisted by T. Pierce in 1880 and
J. W. Tait in 81) ; 1883 H. R. Baker; 1886, C. W. Hamilton;
1889, E. C.Turner; 1890, T. Hicks; 1893, R. Opie; 1896, F. A.
Wightman; 1899, W. A. Thomson; 1902, J. Dystant; 1903, H. S.
Young; 1906, J. B. Gough; 1910, W. E. Johnson; 1912, Geo. Mor
ris; 19i6, G. A. Sellar; 1919, J. A. Ives; 1922, G. Ayers.

Granville — In 1893, Granville and Hunter River appeared
as the title of a new circuit and continued thus until 1899 when
the title became simply Granville. The circuit was formed by
taking Granville, Pleasant Valley and Stanley Bridge from the
Margate circuit and adding Hunter River and Wheatley River.

The ministers have been as follows: 1893, A. D. McLeod;
1895, H. Pierce; 1899, J. Dystant; 1902, G. A. Sellar; 1906, H.
Pierce; 1910, J. B. Gough; 1914, L. J. Leard; 1918, G. Ayers;
1922, O. H. Peters; 1925, R. H. Baxter.

Egmont — The name of Egmont appears as the head of a
circuit in 1873 with "One Wanted;" 1874 "One to be sent;" 1875,

F. Freeman; 1876 and 77, H. Penna. In 1878 the name disap
pears.

Bideford — This circuit name first appears in 1878 with J.
Goldsmith as pastor, followed in 1881 by W. E. Johnson; 1883,

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND 237

E. C. Turner; 1886, E. Bell; 1889, R. W. J. Clements; 1892, J. F
Estey; 1895, C. H. Manaton; 1897, W. R. Pepper; 1901, A. E.
Chapman; 1905, Supply; 1907, E. S. Weeks; 1910, L. J. Leard;
1914, H. S. Young; 1918, F. W. Sawdon; 1922, C. N. Brown;
1925, Bruce Carew.

A new church at Bideford was dedicated on October 24th,

1886, during the pastorate of E. Bell, the preacher being C. W.
Hamilton. A new church was opened at Fifteen Point on Novem
ber 10th, 1878, the preachers being Rev. F. Moore, Hon. W. G.
Strong, and Rev. J. F. Betts. A new church was dedicated at
Wellington on September 30th, 1888, the preachers being Rev. H.
P. Cowpertjiwaite, Hon. W. G. Strong, and Rev. Thos. Corbett
(Presbyterian). This was the first Protestant church in the
neighborhood. Revival services followed the opening.

Alberton — The West Cape district was supplied from Bede-
que (although Robert Wilson spent the Conference year 1858-
9 there) until 1860, when it was formed into a mission with W.
C. Brown pastor; 1862, R'd Pratt; 1864, R. M. Smith. In this
same year Cascumpec appears as a separate mission with R.
Pratt as pastor, while 1865 has West Cape and Cascumpec
bracketed with Mr. Pratt, and 1866 has only "One wanted" for
both. In 1867, the single title West Cape appears with C. W.
Dockrill; 1869, J. G. Bigney. In 1870, the title West Cape disap
pears and is replaced by Alberton with Mr. Bigney remaining aa
pastor. Then follow: 1872, L. S. Johnson; 1875, A. Lucas; 1878,
J. Seller; 1881, H. R. Baker and D. D. Moore; 1882, H. R. Bak
er; 1883, M. R. Knight; 1886, W. E. Reynolds; 1888, G. W. Fish
er; 1890, W. Lawson; 1893, T. Hicks; 1896, J. Goldsmith; 1900,
W. J. Howard; 1903, F. A. Wightman; 1907, E. A. Westmorland}
1911, H. S. B. Strothard; 1915, G. F. Dawson; 1917, E. E. Styles;
1920, W S. Godfrey; 1924, H. A. Brown.

This circuit includes Alberton, West Devon, Cascumpec,
Montrose, and Miminigash. A new church was built at the lat
ter place in 1881 and a new parsonage at Alberton in the same
year.

Cape Wolfe and O'Leary — West Cape which was the name
of an early circuit and became merged in Alberton (see Alber
ton) appears again in the Minutes of 1884, as the title of a cir
cuit, with the following ministerial record: 1884, D. H. Lodge;

1887, W. Wass; 1889, E. Bell; 1892, E. Slackford; 1897, A. E.

238

HISTORY OF METHODISM

Chapman; 1901, W. R. Pepper; 1902, name changed to Cape
Wolfe and O'Leary, separate circuits, with W. R. Pepper in
charge at Cape Wolfe; 1905, A. D. McLeod; (O'Leary was
marked "To be supplied'' each year from 1902 till 1906 when H.
Miller served two years and James W. Howe one, 1908-9.) ; in
1909, the two are combined as Cape Wolfe and O'Leary with H.
A. Brown; 1912, G. A. Sellar; 1916, R. M. Brodie; 1919, J. E.
Whitham; 1920, H. T. Smith; 1924, G. S. Stevens.

This circuit includes Cape Wolfe, Bethel, Milburn, O'Leary
and Knutsford. Knutsford and O'Leary amalgamated congrega~
tions and moved the church to O'Leary, a growing center.

Names of men who entered the Methodist ministry from
Prince Edward Island: —

1818— Adam Clarke Avard
1822— Albert DesBrisay
1844— John W. Butcher
1844— James Whitlock

(The last two entered the
Bible Christian Church.)
1851— 'Frederick W. Moore
118152— Alex. M. IDesBrisay
1853— Robt. Wilson
1854 — James "R. .Narraway
185<6 — George Butcher
1857 — Richard Johnson
1867— William Perkin
1861— Samuel B. (Martin
1861 — Charles Ladner
18,61— William W. Psrcival
IS 61— Elias iglackford
1862— William H. Heart*
1863 — 'David LeLacheur
1864 — Alfred LePage
1864 — Ezra B. Moore
1865 — Thomas Rogers
1&66— Joseph Seller
1867— Edwin Mills
18€9— 'Ralph Brecken
1870— William Dobson
1874 — Benjamin Chappell
1875— iSeptimus E. Colwell
1875— nDavid "Hickey
1877 — Peter Robinson
1877— Wallace B. Thomas
1877 — Isaac M. Mellish
1878 — John L. Dawson
1878— Artemus C. Be.ll
1879— John W. Wadman

1879 — ^Daniel D. Moore
1S&0 — Thomas Pierce
l'S'81— (Samuel Howard
1&83— Robert W. J. Clements
1884 — Neil tMoLauchlan
il&8i6— Frank Frizzle
1887— Albert C. .Dennis
18i87— -Alexander D. MdLeod
188S— William J. Howard
1888— John 'B. dough
1891— George A. .Sellar
1891— Edmund Ramsay
/1S91— William A. Thomson
1893 — Cyrus H. Rice
.1893 — Josiah Champion
1&93— John A, Ives
1893— 'Henry Pierce
1898 — John iDystant
1894-nHedley B. .Balder&ton
18i94— JLevi J. Leard
1895 — George A. Ross
18)96 — 'Daniel R. Chowen
1896— Richard J. Campbell
1897 — Jacob Heaney
18i98 — Hammond Johnson
ri899 — J. Artemas Seller
1902 — George Ayers
1903 — George Morrits
1903— Herbert R. Vessey
1904— 'Ernest S. Weeks
1908 — (Frederick T. Bertram
1909 — B en jam in W. Turner
1912 — George T. Metherall
1913 — Bruce Carew
1921-^Arthur Haberlin

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND 23J

"BIBLE CHRISTIANS" IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND

The Bible Christian Connection was a body founded in 1815
by William O'Bryan, a Wesleyan local preacher in Cornwall,
England. In doctrine, the "Bryanites," as they were sometimes
called, were thoroughly Wesleyan. Their work spread somewhat
rapidly in the south-west of England until, representing over two
thousand members, they held their first Conference in 1819. In
1821, they formed a Missionary Society. In 1831, they became
formally organized into a Christian denomination with a legally
secured name and polity.

It was at this Conference that they decided to send out
their first missionaries. Some of their people had emigrated to
Canada West and a few to Prince Edward Island, and at their
earnest request John Glass was sent to Canada West (Ontario)
and Francis Metherall to Prince Edward Island.

Mr. Metherall, after a perilous voyage, arrived, with his
family, at Bedeque, on June 26th, 1832. After some difficulty,
he found a few friends at Union Road, Winslow Road, and the
neighborhood of Charlottetown, and commenced services in
dwelling houses, barns, and in the open-air, as opportunity of
fered. He was an indefatigable worker, making long journeys on
foot, and enduring much hardship. At the end of the first year
he had enrolled forty-seven members. At the close of the second
year he returned sixty members, with thirty-six preaching places,
and the work so extended that, in the following year, 1834, an
assistant, Philip James, was sent to the Island. A small log
church, erected on the Princetown road and occupied for forty-
five years, was the first Bible Christian house of worship on the
Island. Others were soon added, but some of them long remain
ed in an unfinished state.

For some years the work of these devoted evangelists met
with much success. In the years 1842 to .44 great revivals occur
red at Vernon River and neighboring communities reaching to
Murray Harbor and vicinity, adding three hundred and fifty to
the membership. This extension of the work led to the sending
of Messrs. Galloway, Harris, and Gale, from England, to the as
sistance of Mr. Metherall. William Harris soon sickened and
died. Two native missionaries, John W. Butcher and James
Whitlock, were led into the ministry about this time, who became
specially helpful in the work.

An attempt to form a Bible Christian Society at Charlotte-

240 (HISTORY OF METHODISM

town was first made in 1845, but in a few months it was aban
doned, not to be repeated for twelve years. Elsewhere in the Is
land the impulse given by the revival of 1842 caused general
growth, but in 1847 signs of decline became evident. The age of
the superintendent — Metherall — the frequent changes in the
ministerial list by death, removals, and withdrawals; as well as
the heavy loss by emigration to Ontario and the United States,
contributed greatly to the reduction of numbers. Subsequent
special effort, and entrance into new localities again enlarged the
membership but the growth was small and at the union of all the
Methodist bodies of Canada, in 1884, the Bible Christian mem
bership in Prince Edward Island was less than six hundred.

Worn by the incessant toil of twenty-five years, Mr. Meth
erall resigned the superintendence of the work in 1856 and
was succeeded by Cephas Barker, who came out from England
for that purpose, and who carried on an aggressive evangelism
for nine years, during which a good church was built at Char-
lottetown, and others at different places. In 1865, Mr. Barker
was transferred to Ontario and was succeeded by John Chappie,
but under his supervision the work was not sustained as it had
been under Mr. Barker. In 1870, he was succeeded by George
Webber, under whose five years of aggressive work burdensome
debts were paid off, churches and membership increased, and the
cause revived. He was followed by W. S. Pascoe and John Har
ris, until the union of 1884 when the Bible Society Communion
of Prince Edward Island united with the New Brunswick and
Prince Edward Island Conference of The Methodist Church
bringing into it four ministers — Revs. S. H. Rice, J. M. Tredrea,
W. H. Spargo, and W. E. Reynolds, who brought with them
548 members and fifteen on trial. This union worked to the ad
vantage of all parties concerned and also for the advancement
of the cause of God on the Island.

NEWFOUNDLAND 241

CHAPTER IV

NEWFOUNDLAND

The early settlement and development of Newfoundland,
Britain's oldest colony, were attended with much of romance and
heroism, bordering on tragedy. First visited by adventurous
fishermen, it was looked upon as a great mother-ship, moored in
mid-ocean, from which the smaller ships might carry on their
summer fishing operations. Permanent settlement was discour
aged and, for a time, prohibited. In a 'Charter,' issued by the
English Government in 1674, it was ordered that no inhabitant
should be allowed to reside within six miles of the coast from
Cape Race to Bonavista. An officer was sent with orders to re
move all persons settled upon the forbidden grounds, and to des
troy their buildings. Partial obedience to these cruel orders pro
duced much misery, but such selfish conditions could not long
continue, and amended legislation forbade interference with
those already settled along the shores. At the same time, the
owners of all vessels were strictly forbidden to take out 'emi
grants, or any person to settle in Newfoundland.' As those who
came into the country had to do so by stealth, it is easy to see
that no provision would be made for their spiritual welfare. The
results were most disastrous. The people were like sheep with
out a shepherd. No man cared for their souls and demoralization
speedily followed.

As Smith's history says: "It was not to the advantage of the
English merchants — who were growing wealthy through the toil
of the fishermen whose huts stood near their large establishments
and who were transporting their wealth to Britain as fast as it
was accumulated — to pay any attention to the intellectual and
spiritual interests of the increasing numbers, for whom, in a cer
tain sense, they were accountable. Had it not been for the pres
ence of one or two missionaries, sent out and, in part, supported
by the 'Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign
Parts', the darkness in Newfoundland would have been total."

This brings us to Laurence Coughlan and the beginnings of
Methodism in Newfoundland. Coughlan was one of the many
Irish converts of Wesley, like Strawbridge and Embury, who

242 HISTORY OF .METHODISM

were to become so influential in spreading the evangel of salva
tion in the 'New World' of the west. He was received on trial as
a Methodist preacher, by Wesley, in 1755, and immediately met
with success in winning souls for Christ. Mr. Wesley made very
appreciative reference to his ministry, and, when Wesley felt the
necessity of having more ordained helpers, he had Coughlan and
others ordained, in 1764, by Erasmus, a bishop of the Greek
Church, then visiting in England. Charles Wesley was greatly
offended at this action of his brother, and made such a commo
tion that those who had been ordained, other than by an Angli
can bishop, were required either to refrain from the exercise of
their newly-conferred ministerial functions, or to submit to re
moval from the connexion. Coughlan, now nine years in the
itinerancy, resigned, but he did not lose much time in finding
other Christian service, for in 1765, the very next year, we find
him at conception Bay, in Newfoundland, preaching the glad
Gospel of salvation to a very needy people: what immediate in
fluences led him to Newfoundland are not known. Perhaps he
had adopted Wesley's motto — The World is my parish — and
having in some way learned of the spiritual destitution of New
foundland had, with splendid heroism, unsupported by any
church or institution, resolved to carry to them the Gospel. He
found that two Episcopal clergymen, one at St.John's and one at
Trinity, were the only ministers on the Island, and he found more
than five thousand people, in the bounds of Conception Bay, en
tirely deprived of Christian ordinances, and, at Harbor Grace
and Carbonear, he began his eventful missionary labors.

After the lapse of more than a year, the people of Harbor
Grace and Carbonear sent a petition to the Society for the Pro
pagation of the Gospel, London, asking for his appointment
among them as a missionary, in the service of that Society. The
request was granted, and, after a visit to England, when he was
ordained by the Bishop of London, he returned to Newfound
land in September, 1767, to resume his labors. For three years,
he met with little encouragement in his work, but just when he
was ready to give up in despair, a great work of grace began
among the people in Harbor Grace, Carbonear, Blackhead, and
other communities about the Bay. As in all cases where the
devil's kingdom is shaken, persecution followed this revival and
Coughlan's faith and courage were severely tested. However, the
good work grew, for he wrote to Wesley in 1772 reporting two
hundred communicants in the congregations about Conception

NEW'FOUNDLAiND 243

Bay. Coughlan left Newfoundland at the close of 1773, having
spent between seven and eight years of arduous toil on th«
Island.

Now, as Coughlan was employed by the Society for the Pro
pagation of the Gospel, and as he was ordained by an Anglican
Bishop, it may be asked How can Methodism claim him and
count his work as the beginning of Methodism in Newfoundland?
The answer is easy. A Methodist itinerant preacher for nearly
ten years, highly esteemed by John Wesley, but through the?
High Church notions of Charles Wesley restrained from exercis
ing the functions of an ordained minister, he resigned and took
service as an agent of the Society mentioned, but in his work in
Newfoundland he kept in correspondence with John Wesley and
wrote "I am and do confess myself to be a Methodist. The name
I love, and hope I ever shall. The plan which you first taught
me, I have followed, both as to doctrine and discipline."

Coughlan formed societies and appointed local preachers
and, for some years after his departure, these devoted laymen
carried on the work, as their opportunities permitted, the chief
among whom were Thomas Pottle at Carbonear, Arthur Thomey
and John Stretton at Harbor Grace, and John Hoskins, teacher
and preacher, at Old Perlican. These men suffered persecution
patiently for the cause of Christ and kept the torch burning
brightly until missionaries could be obtained from Wesley. The
chief of these lay agents was John Stretton, who, when the suc
cessor of Coughlan, as agent of the Propagation Society, refused
the use of the church to the dissenters and Methodists, as he
called them, after holding services from house to house for some
time, built a church at his own expense. As the result of his
earnest appeal to Mr. Wesley for a minister, he received the glad
tidings, early in 1785, that John McGeary, an ordained minister
of some experience, like Coughlan an Irishman, would be sent
forthwith and in that year the island was placed on the Min
utes with this single laborer appended. In 1786, John Clark
and William Hammett sailed with Dr. Coke to join McGeary in
Newfoundland but a fierce storm drove the ship towards the
West Indies and, reaching Antigua, Dr. Coke directed them to
remain there, much to the loss of the work in Newfoundland.
McGeary was disappointed at conditions in Newfoundland and
could not accommodate himself to circumstances with the result
that there came to be a lack of harmony between him and the
lay leaders in the church. As both preacher and people were

244 HISTORY OF .METHODISM

disappointed, little progress could be made and the outlook was
most discouraging. At this crisis, through the urgent request of
both Wesley and Coke, William Black, with his varied greatness
as preacher and administrator, visited the colony, landing at St.
John's on August 10th, 1791, and proceeding next day to Carbon-
ear. Both McGeary and the people received him with emotion
and under his first sermon at Carbonear the power of God rested
upon the congregation and continued to do so in the many ser
vices which he crowded into the visit of a month, and held at
Port de Grave, Bay Roberts, Harbor Grace, Carbonear, Fresh
water and Blackhead. It is recorded that not less than two hun
dred souls were converted to God during his brief visit to Con
ception Bay. This was not all. The people were encouraged,
regular classes were formed, the church property was secured, the
whole membership was inspired with spiritual life, a guarantee
for the permanence of the work was obtained, and a foundation
laid on which others might successfully build.

McGeary remained in Newfoundland but a few months af
ter Black's departure and returned to England. Thus again the
carrying on of the work fell upon the shoulders of devoted lay
men, largely under the leadership of John Stretton. Added to
the other names of godly lay workers that of George Vey of Port
de Grave now came into prominence.

In 1794, George Smith came from England as a missionary^
for more than a year confining his labors to Conception Bay. In
1796, he was joined by William Thoresby, who remained at Con
ception Bay while Smith went northward, forming societies at
Greenspond, Trinity Bay, and Bonavista. Through exposure he
contracted a serious illness and subsequently endured many
hardships. After rendering good service for three years he re
turned to England in 1797. Thoresby was a man of talent and
popular speech whose preaching was attended by crowded con
gregations. He returned to England in 1798.

In the spring of 1799, James Bulpit succeeded Thoresby in
Conception Bay and remained till 1806 when he returned to Eng
land and later came to Prince Edward Island. Although general
ly popular he did not escape persecution. He came near losing
his life at Carbonear having been locked up in a smoke house
and was nearly suffocated when rescued by a friend.

Previous to Bulpit's departure, John Remmington, an Irish
missionary, reached the island, and for two years was the only
Methodist itinerant in the Colony. He was in labors abundant

NEWFOUNDLAND 245

and the work became so extended that, in 1808, he sailed for
England to secure assistance and, succeeding, he returned in
November accompanied by William Ellis and Samuel McDowell,
two other Irishmen, of kindred spirit, who were destined to play
an influential part in establishing Methodism on firm foundations
in the land. It is of interest to note how large a part Irishmen
had in -introducing and building up Methodism in Newfoundland.
Coughlan and McGeary, the first preachers, and John Stretton
and Arthur Thomey, the great local preachers, were Irish, and
Remmington, Ellis, and McDowell were of the same enterprising
race. The latter three were providentially saved for this work.
They had engaged passage from England in a fishing vessel
which left without them and which never reached Newfoundland.
She was, no doubt, lost on the way and had they been on board
they also must have perished.

Reaching Newfoundland, Remmington allowed the newer
men to remain in Conception Bay, whilst he went further north
making Trinity his headquarters and branching out to Bonavista
and other settlements, organizing new societies and establishing
causes already begun. Under this "Irish Trio", the work of God
greatly prospered all around Conception Bay, Trinity, Bonavista,
and other districts. Societies were organized and churches built
in many places and revival services led many into the member
ship of the church. Remmington abounded in labor till 1810
when he returned to Ireland, where he continued to labor effec
tively until 1834, when he became a supernumerary and died in
1838, aged sixty-six years. Ellis was the first missionary to make
his permanent home in Newfoundland. Lench says "He loved the
fishermen and labored amongst them for twenty-nine years." He
died at Harbor Grace, September 21st, 1830, aged fifty years, the
first Methodist missionary to be buried in the "Ancient Colony".
He preached the first sermons in the churches erected at Grate's,
Cove, Bonavista, and Bird Island Cove, and the name of the last
mentioned place has been changed to Elliston in memory of him.
He was the means of turning many to righteousness. McDowell
was a man of more than ordinary ability both as a preacher and
organizer, and was permitted to lead many into the Kingdom,
especially at Western Bay and Island Cove. Having severely
cut his leg by falling through the ice at the latter place and not
being able to travel, but able to stand, he began a series of special
services which developed into a wonderful work of grace. In
1814, broken in health, McDowell returned to Britain, after six

246 HISTORY OF METHODISM

years of devoted service, and, after a rest, resumed ministerial
work in Ireland. He finished his course in 1855, in the seventy-
sixth year of his age and the forty-eighth of his ministry. The
early records make brief reference to William Ward, a young
missionary who was sent out to Newfoundland in 1810 and sta
tioned at Bonavista until 1812, when he was drowned, with all
the crew of a fishing-boat in which he had taken passage from
Bonavista to St. John's.

To show what thoughtful care Dr. Coke had for his mission
aries, the following item concerning Ward will be of interest. He
wrote from Bolton to the Missionary Committee as follows: "1
request that the Committee will provide brother Ward with a
large quantity of flannel and fleece hosiery. If we do not, we
may be, unintentionally, the cause of his death, for he is going
to a part of Newfoundland which is most exquisitely cold. Be
pleased, also, dear friend, to let him have very warm stockings
and very warm clothes of every kind." Neither did he forget the
"Irish trio", for he added: "If you send a very large roll of
flannel as a present to the three other preachers, you will do very

well I'll not slacken my hand in begging. . . . Let us go

on, and God will bless and protect us."

In April, 1812, a vessel reached St. John's, on board of which
were two missionaries bound for Nova Scotia but driven by storm
and ice into St. John's. One was Richard Taylor, well advanced
in years, and married, the other William Croscombe, very youth
ful in appearance. Taylor was persuaded to remain in New
foundland and went to Carbonear where he acted in the double
capacity of preacher and teacher, assisted in the duties of the
latter position by his wife. His two years' incumbency ended un
fortunately, through drink, both for himself and the cause. In
the Minutes of 1813, a membership of 340 was reported from
Newfoundland. About this time when ministers increased and
missions, or circuits, were formed with separate boundaries, New
foundland was constituted a District (in 1815) with William
Ellis as its first Chairman. In 1813, Sampson Busby, a York-
shireman, succeeded McDowell at Carbonear and his wife opened
a school for young ladies in that town. They remained in New
foundland for four years in fruitful labors and then removed to
Prince Edward Island.

Smith's History has the following paragraph: "In January,
1816, an important meeting took place at Carbonear. Sermons
were preached on the Sunday, and on Monday evening John

NEWFOUNDLAND 247

Gosse, Esq., presided at a gathering of the ministers and leading
laymen. These unanimously recommended the appointment to
Trinity of a minister who should visit the several harbors in
Trinity Bay; of a second to Fortune Bay, where the inhabitants,
about five thousand in number, and nearly all Protestants, had
never had a minister or teacher; of a third, to take the oversight
of a large number of neglected Protestants about Burin, in Pla-
centia Bay; and of another, for the inhabitants of Bay Roberts
and Spaniards' Bay. Attention was also called to the gross spir
itual darkness of several other districts of the island.

As a proof of interest in the issue of their representations,
several laymen forwarded nearly thirty-one pounds to the Mis
sionary Committee, with a list of subscribers, which appeared in
the report for 1817 as the first ever forwarded from a British
colony."

At the English Conference of 1816 no less than six ministers
were selected for service in Newfoundland. They were John Bell
— successor to Ellis as chairman — George Cubitt and John
Walsh, who had seen service at home and Ninian Barr, John
Haigh, and Richard Knight, beginning their ministry. Ellis, Bus
by, James and Thomas Hickson, and John Pickavant were al
ready in the country, the latter three arriving in 1815.

With the increase in missionaries in 1816, the work was more
definitely divided into Stations, and in that year the following
was the list:

St. John's — George Cubitt.

Carbonear — John Walsh.

Harbor Grace — Ninian Barr.

Blackhead — John Pickavant.

Western Bay — John Haigh.

Island Cove and Perlican — John Bell.

Port de Grave — James Hickson.

Bonavista — Thomas Hickson.

Trinity Harbor — William Ellis.

Fortune Bay — Richard Knight.

Hants Harbor — John Lewis.

This list does not agree with the station-sheet of the British
Conference, but discretionary power was given to the District for
the making of changes, and the above is the correct list for the
year mentioned.

Having described the development of the work, thus farr
from a general standpoint, we will now give, as far as possible, a

248 HISTORY OF METHODISM

summary of the history of the circuits following the order of the
Stations as found in the Year Book of 1924.

Before doing this, however, we will refer to the formation oi
the Newfoundland Conference in 1874 and give the statistics of
that date, then of 1884, when the second union took place and
then of the concluding year of the Methodist church (1924) be
fore entering the United Church of Canada, in June, 1925.

At the final session of the Conference of Eastern British
America, held at Charlottetown, in 1874, its territory was divided
into three Conferences, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince
Edward Island, and Newfoundland. The first two were organ
ized at that time and it was ordered that the Newfoundland Con
ference should be organized as soon as practicable, at the call of
the co-delegate of the old Conference, who was the Rev. George
S. Milligan, M.A., of St. John's. The assembly took place on
August 5th, 1874, in the beautiful new George Street church, St.
John's. The Rev. Geo. S. Milligan was elected President, the
Rev. Thomas Harris, Secretary, and the Rev. John Goodison,
Journal Secretary, with Rev. George J. Bond, then a probationer,
as his assistant, and who had the honor of writing up the Journal
of the first session of the Conference. Thus the newly organized
church court entered upon its sessions, formed its committees,
laid plans for its year's work, and began a chapter in the history
of Newfoundland Methodism which has been marked through
succeeding years by progress and development practically un
interrupted. As in the other Conferences the stations for the
year had been fixed before the dissolution of the old E. B. A.
Conference.

The Newfoundland Conference began its career in 1874 with
thirty-seven circuits, in which were 4,409 full members with 1,250
on trial. These were cared for by thirteen ordained ministers and
twenty- four probationers. In 1884 the circuits had increased to
fifty-two, on which there were 6,971 members, with 1,591 on trial.
There were thirty-eight ministers, two of whom were Supernum
eraries, and twenty-one probationers. During these ten yean?
three ministers and one probationer had died, ten ministers and
three probationers had been transferred out and two transferred
in. Adding the twenty-four probationers above named, seventy-
one candidates had been received. Of these, thirty-seven had
been ordained, one had died, three had been transferred, and
twenty-one remained on probation, leaving nine who had dropped
in one way or another.

NEWFOUNDLAND 249

In 1924, fifty years from the organization of the Newfound
land Conference, there are seventy-eight stations manned by
thirty-nine ordained men, twenty-two probationers and seven
teen supplies. Besides these there are, as ordained men, three
connexional officers, twelve superannuates, one missionary to
China, five on leave of absence, and three at college. Besides
these latter, there are thirty-three probationers at college. The
total church membership is 13,361 and the total Sunday School
force 21,368. The Methodist population of the Island, at the
1923 census was 74,152. The figures for the other communions
were Roman Catholics 86,489, Church of England, 84,663, Salva
tion Army 13,084, Presbyterian 1,884, Congregationalist 1,018.
all others 1,689.

The changes in the ministerial personnel of the Newfound
land Conference are much greater than in any of the other older
Conferences because it has so many young, unmarried men's ap
pointments necessitating the transfer of many men at, or shortly
after, their ordination. Until recent years, the great majority of
candidates for the ministry of this Conference came out from
England. Whilst some still come from England a much larger
proportion of candidates than formerly are now entering the min
istry from the circuits of the native born young men. For many
years the Newfoundland Conference was greatly indebted to Mr.
Joseph Lawrence, of East Keswick, Yorkshire, England, for the
selection and education of suitable young men for its ministry.
In 1880 there were only two native ministers in the Conference.
In the year of Union (1925) of a roll, including students, of about
one hundred and forty there were one hundred native preachers,
with few vacancies to supply.

The Newfoundland Conference began in 1874 with only two
Districts — St. John's and Carbonear — covering the whole work.
This continued till 1878 when the District of Bonavista was con
stituted, in 1887, Burin; in 1896, Twillingate; in 1921, Grand
Falls, and in 1922, Wesleyville, making seven Districts as at
present.

One well acquainted with the work in Newfoundland writes:
"Any review of the work in Newfoundland should do justice to
the faithful work of the godly laymen (Lay Readers) who car
ried on the work in the absence of ministers — sometimes for
months and even for years when men were scarce. Class-leaders
too, men and women, I knew who were veritable pastors of the
flock, also Sunday School teachers and officers. Outside of Eng-

250 HISTORY OF .METHODISM

land, I never knew churches so well served by laymen. The young
probationers are greatly helped by these devout, loyal, and true
co-workers."

ST. JOHN'S DISTRICT

St. John's — Fifty years elapsed between Coughlan's coming
to Harbor Grace and the appointment of the first Methodist min
ister to St. John's. Considering the commanding position St.
John's occupies in the Colony, this may, at first thought, seem
strange, but the relative importance of the city was not so great
in those days, the population was less than ten thousand, and
three quarters of the population were Roman Catholics, and, be
sides an Anglican church, there was an Independent or Congrega
tional church which ministered to the so-called dissenters. It is
also to be remembered that for twelve years after Coughlan's de
parture the work which he began was carried on by devoted lay
men, and it was twenty years after Coughlan's coming before tha
first Wesleyan Methodist missionary was appointed to the Island.
As the city grew and Methodist people moved in from Concep
tion Bay and many temporary visits were made by shipmen and
others to the harbor, the necessity for something more than the
small Independent church was felt, and about 1813 earnest re
quests were being made for a settled minister in the city. In
1814, it was decided to proceed with the erection of a small
church in the following spring, and in that year, 1815, St. John's
first appeared among the stations of the Newfoundland District,
founded in that year. This first church was built at Gower Street
and completed on December 26th, 1815. In the autumn of that
year, the appointed minister being delayed in his arrival from
England, John Pickavant was transferred, by the Chairman of
the District, from Port de Grave, and became the first stationed
minister. Immediately success attended his ministry and sixteen
persons were added to the membership, when, alas, in a confla
gration which consumed a large section of the city, the little
church was destroyed by fire on February 12th, 1816, only a few
months after its dedication.

On September 17th, 1816, the foundation stone was laid for
a new church which was opened on Christmas-day, 1816, and the
outlook was becoming encouraging, when two devouring fires in
November, only a fortnight separate in time, swept over the city

NEWFOUNDLAND 251

rendering two thousand people homeless and destroying much of
the wealth of the people. The .church was not burned, but the
congregation was scattered and financially crippled with a large
debt on the church hanging over them. As a large, new church
at Carbonear was also destroyed by fire about this time, the Rev.
John Pickavant was requested by the District to go to England
and make an appeal for assistance. He received a most generous
response, more than two thousand pounds being contributed. This-
was divided between St. John's and Carbonear, the former being
enabled to pay off its debt and build a parsonage and the latter
so assisted as to be able to rebuild. This help for St. John's was
very opportune as another heavy fire in 1819 brought several of
the church's supporters to the verge of ruin.

The people had been severely chastened but the cause pros
pered, every year adding considerable strength to the member
ship, so that, in the first pastorate of Pickavant and that of Cu-
bitt, his successor, a church of seventy communicants had been
gathered.

Through the influence of the talented young Methodist
preacher, George Cubitt, Lieutenant Richard John Vickers, of
the Imperial forces in St. John's, was converted and became a
zealous Christian worker and local preacher, so that, besides oth
ers, more than eighty soldiers entered into Christian fellowship.
Lieutenant Vicars became the father of Capt. Hedley Vicars, the
godly soldier of Crimean renown, leader of "Vicars' Saints" of
heroic fame, and who was killed when repelling a night attack
by the Russians, on March 22nd, 1855.

As the work grew in St. John's and calls for service came
from Quidi Vidy, Portugal Cove, Petty Harbor, Topsail, Pouch
Cove, and other communities, the task was too great for one man,
and although he was assisted by such acceptable local preachers
as Christopher Vey and David Rogers, quite a few people in one
community, who were Protestants, wearied of waiting for a
preacher, became Roman Catholics. Occasionally two preachers
were associated in the city but the supply of candidates for the
ministry was not sufficient to meet the demand and the Mission
ary Committee had to turn a deaf ear to urgent appeals for more
men.

In 1852, no seats could be obtained in the one Methodist
church of the town, and measures were taken for the erection of
a second, but financial reverses caused a further delay of five
years. In 1857, the brick church, so widely known as "Old Gower

252 HISTORY OF METHODISM

St.", was built. To make room for its erection the old wooden
chapel was "launched" from its site to a spot on the opposite side
of Gower Street and the Sunday services were held in it until the
new church was built. The new church was dedicated on No
vember 29th, 1857, the Rev. Dr. Richey being the preacher of the
day. Rev. Henry Daniel, who was then superintendent of the
circuit, in a letter to the English missionary authorities stated:
"At present nearly all the sittings are engaged. . . . The church
is large, but hardly large enough for a rising community like St.
John's." The erection of this church with its spacious and com
fortable interior gave a great impetus to St. John's Methodism.
His words soon came true. Methodists were obliged to build an
other church on George Street in the West End, at a cost of about
$30,000. This massive stone church, with a beautiful audi
torium, splendid organ, and lofty and spacious basement was
opened by the Rev. George S. Milligan, then superintendent of
the St. John's circuit, on December 14th, 1873, and during its half
century of history it has been the centre of a very vigorous and
progressive Methodism. The name of the late Hon. C. R. Ayre
is inseparably connected with the building, maintenance, and
spiritual prosperity of this fine church. This church "swarmed''
twice and had to build two other churches to "hive" its surplu?
congregation and provide for the expansion of Methodism in the
west end of the city. The first of these, Alexander Street, was
the outcome of the zeal and foresight of the late Rev. George
Boyd whose name will long be remembered in St. John's. In 1884
he persuaded the trustees to purchase a small school house half
a mile further west than George Street, established in it a Sunday
School and made it a preaching place and in a short time a
church was erected which soon had to be doubled in size.

The other erection was that of a church on the South Side
where a Sunday School was established and where local preachers
and other Christian workers found splendid opportunities for
usefulness. Besides this a mission Sunday School was opened at
Centenary Hall and a Sunday School established.

In a very few years after the building of the church on
George Street, the need of a church in the east end of the city be
gan to be felt, and accordingly in 1879 plans were chosen and a
site selected at the head of Cochrane Street, one of the finest
thoroughfares of the city, in close proximity to the government
house and in a neighborhood almost exclusively residential. Here
was opened in 1882 an exceedingly graceful structure of wood

NEWFOUNDLAND 25;

with an auditorium capable of seating a thousand or more, fin
ished beautifully in pitch pine, and so light and elegant in its
proportions that it was particularly admired. A fine pipe organ
was placed in its spacious choir, and it started on a career of
growing usefulness.

On Sunday evening, January 18th, 1914, about an hour after
the evening service, this beautiful edifice, in some unaccountable
manner, fell a victim to fire and was totally destroyed. The
courageous congregation soon started to rebuild, on the old site,
a large and elegant church with special accommodation for Sun
day School work. The corner-stone was laid by Rev. Dr. Chown,
General Superintendent, on June 29th, 1914. This great modern
church built of concrete and internally beautifully finished in
natural wood, with its towering pillars and arched ceilings has a
cathedral appearance. The ventilation is perfect. Unfortunate
ly the acoustic properties are not good and the matter of apply
ing a remedy has given much serious thought to the officials. The
organ is one of the best in America, and the organist and choir
render splendid music. The large Sunday School building attach
ed to the rear was opened for Divine service on March 19, 1916r
and the formal dedication of the completed building took place
on June 18th, 1916, Rev. C. Howse, President of the Conference,
presiding, and the preacher of the day being Rev. Dr. Cowperth-
waite and Rev. C. A. Whitemarsh, the pastor. Hon. H. J. B.
Woods was superintendent of the Sunday School of this church
for thirty-three years.

"Old Gower St.", as the mother church had long been fondly
called, was completely destroyed in the terrible fire which swept
the city on the 8th of August, 1892.

The stricken congregation — most of them without home as
well as church — met for a few Sundays at Fleming Street School
Chapel, near the end of Monkstown Road. But a large tempor
ary structure of wood, known as the "Tabernacle" was started on
the 15th of September, and dedicated for worship on the 2nd of
October, 1892. It stood on the site now occupied by Parade
Street School, and was a marvel of neatness and comfort. It was
used until the present Gower Street new brick church was opened
in 1894.

Rev. Dr. Carman, General Superintendent of the Church of
Canada, laid the foundation of the new Gower Street church,
and Rev. Dr. Potts officiated at the opening. It stands on the
site of the wooden chapel of 1816. The church has two galleries,

254

and is so large that it seats, on special occasions, sixteen hundred
people. It has well equipped vestries, class rooms, church parlor,
etc., a League room, and a fine Sunday School room, besides all
the luxurious fittings of a modern church. It cost about $75,000,
and large outlays have been made since. Its interior is exceed
ingly comfortable and has fine acoustic properties. An Audi-
phone is attached to the pulpit for the benefit of any who are
deaf.

In 1908, George Street church was enlarged increasing its
seating capacity to twelve hundred. In 1913, the Hon. J. B. Ayra
presented this church with a splendid new pipe organ. The old
organ was donated by James Murray.

In 1909 the Alexander Street Circuit felt the need of more
church accommodation, and began the erection of a new church
at the junction of Lemarchant Road with Hamilton Street. Hon.
Jas. S. Pitts, C.M.G., laid the foundation stone, and Rev. Dr.
Carman, the veteran General Superintendent, opened it in the
presence of a large audience which included no less than seventy
ministers of the Conference which was then in session. This
building was named Wesley Church at the suggestion of Rev. R.
W. Freeman, then its pastor. It cost $26,000. The congregation
used the old church at Alexander Street for evangelistic services
until 1910, when it was accidentally destroyed by fire. This
church seats one thousand persons.

This comparatively small city has four splendid Methodist
churches, equipped with excellent pipe organs, presided over by
experts of unusual ability, accompanying choirs of great talent,
and the preachers are inspired by large and attentive congre
gations.

The new Gospel Mission premises on Adelaide Street were
dedicated in December, 1920, by Rev. Dr. Fenwick, President of
the Conference, assisted by the city ministers.

The churches of this city have been visited with frequent
revivals of great power, specially under the ministry of George S.
Milligan and later under Humphrey P. Cowperthwaite. The
evangelists, Crossley and Hunter, spent February and March of
1899 in the city and many were added to the membership. In
1920, under Mrs. Demorest and associates powerful services were
also held.

A tablet, occupying a prominent place in Gower Street
church reads: "This tablet commemorates the founding of the
Methodist Church in the city of St. John's, in the year 1815, by

NEWFOUNDLAND 255

the Rev. John Pickavant, of Lancashire, Eng., and honors the
memory of those faithful missionaries who, with him, have pro
foundly influenced the religious life of Newfoundland." From
the appended list of pastors, it will be seen that several men have
been stationed four, or more, times in the city, notably John
Pickavant (in the early days of short terms), Geo. J. Bond, and
H. P. Cowperthwaite. Perhaps the revered Dr. Cowperthwaite
spent a longer period than any other in the pastoral work of the
churches and none more influential for good. The ministry of
Geo. S. Milligan was specially effective but he soon became iden-i
tified with the educational work of the Colony as superintendent
of Methodist schools.

No tablet needs to be erected to the memory of the devoted
laymen who have so liberally contributed to the upbuilding of
Methodism in the city. The splendid churches, college, college
home, and orphanage are their enduring monuments. Special
mention is made, in this respect, of such men as Hons. C. R. and
J. B. Ayre, J. S. Pitts and Campbell McPherson by whose gener
osity liberal things could be devised and accomplished. Other
prominent names of past worthies appear, such as J. J. Rogerson,
J. E. P. Peters, James Angel, John Steer, E. White, J. Rooney, J
Withycombe, H. J. B. Woods, A. Marshall, and others who have
entered into their rest and whose works follow them.

Any sketch of St. John's Methodism would be incomplete
which omitted mention of the Methodist College. This institu
tion which stands easily first among the highest educational
forces of the colony is the fruit of the foresight and generosity of
the Methodist people of the city and the development of a central
institution begun many years ago in a small way, but now occu
pying an immensely important and strategic position as an edu
cational and denominational centre. The first college, built of
wood but large and thoroughly modem in equipment, was opened
in 1886 and cost with its adjacent boarding Home some $40,000.
But it was one of the first buildings to be burned in the fire of
1892, and the Methodists of Newfoundland beheld their college,
the pride and joy of the denomination and the object of so much
faith and liberality go up in smoke.

Soon, however, they rallied from the shock and aided by
generous contributions from the Methodists of the Dominion of
Canada, erected a splendid building of brick which occupied the
old site — loftier, ampler, more modern than its predecessor. Here
under the care of Principal Holloway, whose success as an edu-

256 HISTORY OF METHODISM

cator had been the great upbuilder of the college, a large number
of teachers were employed, and between three and four hundred
young people of both sexes trained in the different departments
The students continued to win great successes in the government
examinations and in the matriculation examinations of the Lon
don University, frequently carrying off the highest prizes.

The Methodist College in St. John's was established in 1859
under the more unassuming name of the "Wesleyan Academy.''
Mr. Alexander S. Reid, M.A. (Edin.), was the first principal
After his resignation some ten years later, he was succeeded by
William Edward Henry, Esq., M.A., a typical Irish gentleman
highly educated, a most brilliant lecturer, and an earnest Chris
tian. He soon showed a remarkable gift as an organizer, and
planned great things for the College. He was well assisted by
E. Hancock, in Music and Language, and by J. W. Nichols in
Art. Rev. J. Parkins acted for a brief period at that time as
Junior Master before entering the ministry. The newly remod
elled College became a great success from the very start, and
easily took the lead educationally. But to the very deep regret
of all who knew him, Mr. Henry's health suddenly broke down
and he returned home to Ireland to die.

Mr. R. E. Holloway, B.A., F.C.S., (Lond.), was the next
Principal, and being a specialist in Science he ably filled the gap
which Mr. Henry had hoped to see filled.

As the College continued to grow, a Model School was erect
ed, and later a fine College was built in the grounds. This was
lost in the fire of 1892, and the present larger structure put in its
place in 1894. The College, with its fine Public Hall for lectures
and similar purposes, together with the College Home and Prin
cipal's House, made unquestionably the most complete pile of
educational buildings in Newfoundland. It included a labora
tory, gymnasium, Art class-room, manual training department,
and provision for every grade of student from the Kindergarten
to the College proper. Its initial cost was $80,000, and expensive
additions were afterwards made. In the college hall there was a
fine organ, the last gift of Hon. C. R. Ayre to the College. Prin
cipal Holloway died in September, 1904, greatly lamented. The
splendid work so long directed by him is being worthily con
tinued by the present Principal, S. Talbot Harrington, Esq., M.A.
(Oxon). Connected with the College is the College Home, a
boarding department where pupil-teachers for the Methodist
Board Schools, the children of ministers, and the children of out-

NEWFOUNDLAND 257

port Methodists may receive home care during the years of their
school-life in St. John's. The Home has been fortunate in the
persons who have occupied the positions of Guardians and Chap
lains—Revs. G. P. Story, Dr. M. Fenwick, Dr. T. B. Darby and
their excellent and devoted wives.

Further extensions in the educational plant have been plan
ned to be carried out so soon as financial conditions will justify
the adventure. The history of Methodist educational develop
ment in the city, and throughout the island, is one of which our
people may be justly proud. The liberality of the people of
means, especially in the city, has been of the most commendable
character.

Some years ago the Prince of Wales laid the corner-stone for
a new college residence but circumstances have thus far prevent
ed its erection.

The Methodist Orphanage, which is serving a most useful
purpose, made possible by the noble bequest of the late Hon. C.
R. Ayre, was formally opened in July of 1901.

On January 19th, 1924, since the above was written, the
splendid Methodist College was destroyed by fire at a loss of
$200,000 with an insurance of $92,000. The fine organ, portraits
of benefactors, and invaluable records and furnishings were de
stroyed. This disaster, like many another calamity, seems des
tined to prove a blessing in disguise as it concentrated the atten
tion of the people upon the educational needs of the city and led
to the union of the Methodist, Presbyterian and Congregational
churches in a common educational policy, promising the reor
ganization of the schools under their control and the rebuilding
of the college. An intensive canvass for funds was made and
the splendid sum of $133,000 was subscribed in one week. Thi?
added to insurance and other funds, amounting to $125,000, en
abled them to commence the carrying out of a building program
which will ultimately involve the expenditure of half a million
dollars. The courage and liberality of the people have been most
commendable. When the undenominational Junior College, pro~
vided for by the annual grant from the Carnegie Trust, becomes
operative the educational facilities of the city will be of an high
order.

The following is the list of pastors of the St. John's city
churches the sub-heads showing when the divisions were made
and separate stations formed: —

258

HISTORY OF METHODISM

Under The British Conference

1815-16 — John Pickavant
1816-17 — .Ninian Barr, Assist.
1816-17— ^Richard Knight, Assist.
1816-18-^George Cubitt
1818-20— John Bell
1820-2,1— John Pickavant
1820-21— William Wilson, Col.
18'21-24— John Walsh
1824-<25 — Thomas Hickson
1826-27— William Croscombe
1825-3i6— iNinian Barr, Col.
l#27-3a-^John Pickavant
1831-32 — John Tomkins, Col.
1832-34— John Haigh
1834-35— George Ellidge
1835-36— John 'Smithies

1836-39— (William iF'aulkner
183i9-41 — John Pickavant
1840 — James England

Supplied the Congregational
Church by appointment of

the District Meeting
1841-42— John .Snow-ball
1843-44— tfngham Sutcliffe
1844-49— Richard Williams
1,845-47 — John Brewster, Col.
1846-48— Adam Nightingale, 'Supy.
l!84'8-31— -031 .'as Brettle
1849-50— William iFaulkner
1850-55— tfJdmurd Botterill
1851-53— John S. Addy
1854-55— John S. Phinney

Under The Eastern British American Conference

1855-56 — Thomas Angwin
1855-56 — Samuel W. Sprague, Col.
1856-7— Robert A. Chesley
1855-57 — James iDove, Assist.
1-857-60 — 'Henry iDaniel
1857-58 — Thomas Smith, Col.
185*8-60— John Winterbotham,

Assist.

18&5M56 — tAdam Nightingale, Supy.
1860-63— Edmund Botterill
1860-62 — John Waterhouse, Assist.
186i2-83 — Joseph Pascoe, Assist.

1863^66-nPaul Prestwood

1863-64— Charles Ladner, Assist.

1864-67 — Joseph Gaetz, Assist

1864-67— -Alfred W. Turner, Assist.

1866-69 — John Prince

1867-68 — Charles Comben, Ool.

1867-69— Samuel R. Ackman, Assist.

1869-72— James Dove

1869-72 — Stephen T. Teed, Ool.

(1870-71— Alfred W. Turner, Supy.

1872-73 — Henry Loud Granford

Under The Newfoundland Conference

1873-75— -Geo. Seaton .Milligan, M.A.
187.2-73— Thos. Whitfield Atkinson

Assist.

1872-74 — James Nurse. Assdst.
1873-75 — Joseph Lister. Assist.
1874-75 — Joseph Pascoe. Col.
1875-78— Thos. Harris
1874-76— <leo. J. Bond, B.A., Assist.
1875-77— John Pratt. Assist.
1875-78 — Simeon B. Dunn. Ool.
1877-79— Wm. Kendall. Assist.
1-877-78 — Joseph A. Jackson. Assist
1877-79— Geo. Paine. Assist.
1878-81 — Job 'Shenton
1878-81 — Charles Ladner. Col.
1879-80 — Geo. Philli&kirk Story

Assist.
1880-81 — James Wilson. Assist.

St. John's East Circuit
GOWER STRiEET CHURCH

18&1-83— Wm. Webb Percival
18i82-83 — Geo. Noble. Assist
1884-86-nGeo. J. Bond, B.A.,
1886-87 — Geo. Vater
1)887-89— Geo. Boyd

COCHRlAINiE .STREET CHURCH
1883-84— G. J. Bond, B.A. Assist.
1884-86— Geo. Vater. Assist.
1886-88 — J. Parkins. Assist.

GCTWiBR STREET CIRCUIT
1890-92— (H. P. Cowperthwaite,
MA.

NEWFOUNDLAND

259

189.3-95— Arthur Dwight Morton,

M.A.

1896-98— Levi -Curtis, B.A.
1899-02— Geo. S. Milligan, M.A.,

LiL.D. ,Supy.
18'9<9-03— H. P. Cowperthwaite,

M.A., D.1D.

1903-06— -John L. Dawson, B.A.
1906-09— .Walter T. D. Dunn
1910-11— iH. P. Cowperthwaite,

:M.A., 'D.D.
1911-..— iH. P. Cowperthwaite,

M.A., D.D. S-upy.

19ill-13 — Jabez Ayre Rogers, D.D.
1913-14— H. P. Cowperthwaite,

D.D.
J&914-18 — Douglas B. iHemmeon,

B.A.

1918-22^E. William 'Forbes, M.A.,
1932-.. — (Hammond Johnson

COCHRAiNE STREET CIRCUIT

1888-89— F. R. Duffill
1889-92— John Pratt
1892-95— Geo. Paine
1895-98 — James Pin cock
18i98-01 — Fred W. W. Des'Barres,

B.A.
1901-03— JH. P. Cowperthwaite,

D.D.

1903-07— Fred R. Matthews
19'07-ll^W. H. Webber
1911-16— C. A. Whitemarsh, M.A.,

B.D.

1916-21— Geo. J. Bond, LL.D.
1921-25— Charles H. Johnson,

B.D.
1926- . . — E. C. French

St. John's West Circuit

GEORGE STREET 'GHUROH
1881-83-/T. H. James

1881-8*2— Chas J. Duffill. Assist.
1884-86— George Boyd
1887-89— Geo. J. Bond, B.A.
18&8-07-^Tames Dove. D.D.

•Supy.

1890-93— A. D. Morton, M.A.
1893-96— iH. P. Cowperthwaite,

M.A.

1896-98— John T. Newman
1&99-00— Geo. E. Heal
1900-02^-J. L. Dawson, B.A.

ALEXANDER STREET CHUROH

(A&aistants)

1885-&6—Geo. C. iFrazer
1887-88-^John E. Manning
1889-90— W. H. Adams
1891-92-^W. J. Hutcheson
1S93-94— J. J. IBlythe
1895-96— Geo. E. Heal
18919-01-^S. J. Russell

GEORGE STREET CIRCUIT

190i3-05— W. T. D. Dunn
1906-09 — Charles Hackett
1910-14— John W. Bartlett
1914-.18— iN. M. Guy, M.A.
1918-21— (D. B. Hemmeon, B.A.
1921-215— !R. IE. Fair'baiirn
19i25-. . — C. H. Johnson, B.D.

ALEXANDER STREET CIRCUIT

1902-06 — Chas Lench

1906-08 — R. W. .Freeman

Name Changed to Wesley Circuit

1908-09 — John Line, Assist.

1910*11— J. K. Curtis, B.A.

1'911-13^F. R. Mathews, B.A.

1914-18— H. Royle

1918-22— W. B. Bugden, iB.A.

19i2i2-..— J. G. Joyce, B.A.

The Gospel Missior^-'FoT full fifty years there has been a
voluntary Methodist organization in St. John's known as the
Gospel Mission. Nearly that many years ago in a northern section
of the town which was then building with small houses a Metho
dist school house was erected. A group of workers began to hold
evangelistic services there. Their leader was John Taylor, a

260 HISTORY OF METHODISM

native of Old Perlican. With him was associated a Mr. Knight.
This was on Fleming Street. Sometime later the old Congrega-
tionalist meeting-house on Victoria Street was offered for sale
after being used for some years as an Oddfellows hall. The late
Archibald McPherson, Sr., bought the property and placed it at
the disposal of the Mission. On his death, a change of arrange
ments had to be made. A house on New Gower Street had been
willed to the conference. This was in a good situation for true
mission work. So the partitions were taken out and services held
there for a time. Later still The British Hall, a large building at
the East end of town, was hired and finally some ten years ago a
property at the chief junction of the street cars down town and
bounded by three streets was bought for some $20.000 by a pro
perly organized City Mission Board and a hall erected on a va
cant part of the property which was then leased to the group of
workers.

Following Messrs Taylor and Knight, Mr. Vincent, a Coch-
rane Street worker, became the chief leader and did very devoted
work. After him came Mr. Kenneth Barnes of Wesley Church
who has been greatly assisted by Mrs. Barnes, who is a very finp
pianist. Rev. Edwin Moore was appointed to this mission in
1925.

Pouch Cove — This settlement lies eighteen miles north of St.
John's on the extreme point between Conception Bay and the At
lantic. Its people are of Devon descent and came hither from
the north side of Conception Bay. Between there and St. John's
there is a large Roman Catholic population. Connected with
Pouch Cove as a circuit, for a long time, was Portugal Cove,
twelve miles from the city at right angles to the Pouch Cove
Road and a long distance from the latter Cove. As soon as th<»
development of the iron mines at Bell Island called for a minis
ter there Portugal Cove was detached from Pouch Cove and con
nected with Bell Island from which it is separated by a regular
ferry. Pouch Cove was supplied for many years from St. John's.
Then it became the residence of the third man on the St. John'?
circuit. Among these were Messrs Atkinson, Nurse, Lister, Pratt.
Paine, Bond and others, under whom noted revivals of religion
were experienced. Special memory is cherished of a great work
of grace during the term of Mr. Bond which commenced under an
inspiring sermon preached by Mr. Lister. A large number of men
from the crews of sealing schooners which were jammed in thf

NEWFOUNDLAND 261

ice near Pouch Cove, waiting a chance to get north, came ashore
to the services. One of these schooners, the Water Witch, was
later lost with half of her crew.

William Kendall was the first married minister to reside at
the Cove and he had the parsonage built in 1880. The present
beautiful church was built during the pastorate of Jabez Hill
(1900-03). The new parsonage was built during the term of W-
H. Browning (1914-18) and a storey was added to the school
building. The memory of Solomon Matthews, who was station
ed here three times and whose ministry was attended with great
ingatherings, is lovingly cherished on this circuit. He died at
Pouch Cove in 1910 much lamented. The ministry of Hatcher
and Browning was of a constructive character leaving permanent
good results.

Several young men from Pouch Cove have entered the min
istry, amongst them being Dr. Allan Hudson who died in Can
ada. Clement Eastabrook, a son of the old lay reader, and Wm.
Pippy entered the ministry in Montana, Mrs. Eastabrook being
a Miss Pippy from the Cove. Albert B. Hudson is stationed in
Toronto and Berkley Noseworthy entered the ministry in the
United States.

Pouch Cove has been blessed by strong and devoted lay
workers. Joseph Baggs, School teacher, came from Broad Cove,
Blackhead, and was a power for good as a lay-reader. He wa?
succeeded by Aubrey Crocker, John Estabrook and Reuben Pip
py all of whom, in turn, rendered splendid service. Others men
tioned are Thomas and William Hudson, Nicholas Thistle
George and Richard Noseworthy and the present leader W. Ber-
kely Eastabrook, son of John. Miss Tryphenia Churchill, a
saintly woman, taught school, and frequently occupied the pulpit
to the delight of the people.

The other appointments on this circuit are Biscayan Cove
and Bauline. Biscayan is a small inlet three miles from Pouch
Cove. Thomas L. Hudson, who led the singing at Pouch Cove,
has been light keeper at Biscayan for more than a quarter of a
century and through his influence a school house was built there
in 1912. William and Michael Mulley take turn in conducting
service.

Bauline is seven miles from Pouch Cove over a high divide.
It has a small but beautiful Church. Messrs. John King and
Benjamin LeGrow were the first lay readers, and for forty years
Isaac King has rendered excellent service as lay-reader and of

262 HISTORY OF METHODISM

late years Bernard King has done good service. The first church
in Bauline was built in 1887 and the new one during the pastor
ate of A. A. Holmes (1918-21). At the opening of the first church
John Reay pastor, and Revs. T. Atkinson, L. Curtis and J. Pin-
cock the preachers, a revival broke out and numbers were con
verted.

Looking through the bookshelves of Newfoundland's lay-
readers the sermons of Wesley, Moody, Spurgeon, Talmadge,
Banks and many others of such strong evangelistic flavor are
found to occupy a prominent place.

The following is the list of pastors since the separation from
St. John's: 1879. Wm. Kendall; 1881, Robert Bramfitt; 1884,
Jesse Heyfield; 1887, John Reay; 1880, Solomon Matthews;
1893, H. C. Hatcher; 1896, Thos. W. Atkinson; 1899, S. Mat
thews; 1900, Jabez Hill; 1903, Anthony Hill, 1907, Edwin
Moore; 1908, S. Matthews; 1910, Wm. H. Dotchon; 1914, W. H
Browning; 1918, A. A. Holmes; 1921, E. Moore, 1925, A. Young.

Bell Island and Portugal Cove — Portugal Cove, on the eas
tern side of Conception Bay, nine miles from St. John's, was join
ed to that city by the first road that was built in Newfoundland.
The mails went through there for the whole north of the island,
crossing the Bay to the Harbor Grace, thence across to Trinity
Bay another twelve miles, thence to Trinity on the West side of
that water. For the same reason long before that road was built
there was a path. This path Wm. Black travelled in 1791 on his
way to Harbor Grace the headquarters of the weak cause we had
in Newfoundland. He preached on his way at the Cove and that
night the fire fell. So he stayed several days. Methodism was
then firmly established. In a very short time the church, which
was torn down in the summer of 1924, was built. The cause
there was cared for some years by an excellent local preacher
named Curtis.

The type of Methodism that was found then has continued
ever since. Portugal Cove is still a warm hearted centre. Millers,
Hardings, Churchills, Mitchells, Hibbs, Somertons are among the
chief names of our people. Several men from the Cove entered
our work in the U. S. A. A Miss Churchill from the Cove was
the first to bring the Salvation Army to Newfoundland. She was
a woman of great zeal, typical of the village. The wisdom of the
coming of the army to Newfoundland is greatly to be questioned,
when the fact is remembered that denominational schools prevail

NEWFOUNDLAND 263

in Newfoundland and its coming into many small communities,
especially of Methodist population, split up the schools and ren
dered many of them inefficient, while, at the time of its entry, the
warmest kind of Gospel was already being preached in such com
munities. The foundation stone of a new church was laid at
Portugal Cove by Dr. Cluney McPherson in October of 1923 and
in the following year it was carried to completion.

Bell Island is on the South side of Conception Bay and is
reached by ferry from Portugal Cove. It came into importance
by the discovery that it contains vast deposits of iron ore the
development of which began in 1895. It has a population of
six or seven thousand and many hundreds of men find employ
ment in the iron mines.

The Methodist Church was not slow in following the people
to this growing centre. In 1900 it was attached to Topsail and
in 1901 to Pouch Cove, there being sometimes two men on the
field, the junior living at Bell Island. Of the latter we have this
record: 1906, E. J. Pratt; 1907, Supply; 1908, Alfred Bishop;
1909, Supply; 1910, A. F. Bamford; 1911, J. V. Westlake; 1912,
W. J. Arms; in 1913, the name was changed to Bell Island and
Portugal Cove with W. J. Arms continued; 1914, Supply (Wm
Swann, Supernumerary) ; 1918, W. R. Butler; 1920, Ira F. Curtis;
1922, W. T. D. Dunn; 1924, W. E. Cockram.

A large Methodist school was built in 1921 and a fine par
sonage in 1922.

Topsail — The road around Conception Bay was commenced
in the time of Governor Cochrane about 1825. The territory it
passed through is one of the best farming districts in the Island
and Robert Miller of Portuguese Cove and his brother-in-law,
blacksmith Moves, an Englishman, determined to take up land
in the new district, seven or eight miles south (up the Bay) from
their rocky village. They were the first settlers in Topsail, and
they were soon joined by other Methodists named Downe, Tow-
low, Butler, and Allan, which names are still to be found in the
village. These people were visited by Methodist ministers from
St. John's and soon a Church was built at Topsail which was used
for many years until superseded by the present neat building.

Rev. Joseph Gaetz, who was junior minister in St. John's
(1864-67), ranged this shore and pushed forward the building
of a church at the Gullies some miles farther up the Bay. His
successors, not so sanguine, sold it to the Church of England

264 HISTORY OF METHODISM

which still uses it for a school after occupying it as a church for
years. Years later, Rev. George Boyd again found an entrance
to the Gullies and built a small school which still stands and in
which occasional preaching services are held. When the first
church at Topsail was taken down the material was used to build
a very pretty church at Long Pond which was equipped with
furniture and seats from the West End St. John's Presbyterian
Church when that was discontinued. Long Pond, through the
lack of regular ministerial supply and the invasion of the Salva
tion Army, was lost to the Methodist Church.

The parsonage at Topsail was built during the pastorate of
Mark Fenwick (1886-88). Of the early Methodist settlers men
tioned, Robert Miller lived to be a very old man and died sitting
in his chair with his finger marking his place in the book of He-,
brews. He was scarcely ever seen in his later days without the
bible in his hand. Miss Miller, probably the best known poet in
Newfoundland, is a descendant of this old pioneer. Mr. Moyes
was paralyzed, comparatively early in life, but lived as an inva
lid to a great age.

Mr. Isaac Morris, able local preacher and devoted Chris
tian worker, was contributed to the Methodism of St. John's
(Gower St.) by the Topsail community.

Topsail first appears as a separate circuit in the Minutes of
1886 with Mark Fenwick as pastor. He was succeeded as fol
lows: 1888, W. H. Adams; 1889, S. Snowden; 1891, John Reay;
1894, A. Hill; 1897, F. G. Willey; in 1900 Bell Island appeared
attached to Topsail with Jesse Heyfield as pastor assisted by
Supply, but in 1901 Bell Isle was connected with Pouch Cove;
1904, F. G. Willey; 1908, James Nurse; in 1912, Mr. Nurse be
came a supernumerary but continued to reside at Topsail and
carried on the work as a supply assisted by local preachers from
the city. In 1924, a young preacher, named Povey, just out from
Wales, and connected with Gower St., St. John's, as assistant,
supplied Topsail and met with much encouragement but through
a break in health was obliged to relinquish his work early in 1925
and return to England. There is still good stock in Topsail and a
large population around the shore which should be cultivated by
the appointment of a strong and zealous ministerial supply. In
1924, S. Vatcher was appointed as supply for this mission.

Brigus — To the Rev. C. Lench belongs great credit for
searching out and setting in order much valuable Methodist his-

NEWFOUNDLAND 265

toric data touching our work in Newfoundland. In a recent let
ter to the St. John's press he says :

"The beginning of Methodist Church Life in Brigus began
a few years before the dawn of the 19th Century. The Rev. Wil
liam Thoresby made two visits to Brigus. That there was a
Methodist Society there is evident by his records:

January 11, 1796, 'I met the Society at Brigus, and gave
them tickets and joined some new members and back-sliders. We
had a precious meeting.' On April 4th, 1797, he again visited
Brigus and he says, 'I preached to a serious and well behaved
audience, but at present they are busily engaged preparing for
the seafishery.'

This is proof that Brigus at this time was Methodist, and it
is likely that the person who accompanied him in his visits may
have been John Percey, who may have then received his inspira
tion to look after the flock.

Brigus Methodism had a pioneer, John Percey, one who took
the initiative in laying the foundation of the Methodist Church.
That pioneer was acting as a shepherd of the flock, then residing
between Turk's Gut and Clarke's Beach before the year 1803,
and acted as preacher on the Sabbath and teacher on week days.
We know he had a sister Mrs. Ann Munden, whose name has
been handed down to this day as 'The Peace-Maker' of Brigus.

About 1803 John Percey went to London, and received or
dination from the hands of the Rev. Dr. Thomas Coke, Nestor
of Methodist Missions, and tradition says he was the first New
foundlander to receive ordination. Mr. Percey returned as an
ordained preacher, and continued his service from 1804 until 1820.
He opened his Register, and kept his parish vital statistics accur
ately. This commenced February 16, 1804, when the first entry
was made. He performed the functions of his office until 1819.

It is very likely that Parson Percey preached in the houses
of his parishioners. Tradition says he taught school and also
held class meetings. The first fellowship meeting was held in a
house now destroyed, but well known as the first residence, with
a chimney, built in Brigus. It was four years after his ordina
tion that he records the fact of 'The opening of the Church on the
same day.' How it was built and financed we know not. What
it was in appearance is known to the belated travellers on the
shores of time, who worshipped in both the past and present
churches. It had a cottage roof, and had "Wesleyan Chapel" in
scribed, in large letters over the main entrance. The church was

266 HISTORY OF METHODISM

enlarged and repaired from time to time until after an honorable
career of 67 years, the congregation moved into the present sanc
tuary."

It is rather remarkable that the name of Percey does not
appear in either Wilson's history of "Newfoundland and its Mis
sions," or Smith's "Methodism in Eastern British America," but
Mr. Lench has discovered authentic documents to prove his
identity and ministry.

