Full text of "History of the Military company of the Massachusetts, now called the Ancient and honorable artillery company of Massachusetts. 1637-1888"

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Memo,

This very complete history of the iincient and Honorable
Company of Boston (five volumes), the oldest military orfranization
in this country, and next to the Honourable Artillery Company of
London, probably the oldest in the vjorld, comprising, se it does, a
membership from 1637 to 1905, is one of the most valuable publications
in the United States, It contains portraits of most of its past
ji commanders, with brief historical genealogical sketches of all of its
captains, non-commissioned officers and privates, with their dates of
Joining, and much other valuable information.

In it are the records of Captain William Davis, my gr^grand-
father who married (R) Huldah Symmes, daughter of Rev. Zechariah Symmes,
first minister of Charlestown, Mass, whose daughter, Huldah, married
Edward Hainsford, founder of the "Old South Church", and was brother
of Sir Richard Hainsford, Lord High Chancellor of England (see p. 129,
Vol. I.) Captain Davis was captain in 1543, 1664 and 1672, having been
elected sergeant, ensign and lieutenant prior thereto. He v/as in Eing
Philip's war 1675-6 and was wounded. He v;as for many years Selectman of
;S!op„/n; also, overseer of the poor, and one of the founders of the "Old
South Church". Two of his sons, Benjamin and 7/illiam, also joined the
Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, the former in 1673 and the
latter in 1677 fsee p.p. 129^130, Vol. I.)

Another gr^grandfather, John Goldthwaite, of Salem and Boston
(1711) fl720) Joined (see p. 375, Vol. I) and subsequently two of his
sons. Captain Joseph (1732) and Benjamin (1740), both Colonial soldiers
of distinction. (See my records - printed - of their long military
service.) Ifeny contemporaries of these, my ancestors — whom I had
heard my mother and grandmother refer to — Joined during the 18tb century,

Page #2.

During the 19th century, many of ray friends — mostly members
' the Military Order of the Loyal Legion -- joined this celebrated
c ^any, as well as friends whom I had known in the "Boston Tigers"
id "First Corps of Cadets". These I have indicated by a red check.
.e index is very correct and in every v^ay the entire work is almost
valuable to me as a book of reference. -•

R. G. C.

lil
•p.

HISTORY

The Military Company of tlie Massachusetts

NOW CALLED

The Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company

of Massachusetts.

i6s7-i888.

By OLIVER AYER ROBERTS,

HISTORIAN OF THE COMPANY.

VOLUME 1. — 1637-1738.

BOSTON:

ALFRED MUDGE & SON, PRINTERS,

24 Franklin Street.

1895.

1112461

THIS VOLUME

IS DEDICATED TO THE

CAPTAIN ROBERT KEAYNE

AND OF HIS TWENTY-THREE COMRADES,
WHO WERE THE FOUNDERS OF

THE MILITARY COMPANY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS,

NOW CALLED

THE ANCIENT AND HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY

OF MASSACHUSETTS.

ARMORY OF THE ANCIENT AND HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY
of massachusetts.

Faneuil Hall, Boston,
November i, 1S95.

To the Members of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts :

By votes of the Company passed in 1886 and subsequently, the Committee on
Military Museum and Library were instructed to have the history of the Company, from
1637 to 1888, written and printed.

The work was immediately undertaken, and arrangements were made with Major
Ben : Perley Poore to be the historian. He had made but little progress when his labors
were cut short by his sudden death. This sad event was a great disappointment to the
committee. Fortunately, however, they found an able successor in Mr. Oliver Aver
Roberts, of Melrose, who brought great zeal and ability to the undertaking, and has so
far progressed that he has now nearly the whole history in manuscript. It will give the
record of about six thousand members, and will probably be comprised in four volumes.
The committee have now the pleasure of presenting the first volume, including the
period from 1637 to June i, 1738.

The committee cannot fail to mention another serious loss they experienced, in
the death of their first chairman, Captain John Lindsay Stevenson.

Captain Stevenson was a firm friend of the Company, through many years rendering
it efficient service, and perhaps to him more than to any other is the Company indebted
for laying the foundation of the work now so nearly completed.

EDWARD WYMAN, Chairman.
ALBERT ALONZO FOLSOM.
GEORGE HENRY ALLEN.
WILLIAM PARKER JONES.
HENRY WALKER.

WILLIAM LITHGOW WILLEY, Secretary.

PREFACE,

AIR. ZACHARIAH G. WHITMAN, who joined the Ancient and Honorable Artillery
Company in 1810, did a commendable work in preparing a complete roster of the
Company in 1819. This so intensified his interest in matters pertaining to the Company
that he wrote its history. He published the first edition of it in 1820; and a second
edition, with many additions written by him, was published by a committee of the Com-
pany in 1.S42, just after Mr. Whitman's death. A more complete history was a fond hope
of Mr. Francis Brinley (1847), who gathered some material; but death ended his earthly
labors before his self-imposed task was hardly begun. His material was kindly forwarded
to the compiler of this volume. About 1875, Major Ben : Perley Poore (1848) began a
history of the Company ; but his prolific pen was laid aside before he had gathered his
material for the first half century. The history by Mr. Whitman (1810), and the material
gathered by Mr. Brinley (1847) and Major Poore (1848), which came into my possession,
have been utilized in this volume. The first six pages are the writing of Major Poore
(1848). They are inserted as a fit introduction to the work, and in memory of an
earnest, busy, and loyal friend and brother.

The present volume has been prepared under many difficulties, and it does not
reach that state of completeness which the writer fondly desired. The total loss of the
records of the first sixty years of the Company ; the incompleteness of early family and
town records ; the different spellings of the same name ; the identification of a person
who lived two hundred years ago, there being two and sometimes more persons of the
same name in the same locality, have multiplied the difficulties and chances of error.
Such conditions call for wise judgment, and the writer has used the best he had.

An arbitrary system has been followed in the preparation of this volume. Each
year, from 1637 to 1738, is complete in itself. The history of each year is commenced
by giving the names of the officers of the Company for that year, which is followed by
such historic facts as relate to the Company or to its members ; then the recruits for the
year are named, followed by biographical sketches. The records of the Company
(beginning in 1698, page 314) are then quoted, and the account for the year is
concluded with a short biographical sketch of the preacher for that year. In this

respect this work differs from all previous written or printed histories of the Company.
All the original records of the Company prior to 1738 are printed, under their appro-
priate years, in this volume. The date inclosed in a parenthesis, following a name,
signifies the year when the person named joined the Company.

The compiler is under great obligations to several persons, who have kindly assisted
by furnishing biographical data. Their names are given in the notes, as are the names
of the most important works consulted. He is under special obligations to the librarians
of the New England Historic, Genealogical, and Massachusetts Historical Societies for
the privilege of consulting books in those libraries, and to Mr. William H. Whitmore for
the Reports of the Record Commissioners of Boston.

All human works are imperfect, and doubtless errors will be detected on these
pages, yet the writer hopes that the perusal of this volume will add somewhat to the
pleasure of the members of the Company, and increase their interest in, and strengthen
their loyalty to, the oldest military company in America.

OLIVER A. ROBERTS.
Melrose, Nov. 7, 1895.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Frontispiece — Autograph of Capt. Robert Keayne.
Portrait — Oliver A. Roberts, Historian of the Company.

Photograph of the Charter facing page lo

Pequot Fort " " 31

Portrait — Gov. John Winthrop " " 47

Meeting-house of the First Church

Old Town-house

Diving Bell "

Meeting-house of the Second Church " "168

Portrait — Thomas Savage (1637) <i ,, j.q

Portrait — John Leverett (1639) " " 172

North Battery • <. « j_g

Hull's Coins, — 1652 >. <i j^.

Old South Church " " 211

Plan of Artillery Farm at Dunstable « « 222

Province House " " 251

King's Chapel .. « j.g

South Battery « <r 379

Paper Money <i « 288

Portrait — Wait Winthrop (1692) « <. 290

Portrait — Samuel Shrimpton (1670) <i <r ,qj

Portrait — John Walley (1671) « « j,_

Portrait — Samuel Sewall (1679) ,< « ,,q

Portrait — Charles Hobby (1702) « .. ,,.

Portrait — Adam Winthrop (1694) ■< « ,._

Portrait — Thomas Fitch (1700') i< <. ,g.

372

Portrait — Edward Winslow (1700) i< <. ^g.

Portrait — William Dummer (1702) .1 .1 ^o.

Profile — Samuel Thaxter (1728) .< .< _j^.

Plan of Farm at Rutland 441

Portrait — Nathaniel Cunningham (1720) facing page 445

Portrait — Jacob Wendell (1733) >. u ^^^

Portrait — Richard Saltonstall (1733) .... ^^^

Harvard College in 1756 .... ^§2

HISTORY

OF THE

Military Company of the Massachusetts

NOW CALLED

The Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company

of Massachusetts.

|\/[ ASSACHUSETTS was colonized by Englishmen, descendants of the victors of Cressy,
•'■'-'■ Poitiers, and Agincourt, who nobly supported the fame of their renowned ances-
tors. Animated by religious zeal, search of fortune, or desire of fame, they turned from
the comforts of their English homes, the love of kindred and friends, and the certain and
tried paths of a moderate ambition, to meet on a rock-bound coast with peril in all its
forms, intensified by religious hatreds, conflicting claims, and petty jealousies. The spirit
of adventure which distinguished them, the patient endurance with which they suffered
the most trying privations, their constant exertion of vigilance and presence of mind, and
the valor which they displayed in conquering their savage foes and in guarding against
invasion by the French on their northern borders, proved that they were worthy descend-
ants of that sea-girt isle. Martial courage thus inherited and displayed proves a nation's
strength ; combined with industry, moderation, reverence, and good sense in the people,
it forms that national character to which is given the prolonged enjoyment of glory and
power, and of all the sources of prosperity and happiness.

It is, however, a noticeable fact that the religious and political leaders among the
" Pilgrims " of Plymouth Colony and the " Puritans," who were the original settlers on
the shores of Massachusetts Bay, were not fighting men. They could make preparations
for defence, or direct hostilities ; but the utmost indulgence of fanatical conceit, or the
most presumptuous confidence in their own judgment, did not prompt them to come
to the front when their respective colonies were threatened by savages or Frenchmen.
The victorious Captain Myles Standish, of the Plymouth Colony, and the brave Captain
Southcot, of Massachusetts Bay, had each seen service in the Low Countries, but they
were not among the elect. The first sergeant-major (then the commander's title) of
the Suffolk Regiment was Edward Gibbons, a rollicking soldier of fortune, whose life
had been an adventurous and a merry one. The first captains of the train-bands in
Boston, Underhill and Patrick, who had each served in the Netherlands, and who, on
their arrival in 1630, were voted salaries for training their respective commands in the
use of arms, could not accommodate themselves to the strict manners of the Puritan
school, and after the Pequot War they migrated to the southwestern part of Connecticut,
where the Dutch claimed jurisdiction.

Those, however, who had the control of the colonization of Massachusetts made
generous preparations for armed defence. The charter given by King Charles on the

2 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND ['637-8

i8th of March, 1628, authorized the Governor and Company "from tyme to tyme, and at
all tymes hereafter, for their special defence and safety, to incounter, expulse, repell and
resist by force of amies, as well by sea as by lande, and by all fitting waies and nieanes
whatsoever, all such person and persons, as shall at any tyme hereafter attempt or enter-
prise the destruccon, invasion, detriment or annoyance to the said plantation or inhab-
itants." Before the charter containing this provision had been signed by King Charles,
the council of the Company had ordered a supply of arms and of munitions of war.
There were " eight peeces of land ordnance for the forte," and an abundance of small
arms, viz. : " Two partizans for capten and lieftenant ; three drums, to ech two pere of
hedds ; two ensignes ; three halberts, for three sarjants ; eighty bastard muskets, with
snapances, four ffoote in the barrill without rests ; ten ffull musketts, four ffoote barrill,
with match cocks and rests ; ninety bandeleers for the muskets, each with a bullett bag ;
one hundred swords and belts ; sixty cosletts and sixty pikes ; twenty half pikes " ; with a
supply of powder and ball for the cannon and muskets. A few days later, a contract
was entered into "with Mr. Thomas Steeuens, armorer in Buttolph Lane, for twenty
armes, viz : coslett, brest, back, culet, gorgett, tases, and head-peece to each, varnished
all black, with lethers and buckles, at 17s each armour, excepting four, wch are to bee
with close head peeces, and these four armours at 24s apeece, to bee delivered all by the
20th of this monthe ; whereof one left nowe for a sample." Another contract was made
"with John Gace, of London, turner, ffor forty bandeleers, made of neates leather, broad
girdles, each with twelve charges." It was decided in October, 1629, that the ordnance,
arms, powder, and munitions, delivered for public use, " bee accompted as pt of the
ioynt stock of the company."

The weapons and munitions of war thus provided were promptly issued after they
had been received by the colonists, for train-bands were at once organized ; and, as new
towns were settled, more arms and equipments were procured from London. On the 3d
of September, 1634, it was "Ordered, that all the musketts, bandeleros, and rests lately
come ouer this yeare shall be equally divided amongst the seual plantacons, and the
townes to have att all tymes soe many in a readynes as a town stocke."

These train-bands were organized like those which had existed in London since the
reign of Henry VIIL Originally archers, the English associations gradually adopted
pikes and then muskets, while some of them became artillerists. On the 25th of August,
1537, a charter was granted by Henry VHL to certain subjects belonging to the Fraternity
of St. George, as a "Guylde of Artillary of Longbowes, Crosbowes and Handegomes." A
piece of ground was set apart for the use of this corps, and it was known as " The Artil-
lery Garden." During the long reign of Queen Elizabeth, important services were several
times rendered by the Company in this Artillery Garden, by fitting citizens for the com-
mand of the train-bands. In 1598, the Artillery Company, as it was called, was six
hundred strong, and in its ranks were all the commanders and commissioned ofificers of
the train-bands and auxiliaries.

King Charles I. recognized the great utility of the Artillery Company by addressing
the following warrant to Alderman Humphrie Smith, its commander, dated March 8,
1632 : —

" Charles R.

" Trustie and well beloved, we greet you well. Whereas we are informed that the
worthie and commendable institucon of yor voluntary Company of the Artillerie garden,

1637-8] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 3

hath been soe well pursued by yor industrious and forward endeavors that you are not
only become ready and skilfull in the knowledge and use of arms and military discipline,
but that, from thence as from a fruitful Nursery, all the trayned bands of our Citie of
l>ondon and divers of the Companyes of the counties adjoining have beene supplyed with
fitt and able Leaders and Officers whereby our service hath received much advantage and
the kingdome in genii a very great benefitt. And being unwilling that a Societie of soe
good use unto the publique and of so much safetie and honor to our renowned Citie of
London should be dissolved or discontinued as we are given to understand it is in great
danger through some distractions wch you have lately suffered about the Election of yor
Captaine : We have thought fitt hereby to will you not to be hastie to disband but if ye
find that ye are molested needlessly or unjustly, by any, then have recourse to us, and you
shall have find such due encouragement as soe commendable a Societie deserves.

" Given att our Court att Newmarkett the eighth day of March, in the Seventh yeare
of our Raigne.

"To our trustie and well-beloved Humphrie Smith, Alderman, President of the
Company e.xercising Amies in the Artillerie garden, London, and to the Rest of
the Companie."

The officers of the Artillery Company were elected annually by the Court of Alder-
men of the City of London, from candidates nominated by the Company, until 1632, when
difference having arisen between the Aldermen and the Company, King Charles L inter-
posed the right of appointing the captain. The Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen were
authorized to appoint the civil officers of the Company, viz. : a president, a deputy presi-
dent, and twenty-four assistants. The military officers were to be chosen and appointed
by the Company, viz. : two lieutenants, two ensigns, four surveyors of arms, a clerk, a
treasurer, four sergeants, four drummers, a fifer, an armorer, a gunsmith, a cloak-keeper,
and a beadle.

The London Artillery Company had, from its organization, annual "feasts," arranged
by eight stewards, to which the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of the city of London were
invited, and donated the large supplies of wines drank at the table. In 1623, " the Lords
of His Majesty's Most HonouraJ)le Privy Council" were also invited, and "the Court of
Aldermen were pleased, in token of their good respect to the Society, to bestow upon
them, towards the charge of the feast, one hogshead of clarett wyne, thirty gallons of
sacke, and thirty gallons of Renishe wyne."

It was also customary, certainly as far back as Cromwell's time, to have a sermon
preached annually before the Company at St. Paul's, or some other church in the city of
London. The officiating clergyman invariably received, by vote, " the thanks of the
company and three twenty shilling pieces of broad gold"; and after the sermon came
the "feast," at which distinguished invited guests were present.

There was in the latter part of May in each year a "General March," when the Com-
pany marched through the city, accompanied by a train of artillery, consisting of six field-
pieces and two wagons, and two " General Exercise" days in the latter part of June or
August, when the Company marched to Balmes, or to some other place in the suburbs.
The sermon and "feast" day occurred usually about the middle of September, and the
Company often paraded on " Lord Mayor's Day," in October, to escort the newly chosen
chief magistrate to Westminster. In the evening, the officers of the Company supped
together, and every file of four men received as rations, " a bottle of sack, a bottle of
claret, and a large fowl." If the provisions did not hold out, the files, unprovided for,
were to have six shillings in money.

4 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1637-S

The armorial bearings, originally granted to the Company by Charles I., and subse-
quently confirmed by James I. and by George IV., have "supporters," — a privilege
generally limited in England to peers of the realm and knights of the royal orders of
knighthood,— which give an idea of the uniform and equipments worn at the commence-
ment of the seventeenth century. One of the " supporters " is a pikeman, wearing a hel-
met and corselet and carrying a pike ; the other " supporter " is a musketeer, wearing a
helmet and buff-coat, and carrying a musket and rest. Each carries a sword, and wears
" plumes of red feathers," in accordance with " the ancient and constant." The crest,
an uplifted arm in armor, with the hand grasping a pike, may have suggested the crest of
Massachusetts^ an uplifted arm in armor, with the hand grasping a sword.

Captain Walter Neale, who was "Captain of the Artillery Garden" from 1635 until
1639 inclusive, had been one of the pioneer settlers of New England. The Council
chartered by Janves I. in 1622, "for the planting, ruling, and governing of New England,"
conveyed to John Mason the tract of land bordering the sea-coast, and bounded by the
Merrimack and Piscataqua rivers, with the proviso that the Governor should be Captain
Walter Neale, of London. He sailed in the summer of 1630, with a party of London
colonists, and located on the Piscataqua River. Learning from the Indians that there was
a country in the interior called " Laconia," with great lakes, where peltries were abun-
dant, he penetrated inland almost to Lake Winnipiseogee, and in after years he made
glowing representations of his official management. According to his own statement, he
discovered rivers and harbors ; exerted himself for the general good of the country by
reforming abuses ; punished the natives for their cruelties, and compelled them to live in
peace, and was able to settle a staple trade of commodities, especially for building ships.
But his employers did not find that he had opened the lucrative trade in peltries which
they had expected, and he was recalled to London, the Council of New England granting
his plantations on the Piscataqua and on the Black Point rivers to others.

Captain Walter Neale, on returning to London, was chosen captain of the '"Com-
pany of the Artillery Garden," and brought it to greater perfection than it had ever
before attained. The city train-bands were furnished with able commanders out of the
Artillery Company, and the private soldiers were drilled for the general musters, but the
captain complained that he received only fifty pounds a year. In 1638, he endeavored
to obtain the appointment of " Muster-Master of the City," but King Charles recom-
mended Captain Fisher, who was accordingly appointed; and in October, 1639, at the
King's request, Captain Neale was superseded as commander of the Artillery by Captain
Philip Skippen. He then petitioned the King to appoint him marshal in Virginia, in
charge of all martial affairs there, with an allowance of twenty shillings per diem, to be
paid out of the customs arising from the commodities of the country. Again unsuccess-
ful, Captain Neale once more petitioned the King, a few years later, setting forth his
past services, and praying that he might be appointed governor of Massachusetts ; but no
notice was taken of his application. Indeed, at that time, the governors of Massachu-
setts were elected annually.

The name and fame of the Honourable Artillery Company of London were trans-
planted to Massachusetts soon after its colonization, by some of its members, and a
junior company was established at Boston, which is the oldest military organization on
the American continent. It is recruited, to a great extent, from those who have been
active members of the volunteer militia. It elects its officers annually ; has its stated
spring and fall parades ; listens once a year to a sermon preached in a church, which

1637-8] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 5

is followed by a " feast" in Faneuil Hall, with distinguished invited guests, and is jealous
of its prerogatives and its traditions.

The history of the Honourable Artillery Company of Old England can be traced
through the fierce struggle which has gradually changed the unwritten British constitu-
tion from the aspect it wore in feudal times into that form of rational liberty which it
now bears, and has made dear old England as young in energy, capability, and progress
as she was when the Honourable Artillery Company of London was summoned to the field
by Queen Elizabeth, the type of Queen Victoria, as well in the truly English complex-
ion of her character as in the hold she possessed over the hearts of the Anglo-Saxon race.

The Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company in New England is also a living
link between generations, past and present, and has outlived every institution, except the
Christian Church and the Public School, that was in existence on the American continent
when it was chartered. The members of each of these honorable companies have a
right to be proud of their traditions, as the brave and patriotic deeds of one generation
become the precious heritage of the next, growing in interest and value as time wears
on, and flower after flower is added to the chaplets of honor of the respective compa-
nies. The sentiment of antiquity is of more avail than merely to foster feelings of pride
or vanity. The consciousness of unstained lineage involves duties as well as privileges,
and each member of the two artillery companies should feel more and more, as genera-
tions pass away, that his responsibility is greater to his company, to his country, and to
himself : that his part is to aim high, act well, and feel —

"The name of every gallant ancestor
A bond upon his soul against disgrace."

North America became, within a century and a half after its discovery, the adopted
home of those Europeans who were disposed to renounce their allegiance to the despot-
ism of crowned heads, sustained by a feudal aristocracy, and to seek for freedom in a
New World. Humble navigators had called from the deep a New Spain of greater wealth
than the mother country ; a New Netherlands of greater commercial importance than the
Old ; and a New England, which, united with the Virginias, was destined to perpetuate
the Anglo-Saxon tongue among a people more numerous than the inhabitants of the
fatherland. Pontiffs established boundaries and monarchs granted charters, but the
genius of free adventure, crossing the ocean, laid the foundations of the great imperial
Republic of the United States of America. New areas were opened to commerce, and
new regions to adventure, while a fresh field was offered for experiments in government.
The Puritans of Old and of New England established the free governments which the
English-speaking race now enjoys and maintains. To use the words of Bishop War-
burton : " The interests of liberty were conducted and supported by a set of the greatest
geniuses for government that the world ever saw embarked together in a common cause."

The Plymouth Colony was settled in 1620, but the Colony of Massachusetts Bay was
not fairly organized until there was a large immigration from England in 1630, headed
by Governor John Winthrop. Seventeen ships, equipped at an expense of nearly one
hundred thousand dollars, conveyed to the new settlement nearly fifteen hundred emi-
grants. They brought, in their number, clergymen, physicians, magistrates, military
officers, millers, mechanics, and others, possessed of horses, cattle, and other property.
They founded a number of towns along the Atlantic coast, each being a miniature republic,
with its religious, military, and civil officers.

6 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1637-8

The principal settlement was called Boston, in memory of that place in Lincolnshire,
whence Isaac Johnson and other prominent emigrants came.

Those who seek political advancement by professing to have raised themselves from
what they term " the lower ranks of life," have adopted the declaration of Green that the
early settlers of Massachusetts were " poor men and artisans." This is an error, as has
been proven by those who have thoroughly investigated the social position of the immi-
grants. They may justly be considered the most remarkable party of colonists, in point
of intelligence, firmness of purposes, and an exalted standard of conscience, which ever
left their native shores to lead the way in the establishment of great civil institutions.
"Poor men and artisans" have not usually the enterprise or means to engage in such
undertakings, and to carry them forward to successful completion. Doubdess there were
poor men among them, for some had been despoiled of their substance by ecclesiastical
and State persecution. They would naturally seek the companionship of "artisans," to
assist them in their exploration and settlement of a wilderness ; but the great majority
of the immigrants were " well-to-do " in the world, and there were some of wealth and
high social position.'

Governor Winthrop had no sooner landed than he took possession of the govern-
ment, which Governor John Endicott had undertaken to make a pure theocracy. The
settlement at Merry Mount, which had sought to transplant some of the festivities of
"Merrie England" to Massachusetts, had been broken up; men of character and ability,
like John and Samuel Brown, who would not conform to the strict code established, had
been summarily banished, and the cross was cut from the King's colors at Salem, on the
ground that it was an emblem of popery. On the arrival of Governor Winthrop, with
higher powers, the superseded Endicott humbly recognized his authority, placing himself
at the new governor's disposal, "both as to time and place." Governor Winthrop
responded with dignified courtesy, but recognized no local authority in his predecessor,
whom he addressed as " Mr. Endicott." He visited him at Salem, however, " where
they supped on good venison pasty and good beer."

Military distinction and heraldry were the only appendages of monarchical govern-
ment tolerated in the province of Massachusetts Bay, for the only allegiance recognized
was to God and the Commonwealth. The clergy pointed out their narrow road to
heaven, and the drill sergeants taught men of dauntless energy how to use weapons for
the defence of themselves and their colony. The armorial bearings, emblazoned in
water colors and neatly framed, which were the only ornaments in nearly every house,
were justified by the declaration in the book of Numbers, that " every man of the
children of Israel shall pitch by his own standard, with the ensign of their father's
house." It ministered largely to men's pride, without trenching on their purses; it
pandered to pomp without taxing prudence, and conferred honor without imposing
danger. Tombs and gravestones not unfrequently bore the arms of those who were
interred within or beneath, a few of which still remain as memorials of the earliest years
of the colony.

' " By computation, the passijge of the persons ammunition and great artillery cost twenty-two

that peopled New England cost at least ninety-five thousand pounds; besides which hundred and

thousand pound: the transportation of their first ninety-two thousand pounds the adventurers laid

small stock of cattle, great and small, cost no less out in England what was not inconsiderable. About

than twelve thousand pound besides the price of an hundred and ninety-eight ships were employed

the cattle themselves; the provisions laid in for sub- in passing the perils of the seas, in the accomplish-

sistence, till tillage might produce more, cost forty- ment of this renowned settlement; whereof, by the

five thousand pounds; the materials for their first way, but one miscarried in those perils." — Mather's

cottages cost eighteen thousand pounds; their arms. Magnolia, Hartford Ed., Vol. I., p.(i<).

1637-8] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 7

The colonists lost no time in organizing train-bands, which were supplied with the
weapons and equipments sent out from England and were drilled by veteran officers,
who were paid for their services. At a Court of Assistants, held at Boston, July 26,
1631, it was " Ordered, that evy first Thursday in evy month there shal be a genall
traineing of Capt Vndrhill's company att Boston and Rocksbury, and evy first Friday in
evy month there shal be a genall traineing of the remaindr of them who inhabitt att
Charlton, Misticke and the New Towne, att a convenient place aboute the Indian
wigwams, the traineing to begin at one of the clocke in the afternoon,"

Among the distinguished immigrants who came to Boston in 1635, was Sir Henry
Vane, a noble-hearted young man, of good education and exemplary character, described
by John Milton in a sonnet, beginning, —

" Vane, young in years, liut in sage counsel, old."

The Liberals, soon after his arrival, elected him governor, and it was soon apparent that
the orthodox portion of the colonists were losing their ascendancy. Mrs. Hutchinson, a
woman of rare ability, seconded by her brother, the Rev. John Wheelwright, were the
champions of the tolerant views advanced by Governor Vane, and the more zealous
Puritans saw that unless they could crush out such liberal ideas, they would be obliged
to relinquish their assumed power. Fortunately for the Liberals, among whom were
nearly all the military men of the colony, it became evident that the Pequot Indians
were negotiating a hostile alliance with the Narragansetts for the extermination of the
British settlers along the coast. This threatened war made the Puritans more tolerant
than they would otherwise have been, but by a great effort they re-elected Mr. Winthrop
as governor, and Sir Henry Vane returned to England, where he subsequently partici-
pated in the rebellion, and was beheaded after the restoration of Charles II. Mrs.
Hutchinson was tried, convicted of heresy, and banished.

In the Colony Records, Vol. I., pp 207-8, are given the names of those persons who
were "seduced and led into dangerous errors " by " the opinions and revelations of Mr.
Wheelwright and Mrs. Hutchinson." The " whereas " provides, " that all those whose
names are underwritten shall before the 30"" day of this month of November, deliver in
at Mr. Cane's [Robert Keayne's] house at Boston all such guns, pistols, swords, powder,
shot, and match, as they shall bee owners of, or have in their custody, upon paine of
tenn pounds for every default to bee made thereof," etc.

Fifty-eight are names of persons living in Boston ; five in Roxbury ; two in Charles-
town, and several in Salem, Newbury, and Ipswich. Of the fifty-eight in Boston, the
following were or became members of the Artillery Company, viz. : Captain John Under-
hill (1637), William Aspinwall (1643), Samuel Cole (1637), John Button (1643),
Richard Cooke (1643), Richard Fairbanks (1654), Thomas Marshall (1640), John
Oliver (1637), John Biggs (1641), Richard Gridley (1658), Zacheus Bosworth (1650),
James Johnson (1638), Thomas Savage (1637), John Odlin (1638), Edward Hutchin-
son (1638), Robert Harding ( 1637), Richard Waite (1638), Edward Bendall (1638),
Mr. Clarke (1638), and Hugh Gunnison (1646), or one third of the entire number.
One in Roxbury, Richard Morris (1637) ; one in Charlestown, James Brown (1638).

On the 7th of October, 1636, there were ten train-bands in Massachusetts, which
were officered as follows: Boston, Captain John LTnderhill (1637), Lieutenant Edward
Gibbons (1637), and Ensign Robert Hardinge (1637) ; Charlestown, Captain Robert
Sedgwick (1637) and Lieutenant Norton (1643); Dorchester, Captain Humphrey

8 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1637-8

Atherton (1638), Lieutenant Ezekiel Stoughton, and Ensign Nathaniel Duncan (1638) ;
Watertown, Captain William Jennison (1637), Lieutenant George Woodman, and
Ensign Richard Kent; Braintree, Captain William Tyng (1638); Cambridge, Cap-
tain George Cooke (1638) and Lieutenant William Spencer (1637) ; Saugus, Lieutenant
Daniel Howe (1637) and Ensign Richard Walker (1638); Ipswich, Captain Daniel
Denison (1660), Lieutenant Richard Davenport (1639), and Ensign Thomas Whitting-
ham; Lynn, Captain Nathaniel Turner (1637), Lieutenant Daniel Howe (1637), and
Ensign Robert Walker; Newbury, Captain John Spencer, Lieutenant Edward Woodman,
and Ensign Richard Kent.

Many of these officers had belonged in England either to the Honourable Artillery
Company, which had control of the Artillery Garden, or to another military association
in London which met at the Military Garden. These two grounds for drill and martial
exercises are described in a work entitled " The Artillery and the Military Gardens of
London," by Lieutenant-Colonel Elton, who says in his introductory remarks : " The
great delight in handling of arms in Military Exercises makes the City of London and the
suburbs thereof famous throughout the world, by reason, as I conceive, of those two great
Nurseries or Academies of Military Discipline, the Artillery and the Military Gardens,
from whence, as out of pure fountains, all other private meetings are derived." There
was also the " Martial Yard," at Horseldown, where the train-bands of Southwork used
to exercise, and an " Artillery Ground," where the Middlesex and Westminster train-
bands were drilled Other military societies, similar to the Artillery Company, were
formed during the reign of Charles L On the 22d of October, 1625, the captains and
trained men of Bristol humbly begged to be allowed to establish " an Artillerie Yarde " ;
North Yarmouth next applied, on the loth of January, in the following year, and William
Dutton, gentleman, of Chester, asked to be permitted to establish an artillery yard in
that city, at his own expense, and to be appointed captain of it. Ipswich applied for a
like permission on the 29th of September, 1629, and Nottingham did likewise on the 31st
of December in the same year ; all of whom, were authorized to establish artillery yards,
according to their requests.

Recollections of these organizations doubtless prompted twenty-four of the Massa-
chusetts officers, in 1637-8, to form an artillery company in New England, which
would serve as a military school, in which the officers of the scattered town companies
could acquire uniformity of tactics and drill.

The following Hst has been prepared from a comparison of the rolls of the Hon-
ourable Artillery of London and of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of
Massachusetts. It is based on the similarity of names and of the dates of becoming
members. It is not intended to assert that all of the following were members of both
companies, but, so far as names and dates are concerned, they might have been : —

,, Joined the Came io Joined

^"'""- London Co. America. A.&'H.A.Co.

1 Adams, Thomas March 10, 1639 1643 1644

2 Baker, Richard Jan. 15, 163S 1639 1658

3 Bourne, Nehemiah ' March 2, 1639 1638 1638

4 Buckley, Thomas Dec. 25, 1680 — 1685

5 Clarke, Hon. Thomas Sept. 13, 1631 1636 1638

' Joined the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company first.

I637-S]

HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY.

, , joined the

Names. t i r^

London Co.

6 Clarke, Thomas, Jr May 14, 1633

7 Clarke, William June 23, 1629

8 Clements, William May 22, 1657

9 Collicott, Richard 161 2

10 Davie, Humphrey Aug. 16, 1659

11 Davis, John March 14, 1627

(^2 Davis, William July 6, 1641

13 Evans, Josias June 16, 1642

14 Fletcher, Edward May i, 1627

15 Fogg, Ralph Oct. 15, 1622

16 Glover, Thomas . Aug. 20, 1622

17 Harrison, John May 5, 1629

18 Hasey, William May 30, 1643

19 Hawkins, Thomas April 4, 1620

20 Hawkins, Thomas Feb. 26, 1639

21 Hill, John July 28, 1635

22 Hunt, Thomas Sept. 14, 1668

23 Keayne, Robert May 6, 1623

24 Kent, William Sept. 22, 1657

25 Milan, John May 24, 1614

26 Morris, Richard Nov. 15, 1614

27 Parker, Richard Nov. i, 1614

28 Perkins, William Oct. 10, 16 14

29 Phillips, Henry Sept. 30, 1623

30 Price, Richard May 2, 1643

31 Robinson, William July 3, 162 1

32 Shaw, John March 21, 1619

33 Smith, John Aug. 22, 1637

34 Spencer, William 161 1

35 Stanley, Thomas June 8, 1619

36 Stowe, Thomas June 18, 1620

37 Underbill, John Sept. 27, 1614

38 Walker, Richard May 28, 1622

39 Webb, John June 9, 1631

40 Williams, Robert Aug. 21, 1635

41 Wright, Robert ...... Jan. 22, 1621

Came to
Ainerica.

1636

1630
1662

163s

1639-40

1633
1630

1635
1642
1641
1674

1635

1662

1635-6

1630

1635-6

1632

1637

1636

1631
1635
1634
1630
1630
1635
1637

yoined
&- I/.A.Co.

1644

1646

1662

1637
1665

1643
1643
1642

1643
1644
1642
1638
1652
1638
1649

1643
1685

1637
1667
1641
1637
1638
1638
1640
1658

1643
1646
1644

1637
1640
1638

1637
1638

1643
1644

1643

The veterans accordingly formed a military company in 1637, and petitioned Gov-
ernor Winthrop for a charter of incorporation, but at first without success. Governor
Winthrop says of the original application: "Mo. 12 [1637] Divers gentlemen and
others, being joined in a military company, desired to be made a corporation, but the
Council considering (from the example of the Praetorian band among the Romans, and
the Templars in Europe,) how dangerous it might be to erect a standing authority of
military men, which might easily in time overthrow the civil power, thought fit to stop it

lO HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1637-8

betimes; yet they were allowed to be a company, but subordinate to all authority." ^
Another writer, using nearly the same words, adds : " Thus were the chief rulers of the
country not only ready to espy, but timely prevent any inconveniency that might in after
times arise." It has also been intimated that the Governor and his Council, who had so
recently been kept out of power for a year by the adherents of Sir Henry Vane and Mrs.
Hutchinson, were unwilling to incorporate a body chiefly composed of those who had
supported this revolutionary movement. The reason for this rejection of the petition may
appear by the following quotation from Governor VVinthrop's History of New England,
Vol. I., p. 257 : "At this Court [i mo., 1638] divers of our chief military officers, who
had declared themselves favorers of the familistical persons and opinions, were sent for,
and being told, that the court having some jealousy of them for the same, and therefore
did desire some good satisfaction from them, they did ingenuously acknowledge, how
they had been deceived and misled by the pretence, which had been held forth, of
advancing Christ, and debasing the creature, etc., which since they have found to be
otherwise, and that their opinions and practices tended to disturbance and delusions ;
and so blessed God, that they had so timely discovered their error and danger to them."

The cause of the Court's jealousy having been removed by the acknowledgments of
the chief military officers, the charter of the Military Company of the Massachusetts
was soon after granted.

The newly formed Company, however, was permitted to organize and to present the
names " of two or three to the Council, to choose a Captain out of them." Robert
Keayne was probably selected, as a subsequent order of the Council provides that
" Captain Keayne and the Military Company have povi^er to exercise where they please
and to make use of so many of the common arms as they need, and a warrant from any
of the Council is sufficient for the delivery of them to Captain Keayne or to such as he
shall appoint."

The Company did not relax its exertions to obtain the desired charter. It was
finally successful, as appears from the following extract from the original Records of the
Colony of Massachusetts Bay, under the date of "the r3"' of the First Month, (a) 1638,"
/. (?., March 13, 1638.

" Orders for the Military Company, made by the Governor and Council and con-
firmed by the General Court.

" Whereas divers Gentlemen and others, out of their care of the publick weal and
safety, by the advancement of the military art and exercise of arms, have desired license
of the Court to join themselves in one Company, and to have the liberty to exercise
themselves, as their occasions will best permit ; and that such liberties and privileges
might be granted them, as the Court should think meet, for their better encouragement
and furtherance in so useful an employment ; which request of theirs being referred unto
us of the Standing Council, we have thought fit, upon serious consideration, and confer-
ence with divers of the principal of them, to set down and order herein as followeth :

^'Imprimis. We do order, that Robert Keayne, Nathaniel Duncan, Robert Sedg-
wick, William Spencer, Genriemen, and such others as are already joined with them, and
such as they shall from time to time take into their Company, shall be called the
Military Company of the Massachusetts.

"adly. They or the greater number of them, shall have liberty to choose their

' Winthrop's Hist, of New Eng., Vol. I., p. 253.

7f .liV <S»

,^K.___.^.-_,^,--^^

PHOTOGRAPH OF THE CHARTER.

1637-8] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. I I

Captain, Lieutenant, and all other officers. Their Captain and Lieutenant to be always
such as the Court or Council shall allow of ; and no officer be put upon them, but of
their own choice.

" 3dly. The first Monday in every month is appointed for their meeting and exer-
cise ; and to the end that they may not be hindered from coming together, we do hereby
order, that no other training in the particular towns, nor other ordinary town meetings,
shall be appointed on that day ; and if that day prove unseasonable for the exercise of
their arms, then the sixth of the same week is appointed for supply. This not to extend
to Salem, or the towns beyond, nor to Hingham, Weymouth, Dedham or Concord.

" 4thly. They have liberty and power to make orders amongst themselves, for the
better managing their military affairs ; which orders are to be of force, when they shall
be allowed by the Court or Council ; and they may appoint an officer to levy any fines
or forfeitures, which they shall impose upon any of their own company, for the breach
of any such order, so as the same exceed not twenty shillings for any one offence.

"5thly. The said Military Company are to have one thousand acres of land, (in
some place as may not be prejudicial to any plantation,) to be granted by the Court to
some of the said Company, for the use of the present Company, and such as shall suc-
ceed in the same ; to be improved by them within a time convenient, for providing
necessaries for their military exercises, and defraying of other charges, which may arise
by occasion thereof.

" 6thly. The said Company shall have liberty, at the time before appointed, to
assemble themselves for their military exercises, in any town within this jurisdiction, at
their own pleasure ; provided always, that this order or grant, or anything therein con-
tained, shall not extend to free the said Company, or any of them, their persons or
estates, from the civil Government and jurisdiction here established.

"John Winthrop, Governor,
"Thomas Dudley, Dep. Governor."

Mr. Whitman (1810) states, in the second edition of his History of the Ancient and
Honorable Artillery Company, that " in the early records of the Company, and transcript
made in pursuance of Daniel Henchman [1675], the commander's orders, under date
of 1702, is incorporated another article numbered '3d' and inserted between 3dly and
4thly of the Charter as here printed, viz. : 'None of the said Military Company, (except
such as shall be officers of any other train-band in any particular town,) shall be bound
to give attendance upon their ordinary trainings.' Snow, in his History of Boston,
inserts this as an original part of the charter ; but he took it from the charter as printed
then, for the use of the members, or from their records, rather than looking at the records
of the colony. The first By-Laws adopted, 1657, seem to be founded on such an
article, but it is presumed none such ever existed. It was a custom adopted rather at
the commencement of the Company and so handed down, until, by tradition and use, it
became merged or interpolated in the charter. It is, however, an important privilege of
the Company, going to exempt all citizens, otherwise liable to duty, from doing such
duty in companies, within whose bounds they may reside ; and, as such, has always
received such construction."

The charter says : —

" Imprimis. We do order, that Robert Keayne, Nathaniel Duncan, Robert Sedg-
wick, William Spencer, Gentlemen, and such others as are already joined with them," etc.

12 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1637-8

The number recorded as "already joined with them " in 1637 is twenty-four, includ-
ing three named in the charter ; the name of Nathaniel Duncan not appearing on the
roll until 1638. They are as follows: Robert Keayne, Robert Sedgwick, Joseph Weld,
Thomas Savage, Daniel Howe, Thomas Huckens, John Oliver, Joshua Hewes, Samuel
Cole, Israel Stoughton, John Underhill, Nathaniel Turner, William Jennison, Richard
Morris, Edward Gibbons, William Spencer, Robert Harding, Thomas Cakebread, John
Holman, Richard Collicot, Joseph Pendleton, Edward Tomlins, Nicholas Upshall, and
Edward Johnson.

The above-named founders of the Company merit our first and especial attention.
They will be considered in the order in which they signed the roll; but after 1637-8,
the members will be briefly sketched, their names each year being arranged alpha-
betically.

Captain Robert Keayne (,1637) deserves grateful recognition as the founder of
the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, and merits its reverential respect and
gratitude. His name is first on the roll, and stands first in the charter. He was born at
Windsor, England, in the year 1595, and was the son of John Keayne, a butcher. After
having served an eight years' apprenticeship with John Heyfield, of Birchinlane, at
London, beginning on the 9th of March, 1606, he was admitted to the freedom £)f the
Merchant Tailors'" corporation on the 17th of April, 1615. He joined the Honourable
Artillery Company of London on the 6th of May, 1623.

Robert Keayne (1637) came in the "Defence" from London to America, in the
year 1635, when he was forty years of age ; his wife Ann was thirty-eight, and their son
Benjamin was sixteen years of age.

"Marriage Licenses Granted by Bishop of London 1598 to 1639. [1617] xviii Junij
W* dale appeared Robert Kayne of St. Michaell, in Cornehill, London Mrchan-
tayler and a batchelor aged xxnij'-' yeres or thereabouts and at his owne gov't and did
allege that he intendeth to marie w"' one Anne Mansfeild maiden aged xxj"' yeres or

thereabouts the daughter of Mansfeild late of Henly in the Countie of Buck, gent.

dec. long since. And then appeared W"' Jackson curate of St. Michaells aforesaid and

testified of his owne knowledge that M'* Mansfeild of Henley aforesaide, widdowe

mother of said Anne is privie and consentinge to this intended marriage, etc. ; St.
Michaell.

"Christened. — 1618, May 14, Benjamin Kaine, son of Rob' and Ann Kaine.
1620, June 15, John Kaine, son of Robert and Ann Kaine. 1622, May 9, Joseph, son
of Robart and An Keayne. 1624, Oct. 18, John, son of Robart and Ann his wife.

" Buried. • — 1621, JVIar. 27, John Kaine, son of Robt. and Anne Kaine. 1625, Jan.
16, John, son of Robart and Ann Keayne. 1626, Mar. 28 Joseph, son of Robert and
Ann Keayne. 1633, Feb. 10, Mansfield, mother of Mrs. Cane in Bergin (Birch-
ing?) Lane." '

Capt. Robert Keayne (1637). Author:- tices of their Conformitie and ht they are no sub-

TIES: Winthrop's Hist. New Eng.; New Eng. Hist. sedy man — Robert Keayne 40: Ann Keayne 38:

and Gen. Reg., 1852,1877,610.; Boston /)(?;/)• C/nfe, Ben. Keayne 16." — London Records.
Dec. 24, 1893, C. W. Ernst; Mem. Hist, of Boston; "The first military commander in Braintreewas

Report of Boston Rec. Com., 1634-1660; same, Capt Robert Keayne who was sent from Boston to

Miss. Papers, Vol. X.; Savage's Gen. Diet. ; Whit- organize and drill them for proper duty." — Hist.

man's Hist. A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1S42. Braintree and Quincy. PaUee, 1S78, p. 358.

" 17 July 1635. Theis vnder written names are ' Communicated to Essex Institute Hisl. Coil's,

to be transported to N. England inlarged in the Salem, April and September, 1891, by Henry F.

Defence p'red pr Cert, from the ministers and Jus- Waters.

«637-8] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 1 3

He located as a tailor in a house, which was his shop and his residence, on the
southeast corner of State and Washington streets. On that corner, in provincial times,
Daniel Henchman (1675) kept his well-known book shop; and in it Henry Knox was
brought up. Nicholas Boone kept a book shop on that lot, in the early part of the
eighteenth century. Captain Keayne (1637) soon became, by his industry, energy, and
capital, a leading colonist. He was orthodox in his religious faith, though not illiberal,
and he was a devoted adherent of Governor Winthrop. He became the owner of several
pieces of land, by grant and by purchase, one of them being a tract of over three hun-
dred acres at Rumney Marsh, now in the town of Revere. He did not confine himself to
the limitations of his trade, but availed himself of every opportunity to make an invest-
ment which promised to be profitable. Shrewd and successful, he was soon regarded as
sharp at a bargain, and, although one of the leading spirits in town and colony affairs,
he was publicly rebuked for his offences. They were. First, Inasmuch "as he was a pro-
fessor of religion," he should not strive to make money. Second, Inasmuch "as he was
a man of eminent ability," he should not strive to make money. Third, Inasmuch " as
he was already wealthy, and had but one child," he should not strive to make money.
Fourth, Inasmuch "as he came over for conscience' sake," he should not strive to make
money. Fifth, Inasmuch "as he had already been warned by church elders against
money-making, and had promised with tears, to strive not to do so," he should the more
strive not to make money ; he should curb his financial ability and turn the guineas away
from his own till. The General Court, therefore, sentenced Mr. Keayne (1637) to
pay two hundred pounds ; but the magistrates regarded the fine as too heavy and the
matter was finally compromised by his paying eighty pounds, receiving a respite for the
remainder. After the General Court had tried Mr. Keayne (1637), found him guilty of
extortionate charges and fined him, the First Church of Boston called him to account.
Appearing before the pastor and his fellow-church-members, he acknowledged with tears,
as he had done in the court, his covetous and corrupt beha\ior, and offered as an excuse
that he had been misled by adopting as business rules: " ist. That if a merchant lost
on one commodity, he might help himself in the price of another : 2nd, That, if through
want of skill or other occasion, his commodity cost him more than the price of the
market in England, he might then sell it for more than the price of the market in New
England."

The Rev. John Cotton, in the next Thursday lecture, reviewed Mr. Keayne's (1637)
defence, and cited other false principles of trade, after which he laid down the following
business rules : " ist. A man may not sell above the current price : /. f. such a price as
is usual in the time and place, and as another (who knows the worth of the commodity)
would give for it, if he had occasion to use it, as that is called current money which
every man will take, etc. 2nd. When a man loseth in his commodity, for want of skill,
etc. he must look at it as his own fault or cross and therefore must not lay it upon
another. 3rd. Where a man loseth by casualty at sea, or, etc., it is a loss cast upon
"himself by Providence, and he may not ease himself of it by casting it upon another ;
for so a man should seem to provide against all providences, etc., that he should never
lose : but where there is a scarcity of the commodity, there men may raise their price,
for now it is a hand of God upon the commodity, and not the person. 4th. A man may
not ask any more for his commodity than his selling price, as Ephron to Abraham, the
land is worth so much."

When the church took up the case for decision, an earnest debate is said to have

HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1637-8

ensued, some members desiring to have Mr. Keayne (1637) excommunicated, while the
majority thought an admonition would be sufficient. Mr. Cotton stated the causes which
required excommunication, deducing them from ist Corinthians v. 11.

" But now I have written unto you not to keep company, if any man that is called a brother be a
fornicator, or covetous, or an idolater, or a railer, or a drunkard, or an extortioner; with such a one no not
to eat."

" The point now in question was, whether these actions did declare him to be such a
covetous person, etc. Upon which he showed that it is neither the habit of covetousness
(which is in every man in some degree), nor simply the act, that declares a man to be
such ; but when it appears that a man sins against his conscience, or the very light of
nature, and when it appears in a man's whole conversation. But Mr. Keayne [1637] did
not appear to be such, but rather, upon an error in his judgment, being led by false
principles ; and besides he is otherwise liberal as in his hospitality and in church
communion, etc." In the end, therefore, the church consented to an admonition.

Another absurd clamor raised against Mr. Keayne (1637) has been humorously
chronicled by General Henry K. Oliver (1837), who was one of his successors in the
command of the military company which he founded. It seems that a curly-tailed speci-
men of " the swinish multitude " had been found " going at large," in the streets of
Boston, and had been " rooting " in premises outside her proper domain. Hungry,
vagrant swine are dangerous quadrupeds. To stop annoyance and prevent danger, the
beast was impounded in Captain Keayne's sty with a bristly sister, and due notice was
given by the town crier that the owner of the vagrant hog might prove property, pay
styage, and take the animal to its rightful place. Divers inquirers came, but no claimant.
At the end of a year from the time of impounding, during which interval the two had
fared well, the captain relegated his own animal to the knife and the pork-barrel. Then
there suddenly came forward one widow Sherman, who proved as great a thorn to Captain
Keayne (1637) as his bitterest enemy could wish. Widow Sherman proclaimed that she
had lost a hog, and that not the living but the slaughtered hog was hers. The whole town
was roused into a tumult, and the case, urged on by a rival tradesman, was brought
before the elders of the church, who after strict examination and due trial discharged
the Captain. Appeal was made by the widow to the civil court, and again the Captain
was triumphantly acquitted, recovering costs and forty pounds damages for slander. The
widow still pressed her suit, and her case came up in the Great and General Court. It
was debated for seven days, at the end of which time, the matter was sent to referees.
General Gibbons (1637) and Colonel Tyng (1642), both of whom were members of the
Artillery Company. It seems that they most sensibly permitted the thing to die of its
own folly, the kind-hearted defendant remitting his right to damages.

Two years after. Captain Keayne (1637) was elected a deputy from Boston, and
ser\'ed as such four of the five next following years, 1645-50,' in which station his activity
and usefulness were alike conspicuous. This act of his townsmen certainly indicates
that he still retained their confidence and unimpaired respect. In fact he was, above
contradiction, a most earnest man and practical benefactor, turning his gains into a
beneficent direction, and doing as much, if not more, than any other man of his day
and locality, for the town, the church, the schools, and the colony. Nor were his enemies

' Capt. Keayne was also a member of the General Court during 1638 and 1639, and was chosen speaker
of the House of Deputies for the first day of sitting, Oct. 7, 1646. — Records of Col. of Mass. Bay.

1637-8] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 1 5

unwilling to accept his generous donations. He gave fifty pounds for the benefit of the
poor identified with the very church which had persecuted him.

Captain Keayne (1637) must have been a man of untiring industry. In addition
to his private business and his public duties, he was a regular attendant on the Sunday
services and the Thursday lectures, often taking notes of what was said in a short-hand,
probably of his own invention. There is in the library of the Massachusetts Historical
Society a small volume of these manuscript notes, entitled, " Mr. Cotton our Teacher.
His Sermons or Expositions upon the Bookes of the New Testament, 1639." Another
" volume contains the substance of expository discourses delivered in the First Church,
Boston, on Lord's Day afternoon from 1643 'o 1646, by Rev. John Cotton. A/so, The
Substance of a Sermon by the Senior Pastor, Rev. John Wilson, Mo. 2-20-1645. Like-
wise, The Substance of a Sermon by Rev. Mr. Cobbet — Probably of Ipswich or Boston
N. E. Mo. 5-i3-i64S-afternoon. It is yiXSi inches, has 482 pages, bound in
leather, and once had two brass clasps. In it is written in his own handwriting, ' Robert
Keayne of Bost : New England his Booke 1643, price 6d.' This second volume is in
the Library of the Rhode Island Historical Society, Providence. Each page is closely
written." '

When the colonists began to see the necessity for having military organization upon
which to depend in case of invasion by foreign or native foes, Mr. Keayne (1637),
remembering his London training, suggested the establishment of a similar institution
in the home of his adoption. Through his superior military knowledge, his expenditures
of money and his persistency, he succeeded in establishing the Company upon such a
permanent basis that it became one of the solid institutions of Boston. He was a
public spirited and liberal citizen, and his benefactions were large, considering his
wealth. He gave two hundred and fifty pounds to Harvard College ; a like sum for a
town library in Boston, and two hundred and fifty pounds for introducing pure water
into his neighborhood. He thus aided the introduction of water, by artificial means,
for the use of the people of this peninsula. He was active on the " 23rd of the nth
moneth, 1635," " in raysing of a new Worke of fortification upon the Forthill," and "at
a general meeting of the richer inhabitants," Aug. 12, 1636, he contributed liberally
" towards the maintenance of a free school master." He supported with his means
and influence every cause that was intended to secure benefits for the people. Not
a picture of this " first citizen " has ever been found, after unwearied search ; in fact,
he died without leaving a trace behind, except his benefactions, as set forth in his last
will and testament.

This interesting document, which filled one hundred and fifty folio pages, was " all
in his own hand." A transcript of it extends from page 116 to page 264, Vol. I. of
the Records of Suffolk County. It is printed in Vol. X. [Document 150-1886] of the
Reports of the Record Commissioners of Boston, and occupies fifty-three pages,
containing about fifty-one thousand words. The following extracts will give an idea of
its style, legacies, and provisions. The original spelling is not preserved : —

" I Robert Keayne, citizen and merchant tailor of London by freedom, and by the
good Providence of God now dwelling at Boston in New England in America ... do
therefore now in my health make, ordain and declare this to be my Last Will and Testa-
ment. . . .

' Letter of Capt. A. A. Folsom (1867).

l6 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1637-8

" First and before all things, I commend and commit my precious soul into the
hands of Almighty God : ... As for my burial I shall not desire any great outward
solemnity to be used further than that which shall be decent and civil as becomes Chris-
tians : Knowing that extraordinary solemnities can add nothing to the peace or benefit of
the deceased, yet having been trained up in Military discipline from my younger years,
and having endeavored to promote it the best I could since God hath brought me into
this country and seeing he hath been pleased to use me as a poor instrument to lay the
foundation of that noble Society of the Artillery Company in this place, that hath so far
prospered by the blessing of God as to help many with good experience in the use of
their arms and more exact knowledge in the Military Art and hath been a nursery to raise
up many able and well experienced soldiers that hath done since good service for their
country, therefore to declare my affections to that exercise and the society of soldiers, I
shall desire to be buried as a soldier in a Military way."

He then provides for his debts, for an inventory of his estate, and divides the prin-
cipal part of his property between his wife and son. He sets apart two hundred pounds,
that " if any man or woman, young or old, in Old England or New, could justly challenge
or make it appear by good proof or reason that I had in anything unjustly wronged or
defrauded them, that they might have full satisfaction allowed them. . . .

" I, having long thought and considered of the want of some necessary things of
public concernment which may not be only commodious but very profitable and useful
for the Town of Boston, as a Market place and conduit, the one a good help in danger
of fire, . . . the other useful for the country people that come with their provisions,
. . . also to have some convenient room or two for the Courts to meet in both in Winter
and Summer, and [aljso for the townes' men and Commissioners of the town, also ... a
convenient room for a Library and a gallery or some other handsome room for the Elders
to meet in and confer together. . . . Then in the same building there may be also a room
for an armory to keep the arms of the Artillery Company and for the soldiers to meet in
when they have occasion."

Captain Keayne (1637) then makes a donation of three hundred pounds for a
market-house, one hundred pounds for a " Granere," and books for the beginning of
the library. Having provided, by a legacy, for refreshment for the elders when they
meet and confer, he continues : —

" And if a convenient, fair room in one of the buildings before mentioned be
sequestered and set apart for an Armory and the meeting of the .^rtiller)', if there it be
thought convenient or if some other place be provided for that use more convenient,
with the officers of that Company's advice, I am not strict for the very place so they
have content in it, though yet I think the very heart and securest part of the town
(and no out or by place) is the most fit for a Magazine for Arms because of the danger
of surprising of them, the place that they now use will be fit, to scour and tend the
arms in and the other to lay them up and keep them in, which will be a comely sight
for strangers to see and a great ornament to the room and also to the town where the
soldiers may arm themselves every time they go to exercise, such a place being provided,
I give and bequeath five pounds for the encouragement of that Company to be laid out
in pikes and bandoleers for the use of such soldiers of that Company that live in other
towns. . . .

" Item I give and bequeath further to this Artillery Company of Boston five pounds
more towards the erecting of a platform planked underneath for two mounted pieces of

1637-8] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 1 7

ordnance to stand upon, a greater and a smaller, with a shed of boards raised over it,
to keep them dry and preserve them from sun and weather and this to be raised in
the most convenient part in the training place in Boston where it shall be most fit for
that use and where at a convenient distance against some hill or rising ground there
may be a good butt or kind of bulwark raised of earth that may receive the shot of those
pieces and may be free from endangering any that may unexpectedly pass by or behind
the butt in case they should overshoot, which butt may be cast up or digged at the
bottom of a hill without any charge by the Company themselves, in two or three of
their training days and my end in this is, that the Company may be trained up, (or so
many of them as desire it) in the use, exercise and experience of the great ordnance as
they are in their muskets that they may learne how to traverse, load, mount, level and
fire at a mark, &c. which is as needful a skill for a soldier as the exercise of their
ordinary arms. I suppose the Country will willingly lend the Company two such pieces
for so good a use as this is, if the town itself hath none such to spare and will give
them a barrel of powder or two to encourage them, to begin a service that will be so
singularly useful for the country, the bullets will be most of them found and saved again
if the hill or butt against which they shoot be not so low and narrow that they over-
mount and shoot aside at random, now as many of that company or others which desire
to learn that art of gunnery (so needful for every Captain and officer of a Company to
be experienced in) they may enter their names to be scholars of the Great Artillery
and to agree that every one that enters his name may give so much for entry and so
much a year afterwards as you do at the Artillery which money will serve to lay in
provision of powder, shot, spunges, budge-barrels, cannon baskets and some allowance
to the Mr. Gunner that shall take pains to instruct them, if there cannot be some
skilful and sufficient man found, that will think the honor of the place to instruct such
a society in so noble a service recompense sufficient that they have an opportunity
not only to exercise their own skill, but to do good to the country and to willing
scholars that so thirst after experience as we see the Capt and rest of the officers
of the small Artillery do freely expend their time to instruct others in the best skill
themselves have attained, and l»ok at it as reward enough that their pains are accepted
and the company edified by it, besides there being many ship masters and gunners
that resort to this country who have good skill in this art, the Company I doubt not
upon their request might have their help sometimes and direction herein and he that
is chosen to this place may have the title of the Capt of the great Artillery or Mr.
Gunner and there may be a time appointed once in a week or fortnight for the scholars
to meet to spend two or three hours, either forenoon or afternoon for their instruction
in it. Now all that meet cannot expect to make every one a shot apiece or but one
man two shots at one time and the rest may observe as much by the manner of their
performing it as if they had done it themselves, and for further encouragement to help
on this exercise besides the five pounds given before towards the platform and the other
five pounds for pikes, &c. . . .