The present spacious church was dedicated on May 23rd ,
1875, the preachers being Revs. George S. Milligan (President) r
Charles Ladner, and James Dove. Rev. Thomas Harris was the
pastor. A very old communion cup and a clerical gown, accus
tomed to be worn by the minister in earlier days, are still pre-
^erved in the Church.

For many years the Methodists found a true friend and lib
eral supporter in Charles Couzens, the principal merchant of the
place and subsequently its stipendiary magistrate.

In 1824, Cupids became part of the circuit and soon after
wards a small church was erected there. Brigus was once a place
of wealth and much more relative importance than it is now, but
it still has very loyal supporters of Methodism.

The following is the list of pastors: 1819, Thomas Hickson;.
1822, John Haigh; 1824, Richard Knight; 1827, Wm. Ellis; 1829,
John Boyd; 1831, John Haigh; 1832, Geo. Ellidge; 1834, John
Pickavant; 1838, James Hennigar; 1842, J. Pickavant; 1843,
Wm. Faulkner; 1846, John S. Addy; 1849, John Snowball; 1852,
W. E. Shenstone; 1855, John S. Phinney; 1856, Samuel W.
Sprague; 1858, Thomas Smith; 1861, Adam Nightingale; 1862,
Thos. Harris; 1865, Wm. E. Shenstone; 1868, John Waterhouse;
1871, John S. Peach; 1872, Thos. Harris; 1875, Charles Ladner,
assisted in .75 and .76 by James B. Heal; 1878, Joseph Pascoer
1881, C. Ladner; 1882, John Goodison; 1885, James Dove; 1888,
Henry Lewis; 1891, John Pratt; 1892, W .T. D. Dunn; 1895,.
James Wilson; 1898, George Paine; 1903, Jabez Hill; 1904,
James Nurse; 1908, Samuel Snowden; 1912, Robert H. Mad-
dock; 1916, C. A. Whitemarsh; 1918, Oliver Jackson; 1923.
Charles Lench.

Rev. John W. Bartlett of the Nova Scotia Conference is a
native of Brigus.

The early days of the old Wesleyan Chapel were noted for
the lively singing. They revelled in the old tunes and gloried in
the stringed orchestra, the Cello, Violins and Flute, etc. The

NEWFOUNDLAND 267

people came from miles around to hear the singing of the Brigus
choir. There is now a good pipe organ.

Cupids — In the early settlement of Newfoundland, because
of the lack of Protestant preachers, many of the people were won
over to Roman Catholicism. In the Evangelical Magazine of
1814 it was stated that "There is a place called Cubits, in Con
ception Bay, where it is said that more than five hundred per
sons have become Papists, who six years ago were Protestants."

In 1824, Cupids became part of the Brigus circuit and soon
afterwards a small church was erected there.

This community, separated from Brigus, with Clarke's
Beach was formed into a circuit in 1877 with George Boyd as
pastor. Then followed 1879, John Reay; 1882, James Dove; 1885.
John Pratt; 1888, George Paine; 1890, James Pincock, assisted
&t Clarke's Beach in 1892 by T. E. Roberts; 1893, Solomon Mat
thews, assisted in .93 by T. E. Roberts, in .94 by C. W. Follett,
and in .95 by W. A. Palmer; in 1896, the name of the circuit was
changed to Cupids and Clark's Beach, with Wm. Swann assisted
by Wm. A. Palmer in .96 and .97 and by C. R. Durrant in .98;
1899, Thos. W. Atkinson, assisted by Supply in .99 and 1900,
and in 1901 by H. G. Bandy; 1902, Wm. Harris, assisted in 1902
and 3 by Supply, in 1904 by Edwin J. Pratt and in 1905 by Sup
ply; 1906, Thomas H. James, assisted in each year by Supply;
1910, Charles Hackett, assisted in 1910 by Charles W. Legge, and
in .11 by Supply; L. E. G. Davies, assisted in .12 by A. V. Robb;
1913, the circuit was divided, Clarke's Beach becoming the head
of one mission and Cupids a separate mission with but the one
appointment: 1914, Thomas B. Darby; 1915, connected with
Brigus, Thos. J. Pitt resident at Cupids; 1916, separated with
Walter Ney; 1918, Supply (W. Swann); 1920, connected with
Clarke's Beach; 1921, connected with Brigus.

In 1921, the grant was withdrawn and Brigus and Cupids
were formed into one circuit, the minister residing at Brigus.

Previous to his entering the ministry, Thomas Fox, affec
tionately remembered as "Father Fox," who, although not great
as a preacher, was mighty in faith and prayer, and led many
souls into the Kingdom, spent some years at Cupids as teacher
and local preacher. Pious fishermen from this communitv when
away from home, at the fisheries, were the means of planting
Methodism in some of the places they visited notably at Change
Islands where a number of them eventually settled. William Le-

268 HISTORY OF .METHODISM

Drew, a faithful lay reader, rendered good service for years on
the Fogo Mission. This community has made other valued con
tributions to the ranks of Christian workers in the wide world.
The following have entered the ministry from Cupids — Jamea
Smith, B.A., Saskatchewan; W. G. Smith of Toronto; Sidney
Smith, ex-President of the Newfoundland Conference and his
brother William of the M. E. Church in the United States. An
other brother, Robert, went to India as a missionary and has not
been heard from for several years. Frank Rowe, prominent as
a student at Mt. Allison, is a lawyer in some part of Canada.
Others, as teachers, doctors, and business men, are holding prom
inent positions in other lands, so that this humble settlement by
its own impoverishment has enriched other and larger communi
ties.

Whilst no extensive revivals, such as have been witnessed in
some other parts of Newfoundland, have occurred in Cupids,
gracious seasons of refreshing are remembered in connection with
the ministry of Thomas Fox, James Dove, William Swann, Wal
ter Vey and others.

Clarke's Beach — This community was long connected with
the Cupids circuit which, for a length of time, had two men, the
juniors living at Clarke's Beach. These were as follows: 1893, T.
E. Roberts; 1894, C. W. Follett; 1895, W. A. Palmer; 1898, C. R.
Durrant; 1900, Supply; 1901, H. G. Bandey, 1902, Supply; 1904,
E. J. Pratt; 1905, Supply; 1910, Charles W. Legge; 1911, Sup
ply; 1912, A. V. Robb. In 1913, Clarke's Beach appeared as the
head of a separate mission with Oliver Jackson as pastor. In
1915, it was connected with Brigus and Cupids with Clement
Gaukrodger resident at Clarke's Beach, appearing again as sep
arate in 1916 with Richard Gosse as pastor; 1919, W. J. Moores;
Cupids and Clarke's Beach were linked together in 1920 with J.
T. Clarke as pastor. 1921, separated with S. W. Francis; 1922,
T. W. Tyson; 1923, Ernest Howse; 1924, H. L. Coole; 1925, R. E.
Belbin.

The other appointments are Bareneed and Port de Grave.
See separate notes on Port de Grave. Levi Hussey entered the
ministry from Clarkes Beach, G. S. Morgan, Thomas Pitcher and
Samuel Taylor from Port de Grave, and a Mr. Richards, a suc
cessful teacher, went from Bareneed. Revs. H. G. Bandey and
O. Jackson married Noseworthy sisters from Clarke's Beach.

NEWFOUNDLAND 269

During the winter of 1874-75 a neat church was dedicated at
Clarke's Beach.

Port de Grave — For the early history of this community
which, for a long time, was the head of a circuit see notes on Bay
Roberts, also see there list of early ministers. Following the di
vision of the circuit, in 1874, the following were the pastors at
Port de Grave: 1874, Jesse Heyfield; 1876, Geo. Bullen; 1877,
Wm. H. Edyvean; 1879, Supply; 1880, Edgar Taylor; 1881, F. E.
Willey; 1884, Wm. R. Tratt; in 1887, Port de Grave was added
to Bay Roberts; 1891, it was connected with Cupids, and con
tinued so until 1906 when it was again connected with Bay Rob
erts, finally becoming an appointment of the Clarke's Beach
circuit.

A church was built at Port de Grave in the Conference year
1874-75, during the pastorate of Jesse Heyfield.

Bay Roberts — The communities of Port de Grave and Bay
Roberts shared in the visitations of the early itinerants around
Conception Bay. On August 21st, 1791, William Black preached
at both places to large congregations. At Port de Grave, he
found a class-meeting of twenty-seven members who had been
gathered by the devoted local preacher, George Vey. At Black's
visit four more were added to the class. In 1816, it was decided
to appoint a resident missionary to Bay Roberts and Spaniard's
Bay and James Hickson was the first appointment. The historian
says: Port de Grave, at William Thoresby's return to England,
in 1798, had seemed bright with promise, but in spite of some
excellent members, under the leadership of George Vey, growth
there failed for many years to correspond with the labor bestow
ed. 'The people of Bay Roberts,' a part of the Port de Grave
circuit, Thoresby wrote in 1797, 'love the Gospel of Christ.' From
that place in 1824, when a church had just been opened, the pas
tor reported 'a lively, zealous society.' "

The old circuit included Port de Grave, Bay Roberts, Bare-
need, and Clarke's Beach. The present appointments are Bay
Roberts, Coley's Point, Shearston, and Spaniard's Bay. There is
a church at each place. A church was built at Spaniard's Bay in
1877. This was the head of a circuit for some time and a par
sonage was built there, free from debt, in 1888. The church at
Coley's Point was dedicated on February 21st, 1909, the services
being conducted by Rev. Mark Fenwick (Chairman) , the special

270 HISTORY OF METHODISM

preacher being Rev. Levi Curtis, assisted by R. S. Smith, C. A.
Whitemarsh, and C. H. Brown.

Previous to and during the early part of the second pastorate
of the Rev. S. Snowdon (1904-08) Bay Roberts had two churches,
East and West. During his pastorate the present splendid Cen
tral church was built to take the place of the other two. It was
dedicated on May 6th, 1906, the preachers being Revs. Levi Cur
tis, Solomon Matthews, and Mark Fenwick, assisted by Revs. J.
Nurse, W. Harris, and J. Pincock. This splendid church seats a
thousand people. One of the old churches was sold in 1908.

This circuit has made a rather remarkable contribution to
the ministry of the Methodist Church. It has sent out the fol
lowing: E. C. French, R. H. Mercer, Isaac French, W. E. Mer
cer, of the Newfoundland Conference; R. F. Mercer, Hamilton;
A. J. Mercer, Saskatchewan, besides the following probationers:
Robert Belbin, Gilbert Turtle, Wm. Bishop, and Harvey Russell.
Rev. W. S. Mercer, who lost his life in a blizzard on the Fogo
circuit, on February 4th, 1924, was also an honored native of Bay
Roberts. Several ministers found their wives on this circuit.

Remarkable revivals of religion were experienced during the
pastorates of Samuel Snowden and Solomon Matthews.

The following is the list of pastors, first of the old Port de
Grave, Bay Roberts, and Clarke's Beach circuit, followed by the
appointments of the separate Bay Roberts field: James Hickson,
Richard Knight, Wm. Wilson, John Boyd, Wm. Ellis, Thomas
Angwin, A. Nightingale, J. Snowball, Geo. Ellidge, S. W. Sprague,
John S. Addy, Thomas Smith, 1854, A. Nightingale; 1858, Thos.
Fox; 1859, James Dove; 1860, William E. Shenstone, Joseph Pas-
coe; 1865 and 1866, One to be sent; 1867, John Reay; 1868, John
M. Pike; 1869, Isaac Howie; 1871, Thomas Fox; 1873, George
Boyd. In 1874, the circuit was divided Port de Grave continuing
the head of one circuit and Bay Roberts beginning as the head of
another with the following pastors: 1874, Geo. Boyd; 1875.
Joseph Lister; 1877, George Bullen; 1878, F. G. Willey; 1881.
Edgar Taylor; 1884, Joseph Lister; 1886, S. Snowden, assisted in
.87 by M. J. Stevens and in .88 by Albert Gale, the circuit then
including Port de Grave; 1889, Levi Curtis, assisted in .89 by H.
J. Indoe and an Agent and in .90 by C. Flemington and an Agent;

1891, W. T. D. Dunn assisted by C. Flemington and an Agent;

1892, F. G. Willey; 1895, C. Lench; 1898, John Pratt; 1900, Solo
mon Matthews; 1904, S. Snowden; in 1906, Port de Grave was
taken from Cupids and Clarke's Harbor and added to Bay Rob-

NEWFOUNDLAND 271

erts, and a Supply assisted Mr. Snowden; 1908, C. A. White-
marsh, assisted in 1908 by Chas. H. Brown, and in .09 by a Sup
ply; 1912, William Grimes; 1916, Sydney Bennett; 1920, Samuel
Baggs; 1924, Charles Howse.

Bay Bull's Arm — This community is at the lower end of
Trinity Bay. There there is an isthmus of three or four miles
width and the boundaries of the mission have often changed. The
first railroad in Newfoundland was built from St. John's to Har
bor Grace in 1884 and Whitbourne was the headquarters. This
place and camps along the road were visited by Rev. Henry
Lewis from Brigus. Before him, a Presbyterian layman by the
name of Bethune held services. A few years after the start of the
railroad, a Railroad Mission was arranged by the Methodist
Conference with Chapel Arm as its centre and Mr. Reay worked
along the road from Whitbourne to Blandford where he built a
church not finished. He also started services at Glenwood. Wm.
Ambrose, school-master at Whitbourne, entered the ministry and
a Swede, converted there, entered the ministry in the United
States. John Williams and J. Hutchins were lay readers at Bay
Bull's Arm, and G. W. Gushue was a reader at Whitbourne.
When the railway terminus was taken to St. John's, Whitbourne'a
population was decreased to a very small remnant and soon ceas
ed to be the head of the mission although it had a parsonage and
church, the minister residing at Bay Bull's Arm. In 1911, the
name of the mission was changed from the former to the latter,
The appointments on this mission are Bay Bull's Arm, Norman's
Cove, Thornlea, Famish Cove, Trinny Cove, Whitbourne, and
Come-By-Chance.

The Bensons were the first Methodist settlers at Bay Bull's
Arm. A new church was dedicated there in 1911. Uriah Thome
was a lay reader at Thornlea for forty years. The Adams family
were the first Methodists to settle at Come-by-Chance. James
Gilbert was a lay-reader. At Famish Cove, the Cramms and
Colletts were early settlers and John Cramm was a lay-reader.
After Christopher Curtis had spent many years at Burgeo, he
came to Famish and Trinny Coves as teacher and lay-reader.
Norman's Cove was one of the first places in this mission visited
by Methodists. Here lived the Pierceys and Smiths. Benjamin
Piercey was a pioneer leader and his son, George, has been the
mainstay of the work in pulpit, Sunday School and finance. Noah
Smith, a native of the place, is teacher and lay-reader. William

272 HISTORY OF .METHODISM

T. Mercer went out as a probationer for the ministry from this
mission.

The list of pastors is as follows: 1894, J. Reay; 1897, J. C.
Sidey; 1900, F. G. Willey and Agent; 1905, name Whitbourne
first appeared with Henry Scott; 1906, J. Reay; 1910, E. V.
Young; 1911, name Bay Bull's Arm, Supply; 1912, S. J. Pike:
1914, Norman A. Janes; 1915, S. S. Milley; 1917, George Butt,
1918, Supply; 1919, G. Ivany; 1921, Supply; 1922, H. Russell:
1924, Eli Roberts; 1925, (M. Davis).

Sound Island and Haystack — In the 1840's, Sound and
Woody Islands were visited about once a year from Burin ninety
miles away. Small churches were erected at each of these places.
In the late 40's John Hallett was stationed at these outlying
places and for a couple of years previous to 1850 they were left
without supply. Towards the close of that year, Chas. Downes.
a devoted layman, recently out from England, was persuaded
to go to Sound Island as a Methodist lay agent and teacher.
From Sound Island he visited the numerous islands and coves
in that part of Placentia Bay, and many of the people received
great profit from his ministry. His usefulness was increased by
the authorization to perform the rite of baptism and by a li
cense to celebrate marriage granted him by Governor Bannerman
on account of the isolation of the community. The people be
came strongly attached to him and to his equally zealous wife.
In 1874 a young preacher was appointed to Sound Island and
the venerable lay agent, after twenty-five years of fruitful ser
vice, removed to St. John's, to spend in that town the quiet even
ing of life. In 1875 and .76, Henry C. Hatcher was stationed
there and then, for a few years, the field was supplied from Flat
Islands by John Peters, James Wilson and Samuel Snowden.
Beginning with 1884, the pastoral record is as follows: 1884, J.
B. J. Smith; 1886, T. B. G. Howe; 1887, Supply; 1888, John
Humphries; 1889, Supply; 1890, W. H. Dotchon; 1891, W. B.
Ambrose; 1894, T. E. Roberts; 1895, G. Burry; 1896, E. Moore;
1899, C. K. Hudson; 1900, C. Squires; 1902, Sidney Chancey:
1905, A. Young; 1906, E. P. Ward and E. Codling; 1908, R. H.
Mercer, assisted in .08 by J. W. Winsor, in .09 by W.M. Grandy
and .10 by W. G. Day; 1912, G. B. Pickering.

Woody Island, North Harbour, Swift Current and Hay
stack are other appointments on this circuit. In 1903, Long Is
land, Famish Cove and Trinney Cove were taken from Whit-

NEWFQUNDLAJND 273

bourne and attached to Sound Island. For three years, about
that time, Long Island appeared as a separate mission with Chas.
R Davis, George Patten, and Hubert Wills as the succeeding
pastors. Then the name of the combined mission became Sound
Island and Haystack, with the following pastors: 1915, F. H.
Philipson; 1916, C. Winsor, 1918, Arthur Brett; 1919, Baxter J.
Warr; 1920, Geo. Patten; 1924, Leander G. Gillard; 1925, E.
Roberts.

Flower's Cove — This is a mission station on the Newfound
land shore of the Strait of Belle Isle that generally has been sup
plied by an Agent, or local preacher. John P. Bowell was sta
tioned there in 1874 and 1875 and Henry Lewis in 1876 and 1877.
Thomas Wilson was stationed there in 1884. Ever since it has
had a Supply.

CARBONEAR DISTRICT

Carbonear — As Methodism in Newfoundland began in Con
ception Bay, references to Carbonear and other communities in
the Bay will be found in our introductory notes concerning New
foundland. After the departure of Coughlan, twelve years elapsed
before McGeary was sent by Wesley to Newfoundland. During
those years the work was carried on by godly laymen among
whom John Stretton, at Harbor Grace, and Arthur Thomey, and
Thomas Pottle at Carbonear, were leaders. McGeary took up
his residence at Harbor Grace and after some years made Car
bonear his headquarters. He opened the first church in Carbon-
ear on August 1st, 1788, which was the third year of his ministry
in the Colony. All the early missionaries were more or less con
nected with Carbonear, and several of them made it the centre
of their operations. Samuel McDowell's ministry (1808-14) ap
pears to have been very effective there and at Lower Island Cove
and Western Bay. Lench, in his local history, says: "By 1815,
Carbonear church had grown far too small for its ever-increasing
worshippers. But following the guiding hand, they had accumu
lated a building fund of $6,000, and the second church, with a
small debt of $2,000, was opened for divine worship on Christmas
Day, 1816. But the bright outlook was dimmed the following
year, when fire destroyed the beautiful sanctuary." Encouraged

B74 HISTORY OF .METHODISM

by generous help from England (see general notes on Nfld.) the
people took heart and went forward to erect their third church.
Lench (to whom we are indebted for much material) again says:
"This church, capable of seating 1,000 people, was opened in
1821. It went by the name of the 'Methodist Cathedral.' It
underwent divers improvements and additions from time to time,
until it would have puzzled the brain of Sir Christopher Wren to
denominate its particular order of architecture." But it served
a glorious day. Every kind of preacher administered in that
sanctuary. The services were led by stringed instruments. The
violins and bass vials were in evidence, and as they led the
church song, how the congregation revelled in the old tunes. How
that old cottage-roofed sanctuary rang again with the intense
earnestness of the devout worshippers. They knew how to sing
in those far away days." The present church was opened on
January 23rd, 1876, during the ministry of James Dove, at a cost
of $10,000. Our church has a splendid property running back in
one fine block on the hill, beginning with a commodious parson
age, a spacious school and academy building, with large assembly
room, and a very large and comfortable church, with pipe organ
and modern equipment of various kinds, the whole property re
flecting great credit upon the people for their evident interest and
liberality. Another large church and school are situated on the
South Side of the harbor. The Sunday School of the main con
gregation was organized in 1810. The names of Arthur Peach,
Arthur Taylor and Robert Simpson are cherished as skillful lead
ers of the song service of the church for many years.

Carbonear Methodism has never lacked men and women of
sterling worth to co-operate with its ministers as leaders of the
flock both in spiritual and financial undertakings. Lench says:
The eighteenth century local preachers, Messrs. John Stretton,
Arthur Thomey and Thomas Pottle, had worthy successors in the
nineteenth century. Philip H. Gosse, afterward Fellow of the
Royal Society, clerk of the firm of Slade, Elson and Co., was a
talented local preacher. Samuel W. Sprague came under his per
sonal influence, while clerk in the same office, and was recom
mended to the English Conference as a suitable candidate for the
ministry by Rev. James G. Hennigar. Mr. Sprague began his
ministry at Grand Bank in 1838. He was the father of the late
Rev. Howard Sprague, D.D., Dean of Theology at Mount Alli
son. George Aspey was chief clerk of the same firm. Few men
went through more hardships to serve the cause of God. He spent

NEWFOUNDLAND 275

his later years at South Side, Carbonear, as school teacher and
local preacher. William Charles St. John became a school teach
er and local preacher. His father was a surrogate judge of the
Colony. Dr. Thompson administered to the bodily ailments of
his patients and with intense love for the souls of perishing men
administered the Balm of Gilead. Joseph Peters, J. P. and
Thomas Burden were also active local preachers. These and
others took long journeys and delighted to serve God in such an
honored work." Besides these appear the names of McNeil,
Rooke, Gould, Bemister, Penney, Guy, Taylor, Pike, Soper, and
others of a goodly company of godly men and women who have
rendered great service to the cause. The late Judge Penney was
for thirty-seven years the devoted Sunday School superintendent
and leader in every good work. William F. Penney, of this com
munity, after graduating at Mount Allison in 1872, entered the
ministry with much promise of usefulness, but lost his health
and passed away at Liverpool, N. S., at the age of thirty years.

The story is told that Joey Osborn, of Carbonear, fished at
Wolf Islands, Labrador, and that he was the means of building a
little church there. It has long been a custom in Newfoundland
to have a church flag (in places where regular services are not
held) to run up to let the people know that worship is to be held.
The old Carbonear flag bore a dove upon it. The present flag
carries an olive branch. Now Joey wanted a flag for his little
church, so, when at home one time, he prayed: "0 Lord, put it
into the hearts of the good ladies to give me a Call to Worship
Flag for Wolf Islands, a nice one, Lord, with a dove on it." The
next Sunday the flag was in Joey's pew.

The annual Conference has met a number of times at Car
bonear. The session of 1904 was attended by a tragedy. On the
main street there has been erected a monument to the memory
of Triphoena Nichol, post-mistress, who lost her life on the night
of June 25th, 1904, in arousing others in burning rooms above the
post office. It was during the meeting of the Conference and
Rev. Dr. Levi Curtis, who was her guest, was rescued by ladders
with great difficulty.

Many gracious revivals of religion have been experienced in
this community. Writing in April, 1881, George Boyd said: "At
the last visitation of classes, I found over three hundred persons
who had professed faith and desired to fellowship with the
church. I had to form new classes. There are now fifty-three
classes."

«76 HISTORY OF METHODISM

The following story is told of a unique incident which occur
red at a great missionary meeting held at Carbonear, ninety
years ago. In the midst of an animated address, the Rev. Ing-
hara Sutcliffe made reference to a very popular picture in which
some Cardinals tried in vain to extinguish a number of candles
which represented the Reformation. In imitation of the Cardinal
he took up a candle from the pulpit and accidentally blew it out.
A voice from the gallery cried out "That's out, anyhow," but Mr.
Sutcliffe quickly blew the candle into a flame again, exclaiming
"It is not out," and in a most eloquent address proved that truth
crushed to earth will rise again. The effect upon the audience
Was electrical and his associates remarked that they had never
witnessed anything like it in all their lives.

The following is the list of pastors since 1855: Wm. E.
Shenstone ; 1858, Christopher Lockhart, assisted in 1858 by J. A.
Duke and John Waterhouse and in .59 by J. Waterhouse; 1860,
Elias Brettle, assisted in .60 by Wm. S. Shenstone and in .61 by
T. D. Hart; 1862, Paul Prestwood, assisted by J. Goodison; 1863.
John Winterbotham, assisted, in 1863, by J. Goodison and in .64
by John S. Allen; 1865, John S. Peach, assisted in turn by J. S.
Allen, Joseph Todhunter, and Thomas Allen ; 1870, Charles Com-
ben, assisted in .71 and .72 by Joseph Hale; 1873, James Dove,
assisted in .73 and .74 by John G. Currie and in .75 by George
Paine; 1876, John Goodison, assisted in turn by G. Paine, J. B.
Heal, and J. A. Jackson ; 1879, Geo. Boyd, assisted .79 and .80 by
J. A. Jackson, and in .81 by Geo. Vater; 1882, Chas. Ladner and
G. Vater; 1883, G Vater and Geo. Noble; 1884, Wm. Kendall
assisted in .84 by Supply, in .85 by T. C. Simpson, and in .86 by
C. Lenoh; John Goodison, assisted in .87 and .88 by J. W. Vick-
ers, and in .89 by Supply; 1890, Thomas H. James, assisted in
.90 by Silas J. Hull and "in .91 and .92 by Supply; 1893, James
Nurse, assisted in turn by F. G. Drake, G. E. Heal, and W. J.
Luscombe.; 1896, H. P. Cowperthwaite, assisted in .96 by Supply,
and in .97' and .98 by F. R. Matthews; 1899, W. T. D. Dunn, as
sisted in .99 by Supply, in 1900 and 1901 by C. Hackett, and in
1902 by Walter J. Dean; 1903, A. A. Holmes, assisted in turn by
W. J. Dean, Supply, and E. Baines; 1906, Thomas B. Darby,
assisted in 1906 by E. Baines, and in three following years by
Supplies; 1910, J. Pincock, assisted, in 1910, by Alfred Thorpe,
and in the following years by Supplies; 1914, F. R. Matthews,
assisted in 1914 and 1915 by Albert Johnson; 1918, Alex. V.

NEWFOUNDLAND 277

Robb; 1922, Wilbert B. Bugden, B.A., assisted in 1925 by R.
Dryden (Supply).

Harbor Grace — This is the community in which Methodism
began in Newfoundland, under the ministry of Coughlan. Its
earliest history is noted in general remarks on Newfoundland.
The first Methodist church was built by John Stretton, merchant
and local preacher, at his own expense, and was opened on Aug
ust 31st, 1788. Harbor Grace became the head of a separate
circuit under Ninian Barr in 1817. In 1820, steps were taken to
erect a new and larger church to take the place of that built by
Stretton. In the old church, the first at Harbor Grace, one of the
latest conversions was that of David Rogers, an intelligent Eng
lishman, who became a useful class-leader and local-preacher.
He was the father of the late revered Rev. Dr. Jabez A. Rogers,
and grandfather of the Rev. Alfred S. Rogers, D.D., of the Nova
Scotia Conference.

In 1829, fifty-six persons joined the church under Rev. John
Corlett, among whom were several men who became influential
members of the church.

In February, 1850, the neat and newly-repaired church wa?
destroyed by fire and the faith and financial ability of the people
was severely tested. Smith's History says: "At this critical mo
ment, however, John Munn, Esq., a leading merchant, encouraged
the hearts of his financially weaker neighbors, and the trustees
entered into immediate arrangements for the erection of a larger
church, of which the congregation took possession just a year
from the date of their loss." "In the late John Munn, a Presby
terian, Wesleyan ministers found a staunch friend and their fi
nancial schemes a ready helper. Even after the establishment of
a Presbyterian church at Harbor Grace, his hand often aided
Methodist enterprises. For many years he was one of the trus
tees of the Methodist church property at Harbor Grace."

This third church was destroyed by fire on February 7th,
1904. After liabilities were met there was left, from insurance,
the sum of $2,000 towards rebuilding. The corner-stone of a new
church was laid, on the same site, on July 28th, and on January
8th, 1905, the new church, with a seating capacity of five hundred
and fifty, was opened.

Because of the greater opposition and persecution at Harbor
Grace, in comparison with Carbonear, Blackhead and other
places, the growth of Methodism there was not rapid, but, from

278 HISTORY OF METHODISM

time to time, it shared in the seasons of refreshing which visited
the communities surrounding Conception Bay.

The followng is the list of pastors: 1855, One to be sent;
1856, John S. Phinney; 1858, Wm. E. Shenstone; 1860, Christo
pher Lockhart; 1862, E. Brettle; 1863, James Dove; 1866, J. S.
Phinney; 1869, Thomas Harris; 1872, C. Ladner; 1875, Robt. W
Freeman; 1876, James Dove; 1879, John Goodison; 1882, Geo.
Boyd; 1884, T. W. Atkinson; 1887, T. H. James; 1890, G. Paine;
1893, William Swann;.1896, W. T. D. Dunn; 1899, J. T. New
man; 1902, Anthony Hill; 1903, J. Pincock; 1907, H. P. Cow-
perthwaite; 1908, J. W. Bartlett; 1910, T. B. Darby; 1914, A. A.
Holmes; 1918, W. H. Browning; 1923, Wm. Harris; 1925, George
Pickering.

Victoria — This community was for many years connected
with the Carbonear circuit which had more than one minister
The young man, or supply, for some years resided at Victoria
The Minutes of 1906 ha& "Supply" (to reside at Victoria) ; 1907.
L. E. G. Davies; 1908, Robt. S. Smith; 1909, Supply (W. H. P.) ;
1910, Walter Cotton; 1911, Thos. B. Moody; 1912, Samuel Sar-
geant.

In 1913, Victoria appears as the head of a separate mission
with Robert S. Smith as pastor; 1915, George B. Pickering; 1918,
Chas. R. Blount; 1922, Frank D. Cotton; 1925, U. Laite.

The appointments are Victoria, Salmon Cove and Perry's
Cove. There is a good church at each appointment. The church
at Victoria was enlarged in 1906. The parsonage was built in
1913 but not completed till 1916. Ambrose Cole and Henry-
Burke were local preachers. Rev. N. Cole, of the Nova Scotia
Conference, was born at Victoria and Rev. W. T. Kelloway, of
Bay Quinte, is a native of Perry's Cove.

Victoria is a comparatively new community its whole history
lying within the past fifty years. Its settlement was due to
people moving back to the slightly better farming land and near
ness to wood for firing. At first a collection of winter tilts then
a few "liveyers" and at last a large community with fine church
and three room school. Salmon Cove and Perry's Cove were the
northern appointments of Freshwater for many years.

John Swaine, an Englishman, was an early lay-reader at
Perry's Cove. Joseph King was for many years an efficient local
lay-reader. This little village of fifty or sixty families was next
faithfully served in the same way by Wm. Parsons and Edgar

NEWFOUNDLAND 279

Kelloway and the latter's nephew, Walter Kelloway, takes this
responsibility to-day. For many years the folk worshipped in
a school chapel. Rev. G. P. Story is specially remembered in
overalls and jumper leading with the paint brush in the reno
vation of the old building. The fine little church went up in Rev.
C. Lench's time. Special revival seasons took place under Father
James who held meetings all day for the children in school hours,
for the women at four, and again in the evening. In Mr. Free
man's time the good after effects of Hunter and Crossley's visit
to Carbonear were conserved. In times of revival he tried to
check the physical manifestations which had become so common
in many parts of Newfoundland. When a number came to the
communion rail and they, with their friends, began to cry aloud
in a frenzied manner he is remembered as going from one to an
other saying "We are worshipping Elijah's God." "We do not
need to cry nor shout, nor cut ourselves with knives and lancets."
Powerful revivals occurred during the pastorates of J. Hey field
(1897), C. Lench (1908), and E. Broughton in 1915.

The first Methodist service in Salmon Cove was held by
Joseph Jutson, of Ottenbury, now part of Freshwater circuit. He
was born in Devonshire in 1783. He came to Newfoundland when
nine years of age and reaching man's estate settled at Salmon
Cove. About 1810 he began to hold services amongst the settlers.
His son-in-law, James Case, an English settler, succeeded him as
local preacher of the little cause. With him was often associated
Martin Butt and when James Case died, full of years and good
works, his son, S. A. Case, now of St. John's, took charge. Rich-
ary Penny was raised up to assist and quite a group of earnest
men now take in turn the duties of the Sabbath day — Edgai
Case, another son of James, Michael Slade and George Parson's.

The first Methodist building at Salmon Cove was the usual
school chapel. In Mr. Freeman's time the people started to build
but the dedication was four years later, in the time of Mr. James.
A new school was raised under Mr. Holmes and in five years time
had to be enlarged. It is to-day one of the brightest and most
attractive of the smaller outport schools for two teachers.

Freshwater — This circuit, including Freshwater, Flat Rock.
Otterbury and Blow-me-Down (Blomidon), was for a century
connected with Carbonear. In 1883, it was formed into a sep
arate circuit with J. B. Heal as its pastor who had a parsonage
built. The work made progress and during the pastorate of R.
W. Freeman (1897-1902) the circuit became independent.

280 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Writing from Carbonear, in April of 1881, Rev. George Boyd
said: "We have just finished pewing the body of the Freshwater
church. Here God gave us one hundred souls. In less than twelve
months the people, with their own hands, built a large and beau
tiful sanctuary for God and Methodism."

A holiness convention was held at Freshwater in December,
1888, at which the Rev. John Goodison received a great blessing.
When this good man and beloved minister died suddenly, in hi?
sleep, at Carbonear, in 1889, a special train from St. John's and
a special steamer from Harbor Grace took many people to attend
his funeral.

Freshwater has been blessed with splendid lay-helpers.
Prominent among these names appear Noel, Homer, Parsons.
Moore, Butts, Case, Vatcher, Soper, and John Evely.

Rev. John Haigh, one of the ablest of the early ministers,
who spent twenty-one years in Newfoundland and then returned
to England was married to Miss Catherine Parsons, of Fresh
water.

The following is the list of pastors: 1883, James B. Heal;
1886, G. P. Story; 1888, Jabez Hill; 1891, Anthony Hill; 1894.
Jesse Heyfield; 1897, Robt.W. Freeman; 1902, T.H. James; 1906,
C. Lench; 1910, A. A. Holmes; 1914, Ezra Broughton; 1918,
Harry Royle; 1920, Edwin Moore; 1921, J. T. Newman; 1923,
Oliver Jackson, B.D.

From this circuit Maxwell Parsons, Charles F. Davis, and
John T. Clarke entered the ministry and Joseph Somers went out
as a circuit supply. Rev. W. J. Woolfrey married Ethel Davis
of this place. A gracious revival occurred during the pastorate
of A. A. Holmes (1910-14). During the pastorate of C. Lencb
wings were added to the Sunday School Hall. A new church is
now in contemplation.

Blackhead — This is famous Methodist ground. Blackhead
has had a notable Methodist history from the beginning. Cough -
Ian had a special affection for its people in his day. He writes:
"They proposed to me to point out a place where I would choose
to build a church, which was agreed upon. Accordingly all hands
went into the woods and cut down as much timber as they want
ed, which they hauled out on what they call slides. When they
had the timber upon the place, they sent for me, and I went
thinking there was not one stick hewn. However, they had made
great progress in the work. The said church was made and cov-

NEWFOUNDLAND 281

ered in, in less than fourteen days. It contained four hundred
people. God raised up here a precious people." When they had
no preacher, they frequently attended the services at Carbonear
and Harbor Grace, travelling a distance of eighteen miles by
boat. Coughlan tells us that he had often known them "come
over the mighty waters at the hazard of their lives."

The present church will hold three times four hundred.

In William Black's memorable visit to Newfoundland, he
spent three or four days at Blackhead, greatly confirming the
faith of the people. McDowell found a prosperous ministry here.
In 1815, a new church was opened at Blackhead. Of the two
thousand people in this community three fourths are Protestants
ministered to exclusively by Methodism. In 1830, a great re
vival added many members to the church. At the district follow
ing, Richard Knight reported 340 additions to the membership
of his circuit of which Blackhead was the centre. Blackhead was
made the head of a circuit in 1816 with two ministers. It includ
ed Western Bay and several other points. Western Bay was made
a separate circuit in 1817, with John Haigh as minister but only
continued thus for one year, as scarcity of men for the extending
work made it necessary to transfer Mr. Haigh elsewhere. Wes
tern Bay was reunited to Blackhead and continued thus for
twelve years. John Walsh, a convert from Romanism, and
Thomas Hickson, a flaming evangelist, were the first ministers in
charge of the newly constituted Blackhead circuit. They were
followed in turn, by John Pickavant, Wm. Ellis, Ninion Barr (a
Scotchman, an able preacher, and possessed of remarkable talent
as a singer), John Haigh, Richard Knight, George Ellidge, Wil
liam Wilson (who wrote a History of Methodism in Nfld.), Wil
liam Faulkner and Ingham Sutcliffe, Geo. Ellidge, Ingham Sut-
cliffe, John Snowball, James England, Thomas Angwin, James
Norris, John S. Addy and Thomas Angwin. The following is the
list since 1855, with dates: 1855, J. S. Addy; 1857, Elias Brettle;
1860, John S. Peach; 1865, John Waterhouse; 1868, Charles
Comben; 1870, George Forsey; 1872, J. S. Peach, assisted in .74
by George Payne, and .75 by Anthony Hill; 1876, Jeremiah Em-
bree, assisted in .76 by R. W. Freeman ; 1879, James Dove ; 1882,
Wm. Swann; 1885, Henry Lewis; 1888, John Pratt; 1891, Robt.
W. Freeman; 1894, S. Snowdon; 1897, Geo. C. Frazer; 1901, H. O.
Hatcher; 1905, John T. Newman; 1909, C. Howse; 1913, Jabez
R. Saint, assisted in .13 by Supply and in .14 by T. J. Pitt; 1917,

HISTORY OF METHODISM

Elijah C. French, assisted in 1917 by Geo. Wilkinson; 1921, Geo
Pickering; 1925, E. Broughton.

At Broad Cove, only a mile from Blackhead, a splendid
modern church, of which any town might feel proud, was erected
during the pastorate of Charles Howse (1909-13). Here Andrew
Vatcher, Esq., J. P., has been a tower of strength in support ol
the minister. About this time large school buildings were erected
at Blackhead and Adam's Cove.

Blackhead circuit has always been blessed with earnest and
devoted lay helpers, men and women. With nearly fifty class-
meetings to conduct, fine training ground has been afforded to
Christian laymen. The names of Curtis, Hudson, Noftall, Butt
Lacey, Legrow, Moore, Martin, Baggs, Brennan, Flight are of
frequent mention. Mr. John Curtis, esteemed local preacher, was
the grand-father of Revs. Dr. Levi and J. K. Curtis, and of the
worthy lay-agent Christopher Curtis.

Blackhead has the distinction of being the first circuit out
side of St. John's to become self supporting. The people are just
ly proud of this honor and are determined that their independ
ence shall continue. To this end the two churches (Blackhead
and Broad Cove) have each an unusual gathering known locally
as "The Day of Judgment." The Board at the first of the year,
makes an exact estimate of the amount required to run the cir
cuit for the year. So much is allotted to each single man and so
much to each married man. On this special day the minister is
seated in the center, with the pew steward at his left and the cir
cuit steward at his right and the parishoners before them. Alpha
betically the men come up to secure their pews for the coming
year. But before the man can pay the pew rent he has to pay the
circuit steward for the minister. If he is unable to pay the circuit
'steward the minister "forgives" him and the pew steward then
gives him a free pew for the coming year. Blackhead circuit is
unique in present Methodism in another respect. It has about
seven hundred members and practically all of whom meet in
class. May it long flourish and keep alive its splendid traditions.

Western Bay — This community was visited by the early
Methodist missionaries. It was first a part of the Carbonear cir
cuit, then for many years a part of the Blackhead circuit, being
made a separate circuit for two brief intervals and then re-con
nected with Blackhead, until 1877 when it was permanently or
ganized as a separate circuit, including Western Bay, Ochre-Pit-

NEWFOUNDLAND 283

Cove, and Western Bay North. Samuel McDowell visited Wes
tern Bay in 1811 and encouraged the people to build the first
church there and at Ochre Pit Cove. A tablet to his memory
stands on the wall of the Western Bay Church. A great work
of grace occurred there in 1830-31, under the ministry of Adam
Nightingale when 158 members were added to the church. In the
pastorate of John Waterhouse (1865-68), another remarkable re
vival occurred in connection with which many professed conver
sion. Western Bay shared in the splendid history of the Black
head circuit.

Robert W. Freeman was the first superintendent of the
separate circuit. By him the parsonage was made ready for oc
cupancy and a new church begun at Ochre Pit Cove. He was
stalwart both in body and soul and finished his earthly career at
St. John's in 1908. Then followed in order, 1880, John Pratt;
1882, Thos. W. Atkinson; 1884, Solomon Matthews (the local
historian says 'No man did more to bless the people of Western
Bay) ; 1887, James Pincock; 1890, H. C. Hatcher; 1893, William
Kendall (a very able preacher) ; 1896, Jabez Hill; 1899, William
Swann (a strong connexional man) ; 1902, John Reay; 1906, W
H. Browning (who built the new church and was favored with
a gracious revival) ; 1910, Charles Lench (local historian, and
great church builder, to whom we are greatly indebted) ; 1912, E.
Pollett Ward; 1916, Robt. H. Mercer; 1920, John W. Winsor;
1924, Samuel Baggs.

On the 10th of December, 1911, Western Bay celebrated the
completion of a hundred years of Methodism within its borders,
a liberal thankoffering being taken towards wiping off the debt
on the new church. A new parsonage was occupied in 1913.

Quite a number of young men have entered the ministry
from this circuit. Amongst them were C. W. Follett, Samuel
Halfyard and Mark Penney, the latter two going to the United
States. Later John F. Bishop, Levi Halfyard and Elijah Coisb
became candidates for the ministry.

Amongst the active Christian lay-workers, mention is made
of such names as Bishop, Crowley, Kennall, Milley, Cooper,
Plucknett, Penney, Wilcox, Loveys, Tuff, Coish, Parsons, Half-
yard, Duff, Pennell, Rose, Follett, Dalton, Butt, Moore, Walsh,
Crummey, Kennedy, and Gillingham.

»

Lower Island Cove — In 1816, Island Cove and Old Perlican
appeared on the Minutes as the name of a new circuit. It ex-

284 HISTORY OF METHODISM

tended from Island Cove away to Trinity Bay and included
Grate's Cove and. Rant's Harbor. Tidings of the religious revi
val at Old Perlican led people from Island Cove, eight miles
away, to visit Perlican and some of them were converted leading
to services being held at the Cove. Soon (about 1780) a little
church was built and a society of thirty members formed. A great
revival occurred there in the winter of 1819-20, continuing foi
two months under James Hickson. A previous outpouring had
taken place, as referred to in our general notes, under McDowell,
in the winter of 1810-11. W. Wilson, the Methodist historian of
Newfoundland, who succeeded Hickson in 1821 testifies to the
genuineness of the reformation. In 1823 and following years we
find Adam Nightingale, Simeon Noall, Charles Bates and John
Smithies stationed at Island Cove. In 1835, a temporary change
in boundaries was made, Island Cove being joined to Blackhead
and Western Bay with two men, Win. Faulkner and Ingham Sut-
cliffe, stationed on it, whilst Old Perlican and Hants' Harbor ap
peared as another circuit under Joseph F. Bent. In 1845, Island
Cove appeared as a separate circuit under J. Norris and Perlican
as another under Wm. Marshall. Early mention is made of the
Garlands as being hospitable friends of the missionaries at Island
Cove. John Lewis, Esq., was the most influential citizen and in
full sympathy with the cause. Tradition surrounds the name
of Elizabeth Locke with a halo because of her deep and practical
piety and her efforts to get the people to cease from labor among
their fish on the Lord's day.

Since the formation of the E. B. A. Conference in 1855 the
pastoral record is as follows: 1855, One to be sent; 1856, Charles
Comben (working both Island Cove and Perlican) ; 1857, John
S. Peach; 1860, James Dove; 1863, W. E. Shenstone; 1865, Thos.
Fox; 1868, J. S. Peach; 1871, Joseph Pascoe; 1873, One to be
sent; 1874, R. W. Freeman; 1875, John G. Currie; 1878, Thos. H
James; 1881, W. Jennings; 1884, J. Reay; 1887, Wm. Kendall;
1890, Jesse Heyfield; 1893, W. R. Tratt; 1896, Samuel J. Russell:
1899, Thos. H. James; 1902, R. W. Freeman; 1906, Geo. Paine;
1910, W. H. Browning; 1914, C. R. Blount; 1918, Geo. Picker
ing; 1921, W. J. Morris; 1925, S. I. Murley.

At Caplin Cove, a new church was dedicated in Feb., 1918,
during the pastorate of C. R. Blount. The dedication service was
conducted by Rev. G. Pickering, the sermon being preached by
the Rev. E. Moore.

NEWFOUNDLAND 285

Old Perlican — The pioneer of Old Perlican Methodism was
John Hoskins. He came to this fishing town in the year 1775.
For many years he taught school and ministered to the people in
holy things. He extended his evangelistic efforts to neighboring
communities and accomplished much good. At Trinity he met
with persecution and his life was threatened. He was visited
and encouraged by A. Thomey the devoted local preacher from
Harbor Grace and when missionaries increased they found good
foundations laid for their work in the communities in which Hos
kins labored. The names of Waterhouse, Freeman, Bryant.
Thomas Gaetz, and others are household words among the peo
ple. The latter two mentioned found their graves at Perlican.
Thos. Gaetz was a brother of the Revs. Leonard and Joseph
Gaetz of precious memory. His constitution was undermined
by exposure and, after a most zealous and effective ministry of
nine years, he died at Old Perlican on Oct. 24th, 1860, aged 29
years.

Wm. Thoresby wrote of preaching in the church on Feb
13th, 1797, but this was likely a church built under the society for
the Propagation of Religion. The first Methodist Church was
opened in 1809 built on land donated by Thomas Cooper. A
church was built during the pastorate of C. Ladner (1869-72)
An old citizen says: "It was a great day when with slides and
horses and dogs all the men of the place gathered to go six miles
to the great woods to bring out timbers. Now one would have
to go sixty miles and then not find timbers large enough to frame
a building." A parsonage was built during the pastorate of John
Waterhouse (1862-65) and beautiful new parsonage during the
term of E. P. Ward (1908-12). After the new church was built
a great revival occurred under the faithful preaching of C. Lad
ner, many remarkable conversions taking place. John Burt was
a devoted class-leader of that time and other leaders were George
Howell, Stephen Cramm, Wm. March and Messrs. Rowe and
Adams. Wm. Christian was a devoted teacher and afterwards
magistrate and lay leader. George Mills and Charles Day were
also later lay readers. When John Burt ceased his labors his son
Levi took his class and Wm. March was followed by John
March.

At Grate's Cove Elijah and Benjamin Benson, and later
Joshua and Levi Benson, were lay readers and John Benson and
his wife class-leaders of devotion. Gracious revivals occurred
during the pastorates of Messrs. Bryant and Matthews.

286 HISTORY OF METHODISM

At the close of his term at Perlican Rev. G. H. Bryant re
tired and died there in 1879, much esteemed. Rev. W. M. Muii
also died at Old Perlican.

The following is the list of pastors since the formation of
the Conference of Eastern British America: 1855, One to be
sent; 1857, Alexander W. Nicolson; 1860, Thomas Gaetz and
John Goodison; 1861, J. Goodison; 1862, J. Waterhouse; 1865,
Thos. Harris; 1866, James A. Duke; 1869, C. Ladner; 1872, Thos
Fox; 1876, Geo. H. Bryant; 1879, Wm. Swann; 1882, G. Paine:
1885, J. Hill; 1888, A. Hill; 1891, S. Snowden; 1894, R. W. Free
man; 1897, J. Heyfield; 1900, J. Nurse; 1904, Solomon Mat
thews; 1908, E. P. Ward; 1912, W. M. Muir; 1915, Thos. B.
Darby, B.A.; 1916, Edwin Moore; 1920, F. H. Philipson; 1921,
Thomas Pitcher; 1925, G. Ivany.

Hants Harbor — This community, on the east side of Trinity
Bay was settled early and in the days of wooden shipbuilding
was a very, busy place. Sometimes as many as seven schooners
were built there in a single season. It was visited by the early
Methodist ministers, among the first being John Lewis and John
Bell in about 1817. John Barber, one of Hoskins' earliest con
verts had moved there from Old Perlican and had become the
leader of a number of converts. James Hickson and six newly
converted men from Island Cove visited Hants Harbor and the
revival flame broke out amongst the people. Mr. Hickson was
entertained by John Tilley, a rather remarkable man, who learn
ed to read at twenty six and became a self-taught educated man
of note.

Hants Harbor was the first off-shoot of the Old Perlican cir
cuit which had covered the whole east side of Trinity Bay. The
first church was built very much like a cottage without parti
tions. Richard Pelly was for fifty years one of the trustees of
this building and its successor. His grandfather, of the same
name, still, in effigy, watches the community in the establishment
of which he took a large part, for his tombstone carries his bust
made by a distinguished English sculptor. The young men who
first worked this field boarded at his home or that of Mr. Ayer
and later with the latter's widow.

Among the early ministers, Paul Prestwood was long remem
bered for the particular attention he gave to the catechising of
the children. His successor, Wm. P. Wells, migrated to Aus
tralia. Thomas Fox, in his pastorate, occupied a hired house. A

NEWFOUNDLAND 287

circuit parsonage was not built until the pastorate of Thomas
H. James (1875-78). Rev. Wm. S. Shenstone, son of the Rev. W,
E. Shenstone, who was a young man of great promise, died while
stationed here of typhus fever. The second church was built
during the pastorate of Mr. Fox, the builder being Stephen
March of Old Perlican.

In a great revival under Mr. Fox, Mrs. Richard Felly
(second wife) ,who had been an Anglican, was converted and be
came a shining light. She was an aunt of the present Bishop of
Newfoundland who is a very high churchman.

Hants Harbor is the original Nfld. home of the Mews family.
James Mews came to Hants Harbor as representative of Slades
of Liverpool, England, and did a great business. Afterwards he
was magistrate at Old Perlican and then the family was for a
space at Trinity. The grandsons are all in St. John's.

The Salvation Army, with its disruptive influence, came to
Hants Harbor in Mr. Atkinson's term (1902-06) , yet at that time
the third church was built. The new school was built in Mr
Broughton's term (1918-22), and a new parsonage was bought
in 1916. Ashton Adey, of the Montreal Conference, entered the
ministry from Hants Harbor. Very gracious revivals occurred
under Geo. P. Story (1880-83) and James Wilson (1892-95).

The succession of local preachers is as follows: the first John
Husson, a schoolmaster, who was a native of Newton Abbot, Eng
land. With him, a little his junior, was John Pawley, also ai^
Englishman, who served many years as local constable. Then
came John Leawood and Samuel Maidment. After them arose
a very gifted man who taught the local school for some eleven
years, R. H. Parsons, a native of Ochre Pit Cove. He read with
mighty unction and sometimes exhorted. He later removed to
Channel and then to Burin. Next Thos. Seeley of Bare Need set
tled in Hants Harbor making it a headquarters from which to sell
books. He was, though not so employed, a true colporteur and
wherever Sunday found him preached, very often of course at
home. Since then a group, of which Peter Tuck is the oldest and
the others J. T. Green, Edward Gulliford and Malcom Short,
take the services in rotation.

New Chelsea is only three miles from Hants Harbor but one
has to cross a mountain to reach it. Its founders were English
men and a few families from Conception Bay. Settlers from
England were still coming to Newfoundland as late as forty years
ago. Robert Belbin, the schoolmaster, was one of these. Before

288 HISTORY OF METHODISM

his time a good work had been done in New Chelsea by John
Taggart, of Hants Harbor, who used to go every Sunday across
the mountain to teach the children in Sunday School both to read
and write, with the bible for a text book. After Robert Belbin
Martin, a brother, took up the work and then have followed Jor
dan Harris, Elim Belbin and A. J. Harris.

The story is told that, in the long ago (1861), in the old
church, Rev. Mr. Pascoe's hair once caught fire from one of the
candles, much to the amusement of the children.

At New Melbourne, Moses Button of Old Perlican was the
first standard bearer of Methodism. Like so many of the early
leaders he was the local schoolmaster. Following him came Wm.
Harris, John B. Mansfield and Alexander Harris.

Brownsdale (formerly Lance Cove) derived its present name
from a young English lad of good family named Brown who, by
a curious train of events, became a Newfoundlander. Taken to
Trinity on a friend's ship he was hauled ashore from the rocks at
the mouth of that harbor. The lad never found his way back
to the old land. After a time, in Old Perlican, he became the
pioneer of this village. After the Hants Harbor circuit was form
ed Brownsdale continued part of Old Perlican till the time of Mr.
James. The first church was built some four or five years after
that and continued till Mr. Wilson's time. Special times of revival
occurred in the pastorates of James Wilson (1892-95) and Ezra
Broughton (1918-22). The work has been carried on locally, in
succession, by James Head, Azariah Sparks, and Wm. Brown.
Isaac March, a native of this place, after nearly seven years a?
our agent, teaching and preaching, at Flower's Cove, on the
Straights of Belle Isle, entered the regular work and went to the
Canadian North West.

Sibley's Cove is only a mile and a half east of Brownsvale
and has been settled about forty years by people from Old Per
lican. The people at first worshipped at Brownsvale till a local
church and school were built during the pastorate of James Wil
son (1892-95). The local leaders were Azariah Sparks and
Archibald Button A new church was built in 1911 in the term
of George Paine.

The pastors since 1855 have been Paul Prestwood; 1856,
Wm. P. Wells; 1857, Thos. Fox; 1858, A. Nightingale; 1859, C.
Comben; 1861, Wm. S. Shenstone and Joseph Pascoe; 1862, Jos
Sutcliffe; 1864, H. L. Cranford; 1866, J. M. Pike; 1868, T. Fox;
1871, S. B. Dunn; 1873, Jos. Hale; 1874, A. Hill; 1875, T. H.

NEWFOUNDLAND

James, assisted in .76 by D. Gwilym; 1878, C. Myers; 1880, Geo.
P. Story; 1883, Jos. Parkins; 1886, Edgar Taylor; 1889, F. G.
Willey; 1892, Jas. Wilson; 1895, W. T. D. Dunn; 1896, Wm
Kendall; 1899, W. Harris; 1902, T. W. Atkinson; 1906, H. Scott;
1910, George Paine, assisted by H. Craner in 1910, J. G. Joyce
in 1911 and .12; 1914, T. H. James, assisted by C. Gaukrodger in
1914, G. C. Curtis in .15; 1916, R. H. Haddock, asst'd in .17 by
Supply (R. S. Cooper) ; 1918, E. Broughton; asst'd in 19 by R.
Gosse; 1922, Eli R. Anthony; 1924, B. Mallalieu; 1925, F.
Cotton.

Heart's Content — This community was visited by the
Methodist ministers at Hants Harbor nearly one hundred years
ago. Services were held in the kitchens of Thos. Hopkins, Rich
ard Penney and others. Mothers rode to Carbonear on horse
back, twelve miles distant, to have their babies christened.

The arrival of the late Messrs S. S. Stentaford and A. A.
Thomson, about 1870, then young men, to connect themselves
with the Anglo-American Cable Staff had much to do with the
building of a church and the establishment of a resident minis
ter, the first of whom was Joseph Lister who arrived there in
1877. Messrs Richard Penney and Reuben Bemister were active
workers in the church. The church was finished during the first
term of Mr. Heyfield (in 1878) . Mr. Paine, who arrived in 1879,
was the first married minister on the circuit. He started the
building of the parsonage which was first occupied by his succes
sor, Henry Lewis, in 1882. For some years there was no organ
in the church but Reuben Bemister was always on hand to raise
the tunes.

The church was considerably enlarged in 1889 and a base
ment added. Rev. Jesse Heyfield, during his second pastorate,
died here on Dec. 20th, 1910, and was buried in the yard adjoin
ing the church. During the war the cable staff was greatly in
creased and the church strengthened so that the circuit became
independent. Since the reduction of the staff to normal numbers
the finances have suffered but loyal supporters give generously
to the support of the cause.

The other appointments on this circuit are Winterton (form
erly Scilly Cove) , Heart's Delight, and New Perlican.

There have been three Methodist churches at Winterton.
The first small building occupied land afterwards used as a ceme
tery. The second was built where the present one stands and

290 HISTORY OF METHODISM

was erected about 1868. "The yearly rental of pews for church
expenses was two shillings per pew, one shilling for half pew,
which was paid in fish, 10 Ibs. of fish for a pew and 5 Ibs. for
half. The minister's salary was paid in the same way — from 30
fco 75 Ibs. of fish from each pew-holder."

A great revival occurred during the term of Solomon Mat
thews (1887-90) and many were added to the membership. In
1905, Rev. James Wilson suggested the need of extensive repairs
or a new church and the latter alternative was accepted and
earnest preparation begun under Mr. Wilson's inspiration. On
May 12th, 1912, the fine new church was opened, Robert S.
Smith being pastor and the preachers of the day being Revs
George Paine and James Wilson. The church, which cost $7,000,
was opened practically free from debt and is now valued at $15,-
000, has good pipe organ, electric lighting, and excellent heating
system.

The first church in New Perlican was opened in the year
1893 and is now used as a day school. The present church was
opened in 1914. Before Methodism had any church or graveyard
in this place, a corpse was carried on horseback to Carbonear,
fifteen miles distant, for burial.

The early history of Methodism in Heart's Delight is that
of a splendid layman. A Mr. Wiltshire, a Lower Island Cove
man, went to that village when it was a solid Anglican commun
ity to build ships. Gradually he was led into business and from
his own pocket built a beautiful little church in which he faith
fully conducted service every Sunday when there was no minis
ter and that was seven out of eight Sundays. Such faithfulness
brought its sure reward and presently Jas Reid, a whole hearted
but unconverted communicant of the Anglican Church, found the
same strange warming Wesley discovered and on Wiltshire's
death was ready to carry on. He in turn passed away but hi?
son, Ellis, and his son-in-law, Headley Harnum today take turn?
keeping open the very beautiful building completed in Mr. Saint's
pastorate (1920) that has taken the place of Wiltshire's Chapel,
which still stands. Solomon Matthews was the chief pioneer, in
the regular ministry, of this community.

The resident pastors of Heart's Content have been as follows:
1877, Joseph Lister; 1878, Jesse Heyfield; 1879, George Paine;
1882, Henry Lewis; 1885, John Goodison; 1887, Solomon Mat
thews; 1890, Thomas W. Atkinson; 1893, James Pincock; 1896.
James Nurse; 1897, Anthony Hill; 1900, Samuel Snowden; 1904,

NEWFOUNDLAND 291

James Wilson; 1908, Jesse Heyfield; 1911, Geo. Forshaw; 1912,
R. S. Smith; 1913, Henry Godfrey; 1917, J. R. Saint; 1922, Ezra
Broughton; 1925, B. Mallalieu.

Green's Harbor — This settlement began about 1850 by the
arrival of a number of families chiefly from Old Perlican most
of whom were Methodists. The rough road from Conception Bay
to New Harbor was not begun until twenty-five years after
wards. From New Harbor to Green's Harbor there was only a
path as late as Mr. Nurse's time. He and his bride walked four
miles of it through the woods to their first parsonage.

The history of this circuit is like that of believing emigrants
in all lands. They carried their faith with them. Such were
Edgar, William and John March and Naaman and Abner Green.
Just a little later came Simon Reid also from Old Perlican who
established the first school and at once took charge of the Sunday
services and all marriages, baptisms and funerals. When in the
fulness of years he passed away Hezekiah Burt and SamueJ
Brace were in readiness to take his place and were in turn follow
ed by Josiah Taylor a native of Carbonear. The growth of the
settlement was, at first, quite rapid and a parsonage was built in
Geo. H. Bryant's term (1873-76). Green's Harbor became the
head of a mission in 1873, under Mr. Bryant, and the revival
fires burned brightly all over the circuit. Numbers of people
from the Anglican communion volunteered to unite with the
Methodists. During the pastorate of Anthony Hill revivals and
church and school building occurred at every appointment. In
Mr. Kendall's term (1890-93) the church at Green's Harbor was
enlarged but not completed. In the term of James Wilson (1900-
04) this building was converted into a school and a fine new
church erected and dedicated by Edgar Taylor, his successor.

The Whiteway appointment of this mission was settled by
folk from Heart's Content, some miles to the North East. A few
of them were Methodists, such as Henry Burgess from Carbon-
ear and Nathan Rowe. Though they were not all members of the
church they did desire the form of service they had been used to
and Moses George took up the task of a local preacher with great
acceptance. He was followed by Richard Reid who has contin
ued to this day. In Anthony Hill's time the small congregation
was swelled by a rush of Anglican converts and a church was
begun which was completed in Mr. Willey's time.

Cavendish appointment had its origin with a group of Lower

292 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Island Cove people chiefly families by the name of Jackson. In
the revival under Mr. Hill, Elias Jerrett, an Anglican of good
ability, was baptised with fire and at once became the efficient
local leader of the cause. The church was completed in Mr.
Willey's time.

New Harbor is the oldest settlement at the bottom of Trini
ty Bay. The people had mostly come from Trinity and the
Anglican services were so Rome like that an Anglican Reformed
cause was started and, after some years, the building was made
over to the Methodists and by them finished. Previous to this,
Methodist services were held in a Lodge room. Moses Parsons
was a faithful school teacher and local preacher.

A new parsonage was built at Green's Harbor during the
pastorate of Isaac French (1920-24). This, with the handsome
church, combines to make a splendid property. The following
is the list of pastors beginning with 1873, George H. Bryant,
1876, James Nurse; 1878, G. Paine; 1879, H. C. Hatcher; 1881.
An Agent; 1883, John Reay; 1884, Theo. Howe; 1885, A. Hill;
1888, H. Scott; 1890, Wm. Kendall; 1893, W. J. Bartlett; 1896, S.
Matthews; 1899, Jabez Hill; 1900, James Wilson; 1904, Edgar
Taylor; 1908, F. G. Willey; 1912, T. W. Atkinson; 1915, R. S.
Smith; 1920, Isaac French; 1924, George Patten.

BONAVISTA DISTRICT

Bonavista — There is a tradition that Coughlin paid at least,
one visit to Bonavista. John Hoskins, local preacher and teach
er, of Old Perlican, also visited this community in 1784, after
which he wrote to Mr. Wesley concerning the spiritual destiti-
tion of the people. Ten years passed by and, in 1794, the Rev.
George Smith, who may rightly be called the pioneer Methodist
missionary, appeared on the scene. His headquarters were at
Carbonear, but he visited many other coves and communities.
Through exposure in a fishing boat he was taken seriously ill and
the boatmen put in to Bonavista carrying their now helpless
charge into a tilt occupied by two poor men. "Happily John
Bland, Esq., J. P., and Dr. Mayne took a great interest in the
sick missionary and for a whole month administered to his wants,
carefully nursing him to health and strength." On his recovery,
he remained several months at Bonavista, preaching and visiting
amongst the people, and opening a school for the children. Among

NEWFOUNDLAND

his converts were Charles Saint and Benjamin Cole of precious
memory who were destined to become inspiring leaders in the
local church. In 1810, Dr. Coke, at the earnest solicitation of
John Bland, Esq., J. P., of Bonavista, sent William Ward to this
community as its first formally appointed missionary. Two
years later he was drowned on his way to St. John's. A tablet
to his memory finds a place on the walls of the Bonavista
Church. After his decease, the station remained vacant for a
year, when, in 1813, William Ellis, an Irishman, the first miss
ionary to remain in Newfoundland until his death, was appointed
to the circuit. Mr. Smith had erected the skeleton of a church
some thirteen years before but it was left to fall into decay. A
new church was begun by Mr. Ward and Mr. Ellis preached in
it in February, 1814, and the following summer it was complet
ed. On Christmas day, 1813, the first sacramental service was
held, when nineteen of the twenty-three members partook of the
Lord's Supper for the first time in their lives. In the same year
the first Watchnight service was held. In 1815, James Hickson
became the pastor followed, in 1817, by his brother Thomas.
Both these men are reported as being "great soul-winners."

By the year 1823 Methodism had secured a substantial foot
hold in Bonavista. In that year William Wilson reported a
membership of 113, organized in five classes, the leaders being
Philip Swyers, Benjamin Cole, Hannah Saint, Charles Saint, and
Joseph Abbott. Ever since, Bonavista has been blessed with
able and devoted leaders.

The local historian makes special mention of some of the
early supporters of the cause. Giles Hosier, an educated Eng
lishman, was a Bonavista merchant for many years. His wife
was a mother in Israel, one daughter (Jane) married the Rev.
Ninion Barr and another (Mary) the Rev. Richard Knight,
grand- father of the Rev. Matthew R. Knight. The fine Hosier
dwelling passed into possession of the Methodist Church and was
occupied as its parsonage for thirty years. In 1858, during the
ministry of Thomas Harris, it was replaced by a new house, and,
in turn, this was replaced by an excellent new and modern house
during the pastorate of Sidney Bennett in 1909-10. Honorable
mention is made of John Bland, Esq., J. P., who although not a
Methodist, petitioned Dr. Coke to send a missionary; of Samuel
Mifflin, merchant, who rendered generous financial assistance:
of Gerard Ford, stipendiary magistrate, who, at first opposed
and then became the friend and supporter of Methodism. Spec-

294

ial mention is made of Charles Saint and his godly wife Hannah,
both class-leaders and leaders in every department of the
church's work. He and Thomas Bass were the first to receive
Wesleyan Missionaries into their homes. The descendants of
Charles Saint have ever since held a place of great usefulness in
the Church. One John, entered the ministry but only served for
two years, dying of a lingering disease at the early age of twenty-
six years. Rev. Dr. Jabez Saint is also a descendant. The Rev.
Joseph Gaetz married Sarah Beaumont Saint.

Benjamin Cole was a noble Coadjutor of Charles Saint, the
elder, as local preacher and class-leader, and lived to extreme
old age. Mention is also made of Wm. Alexander, the Strathie
family, James Mouland, the Brown family, of which James was
a devoted class leader and his son James a very useful man as
local preacher and Sundaly School superintendent, with others
of the name leading officials.

Space will not permit more than mention of other leaders —
Reader, House, Abbott, Powell (from whom sprang Rev. Dr.
Gideon Powell, of the U. S. A.). John Powell was for half a cen
tury precentor and for many years Sunday School Supt. and
Class-leader.

Swyers (Robt A. Swyers of this family is a minister in
Manitoba), Harris (Rev. Geo. C. Frazer married Miss Harris),
Little, Fisher, Groves, Templeman, Tremblett, Hicks, Whiffen.
Wells, Shirran, Cuff, Roll and Romains.

Great revivals occurred under James and Thomas Hickson,
Wm. Ellis (in 1834), Thomas Smith (in 1854), Thomas Harris,
J. Embree, J. Pratt, W. H. Browning (in 1900) , and Sidney Ben
nett (1909-13).

In the fifties, this circuit included Bonavista, Bird Island
Cove, Great Catalina, Little Catalina, Newman's Cove, Salvage.
Barrow Harbor and Flat Islands.

A new church was built during the pastorate of James Eng
land (1851-54). Another new church was built by Rev. John S.
Phinney 1869-72.

The Rev. Charles Lench went to the circuit in 1916 and
feeling the need of a new and better church began an agitation
which resulted in the erection of one of the largest and most im
posing church edifices on the Island. Its outside dimensions nro
124 by 65 feet. It was dedicated on January 28th, 1923, with
solemn and impressive ceremony, the members of the different
fraternal societies in the town marching in full regalia to the

NEWFOUNDLAND 295

church in the afternoon. The preachers were Rev. C. Lench and
Dr. Fenwick. A memorial tablet in honor of the twelve young
men who sacrificed their lives in the Great War was unveiled by
Hon. P. Templeman.

This great church is a monument to devotion and enterprise
of the Rev. Charles Lench who has also put the Methodist
Church greatly in his debt because of the histories which he has
written of Methodism in three or four of the Districts of the
Conference.

The following is the list of ministers who have been station
ed at Bonavista:— 1810, Wm. Ward; 1812, Wm. Ellis; 1815,
James Hickson; 1817, Thomas Hickson; 1818, Richard Knight;
1820, W. Ellis; 1821, Ninian Barr; 1822, Wm. Wilson; 1823,
James Hickson; 1824, John Boyd; 1826, Charles Bates; 1827,
Adam Nightingale; 1828, John Thompkins; 1829, W. Wilson,
1832, W. Ellis; 1835, A. Nightingale (and John Snowball 6 mos) ,
1838, John Addy; 1840, Geo. E. Ellidge; 1843, Thos. Angwin,
1846, Jabez Ingham; 1848, A. Nightingale; 1851, James Eng
land; 1854, Thos. Smith; 1857, Thos. Harris; 1859, Paul Prest-
wood; 1862, James A. Duke assisted by Jabez A. Rogers; 1863
Charles Comben, assisted by J. A. Rogers in .63; 1866, James
Dove; 1869, John S. Phinney; 1872, John Goodison; 1876, John
Reay; 1879, Jeremiah Embree; 1882, John Pratt, assisted in .82
and .83 by Geo. Bullen and in .84 by F. R. Duffil; 1885, R. W.
Freeman, assisted in .85 by F. R. Duffil, in .86 by J. T. Newman
and in .87 by Geo. C. Frazer; 1888, Geo. C. Frazer, assisted by
John E. Peters; 1890, James Nurse, assisted by H. Whitemore:
1893, Thos. W. Atkinson; 1896, James Pincock; 1898, Wm. H.
Browning (Built 20th Century Hall) ; 1902, John T. Newman,
1905, Henry C. Hatcher; 1909, Sidney Bennett; 1913, Charles
Howse; 1916, Charles Lench; 1923, Charles R. Blount.

Elliston — This community, formerly known as Bird Island
Cove, five miles from Bonavista, was first visited by Wm. Ellis,
in 1812 or 13, who preached the first sermon to its Protestant in
habitants. Eighty years later the name of the place was changed
to Elliston in honor of this pioneer preacher. In 1822, there were
but three members, but under the ministry of James Hickson
came showers of blessing and in 1825 there were three classes
and 71 members. The leaders of the classes were George Crewe,
Thomas Minchens and Charles Sanger. Soon a little church was
built, Lench says: /There was no stove, but their hearts were

296 HISTORY OF METHODISM

warmed with God's love, and they were happy. Water brought
in to baptize a baby was frozen before the time of the ceremony'.

A new church was built in 1858, during the pastorate of
Thomas Harris. The present fine church was opened free from
debt, on May 18th, 1902, Charles Lench pastor, the preachers
being Revs. C. Lench, W. H. Browning, and Anthony Hill.

The singing of the Elliston choir was famous through the
north. Before securing an organ, the violin, bass viol, and flute
formed an assistant orchestra. In 1892, Elliston became a
separate mission with S. J. Russell as its pastor. Its previous
history was indentified with the Bonavista circuit.

John Gough was a useful lay reader and his son James com
bined in himself lay-reader, S. S. Supt., and precentor. George
Gough was a lay reader for thirty years. Elizabeth Crewe en
tertained the preachers at her house for fifty years. The namea
of Hobbs, Abbott, Trask, Cole, Baker, Oldford, and Tucker re
ceive frequent mention.

Newman's Cove is an appointment on this circuit. It was
first visited in 1859 by Paul Prestwood and a class formed with
James Skiffington, Jnr., as leader, with seventeen members. The
first church having served its day a new one was erected during
the pastorate of Herbert Creasy. During the pastorate of W. H.
Dotchon better Day and Sunday School accommodation was
secured.

The following is the list of pastors since Elliston became a
separate circuit: — 1892, S. J. Russell; 1893, Edwin Moore; 1894.
A. A. Holmes; 1895, J. J. Durrant; 1896, Henry Scott; 1898, C.
Lench; 1902, H. J. Creasy; 1906, Wm. Harris; 1910, Thomas H.
James; 1914, W. H. Dotchon; 1918, A. T. Noftle; 1919, W. W.
Cotton; 1921, Stanley Williams; 1924, Isaac French.

Catalina — During the winter of 1814 the Rev. Wm. Ellis
paid two visits to Catalina and the word ran and was glorified.
In 1823, there were twenty-six members, in 1825 there were fifty-
one. James Hickson was the preacher. Three classes were in
operation led by John Hudson, Stephen Blunden, and George
Diamond. In 1862, Jabez A. Rogers, a Harbor Grace youth of
eighteen years, was received on trial and stationed at Bonavista
with his headquarters at Catalina, who thus early gave promise
of future greatness. When he had served two years, Catalina
was made a separate circuit with John Goodison as its first sup
erintendent (1864). Then followed 1866, Charles Comben; 1867,

NEWFOUNDLAND 297

Charles Ladner; 1869, Samuel Ackman; 1871, John Reay; 1873,
One to be sent; 1874, John Pratt; 1875, James Alexander; 1876,
Francis G. Willey; 1878, Joseph Parkins; 1880, Jabez Hill; 1883,
Geo. P. Story; 1886, James B. Heal; 1889, E. Taylor; 1892, M.
Fenwick; 1895, A. A. Holmes; 1897, Samuel Snowden; 1900, An
thony Hill; 1902, Wm. Swann; 1906, T. W. Atkinson; 1909,
Henry C. Hatcher; 1911, R. H. Maddock; 1912, Supply (S.J.H.) ;
1913, S. J. Hillier; 1914, W. B. Bugden; 1918, E. P. Ward; 1920,
W. T. D. Dunn; 1922, H. G. Coppin.

Mark Fenwick's term was interrupted in the second year
when he was appointed Guardian and Chaplain of the Methodist
College Home. To fill the vacancy A. A. Holmes was removed
from Elliston. Samuel Snowden saw the work of God revived in
Little Catalina and the Academy built. Henry C. Hatcher, while
stationed here, died in 1911, and was buried among the people he
had faithfully served. He was in the 58th year of his age, his
end being hastened as the result of a fall. A worthy son, H. Gor
don Hatcher, followed him into the ministry. In 1902, the par
sonage being unfit for occupancy, a single man was stationed for
three years. S. J. Hillier did noble work and saw the parsonage
well on the way for residence. W. B. Bugden married Miss Snel-
grove, of Catalina, and they were the first to occupy the new
parsonage. Halfyard, Crocker, Snelgrove, Hudson, Blunden, Dia
mond, Courage, Lodge, and Pomeroy are among the leading his
toric names of this congregation, and Johnson, Dalton, of Little
Catalina.

Methodist services have been established at Port Union and
a fine two storey school building erected.

An excellent new church was dedicated at Little Catalina,
on July 26th, 1885, during the pastorate of G. P. Story, the
preachers being Revs. F. R. Duffill and G. P. Story.

Trinity — The first visit of a Methodist preacher to Trinity
was made in 1780 when John Hoskins went over from Old Perli-
can. He was met with considerable opposition and abuse. It
was visited by George Smith fourteen years later and thirteen
years after that, in 1809, John Remmington was stationed there.
The cause thrived for a time but families died out and emigrated
until it became considerably weakened.

Trinity was formed as a separate circuit in 1860, with Alfred
W. Turner as its minister. Then followed 1862, Joseph Gaetz;
1864, C. Ladner; 1865, Supplied; 1866, George Forsey; from 1867

298 HISTORY OF METHODISM

to 1874 it was supplied, part of the time from Catalina; 1874,
John Dixon; 1876, Jesse Heyfield; 1878, Anthony Hill; 1880,
George J. Bond; 1883, R. W. Freeman; 1885, George Paine; 1888,
James Lumsden; 1891, Herbert Hooper; 1893, Geo. C. Frazer;
1894, Edgar Taylor; 1897, John Reay; 1899, W. R. Tratt; 1900,
J. C. Sidey; 1904, Jesse Heyfield; 1908, James Wilson; 1912,
Jabez R. Saint; 1913, Isaac French; 1916, J. C. Elliott; 1917, U.
Laite; 1919, N. Cole; 1920, L. Hussey; 1921, Wm. Read; 1922,
G. S. Johnston; 1923, Frank S. Hewitt; 1925, A. N. Holmes.

The present church was built during the pastorate of John
Dixon (1874-76). The parsonage was built in the term of G. J.
Bond. J. C. Sidey put a partition through the church and added
a Sunday School. The parsonage was destroyed by fire during
the term of Isaac French. Rev. W. J. Morris was born at Trinity.

English Harbor is the strongest appointment on the circuit.
Bugden, Batson, and Ivany are names of prominent workers.
Rev. Wilbert B. Bugden is a native of this place.

Other appointments are Dunfield, Princeton, Champneys,
Summerville and Brooklyn. A church was dedicated at the last
mentioned on February 8th, 1903.

Musgrave Town — This is one of the beauty spots of Terra
Nova. The original names — Goose Bay and Muddy Hole — were
not of equal beauty and so were changed to Musgrave Town and
Musgrave Harbor.

The commencement of Methodism in Musgrave Town was
the moving there of James Reader and John Oldford, both of
Bonavista. A little later Elias Brown, of Bonavista, and a Mr.
Perry, of Catalina, both of whom were also members of the
church, joined them. They were followed by their pastors, as
time progressed, and on a visit from Rev. Mr. Phinney from
Bonavista, a great revival broke out. At the supper table, at the
home of James Reader, he urged Caleb, one of the older sons, to
attend the evening service but was refused. Afterward, like the
young man in the parable, Caleb changed his mind and went to
the preaching. That night he was converted and became at once
a burning flame in the community for he was a very strong char
acter. In the revival, which lasted all that spring, the foundations
of the cause were laid. That fall Caleb Reader, returning from
Labrador, was killed on his schooner but left a glorious memory.

Charlottetown and Bunyan's Cove, of the Port Blandford
mission, were formerly connected with Musgrave Town. It now
includes Brooklyn East, Lethbridge, and Portland.

NEWFOUNDLAND 299

The parsonage was destroyed by fire in 1896, during the
pastorate of W. H. Dotchon. For several years young men took
charge until a new parsonage was built. It was only occupied a
few years when, in William Harris' term (1910-14), the church
was destroyed by fire. Nothing daunted, the brave people pro
ceeded to build a new church much superior to the former edifice,
a great credit to the community. It was dedicated in 1913.
Readers, Oldfords, and others make a splendid band of lay
workers.

Musgrave Town was supplied from Bonavista until 1872
when it was formed into a mission under J. P. Bowell, with the
following succession: 1874, W. B. Secombe; 1876, Alex. Mc
Gregor; 1877, J. A. Jackson; 1878, Samuel Snowden; 1880, Rob
ert Bramfit; 1881, R. B. Hemlaw; 1882, W. H. Edyvean; 1884,
S. Jennings; 1887, W .R. Tratt; 1890, Henry Scott; 1893, W. H.
Dotchon; 1896, W. Patterson; 1897, S. A. Chancey; 1898, J. J.
Durrant; 1900, E Broughton; 1903, F. E. Boothroyd; 1904, S.
Bennett; 1905, H. Royle; 1907, John Line; 1908, J. T. Begaria;
1910, Wm. Harris; 1914, Arminius Young; 1918, W. J. Wilson;
1921, Thomas J. Pitt. Two of these ministers, Mr. Snowden and
Mr. Royle, and Rev. Mr. Moore of New England Conference,
found their wives at Musgrave Town.

Probably the greatest revival in the history of the field was
that in the time of Mr. Scott. Much of the present strength of
the church of to-day was the fruit of that gracious time.

Across the bay to the south the old village of Goose Bay is
now called Portland. The first house was built there in 1876 by
John Reader, of Bonavista, a brother of James Reader, settled
at Musgrave Town. As the settlement developed so did house
to house prayer meetings. The chief leader was Philip Handcock
who was succeeded by his son, George. The first school chapel
was built in the time of Rev. J. P. Bowell (1872-74). Even be
fore there was a stationed minister in the bay George Burton and
other devout laymen came from Greenspond, sixty to seventy
miles away, to hold a few services. Later leaders were Sansone
Handcock and John Handcock. One of the original trustees was
Isaac Hynes, a man of very sweet spirit. A fine church hall was
erected about 1900 and a new church, after much effort, has bm
lately been completed.

Lethbridge was settled by folk from Catalina by that name.
Wm. and James Lethbridge were the men who first lifted the
Methodist banner. Their church was erected when Mr. Brough-

300 HISTORY OF METHODISM

ton was on the field (1900-03). Brooklyn was also settled by
Catalina folk a little later than the rest of Goose Bay district.
Thos. Pye is affectionately remembered as the man who led the
Methodist people in the absence of the minister. After much
effort they secured a distinct church building about 1920.

mi& •**••• j

Britannia and Foster's Point — Writing under date of May
1st, 1876, T. W. Atkinson said: "I preached in our new church
at Britannia Cove for the first time yesterday. It is unfinished
but the day being fine, the people wanted to have service in it.
This is the sixth church or school house I have opened since 1
came to Random three years ago. In my part of the circuit sev
enty have been brought to Christ during the past three weeks."

A fine new parsonage was built during the pastorate of C.
Flemington (1895-98). A new church was dedicated at Britannia
Cove in November, 1902, the preachers being Revs. J. Pincock,
Mr. Davis, and A. A. Holmes, the pastor. Mr. Churchill pre
sented a site adjoining the church for a new school building. A
new church was opened at Foster's Point in 1911.

The Minutes of 1920 said Britannia shall include all places
on Random Island not included in the Shoal Harbor mission.
These include Britannia, Foster's Point, Hickman's Harbor and
Lady Cove.

The following is the list of pastors: 1883, Mark Fenwick;
1886, W. H. Browning; 1888, Jabez Moores; 1889, Wm. J.
Hutcheson; 1891, S. J. Hull; 1892, Wm. Seeley; 1892, Supply;
1894, F. G. Drake; 1895, C. Flemington; 1898, W. J. Hutcheson;
1900, A. A. Holmes; 1903, J. E. Peters, assisted for three years by
Geo. A. Steel and in fourth by Supply ; 1907, S. Bennett, assisted
by E. Woolley and S. Williams; 1909, J. T. Newman, assisted
in turn by S. Williams, T. A. S., N. Cole, and K. Richards; 1913,
A. S. Adams, assisted in turn by Supply, J. W. Parsons, W. J.
Woolfrey, and B. Brown; 1919, Thos. Pitcher, assisted in 1917
and 1918 by B. B. Pardy and in 1919 by S. I. Murley; 1921, J.
G. Joyce; 1922, W. W. Cotton; 1924, R. H. Mercer, assisted in
1925 by Supply (R. Taylor).

Among the lay-readers were David Currie at Britannia,
John Leawood at Foster's Point, Norman March at Lady Cove,
and Hezekiah Blunden at Hickman's Harbor.

Random South — Half way down the west side of Trinity
Bay commences the South West Arm of Random some thirty

NEWFOUNDLAND 301

miles in length to within a few miles of the railway at Northern
Bight, now called Hillview, the head of the circuit. A very few
miles away northward lies the parallel Random Sound and still
further north across Random Island the similar identation called
Smith Sound. The two latter waters are the scene of the Shoal
Harbor and Britannia circuits.

The whole of the South West Arm of Random was settled
from 1865 to 1880. At Northern Bight the first arrivals (in 1867) ,
were James Styles and D. Benson, the former a Methodist, the
latter an Anglican, both from Grates Cove. Other families, chief
ly Methodists, soon came from the same place among whom were
Matthias Martin and Nehemiah Frost who for a period of thir
teen years conducted services from house to house. The story is
that during that time they never had a visit from a minister.
Evidently the question "Is due care taken to see that all the set
tlements about us are visited" was not quite upheld. Then a
Union school was erected and this served the growing community
for eight or nine years. The first Methodist building went up in
1878 and Edgar Taylor was appointed as the first resident pastor.
The first church was erected in 1899 and the new church, much
larger than its predecessor, in 1923. The succecsion of lay work
ers after the first worthies named has been Wm. Churchill, David
Styles and Reuben Martin now of St. John's.

St. Jones Within was founded by Hezekiah Benson, of Grates
Cove, and a Mr. Blunden, from Conception Bay. Both were
Methodists and devout men. With them came Robert Miller, an
Englishman, who was the first lay-reader. The settlement has
always been purely Methodist. They progressed to the status of
having a church in 1918. The lay reader today is Boyd King,
who is highly respected.

Loreburn (Long Cove) is a growing subdivision of St. Jones
Within. Its first church was built in 1914. For many years
Elijah Price has been its dependable leader.

Queen's Cove owes its origin to men from Hants Harbor,
especially Joseph and Newman Goobie. The little church com
menced in 1905 was not finished till 1915.

Hatchett Cove is a small group of families gathered about
a mill established by Eliezer Robbins and John Blundon, from
St. Jones Within. Both men conduct services. Heart's Ease was
settled by men from Grates Cove and the names of Eli Martin
and Jonah Stringer will be held in grateful remembrance.

At Caplin Cove, Methodism owes everything, in its begin-

302 HISTORY OF METHODISM

nings, to a faithful layman named Stringer. The conversion of
Jacob Smith at Hodge's Cove marked an epoch there. A church
building was secured in 1905.

Northwest Bay has a small group of families who hold ser
vice from house to house.

Long Beach was an Anglican community until Elias Avery
went there to live. He also was a Grates Cove man and like all
the men of that generation at once raised the flag for service in
his own home. Presently Alfred Vey, a man of considerable
means, was converted and at once, largely from his own re
sources, built a school chapel and invited the Methodist minister
to come and take charge and himself led when the minister was
not there. This was about 1900. This year (1925) a school house
is being built. The group of folk is small and scattered.

Lee Bight was also founded by Hants Harbor people, their
leader being Henry Adey. To-day his oldest son carries on the
local work. They secured their church in 1915. At Deep Bight
Charles Sanford left the impress of a godly life and saw the frui
tion of his labors in a church in about 1910. This is really almost
one community.

It will be seen from these notes how many churches were
completed during the war. This was due to the ready money
that the fishermen received. Industrial conditions in Newfound
land have been very backward. Variations in settlement are
also still in progress. For example the small group of families
who have constituted Inglewood appointment for twenty years
are removing in a body to Clarenville this year (1925).

The list of pastors has been as follows: 1878, Edgar Taylor;
1880, Thos. L. Eland; 1881, Supply; 1882, James Lumsden; 1883,
Supply; 1884, F. G. Willey; 1886, A. McCausland ; 1888, A. Brit-
tain; 1889, A. Stoney; 1890, J. J. Durrant; 1892, Supply; 1893,
Bramwell Peck; 1894, James Smith; 1895, Wm. Patterson; 1896,
Geo. Stoney; 1897, C. K. Hudson; 1899, Supply; 1900, R. H.
Maddock; 1901, Supply (T. B. W.) ; 1902, Edwin Lewis; 1903,
A. Crossley; 1904, Supply (I. F.) ; 1905, Isaac French; 1906, H.
G. Hatcher; 1907, Supply (H. B. P.) ; 1908, Supply (W. P. S.) ;
1909, Wm. P. Scarth; 1910, W. H. Palmer; 1911, L. G. Hudson;
1913, K. Richards; 1914, Cater Winsor; 1915, Isaac Davis; 1916,
Geo. Butt; 1917, D. E. Freake; 1919, L. W. Blundon; 1920, Don
ald Vatcher; 1921, Supply (A. Abbott); 1922, Sydney Rowe;
1923, Supply (E. Roberts) ; 1924, Supply (A. N. Holmes) ; 1925,
G. L. Morgan.

NEWFOUNDLAND 303

This is a young man's charge and it has no parsonage but
at eleven places of the fourteen appointments there are neat
churches all comparatively new.

Shoal Harbor — This mission first appeared in the Minutes
in 1871 with "One to be sent." In 1872, it appeared with William
Swann as pastor. He spent six months of 1871-72 on the mission.
This community was settled by folk from Hants Harbor. The
mission had thirty appointments, some places having monthly
Sunday services and others being supplied through all days in the
week. No two appointments were connected with roads and the
missionary had many heroic and dangerous experiences in com
passing the work on his mission. The only church then on the
mission was at Shoal Harbor. At George's Brook, the saintly
Wm. A. Palmer, who afterward entered the ministry, was
brought into the church in Mr. Swann's time. Moses Tilley was
a useful lay reader and Aaron Tilley played the melodeon. Caleb
Tuck was, later, a lay-reader for many years. At Northern
Bight, Nehemiah Frost and Mathias Martin, and at Hickman's
Harbor, Hezekiah Blundon, were lay readers. Other lay readers
were Alex. Tuck and James Butler at Shoal Harbor. Joseph
Strong at Lower Shoal Harbor, Aaron Smith at Elliott's Cove,
and Charles and Malcolm Felly at George's Brook. Miss Palmer,
a sister of Rev. W. A. Palmer, married Rev. Charles Howse.
Their daughter is the latest W. M. S. missionary from Newfound
land and their son has entered the ministry.

In 1874, the circuit included the whole bottom of Trinity
Bay with more than twenty appointments, supplied by two men,
of whom Thomas W. Atkinson was one. He was a man of great
physical strength and endurance. He collected money in Eng
land and St. John's, and secured a small steamer by the use of
which he visited the many coves around the Bay. Once disabled,
he was blown off the coast, and had to make shore by the use
of blankets for sails. No successor could be found to carry on
the work in that form.

During this period, a neat church was completed at George's
Brook, one was made suitable for services at Lower Shoal Har
bor, and several others were in course of erection. During his
three years pastorate no less than six churches and school houses
were built and many members were added to the church.

In 1878, Shoal Harbor was divided into the two missions —
Random North and Random South — and later the former went

304 HISTORY OF METHODISM

back to the title of Shoal Harbor. Several other missions were
made out of portions of the old Shoal Harbor field. The present
appointments are Shoal Harbor, Clarenville, George's Brook,
Broad Cove and White Rock. A new church was dedicated at
Shoal Harbor in January, 1885, free from debt, during the pas
torate of Rev. E. Taylor. A church was dedicated early in 1903
at White Rock and another at Broad Cove in the pastorate of
James Pincock, Rev. A. A. Holmes being the preacher. A new
school house was erected at Shoal Bay in 1906. The corner stone
of a new church at Clarenville was laid on August 13th, 1923, by
H. G. Coppin, Chairman of District.

The following is the list of pastors: 1871, Wm. Swann; 1873,
Thomas W. Atkinson and asst. ; 1876, Samuel Snowden and W.
H. Edyvean; 1877, Henry C. Hatcher and Edgar Taylor; 1878,
mission divided, and H. C. Hatcher remained at Random North
(Shoal Harbor); 1879, Thomas L. Eland; 1880, Henry Lewis;
1882, Jesse Heyfield; 1884, Edgar Taylor; 1886, James Wilson;
1889, W. H. Browning; 1892, John Pye; 1895, W. J. Hutcheson;
1898, J. J. Wheatley; 1901, James Pincock; 1903, Supply; 1904,
William Kendall; 1905, Edwin Moore; 1907, Supply (N. G. S.) ;
1908, Edgar Taylor; 1912, John W. Winsor; 1916, E. Pollett
Ward; 1918, Arminius Young; 1920, W. H. McKirdy; 1921, Isaac
Davis.

Port Blandford — The original appointments of what is now
Port Blandford mission were Bunyan's Cove and Charlottetown,
both on Clode Sound, opposite each other, at a distance of a
couple of miles but over water so rough that in winter it is seldom
crossed either by boat or ice. They were a part of Musgrave
Town mission.

When the railway went through, Port Blandford was reached
from Whitbourne and a cause established there and when a man
was stationed the two appointments were taken from Musgrave
Town.

The field now is Port Blandford with church and one room
school — twenty-five families and as many families of C. of E. and
S. A. When the preacher is away there is no service in the church
at all.

Bunyan's Cove whither the preacher gees once in four weeks
with the mail man, was formerly Bryan's Hole. We have a
school — twenty-five families and as many families of C. of E. and
finished this year (1925) after being ten years under way.

NEWFOUNDLAND 305

At Charlottetown there are twenty-five Methodist families.
During Air. Broughton's term the church was burnt down under
circumstances which strongly pointed to incendiarism. A new
church was erected to take its place. Thomas Mills, formerly of
Bonavista, Wm. Ford, of Cupids, and Alexander Spracklin are
the leaders in this community in the absence of the minister.

Gambo, forty miles west on the Railway, is a community of
'one thousand. There are R. C., C. of E. and S. A. there and we
have a small school chapel with fifteen families and no one to
lead a service in the absence of the preacher.

At Benton, seventeen miles further west on the railway, are
seven or eight families for whom the first Sunday service ever
held took place during the winter of 1924.

This mission first appeared in the Minutes in 1905, with
"One to be sent"; 1906, James Bright; 1907, Supply (F. H. P.) ;
1908, C. W. Legge; 1910, Supply; 1912, F. Gordon Weir; 1914,
Supply; 1915, Watson Boyes; 1916, H. W. Martin; 1917, S. Edge-
combe; 1918, Herbert Moores; 1919, Supply; 1921, R. Vatcher;
1922, Supply; 1923, R. Belbin; 1924, Supply (R. Taylor) ; 1925,
(F. Cook).

Glovertown — This community, formerly known as Flat Is
land, was detached from Greenspond in 1883, and made the head
of a separate mission, with W. H. Browning, just out from Eng
land, as its first settled pastor. He was succeeded by John C.
Sidey, who built a church at Gooseberry Island. A church was
completed at Traytown during the pastorate of Herbert Moores.

The names of Burry, Diamond, Janes, Pomeroy, and Powell
appear amongst the lay-workers. i

The following is the list of pastors: 1883, W. H. Browning;
1885, J. C. Sidey; 1888, A. McCausland; 1890, Wm. Patterson;
1892, Supply; 1893, W. J. Luscombe; 1895, Eugene Forsey; 1896,
Supply; 1898, J. R, Saint; 1900, Supply; 1902, Hugh Miller;
1904, Supply; 1906, Wm. H. Pike; 1907, Supply; 1908, Garland
G. Burton and Allan S. Adams; 1909, J. Hurst and Supply; 1911,
Supply; 1913, Nathaniel Cole; 1914, W. Vey; 1916, R. C. White;
1917, Herbert Moores; 1918, S. S. Milley; 1919, Eli Anthony;
1922, Albert Abbott; 1924, H. G. Turtle; 1925, W. H. G.
Williams.

The appointments are Glovertown, Traytown, Saunder's
Cove, and Happy Adventure.

306 HISTORY OF METHODISM

WESLEYVILLE DISTRICT

Change Islands and Indian Islands — This mission has its
head at Change Island where a narrow water passage serves al
most as a street, the settlement running for a couple of miles a-
long both sides of a deep water way across which one could al
most toss the proverbial biscuit. Indian Islands in an almost
exactly similiar community some fifteen miles away. The third
appointment is Stag Harbour, a new community on the western
shore of Fogo Island, which was settled by Indian Island folk.

Perry's Island and Eastern Cove are also appointments. This
mission has had a chequered career. We find it in the Minutes
of 1875 connected with Fogo, in .78 with Herring Neck, then back
to Fogo, and afterwards, for many years, connected with Herring
Neck. It is also found connected with different Districts as if
true to its name. It appears as a separate mission in 1902 with
Wm. Patterson as pastor. The present name of the mission is
Change Islands and Indian Islands. The building of the church
at Change Islands was begun by Wm. Harris (1894-97) anfl
completed in the term of A. A. Holmes (1897- 1900). The par
sonage was built during the pastorate of W. J. Morris (1906).
In his Bonavista District history, Lench speaks very highly of
the Change Islands people, making special mention of the Water-
mans, Taylors, and Roberts', "Father Taylor" and Solomon Rob
erts, J. P., were lay readers as was also the son of the former.
Bertram Waterman of the Alberta Conference entered the min
istry from this place. Wm. LeDrew was one of the early lay read
ers.

The pastors, since the mission became separated from Herr
ing Neck, have been as follows: 1902, Wm. Patterson; 1903, E.
Westmoreland; 1904, Supply; 1905, Wm. H. Pike; 1906, W. J.
Morris; 1907, G. W. Bryant; 1910, H. G. Coppin; 1911, A.
Young; 1914, L. E. G. Davies; 1916, J. A. Wilkinson; 1920, W.
R. Butler; 1922, R. T. Moores; 1923, Samuel Taylor; 1925, W.
J. Woolfrey.

Fogo — This circuit name first appears in the Minutes of
1862, with Thomas Fox as minister. Methodism had found a
footing there long before that. Its growth in the District of Fogo
and Twillingate was remarkably fast. In 1836, there were only
45 Methodists in that region. In 1858, there were 2,000 adher
ents and in 1884, there were 10,000 thus enrolled. In the latter

NEWFOUNDLAND 307

period of twenty-seven years the general population had increas
ed rather more than twice the previous figures, but, in the same
period, the adherents of Methodism had increased five-fold.

Barred Islands, Joe Batt's Arm and Seldom-Come-By are
among its appointments. The last mentioned was sometime a
separate mission. At this place there is a splendid church.

The names of Scott, Duder, Malcolm, Lucas, Hodge, Freake,
Decker, Godden, Perry, Holmes, Hoddinott, and Penny are men
tioned among the workers on this field. John G. Lucas was a
noted local preacher.

The following have been the pastors: 1862, Thomas Fox;
1865, C. Ladner; 1867, Geo. Forsey; 1868, Joseph Pascoe; 1871,
Isaac Howie; 1872, Supply; 1873, Wm. Swann; 1876, T. W. At
kinson; 1879, Geo. J. Bond; 1880, Anthony Hill; 1883, Jabez
Hill; 1885, J. Embree; 1888, Geo. Bullen; 1889, H. Abraham;
1892, J. J. Wheatley; 1895, W. H. Browning; 1898, Jas. Wilson;
1900, J. J. Durrant; 1903, J. W. Bartlett; 1904, Chas. Hackett;
1906, J. R. Saint; 1910, Thomas B. Moody; 1911, Elijah C.
French; 1914, Henry Scott; 1918, Frank D. Cotton; 1922, Wm. S.
Mercer; 1924, Supply; 1925, Thomas Pitcher.

Horwood — This mission was formed in 1917 and includes
Horwood, Port Albert, Victoria Cove, Gander Bay, Long Point
and Beaverton. Horwood was formerly known as Dog Bay.
Horwood and Beaverton appointments were taken from the Her
ring Neck circuit and Victoria Cove; Long Point and Gander
Bay from Carmanville. Some of these appointments were for a
time supplied from Change Islands. At Horwood, in the absence
of a minister, Mrs. Troke, a talented and devoted woman, led the
Sunday services for many years.

The following is the list of pastors: 1917, Supply (F. Mou-
land); 1918, John T. Clarke; 1920, Supply (Sidney Garland);
1921, Bond Brown; 1923, Sidney Rowe; 1924, Supply; 1925, (E.
J. Davis) .

Carmanville — The former name of this community was
Rocky Bay. It was colonized by John Hicks and his large fam
ily originally from Bonavista. The appointments on this wide
field are Carmanville (North and South), Noggin Cove and
Frederickton. The fine church at Carmanville was destroyed by
fire in January, 1919. A new parsonage was completed in 1924.

Rocky Bay appears in 1902 as the name of a mission with

HISTORY OF METHODISM

the preacher to reside at Carmanville. The pastors have been as
follows: 1902, Sidney Bennett; 1904, H. G. Coppin; 1905, T. D.
Jones; 1906, S. H. Soper; 1907, name of mission becomes Car
manville with W. B. Bugden; 1909, F. W. Sawdon; 1910, Supply
(G. M.) ; 1911, R. A. Brook; 1912, N. Cole; 1913, C. F. Davis;
1914, Supply; 1915, John W. Parsons; 1916, Supply (U. Laite) ;
1917, Stanley Williams; 1918, Supply (W. Reid) ; 1919, S. J. Hil-
lier; 1923, J. Sweetapple; 1924, Supply (E. H. King) ; 1925, J. T.
Clarke. Amongst the active lay workers were Israel W. Hicks
and Stephen Chalk.

Musgrave Harbor — This community, formerly known as
Muddy Hole, was colonized by people from Bonavista and West
ern Bay. They were visited by Methodist preachers from
Greenspond. From 1870 to 1874, Solomon Matthews did faithful
pioneer work there. It was made a separate mission in 1874 with
Henry Lewis as its first superintendent. John B. Wheeler, Esq.,
J. P., was, for many years, the leading lay worker combining in
himself local preacher, superintendent of the Sunday School, cir
cuit steward and other offices both civil and religious. He was a
most acceptable local preacher. The people of this charge are
noted for their cordial co-operation with their ministers. Solo
mon Hann and Ernest W. Mouland entered the ministry from
this circuit, and others fill honored positions in the civil life of
the Island and other lands.

Apsey Cove, Ladle Cove, and Mil ford are the appointments.

The following is the list of pastors: 1874, Henry Lewis;
1876, W. R. Tratt; 1877, S. Snowden; 1878, Robt. Bramfitt; 1880,
J. B. Heal; 1883, James Wilson; 1884, A. Cheeseman; 1885, Wm.
Rex; 1886, F. R. Duffill; 1887, W. T. D. Dunn; 1888, H. Hooper;
1891, A. A. Holmes; 1894, T. B. Darby; 1897, Edgar Taylor;
1898, J. Pye; 1900, Wm. A. Palmer; 1902, Fred R. Matthews;
1906, H. J. Creasy; 1908, E. C. French; 1911, Wm. Grimes; 1912,
R. H. Mercer; 1916, J. W. Winsor; 1920, Thos. J. Pitt; 1921, L.
G. Hudson ; 1922, W. R. Butler.

Solomon P. Whiteway, Principal of the Normal School at
St. John's, came from this community. Noah Whiteway is an
acceptable lay reader.

Wadham Island is an appointment of this circuit during the
summer when fishermen from other islands attend. Under the
leadership of Charles H. Prowse, for many years light-house
keeper, a neat little church was built there.

NEWFOUNDLAND 309

Newtown and Lumsden — This circuit, including Newtown,
Templeman, Pinchard's Island, Cape Island, Cape Cove, and
Lumsden (formerly Cat Harbor) North and South, was detached
from Wesleyville in 1912. For a little while before that there
were two men on the Wesleyville circuit, the probationer residing
at Newtown. Lench says: "There are no finer people in the
Colony than are to be found on the Newtown circuit. The men
are nature's true gentlemen." Special mention is made of the
names Barbour, Garrett, Howell, Ridout, Blackmore, Gibbons,
Parsons and Goodyear. Rev. Samuel Baggs married a Miss Bar
bour of Newtown. We presume the place name of Lumsden was
given in memory of the Rev. James Lumsden, one of the early
pastors, who, after a faithful ministry, died at Barrington, Nova
Scotia.

The following is the list of pastors: 1912, Wm. J. Wilson;
1914, F. H. Philipson; 1915, B. C. Henderson and J. T. Clarke;
1916, J. W. Parsons and J. H. Way; 1917, Samuel Baggs; 1920,
Isaac Davis; 1921, A. R. Baggs; 1922, Gilbert Turtle; 1923, J. C.
Lewis; 1924, Levi Hussey; 1925, Supply.

Lumsden was only visited occasionally till about 1872 when
a great revival took place and the people all practically became
Methodists and A. L. Vincent, of Cape Island, was sent there to
conserve the work.

Wesleyville — Fifty years ago Wesleyville was known as
Coal Harbor and boasted not more than two families, but just
across Swain's Tickle were three well peopled islands, Outer,
Middle and Inner Swain, whose folk were mostly Devonshire men
and members of the Anglican Communion. Among them there
came blazing a strange fire. John Winsor had heard Todhunter
at Greenspond, six miles away, and had heard for Eternity. Im
mediately his house was opened for cottage prayer meetings to
which his neighbors were faithfully invited. But now a change
was taking place in the community life. Wm. Winsor was one
of the first to move to the mainland. John soon followed. John
Hann and his son, George, who had welcomed Todhunter at Cape
Freels, came to the new settlement. To-day there is not a house
on the Swain Islands but Wesleyville takes their place. About
1882 or 1883 these three men as leaders built the first Methodist
School and as soon as that was completed went to the woods and
with the assistance of many willing friends brought out the frame*
of the first church. This answered for eight or ten years when

310 HISTORY OF METHODISM

the old building was cut in two and a longer nave and transepts
inserted. This in turn served this growing community until 1912
when a fine new church, with excellent pipe organ, was dedicated
on January 20th, in the pastorate of J. R. Saint, the preacher be
ing A. A. Holmes, President of the Conference, under whom the
building was begun. The first parsonage was first occupied by
William Harris (1891-94), and rebuilt in the term of A. A.
Holmes (1906-10). The Superior School was built under R. H.
Mercer (1920-23). Periods of special grace were experienced un
der Bullen, Harris, Holmes and Saint.

From the commencement of the settlement, James Bishop,,
a native of the community has been the local occupant of the
pulpit, sometimes reading, sometimes preaching, in the absence
of the minister. For some twenty years George House has in
creasingly assisted until now he has most of this work to do.
Twenty odd years ago there were many political applicants for
the newly needed post of Customs Officer at Wesleyville, and the
sitting member, a native of the town, who was also a member of
the cabinet, passed them all over and, though himself a member
of the Anglican Church, appointed Mr. Bishop. He said, in justi
fication of his action: "Mr. Bishop has been a fisherman for
fifty years but he has been more. He has been a Son of Conso
lation to our sorrowing, a hero in our pestilence, a faithful watch
man against sin, our best citizen and more than any man in the
community deserves the place." In 1925 he was pensioned but
lives on in serene old age loved by every one as "Uncle Jim."

At Brookfield, most of the folk came from Cape Freels about
the same time as Wesleyville began. The man who first threw
his energy into Methodism here was Capt. Abram Kean, now of
St. John's. Since his removal, the church has looked up with
confidence, first to Peter Gaulton, then to Ambrose Davis, a son
of Isaac Davis who was the first fruits of Methodism on the
Valleyfield appointment. The church at Brookfield was erected
during the term of W. T. D. Dunn (1888-91) and a fine two-
roomed school, with hall overhead, was built in about 1812, large
ly through the efforts of Capt. Job Kean.

Valleyfield congregation had its origin on the islands off
shore. At Poole's Island, in the Methodist School chapel, service
was held for nearly a score of years after Todhunter's time by
Methodist preachers and, in their absence, chiefly by Isaac Davis
who was honored in his own country, his brothers, Jacob and
Alfred being his chief helpers. These and other men moved to

NEWFOUNDLAND 311

the main land and made Valleyfield. For ten years, in their
place, Cator Wells a native of the Gooseberry Islands, who
found Christ at a Salvation Army barracks, has been the local
leader. There are still a few Methodists on the Island and when
Newtown was given a preacher of its own Pound Cove, a small
village near Wesleyville, was given regular service.

From this circuit have gone into our ministry Messrs John
and Cator Winsor, Peter and Charles Tiller, Davis in the Cana
dian West, and Hubert Wells to New England. Rev. Sidney Ben
nett found there his consecrated and efficient helpmate. The list
of pastors is as follows: 1884, Geo. Bullen; 1885, James Lumsden
(the name Cat Island was changed to Lumsden in his memory) ;
1888, W. T. D. Dunn; 1891, Wm. Harris; 1894, Jabez Hill; 1896,
W. R. Tratt; 1899, Henry J. Indoe; 1903, Geo. Paine and R. L.
Biggs 1906, A. A. Holmes and Supply in 1906, assisted in 1907
by Simon Edwards, in 1908 by L. E. G. Davies and in 1909 by
(W. C.); 1910, J. R. Saint; 1912, Ed. Moore; 1916, Charles
Howse; 1920, R. H. Mercer; 1923, S. J. Hillier.

Greenspond — The northern point of Bonavista Bay is Cape
Freels. Beyond that stretches the Straight Shore, sixty odd
miles of roadless cliffs with scarce an indentation save the sug
gestive Deadman's Bay. South of this Cape runs a long chain
of islands ending far to the south and off shore in Gooseberry.
The largest of the line is Greenspond. The town of the same
name built there was the centre for all the trade of that district
for many years. All the original settlers came from England
and on the then wooded islands near to the fisheries all the set
tlements were made. The chain of Methodist appointments,
from north to south, is Cape Island, Newtown, Templeman,
Pound Cove, Wesleyville, Brookfield, Valleyfield, Safe Harbor,
Greenspond and Shambler's Cove. These have been divided in
to three circuits — Greenspond (the oldest), Wesleyville, and
Newtown. When Wesleyville became a circuit Greenspond was
able to give regular service to Shambler's Cove. The solid
foundations of the Methodist cause in the territory were laid
by Todhunter, although before that there had been good work
done. These things happened in 1865.

Almost at once the first church was built. The second much
larger church was finished in Embree's last year on the circuit.
The new parsonage was purchased in Wm. Harris' pastorate.
When Mr. Duffill was on the field the fine Sunday School and

312 HISTORY OF METHODISM

social hall was erected and about 1895 the new school house. So
that now there is a very fine property suffering mostly from want
of occupants so many have moved away. In the early days of
this field there was a great deal of intense personal work. Men
like the three Burton brothers, Wm., Stephen, and George, with
Malachi Meadus and others, went from house to house exhorting
their acquaintances and always closing the visit with prayer. Al
most without a break every winter had seen the church opened
for from four to six weeks of special effort and often, especially
in the terms of Matthews and Broughton, there had been a gra
cious ingathering of those who had reached middle age in addition
to the hosts of new young people. It has been noted by good ob
servers that, especially among the fruits of those earlier days,
there was very little loss. The succession of local leaders runs as
follows: Benj.Burry, Jas.Burry, Jos. Butler, Job Wornall, Samuel
Hoddinott and Mr. Crummy. Into the itinerant ranks have gone
Eli Manuel, George Burry, Charles A. Whitemarsh, Wm. Wor
nall, Garland Burton, John Pitman, and Isaac Davis. Greens-
pond circuit now consists of the town of the same name, Loo
Cove, Shambler's Cove, and Safe Harbor, all in a narrow com
pass.

Practically, from the commencement of our work in Sham-
bier's Cove, Arthur Vivian has been the local leader. For many
years too the congregation there was blessed by the presence of a
very pious, wealthy, and generous old captain by the name of
Samuel Bragg, who died about 1920. Men who shipped with
him for the fishery testify that under all circumstances he kept
certain hours of devotion. Coming from his cabin his face shone
with an inward light. Never under any provocation was his
voice raised in anger. Almost like a quaker he addressed every
man including the members of his crew as brother and all com
mands and requests were made to "Brother such an one" no mat
ter how wicked that person might be known to be. A middle
aged woman tells how her mother and herself once met him in
Greenspond when the sea was very rough and said "Surely you
are not crossing to Shambler's Cove alone." "No," at once re
plied the venerable old skipper, "Me and Father are going."

The history of Methodism on the north side of Bonavista
could never be faithfully written without giving much honor to
Elizabeth Whitemarsh who was indeed a nursing mother to the
fcause in its infancy. The progress of Methodism in the Greens-
pond region has been very marked. Sixty years ago, there were

NEWFOUNDLAND 313

30 members with 26 on trial. Now, on the same ground, there
are four or five separate missions, spacious churches and parson
ages and well on to a thousand members. Many gracious revivals
have occurred in this territory. Mr. Darby records such a sea
son of blessing during his term (1897-1900).

Returning to the pastoral list, Todhunter was followed by
£saac Howie. William Button, who followed him, came from
England and before Christmas he sickened and died. Then came
Solomon Matthews, 'earnest evangelist and soul winner/ who
(rendered splendid pioneer work for four years. He was followed
by Jeremiah Embree, who had a revival on every circuit. After
this the mission had two men, Charles Myers and Thomas Eland,
followed by Joseph Lister and George Vater. In 1881, Mr. Mat
thews returned. In the interval he had married Miss White of
Greenspond. Rev. Henry Lewis married her sister. In 1874,
Musgrave Harbor was detached; in 1883, Flat Island Mission
was formed and in 1884, Wesleyville was detached.

After Mr. Matthews there came the following pastors: 1884,
Wm. Jennings; 1887, F. R. Duffill; 1889, J. Parkins; 1892, C.
Lench; 1895, F. G. Willey; 1897, T. B. Darby; 1900, John E.
Peters; 1903, J. J. Durrant; 1907,, James Pincock; 1910, Ezra
Broughton; 1914, E. C. French; 1917, J. C. Elliott; 1918, Wm.
Harris ; 1922, Geo. L. Mercer.

In F. R. Duffill's pastorate (1887-89) a new lecture hall was
completed and there was presented to it the pulpit of the old
Gower St. Church, St. John's, of the pre-.92 fire days, the only
relic of that fine old church. In the pastorate of E. Broughton
(1910-14) the church was enlarged, a tower and vestry added.

Deer Island — This mission consists of a small group of is
lands in the North side of Bonavista Bay, Deer Island, Flat Is
land, Gooseberry island, and Bragg's Island, in a compass of
some twelve miles. In the winter it is often possible to go from
one to the other on the ice.

Methodist work is oldest at Gooseberry Islands where it is
now weakest. Mrs. Wells, who was a Miss Saint from Bona
vista, was the first Methodist in the community. This was some
forty years ago. Her home was at once opened for cottage meet
ings held by any itinerant who might come that way. She was
a woman mighty in prayer. It shocked the folk of that village to
hear a woman pray at all. Mrs. Thomas Hayward came to this
village from Pool's Island. Ambrose Janes of Grates Cove, be-

314 HISTORY OF METHODISM

gan to do business here. He was a pious and well educated leader.
The cause made good progress, visited first from Greenspond,
then from Gambo, until for a little it looked as though this would
be the head of a circuit when the church was opened. Job Howse
became the lay reader and was succeeded by John Parons. But
before the church was erected the Salvation Army had entered
the place and our work began to decline in their favor. We still
have a school but there is only a congregation when the minister
can get there from Deer Island. From this place there went in
to our work Job Howse, a nephew of the old leader, and Charles
Howse, an ex-president of the Newfoundland Conference.

Flat Island, like Gooseberry Islands, was originally a solid
Anglican community, connected with Salvage Parish on the
mainland. Both were quite large villages but were very seldom
visited. This, with the coming of a few enthusiastic Methodist
laymen and equally elect lay women, gave Methodism a footing.
Here also a Miss Saint of Bonavista (Mrs. Joseph Hicks) , a sis
ter of Mrs. Wells of Gooseberry Islands, was the pioneer. Thos
Butt was one of the first of our laymen. The present Church was
erected about 1900. Deer Island became a separate mission in
1912.

The pastors have been as follows: 1912, Samuel Baggs; 1914,
Fred M. Sellars; 1915, A. T. Noftle; 1916, E. W. Mouland; 1917,
R. T. Moore; 1919, Lorenzo Dawe; 1920, A. R. Baggs; 1921;
Sidney Garland; 1922, Supply; 1925, A. Jackson.

TWILLINGATE DISTRICT

Twillingate — The first missionary, sent by the London Mis
sionary Society, reached Twillingate in the spring of 1799. His
name was John Hillyard, who was favorably impressed with the
devoutness of the people. After three years, he removed to con
ception Bay, and was succeeded by Rutton Morris for a short
time. Dissenters, so-called, became absorbed in the Anglican
Church, with the exception of ten or twelve. In passing, John
Pickavant, Methodist missionary, held a few services there in
1830, sowing seed which led to fruit in after years. In 1841, John
S. Addy, "visiting missionary," called there. About this time a
few Methodist families removed from Conception Bay to Green
Bay as the whole community was known. At Twillingate, said
properly to be Toulinguet, there was a large settlement. After

NEWFOUNDLAND 315

the District meeting of 1842, William Marshall and his young
wife sailed from St. John's for Green Bay and reaching Twill-
ingate found circumstances very discouraging but, early in 1843
the joy of harvest was realized by the patient evangelist, and,
by May, the ten or twelve families of his first congregations
were joined by twenty others and more than thirty persons were
gathered into the membership. This success aroused opposition
and persecution but the cause continued to grow.

The following interesting story is told about the building of
the first church in May, 1843. Mr. Marshall, on Sunday, re
quested the men to meet on the next afternoon to set up the
frame on a vacant lot on which he had received permission to
build. On Monday morning, a hostile merchant, with several
others, entered the house of the collector of customs, a bigoted
"Churchman" to announce a new scheme for the annoyance of
the Methodist preacher. "You know," said the merchant, "that
Marshall's going to put up a building on — 's lot. I find we've
a claim in it. We'll let them go on and then we'll take it." It
appears, when they opened the door, that the wind blew nearly
to a close the door of a closet in which the mistress of the house,
unknown to her husband, was busy at the moment, and she over
heard the plot. Fortunately, the arrival of a vessel cut short
their call and the woman, who was inclined to favor the Metho
dists, informed Mr. Marshall of the plot. On gathering at the
proposed spot, in the afternoon, the men were told, to their
great surprise, as well as to the chagrin of their opponents, that
the frame was to be put on another spot. A fisherman, upon con
version, confessed that he and others had placed a keg of powder
under the little church, and that only fear of personal injury had
prevented its destruction. So the cause advanced, opposition died
out, and even the bigoted "Churchman" died a Methodist as did
also many of its early persecutors.

In 1845, there were 104 members on the circuit and 800 at
tendants. Early in 1846, after severe illness, brought about by
excessive toil and privation, Mr. Marshall passed away greatly
lamented. Marshall Hall, erected in his memory, keeps his name
honored amongst the people until this day. His early successors
in the mission were John S. Peach, John Brewster, Thomas Fox,
and Paul Prestwood. The name of the circuit was changed from
Green Bay to Twillingate in 1859. Since the ministers have been
as follows: 1859, Thomas Harris; 1861, Charles Comben; 1863,
James A. Duke; 1866, John Goodison; 1869, Henry L. Cranford;

316 HISTORY OF METHODISM

1872, James Dove; 1873, John Reay; 1876, William Swann; 1879,
Thomas W. Atkinson; 1882, Jeremiah Embree, assisted in .82
and 83 by J. J. Duffill and in 84 by W. T. D. Dunn; 1885, Geo.
Bullen, assisted in .85 and .86 by J. W. Vickers and in .87 by W.
Harris; 1888. R. W. Freeman, assisted in .88 by W. Harris and
in .89 and .90 by J. K. Kelley; 1891, Jabez Hill, assisted in .91 by
J. K. Kelley and in .93 by T. W. Harwood; 1894, Levi Curtis,
assisted in .94 by W. W. Edmondson and in .95 by A. Hoskins;
1896, Thomas H. James and Supply; 1899, H. C. Hatcher; 1901,
Geo. C. Frazer; 1902, Charles Howse, assisted in .02 by F. E.
Boothroyd, in .03 by Supply, and .04 by J. Line ; 1906, J. K. Cur
tis, assisted in .06 by J. Line, in .07 by W. J. Mumford, and .08
by Supply; 1909, T. W. Atkinson and Supply; 1912, Geo. A. Steel
and in .12 Ira K. Curtis; 1913, Sidney Bennett; 1916, A. V. Robb;
1918, W. H. Dotchon, assisted in .18 and .19 by U. Laite; 1920,
J. A. Wilkinson and Supply; 1924, John W. Windsor.

In no section of the Island has the Methodist growth been
so wonderfully rapid. Great revivals have been experienced on
this wide field, especially under T. W. Atkinson, Levi Curtis and,
as late as 1906-7, under J. K. Curtis.

The appointments on the circuit are Twillingate North, with
a new church, seating 600; Twillingate South, where the parson
age is and a fine church, seating 1000, Little Harbor, Crow Head,
Bluff Head Cove, Gillard's Cove. Reginald White, of the Nova
Scotia Conference, and his wife are natives of Twillingate, as is
also Baxter J. Warr of the same Conference. Revs. William
Marshall, George C. Frazer, arid Jabez Hill noted for their saint
ly character and evangelistic zeal lie buried side by side at Twill
ingate. The men of even half-a-century ago were cast in heroic
mould and endured amazing hardships in the prosecution of
glorious work. Rev. John Reay tells how he and William Swann
made a trip of 180 miles in 18 days, on snowshoes, for mission
ary meetings across the frozen bays. Twice, on that trip, their
lives were in danger, once by thin new ice and once by storm.

Herring Neck — This community was once connected with
Change Islands. The appointments are Herring Neck, Cole's
Arm, Merritt's Harbor, Burnt Cove and Salt Pans. It once had
a married minister and the old parsonage remains but it is now
occupied by a probationer. John Reay started the work at Herr
ing Neck, a little better than fifty years ago, holding service in
the house of Esau Blandford. It happened that Wm. Swann was
with Mr. Reay and preached the first sermon there.

NEWFOUNDLAND 317

Herring Neck first appears as the head of a mission in 1875
with "One to be Sent." After a few years the title was Herring
Neck and Change Islands and later Herring Neck with Change
Islands and Indian Islands as a separate mission. The pastoral
list is as follows: 1876, W. Jennings; 1878, T. L. Eland; 1879, W.
H. Edyvean; 1882, W. T. D. Dunn; 1884, R. Bramfitt; 1887,
Win. Rex; 1890, C. Lench; 1892, A. Stoney; 1894, W. Harris;
1897, A. A. Holmes; 1900, W. Patterson; 1902, Supply; 1905, J.
W. Guy; 1906, F. J. Haden; 1907, Supply; 1909, H. Royle; 1910,
P. LeGrow; 1911, Isaac French; 1913, Eli Anthony; 1914, Sup
ply; 1919, G. Butt, 1920, Supply; in 1921 the name of the mis
sion was Herring Neck and Summerford with Gilbert Turtle pas
tor; 1922, Supply; 1923, George L. Morgan; 1925, W. G. Jones.

i

Summerford — This mission was cut off from Herring Neck
and appeared as a separate mission in 1923, with F. J. Little as
pastor, 1924, Supply ; 1925, (Supply, — Berry) . The appointments
are Summerford, Cattle's Island; Chanceporte; Carter's Cove
and Virgin Arm. There is a new church at Summerford. This
mission is on New World Island to the south and a new era for
education is dawning with the reconstruction and building of
school houses.

Moreton's Harbor — This mission is distant seven or eight
miles from Twillingate but on 'another island. The appointments
are Morteon's Harbor, Tizzard's Harbor, and Trump Island. It
used to include Merrit's Harbor now connected with the Change
Island field. These communities were early visited from Twill
ingate and were afterwards long connected with the widely-ex
tended Exploits circuit. In the early days, Hedley Brett, Jabez
Small and Walt Brett were associated as lay-readers, and later
Mark Osmond took up the work. The church at Tizzard's Har
bor was occupied a long time before its completion. Mr. Burt
was lay-reader there. A parsonage was erected at Moreton's Har
bor in 1875, and a new church commenced there in 1893-94 dur
ing the pastorate of S. J. Russell. A new parsonage has recent
ly been built.

The following is the pastoral list — 1880, J. Nurse; 1881, J.
Pincock; 1884, H. C. Hatcher; 1887, Jesse Heyfield; 1890,
W. R. Tratt; 1893, S. J. Russell; 1896, W. J. Bartlett; 1899,
Wm. Kendall; 1902, W. H. Dotchon, assisted in 1904 by R. H.
Mercer, and in .05 by Supply; 1906, S. A. Chancey, assisted in .09

HISTORY OF METHODISM

by F. D. Cotton; 1910, H. Scott, assisted in .13 by A. Patterson;
1914, Wm. Harris and Supply; 1918, Geo. L. Mercer and Supply;
R. C. White; 1924, W. H. Dotchon.

The names of Brett, Osmond, Small, French, are prominent
among the supporters of this cause.

Exploits and New Bay — In 1841, John S. Addy was sent by
the District Meeting on a prospecting missionary tour. He left
Trinity in a trading vessel and called at Change Islands, Shoe
Cove, Nipper's Harbor and Exploits, which latter place was visit
ed once or twice in each year by the Episcopal minister of
Twillingate. "Only a fortnight before, at the consecration of a
church built in great measure through the exertions of the three
Methodist families of the place and announcement has been made
that no other minister than such as were appointed by the bis
hop should be permitted to preach within its walls; the three
'precious services' held at Exploits on the Lord's-day were there
fore held in the school-room." The three Methodist families
must have been of heroic mold as it was reported at the District
Meeting of 1842 that they had erected the frame of a church.

This circuit once included what is now the Botwood and
Laurencetown missions. The present appointments are Exploits,
New Bay, Black Island, Point Leamington, Leading Tickles and
Osmonton. A good church and parsonage are found at the head
of the mission. From this circuit Elihu Manuel (of B. C.), J.
N. Sceviour, and Fred Purchase (of Sask.) entered the ministry.
At Exploits, Samuel Manuel and Matthew Dalton were useful
lay-readers.

This mission first appeared in the Minutes in 1859, under
the title Exploits and Little Bay Islands. The following is the
list of pastors: 1859, J. A. Duke; 1862, A. W. Turner; 1864,
Jabez A. Rogers; 1866, H. L. Cranford; 1868, Thos. Allen and
Francis Scott; 1869, F. Scott; 1870, C. Pickles; 1872, F. G. Wil-
ley and C. Myers; 1873, S. B. Dunn; 1875, C. Myers; 1876, J.
Alexander; 1877, J. Pratt; 1880, J. Parkins; 1883, A. Hill; 1885,
W. Swann; 1887, J. Nurse; 1890, G. C. Frazer; 1893, H. Scott;
1896, S. Jefferson; 1899, W. J. Bartlett; 1901, Edgar Taylor;
1904, R. H. Maddock asst'd in .07 by R. S. Smith; 1908, A.
Young, asst'd in .09 by J. T. Stapleton, in .10 by Supply, and in
.11 by K. Richards; 1912, W. J. Morris, asst'd in .12 by B. F.
Parsons, and in .13 and 14 by Supply; 1916, I. French; 1920, W.
H. Dotchon; 1924, R. E. Belbin; 1925, F. Doherty.

NEWFOUNDLAND 319

This mission has suffered greatly from emigration, so that
whilst for a long time it had ordained ministers, and often the
chairman of the District, it is now united with New Bay under
one probationer.

Pilley's Island — This name first appears on the station sheet
in 1892, in connection with Little Bay Island, which continued
for years to have two men, the second man living at Pilley's Is
land. The record of the second man is as follows: 1891, Edwin
Moore; 1893, Edgar Jones; 1895, C. Squires; 1896, Supply;
1897, J. W. Bartlett; 1898, R. H. Maddock; 1900, Supply; 1905,
Elijah French; 1906, Supply; 1907, A. W. Dycer; 1908, Supply;

1911, the circuit name was Little Bay Islands, Long Island and
Pilley's Island, with three men, the third being Henry Allenby;

1912, A. J. Waterman; in 1913, Long Island and Pilley's Island
were separated from Little Bay Islands and had two men, Ern-
•est Davis at Pilley's. In 1914, the three places are again together
with J. N. Scevior at Pilley's; in 1916, all three are separated and
Pilley's Island appears as head of a mission with Supply (J. A.
Spencer); 1917, E. S. Mouland; 1919, Supply (S. R. Cooper);
1920, Supply (J. Osmond) ; 1921, E. Lacey; 1922, Supply (F. J.
Little) ; 1923, G. S. Johnson; 1924, Wm. S. Bishop; 1925, L. A.
W. Curtis. The appointments on Pilley's Island are Triton,
Card's Hbr., Robert's Arm, Brighton, Sunday Cove Island. Bax
ter Warr, of the N. S. Conference entered the ministry from Pil
ley's Island. Dr. Grenfell has a hospital on this island.

Little Bay Islands — These communities were supplied from
Exploits previous to 1873 when this mission name appears on the
Minutes with Charles Myers as its pastor. Sometimes Pilley's
Island and Long Island missions were connected with Little
Bay Islands and sometimes worked separately. Long Island is
now connected with L. B. I. The present appointments are
Lush's Bight, where a new church was built in 1921, Cutwell's
Arm, Ward's Harbor, Wellman's Cove, Mile's Cove, Port Anson,
Long Island and Beaumont, where a new church was built in
1924. Two churches were erected on Little Bay Islands in 1875
and a fine new parsonage in 1923. A new church was dedicated
on March 1st, 1885, free from debt, the preachers being Revs.
J. N. Vickers and G. Noble. Walter G. Jones, Harold Parsons,
Wm. Grimes, and W. J. Morris entered the ministry from this
mission and here Cyril Curtis found his wife (Miss Strong) .

320 HISTORY OF METHODISM

At Little Bay Islands, Levi March, J. P., was a great sup
porter of the church, and other prominent members included
Frank Oldford, Duncan Parsons, George Jones and James Strong.

The following is the list of pastors: 1873, C. Myers; 1875, J.
Pincock; 1876, R. Bramfitt; 1878, Wm. Jennings; 1881, Joseph
Lister; 1885, J. Pincock; 1887, H. C. Hatcher; 1890, Wm. Rex;
1893, W. J. Hutcheson; 1895, J. J. Wheatley; 1898, C. Fleming-
ton; 1901, H. Scott; 1905, J. C. Sidey; 1908, R. H. Maddock;
1911, E. Baines; 1912, H. G. Coppin; 1913, Little Bay Islands
appears as a separate mission from Pilley's Island with Thomas
Pitcher pastor; 1917, E. Davis; 1921, Cyril Curtis, 1924, Jesse L.
Reynolds.

Springdale — This mission name first appears in the Minutes
of 1906 with Supply. It was long connected with Little Bay Is
lands. Its appointments are Springdale, Birchville, Boot Harbor,
Little Bay, Woodford's Cove, Wild Bight, Southern Arm and
Shoal Arm. The pastoral list is as follows: 1907, H. G. Hatcher;
1908, J. C. Sidey; 1909, A. 0. Birchenough; 1910, F. W. Saw-
don; 1911, F. G. Martin; 1912, W. H. McKirdy; 1914, A. D.
Roberts; 1915, W. Stanley Williams; 1917, W. F. Kelloway;
1918, Ira F. Curtis; 1920, L. W. Blundon; 1922, R. Atkinson;
1923, R. W. Gough; 1924, Supply (A. T. Young); 1925, A. H.
Boyles. In 1905 fire destroyed the church and the homes of
numbers of the people. A new church was dedicated on Dec.
25th, 1906.

King's Point — For a long time there was a Little Bay as well
as a Little Bay Islands mission. Little Bay appeared in the
Minutes in 1883 with 'One to be sent." Then'followed 1884, with
J. W. Vickers; 1885, H. Hooper; 1886, H. Abraham; 1889, J. E.
Manning; 1891, J. Lumsden; 1892, W. M. Browning; 1895, John
Pye; 1898, H. Scott; 1901-06, Supply; 1907, F. Dickenson; 1908,
G. B. Pickering; 1909, Supply; in 1911 the circuit name was
changed to King's Point with R. H. Ball; 1912, Supply; 1915, R.
White; 1916, W. Woolfrey; 1917, Elijah Mercer; 1918, Geo.
Butt; 1919, W. F. Kelloway; 1920, Supply; 1921, H. R. Bursey;
1923, E. Lacey; 1924, Supply; 1925, L. Perry. This mission in
cludes King's Point, Rattling Brook, Jackson's Cove, Harry's
Harbor, Three Arms and Mansfield's Point.
I

Nipper's Hdtbor — Some say this community received its

NEWFOUNDLAND 321

name from the sharp-biting mosquitoes which infest it and others
that it is derived from the shape of the harbor entrance. It first
appeared as the head of a mission in 1885 associated with Little
Bay Islands. It was also sometimes associated with Tilt Cove
and White Bay.

The pastoral record is as follows: 1885, Supply; 1886, J. E.
Manning; 1887, S. Jennings; 1890, Mark Fenwick, J. E. Peters
and an Agent; 1892, C. Flemington and J. J. Blythe (at Tilt
Cove); 1893, Supply; 1894, J. C. Sidey and E. Moore and in
1896, W. B. Ambrose; 1897, W. Harris and W. B. Ambrose; 1899,
W. H. Dotchon and C. Howse; 1901, C. W. Dotchon; 1902, Sup
ply; 1903, W. J. Morris; 1904, J. T. Begarie; 1906, H. T. Coppin;
1910, S. Chancey; 1912, F. H. Phillipson; 1914, F. D. Cotton;
1918, J. C. Elliott; 1920, Stanley Williams; 1921, J. Sweetapple;
1923, F. Doherty; 1925, G. Taylor.