" I give and bequeath two heifers or cows to the Captain and officers of the first
Artillery Company to be kept as a stock constantly and the increase or profit of these
cows yearly to be laid out in powder or bullets, &c., for the use of the exercise of the
great Artillery, only the stock at no time or the value of it not to be diminished and
these to be delivered to the Capt that shall have the command of that company or
whom himself and officers shall appoint when the platform and butt is finished, and two

1 8 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1637-8

pieces mounted thereon, with all materials thereto belonging fit to exercise with, when
a Master or Captain of the great Ordnance is chosen, a convenient company of soldiers
entered for scholars as between ten and twenty and all things settled in a good posture
for the beginning and continuance of that exercise, but if the Artillery Company shall
neglect to accomplish this before expressed above two years after my decease, then
these three legacies, viz. both the five pounds and the two cows to be void and to be to
the use of my executor, but if the things before mentioned be accomplished and this
new company do go on as I desire it may then my will is that the Capt with the consent
of the Company may appoint some able man either of the Company or otherwise that
shall give bond to my executors or overseers for these two cows or the value of them
at the time of delivery that the stock shall be preserved and the increase or benefit of
them only to be disposed of for the use of this new Company and if this Company
should break off and not continue their exercise then the two cows to be returned to
my executor or some of my overseers for his use or the just value that they were worth
at the time of their first delivery, now any man that shall have the cows to keep will be
willing to give such a bond if the Company order it so, in case that exercise should fall
to the ground, for the two first five pounds I desire no bond nor any returns of it
though the Company should not continue very long, I would make it my dying request
to our first Artillery Company (if there shall be such a Company in being when it shall
please God to take me out of this miserable world) many know what my earnest
endeavors and desires hath been to promote and encourage what I could since the Lord
hath brought me into this country and my desires have not been altogether frustrated
for out of this small Company the Lord hath raised up many a well experienced soldier
that hath done good ser%'ice and hath been of good esteem both here and in our native
country and therefore my grief is the more to see this sometime flourishing and highly
prized Company that when the country grows more populous this company should grow
more thin and ready to dissolve for want of appearance but some are weary and thus
think they have got experience enough so the most begins to neglect but ray request is
that the entries, quartridge and fines for late and non-appearance (which last hath
been too long neglected) and will not be well with )j|e Company till it be taken up
again especially seeing the greatest part of that Company consists now of men in our
own town and we never had better nor more constant appearance than when fines
were duly taken may be preserved and kept in stock to lay out in powder, arms, ban-
doleers for the use of the Company and in canvas to make resemblance of trenches, half
moons, redoubts, forts, &c., Cannon baskets and such like necessary implements for
some special military service that might be performed once or twice a year, which
would be a singular help to the ordinary exercise and would add much not only to
the encouragement but to the experience both of officers and soldiers in some military
exercises which without such helps as these cannot be taught nor performed, and these
moneys would be far better employed and to the greater satisfaction and content of
the Company in such things than to be wasted and spent in eating and drinking and
needless invitations as it hath been a long time both to my own and to the grief and
offence of several of the company which hath occasioned some to leave the Company
and others unwilling to pay their quartridge, seeing the whole stock is still consumed
and the Company rather in debt than otherwise which hath been a chief thing to hinder
many other profitable exercises for want of means to bear the charge of them and
will in time be the overthrow and dissolution of the Company if it be not prevented

1637-8] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 19

what hath made the Artillery Company in London so to flourish for so long a time
together but the stock of the Company well managed whereby they have done great
things and have been able to perform many exercises (though chargeable) both for
the delight of all beholders and the great benefit and experience of the soldiers and to
the increase of their number, and indeed I had in my purpose several other legacies
to have bestowed on this Company for their encouragement and the example of others
and have them in a readiness and of some consequence but the small appearance of the
Company and the declining of it daily which cannot be but a great discouragement to
the Capt and ofificers that command them, as also to the soldiers what do appear and
causes a kind of contempt instead of esteem in those that behold them, makes me fear
the final dissolution of it and so all gifts will sink with it and come to nothing hath
been the cause of altering my resolution, though I know a skilful commander though
he have a body of men but 4 files 6 deep which is but 24 soldiers, yea I would add
further, if he have but half so many but two files 6 or 8 deep, with them he may per-
form such variety of exercises, not only for the postures but the several motions
doublings facings counter marches wheelings yea such variety of forms of battles and
several kinds of firings and charges as should not only be delightful but very useful and
gainful to those that are exercised and not only for two or three training days, but
have matter enough to exercise them for several years which I should hardly have
believed, did not I know it to be true and have seen it with mine eyes, yet notwith-
standing what comfort or credit can a Capt have to go into the field with 6 or 12
soldiers and under the name of an Artillery or Military Company, it would be my
rejoicing if there could be any means thought on or used to increase and encourage
this Company that is and may be so honorable and advantageous to the whole country,
that it may remain and continue still in splendor and esteem increasing and not
declining, but all things have their changes."

Captain Keayne (1637) follows this expression of generosity, counsel, fear, and
hope, with other legacies. He makes gifts, to the town of Boston, three hundred
pounds; to the free school in Boston, fifty pounds; to "our own church," fifty pounds
for the relief of the poor ; to Harvard College, one hundred pounds, and, conditionally,
six hundred and twenty pounds more ; to Rev. John Cotton ; to his brother-in-law, Rev.
John Willson ; to Mr. John Willson ; to Elders Oliver and Colborne ; to Rev. Mr.
Norton ; to Mr. Bellingham, deputy ; to Edward Winslow ; to Major-General Gibbons
(1637); to his workmen and servants and others, various sums, amounting, probably,
to fifteen hundred pounds. Mr. Keayne (1637), in his will, estimates his property at
"_^4000 or thereabouts," and adds, ''it is well known to some that I brought over with
me two or 3000 lb in good estate of my own."

The three hundred pounds given to the town of Boston were for a market-place and
a conduit, the former to contain " some convenient room or two for the courts" (which
had hitherto been held in the meeting-house), "to meet in both summer and winter
and so for the Townsmen and Commissioners in the same building, or the like, and a
convenient room for a library, and a gallery, or some other handsome room for the elders
to meet in ; also a room for an armory."

In March, 1656-7, the town selected a committee to consider the " modell of the
towne house," as suggested in his will. One hundred and four citizens gave ^367 iij-.,
and Captain Keayne (1637), by will, ;^3O0 towards the contemplated structure, which
was completed in 1658, and occupied the site of what is now called "The Old State

20 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND ['^37 8

House." Oct. 9, 1667, the Legislature ordered "the necessary full and suitable repair
of the Town and Court House in Boston, founded by the late Captain Robert Keaync."
This building was destroyed in the great fire in Boston, which occurred in the night of
Oct. 7, 1711. The library contemplated in Captain Keayne's will was established, and
existed probably until 1711.1

The conduit, not proving so successful as was expected, was removed in about
twelve years. His legacy to the free school was probably applied to what is now called
the Public Latin School in Boston, one of the greatest ornaments of the city.

Captain Keayne (1637) died in his own house in Boston on the 23d of March,
1655-6." The inventory of his estate amounted to ^^2,427 \zs. id., and his debts and
funeral expenses were ^274. The will was probated May 2, 1656, but the estate was
not finally settled until Jan. 29, 1683, when, both of the executors being dead, letters
of administration were granted to Colonel Nicholas Paige^ (1693) and Anna, his wife,
granddaughter of the deceased. His widow, Ann Keayne, married, on the i6th of
October, 1660, Samuel Cole (1637).

The burial-place of Captain Robert Keayne (1637) has been patiently sought, but
it is not positively known. It is believed that for thirty years (1630-60) what is now
called " King's Chapel Burial-Ground " was the only place of burial in the town. In
1645, Thomas Scotto sold to the town the present City Hall lot. It is described in the
deed as having the "Burying place toward the west." Aug. 20, 1660, the town "ordered
that the old burying place shall nott bee broken up any more withoutt leave of some two
of the select men first obtained " ; and Nov. 5, 1660, it "ordered, that the old burying
place shall bee wholly deserted for some convenient season, and the new places appointed
for burying onely made use off." In the year 1660, two new cemeteries — the North
Burial-Ground on Copp's Hill, and the South, or Granary Burial-Ground — were laid out
for use. In King's Chapel Burial-Ground, Governor Winthrop was buried in 1649, Rev.
John Cotton in 1652, Thomas Oliver in 1658, William Paddy (1652) in 1658, Jacob
Sheafe (1648) in 1658, all of whom were intimate friends of Captain Keayne (1637).
Therefore it seems reasonable to conclude that Captain Robert Keayne (1637) was
buried within the present limits of King's Chapel Burial-Ground.''

' "[16S3] Augt 2d Giuen David Edwards on ing that Mr. John Barnerd, Jr., having "Set the
ord' vndr ye select mens hands to receaue of Elder Towns Liberary in good order, he is allowed for

John \Vis«all cS: Doctr Elisha Cook, 34ld. 4s. in Sd Service two of those bookes of wch there are in

mony for severall things he brought from England ye Sd Liberary two of a Sort." — Report of Boston

for ye vse of the Librarj', by order of Cap' Brattle, Rec. Com., Vol. XL, pp. 26, 37.
& is in pte of a greate sume due from them, for In June, 1 713, an advertisement was printed for

Cap' Robt Keynes legacie to ye vse of sd Library, the purpose of having all books belonging to the

as appears fol. 47. . . . town's library "before the late fire" returned to the

"1694-5 March II. At a public meeting of town treasurer,
freeholders and inhabitants it was voted that the ^ "The 26<h of the ist month, 1656, Capt

bookes of the Register of Birthes and deathes in the Robert Keyn died. He was a man of good under-

Town of Boston shall be demanded by the Select standing and learning, both in divine, civil and

men in whose hands soever they be and that all military arts and knowledge. He gave to the town

Bookes or Other things belonging to the Library a considerable sum, in his will, towards a town-

and all the goods or Estate belonging to the Tow^n house and conduit." — Diary of John Hull {1660).

be demanded and Taken care of by the Select men." Boston Records say he died " 23d of the ist

— Report of Boston Rec. Com., Vol. VII., pp. 162 mo."
and 220. 3ji,e petition of Nicholas Paige (1693) and

"[1702] August 31" the selectmen "Ordered Anna, his wife, to administer on Capt. Robert

that Mr. John Barnerd jun. be desired to make a Keayne's estate, fan. 29, 1683-4, is given in the New

Cattalogue of all the bookes belonging to the Towns Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1S77, p. 105.
Liberary and to Lotlge the Same in ye sd Liberary." J Shurtleff's Topographical and Historical Dis.

Peb. 28, 1704, It was voted in the Board meet- of Boston; Drake's Hist, of Boston, pp. 99, 100.

1^37-8] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMRANV. 2 1

"Captain Robert Keayne " (1637), said the Rev. Samuel K. Lothrop, in his
bi-centennial sermon, delivered before the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company in
1838, "was one of those men, rare elsewhere, but of whom New England and this city
especially, have seen many, who belonging to what is commonly called the middling
interest, occupying neither a very exalted nor a very obscure station in society, pos-
sessing neither extraordinary wealth nor extraordinary talent, have yet been eminent for
their public usefulness, for their high moral worth as men, for their faithful services as
citizens. He fostered in his day and generation the most valuable interests of the
community, and promoted, by his influence and example, the cause of sound morals,
rational piety, social progress, order and happiness. And so long as this Company
continues to exist and worth and virtue are honored by its members, so long he will be
held in grateful remembrance as an honest man, a faithful citizen, a sincere Christian."

Robert Sedgwick (1637), the second signer of the original roll of the Company,
was a son of William and Elizabeth (Howe) Sedgwick, and was born in Woburn,
Bedfordshire, England, where he was baptized May 6, 161 3. He married, in England,

Joanna , who after his death became the second wife of Rev. Thomas Allen, of

Norwich, England, previously of Charlestown, Mass. Mr. Allen's first wife was Ann
(Sadler) Harvard, the widow of Rev. John Harvard.

Capt. Sedgwick (1637) and his wife Joanna joined the Charlestown church, Feb.
27, 1636-7, having emigrated to America in 1635. He became a freeman March 9,
1636-7, when he was appointed captain for the town, and the next month was chosen
a representative. He was repeatedly re-elected, and served in the General Court
sixteen terms. He was engaged in Charlestown in mercantile pursuits. His house
fronted on the square near where the Bunker Hill Bank now stands, and his wharves
were near the town dock. Mr. Whitman (1810) says, that "Capt Sedgwick [1637]
had been a member of the Artillery Company in London," but his name does not
appear on the records or roll of the Honourable Artillery. He was probably connected
with " the Military Garden of London," an association for improvement in the art of
war, distinct from the company above mentioned. Johnson (1637) plainly tells us that
Capt. Sedgwick (1637) was "nursed up in London's Artillery Garden."'

He was chosen captain of the first train-band in Charlestown, which he drilled
every Friday afternoon ; he was captain of the Artillery Company of the Massachusetts
in 1640, 1645, ^nd 1648; commander at the castle in 1641, and of the Middlesex
regiment in 1643. On the organization of the colonial militia, in 1644, he was
appointed "Sergeant Major" or commander of the Middlesex regiment. In a
pamphlet entitled "Good News from New England," the author says: —

" Prest to oppose haters of peace, with guide
Of officers, three regiments abide
In Middlesex, seven ensigns are displayed,
There disciplined by Major Sedgwicke's aid."

Robert Sedgwick (1637). Authorities: Major chosen to order the Regiment of Essex, stout

Hist, of Middlesex Co., by D. Hamilton Hurd; New and active in all feats of war, nursed up in London's

Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg, 18S7, 1888, etc.; Froth- Artillery garden, and furthered with fifteen years

ingham's Charlestown; Johnson's Wonder- Work- experience in New England exact theory: besides

ing Providence; Wyman's Charlestown Genealogies the help of a very good head piece, being a frequent

and Estates; .Savage's Gen. Diet.; Whitman's Hist. instructor of the more martial troops of our artillery

A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1842; Winthrop's Hist. men," etc. — Wonder- Working Providence, by Ed-

of New Eng., Savage's Edition. ward Johnson {ib;^"]), Ed. 1867,/. 192. "Noble

' Robert Sedgwick was " the first Sergeant Captain Sedgwick." — Woburn Records.

22 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND t'637 8

When, in 1645, a king's ship had been captured in Boston Harbor by Capt. Stagg,
who had been commissioned by Parliament, the General Court authorized and appointed
Sergt.-Major Gibbons (1637), of Boston, and Sergt.-Major Sedgwick (1637), of Charles-
town, " to keep the peace in the said towns, and not to permit any ships to fight in the
harbor, without license from authority."

Capt. Sedgwick (1637) was associated with John VVinthrop, Jr., and other leading
colonists, in establishing iron-works at Lynn, in 1643, the first, it is affirmed, on the
American continent. Smelting, forging, and casting were carried on for some years,
the bog- ore furnishing the raw material; but Hubbard says that soon, "instead of
drawing out bars of iron for the country's use, there was hammered out nothing but
contention and law-suits." After a^lingering existence of forty years, the fire of the
forges was finally extinguished, the buildings were razed, and heaps of scoria only
remained for vegetation, in the course of years, to convert into grassy hillocks. In
other business operations, Capt. Sedgwick (1637) subjected himself to admonition for
the same "frailty" which caused his friend, Capt. Keayne (1637), so much persecution
by church and state, " taking more than sixpence in the shilling profit " ; but he escaped
with an admonition.

In 1652, Sergt.-Major Sedgwick was^ promoted [to the rank of " Sergeant-Major
General," or commander-in-chief. He held the office for one year, during which time
he was actively engaged in improving the discipline and drill of the colonial forces,
spending his money freely, whenever and wherever it was needed.

Gen. Sedgwick (1637), attracting the favorable attention of Oliver Cromwell,
then Lord Protector of Great Britain, was authorized, with Capt. John Leverett (1639),
afterwards Governor, to organize an expedition against New Netherlands, now New
York. Cromwell furnished them with three ships and a small body of troops, and
authorized them to increase their force by recruits in New England. When, after some
delays, they arrived at Boston, the Dutch war was already over, and, before the Massa-
chusetts contingents could be enlisted, news of the peace reached Boston. The com-
missioners then determined to make Acadia the object of their attack. " It was," says
Hutchinson, " a time of peace between the two nations, but the English had good
right to the country, and the complaints of the French in Europe could not prevail
upon Cromwell to give it up again." The Lord Protector asserted that a sum of money,
promised by France in consideration of the cession of Acadia, had never been paid.
Gen. Sedgwick's (1637) account of his collecting an expedition is so Cromwellian in
its tone that it merits republication. It is dated, "From General Sedgwick [1637]
at Charles Town, New England, this 24th September, 1654," and is as follows : —

" I know you cannot but be acquainted with our first business we were designed
unto. God did not seem to smile upon us in that business, in many of his workings
towards us. But so it fell out, even when we were ready to advance with our forces to
the southward, we had countermands as touching that business ; we, then, being in a
posture of war, and soldiers here hsted in pay, attended the other part of our commis-
sion against the French, and the fourth of July set sail for Nantiisket with 3 ships, one
Catch and about two hundred Land Soldiers of old England and New. Our first place
designed for was St. John's Fort, there we arrived the 15 Ditto, and in four days took it
in, where we found a gallant Fort, above seventy proper Soldiers, seventeen peeces of
Ordnance, besides Murtherers, Stockefowlers and other Ammunition. Having sent
away the French and settled our Garrison, we set sail for Port Riall, and five days after

1637-8] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 23

our arrival there, took in that Fort, as also a ship of France, that lay under the Fort ; In
the Fort, we found Seamen, Soldiers and Planters, about 135 fighting men. Our force
with which we landed, and lay intrenched against the Fort was but equal in number ;
there was in the Fort twenty peeces of Ordnance, above forty barrels of powder, with
other necessaries. Our work being finished there, we set sail for Penohscoiit, and took
that in, where we found a small Fort, yet very strong, and a very well composed peece with
eight peece of Ordnance one Brass, three murtherers, about eighteen Barrels of powder,
and eighteen men in garrison. I am willing to hope God intends a blessing in this affair
to the English Nation, and to the Plantations in particular. It 's a brave Countrey full
of fine Rivers, Airable Pastors, full of Timber, gallant Masts, full of Mines, Coal, Marble,
Iron, Lead, and some say. Copper. Many convenient places for fishing, making of Oyl,
and good quantities of trade for Beaver and Mous-skins."

Cromwell, who had once thought of emigrating to New England, often expressed a
tender regard for the setders there, and near the close of 1654 he undertook to carry out
a plan whereby he might mitigate their trials and hardships by providing homes for them
in a more congenial climate where there was a fertile soil. The expedition was repulsed
on the island of Hispaniola, but seized the island of Jamaica on the 17th of May, 1655.
The troops were soon reinforced by four regiments, one of which was commanded by
Gen. Sedgwick (1637), who was immediately detailed to act in the place of Edward
Winslow, deceased, as a commissioner to govern the conquered territory. In his first
report, he said that he found things " in a sad, deplorable and dejected condition," the
soldiers being " so lazy and idle as it cannot enter into the heart of any Englishman
that such blood should run in the veins of any born in England." As the original
commissioners were all dead. Gen. Sedgwick (1637), in conjunction with the principal
military officers, framed an instrument of civil government, constituting a Supreme
Executive Council, with himself at its head. Cromwell approved of what he did, and
promoted him to the rank of major-general, using every exertion to procure emigrants
from Scotland and Ireland for his colony. Gen. Sedgwick (1637) died on the 24th
of May, 1656, soon after he received his new appointment. His widow was living in
1667 at Stepney, near London. Their daughter, Sarah, was the second wife of Gov.
Leverett (1639). Gen. Sedgwick (1637) and wife, Joanna, had five children, of whom
William joined the Artillery Company in 1666, and Robert in 1674. The Book of
Possessions (City Document No. 39, p. 2), represents him as owning nine separate
pieces of property in Charlestown, containing about forty-eight acres. He was an active
citizen, devoted to the interests of the town, superintended the building of the first
fortifications in Charlestown, and was one of the most conspicuous persons of his time.

Joseph Weld (1637), of Roxbury, whose name stands third on the original
roll, was a merchant, and a brother of Rev. Thomas Weld of that place. He was
admitted a freeman in 1636 ; was a representative from Roxbury in the General Court,
1636-43; was selectman prior to 1643, and was the captain of the Roxbury Com-
pany, which in 1636 was included in the regiment of which John Winthrop was colonel
and Thomas Dudley lieutenant-colonel. He was chosen ensign of the Artillery Company

Joseph Weld (1637). Authorities: New Mr. Weld's (1637) first wife, Elizabeth, came

Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg, 1853; Drake's Hist, of with him from England. She died in October, 163S,

Roxbury; Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A. Company, and, April 20, 1639, he married Barbara, niece of

Ed. 1842; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Mem. Hist, of Boston. Edward Clap, of Dorchester.

24 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND f'^37 8

at its organization in 1638. Whitman (1810) says, that when Capt. Weld (1637) was
in London, in 1644, "the wife of La Tour having commenced an action against Capt.
Bayley, captain of the ship, which brought her from London by a six months voyage to
Boston, and recovered ^2000. damages; and the captain having also commenced an
action for his freight in which he was unsuccessful, Bayley was persuaded or advised
to attach Captain Weld [1637], who was one of the jury who tried the case, together
with Stephen Winthrop [i 641], the Governor's son, and Recorder of the Court. This
being done, they were forced to find sureties in a bond of ^4000. to answer him in
the Court of Admiralty. Bayley was finally obliged to give over this suit ; and then he
procured out of Chancery a ne exeat regnos (that they should not depart the realm)
against them ; but the cause being heard they were discharged, Captain Bayley losing
his charges and they, theirs. Weld [1637], Winthrop [1641], and Thomas Fowle
[1639], the owner of the ship, petitioned the General Court, for indemnity, but in
vain."

The homestead of Capt. Weld (1637), containing two acres of garden and orchard,
was between the Denison estate and that of Elder Heath. As a recognition of his
valuable services in behalf of the colony, he received from the town the valuable estate
in West Roxbury known recently as the " Bussey Farm," which he bequeathed to
his son. His "services" are indicated in a vote of the General Court, Oct. i, 1645 ■
" The Court thinks it meet that Mr. Peters and Mr. Weld, being sent over to negotiate
for the country, having been long absent, desire they may understand the Court's mind
that they desire their presence & speedily return."

During the four months' detention, "it being winter," of Mrs. Ann Hutchinson,
previous to her being driven into exile, for her unorthodox opinions, she was in the
custody of Capt. Weld (1637), at Roxbury.

Capt. Weld (1637) died while in command of the Roxbury train-band, Oct. 7,
1646, leaving a widow, Barbara, and an estate inventoried at ^^2,028 i is. 3;/., no
inconsiderable sum in those days. He was buried in the old burying-ground on Eustis
Street. His widow became the second of four successive wives of Anthony Stoddard,
who joined the Artillery Company in 1639.

Thomas Savage (1637), tailor, of Boston, was the fourth signer of the roll of
the Artillery Company, and he would undoubtedly have been named in the charter,
had he not been involved in the movement headed by his mother-in-law, Mrs. Ann
Hutchinson. For this, he, with other officers who were her adherents, were disarmed by
order of the General Court until they recanted.

Major Thomas Savage (1637), son of William, was born at Taunton, England, in
1606, and came to Boston in the " Planter," in April, 1635. He was admitted a freeman
in May, 1636. Having married Faith, the daughter of William and Ann Hutchinson,
in the following year, he was classed among the adherents of his mother-in-law, was
disarmed, and obliged to retire for a time into Rhode Island. On his return, he became
the first orderly sergeant of the Artillery Company, with which he was thenceforth
rominently identified. He had, by his first wife, seven children, viz. : Habijah (1665),
Thomas (1665), Hannah, Ephraim (1674), Mary, Dyonisia, and Perez. His first

Thomas Savage (1637). Authorities: Savage's Gen. Diet. ; Report of Boston Rec. Com.,
New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1847; Brklgman's 1634-1660; Savage's Winthrop; Mem. Hist, of
King's Chapel Burial-Ground; Mather's Magnalia; Boston; Hill's Hist, of Old South Church.

■^37-8] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 25

\ wife died Feb. 20, 1652, and, the 15th of the September following, he married Mary,
daughter of Rev. Zachariah SymmTspof Charlestown. By his second wife, he had
"Sarah,'T^icIiard, Samuel, Samuel 2d, Zachariah, Ebenezer (1682), John (1694), Benja-
min (1682), Arthur, Elizabeth, and Elizabeth 2d. He resided at the corner of Fleet
and North streets, and his tailor's shop was at the lower end of Cornhill, now Washing-
ton Street.

Major Savage (1637) represented Boston in the General Court in 1654-7, 1659-62,
1677, and 1678, or ten years; Hingham in 1663, and Andover in 1671, presiding as
speaker in 1659, 1660, 1671, 1677, and 1678. He was an assistant in 1680 and 1681,
and held other positions in church and state. In 1669, he was one of the founders and
members of the Third Church (Old South), and subscribed liberally towards the estab-
lishing of a free school in Boston.

It was in the military affairs of the colony that Major Savage (1637) was especially
prominent. In the war for the subjugation of King Philip, the chief of the Wampanoags,
he was commissioned as major of the Massachusetts forces under Major-Gen. Denison
(1660), whose instructions to Major Savage (1637) concluded as follows: "And in
case the Lord should discuall ye General so as to take him of the service, you shall
take charge and command of all according to the commission given him." Major
Savage (1637) had under his especial command the troops of Capt. Paige (1693) and
the foot companies of Capts. Henchman (1675), Prentice, and Moseley (1672), number-
ing in all about three hundred men. The commissary stores provided included " 2000
weight of Biskit, 40 barrels of pease in casks, 10 barrels of Pork, 10 kintalls of drye
fish, I hogshead of Rumme, 6 jars of oyle, 4 barrels of Raisins, i barrel of sugar, r hogs-
head of salt and a quarter cask of wine." Provision was also made of powder, shot,
flints, and " 50 bushels of Indian corn parched and beaten to make nocake," " with 300
small bags for each man to carry nokake." When the expedition reached the Wam-
panoag villages at Mount Hope, they were found deserted, King Philip and his warriors,
conscious of their inability to cope with the whites, having retreated into the Narra-
gansett country, when a peace was proclaimed. The troops returned to Boston and
were there disbanded. Major Savage (1637) resuming the care of his business.

King Philip was soon again on the war-path, and he persuaded the different tribes
to engage in hostilities under his direction, the Dutch supplying them with arms and
ammunition. The frontier settlements were broken up, and military skill and courage
could avail but little against the tactics of a skulking foe. In the spring of 1675-6,
Major Savage (1637) was again commissioned as commander of the Massachusetts
troops, his instructions closing with these words, " Thus committing you to God desiring
his presence with & protection over you, wee Remaine." That year King Philip was
killed in the famous " Swamp Fight," and it was estimated that during the summer
upwards of two thousand Indians were killed or taken prisoners. The colonists, during the
same time, lost twelve captains and more than six hundred men ; twelve towns were
entirely ruined, and six hundred houses were burned, nearly a tenth part of all in New
England.

Major Savage (1637), during the remainder of his long and useful life, was a promi-
nent member of the Artillery Company, in which he did duty for forty-five years, and he
lived to see it increase and flourish beyond the most sanguine expectations, when he
aided in its first establishment. He was junior or second sergeant in 1639 ; senior or
first sergeant in 1640; lieutenant in 1641 and 1645, and was captain in 1651, 1659,

sergeant in 1640; lieutenant in 1641 and 1645, and was captain in 1651, 1659

tt/VUiJi

cj:^-^^.g2g;^:^£?^;^'>^5

HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND ['637-8

ttr»

1668, 1675, and 1680, occupying that office the last time after he was seventy-three
years of age. Nor was this all. " Five [six] of Major Savage's sons," says Whitman,
" were members, and their posterity have many of them not only followed the military
example of their ancestor, but have succeeded to his military honors. The same badge
of commander, 'a leading staff' or 'pike,' which was five times graced by the hand of
Major Savage [1637], has been transferred by the Chief Magistrate of the Colony, or
Province, to a son once, to a grandson once, to another grandson three times and to a
great grandson once, in addition to the ' half pike ' he twice bore as Lieutenant, which
each" of the above-mentioned descendants "bore before he was elected as commander.
Although the standard was not entrusted to his care as ' Ensign ' yet several of his
descendants have had charge of it."

Major Savage (1637) died Feb. 15, 1681-2,1 aged seventy-five years, and was
interred in the burial-ground now adjacent to King's Chapel. His will, dated June 28,
167s, "the day he marched to the war," and proved Feb. 23, 1681-2, appointed John
Hull (1660) and Isaac Addington (1652) "overseers," and his sons, Thomas (1665),
Ephraim (1674), and Ebenezer (16S2), executors. The inventory of his estate, includ-
ing several parcels of land, amounted to ^3,447 8s. id., and his debts to Ji(iAi, ?>s. 6d.
Included in the inventory was a "Scotch Boy," valued at ^14.

An elegy was published " On the sudden and much Lamented Death and Expiration
of that Worthy, Grave, Pious, and Every way accomplished Hero, Major Thomas Savage
Esq'r."

Snow, in his History of Boston, p. 143, describes a colonial mansion, which Mr.
Whitman quotes as describing Mr. Savage's home : —

" 'We find in the principal houses a great hall, ornamented with pictures and a great
lantern, a velvet cushion in the window-seat, which looks into the garden. On either
side is a great parlor or study. These are furnished with great looking-glasses, Turkey-
carpets, window-curtains and valance, pictures and a map, a brass clock, red leather-back
chairs, and a great pair of andirons. The chambers are well supplied with feather-beds,
warming-pans, and every other article that would now be thought necessary for comfort
or display. The pantry is well filled with substantial fare and dainties, prunes, mar-
malade, and Madeira wine. Silver tankards, wine cups, and other articles of plate, are not
uncommon ; the kitchen is completely stocked with pewter, copper and iron utensils.'"

Daniel Howe (1637), of Lynn, was the fifth signer of the roll of the Artillery
Company. His name is spelled " Haugh " on some of the Company's old records,
but he had been commissioned as Daniel Howe, in 1630, as lieutenant of a train-
band at Lynn, commanded by Richard Wright, which had two iron cannon called
"sakers"; and he appears as Daniel Howe (1637), "owner of sixty acres of upland
and meadow," in the Lynn Book of Possessions. He, as Daniel Howe (1637), also
held several town offices. He was admitted a freeman in 1634, and was a representa-
tive from Lynn to the General Court in 1636 and 1637. In April, 1636, he was com-
missioned by Gov. Vane as lieutenant-commander of "the trained band in Sagus," as

Daniel Howe (1637). Authorities: Lewis's ground says — 'Died February 15, 1681-2.'" —

Hist, of Lynn; 250th Anniversary of the Settle- WhitmaiCs Hist., p. 1%.

ment of Lynn; Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A. " 1681. Feb. 15. Major Thomas Savage one

Company. of ye lay-magistrates dyed aged 76. He died Sud-

'" Major Savage's gravestone in the chapel denly. — Bradstreefsjourtial.

1637-8] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 2/

that part of Lynn where he resided was then called. May 17, 1637, he was transferred
to be second in command of the " Castle at the island," and in November following was
" enjoyned to traine the Company at Linn."

He was probably a husbandman, yet he ploughed the deep, for he was the
master of a vessel which in 1640 conveyed a colony of forty families, who found them-
selves "straightened" in Lynn, to Scout's Bay, on the western part of Long Island,
where they purchased land of Mr. James Forrett, agent of Lord Stirling, and agreed
with the Indians for their right to ownership. On receiving information of this, the
Dutch laid claim to that part of the island, on account of a previous purchase from
the Indians, and they sent men to take possession by setting up the arms of the
Prince of Orange, on a tree. The emigrants from Lynn, disregarding the claims of
the Dutch, cut down the trees and began to build. Lieut. Howe (1637) took down
the Prince's arms, and instead thereof an Indian drew a very "unhandsome" face.
This conduct highly incensed the Dutch Governor, William Kieft, whom Mr. Irving
in one of his humorous works has characterized by the appellation of "William the
Testy," but whom Mr. Hubbard calls "a discreet man." On the 13th of May, the
Governor sent Cornelius Van Ten Hoven, the secretary, the under-sheriff, a sergeant,
and twenty-five soldiers, to break up the settlement. On arrival, they found eight men
(with a woman and an infant), who had erected one cottage and were engaged in
building another. Six of the men were brought before the Governor. They were exam-
ined under oath, then put into prison, where they remained until an answer was
received to the letter written in Latin, which the Dutch Governor sent to the Governor
of Massachusetts. To this Mr. Winthrop replied, in the same language, that he would
neither maintain the Lynn people in an unjust action nor suffer them to be injured.
On the reception of this reply, the Dutch Governor liberated the men, after they had
signed an agreement to leave the place. They accordingly removed more than eighty
miles, to the eastern part of the island, where they purchased land of the Indians, and
planted a town, which, in remembrance of the place in England from which they
originally sailed, they called Southampton. Lieut. Howe (1637) subsequently moved
to New Haven, Conn., where he died.

Lieut. Howe (1637) was elected to the office of lieutenant of the Company in 1638.
Savage's edition of Winthrop gives a copy of Lieut. Howe's commission as lieutenant of
the Lynn train-band. It is probably a sample of commissions issued in those days, and
is as follows : —

" 1636, 1 6th 4th mo.

" To Lieutenant Howe, of Sagus, and to the military officers and company there :
" Whereas we have formerly given you command of the trained band in Sagus, we
do hereby require you to see them duly exercised according to the orders of the court,
and we do also require you, the military company there, that you diligently attend with
your complete arms, at such times and places as your said Lieutenant shall appoint, and
that all you, the officers and soldiers of the said company, be obedient to all such
commands as by authority of this place or order from us you shall receive from him, so
you may be well trained and fitted for such future service as you may be called unto ;
hereof not to fail.

"Henry Vane, Governor,
"Jo. Winthrop, Deputy."

28 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1637-8

Thomas Huckens, or Huckins (1637), the sixth signer of the roll of the Artillery
Compaiiy, had lived in or near Boston, but settled early at Barnstable. Thomas
Hutchins is mentioned by Hutchinson as being one of the assistants elected in England
on the 13th of May, 1628. Probably he came to America soon after. He was ensign of
the Artillery Company in 1639. Having moved to Barnstable, he married, in 1642, Mary
Wells, by whom he had several children, and among them was Mary, who married Samuel
Storrs, the progenitor of the Storrs family in America.' Mary (Wells) Huckens died
July 28, 1648, and Nov. 3 following, Mr. Huckens (1637) married Rose, widow of Hugh
Hillier, of Yarmouth. The late Rutherford B. Hayes, of Ohio, Ex-President of the
United States of America, was a descendant of Ensign Thomas Huckens (1637).

Ensign Huckens (1637) was a member of the board of selectmen, in Barnstable,
eight years ; represented that town in the Colonial Court eight years ; a grand juryman
in 165s ; was licensed to retail wine and strong water, March i, 1653, and was licensed
as an innkeeper, June r, 1663. He was appointed collector of the excise duty, June S,
1667, and collector of ministers' rates, June 7, 1670. He was elected a member of the
Council of War in Plymouth Colony, June 5, 167 1 ; was auditor of colony accounts in
1669, 1670, and 1672; and in the expedition against the Indian Fort, in what is now
Kingston, R. I., in December, 1675, he was commissary of the Plymouth Colony forces.

He was one of the number who went to England, and under the command of Col.
William Rainsburrow (1639) fought in the army and cause of Parliament. More fortu-
nate than some of his comrades, he returned to America.

He perished at sea, with his son Joseph, Nov. 29, 1679.

John Oliver (1637), the seventh signer of the original roll of the Artillery Com-
pany, son of Elder Thomas Oliver, came in the "William and Francis," March 9, 1632,
from London, and arrived at Boston, June 5 next following, being then sixteen years
of age. Thomas Oliver and family came from Bristol, England. The Elder died June i
1658, "being ninety years old."

John Oliver (1637) united with the First Church in Boston in 1633, and became a
freeman May 14, 1634. His father settled in Boston on what is now Washington Street,
opposite the head of Water Street. That was John Oliver's first home in Boston. He
married Elizabeth, daughter of John Newgate, of Boston, by whom he had five children,
only two of whom grew up. One of these, John, joined the Artillery Company in 1680.
Four sons of Elder Thomas Oliver were members of this Company ; John joined it in
1637 ; James, in 1640; Peter, in 1643, and Samuel, in 1648.

John Oliver (1637) was a member of the General Court in 1637 and 1638, — a
colleague of Capt. Keayne (1637), and consequently a member when the charter of
the Company was granted. He was junior sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1638,
and senior sergeant in 1639. His business was probably that of surveyor, as in his will
he refers to his "geometrical instruments. In 1641, "the 26th of the 5 moneth," "Our

Thomas Huckens (1637). Authorities: For his will, made 25(6) 1641, proved 11(7)

Plymouth Colony Records; Savage's Winthrop; 1647, see New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1849, p. 266.

New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1848; Notes of There was another John Oliver, either a brother

Barnstable Families, Vol. II., Barnstable, 1890. or a nephew of Elder Thomas, in Boston, afterward

John Oliver (1637). Authorities: Savage's of Newbury. It is difficult to discriminate between

Gen. Diet.; Savage's Winthrop; New Eng. Hist. them. In the Appleton Memorial, the will of John

and Gen. Reg., 1849, 1858, and 1865; Boston Rec. (1637) is assumed to be that of John Oliver, of

Com., i634-i66o; Whitman's Hist. A. and H. .\. Newbury. The latter died in Newbury in 1642.

Company, Ed. 1842. ' Genealogy of Storrs Family.

'637-S] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 29

brother John Oliver is chosen Treasurer for the Towne, and to keep the Towne's
booke." He seried as a selectman of Boston from 31st of 3d mo., 1641, to 26th of loth
mo., 1645. He determined to enter the ministry, and graduated at Harvard College
in 1645.

Early in 1640, "a motion was made by such as have farms at Rumney Marsh, that
our Brother Oliver may be sent to instruct their servants, and to be a help to them
because they cannot many times come hither, nor sometimes to Lynn, and sometimes
no where at all." — Kane's MSS., quoted Savage's Winthrop, Vol. I., p. 395.

He instructed the settlers at Rumney Marsh but two years, for he died April 12,
1646. Hull (i65o) wrote of him, "Died, April 12, 1646, Mr. John Oliver, one of chosen
parts, endued with a variety of able gifts for the generation ; but God took him away
in his youth, to the saddening of very many godl3' hearts and threatening of the rising
generation."

A malignant fever prevailed among the colonists in the spring of 1646. " It swept
away some precious ones amongst us, especially one Mr. John Oliver, a gracious young
man, not full thirty years of age, an expert soldier, an excellent surveyor of land, and one
who, for the sweetness of his disposition and usefulness through a public spirit, was
generally beloved and greatly lamented."

Elizabeth (Newgate) Oliver married, March 14, 1648-9, Edward Jackson, of Cam-
bridge. She died Sept. 30, 1709, aged ninety- two years.

Joshua Hewes (1637), or Hughes, the eighth signer of the roll of the Artillery
Company, came to America, the church records say, "a single man," about September,
1633, probably in the ship "Griffin." He settled in Roxbury on his arrival, and was
admitted a freeman March 4, 1633-4. He married (i) Oct. 8, 1634, Mary Goldstone,
of Watertown, who died Aug. 23, 1655 ; and (2) Feb. 11, 1657, Alice, widow of John
Crabtree, of Boston. He was granted two hundred and eighty-eight acres in Roxbury,
and in December, 1644, liberty was "graunted to Jasper Rawlines to make use of a
rood of upland for the making of Brickes at the Easterne end of Sargeant Hues (1637),
his Come field neere Rocksbury gate." — Boston Records, 1634 60. The "gate" was
at the old boundary between Roxbury and Boston.

Joshua Hewes (1637) was the original owner of the estate opposite Vernon Street,
where the famous Greyhound tavern stood. He was a merchant of activity and wealth,
and "held many responsible trusts both public and private." In 1641, he represented
Roxbury in the General Court ; was lieutenant of the Roxbury train-band ; was sent
with two others in March, 1648, to inquire about the complaints against Gorton's Com-
pany at Warwick, over which Massachusetts wished to have jurisdiction, and he was
engaged in the settlement of Wickford, whither he removed in 1662. He returned to
Boston in May of the year next following, and died Jan. 25, 1675-6, aged sixty-six
years. He was senior sergeant and assistant clerk in the Artillery Company in 1638;
first sergeant in 1653, and ensign in 1654.

Joshua Hewes (1637). Authorities: Drake's being the daughter of Gouldstone came the

Hist, of Roxliury; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Report next summer cV aboade at Watertowne, where she

of Boston Rec. Com., 1634-1660; Whitman's Hist. was adjoyned to the church: & in the S'l' month

A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1842. 1634 he married her, and she was then recom-

" Joshua Hues came into the Land a single mended to our church. . ." — Re~j. John Eliol, iit

man; about the 7'h month of the year 1633, & joyned Roxbury Church Records, printed in I'ol. Vf.,

to the church about halfe a yeare after, his wife Reports 0/ Boston Rec. Com.

30 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1637-8

Mr. Drake, in his History of Roxbury, p. 162, says, "Quite recently an old grave-
stone was dug up by workmen excavating for the post-office extension in Post-Office
Square, upon which was this inscription : ' Here lyeth y"" Body of Joshua Hewes aged 66
years. Departed this Life y'= 25 day of January 1675.'"

Samuel Cole (1637), the ninth signer of the roll of the Artillery Company,
immigrated to New England with Winthrop in 1630, and was made a freeman in
October of that year. In March, 1633-4, he opened the first "ordinary," or inn, in
Boston, on the west side of what is now Merchants Row, midway between State Street
and Faneuil Hall. Miantonomah, the Indian chief, was entertained there by Gov.
Vane in 1636, and among the guests of the following year was Lord Ley, Earl of
Marlborough, who declined the proffered hospitality of Gov. Winthrop, saying, "that
he came not to be troublesome to any, and the house where he was, was so well
governed that he could be as private there as elsewhere." Longfellow, in his John
Endicott, makes Samuel Cole (1637) say: —

" But the Three Mariners is an orderly house
Most orderly, quiet and respectable.

And have I not
King Charles' Twelve Golden Rules, all framed and glazed,
Hanging in my best parlor? "

"Samuell Cole and his wife Anne (dead since) " are recorded Aug. 27, 1630, as
members of the First Church in Boston. He was a selectman of Boston from 1653 to
1657 inclusive. "13 of 10" 1652, "Mr. Samll Cole" with two others, "wear Chosen
for to receive the severall Sums of mony which any in this Towne will underwrit
towards the mayntinance of the president and fellowes or pore Scollers of Hervert
Colledge.'"!

He brought a wife, Anne, from England, but she soon died. How many children
they had is uncertain. His second wife was widow Margaret Green. In a deed made
by Samuel Cole, Oct. 26, 1653, there is no wife's signature, but in another, dated Dec.
25, 1658, his wife, Margaret Cole, makes her mark, " M." His second wife having died,
he married, Oct. 16, 1660, Ann, the widow of Capt. Robert Keayne (1637). His will,
dated Dec. 21, 1666, was proved Feb. 13, 1667.

He was a special assessor in 1634, was one of those disarmed by order of the Gen-
eral Court in November, 1637, and must have been one of those who recanted. He
was also one of the " richer inhabitants " who contributed to the maintenance of a free
schoolmaster, Aug. 12, 1636.

In the list of freemen, he has the prefix " Mr." ; we may therefore infer he was a
highly respectable man. He is the first member of the Company who appears without
a military title prefixed.

Samuel Cole(i637). Authorities: Report mon eniexi&inmenV — Winthrop' s Hislory of New

of Boston Rec. Com., 1634-1660; New Eng. England, Vol. /., /. 125.

Hist, and Gen. Reg., i86i(will); Whitman's In May, 1638, Samuel Cole (1637) and Robert

Hist. A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1S42; Sav- Long (1639) were fined by the General Court " 20s

age's Gen. Diet.; Drake's Landmarks of Bos- each for selling beer at 2d a quart." — Colony Rec.
'°"- ' Second Report of Boston Rec. Com.,

" Samuel Cole set up the first house for com- p. 113.

1637-8] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 3 1

Israel Stoughton (1637), the tenth signer of the original roll, was one of the first
English emigrants who settled the town of Dorchester, where he was admitted a freeman
in 1633. He was one of the representatives from Dorchester to the General Court in
1634 and 1636, and was an assistant from 1637 to 1644 inclusive, serving as the latter
when the charter of the Artillery Company was granted. He was the first captain
of the Dorchester train-band in 1636, and in 1637 was selected by lot as the leader of an
expedition sent by Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, against the Pequot
Indians. Before his arrival, Capts. Mason and Underbill (1637) had carried one of
the Pequot strongholds by storm, slaughtering nearly all the inmates. The survivors were
sent into the West Indies to be sold into slavery, or experienced a similar fate in Boston.
He resigned his office of captain May 13, 1640, and in October of the following year
was chosen sergeant-major of Col. Winthrop's regiment. He resigned this place Oct.
17, 1643.

Edward Everett said, in his oration in Dorchester, July 4, 1855, that Col. Israel
Stoughton (1637) was "a citizen of energy and public spirit. Unlike modern legislators,
who, without distinction of party, are accused of looking out for the loaves and fishes for
themselves, worthy Col. Stoughton provided them for others. He built the first tide-
mill for grinding corn, and established the first weir for taking fish in the colony." Israel
Stoughton (1637) had liberty granted "to build a mill, wear and bridge over Naponsett
River and is to sell alewives he takes there at five shillings the thousand." — Col. Rcc,
/., 114.

He was elected captain of the Artillery Company in 1642, and in 1644 he went to
England, ostensibly "about his private occasions," but he was commissioned soon after
his arrival as lieutenant-colonel in Rainsburrow's Parliamentary regiment. He died at
Lincoln, in England, in 1645, having made a will in London, July 17, 1644, which was
proved in Boston in 1646, by which he gave three hundred acres of land to Harvard
College.

" Col. Stoughton was among the leading and influential men in the early period of
the colony. He gave great offence to the Court, in 1634, by the publication of a
book wherein he affirmed the power of the Governor to be but ministerial, and other-
wise opposed and slighted the power of the magistrates. He was called to account
for the offence, and although he had the modesty to confess his fault, and desired that
the book might be burned, he was disabled for three years from bearing any public
office." — Farmer. His disability was overlooked or removed, for in December, 1636, he
was again deputy, and was chosen assistant the following spring. In his will, he names
his sons: Israel (1645), the eldest; William (Har. Coll., 1650), who presided as chief
justice at the trials of the witches, and John. There were several daughters — names
not mentioned.

John Underhill (1637), the eleventh signer of the original roll of the Artillery
Company, was an Englishman who had seen service in the Netherlands and had been
brought over by Winthrop, in 1630, "to train the people in military discipline." He

Israel Stoughton (1637). Authorities: A letter of Col. Stoughton 's (1637), in regard

NewEng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1853-1S7S; Mather's to the Pequot difficulty, is given in Winthrop's His-

Magnalia, Yol. IL; Winthrop's Mist, of New Eng., tory, Savage's Ed., Vol. I., pp. 479-481, written at

\'ol. L; Hist, of Dorchester, by Antiq. and Hist. Pequid "2d day of the 61I1 week of our warfare,"

Soc.; Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A. Company. probably Aug. 14, 1637.

HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND ['637-8

was a member of the First Church in Boston, and was admitted a freeman May 18,
1631. His wife Helena joined the church Dec. 15, 1633. He was one of the select-
men of Boston in 1634, and the same year a member of the General Court. In 1636
he organized the Boston train-band, which he exercised every Tuesday afternoon, on the
Common or in connection with the Roxbury train-band, on a training-field which was
the eastern portion of the triangle bounded by what are now Washington, Eustis, and
Dudley streets. Capt. Underbill never held any office in the Artillery Company, prob-
ably because he was principally engaged in Indian wars or on account of his religious
and irreligious troubles. He was a typical trooper, fond of a glass of spirits, a pipe of
tobacco, and the society of the gentler sex, and although he was a member of the First
Church, he was a sad reprobate, only tolerated because of his military experience.

Capt. Underbill (1637) was one of the sympathizers with the doctrine of Mrs.
Hutchinson, and, being banished from Boston, he took refuge in Dover, N. H. There
he obtained the appointment of Governor.' He soon became involved in a religious
controversy and returned to Boston, where, while making a confession of his manifold
sins, he was made " to sit on the stool of repentance in the church, with a white cap
on his head." This scene of humiliation occurred on the 3d of August, 1640, when,
we are told, " he came again to Boston, and on a lecture day, after the sermon, in
presence of the congregation, standing upon a form, in his worst clothes, without a
band, a foul linen cap pulled close to his eyes," he, who was so fond of " bravery of
apparel," with deep sighs and abundance of tears, laid open his wicked course, his
adultery, his hypocrisy, his persecution of God's people, and especially "his pride
and contempt of the magistrates." He justified all the punishments imposed upon
him, and dwelt with great pathos on the terrors of excommunication ; how
he had lost all his pretended assurance, being delivered over to the buffetings of
Satan, and the horrors of despair. " He spoke well," says Winthrop, an eye-witness of
the scene, " save that his blubberings interrupted him, and all along discovered a
broken and contrite heart." ^

Capt. Underbill (1637), after his restoration to church communion and the
removal of the penalty of banishment, removed to Stamford, Conn., where he was
appointed an assistant justice, and was a delegate from that town to the General Court
which met at New Haven in 1643.

On the breaking out of the war between the Indians and the New Netherlands,
Capt. Underbill (1637), whose former residence in Holland had made him familiar with
the Dutch language, was appointed to command a military force, which distinguished
itself by its bravery and by its barbarities, reviving at Greenwich, in February, 1644,
the horrors of the Pequot massacre.

Capt. Underbill (1637) next removed to Flushing, on Long Island, where, in
1653, he had some agency in detecting and exposing the intrigues of the Dutch

John Underhill (1637). AuxnoRrriES: Sav- 1 In 1638, Capt. Underbill (1637) succeeded

age's Edition ol Winthrop's Hist, of New Eng.; Burdett as "governor" at Dover, who in turn was

Savage's Gen. Diet.; New Eng. Hist, and Gen. succeeded by Thomas Roberts, the emigrant, of

Reg., 1892; Mem. Hist, of Boston; Whitman's Dover, the ancestor of the Roberts family in New

Hist. A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1842; Wood England.

Sketch of Long Island. 2 The particulars of Capt. Underbill's offences.

He wrote a " Short Story " of his services in the trial, etc., are given in Winthrop's History; in

Pequot W'ar, entitled " News from America," which Farmer's Belknap, p. 23, ei sei]., and a long extract

was printed in London in 1638 and reprinted in therefrom is given in Whitman's Hist. A? and H

3 Mass. Hist. Coll. VI. A. Company, Ed. 1842, p. 47, et seq.

1637-S] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 33

treasurer. In 1665, he was a delegate from the town of Oyster Bay to the Assembly,
holden at Hampstead by Gov. Nicholls, who appointed Underbill (1637) under-
sheriff of the North Riding of Yorkshire, or Queen's County. " In 1667, Matinenoc
Indians gave him one hundred and fifty acres of land, which have remained in the
family ever since and are now in possession of one of his descendants that bears his
name." Capt. Underbill is supposed to have died at Oyster Bay, in the year 1672.

Nathaniel Turner (1637), the twelfth signer of the original muster-roll of the
Artillery Company, lived on Nabant Street, Lynn, and owned the whole of the Sagamore
Hill. He applied to be admitted a freeman, Oct. 19, 1630, but did not take the oath
until July 3, 1632. He was a representative from Lynn in the first seven sessions of
the General Court ; was a member of the first County Court at Salem, in 1636, and was
appointed, in 1633, captain of the Saugus train-band, which he commanded during the
Pequot War in 1636-7. His house took fire from a defective oven-flue, on the night of
Jan. 10, 1636, and, with its contents, was destroyed.'

In 1638, Capt. Turner (1637) sold his land on Sagamore Hill to Mr. Edward
Holyoke, and removed, with other Massachusetts Bay families, to Quinnipiac, in Con-
necticut, where the settlement of New Haven was founded. He was one of the seven
members who organized the first church there, and he was appointed in 1639, in
connection with Rev. Mr. Davenport and four others, to "have the disposing of all house
lotts, yet undisposed of about this towne, to such persons as they shall judge meete for
the good of the plantation; and that none come to dwell as planters here without their
consent and allowance, whether they come in by purchase or otherwise."

In 1640, Capt. Turner (1637), as agent for New Haven, made a large purchase of
land on both sides of the Delaware River, sufficient for a number of plantations. The
purchase was made chiefly with a view to trade, though the establishment of Puritan
churches was also an end much desired. Trading houses were erected, and nearly fifty
families were sent out. In all fundamental matters, the Delaware colonies were to be
under the jurisdiction of New Haven. In the same year, he made the purchase for the
town, from the Indian Sagamore, Bonus, of the tract of land which is now the town of
Stamford. He gave for the whole, " twelve coats, twelve hoes, twelve hatchets, twelve
knives, two kettles and four fathom of white wampum." In a sale to the people of
Wethersfield, a short time after, the tract was valued at thirty pounds sterling.

Neither the land speculations at New Haven nor the trade upon the Delaware were
successful, and the Dutch at New Netherlands menaced the Connecticut colony.
Hoping to retrieve their fortunes by foreign trade, the colonists sent to Rhode Island,
and had a ship built, which, when completed, they freighted and placed under the
command of Capt. Lamberton. Capt. Turner (1637), with five other citizens, sailed
for England in this vessel in January, 1647, and she- was never heard of afterward.
Gov. Winthrop informed us that, in June, 1648, the apparition of a ship was seen under
full sail moving up the harbor of New Haven, a little before sunset, on a pleasant

Nathaniel Turner (1637). Authorities: 'ii mo. 10, 1636, "Capt. Turner's house in

Harper's New Monthly Magazine, 1S85, p. 777; Sagus took fire by an oven aljout midnight and

Savage's Gen. Diet ; Savage's \Vinthrop; Lewis's was burned down, with all that was in it, save the

Hist, of Lynn; 250th Anniversary of the Settlement persons." — Savage's Winthrop, Vol, /., p. 254.
of Lynn; Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A. Company,
Ed. 1842.

^4 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND ["637-S

afternoon, and, as it approached the shore, it slowly vanished. This was thought to
have a reference to the fate of Capt. Lamberton's ship. The following epitaph was
written in memory of Capt. Turner (1637) : —

" Deep in Atlantic cave his body sleeps,
While the dark sea its ceaseless motion keeps,
While phantom ships are wrecked along the shore,
To warn his friends that he will come no more !
But He, who governs all with impulse free,
Can bring from Bashan and the deepest sea.
And when He calls our Turner must return,
Though now his ashes fill no sacred urn."

William Jennison (1637), of Watertown, was the thirteenth signer of the original
roll of the Artillery Company. He had been a resident of Bermuda. He was admitted
a freeman May 18, 1631, and was one of the first planters who located under Sir
Richard Saltonstall at Watertown, a frontier settlement, whose train-band was placed
by the General Court under the command of Capt. Patrick, who had served in the
Netherlands in the Prince of Orange's guard, and received a salary for drilling the
company weekly. The captain, not being able to accommodate himself to the strict
manners of the Puritan school, soon removed from its strict discipline to Greenwich,
Conn., where he had an altercation with a Dutchman, who drew a pistol and shot the
captain dead on the spot. William Jennison (1637) was, in 1631, appointed ensign in
Capt. Patrick's company, and on the return of the former from an expedition against
the Pequot Indians, in 1636, to avenge the murder of a settler named Oldham, he was
appointed captain.' He was selectman, 1635 to 1642, and 1644; representative to the
General Court, 1634 to 1642, and 1645, and therefore was a deputy, a colleague of
Capt. Keayne (1637) when the charter of the Artillery Company was granted. He was
dismissed from the General Court, Oct. 2, 1645, "being to goe for Virginia."

Capt. Jennison (1637) was probably at heart loyal to the King, during the Civil
War. At the meeting of the court, held in July, 1644, "Capt Jenyson, Captain
of the military company in Watertown, an able man, who had been there from the
first settling of that town, having a year before, (being then a Deputy) in private
conference, questioned the lawfulness of the Parliament's proceeding in England, was
sent for by the Deputies, and examined about it, and afterward before the magistrates.
He ingenuously confessed his scruple, but took offence, that being a church member,
and in public office, he should be openly produced merely for matter of judgment, not
having been first dealt \vith in private, either in a church way or by some of the
magistrates, which seemed to some of the Court to have been a failing. The Court was
unwilling to turn him out of place, having been a very useful man, &c., yet not seeing

William Jennison (1637). Authorities: murdered him in a most barbarous manner.' In

Savage's Edition of Winthrop's Hist, of New Eng.; .\ugust following, ninety men were sent off to find

Savage's Gen. Diet.; Bond's Watertown; Hist. A. and punish the savages. One of the commanders

and H. A. Company, by Whitman. was William Jennison. He acquired glory enough

"Oct. 17, 1633, Ensign Jennison went as pilot from that campaign to be made a captain, the next

in the 'Thunder' to Bermuda, and returned June month of March." — Hist, of Middlesex Co., by D.

I, \bl\:' — Savage' s Witithrop. Hamilton Htird, Vol. ///., /. 3S0.

' John Oldham, of Watertown, "' became a dis- In the testimony concerning the will of John

tinguished trader among the Indians, and in 1636 Loveran, the justice's name is spelled both ways

was sent to traffic with them at Block Island. The William Jennings and William Jennison. — See

Indians got possession of Oldham's vessel, and N. E. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1849, /• 79-

»637-8] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 35

how he might be trusted, being of that judgment, yet professing that he was assured that
those of the Parliament side were the more godly and honest part of the kingdom, and
that though, if he were in England, he should be doubtful whether he might take their
part against their prince, yet, if the King or any party from him should attempt any
thing against this Commonwealth, he should make no scruple to spend estate and life
and all in our defence against them ; he was dismissed to further consideration ; and
the Court being broken up, he came soon after to some of the magistrates, and told
them that this questioning in the Court had occasioned him to search further into the
point, and he was now satisfied that the Parliament's cause was good, and if he were in
England he would assist in defence of it."