The appointments are Nipper's Harbor, where there is
church and parsonage, the church erected in 1914, Stocking Har
bor, Rouge Harbor, Green Cove, Round Harbor, Indian Burying
Place, Roger's Harbor, Smith's Harbor, Burlington (N. W. Arm)
and Middle Arm.

Wm. Harris had a gracious revival in 1897-99 and a more
recent work of grace occurred in 1922-23 under James Sweet-
apple. Arminius Young entered the ministry from Burlington.
Joseph Morgan was a useful lay reader. Other names influen-
tially connected with the church are Batstone, Nobles, Starks,
Share and Bowers ; Henry Knight at Jackson's Corner and James
White at Harry's Harbor when these latter places were connected
with the circuit. At Burlington, Andrew Roberts, Reuben Mer
cer, William Lush, Wm. Bartlett and Eli Jennings are mentioned
as active workers in the church. Elijah Mercer and Philip Lash
of the Maine Conference went from this place. The first church
erected here blew down while in an unfinished state. Another
was commenced and was, after long years, finished in 1923.

La Scie — The discovery of copper ore in Tilt Cove and Bett'g
Cove led to large gatherings of people in those communities. Tilt
Cove ore was discovered in 1857 and was operated until 1918
when the ore became exhausted. The Bett's Cove mine was open
ed in 1874 and closed in 1885. At Bett's Cove three hundred men
were employed and large congregations assembled. Tilt Cove
appeared as a station in 1874 with S. Snowden as pastor, followed
by 1876, J. Dixon; 1877, Geo. J. Bond and Lewis Richings; 1878,

3212 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Geo. Bullen; in 1880, it united with Bett's Cove. The Bett's
Cove record is 1878, J. B. Heal; 1880, Geo. Bullen and John
Peters; 1881, C. Myers; 1882, J. J. Mawson; 1883, H. Abraham;
1884, Geo. Noble.

In 1885, the works closing at Bett's Cove the circuit name
dropped out and Tilt Cove became connected with Nipper's Har
bor till 1901 when Tilt Cove appears again at the head of a mis
sion with the following pastoral record: 1901, Chas. Howse;
1902, J. R. Curtis; 1906, F. R. Matthews; 1907, W. J. Morris; in
1908 La Scie became connected in the title with James Leach and
W. J. Mumford, the latter residing at La Scie; 1909, T. Pitcher
and Supply; 1910, Supply and A. E. Stephenson; 1911, Alfred
Pollard; 1912, Baxter Warr; 1913, S. Williams; 1915, J. A. Wil
kinson; in 1916, the name of the mission became shortened to
La Scie with H. H. Gillingham pastor; 1918, W. T. Eddy; 1919,
Eugene Vaters; 1920, Max. Parsons; 1921, Supply (J. Austin);
1922, R. W. Gough; 1923, W. S. Bishop; 1924, S. Spurrell; 1925,
E. H. King.

At Tilt Cove, in 1875, a church and parsonage were erected.
In 1894, Edwin Moore had an extensive revival there. John
Howse and Wm. Bartlett were devoted Christian lay readers.
Ward Richards, one of the assistant managers, was converted and
became an excellent lay reader.

The appointments are La Scie, Tilt Cove, Shoe Cove and
Snook's Arm.

The village of La Scie had no school of any sort till 1894.
Then, under the inspiration of the member of the House of As
sembly for that District (St. Barbe), Alexander Parsons, Esq.,
of St. John's, a public meeting was held and it was decided that
there should be a united school which would be attended by all
denominations and that the Methodists, having the largest num
ber of people, should be in permanent charge. This arrangement
has worked ever since with complete good will and Roman
Catholics and Anglicans have been good enough to praise our
fairness. One of the original supporters of the plan was D. Dug-
gan, the local magistrate, who was a Romanist.

Pacquet — White Bay appears on the Minutes as the head of
a mission in 1884 with H. Hooper, pastor; then follow, 1885,
Supply; 1886, W. J. Bartlett; 1887, Supply; 1888, A. Stoney;
1889, Supply; 1892, A. N. Antle; 1893, Supply (S. I. M.) ; 1894.
J. Opie; 1896, Geo. Burry; 1898, S. A. Chancey; 1900-06, Supply.

NEWFOUNDLAND 323

In 1906, White Bay mission was divided into White Bay .South
and North. The south section was called Pacquet and the north
called Englee. The Pacquet pastors have been as follows: 1907,
J. W. Winsor; 1908, Supply (W. M. G.) ; 1909, J. G. Boyles;
1911, F. Purchase; 1912, W. R. Butler; 1913, C. Melindy; 1914,
Supply; the name is given as Baie Verte in 1915 and 1916 with
R. Moores as Supply; 1917, Supply (B. Crewe) ; 1919, A. C. Le-
Grow; 1920, Supply (E. Lacey) ; 1921, Supply (F. J. Little) ;
1922, A. McK. Rose; 1924, Supply (W. T. Mercer); 1925, (G.
Lacey) .

The appointments are Pacquet, Woodstock, St.Barbe,Mingo,
Wild Cove, Seal Cove, Southern Arm, Hampden, Sop's Island
and Jackson's Arm. There are churches at Pacquet and St.
Barbe, and others are in building at Woodstock and Wild Cove.
The remaining places have school chapels.

Englee — This mission was connected with White Bay mis
sion until 1906 when the latter was divided into White Bay
South and North, the latter taking the name of Englee, with the
following pastoral record: 1906, Supply; 1908, L. Halfyard;
1910, J. C, Elliott; 1912-14, Supply; 1915, W. S. Eddy; 1916, A.
T. Noftle; 1917, Supply; 1919, D. E. Freake; 1920, Supply (R.
Belbin) ; 1922, S. Spurrell; 1924, Supply; 1925, M. H. LeGrow.

Englee was visited by Rev. Alexander MacGregor, from St.
Anthony, fifty miles north, in the winter of 1873-74, accompanied
by Henry F. Moore, a godly lay reader. They remained three
weeks. Among the converts was a woman who was the means
of the conversion of her eldest son, who soon gathered a class of
a score. He became a lay reader and held services for many
years. Hooping Harbor is on this mission.

St. Anthony — Methodism at this point owes everything to
the fidelity, aggressiveness and, best of all, piety of one man. In
the fall of 1867, Henry F. Moore, a native of Carbonear, com
menced business on what was a very sparsely settled shore visit
ed twice a year by an Anglican minister, or priest, as he preferred
to call himself. The only other Methodist in all the region was
Archibald Taylor, a native of Harbor Grace, who was established
twenty miles away to the north at Quirpon ; but at that time Mr.
Taylor was not particularly interested in church matters.

On the first Sunday of his stay in his new home Mr. Moore
hoisted the flag, which answers to the ringing of the church bell

324 HISTORY OF METHODISM

in Canada. For fifty years, till the Moore family removed, father
and son, John, to Glory, and Frederick and Joseph to St. John's,
that flag never failed to salute the Sabbath morn and service
never failed though sometimes but two persons outside the family
were present.

Such fire and enthusiasm were contagious and it was but a
little while till across the harbor, at St. Anthony Bight, the home
of Richard Pilgrim was opened for preaching. He was also a
native of Carbonear. Soon he was converted and began in turn
to lead services. At Saint Anthony, under the fiery exhortations
of Mr. Moore, who was an extempore preacher of the best, a
young Englishman by the name of Boyles made a full surrender
and, having great talents, afterward divided with his spiritual
father the work of lay preaching.

The pleadings of Mr. Moore at last secured a man to be sta
tioned at Saint Anthony and Alex. McGregor, the Scot, with a
highlander's love of learning and the Methodist fervor, was sent
to open his commission. His was a great ministry. Mr. Moore,
when winter closed in, left his business in the hands of the young
men of his home and toured the whole coast with the preacher.
Coming back at Christmas time, they had a glorious tale to tell
of revival fire burning everywhere. Then the newly built church-
school at Saint Anthony was opened for service and from New
Year's to Mid-Summer was never closed for a single evening. The
country side was changed as the winter covered Rockies are
browned by the swift movement of the Chinook winds. The pa
triarchs who still grace many a home from Cook's Harbor, near
the entrance of the Straits, to Englee, half way down White Bay,
a distance of one hundred miles, still rejoice at the memories of
those days.

In 1877, Mr. Moore being greatly prospered in the things of
this world, as well as those of the Kingdom of Heaven, began to
use a schooner as a floating store visiting all this coast. Every
where he spent the Lord's Day the flag was flown as though he
had been at home and everywhere crowds attended to buy from
the zealous grocer and dry goods man the wine and milk which
are without price. This was a wonderful assistance to the sta
tioned preacher and when Henry F. Moore, full of years, honors
and glory preached his last sermon, Joseph, who succeeded to the
chief place in the business, took his father's place.

A church was begun at Quirpon in the time of Rev. W. B.
Secombe, who was a Cornishman connected with the >Tewfound-

NEWFOUNDLAND 325

land Conference for a short time. There, too, Archibald Taylor
found Christ and for years proudly confessed him and uplifted
him before the congregation when there was no preacher. When
age laid him aside John Guy, a native of Cape Freels, was raised
up to fill the vacancy.

The Saint Anthony circuit was trisected at length by men
being sent the same year to Englee to the South and St. Leon
ard's at the North.

St. Anthony consisted of the village of that name. Its story
is as above. St. Anthony Bight had a school chapel built in 1893.
At Big Brehat Henry Dean held the fort for many years. At
Little Brehat, the name of Jesse Richards will always be remem
bered. Goose Cove was nurtured by Elihu Powell, a local preach
er, from that home of grand Methodist lay workers, Carbonear.
Ireland Bight touched a strong Roman settlement for the benefit
of a few Protestant families.

St. Leonard's is often known as Griguet. They are really
two ends of the same village, only a mile apart. It is twenty
miles north of St. Anthony. There Charles Foley was one of the
first and staunchest of the Methodist converts and became a lay
reader whose devoted work was followed by Albert Bursey, Wm.
J. Bursey and John Compton. Quirpon was next in this circuit.
A section of the same district was Noddy Bay. This was really
a section of Quirpon, but in its own school chapel. Is. Bartlett,
a native of the village, made good proof that his true native air
was Heaven. At Ship Cove, in Brother Martin's time, a church
was begun. He died while at college at Toronto, a man filled
with the Holy Ghost, if ever those words were applicable to a
man. At the memorial service in the Newfoundland Conference
man after man broke down as they spoke of this brother whose
years of probation were cut short by a celestial graduation. Hen
ry Bowfield, first, and then Henry Deckers successfully worked
as leaders with many faithful followers to bring spiritual success.
At the hamlet of Raleigh there were never more than four or five
Methodist families but from them came the only travelling
preacher from the coast, John C. Elliott now of one of the New
England Conferences.

In addition to the mighty work under MacGregor and the
deeply spiritual movement under Martin, there were great scenes
in the time of Dr. Curtis and again under Edgar Jones, who af
terwards became an Anglican clergyman. The original church
built at St. Anthony by Henry Moore was blown down in 1894

326 HISTORY OF METHODISM

and several hundreds of dollars collected for its rebuilding lost
in the bank crash of that year. The three Moore brothers built
the new church on their own land, being their own building com
mittee. Some dozen years ago, on retiring to St. John's to end
their days, they deeded the property to the Conference.

Saint Anthony had a married ordained man for a few terms.
Wm. Harris was the first. There never was a parsonage. It was
also found that the division of the circuit was too costly to the
Missionary Society. In all churches, history shows that evange
listic zeal runs ahead of ministerial support. It is probable that
the large Methodist population built up here on such founda
tions will add to their faith this virtue also of a greater generosity
and that some day this will be a self supporting field.

St. Anthony is Dr. GrenfelPs northern headquarters and the
mission folk are always very sympathetic towards our work.

The following is the list of pastors: 1873, Alexander Mac-
Gregor; 1876, Wm. B. Secombe; 1878, Lewis Richings; 1879, Wm.
R. Tratt; 1882, W. W. Rider; 1883, Levi Curtis; 1885, Supply;
1886, A. A. Holmes; 1887, James Smith; 1889, Wm. Harris; 1893,
H. Clegg; 1894, C. Squires; 1895, Edgar Jones; 1896, Supply;
1897, R. M. Bicle; 1899, Supply; 1900, C. A. Whitemarsh; 1901,
E. Lewis; 1902, W. J. Morris; 1903, H. G. Coppin; 1904, S. H.
Soper; 1906, W. H. Webber; 1907, Supply; 1908, W. M. Muir;
1909, J. C. Sidey and Jos. Jones; 1910, J. A. Williamson and F.
D. Cotton; 1911, Supply; 1912, H. Allenby; 1913, Supply; 1914,

B. C. Henderson; 1915, C. A. Francis; 1917, H. W. Martin; 1920,
A. C. LeGrow; 1921, H. W. Martin, till college opened; 1922, J.

C. Lewis; 1924, L. L. Burry; 1925, I. L. Barry.

GRAND FALLS DISTRICT

Grand Falls — This is one of the new circuits developed by
the great pulp and paper manufactures which have been estab
lished in that region of country in recent years. Grand Falls,
Bishop's Falls, Norris Arm, Millerton and Botwood were con
nected until, in a few years, the town of Grand Falls became
large enough to support its own church and minister. An excel
lent church plant has been erected.

The circuit name first appeared as Grand Falls and Miller-
ton with more than one preacher. The second and third names
appear in connection with Bishop's Falls and Millerton.

NEWFOUNDLAND 327

The pastors have been as follows: 1908, J. J. Durrant; 1909,
W. M. Muir. In 1910, Glenwood was connected with A. S. Dog-
gett as pastor. Norris Arm appeared on the station-list in 1911
with B. J. Warr, and in 1912 and 1913 with E. Davis as pastor.
The name then disappeared and Bishop's Falls appeared (wnich
see). From 1912 the pastors at Grand Falls have been as follows:
1912, N. M. Guy; 1914, W. T. D. Dunn; 1920, Sidney Bennett.

Bishop's Falls — This is one of the new missions created
through the lumber and pulp developments. It was connected
with Grand Falls and Millertown, then for a little time a separate
mission, then connected with Millertown, and finally as a separ
ate mission. The pastors have been 1914, W. B. Barnes; 1916,
E. Vater; 1917, Supplies; 1922, S. W. Francis; 1923, T. W. Ty
son; 1924, Supply.

It includes Norris Arm North and South. In 1920, Glenwood
was joined to Lewisporte.

Millertown and Badger — Millertown was for some years
connected with Grand and Bishop's Falls, and sometimes had
Norris Arm in its title. It separated from Grand Falls in 1916.
The pastors have been as follows: 1908, W. P. Wornell; 1910,
Supply (H. A. M.) ; 1911, Baxter J. Warr; 1912, E. Davis; 1914,
T. G. Seeley ; 1916, W. S. Eddy; 1917, A. T. Noftle; 1918, G. Wil
kinson; 1919, B. P. Pardy; 1921, A. C. LeGrow; 1922, S. Gar
land; 1923, H. E. Parsons. In 1920, Norris Arm appeared con
nected and in 1921, Bishop's Falls.

Botwood — This mission first appears in the Minutes as Bot-
woodville, in 1898, with W. J. Luscombe as pastor, followed in
1899 with F. S. Hallett; 1902, Wm. A. Palmer; 1904, W. M.
Muir; 1905, C. R. Durrant. Laurencetown was added to the
circuit name in 1906; in 1907, J. J. Durrant; 1908, W. J. Morris;
1912, W. H. Webber; 1913, J. T. Newman; 1917, H. G. Coppin;
1922, Ira F. Curtis; 1924, W. E. Mercer.

Northern Arm is an appointment of this circuit. In Mr.
Nurse's term at Exploits (1887-90), S. J. Russell built a small
church at Botwood in which Methodism began in that commun
ity. Luke Manuel had a mill there and was a lay reader and a
strong supporter of the cause. He used to leave home for a week
at a time to accompany the minister to the lumber camps and
help in the services held there.

328 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Laurencetown — In the Minutes of 1889, on the station list,
appeared Laurencetown and Burnt Bay with one to be sent, fol
lowed in 1890 with S. W. Russell as pastor. In 1891, the name
was changed to Laurencetown and Marshallville (later Lewis-
porte), with the following pastors: 1891, H. Whitmore; 1892,
Edwin Moore; 1893, Supply; 1894, Selby Jefferson; 1896, J. J.
Durrant; 1897, J. K. Curtis. In 1898, the name Laurencetown
disappears for some years, and Botwoodville appeared. In 1906,
the title is Botwoodville and Laurencetown with two men, the
Supply or probationer, as the case might be, residing at Laur
encetown. Amongst these latter were, in 1908, F. J. Armitage;
1912 and 1913, T. M. Gillingham; 1914, Isaac Davis; 1915 and
1916, W. Boyes. In 1918, Laurencetown appears as a separate
mission with Watson Boyes; 1919, W. H. McKirdy; 1920, S. R.
Cooper; 1921, W. Thistle; 1923, James P. Kay; 1924, Stanley
Tiller; 1925, (H. V. Parfitt). The former name of Laurencetown
was Kite Cove. The appointments on this mission are Laurence-
town, Burnt Arm South, Point of the Bay, Brown's Arm, Porter-
ville, and Charles Brook.

Lewisporte — This mission, formerly known as Marshall
ville, appears in the Minutes of 1900. The appointments are
Lewisporte, South Side, Stanhope (Scissors Cove) , Salt Pond, and
Little Burnt Bay. In 1905, forest fires destroyed almost all the
buildings in Lewisporte, including the parsonage which had only
been built in the previous year. Rev. Edwin Moore saved some
of his books by burying them. Little else was saved. Mrs.
Moore never recovered from the shock and died at Shoal Harbor,
their next appointment.

Wm. G. Woolfrey and Aquila Woolfrey were lay readers on
this circuit. J. W. Guy entered the ministry from this community.

The pastoral list is as follows: 1900, Supply (R. W. B.) ;
1901, C.A. Whitemarsh; 1902, Edwin Moore; 1905, C.R. Blount,
1906, W. H. Dotchon; 1910, W. T. D. Dunn; 1914, W. J. Wilson;
1918, W. E. Mercer; 1924, J. A. Wilkinson.

Campbellton — This mission includes Birchy Cove, Loon
Bay, Comfort Cove and Little Burnt Bay. Campbellton was
formerly known as Indian Arm. In 1905, fire destroyed every
thing except the Methodist church. A new church was dedicated
at Campbellton on April 14, 1907, by Rev. W. H. Dotchon.
Thomas Janes was an excellent lay reader. Francis Boone, a

NEWFOUNDLAND 329

young man converted at Lewisporte, was sent to Loon Bay to
start its first school and also to do some preaching with the result
that a great reformation took place. Campbellton was supplied
by an Agent in 1909; Supplies till 1915 when J. H. Way was pas
tor; 1916, Supply (W. D. S.) ; 1917, Supply (E. E. Hideout) ;
1919, W. Reid; 1921, Supply; 1922, R. Belbin; 1923, L. W. Blun-
don; 1924, R. Atkinson; 1925, Supply. Glenwood was sometimes
connected with Lewisporte and sometimes with Grand Falls.
From 1906 to 1913 it appeared as the head of a mission, in sev
eral years with Supply and in 1910 with A. S. Doggett and in
1912 with W. Vey as pastor.

Bonne Bay — This mission first appeared in the Minutes in
1881 with W. B. Seccombe as pastor. He was one hundred and
twenty miles away from the nearest Methodist minister at St.
George's and in the other direction one hundred and fifty miles
from St. Anthony. The appointments are Curzon Village ("The
Point") , Shoal Brook, Rocky Harbor, Trout River, and French
Point. A church at Shoal Brook which was left in an unfinished
state for several years was completed in 1887 during the pastor
ate of T. B. Darby. New churches have recently been built at
Shoal Brook and Curzon Village. In the early days, Henry Half-
yard and John Campbell were lay readers and in more recent
times Reuben Moores at Shoal Brook and Mr. Tuff at Curzon
Village have rendered good service as lay readers. Gracious re
vivals were experienced in the pastorates of H. Scott and T. B.
Darby.

For ten years, beginning with 1887, a lay Agent was employ
ed by the Methodist church to traverse the one hundred and fifty
miles between Bonne Bay at St. Anthony, the British American
Tract Society also employing him as its agent. His name was
Campbell. He assisted Mr. Darby in evangelistic services on
that shore. At one place they overheard one man say to another
"I never saw anyone pray without a book before;" and at another
place "He must be a good man for he prays." They had been
warned against them as bad men. At one place a man said
"We'll know now when to expect the Church of England man."
He was asked "How he knew" and was answered "Oh, he will be
along the week after you Methodists. They do not care if we go
to Rome but they do hate you Methodists."

The following is the list of pastors: 1881, W. B. Seccombe;
1882, S. Jennings; 1884, H. Scott; 1886, T. B. Darby; 1888, J. C.

330 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Sidey ; up to this time Bay of Islands formed part of the title of
the mission; 1889, J. Pye; 1892, G. E. Heal; 1894, J. C. B. Peck;
1895, J. K. Curtis; 1897, T. E. Roberts; 1899, W. A. Ambrose;
1901, E. B. Ward; 1903, T. D. Jones; 1905, W. M. Muir; 1906,
Supply; 1908, N. M. Guy; 1909, W. B. Bugden; 1910, P. Wil
liams; 1911, Supply; 1912, J. W. Baggs, assisted in 1913 and 1914
by an Agent; 1915, N. A. Janes; 1916, Geo. Wilkinson and Sup
ply; 1917, Jesse Reynolds; 1918, A. M. Boyles; 1919, I. Davis;
1920, E. Vaters; 1921, W. J. Moores (summer supply); 1922,
Supply (W. Fermer) ; 1923, Supply (A. Dinney) ; 1924, A. McK.
Rose; 1925, A. T. Young.

Bay of Islands — It will be seen from the pastoral record ap
pended that this mission was connected with Bonne Bay and then
with St. George's Bay. There was little practical organization
until 1889 when Rev. J. T. Newman, stationed at St. George, and
being superintendent of this mission, secured a small piece of
land and induced the people to commence the erection of a
"School Chapel", although it was never used as a school. A few
years later a piece of land was secured at Petrie's Crossing, which
provided a cemetery and a site for a school building. This build
ing, after some enlargements, served its purpose for twenty years.
The Methodists were few and the Presbyterians had a well sup
ported church which was attended by our people.

In 1903, a young Scotchman in the person of Peter Bryce,
just out from the heather, now holding a position of much in
fluence in Toronto Methodism, was sent to Bay of Islands, and
immediately the cause began to strengthen. Congregations so
increased that the church had soon to be enlarged. A small
church was also built at Humbermouth, about three miles east
where the railroad had its Eastern Divisional Point and people
began to settle there. A small church was built at Wood's Island
and one commenced at Lark Harbor about twenty miles from
Curling at the mouth of the Bay. Mr. Bryce's stay of three yeara
made a fine preparation for the growth of this cause so acceler
ated by the increasing population of the past few years. The
first official quarterly board was constituted in January, 1904,
with Mr. Bryce, presiding; Levi March, J. P., recording steward;
A. M. Peters, financial steward, and W. K. Angwin and Richard
Hilliard present. At that meeting it was resolved to enter upon
the following financial year without asking any assistance from
the missionary fund. It was resolved to enlarge, and practically

NEWFOUNDLAND 331

rebuild the church at a cost of $1200. The building started at
Lark Harbor was not finished as the proposal to erect a whaling
establishment in that community was not carried out. At River
Head a small school chapel was erected which has become en
tirely inadequate for church and school purposes and arrange
ments have been made to erect, in 1925, a combined school and
church building to cost more than $10,000.

In 1924, under co-operation with the Presbyterians, Rev. E.
Davis, of Curling, became pastor of the united cause.

The development of great pulp and paper-making works has
caused the sudden growth of a large town at Corner Brook and
plans are being completed to erect such buildings as will meet
the religious needs of the people. The first of such buildings was
completed in March, 1925. A news item for the press said: "The
first adventure in a 'United Church' in Newfoundland took con
crete form on Sundy, March 15th, at the new Paper Town of
Corner Brook, when was opened for Divine service and for the
fostering of the religious, social and intellectual interests of the
people, a new 'Church Hall' recently erected and now almost
completed." •

A manse and main church edifice are also projected. The
preachers at the opening of the splendid Hall were Dr. Pringle
(Pres.) of Sydney, C. B., and Dr. Levi Curtis of St. John's, as
sisted by Rev. E. Davis, the pastor, and Mr. Morrison (Pres.)
from Grand Falls. The parsonage at Curling was rented in Mr.
Boothroyd's term and a house, owned by the circuit, was built
during Mr. Royle's pastorate (1911) at a cost of about $2,000.

In 1912, John Clark and Hubert Wells, day-school teachers,
were appointed local preachers with a view of entering the min
istry. Walter McWherter, of Humbermouth, was killed at Gal-
lipoli during the Great War. Rev. W. W. Cotton, the pastor,
(1914-16), also went to the war and was seriously wounded but
returned to the war until the end.

Owing to the removal of the Methodist adherents from
Wood's Island the building owned by the church was sold.

The following have made .themselves useful as lay readers:
Levi March, W. K. Angwin, W. J. Scott, S. M., George Allen,
Tobias Howell, W. J. Milley and R. S. Hunt.

The churches at Humbermouth and Corner Brook are only
a mile and a quarter apart but a large population is developing
through the paper-making industries and more accommodation
will soon be needed.

332 HISTORY OF METHODISM

The following is the list of pastors: Bay of Islands appear
ed on the station list of 1872 with One wanted; 1873, Bay of
Islands and Bonne Bay, "One to be sent" and after Conference
Jabez Hill went there. In 1874, the title is Bonne Bay and Bay
of Islands and the latter was supplied from the former till 1886,
the pastors being 1876, J. Pincock; 1878, John Peters; 1880, Wm.
B. Seccombe; 1882, Samuel Jennings; 1884, Henry Scott. In

1886, the connection is made with St. George's, One to be sent, to
reside six months at St. George's Bay and six at Bay of Islands;

1887, H. J. Indoe; 1889, J. T. Newman and Agent at Bay of Is
lands; 1892, T. B. Darby and Supply; 1894, J. K. Kelly at St.
George's and R. M. Bickle at Bay of Islands; 1905, S. Halfyard
at Bay of Islands; 1896, W. H. Dotchon at St. George's and S. A.
Chancey (Supply) at Bay of Islands; 1897, united under W. H.
Dotchon; 1899, Edwin Moore; 1901, Supply (F. M.) at Bay of
Islands; then follow 1902, J. W. Bartlett at St. George's and Bay
of Islands with R. L. Rowe; 1903, Peter Bryce; 1906, R. C. Tait;
1908, F. E. Boothroyd; 1910, Harry Royle; 1914, W. W. Cotton;
1916, Wm. J. Morris; 1921, E. Davis, assisted in 1925 by H. Cox.

Deer Lake — On the station sheet of 1924 appears the follow
ing: Deer Island (comprising all points from Howley to Hum-
bermouth, exclusive). Under co-operation with the Presbyteri
ans, supplied by the Presbyterian church; 1925, S. Tiller.

BURIN DISTRICT

Burin — This circuit includes Burin, Great Burin, Stepaside,
Pardy's Island and Path End. Methodism was introduced into
this community by the Rev. J. Lewis in 1817. The first church
was built at Parson's Point and used until 1840 when it was
taken down and erected on the other side of the harbor at Church
Rock. In 1863, during the pastorate of Stephen T. Teed, it was
decided to build a new church and a schooner was sent to Cape
Breton for lumber. It was finished in George Forsey's term, and
used until January 18th, 1904, when it was taken down. The
corner-stone for a new church was laid on August 8th, 1904, by
the Hon. R. K. Bishop, who is a native of the place. Rev. T. B.
Darby, who is another honored native of Burin, read a paper on
the history of Burin and the Methodist Church.

The centenary of Burin's Methodism was duly celebrated in

NEWFOUNDLAND 333

1917. In 1817, John Lewis visited all the settlements now com
prised in, at least, the four circuits of Burin, Epworth, Flat Is
lands, and Sound Island.

Frank Hollett, of North Dakota Conference, entered the
ministry from this circuit. Martha P. Wagg became a mission
ary in western Canada and Hattie Inkpen entered upon Deacon
ess work and became an official of the training school in Toronto.
At least two ministers, J. W. Winsor and Isaac Davis, found their
wives at Burin, in each case a Miss Hollett.

The following is the list of ministers since 1855 : Elias Bret-
tie; 1857, James Dove; 1859, John S. Phinney; 1863, Samuel T.
Teed; 1866, Thomas Harris; 1869, James A. Duke; 1872, George
Forsey; 1875, Joseph Pascoe; 1878, Solomon Matthews; 1881,
Wm. Kendall; 1884, James Nurse; 1887, Thos. W. Atkinson, as
sisted in 1887 and 1888 by J. J. Wheatley and in 1889 by Geo. C.
Carter; 1890, Wm. Swann, assisted by J. Lewis and in 1891 by
W. H. Dotchon; 1893, T. H. James; 1896, H. C. Hatcher; 1899,
J. Reay; 1902, W. H. Browning; 1906, C. Howse; 1909, H. God
frey; 1913, H. G. Coppin; 1917, J. T. Newman; 1921, E. C.
French ; 1925, W. J. Morris.

During the pastorate of W. H. Browning (1902-06) a re
markable revival of religion occurred at Great Burin and Collins
Cove. He was assisted by T. B. Darby, of the Epworth circuit,
and the people came from far and near. Six hundred persons are
reported to have been converted.

Among the local preachers of this circuit were George and
Dan Bishop, Benjamin Hollett, Jacob Street, and Simon Avery.

Epworth — This community, formerly known as Spoon Cove,
with Burin Bay Arm, Lansec'eau, Lewin Cove and Creston, be
came a separate mission in 1894. It was formerly connected with
Burin. A new church was built at Burin Bay Arm in 1924, and
a new church at Creston about 1910. Samuel I. Murley entered
the ministry from this mission.

The following is the list of pastors: 1894, C. Howse; 1895,
R. M. Bickle; 1896, Supply; 1897, H. J. Indoe; 1899, F. R. Mat
thews; 1900, H. C. Bandy; 1901, T. B. Darby; 1902, the name
was changed to Epworth; 1904, Supply; 1905, Archie Wallace;
1907, E. Pugh: 1908, F. G. Philipson; 1909, Supply; 1910, Elijah
Coish; 1911, H. Godfrey; 1912, Supply; 1913, John G. Myers;
1914, B. Mallalieu; 1916, Norman A. Janes; 1918, Jesse Rey-

334 HISTORY OF METHODISM

nolds; 1919, J. C. Hudson; 1920, Arthur M. Boyles; 1922, M. W.
Parsons; 1924, Supply (C. E. Peacock) ; Supply (Awlcroft).

A widespread revival occurred in 1919-20 during the pastor
ate of A. M. Boyles, which extended into Garnish and other cir
cuits. W. F. N. Bugden and George Roberts, esteemed local
preachers, rendered admirable service.

Flat Islands — This mission was formed in 1873 with Thomas
H. James as its first settled pastor. The appointments are Flat
Islands, Hay Cove, Boat Harbor and Baine Harbor. In 1924,
it is still a young man's station under the superintendence of
Burin from which it was taken. This mission, at some time, also
included Oderin, Paradise Sound and Mortier Bay. There is a
good church at Flat Islands built during the pastorate of James
Wilson (1878-80). There is also a parsonage. There is also a
neat church at Hay Cove.

The following is the list of ministers: 1873, T. H. James;
1875 and 1876, Supplied; 1877, John Peters; 1878, James Wilson;
1880, Samuel Snowden; 1883, Supply; 1884, C. Lench; 1885, M.
J. Stevens;- 1886, Supply; 1888, John Pye; 1889, J. C. Sidey;
1890, W. J. Bartlett; 1893, C. Squires; 1894, A. E. Rowson; 1896,
James Smith; 1898, E. Taylor; 1901, C. R. Durrant; 1905, H.
Godfrey; 1909, Geo. E. Steel; 1912, Jas. Wilson; 1916, F. H.
Phillipson; 1919, J. C. Hudson; 1920, J. C. Elliott; 1923, Josiah
Osmond; 1924, James P. Kay; 1925, C. E. Peacock.

Fortune — The first settler of Fortune, John Lake, was a
Methodist and held services in his house, which was soon visited
by the missionary from Grand Bank and made a regular appoint
ment of that circuit. From 1869 to 1872, probationers, assistants
to the Grand Bank minister, resided at Fortune. They were John
G. Currie, Charles Meering, and Charles Myers. For the three
following years, the young man was withdrawn, and then Wil
liam Kendall assisted Mr. Matthews until 1877. In 1877, the
third church, in turn, was completed and opened on November
25th, by Revs. Solomon Matthews and Wm. Kendall. In 1878,
Fortune became a separate station under Jabez Hill. The par
sonage was built during his term and was first occupied by his
successor, Robt. W. Freeman, in 1880. He was followed in 1883
by Samuel Snowden under whom there was a great revival which
added many to the church. In his second year, on account of ill
ness, he visited England, and Charles Lench supplied for him for

NEWFOUNDLAND 335

six months. The new school and hall for Sunday School and
week-night services was erected in 1889-90 during the term of
James Wilson and was completed in the time of his successor,
J. T. Newman, in 1892. During the term of William Swann
(1906-10), the building of a beautiful new church was well ad
vanced. It was finished in the term of his successor, C. R.
Blount, and dedicated on Thursday, March 9th, 1911. Rev. E.
Moore preached in the morning. In the afternoon a platform
meeting was held with A. W. Lake as Chairman, the speakers
being Dr. McDonald, G. A. Buffett, S. Harris, Revs. E. Moore
and C. R. Blount. A memorial window in honor of Mrs. (Rev.)
William Swann was placed in this new church.

Fortune Methodism suffered some from the invasion of the
Salvation Army and from emigration but its liberal supporters
have continued to well sustain the work. George Purchase, of
the Toronto Conference, and Frank S. Hewitt entered the minis
try from this circuit.

The names of Lake, Bennett, Collier, Elford, Burton, Tuck,
Wetherill, Spencer and King are frequently mentioned amongst
the Christian workers of this circuit. The name of James Had-
don will long be cherished in the memories of the people. He
filled the position of school teacher from 1869 to 1913, the unique
period of forty-four years. He was also the inspiring leader of
the music of the church for an equal number of years. He in
troduced the organ and played it for many years.

An excellent new parsonage was built in 1922.

The following is the list of ministers since 1877: 1878, Jabez
Hill; 1880, R. W. Freeman; 1883, S. Snowden; 1886, F. G. Wil-
ley; 1889, J. Wilson; 1893, Geo. Paine; 1895, John Pratt; 1898,
J. Smith; 1901, J. J. Wheatley; 1904, T. B. Darby; 1906, W.
Swann; 1910, C. R. Blount; 1914, J. Pincock; 1917, Allan S.
Adams; 1921, Arminius Young; 1925, Wm. Reid.

Grand Bank — For fifty years the Methodist pioneers confin
ed their labors to Conception and Trinity Bays and no Wesleyan
missionary had worked south of St. John's previous to 1816.
News of the spiritual destitution of Placentia and Fortune Bays
and the Western Coast led the assembled missionaries about
Conception Bay to adopt the following resolution: "That this
meeting having heard that there are 5,000 inhabitants in Fortune
Bay, nearly all Protestants, who are now and ever have been
without a preacher of any denomination, it is the wish of the

HISTORY OF METHODISM

meeting that a missionary should be sent there in the ensuing
Spring."

In response to this and other appeals six young men were
sent out from England, that year, to reinforce the missionary
staff in Newfoundland. One of these men, Richard Knight, was
appointed to Fortune Bay and reached Grand Bank, his head
quarters, late in 1816. On the fly-leaf of the first church register
is the following: "This record book was opened by Mr. Ambrose
Forward, December, 1816, and is set apart for christenings, mar
riages, and burials, for the use of Grand Bank, and everything
relating to the place of worship now erecting, in aid of which the
following subscriptions have been received." Mr. Forward would
appear to have been the first recording steward.

The Fortune Bay mission, in the early days, was very ex
tended, embracing all available points from Lamaline to Port aux
Basques, and Fortune and Hermitage Bay. The reports of the
early missionaries are full of records of heroic endeavors, in spite
of great difficulty and danger, to carry the Gospel to these long-
neglected communities.

The people of Grand Bank were accustomed to speak of Mr.
Knight as 'The light bringer." He had a good work of grace and
gathered many souls into the church, a substantial nucleus of
greater things to come. Classes were formed at both Grand Bank
and Fortune. The first church was completed in 1817. He was
followed by John Haigh (1818-20). He married a Miss Parsons
of Freshwater, whose mother was a convert of Laurence Cough-
Ian. Then came John Oliver (1820-22). Thomas Hickson
(1822-23), William Wilson (1823-25), George Ellidge (1825-26),
Simeon Noall (1826-28), Adam Nightingale (1828-30), Richard
Shepherd (1830-32), Thomas Angwin (1832-34), Ingham Sut-
cliffe (1834-36), John S. Addy (1836-37), James G. Hennigar,
(1837-38), Samuel W. Sprague (1838-40), William Marshall
(1840-41) whose name is still as 'ointment poured forth' in Grand
Bank, Jabez Ingham (1841-42), John S. Peach (1842-44) who
married a daughter of William Evans, Grand Bank, Adam
Nightingale (1844-48). This was his second term and he was
the first to remain four years on the circuit, twice the length of
any predecessor. During his term the second church was erected
and opened in 1846. The first church was turned into a Day
School and also used for Sunday School and social services. The
first parsonage was built during Mr. Nightingale's term. He did
much to strengthen the work so well begun.

NEWFOUNDLAND 33f

To Thomas Fox (1848-51) was given the honor of witness
ing the greatest revival ever known on the Grand Bank circuit,
Elias Brettle (1851-54); John S. Peach (1854-57, second term),
Thomas Gaetz (1857-60), who carried a flaming evangel and
lightened many into the Kingdom in his brief but effective min
istry; John Winterbotham (1860-63), John S. Phinney (1863-
66) . He was a hard worker. The circuit became fully independent,
and other places in the Bay being cared for the Grand Bank min
isters now confined their labors to Grand Bank and Fortune;
Stephen T. Teed (1866-69), John Goodison (1869-72), assisted
by Charles Mearing in 1869, John G. Currie in 1870 and Charles
Myers in 1871, James A. Duke (1872-74), Charles Pickles (1874-
75), Solomon Matthews (1875-78), assisted by Wm. Kendall.
During his term the third and present splendid church was erect
ed on land donated by Mr. Hickman. It was opened on Oct. 4th,
1876, the preacher being the Rev. Dr. Milligan. The second par
sonage was also built in Mr. Matthews' term. He led many into
the kingdom and a large number of young men into the minis
try.

He was followed by Thomas Harris (1878-81) a highly re
vered name, James Nurse (1881-84), a man eager for knowledge
and possessed of a keen intellect, to whom was granted a great
revival, T. H. James (1884-87), a tireless toiler, William Swann
(1887-90), who long held an influential place among his brethren
as a wise connexional man. During his term a fine Day School
building was erected at a cost of $3,000 and paid for. George J.
Bond (1890-91), preacher, editor, writer, traveller, a native of
St. John's, to which he has done honor followed Mr. Swann. He
had towers and steeples erected on the Grand Bank Church, in
one of which Messrs. G. A. Buffett and Samuel Harris placed a
clock visible throughout the community. Then came Levi Cur
tis (1891-94) , another honored son of the Colony, for many years
Superintendent of Methodist Schools in the Island. He made an
alteration in the Church, adding a choir loft and installing a new
pipe organ. The Saintly Geo. C. Frazer followed and "Frazer
Hall" commemorates the high esteem in which his memory is
held; James Nurse (1897-1900) second term; John Pratt, (1900-
04,) a strong preacher, who carried on a vigorous ministry at
Grand Bank notwithstanding he was in ill health during most of
his term, passing away in 1904. Then came another honored
son of the Island, John W. Bartlett (1904-08) a native of Brigus.
The worthy successors have been as follows: 1908, Edwin Moore;

338 HISTORY OF METHODISM

1912, Charles Lench; 1916, Wm. Grimes; 1920, C. Howse; 1924,
Ira F. Curtis.

The Newfoundland Conference has met four times at Grand
Bank— in 1892, 1907, 1916, and 1922.

Garnish — The name of Fortune Bay first appears as the
head of a mission in 1866, but it has a Methodist history reach
ing back much farther. In the report of Rev. J. S. Addy of
Grand Bank, for 1836, he says: "On the 24th (July), I walked
to Garnish where I preached in the evening and baptized two
children. On the 25th, I preached three times to attentive con
gregations. There were about forty adults at Garnish." This
place had not been visited by a minister for three years. In 1839,
S. W. Sprague visited Garnish. Afterwards for some years it was
not visited. Later some attention was given to it from Burin. In
1884, Rev. C. Lench went to Garnish and tarried several days
preaching in the Orange hall. "The District, hearing my report,
instructed me to pay them a quarterly visit the following year.
The people were eager for the word and overcrowded the meeting
place." In 1885, the people of Grand Bank made an offer to
help support a young minister at Garnish if one should be sent
there. This was done in 1866 and the mission was formed with
Garnish, Grand Beach and Frenchman's Cove as appointments.
A fine new church was dedicated in 1907 during the pastorate of
Solomon Hann, and an excellent two storied school and hall was
erected in 1911, and a new organ purchased. This cause made
rapid progress after its permanent organization. Revs. Samuel
Baggs and Eli Anthony found their wives at Garnish, the bride,
in each case, being a Miss Lorenzon.

The list of pastors is as follows: 1886, One to be sent; 1887,
W. J. Bartlett; 1888, John Lewis; 1890, W. Seeley; 1893, C. W.
Follett; 1895, R. K. Peck, name changed to Garnish and Jersey
Harbor; 1896, James Opie; 1897, C. R. Durrant; 1898, Geo.
Stoney; 1899, Supply; 1904, W. A. Harrison; 1905, Solomon
Hann; 1908, J. F. Bishop; 1909. Ananias Mercer; 1910, W. H.
Norman; 1911, Eli Anthony; 1913, Supply; 1914, J. H. Way;
1915, Wm. S. Howell; 1917, Supply (W. Reid); 1918, Supply
(Arthur Blundon) ; 1919, Herbert Moores; 1920, Hayward Mar
tin; 1921, Ben.]. Bowering; 1923, Chas. L. Mitchell; 1924, J. Os
mond; 1925, (M.Williams).

James H. Grandy is a useful lay reader at Garnish. There
is no parsonage on this mission.

NEWFOUNDLAND 339

Burgeo — From 1839 to .41, William Marshall was appointed
a "visiting missionary" to the Western Shore, with his head
quarters at Hermitage Bay. Fifty-two coves and harbors were
visited some of which had never seen a minister before. On one
occasion he spent sixteen days at Burgeo among an "affectionate
people" and opened a Sunday School with thirty-four scholars.
In 1842, he was succeeded by John S. Peach, who at the end of a
year was withdrawn, to have no successor until after the forma
tion of the Eastern British American Conference in 1855. Burgeo
was connected with Fortune until 1880, when it became a separ
ate mission under Charles Myers. The first Methodist Church
was built in 1882 during the pastorate of Henry Abraham, which
was followed by a great revival resulting in many being added
to the membership of the Church. A beautiful new church was
dedicated in May, 1924, at a cost of $3,650, during the pastorate
of H. R. Bursey, the special preacher being Rev. Mark Fenwick,
D.D. The people are both loyal and liberal. The appointments
are Burgeo, Romeo and Otter's Point, the latter being twenty-
five miles distant from Burgeo. Christopher Curtis, brother of
Revs. Dr. Levi and John K. Curtis, spent twenty-eight years as
local teacher and preacher at Burgeo, accomplishing a most use
ful work. Samuel I. Murley entered the ministry from this cir
cuit.

The following is the list of pastors: — 1880, Charles Myers;
1881, Supply; 1882, Henry Abraham; 1883, Samuel Reid, 1885,
J. B. J. Smith; 1887, W. H. Adams; 1888, An Agent (C. C.) ;
1915, Charles A. Adey; 1917, Samuel I. Murley; 1919, A. M.
Boyles; 1920, Supply (B. Bowering) ; 1921, Supply (E. Howse) ;
1922, E. Howse; 1923, Supply (W. G. Jones) ; 1924, Charles L.
Mitchell; 1925, W. March.

Petites and Grand Bruit — These communities were visited
as early as 1840 by William Marshall. Father Fox also pros
pected the whole western shore. More or less attention was re
ceived from Grand Bank. Classes were formed and interest in
creased until, in 1859, the circuit name Petites and Western Shore
appeared in the Minutes with "To be Supplied." In 1860, Joseph
Gaetz, just received on probation, was sent there and, at the end
of the year, reported thirty members with four on probation.

This mission includes Petites, Grand Bruit, Western Point,
La Plant, La Poile, Bay de Nord, and Bay d' Est. Widespread re-

340 HISTORY OF METHODISM

vivals were reported during the pastorate of Messrs. Frazer,
Freeman, and Newman.

In John Reay's term, 1868-69, his nearest ministerial neigh
bor east was at Grand Bank 120 miles away and there was none*
on the north-west. Channel was visited once a quarter. On the
east side of La Poile Bay there was no minister of any denomina
tion until the time of Joseph Pascoe in 1865. During the pas
torate of Mr. Gaetz, with the support of Mr. Sorsoliel, a Jersey
merchant, a church was built but so large as to cause a heavy
debt and much division. Joseph Pike was a lay reader at Petites,
John Hayward at Garia, and William Stone, a fine old English
man, at West Point. The most of the people of Garia moved
away to Anticosti.

The following is the list of pastors: 1860, Joseph Gaetz;
1861, Charles Ladner; 1863, John M. Pike; 1865, Joseph Pascoe;
1868, John Reay; from 1870 to 1873, inclusive, Petites appears
to have been supplied from Port aux Basque, which had two men,
the juniors being G .W. Willey, J. G. Currie, and Jeremiah Em-
bree; 1874, Solomon Matthews; 1875, Joseph Parkins; 1878,
James Pincock; 1881, J. P. Bowell; 1883, One to be sent; 1884,
G. C. Frazer; 1885, C. Lench; 1886, H. Scott; 1888, W. H.
Browning; 1889, James Smith; 1890, A. C. Skinner; 1891, Sup
ply; 1893, E. Forsey; 1895, C. Howse; 1896, S. Halfyard; 1898,
H. J. Creasy; 1900, Supply; 1901, R. L. Rowe; 1902, H. Godfrey;
1903, E. P. Ward; 1904, Supply; 1909, J. F. Bishop; 1910, Sup
ply; 1911, W. R. Seeley; 1912, Elijah Mercer; 1913, J. G. Joyce;
1914, C. A. Adey; this circuit does not appear in the Station
Sheet of 1915 but reappears in 1916 with S. I. Murley ; 1917, John
C. Hudson; 1919. A. E. Blundon; 1921, Roger W. Gough; 1922,
Supply; 1925, J. Burden.

Channel and St. Georges — Channel first appears on the
Minutes in 1861 with Joseph Gaetz as pastor; 1862, Thomas D.
Hart; 1864, Isaac Howie; 1866—69, Supplied from Petites; 1870,
included in Port aux Basques, J. Reay and F. G. Willey; 1871,
F. G. Willey; 1872, C. Pickels: 1874, James Nurse; 1876, Jabez
Hill; 1877, Geo. P. Story; 1879, Jesse Heyfield; 1882, W. R.
Tratt; 1884, W. H. Edyvean; 1887, C. Lench; 1890, A. Mc-
Causland; 1891, J. J. Wheatley; 1893, J. T. Newman; 1896, J. E
Peters; 1900, Supply; 1901, H. Miller; 1902, Supply: 1903, J.
R. Saint; 1906, Wm. Grimes; 1907, F. E. Boothroyd; 1908, C. R.
Blount; 1910, J. T. Begarie; 1911, W. J. Wilson; 1912, Ed. Tay-

NEWFOUNDLAND 341

lor; 1915, Geo. L. Mercer; 1918, S. Williams; 1920, B. Mallalieu;
1924, Uriah Laite; 1925, R. M. Baggs.

The appointments on this circuit are Channel, St. George's,
Boswarlis, Heatherton and Port aux Basques.

The boundaries of the missions in this region were frequent
ly changed and St. George's was sometimes connected with Bay
of Islands. A good Church was built at Boswarlis during the
term of E. Broughton at St. George's (1906-09). A new church
was dedicated at Channel on May 21st, 1899, J. E. Peters being
the pastor. A Bible was presented to the church by Mrs. Henry
Knight. It contained the following inscription: "Presented by
the Bishop of Newfoundland to Mr. Henry Knight in acknow
ledgment of his kind and valuable services in rescuing the New
foundland Church ship from a reef of rocks off Ward's Harbor
on 3rd of September, 1857." A new parsonage was erected at
Channel in 1906. The founder of Methodism in Boswarlis was
Capt. Andrew Harvey, a Welshman, who came there as mine
manager for the old Steel Co. He gave the place its name. Rich
ard Hooper was Sunday School Superintendent there for years.

At St. George's, Samuel Butt was a very able local preacher
and Alex. Hudson, once a probationer for the ministry, also con
ducted services. George Butt was a lay reader at Heatherton.
Mr. Evans was a lay reader at Port aux Basques.

St. George's Bay appeared on the Minutes in 1884 with Wm.
Rex pastor followed 1^ 1?8~>. W. H. Browning; 1886, Supply;
1888, H. J. Indoe, with Bay of Islands added; 1889, J. T. New
man; 1892, T. B. Darby; 1894, separate from Bay of Islands, J.
K. Kelley; 1896, W. H. Dotchon (connected with B. of I. in
1897) ; 1899, Edwin Moore; 1902, J. W. Bartlett and R. L. Rowe;
1903, separate again, W. Hollingsworth ; 1904, Supply; 1906, E.
Broughton; 1910, W. Swann; 1913, Edgar Mercer; 1915, Hubert
Wells; 1916, Jesse Reynolds; 1917, Geo. Patten; 1920, added to
Channel.

St.Pierre — In the year 1873 it was thought desirable to or
ganize a mission among the Protestants living on St. Pierre and
Miquelon, and Joseph Parkins, who had come from England to
teach in the Methodist College, St. John's, and who spoke French
was induced to leave the college to engage in this work. A build
ing was fitted up as a temporary church and the services were
largely attended by all denominations of Protestants. A Sunday
School was organized which was attended by nearly all the Pro-

342 HISTORY OF METHODISM

testant children in the place. In 1874, the same minister was re-
appointed, but he was soon informed by the committee controll
ing the building, used for worship, that the Episcopaleans, the
most numerous section of the Protestant inhabitants, would re
quire the room for services to be conducted by an Episcopal min
ister, obtained through the bishop of Newfoundland. "As no
suitable room was available for Methodist services, the New
foundland Conference, after much deliberation and some criti
cism respecting the good faith of certain individuals, decided to
suspend operations for the time being in a place in which they
nevertheless felt that an important work remained to be done."
A sum of money, amounting to some fourteen hundred dollars,
had been collected in St. John's towards the erection of a church
at St. Pierre, and this money is still held in trust subject to the
call of the Conference. Mr. Parkins took work in Newfoundland
for several years. He had a considerable knowledge of medicine
and was able to alleviate much suffering in some of the outposts,
for which he received the gratitude of all classes of the people.
One applicant for help told him "I've suffered bey ant. I've had
nine charms, three mustard plaisters and a blister. I've suffered
beyant."

LABRADOR

Moravian missionaries found their way to Labrador in 1770
and established several stations along the northern shore. South
of them, between Hopedale and the Straits of Belle Isle, lay a
coast-line of -three hundred miles, along which the Eskimo roam
ed in savage wildness. The Wesleyan Missionary Committee
had, for some time, contemplated a mission to these people living
south of the Moravian field of work. In 1820, Adam Clarke
Avard, a devoted and talented young minister, then stationed at
Fredericton, N. B., was directed to proceed, in 1821, to com
mence the mission, but before the time came for his mission, his
short but useful earthly career had ended. The commencement
of the work was then entrusted to the Newfoundland District
but, because of scarcity of men, nothing was done for three years.
At length, Thomas Hickson, about to return to England, went
to the coast for a few weeks, accompanied by a special pilot. His
observations convinced him that missionary effort was not more
needed for the 'poor, benighted Esquimaux,' than among the half-

NEWFOUNDLAND 343

breeds, and Europeans, leading dissolute lives along that shore.
He reported that there were many opportunities for usefulness
amongst the people. In 1825, Richard Knight spent some sum
mer weeks in the same district and was as firmly convinced as
Hickson that a permanent Labrador mission should be immedi
ately undertaken. George Ellidge was chosen, against his in
clination, for this post, but during the following year he return
ed with a discouraging report and advised the relinquishment of
the mission. William Wilson and his wife, then at Burin, vol
unteered to go and reside on the Labrador, and his appointment
was made in 1828, but meanwhile Charles Bate had been sent
on a summer tour and on his return brought a report similar to
that of Mr. Ellidge advising the abandonment of the mission. In
the missionary report, of 1829, the statement appears: "The
Labrador mission is for the present abandoned, principally in
consequence of the removal of the Esquimaux tribes from the
coast into the interior of the country, and their general disper
sion."

In 1844, the Labrador was visited by the minister from Har
bor Grace, and by J. S. Addy of Brigus in 1845. Then, for many
years, no missionary spent a summer on the Labrador. Mean
while the white population and half-breeds increased and in 1858,
Rev. John S. Peach spent several weeks on the coast, and he was
followed in 1859 by Charles Comben, in .60 and .61 by Thomas
Fox, in .62 and .63 by John Goodison, in .64 and .65 by John S.
Allen, .66 by Joseph Todhunter, in .67 by Thomas Allen, in .68
and .69 by George Forsey, and .70 by Isaac Howie; in .71 and .72
by Joseph Hale, in .73 and .74 by John G. Currie, in .75 and .76
by George Paine. In 1878, encouraged by a promise of $300 per
year from the Methodist Sunday-School committee in St. John's
towards the support of a married minister, the Conference sent
John P. Bowell to Red Bay, where a Church had been built in
1862. He remained three years and travelled for hundreds of
miles along this bleak coast, in the summer by means of boat,
and in winter by dog-team and on snow-shoes. He was follow
ed by a long succession of brave and hardy men who despised
not the humble work committed to them and who won many in
to the Kingdom. These were 1881, H. C. Hatcher; 1884, J. Wil
son; 1886, T. W. Wilson; 1888, Mark Fenwick; 1890, J. C.
Sidey; 1893, A. N. Antle; 1894, A. S. Stoney; 1897, Geo. Ston-
ey; 1898, Wm. Patterson; 1900, J. Saint; 1901, S. A. Chancey;
1902, R. W. Bell; 1904, Wm. Grimes; 1906, A. G. Young; 1907,

344 HISTORY O'F METHODISM

Supply; 1908, W. C. Mercer; 1909, J. W. Noseworthy; 1910,
Isaac French; 1911, A. J. Waterman; 1912, A. S. Adams; 1913,
Supply; 1914, G. S. Curtis.

This mission extends from Blanc Sablon to Green Bay in
the north. There are only two appointments of any size — Red
Bay and Forteau. All the others have dwindled from never more
than eight or ten to one or two families. There is a church and
school at Red Bay. Robert Moores has been for more than thir
ty years Sunday School Superintendent and lay leader, assisted
by J. T. Pike and Allan Moores. There are about thirty Metho
dist families. At Forteau there is also a church and school and
about twenty families. Charles Harris has been the Sunday
School superintendent for many years; Arthur Bell has also been
a useful lay worker.

Hamilton Inlet — In 1884, the Conference asked for a volun
teer for Hamilton Inlet, much farther north than Red Bay, and
John T. Newman, a consecrated young minister, just one year out
from England, responded and for two years did splendid work,
laying good foundations for his successors and winning many
souls into the kingdom.

What Arminius Young, one of his successors, wrote of Mr.
Newman will apply to others of the heroic men, who have braved
the rigors of that semi-arctic climate and the desolation of the
country. He says: "Cast on the desolate shore, with no friend,
no home, no church, among those swarthy half-breeds and Eski
mos, to eat their food, live in their log huts, sleep on the floors
in a seal-skin bag, travel a thousand miles by Komatik and foot
during the cold and stormy winter, to receive no word from
home from October till July, was the prospect which presented
itself to this devoted missionary as he entered upon his work in
Labrador and from which he did not shrink. He was succeeded,
in 1886, by W. J. Stevens whose health so failed that he could
only remain one year. Next went Albert A. Holmes, a hardy
Newfoundlander, who remained two years. A mission house was
secured at Lester's Point which was made his headquarters. Here
he erected a neat little church. He encountered many hardships
and on one occasion nearly lost his life. While crossing a bay in
company with a half-breed, they encountered ice through which
they could not row and were carried out to sea but succeeded in
reaching an uninhabited island seven miles from shore, which
afforded but little shelter from the cold of a Labrador winter's

NEWFOUNDLAND 345

night. In the morning, seeing open water, they attempted to
reach the mainland but failed after drifting helplessly for twen
ty-five miles or more. At dusk, when the wind abated they were
fifteen miles from Cape Porcupine. They spent the night in the
boat and in the morning they found the ice of the one cold night
just sufficient to hold them, and, leaving their boat, and fasten
ing a rope to each other in case either went through the ice they
started on their long and perilous journey. As the ice was too
weak to walk on they had to crawl practically the whole dis
tance. It was a terrible experience. "At 4 p. m., weary and stiff
they reached Cape Porcupine. When they landed they had only
three biscuits in their pockets. Almost immediately a gust of
wind from the north carried all the ice off. How providential
their escape seemed! In the hospitable home of Mr. James
Davis they found shelter for the night." The dogs, which at
tempted to follow their heroic masters, fell through the ice and
were drowned.

The next missionary was Jabez Moore (.89-.91) who after
wards went to the United States and became a presiding elder
of influence in North Dakota. He was followed by Selby Jeffer
son, a quiet, scholarly man, who afterwards, in Nova Scotia, Ber
muda, and Ontario made for himself a record of much useful
ness. He was followed, by Frank S. Hollett, who after one year
married, and remained six years on the mission, greatly assisted
by his wife in accomplishing much good. In 1899, they return
ed to Newfoundland and were succeeded by John J. Sparks who
remained three years and was followed by Isaac French, who was
contemplating entering the ministry and who remained till 1903,
followed by Arminius Young, who has written an interesting
booklet entitled "A Methodist Missionary in Labrador." He
had his share of adventure and hardship and tells the story well.
He was succeeded by Ezra Broughton, of heroic mould, and since
President of his Conference. Sandwich now appears as an ap
pointment. Broughton was followed by J. W. Guy in 1906,
Thomas S. Alty in 1908, in 1909, W. H. Webber, and F. H. Pur
chase; 1911, R. F. Mercer and F. G. Weir; 1912, W. S. Mercer
and George B. Patten.

346 HISTORY OF METHODISM

NEWFOUNDLAND EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

The educational system of Newfoundland is denominational.
Each communion has its own Board of Education and a Super
intendent of its schools, the latter being appointed by the Gov
ernment on recommendation of the denomination to which he be
longs. Besides this, there is a Council of Higher Education whose
function is to promote the higher attainment of students and to
stimulate a healthy rivalry among the schools by a competitive
system of examinations and by the offering of scholarships, priz
es, and grades to successful students. The examination papers
are prepared in England and the papers written are sent to Eng
land for marking. Thus common standards and impartial awards
admit of no unfairness. The yearly exams, are events of great
interest especially among the students of the three colleges — Ro
man Catholic, Anglican and Methodist.

In some respects this system has worked well, but in small
er communities, where each denomination in them has a separate
school it is impossible to have any kind of a satisfactory grad
ed school. However, there does not appear to be any prospect of
closer co-operation among the three chief denominations, al
though efforts are being made to accomplish this in connection
with the first two years of university education.

From the beginning Methodism has earnestly devoted her
self to the education of her children and in many places first er
ected school chapels, buildings which were used for day schools,
Sunday Schools and the preaching services, but erecting separate
buildings as soon as financial conditions would permit. This
system entails much responsibility upon the ministers, but also
affords them opportunity for impressing great moral lessons upon
the pupils through sympathetic and cordial co-operation with the
teachers.

The Methodist Church has been most fortunate in the char
acter and ability of the men who have superintended its schools
during the past fifty years, in the persons of Rev. George S. Mil-
ligan, M. A., LL.D., and Rev. Levi Curtis, M. A., D.D. Dr. Mil-
ligan was an able scholar, a persuasive evangelist, a courteous
Christian gentleman and a wise administrator. For the long per
iod of twenty five years he directed the educational activities oi
his Church with such efficiency and wisdom as to commend him
self and his work to the high approval of the Government and the
fullest confidence and esteem of his Church, which on four oc-

NEWFOUNDLAND 347

casions elected him as President of its Annual Conference. He
retired at the Conference of 1899 and in the night of Jan'y 22nd,
1902, he suddenly passed to his reward, in the 73rd year of his
age and the 48th of his ministry, highly esteemed and greatly
lamented.

Rev. Levi Curtis, B.A., a native of Newfoundland, an honor
graduate of Mount Allison, an able preacher and administrator,
afterwards honored with the degrees of M. A. and D.D., suc
ceeded Dr. Milligan in 1899, and has continued till the present
(1925) the responsible duties of Superintendent of Education to
the great credit of himself and the satisfaction of all concerned.

We should have earlier said that the denominational schools
of Newfoundland receive government grants according to the
number of adherents belonging to each denomination as deter
mined by the census.

For reference to Methodist College work in Newfoundland
the reader is directed to notes on St. John's, as found in this
volume.

348 HISTORY OF METHODISM

CHAPTER V

BERMUDA

The introduction of Methodism to Bermuda was attended
with both romance and tragedy. Dr. Coke, the first and noted
superintendent of Methodist foreign missionary work, took a
great interest in the West Indies and early sought an opportun
ity for entrance to Bermuda, having learned of the serious lack
of religious life amongst its people and also of the pitiable condi
tion of the African slaves on the islands. It is noticeable that
Whitefield, the famous preacher, who was for a time intimately
associated with Wesley, during an extended stay in the United
States, made a visit to Bermuda in 1848 remaining there for ten
or twelve weeks and creating much interest by his eloquent
preaching, but leaving no permanent spiritual impression upon
the people. It is also of interest to note that Duncan McColl,
who afterwards became the apostle of Methodism at St. Stephen,
made an unintended visit to Bermuda and spent a winter there.
A sailing vessel, in which he and about three hundred others had
taken passage, in December, 1783, from New York for Halifax,
was caught in a violent storm which drove her far out of her
course and caused her to seek refuge, in a damaged condition, at
St. George's, Bermuda, and obliged her to remain there for the
winter. McColl, who had previously been converted, held his
peace for sometime, but after conversation with several Meth
odists among the passengers, he resolved, in February, to speak
publicly on spiritual matters to the ship's company and others
who might listen. That he was interested in other affairs of the
heart is evident from the fact that, during that winter, he met the
lady who afterwards became his wife. Subsequent to McColl's
visit, Captain Travise, a zealous Methodist of Baltimore, called
at the islands several times, and used every opportunity of visit
ing from house to house, and holding meetings for prayer and
exhortation. The efforts of the zealous captain met with the
approbation of many, who in attendance at his meetings found
a blessing.

Dr. Coke did not forget Bermuda and, in 1799, he was
gladdened by the volunteer offer of John Stephenson for mis
sionary work among those islands. Stephenson was an experienc
ed preacher, aged about fifty years, and had been in ministerial

BERMUDA 349

service for ten years in Ireland. Arriving in Bermuda in May,
to his surprise, he was given a very hostile reception. He was
an Irishman and there had been recent rebellion in Ireland; he
was a Methodist and Wesley and his followers were denouncers
of slavery, so the Bermudians said "He is an Irishman, a rebel,
and a Methodist; and will put all kinds of evil into the minds
of the blacks" and they resented his interference. Besides this,
the early settlers were Anglicans, who with pharisaic intolerance,
as in every other Colony, persecuted all preachers of the Gospel
who could not claim Anglican ordination. The early Anglican
colonists of Bermuda took Episcopal Chaplains with them and,
soon after their arrival, they drew up and subscribed an agree
ment, by which they bound themselves to stand in defence of the
Church of England, against 'all Heretikes and Sectaries what
soever, dissenting from the said word and faith.' So when Steph-
enson began to preach and his hearers increased, and some white
sinners were converted, and he shook hands with blacks and told
them they also could be saved he was persecuted, for had he not
even preached in the house of a mulatto.

A bill was hastily submitted to the House "to prevent persons
pretending, or having pretended, to be ministers of the Gospel,
or missionaries from any religious societies whatever, and not
invested with holy orders, according to the rites and ceremonies
of the Church of England, or that of Scotland, from acting as
preachers."

By this act, which was expeditiously passed, it was enacted
that 'no person, not regularly invested with holy orders accord
ing to the rites of the Church of England, or the Church of Scot
land, should be allowed to preach in these islands, any doctrine
of the gospel, by writing or printing, or by speaking to, teaching
or in any wise lecturing to, or exhorting any public or collected
audience whatever? The penalties attached to any violation of
the law were very severe; consisting of a fine of fifty pounds,
and imprisonment for six months without bail or deliverance. It
was, at the same time, enacted that any person opening his dwell
ing for any service prohibited by this law should be subject to the
same penalty. Mr. Stephenson, like the apostles, felt that he
must obey God rather than man, and two of his people, Mr. Cam
eron and Mr. Pallas, opening their houses for him, he preached
both morning and evening on the following Sunday. He was ar
rested, condemned, and imprisoned at St. George's. Many of the
better thinking people of the colony were ashamed of this high-

350 HISTORY OF METHODISM

handed injustice and disgrace brought upon the colony and the
grand jury, at its next gathering, presented the Act as a viola
tion of the rights of the subject, and five hundred signatures of
respectable parties were in a short time appended to a petition to
be forwarded to England, asking its disallowance. Meanwhile,
the unworthy Governor seems to have had some uneasy momenta
over the matter for, five weeks after the commencement of the
imprisonment, he sent a message to Stephenson, offering him his
freedom on condition of his departure from the islands within
sixty days, but he refused liberty on such conditions and he con
tinued in prison until the full term expired on June 6th, 1801.
For many years, visitors could read, on the cedar floor of the
room, an inscription cut by the prisoner: —

John Stephenson,

Methodist Missionary,
Was imprisoned in this jail six months,

and fined fifty pounds,
For preaching the Gospel of Jesus Christ to African

blacks and Captive negroes,
St. George's Bermuda,

June, 1801.