In 1645, Capt. Jennison (1637) sold his fifty-acre homestead, in Watertown, on the
north side of Mount Auburn Street, between Common and School streets, to Rev. John
Knowles, and in 1651 returned to England. Robert Jennison, brother of William (1637),
acting as attorney for the latter, conveyed, in 1657, " estate of William Jennison," of
Colchester, Essex Co., England. J-JL4/24-f»'1

Richard Morris (1637), of Roxbury, whose name was the fourteenth on the original
roll of the Artillery Company, is supposed to have been baptized in Waltham Holy
Cross Abbey in England, on the Sth of December, 1595, and to have served in the
English army in the Low Countries. He came over in the company of Gov. Winthrop,
and took the oath of a freeman May 18, 1631. "Richard Maurice [1637] and his wife
Leonora" were recorded as members of the First Church, Aug. 27, 1630. He was
representative from Roxbury to the General Court in 1634 and 1635. Richard Morris
(1637) was appointed ensign in the Boston train-band, commanded by Capt. Underhill
(1637), March 4, 1632. Winthrop states that, in November of the same year, Morris,
" taking some distaste to his office, requested the magistrates that he might be dis-
charged of it, and so was, whereby he gave offence to the congregation of Boston, so as,
being questioned and convinced of sin in forsaking his calling, he did acknowledge his
fault, and, at the request of the people, was by the magistrates chosen Lieutenant to the
same Company, for he was a very stout man and an experienced soldier."

In March, 1635, he became lieutenant-commander of the fort which had been
erected on Castle Island, for the seaward defence of Boston, succeeding Capts.
Nicolas Simpkins (1650) and Edward Gibbons (1638). It was agreed, however, that he
should " receive ten pounds a year from Roxbury as long as he lay at the Castle and
did service to the town of Roxbury " ; he therefore continued to drill the train-band of
that town.

About two months after Lieut. Morris (1637) took command of the Castle, an
incident occurred which troubled the Massachusetts authorities as much as the cutting
of the cross from the King's colors by Endicott. "The ship 'St. Patrick,'" writes Mr.
J. F. Morris, of Hartford, Conn., a descendant of Lieut. Morris, " came into Boston
harbor, flying the King's colors. Lieut. Morris, who presumably reasoned that if it
was unlawful to use the cross in ensigns on land, it could not be lawful on the water,
brought the ' St. Patrick ' to, and made her strike her colors. Capt. Palmer, her master,
complained to the authorities of the act of the commander of the Castle as a flagrant

Richard Morris (1637). Authorities: Sav- Whitman's Hist. A. and A. Company, Ed. 1S42;
age's Edition of Winthrop's Hist, of New Eng. ; Records of Rhode Island. ■
Drake's Hist, of Roxbury; Savage's Gen. Diet.;

^6 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1637-S

insult to his flag and country. The ' St. Patrick ' belonged to Sir Thomas Wentworth,
Earl of Strafford, Lord Deputy of Ireland, once an advocate of the liberal cause, but
which he had deserted, becoming a companion of Archbishop Laud and a strong
supporter of the absolutism of King Charles. Arbitrary and despotic as he was known
to be, policy dictated the necessity of avoiding the enmity of one so high in influence
with the King, and the complying with any demand which Capt. Palmer might make
as amends for the alleged insult to his flag and country. Lieut. Morris [1637] was
summoned before the magistrates, and in the presence of Capt. Palmer was told that
he had no authority to do as he had done (as the fort showed no flag), and was
ordered to make such atonement as Capt. Palmer should demand. The captain was
lenient, and only required of the lieutenant an acknowledgment of the error on his
ship, ' that so all the ship's company might receive satisfaction, and lest Lord Deputy
Wentworth should be informed that we had offered discourtesy to his ship which we
had never offered to any before.' Lieut. Morris [1637] submitted to this demand and
all parties became quieted.

" In about a fortnight after this event, the ship ' Hector,' Capt. Feme, arrived in
Boston. Some Boston people went on board. The mate of the ship, one Miller,
who probably had heard of the event just related, not seeing the King's colors
hoisted at the fort, denounced all the people as rebels and traitors. Henry Vane had
just been elected governor. He sent for the captain of the ship and informed him of
the matter. The captain promised to deliver the mate to the authorities. The
marshal and four sergeants were sent to the ship for him, but the captain not being
on board the crew would not deliver him up. The captain himself then went and
brought the mate to the Court, where his language was proved by two witnesses, and
he was committed. The matter so excited the crew of the ship that the captain, in
order to pacify them, requested the release of the mate and promised to bring him
before the Court again. The next day his request was granted and at the appointed
time the mate was produced in court. Then in the presence of the captains of all the
ships in the harbor, the mate acknowledged his offence and signed a paper to that
effect, and was discharged. These occurrences troubled the authorities lest reports
should be carried to England that they had rebelled, and that the contempt shown to
the King's colors was positive proof of the charge. In order to counteract such
representations. Gov. Vane called together the fifteen captains and asked them to
frankly state their feelings and opinions in regard to the matter, and if they were
offended, to state what satisfaction they required. They answered that if, on their return
to England they should be enquired of as to what colors they saw here, they should
state the facts, and that they should like to see the King's colors flying at the fort.

"Gov. Vane was scarcely twenty-three years of age when he arrived in this
country. He early became popular, and before he had been a year in the Colony was
chosen governor. His father at this time was comptroller of the King's household and
possessed power and influence. At the time of his election there were fifteen large
English ships in Boston Harbor, which joined in the congratulations of the people by
firing salutes. New regulations for the shipping were necessary, and the governor had
been conferred with as to their necessity and the way to bring them about. The gov-
ernor, though young in years, was old in the art of diplomacy. He had accompanied
his father on missions to foreign courts, and become an adept in managing men. He
invited the captains to dine with him, and, at the table, skilfully obtained their com-

'637-^] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 37

pliance with the needed regulations. This was only a few days before the affair of the
mate of the ' Hector.' When the governor called the captains together for the purpose
of getting their views in regard to the colors, their memories of the dinner had not yet
passed away and they were still in an amiable mood and were disposed to allow the
matter to pass off as smoothly as possible. When they advised that the King's colors
should be hoisted at the Castle, they were told that the authorities had no King's colors.
Two of the captains then agreed to present them to the fort. The authorities, unwilling
to give up their prejudices, yet seeing the necessity of compliance, replied, that for their
part they were fully persuaded that the cross in the ensign was idolatrous, and for that
reason, they might not use it in their ensign, but as the fort was the King's, and main-
tained in his name, his own colors might be spread there. The governor accepted the
colors from Capt. Palmer of the ' St. Patrick ' and promised that they should be set up
at Castle Island.

"A conference had been held the day before the meeting with the captains, in
which the point of difference had been discussed. The standing council, consisting of
the governor, Mr. Dudley, and Mr. Winthrop, was present and also Mr. Cotton. The
governor, Mr Cotton and Mr. Dudley expressed the opinion that the colors might be
used on the fort. Mr. Winthrop and others did not concur in the distinction. Mr.
Winthrop, in his account of the matter, says, 'The governor and Mr. Dudley being two
of the council, being persuaded of the lawful use of the colors, might use their authority
to set them up. Yet others not being so persuaded and being doubtful, could not join
in the act; yet would not oppose it.' On the i6th of June, Gov. Vane, with Mr.
Dudley's consent, gave orders to Lieut. Morris [1637] to hoist the King's colors on
Castle Island, when the ships passed by, doubtless the same colors which he ordered
to be struck when the 'St. Patrick' entered the harbor.

" The reason given for allowing the flag to fly on the Castle — that ' the fort was the
King's, and maintained in his name,' was singular in view of the fact that its erection
was ordered by the Court for the express purpose of defence against the King's measures
which they feared. In March, 1637, Winthrop states 'the Castle Island being found to
be very changeable to maintain the garrison there, and of little use, but only to have
command of ships which would come hither with passengers, etc., there was a committee
appointed to dispose of the ammunition there.' This shows that the colony continued
to manage the affairs of the fort without reference to the King."

When that gifted and strong-minded woman, Mrs. Hutchinson, appeared on the
stage of Massachusetts politics and shook the young colony to its base, Lieut. Morris
(1637) favored her principles and cause, and signed the famous petition. The
consequence was that he, with his associates in belief, was publicly disarmed on the 20th
of November, 1637 ; but he recanted and was permitted to become one of the founders
of the Artillery Company. On the 6th of September, 1638, "he had leave to depart"
the Colony Records say, " (having offended in subscribing the petition of remon-
strance), being advised to forbear meddling with our people in the matters of opinion,
lest he be further dealt with, and was advised not to sit down within our limits, and was
wished to warn the rest not to sit down within our limits."

Lieut Morris (1637), thus gently expelled from the colonial limits, retreated in
June, 1639, to Exeter, N. H., where he joined Mr. Wheelwright, Mrs. Hutchinson's
brother, and on the 4th of October, 1639, he signed what is known as the Exeter
compact. In the division of the land, he received thirty-three acres, the largest

HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1637-8

quantity any of the company received, except Mr. Wheelwright ; but his stay in Exeter
was short,' for, in 1641, he went to Rhode Island and was admitted a freeman at
Aquiday, afterward Aquidneck.

In 1642, Lieut. Morris (1637) was chosen captain of the train-band at Portsmouth,
R. I. Although he had been banished from Massachusetts, the authorities of this
colony appear to have had confidence in him, because when the Aquidneck people sent
to Boston for a barrel of powder, they were told they could have it " provided Lieut.
Morris [1637] gave caution that it should be used for the defence of the island
by advice of the Governor and Deputies."

In 1659, Lieut. Morris (1637) removed from Portsmouth, across the river to
Pocasset, in Plymouth Colony, the General Court of that colony having granted him a
neck of land called Nunnaquaquatt, upon condition that he should submit himself to
that colony, and be ready to do such duty as would be required of him as an inhabitant,
and that " he should have no contention with the Indians and resign to the Court all
other lands which he has purchased or lodged claims to, and shall have no interest in
any other land." His stay in Plymouth Colony was very brief, for the next year he was
back at Portsmouth again, and in October of the same year was chosen commissioner
to the General Court for Portsmouth.

July 2, 1647, the General Court met at Newport, and it was voted, " Whereas
Captain Richard Morris presented a petition to this court of the great charges he hath
been at in house, rooms and findings of ffyre and candles for the Gen. Court for many
years past, and finding that for about four or five years he hath had no satisfaction,
being to the end of this present Court doe order, that he shall have Tenn pounds paid
him of the Gen. Treasury." It seems from the above that when the court assembled
in Portsmouth it met at Lieut. Morris's (1637) house. He probably moved to Newport,
for the record of the General Court states: "June, 1672. The Gen. Court met at
Captain Morris [1637] house in Newport."

Edward Gibbons (1637), whose name was the fifteenth on the original roll of the
Artillery Company, was one of the youngest members of the immigration in 1630, and
he first settled in Charlestown. It was not long, however, before he found his way to
Mount Wollaston, now Quincy, which a London lawyer, named Morton, had called
Merry Mount. The latter set up there a May-pole, on which occasion he broached a
cask of wine and a hogshead of ale, and held a high revel. Scottow tells us that young
Gibbons was not vicious, although he had but little taste for the Puritan austerities. He
had heard much about the formation of the church at Salem, and attended its service.
On this occasion, the historian continues, " The testimony which the Lord of all the earth
bore unto it was sufficiently memorable, by a saving work upon a young gentleman of
quality, who afterwards was the chieftain and flower of the New England Militia, and
an eminent instrument both in church and commonwealth." Mather says, "He was a

Edward Gibbons (1637). Authorities: Sav- 1654. "Another such like Providence befell

age's Winthrop; Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A. us this year, upon the g* of December, at two
Company, Ed. 1842; Mather's Magnalia; Sav- o'clocli in the morning, — the death of Major-
age's Gen. Diet.; Report of Boston Rec. Com., Gen Edward Gibbons; a man of an excellent
1634-1660; Drake's Hist, of Boston; Mem. Hist. spirit for the public good and the crown of the
of Boston; New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1854, military affairs in this Commonwealth." — John
for inventory of his estate; Johnson's Wonder-Work- Hull's Diary.
ing Providence; Suffolk Deeds, Lib. I., p. 7; Mel-
rose, Mass., Reporter, May 23, 1S90.

1637-8] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 39

very gay young gentleman," but nevertheless he was so affected by the ordination
services of Rev. Messrs. Higginson and Shelton that he wished then and there to unite
with the Salem church. Mr. Higginson and his colleague, "who were well pleased with
the relation which he gave [of] himself, advised that he should defer his wish for a
time." He afterwards located himself in Boston, where he was admitted a member
of the First Church, and engaged in mercantile pursuits with great success. He was
admitted a freeman, Oct. 19, 1631, and served the town in various ofifices, becoming
very popular. He was made lieutenant of the train-band in Boston, when it was
organized in 1636, and succeeded Capt. Underbill (1637) as its commander. His
dwelling-house and stores were on the corner of the present Washington Street and
Adams Square. He was one of the most enterprising merchants of his day in Boston,
trading in furs with the French posts in Acadia. It is also noticeable that he was never
implicated in the heated controversies and angry schism of his time, thus securing
public favor and escaping popular censure. He was the predecessor of Richard Morris
(1637) in command at Castle Island; was selectman of Boston from 1639 to 1647 ; a
deputy to the General Court, 1634, 1636, from 1638 to 1645 inclusive, and 1647, and an
assistant from May, 1650, until his death in 1654.

In 1636, Capt. Gibbons (1637) and John Higginson were sent as ambassadors to
treat with Canonicus that justice might be done to those who were guilty of the murder
of Oldham. The ambassadors were received and treated with great pomp and state.
" They arriving, were entertained royally, with respect to the Indian manner. Boiled
chestnuts is their white bread, and because they would be extraordinary in their
feasting they strove for variety, after the English manner, — boiled puddings made of
beaten corn, putting therein great store of blackberries, somewhat like currants. They
having thus nobly feasted them, afterwards gave them audience in a State House,
round, about fifty feet wide, made of long poles stuck in the ground, like your summer
houses in England, and covered round about and on the top with mats, &c." In
November, 1639, the General Court ordered "that Capt. Gibons should trayne the band
at Waymoth," and in 1646 "at Hingham."

In 1643, Capt. Gibbons (1637) was one of the committee appointed on behalf
of Massachusetts, to receive and treat with the commissioners from the colonies of
Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven. This convention of commissioners was
composed of the leading men of the several colonies, whose consultations resulted in the
formation of the Articles of Confederation or Congress of New England, which met
annually for years and conduced essentially to the union, peace, and prosperity of these
infant States.

When the Massachusetts Militia was first organized in 1644, Capt. Gibbons (1637)
was made sergeant-major, or commander, of the Suffolk County regiment, and in July,
164s, he was placed in command of the joint colonial expedition against the Narra-
gansets.

In 1649, he succeeded John Endicott as sergeant-major-general, or commander-
in-chief, and held the office for three years. Speaking of his election as sergeant-
major, Johnson observes : " The first chosen to the office was Major Gibbons, a man
of resolute spirit, bold as a lion, being wholly tutored up in New England disci-
pline, very generous and forward to promote all military matters ; his forts are well
contrived and batteries strong and in good repair, &c. His great artillery well mounted
and cleanly kept, and his own Company are very complete in arms and many of them

40 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND ["637-8

disciplined in the Military Garden [meaning the Military Company of the Massachusetts,
which was thus called after the parent organization in London] besides their ordinary
trainings." In 1641, he was "appointed to see the laying of the ordnance in Boston,
that they might not be spoiled." Gen. Gibbons (1637) had undoubtedly received a
military education in England, or such veterans as Standish, Atherton, Leverett, Mason,
and Seely would never have served under him in subordinate capacities. He was one
of Keayne's (1637) associates informing the Artillery Company, and was its commander
in 1639, 1641, 1646, and 1654. One of his grandsons, Lieut. William Gibbons, was
admitted a member of the Artillery Company in 1691, and one of his great-grandsons,
Mr. John Gibbons, was admitted in 1 7 1 1 . Whitman adds, " Col. Daniel L. Gibbons
[1810] was undoubtedly a descendant."

Gen. Gibbons (1637), having been unsuccessful in his business ventures, losing
large sums by the Chevalier La Tour, of Acadia, received from Lord Baltimore, whose
brother, Mr. Calvert, was Governor of Maryland, " a commission offering him land in
Maryland to any of ours that would transport themselves thither, with free liberty of
religion, and all other privileges which the place afforded, paying such annual rent as
shall be agreed upon." The offer was not accepted, nor did he remove thither.

Four years after the formation of the New England Confederacy, Gov. Winthrop
wrote to the Governor of Canada, proposing free trade between the colonies. In 1650,
Gabriel Druilletes, one of the Jesuit fathers, was sent to New England to negotiate upon
the subject. In his narrative of his visit, he speaks of the hospitable entertainment of
Gov. Endicott, at Salem ; of Gov. Bradford, at Plymouth, and of his spending the
night with Rev. John Eliot, at Roxbury. He also says that in Boston he was the guest
of Major-Gen. Gibbons (1637), who "gave me the key of a room in his house, where I
might in all liberty pray and perform the exercises of my religion, and he besought me
to take no other lodgings while I remained at Boston."

Gen. Gibbons died in Boston, on the 9th of December, 1654, while commander of
the Artillery Company. His will was proved in January, 1654-5, at Boston.

William Spencer (1637), the fourth person named in the charter, and the sixteenth
on the original roll, resided in Cambridge, at the northeast corner of Mount Auburn Street
and Brattle Square, where he was a merchant. He was admitted freeman March 4,
1632-3; was selectman in 1635, and a representative to the General Court from
Cambridge, then called "Newtown," from 1634 to 163 7. inclusive. He was one of the
committee to frame a code of laws, and was lieutenant of the first train-band in Cam-
bridge, commanded by Capt. George Cooke (1638), in 1636. He was doubtless then
advanced in years. In 1639, he moved to Hartford, where he was selectman, deputy,
and one of a committee to revise the laws of the colony, and died there in 1640. The
fact that his name was associated with those of Keayne, Duncan, and Sedgwick, proves
that he must have been a man of note in the colony. "Thus it appears," says Whitman,
after having given sketches of the before-mentioned four charter members, " that the
charter was given to four persons, one in each of the principal towns in the county with
their associates, and may serve to correct a mistaken idea prevalent, that the Military
Company of the Massachusetts, in its origin or progress, has been confined to Boston."

William Spencer (1637). Authorities: Paige's Hist, of Cambridge ; Whitman's Hist. A. and
H. A. Company Ed. 1842.

1637-8] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 4I

Robert Harding (1637), the seventeenth signer of the original roll, came over
from England in 1630 with Gov. Winthrop, and his name appears as the eleventh sub-
scribed to the covenant signed at Charlestown, Aug. 27, 1630, by those who afterwards
became the First Church of Boston. He was admitted a freeman May 18, 163 1. In
October, 1634, John Coggan (1638) was elected sergeant "in place of Harding now in
Virginia," but he returned before 1636, when he was chosen ensign of the train-band
under Capt. Underhill (1637) and Lieut. Gibbons (1637).

Robert Harding (1637) was, as others, disarmed for his heterodoxy by order of
the General Court in 1637. He doubtless was one of those who recanted, as he was
received back into the church, and permitted to join the Artillery Company. He
was elected a member of the first board of selectmen of Boston, Sept. i, 1634, and was
re-elected in March, 1637, and continued to serve until 1640, except one term of six
months. At this latter date, his love for the anabaptistic doctrine again triumphed, and
he left Boston for Aquiday, R. I., where he became an assistant in 1641. In November,
1646, he returned to England, and in 165 1 was a merchant in London.

He married. May 18, 1631, Philippa Hammond, "widdow," who came over to
New England in the same ship with him. Her name is the fortieth on the membership
list of the First Church. Capt. Harding (1637) married, second, on the 17th of October,
1645, Esther Willis, of Hartford.

Thomas Cakebread (1637), of Watertown, was the eighteenth signer of the original
roll of the Artillery Company. He became a freeman May 14, 1634. He was a pro-
prietor in Watertown in 1636-7, in Dedham in 1637, and in Sudbury in 1639. In Mr.
Haven's address, 1836, he is called "a renowned soldier of Watertown," and he was
"invited to be at the head of the military affairs in Dedham." He signed the town
covenant of Dedham, and was considered an efficient man, for, " 11"' of 3'' mo. 1637,"
a committee was appointed to treat with him in regard to managing the military affairs
of the town, and soon after was admitted a townsman. In 1637, he married Sarah,
daughter of Nicholas Busby.

He removed from Dedham to Sudbury soon after, for a grist-mill was erected by
Thomas Cakebread (1637) in the spring of 1639, in that part of Sudbury now called
Wayland. In consideration of his building the mill, he was given forty acres of
upland adjoining the mill, and " a piece of meadow downwards and a piece of meadow
upwards " — sixteen to twenty acres. Also there were given him thirty acres of
meadow and forty acres of upland.

The Colony Records state that, in 1642, "Ensign Cakebread was to lead the
Sudbury company." He died in that town Jan. 4, 1643-4. His widow, Sarah, married
Sergt. John Grout, who took charge of the mill property.

John Holman (1637), of Dorchester, the nineteenth signer of the original roll
of the Artillery Company, was one of the emigrants from the English counties of
Dorset and Devon, who came in the advance ship of the Winthrop fleet, and, landing at

Robert Harding (1637). Authorities: Bond's Watertown; Dedham Records; Hudson's

Savage's Gen. Diet.; Savage's Edition of Winthrop's Hist, of Sudbury; Hist, of Middlesex Co., by D. H.

Hist, of New Eng.; Drake's Hist, of Boston; Whit- Hurd.

man's Hist. A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1842; John Holman (1637). Authorities: New

Report of Boston Rec. Com., 1634-1660. Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1851; Hist, of Dor-

Thomas Cakebread (1637). Authorities: Chester, by Antiq. and Hist. Soc.

42 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1637-8

Mattapan, called it Dorchester. He is mentioned in Pynchon's papers as a collector
of furs, in 1633, at Dorchester. In 1634, his residence was "by the Rock." He was
selectman in 1636-7 and 1642. He was ensign of the first military company in Dor-
chester, under Capt. Israel Stoughton (1637) and Lieut. Nathaniel Duncan (1638).
He was concerned in navigation, and left a good estate. In his later years, he seems to
have lived on Adams Street. In 1637, the town gave Mr. Holman (1637) twenty
acres of upland, "next to Mr. Hutchinsons." He probably died in 1652, for his
will was probated on the loth of June of that year.

Richard Collicott (1637), of Dorchester, whose name is the twentieth on the roll
of the Artillery Company, was born in England in 1603, and was admitted a freeman
March 4, 1632-3. He was a sergeant in the Pequot War, selectman of Dorchester in
1636-7 and 1641 ; was a deputy to the General Court in 1637, and a member of Mr.
Warham's church, Dorchester. He is also mentioned, in 1633, as a collector of furs.
In 1634, he had leave to build two houses, one near "the burying-ground " (Indian),
and the other "without the pale." In October, 1636, acting as a trustee for the
town, he received the grant from Cutshumaquin of the whole territory of Unquety,
Milton, including forty acres for himself, conferred by the town, which, in the July
previous, gave him six other acres. He represented the Dorchester church at the Cam-
bridge Synod, held in 1637, for the trial of Mrs. Ann Hutchinson. His fur trade prob-
ably brought him into much intercourse with the Indians, with whom he had great
influence, which was called into use by Eliot in his endeavors to Christianize them. In
1645, he accompanied Atherton's (1638) expedition to Narragansett.

It was doubtless on a fur-trading expedition to Maine, in 1648, that the remarkable
providence mentioned by Winthrop occurred to Mr. Collicott (1637). He was somewhat
identified with Maine, for he was elected to represent Falmouth in the General Court
in 1669, and Saco in 1672. His residence in Dorchester was near the corner of
Cottage and Pleasant streets. He appears to have resided in Boston in 165 1, and in
Milton in 1664.

His first wife, Joanna, died Aug. 5, 1640, and by his second, Thomasin, who survived
him, he had five children, the youngest of whom, Bethia, married, July 21, 1692, Rev.
Daniel Gookin as his second wife. He moved again to Boston a few years before his
death, which occurred on the seventh day of July, 1686. He was buried on Copp's Hill.

Joseph Pendleton (1637), the twenty-first signer of the original roll, left no trace,
as yet found, except the following : —

In 1 65 1, Joseph Pendleton, of Boston, witnessed the will of Robert Turner, who
joined the Artillery Company in 1640.

Mr. Savage suggests that Joseph may have been a son of Major Bryan Pendleton
(1646). Major Pendleton's will (New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., Vol. III., p. 122)
clearly implies that the major had but one son, whose name was James.

Edward Tomlins (1637), of Lynn, the twenty-second signer of the original roll of
the Artillery Company, came in the fleet with Winthrop ; was an Englishman by birth,
and a carpenter by trade. He was one of the original settlers of Lynn, and received

Richard Collicott (1637). Authorities: Mass. Bay; Hist, of A. and H. A. Company, by

Hist, of Dorchester, by Antiq. and Hist. Soc; Win- Whitman (1810).

throp's Hist, of New Eng.; Hutchinson's Hist., II., " [1686] July 9 [Friday]. Mr. Richard Colli-

515; Copp's HiU Burial-Ground, by Bridgman; cot bmied." — Sni'a// Pa/ers, ]'ol. I., p. iaa.
Spark's Biography of Eliot; Records of the Col. of

1637-S] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 43

considerable grants of land, including Tomlins Pond, " sixty feet above the ocean." He
was admitted a freeman May 18, 163 1. In 1633, he built the first mill in Lynn, — but not
on Strawberry Brook, as Whitman asserts, — and erected several large wooden bridges in
different towns. He was a deputy in the first General Court in the colony in 1634,
and for seven terms afterward, during one of which the charter of the Artillery Com-
pany was granted. His son Edward came from England in 1635, aged thirty, and
returned to London in 1644, and in 1679 was in Dublin. In 1640, Edward, Sr.
(1637), went with a party of emigrants from Lynn, led by Rev. Abraham Pierson, to
Long Island, but he returned in 164 1. He was arraigned for expressing opinions against
singing in churches, but he retracted, and was discharged "the i" of the 4"' month,
1641."

In 1634, he was appointed by the General Court keeper of "ordinances, powder
and shott," and was authorized to impress men to build gun carriages; and, in 1637,
was chosen cannoneer at the Castle.

In 1643, he was sent by the General Court, of which he was that year a member,
with Humfrey Atherton (1638), to visit the Indians at Gorton's Plantation, Warwick,
R. L, where, we are told, he " catechized them." The same year he was appointed clerk
of the writs in Lynn, where he probably died.

Nicholas Upshall (1637), of Boston, the twenty-third signer of the original roll of
the Artillery Company, sailed from England on the 20th of March, 1630, in the
largest vessel of Winthrop's fleet, the " Mary and John," with other emigrants from
Dorsetshire. They founded the town of Dorchester, where he was empanelled as a juror
in September, 1630. Under the colonial charter, applicants "could become members
of the corporation, and this membership made them freemen. They then could vote for
assistants ; subsequently, they were allowed to vote for Governor, and were themselves
eligible to the office of assistants. Members of the company had the exclusive right of
suffrage, were members of the General Court, and owned the public and undivided
land." It was determined on the day that Nicholas Upshall (1637) became a freeman,
Oct. 19, 1630, that none should thereafter be made freemen who were not church
members. This act reduced the government at once to a theocracy. Nicholas Upshall
(1637) was a member of the church in Dorchester.

He also appears on the town records as a grantee of land there, in 1633, and was
the first bailiff and rater in Dorchester in 1634. " It is ordered by the town of Dor-
chester," April 17, 1635, "that Nicholas Upshall and Matthew Grant [an ancestor of
Gen. U. S. Grant] shall p'ceed in the measuring of the great lotts as they have begun."

Nicholas LTpshall (1637) was licensed as innkeeper in the town, in the years 1636,
1637, and 1638. "It is ordered," June 27, 1636, by the town, "that Nicholas Upshall
shall keep a house of entertainment for strangers." He was selectman in 1638 and
1642. In 1637, he was a member of the jury of " Life and Death " ; /. c, of a coroner's
jury, or jury as distinguished from the grand jury.

On the 7th of December, 1641, Nicholas Upshall (1637) joined with other persons

Edward Tomlins (1637). Authorities: 1880 (the latter being illustrated with pictures of

Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1842; the gravestones of Nicholas and Dorothy Upshall) ;

Lewis's Hist, of Lynn; .Savage's Gen. Diet.; Sav- Bridgman's Copp's Hill Burial-Ground; Report

age's Winthrop; Records of Mass. Bay. of Boston Rec. Com., 1634-1660; Drake's Hist, of

Nicholas Upshall (1637). Authorities: Boston; Drake's Gen. Diet.
New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1851, 1861 (will),

HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1637-8

in a grant of land to Dorchester, for the estabhshment and support of a free school. In
the language of the deed, the grant was " for and Towards the maintenance of a free
schoole in Dorchester aforesayed for the instructinge & Teachinge of Children and
Youth in good literature & Learninge." In the year 1639, a vote had been passed by
the town taxing the proprietors of said land for the same purpose. The town, the pro-
prietors, and the grantors in the above deed, were substantially the same persons. The
historian of Dorchester believes this to have been " the first provision for a free school
in the world by a direct tax or assessment on the inhabitants of a town." Nicholas
Upshall (1637) removed to Boston in 1644, and, with his wife Dorothy, was admitted on
the last Sunday of July in that year, by recommendation of the Dorchester church, to the
church in Boston. He was, however, a large property holder in Boston before his
removal, for, in 1637, he owned the land from the northeast side of Richmond Street,
and from Hanover Street to the sea. He became noted as the keeper of the " Red
Lyon Inn," "at the corner of Red Lyon Lane and the Town street next the Sea." His
wharf, near by, was bordered by what is now called Richmond Street, and is covered
by Fulton and Commercial streets. The Red Lyon Inn was regarded as the best
" ordinary " in Boston, and the host was becoming quite wealthy when his sympathies
were excited by the persecutions of the Quakers.

When the General Court, in 1656, passed an act against the Quakers, it was ordered
that it be publicly proclaimed, with beat of drum, in different places in Boston. One of
these places was in front of the Red Lyon Inn, and Nicholas Upshall (1637), hearing
the act read before his own door, said " that he did look at it as a sad foreboding of some
heavy judgment to fall on the country." On the following morning, he was called before
the court and charged with having expressed his disapprobation of the law against the
Quakers. He, " in much tenderness and love," warned the magistrates to take heed lest
they should "be foimd fighting against God." In the New England Tragedies, his
words are thus expressed in verse: —

" I testify against these cruel laws !
Forerunners are they of some judgment on us;
And in the love and lendcrncss I liear
Unto this town and people, I beseech you,
O Magistrates, take heed, lest ye be found
As fighters against God."

A fine of twenty pounds was exacted from him. Gov. Endicott saying, " I will not
bate him one groat." He was also banished, to depart in thirty days, including four in
prison, and was fined three pounds more for not attending worship after banishment.

An exile and a wanderer, Nicholas Upshall (1637) sought refuge in Rhode Island,
and on his return to Boston, in about three years, he was thrust into prison. Because
" many Quakers & others affected to that sect " visited him in his confinement, he was
removed to Castle Island, " there to remain vpon his own charge." His wife and family
petitioned for his release, and, in 1662, he was moved, by order of the court, " ovt of
prison forthwith to ye house of John Capen [1646]," in Dorchester, "provided he does
not corrupt any with his pernicious influences," or does not teach "the diabolical
doctrines and horrid tenets of the cursed sect, the Quakers."

Mr. Upshall (1637) resided at Mr. Capen's (1646) from 1662 until his death, Aug.
20, 1666, "aged 70 years." He and his wife, with their friend Copp, were buried in

I637-S] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 45

that part of Copp's Hill Burial-Ground appropriated for people of color, where their
gravestones still lemain. His property inventoried, after deducting debts, ^543 10s.,
no inconsiderable property in those days. His friends, "the Quakers," were remem-
bered by him in his will.

Edward Johnson (1637), of Charlestown, whose name is the twenty-fourth and
last in the list of founders of the Artillery Company, came to New England with the
Winthrop immigration from the parish of Heme Hill, in Kent County, England. He was
admitted a freeman May 18, 1631. Not long after, he returned to England; but came
back in 1636 or 1637, bringing with him his wife Susan, seven children, and three
servants, and settled at Charlestown. His possessions there were two dwelling-houses,
with garden plots, " on the south side of mill-hill," "butting South upon Charles River,"
and about two hundred acres of land. In 1642, he removed to what was at first called
Charlestown Village, but which was soon organized as a town and called Woburn.

Capt. Johnson (1637), who had evidently received a military training, was the
captain of the first train-band of Woburn, and was captain in the Middlesex Regiment at
the organization of the militia in 1644. He was ensign of the company commanded
by Capt. George Cooke (1638), with Humfrey Atherton (1638) as lieutenant, on the
expedition, in 1643, for the arrest of Samuel Gorton and his followers, who had estab-
lished an independent settlement in the Indian country. After enduring a siege in their
block house for several days, Gorton and his men surrendered, and were taken to
Boston, where they were brought before Gov. Winthrop " in a military order, viz., the
soldiers being in two files, and after every five or six soldiers, a prisoner." The soldiers,
after having delivered their prisoners to the civil authorities, saluted the Governor with
" three vollies of shot, and so departed to the inn where he had appointed some refresh-
ing to be provided for them above their wages." These "wages" were ten shillings,
or about two dollars and a half a week, the soldiers to victual themselves. " Very
liberal," says Winthrop ; " as is needful in such commonwealths as desire to be served
by volunteers."

Capt. Johnson (1637) took such an active part in establishing the church in
Woburn that some have supposed he was a clergyman ; but he was not, although it is
possible he might have officiated occasionally as a ruling elder. He was the town clerk
of Woburn for thirty years, and represented that place in the General Court from 1643
to 1672, with the exception of 1648, serving as speaker of the House of Deputies for a
short time in 1655.

When the revolution in Great Britain restored King Charles II. to his father's
throne, Capt. Johnson (1637) was appointed by the General Court, with Gen. Gookin
(1644), Mr. Danforth, Major Lusher (1638), and Capt. Hill (1647), a committee in
relation to sending Messrs. Bradstreet and .Norton (1643) as agents to F^ngland. This
committee met at the Anchor Tavern, in Boston, Jan. 4, 1662, to adopt measures and
hasten the journey of their agents. The subject was very important, considering that
by the temporizing policy of the Massachusetts colonists, as it respects the King and
Parliament, they had everything to apprehend on the restoration. They had prudently

Edward Johnson (1637). AUTHnRllMhs: Eil. of Winthrop 's Ilisl. of New Kng.; Mem. Hist.

New Eng. Hist, anrl Gen. Reg., 1847; Ilurd's Hist. of Boston; Records of Mass. Bay; Sewall's Hist, of

Middlesex Co., Vol. L, p. 337; Drake's Gen. Diet.; Woburn.
Report of Boston Rec. Com., Vol. IH.; Savage's

HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1637-8

and cautiously acknowledged Oliver Cromwell and the Parliament, but from 1656 to
1660 they were silent, and abstained from saying or doing anything that would give
offence to either party, and they had declined to acknowledge Richard Cromwell as
Protector. Their instructions, address to the King, and letters to divers lords, are
preserved in Hutchinson's Collections. Capt. Johnson (1637) was one of the four
to whom the original charter and a duplicate of it were delivered for safe keeping in
1664. The Colonial Records give frequent evidence of his public services and the
confidence he enjoyed from the people of Massachusetts.

Capt. Johnson (1637) is best known as the author of the Wonder-Working Provi-
dence of Zion's Saviour in New England, the original edition of which was printed in
London in 1654. This first published history of the planting of Massachusetts is written
in military style, " rude in speech," and laudatory of the spiritual, material, and martial
condition of the colony. " The Lord has been pleased," the captain tells us, " to turn
all the wigwams, huts, and hovels the English dwelt in at their first coming into orderly,
fair, and well-built houses ; well furnished, many of them, with orchards filled with goodly
fruit-trees and garden flowers." The military organization of the colony is graphically
described by Capt. Johnson (1637). "None are exempt," he says, "except a few
timorous persons that are apt to plead infirmity if the church choose them not as
deacons, or they cannot get to serve some magistrate or minister; but, assuredly, the
generality of this people are very forward for feats of war, and many, to further this work,
have spent their time and estates." Each soldier was required to keep constantly by
him "powder, bullets, and match." "There are none chosen to office in any of these
bands but such as are freemen, supposed to be men endued with faith in Jesus Christ " ;
whereupon the captain adds this weighty caution : " Let all people know that desire the
downfall of New England, they are not to war against people only exercised in feats of
arms, but men, also, who are experienced in the deliverances of the Lord from the
mouth of the lion and the paw of the bear. And now, woe be to you ; when the same
God that directeth the stone to the forehead of the Philistine guides every bullet that is
shot at you, it matters not for the whole rabble of anti-Christ on your side, the God of
armies is for us, a refuge high ; Selah ! "

Capt. Johnson (1637) died at Woburn on the 23d of April, 1672, leaving a widow,
Susanna, five sons, and two daughters. His estate was large and valuable, including lands
at Heme Hill and other places in England, which he bequeathed to several of his grand-
children. William Johnson, his third son, succeeded him as a representative to the
General Court, and was an assistant in 1684, and when Sir Edmund Andros arrived.

Of the twenty-four men who signed the original roll of the Artillery Company prior
to June I, 1638, and who are entitled to a permanent place in its history, several had
served in the war of the Netherlands, and all but three held military commissions under
the government of Massachusetts Bay. That the Artillery Company was a Massachusetts
Bay, and not merely a Boston, organization, is shown not only by its name but by the
residences of its original members, of whom ten belonged in Boston, three in Dor-
chester, three in Lynn, three in Roxbury, two in Watertown, two in Charlestown, and
one in Cambridge.

Four of the twenty-four held the office of assistant ; three were speakers of the
House of Deputies ; seventeen were members of the General Court ; sixteen were select-
men ; two were major-generals ; one was a colonel ; one, major ; eight, captains ; four,

\A> - SMnv6n^k •

1638-9] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 47

lieutenants ; three, ensigns ; two, sergeants (either before or during their membership in
the Company), and three are unknown as to military positions.

Gov. John Winthrop, the founder of Massachusetts, to whom the Military Company
of the Massachusetts was indebted for its charter, merits recognition in this volume. He
was the peer of other leading colonists in character, while he was their superior in social
position, in mental endowments, in education, and in administrative ability. The
military veterans, invited by him to emigrate to the New World, always received his
protection ; and he gave to some of them, and their associates, the charter of the Artillery
Company against the protests of some of his Council, who feared that, like the Prae-
torian Band among the Romans, an organization of military men might easily, in time,
overthrow the civil government.

His Journal of the Transactions and Occurrences in the Settlement of Massachu-
setts and the other New England Colonies, from the year 1630 to 1644, is invaluable.
It contains much relative to the founders of the Artillery Company, and the public affairs
of the time in which they were participants.

^ p. The "Military Company of the Massachusetts," as the Artillery

I O^O'Q* Company was first called, was organized at Boston on the first Monday

*J ^ in June, 1638. In the afternoon, between the hours of three and
four, there was a great earthquake,' the precursor of many rain-storms on election days.
The officers elected on that day, in accordance with the second article of the charter,
were all charter members: Robert Keayne (1637), captain; Daniel Howe (1637),
lieutenant, and Joseph Weld (1637), ensign. There were two sergeants, — John
Oliver (1637) and Joshua Hewes (1637). The clerk was John Johnson (1638), and
the drummer, Arthur Perry (1638).

The captain in those days, as his "duties" were laid down in the Book of Disci-
pline, was expected " to be a good posture man himself, that when he sees any of his
souldiers handling their arms in an indecent and slovenly manner, he may the better
reprove them for the same. And although many Captains regardeth them not, but
leaveth them to be instructed by the inferiour officers ; yet it is a great deal of honour
to him, when his souldiers shall be taught by himself, they more cheerfully and confi-
dently marching along with him, when as they perceive that he is thoroughly knowing in
all things belonging to his charge. His place of marching with his company, is some six
foot before the first division of muskettiers ; but if his company be drawn up, he is either
upon a stand, or upon the march, to be on the head of the Pikes, six foot before the
Ensign."

" He that is a Lieutenant to a Company," said the Book of Discipline, "ought to
be a good and able souldier and well to understand the duty of a captain, assuming no

'"(4). i] [;. c, June 1,1638]. Between " 163S. The ist of Ihe 4'h month, .ibout noon,

three and four in the afternoon, being dear, warm was a very great and general earlhc|uake. The

weather, the wmd westerly, there was a great earth- vessels upon the river, and the goods that were in

quake. It came with a noise like a continued the said ships, moved much. Many upon the land

thunder or the rattling of coaches in London, but could scarcely stand upright." — John HhIPs Dinrv

»as presently gone. . . . It shook the ships, which of I'li/i/ic Ociiiritiiics.
rode in the harbor, and all the islands. The noise
and the shakings continued about four minutes." —
Winthrofs Journal, Vol. I., p. 265.

HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1638-9

authority unto himself, but in the absence of his captain he is to see all such orders
executed. He is to instruct the souldiers in the use of their arms and sometime for
their ease, he may command every File-leader to draw forth his File, and to show them
their postures. By which means he shall do such good service to his captain, that when
he shall exercise them himself, he may find them more apter and readier to fulfil his
commands ; at which time the Lieutenants ought to be in the Reer, and to see all things
there truly executed according to the captains orders."

"An Ensign," said the Book of Discipline, "in the absence of his Captain and
Lieutenant, is Commander-in-Chief of the company and ought to march upon the head
of the same, leading them with a Half-pike. His Captain and Lieutenant being present,
and upon a stand, his colours ought to rest upon his side, being held by his right or left
hand, and urifurled ; upon the march his colours ought to be shouldered, taking up the
corner end of them in his right hand, and to let them be half-flying; the Pikes and
muskets all conforming unto the same posture. Marching through a city, for the more
grace, his colours may be wholly flying, being advanced and held up by his right hand,
or resting upon his right side. He ought to be a proper man, grave, valiant and discreet
and to be well skilled in the Postures of the Pikes ; in this respect he leads them, and
they expect from him to be taught the Postures thereof. He ought to be well skilled in
all the lofty Figures of displaying of the colours above the head, and to make use of
them according to discretion and command ; which is not only a healthful exercise to
his body, but also most becoming to him, or any other Gentleman or commander what-
soever, that shall sometimes make use of the same ; although condemned through sloth
and ignorance by others, who will not take the pains to learn it."

"A Clerk of a company," said the Book of Discipline, "ought to be very just and
honest; his chiefest duty is to keep the Muster- Roll, and to have it ready upon all
occasions for the entering of his men upon the Muster-Roil and Pay-bill. He is many
times intrusted to receive the service money of the company and pay such monies unto
the souldiers as shall be ordered him from his Captain to pay."

The Book of Discipline also laid down the duties of a barber-surgeon, although
it does not appear that the Artillery Company ever had one. It says, " In every com-
pany there ought to be a Barber for the trimming of the souldiers' hair and beards, who
ought likewise to have some skill in chirugery, that when the souldiers are upon the
guards, when imminent danger may be, they may then be at hand, to be ready in the
absence of the chyrugion of the regiment to bind up and dress the hurt and wounded
men."

The drummer, Arthur Perry (1638), was an important personage in the town as well
as in the Company. There were no newspapers then ; indeed, the first printing-press in
Massachusetts was not brought from England and set up at Cambridge until the following
year ; and the drum-beat summoned the faithful to church and to the weekly lectures, besides
summoning the military to their colors for drill and parade. The " ear-piercing fife," noted
by Shakespeare, was banished from the English army after his time, and was not restored
until 1747, having been neglected for more than a century in England and in the Ameri-
can colonies. When the Artillery Company paraded, the color was displayed early in
the morning from the vicinity of the market, after which the drummer, accompanied by
a sergeant, beat " to the colors " along the water side to Winnisimmet Ferry, and then
back along what is now Hanover Street to what is now Tremont Street, then a cart-path
leading along the edge of the commons where cows were pastured.

MEETING-HOUSE OF THE FIRST CHURCH, I7I3-I!

1638-9] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 49

As the members of the Company assembled, there was, doubtless, a lack of uni-
formity in their costume, but a similarity in arms and equipments. The orders sent to
England, and the inventories of the deceased, show that the head-covering of men-at-
arms, at that period of New F^ngland's history, was a steel morion or helmet, without a
visor, but with check pieces and a long scarlet plume ; and a cuirass and back-plate worn
over a buff coat, — not a garment of buff-colored cloth, as later writers have conjectured,
but a coat with long skirts, made of thick, well- tanned leather, — as impervious to an
Indian arrow as were the morion and cuirass. Long cavalry boots were much worn
by foot-soldiers, who often had to march through prickly vines and briers.

The muskets, which were large and heavy, were fired by match rope, which had been
soaked in a solution of saltpetre, so that it burned slowly. The equipments were ponder-
ous, consisting of " fourquettes," or forked rests, upon which the muskets were rested
when discharged ; ' " bandoleers," or cases, each holding one charge of powder, hanging
from a broad shoulder-belt ; priming horns ; match cases ; ball pouches, and short swords.
The captain carried a " leading-staff," which is now the badge of the commander of the
British company, the lieutenant carried a half-pike, and the ensign bore the stand-
ard. There was no adjutant, and the sergeants carried halberds, which were then the
distinctive weapon of that grade. The arms now called espontons, or spontoons, were
then unknown.

Calling the roll, by the senior sergeant, is a ceremony which has not been much
changed during the past two hundred and fifty years. We read in "Henry VI." how
Justice Shallow called the roll of Falstaff's command : " Thomas Wart ? " "Here, sir."
" Francis Feeble?" " Here, sir." In one of Beaumont and Fletcher's plays, a sergeant
called the roll : "Willis Hamerton, pewterer? " "Here." " George Greengoode, poul-
terer?" "Here."

The roll having been called, prayer was offered, and the Company then marched to
the meeting-house of the First Church, which in 1638-40 stood on State Street, near
(now) Congress Street — "its roof was thatched, its walls were mud." Subsequently,
until 1808, the First Church worshipped in a meeting-house on the site of the late Joy
Building. This was a barn-like edifice of wood, its massive timbers visible within. The
pulpit was a towering structure, surmounted by a sounding-board, and immediately in
front of the pulpit, facing the congregation, was a pew for the deacons.

The clergyman, Rev. John Wilson, the first pastor of the colon)', was a brother-in-
law of Capt. Robert Keayne (1637). There is a tradition that Rev. Mr. Wilson preached
the Artillery sermon of 1638. If the tradition be true, he wore a black gown with white
cambric bands, and a bag wig. He opened the services with an invocation, followed by
a selection from the Scriptures, and then announced the number of a versified psalm.
This was read, one line at a time, by a deacon, and each line was successively sung by
the congregation, in lugubrious and discordant tones. Mr. Wilson then offered prayer, —
probably a long one, — all the people standing. Ne.xt, he turned the hour-glass, which
was on a stand at the side of the pulpit cushion, and, having announced his text, pro-
ceeded to read his discourse.

After the religious services, it is probable that the Artillery Company, following the
example of the mother organization, marched to the Three Mariners, kept by mine

' Gustavus Adolphus was the inventor of car- so reduced that the " fourquettes," or rests, could
tridge boxes, and he also had the weight of muskets be dispensed with.

HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1638-9

host Samuel Cole (1637), or to the Blue Anchor Tavern, which was near the site of the
present Globe office, and enjoyed a good dinner. Unfortunately, no account of one
of these early Company dinners has been preserved ; but it is known that the market of
Boston was at that time well supplied with bear-meat, venison, birds, fish, etc.

Boston was, in the early days of the Company, the principal seaport town in North
America, untrammelled as yet by a custom-house, and the flags of the maritime nations
waved at her wharves. She exported lumber, dried codfish, salted mackerel, beef, pork,
tallow, tar, and turpentine to the West Indies, receiving in return rum, sugar, and
molasses. She sent dried codfish, pipe-staves, and beeswax to Portugal and Madeira,
receiving therefrom choice wines ; fish and oil were shipped to the Carolinas, and tar,
pitch, and turpentine returned ; she exported to the mother country dried codfish, tar,
turpentine, lumber, spars, whale oil and bone, deerskins, furs, etc., receiving in return
Holland gin, strong beer, and merchandise of every description.

When the dinner was over, Capt. Keayne (1637), and his immediate successors,
probably followed the example of the captains of the train-bands, when on parade, and
marched at the head of his command down the main street, now called State Street, but
which then was not known as King Street. It was the principal thoroughfare of the
town, and was paved with cobble-stones, which sloped down from the houses on either
side to a gutter in the middle of the highway, but without sidewalks.

Some of the houses were of brick, with tile or slate-covered roofs, but the larger por-
tion of the houses in the town were of unpainted wood, with huge chimneys in the
middle, small windows, and shingled roofs. At the head of the street was the market-
place, and facing it, on the opposite side of the highway leading from Charlestown Ferry
to Roxbury, was the meeting-house of the First Church, occupying the site of the
present Brazier Building, with the whipping-post and stocks. Also opposite to the
church were the tailor's shop and dwelling of Capt. Robert Keayne (1637). The way
thence to the training-field, or Common, was through Prison Lane, now Court Street,
and then along a cart-path, now Tremont Street.

The training-field, or Common, was originally granted to William Blackstone by the
General Court, on the ist of April, 1633, "to enjoy forever." The next year Blackstone
sold the land to the town of Boston, retaining the orchard of six acres, on a part of which
his house was built. "After which purchase," says a deposition, taken years afterwards
before Gov. Bradstreet, " the town laid out a place for a training-field, which ever since
and now is used for that purpose and for the feeding of cattle." In 1638, an effort was
made to get possession of this land through the General Court, and a committee was
appointed to supply men " that want land, and have deserved it." This was in March,
and in September following a committee was appointed to take the names of all who
demanded land of them ; this to apply only to the first planters. The order of the
Court of Assistants in regard to land was made on the 19th of May, 1629, and under the
following clause the Common would have been lost to us but for Gov. Winthrop : —

" And if within ten days after their arrival, and demand made by any particular
adventurer, in the common stock, or his servant for him, the same be not so allotted,
then each man, being an adventurer, is hereby permitted free liberty to build in any
place where himself shall think most convenient, provided that if the platt of ground
whereon the town is intended to be built, be set out, that it be publicly known to be
intended for that purpose, that then no man shall presume to build his house anywhere
else, with the right to fence in half an acre for every ^50. adventured in the common

1638-9] HONORABLE ARTII.I.EKY COMPANY. 5 1

stock, unless a greater or less proportion had been previously determined on by the
Governor and Council." Under the above clause, some of " the then inhabitants, of the
inferior sort," thought to get possession of the Common.

When the first seven men were chosen, Dec. 11, 1634, Gov. Winthrop tells us in his
Journal that they chose by papers, /. e., by ballot ; or, in plain English, secretly. This is
the first use of the ballot mentioned In the records of the town meetings. It was intended
to be done secretly, and but for Gov. Winthrop's refusal to serve upon such an election as
was carried by a voice of two, we now, instead of our Common and Beacon Hill, would
probably have had another Fort Hill, as it was before it was levelled. The question was
finally settled " Att a Meeting this day [March 30, 1640], of Mr. John Winthrop, Gov-
ernor, Capt. Edward Gibbon [1637], Mr. William Colbron, Mr. William Ting [1638],
Mr. John Cogan [1638], and Jacob Elyott." "Also agreed upon that henceforth there
shallbe noe land granted eyther for houseplott or garden to any person out of the open
ground or Comon Feild which is left between the Gentry Hill and Mr. Colbron's end ;
Except 3 or 4 Lotts to make up the streete from bro. Robte Walkers to the Round
Marsh."

If the traditions handed down from generation to generation have been correctly
transmitted, then the Company has invariably followed one custom. It chose its officers
for the ensuing year by ballot. The Governor was then escorted to the Common, when
the retiring commander directed several evolutions, and then took his leave of his officers
and men. The old officers, one by one, surrendered their badges to the Governor, who
bestowed them upon the new officers, and, afterwards, the new captain received the
halberds of the retiring sergeants, which he immediately gave to their successors.

The Governor was then escorted to his residence, and the newly-elected officers
treated the Company to punch, made of old West India and New England rum, Havana
sugar, and "lemons or limes for souring."

Fifty-seven new members were recruited in the year 1638-9 (each of whom was
vouched for by two members) ; their names were as follows : James Astwood, Humfrey
Atherton, John Audlin, William Ballard, Edward Bendall, Walter Blackborne, Nehemiah
Bourne, James Browne, Thomas Cheeseholm, Thomas Clarke, John Coggan, George

Cooke, William Cutter, Nathaniel Duncan, Philip Eliot, Femys, William French,

John Gore, Samuel Green, Stephen Greensmith, Samuel Hall, John Harrison, Thomas
.Hawkins, Valentine Hill, John Hull, Edward Hutchinson, James Johnson, John Johnson,
Benjamin Keayne, Eleazer Lusher, Thomas Makepeace, John Moore, Edward Mitchel-
son, Abraham Morrill, Isaac Morrill, David Offley, Abraham Palmer, William Parke,
Richard Parker, William Perkins, Arthur Perry, Robert Saltonstall, Robert Saunders,
Robert Scott, Ralph Sprague, Richard Sprague, John Stowe, Thomas Stowe, Thomas
Strawbridge, William Tyng, Hezekiah Usher, Richard Waite, Richard Walker, John
Whittingham, William Wilcox, John Winchester, and Edward Winship.

James Astwood (1638), of Roxbury, arrived, with his wife, Sarah, from England in
May, 1638, and was admitted to be a freeman May 22, 1639. In the earliest list of the

James Astwood (1638). Authorities: New "James Astwood he arrived at N. E. in the

Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1853 (will), 1854 (in- yeare 1638, the 3d month he brought a young child

ventory), 1S55 (settlement of estate); Hist, of wch was buryed here. . . . He was dismissed to ye

Second Church of Boston, by Chandler Robbins; new Ch at IJoston." — Kcxlmry Church Records,

Drake's Hist, of Roxbury; Drake's Gen. Diet. by Rev. John Eliot.

52 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND ['638-9

inhabitants of Roxbury, James Astwood (1638) is recorded as possessing twenty-eight
acres of land. His barn, house, and four acres of land, were west of Stony Brook and
south of Heath Street, and between the estates of Capt. Isaac Johnson (1645) and Philip
Eliot (1638). In 1647-8, James Ast^vood (1638) removed to Boston, and, in 1650,
became one of the founders of the second, or Old North, church. On its records, his
name is given as Ashwood. He bought, in 1646, of Robert Parker, a lot indicated in
the (printed) Book of Possessions, in Boston, as "H. 28," and March i, 165 1, was
granted liberty by the selectmen "to wharf before his property to low- water mark."
March 8, of the same year, he was elected constable. His will was made in September,
1653, and was probated Oct. 13 next following.

Humfrey Atherton (1638) was born in Preston, England, where he married
Mary Wales, and came to America with the second emigration, 1635, in the "James,"
from Bristol, with his wife and their three children. He was admitted a freeman May 2,
1638, and signed the covenant of the Dorchester church. He was a selectman in
Dorchester for thirteen years, between 1638 and 1660; represented the town nine years
in the General Court; was chosen an assistant in 1654, — and annually thereafter until his
death, — and speaker of the House of Deputies in 1653. He early showed a taste for
military affairs. He was captain of the Dorchester train-band at its organization in 1644,
and became commander of the Suffolk Regiment in 1649, by the promotion of Major
Gibbons (1637) to be major-general of New England militia. Sergt.-Major Atherton
(1638) continued in that position until he succeeded Gen. Daniel Denison (1660), in
1 66 1, as major-general. The latter position he held at the time of his death, which
occurred Sept. 17, 1661.

Uniting with the Artillery Company in 1638, he became senior sergeant in 1642,
ensign in 1645, lieutenant in 1646, and captain in 1650 and 1658.

In 1643, he was sent with Edward Tomlins (1637), of Lynn, by the General Court,
to treat with the Narraganset Indians, "and questioned them on the ten command-
ments." In 1644, he returned to the same district, with Capts. Johnson (1637) and
Cooke (1638), to arrest and try Samuel Gorton for heresy. He seems to have had great
skill in his treatment of the Indians, with whom his public duties brought him in frequent
contact. He manifested much humanity and sympathy for their ignorance and degraded
condition, but exercised great energy and decision of character when necessary. John-
son says: "Although he be slow of speech, yet he is downright for the business — one'
of a cheer-spirit and entire for the country." He is also said to have been " a man of
courage and presence of mind, for when he was sent with twenty men to Pessacus, an
Indian sachem, to demand the arrears to the colony of three hundred fathom of
wampum, Pessacus put him off for some time with dilatory answers, not suffering him to
come into his presence. He finally led his men to the door of the wigwam, entered
himself, with pistol in hand, leaving his men without, and, seizing Pessacus by the hair
of his head, drew him from the midst of a great number of his attendants, threatening,

Humfrey Atherton (1638). Authorities: horse threw him. He was taken up speechless and

New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1848, 1878, 1881 ; senseless, and so continued from six o'clock till one

Savage's Winthrop; Hist, of Dorchester, by Antiq. o'clock in the morning, and died . . . Sept. 20. His

and Hist. Soc; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Johnson's corpse attended to the grave with ten foot-com-

Wonder-Working Providence of Zion's Saviour. panics, and the country troop from Boston to

" [1661] Sept. 1 6, being a training day for horse Dorchester." — Diarjy of John Hull (1660).
and foot, Major-Gen. Atherton riding home, his

1638-9] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 53

if any of them interfered, he would despatch them. Pessacus piid what was demanded,
and the KngHsh returned in safety."

He named his children singularly, viz. : Jonathan, Rest, Increase, Thankful, Hope,
Consider, Watching, and Patience.

The death of Major-Gen. Humfrey Atherton was a serious loss. His energy of
character and firmness in all cases when great decision was required made him a strong
pillar in the youthful settlement. There is no doubt his death occurred on the 17th of
September, 1661, instead of the 1 6th, as inscribed on his monument — probably soon
after twelve o'clock at night of the i6th. Blake says, " He was killed by a fall from his
horse at ye So. end of Boston as he was coming homewards (I think in ye evening), his
Horse either Running over or starting at a Cow that lay down in y" way."

His epitaph, on the gravestone in Dorchester, is worthy of being preserved, viz. : —

" Here lies our Captain, and Major of Suffolk was withal
A goodly magistrate was he, and Major General.

Two troops of horse with him here came, such love his worth did crave,
Ten companies of foot, also mourning, marched to his grave.
Let all, who read, be sure to keep the truth, as he has done;
With Christ he now is crowned; his name was Humfrey Atherton."