Broken in health by the trials and confinement through
which he had passed and finding little opportunity for Christian
work he was recalled by the Missionary Committee and early in
1802 he returned to Ireland. He was appointed to a circuit but
the shock to his constitution had been too severe for recovery and
he was obliged to retire from the active work of the ministry
at the end of one year.

Dr. Coke had no notion of neglecting Bermuda nor of allow
ing the enemies of righteousness to prevent the preaching of the
gospel to the negroes of the colony or any others who might wish
to receive it. He was heartened in his purpose by learning that one
of the very men who had helped to draw up the infamous Act
which had imprisoned Stephenson had himself come under Meth
odist influence while on a visit to England and had been "born
from above." On returning home, he at once set about breaking
the very law he had helped to frame, by holding religious ser
vices in his own house. Some of those who took advantage of
these quiet gatherings became the backbone of Bermudian
Methodism. Coke tried to prevail on several men to go to Ber
muda but without success and, at length, he fixed his mind on
William Black as the one eminently fitted to grapple with the

BERMUDA 351

situation and securing his consent Black's name appeared in con
nection with Bermuda in the Minutes of 1804, but he failed to
reach the islands. Smith's History says: "He proceeded to Bos
ton, and thence to New York. At the latter place he engaged
his passage and took his trunk aboard a vessel bound for his
destination, but several Bermudians, who had been associated
with the persecutors of Stephenson, refused to proceed in the
vessel if he were permitted to go.' The captain yielded to their
solicitations, and sent the missionary's trunk on shore. No other
opportunity having offered, Black consulted with the ministers
in New York, and in August, 1804, returned to Halifax." In
1806, Coke again urged Black to go to Bermuda and he consent
ed but the ministers of the Nova Scotia District were so convin
ced of the necessity of Black remaining in the Lower Provinces
that they petitioned the Missionary Committee for his retention
and their plea prevailed so that the second attempt to secure
Black for service in Bermuda failed.

At this crisis, a most fitting evangelist for Bermuda was
found in the person of Joshua Marsden, then stationed in St.
John, N. B., laboring there with much zeal and success in his
ministry. His health had became impaired through exposure
and he had expressed a desire to return to England but signified
that if no other missionary could be found for the Somers Islands
he was willing to go. In November, 1807, he received word from
the authorities of the British Conference of his appointment to
Bermuda and early in April, 1808, he and his wife set sail in a
schooner bound to the Bahamas, the captain having agreed to
call at Bermuda to land them. Arriving at St. George's he re
ceived a cold and even hostile reception so that he was almost
prevented landing. The angered captain urged Marsden to re
main on the schooner, offering him passage to the Bahamas and
return, and exclaining: "They are not worth a Missionary; let
them die in their sins." But Marsden was not such as are easily
discouraged and making his way to the Governor, a man of fin
er stamp than the persecutor of Stephenson, he presented his cre
dentials accompanied with a letter from Colonel Bayard, of Nova
Scotia, who was a friend of the Governor, and received an assur
ance that he would not be molested and "with the liberty to
preach," provided he could get any place to preach in, and any
congregation to preach to. After much difficulty two rooms were
secured, which had been occupied by a military officer now order
ed to Halifax, from Daniel Melliroy, a free man of color, and the

352 HISTORY OF METHODISM

following Sunday morning Marsden entered on his crusade for
Christ, preaching in these rooms to ten persons, four of whom
were of the schooner's crew, four or five of the freed-man's fam
ily, and one the preacher's wife.

At first the little company which Marsden gathered around
him were called, in derision, the "Negro Club", and the "Negro
Preacher" was the name given him in some such spirit as the
name Nazarene was given to the first Preacher of that Galilean
Gospel which is Good Tidings to the poor. With wisdom, tact,
and zeal, Marsden kept on his way until the better-thinking
white people began to notice and appreciate his work, until his
services were thronged with earnest hearers of the Gospel which
is needed as much by white, as by poor black, sinners. Soon in
vitations to hold services came from all parts of the Islands. With
wise foresight, he decided to make the growing new town of
Hamilton the strategic centre of his work, and he hired a long
room over some stores to preach in. Soon the place was full to
overflowing, and Marsden conceived the audacious project of
building a chapel in the very centre of the recent persecution of
his predecessor. He drew up a form of subscription and, with a
friend, went from house to house with a canvass for funds and,
in a few days, to his amazement he attained nearly six hundred
dollars. "Greatly encouraged, he went further, approaching the
Mayor of the very town which had only a few years before ban
ished Stephenson, and asking of the Corporation a site. This, too,
was given, and an adjoining site for a parsonage was offered at
a merely nominal figure." "Would you think," he joyously wrote
a Nova Scotia friend, "that some of the same magistrates who
sent Stephenson to prison for preaching the Gospel should give
me a lot of land to build the chapel upon to preach the Gospel in?
And yet it is so."

In March of 1810, Zion Chapel, the first Methodist church
in Bermuda, built at a cost of £1100 Bermudean currency, and
seating between four and five hundred people, was opened for
Divine worship, a generous collection of £43 being taken at the
services. From the first, the church continued to be filled from
Sunday to Sunday, and some of the most substantial people of
the colony connected themselves with its membership.

Some opposition was aroused against Marsden by his earnest
ministry to the colored people, but thoughtful people began to
see that a moral improvement was manifest among them and
hostile feeling was allayed. Some of the colored men became

BERMUDA 353

exhorters and local preachers and accomplished much good
amongst their kindred. The labors of Marsden extended over
the most of the colony and when the toil-worn warrior sailed for
England in February, 1812, he left behind him a most hopeful
cause of one hundred and thirty-eight members and hundreds of
appreciative adherents.

Before Marsden left, his successor, James Dunbar, had ar
rived. He was an organizer, and disciplinarian, fitly following
an evangelist, and proceeded to establish methodical financial
arrangements, with regularly constituted stewards' meetings and
official boards. Notwithstanding a rather severe pruning there
was a steady increase in membership. A mission house (parson
age) was completed in 1813 at a cost of six hundred pounds. A
wooden church was erected in St. George's and opened in August
of 1814. For twenty years it was used and witnessed many sea
sons of grace and revival power.

As the work advanced a colleague was needed and William
Wilson came from the West Indies to assist Dunbar. The fol
lowing winter saw Dunbar's removal to Nova Scotia, and in
March, Moses Raynor came out from England to serve with Wil
son. A church was erected at Bailey's Bay in 1816, the site and
generous financial assistance being given by a friend to the cause.
Late in 1817, William Sutcliff came to relieve Wilson and in 1819
he, in turn, was relieved by the return of Dunbar. During those
years the dreaded yellow fever had swept the islands, carrying
many to their graves, and Mr. Sutcliff and his family were sick
for a long time. Dunbar's second term continued for four years,
till 1823, when he was forced for health's sake to seek a change.
During this term the work of God prospered, prejudice largely
disappeared, and the cause became firmly established.

At Port Royal, although, in 1820, a church had not been
erected, a hundred and twenty pounds a year were being contri
buted to ministerial support and an auxiliary missionary society
had been organized.

About 1820, the Anglican church increased its clergymen in
the colony, some of whom were of the evangelical type, and in
1821, a ship which had been terribly buffeted by storms put in to
St. George's for repairs. On board were a Baptist and a Presby
terian minister who, out of the depths of grateful hearts began to
tell of the wonderful deliverance which had been given them, so
that the hearts of their hearers were touched beginning a revival
which spread over the islands strengthening the cause of God.

354 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Among the noted converts of early Methodism in Bermuda
was Edward Frazer, a young colored slave, at about the age of
twenty. He had exceptional ability and rare eloquence. Set
free by his owner he went to England where he mightily moved
great audiences as he pleaded the cause of his people. Later he
was appointed a missionary to the West Indies where he had a
very successful career as a preacher of the Gospel.

A church was opened at Warwick in 1827. The site was
donated by James C. Esten, Chief Justice, who always appre
ciated the work being done by Methodism. The building was
erected largely through the willing toil of slaves, both men and
women in their spare hours. Richard Higgs and James Cox were
devoted local preachers, who rendered good service throughout
the islands, the latter becoming a useful minister in the West
Indies.

In 1828, Rev. James Home, a sturdy Scotsman, came to Ber
muda from Jamaica and was honored with much success in his
ministry: John Crofts arrived in 1830 as associated minister and
after his coming, Somerset, St. David's and Tucker's Town were
made regular appointments. The cause was prospering now,
there being twenty-seven classes organized throughout the Is
lands, having a total membership of three hundred and thirty.

In 1834, Thomas Smith, father of the late Prof. A. D. Smith,
of Mount Allison, went forth from Harris Bay to begin his de
voted ministry in the Maritime Provinces, Newfoundland, and
the West Indies. It was in this memorable year (1834) that the
slaves in Bermuda were made free men by the purchase of the
Imperial Government. It is said that the white people of the
Islands were as glad as the negroes that this infamous business
was forever banished from British territory.

Among the following missionaries appear the names of
Barry, Richardson, Johnson, Pugh, Jeffrey and Smith. At Harris
Bay the services had, for a long time, been held in the house of
Samuel Williams, but in 1838 a movement was started to build
a church and about £200 was collected. A fearful hurricane, late
in September, unroofed the almost finished building and so flung
back the work that it was not until September 20th of the fol
lowing year that the little church was opened. This building
continues till the present day. The site for this building was
donated by John Abraham Skinner.

At St. George's, the wooden chapel, erected in 1813, became
dilapidated, wood not being durable in the Bermuda climate.

.BERMUDA J55

In 1839, the centenary year and the year of the great hurricane,
it was levelled to the ground, and on New Year's day, 1842, a
new and substantial stone church was dedicated in its place.
About this time another young native of the Islands, Arthur
Steel, employed as a preacher during the absence of the minister,
manifested such "gifts and graces" that he was recommended for
the ministry and sent to the West Indies where, after highly com
mending himself, he was stricken with fever and died.

Rev. W. E. Shenstone arrived from Nova Scotia in 1843 and
shortly after the yellow fever scourge again invaded the colony
carrying off hundreds of the people. Mr. Shenstone and his whole
family were laid low, barely escaping with their lives. Providen
tially, Revs. William Moister and William Leggett, West India
missionaries, on their way north, called at Bermuda and for some
time rendered assistance to the stricken minister.

Up till now the Islands had constituted one circuit, but now,
in 1846, St. George's, Bailey's Bay and Tucker's Town were or
ganized as a circuit with J. W. Brown, from the West Indies, as
pastor, while all the western parishes, from the Flatts to Ireland
Island, were made into another circuit with Hamilton as head
quarters. In 1846, Thomas Smith, who had entered the ministry
from Harris Bay in 1834, returned to relieve Mr. Shenstone but
after a short term was obliged, through ill health, to rest for three
years. John B. Brownell exercised a strong ministry in Bermuda
from 1847 to 1854, being moved from St. George to Hamilton in
1850. He was succeeded at St. George's by the brilliant young
George Douglas whose uplifting eloquence made a profound im
pression upon the whole country. He only remained for eighteen
months, on account of ill health, and, after a lapse of several
months, his place at St. George's was taken by Thomas M. Al-
brighton, another young and attractive preacher, fresh from the
theological institution at Richmond, England.

Up till 1851, the Methodism of Bermuda was connected with
the West Indies Bahamas District. It then became attached to
the Nova Scotia District. For many years the Anglican Church
had been supported by large grants of money from the Legisla
ture derived from all classes of the people. As the Methodists
increased, it was considered a hardship that they should support
their own work and also be obliged to assist the Anglican Church
and so about this time the Legislature granted £120 a year to
help carry on the Methodist work in the Islands. This semi-con
nection with the State was not considered an ideal policy but so

356 HISTORY OF METHODISM

long as public monies were expended to assist one communion it
was only fair that other communions, whose members contribut
ed to the public funds, should also share in the grants.

In 1854, Brownell's health began to fail and, after years of
splendid service, he moved north and was stationed at Halifax.
About this time the fever pestilence again spread over the Is
lands laying aside the ministers for months, and making havoc
of the membership of all the churches. At this time, the Rev.
James Home, who now, as a supernumerary, made Bermuda his
home, with a noble band of laymen, carried on the work.
Amongst the latter were Jeremiah Harnett and Henry Hallett,
devoted and efficient leaders.

Brownell was succeeded at Hamilton by Isaac Whitehouse,
of the West Indies, and in 1855, when the Conference of Eastern
British America was organized, from which Bermuda was hence
forth to be supplied, Robert Duncan was sent to St. George's and
to the assistance of Whitehouse. Bermuda became a part of the
Halifax District and continued thus until 1886 when it was con
stituted as a separate District of the Nova Scotia Conference.
In 1857, Duncan was succeeded by John Cassidy, and, in 1858, a
neat church was built on St. David's Island, largely through the
inspiration of Mrs. Stephen Brangman, who was affectionately
known as the "Bishop of St. David's." Amongst the prominent
laymen of these times appear the names of Richard M. Higgs,
Deane, Darrell, Richardson, Vesey, Gauntlett, Ebenezer Bell, W.
A. Outerbridge, and the devoted Thomas S. Tuzo, who for many
years held the office of Circuit Steward. Cassidy was succeeded
by Douglas Chapman in 1859, whilst Wm. T. Cardy had been at
Hamilton from 1856 to 1860.

In Rev. Selby Jefferson's fine Bermuda centennial vol., to
which, with Smith's History, we are greatly indebted, is the fol
lowing: "In 1860, F. W. Moore followed Cardy at Hamilton,
whilst William Ryan took up the work of Chapman at St.
George's. And with the ministry of these men will always be
identified a wonderful work of grace which swept over the whole
islands culminating at the end of their first year in additions to
the church of some six hundred and eighty-seven Sunday School
scholars, eighty teachers, and one hundred and fifty-seven mem
bers." At the fourth Quarterly Meeting, it was decidel to ask
for a third minister. The joy of this great revival year was chas
tened by the decease of no less than seventeen of the most earnest
workers in the church. In addition to the regular receipts of the

BERMUDA 367

circuit, the sum of £500 was raised for the purpose of chapel
building and enlargement, and on October 23rd, 1861, the corner
stone of a church was laid at Somerset, by Mrs. (Rev.) Moore.
This was followed by the beginning of a church at Tucker's
Town, the foundation stone being laid by Henry Hallett in De
cember of 1861. In 1862, Mr. Ryan returned to Nova Scotia and
F. W. Harrison and W. W. Percival came to Mr. Moore's assist
ance. In 1863, the latter was succeeded by R. Duncan, who re
turned for a second term.

In 1864, at Bailey's Bay a new church was built under the
energetic leadership of Joseph Outerbridge and was completed
during the second pastorate of Wm.Ryan in 1866. J. McC. Fulton
succeeded Mr. Harrison in 1865 and St. George's decided on the
erection of a new mission house, or parsonage. In 1866, at St.
George's "Oil took the place of candles in the evening service."
In 1866, A. S. DesBrisay came to relieve Percival, but was forc
ed, on acount of health, to return north on the following summer.

Jefferson says: "In 1868, the Islands were divided into two
circuits under separate Quarterly Boards. With young Thomas
Rogers, R. Alder Temple came to Hamilton to take charge of all
the western field from Harris Bay to Spanish Point; whilst Mr.
Ryan, moving to the new parsonage at St. George's, made him
self responsible for the eastern end of the Islands and was suc
ceeded by G. W. Tuttle in 1869. By this time the Somerset
church was found insufficient for the Methodist folk west of War
wick, and on the 24th of October, 1870, the foundation stone of
another was laid at Port Royal by Miss Hetty Bell. And there
a specially loyal people has steadily stood by the Cause ever
since."

Now there came a demand for a fourth minister and in 1870
Stephen Humphrey had W. H. Evans as his colleague at Hamil
ton, whilst G. W. Tuttle was assisted at St. George's by A.
Fletcher Weldon. The latter was the first to give exclusive at
tention to Bailey's Bay and Tucker's Town. In 1872, T. Watson
Smith, later editor of The Wesleyan and historian of Methodism
in Eastern British America, succeeded G. W. Tuttle at St.
George's and had A. R. B. Shrewsbury as his assistant, whilst J.
Cassidy returned to take charge at Hamilton.

During Mr. Cassidy's pastorate trouble arose about the right
of entry to the parish graveyards. Although intended for all the
people, the Anglican Church claimed exclusive control of them
notwithstanding there was no State church in the colony, and

358 HISTORY OF METHODISM

they secured an Act which placed them in possession. They
claimed that any bodies to be buried in these parish graveyards,
should be met by an Anglican clergyman at the churchyard gates
for burial by him, no matter to what other communion the de
ceased might have belonged. Mr. Cassidy resented this injustice
and, to put it to the test, on the occasion of a death among hia
own people, he, without asking any man's leave, laid away the
remains in the parish graveyard. He was summoned for trespass
and the case was carried to the Supreme Court. As Jefferson
says: "There was not a lawyer in the Islands who would risk
his ruin by entering the courts in anti- Anglican interests. A law
yer was imported (E. D. King, from Halifax), but he was ob
jected to as being, though British, without an English qualifica
tion. Then Cassidy had to plead his own cause. The case went
against him, of course, and he was fined a shilling." This matter
caused much excitement in the colony, and much interest out
side, it being acknowledged by the unprejudiced that Mr. Cas
sidy, whilst losing the case had won a moral victory.

In 1873, a Sunday School which had been meeting for a long
time in the house of W. S. Tratt, outgrew its accommodation and
an ell was built to the church for its use and for other social
church services.

In 1873 Charles M. Tyler came to Somerset, and the Chron
icler says: "And the whole of the western end of the Islands was
soon a blaze of evangelistic zeal. The next year, 1874, St. David's
church was enlarged. Somerset suffered from the removal of
some of its best workers to Hamilton," but no exodus could effec
tively set back the earnest evangelism of the young probationer,
or stay the progressive spirit of the zealous little mission. Other
men arose to lead the young folk on and lift the rapidly increas
ing responsibilities." In 1875, St. George's and Bailey's Bay wel
comed W. C. Brown and J. M. Fisher, whilst Robt. Wasson
arrived at Hamilton, and Mr. Tyler remained at Somerset.

Hamilton now felt the necessity of enlargement and in 1876
the site for a new church was decided upon, and £500 promised
toward the undertaking. A. M. Oudney, Jeremiah Harnett, W.
T. Gibbons, W. T. James, and J. B. Stead were leaders in the
movement. The foundation stone was laid on September 19th,
1876, by Rev. A. W. Nicolson, ex-president of the Conference,
who went down from Nova Scotia to ordain the young brethren,
C. M. Tyler and J. M. Fisher. The undertaking was a heavy
one and required several years for its completion, the total cost

BERMUDA 359

being £5,350. On Christmas Day, 1881, the congregation crowd
ed its courts in thanksgiving and on December 29th, the formal
opening took place. Finally the old church property was sold
to the city for £3,000 which cleared the debt on the new church
and left £1,000 for a parsonage.

About the time of the building of this new church a move
ment was going on among the colored people which led to the
organization of the African Methodist Episcopal Church in the
colony, in affiliation with that church in the United States. This
has become a strong body. In 1884, Hamilton was divided into
two circuits, Somerset being made a separate mission. Wesley
Church, Hamilton, was now feeling the need of more room and
the suggestion was made to erect a church on the North-shore.
In 1884, on July 12th, a new church was dedicated at Port Royal
(Somerset) , the preachers being J. S. Coffin and J. Wier. The old
church was built in 1869 on land donated by Joseph D. Evans,
the preacher being Rev. R. A. Temple. In 1887, St. George's and
Bailey's Bay divided, the latter, with Tucker's Town, and tak
ing Harris Bay from Hamilton, was made a separate mission.
Whilst services had been held for a long time at Ireland Island
no church had been erected there. All the land was Imperial
property, and unpurchasable, but in 1890 the Lords of Admiralty
gave permission for the erection of a Methodist church, a nominal
ground rent being exacted. A church was erected and dedicated
on March 26th, 1891, the preachers being W. G. Lane and R. S.
Stevens. Shortly after, a parsonage was erected. There were
now nine churches in the Islands valued at £15,000, a total mem
bership of 552, with 790 Sunday School scholars, and about three
times as many adherents as members. Crossley and Hunter, the
evangelists, visited the Islands in 1892 and aroused much interest,
the immediate result being an increased membership and a gen*-
eral deepening of spiritual life. In 1895, the Somerset mission
was divided, Ireland Island becoming separate and self-contained
with F. W. Cann as pastor. In 1899, Hamilton took on a second
man, J. G. Hockin, assistant to James Strothard, and Grace
Church was erected at the North Shore, at a cost of £800, on a
lot donated by John N. Hollis, and was opened by His Excel
lency, Governor Geary, on April 6th, 1900. In 1905, during the
pastorate of Joel Mader at Harris Bay a neat parsonage was
built at the Flatts.

On January 10th, 1910, William Purvis, Chairman of the
District, a choice spirit who had, with intervals between, been

360 HISTORY OF METHODISM

stationed three times in Bermuda, was stricken with paralysis,
and passed away on the following day greatly lamented. A tower
added to St. George's church in the latter part of the year was
dedicated to his memory by being called the Purvis Memorial
Slower.

On March 30th, 1910, the Centenary of the opening of the
first Methodis-t church in the Islands, old Zion, was celebrated in
"Wesley", His Excellency the Governor, F. W. Kitchener, C. B.,
presiding. The prominent note was one of Thanksgiving. Ad
dresses were made by representatives of the Presbyterian church,
African M. E. church, and the Salvation Army and by Rev. Dr.
Heartz, ex-president of the Nova Scotia Conference, who carried
its warmest greetings to Bermuda Methodism. At the end of a
hundred years, the cause, which began with the shameful im
prisonment of its first missionary and, for several years after,
the suppression of its services, now found itself with five circuits,
eleven churches, six ministers and probationers, with 684 mem
bers, and a following, according to the census of 1901, of 1826.
Besides this the African Methodist Episcopal church at that date
had about the same number of churches, under the direction of
nine preachers, ministering to a membership of 454, with a fol
lowing of 1512. Thus where there were no Methodists in the Is
lands in 1810, in 1910 there were 3338, surely sufficient reason for
a grateful centennial service of Thanksgiving. The Methodist
ministers on the Islands, at the latter date, Revs. J. W. Prest-
wood, D. Hickey, H. Burgess, T. A. Bowen, and H. D. Townsend
led their people in appropriate celebration of the aiispicious
occasion.

The Ebenezer Sunday School of St. George's celebrated its
Centennial on December 12th and 13th, 1920. R. M. Higgs was
its superintendent in 1830 and also superintendent at Tucker's
Town, and he was succeeded by Wm. Gibbons, Mr. McKeane,
Sergt. Oxborough, Rev. Wm. Ryan, James Roberts, and Jacob R.
Trott, who, at 1920, had been in office for the long period of
thirty-four years.

In 1923, the Bermuda Development Company bought up the
whole of Tucker's Town to establish the great Mid-Ocean Golf
Links, including the Methodist church for which thev paid
$10,560. A new church site was secured on the South Shore, or
Military Road, and a fine new church was erected called the
Marsden Methodist church in memory of the Rev. Joshua Mars-
den who at the special request of Dr. Coke went from Nova Sco-

BERMUDA 361

tia, in 1808, to face the persecutors of Mr. Stephenson and a
hostile legislature and public, that he might preach salvation to
the enslaved Blacks and any others who might wish to hear nim.
The old church was built in 1862. The new church was dedicated
on Sunday, October 7th; 1923. Those who took part in the exer
cises were Rev. Dr. Saint, Chairman of the District, Rev. A. S.
Adams, of St. George's, and Rev. G. T. Honnor, pastor of the
church, accompanied by the members of the Trustee Board, all
of whom occupied places on the platform. Much credit was giv
en to the Rev. H. J. Indoe, the recent pastor, as it was largely
through his strenuous efforts and negotiations with the Develop
ment Company that the new church was made possible.

Methodism in Bermuda has contributed several valuable
recruits to the ministerial ranks. Amongst them may be men
tioned — Thomas Smith, Wm. A. Outerbridge, and Leonard M.
Outerbridge to Eastern British American work besides these Ed
ward Frazer, Arthur Steel, and perhaps others were given to the
ministry in the West Indies. The Bermudas have contributed a
large number of elect ladies to the parsonages of Methodism in
these lands. The following ministers found their wives in those
"Enchanting Isles:" Wm. Wilson (Miss Albuoy), John Crafts
(Miss Higgs), Thomas Smith (Sarah Vesey), Robt. Duncan
(Miss Higgs) , J. Cassidy (Miss Outerbridge) , Wm. Ryan (Miss
Fox) , J. B. Giles (Miss Hayward) , B. C. Borden (Miss Bluck) ,
H. D. Townsend (Clara Dickenson) , J. H. Freestone (Gwendolen
L. Boyle) , C. B. Sinden (Muriel R. Boyle) , the latter two brides
being cousins. It may also be noted that Duncan McColl, the
noted Methodist pioneer preacher in New Brunswick, met Miss
Channal, who afterwards became his wife, during the winter
(1783-84) he spent in Bermuda. She was from New York but
left after the Revolution and, at Bermuda, taught McColl much
about Methodism.

The following have served as pastors in the Bermudas since
1855 — Isaac Whitehouse, Robt. Duncan.
1856— Wm. Cardy, assisted in .56 by Robert Duncan, in .57 and

.58 by John Cassidy, and in .59 by Douglas Chapman.
I860— F. W. Moore, Wm. Ryan and in .62 W. W. Percival.
1863 — R. Duncan, F. Harrison, and W. W. Percival.
1865— R Duncan. W. W. Percival and J. McC. Fulton.
1866— W. Ryan, J. M. Fulton, S. S. DesBrisay.
1867— R. A. Temple, W. Ryan, J. M. Fulton.
1868 — In this year the work was divided.

362 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Hamilton and Somerset- — 1868, R. A. Temple and in .68 and
.69, Thos Rogers; 1870, S. Humphrey and W. H. Evans; 1872, J.
Cassidy and in .72, W. H. Evans, in .73 and .74, C. M. Tyler;
1875, R. Wasson and in .75, C. M. Tyler, in .76, J. M. Fisher, and
in .77, W. Purvis; 1878, E. B. Moore and in .78 and .79, B. C.
Borden and in .80, F. A. Buckley; 1881, A. W. Nicolson and in
.81, F. A. Buckley and in .82 J. Wier; 1883, J. S. Coffin and in
.83, J. Wier; 1886, Thos. Rogers; 1889, W. G. Lane; 1892, Wm.
Dobson; 1896, J. W. Prestwood; 1899, J. Strothard and in .99
and 1900, J. G. Hockin, and in 1901, B. J. Porter; in 1903, W.
Ainley and in .03 and .04, J. W. Hobbs, and in .05 J. W. O'Brien;
1906, E. E. England and in .07, H. W. Outerbridge; 1908, Selby
Jefferson and in .08, H. W. Outerbridge and in .09, J. H. Free
stone; 1910, D. B. Hemmeon; 1914, N. McLauchlan; 1916, B.
Hills; 1916, M. R. Ewing, at Port Royal; 1918, Norman M. Guy;
1923, J. R. Saint; 1925, N. M. Guy (2nd term).

St. George's and Bailey's Bay—186S, Wm. Ryan; 1869, Geo.
W. Tuttle and in .70, A. F. Weldon; 1871, T. Watson Smith and
in .71, .72 and .73 A. R. B. Shrewsbury, and in .74, J. M. Fisher;
1875, Wm. C. Brown and in .75, J. M. Fisher, in 76, C. M.
Tyler, and in .77, Geo. F. Johnson; 1878, Wm. Ryan and in .78,
G. F. Johnson and in .79, J. L. Dawson; 1880, J. G. Angwin and
in .80, J. L. Dawson and in .81 and .82, J. W. Prestwood; 1883, J.
B. Giles and in .84 and .85, F. Friggens; 1886, B. Hills and in .86,
F. Friggens; Bailey's Bay cut off in 1887; 1889, J. R. Borden;
1890, J. B. Heal; 1893, C. H. Huestis; 1896, D. Hickey; 1899,
W. Ainley; 1903, W. H. Evans; 1907, W. Purvis; 1910, W. H.
Watts; 1911, A. B. Higgins; 1915, R. L. Norsworthy; 1919, J. H.
Freestone; 1922, H. S. Adams; 1924, G. T. Honnor.

Sandy's and Southampton — 1884, J. B. Buttrick; 1887, W.
Phillips; 1890, R. S. Stevens; 1893, W. F. Cann; 1895, D. B.
Hemmeon; 1897, H. D. Townsend; 1900, H. H. McNeill; 1904,
W. Q. Genge; 1907, Supply; 1908, E. Plowman; 1909, Re-ar
rangement of work and supplied from Ireland Island.

Bailey's Bay—lS87, A. C. Borden; 1889, L. Daniel; 1890, J.
W. Turner; 1892, J. A. Smith; 1895, W. A. Outerbridge; 1898, T.
A. Bowen; 1901, J. Mader; 1905, A. Hockin, Jnr., 1908, H. P.
Patterson; 1911, Re-arrangement of work. See Central.

BERMUDA 363

Central (Harris Bay and Grace Church) — 1911, C. A. Mun-
roe; 1915, W. H. Palmer; 1916, W. S. Loring; 1918, C. B. Sinden;
1919, Supply; 1920, H. S. Bland; 1921, H. J. Indoe; 1923, G. T.
Honnor; 1924, T. Constable.

Ireland Island— 1895, W. F. Cann; 1896, H. Burgess; 1899,
J. Hale; 1903, W. Purvis; 1907, W. Q. Genge; 1909, G. T. Bry
ant; 1910, J. Hale; 1912, P. T. Meek; 1913, A. W. Dycer; 1914,
R. E. Fairbairn; 1917, Jos. Martin; 1920, R. B. Thomas; 1923,
J. W. W. Swetnam; 1925, H. J. Wilks.

Port Royal— 1924, Supply (W. H. Barnett) ; 1925, Supply
(James K. Rundle).

364 HISTORY OF METHODISM

CHAPTER VI

MOUNT ALLISON INSTITUTIONS

THE ACADEMY

Like the "Reformation," Methodism commenced its work
within a university and it has always, as a Church, zealously
promoted useful knowledge and educational institutions. John
and Charles Wesley, with their early associates, such as Revs.
John Fletcher, George Whitefield, Vincent Perronet, William
Grimshaw, Dr. Coke, and others, were highly educated men. Be
cause of the rapid development of his great evangelistic work,
Mr. Wesley could not always secure educated helpers, but, after
being assured that they were taught of God, he made the best
selections possible in appointing his preachers and proceeded, as
soon as practicable, to establish a school for their training. As
early as the very first Conference of Wesley and his preachers,
one of the questions which was seriously considered was "Can we
have a seminary for laborers?" This question was kept to the
front until, in a very few years, two well-established "Theologi
cal Institutions" were in operation. Mr. Wesley was, himself, a
prolific writer and made large and judicious selections of such
writing of others as, in his opinion, would be of educative value
to his preachers and freely circulated such literature among
them. Circulating libraries were organized and periodical jour
nals were published for similar purposes. This course of action
has characterized Methodism wherever it has gone. The preacher
is accompanied by the teacher, the church is quickly followed by
the school. It was thus in the United States. Soon after Metho
dism became established in that great country, it had two "Bib
lical Institutes" in operation which have continued to multiply
until now their name is Legion.

In Eastern British America, the necessity for schools, under
Christian control, in which the higher branches of education
might be taught, and in which young men might be trained for
the Christian ministry, early came under serious consideration,
but lack of wealth and the sparse population of the country pre
vented any definite action by the church until, in a letter dated

MOUNT ALMSO'N INSTITUTIONS 365

January 4th, 1839, Mr. Charles F. Allison, a Christian merchant
of Sackville, N. B., wrote to the Annual District Meeting of the
Wesleyan Methodist Ministers, meeting in St. John, N. B., in
which he offered to purchase a site, at Sackville, and erect a
building suitable for use as an Academy. He also intimated that
if his offer should be accepted he would contribute liberally to
wards its maintenance for a period of ten years. This generous
offer was thankfully accepted and, on July 10th, 1840, the corner
stone of the first Academy was laid by Mr. Allison accompanied
with appropriate religious exercises. The building erected was a
noble edifice 150 feet long, 50 feet wide, and three stories high
above the basement, and besides all necessary offices, class
rooms, house-keeping quarters, parlors, library and chapel, it af
forded accommodation for eighty boarders. The site and build
ing cost between five and six thousand pounds of which Mr.
Allison contributed four thousand pounds, up to that date the
largest sum contributed for any such purpose, by a single indiv
idual, in what is now the Dominion of Canada. In January of
1843, this splendid building was opened for the higher education
of boys and young men. As, in that day, there were compara
tively few county academies or high schools in the Maritime
Provinces, this Academy, from its beginning, had a large and
selective patronage, students assembling from all the provinces
and from all denominations. The students were of a more mature
average age than those of later years, and from this institution
went out many who were to occupy the highest places in the
ministry of the Methodist Church, and in the professional, poli
tical, and commercial life of the country.

The site on which the Academy was erected was purchased
from Christopher Atkinson, son of a Yorkshire immigrant, who
had purchased it from Amasa Killam, one of the original Rhode
Island settlers of Sackville, who afterwards removed to Petit-
codiac.

The first teaching staff consisted of Rev. Humphrey PioK-
ard, M. A., Principal; Joseph R. Hea (classics), Thomas W.
Wood (English), and assistant pupil teachers. After a few years,
the staff consisted of Humphrev Pickard (Mental Philosophy
and Logic) , Thomas Pickard (Mathematics) , Alexander S. Reid
(Classics and French) , A. McNutt Patterson (English) , and Rev.
Albert DesBrisay (supperannuate) , Chaplain. John W. Webb
was mathematical teacher for two years during the temporary
absence of Thomas Pickard. The Board of Governors was sing-

366

ularly fortunate in its choice of Principal, in the person of Rev.
Humphrey Pickard, scholar, teacher, organizer, administrator,
and disciplinarian. See further reference under University notes.
Mr. (afterwards Dr.) Hea resigned about 1851 and founded the
noted boys' school of Acacia Villa, at Horton Landing, N. S., and
after ten years became Chancellor of University of New Bruns
wick for a few years. He died at Valleyfield, near Toronto, on
Jan'y 18th, 1904. Thomas Wood was a highly educated man.
Prior to coming to Mount Allison he was principal of a Grammar
School at Richibucto, and, leaving Mt. A., he became Inspector
of Schools in Northern New Brunswick. His daughter, who was
the first Art teacher in the Ladies' Academy, became the second
wife of Rev. James Law, father of Bonar Law, Prime Minister
of England. She spent her closing years in Glasgow, Scotland,
in the home of her distinguished stepson.

Thomas Pickard was a brother of the Principal and was a
noted mathematician and efficient teacher. He was the first Pro
fessor of Mathematics in the College and, after years of faith
ful service, retired to reside in Sackville where he descendants
continue as worthy citizens. Alexander S. Reid was born in Scot
land and educated at Edinburgh University. He was an able
classical scholar. When the Methodist College in St. John's,
Nfld, was established in 1859, under the more unassuming name
of the Wesleyan Academy, Mr. Reid became its first Principal
and rendered noted service in that position for ten years when he
resigned.

A. McNutt Patterson, M. A., purchased Acacia Villa Semin
ary from Dr. Hea and for nearly half a-century, as its proprietor
and principal, he moulded the lives of a multitude of young men,
and sent them out well disciplined in body, mind and morals to
engage in the business of life. He was one of the most success
ful educationists which Nova Scotia has produced. He died at
Hortonville, on Oct. 28th, 1910, aged 81 years.

In the early days of Mt. Allison Academy some young men
who afterwards became distinguished in public life were moni
tors or assistant teachers. Among these may be mentioned A.
W. McLellan (afterwards Governor of Nova Scotia) . A. R. Mc-
Clelan (Governor of New Brunswick) , John B. Dickie (Speaker
of N. S. Legislature) , and Joseph L. Moore (Prominent member
of the N. B. Legislature). It may be noted that none of these
were Methodists, but in those days its students came from all
denominations and that, as ever since, without any interference

MOUNT ALDISON INSTITUTIONS 367

with their religious affiliations. Mr. Moore was the first Presi
dent of the Alumni Society, which was organized in 1863.

James R. Inch began his long and honored connection with
the Mount Allison Institutions as a teacher in the Primary De
partment of the Academy in 1854. In 1857, the late Rev. J. J.
Colter was an assistant teacher.

David Allison, who was to become such an influential factor
in the history of Mount Allison and to be intimately associated
with it at intervals, aggregating forty-four years, came to the
old Academy in 1853 thence, after four years, proceeding to Wes-
leyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, where he graduated
in 1859 (see further reference to him under University notes).

After Mount Allison College (later University) was organiz
ed and Dr. Pickard became its first President, he continued to
hold the more or less nominal Principalship of the Academy as
also did Dr. David Allison in the earlier years of his presidency,
the resident head-master holding the title of Vice-President.
This continued until 1878. With this explanation the list of
Principals has been as follows: —

Humphrey Pickard, D.D., from 1843 to 1867.

Rev. Cranswick Jost, A.M., 1867 to 1870.

Rev. John Burwash, A.M., from 1870 to 1871.

John T. Mellish, A.M., Esq., from 1871 to 1874.

Rev. David Kennedy, S. T. D., from 1874 to 1878.

Rev. B. Longley, A.M., from 1878 to 1879.

Rev. Charles H. Paisley, A.M., from 1879 to 1883.

Thompson T. Davis, Esq., A.M., from 1883 to 1890.

Charles W. Harrison, Esq., A.M., from 1890 to 1894.

James M. Palmer, Esq., A.M., (later LL.D) 1894 to date
(1925).

Cranswick Jost was born at Guysboro, N. S., was an early
student at the old Mt. A. Academy, graduated from Middletown,
Conn., entered the ministry in 1862, became Vice-Principal of
Mt. A. Academy, and Professor of Hebrew in the College, in
1867; returned to circuit work in 1870, and is at date (1925) re
tired at Bridgetown, N. S., in honored old age. Of accurate
scholarship, and good executive ability he rendered excellent
service during his term of office at the Academy.

Concerning Rev. John Burwash see notes on University.
John T. Mellish was born in Charlottetown, was a student at Mt.
Allison, rendered effective service as Vice-Principal, became
principal of one of the Halifax high-schools, became a lawyer

368 HISTORY OF METHODISM

and died in old age in Vancouver, B. C. Rev. David Kennedy,
S. T. D., came from Ontario and after gaining much credit as
Vice-Principal of the Academy, became Principal of the Ladies'
College in succession to Dr. Inch and after seven years devoted
service went to Stanstead, Quebec, as principal of the Wesleyan
College there, where he died. He was followed in the Academy
by Rev. B. Longley, A.M., also from Ontario, a talented man,
who only remained one year.

Then came the Rev. Charles H. Paisley, A.M., whose splen
did work here and at the University is referred to later under
University notes.

Thompson T. Davis, Esq., A.M., was born at Shinimicas,
N. S., took high rank as a student at Mt. Allison College, was
assistant at the Academy and promoted to the principalship and
after rendering excellent and devoted service for seven years
went to Harvard University for two years, thence to Portland,
Oregon, where he did honor to his native land and his Alma
Mater, for thirty years as teacher, twenty six years of which as
head-master, in the Lincoln High School of that city. When he
died, full of years and honors, the daily press of the city paid a
high tribute to his memory as a man and as a teacher. Mr. Dav
is was succeeded at Mt. Allison by C. W. Harrison, Esq., A.M.,
of Ontario who remained for four years and then returned to
Ontario where he continued in the teaching profession.

James M. Palmer, Esq., M.A., LL.D., a native of Gagetown,
N. B., who first intended to devote himself to the legal profes
sion, so excelled in teaching as principal of the Chatham High
School and teacher in the Fredericton Collegiate, that he was in
vited to the principalship of Mount Allison Academy where he
has continued for thirty one years, ever maintaining the best
traditions of the school and perpetuating success in face of the
fact that county academies and rival high schools have greatly
multiplied since he took office. As scholar, teacher, adminis
trator, and trustworthy guardian of youth, Dr. Palmer has won
for himself an enviable position among the educationists of the
Maritime Provinces.

Mount Allison Academy, with its honorable history, has
not always escaped disaster. Twice the building was complete
ly destroyed by fire and its supporters were called upon to make
heroic self-sacrifice for its restoration. In the early evening of
January 16th, 1866, the original Academy caught fire from an
overheated flue and was completely destroyed. All escaped but

MOUNT ALLISON INSTITUTIONS 369

little was saved. Prof. David Allison, who lived in one end of
the building, lost all his furniture, books and clothing and bare
ly secured the escape of an infant child. The estimated loss was
$36,000 with $12,000 insurance.

The corner-stone of the second academy was laid on May
15th, 1866, by Rev. George Scott, D.D., of the British Confer
ence, and the building was completed during that summer. This
second Academy was destroyed by fire early Sunday morning,
January 8th, 1882, the fire having begun in the kitchen. Prin
cipal C. H. Paisley and Prof. A. D. Smith were in residenee.
Considerable property was saved. The insurance amounted to
$19,000. The commercial College building, only about fifty feet
distant, was saved. During the fire A. D. McCully (later, Rev.),
whilst riding through the town to spread the alarm, met with a
painful accident, having his leg broken by the fall of the horse
on which he was riding. An appreciative public generously came
to the assistance of the Board of Governors and the present
Academy was erected during the following summer.

In 1874-5 a penmanship and book-keeping department was
organized under the direction of Samuel E. Whiston which was
soon followed by the erection of the Commercial College building
and the establishment of a regular commercial course. This
building, some fifty feet from the Academy, was afterwards mov
ed so as to be attached to the main building for greater conven
ience.

Thus has this grand old school continued for more than four
score years, accommodating itself to changing conditions and
offering to the maturing boys of the church and the country facil
ities for the acquisition of a liberal education under congenial
residential conditions and with healthful moral associations cal
culated to cultivate strong characters as well as trained minds.

The visitor to Mount Allison has only to "look around" to
witness enduring monuments to the memory of Charles F. Alli
son, the godly and generous merchant of Sackville, through
whose splendid liberality the Mount Allison Institutions were
made possible, but, besides these monuments of wood and stone,
a memorial service is annually held in connection with what is
known as "Founder's Day," at which appropriate addresses are
delivered followed by a procession to his grave upon which are
dropped sprigs of evergreen to keep forever fresh the memory of
a noble character and a noble deed.

Charles Frederick Allison, the founder of the Mount Allison

370

HISTORY OF METHODISM

Institutions, was the son of James Allison, of Cornwallis, N. S.,
and by training was an Episcopalian. After several years' ex
perience in the business establishment of Elisha Ratchford at
Parrsboro', N. S., he, in 1816, settled at Sackville, and soon en
tered into partnership with the Hon. William Crane. During a
serious illness, which threatened the general failure of his never
vigorous health, he sought spiritual guidance from the Rev. Wil
liam Smithson, Methodist minister, with whom he had become
personally acquainted as a fellow worker in temperance effort.
By him he was led into conscious fellowship with Jesus Christ
and in 1833 he united with the Methodist Church and became
one of its most devoted members and generous supporters. Early
in his Christian life he reached the conviction that he was re
sponsible as a steward of the wealth which came into his hands
and he acted accordingly, and with such splendid generosity as
to place him, according to his means, amongst the most generous
benefactors of society in any age. He was offered political hon
ors but declined remaining among the people as 'one that serv-
eth.' Milcah Trueman, his sweet spirited wife, was in full sym
pathy with his Christian generosity and encouraged him in hia
godly service. Their beautiful residence was on the site now
occupied by the Charles Fawcett memorial Hall. Charles F.
Allison passed away in 1858 but his memory can never die. He
was survived, for some years, by his widow and by one daughter
who passed away in early womanhood. Very appropriately may
it be written of these godly ones: "Blessed are the dead which
die in the Lord from henceforth: Yea, saith the Spirit, that they
may rest from their labors ; and their works do follow them."

Mount Allison Academy students who made the Great Sacri
fice in the World War (1914-18).

Borden, Harlan Winfield
Brown, Robert Melbourne
Clark, Joseph Leonard
Davison, William Earl
DeLong, Mark Lome
Dennis, Eric Reginald
Drummond, Clifford
Edgecombe, Charles Hedley
Elderkin, St. €lair Preston
Elderkir, Vernon
Hale, William Fra.ser
Hensley, John Manuel
Hughes, Frank Major

Jar dine, David
Judkins, John Wesley
Lindsay, Erskine
Lockwc'od, Terence Cochrane
Machum, Ronald Sutherland
McDowell, John Wesley
McMillan, Donald Evan
Osborne, Hubert Patterson
Peters, Edward Col-s
Pirie, Thomas Henry
Poole, Richard Westaway
Pringle, Ernest Merle
Reinhardt, Harry Huestis

MOUNT ALLISON INSTITUTIONS 37l

Richardson, Nelson Tattrie, Harry Archibald > %

Seaman, Alexander McParlane Tower, Ralph Elswiorth

Smith, Cecil Parker Welch, Ernest Havelock

Snow, Ralph Dwight Windsor, Charles Albert

Southgate, Lewis Murray Winsor, William Arthur
Swetham, Harry Bowser

MOUNT ALLISON LADIES' COLLEGE

Smith's History says: "Early in the history of the first acad
emy its friends became convinced that their purpose was only
partially accomplished so long as they were unable to offer equal
advantages to the youth of both sexes. At one of the sessions of
the united district meeting at Sackville in 1847, at which several
leading laymen were present, a resolution that 'an academy for
females, similar to the one now in existence for the other sex, is a
necessity/ and that the Methodist Church is under obligation to
meet that necessity, was unanimously adopted. Early in the
following year Mr. Allison made an offer of one thousand pounds
towards the erection of an academy at Sackville for ladies, to
which other residents of the township proposed to add nine hun
dred pounds, but four years and more passed before the amount
deemed necessary by the board of trustees for the erection of the
required buildings was placed at their disposal. In 1852 tenders
were invited, and in July, 1854, the new building for a second
academic household was pronounced ready for occupation."

"The doors of the new establishment were thrown open to
lady students on August 17th, 1854. At eleven in the morning,
Humphrey Pickard, A.M., principal of the two academies;
Ephraim Evans, D.D., governor and chaplain; Charles F. All
ison, treasurer; Thomas Pickard, A.M., lecturer on natural
science in both academies; Mary E. Adams, chief preceptress of
the new school, with her associate instructors, and some other
friends, were met by eighty pupils — a number much beyond ex
pectation."

The immediate success of this school has been continued
through its seventy years of splendid history. Thousands of the
brightest young ladies of the Maritime Provinces, and beyond,
have been fitted here to adorn the society in which they have
mingled and to take leadership in advancing the social, intellec
tual, and moral welfare of the country.

In January, 1855, Lingley Hall, which had been for some
time in process of erection, adjoining the "Female Academy,"

372 HISTORY OF METHODISM

was completed and became the meeting place of the more public
functions of the Mount Allison Institutions.

In later years, Dr. Allison, referring to the Ladies' College,
wrote as follows: "It came into operation under the handicap
of a rather infelicitous designation 'The Branch for Females'
with the equally hideous correlate for the older school, 'The
Branch for Males.' Official sanction was also given to briefer
forms, 'Female Branch' or 'Male Branch,' while for years the
ordinary usus loquendi preferred, 'Female Academy.' It seems
wonderful that cultivated ears stood such a grotesque perversion
of good English as long as they did."

In 1857, the Rev. Ephraim Evans, D.D., who held the some
what uncertain office of Governor and Chaplain, went back to
Ontario, and the Rev. John Allison, M. A., a cousin of President
David Allison, was made Principal, with Mrs. Allison, his wife,
a talented woman, chief preceptress. The school flourished in
every way except in its finances. Mr. Allison was a very talent
ed preacher and an accomplished scholar but not an expert in the
details of business and when he retired in 1864, it was thought
wise to have the veteran Dr. Pickard as its responsible Principal,
with James R. Inch, B.A., then teaching in the "Male Academy,"
as Vice-Principal, in residence. No better choice could have been
made. Mr. Inch soon proved himself eminently fitted for this
responsible position, splendidly supported as he was by the gra
cious woman who adorned his home and whose memory has been
so fondly cherished by a multitude of former students for their
life-time.

On the retirement of Dr. Pickard from Mount Allison (in
1869) to become Book Steward and Editor of The Wesleyan,
Mr. Inch was promoted from Vice-Principal to Principal, which
position he splendidly filled until 1878 when he became President
of the University. During his term at the Ladies' College he
paid off heavy debts, thoroughly refurnished and equipped the
institution, added a wing and a mansard roof to the building and
left it in a flourishing condition for his successor. (See further
reference to Dr. Inch under University notes.)

Rev. David Kennedy, S.T.D., who had been Principal of the
'Male Academy,' succeeded Mr. Inch and continued in office un
til 1885 rendering very efficient service. The beautiful park in
front of the college is a monument of his regime as it was pur
chased from the Allison estate by the earnings of his seven years'
term. In 1885, he resigned office to take the principalship of

MOUNT ALLISON INSTITUTIONS 373

the Wesleyan College, at Stanstead, Quebec, where he died on
Sept. 4th, 1887. He was born at Gainsborough, Lincoln Co., On
tario, August 3rd, 1838, and thus had scarcely reached the age
of fifty years when his useful and honored earthly life terminated.

Rev. Byron C. Borden, B.A., then pastor of Brunswick St.
Church, Halifax, succeeded Dr. Kennedy in 1885 and continued
in office till 1911, when by unanimous desire of the Board of Re
gents, he assumed the presidency of the University on the re
tirement of Dr. Allison. For more than a quarter century, Dr.
Borden rendered splendid service at the Ladies' College. The
monuments of his ability are all about it. His able adminis
tration so commended him to the public that he was able to
secure large contributions towards the erection of new buildings
and the establishment of new departments. The Conservatory
of Music was erected in 1890, the beautiful Owens' Art Building
in 1894, the extensive brick Ladies' College Annex built and the
Massey Treble School of Household Science equipped in 1903,
and the splendid Jairus Hart Hall built in 1910. All department
Faculties were strengthened and new ones organized. Whilst
much credit is due to Dr. Borden, it must not be forgotten that
he was ably supported by Mrs. Borden who is gifted with calm
good judgment and is held in affectionate remembrance by a
multitude of former students. Besides this the genial Doctor is
ever ready to render praise to Mrs. A. N. Archibald, who so
earnestly devoted the best years of her talented life to the up
building of the College and all its interests.

Rev. George M. Campbell, D.D., succeeded Dr. Borden, in
1911. He was a very gifted preacher and public speaker and
had been for four years Field Secretary of the Canadian Bible
Society, whose interests he advocated with distinguished ability.
He was caught too late to settle down to the details of the ad
ministration of a boarding school and during the war he resigned
and responded to the call of his country and went through the
land with great persuasive power stimulating the young men to
recruit and all classes to co-operate with the Government in the
support of military services. He died at Hornell, New York,
while on duty, of pneumonia, aged 66 years.

During the following two years the affairs of the College
were superintended by President Borden of the University and
the Rev. Hamilton Wigle, B.A., D.D., the present genial and
enterprising Principal, assumed office in 1917, after rendering
most effective service in the ministry in Winnipeg, Amherst and

374 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Halifax. Dr. Wigle has been in much demand as a preacher and
lecturer and in thus visiting many parts of the Maritime Provin
ces has had opportunity, of which he has made good use, of pro
moting the interests of the College and securing additional
students.

In 1919, the attendance had grown to such numbers that the
accommodation was found to be altogether inadequate to meet
the needs and the lady university students were crowded out so
that the Ford hotel (Allison Hall) was engaged for their tempor
ary residence. The attendance kept increasing and the Board
of Regents decided to enlarge the plant and in 1920 a $51,000
building was erected filling the space between Hart Hall and the
main building. This is known as the New Addition and is of the
same style and material as Hart Hall. This addition has pro
vided for thirty more students and contains two large class,
rooms, a community room and swimming pool. This building
has been created and carried by the surpluses earned by the Col
lege.

In May, 1924, a broadcasting radio station was installed,
being the first placed by any College in Canada.

This college, during recent years, has had to contend with
conditions of financial stringency in the country and high prices
of maintenance but has met them with greater success than some
kindred schools which have been obliged to make special appeals
for support to keep them going.

Dr. Wigle is ably supported by the kindly lady who is ac
companying him through life. Mrs. Wigle makes her quarters a
welcome resting place for teachers and homesick girls. Her
cheerful words and kindly deeds will long be kept in memory by
grateful students.

The College is ably staffed in all its varied departments.

The following is the list of honored and talented ladies who
have occupied the responsible position of Chief-Preceptress dur
ing the history of the College: 1854-57, Mary E. Adams; 1857-
64, Mrs. John Allison; 1864-66, Mrs. Stephen O. Spencer; 1866-
67, Jennie M. Burr; 1867-68, Margaret Proctor; 1868-69, Mary
E. Pickard (Acting); 1869-70, Mary E. Harriman; 1870-71,
Kate L. Jewell; 1871-73, Mary Mellish (had been teacher since
1869); 1873-74, Mary L. Taylor; 1874-76, Alice A. Chesley;
1876-77, Fannie C. Gaylord; 1877-80, Adelaide H. Whitfield;
1880-81, Ella L. Barnes; 1881-82, Mary L. D. Wilson; 1882-85,
Emma F. Sharpe; 1885-91, Mrs. A. N. Archibald (formerly Mary

MOUNT ALLISON INSTITUTIONS 375

Mellish as above, with title of Vice-Principal from 1897) ; 1901-
14, Emma Baker, B.A., Ph.D.; 1914— Annie Sprague, B. A. Of
the eighteen ladies holding this responsible position three, in
their combined terms, stand out pre-eminently for length of ser
vice, extending over half of the whole history of the College.
They are Mrs. A. N. Archibald, M. L. A. (Mary Mellish) , Emma
Baker, Ph.D., and Annie Sprague, B.A., the present talented
Vice-Principal, who first became connected with the college as
teacher of mathematics in 1904-5.

No summary of the history of the Ladies' College would be
passable which failed to make appreciative reference to Miss
Miriam Fullerton, who, as matron, for the long period of thirty-
five years (1866-1901), so faithfully and lovingly ministered to
the comfort and well-being of the successive companies of girls,
numbering, in the aggregate, several thousands, who came under
her care. She and Mary Mellish (Mrs. A. N. Archibald, "the
beloved preceptress") arrived together by the same coach on
July 22, 1866. Both rest from their labors so well done and both
live in the loving remembrance of multitudes of former students.
Miss Fullerton has had worthy successors but her place in the
history of the school is unique. She was born at Parrsboro, N.
S., on Feb. 28th, 1826, and died in St. John, N. B., on August
17th, 1904.

The following have been the Musical Directors, having as
sociated with them many talented assistants, too numerous to
mention: 1854-55, Emma Elliott and Marianne Webb; 1855-59,
Samuel F. Powers; 1859-61, Frederick Agthe; 1861-64, Edward
Ambuhl; 1864-66, Stephen 0. Spencer; 1866-69, Lyman F.
Brown; 1869-72, Theodore H. A. Martens; 1872-74, Saverio
D'Anna; 1874-75, Anthony B. Guernsey; 1875-78, Maximilian
M. Sterne; 1878-81, William Jost; 1881-85, Carl E. Cranz; 1885-
93, Albert A. Mack; 1893-94, Charles M. Landon; 1894-95, Fred
erick M. Lillebridge; 1895-98, John J. Woottan; 1898-1901, Al-
mon W. Vincent; 1901-07, George Wilson; 1907-11, Harry
Horsfall; 1911-14, J. Noel Brunton; 1914-18, Fritz Read; 1918,
J. Noel Brunton.

The Conservatory of Music was erected in 1890 and is one
of the best equipped in Canada. The musical directors have al
ways been ably supported by expert instructors in violin, piano,
pipe-organ and vocal culture.

In 1894, a handsome stone structure, known as the Museum
of Fine Arts, was erected to house the treasures of the Owens'

376 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Art collection, brought from St. John, and valued at over $75,000.
This beautiful building was formally opened in May, 1895, by
His Honor, Josiah Wood, Esq., Lieut.-Governor of New Bruns
wick. With the coming of the Art collection was accompanied
John Hammond, Esq., R. C. A., a distinguished artist as its
director and principal. He now holds the rank of Professor Em
eritus, but still takes a practical interest in its success. Miss
Elizabeth McLeod, who has, for a long time, been connected with
the school, is the principal instructor and is ably assisted by ex
perts in designing, perspective, drawing, modeling, etching, paint
ing, china painting, wood carving, metal working, leather tooling
and basketry.

Through the generosity of the late Mrs. Massey-Treble, of
Toronto, a well-equipped Household Science Department was
organized in 1903, under the direction of Miss Ethel M. Eadie,
succeeded by Miss Mabel Govenlock, under whose capable direc
tion the department became well established and attractive to
many of the students. Three teachers devote their whole time
to imparting instruction in the vitally important subjects con
nected with this department. Miss Ethel Roach is the present
capable head of this department. Valuable instruction in die
tetics is imparted.

The department of Oratory and Vocal Culture has proved
itself to be both popular and eminently useful and has always
been under the direction of experts. The present capable head of
this department is Miss Ida M. Leslie, who has been connected
with the College since 1917. Much attention is given to the Phy
sical Education of the pupils so that their well trained minds
may be supported by sound and healthy bodies.

The residential and family conditions, in connection with
which so many bright young people are brought together into
community life, are calculated to cultivate unselfishness, self-
control, and right relations with others, which education cannot
fail to be of great practical value in after years.

Whilst the ornamental branches are given due attention, the
aim of the College is to give to its pupils a sound, practical, gen
eral education, the best interests of body, mind, and spirit being
concurrently cultivated.

Through the generous bequests of the late Jainis Hart, Esq.,
of Halifax, the beautiful stone structure, known as Jairus Hart
Hall, was erected in 1910, affording much needed increased ac
commodation. In 1920, a fine new addition to Hart Hall was

MOUNT ALLISON INSTITUTIONS 377

erected at a cost of $50,000, so that there is now capacity for the
comfortable housing of two hundred and twenty. A splendid op
portunity for the erection of a worthy and enduring monument
to himself is awaiting some philanthropist of means in the de
sirability of replacing the central wooden portion of the old
Academy with a stone structure in harmony with Hart Hall.

Our space will only allow us to give but briefest summary of
the history of this splendid Institution. The time is due when an
extended, illustrated, history of the Mount Allison Institutions
should be published.

MOUNT ALLISON UNIVERSITY

After referring to the contributions of Mr. Charles F. Allison
for the building of the Academy and the Ladies' College, the
"Historical Sketch" in the University Calendar says: — "In his
last will and testament he made provision to assist in the found
ing of the college, and in the year 1858 an Act was passed by the
Legislature of New Brunswick authorizing the Trustees of the
"Mount Allison Wesleyan Academy," under certain specified
conditions, to establish and put in operation at Sackville a de
gree-conferring institution under the name and style of "The
Mount Allison Wesleyan College". On account of Mr. Allison's
death and for other reasons there was some delay in fulfilling the
required conditions, but in 1862 a collegiate organization was
effected and the work of instruction began with five professors
and a tutor. A new building was ready in 1863 which, changed
in position and otherwise, is now the Science Hall. Several stu
dents having been admitted to advanced standing on the basis of
studies and examination in connection with the higher classes of
the Academy, the first College Class was graduated in 1863."

The first graduates were Howard Sprague and Josiah Wood,
the first of whom reached distinction in the Church and the latter
in the State.

In 1886, the corporate name of the institution was changed
to "The University of Mount Allison", and in 1913, it was
amended to "The Regents of Mount Allison".

In 1872, the grant from the Legislature of New Brunswick
was withdrawn and an endowment fund of over $60,000 was rais
ed. In 1881, the withdrawal of the grant by the Government of
Nova Scotia made necessary another appeal for increased en
dowment and $50,000 were added, contributions of $10,000 each

378 HISTORY OF METHODISM

being made by Josiah Wood, Esq., one of the first graduates,
Alexander Gibson, Esq., of Marysville, N. B., and Z. Chipman,
Esq., of St. Stephen, N. B.

In 1884, Centennial Hall was built containing excellent class
rooms, chapel, library, and offices.

In 1886, the chair of Classics was endowed by Josiah Wood,
Esq., as "The Wood Chair of Classics." A University Residence,
a large brick building, situated on ground leased from George T.
Bowser, Esq., was opened for students in 1894. It was burned in
June, 1899. In 1899-1900 the present University Residence was
built on the site of the previous building.

In 1896 a bequest of $100,000 was received from the Execu
tors of the estate of Hart A. Massey, Esq., of Toronto. A part
of this was apportioned as an endowment of a chair to be called
the Hart A. Massey Chair of Philosophy.

In 1898 George T. Bowser, Esq., of Sackville, bequeathed to
the University all his valuable property, consisting of house and
lands adjoining the University, marsh and woodlands, subject to
an annuity to his widow.

By his will Ambrose Bent, Esq., of Paradise, N. S., left to
the University, on the decease of his wife, the sum of $10,000 as
a memorial to his son, W. Malcolm Bent, of the class of '96.

In 1903, the McClelan School of Applied Science was open
ed. This was made possible largely through the generosity of
Hon. A. R. McClelan, Riverside, N. B., then Lieutenant-Govern
or of the Province.

In 1907 Jairus Hart, Esq., of Halifax, N.S., a generous friend
and Regent for many years, left in his will gifts to the Ladies'
College and University, and made Mount Allison one of three
residuary legatees. Through this a sum of nearly $73.000 was
added to the University Endowment.

The Charles Fawcett Memorial Hall was erected in 1910 by
Mrs. Frederick Ryan and Mr. Charles W. Fawcett in memory of
their father. It occupies the site of the former residence of
Charles F. Allison.

Lingley Hall, moved in 1912 to the end of the athletic
grounds next to the Residence, was enlarged and fitted up as a
gymnasium. It was burned in January, 1921, and a new build
ing was erected during the summer of that year.

In 1913 a campaign for a further endowment of $200,000 was
organized. To this appeal there was a generous response. Pay
ments, distributed over a number of years, are still being made.

MOUNT ALLISON INSTITUTIONS 379

In 1920 the Ford Hotel was leased as a Residence for women,
known as Allison Hall.

In order to provide funds for the erection of buildings and
to secure endowment to increase the salaries of the teaching staff,
an appeal was made in February, 1921, for additional funds.
Over a quarter of a million dollars was subscribed and a substan
tial addition was made to the salaries of the Professors. Chairs
were endowed by S.M. Brookfield, Esq., Joseph Allison, Esq., and
by Col. Frank B. Black in memory of his father, the late Joseph
L. Black."

Important gifts made at various times as a permanent en
dowment for Students' Aid Funds, Prizes and Scholarships have
proved a grateful help to needy students and a stimulus to all.

The University maintains complete and efficient Faculties
in Arts, Science and Theology, and confers all the degrees ap
propriate thereto. Mt. Allison University is affiliated with Mc-
Gill University and the Nova Scotia Technical College in
Applied Science, with Dalhousie Medical School, the medical
faculty of McGill, and also with Oxford and Cambridge Univer
sities, so that work done in Mt. Allison is accepted in the extend
ed courses of study in all of these Universities and Colleges.

In 1888, President Inch was notified that the Executive of
the General Council of Medical Examination and Registration
of the United Kingdom had resolved "That the examinations for
a degree in Arts of the University of Mount Allison College, N.
B., be recognized and added to the list of preliminary examin
ations accepted by the Council." This action was due to the ex
ceptional success of Mount Allison Students at Edinburgh and
other British Universities.

Mount Allison University has been most fortunate in the
personnel and ability of its Presidents. The list is as follows:
1862-69, Rev. Humphrey Pickard, A. M., D. D.; 1869-78, David
Allison, A. M., LL. D.; 1878-91, James R. Inch, A. M., LL. D.;
1891-1911, (2nd term), David Allison, A. M., LL. D.; 1911-1923,
Rev. Byron C. Borden, A.M., D.D., D.C.L., LL.D.; 1923, George
J. Trueman, A.M., Ph.D.

Humphrey Pickard was a notable man as a strong personal
ity, scholar, educator, organizer, administrator, and reformer.
He had the gift of leadership. Born at Fredericton, N. B., in
1813, he was educated at Wilbraham Academy and Middletown
University, entered the ministry in 1835, and in November, 1842,
was appointed to the Principalship of the Wesleyan Academy,

380 HISTORY OF METHODISM

about to be opened at Sackville. Here he continued for nearly
twenty-seven years, and during all that time as the Institutions
expanded under his vigorous administration — first by the estab
lishment of the Ladies' Academy in 1854, and of the University
in 1862 — his was the presiding mind and the controlling power
of our Educational Work in the Maritime Provinces. He had
much to do in the establishment of The Wesleyan and the Sup
ernumerary Fund. He. for some years, held the offices of Book
Steward and Editor. Twice he was elected to the Presidency of
the Conference, and twice he crossed the Atlantic as representa
tive to the British Conference. He took an active part in the
Temperance Reformation. He was a many-sided man, a pioneer
who laid solid foundations and whose memory should be grate
fully kept green by succeeding generations. He passed away at
Sackville, on Feb. 28th, 1890. in the 77th year of his age, but he
is living still in the great schools whose planting he superintend
ed.