His estate, besides a farm of seven hundred acres, inventoried ^838. His will was
proved Sept. 27, 1661, and in 1662 his property was divided among his widow and
children.

John Audlin, or Odiin (1638), was born in 1602, "an ancient dweller of the Town
of Boston," and lived on what is now Washington Street, between Bedford and Essex.
In January, 1637, he was alloted eighty-four acres at Rumney Marsh, which he sold
Dec. 24, 1638, for ^29 8s. He was a cutler, and was disfranchised in November, 1637,
for his sympathy with Mrs. Hutchinson's teachings. His name is the one hundred and
thirty-ninth on the register of the First Church. His deposition in regard to " Black-
stones Sale of his Land in Boston" is printed by Shurdeff, Description of Boston, p. 296.
He was armorer of the Artillery Company from 1644 to 1673.

John Audlin (1638) died in Boston, Dec. 18, 1685, aged eighty-three years.

William Ballard (1638), of Lynn, with wife, Eliza, and two children, came in the
"James" from London, in 1635, aged thirty-two years. He lived on the Boston road,
a little west of Saugus River. He was admitted a freeman May 2, 1638, and the same
year was a member of the Quarterly Court, at Salem. He moved to Andover, and died
July 10, 1689. His widow, Grace, died April 27, 1694.

Edward Bendail (1638), of Boston, with wife, Ann, who died Dec. 25, 1637, prob-
ably came with Winthrop in 1630. He was admitted a freeman May 14, 1634. His
children were named Freegrace (1667), Reform, Hopedfor, Moremercy, and Restore.

John Audlin (1638). Authorities: New School streets]." — ^'raw// Papers, Vol. I., f.

Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1887, p. 265; Snow's 113.

Hist, of Boston, p. 50. William Ballard (1638). Authorities: Sav-

" Friday, Dec. iS, 1685. Father John Odlin age's Gen. Diet.; New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Keg.,

dies; one of the very first inhabitants of Boston. 1848, p 1S3.

The oldest save the Governor." — Snvall Papers, Edward Bendall (1638). Authorities: Re-

Vo!. I., pp. 112, 113. ports of Boston Rec. Com., 1634-16S2; Savage's

" Satterday, Dec. 19, Father Jn" Odlin buried Gen. Diet.; Winthrop's Hist, of New Eng., Sav-
in the first Burying place [corner Tremont and age's Ed. ; Records of Mass. Bay.

HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1638-9

The last four were born of his second wife, Mary , of Roxbury. His business prop-
erty, consisting of a stone house and warehouse adjoining, was just west of Change
Avenue, and facing Faneuil Hall Square. The dock, where Faneuil Hall now stands,
was then used as a cove for shipping. It was the centre of mercantile business, and was
called Bendall's Dock, afterward Town Dock. It was from the shore in front of his
warehouse that, in December, 1637, he was permitted to run a "ferry boat to Noddle's
Island," and to the "ships riding before the town." He also owned a house and garden,
two acres, at the corner of the present Tremont Row and Tremont Street.

He was a man of uncommon enterprise, projecting and using successfully a diving-
bell. The " Mary Rose " was " blown up and sunk with all her ordnance, ballast, much
lead and other goods." "The court gave the owners above a year's time to recover her
and free the harbor, which was much damnified by her ; and they having given her over,
and never attempting to weigh her, Edward Bendall [1638] undertook it upon these
terms, viz. : if he freed the harbor, he should have the whole ; otherwise, he should have
half of all he recovered. He made two great tubs, bigger than a butt, very tight, and
open at one end, upon which were hanged so many weights as would sink it to the
ground. (600 wt) It was let down, the diver sitting in it, a cord in his hand, to give
notice when they should draw him up, and another cord to show when they should
remove it from place to place, so he could continue in his tub near half an hour, and
fasten ropes to the ordnance, and put the lead &c. into a net or tub. And when the tub
was drawn up, one knocked upon the head of it, and thrust a long pole under water,
which the diver laid hold of, and so was drawn up by it ; for they might not draw the
open end out of water for endangering him, &c." Savage adds, in a note : " If the
diving-bell had by ingenious and philosophical men been earlier invented, I doubt if
any instance of its successful application before this can be found."

He was a member of the First Church, and was disarmed in 1637 for sympathy
with Mrs. Hutchinson. In 1649, he was appointed, by the General Court, collector of
customs and registrar of horses intended for exportation.

Edward Bendall (1638) and James Penn "did bind themselves as sureties for the
fine of Stephen Greensmith " (1638), who was censured and fined for disrespectful
language concerning the clergy. He died in 1682, and letters of administration on his
estate were granted May 2 of that year.

Walter Blackborne (1638) (Savage says Blackburne) owned property in Boston
in 1640, but prior to that time a Mr. and Mrs. Blackburne are recorded as members of the
church in Roxbury. His house was on Washington Street, nearly opposite the head of
Milk Street. He was made a freeman May 22, 1639, and on the "22"^ of the i"' month,''
1640, he gave the power of attorney to his wife, Elizabeth, "beinge now intended to goe
for owld England in the Shipp called the Desire." In 1641, Elizabeth Blackburne sold
the house and garden to Francis Lyle (1640), who served in the double capacity of
barber and surgeon.

Nehemiah Bourne (1638) arrived in America in 1635, a member of the "second
emigration." Savage says he resided in Charlestown in 1638. He and his wife were

Walter Blackborne (1638). Authorities: throp's Hist, of New Eng., Savage's Ed.; Suffolk

Savage's Gen. Diet. ; Boston Records. County Records, II., 195 and 211 ; Drake's Gen.

Nehemiah Bourne (1638). Authorities: Diet.
New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1854, 1873; Win-

DIVING BELL,

1638-9] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 55

admitted into the Dorchester church in 1639. He was a "ship carpenter" ; removed to
Boston in 1640, and became a freeman June 2, 1641. In the winter of 1643-4, having
a taste for military affairs, he accompanied Col. Stoughton (1637) to England, and
became a major in Rainsburrow's regiment, of Cromwell's army. After the death of
Col. Stoughton (1637), Major Bourne (1638) returned to his family; but again went to
England, Dec. 19, 1646. He was in England in 1655 and also in 1661. When he went
to England in 1646, his vessel was armed with "one drake from Dorchester, a drake and
a sacre from the Castle and two sacres from Boston," which were loaned to him ; all to
be returned by June 10, 1647.

He next appears, March 2, 1649-50, in command of the great frigate, at Woolwich,
carrying two hundred and fifty men. Sept. 26, 1650, he was in command of the frigate
"Speaker," two hundred and seventy men and fifty-two guns. In May, 1652, Capt.
Bourne (1638) was appointed "rear admiral of the fleet of the Parliament of the
Commonwealth of England, and captain of the ship ' St. Andrew,' of sixty guns." In
January, 1652-3, he became commissioner for the navy, and had charge of refitting
and victualling the vessels. He afterward was connected with the militia of the county
of Kent, but at the time of the Restoration fled to the Continent, and remained there
for some years.

His wife, Hannah, died June 18, 16S4, and was buried on the south side of Bunhill
Fields Burial-Ground, where the ancient and honorable admiral was also buried in the
year 1691. His will, dated Feb. 11, 1690-91, was proved May 15, 1691.

James Browne (1638), of Charlestown, a glazier, married (i) Judith Cutting and
(2) Sarah Cutting. He was admitted a freeman in 1634. His name is the sixty- first on
the roll of the First Church in Charlestown. A remonstrance, signed by Charlestown
men, was presented to the General Court, against the banishment of Rev. John Wheel-
wright. The document was held to be seditious, and the signers were called to an
account. Ten of them acknowledged their " sin," but James Browne (1638) and one
other refused to recant ; whereupon the constables of Charlestown were ordered to
disarm them unless they acknowledged their error, " or give other satisfaction for their
liberty." In 1640, he was granted a part of Lovell's Island on condition "that he set
up a stage and follow a trade of fishing there."

About 1660 he moved to Newbury, and afterward to Salem, where he died Nov. 13,
1676, aged seventy-one years.

Thomas Cheeseholm, or Chisholm (1638), of Cambridge, 1635, was admitted a
freeman March 3, 1636. He had a wife, Isabel, but they left no posterity. The first
person licensed by the General Court, Sept. 8, 1636, " to keepe a house of intertainment
at Newe Towne " was Thomas Cheeseholm (1638), a deacon of the church, and after
wards steward of Harvard College. He was also licensed "to draw wine at Cambridge,"
May 13, 1640. His dwelling-house was on a lot at the northwest corner of Dunster and
Winthrop streets, adjoining the lot on which the first meeting-house was erected in
Cambridge. The first church edifice and the first tavern in Cambridge stood side by
side. He was by profession a tailor, and died at his residence, as above, Aug. 18, 1671.

James Browne (1638). Authorities: Mem. Thomas Cheeseholm (1638). Authorities:

Hist, of Lioston, Vol. L; Wyman's Charlestown Hist, of Cambriilfje, by Rev. Lucius K. Paige;

Genealogies anil Estates, Vol. L; Third Report, Mass. Col. Records, \'ol. L, p. l8o; Savage's Gen.

Boston Rec. Com. ; New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., Diet.
1S53 (will).

56 HISTORY OF THlE ANCIENT AND [1638-9

Thomas Clarke (1638) was of Dorchester in 1630. He commenced his career in
that town, but was prominently connected later with Boston. He retained his property in
Dorchester until his death, and gave by will to the town, ^^20 for its poor. His farm,
which he retained, as above, was situated on the south side of Jones's Hill. He sustained
a high reputation for integrity and independence. He was admitted a freeman in 1638,
and the same year joined the Dorchester church. He was selectman in 1641 and 1642.
He removed his residence and business to Boston in 1644 or 1645, in company with
other prominent Dorchester settlers, whose names are recorded among the founders of
the Old North Society, in 1650. Mr. Clarke's (1638) name is perpetuated by the name
of a street and a wharf, at the north part of the city. He commanded the Suffolk Regi-
ment in 1651, and the same year was chosen deputy from Boston. He was continued
in that office eighteen years, five of which he was speaker of the House. He was elected
assistant in 1673, and held that office until his decease, March 13, 1683. He was a
successful merchant, and owned several estates. In 1678, his shop goods inventoried
;£'JS6, and six pieces of real estate were estimated at ;^i,39S. In 1672, he succeeded
Major Lusher (1638) as sergeant-major.

In 1658, when the sanguinary law was passed condemning Quakers to death, he was
one of the two deputies who entered their dissent against the law. When the commis-
sioners of Charles II., in 1665, arrived in Boston, and threatened to annul the Massa-
chusetts charter, on account of the sympathy of the people for the Revolution, that
instrument was placed in the hands of Major Clarke (1638) and three others, for safe-
keeping. He was sent, with Mr. Pynchon, to New York, to represent the Bay Colony at
the transfer of Manhadoes from the Dutch to the English authorities, which was done
Aug. 27, 1664.

On the 30th of September, 1666, "Mrs. Clarke, the wife of Capt. Thomas Clarke
[1638], of Boston," had the offence charged against her, before the church in Dor-
chester, " of her reproachful and slanderous tongue against the Honored Governor
Richard Bellingham ; and other lying expressions." After several meetings, "she,
manifesting no repentance," was excommunicated.

Upon the division of the Suffolk Regiment, in 1680, Boston constituted the First
Regiment, under Col. Clarke (1638) ; that part of Suffolk County now Norfolk was
created a new regiment, under William Stoughton. Major Clarke (1638) was lieutenant
of the Artillery Company in 1639 and 1651, and captain in 1653 and 1665. He made
his will in May, 1680, and it was proved March 22, 1683. "He was buried," says an
old almanac, "March 19th, 1683, with military honors."

At a church meeting in Dorchester, April 29, 1683, "John Minot came forth volun-
tarily and acknowledged his sin in being too much overcome with drinking on the day
of Major Clarke's funeral." Dr. T. M. Harris supposes Major Clarke (1638) to be one
of three brothers, — Bray, Joseph, and Thomas, — of Dorchester, 1630, commemorated
in an epitaph on a gravestone in that town : —

" Here lie three Qarks, their accounts are even,
Entered on earth, carried up to heaven."

Thomas Clarke (1638.) Authorities: Hist. Gen. Diet.; Whitman's Hist. A. and H. Company,
of Dorchester, by Antiq. and Hist. Soc.; First and Ed. 1S42; Savage's Edition of Winthrop's Hist, of
Fourth Reports of Boston Rec. Com.; Savage's New Eng.; Records of Mass. Bay.

1638-9] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 57

John Coggan (1638), of Boston, who has the distinction of being the "father of
Boston merchants," lived on the opposite corner of State and Washington streets from
Capt. Robert Keayne (1637). Below Mr. Coggan (1638), and on the next lot. Rev.
John Wilson, the first minister in Boston, a brother-in-law of Capt. Keayne (1637) and
the preacher of the first election sermon before the Artillery Company, resided. Crooked
Lane, from State Street to Dock Square, ran through Mr. Wilson's land, and was, there-
fore, called Wilson's Lane. It is now the extension of Devonshire Street. John Coggan
(1638) was admitted a freeman Nov. 5, 1633, and opened the first shop in Boston,
March 4, 1633-4, on the above-named corner, which he purchased of Mr. Wilson. His
first wife, Ann Coggan, joined the church in Boston in July, 1634. His second wife,
Mary, dying on the 14th of January, 1651, he married, on the loth of March following,
Mrs. Martha, the widow of Gov. Winthrop, the ceremony being performed by John
Endicott, Governor. She had previously been the widow of Thomas Coitmore (1639).
In January, 1635, for the raising of a new fortification on Fort Hill, Mr. Coggan (163S)
loaned five pounds to the town, and was made treasurer of the fund ; and Aug. 12, 1636,
he subscribed the same amount as Capt. Keayne (1637), twenty shillings, at a meeting of
the richer inhabitants, for the maintenance of a free-school master. He was a selectman
of the town in 1634, 1639, and 1640, and was on a committee with Samuel Cole (1637),
Dec. 15, 1652, to receive money for the support of the president, fellows, or poor
scholars, at Harvard College. Besides other property, he owned in Boston a half acre
on the corner of Beacon and Tremont streets, opposite King's Chapel. He was an early
and liberal donor to Harvard College, and died April 27, 1658, leaving a large estate.
His daughter, Elizabeth, married Joseph Rock (1658).

George Cooke (1638), of Cambridge, arrived in Boston from London, in the ship
"Defence," in 1635, with an elder brother, Joseph (1640). In the ship's clearance, at
the custom-house, he is called, with others, servants of Roger Harlakenden, who also
settled in Cambridge. This was doubtless done to deceive the custom-house officers, and
assure their emigration. George Cooke (1638) was born in 1610, and became a freeman
March 3, 1636. Immediately upon his arrival, in connection with his brother, he pur-
chased a large number of houses and lands of those who were about removing to Connec-
ticut. He was selectman in 1638, 1642, and 1643; deputy, or representative, in 1636
and from 1642 to 1645, — five years, — and was speaker of the House in 1645. While a
member of the House he was frequently placed on important committees, especially in
relation to military affairs. In 1645, he was elected one of the reserve commissioners
of the United Colonies. In 1636, he was appointed captain of the first train-band in
Cambridge, and had William Spencer (1637) for his lieutenant. He retained that
office at the organization of the militia in 1644. At the formation of a company in
Middlesex, May 14, 1645, ^c "'^•s placed at the head of it. He commanded the Artillery
Company in 1643, and, while its captain, was sent by the court, with Humfrey Atherton

John Coggan (1638). Authorities: New "John Coggan mar Mrs Martha Winthrop
Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1855, 1856, 1877; Mem. lo: i : 1651."— Siifolk Co. Files.
Hist, of Koston, Vol. L; Hist, of Dorchester; Sav- George Cooke (1638). Authorities:
age's Gen. Diet.; Report of Boston Rec. Com., Paige's Hist, of Cambridge; Hist. Middlesex Co.,
1634-1660. Vol. HL, pp. 174, 177; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Win-
March 4, 1633, "John Coggan, merchant [set throp's Hist, of New Eng.; New Eng. Hist, and
up] the first shop." — Winlhiop's Joiiriuit, Vol. /., Gen. Reg., 1847.

eg HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1638-9

(1638), Edward Johnson (1637) and forty soldiers, to Patuxet, near Providence, in
Rhode Island, to arrest "Samuel Gorton and his company"; which they did, and
brought the prisoners to Boston. Winthrop gives a long detail of the military pomp and
ceremony on their return.

Near the close of 1645 he returned to England, became a colonel in the army of
Parliament, and was " reported to be slain in the wars in Ireland, in 1652."

Suits were instituted by the family for the possession of his property in America, and
Oct. 5, 1652, the County Court empowered "Mr. Henry Dunster [1640] and Mr.
Joseph Cooke [1640] to improve the estate of Col. George Cooke [1638], deceased,
for the good of Mary Cooke, the daughter of said Col. George Cooke [1638], deceased,
and also to dispose of the said Mary Cooke, for her education, as they shall apprehend
may be for her best good."

Col. Cooke (1638) probably resided on the northerly corner of Brighton and Eliot
streets, in Cambridge.

William Cutler (1638), a brother of Richard Cutter (1643), was a resident of
Cambridge in 1636, and was admitted a freeman April 18, 1637. He had a grant of
land in Cambridge in 1648, and owned and occupied the estate at the southwest corner
of Dunster and Winthrop streets. He soon returned to England, and, in 1653, resided
at Newcastle-upon-Tyne ; at which date he empowered Edward Goffe, Elijah Corlett,
and Thomas Sweetman, of Cambridge, and Robert Hale (1644), of Charlestown, to
collect debts due him in New England. He probably died without children, for Richard
Cutter (1643), six days before his own death, deeded, June 10, 1693, to his son William,
a house and lot in Cambridge, describing the premises as " formerly the right and proper
estate of William Cutter [1638], my brother, deceased, and from him descended to me
as my lawful right of inheritance."

Nathaniel Duncan (1638) was the second persoa named in the charter, but did not
sign the roll until 1638. He was one of the early settlers in Dorchester, where he was a
merchant. He appears in the town records as a grantee of land in 1633 and 1637,
selectman of the town from 1635 to 1645, one of the six who first signed the church
covenant with Mr. Mather, was admitted a freeman in 1635, removed to Boston in

1645, and resided on State Street, in the house next to Capt. Keayne's (1637). He
joined ths Old North Church in Boston in 1655, was a vote commissioner in Boston in

1646, and he represented the town for several years in the General Court. He was
lieutenant of the first train-band organized in Dorchester, in 1636, and was afterwards its
captain. He never held any office in the Military Company of the Massachusetts, prob-
ably on account of his advanced age, as he does not appear to have held any position in
the colonial militia when it was reorganized in 1644. Johnson says, " He was learned
in the Latin and French tongues, and a very good accountant ; whereupon he was called
to the place of auditor-general for the country." His son, Nathaniel Duncan, Jr., was
admitted into the Artillery Company in 1642, and his son, Peter Duncan, was admitted
in 1654.

William Cutter (163S). Authorities: Sav- port of Boston Rec. Com., 1634-1660; Hist, of Dor-
age's (len. Diet.; Paige's Hist, of Cambridge. Chester, by Antiq. and Hist. Soc; Records of Mass.

Nathaniel Duncan (1638). Authorities: Bay.
Drake's Hist, of Boston; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Re-

1638-9] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMRANV. 59

At the Quarterly General Court held Sept. r, 1635, appeared the first grand jury of
the country, " who presented above one hundred offences, and, among others, some of
the magistrates." Of this court was Capt. Nathaniel Duncan (1638), from Dorchester.
Capt. Duncan (1638) was also a member of the court which banished Mrs. Hutchinson
in 1637, and disfranchised Capt. Underhill (1637). The same court disarmed her
sympathizers, who were ordered "to deliver their arms at Capt. Keayne's [1637] before
the 30th of November, under penalty of ten pounds for every default."

March 12, 1638, the General Court voted: " Natha Duncan, of Dorchester, is
licensed to sell wine and strong water"; and in 1645 he was elected by that body
auditor-general of the province.

By the following order, it appears that Dorchester did its share in 1664, in fortifying
Castle Island : " 20 of the 3 mo. 1664. It is ordered by a major vote of the town, that
the raters shall make a rate of one hundred pounds towards the fortification of Castle
Island, and providing powder, and shot and other for the great guns ; to be delivered
into the hands of Nathaniel Duncan [1638] and Humfrey Atherton [1638], overseers of
the work, who are to be accountable to the town for the disposing of it."

Capt. Nathaniel Duncan died about 1668.

Philip Eliot (1638), of Roxbury, came to America in April, 1635, in the "Hope-
well." His name is not in the custom-house list, though those of his wife and children
are. They were from Nazing, England, the seat of the family. He was admitted a
freeman May 26, 1636, and was a deacon of the church of which his brother. Rev. John
Eliot, the apostle to the Indians, was pastor. He represented the town in the General
Court for four years, from 1654 to 1657. He resided in Roxbury, west of Stony Brook
and south of Heath Street, having for his nearest neighbors James Astwood (1638) and
Isaac Johnson (1645). Between 1636 and 1640, he is recorded as being the possessor
of three hundred and thirty-three acres of land. The most northerly resident of these
three mentioned, " his house, barn and houselot of three acres on Stony River, east "
was Philip Eliot (1638). He "was a right godly and diligent person, who used to
accompany " his brother. Rev. John, in his work among the Indians. The Rev. John
Eliot left this record concerning his brother Philip (1638) in the records of the "Church
at Roxborough " : " Philip Eliot [1638] he dyed about the 22'' of the 8' month : 57. he
was a man of peace, & very faithful, he was many years in the office of a Deakon w'" he
discharged faithfully, in his latter years he was very lively usefull & active for God, &
his cause. The Lord gave him so much acceptanc in the hearts of the people y' he
dyed under many of the offices of trust y' are usually put upon men of his rank, for
besides his office of a Deakon, he was a Deputy to the Gen. Court, he was a Comissioner
for the govnm' of the town, he was one of the 5 men to order the prudential affairs of
the town ; & he was chosen to be Feofee of the Publick Schoole in Roxbury."

He died Oct. 22, 1657.

Femys (1638). On the oldest list of officers of the Company, as lieutenant

in 1640, appears the name "Capt. Femys." Mr. Whitman adopted the name

Philip Eliot (163S). Authorities: Savage's • ^ Femys (1638). Authorities: Re-
Gen. Diet.; Drake's Hist, of Roxbury, Report of port of Rec. Com., Boston, 1630-1699, p. 52;
Rec. Com., Vol. VL, Roxbury; will in New Eng. .Savage's Gen. Diet. (Vermaos); see will of Alice
Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1854. Fermace, New Eng. Gen. and Hist. Reg., 1S54.

HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1638-9

William adding, " He might be one of those who became early discontented and
therefore returned to England."

The pronunciation sounds like Fermase, Fermace, or Formais. Mark Fermace was
of Salem in 1638 ; was admitted to the church there Sept. 22, 1639, and became a free-
man May 13, 1640, when the name is spelled Formais. Savage says, he was probably a
son of widow Alice Vermaes, whose daughter Abigail was admitted to the church in
Salem in 1640, and married Edward Hutchinson (1638) after being the widow of
Robert Button, of Boston. Alice, then of Boston, died Feb. 9, 1655-6, and Edward
Hutchinson (1638) was named her executor; but Mark is not mentioned, nor her other
son, Benjamin, implying they had previously died. Her name as attached to her will is
Alice Fermace. Mark Fermace being a brother-in-law of Edward Hutchinson (1638),
who was very active in the affairs of the Company, gives much probability to the suppo-
sition that Capt. Femys was really Mark Fermace.

William French (1638), of Cambridge, came from England with Col. George Cooke
(1638) and Joseph Cooke (1640), both of whom settled in Cambridge. On the roll
of the Company it is simply, " Lieut. French." Whitman decided it meant " Lieut.
(Thomas) French (Jr)." Thomas French, Jr., was not made a freeman until 1674,
was never a member of the First Church, nor is anything given of him except that he
was in Ipswich in 1638. The sketch of Lieut. Thomas French, Jr., given in Whitman's
History of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, edition of 1842, is an outline
of Thomas French, of Boston, who moved to Ipswich in 1639, and died there that year,
therefore could not have been ensign of the Company in 1650. Neither Thomas, Jr., of
Ipswich, nor Thomas of Boston is found to have been in military service.

Lieut. French of the Artillery Company is probably the William French (1638) of
Cambridge, who came to America with the two Cookes (1638 and 1640), who settled
in the same town with them, and .was a military man. He was a tailor, and, having
arrived in 1635, became a freeman March 3, 1636, on the same day as his two friends
above mentioned. He became a lieutenant in the military company at Cambridge, and
resided on the westerly side of Dunster Street, about midway between Harvard Square
and Mount Auburn Street. He bought that estate in 1639, and sold it to William Barrett,
June 10, 1656. About 1653, he removed to Billerica, and was the first representative
from that town, 1660 and 1663. He wrote a tract, entitled, " Strength out of Weakness,"
written in the interest of the instruction of Indians. It was published in London in 1652.
He died, when holding the office of captain of an artillery company in Billerica, Nov.
20, 1681, aged seventy-eight years. He was junior sergeant of the Artillery Company in
1643, first sergeant in 1646, and its ensign in 1650.

John Gore (1638), of Roxbury in 1635, became a freeman April 18, 1637. A
correspondent of the Boston Transcript, over date of May 3, 1867, writes : "John Gore
[1638], who fled from the persecutions in England, is said to have been the first of the
name who emigrated to New England. He landed at Boston, and thence took up his
residence at Roxbury. Going over Boston Neck, Mrs. Gore was carried by two men, as

William French (1638I. Authorities : Sav- Family; Drake's Hist, of Roxbury; Report of Rec.

age's Gen. Diet.; Paige's Hist, of Cambridge. Com., Boston, Vol. VI.; New Eng. Hist, and Gen.

John Gore (1638). Authorities: Savage's Reg., 1854, 1877.
Gen. Diet.; W. H. Whitmore's Genealogy of Gore

1638-9] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 6r

the ground was wet and swampy. Arriving at Roxbury, the men stopped with their fair
burden on a small hill, when Mrs. Gore, who was much fatigued, exclaimed, 'This is
Paradise,' and the spot was thenceforth named 'Paradise Hill.'" John Gore (1638)
and wife, Rhoda, had ten children, of whom two were sons, viz., John and Samuel, from
whom Capt. John Gore (1743), Lieut. Stephen Gore (1773). Samuel Gore (1786), and
Lieut. Christopher Gore (181 4), were descended.

John Gore (1638), the emigrant, a farmer, who joined the Artillery Company in
1638, was clerk of the Company in 1655, and he died, June 2, 1657. The old Gore
homestead, described in the book of " Houses and Lands " as containing four acres,
west of Stony River, bounded on the way leading to the landing-place and tide mill,
was on the southwest side of Tremont Street, just beyond the railroad crossing, and
extended to Parker Street. A brick block now covers the site of the Gore house, which
was taken down in 1876. The name is perpetuated by Gore Avenue, which traverses a
part of the original estate.

Samuel Green (1638), of Cambridge, son of Bartholomew, of Cambridge, probably
came over with his father in 1632. He was admitted to be a freeman March 4, 1635,
and became a printer. He was town clerk from 1694 to 1697, and clerk of the writs
from 1652 until a late period, if not to the end of life. He is principally celebrated as a
printer, the conductor of the Cambridge printing-office about half a century, and the
ancestor of a very numerous race of printers. Mr. Green (1638) took charge of the
press in Cambridge about 1649. Isaiah Thomas, in his History of Printing, gives a
catalogue of books published under Mr. Green's (1638) superintendence, among which
were the Indian New Testament, i66r, the Indian Bible, 1663, and a second edition of
the same, six years in press, completed in 1685. He was deeply interested in military
matters. He served as sergeant in the expedition against Gorton, in September, 1643;
was appointed ensign in 1660, lieutenant in 1686, and was commissioned captain in 1689,
when seventy-five years old, which position he seems to have held until his decease.
Before 1638, his father, Bartholomew, had moved to the southwest corner of Ash and
Brattle streets, and Capt. Samuel Green (1638) resided later on the northerly side of
Mount Auburn Street, between Holyoke and Dunster streets. The latter homestead
passed out of the hands of the family in 1707.

Of Capt. Samuel Green (1638), it was stated, in an obituary notice of his son, Bar-
tholomew, printed in the Boston Nnc's-Lcttcr, Jan. 4, 1733, " This Capt. Green was a
commission officer of the military company at Cambridge, who chose him for above sixty
years together ; and he died there, Jan. i, 1701-2, aged eighty-seven, highly esteemed
and beloved both for piety and a martial genius. He took such great delight in the
military exercise, that the arrival of their training days would always raise his joy and
spirit ; and when he was grown so aged that he could not walk, he would be carried out
in his chair into the field, to view and order his company."

Samuel Green (1638). Authorities: Paige's the lirst name of Mr. Green as Richard, but " upon

Hist, of Cambridge; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Isaiah slight information." In the second, he substitutes

Thomas's Hist, of Printing. John therefor. For this latter, though the given

Whitman, in his first edition of the History of name is wanting on the roll, we have substituted

the .\ncient and Honorable Artillery Company, gives Samuel as by far the more probable.