David Allison was born at Newport, N. S., in 1836, was ed
ucated at Dalhousift (1852), Mount Allison Academy (1853-56),
Middletown, Conn. (B.A. in 1859), graduating at the head of an
exceptionally able class, specializing in classics. He taught for
a short term in the old academy. Stanstead, Quebec, returning to
Mount Allison Academy as teacher in 1860, professor of classics
in the newly organized college in 1862, and was made president
in 1869, on the retirement of Dr. Pickard. After a notable in
cumbency, he was. in March, 1878, appointed to succeed Dr. A.
S. Hunt as General Superintendent of Education for Nova Scotia,
at the age of forty-one years. He discharged the duties of this
high office with much satisfaction to the government and public
until 1891 when, on the acceptance of a similar office in New
Brunswick bv President Inch, he responded to the invitation of
the Board of Governors to resume the office of President of
Mount Allison University and continued to discharge its duties
till 1911 when he resigned and was succeeded bv the Rev. Bvron
C. Borden, D.D., Principal of the Ladies' College. Dr. Allison
was a man of striking personality, great energy, and commanding
abilitv. In his prime he was a magnetic leader and a prince
among teachers. As student. Professor, and President he was in-
timatelv and influentially associated with Mount Allison for the
long period of fortv-four years. He died in Halifax on February
20th, 1924. in his 88th year, and was buried at Sackville, where
he had spent so many years of his influential life.

MOUNT ALLISON INSTITUTIONS 381

James R. Inch was born at Petersville, N. B,, in 1835, was
educated at Fredericton and Mount Allison, graduating B. A., in
1864, M. A., in 1867, and receiving the honorary degree of LL.D.
in 1878. After teaching English and French in the Academy for
a number of years, he was made Vice-Principal in residence, of
the Ladies' College, in 1864, and Principal, in 1869, in which ca
pacity he rendered distinguished service (see notes on Ladies'
College) until 1878 when he became President of the University.
In connection with this responsible position he manifested the
same high ability which characterized his administration of the
affairs of the Ladies' College. During his term of office, the en
dowment fund was largely increased and the Centennial Hall,
with its excellent class-rooms, erected. Dr. Inch resigned the
Presidency in 1891 to become Chief Superintendent of Education
in New Brunswick, which high office he ably filled till the latter
part of 1909 when, to the great regret of all parties, he resigned
taking up his residence at Sackville. To few men has it been
granted to fill in the lengthened period of sixty years of continu
ous educational work, with such distinguished ability, in any
country. Dr. Inch was a man of striking appearance and com
manding personality, a Christian gentleman, a devout member
of the church, and a continuous member of the highest court of
his church from 1878 until his decease. He died, following an
operation, at Highland View Hospital, Amherst, on October 13th,
1912, aged seventy-seven, much lamented.

Following the conclusion of Dr. Allison's second term of
office, in 1911, Rev. Dr. Byron C. Borden, Principal of the La
dies' College, was elected President of the University, and
immediately began to exhibit those qualities of good, practical
judgment and enterprise which made his administration of the
affairs of the Ladies' College such an eminent success. During
his term the endowment was increased more than a quarter of a
million dollars, faculties were strengthened, and more liberal sal
aries secured for the professors. As student, Principal, and Pre
sident, Dr. Borden spent forty years in association with Mount
Allison doing honor both to himself and his Alma Mater. He
was held in high esteem in the inter-collegiate world and as a
result his name is heavy-laden with the adornments of D.D.,
D.C.L. and LL.D. ,

Dr. Borden was born of United Empire stock, at Avonport,
N. S., and, in his well-earned retirement, has taken residence at
Annapolis Royal.

382 HISTORY OF METHODISM

In casting about for a worthy successor to the foregoing
worthies, attention was directed, with unanimity, to George J.
Trueman, M.A., Ph.D., a native of Point de Bute, N. B., and a
graduate of Mount Allison, who had won for himself a good re
port in the educational world. After winning success as Principal
of the Riverside Consolidated School, Albert Co., N. B., he was
chosen, in 1908, to succeed Rev. Dr. Flanders as Principal of
Stanstead Wesleyan College, Quebec, which office he discharged
with much ability for twelve years, when he became Associate-
Secretary in the Educational Department of the work within the
bounds of the General Conference of the Methodist Church. His
administrative and field work received the high commendation of
the constituency and, in 1923. on the retirement of Dr. Borden,
he was unanimously chosen for the Presidency of the University.
He has already justified the confidence of the Board of Govern
ors and the outlook for the University, under his leadership, is
most encouraging.

Space will not permit us to make lengthened reference to
the many professors who have so nobly contributed to the suc
cess of the University but it would be inexcusable not to pay
some tribute to their personal service. Of those not already men
tioned the name of Thomas Pickard is suggested. The first pro
fessor of mathematics, he was well qualified for his work and
was a most painstaking teacher. He was succeeded by Richard
C. Weldon, M.A., Ph.D., an able scholar, skillful teacher, and
striking personality. A graduate of the class of 1866, he pursued
post-graduate studies abroad and returned to give several years
of splendid service to his Alma Mater, until he was called to the
position of Dean of the Law School of Dalhousie University
which he created, a post of great responsibility, which he so ably
filled that his retirement caused profound regret and called forth
many expressions of high appreciation from those most intimate
ly acquainted with him. Another of the early staff was Dr. John
Burwash, versatile, equally at home in theology, natural science,
or mathematics, an eloquent preacher and an ardent sportsman
with rod and gun. Dr. Burwash came from Ontario and, after
years of devoted service at Mount Allison, returned to Toronto,
and held a place on the staff of Victoria University.

A name ever to be remembered by the students between 1871
and 1916 is that of Alfred D. Smith', M.A., LL.D., Professor of
Classics, very human, friendly, witty, scholarly, acquainted with
every student and his pedigree, devoted to his Alma Mater and

MOUNT ALL/ISON INSTITUTIONS 383

ambitious for the welfare of all his students — a unique and
wholesome character who gave youth a stimulus towards the best
things.

Next we come to Sidney W. Hunton, M.A., Professor of
Mathematics for forty-one years, who was educated at the Ot
tawa Collegiate and McGill University, winning, while at the
latter, the famous Gilchrist Scholarship, which caused him to
proceed to University College, London, where he won high hon
ors. He afterwards took short courses in Cambridge and Heidle-
berg and became Assistant Professor of Mathematics at Univer
sity College, London, which position he resigned, in 1883, to
accept the Chair of Mathematics at Mount Allison. He has
splendidly honored the position and in turn has been honored by
the large number of exceptionally able students who have left
his classes to take positions of importance in the scientific world.
Prof. Hunton is held in affection and high esteem by more than
an average generation of students in all of whose various activi
ties he has ever taken an active interest. During one hour, in his
first year, his prospect of making such a long record was very
doubtful. He and Prof. G. J. Leard (who spent one year at Mt.
A.) went canoeing on Silver Lake (what old students knew as
Morice's Pond) when a dog which they had with them jumped
out of the canoe and in doing so upset it so that the Professors
were precipitated into the water, rescue coming to them when
they were about exhausted.

Another brilliant Gilchrist scholar follows Prof. Hunton as
a long term professor — William Morley Tweedie, M.A. After a
distinguished course at Mount Allison he captured the first prize
in the B. A. examinations of the University of Halifax, and won
a Gilchrist Scholarship before he was twenty years of age stand
ing next to the highest among the world-wide matriculants, car
rying off many prizes and honors at University College, London.
In the fall of 1887, he returned to Mount Allison as Professor of
English Language and Literature, and has thus spent thirty-
seven years in office. A brilliant and progressive student, a thor
ough teacher, demanding strenuous endeavor on the part of his
pupils, his class-rooms are always crowded. Professors Hunton
and Tweedie belong to the exclusive Gilchrist caste, being quite
satisfied with their plain B. A. or M. A., and have refused any
further honorary decorations. They are our intellectual Brah
mins. The only fault found with Professor Tweedie is his failure,
thus far, to extend the family tree.

284 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Another long-term Professor, whose memory is affectionate
ly cherished was the late Rev. Dr, Wilbur W. Andrews, who came
to Mount Allison in 1891 as Professor of Chemistry and Experi
mental Physics and remained for twenty-one years until called
to the presidency of a college at Regina, Sask. Of most kindly
character, a cheery optimist, an enthusiastic teacher, an eager
scholar, an eloquent speaker, he was beloved by all who were as
sociated with him and no students could come under his influence
without being, more or less, inspired by his own high ideals. He
died at Regina, August 6th, 1922, aged sixty-three years.

William L. Goodwin, D.Sc., a student of Mount Allison, who
captured the Gilchrist Scholarship in 1877, and, having pursued a
very successful course of study in some of the most celebrated
Universities of Europe, returned to his Alma Mater in 1882 as
Professor of Chemistry and Experimental Physics but only re
mained till 1884 when he was enticed to accept a similar position
in Queen's University, Kingston, Ont. He is now in the employ
of the Ontario government in the department of mines.

J. W. Crowell, B.S., C.E., came to Mount Allison in 1906, as
Professor of Civil Engineering and rendered faithful and efficient
service till 1920 when he resigned.

Dr. Harold E. Bigelow, an honor graduate in Science of the
class of 1903, after taking a post graduate course in Harvard
University, returned to Mount Allison as Professor of Chemistry,
and, after a few years of efficient service, was made Dean of the
Faculty of Science. Supported by experts he has had the great
satisfaction of seeing many of the students of this School of
Applied Science attaining high standing and capturing many
prizes at McGill University and other senior technical colleges.
Prof. H.W. McKiel, B.A., B.Sc., joined the Science Faculty in the
following year and continues to command the appreciation of
Governors and students. Dr. Frank Wheelock came in on the
same year and after rendering excellent service resigned in 1917
taking a similar position in Acadia University.

Other Professors of different Faculties came for short terms
and did good work. Among them were Professors Hult, McClung,
Killam, Sweetzer, Dawson, McKay, Perkins, Given, Dwight, Mc-
Kee and Garton.

At this time of writing the different Faculties are well man
ned. Besides those mentioned the following came in the order
named: Dr. James W. Cohoon (1915) Classics; Dr. Roy B. Lid-
dy (1915), Philosophy; Dr. John Line (1916), Commerce and

MOUNT ALLISON INSTITUTIONS 385

Economics; Dr. C. C. Delano (1917), Greek and Romance Lan
guages; Frank L. West, B.A., B.Sc., (1920), Engineering; Roy
Eraser, B.S.A., M.A., (1921), Biology; Donald G. MacGregor,
B.A., (1923), Physics. All these men command the confidence
and esteem of the University community and are inspiring lead
ers in their different fields of study. Principal Palmer, of whom
special mention is made in Academy notes, was for many years
the efficient Professor of French in the University.

Rhodes Scholarships, tenable at Oxford University for three
years and of the value of £300 per annum have been won by the
following students of Mount Allison: — 1905, Frank P. Day;
1907, G. Douglas Rogers; 1910, Lloyd Dixon; 1912, Frank M.
Smith; 1914, William H. Irving; 1917, Wilfrid T. Dawson; 1920,
George F. Skinner; 1923, Reginald MacDougall ; 1926, Kenneth
B. Palmer; 1905, Arthur J. Motyer, representing Bermuda, and
the following representing Newfoundland: 1912, Pierson V. Cur
tis; 1916, Malcolm Hallett; 1920, W. G. Guy, B.Sc., B.A.

Many Mount Allison students have distinguished themselves
in the varied liberal professions and in the commercial and po
litical life of the Dominion of Canada and beyond.

In connection with the examinations of the short-lived, non-
teaching University of Halifax, Mount Allison students dis
tinguished themselves carrying off three fourths of the prizes.
At the first B. A. examinations, in 1878, John W. Prestwood and
W. L. Goodwin secured the first and second places. In 1879,
eight candidates, from all colleges, went up for exams, four were
plucked, and the first and second places of those who passed were
Samuel C. Murray and S. Dunn Scott of Mount Allison. In 1880
only five students, in all, went up for the exams four of whom
were from Mount Allison — W. Morley Tweedie, Harrison A. Mc-
Keown, J. Clarence Webster, and Harriet S. Stewart, securing
first, second, fourth and fifth places. Although this University
invited the competition of students from all the colleges, it was
not generally patronized, but in what competition took place
Mount Allison students distinguished themselves, capturing $395
from the total prize list of $470, and brought high honor to their
Alma Mater.

Among the Mount Allison students who became Presidents
or Professors of other colleges were the following: W. L. Good
win, Science Professor, Queens, Kingston, Ont.; R. C. Weldon,
Dean of Dalhousie Law School ; T. T. Davis, Principal of Acad
emy, Portland, Oregon; B. Chappell, Prof, in Tokyo Missionary

386 HISTORY OF METHODISM

College; Frank W. Nicolson, Prof, of Classics, Wesleyan, Mid-
dletown, Conn. ; Raymond C. Archibald, Prof, of Mathematics at
Brown University; H. M. Tory, President Alberta University;
Albert M. Sanford, President of New Westminster, B. C., Col
lege; H. E. England, Prof, at N. S. Normal School and Montreal
Protestant Schools; Frank P. Day, Dean of Carnegie Institute,
Pittsburgh ; R. R. Gates, Prof, of Botany in King's College, Lon
don; Lawrence Killam, Prof, of Engineering in B. C. College; W.
P. Bell, Philosophy Prof, at Harvard; Aubrey S. Tuttle, Presi
dent of Alberta Theological College; S. Douglas Killam, Prof, of
Mathematics in Alberta University; J. Harold Fitch, Prof, in
N. S. Normal; Cedric Ryan, Prof, of mechanical engineering in
B. C.; Charles Robb, Prof, in Alberta University; Julia Colpitts,
Prof, of Mathematics, in State College, Ames, Iowa; Elmer Col
pitts, Prof, of Mathematics in State College, State of Washing
ton; McKnight, Prof, mechanical engineering in Nova Scotia
Technical College; Egerton R. Brecken, Prof, in West China
University. Mr. Justice Russell (recently retired), a Mt. A.
graduate of 1868 was for some years Professor in the Dalhousie
Law School.

MOUNT ALLISON'S HONOR ROLL

The following is the list of Mount Allison University stu
dents who were killed in action or died in service during the great
World War: — Lyman Anglin, Robert McL. Armstrong, Rupert
Bartlett, Harlan W. Borden, Gordon V. Boone, Frederick C.
Burchell, S. M. Brown, A. N. Carter, Joseph L. Clark, Bert
Cooper, A. F. Craig, Harold C. Davis, Harold G. Davison,
Eric R. Dennis, Clifford Drummond, Charles D. Edgecombe,
St. Clair Elderkin, Vernon Elderkin, P. L. Findley, George
Gear, John L. Godwin, Colin C. Gray, William F. Hale,
John M. Hensley, Frank M. Hughes, David Jardine, J. Coleman
Jordan, John Judkins, Erskine Lindsay, J. Earle Lockerby, Ter-
rence Lockwood, Ronald S. Machum, Geo. T. Metherall, Gordon
Mott, A. J. Motyer, Donald R. Munro, Arthur H. MacKay, Ken
neth K. MacKenzie, Geo. McKiel, Miss Rena McLean, Donald
E. McMillan, Hubert P. Osborne, Harold G. Pearson, Edward C.
Peters, Walter W. Pickup, Ralph W. Phalen, Richard W. Poole,
Thomas H. Pirie, Ernest M. Pringle, Harry H. Reinhardt, Nelson
Richardson, Walter T. Ruggles, Cecil P. Smith, Ralph Snow,
Alexander M. Seaman, Lewis M. Southgate, Albert Stephensonr

MOUNT ALLISON INSTITUTIONS 387

John C. Sutherland, Harry B. Swetnam, Henrv A. Tattrie, Roy
E. Tower, Donald M. Trapnell, Roland F. Turner, E. H. Welch,
Norman Wetmore, A. Tristrian White, William A. Winsor, Ar
thur Winsor.

THEOLOGICAL FACULTY

It was intended from the first that suitable training for can
didates for the ministry should be provided at Mount Allison as
soon as financial circumstances would permit, and, in 1859, the
Conference deemed it imperative that immediate provision
should be made for the organization of a theological department.
An endowment fund for the maintenance of the "Charles F. Alli
son Professorship" received such encouragement that, in 1860,
Rev. Charles DeWolfe, A.M., then stationed at Sackville, was
requested to take the oversight of such candidates for the min
istry as were then pursuing their studies at the Academy. In
the following year he was appointed the first theological profes
sor, and the degree of D. D. was conferred upon him by Acadia
College of which he was a graduate. Dr. DeWolfe was a re
markable man, of deep learning, a silver-tongued orator, of pol
ished wit and classic speech. Born at Wolfville, in 1815, he was
educated at Acadia College, and was studying law in Halifax
when he was converted and although brilliant prospects presented
themselves from the legal profession he relinquished them all and
offered himself as a candidate for the Methodist ministry, when
he sailed for England to pursue his studies at Hoxton Theological
Institution, a fellow-student of William Arthur and John Hunt.
He was ordained in City Road Chapel, in September, 1838, and
sent out to Yarmouth where great success attended his ministry.
After serving in Halifax, Windsor, Charlottetown, Montreal, and
other places he was found, at Sackville, to suit the need of the
church in 1860. Through failing health he was obliged to retire
in 1870, returning to Wolfville, his native place, where he died
greatly lamented, on June 9th, 1875. He was President of the
Conference of Eastern British America in 1863.

Rev. Charles Stewart, D.D., his successor, was born in Glas
gow, Scotland, in 1827, and died at Sackville on August 24th,
1910, in his 84th year, having spent eighteen years in circuit
work and forty years in connection with the Mount Allison In
stitutions, thirty-three as Professor and Dean of Theology, and
seven in lesser labors as Professor of Homiletics and Pastoral

388 HISTORY DP METHODISM

Theology. He was a godly man, of deep convictions, conserva
tive views and most industrious habits. He had a heart of gold
and his personal contact with young ministers in their rooms, as
well as in the class room, made lasting impressions for good upon
them, gratefully acknowledged in after years. He was trusted
and honored by his Conference as its President and its represen
tative to the British Conference and many General Conferences.

In 1875-76, the Faculty of Theology was formally organized
and a B. D. course outlined. Dr. Stewart was the Dean and sev
eral of the Arts Faculty co-operated in the work of the Theology
Faculty.

Rev. Charles H. Paisley, A.M., D.D., succeeded Dr. Stewart
as Dean of Theology. Born in Fredericton, in 1843, he graduated
in Arts from the University of New Brunswick, entered the min
istry in 1866, engaged in circuit work, mostly in New Brunswick,
till, beginning with 1879, he spent five years in the "Male Acad
emy" as Principal. Then he took a year of absence for study in
Scotland and returned to circuit work in 1885. In 1896, he was
appointed to the chair of Church History and N. T. Exegesis, at
Mount Allison, and in 1902, on the retirement of Dr. Stewart
from full work, he was appointed Dean of the Faculty, the duties
of which he discharged with marked ability. Dr. Paisley was a
prince among teachers, accurate in scholarship, industrious in
habit, persevering in purpose, and unswerving in devotion to
duty. He was honored by his Conference with the Presidency
and received many other tokens of the high esteem in which he
was held by his brethren. He passed away very suddenly on
January 20th, 1908.

Rev. Howard Sprague, A.M., D.D., succeeded Dr. Paisley in
1908, as Dean and Professor of Systematic Theology and New
Testament Exegesis. He was a son of the Rev. Samuel W.
Sprague and was born at Lower Island Cove, Newfoundland, in
1843. He had a brilliant career at college and was one of the
first graduates of Arts from Mount Allison. He had a disting
uished ministry being considered one of the ablest preachers in
Canada. He was held in much honor by his brethren having re
ceived the highest gifts at their bestowal. After the disastrous
fire which swept the city of St. John in 1877 he was sent to Great
Britain to appeal for aid and to rebuild the churches. In 1882,
he was appointed Fraternal Delegate from the General Confer
ence to the Methodist Episcopal Church South. He was held in

MOUNT ALLISON INSTITUTIONS 389

very high esteem by the students who passed through his classes.
He passed away on October 29th, 1916, much lamented.

Rev. Ralph Brecken, A.M., D.D., one of Mount Allison's
most talented sons, one of the most pleasing and inspiring
preachers of Canadian Methodism, one of its most loved and
esteemed ministers, and one of the most generous benefactors of
Mount Allison was for some years Professor of Homiletics on the
Theological Faculty with honor to himself and profit to the stu
dents. Because of delicate health he retired early and after
spending some years in Toronto passed away in that city on Aug
ust 28th, 1907. During his term as Principal of the Ladies' Col
lege, the late Rev. George M. Campbell, D.D., rendered good
service in the Theological Faculty.

Thus much for the worthy dead who, besides the professors
in the Arts course, have rendered excellent service to the Church
in fitting its young preachers to become efficient ministers of the
Gospel. More than four hundred theological students have pass
ed through this school since its inception and they are found in
every land.

It may not be amiss to make some reference to the living
who have for some years been honorably connected with the
Theological Faculty. Rev. W. Gladstone Watson, B.A., B.D.,
D.D., Registrar of the Theological Faculty and Professor of Old
Testament Exegesis and English Bible, was born at Weston, Ont.,
graduated in Arts from Toronto University in 1891, and in di
vinity from Victoria University as gold medallist of his year,
took post graduate work in Hebrew at Toronto University, spent
three years in circuit work, and came to Mount Allison in 1903
as Professor of Systematic Theology and Old Testament Litera
ture and has continued to date (1925) to render devoted and
efficient service to the college and the church. He is a member
of the New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island Conference and
has been honored with its presidency.

Rev. Frederick W. W. DesBarres, B.A., Professor of Church
History, was born at Guysboro, N. S. ; graduated from Mount
Allison, with honors, in 1889; entered the ministry in 1890; after
spending some years in circuit work, including terms at St.
John's, Nfld., and Sydney, N. S., had leave of absence for two
years of study in Great Britain, and came to Mount Allison in
1909 as Professor of English Bible and Apologetics, and has done
most conscientious and appreciated service ever since. This
modest brother has declined honors from his Conference but

390 HISTORY OF METHODISM

stands in the high esteem of his brethren. Prof. DesBarres also
holds the responsible positions of Librarian and Secretary of the
Faculty and the Senate.

Rev. Roy B. Liddy, M.A., B.D., Ph.D., came to Mount Alli
son in 1915. Born at Bradford, Ontario, educated at Victoria
College and the University of Toronto, with special graduate
studies in Chicago, Columbia, and Union Theological Seminary,
New York, he came well-equipped to teach Philosophy both in
the Arts and Theological Faculties. Mr. and Mrs. Liddy have
also rendered excellent service to the Institutions in their position
as Guardians of Allison Hall in which, for some years, the lady
students of the University have been domiciled.

Rev. John Line, M.A., B.D., S.T.D., came to the University
in the following year (1916). Born in Buckingham, England, he
came to Newfoundland as a probationer for the ministry, thence
went to Toronto taking Arts in the University of Toronto, The
ology at Victoria College, and later took his S. T. D. at Wesleyan
Theological College, Montreal. After leaving Victoria he took
circuit work in the Toronto Conference till called to Mount Alli
son. Dr. Line has done considerable outside work, being in de
mand as a preacher and lecturer. He won the prize of $500 offer
ed by Trinity College, Melbourne, for the best essay on New
Testament Criticism and Inspiration. The essay is to be publish
ed by the Epworth Press, London. Dr. Line ably fills the dual
places of Professor of Systematic Theology and Professor of
Economics in the Arts course.

Rev. A. D. Miller, M.A., B.D., presently Prof, of 0. T. Lan
guage and Literature in Alberta Theological College, spent the
year 1908-09 at Mount Allison as temporary supply during the
absence of Prof. DesBarres and highly commended himself to
the University family. Prof. King and Prof. H. S. B. Strothard
for short terms gave part time to the teaching of Religious Edu
cation, when not away from Sackville in the discharge of their
duties as travelling secretaries of the Religious Education De
partment of the church.

THE BOOK ROOM AND THE WESLEYAN 391

CHAPTER VII

THE BOOK ROOM AND THE WESLEYAN

No section of the church has made a larger and happier use
of literature than Methodism has done. Mr. Wesley, very early,
began circulating useful literature. His followers in the United
States and Canada, from the beginning, copied after him. In
these provinces, the teaching of Calvin strongly tinctured the re
ligious literature of the early settlers, so that the Methodist itin
erants found it necessary, facing strong prejudices, to import and
write and circulate a new kind of literature to support the doc
trines which they preached. Thus nearly all the early itinerants
were colporteurs as well as preachers. The need of a depository,
in some central place, for the sale of Methodist and friendly lit
erature was increasingly felt, until, in 1839, such a depot was
opened in the home of Rev. Charles Churchill, in Halifax, but it
ceased to exist after the lapse of a few years. A second attempt
was made, in 1852, by Rev. Alex. W. McLeod, and handed over
by him to the venerable William Croscombe, superannuated,
under whom it became rather an agency for orders than a depot
for sales. A similar depot was established in St. John in 1840
but ceased to exist in 1847. A year after the organization of the
Eastern British American Conference, a Book Room on a more
extended scale was established in Halifax, with a branch in St.
John. The latter was discontinued after a few years. In 1873,
the Halifax Book Room removed from its dingy quarters on Ar-
gyle Street to 119 Granville Street and in 1881 to 141 Granville
Street where it has continued until this present. For many years
the offices of Book Steward and Editor of The Wesleyan were
combined until 1879 when they were separated. Since that date
the office of Book Steward has been filled as follows: 1879, Dr.
H. Pickard; 1880, S. F. Huestis; 1908, F. W. Mosher; 1923, E. J.
Vickery.

Dr. Pickard was a many-sided man who adapted himself to
a great variety of service for the church he loved and whatever
he undertook to do he did well. Rev. Stephen F. Huestis, after
twenty-two years of devoted and fruitful circuit ministry, dis
charged the difficult duties of Book Steward with great fidelity
for the long period of twenty-eight years, thus rounding out fifty

392 HISTORY OF METHODISM

years in active service. Mr. F. W. Mosher, the first layman
formally to hold the office of Book Steward, after serving under
Dr. Huestis for fifteen years succeeded him in office and faithful
ly discharged its duties for fifteen more years until 1923 when he
resigned to engage in another business and was succeeded by Mr.
E. J. Vickery who had long previous experience in the book busi
ness under his own name in Yarmouth, and which he handed over
to his son, assuming the duties of Book Steward at the special
request of the Book Committee.

The Wesleyan — The early Methodist ministers of the Mari
time Provinces were heroic men. They were first of all evange
lists, but they never forgot that they were also to be educators.
True to the genesis and the genius of Methodism, they soon be
gan to dream of Colleges and the dissemination of religious lit
erature. They were colporteurs as well as preachers.

In the opening years of the last century, occasional sermons
and tractates, on controversial subjects, from their pens, began
to appear in print. These were followed by more pretentious
publications such as "Narrative of a Mission," by Joshua Mars-
den, "Memoirs of William Black," by Matthew Richey, and
"Memorials of Missionary Life in Nova Scotia," by Charles
Churchill.

In the twenties we find the names of William Temple and
Alexander W. McLeod connected with the religious departments
of weekly papers published by private parties in Halifax and St.
John. These men, and others, aspired to the publication of a de
nominational periodical, and in 1832, the first issue of a quarterly
journal appeared under the title of "The Nova Scotia and New
Brunswick Wesleyan Methodist Magazine." The historian says:
"The appearance of the Magazine immediately aroused opposi
tion on the part of the Missionary Committee in London which
feared, at once, an injurious effect upon the sale of the English
connexional periodicals, and an entanglement in any possible
loss. The secretaries, for these reasons, pronounced the action of
their missionaries unconstitutional, and demanded the immediate
discontinuance of the Magazine."

Whilst submitting, for the time, these men were so fully per
suaded of the necessity and value of a connexional organ that, in
1838, they began the publication of a small fortnightly eight-
page paper, called The Wesleyan, with Alexander W. McLeod as
Editor, assisted by Charles Churchill. It was issued from the

THE BOOK ROOM AND THE WES/LEYAN 393

press of William Cunnabell, Halifax. To quote again: "This
well-conducted paper ceased to appear in 1840, in consequence,
it is said, of influence exerted by the English Committee, which,
however, gave its official sanction to the publication, at St. John,
of a magazine for both districts.

In its final issue, The Wesleyan proposed the publication of
a paper to be called The Christian Herald, to be devoted to the
interests of science and religion, and of Wesleyan Methodism in
particular. This periodical, after a brief career, was, in turn,
suppressed by our ecclessiastical Downing Street.

Now appeared the British North American Wesleyan Metho
dist Magazine, begun in 1840 and published in St. John, under
the editorial management of Enoch Wood and William Temple,
followed by Humphrey Pickard, and continued, with the excep
tion of one year, till 1847, when it ceased to be published.

As "Truth crushed to earth will rise again," so the deep-rooted
convictions of our sturdy fathers refused to be suppressed, and
the sequel may be best expressed, as found in the history by T.
Watson Smith: — "The conviction that a weekly paper was an
imperative necessity to Provincial Methodism had now become
general. Humphrey Pickard, while in Britain in 1848 approach
ed the Secretaries and secured a promise of their sanction of such
a paper. Ephraim Evans, a former editor of the Christian
Guardian, who had been transferred to Nova Scotia as chairman
in 1848, also felt deeply the need of a denominational organ. A
little later, Alexander W. McLeod, prevented from going to New
foundland, as chairman, by the declining health of his wife, and
awaiting further instructions from England, was advised by
Ephraim Evans to commence the publication of a Methodist
paper. The responsibility of the movement having been assumed
by Messrs Evans and Pickard, the first number of the Wesleyan
appeared in April 1849. Seven fortnightly numbers met with
such approval that, with the somewhat reluctant consent of the
English authorities, it was continued as a weekly paper for
Maritime Methodism, with A. W. McLeod as editor. Of this
paper Dr. McLeod continued in charge until his regretted remov
al in 1854 to the United States. In July, 1852, under his manage
ment, it became a large four page paper, with the extended title
of The Provincial Wesleyan. On the removal of its earliest
editor, Matthew H. Richey, Esq., eldest son of Matthew Richey,
D.D., and in later years Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia,
took the editorial chair, retaining it until 1860, when Charles

394 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Churchill, previously book-steward, undertook the additional
task of editor." These men,

Rev. A. W. McLeod,
M. H. Richey, Esq.,
Rev. Charles Churchill,

of commanding talent, eloquent tongue, and facile pen, were fol
lowed by the

REV. JOHN McMuRRAY,

of Irish birth, who held office as Book Steward and Editor, from.
1862 to 69. Dr. McMurray was deeply versed in all that per
tained to the doctrine, polity and history of Methodism, and
always delighted to emphasize the great verities of evangelical
truth and experimental religion. The next occupant of the dual
office was

REV. HUMPHREY PICKARD,

of Puritan stock, who has left such a large and enduring mark
upon the educational, publishing and supernumerary interests of
our Church. With his characteristic ability and thoroughness he
discharged the duties of this office from 1869 to 73, assisted, in
the editorial work, by the able and practised pen of Rev. J. R.
Narraway of St. John. The venerable doctor was succeeded by

REV. ALEXANDER W. NICOLSON,

who ever seemed to carry about with him the brightness and
breeziness of the Western Isles of Scotland, in one of which he
was born. He occupied a prominent place in all the Councils of
the Church, and for the space of six years, 1873-79, performed
the various duties of Book Steward and Editor in a manner that
gave evidence of eminent executive ability and literary acumen.
In 1875, whilst under his control, the word provincial was drop
ped from the name of the paper, and it was also restored to its
eight-page form.

With the resignation of Mr. Nicolson, in 1879, the offices of
Book Steward and Editor were separated, Dr. Pickard being ap
pointed to the former and

REV. DUNCAN D. CURRIE,

to the latter position. Whatever clouds may have gathered over
the horizen of this man, in later life, in his palmy days he was a
man of commanding influence and great versatility. Fretting
under the restraints of office work, he continued in the editorial
chair for one year only, when he and his colleague resigned.

REV. T. WATSON SMITH,
the historian of Methodism in Eastern British America, now be-

THE BOOK ROOM AND THE W1BSLBYAN 395

came Editor, associated with Rev. S. F. Huestis as Book Stew
ard. Dr. Smith continued in office for six years, 1880-86, when,
in consequence of serious illness, he was compelled to resign in
August the venerable Dr. McMurray supplying until the mid
dle of December when Dr. Lathern took charge. Of Dr. Smith
his biographer says: "For editorial work he had unique qualifica
tions. He caught with ease the salient and critical points of
public and passing events. There was a judicious reticence when
that seemed a desirable policy, but a fearless and uncompromis
ing attitude in regard to moral issues and the paper

was made a power through the length and breadth of the land."

REV. JOHN LATHERN,

of an old Northumbrian family, next occupied the editorial chair,
continuing in office for more than seven years, 1887-95. Dr.
Lathern occupied a large place in the Methodism of these prov
inces by the sea. He filled numerous official and representative
positions with honor to himself and advantage to the church. As
a preacher he stood in the front rank. His intellectual powers
were of an high order, and whilst a devoted Methodist, he be
longed to all the churches, and was a most ardent advocate of
Christian unity.

In succession to this veteran came a younger man in the
person of the

REV. GEORGE J. BOND,

an honored son of Newfoundland, the first British North Ameri
can Colony to receive the Methodist evangel. Mr. Bond dis
charged the duties of his office, as editor of The Wesleyan, with
distinguished ability till called to the more commanding position
of Editor of The Christian Guardian. His term of office extend
ed from 1895 to 1902.

And now we come to the historic General Conference of
1902, meeting in Winnipeg, whose very atmosphere seemed to
be charged with enterprise and radical adventure including the
birth of the Church Union Movement. Amongst the innovations
was the election of an editor for the Guardian from the East and
for the Wesleyan from the West, the far West, in the person of

REV. JOHN MACLEAN,

a son of the heather, educated at Victoria University, a pioneer
preacher of the great North-land, a Christian voyageur and lit
terateur, an authority on Indian history and customs, and a bril
liant correspondent. He surprised the east in his unexpected
coming and also, at the end of one term, in his going. We

396 HISTORY OF METHODISM

thought he had come to stay, but a visit to the wide Western
prairies, his real home-land and the birth place of his children,
wrought such witchery with his affections that he at once pro
claimed that he could not remain away.

REV. D. W. JOHNSON

(the writer of this volume) succeeded Dr. MacLean and remain
ed in office sixteen years as Editor and one year as acting-Edi
tor, a period more than twice as long as the term of any of his
predecessors. By a General Conference rule no one who had
passed his 70th birthday at the time of the elections for General
Conference officials, could be eligible for office. The writer had
passed 70, by one day, when the elections occurred in 1922, and
therefore was not eligible for re-election, but as he had spent 49
years in the active work there was a general desire that he should
round out 50 years before retiring, and by the proposal of Rev.
H. E. Thomas, the editor-elect, and the concurrence of the Mari
time Conference, he remained in office until after the annual
Conferences of 1924, thus completing 17 years in the Wesley an
office and 50 in the ministry.

REV. HERBERT E. THOMAS

a native of St. John, and prominent in the councils of his Con
ference, assumed office in July, 1924, and has entered upon his-
work with good promise of making it a success.

CHUROH UNION • 397

CHAPTER VIII

CHURCH UNION

No subject has absorbed so much of the attention and con
cern of the church during the past quarter of a century as Church
Union has demanded. Volumes have been written concerning it
and many diverse opinions have been ventilated. We will not
discuss its merits or demerits but attempt to give an authentic
summary of its history. More than half a century ago a writer,
here and there, lamenting the divisions among Christians and
witnessing the development of our western country, was found
advocating closer co-operation, if not union, among communions
not much unlike in any essential features.

As far back as the Presbyterian General Assembly of 1899
a committee of six was appointed to meet and confer with re
presentatives of other evangelical Churches in seeking to co
operate so as to prevent overlapping in Home Mission fields.

When the General Conference of the Methodist Church met
in Winnipeg in September of 1902 the Revs. Principal Patrick,
Prof. Bryce, and C. W. Gordon, fraternal delegates from the
Presbyterian Church, addressed the Conference and thrilled its
members by declaring that, in view of the opening up of the
Great West, it was a sin for these two kindred Churches to re
main apart, and challenged the Conference to seek a closer rela
tionship. The Conference accepted the challenge and declared
itself in favor of a measure of organic unity wide enough to em
brace all the evangelical denominations in Canada. The resolu
tions wound up with the following: "That a representative com
mittee comprising the General Superintendent, seven ministers,
and seven laymen, be appointed to receive communications on
the subject of the foregoing resolutions from the churches nam
ed (Presbyterian and Congregational), confer with committees
that may be appointed by such churches, and report to the next
General Conference."

The resolution was submitted to the General Assembly of
1903 and by it referred to its committee on "Correspondence with
other churches." This committee met in April, 1904, with the
Methodist and Congregational committees and the united com-

398 HISTORY OF METHODISM

mittee reported: "We are of one mind that organic union is both
desirable and practicable, and we commend the whole subject to
the favorable consideration of the Churches concerned for such
action as they may deem wise and expedient." This finding was
reported to the General Assembly of June, 1904, which expressed
its gratification at the progress that had been made and "Espec
ially that the General Conference of The Methodist Church
should have adopted a deliverance breathing the truly Christian
spirit of the resolution which has been transmitted to the As
sembly."

The General Assembly, in effect, said: If these other Church
es mean business let them appoint committees large enough to
represent all interests of their work, and with some authority,
and let them meet with a similar committee from us to grapple
with the situation, and they appointed a committee of 60 minis
ters and laymen. The Methodist Church, through the General
Conference Special Committee, increased its committee from 15
to 60 and the Congregionalist appointed a committee of 30.

This large and influential committee had its first meeting
on Dec. 21st, 1904, in Knox Church, Toronto, and spent two
days, of three sessions each, in its deliberations, reaching the con
clusion that there were no insuperable barriers to union. It then
proceeded to appoint sub-committees on Doctrine, Polity, The
Ministry, Administration and Law, said sub-committees to con
sider their respective subjects during the year.

The second meeting of the joint committee was held in Dec.,

1905, and reported progress. The third meeting was held in Sept.,

1906, when three days were devoted to consideration of sub-com
mittee reports. At this meeting it was decided to invite the Ang
licans and Baptists to join in the negotiations. The Baptists de
clined, considering it "necessary to maintain a separate organized
existence," and "To propagate their views throughout the world."
The Anglican Church sent a friendly reply but was evidently
not ready to take any action.

The fourth Conference of the United Committee was held
in September of 1907 and the fifth, which lasted for three days, in
Dec., 1908. By this time the Basis of Union was completed and
the committee presented its work to the governing bodies of the
three churches, with the declared conviction that organic union
was practicable.

The General Assembly of 1909 adopted the first report of
the Union Committee expressing its feasibility of union, but de-

CHURCH UNION 399

cided that the Basis, when completed, should be sent down to the
people as a condition of union.

The Assembly held in Ottawa in 1911 asked for a vote of the
people which gave 113,000 for union and 50,733 against, in a total
membership of 298,616. The Assembly held in Edmonton in
1912, in view of the minority, halted the movement, but express
ed the hope of "practically unanimous action within a reason
able time." The Assembly (Kingston), 1915, after a pause of
three years, asked the people for a second vote, which gave 113,
600 for union and 73,735 against in a total membership of 338,-
322, showing that little more than half the membership had
enough interest in the matter to vote one way or another.

The General Assembly of 1916, meeting in Winnipeg, resolv
ed to proceed to union. The Assembly of 1917, held at Montreal,
on account of the determined agitation of the minority and the
disturbed condition of the country because of the war, determin
ed to hold the question of union entirely in abeyance until two
years after the war. The General Assembly of 1921, held in
Toronto, decided by a vote of 414 to 107 to proceed to union, but
not to precipitate the action, progress to be reported to the next
General Assembly.

In the vote of 1921, which gave 414 for and 107 against,
229 ministers voted for and 52 against; 184 elders for and 46
against; 36 ministers from the Maritime Provinces for and 8
against; 26 elders for and 11 against.

In 1922, the General Assembly met in Winnipeg where the
Church Union project received its start twenty years before. The
committee appointed to co-operate with committees of the other
churches in drafting proposed legislation and attending to other
economic conditions reported progress and were ordered to report
at the following Assembly in 1923. The anti-unionists gave
notice that when the union was consummated they would with
draw.

The General Assembly of 1923 was held at Port Arthur and
a battle royal ensued. The militant children of John Knox engag
ed lustily in the fray. There were eruptions and threatened dis
ruptions. The heather was on fire, and the Confession of Faith
and the Claymore were much in evidence. Three propositions
were presented. The first was that of the Church Union Commit
tee which urged immediate procedure towards organic union by
requesting parliamentary consent to the provisions of Union Leg
islation agreed upon by the United Union Committee. The second

400 HISTORY OF METHODISM

was, in effect, the relinquishment of Union negotiations; and the
third was the substitution of a sort of federal union. The first
motion for immediate procedure towards union carried by a vote
of 426 to 129. Notwithstanding this third definite decision, those
opposed to union attempted to prevent action at the Assembly
of 1924, but by a vote of 427 to 96 the Assembly resolved to con
summate the Union and to press for the necessary legislation
both in the Federal and Provincial Parliaments.

This decided the Presbyterian Church, and what about the
Methodists? At the General Conference of 1910 the principle of
union and the basis of union were approved. Out of a member
ship, or possible vote, of 320, two hundred and twenty voted in
favor and thirty seven voted in opposition. It was decided to
send the question down to the Annual Conferences, Quarterly
Official Boards, membership and adherents for decision, with the
result that 11 Conferences out of the 12 voted in favor of the
Union with a vote of 1579 to 270. The exception was the New
foundland Conference whose vote was three to one against Un
ion. The Nova Scotia Conference vote was 87 for and 14 against.
The vote in the N.B. & P.E.I. Conf. was 111 for and 12 against.

In the Official Boards of the twelve Conferences, 23,475 vot
ed "Yes" and 3,869 "No"; of the members eighteen years of age
and over 150,941 voted "Yes" and 24,357 "No"; of members
under eighteen, 17,918 voted "Yes" and 2,615 "No"; and of ad
herents 42,115 voted "Yes" and 7,234 "No." It will thus be seen
that 34,206 Methodists voted against the Union. The vote in the
east was as follows: N. B. and P. E. I. official boards 1107 for
and 192 against; adult membership 7003 for and 1160 against;
junior membership 498 for and 81 against; adherents 2879 for
and 427 against. In the N. S. Conference, in official boards, 990
for and 215 against; adult membership, 6345 for and 1650
against; junior membership, 422 for and 92 against; adherents,
2341 for and 434 against. In Newfoundland, in official boards,
the vote was 369 for 622 against; adult membership, 1731 for
and 4045 against; junior membership 98 for and 108 against;
adherents, 1194 for and 2787 against.

In the Congregational Church of 10,689 members the num
ber voting was very small, not much more than one third exer
cising their franchise. The vote stood 2,933 for, and 813 against
the Basis. The general sentiment, however, was in favor of un
ion and the people of this church assumed a passive attitude
waiting to see what the two larger bodies would do.

CHUROH UNION 401

The question is sometimes asked why, with nearly thirty-
five thousand Methodists opposed to Union, there was no schism
among them and the answer is that the Methodism of Canada is
a constitutional democracy and that its loyal minorities are ac
customed to keep the vows which they made in entering its
membership, or ministry, of submission to the constitutional rul
ings of its properly constituted courts. When the first show of
concerted opposition from the Presbyterian minority was made
Methodists were not much affected because they were acquainted
with the constitution of the Presbyterian Church as a constitu
tional democracy much like their own. They knew that when a
Presbyterian minister was being ordained he had to answer in
the affirmative this question "Do you promise to give dutiful
attendance in the Courts of this Church, to submit yourself in
the spirit of meekness to the admonitions of this Presbytery, to
be subject to it and the superior courts, to follow no divisive
course, but maintain according to your power the unity and
peace of the Church?" The Methodists also knew that before
a candidate is admitted to full communion in the Presbyterian
Church he has also to answer in the affirmative this question:
"Will you be subject to the authority of this session in the Lord,
and in subordination to the Higher Courts of the Church." When
the "Higher Courts" of the Presbyterian Church — the General
Assembly and Presbyteries — following closely the constitution of
the Church, had by very large majorities committed themselves
to Union, the Methodist Church concluded that, as law-abiding
members and ministers, the minority would respect their own
constitution and their own vows and loyally submit to the rul
ing of their "Higher Courts" and would "follow no divisive
Course." Here is where the Methodists met a great disappoint
ment when large numbers of ministers and Church members re
fused to comply with the voluntary obligations which they had
taken upon themselves and became open and pronounced rebels
against their own Church, and doing even worse by claiming to
be the Church.

A further question has been asked. When the Methodists
discovered that a large section of Presbyterians would not enter
the Union why did they not protest and if necessary withdraw
from the negotiations for union? The answer is — Because the
Presbyterian majority has been so true to its engagements, and
has suffered so much provocation and abuse, and has made such
sacrifices, that the Methodists could not refrain from going for-

402 HISTORY OF METHODISM

ward with them without doing them much injury and allowing
a rebel minority of their Church to triumph over them. All
through these troublesome years the Methodist Church, often
under great and unwarranted provocation, has maintained a dig
nified silence, lest the strife in a sister Church should be aggra
vated. Even this attitude has been misrepresented but history
will vindicate her action. She has been true to her own consti
tution and she has kept faith, a hundred per cent, with those with
whom she has entered into covenant.

In seeking necessary legislation for the administration of the
temporalities of the United Church from the Federal Parliament
and Provincial Legislatures the minority, in rebellion against the
Presbyterian Church, obstructed the passing of such legislation
in every way possible, causing the legislators, in political ex
pediency, to modify the desired measures in an attempt to com
promise with both parties, so that the legislation, passed in the
various legislatures, is not uniform, nor are any of the provincial
acts in complete harmony with the Federal Act, a very unsatis
factory condition liable to occasion much future confusion.

The Federal legislation provided for the organization of
the United Church of Canada to take place on June 10th, 1925, at
the meeting of the General Council to be held in the city of Tor
onto, and to consist of 350 members, 150 each from the Presby
terian and Methodist Churches, 40 Congregationalists, and 10
from the Council of Union Churches of Western Canada.

The union was consummated, on the date mentioned, under
most auspicious circumstances, in connection with which was held
a most unique communion service, in the great arena, at which
between seven and eight thousand persons, in delightful fellow
ship, partook of the elements commemorative of the broken body
.and spilt blood of the Redeemer of the world.

WOMAN1S MISSIONARY SOCIETY 40?

CHAPTER IX

WOMAN'S MISSIONARY SOCIETY

Methodism, from the beginning, has been greatly indebted
to its godly women. From Susanna Wesley to the present day
they have been foremost in every good word and work. They
have always taken a keen interest in the missionary operations
of the Church. About half a century ago the women became
especially interested in the work undertaken by the General Mis
sionary Society in Japan and among the Indians of Western
Canada, and conceived the idea that organized missionary work,
in which the women might be personally and directly responsible,
would not only prove a blessing to the women themselves but
would also greatly augment the work of the General Society.
The officials of the General Society approved of the proposition
and the Woman's Missionary Society of the Methodist Church
of Canada was organized in Hamilton, Ontario, on Nov. 8th,
1881.

Nova Scotia Branch — The following summary of the history
of the Nova Scotia Branch has been furnished us through the
kindness of Mrs. J. C. Purdy, the present (1924) President: "The
Woman's Missionary Society of the Methodist Church of Can
ada was organized in Hamilton, Ontario, on Nov. 8th, 1881. Just
two months later the first auxiliary was organized in Nova Scotia
in historic Brunswick St. Church, Halifax. A few days later
Grafton St. Auxiliary was organized. From the beginning the
work of these societies was strengthened by enthusiastic young
people's societies. Guysboro and Windsor took the lead in or
ganization outside the city, and in April, 1884, the "Nova Scotia
Conference Branch" was organized in Grafton St. church. The
formal inauguration took place in June in the presence of the
Nova Scotia Conference then assembled in the city. Officers
elected were: President, Mrs. George H. Starr; Recording Secre
tary, Miss L. Silver; Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. S. E. Whis-
ton; Treasurer, Mrs. Charles Wright. The first year's report
gives 4 Auxiliaries with a membership of 154; 2 Mission Circles
with a membership of 86. Total income $737.91, Circles con-

404 HISTORY OF METHODISM

tributing $89.00. Report for 1923-24 gives 118 Auxiliaries with
membership of 2,879; 126 Circles and Bands with membership
of 3,206. Total income $18,733.26, of which $5,772.82 was con
tributed by Circles and Bands. Total amount forwarded to
"Board" Treasurer during forty years of history $283,635.00.
During these years eight elect ladies have filled • the President's
chair; Mrs. George H. Starr, Mrs. Stephen S. Huestis, Mrs. A.
S. Tuttle, Mrs. W. MacCoy, Mrs. S. E. Whiston, Mrs. J. Wesley
Smith, Mrs. W. P. Chittick, and Mrs. J. W. MacConnell. With
all due deference to this splendid double quartette of talented
consecrated women we can without hesitation say that Mrs.
Whiston was the outstanding figure of the group. Elected first
Corresponding Secretary she grew with the work, and nine years
later was called to the President's chair which she ably filled for
twelve years. Of her, one of her contemporaries writes: "She
was a woman of conspicuous ability, most accurate in her secre
tarial work; her papers said by "Board" officers to be the best
they received. Quiet and retiring in manner, yet with a keen
sense of humour, when occasion required she presented a subject
with great force, and by Board officers was considered one of
their most gifted speakers." Of these pioneers, Miss Mary Ray,
Treasurer for 33 years, deserves more than passing mention.
Still connected with our work, as Honorary Treasurer, no society
was ever blessed with a more faithful or worthy officer. Red
letter days in history were those which sent our missionary
daughters to fields of active service.

Outstanding Events: The Fifteenth Anniversary saw us af
filiated with Newfoundland and our name changed to "Nova
Sctoia and Newfoundland Branch." This union continued for 17
years and was a source of mutual strength and inspiration until
the growth of the work in Newfoundland warranted its organiza
tion as a separate Branch.

In 1895, the "Nova Scotia Supply Committee" was author
ized by the Board as a permanent department of our work, and
the record of its beneficence fills a large place in our history.
The late Mrs. W. A. Black was the first efficient secretary of this
department, and was followed by her sister Miss M. M. Bell who
still holds office. Mrs. Black's interest in the work never waned,
and in a most beautiful manner her name will be perpetuated in
the future by her bequest of $500.00. By vote of Executive this
is to be held as a permanent memorial, the income devoted to
Nova Scotia Supply work.

WOMAN'S MISSIONARY SOCIETY 405

A forward step to celebrate our Fortieth Anniversary was
the founding of a scholarship to educate a Chinese Christian
Woman Medical Worker. This was made possible by a generous
donation from Rev. W. H. Heartz, D.D., to be supplemented by
Branch givings. This scholarship is to be known as the "Killam-
Heartz Memorial."

Officers elected for 1924-25: President, Mrs. J. C. Purdy;
1st Vice-President, Mrs. J. W. Bartlett; 2nd Vice-President,
Mrs. A. S. Rogers; 3rd Vice-President, Mrs. J. Strothard; Rec.
Secretary, Mrs. J. M. Trueman; Cor. Secretary, Mrs. G. W.
Whitman; Hon. Treasurer, Miss Ray; Treasurer, Mrs. R. B. Be-
harrell; Cor. Secretary of Circles & Bands, Mrs. M. E. Lund;
Treasurer Circles & Bands, Mrs. Stevenson; Superintendent of
Christian Stewardship, Mrs. J. W. MacConnell; Strangers' Secre
tary, Mrs. A. L. Melvin; Secretary of Supply Committee, Miss
M. M. Bell.

Thirty one ladies have gone out from this Branch to mis
sions. The following is the list, A. meaning active, R. retired and
D. deceased. There are six deceased, thirteen retired, and twelve
.active as follows: In the Indian work:

Agnes Knight from Halifax, 1885-90, R (married).

Sarah Hart from the parsonage, 1888-93, R (married).

Laura Elderkin from Port Elgin, 1889-93 D.

Leda Caldwell from Summerville, 1892-95 D.

Margaret Smith from Maitland, 1906-14.

Mildred Armstrong from Round Hill, 1911-12.

Geogie Armstrong from Round Hill, 1915-18 R.

JAPAN

Janie Cunningham from Halifax, 1887-1907.

Isabella Blackmore from Truro, 1888 A.

Elizabeth Hart from the parsonage, 1889 A.

Elizabeth Alcorn from the Parsonage, 1896-16 D.

(Miss Alcorn was numbered with New Brunswick)

Hattie .lost from Bridgetown, 1898 A.

Ada Killam from Yarmouth, 1902 A.

Etta DeWolfe, from Halifax, 1904-16.

Mary Jost from Bridgetown, 1908-11 R.

Sadie Tait from Amherst, 1916 A.

Marie Fullerton from Parrsboro', 1923 A.

Annie McLean from Margaretville, 1923 A.
ORIENTALS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

Annie Leake (Mrs. Tuttle) from Parrsboro, 1887-92 R

406 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Margaret Smith (same as above, 1915-20, R. (married).
Etta DeWolfe (same as above) , 1917 A.

FRENCH WORK
Mrs. Robt. H. Ross (Miss Starr) from Halifax, 1896-1906

R.

CHINA

Mary Foster from North Kingston, 1896-1907 D.
Dr. Maud Killam Neave from Yarmouth, 1897-1904 D,

(married)

Dr. Florence O'Donnell from Halifax, 1902-08 R. (married)
Dr. May Austin from Halifax, 1907-17 R.
Elizabeth Elderkin from Wolfville, 1909 A.
Mildred Armstrong (same as above), 1913-17 R. (married)
Mary Gormley from Lunenburg, 1921 A.

AMONG AUSTRIANS IN CANADA
Alice Sanford from Summerville, 1909-14.
May Inglis from Tupperville, 1913-16 R.
Martha Tuttle from Dartmouth, 1916-17 R (married).
Hattie Chisholm from Bear River, 1917-19 R.

OTHER EUROPEAN IMMIGRANTS
Mary Thompson from Oxford, 1911 A.
Nina McKim from Amherst, 1911 A.
Mary Gromley (same as above), 1920 A.
Janie Cunningham (same as above), 1913-16 D.
Alice Sanford (same as above), 1915-16 R.

IN TRAINING
Minnie Thompson from Oxford.

N. B. & P. E. I. BRANCH OF THE W. M. S. OF THE METHODIST

CHURCH

A year after the organization of the W. M. S. of the Metho
dist Church of Canada, an Auxiliary was formed at St. Stephen,
N. B., by Dr. and Mrs. Sprague. To St. Stephen also belongs the
honour of having the first Mission Band, also organized in 1882.

In 1883, Charlottetown was organized, and in 1884, Bede-
que, P. E. I., and Sackville, N. B. In one of the early reports
of Bedeque in the "Blue Book" we find this little comment: —
"We are not half in earnest, and so many destitute of the one
thing needful!" St. Stephen reports writing to various churches
asking co-operation.

WOMAN'S MISSIONARY SOCIETY 407

"After our people in this conference realized that there must
be women's hands to help in the weaving of the destiny of the
empire of the East, as well as our great Canadian West, anci
knowing that the W. M. S., even in the three years of its exis
tence, was recognized by the Methodist Church as a co-operating
agency, they readily saw the advantage of Branch organization,
and falling into line with other Conferences, this New Bruns
wick and Prince Edward Island Branch was born in Charlotte-
town, P. E. I., June 18, 1885 having Mrs. Henry Hill, St.
Stephen, as President and Mrs. G. H. Beer, Charlottetown, as
Corresponding Secretary." In the Blue Book appears the follow
ing: — " Our earnest worker, the late President, Mrs. Burwash
made every effort to have us formed into a Branch while Con
ference met, — and succeeded."

"The Branch reported in the autumn of 1885 the following
Auxiliaries St. Stephen, Charlottetown, Bedeque, Sackville,
Summerside, Cornwall, Tryon, Centenary, St. John. ; 145 Annual
Members, 2 Life Members, (Mrs. Dr. Johnson, and Mrs. G. H.
Beer) 1 Band with 12 members, and an income of $218.59.

"In 1886, which was really the first regular Branch Meeting,
we find the membership increased to 214, Band membership 47,
Money remitted to headquarters $449.75." Since that year,
Branch Meetings regularly held show increase in numbers, in
terest, funds in quite a wonderful way. Little by little the W.
M. S. made its way through the Branch rooting itself deep in the
hearts of the women. Years of strenuous uphill work were those
early years, years of great difficulty, years of training. Too much
praise cannot be given to those pioneers who gave such splendid
service. The names on our honour roll are too numerous to men
tion.

In 1887 there was a great birth of bands and in 1888 there
were fifteen new Auxiliaries formed. That fact tells its own tale
of labors unceasing.

The Presidents holding office are: — 1885, Mrs. Henry Hill,
St. Stephen; 1886, Mrs. (Rev.) Job Shenton; 1887, Mrs. C. E.
Macmichael, St. John; 1892, Miss Frances E. Palmer, St. John;
1893, Mrs. J. D. Chipman, St. Stephen; 1911, Mrs. W. B. Coul-
thard, Fredericton; 1913, Mrs. C. F. Sanford, St. John.

Corresponding Secretaries: — 1885, Mrs. G. H. Beer, Char
lottetown; 1886, Miss Lavinia Stewart, Sackville; 1887, Miss
Frances E. Palmer, St. John; 1892, Mrs. J. D. Chipman, St. Ste
phen; 1894, Miss Harriet S. Stewart, Sackville; 1897, Miss F. E.

408 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Palmer, St. John ; 1907, Miss Harriet S. Stewart, Sackville ; 1908,
Mrs. W. B. Coulthard, Fredericton; 1911, Mrs. C. F. Sanford, St.
John; 1913, Mrs. P. S. Enman, Port Elgin.

Recording Secretaries: — 1886, Miss F. E. Palmer, St. John;
1887, Mrs. C. C Gardiner, Charlottetown ; 1888, Miss Ella
Thorne, Fredericton; 1891, Mrs Heard, Charlottetown; 1892,
Mrs. J. Stewart; 1894, Mrs. C. E. Macmichael; 1898, Miss Har
riet S. Stewart; 1907, Mrs. P. S. Enman, Port Elgin; 1908, Mrs.
(Rev.) G. F. Dawson; 1915, Mrs. W. H. Barker, St. John.

Amounts sent to headquarters at each succeeding ten years:
1885, $218.59; 1886, $449.75; 1896, $4,992.75; 1906, $8,814.87;
1916, $14,400.00; 1924, $21,679.51; in all $358,102.33.

The best gift of all has been that of young lives to work for
the women and children in Japan, China, and the Home Land.
We have been rich in these. Those who have gone from thii
Branch are as follows: —

Miss Lavinia Clarke, 1890, Indian work, died.

Miss Mary Robertson, 1891, Japan.

Miss Myra A. Veazey, 1892-1918 Japan; 1919-20, 1924,
Vancouver. Returning to Japan this year.

Miss E. Crombie, 1893-1914, Retired.

Miss M. Burpee, 1893-1901, Chilliwack; 1903-06, Port Simp
son. Retired.

Miss Eliz. Alcorn, 1896-1916, Japan. Died.

Miss Jessie Howie, 1900-1913, Japan; 1914, Vancouver.

Miss Lottie Deacon, 1901-1905, Japan; 1907, Port Simpson.

Miss Eliza G. Tweedie, Japan, 1903.

Miss Lottie Lawson. 1908-11. China. Withdrew to marry
Rev. Walter Small, of China.

Miss Mary Lawson, B.A., 1908, Kitamaat, B. C. 1911r
withdrew.

Miss Sadie M. Folkins, B.A., 1909-12, China. Withdrew.

Miss Anna O. McLeod, 1910, Japan.

Miss Florence Bird, 1912-20, Japan; 1922, Vancouver, B. C,

Mrs. Arthur Hockin, B.A., 1913, China.

Miss Alice O. Strothard, 1914, Japan.

Miss Ada S. Myles, 1914, Port Simpson, B. C.

Miss Ruth Harper, 1917, Japan.

Miss Gertrude Hamilton, B.A., 1917, Japan.

Miss Louise Callbeck, 1921, Japan.

Miss Mary Fitzpatrick, 1921, Regina; 1922, Edmonton.

Miss Eunice Peters, 1923, China.

WOMAN'S MISSIONARY SOCIETY 409

Miss Elma Inman, just finishing her training in the National
Training School.

The years 1923-24 were marked by our having with us a
Japanese young lady from our school in Tokyo who came to New
York to study music. This seemed to bring home to our member
ship more than anything else could, the value of our work.

"A few scattered Auxiliaries were linked together in 1885.
These were composed of fearful, trembling women, but back of
the fears which saw giants in the way, faith saw God, and it is a
cause for deep thanksgiving that the women and young people
of this Branch, recognizing their obligation and privilege, have
through the years so loyally and liberally lent their aid, not con
tent with sending a single flash of light here and there, but help
ing to plant the Gospel and training those who shall be leaders
of their own people. It surely makes us very humble to realize
how God used our imperfect service in the building up of His
Kingdom on earth."

To-day (1924) this branch has 110 Auxiliaries with 3,179
members, 142 Associate Helpers, and 362 Little Light Bearers;
thirty -three Circles with a membership of 1,061. seventy-four
Bands with a membership of 2,559; fifteen missionaries on the
field and one in training and an income last year, sent to head
quarters, of $21,682.51.

"Certainly the little tree planted forty years ago has grown
and sent forth branches and is to-day full of life and vigor and
is known by its fruits."

NEWFOUNDLAND BRANCH or THE W. M. S. OF THE METHODIST

CHURCH

In 1882, a year after the organization of the Woman's Mis
sionary Society in Canada, Rev. T. H. James, pastor of George
Street church, St. John's, organized the first Auxiliary in New
foundland, with Mrs. John Steer as President, Miss Julia Milli-
gan, Secretary, and a membership of twenty-five. Gower Street
Auxiliary was organized in the same year by Rev. W. W. Per-
cival, followed by a Band called "The Gleaners."

In March, 1892, Mrs. J. E. P. Peters, visiting her son, Rev.
J. E. Peters, then assistant minister at Bonavista, organized an
auxiliary there with the pastor's wife, Mrs. Nurse, as President.
After the great fire of 1892, when the Gower Street people were

410 HISTORY OF METHODISM

homeless and churchless, the W. M. S. was not given up. All hon
or to Mrs. Peters, Miss March, Mrs. R. K. Bishop, Mrs. Nichol,
Mrs. Fenwick and other faithful women who kept the cause alive
under these specially difficult circumstances. In the temporary
Gower Street Tabernacle, in 1896, Mrs. Dr. Curtis, the pastor's
wife, was elected President of the auxiliary, as were Mrs. Cow-
perthwaite and Mrs. Dawson during the pastoral term of their
respective husbands. In 1898, there were still only these three
auxiliaries and one lone "Circle," Centenary of Gower Street,
reported to the Board of Managers as "Separate Societies", in
Newfoundland. As the Board found that it required as much
official correspondence with these three separated auxiliaries as
though they were three Branches, it requested the Newfoundland
auxiliaries to become affiliated with the Nova Scotia Branch, and
this arrangement was made. In September, 1898, Mrs. Curtis
was invited bv the N. S. Branch executive to represent New
foundland at the Branch meeting being held at Truro. She did
so, and at that time the affiliation of Nova Scotia and Newfound
land was formally ratified. Mrs. Curtis was appointed 3rd Vice
President and organizer for Newfoundland.

After much consideration, Cochrane Street church, which
had been devoted to a Home Mission Society, organized an aux
iliary. Mrs. Pincock (the pastor's wife) became the first Pre
sident. A few years later, Mrs.Pinsent became the first foreign
missionary from Newfoundland from the ranks of the W. M. S.
She was appointed to Japan.

In 1901, Miss Foster, fresh from the Boxer uprising in China,
visited Newfoundland, and organized an auxiliary at Brigus,
with Mrs. (Rev.) Paine as President, who became an enthusiast
in the work and organized societies on every circuit where her
husband was stationed. After having served as assistant, she
was elected organizer, when the Newfoundland District was di
vided. Miss Gertrude Parsons was also appointed an assistant
organizer for the young people's societies, and later gave splendid
service, as Secretary of Circles and Bands, until her death in
1924. Because of many misunderstandings, mainly due to lack
of knowledge, those early years were often very trying. Minis
ters and circuit officials feared that these new claimants for
support would injuriously affect the receipts of the General Mis
sionary Society and the circuit finances, until it was found by
experience that the W. M. S. work was an inspiration to more

WOMAN1S MISSIONARY SOCIETY 411

liberal things rather than a hindrance to the general interests of
the Church.

For years, the Newfoundland District Convention was the
pivot around which all the W. M. S. activities revolved. The
visit of Mrs. Wesley Smith, President of the Nova Scotia and
Newfoundland Branch, was productive of much good in defining
constitutional matters and the conduct of the business of the
Convention.

At the close of the old century there were only three Auxil
iaries and one Circle, but in the year 1908-09 Newfoundland re
ported twenty-one Auxiliaries and twenty-three Circles and
Bands. Later when the division of the Newfoundland District
took place, Mrs. (Rev.) Paine was appointed organizer and Mrs.
Osmond assistant for the northern auxiliaries. Mrs. Fenwick waa
secretary of the District for several years and was succeeded by
Mrs. Hunter who also succeeded Mrs. Curtis, as organizer of Sfc.
John's District, when the latter was compelled, because of broken
health, to retire from activity in 1914. Mrs. John Maddock was
appointed organizer of the Carbonear District.

The Newfoundland Branch was organized on November
18th, 1915, with the following officers: Hon. President, Mrs.
(Dr.) Levi Curtis; President, Mrs. E. G. Hunter; 1st Vice Presi
dent, Mrs. (Rev.) Matthews; 2nd Vice President, Mrs. (Rev.)
Fenwick; 3rd Vice President, Mrs. (Rev.) Harris; Corresponding
Secretary, Mrs. Eugene Lindsay ; Recording Secretary, Mrs. John
Maddock; Treasurer, Mrs. Joseph Peters; Circle and Band Sec
retary, Miss G. Parsons; Superintendent of Christian Steward
ship, Mrs. A. E. Parkins.

Presidents: 1915-1921, Mrs. E. G. Hunter; 1921-1925, Mrs.
Eugene Lindsay.

The receipts for the first year of separate work, contrasted
' with those of last year indicate the progress of the Branch: —

Receipts 1915-16 General Fund $3,862.89

Rest Fund- 44.32

Total Remitted $3,907.21

Receipts 1923-24 General Fund $7,952.01

Rest Fund— 180.38

Total Remitted $8,132.39

Missionaries (present addresses): — Mrs. Pinsent, Japan;

412 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Miss Harris, Miss Darby, China ; *Miss Hickman, Alberta ; Miss
Wagg, Sault Ste. Marie; Miss Howse, Hamilton, (Canada).

1915 1924 1915 1924

Auxiliaries 19 26 Membership 863 1346

Circles 10 9 Membership 252 439

Bands 34 35 Membership 1710 2296

Little Light Bearers 38 43

'Withdrawn

HOME AND 'FOREIGN MISSIONS 413

CHAPTER X

HOME AND FOREIGN MISSIONS

Shortly after its inception, the Methodism of Eastern British
America came under the supervision of the Missionary Com
mittee of the British Wesleyan Methodist Conference ana re
ceived financial assistance from it. Tins assistance continued
in lessening amounts until it ceased in 1874. Notwithstanding
the missionary character of the work in this country, the congre
gations formed early began to contribute towards the missionary
cause.

To Newfoundland, which has been specially a mission field,
belongs the honor of being the first Methodist district outside of
Britain to send a contribution to the funds of the British Wes
leyan Methodist Missionary Society. This was done in 1817
when nearly thirty-one pounds were sent, the list of subscribers,
appearing in the report of that year.

In 1924, the Methodist church in Canada celebrated the
Centennial of organized missionary effort within its bounds but
it might have more properly been celebrated in 1817 as, in that
year, at the meeting of the conference held in Halifax, one of the
evenings was devoted to the formation of the "Methodist Mis
sionary Society for the Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince
Edward Island District." A large audience was present in old
Argyle street church. William Black presided. William Bennett
conducted the devotions. Messrs. John A. Barry and Hugh Bell
were the secretaries, and John Starr, Esq., the treasurer. "Local
committees were to be formed on each circuit. At the next
annual meeting three hundred and sixty-six pounds were report
ed, of which sum one-half had been contributed in Halifax. Each
minister had subscribed one guinea, with the exception of Wil
liam Black, whose more ample private resources had enabled
him to cast a larger sum into the treasury, and then excite some
innocent curiosity by a further donation of fifty pounds in the
name of 'A friend'."

In 1856, a Home Mission Society was organized for Eastern
British America to encourage self-support in the territory. Con
tributions continued to be sent to the British Society but the a-

414 HISTORY OF METHODISM

mount seldom exceeded the amount of grant received annually
from the parent Society. The Home Mission Society was pop
ular and its administration hastened the coming of independent
support of the work in Eastern British America.

Arrangements were made through the development of the
Contingent Fund to give further assistance to weak causes. This
assistance was afterwards provided through the establishment of
the Sustentation Fund, when the General Missionary Society in
Canada took over the whole missionary work and the Home
Missionary Societies were merged in it.

Besides the large number of missionary evangelists and
teachers which have gone out from this eastern territory to the
foreign field, the following have entered the distant mission
fields from these provinces: — Benjamin Chappell, who was bora
in Charlottetown and connected with the N. B. and P. E. I. Con
ference, and resigned to go to Japan under the direction of the
Methodist Episcopal Church of the United States; Arthur C.
Borden, from Nova Scotia, to Japan; W. Howard Outerbridge,
from Nova Scotia to Japan; E. C. Hennigar and George S. Pat
terson, from N. B. and P. E. I. to Japan.

The following went to West China: E. R. M. Brecken (son
of Dr. Ralph Brecken) who spent sixteen years in Chentu, as
evangelist and Professor in the University, and who donated
$10,000 towards the advancement of missionary educational work
in China; Harry H. Irish, from Nova Scotia; Arthur Hockin, Jr.,
(son of Rev. A. Hockin of Nova Scotia) who died in China whilst
engaged in famine relief work; R. S. Longley and George E.
Rackham, from Nova Scotia; S. H. Soper and W. J. Sheridan,
from Newfoundland. Besides these James Neave, of Scotland,
but connected with the Nova Scotia Conference, and Frank Dick-
enson, an Englishman, but connected with the Newfoundland,
and then with the Nova Scotia Conference, engaged in work in
China. John W. Wadman, of P. E. I., after some years connec
tion with the N. B. and P. E. I. Conference, went to Japan and
the Phillipine Islands under the direction of the Methodist
Episcopal Church of the United States and D. D. Moore, born in
Charlottetown, went as a missionary to India.

In 1908, Thomas Marshall was appointed Superintendent of
Missions for Eastern British America, rendering faithful service
till 1913, when he resigned and George Steel was appointed as
his successor. In 1916, Newfoundland was given a separate sup
erintendent in the person of Mark Fenwick. Dr. Steel died in

HOME AND 'FOREIGN MISSIONS 415

1924, and James W. McConnell was appointed as Superintendent
for the Conferences of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick and
Prince Edward Island. W. H. Heartz, Thomas Marshall, and
Mark Fenwick represented their Conferences for many years on
the General Missionary Board, Dr. Heartz for the unprecedented
period of forty-two years. In his deep interest in missions he
established, in memory of his wife, the Julia Killam Heartz Me
morial Fund of $5,000, the income of which is to be devoted
to scholarships for the assistance of native Chinese medical
missionaries.

416

HISTORY OF METHODISM

CHAPTER XI

APPENDIX A.

THE CONSTITUTION AND PERSONNEL OF THE EASTERN
BRITISH AMERICAN CONFERENCE— 1855 TO 1874

The 'Conference of Eastern British America was organized in
Halifax, N. S., July 17th, 1855, Rev. Dr. Be'echam, of the British Wes-
leyan Conference, President. Rev. Dr. M. Richey, Co-Delegate; Rer.
Wm. Templ'e, 'Secretary. The members of the Conference, arranged
according to seniority, were as follows: —

1835 Thomas Smith

1836 James Buckley

1836 John S. Addy

1837 George M. Barratt

1837 Charles DeWolfe, M. A.
1837 Humphrey Pickard, M. A.
1837 Frederick Smallwood
1837 Jeremiah V. Jost
1837 Charles Churchill, M. A.

1837 James England

1838 Samuel W. Sprague
1838 Richard Weddall, Snr.
1840 John S. Peach

1840 Wm. Allen

1841 James R. Narraway
1841 Roland Morton
1843 Robert A. Chesley
1843 John Allison

1843 Christopher Lockhart

1844 Henry Pope, Jnr.

1845 Wm. McCarty

1845 John Brewster

1846 John Prince

1846 George O. Huestis
1846 Robt. E. Crane
1846 James Taylor

1848 Elias Brettle

1849 Robt. A. Temple

1850 Geo. W. Tuttle

1851 Thos. M. Albrighton, M. A.
1851 Alex. 'B. Black

1851 Frederick W. Moore
1851 J. Herbert Starr
1851 Wm. Tweedy

Isaac Whitehouse
1800 Wm. Bennett
1810 Wm. Croscombe
1813 Richard Williams

1813 John B. Strong

1814 James Home
1814 Henry Pope, Snr.

1816 Richard Knight

1817 George Miller

1818 John Marshall

1819 John Snowball

1820 Wm. Wilson

1820 Wm. Temple

1821 M. Richey

1822 Albert Desbrisay
1822 Adam Nightingale
1824 Thomas H. Davies

1824 Richard Smith

1825 Wm. Smithson

1826 John B. Brownell

1826 James G. Hennigar

1827 Michael Pickles
1827 Wm. Smith

1827 Ephraim Evans, D. D.

1828 Joseph F. Bent
1828 Arthur McNutt
1828 Wm. E. Shenstone
1830 George Johnson

1830 Henry Daniel*

1831 Ingham Sutcliffe
1831 Thomas Angwin
1834 Ed. Botterell
1834 Wm. T. Cardy

1834 John McMurray

1835 Wesley C. Beals

PROBATIONERS IN 1855

1851 Thomas Gaetz

1851 John S. Phinney

1852 Paul Prestwood
1852 Charles Stewart
1852 John L. Sponagle

1852 A. M. Desbrisay

1853 James Burns
1853 Robt. Duncan
1853 Joseph Hart

1853 Hezekiah McKeown
1853 George B. Payson
1853 Duncan D. Currie
1853 Charles Gaskin
1853 Wm. C. McKinnon
1853 Robt. Tweedy

1853 Robt. Wilson*

1854 Samuel Avery
1854 Thomas B. Smith

*Henry Daniel does not appear in Minutes because of temporary residence
in England.

APPENDICES

417

1854 George S. Milligan, M. A.

1854 Thomas Harris

1855 James Tweedy
1855 William Alcorn

CANDIDATES ADMITTED BETWEEN 1855 AND 1874

1856 John Cassidy

1856 Alex. W. Nicholson

1856 Stephen T. Teed

1856 Stephen Humphrey, B. A.

1856 George Butcher

1856 Thos. Fox

1856 Wm. Perkin

1856 John Winterbotham

1857 Henry Holland
1857 Douglas Chapman
1857 Robert Wasson

1857 Richard Johnson, M. D.

1857 T. Watson Smith

1857 James A. Duke

1857 Wm. C. Brown

1857 John W. Howie

1857 W. W. Perkins

1857 John Read

1857 Joseph Sutcliffe

1858 John J. Teasdale
1858 Theo. S. Richey
1858 Isaac E. Thurlow
1858 Wm. S. Shenstone
1858 Alex. S. Tuttle
1858 John Waterhouse
1858 William Ryan
1858 David B. Scott
1858 John B. Likely
1858 Stephen F. Huestis

1858 Fletcher W. H. Pickles

1859 Joseph S. Coffin

1859 Richard Pratt

1860 John J. Colter
1860 James R. Hart
1860 Thomas D. Hart
1860 James A. Richey
1860 Robert M. Smith
1860 A. Fletcher Weldon
1860 Edwin Evans

1860 Joseph Gaetz
1860 Benj. J. Johnson
I860 Chris. S. Lane
1860 Job Shenton
1860 Alfred W. Turner

1860 John Goodison

1861 Leonard Gaetz
1861 Samuel B. Martin
1861 George Bigney
1861 Charles Ladner
1861 Fred W. Harrison
1861 Howard Sprague
1861 Wm. W. Percival
1861 Joseph Pascoe
1861 John Mosher

1861 Ellas Slackford
1861 John Johnson
1861 George Harrison
1861 Humphrey P. Cowperth-
waite

1861 Andrew Gray

1861 Sylvanus Clayton

1862 John S. Allen
1862 W. W. Colpitts
1862 Wm. H. Heartz
1862 Cranswick Jost
1862 Jabez A. Rogers
1862 Robert H. Taylor
1862 Joseph G. Angwin
1862 Charles W. Dutcher
1862 Joseph iB- Hemmeon
1862 Charles B. Pitblado
1862 L. R. Smith

1862 Robt. O'B. Johnson

1863 John A. Clark, M. A.
1863 Thos. J. Deinstadt
1863 David W. LeLacheur
1863 Isaac N. Parker

1863 John M. Pike

1863 Jotham M. Fulton

1864 A. S. DesBrisay
1861 A. B. Waters
1864 Alfred E. LePage
1864 H. L. Cranford
1864 Ezra B. Moore
1864 Isaac Howie

1864 Joseph Todhunter

1864 Wm. Sargent

1865 Thomas Rogers

1865 Wilson W. Lodge

1866 F. Devitt

1866 R. Barry Mack

1866 Arthur D. Morton, B. A.

1866 Joseph Seller

1866 Thomas Allen

1866 George Forsey

1866 Charles W. Dockrill

1866 Charles H. Paisley M. A.

1866 John Reay

1867 William H. Burns
1867 G. Manford Tuttle
1867 Samuel R. Ackman

1867 Edwin Mills

1868 George F. Day
1868 Francis Scott

1868 Levi S. Johnson

1869 Robt A. Daniel
1869 Ralph Brecken

1869 Wm. Woods

1870 Jonathan R. Borden
1870 Silas C. Fulton
1870 E. G. Pelley

1870 Geo. W. Willey
1870 A. B. Morris, B. A.
1870 John Ellis
1870 Silas James
1870 Wm. Dutton*
*Died during the year
1870 Charles Pickles

•The names thus marked do not appear in Minutes and Robt. Wilson had
entered the ministry of the Bible Christian Church in 1853 and the
others entered the work during the year 1855-56.

418

1870 H. J. Clarke

1872 W. J. Johnson

1870 Solomon Matthews

1872 James Nurse

1870 Caleb Parker

1872 James Scott

1870 Wm. Dohson

1872 Edwin Turner

1870 W. J. Fraser

1872 Charles Myers

1870 Fred M. Pickles

1872 Wm. Brown

1870 R. W. Weddall, B. A.

1872 John Astbury

1870 John F. Betts

1872 James Crisp

1870 Wm. H. Ibbitson

1872 Arthur Hockin

1870 Wm. F. Penny

1872 Chas. Mearing

1870 Wm. H. Evans

1872 C. M. Tyler

1870 Waldron W. Brewer

1873 J. P. Bowell

1870 Jesse B. Giles

1873 H. R. Baker, A. B.

]870 Wm. Maggs

1873 Hiram Davis

1871 Jeremiah Embree

1873 J. W. Shepherdson

1871 Joseph Hale

1873 Wm. Lawson

1871 Robert McArthur

1S73 Cl-as. Nicklin

1871 Arthur H. Webb

1873 Jabez Hill

1871 G. M. Campbell

1873 John Prntt

1871 Jos. M. Fisher

1873 Edward Bell

1871 Wm. Baines

1873 Alex. McGregor

1871 J. C. Berrie

1873 R. W. Freeman

1871 J. G. Currie

1873 Wm. Penna

1871 E. E. England

1873 W. A. Bennett

1871 Wm. Harrison

1873 C. W. Swallow

1871 J. E. Jubb

1873 Wm. Purvis

1871 Thos. Marshall

1873 John Craig

1871 Wm. Swann

1873 E. R. Brunevate

1871 Wm. H. Emsley

1873 Joseph Parkins

1871 Charles W. Hamilton

1873 G. H. .Bryant

1871 James Strothard

1873 A. H. Clayton

1871 George J. Bond

1873 Samuel Snowdon

1871 E. B. England

1873 John Dixon

1871 J. W. Doull

1874 W. G. Lane

1871 J. T. Baxendale

1874 Henrv Lewis

1871 R. S. Crisp

1874 D. W. Johnson, A. B.

1871 S. B. Dunn

1S74 Joseph Lister

1871 G. W. Fisher

1874 Ch. H. Manaton

1871 Thos. H. James

1874 R. W. Smith

1871 Aquilla Lucas

1874 John Gee

1871 A. R. B. Shrewsom-y

1874 Benj. Chappell

1871 Wm. Tippett

1874 Anthony Hill

1872 T. W. Atkinson

1874 Joseph Robson

1872 Richev Bird

1874 George Paine

1872 Wm. Ainley

1874 J. K. King

1872 George Boyd

1874 B. C. Bordcn

Probationers received between 1855-1874, inclusive, who did not
proceed to ordination dropping out, for different reasons, before com
pleting the full term of probation: J. A. Rdchey, Theo. S. Rtehey, J.
B. Likely, C. S. 'Lane, S. Clayton, L. R. Smith, Andrew Gray, A. B.
Waters, F. Devitt, G. M. Tuttle, J. Tod/hunter, W. H. Burns, P. Scott,
S. C. Fulton, W. J. Fraser, E. G. iPelley, Wm. Woods, F. M. Pickles,
A. B. Morris, W. H. Emsley, A. H. Webb, E. B. England, J. E. Jubb,
W. F. Penny, Chas. Mearing.

Ministers who withdrew from the Conference between 1856 and
1874 to enter the work elsewhere:

1856 Isaac Whitehouse West Indies

1857 Ephraim Evans, D D Canada Conference

1857 J. H. Starr Canada Conference

1856 T. B. Smith United States

1860 T. B. Albrighton, A. M England

1862 Charles Churchill, A. M England

1863 John Allison, A. M., United States

1863 Joshua Jordan West Indies

APPENDICES

419

1865 Adam Nightingale England

1865 John Brewster England

1S66 George Butcher England

1869 Benj. J. Johnson United States

1870 William Ryan,* United States

1871 James Burns United Sates

1872 C. B. Pitblado United States

1873 D. W. Le Lacheur United States

1873 J. M. Fulton, A M United States

Ministers who retired from the work between 1855 and 1874: —

1866 Richard Pratt

1866 W. C. Beals

1866 Wm. Allan

1869 Richard Johnson, M. D.

1869 W. W. Perkins

1870 A. B. Black

1871 F. W. Moore

APPENDIX B.
NOVA SCOTIA CONFERENCE

The Nova Scotia Conference of the Methodist Church of Canada
was organized !in Charlottetown, P. E. I., July 3rd, 1874, Rev. John Mc-
Murray, President; Rev. R. Alder Temple, Secretary. The members
of the Conference, arranged according to seniority, were as follows: —

1814 Henry Pope, Snr.

1821 Matthew Richey, D.D.,

1824 Thos H. Davies

1826 Jas. G. Hennigar

1827 Michael Pickles

1828 Jos. F. Bent

1830 George Johnson

1831 Thos. Angwin
1831 Ingham Sutcliffe
1834 Edmund Botterell
1834 John McMurray
1836 John S. Addy

1836 James Buckley

1837 James England

1837 Charles DeWolfe, D.D.,

1841 Roland Morton

1842 Richard Smith

1843 Chris Lockhart

1848 Elias Brettle

1849 R. A. Temple

1850 G. W. Tuttle

1851 Jas. Tweedie

1852 Paul Prestwood

1852 J. L. Sponagle

1853 G. B. Payson
1853 Robert Tweedie
1855 John Lathern

1855 Wm. Alcorn

1856 A. W. Nicolson

1856 John Cassidy

1857 W. C. Brown
1857 T. W. Smith
1857 R. Wasson
1857 John Read

1857 J. W. Howie

1858 S. F. Huestis

1858 J. J. Teasdale
1858 F. H. W. Pickles
1858 Alex. S. Tuttle
1858 David B. Scott
1858 Isaac E. Thurlow
1860 James R. Hart
1860 Thos. D. Hart

1860 Job Shenton

1861 Joseph Gaetz
1861 Leonard Gaetz
1861 Jos. S. Coffin
1861 J. G. Bigney

1861 John Johnson

1862 Wm. H. Heartz
1862 Cranswick Jost, A.M.,
1862 Jabez A. Rogers

1862 Joseph G Angwin

1863 J. B. Hemmeon

1863 R. O. Johnson

1864 A. S. Desbrisay
1864 E. B. Moore

1864 J. M. Pike

1865 W. Sargent

1866 Thos. Rogers, A. M.,
1866 A. D. Morton, A. M.
1866 R. B. Mack

1868 A. F. Weldon

1868 Geo. F. Day

1868 R. A. Daniel

1870 Ralph Brecken, A. M.

1870 James Strothard

1870 Caleb Parker

1870 J. R. QBorden

1870 W. H. Evans

1870 Jos. Hale

1870 J. B. Giles.

PROBATIONERS IN 1874

1871 W. D. Baines
1871 E. E. England

1871 William Brown
1871 Robert McArthur

•Wm. Ryan returned to Nova Scotia Conference in 1877.

420

HISTORY OF METHODISM

1871 E. B. England

1872 Wm. Ainley
1872 Arthur Hockin
1872 C. M. Tyler,
1872 Richey Bird
1872 John Aatbury
1872 James Scott
1872 J. M. Fisher

1872 W. J. Johnson

1873 John Craig
1873 Wm. Purvis
1873 Ch. Nicklin
1873 E. R. Brunyate

1873 A. H. Clayton

1873 J W. Shepherdson

1874 W. G. Lane
1874 W. A. Bennett

1874 D. W. Johnson, A. B.

1874 C. W. Shallow

1874 Hiram Davip

1874 B. C. Borden

1874 J. C. Ogden

1874 George Johnson, (flB.)

1874 R. W. Smith

1874 John Gee

1874 Robert Williams

CANDIDATES ADMITTED BETWEEN 1874 AND 1884

1875 Arthur Black

1875 Benj. Hills

1875 Jas. Sharp

1875 W. L. Cunningham

1875 George F. Johnson

1875 George O. Robinson

1875 David Hickey

1876 H. P. Doane
1876 S. Thompson
1876 C. H. Pippy

1876 F. H. Wright, A. B.

1877 Starr Black
1877 M. Atkinson
1877 Isaac Hellish
1877 Patrick Robinson
1877 W. A. Outerbridge
1877 J. S. David

1877 G. A. Huestis

1877 W. F. Penny, B. D.

1878 Jos. E. Donkin
1878 W. H. Langille

1878 John L. Dawson, M. A.

1878 G. W. Glendenning

1879 John Wier
1879 Lamert Stevens

1879 F. A. Buckley, A. B-

1881 Alban Daniel

1881 Geo. W. Whitman

1881 J. B. Butterick

1881 John W. Prcstwood, A. B.

1881 Leander Daniel

1881 R. W. Huclgill

1883 James L. Batty

1883 Thos. Wotten

1883 Wm. Nightingale

1883 Thos. C. Hooper

1883 Richard D. Beals

1883 Fred Friger-ns

1884 Thos. A. Wilson
1884 R. S. Stevens
1884 Fred Pentelow
1884 Wm. Shrars
1884 Wm. I. Croft
1884 Harry Burgess

Probationers whose name's were dropped between 1874 and 1884
before completing the usual term of four years: —

1876 David Hickey*
1876 Wm. J. Johnson

1876 A. H. Clayton

1877 Jos. Robson
1877 C. Nicklin

1877 R. W. Smith

1878 Jos. Davids

1878 C. H. Pippy
1878 S. Thompson

1878 W. A. Bennett, B. A.

1879 Geo. A. Huestis
1879 W. L. Cunningham
1881 W. Arthur Black
1883 Starr Black

Ministers who entered the Conference between 1874 and 1884:

1875 Godfrey Shore English P. M. Church

1876 James Taylor N. B. and P. E. I. Conference

1876 G. O. Huestis N. B. and P. E. I. Conference

1877 W. Ryan United States

1878 S. B. Dunn Newfoundland

1879 John Lathern N. B. and P. E. I. Conference

1879 David Hickey Congregationalist

Ministers who withdrew to 'enter the "work elsewhere between
1874 and ,1884:

1875 Leona rd Gaetz Montreal

1876 John Lathern N. B. and P. E. I. Conference

•David Hickey retired to connect himself with the Congregational
ministry and returned as an ordained minister from that church in 187V
and was received into full connection in 1881.

APPENDICES 421

1876 G. B. Payson N. B. and P.E.I. Conference

1878 Job Shenton Newfoundland

1879 John Read N. B. and P. E. I. Conference

1881 Godfrey Shore Presbyterian

1882 Caleb Parker United States

1883 J. M. Pike United States

Ministers who were dropped between 1874 and 1884:

1882 E. R. Brunyate 1883 George Johnson

1884 G. O. Robinson

Ministers who became Supernumeraries and those who died be
tween 1874 and 1884:

See Appendices E. and "P.

The Nova Scotia Conference of the Methodist Church at the sec
ond union met lin Halifax on June 20tih, 18'84, Rev. J. A. Rogers, Presi
dent; iRev. C. Jost, A. M., Secretary. As bhis was the first conference
•to which laymen -were permitted we give the names of the lay mem
bers.

HALIFAX DISTRICT

A. McN. Patterson W. B. McNutt

J. W. Caldwell M. B. Huestis

F. G. Curry J. W. Webb
H. W. LydVard J. L. Sterling
J. A. Taylor J. Mann

A. Mosher W. K. Angwin

G. E. Pellow A. A. Smallwood
S. G. 'Black G. H. McKinley
D. Allison, LL. D. Abner Hart

C. F. DeWolfe S. L. Shannon, D. C. L.
Dr. H. Woodbury G. W. Brown

R. J. Sweet W. Crowe

J. W. Smith

TRURO DISTRICT

Campbell Johnson Wm. Layton

Israel Longworth H. R. Narraway

W. B. Huestis Geo. Davidson

Oliver Langille Josiah Custance

David Faulkner Isaac Gaetz

CUMBERLAND DISTRICT

A. Davidson D. Somers

W. Read Silas Fulton

Dr. Dakin J. A. Elliott

W. Davis W. Swallow

Chas. Laurence Charles Smith

Wm. Hall W. N. Morris
R. L. Black

GUYSBORO AND CAPE BRETON DISTRICT

James H. Buckley W. A. Ferguson

D. W. Hennessey

ANNAPOLIS DISTRICT

S. Dakin S. E. Bent

W. V. Vroom E. C. Foster

422

HISTORY OF METHODISM

J. A. Morehouse
P. Bennett
F. Willett
J. McLean
W. O. Theall
J. A. Elliot

J. N. Freeman
W. S. Drew
S. Risser
J. N. Mack
Nelson Chesley

J. Young
S. Sheffield
A. Marshall
Q. Murdock
J. Welton
E. Porter

LIVERPOOL DISTRICT

S. A. Chesley
Henry Mader
J. B. Harlow
L. Robinson
Ephraim Homer

YARMOUTH DISTRICT

No laymen elected.

PROBATIONERS IN 1884

1881 A. Daniel
1881 G. W. Whitman
1881 Leander Daniel
1881 J. IB- Buttrick
1881 R. W. Hudgill
1883 J. L. Batty
1883 Thos. Wootten
1883 F; Friggens
1883 Thos. C. Hooper

CANDIDATES ADMITTED BETWEEN 1884 AND 1925

1883 W. Nightingale

1884 Thos. A. Wilson
1884 R. S. Stevens
1884 Wm. Phillips
1884 F. Pentelow
1884 Wm. Shears
1884 W. I. Croft
1884 Harry Burgess

1885 B. E. Bond

1885 A. C. Borden, A. B.

1885 John Phalen

1886 Jabez Appleby

1886 C. H. Huestis, A. B.

1887 Jonathan A. Smith

1888 Oscar Grunland
1888 D. Farquhar
1888 Chas. E. Crowell

1888 Stanley C. Leonard

1889 H. S. Theakston, B. A.
1889 H. C. McNeill

1889 W. R. Turner

1889 A. B. Higgins, A. B.

1889 J. M. Turner

1889 C. H. M. Sutherland

1889 F. W. W. DesBarres, A. B.

1890 H. M. Tory, A. B.
1890 Jos. A. Hart
1890 J. H. Toole

1890 R. O. Armstrong
1890 W. F. Cann
1890 Wilfred Gaetz
1890 W. C. Perry

1890 Thomas A. Bowen

1891 Jas. Hughson
1891 C. A. Munro
1891 R. M. Jost, A. B.
1891 R. M. Browne
1891 B. Seaboyer

1891 H. D. Townsend

1892 W. M. Ryan
1892 David Walker

1892 Stanley C. Leonard, B- A.

1893 Hazen B. BaSrd

1893 Douglas B. Hemmeon, B.A.

1893 Joel Mader

1893 A. M. Sanford, B. A.
1893 Charles M. Mack
1893 C. Herbert C. McLarren

1893 Harry H. McNeill

1894 W. B. Jost, A. B.
1894 A. Lund

1894 John W. Aikens

1895 John P. Anthony

1895 W. C. Schlichter
'.896 W. Q. Genge

1896 Geo F. Mitchell
1896 Geo. P. Allen
1896 H. P. Patterson
1896 Austin D. Richards

1896 W. Boyd Parker

1897 F. E. Barrett
1897 Aubrey S. Tuttle
1897 F. B. Curry

1897 A. J. Reynolds

1898 John G. Hockin, B. A.
1898 E. Wm. Forbes, M. A.
1898 Charles H. Johnson, B. A.
1898 Bradford J. Porter, B. A.
(Year allowed in each case —
1897 and in following for B. A.)
1900 Charles H. Morris

1900 William J. Wright
1900 Arthur Hockin, Jnr.
1900 J. R. K. Seller, B. A.

1900 Alfred S. Rogers, B. A.

1901 John W. O'Brien

1901 Henry H. Irish

1902 Willis J. Layton

1902 Douglas G. Guest

1903 Harry B. Clarke

APPENDICES

423

1903 John W. Hobbs 1911

1903 J. Norman Ritcey 1911

1903 A. W. Westhaver 1911

1904 Wm. J. W. Swetnam 1912
1904 Arthur R. Reynolds 1912
1904 Percy Johnson 1912
1904 Geo. T. Bryant 1912
1904 C. W. Porter- Shirley 1913
1906 Charles G. Hockin, B. A. 1913
1906 Charles W. Wright, B. A. 1913
1906 D. H. Corley 1913
1906 James Neaye (ordained for 1913

work in China) 1913

1906 P. T. Meek (allowed 1 yr.)
1906 Wm. H. Watts (allowed 2 1913

years) 1913

1906 W. H. Rackham, B. A. (al- 1913
lowed 1 year) 1914

1907 Wm. H. Hughes 1914
1907 Howard W. Outerbridge, B. 1914

A. 1914

1907 Roy C. Buckley, B. A. 1914

1907 P. B. L. Seller 1915

1907 Robt. B. Thomas 1915
(Each one of this class al- 1915
lowed 1 year). 1915

1908 John H. Beazley 1915
1908 Ernest Plowman

1908 Herbert T. Gornall 1916

1908 Edwin E. Graham 1916

1908 Thomas Street 1916
(Plowman and Gornall al
lowed 1 year). 1917

1909 James King 1918
1909 Wm. E. Ferguson 1918
1909 Clarence E. Hellens 1918
1909 Arthur R. Wallis 1918
1909 Percy M. Hartley 1919
1909 Harold Tomkinson 1920
1909 Sydney J. Boyce 1920
1909 John H. Freestone 1921
1909 Harry T. Jones 1922
1909 George W. Beck 1922
1909 Louis A. Buckley 1922

(Each of class above al- 1922

lowed 1 year). 1923

1909 Arthur F. Baker 1924

1909 Harry Bird 1925

1910 Charles B. Sinden 1925
1910 Austen M. Angus 1925

1910 Harvey L. Eisenhaur 1925

1911 Ralph L. Norseworthy 1925
1911 John G. Stones

1911 Millard K. Charman

Harry Cartlidge
Herbert A. Hambly
James Baxter
Peter Pallitt (1 year)
Charles L. Gesner (1 year)
Josiah Martin (3 years)
Vincent Zafflro (3 years)
Francis J. Scoates
Harry S. Bland
John Adamson
Arthur B. Dewberry
Philip L. Findlay
Thomas W. Hodgson (each
before this allowed 1 year)
Alfred J. Reynolds (4 yrs.)
Francis J. Brown
Noble W. Jackson
Geo. Rackham
Norman Coll
John W. Bent
Bert Cooper
Herbert Tucker (1 year)
Frederick J. Neal
John J. Sidey
Guy E. Mossman
Wallace S. Loring, B. A.
Arthur G. Pentz (each of
the class allowed 1 year)
Wm. F. Munro
J. Wilfred Herd
Morton R. Ewing (first two
allowed 1 year each).
John Moss
Reginald L. Roach
I. F. Nix, B. A. (1 year)
J. C. W. Collind
D. G. Deale
Ainsley D. Embree
Thomas E. McLellan (1 yr)
Wilfred Burbidge (1 year)
Leonard M. Outerbridgre
Norman J. Thomas
Charles H. Young
Harold S. Bishop
Alfred Atwood (1 year)
Lewis E. Distant
John C. Downing
Arthur Organ
Wilfred L. Brownell
Enoch R. Stanway
Karl F. Drew
Guy E. Mossman (had re
signed and now reentered)

Probationers wiho for various reason dropped out between
and 1924 before completing the usual term of four years: —

1884

1885 R. W. Hudgill

1887 W. Shears

1890 C. H. M. Sutherland

1892 H. S Theakston

1894 S. C. Leonard, B. A. (died)

1894 H. M. Tory, B. A. (tr) '

1895 B. Seaboyer
1897 H. B. Baird

1897 A. M. Sanford, B. A. (tr)
1897 W. B. Jost, B. A. (died)

1900 W. C. Schlichter (tr)

1901 C. H. Morris

1902 J. R. K. Seller, B.A. (died)
1906 F. B. Curry
1906 D. G. Guest

1909 W. E. Ferguson (tr)

1910 J. H. Beasley (tr)
1910 James King

1910 C. W. Wright, B. A.

1911 D. H. Corley
1911 P. B. L. Seller

1911 Roy C. Buckley, B. A. (tr)
1911 Harry S. Bird (tr)
1913 H. A. Hambly

HISTORY OF METHODISM

1915 N. W. Jackson 1923 J. W. Collend

1917 H. L. Eisenhaur 1923 A. E. Blundon

1917 J. J. Sidey 1923 G. D. Deal

1918 S. Moss 1923 Guy E. Mossman

1919 I. F. Nix 1923 A. Atwood

1919 A. B. Dewberry tr means transfer

Ministers who came into the Conference between 1884 and 1924: —

1887 W. H. Edyvean Newfoundland

1888 S. R. Ackman N. B. and P. E. I.

1889 J. B. Heal Newfoundland

1891 Geo. J. Bond, A. B Newfoundland

1892 W. W. Andrews, A. M Toronto

1892 William Dobson N. B. and P. E. I.

1892 P. H. Robinson Manitoba

1893 James Lumsden Newfoundland

1894 Thomas J. Deinstadt N. B. and P. E I.

1895 John W. Aikens (Prob.) Guelph

1896 W. C. Schlichter (Prob.) Hamilton

1896 A. D. Morton, D. D Newfoundland

1896 Aaron Kinney Reformed Baptist

1897 James Blesedell Congregationalist

1898 Joseph Seller N. B. and P. E. I.

1899 Selby Jefferson Newfoundland

1900 Wm. R. Tratt Newfoundland

Wm. J. Bartlett Newfoundland

R. W. Weddall, B. A N. B. and P. E. I.

Hibbert R. Baker. B. A N. B. and P. E. .1

Henry J. Indoe Newfoundland

F. W. W. DesBarres Newfoundland

Herbert G. Baudy Newfoundland

Isaac E. Thurlow (Sup'y) Toronto

Arthur C. Borden, B. D Japan

. George M. Young N. B. and P. E. I.

1910 J. W. McConnell N. B. and P. E. I.

1910 Hamilton Wigle, B. A Manitoba

1911 A. W. Dycer (Prob.) Newfoundland

1911 Robt. C. Tait (Prob.) Newfoundland

1912 M. R. Knight, B. A N. B. and P. E. I.

1912 Walter J. Dean N. B. and P. E. I.

1912 Ernest Baines, B. A Newfoundland

1912 Francis J. Armitage (Prob.) Newfoundland

1913 James Strothard N. B. and P. E. I.

1913 Frank Dickenson (Prob.) Newfoundland

1913 Harold T. Roe British Methodism

1913 William Owen British Methodism

1913 Ivor S. Hyndman British Methodism

1914 Robt. E. Fairbairn British Methodism

1914 John W. Bartlett Newfoundland

1914 Neil McLauchlan N. B. and P. E. I.

1914 Walter H. Palmer Newfoundland

1914 Alfred Thorpe Newfoundland

1915 Charles H. Johnson, B. D Alberta

1915 Michele Trentadue Toronto

1916 L. E. G. Davies Newfoundland

1917 W. R. Seeley '. Newfoundland

1918 Norman M. Guy, M. A Newfoundland

1919 Robt. G. Fulton N. B. and P. E.I.

1919 John Line, B. D Toronto

1919 Henry Cook Episcopal Church

1920 Wm. G. Lane (Sup»y) N. B. and P. E.I.

1920 H. L. Bird Alberta

1920 N. Cole Newfoundland

1920 Baxter J. Warr Newfoundland

1921 Robert B. Thomas Saskatchewan

1921 Arthur Blunden Newfoundland

1921 Cater Windsor Newfoundland

1921 Allan S. Adams Newfoundland

1921 Geo. J. Bond, LL. D Newfoundland

APPENDICES 426

1921 D. B. Hemmeon, B. A Newfoundland

1921 T. A. Mosley Manitoba

1922 E. Wm. Forbes, M. A Newfoundland

1922 Jabez Saint, D. D Newfoundland

1922 G. T. Honnor Manitoba

1922 A. Mitchell Saskatchewan

1923 H. B. Clarke N. B. and P. E. I.

1923 Thos. Constable Manitoba

1924 R. C. White Newfoundland

1924 J. Arthur Hart (resigned in 1915, now re-admitted)

1924 J. T. Wilkinson (after several years supply work in the Conference
bounds)

1925 J. W. Hughes N. B. and P. E. I.

1925 Cyril M. Curtis Newfoundland

Ministers who were transferred or withdrawn from the Nova
Scottia Conference to enter the work elsewhere between 1884 and 19'25:

1885 Robert Wasson United States

1887 Ralph Brecken, M. A N. B. and P. E. I.

1888 F. H. W. Pickles N. B. and P.E.I.

1888 J. B. Buttrick India. M. E. Ch.

1888 John Wier India, M. E. Ch.

1899 A. D. Morton. M. A Newfoundland

1890 P. H. Robinson Manitoba

1890 H. P. Doane Unted States

1890 Thos. Rogers, M. A United States

1892 S. B. Dunn United States

1893 J. J. Teasdale N. B. and P. E. I.

1893 I. M. Mellish United States

1894 H. M. Tory, B. D Montreal

1896 A. C. Borden, B. D Japan

1898 T. J. Deinstadt N. B. and P. E.I.

1899 F. A. Buckley, B. A Manitoba

1900 J. Holmes Toole Manitoba

1900 W. C. Schlichter (Prob.) British Columbia

1901 F. W. W. DesBarres, B. A Newfoundland

1902 J. A. Rogers N. B. and P. E. I.

1903 J. Strothard N. B. and P. E. I.

1903 C. H. Huestis, M. A Manitoba

1903 W. F. Cann Manitoba

1903 James E. Hughson Manitoba

1904 Wm. Dobson N. B and P E I.

1904 A. D. Richard, B. A Manitoba

1904 R. S. Stevens Manitoba

1904 R. O. Armstrong, M. A Manitoba

1905 Aubrey F. Tuttle, B. A Alberta

1906 F. B. Curry United States

1907 Thos. A. Bowen Alberta

1909 W. Quinton Genge United States

1909 R. W. Weddall, B. A N. B. and P.E.I.

1910 Charles W. Wright, B. A United States

1911 W. W. Andrews, LL. D Saskatchewan

1912 Geo. M. Young N. B. and P. E. I.

1912 H. G. Bandey Hamilton

1912 Wm. H. Hughes Alberta

1913 John W. Aikens Toronto

1913 P. T. Meek Hamilton

1913 Robt. B. Thomas Saskatchewan

1914 D. B. Hemmeon, B. A Newfoundland

1915 Charles G. Hockin, B. D Alberta

1915 Vincent Zaffero Toronto

1915 G. J. Bond, LL. D N. B. and P. E. I.

1915 W. J. Layton , United States

1916 N. McLauchlan N. B. and P E I

1916 Thos. Street United States

1917 Peter Pallitt Montreal

1918 E. Wm. Forbes, B. D Newfoundland

1919 G. W. F. Glendenning, M. A N. B. and P. E. I.

426

HISTORY OF METHODISM

1919 J. A. Smith Alberta

1920 H. B. Clarke N. B. and P. E. I.

1920 W. M. Ryan N. B. and P. E.I.

1920 Harold Tomkinson United States

1920 Percy Johnson Alberta

1920 A. W. Dycer United States

1920 R. C. Tait Bay Quinte

1921
1921

1925
1925

A. D. Morton, D. D Toronto

R. G. Fulton N. B. and P. E. I.

1921 F. J. Neal United States

1921 Charles H. Johnson, B. D Newfoundland

1921 Josiah Martin Great Britain

1922 R. E. Fairbairn Newfoundland

1922 C. B. Sinden United States

1923 C. E. Hellens, B. A United States

1924 R. L. Norsworthy United States

W. H. Palmer N. B. and P. E. I.

Leonard M. Outerbridge ( Prob. ) Montreal

Ministers who withdrew between 1&84 and 19-24 : —

1895 P. H. Robinson (irregular withdrawal)
1900 Thomas F. Wootton (given credentials)

1914 Ivor G. Hyndman (without credentials)

1915 W. Arthur Hart (with credentials. Mr. Hart was readmitted to
Conference in 1924)

1917 C. W. Porter- Shirley; 1920 H. T. Cartlidge; 1921 Wm. Owen;
1922 Guy E. Mossman

1922 L. A. Buckley, B. A., to engage in national boys' work.

1923 F. L. Rice.

APPENDIX C.
N. B. AND P. E. I. CONFERENCE NAMES AND FIGURES

The first session of the N. B. and P. E. I. Conference was organiz
ed .In iCharlottetown, at the close of the last session of the old Eastern
British America Conference, on Friday, July 3rd, 1874, iRev. Henry
Pope, D.D., President and Rev. D. D. Currie, Secretary. The members
of the Conference were as follows, arranged in seniority: —

1830 Henry Daniel

1837 Geo. M. Barrett

1837 Jeremiah V. Jost

1837 Humphrey Pickard, D.D.,

1837 Frederick Small wood

1838 Samuel W. Sprague

1839 James R. Narraway, M.A.,
1839 Richard Weddall

1844 Henry Pope, D.D.

1845 Wm. McCarty

1846 Geo. O. Huestis
1846 John Prince
1846 James Taylor
1851 Wm. Tweedy
1851 John S. Phinney
1853 Charles Stewart, D.D.,
1853 Duncan D. Currie
1853 Robt. Duncan

1853 Joseph Hart

1853 Robt. Wilson

1853 Hezekiah McKeown

1855 Charles Comben

1856 Stephen T. Teed

1856 Stephen Humphrey, M.A.,

1857 Douglas Chapman

1857 James A. Duke

1858 John Waterhouse

1860 John J. Colter

1860 Edwin Evans

1861 F. W. Harrison
1861 George Harrison
1861 Elias Slackford

1861 Howard Sprague, M. A.
1861 W. W. Percival

1861 H. P. Cowperthwaite, M. A.

1862 John S. Allen
1862 W. W. Colpitts
1862 Chas. W. Dutcher

1862 Robt. H. Taylor

1863 John A. Clarke, M. A.
1863 T. J. Deinstadt

1863 Isaac N. Parker

1864 Alfred E. LePage
1864 Isaac Howie
1866 W. W. Lodge

1866 Charles H. Paisley, M. A,

1866 Thomas Allen

1866 Joseph Seller, M. A.

1866 C. W. Dockrill

1867 Samuel R. Ackman

1868 Edwin Mills

1868 Levi S. Johnson

1869 R. W. Weddall. M. A.

1870 H. J. Clarke

APPENDICES

427

1870 Wm.
1870 Wm.
1870 Thos.

Dobson
Maggs
Marshall

1870 W. W. Brewer
1870 J. F. Betts

PROBATIONERS IN THE N. B. AND P. E. I. CONFERENCE IN 1874:

B.

1870 John Ellis

1870 Silas James

1871 J. T. Baxendale
1871 R. S. Crisp
1871 G. M. Campbell
1871 C. W. Hamilton
1871 Aquila Lucas
1871 Wm. Tippett
1871 J. C. Berrie
1871 G. W. Fisher
1871 Wm. Harrison
1871 J. W. Doull, A. B.

1871 A. R. B. Shrewsbury

1872 James Crisp
1872 Edwin Turner

CANDIDATES ADMITTED BETWEEN 1874 AND 1884:

1873 Wm. Lawson
1873 Edward Bell
1873 H. R. Baker, A.

1873 Wm. Penna

1874 C. H. Manaton
1874 J. K. King
1874 S. E. Colwell
1874 Edward Jenkins
1874 D. H. Lodge

1874 Benj. Chappell, A. B
1874 Richard Opie
1874 F. Freeman
1874 Bernard Copping
1874 John Tinling

1875 George Steel
1875 J. F. Estey
1875 John Goldsmith
1875 W. R. Pepper
1875 Wm. Wass
1875 Thos. Hicks
1875 Wm. Fielder
1875 Wm. J. Kirby
1875 Thos. Stebbings

1875 T. L. Williams

1876 Henry Penna

1876 M. R. Knight, A. B.

1877 Albert Hagarty
1877 S. C. Wells
1877 W. B. Thomas
1877 F. S. Rogers

1878 W. E. Johnson, A. B.

1879 J. W. Wadman, A. B.
1879 A. C. Bell

1879 D. D. Moore. A. B.

1879 A. D. McCully, A. B.

1880 Thomas Pierce

1880 S. B. Gregg, A. B.

1881 J. W. Tait
1881 S. Howard

1883 A. P. Taylor

1884 Neil McLauchlan
1881 Clement Williams

1881 Frederic Black

1882 George F. Dawson

1883 R. W. Clements

Probationers who dropped out .between 1874 and 1884 before com
pleting the usual period of four years:

1875 J. W. Doull, B. A.
1877 B. Copping
1877 J. Tinling
1877 Wm. Fielder
1879 Edward Jenkins

1880 Albert Hagarty
1880 F. S. Rogers
1880 Fred Freeman
1883 S. B. Gregg, B. A.
1883 Frederic Black

Ministers who retired to enter the worfc elsewhere between 1874
and 1884:

1875 C. W. Dockrill United States

1876 J. Waterhouse England

1876 James Taylor Nova Scotia

1876 Geo. O. Huestis Nova Scotia

1879 John Lathern Nova Scotia

1881 W. W. Percival Newfoundland

1882 Ben. Chappell, B. A British Columbia

1883 J. T. Baxendale United States

1883 John F. Betts British Columbia

1883 S. E. Colwell North West

1883 Clement Williams North West

1883 W. W. Colpitta North West

Ministers who resigned betwe-en 1874 and 1884:
Robert H. Taylor

HISTORY OF METHODISM

Ministers who came into the N. B. and P. E. I. Conference be
tween 1874 and 1884:

1876 John Lathern Nova Scotia

1876 Geo. B. Payson Nova Scotia

1876
1879

David Kennedy, S. T. D Toronto

John Read Nova Scotia

1881 Job Shenton Newfoundland

1883 B. Chappell, M. A British Columbia

The N. B. and P. E. I. Conference of The Methodist Church was
organized in -St. John, N. B., June 25th, 1884, Rev. John Read, Presi
dent, Rev. Robert "Wlilson, Secretary. It was composed of the ministers
and Laymen elected 'by Districts. As this was the first Conference in
which Laymen h.ad an equal part with ministers we give the names of
the laymen: —

ST. JOHN DISTRICT

J. Willard Smith
Joseph Bullock
John Hopkins
E. D. Whiteside
W. D. Baskin
R. Whiteside
J. A. McNaught
H. J. Thome
Jos. Prichard
J. E. Irvine
E. T. C. Knowles
Gilbert Bent

James A. White
I. N. Coates
A. J. Sinnott
James Trueman
James Myles
R. A. Hagarty
Robt. McAfee
J. M. Hutchings
George Inch
John Youngclans
Hezekiah Porter

FREDERICTON DISTRICT

C. B. Barker
Asa Burpee
Dr. Coulthard
W. Temple Day
George Hatt
Leonard Inch
Martin Lemont
G. L. Holyoak
Alex. Lindsay
Alex. Harron

Geo. Whittaker
J. J. Anslow
Enoch Tweedie

John Griffiths
Wm. Johnson
Wm. Munroe
G. C. P. Palmer
Alfred Rowley
Thos. Taylor
G. W. White
James Watts
J. J. Weddall

MIRAMICHI DISTRICT

S. T. Stumbles
John Windsor
Allen McKendrick

SACKVILLE DISTRICT

James R. Inch
James D. Dixon
Joseph L. Black
John Fawcett
Martin Trueman
Martin Chapman
Allen Wells
Geo. R. Sangster
Enoch Price

Walter Dobson
Andrew Anderson
G. M. Black
Thos. Nicholson
George Ackman
Cyrus Goodwin
Howard Trueman
C. A. Bowser

APPENDICES

429

ST. STEPHEN DISTRICT

J. D. Chipman
John Veazey
T. C. Stevenson

James Stevenson
J. W. Stevenson
Henry Henry

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND DISTRICT

W. G. Strong
J. R. Beer
Dr. Johnson
J P. Stewart
J. M. Hood
W. E. Dawson
J. Sellar
J. Bentley
C. C. Carleton
N. Peardon

J. Balderson
R'd Pickard
G. M. Clarke
S. Prowse
J. Henry
Wm. Heard
T. Drake
J. W. Clarke
S. B. Reid
J. Tweedle

Candidates admitted to N. B. and P. E. I. Conference between 1884
and 1925:—

1885 A. B. Calder

1886 F. Frizzle
1886 T. R. Wright

1886 W. A. Taylor, B. A.
1886 Geo. E. Locke

1886 W. C. Matthews

1887 Alex. D. McLeod
1887 F. A. Wrightman

1887 G. P. C. Palmer

1888 J. B. Gough
1888 A. C. Dennis
1888 Geo. M. Young

1888 R. Houghton

1889 J. S. Gregg

1889 W. J. Howard, B. A.
1889 W. F. Taylor
1889 Harry Harrison, B. A.
1889 Henry Warman
1889 E. S. Barker, B. A.
1889 S. A. Bailey

1889 J. B. Young

1890 Humphrey Gilbert,

1891 D. B. Bailey
1891 A. E. Chapman
1891 H. D. Marr
1891 J. W. McConnell
1891 E. L. Ramsay
1891 W. P. Read '
1891 G. A. Sellar
1891 W. A. Thomas

1891 L. J. Wason

1892 J. B. Howard

1892 H. P. Gillespie

1893 H. Pierce
1893 C. H. Rice
1893 H. S. Young
1893 J. A. Ives
1893 John Dystant
1893 Josiah Champion
1893 Wallace Bryenton
1893 W. J. Buchanan

1893 L. J. Leard

llll g: 2: BcaoSstone- B- A-

1894 L,. R. McDonald

1895 R. J. Campbell
1895 Geo. A. Ross

1895 Wm. E. Smith
1895 R. G. Fulton

1895 Wm. B.. Tennant

1896 H. E. Thomas
1896 H. C. Rice
1896 E. M. Smith

1896 D. R. Chowen

1897 A. E. Parkins

1897 Jacob Heaney, B. A.

1898 Hammond Johnson

1899 J. M. Rice
1899 John A. Seller

1899 W. Rogers Pepper

1900 H. H. Marr
1900 E. C. Hennigar
1900 J. J. Pinkerton
1900 H. C. McNeill
1902 Geo. Ayers

1902 J. N. Wilkinson

1903 Geo. Morris

1903 L. H. Jewett

1904 E. J. Shanklin, B. A.

1904 H. S. B. Strothard, B. A.
1904 E. S. Weeks, B. A.
1906 C. F. Stebbings
1906 T. S. Crisp
1906 H. F. Ball

1906 J. T. Rowley

1907 J. T. Costain
1907 Geo. S. Patterson

1907 A. J. Gould

1908 F. T. Bertram
1908 F. J. R. Crisp
1908 P. A. Fitzpatrick
1908 F. H. M. Holmes
1908 J. W. Howe, B. A.
1908 W. B. Leard

1908 E. Rowlands

1908 G. W. Tilley, B. A.

1909 S. C. Ratcliffe, B. A.
1909 C. Graham

1909 G. N. Somers

1909 B. W. Turner

1910 F. H. Littlejohns
1910 T. A. McDonald
1910 O. V. Peters
1910 W. F. Taylor

430

1911 G. S. Helps
1911 H. T. Smith

1911 W. J. Domville

1912 Robt. Smart
1912 R. C. Dalzell

1912 Geo. T. Metherall

1912 Geo. Sparks

1913 J. Whitman

1913 A. E. Tingley

1914 E. Pytche

1914 J. L. Lund

1915 W. S. Godfrey, B. A.
1915 G. A. D. Elliot

1915 W. J. Mclntyre

1915 J. H. McLellan

1916 Mason S. Linton
1916 Bruce E. Carew

1916 A. C. Motyer

1917 Hewlett C. Upton

1919 Chas W. Keirstead

1920 Chester N. Brown

1921 Robt. H. Baxter
1921 Geo. R. Fitzpatrick
1921 George Readman

1921 Arthur G. Haberlin

1922 Richard A. Dawson
1922 Harold J. Rowley
1922 John W. Hughes
1922 Richard Vincent
1922 Robt. C. Wright

1922 Gordon Stevens

1923 Albert G. Batstone

1923 Thos. Palethorpe

1924 Edward A. Betts

1924 Wm. T. R. Flemington,
M. A.

1924 John W. Barbour

1925 George D. Young
1925 Warren J. Domville
1925 Hollis P. Tupper
1925 W. J. Duchemin

Ministers who withdrew to enter the work elsewhere between
1884 and 1924:—

1885 D. Kennedy, S. T. D Toronto Conference

1887 J. W. Wadman, A. B British Columbia

1888 S. R. Ackman Nova Scotia

1888 W. E. Reynolds Montreal Conference

1889 J. W. Tait United States

1889 J. W. Tredrea Montreal Conference

1890 H. P. Cowperthwaite, A. M Newfoundland

1890 B. Chappell, A. M Japan

1890 D. D. Moore, A. M India, M. E. C.

1890 E. S. Barker, A. B Manitoba

1891 John Burwash, D. Sc., Toronto Conference

1892 Wm. Dobson Nova Scotia

1894 T. J. Deinstadt Nova Scotia

1898 Joseph Seller, M. A Nova Scotia

1899 B. H. Balderson, B. A British Columbia

1902 R. W. Weddall, B. A Nova Scotia

1902 L. R. McDonald, B. A Manitoba

1902 S. A. Bayley, B. A Manitoba

1903 H. R. Baker, B. A Nova Scotia

1903 H. C. McNeil Manitoba

1904 J. W. Wilkinson Manitoba

1905 Geo. W. Fisher Montreal Conference

1905 W. J. Howard, B. A Alberta

1905 J. A. Seller, B. A Alberta

1907 R. W. J. Clements Alberta

1908 W. H. Spargo Montreal

1909 Geo. M. Young Nova Scotia

1909 R. G. Fulton British Columbia

1910 J. J. Durant London Conf.

1910 J. W. McConnell Nova Scotia

1910 R. C. Ratcliffe (Prob.) Alberta

1910 J. F. Rowley (Prob.) Alberta

1911 J. A. Rogers, D. D Newfoundland

1912 M. R. Knight, B. A Nova Scotia

1912 W. J. Dean Nova Scotia

1912 W. P. Leard (Prob.) Alberta

1913 J. L. Batty Manitoba

1913 C. R. Flanders, D. D London

1913 J. Strothard Nova Scotia

1914 W. F. Gaetz Hamilton

1914 Neil McLaughlan Nova Scotia

1916 Geo. J. Bond, LL.D Newfoundland

1919 R. G. Fulton Nova Scotia

1920 A. C. Motyer London

APPENDICES 431

1920 J. E. Whitham Hamilton

1920 W. G. Lane Nova Scotia

1920 John S. Allen British Columbia

1921 Aquila Lucas London

1921 W. H. Barraclough, B. A Bay Quinte

1922 Hammond Johnson Newfoundland

1923 J. B. Champion London

1923 H. B. Clarke Nova Scotia

1923 M. E. Conron Hamilton

1925 H. D. Marr Alberta

1925 E. V. Tilton Hamilton

1925 J. W. Hughes Nova Scotia

Minsters who came into the N. B. and P. E. I. Conference between
1884 and 1924: —

1884 S. H. Rice.., Bible Christian Church

1884 J. M. Tredrea Bible Christian Church

1884 W. H. Spargo Bible Christian Church

1884 W. E. Reynolds Bible Christian Church

1887 Ralph Brecken, A. M Nova Scotia

1888 Fletcher H. W. Pickles Nova Scotia

1888 Jeremiah Embree Newfoundland

1892 Joseph Parkins Newfoundland

1893 John J. Teasdale Nova Scotia

1898 Thomas J. Deinstadt Nova Scotia

1901 Charles Flemington Newfoundland

1902 Jabez A. Rogers Nova Scotia

1903 James Strothard Nova Scotia

1904 Harold G. Alder West Indies

1904 William Dobson Nova Scotia

1904 W. Gladstone Watson, B. D Toronto

1904 Benj. O. Hartman Primitive Methodist U. S. A.

1904 Charles K. Hudson Newfoundland

1905 C. W. Squires, M. A Newfoundland

1906 J. L. Dawson, B. A Newfoundland

1906 Hugh Miller Newfoundland

1907 Walter J. Dean Newfoundland

1907 Ernest A. Westmoreland Newfoundland

1907 Ernest E. Styles West Indies

1908 Charles R. Flanders, D.D Montreal

1909 Richard W. Weddall, B. A Nova Scotia

1909 George Orman Reformed Episcopal Church

1909 John J. Durrant Newfoundland

1909 Henry A. Brown United Baptist Church

1909 Ernest Pugh (Prob.).. Newfoundland

1910 Arthur Whiteside Manitoba

1910 James L. Batty Nova Scotia

1910 E. H. Creed West Indies

1910 Wilfred F. Gaetz Nova Scotia

1910 Gilbert Earle West Indies

1911 William G. Lane Nova Scotia

1911 James F. Rowley Alberta

1912 George M. Young Nova Scotia

1913 "W". H. Barraclough, B. A , London

1913 H. A. Goodwin Manitoba

1914 Matthew E. Conron, M. A Hamilton

1915 George J. Bond, LL.D Nova Scotia

1915 Frank E. Boothroyd Alberta

1915 Willis B. Leard Alberta

1915 Kenneth Kingston (Prob.) Alberta

1916 Neil McLauchan Nova Scotia

1918 Henry Scott Newfoundland

1919 Samuel D. Webster Alberta

1919 George W. F. Glendenning, M. A Nova Scotia

1920 Harry B. Clarke Nova Scotia

1920 Wofford, M. Ryan Nova Scotia

1921 Robert G. Fulton Nova Scotia

1921 E. Val Tilton Bay Quinte

432 HISTORY OF METHODISM

1922 J. F. Denney British Guiana

1923 Joseph H. Philp, Ph. D Montreal

1923 Arthur W. Brown London

1923 Walter Vey Newfoundland

1923 John T. Cavers Hamilton

1925 H. Irvine Hamilton

1925 W. H. Palmer Nova Scotia

Ministers of the N. B. and P. 'E. I. Conference who, for various
reasons withdrew since 1884: —

1892 S. C. Wells 1911 W. Rogers Pepper

1895 J. B. Howard 1915 T. A. McDonald

1895 W. Tippett 1918 G. Earle

1897 R. H. Colpitts 1918 C. W. Squires

1901 R. J. Campbell 1919 B. O. Hartman

1902 W. B. Tennant 1919 K. Kingston

1904 J. Dystant 1919 A. E. Tingley

1905 H. G. Alder 1921 G. S. Helps

1905 J. Goldsmith 1923 Geo. S. Patterson

1908 F. Frizzle 1924 W. S. Vey

(Probationers who dropped out of the N. B. and P. E. I. Conference
since 1884 before completing the full period of four years: — 1888, T.
R. Wright and A. B. Calder; 1889, G. E. Locke; 1890, W. F. Taylor and
R. J Houghton; 1892, iH. Warman and W. A. Taylor; 1894, H. Gilbert;
1895, E. H. Gough; 1909, E. Pugih; 1910, H. F. Ball; 1912, W. F. Taylor;
1913, Geo. Sparks; 1914, R. C. Dalzell.

APPENDIX D.
NEWFOUNDLAND CONFERENCE NAMES AND FIGURES

The Newfoundland Conference of the Methodist Church of Canada
was organized in the George Street Church, St. Johns, Newfoundland,
Aug. 6th, 1874. Rev. George S. Milligan, A. M., President; Rev. Thos.
Harris, Secretary. The members of the Conference, arranged accord
ing to seniority, were as follows, viz:

1828 Wm. E. Shenstone 1861 Joseph Pascoe

1840 John S. Peach 1861 Charles Ladner
1854 George S. Milligan, A. M. 1866 John Reay

1854 Thomas Harris 1866 George Forsey

1855 James Dove 1870 Charles Pickles

1856 Thomas Fox 1870 Solomon Matthews
I860 John Goodison

PROBATIONERS IN 1874:

1870 F. G. Willey 1873 G. H. Bryant

1871 J. G. Currie 1873 R. W. Freeman
1871 Jer. Embree 1873 Alex. McGregor
1871 Wm. Swann 1873 John Pratt
1871 S. B. Dunn 1874 Arthur Hill
1871 Thos. H. James 1874 Joseph Lister

1871 G. J. Bond, A. B. 1874 Harry Hatcher

1872 T. W. Atkinson 1874 Jesse Heyfleld
1872 George Boyd 1874 James Pincock
1872 James Nurse 1874 Edgar Taylor

1872 Charles Myers 1874 Henry Lewis

1873 J. P. Bowell 1874 George Paine
1873 John Dixon 1874 J. B. Heal
1873 Jaber Hill 1874 Wm. Jennings
1873 Jos. Parkins 1874 W. B. Seccombe
1873 Sam Snowdon

APPENDICES

CANDIDATES ADMITTED BETWEEN 1874 AND 1884:

1875 Jas. Alexander 1882 C. J. -Duffill

1875 D Gwilym 1882 J. J. Mawson

1875 Wm Kendall 1882 F. R. Duffleld

1875 Robert Bramfltt 1882 Samuel Jennings

1875 Wm. H. Edyvean 1882 R. B. Hemlaw

1876 George Bullen 1883 James Munro
1876 Lewis Rickings 1883 Samuel Reed
1876 Wm. R. Tratt 1883 Wm. Rex

1876 G. P. Story 1883 G C. Frazer

1877 John Peters 1883 Mark Fenwick
1877 T L. Bland 1883 W. H. Browning

1877 Jos. A. Jackson 1883 Levi Curtis

1878 George Vater 1883 Charles Lench
1878 James Wilson 1883 J. B. J. Smith

1880 Arthur Cheeseman 1883 J. T. Newman

1881 James Lumsden 1883 J. W. Vickers

1881 Henry Abraham 1883 Herbert Hooper

1882 W. W. Rider 1884 Henry Scott
1882 W. T. D. Dunn 1884 Theo. Howe
1882 George Noble 1884 Thomas Wilson

Ministers who withdrew to enter the work elsewhere between
1874 and 1884:

1875 George Porsey Montreal

1875 Chas. Pickles England

1878 S. B. Dunn Nova Scotia

1881 Job Shenton N. B. & P. E. I.

1882 Jos. Pascoe N. B. & P. E. I.

1883 Thos. Harris Montreal

1883 Chas. Ladner Toronto

1883 Chas. Myers Toronto

1883 J. P. Bowell Toronto

1883 W. B. Seccombe Toronto

1883 R. B. Hemlaw (Prob.) Toronto

1883 J. A. Jackson (Prob.) Toronto

1883 John Peters Toronto

1878 Job Shenton N. B. & P. E. I.

1881 W. W. Percival N. B. & P. E. I.

Candidates whose names were dropped between 1874 and 1884 be
fore completing the usual period of Probation: —

1876 J. Alexander 1883 W. W. Rider

1877 D. Gwilym 1883 J. J. Mawson
1877 Lewis Richings 1883 T. R. Duffield
1879 A. McGregor 1884 Jos. Munro
1881 T. L. Eland

IMinlisters who became Supernumeraries and those who died "be
tween 1874 and 1884.

See Appendices E. and F

The Newfoundland Conference after the second Union was held
in Gower Street, St. John's, July 1st, 1884, Rev. G. S. Milligan, LIL.D.,
President; Rev. G. J. Bond, M. A., .Secretary. As this was the first
Conference at which lajymen were admitted we give thelir names: —

434

HISTORY OF METHODISM

ST. JOHN'S DISTRICT

G. Gear
R. K. Bishop
C. R. Ayre
J. J. Rogerson
B. White
John Woods

W. J. Hears
J. Steer
W. F. Burns
J. E. Peters
H. J. B. Woods

CARBONEAR DISTRICT

J. L. McNeill
A. Black
A. Penny
W. Lamb
Joshua Bartlett
W. Noseworthy
A. J. Crocker
J. Bermister

B. Parsons
Ed. Parsons
J. Trapnell
W. Boone
J. C. Moore
John Lewis
J. Garland
Apollos Thompson

BONAVISTA DISTRICT

G. S. Green
T. C. Duder
P. Saunways
Elijah Burry
George Reader
Wm. Bartlett

J. Batstone
A. Vincent
J. G. Lucas
E. Knight
Simon Manuel

PROBATIONERS IN 1884

1880
1881
1881
1882
1882
1882
1883
1883
1883
1883
1883

A. Cheeseman
Henry Abrahams
Jas. Lumsden
W. T. D. Dunn
S. H. Jennings

F. R. Dufflll
Levi Curtis
Ch. Lench

G. C. Frazer
W. H. Browning
J. W. Vickers

1883 Samuel Reed
1883 Wm. Rex
1883 J. B. Smith
1883 Mark Fenwick
1883 Herbert Hooper

1883 J. T. Newman

1884 T. C. Simpson
1884 Theop. Howe
1884 Henry Scott
1884 Thomas Wilson

CANDIDATES ADMITTED BETWEEN 1884 AND 1925

1885
1885
1885
1886
1886
1886
1886
1886
1886
1886
1887
1887
1887
1887
1888
1888
1888
1888
1888
1888
1889
1889
1889

M. J. Stevens
J. C. Sidey
J. E. Manning
W. J. Bartlett
A. A. Holmes
W. Harris
J. J. Wheatley
T. B. Darby
W. H. Adams
A. McAusland
H. J. Indoe
Jas. Smith
John Pye
John Humphries
John Lewis
Alfred Skinner
Akroyd Stoney
Jabez Moore
John E. Peters
Albert Gale
W. H. Dotchon
J. K. Kelley
H. J. Whitmore

1889 S. J. Hull

1889 W. J. Hutcheson

1889 S. J. Russell

1890 W. J. Seeley
1890 J. J. Durant
1890 Selby Jefferson

1890 W. Patterson

1891 W. B. Ambrose
1891 George Stoney
1891 Herbert Clegg
1891 C. Flemington
1891 Edwin Moore

1891 Arthur Antle

1892 Wm. Stratton
1892 Bramwell Peck
1892 Thomas E. Roberts
1892 Geo. E. Heal

1892 C. W. Follett
1892 John J. Blythe

1892 Francis G. Drake

1893 Charles W. Squires
1893 Charles Howse
1893 W. W. Edmondson

436

1893 A. E. Rowson
1893 R. K. Peck
1893 Thos. W. Harwood
1893 Eugene Forsey
1893 W. J. Luscombe

1893 Edgar Jones

1894 James Opie

1895 Wm. A. Palmer
1895 John K. Curtis
1895 Alex. Hoskins
1895 Geo. Burry

1895 Samuel Halfyard
1897 Chas. K. Hudson
1897 John W. Bartlett
1897 Chas. R. Durrani

1897 Fred W. Matthews

1898 Jabez R. Saint
1898 H. J. Creasey

1898 R. H. Maddock

1899 Frank S. Hollett

1900 Chas. Hackett
1900 H. G. Bandey

1900 Chas. A. Whitemarsh

1901 Hugh Miller
1901 Richard L. Rowe
1901 John J. Sparks
1901 Edwin Lewis
1901 Henry Godfrey

1901 iilzra Broughton

1902 R'd W. Bell
1902 Walter J. Dean
1902 Sidney Bennett
1902 E. Pollit Ward
1902 Arther Crossley

1902 Ernest Westmoreland
1902 Wm. Hollingsworth
1902 F. A. Sykes
1902 Frank E. Boothroyd
1902 Wm. J. Morris
1902 Edward Andrews
1902 Arminius Young

1902 Harry G. Coppin

1903 Geo. A. Steel
1903 John T. Beagarie
1903 R. H. Mercer
1903 Richard Blount
1903 T. D. Jones

1903 W. A. Harrison
1903 Robt. L. Biggs
1903 Elijah French
1903 Wm. M. Muir
1903 Wm. Grimes

1903 Peter Bryce

1904 Samuel H. Soper
1904 Isaac French
1904 Harry Royle
1904 Archer Wallace
1904 J. W. Guy

1904 Edwin J. Pratt
1904 John Line
1904 Solomon Hann
1904 Ernest Baines

1904 Wm. H. Pike

1905 Henry G. Hatcher
1905 Charles E. Powell
1905 Archibald G. Young
1905 James Bright

1905 Francis J. Haden

1905 Wm. H. Webber

1906 Ernest Codling

1906 Wilbert B. Bugden
1906 James Leach
1906 Robt. S. Smith
1906 Frank Dickinson
1906 Wm. Wilson
1906 Robt. C. Tait
1906 H. B. Parnaby
1906 Ed. A. Wooley
1906 Simon Edwards
1906 Wm. J. Mumford
1906 Arthur W. Dycer
1906 John W. Winsor
1906 Job Moore

1906 Ernest Pugh

1907 Thos. S. Alty

1907 Allan O. Birchenough
1907 Wm. P. Wornell
1907 L. E. G. Davies
1907 Allan S. Adams
1907 F. J. Armitage
1907 Norman M. Guy
1907 Alfred Bishop
1907 Wm. S. Mercer
1907 G. G. Burton
1907 F. H. Philipson
1907 Geo. B. Pickering

1907 Chas. H. Brown

1908 John F. Bishop
1908 Thos. Pitcher
1908 F. W. Sawdon
1908 W. H. S. Williams
1908 John Hurst

1908 Levi Halfyard

1908 Jos. W. Noseworthy

1908 W. P. Scarth

1908 C. W. Legge

1908 Frank D. Cotton

1908 John T. Stapleton

1908 Jos. Jones

1908 Wm. M. Grandy

1908 Ananias Mercer

1909 Jos. G. Boyles
1909 Geo. Forshaw
1909 Alfred F. Bamford
1909 James Holmes
1909 Peter Williams
1909 Harry Craner
1909 Alfred Thorpe
1909 Thos. B. Moody
1909 A. Doggett

1909 Fred G. Purchase
1909 Edgar V. Young
1909 Wm. H. Norman
1909 Walter W. Cotton
1909 Elijah Coish
1909 Walter H. Palmer
1909 J. A. Wilkinson

1909 Albert E. Stephenson

1910 J. V. Westlake
1910 R. A. Brook
1910 Robt. F. Mercer
1910 A. C. Pollard
1910 Wm. R. Seeley
1910 Geo. L. Mercer
1910 R'd. H. Ball

1910 Chester Harris, B. A.
1910 Henry Allenby
1910 Wm. G. Day

1910 A. J. Waterman

1911 Jos. G. Joyce

436

HISTORY OF METHODISM

1911 Eli R. Anthony

1917 Eugene Vaters

1911 Kenneth Richards

1917 Roland T. Moores

1911 Nathaniel Cole

1917 Boyce P. Pardy

1911 Wm. J. Arms

1917 W. J. Moores

1911 Ira F. Curtis

1917 J. A. Spencer

1911 Wm. H. McKirdy

1917 D. E. Freake

1911 Louis G. Hudson

1917 A. F. Brett

1911 Baxter J. Warr

1918 Arthur H. Boyles

1911 F. C. Weir

1918 Lorenzo Dawe

1911 Samuel Sargeant

1918 L. W. Blunden

1911 Oliver Jackson

1919 Levi Hussey

1911 Alex. V. Robb

1919 Arthur E. Blunden

1912 Stephen J. Pike

1919 Gilbert Ivany

1912 T. M. Gillingham

1919 H. R. Bursey

1912 Ernest Davis

1919 A. C. LeGrow

1912 Chas. F. Davis

1919 Maxwell Parsons

1912 John W. Baggs

1919 Ronald Vatcher

1912 Geo. Patten

1920 Selby W. Francis

1912 B. F. Parsons

1920 Samuel R. Cooper

1912 Walter Vey

1920 Henry G. Turtle

1912 Samuel J. Baggs

1920 Benj. Bowering

1912 John G. Myers

1920 Alfred R. Baggs

1912 Wm. R. Butler

1920 Sydney G. Garland

1912 Elijah Mercer

1920 Wm. Thistle

1912 S. J. Hillier

1921 Robt. Atkinson

1912 Alex. Patterson

1921 Albert Abbott

1913 Edgar Mercer

1921 Geo. S. Johnson

1913 H. C. Suter

1921 Edward Lacey

1913 Isaac Davis

1921 Jos. K. Lewis

1914 Hubert Wells

1921 Ernest M. F. Howse

1914 N. A. James

1921 Harvey Russell

1914 Chas. F. Adey

1921 Robt. E. Belben

1914 T. J. Pitt

1921 Thos. W. Tyson

1914 Cater Winsor

1921 Bond Brown

1914 Augustus Roberts

1921 James Sweetapple

1914 Albert Johnson

1921 A. McKenley Rose

1914 H. H. Gillingham

1922 Frank S. Hewitt

1914 F. W. Sellers

1922 Sydney Rowe

1914 John W. Parsons

1922 Samuel Taylor

1914 C. Gaukrogers

1922 Francis J. Little

1914 T. G. Seeley

1922 Josiah Osmond

1914 G. S. Curtis

1922 Lester Bury

1914 Cyril M. Curtis

1922 W. S. Bishop

1914 Watson Boyes

1922 Charles L. Mitchell

1914 John N. Scevlour

1922 James P. Kay

1915 John T. Clarke

1922 Stephen Spurrell

1915 Samuel S. Milley

1923 Harold E. Parsons

1915 Arthur C. Francis

1923 F. Doherty

1915 Wm. T. Eddy

1923 Robt. J. Burton

1915 Alfred Tuff

1923 Geo. L. Morgan

1915 Geo. Wilkinson

1923 Eli Roberts

1916 H. W. Martin

1923 W. E. Cochrane

1916 Jesse L. Reynolds

1924 Wm. B. Perry

1916 Samuel I. Murley

1924 L. A. D. Curtis

1916 Ernest W. Mouland

1924 Harry L. Coole

1916 Geo. Butt

1924 Wm. B. Burry

1916 R'd. E. Gosse

1924 E. H. King

1916 Herbert Moores

1924 W. H. LeGrow

1916 Elijah Mercer

1924 Walter G. Jones

1917 James C. Hudson

Ministers who entered the

Conference .between 1S84 and 1924: —

1890 H. P. Cowperthwaite M

A N. B. and P. E. I.

1890 A. D. Morton. M A...

Nova Scotia

1900 J. L. Dawson, B. A. . .

Nova Scotia

1901 F. W. W. DesBarres, B

A Nova Scotia

1811 J. A. Rogers, D.. D

N. B. and P. E. I.

1914 D. B. Hemmeon. B. A

. . Nova Scotia

APPENDICES

437

1916 G. J. Bond, LL. D N. B. and P.E.I.

1918 E. W. Forbes, B. D Nova Scotia

1921 C. H. Johnson, B. D Nova Scotia

1921 R. E. Fairbairn Nova Scotia

1922 Hammond Johnson N. B. and P. E. I.

Probationers who for various reasons dropped out of the New
foundland Conference between 1884 and 1924 before completing usual
term of four years: —

1885 F. C. Simpson 1913

1886 A. Cheeseman 1914

1886 J. B. Smith 1914

1887 M. G. Stevens 1915
1887 Thos. Wilson 1915
1889 A. Gale 1916
1889 J. Humphries 1916
1892 Jabez Moore (to U. S. A.) 1917
1892 S. J. Hull 1919
1897 F. G. Drake 1919

1904 A. W. Crossley 1919
1S04 Edwin Lewis 1920

1905 W. A. Harrison 1920
1911 Job Moore 1921
1911 Simon Edwards 1922
1911 J. W. Noseworthy 1923
1913 G. E. W. Bryant

F. G. Martin
Peter Williams
Samuel Sargeant
W. H. Norman

A. D. Roberts
C. Gaukrodger

B. C. Henderson
J. G. Myers

C. Harris

F. M. Sellars

T. M. Gillingham

A. C. Francis

H. Moores

J. W. Parsons

J. A. Spencer

H. G. Way

Ministers and Probationers who withdrew from the Newfoundland
Conference between 1884 and 1925 to enter the work elsewhere: —

1884 W. W. Percival to B. C. 1900

1887 R. Bramfltt to U.S.A. 1900

1887 W. Jennings to U.S.A. 1900

1888 J. Embree to N.B. & P.E.I 1900
1888 G. Vater to U.S.A. 190!

1888 G. Lister to England

1889 W. H. Edyvean to N.S. 1901
1889 J. Bullen to 1901
1889 J. W. Vickers to

1889 J. B. Heal to N.S.

1890 Geo. Boyd to London, O. 1901

1890 S. Jennings to U.S.A. 1902

1891 J. E. Manning to U.S.A. 1903
1891 A. McCausland to U.S.A. 1903
1891 G. J. Bond, B.A. to N.S.

1891 Henry Lewis to Manitoba 1903

1891 John Lewis to Manitoba

1892 J. Parkins to N.B. & P.E.I. 1903

1893 J. Lumsden to N.S. 1903
1893 F. R. Dufflll to England 1903
1893 H. Abraham to U.S.A. 1903
1895 W. Seeley to Toronto 1903
1895 H. Hooper to 1904
1895 Wm. Rex to 1904

1895 A. C. Skinner to 1904

1896 J. K. Kelly to 1904

1897 C. W. Follett to Toronto

1897 F. G. Drake to 1904

1898 A. Stoney to B.C. 1904
1898 H. Clegg to B.C. 1904

1898 E. Jones to 1905

1899 J. J. Blythe to Montreal

1899 S. Jefferson to N.S. 1906

1899 R. K. Peck to Manitoba

1899 A. E. Rowson to 1906

1899 James Opie to 1906

1900 W. R. Tratt to N.S

John Pye to B.C.
Geo. Stoney to Manitoba
W. J. Hutcheson to
R. M. Bickle to
Jas. Smith, B.A. to Mani
toba

W. B. Ambrose to Manitoba
Wm. J. Bartlett to N.S.
C. Flemington to N.B. & P.
E.I.

Geo. E. Heal to
W. J. Luscombe to
H. J. Indoe, M.A., to N.S.
F. W. W. DesBarres, B.A.,
to N.S.

Wm. Patterson to London,
O.

S. J. Russell to
F. S. Hollett to
Eugene Forsey to
R. L. Rowe
F. W. Sykes to
Geo. Burry to Toronto
J. J. Wheatley to Toronto
Jabez Hill to Hamilton
C. K. Hudson to N.B. & P.
E I

H. G. Bandey to N.S.
Ed. Andrews to
R. W. Bell to
C. W. Squires, M.A., to N.
B. & P.E.I.

J. L. Dawson, B.A., to N.
B. & P.E.I.

H. Miller to N.B. & P.E.I.
Wm. Hollingsworth to Mon
treal

438

HISTORY OF METHODISM

1906 Sam'l Half yard to

1907 J. E. Peters, M.A., to Ham
ilton

1907 A. Hill to Bay Quinte
1907 W. J. Dean to N.B.&P.E.I.
1907 E. "Westmoreland to N.B. &
P.E.I.

1907 Tom J. Jones to Montreal

1908 C. R. Durrant to London
1908 R. L. Biggs to Saskatche
wan

1908 Peter Bryce to Toronto
1908 H. J. Creasy to London

1908 H. B. Parnaby to

1909 J. J. Durrant to N.B. & P.
E.I.

1909 Ernest Pugh to N.B. & P.

E.I.
1909 Archer Wallace to Toronto

1909 J. J. Sparks to

1910 J. W. Guy to Montreal
1910 F. J. Hayden to Montreal
1910 E. Codling to Toronto
1910 W. H. Pike to Alberta
1910 C. E. Powell to Alberta
1910 F. E. Boothroyd to Alberta
1910 James Bright to Sask.

1910 A, Bishop to
1910 E. A. Wooley

1910 A. O. Birchenough to

1911 J. V. Begarie to Sask.
1911 J. Line to Bay Quinte

1911 A. W. Dycer to N.S.
Jflll J. Leach to Montreal
'911 R. C. Tait to N.S.

x912 C. Hackett to Hamilton

1912 E. Baines, B.A., to N.S.
1912 E. J. Pratt to Alberta
1912 J. Jones to London
1912 J. F. Bishop to Toronto
1912 Solomon Hann to Alberta
1912 C. H. Brown to Montreal
1912 F. J. Armitage to N.S.
1912 S. Chancey to Alberta
1912 J. V. Westlake to

1912 T. S. Alty to

1913 A. F. Bamford to Toronto
1913 R. H. Ball to Saskatchewan
1913 F. Dickinson to N.S.

1913 A. S. Daggett to Montreal
1913 J. Hurst to Montreal
1913 C. W. Legge to Hamilton
1913 A. J. Mercer to Sask.
1913 A. E. Stephenson to Sask.
1913 J. T. Stapleton to Hamilton
1913 W. P. Wornell to Montreal
1913 A. G. Young to Toronto
1913 G. A. Steele to Toronto

1913 W.H.Webber to Bay Quinte

1914 A. Pollard to Sask.
1914 B. F. Parsons to Sask.
1914 V. E. Young to Sask.

1914 W. J. Mumford to Toronto
1914 H. Craner to Hamilton
1914 F. B. Moody to Montreal
1914 A. Thorpe to Nova Scotia
1914 W. H. Palmer to N.S.
1914 J. K. Curtis to Montreal

1914 F. W. Sawdon to N.B. & P.

E.I.

1914 J. W. Bartlett to N.S.
1914 James Holmes to

1914 R. G. Richards to

1915 R. A. Brook to London
1915 G. G. Burton to Montreal

1915 R. F. Mercer to Hamilton

1916 L. E. G. Davis to N.S.
1916 F. G. Purchase to Sask.

1916 H. Allenby to Montreal

1917 W. R. Seeley to N.S.
1TA7 Henry Godfrey to London
19.7 S. J. Pike to Montreal
191<4 N. M. Guy to Nova Scotia

1918 F. R. Matthews to Montreal
1918 H. Scott to N.B. & P.E.I.
1918 E. J. Coish to Hamilton
1918 H. C. Suter to Alberta
1918 F. G. Weir to Bay Quinte

1918 J. Pincock to Manitoba

1919 Chester Harris to

1919 L. Halfyard to Toronto

1919 J. N. Sceviour to Sask.

1920 C. A. Johnson to Montreal
1920 R. S. Smith to Montreal
1920 C. A. Adey to Montreal
1920 N. Cole to Nova Scotia
1920 B. J. Warr to Nova Scotia
1920 A. J. Waterman to Sask.
1920 H. Royle to London

1920 C. A. Whitemarsh to U.S.A.

1920 L. Dawe to

1920 W. M. Grandy to

1920 W. G. Day to

1920 A. C. Francis to

1920 H. Moores to

1921 H. A. Gillingham to Mon
treal

1921 A. Blundon to Nova Scotia
1921 Cater Winsor to N.S.
1921 A. S. Adams to Nova Scotia
1921 G. J. Bond to Nova Scotia
1921 D. B. Hemmeon to N.S.
1921 A. F. Marsh to Hamilton
1921 A. Patterson to
1921 W. H. McKirdy to

1921 W. H. Norman to

1922 G. S. Curtis to Manitoba
1922 A. A. Holmes to London
1922 E. W. Forbes to N.S.

1922 J. R. Saint to Nova Scotia
1922 Eugene Vaters to
1922 H. Wells to

1922 F. H. Philipson to

1923 A. V. Robb to London
1923 W. Vey to N.B. & P.E.I.
1923 H. G. Hatcher to

1923 Geo. Butt to

1923 W. W. Cotton to England

1923 J. C. Elliott to U.S.A.

1923 B. P. Pardy to

1924 A. F. Brett to Alberta
1924 W. T. Eddy to London
1924 S. Edgecombe to Sask.
1924 D. E. Freake to Sask.
1924 W. J. Moores to London
1924 R. C. White to Nova Scotia

APPENDICES

439

1924 W. B. Barnes to London

1925 R. B. Fairbairn to Ham
ilton

1925 C. M. Curtis to N.S.

1925 A. Anthony to Ur>it. States
1925 Josiah Osmond (Prob.) to
United States

APPENDIX E.
SUPERNUMERARY LIST

Ministers who were on the Supernumerary list in 1855, with the
number of years each had been in active wonk before retiring: —

James Home 35

R'd. Williams 40

Albert DesBrisay 24

William Bennett 36

William Croscombe 46

George Millar 3J

John B. Strong 37

Henry Pope, Snr 40

Average, 36 years.

Ministers who 'became Supernumeraries between 1855 and 1874
with the number of years each had been in active work before retiring:

Arthur McNutt 31

William Temple 39

Adam Nightingale 37

Matthew Richey, D.D 49

Samuel Avery 7

John Snowball 46

Michael Pickles 36

Wm. S. Cardy 29

Fred Smallwood 26

William Allen 23

Stephen Humphrey, M.A 12

Charles Gaskin 7

J. B. Brownell 35

W. E. Shenstone 40

Jas. G. Hennigar 47

J. V. Jost 39

Wm. Sargent. M.A 8

Richard Weddall 35

Thos. Angwin 34

James Buckley 29

Wm. Smithson 40

Richard Johnson 8

Thos. H. Davies 43

Edmund Botterell 33

Joseph Sutcliff e 9

Jas. R. Narraway, M.A 28

Ingham Sutcliffe 41

George Johnson 40

Alfred W. Turner 10

Robt. E. Crane 23

Thomas Smith 24

Charles De Wolfe, D.D 31

W. W. Perkins 12

F. W. Moore 17

Roland Morton 30

Wm. McCarty 27

Geo. M. Barratt 48 -

Average, 29 years.

Ministers who became Supernumeraries in the Nova Scotia Con
ference between 1874 and 1924 with their years of active service: —

James England 39

Elias Brettle 31

John McMurray 41

John S. Addy 42

John L. Sponagle 25

Robert Tweedy 25

Richey Bird 7

James Taylor 34

R. O'B. Johnson 21

A. W. Nicolson 36

Paul Prestwood 33

Richard Smith 43

John A. Mosher 26

Wm. Alcorn 33

James R. Hart 22

Christopher Lockhart 36

Robert A. Temple 32

George W. Tuttle 32

Robert Wasson 26

A. Fletcher Weldon 15

Geo. F. Day 17

Geo. O. Huestis 43

Alex. S. Tuttle 31

John W. Howie 34

John G. Bigney 31

Wm. C. Brown 35

Thos. D. Hart 35

J. B. Hemmeon 30

D. B. Scott 39

S. R. Ackman 32

Jos. G. Angwin 35

Jesse B. Giles 29

Cranswick Jost 37

John Lathern 44

William Ryan 42

Oskar Gronlund 12

T. Watson Smith 37

John Johnson 40

J. Mayhew Fisher 38

Joseph Gaetz 43

David Hickey 32

Aaron Kinney 11

R. B. Mack 41

C. W. Swallow 34

I. E. Thurlow 4»

E. E. England 40

440

S. F. Huestis 50

B. B. Moore 45

W. Alnley 40

J. S. Coffin 51

Geo. F. Johnson 37

C. M. Tyler 42

H. R. Baker 40

Benjamin Hill 40

Joseph E. Donkin 35

Wm. H. Evans 44

Win. Brown 44

Robert McArthur 44

Hubert C. McNeill 25

A. D. Morton 51

Wm. R. Tratt 40

J. B. Heal 44

A. Hockin. Snr 46

John Craig 45

Joseph Hale 49

John Asbury 47

H. J. Indoe 32

Robt. Williams 45

A. C. Borden 36

James Strothard 51

M. R. Knight 46

W. H. Langille 43

J. W. Prestwood 41

R. M. Browne 31

J. Blesedell 22

W. Nightingale 39

W. R. Turner 31

Geo. T. Bryant 14

B. C. Borden 49

L. Daniel 42

H. Burgess 39

Geo. J. Bond 47

A. Mitchell 11

H. P. Patterson 28

Geo. W. Whitman 43

(Returned to active work, 1925)

D. W. Johnson 60

A. M. Angus 14

F. J. Pentelow 40

Alban Daniel 44

Fred'k. Friggens 42

Average years in actve service
38.

Note: — These figures do not always mean the difference between
the years of entry and retirement. Some were supernumeraries tem
porarily, for one or more years, and some had a year or more leave
of absence. It is difficult to get the exact (figures in some cases.

Ministers who 'became Supernumeraries in the New Brunswick
and Prince Edward Island 'Conference between 1874 and 1924 wtith
their years of active service: —

Thos. J. Deinstadt 49

Joseph Parkins 33

John S. Allen 43

S. H. Rice 38

Daniel B. Bayley 15

Thomas Allen 39

C. W. Hamilton 39

Isaac Howie 43

I. N. Parker 45

Edward Bell 38

J. C. Berrie 41

W. A. Thomson 21

Wm. Wass 37

Wm. E. Johnson 33

Wm. Penna 41

John K. King 40

Thos. Stebbings 40

Henry Penna 44

W. H. Kirby 40

Thomas Pierce 36

Wm. G. Lane 43

Robt. S. Crisp 46

John L. Dawson 40

Wm. Harrison 49

E. C. Turner 47

A. Whiteside 48

George Orman 12

R. W. Weddall 52

Thos. Hicks 46

S. D. Webster 14

Wm. Lawson 48

Thomas Marshall 51

Wm. R. Pepper 47

J. A. Ives 29

Henry Pope, Jnr 32

Samuel W. Sprague 38

Humphrey Pckard 49

John Ellis 5

John Prince 33

Geo. B. Payson 27

Edwin Mills 13

William Tweedy 31

Robert Duncan 32

S. C. Wells 9

James A. Duke 30

Edwin Evans 31

Robert Wilson 38

Stephen T. Teed 35

Joseph Pascoe 30

C. W. Dutcher 32

Douglas Chapman 43

John J. Colter 27

Fred W. Harrison 30

George Harrison 31

A. E. LePage 34

F. H. W. Pickles 43

H. J. Clarke 25

Douglas H. Lodge 21

Elias Slackford 38

Charles Comben \ . .45

Aquila Lucas 27

(Mr. Lucas had many years
leave of absence to engage in
S. S. work)

John J. Teasdale 42

John A. Clark 36

W. W. Brewer 30

Charles Stewart 51

APPENDICES

441

A. C. Bell 44

A. D. McCully 46

C. W. Keirstead 8

Richard Opie 50

Samuel Howard 44

Average years in active work

35.80.

(Ministers who became Supernumeraries in the Newfoundland Con
ference between 1874 and 1925 with the number of their years in
active service: —

Thomas Fox 20

John S. Peach 36

Geo. H. Bryant 6

Thomas Harris 28

James Dove 33

Edgar Taylor 37

Geo. S. Milligan 45

Wm. Kendall 29

H. P. Cowperthwaite 50

John Reay 42

James Nurse 40

Samuel Snowdon 39

Francis G. Willey 40

Wm. Swann 42

George Paine 40

Thos. W. Atkinson 43

Thos. H. James 45

James Wilson 38

James Pincock 43

John T. Newman 40

W. T. D. Dunn 42

E. R. Anthony 13

Wm. Harris 38

Average years in active work
35.50.

442

APPENDIX 'F.
DECEASED MEMBERS OF THE BRITISH CONFERENCE

Who died in the work in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince
Edward Island and Newfoundland previous to the organization of the
Conference of Eastern British America: —

Entered

Yrs. in

!Min. Name

Time of Decease

Age Min.

1786 John Mann

.Feb. 26, 1817..

79 31

1786 James Mann

.Dec. 25, 1820

70 33

1795 Adam C. Avard

.March j!5, 1821

26 4

1793 Duncan McColl

.Dec. 18, 1830

76 37

1829 William McDonald

.March 16, 1834

33 5

1786 William Black

.Sept. 8, 1834

74 48

1808 William Ellis

.Sept. 21, 1837

50 29

1825 William Murray

. January 16, 1840

40 14

1836 Jesse Wheelock

.May 18, 1841

29 5

1834 Peter Sleep

.August 8, 1842

38 7

1836 Samuel McMasters

.Oct. 6, 1842

36 6

1806 James Knowlan

.March 17, 1845

66 39

1838 William Marshall

. January 9, 1846

34 7

1827 William Webb

.July 4, 1847

44 20

1806 Stephen Bamford

.August 14, 1848

77 41

1812 Sampson Busby

.March 31 1850

60 37

Average

52 22.7

DECEASED MEMBERS OF

THE CONFERENCE OF

EASTERN

BRITISH

AMERICA, 1855-74

Entered
Min. Name

Time of Decease

Yrs. in
Age Min.

1814 James Home

.July 10, 1856

68 42

1813 Richard Williams

.August 1. 1856

66 44

1843 Robert A. Chesley

.Nov. 27, 1856

39 13

1822 Albert DesBrisay

.May 24, 1857

61 34

1800 William Bennett

.Nov. 6, 1857

87 57

1810 William Croscombe

.August 26, 1859

72 49

1816 Richard Knight, D. D..

.May 23, 1860

72 43

1851 Thomas Gaetz

.Oct. 24, 1860

28 9

1851 Charles Gaskin

.March 10. 1861

32 7

1858 W. S. Shenstone

. August 31, 1861

24 3

1854 Samuel Avery

.Oct. 13, 1861

28 7

1856 Henry Holland

.Dec. 24, 1861

39 5

1853 W. C. McKinnon

. March 26, 1861

38 8

1827 William Smith

.Feb. 21, 1863

62 36

1826 John B. Brownell

.March 27, 1864

62 37

1828 Arthur McNutt

.May 12, 1864

68 35

1818 John Marshall

.July 12, 1864

77 46

1825 William Smithson

.May 15, 1866

69 41

1857 Joseph Sutcliffe

.Sect. 30, 1867

55 10

1817 George Millar

.July 14, 1869

84 52

1820 William Wilson

.Sept. 26, 1869

69 49

1813 John B. Strong

.May 16, 1870

80 57

1860 Alfred W. Turner

.Feb. 2T, 1871

32 10

1856 John Winterbotham

.March 21, 1871

42 14

1818 John Snowball

.Sept. 13, 1871

77 54

1834 W. T. Cardy

.July 27, 1871

57 37

1861 Samuel B. Martin

.Oct. 28, 1871

37 10

1846 Robert E. Crane

.June 28. 1872

54 26

APPENDICES 443

Entered Yrs. in

Min. Name Time of Decease Age Mm.

1820 William Temple May 18, 1873 83 53

1864 Henry L. Cranford May 13, 1873 31 9

1871 William H. Ibbitson, B.A.April 21, 1873 30 2

1834 Thomas Smith June 1, 1874 62 40

Average 56 29.7

DECEASED MINISTERS IN NOVA SCOTIA CONFERENCE SINCE

1874

Entered

Yrs. in

Min.

Name

Time of Decease

Age

Min..

1824

Thomas H. Davies

.Aug. 28, 1876

78

53

1864

Albert S. DesBrisay...

.Oct. 4, 1876

36

12

1865

Wm. Sargent

.March 3, 1877

36

12

1827

Michael Pickles

.April 9, 1877

80

53

1814

Henry Pope Snr

.July 6, 1877

89

64

1874

Wm. F. Penny, B. D..

.March 28, 1878

30

4

1837

James England

.Oct. 3, 1878

63

42

1838

Elias Brettle

.Dec. 9, 1881

63

43

1853

Robert Tweedy

.January 30, 1883

59

25

1831

Ingham Sutcliffe

.April 6, 1883

71

52

1821

Matthew Richey, D. D..

.Oct. 30, 1883

80

63

1836

John S. Addy

. January 6, 1884

76

48

1879

Lamert Stevens

.Aug. ,1883

30

4

1826

J. G. Hennigar

.Aug. 21, 1885

81

60

1873

Richey Bird

.Sept. 24, 1885

39

14

1843

C. Lockhart

.Nov. 10, 1887

67

45

1868

A. F. Weldon

.Jan. 18, 1890

52

20

1883

Benjamin E. Bond

.Feb. 25, 1890

39

7

1831

Thomas Angwin

.April 9, 1890

85

59

1836

James Buckley

.June 11, 1890

80

55

1841

Roland Morton

.Sept. 8, 1890

72

50

1833

John McMurray, D. D. .

.Dec. 26, 1890

76

58

1882

Thomas C. Hooper

.April 20, 1891

34

8

1830

George Johnson

.Aug. 21, 1891

83

62

1870

J. R. Borden

.Jan. 21, 1893

57

23

1828

Joseph F. Bent

.Mar. 19, 1893

87

65

1863

R. O. Johnson

.June 1, 1893

60

30

1869

Robt. A. Daniel Ph.D..

.Aug. 1, 1893

44

25

1834

E. Botterell

.Oct. 1, 1893

82

60

1855

Wro. Alcorn

.Mar. 1, 1894

64

39

1874

J. C. Ogden

.July 8, 1894

45

21

1888

Stan. C. Leonard, A.B. .

.April 21, 1895

29

7

1895

Wm. B. Jost, B.A

.Nov. 11, 1897

. 24

3

1855

James Tweedy

.Sept. 14, 1898

72

44

1856

John Cassidy

.Mar. 14, 1899

66

43

1850

George W. Tuttle

.April 23, 1901

77

51

1857

William C. Brown

May 7. 1901

66

44

1876

F. H. Wright, B.A., B.D.July 22, 1901

49

26

1875

W. H. Edyvean

.Sept. 3, 1901

48

27

1857

T. W. Smith, D.D., LL.DMarch 8, 1902

66

45

1900

J. R. K. Seller, B.A....

.Dec. 29, 1902

25

3"

1846

James Taylor

, .Jan. 22, 1903

82

57

1856

A. W. Nicolson

. une 28, 1903

72

47

1855

John Lathern, D.D. ...

, .Jan. 8, 1905

73

50

1846

George O. Huestis.

..Sept. 5, 1905

84

61

1852

John L. Sponagle

.Sept. 12, 1905

81

54

1888

Oskar Gronlund

Jan. 4, 1906

42

18

1889

John W. Turner

Feb. 20, 1906

42

17

1852

Paul Prestwood

July 3. 1906

82

55

1849

R. Alder Temple, D.D.

Jan. 23, 1908

82

59

1861

John A. Mosher

June 28, 1909

77

49

444 HISTORY OF METHODISM

Entered
Min.

Name

Time of Decease

Y
Age

rs. in
Min.

1873
1842
1868
1871

Wm. Purvis
Richard Smith
George F. Day
Jesse B. Giles

• Jan. 18, 1910
• Jan. 19, 1911
• Feb. 14, 1911
•June 20 1911

67
91
70
66

37
69
43
40

1900

A. Hockin, Jr

• June 1 1912

33

12

1873

J W Shepherdson

• June 14 1912

67

39

1890
1895
1867
1903
1881
1861
1873
1858
1857
1861
1858
1913
1912
1858
1860
1873

Wm. C. Perry
John P. Anthony
Samuel R. Ackman . . .
John W. Hobbs
James Lumsden
John Johnson
John Gee
Alexander S. Tuttle
John W. Howie
Joseph Gaetz
Isaac E. Thurlow
Philip L. Findley
Bert F. Cooper
David B. Scott
James R. Hart
John Craig

.Nov. 17, 1911
.Jan. 1, 1913
• Jan. 27, 1913
.Jan. 9, 1914
.April 25, 1915
.Nov. 7, 1915
.Sept., 1915
.June, 1916
.April 22, 1918
.Aug. 12, 1917
.Nov. 16, 1917
.Nov. 29, 1918
.Nov. 4, 1918
.Mar. 10, 1919
.Oct. 8, 1918
.April 18 1920

44
41

79
38
61
78
63
84
86
79
79

86
74

22
18
46
11
34
55
43
58
61
57
60
6
7
61
59
47

1873

J Hiram Davis

. April 17, 1921

74

48

1866
1884
1871
1862
1873

R. Barry Mack
William Phillips
J. Mayhew Fisher
Jos. B. Hemmeon
j. Hiram Davis

.Sept. 7, 1920
.Sept. 25, 1920
.Oct. 27, 1920
.Nov. 14, 1920
.April 17, 1921

83
62
71
83
74

55
37
50
59
48

1894

Alfred Lund

.April 30 1921

52

27

1888
1872
1871

Donald Farquhar
William Ainley
Eben E England

.Nov. 13, 1921
.Nov. 13, 1921
. May 24, 1922

65
73
74

34

50
51

1858
1875

Joseph S. Coffin ,
Benjamin Hills

.Oct. 30, 1922
,.May 30, 1923

85
70

65
48

1860

Thomas D Hart ,

, .July 12, 1923

86

63

1874

James B Heal ,

..March 16, 1924

77

49

1878

Joseph E. Donkin ,

, .Dec. 19th, 1924

68

46

Average 63 40

DECEASED MINISTERS IN THE N. B. AND P. E. I. CONFERENCE

SINCE 1874

Entered
Min.

Name

Time of Decease

Yrs. in
Age Min.

1856
1839
1845
1871
1834
1853
1853
1872
1868
1883
1853
1837
1871
1837
1837
1851
1838
1841

Stephen Humphrey. I
Richard Weddall

I.A.April 16, 1875

46
64
62
32
67
47
53
36
41
27
57
77
46
78
78
63
79
73

19
S7
33
6
44
27
29
14
18
4
37
53
20
54
54
41
55
53

....March 5 1876

William McCarty
John Ellis

Nov. 17, 1877
....July 26, 1877

George M. Barratt...

....August 14, 1878

Joseph Hart . ...

...March 17 1880

Hezekiah McKeown.
A. R. B. Shrewsbury
Edwin Mills
Allan P. Taylor....
Robert Duncan
Humphrey Pickard, ]
Jeremiah Embree.
Frederick Smallwood
Jeremiah V. Jost
John S. Phinney....
Samuel W. Sprague.
James R. Narrawav.

....Oct. 14, 1882
....July 31 1885

Dec. 14, 1885
Feb. 10, 1887
Feb. 7, 1890
3 D Feb 28 1890

Oct. 12, 1890
Nov. 2, 1890
Nov. 25, 1890
%...July 29, 1891
May 24 1893

M.AAue. 12. 1893...

APPENDICES 445

Entered
Min.

Name

Time of Decease

Yrs. in
Age Min.

1893
1888
1862
1870
1868
1830
1875
1874
1844
1861
1846
1860
1851
1886
1857
1871
1886
1863
1870
1870
1866
1858
1891
1855
1873
1866
1874
1858
1852
1862
1861
1853
1856
1853
1860
1857
1861
1870
1861
1870
1873
1857
1867
1864
1875
1901
1862
1915
1907
1865
1875
1872
1874
1912
1871
1872
1872
1907
1871
I860
1875
1907
1891

Cyrus H. Rice
Albert C. Dennis, B.A..
Charles \V. Dutcher...
William Maggs
Levi S. Johnson
Henry Daniel
T. L. Williams
D. H. Lodge
Henry Pope, D.D
F W^ Harrison

• Dec. 29, 1893
• Sept. 30, 1894
• Mar. 31, 1895
.Apr. 24, 1895
.June 24, 1895
.Nov. 8, 1896
.Apr. 14, 1897
.Jan. 14, 1900
.Feb. 8, 1900
June 18 1900

21
36
59
48
53
90
45
53
76
65

1
6
33
25
27
67
22
26
56
39
54
42
52
17
47
33
19
44
38
38
34
51
19
55
37
44
36
52
59
49
51
59
57
60
53
56
53
44
53
44
42
59
49
52
41
16
55
2
10
52
43
47
45
6
50
49
48
16
52
63
48
17
33

John Prince
Job Shenton

WYn Tweedie

.Sept. 13, 1900
.Dec. 11, 1901
Apr 3 1901

80
63
82

G. P. C. Palmer
John Read, D.D
Silas James
Wm. C. Matthews
John A. Clark, M.A
Ralph Brecken, D.D
William Dobson. D.D...
C. H. Paisley, M.A., D.E
F. H. W. Pickles
Daniel B. Bayley, B.A..
Charles Comben
Joseph Parkens
Wilson W. Lodge
Charles H. Manaton...

.Apr. 10, 1903
.July 10, 1903
.Dec. 29, 1903
.Mar. 24, 1905
.Apr. 14, 1907
.Aug. 26, 1907
.Oct. 27, 1907
> Jan 20 1908

44
68
60
38
70
61
63
65

.Nov. 2, 1908
.Sept. 5, 1909
.Sept. 12, 1909
.Nov. 14, 1909
.Apr. 8, 1910
.Apr. 15, 1910
May 31 1910

74
44
77
69
66
61
73

Charles Stewart, D.D. .
Isaac Newton Parker. . .
Joseph Pascoe
Robert Wilson, Ph.D...
Stephen T. Teed
Geo. B. Payson
Edwin Evans, D.D

.Aug. 24, 1910
Nov 15 1910

83
73

.Oct. 9, 1911
.June 24, 1912
.Nov. 15, 1912
.Jan. 5, 1913
.Feb. 7, 1913
May 20 1913

77
79
87
88
78
81

Elias Slackford
Waldron W. Brewer .
George Harrison
Chas. W. Hamilton
Edward Bell...

.Aug. 13, 1913
.Dec. 20, 1913
.Jan. 27, 1914
, .Mar. 15, 1914
May 31, 1915

82
65
81
63
70

Douglas Chapman, D.D
Stephen H. Rice ,
Isaac Howie
John F. Estey

..Dec. 3, 1915
..Jan. 18, 1916
..Aug. 1, 1915
..Aug. 20, 1915
Dec 26 1916

80
71
80
66
40

Howard Sprague, D.D.
Walter J. Mclntyre....
Alfred J Gould

..Oct. 29, 1916
..June 16, 1916
May 22, 1917

72
23
37

Alfred E LePage

June 26 1916

74

Thomas Stebbings
Geo. M. Campbell, D.l
John L. Dawson, B.A. .
George T. Metherall..
John C. Barrie
James Crisp
Edwin C Turner

..Jan. 7, 1918
3 Dec 25 1918

65
66

..Sept. 2, 1918
June 7, 1918

67
23

..Feb. 26, 1921
..May 21, 1921
June 25, 1921

80
72
70

Samuel D. Webster
William Harrison
John J Colter

..Jan. 1, 1923
..Jan. 31, 1923
May 27, 1923

40
75
87

George Steel

June 7, 1923

72

June 5, 1924

42

Edmund Ramsay

..Feb. 22, 1925

75

Average 63 38.7

446 HISTORY OF METHODISM

DECEASED MINISTERS IN THE NEWFOUNDLAND CONFERENCE

SINCE 1874

Entered Yrs. in

Min. Name Time of Decease Age Min.

1873 John Dixon.. August 4, 1876 26 4

1871 J. G. Currie May 8, 1878 27 7

1873 Geo. H. Bryant Sept. 17, 1879. 37 7

1828 Wm. E. Shenstone Dec. 11, 1880 77 52

1884 T. B. G. Howe Feb. 4, 1888 31 3

1856 Thomas Fox March 31, 1889 77 33

1860 John Goodison Feb. 21, 1890 53 29

1840 John S. Peach Sept. 18, 1891 81 52

1876 George P. Story July 7, 1894 41 19

1896 Henry B. Davenport Feb. 25, 1897 21 1

1892 Thomas E. Roberts Nov. 5, 1898 29 7

1854 George S. Milligan Jan'y. 23, 1902 73 48

1883 George C. Frazer June 7, 1902 47 19

1873 John Pratt March 15, 1904 64 31

1895 William A. Palmer Sept. 2, 1904 45 10

1855 James Dove Jan'y 2, 1908 81 52

1873 Robert W. Freeman August 19, 1908 60 36

1871 Solomon Matthews June 24, 1910 68 40

1875 William Kendall Oct. 28. 1910 62 36

1874 Jesse Heyfleld Dec. 20, 1911 62 38

1885 John C. Sidey Feb. 28, 1911 48 26

1874 H. C. Hatcher May 11. 1911 58 37

1908 William P. Scarth April 28, 1912 »26 4

1862 Jabez A. Rogers. D.D...Oct. 21, 1913 70 52

1903 Wm. M. Muir Sept. 30. 1914 38 12

1909 Joseph G. L. Boyles Sept. 16, 1914 27 6

1874 George Paine June 11, 1916 68 42

1873 Samuel Snowden Nov. 3, 1916 68 44

1911 John W. Baggs 1917 26 7

1901 E. Pollett Ward Aug. , 1919 43 19

1915 Alfred T. Noftle Aug. 22, 1921 29 7

1883 W. H. Browning Oct. 12, 1922 66 40

1915 W. S. Howell Jan'y 8, 1923 26 8

1916 Hayward W. Martin April 12, 1923 26 7

1907 W. S. Mercer Feb. 4, 1924 42 17

1019 Thos. G. Seeley March 25, 1924 25 5

1861 H. P. Cowperthwaite.D.DDec. 26, 1924 86 63

187? Thos. W. Atkinson Jan'y 12, 1925 78 52

Average 50 25

Expulsions — It is a matter of congratulation that out of the hun
dreds of men who have been connected wtih the Conferences of Eas
tern British America since 1855 less than a dozen have been expelled

from the ministry. The records are in the journals of the Confer
ences and as no good purpose would be conserved in publishing the
names we omit them. *Wm. P. Scarth's age estimated.

APPENDIX G.
CONFERENCE PLACES AND OFFICIALS

The place and time of meetings of the 'Conferences of Eastern
British America, with the names of Presidents, Co-Delegates and
Secretaries: —
1855— Halifax; J. Beecham*; M. Richey, D. D.; Wm. Temple.

1856— St. John; M. Richey, D. D.; ; Wm. Temple.

1857— Sackville; M. Richey, D. D.; R. Knight; H. Pickard.
1858— Halifax; M. Richey, D. D.; R. Knight; H. Pickard.
1859— Charlottetown; M. Richey. D. D.; R. Knight; H. Pickard.

APPENDICES 447

1860 — Fredericton; M. Richey, D. D.; ; H. Pickard.

1861— St. John; W. B. Boyce*; H. Pickard; J. McMurray.
1862— Halifax; H. Pickard, D. D.; C. De Wolfe, D. D.; J. McMurray.
1863 — Charlottetown; C. DeWolfe, D. D. ; T. H. Davies; J. McMurray.
1864 — Sackville; W. L. Thornton*; T. H. Davies; J. McMurray.
1865 — Yarmouth; J. McMurray; E. Botterell; R. A. Temple.
1866 — St. John; George Scott*; J. England; R. A. Temple.
1867 — Halifax; M. Richey, D. D.; Ingham Sutcliffe; R. A. Temple.
1868 — Fredericton; W. M. Punshon*; H. Daniel; R. A. Temple.
1869 — Charlottetown; H. Daniel; H. Pope, Jnr. ; D. D. Currie.
1870 — Yarmouth; H. Pickard, D. D.; J. G. Hennigar; D. D. Currie.
1871 — St. John; H. Pope, Jnr.; S. W. Sprague; D. D. Currie.
1872 — Halifax; J. G. Hennigar; C. Stewart, D. D. ; D. D. Currie.
1873 — Fredericton; C. Stewart, D. D.; E. Brettle; James Taylor.
1874 — Charlottetown; J. McMurray; G. S. Milligan, D. D. ; James Taylor.
Those marked thus • were members of the British Conference.

Nova ScotJiA Conference Sessions since 1874 with place, president
and Secretary.

Year Place President Secretary

1874 Charlottetown, P.E.I John McMurray R. Alder Temple.

1875 Halifax A. W. Nicolson R. Alder Temple.

1876 Windsor R. Alder Temple Stephen F. Huestis.

1877 Yarmouth Ellas Brettle Stephen F. Huestis.

1878 Amherst James Taylor Stephen F. Huestis.

1879 Halifax. Stephen F. Huestis Jabez A. Rogers

1880 Truro Richard Smith Jabez A. Rogers

1881 Granville Ferry John Lathern Jabez A. Rogers

1882 Windsor Wm. C. Brown Jabez A. Rogers

1883 Yarmouth W. H. Heartz Jabez A. Rogers

1884 Halifax Geo. O. Huestis Jabez A. Rogers

1884 Grafton St., Halifax Jabez A. Rogers C. Jost, M.A.

1885 Lunenburg John Cassldy C. Jost, M.A.

1886 Amherst Cranswiok Jost, M. A A. D. Morton, M.A.

1887 Truro Joseph Gaetz A. D. Morton, M.A.

1888 Bk. St.. Halifax Joseph S. Coffin A. D. Morton, M.A.

1889 Liverpool John J. Teasdale A. D. Morton, M.A.

1890 Yarmouth T. Watson Smith Joseph G. Angwln.

1891 Windsor Joseph G. Angwin D. W. Johnson, M.A-

1892 Lunenburg William Ryan D. W. Johnson, M.A.

1893 Canso E. B. Moore D. W. Johnson, M.A.

1894 Amherst W. H. Evans D. W. Johnson, M.A.

1895 Bear River James Strothard D. W. Johnson, M.A.

1896 Grafton St., Halifax John Johnson D. W. Johnson, M.A.

1897 Liverpool D. W. Johnson, M. A W. H. Langille.

1898 Truro A. D. Morton, M.A W. H. Langille.

1899 Yarmouth E. E. England W. H. Langille.

1900 Parrsboro Robert McArthur W. H. Langille.

1901 Lunenburg William G. Lane W. H. Langille.

1902 Amherst Arthur Hockin W. H. Langille.

1903 Sydney, C. B W. H. Langille Benjamin Hills, B.D..

1904 J.W.S.M. Church, Hfx... David Hickey Benjamin Hills. B.D.

1905 Liverpool W. H. Heartz, D.D Benjamin Hills, B.D.

1906 Windsor W. H. Heartz, D.D Benjamin Hills, B.D.

1907 Truro W. H. Heartz, D.D Benjamin Hills, B.D.

1908 Riverport W. H. Heartz, D.D Benjamin Hills, B.D..

1909 Oxford John Craig Benjamin Hills, B.D..

1910 Bk. St., Halifax B. Hills, B.D Wm. I. Croft.

1911 Pro. Ch.t Yarmouth Geo. J. Bond. B.A Wm. I. Croft.

1912 Amherst J. Astbury Wm. I. Croft.

1913 New Glasgow J. W. Prestwood, B.D Wm. I. Croft.

1914 Lunenburg G. W. F. Glendenning, M.

A., S.T.B Wm. I. Croft.

1915 Sydney W. I. Croft C. E. Crowell, B.A.

1916 Robie St., Halifax Hamilton Wigle C. E. Crowell, B.A.

1917 Springhill A. C. Borden. M.A., D.D..C. E. Crowell, B.A.

HISTORY OF METHODISM

Year Place President Secretary

1918 Amherst G. W. Whitman C. B. Crowell, B.A.

1919 Windsor B. C. Borden, D.D C. E. Crowell, B.A.

1920 Liverpool Frederick Friggens C. E. Crowell, B.A.

1921 Berwick C. E. Crowell, B.A F. E. Barrett.

1922 Sydney J. W. McConnell, B.A F. E. Barrett.

1923 Parrsboro A.. S. Rogers, B.A., B.D. . F. E. Barrett.

1924 Bridgetown Frederick E. Barrett H. T. Gornall, B.A.

1925 Amherst J. W. Bartlett H. T. Gornall, B.A.

New Brunswick -and Prince Edward Island Conference Sessions
since 1874, with place, president and secretary.

1874 Charlottetown Henry Pope, D.D Duncan D. Currie.

1875 St. John Duncan D. Currie Robert Duncan.

1876 St. Stephen Robert Duncan Howard Sprague, M.A.

1877 Fredericton John Prince Howard Sprague, M.A.

1878 Sackville Joseph Hart C. H. Paisley. M.A.

1879 Charlottetown Hezekiah McKeown F. W. Harrison.

1880 St. John Edwin Evans H. P. Cowperthwaite, M.A

1881 Moncton Douglas Chapman H. P. Cowperthwaite, M.A

1882 Fredericton John S. Phinney R. W. Weddall, B.A.

1883 St. Stephen ....Stephen T. Teed R. W. Weddall, B.A.

1884 St. John John Read Robert Wilson.

1885 Charlottetown Job Shenton Robert Wilson.

1886 Sackville Chas. Stewart, D.D Robert Wilson.

1887 Marysviile Robert Wilson C. H. Paisley, M.A.

1888 Moncton Chas. H. Paisley, M. A. . . Thomas Marshall.

1889 St John H. P. Cowperthwaite.M.A. Thomas Marshall.

1890 Fredericton Howard Sprague, D.D Thomas Marshall.

1891 St. Stephen F. W. Harrison Thomas Marshall.

18 92 Charlottetown Elias Slackf ord James Crisp.

1893 Moncton ... Charles Comben James Crisp.

1894 Sackville J. A. Clarke, M.A James Crisp.

1895 Marysville Isaac Howie George Steel.

1896 St. John . . Thomas Marshall George Steel.

1897 Fredericton R. W. Weddall, B.A George Steel.

1808 Charlottetown Ralph Brecken, D.D George Steel.

1809 St. Stephen George M. Campbell George W. Fisher.

1900 Moncton George Steel George W. Fisher

1901 Marysville ,., George W. Fisher A. D. McCully. B.D.

1902 Sackville ...William Harrison A. D. McCully, B.D.

1903 St. John . . . John C. Berrie George M. Young.

1904 Fredericton C.W.Hamilton George M. Young.

1905 Charlottetown ..W. W. Lodge George M. Young.

1906 Marysville . . Wm. Dobson M. R. Knight, B.A.

1907 St. Stephen Jas. Crisp M. R. Knight, B.A.

1908 Moncton . Samuel Howard, B.D M. R. Knight. B.A.

1909 Woodstock . . Alonzo D. McCully. B.D.. .M- R. Knight, B.A.

1910 Sackville . . .Howard Sprague, D.D M. R. Knight, B.A.

1911 St. John ..Matthew R. Knight. B.A.g. R. Chowen, B.A.

1912 Fredericton ...Neil McLauchlan, B.A D. R. Chowen, B.A.

1913 Charlottetown.., ,..Geo. F. Dawson, M.A...D. R. Chowen, B.A.

1914 Chatham ..F. A. Wightman £>. R. Chowen, B.A.

1915 St. John ..Richard Opie £. R Chowen, B.A.

1916 Summerside... ..Thomas Hicks £. W Squires, D.D.

1917 Moncton John L. Dawson, B.A... Ernest E. Styles.

1918 Sackville ..'.George M. Young Ernest E- Styles.

1919 Sackville . Herbert E. Thomas Ernest E. Styles.

1920 Sackville... 'Daniel R. Chowen. B.A... Ernest E. Styles.

1921 Sackville ..[George A. Ross grnesj E. Styles.

1922 Sackville W. G. Watson. B. A.. B.DErnest E. Styles

1923 Sackville Ernest E. Styles !£&£ 5' ™ 9° mes> £A

1924 Sackville Robert G. Fulton Fred kH. M. Holmes. M.A

1925 Sackville.., ..Harry C. Rice u- K- Chowen. B.A.

APPENDICES 449

Year Place President Secretary

Newfoundland Conference Sessions since 1874 with place, presi
dent and secretary.

1874 St. John's G. S. Milligan. M.A Thomas Harris

1875 St. John's Thomas Harris James Dove.

1876 St. John's James Dove John Goodison

1877 Carbonear John Goodison Joseph Pascoe

1878 St. John's G. S. Milligan, M.A James Dove

1879 St. John's James Dove Charles Ladner

1880 Carbonear Thomas Harris Charles Ladner

1881 St. John's Charles Ladner George Boyd

1882 St. John's John S. Peach w. W. Percival

1883 Carbonear James Dove Geo J. Bond, B.A.

1884 St. John's G. S. Milligan, LL.D Geo. J. Bond, B.A.

1885 St. John's George J. Bond, B.A George Boyd

1886 Hr. Grace George Boyd F. G. Willey

1887 St. John's Jeremiah Embree William Swann

1888 St. John's George J. Bond, B.A William Swann

1889 Carbonear Thomas H. James William Swann

1890 St. John's William Swann James Nurse

1891 St. John's James Nurse Geo. B. Story

1892 Grand Bank T. W. Atkinson A D Morton, M.A.

1893 St. John's George B. Story A. D. Morton, M.A.

1894 St. John's G. S. Milligan, LL.D A. D. Morton, M.A.

1895 Hr, Grace William Swann John T. Newman

1896 St. John's H. P. Cowperthwaite, M.Ajohn T. Newman

1897 St. John's H. C. Hatcher, B.D John T. Newman

1898 St. John's Levi Curtis, M.A John T. Newman

1899 St. John's Robert W. Freeman John T. Newman

1900 Carbonear John T. Newman Jabez Hill

1901 St. John's John Pratt Jabez Hill

1902 St. John's W. T. D. Dunn Jabez Hill

1903 St. John's Jabez Hill Mark Fenwick

1904 Carbonear James Pincock Mark Fenwick

1905 St. John's Mark Fenwick W. Henry Browning

1906 St. John's W. Henry Browning John E. Peters, M.A.

1907 Grand Bank Samuel Snowdon Wm. H. Dotchon

1908 St. John's George Paine Wm. H. Dotchon

1909 St. John's William H. Dotchon Thos. B. Darby, B.A.

1910 Carbonear T. B. Darby, B.A Charles Lench

1911 St. John's A. A. Holmes Charles Lench

1912 St. John's Charles Lench F. R. Matthews, B.A.

1913 Carbonear James Wilson F. R. Matthews. B.A.

1914 St. John's F. R. Matthews, B.A Charles Howse

1915 St. John's Charles Howse J. R. Saint, S.T.L.

1916 Grand Bank Edwin Moore J.R.Saint STL

917 St. John's J. R. Saint, S.T.L C. A. Whitemarsh, M.A,,

1918 St. John's L. Curtis, D.D Harry Royle B D

1919 Carbonear George J. Bond, B.A.LL.D Harry Royle

1920 St. John's Mark Fenwick, D.D William J. Morris

St. John's Mark Fenwick, D.D William J. Morris

Grand Bank William J. Morris Ezra Broughton

1923 St. John's Sidney Bennett Ezra Broughton

St. John's Ezra Broughton H. G. Coppin

1925 Carbonear Harry G. Coppin E. C. French

INDEX

Advocate 72

Attbert 209

Alberton 237

Allison, Charles F 369

Allison, David 367-380

Allison Family 41

Alma 210

Ambjerst 8^57

Am'herst Head 61

Andiover 188

Andrews-, W. W 384

Annapolis 91

Annapolis, Ministers from 95

Apothaquli 157

Arcadia 128

Archibald, Mrs. A. N 374-75

Arthurette 189

Avandiale 43

Ayflesfiord 99

Bedeck 89

Baie du Vin 192

Baie Verte 1200

Barrin'Ston 130

BaJthurst 194

Biayfield 1201

Bay Bull's Arm 271

Bay of Islands 3'30

Bay Roberts 269

Bayard1, Col 96

Beals, W. C 63

Bear River 10>5

Bedeque 233

Bedford land Waverly 30

Belmont 48

Bell (Family, Hfx 18-20

Bell Island (Nfld.) 262

Benton 182

Berwick 101

Berwick Camp 104

Bermuda 348

Bible ChrisrtJiians 239

Bideford 236

Bigelow, H. E 384

Bishop's Falls 327

Black, Wm 57-198-208-211-350

Blackhead __ __280

Bocabec 218

Boies'town 174

Bonavista 392

Bond, G. J 337*395

Bonme Bay 329

Book Room and WesJeyan 391

Borden, B. C 373-381

Botwood 327

Boylston 77

Bridgetown 9*3

Brtidgewater 123

Brecken, R 389

Brenton 130

Brigus 264

Britannia 300

Bryce, Peter 330

Buctouche 193

Burin 332

Biung|so 339

Burlington 43

Burton 178

Burwash, J 367

Caledonia 112

Campbell, G. ,M 373

Campbellton (IN. B.) 194

Camp'bellton (Nfldi.) 3(28

Canning 39

Canso 75

Caniterbury 181

Cape Wolfe and O'Leary 237

Cafbonear 273

Carmanville 307

Cassidy, John 357

CaitaMna 296

Centrieville 186

Change Island 306

Channel and St. George 340

Charlton, Wm 87

Charlotte town 222

Clhatiham 189

Chester 121

Chester Road 33

Church Union 397

Clarke's iBeiaeh £68

Conference of 'E.B.A 9-11

Conference of N.S._. __12-14

451

452

INDEX

Conference N.B. & P.E.I 12-140

Conference of Nfld 12-241

Cornwall 225

Coughlan, Laurence 241

Coverdale 211

Cowperthwait«, H. P 235-254-5

Cupids 267

Currie, O. D 394

Curtis, 'Levi 347

Damiel, A. and (L 117

Darby, T. B 257-333

Dartmouth = 27

Davis, T. T ®88

Deibec 185

Deer Island (IN.B.) 219

Deer Island (Nfld.) .313

Deer Lake (Nfld.) 332

Derby 191

DeslBarr.es, F. W. W 74-389

DeWolfe, Charles 387

Digfbyi 106

Digby Neck_ 10'8

DomiTij'ons 88

Dorchester 208

Egmont 236

Ellis ton 295

Emgilee 323

Epworth 333

Eureka 5'2

Exploits 318

Expulsions 446

Fenwick, M 257-414

Five Islands 70

Flat Islands 334

Ftorencevillle 187

Flow.er's Cove 273

Fogiq .306

Fortune 334

Fredericton 163

Frjesihwater 279

Fullerton, Miriam 375

Qabarouse 86

Gageto'wn 177

Garnish 338

Gaspe and Cape Ozo 195

Gibson 167

Gibson. Alex 166

Glace Bay 89

Grand Bank __335

Grand Falls 326

Grand Manan 221

Grand Lake 176

Granville (P.E.I.) 236

Granville Ferry 93

Giovertowm 305

Queen's Harbor 291

Go^eienspond 311

iGuysiboro 72

Halifax 16»27

Hamilton Inflet 344

Hampton 15)8

HantS'port 34

Hants Harbor 286

Harcourt 193

Hart'land 184

Har.bor Grace 277

Hiavelock 212

Heart's Content 289

Heartz Family 224

Heartz, W. H &9-415

Hebron 129

Henderson, Andrew 92-94

Herring tNeck 316

Hillsboro 211

Holmes, A. A 344

Hom/e and Foreign Missions 413

Horton 34

Korwood 307

Huestis, S. F &3-391

Hunton, S. W 383

Inch, J. R 367-372-381

Ingonl'sh and Aspy Bay 90

Jtaokisonviille 182

Jerusalem 162

Johnson, D. W 54-396

Jost, C 74-367

Kennedy, D 368-372

Kentville 40

Kieswick, 175

Kingston, 101

Kingsclear, 170

King's Point, 320

Knight, R'd, 336

Labrador, 342

Lahave, 118

LaScie, 321

Lathern, J., 396

Laurencetown (Nfld.) 328

INDEX

453

Lawrencebown,, , , 98

Leicester, , ,

Lench, €._,____„ .- 364

'Lewi'sporte, 328

L:ddy, R. B., T 396

Lindsay, 185

Line, J., _ 390

Liscomb and Country Harbor 76

Little Bay Islands, 319

Liverpool 109

Lockeport, 137

Londonderry, 48

Long Reach, . 160

Louis'burg, , 88

•Lower Island Cove, 283

Lunemburg, 119

Mahone Bay, 121

Maitland, 55

Margaree, 81

Margate, 235

Marsden, J., 351

Marysville, 166

'McColl, D., 213-348

McLean, J., , , 3S5

McLeod, A. W., 171-394

McMurray, J., 394

Memorial Gateway, 200

Metliera.ll, Francis, 2'39

Met'hodism, Genesis 'Of, 7

Middleton 96

Millligan, Geo., H-24'8-346

Mill Village, 115

Mill Town, 214

Millertown, (Nfld.) 327

Missionary 'Supts, 414

Missionaries, Foreign, 414

Moncton, 20>2

Montague, 228

Moore, Fr-ed'k, 87-356

Moreton's Harbor, 317

Mosiher, F. W., 392

Mountain Mission, 96

Mount Stewart, 230

Movnt Allison, 364

Mt. A. Academy Honor Roll 370

Mt. A. Ladies' College, 371

M't. A. Preceptresses, 374

Mt. A. Musical Directors, 375

Mt. A. Art Directors, 375

Mt. A. University, 377

Mt. A. Benefactors, 377-79

Mt. A. Presidents, 379

M't. A. Professors, 381-85

Mt. A. Rhodes Scholars, 385

-Mt. A. University Honor !RoH,__386
Mt. A. Students who became

(Professors 3:8 (f

Mt. iA. Theological, 387

Mulgrave, 78

Murray Harbor, 22$

Musgrave Harbor, 308

Mu'3'grave Town, 298

Musquodoboit Harbor, 30

Musquodoboit, Middle, 31

Nappan, 61

Nashwiaak, 171

N. B. and P. ,E. I. Oonference,__140

New Aberdeen, 88

Newcastle, 190

Newfoundland, 241

Nfld. Laymen 249-255

Nfld. Methodist College, 255

Nfld. Educational System, 346

New Germany, 123

New Glasgow, 62

Newman, J. T., 344

Newport, 41

Newton, J. and F 109

Newtown (N.B.) 157

N.ewtown and Lumsden (Nfld.)_309

Nioholsvilile 101

Nicolson, A. W 394

Nippers Harbor 320

North East Harbor 133

North Sydney 85

Oak Bay 217

Old IPerlicam 285

Oromocto 179

Orth, George 119

Oxford 66

Pacquet 322

Paisley, C. H 388

Palmer, J. M 178-368

Parrsboro 67

Patterson, A. McN 366

P. E. Island 2'22

P. E. Island, Ministers from 238

Petitcodiac 211

Petlite Riviere 116

Petites <Nfld) 339

Pickard, H 10-379-391-393-4

Pickard, Thos 366

Pickiavant, J 250

Pictou 49

Pilley's Island 319

Point de Bute '8-198

Pope Family ..35

454

INDEX

Port IBlandford 304

Port d:e Grave 269

Port Greville 69

Port QHawkesbury 80

Port Hood 78

Port La Tour 133

Port Mai-tland 130

Port Mouton 114

Pouclh Cove 260

Pownal 227

(Pugwasih 64

Random South 300

Reid, A. S 366

Richiibucto 192

River Hebert 62

River John 54

River Philip 64

Rivjerport 122

Rogers ___'277

Ryan, Wm 75-99-356

SackVille 8-19-6V364

Salisbury 212

Sambro and St. Margaret's (Bay — 29

Sangster, G. R 205

Scott's Bay 40

Shaddick, Mrs. 191

Shediac 207

Sheet Harbor 56

Sheffield 175

Sbelburne 135

Shoal Harbor 303

Shubenacadie 56

Si'lver Falls 155

Smith, A. D 382

Smith, T. Watson -.394

Sound Island 272

Souris 229

Southampton 69

Spraigue, H 388

Springdale 320

Springfield 157

Springhill 71

Stanley __172

Starr, Geo. H 12-27

Stellarton 60

Stephenson, J 343

St. Andrews 215

St. Anthony 323

St. James 218

St. John 141-55

St. John's. (Nfld.) 250-259

St. Pierre __341

St. Stephen _213

Stewart, Charles 10-387

Stretton, J 244

Summerford 317

Summerside 231

Sunny IBrae 206

Sussex 155

Sydney 82

Sydney iMiines 86

Sydney, North 85

Tabu'Slntac 192

Tantramar 198

Thea-kston, Major 23-27

Tihomas, H. E 148-9-396

Topsail 263

Trenton 58

Trinity i297

Trueman, Geo. J 382

Truro 44

Tryon 2'34

Twe«die Family 190

Tweedie, Robt 10

Tweedie, W. M._ __3«3

TwiLljingate 314

Tyler, C. M 368

Unions, Methodist in 1774 and

1884 11-18

Union, Church 397

Upham 159

Upper Mills 217

Vernon River 227

Victoria (Nfld.) 278

VogLer's Cove 116

Wallace 62

Walton ___44

Watson, W. G 389

Weldon, R. C 382

Wel<sford< 161

Wentworth 67

Wesleyan, The 392

Western Bay 282

Westfield 169

WesJeyviLle 309

Westviille 51

Weymouth 107

White Head and New Harbor 76

Wigle, H 373

Wilmot, L. A 165

Windsor 32

Winsloe 227

Wolfville 38

W. M. S 403

Woodlawn 30

Woodstock _ 179

Yarmouth 125

277 York 226