62 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [163S-9

Stephen Greensmith (1638), of Boston, in 1636 was a freeman. He is mentioned
in the town records of Boston, Oct. 17, 1636. At the General Court, "i" mo. 9"', 1636,"
"one Stephen Greensmith, for saying that all the ministers, except A. B. C. (Cotton,
Wheelwright, and, as he thought, Hooker) did teach a covenant of works, was censured
to acknowledge his fault in every church and fined ^40." His sentence also required
sureties in iTioo. In the Addenda of Winthrop, " [1637] 7'^ 25, James Penn and
Edward Bendall [1638], did bind themselves, their heirs and executors, to pay unto the
Treasurer, within three months, ^40, for the fine of Stephen Greensmith [1638]."
Savage observes, " Marks are drawn across this paragraph, but it is evident that it was
designed by the author to express the discharge of the obligation ; for in the margin is
written, 'paid by ;£'20 in wampum and ^^20 by debt to Robert Saltonstall [1638].'"
Whitman observes, " He must have been a man of some note, if we consider his sureties.
He appealed to the King, but the court in all cases disallowed appeals, and he was
committed until sentence be performed. Alas ! how cruel is ecclesiastical bondage !
This man had no money — for he paid his fine by strings of Indian beads, and con-
tracting a debt to the benevolent Saltonstall [1638], who probably lent him or advanced
the remainder to liberate him from prison." Savage says, "Stephen Greensmith [1638]
was more than once prosecuted for freedom of speech."

Samuel Hall (1638), of Ipswich in 1636, was in this country in 1633. Late in the
latter year, he went with Oldham and others on an exploring expedition to the westward,
and having discovered the Connecticut River, or, as it was then called, the "Fresh River,"
returned from the wilderness in January, 1634. He went to England in the latter year,
and returned in the spring of 1635, "aged 25," in the ship "Elizabeth and Ann." After
some years he went home again, and died in 1680 at Langford, near Maldon, Essex
County, England.

John Harrison (1638), originally of Boston, settled in Salisbury in 1640, and returned
to Boston in 1641 or 1642. Gleaner, in the Boston Transcript oi July 31, 1855, informs
us that " the first rope-maker in Boston was John Harrison, A D. 1642." His rope-walk
or " rope-field," ten feet ten inches wide, is now covered by Purchase Street, beginning
at the foot of Summer Street. Thus the range of lots on High Street used to extend to
the water, separated, however, into two parts by Harrison's rope-walk, " or more recently
by Purchase Street. In 1736, it became the property of the town," and, having been
acquired by purchase, was called Purchase Street. Harrison (1638) probably made the
cordage for the "Trial," the first ship built in Boston. He had a monopoly of the rope-
making business until 1662, when John Heyman, of Charlestown, was permitted by the
selectmen to set up posts for making fish-lines only. Mr. Harrison (1638) objected,
appealed to the selectmen, got a decision in his favor, and the permit to Mr. Heyman
was withdrawn. He was admitted a freeman June 2, 1641, and, with his wife, joined the
First Church in February, 1644. Their daughter Ann married John Marion, who joined

Stephen Greensmith (1638). Authorities: necticut November 3 [1633], came now home,

Savage's Edition of Winthrop's Hist, of New Eng.; fiaving lost themselves and endured much misery.

Savage's Gen. Diet. They informed us, that the small-pox was gone as

Samuel Hall (1638). Authorities: Savage's far as any Indian plantation was known to the west,

Gen. Diet.; Winthrop's Hist, of New Eng., Sav- and much people dead of it, by reason whereof

age's Ed.; Felt's Hist, of Ipswich. they could have no trade." — Winthrop's Hist, of

"Hall and the two others, who went to Con- Nno Eng., Vol. I., p. 123.

i63«-9] HONORABLE AKTILLEKY COMPANY. 63

the Artillery Company in i6gi. Richard Gridley (1658) owned the land from P'ort
Hill north to Summer Street, and as Gridley's land lay on three sides of Harrison's lot,
it is probable that Mr. Harrison (1638) purchased his "rope-field" of Richard Gridley
(1658).

Thomas Hawkins (1638), of Dorchester, was a shipwright in London. He had a
grant of land at Charlestown, in 1636, though then living in Dorchester, where he
remained several years. He became a freeman May 22, 1639, and in that year was
deputy for Dorchester. He lived on Rock (now Savin) Hill, near the fort built in 1633,
and where "y"' great guns" were mounted in 1639. He was a large landholder, owning
a piece of ground at Bass Neck, now the southerly part of Harrison Square. His farm
was in that part of Dorchester now Quincy, at the Farm Meadows, and adjoined the
Newbury farm. Hawkins's Brook, a small stream named for him, crosses Columbia
Street. He removed to Boston in 1643, and in 1644 was colleague deputy from Boston,
with Edward Gibbons (1637). He was jointly concerned with Gen Gibbons (1637) in
helping La Tour, and commanded about seventy men, who joined in the expedition under
him as commander-in-chief, in 1643. He would not gratify La Tour by breaking
neutrality and fighting D'Aulnay, but gave his men leave to volunteer, which some did,
and burnt his mill and some standing corn, after which they returned safely to Boston
with his ships, bringing four hundred moose-skins and four hundred beaver-skins.

In 1645, Capt. Hawkins (1638) built at Boston the famous ship "Seafort," of four
hundred tons, "and had set her out," says Winthrop, "with much strength of ordnance
and ornament of carving and painting, etc." He was cast away on the coast of Spain,
but returned to England, and " being employed in a voyage the next year, was cast away
at the same place."

Capt. Thomas Hawkins (1638) was lieutenant of the Artillery Company in 1642 and
1643, and captain in 1644, "being the only instance," says Whitman, "known of the
like in the Company."

He died about 1648. His widow, Mary, married, June 26, 1654, Capt. Robert Fenn,
and Feb. 27, 1662, Henry Shrimpton. His inventory, taken July 26, 1654, speaks of a
house, barn, and one hundred and eighty acres of land in Dorchester, " over the water,"
valued at _;^257 ; house and land at Boston, ,£200 ; one half of ship "Peregrine," in
England, ^75, etc. ; total inventory, ^900. His son Thomas joined the Artillery Com-
pany in 1649. Capt. Thomas Hawkins (1638) bought a lot of Edward Bendall (1638),
upon which the former is supposed to have built the house which became known as the
"Old Ship Tavern," or " Noah's Ark," corner of North and Clark streets, and stood until
i865. Capt. Hawkins's ship-yard, where the "Seafort" was built in 1645, was on the
opposite water front. The Memorial History of Boston says of him : Capt. Hawkins was
" a busy, restless ship-builder, who owned a ship-yard near his house, made many voyages,
was cast away three times, and, at length, as if determined to show that he was not born
to be hanged, lost his life by shipwreck. In the apportionment of his estate, ' his brick

Thomas Hawkins (1638). Authokities: Hawkins's ship (God being pleased to send him

Savage's Edition of Winthrop's Hist ; Hist, of Dor- [Hawkins] to heaven by the way)." His will is

Chester, by Dorchester Antiq. and Hist. Soc; Sav- recorded in Suffolk Records, HI., loi.

age's Gen. Diet.; New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., The contract between La Tour and Capt. Ed-

1851, 1854, 1855, 1879; Drake's Landmarks of ward Gibbons (1637) and Cajit. Thomas Hawkins

Boston. (1638), dated June 30, 1643, 's recorded in the

In November, 1648, Winthrop writes his son Suffolk Registry of Deeds,
that " news is received from England by Capt

64 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1638-9

house and lands ' were set out to his widow, from whom indirectly it passed to one John
Viall, or Vyal, by whom it was kept as an inn, or ordinary, as far back as 1655. It was
in a room in this inn that Sir Robert Carr, the royal commissioner, assaulted the con-
stable, and wrote the defiant letter to Gov. Leverett [1639]. The house was built of
English brick, laid in the English bond ; it had deep, projecting jetties, Lutheran attic
windows, and floor timbers of the antique triangular shape ; it was originally two stories
high, but a third story had been added by a later occupant. A large crack in the front
wall was supposed to have been caused by the earthquake of 1663, 'which made all New
England tremble.' "

He had one son, Thomas (1649), and five daughters. Of these latter, Elizabeth was
the second wife of Adam Winthrop (1642), and after his decease she married. May 3,
1654, John Richards (1644) ; Abigail, for her third husband, married, Nov. 28, 1689,
Hon. John Foster, and Hannah married Elisha Hutchinson (1670).

Valentine Hill (1638), of Boston in 1636, a merchant, was admitted to be a free-
man May 13, 1640, and on June 12, 1640, was ordained a deacon of the First, or Boston,
Church. He was a man of great public spirit, and in 1641 was a grantee, with others,
of the Town, or Bendall's, Dock. He was elected selectman of Boston, Dec. 6, 1641, and
served until March 18, 1647. His residence in Boston was on Washington Street,
opposite the present Boston Globe office. He sold it, just prior to his moving to Dover,
to Capt. William Davis (1643). It was probably in a building on this site that the first
number of the Boston Nnvs-Letter was published, April 24, 1704. In 1643, the General
Court incorporated a "company of adventurers," consisting of Mr. Valentine Hill (1638),
Capt. Robert Sedgwick (1637), Mr. William Tyng (1638), treasurer, Mr. Franc Norton
(1643), Mr. Thomas Clarke (1638), Joshua Hewes (1637), and William Aspinwall
(1643), to extend the trade of Boston into new parts.

Valentine Hill was of Dover, N. H., about 1649, and represented that town in the
House of Deputies from 1652 to 1655 inclusive, and in 1657. His second wife was
Mary, daughter of Gov. Theophilus Eaton, of New Haven. He died in 1661.

John Hull (1638), of Dorchester, a blacksmith, was one of the first settlers of that
town. He was admitted to be a freeman Aug. 7, 1632 ; had a share in the division of
the Neck lands in 1637, and also in other divisions of land in Dorchester. He is styled
captain, but was never captain of the .'\rtillery Company. John (1638), of Dorchester,
was a brother of Robert, of Boston, who also was a blacksmith The latter, Robert, was
the father of John Hull (1660), of Boston, the goldsmith and mint-master. John Hull
(1660) of Boston is believed to have served his time with John (1638) of Dorchester.
The latter was a deputy for Dorchester in 1634, was second sergeant of the Artillery
Company in 1652, and died July 28, 1666, aged seventy-three years.

Edward Hutchinson (1638), son of William and Ann (Marbury) Hutchinson, of
Lincolnshire, England, born about May 28, 1613, is called "Jr.," to distinguish him
from his uncle. He came over before his parents, while a single man, in 1633, with

Valentine Hill (1638). Authorities: Sav- John Hull (1638). Authorities: Savage's

age's Gen. Diet.; Reports of Rec. Com., Boston, Gen. Diet.; Hist, of Dorchester, by Dorchester

1634-1660; Mem. Hist, of Boston; New Eng. Hist. Antiq. and Hist. Soc.
and Gen. Reg., 1853; Wentworth Genealogy.

'638-9] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 65

Rev. John Cotton, his uncle, Edward Hutchinson, and other prominent persons. He
became a member of the First Church Aug. 10, 1634, and on the 3d of September next
following was admitted to be a freeman. Mr. Hutchinson (1638) married (i), Oct. 13,
1636, Catherine Hamby, of Ipswich, England, who died about 1650-1, and (2) Abigail
Vermaies, widow of Robert Button. He had by the first wife seven, and by the second
four, children. Elisha, his eldest son, joined the Artillery Company in 1660. Thomas
Savage (1637) married Faith, a sister of Edward, Jr. (1638). The latter was junior
sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1641, lieutenant in 1654, and captain in 1657. He
was deputy for Boston in 1658.

Edward Hutchinson, Jr. (1638), was disarmed in 1637, for supporting the views of
his mother, Mrs. Ann Hutchinson, and, in 1642, was sent with John Leverett (1639) on
an embassy to the Narraganset Indians. He commanded a company in the expedition
into the Nipmug country, at the commencement of King Philip's War, in 1675, under
the command of Thomas Savage (1637), his brother-in-law. Edward (1638) was
wounded in an engagement with the Indians, four or five miles from Brookfield, on the
2d of August, and died of his wounds at Marlboro, Aug. 19, 1675, aged sixty-two years.
His remains were buried in that town. "Thus he, who, with his mother, was persecuted,
poured out his blood in the service of that uncharitable country."

"To his honor, he entered his dissent against the sanguinary law of 1658, for
punishing the Quakers with death on their return to the colony after banishment."

James Johnson (1638), of Boston in 1635, a glover, was admitted to be a freeman
May 25, 1636. His wife, Margaret, died March 28, 1643, and he afterward married
Abigail, a daughter of Elder Thomas Oliver, and sister of John (1637), James (1640),
Peter (1643), and Samuel Oliver (1648). He became a member of the First Church in
Boston, April 10, 1636, and was a deacon thereof in 1655. James Johnson (1638)
owned a piece of upland and marsh, which he sold, in 1662, to Thomas Hawkins (1649),
and subsequently, having passed through several hands, it became, in 1743, the property
of Dr. William Douglass. When Dr. Douglass died, in 1754, mention is made of his
mansion house in Green Dragon Lane, which was a passage in the direction of the
present Union Street, and upon which his house abutted. Ten years later, the sister of
Douglass conveyed it to the Lodge of St. Andrew, A. F. and A. M., and it afterwards
became celebrated as the Green Dragon Tavern. Mr. Johnson (1638) also had a garden
on Tremont Street, between Winter and West, which in the early part of this century
constituted a part of the celebrated "Washington Gardens." He once owned the marsh,
corner of what is now Batterymarch Street and Liberty Square, where, in 1673, ^^as

Edward Hutchinson (1638). Authorities: captain's place of the Three County Troop, the

New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1847, '865, 1866; Court grants his request." — Kccords of Mass. Bay,

Ilurd's Hist, of Middlesex Co.; Savage's Edition of \'ol. V., />. 17.

Winlhrop's Hist.; Mather's Magnalia; Drake's Hist. "[1676] Sept. 26, Tuesday, one ey'd John,

of Boston; Report of Boston Rec. Com., 1634-1660. Malionipe, Sagamore of Quapaug, General at Lan-

May 28, 1659, "in answtr to the request of easier iVc Jtthro (the father) walk to the gallows,
the troopers lately raised in the counties of Essex, One ey'd John accuses Sag. John to have lired the
Suffolk and Middlesex, for the Courts confirmation first at Quapaug, and killed Capt. Hutchinson
of their officers, the Court judgeth it meet to allow [1638]." — Se-d'a/i's Diary, Vol. /., />. 22.
and confirm Edward Hutchinson to be their Cap- James Johnson (163S). Authorities: Re-
tain." — Records of Mass. Bay, Vol. IV., Pari /., jjort of Boston Rec. Com., 1 634-1 660; Savage'sGen.
/>. 369. Diet.; Mem. Hist, of Boston; New Eng. Hist, and

Oct. 7, 1674, " in answer to the motion of Capt Gen. Reg., 1877; and see will of Thomas Oliver,

Edward Hutchinson that he might lay down his New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1854.

HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1638-9

situated the Blue Bell Tavern, the name of which in 1692 was the Castle Tavern.
Other property belonging to James Johnson (1638) is defined in the introduction
to the Memorial History of Boston.

From the Records of the Town of Boston, 1634-60, as printed by the commis-
sioners, it appears that James Johnson (1638) was called sergeant in 1643, "liftt" in
1652, and captain in 1656. Grants of land from the town were made to him in 1636,
1637, and 1638.

Feb. 27, 1642, James Johnson (1638), with others, received permission of the
selectmen to use land " neare James Davis, his house," "for the watering of their
leather." James Davis's house was on the north side of Milk Street, at the shore. In
1660, the liberty granted to James Johnson (1638) and others, leather-dressers, was
revoked unless a rental of forty shillings per annum was paid to the town. In 1643,
his name is associated with those of the foremost in the Artillery Company. Jan. 8 of
that year, at a "general towns-meeting," it was agreed "that the Fortification begun
upon the Fort Hill, and a worke for that end some where about Walter Merryes' Point
shall be raised, For the ordering of which Capt. Keayne [1637], Capt. Hawkins [1638],
Ensigne Savage [1637], Sergt. Hutchinson [1638], Sergt. Johnson [1638], and Sergt.
Oliver [1637] " were chosen. On the i8th of March, 1644, the above mentioned,
with Capt. Gibbons (1637), were appointed by the town, to see that the work which the
town has to do at the Castle is completed, at the expense of the town. Jaimes Johnson
(1638) was third sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1644, and lieutenant in 1658.

John Johnson (1638), of Roxbury, came, probably, in the fleet with Winthrop,
bringing his wife, Margery, and several children. Margery Johnson was buried June 9,
1655, and Mr. Johnson (1638) married (2) Grace, widow of Barnabas Fawer. He
became a freeman May 18, 1631, was a deputy at the first General Court in 1634, and for
fifteen years afterwards ; consequently, was a member the year the charter of the Artil-
lery Company was granted. He was appointed surveyor-general of arms and ammunition
in 1644. He was a constable in Roxbury, chosen Oct. 19, 1630, and in July, 1632, and
was one of the founders of the church in Roxbury, of which Rev. John Eliot was the first
pastor.

Mr. Drake thus describes his estate : " Upon the westerly side of the street [Rox-
bury], beginning at the boundary line, was John Johnson's estate of eight acres, including
the ' house, barn, and houselot on the back side of his orchard, and buildings lying
together, with liberty to inclose the swamp and brook before the same, not annoying any
highway.' " He kept a tavern in Roxbury Street, and was a man of great esteem and
influence. He was one of the embryo parliament of 1632, " for every town chose two
men to be at the next court, to advise with the Governor and Assistants," etc. Of this
earliest meeting of representatives of the people were John Johnson (1638), of Roxbury;
Robert Wright (1643), of Lynn; Edward Gibbons (1637) and Abraham Palmer (1639),
of Charlestown, and William Spencer (1637), of New Town (Cambridge). He was the
person designated by the General Court as "Goodman Johnson," to whom the arms of
the Roxbury adherents to Mrs. Ann Hutchinson were to be delivered. He was appointed,
with one Woodward, Sept. 6, 1638, " if he can spare the time, or another to be got in [his]

John Johnson (1638). Authorities: Drake's Hist, of New Eng.; Drake's Gen. Diet.; New
Hist, of Roxbury; Savage's Etlition of Winthrop's Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1855 (will), 1S79.

1638-9] IIUNURAIJLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 6y

room, to lay out the most southermost part of Charles River, and to have five shiUings a
day a piece."

Under date of Feb. 6, 1645, Winthrop says, "John Johnson [1638], the Surveyor
General of Ammunition, a very industrious and faithful man in his place, having built a fair
house in the midst of the town, with divers barns and outhouses, it fell on fire in the day
time, no man knowing by what occasion, and there being in it seventeen barrels of the
country's powder, and many arms, all was suddenly burnt and blown up, to the value of
four or five hundred pounds, wherein a special providence of God appeared, for, he, being
from home, the people came together to help and many were in the house, no man
thinking of the powder till one of the company put them in mind of it, whereupon they
all withdrew, and soon after the powder took fire and blew up all about it, and shook the
houses in Boston and Cambridge, so as men thought it had been an earthquake, and
carried great pieces of timber a good way off, and some rags and such light things beyond
Boston meeting house. There being then a stiff gale south, it drove the fire from the
other houses in the town (for this was the most northerly) otherwise it had endangered
the greatest part of the town. This loss of our powder was the more observable, in two
respects : ist. Because the court had not taken that care they ought, to pay for it, having
been owing for divers years. 2d. In that, at the court before, they had refused to help
our countrymen in Virginia, who had written to us for some for their defence against the
Indians, and also to help our brethren of Plimouth in their want." At this fire the first
book of records of the town of Roxbury was destroyed.

He died Sept. 30, 1659. In his will of same date, proved Oct. 15 next following,
he gives his dwelling-house and lands to his wife during her life, and after " unto my
five children, to be equally divided, my eldest son having a double portion therein,
according to the Word of God."

He was clerk of the Artillery Coiiipany from 1638 to 1640 inclusive.

Benjamin Keayne (1638), of Boston, only son of Capt. Robert Keayne (1637), of
Boston, founder and first commander of the Artillery Company, was born in London,
and at the age of sixteen years came to America with his parents, in the " Defence," in
1635. He was admitted to be a freeman Sept. 6, 1639, having married, before June 9,
1639, Sarah, daughter of Gov. Thomas Dudley. They had one daughter, Hannah.
Savage says, " He lived a short time in Lynn," was active in the military, and became
senior sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1641. About 1644, having made "an
unhappy and uncomfortable match," as his father calls it in his famous will, Benjamin
(1638) returned to London and repudiated his wife. "This union, with other unfavor-
able circumstances," says Savage, " perhaps compelled the son to return to the land of
his fathers." He entered the service of the great Protector, and served as major in
Col. Stephen Winthrop's (1641) regiment, which was engaged in active service under
the Earl of Manchester. He died in England in i658, having made his will and signed
it in Glasgow in 1654.

Feb. 18, 1639, Benjamin Keayne (1638) was granted "a great lot at Mount Wol-
laston," and Jan. 27, 1640, two hundred acres additional "at the Mount." In the colonial

Benjamin Keayne (1638). Authorities-. Mass. Bay, VuL IV., Part 2; Whitman's Hist. A.
Savage's Gen. Diet.; Savage's Edition of Winthrop's and H. A. Company.
Hist.; Suffolli Deeds, Vols. I. and II.; Records of

68 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1638-9

records, Benjamin Keayne (1638) has the prefix of respect, and, as no aspersions against
him are on record, it is probable that his life was darkened and made sorrowful by an
unfortunate marriage. Letters from him, written to his "Worshipful, honored father
Thomas Dudley," and to "Mr. John Cotton," dated London, 1646 and 1647, are
given in the Records of Suffolk Deeds, Liber I , pp. 83, 84. The property owned by
Benjamin Keayne (1638) in Lynn is defined in the book last mentioned, pp. iii, 112,
and 147.

Sarah (Dudley) Keayne was disciplined by the church in November, 1646, and was
excommunicated in October, 1647. She was sadly degraded, and after the repudiation
seems to have lived with one Pacey. Who he was, his given name, residence, or calling,
are alike unknown. Gov. Dudley and Capt. Robert Keayne (1637) give us no infor-
mation, though both mention her in their wills.

Capt. Keayne (1637), in his will, says, "My minde & will further is that whatsoever
I have given in this my will to my Grandchild Hannah Keayne as hir legacy & portion,
whether it be the first three hundred pounds or any other gift that may befall hir out of
my estate by vertue of this my will be so ordered & disposed that hir unworthy mother
(sometimes the unnaturall & unhappy wife of my son, that proud & disobedient daughter-
in-law to my selfe & wife) M''' Sarah Dudley now Sarah Pacye may have no part or benefit
in or by what I have thus bestowed upon her daughter."

It is recorded in Boston Town Books: "September 25, 1654, Mr. John Floyd is
hereby fined five shillings for Receiving Mrs Pacey into his house as inmate " ; also,
"April 27, 1655, Mis[tress] Pacy is admitted an inhabitant, provided M'' Bradstreet, or
John Johnson (1638) and William Parkes (1638) of Roxbury give security to save the
towne from all charges that may arise by her."

Sarah (Dudley) (Keayne) Pacy died Nov. 3, 1659, when her estate, as by inventory
sworn to by Capt. James Johnson (1638), was less than ten pounds. It was given by
the court to her daughter, Hannah Keayne.

Hannah, the only child of Major Benjamin Keayne (1638), was well provided for
by her grandfather, Capt. Robert Keayne (1638), who appointed guardians to assist his
wife " to dispose of her for her future education unto some such wise and godly mistress
or family, where she may have her carnal disposition most of all subdued and reformed
by strict discipline ; and also that they would show like care and assist in seasonable
time to provide some fit and godly match proportionate to her estate and condition that
she may live comfortable and be fit to do good in her place, and not to suffer her to be
circumvented or to cast away hers, upon some swaggering gentleman or other, that will
look more after the enjoyment [of] what she hath, than live in the fear of God and true
love to her." Hannah Keayne, granddaughter of Capt. Robert (1637), was married Dec.
II, 1657, by Gov. John Endicott, to Edward Lane, a merchant from London. In Suffolk
Deeds, Liber III., p. 77, is given an instrument called "Articles of Agreement had mad
Concluded vpon by and betweene Anna Keayne Widdow late wife of Cap' Robert Keayne
of Boston ra'chant, and . . . Edw'' Lane of Boston aforesaid m''chant (who is shortly to
marry with Anna Keayne Grandchild to the Late Robert Keayne and Anna his wife) in
Reference to the said Anna Keayne the Elder her surrendering vp in Open Court hir
executrix ship to the said last will and Testament of the said Robert Keayne to the said
Edward Lane," etc. This agreement was duly signed Nov. 28, 1657. Edward Lane
came from London to Boston in 1656, aged thirty-six, having bought, in 165 1, an estate
in Boston of Capt. Robert Harding (1637). Edward and Hannah (Keayne) Lane had

"^3S--9] HONORABI,E ARTILLERY COMPANY. 69

two children, Ann and Edward, the former dying in infancy. In 1663, he sold his
property in Maiden, and died soon after.' Edward Lane, Jr., born 1662, became Edward
Paige, and died in Leyden, and was buried there. His grave was discovered by Rev.
Dr. Dexter.

Nicholas Paige (1693) came from Plymouth, England, to Boston, in 1665. He
soon after married Hannah, widow of Edward Lane, and daughter of Benjamin Keayne
(1638). He was a prominent citizen, active in military matters, and in 1695 was
captain of the Artillery Company. His wife, the granddaughter of Capt. Robert Keayne
(1637), seems not to have improved upon the generous bequests and earnest advice of
her anxious grandparent. She inherited a large share of her mother's weakness and
wickedness ; was indicted, and after disagreement by the jury, was, at the General Court
in May, 1666, found "guilty of much wickedness"; but great lenity was extended
toward her, for, having confessed her offences, she was discharged. She died, June
30, 1704,- and her husband survived her twelve and a half years.

The General Court was not unmindful of the generosity of Capt. Robert Keayne
(1637):-

" Boston, this day of ffebruary 1674.

" Whereas, y' Generall Court of this Massachusetts Colony gave unto y' late M"'' Anne
Cole, y'' Relict & Executrix of y"" late Cap' Robert Keayne, five hundred acres of land,
as they did also five hundred acres ^ to M" Anna Lane, y"' Grandchild of y" late Robert
& Anne Keayne, as in consideration in y" Records is exprest, John Wilson, Pastor of
y" church at Medfield, Nephew to y' s" Anna Cole, formerly Keayne, doth depose &
say y' in a short time after y'' s'' five hundred acres was layed out unto his above-
mentioned Aunt, & confirmed to hir by the s'' Court, as their records may appeare, his
s'' aunt M'''' Anne Cole, formerly Keayne, not once only but seuerally times. Spake to
him & desired him to take notice & remember y' she had given and did give her
above mentioned farme to her Nephew, John Mansfield, y' son of y'^^ late M"- John
Mansfield, hir onely Brother y' dyed lately at charlestowne, & y' he should have at
his owne dispose foreuer & y' he perceiued his s'' aunts mind, (on) such was intent &
solicitous about it & further saith not.

" Mf John Wilson & Edward Weeden made oath to the testimony above written,
ffeb 1 1, 1674-5

" Before us — " Edward Tyng

"WiLLUM StOUGHTON."

' May 7, 1659, Edward Lane sold to Robert ily there. Note By my order, the diggers of Mm.

Turner (1643) a part of " Capt Keaynes Orchard," Paiges Tomb dugg a Grave for Lambert he was laid

between Milk and State streets, back from Wash- in the old burying place." — Sa^lPs Diary.
ington. The Governor mentioned liy Judge Sewall was

'"June 30, 1704. As the Governor sat at Joseph Dudley (1677), son of Gov. Thomas Dudley,
Council Table 'twas told him Madam Paige was consequently was uncle to " Mrs. Paige."
dead. He clap'd his hands, and quickly went out, Mrs. Paige resided at the corner of State and
and returned not to the Chamber again ; but ordered Washington streets, on the site of the present office
Mr. Secretary to prorogue the Court till the i6th of of the P.oston & Maine Railroad.
August, which Mr. Secretary did by going into the Robert Keayne C1637) says in his will, concern-
House of Deputies. James Hawkins certifies us ing his gramldaughter, " I know her father will have
Madam Paiges death; he was to make a Tomb. a good Estate & having yet no other child but she,

"July 2d, Lord's Day. Madam Page is buried will be able to give her more than she will deserve."

from her own house where Mrs. Perry is Tenant, — Sec Bosloii fiiwk of Possessions, 2,/ Re/'orl, 2,/

between 6 and 7 p. m. Bearers Lt. Govr. Povey, Par/, /. 79. "A'eayne's Gnrtleii"
Usher, Sewall, Addington, Col. Phillips, Foxcroft; ■' Granted, 1659-60, in consequence of Capt.

Rings and Scarves. The Govr. his Lady and fam- Keayne's liberal donations to the country.

70 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1638-9

Eleazer Lusher (1638), of Dedham in 1637, a husbandman, became a freeman
March 13, 1639. He was elected a representative in 1640, and for the twelve years
following. In 1662, he was chosen an assistant, and was continued in that office until his
decease, Nov. 13, 1672. He was made captain of the military company in that town,
when the militia was reorganized in 1644, and succeeded Gen. Humfrey Atherton (1638)
as sergeant-major of the Suffolk Regiment in 1656, which office he also held at the time of
his decease. He was second sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1644 and 1645,
ensign in 1646, and its lieutenant in 1647. Johnson (1637), in his Wonder- Working
Providence, says of Major Lusher, " He was one of a nimble and active spirit, strongly
affected to the ways of truth — one of the right stamp, and pure metal, a gracious,
humble and heavenly minded man."

Dedham was settled in September, 1635; but little progress was made until July,
1637, when John AUin, the minister, Major Lusher (1638), and. ten others, bringing
recommendations, were at the same time admitted townsmen, and they gave a more
decided character to the place. Major Lusher (1638) was one of the founders of the
first church there, and long continued one of their chief town officers. " He maintains,"
says Mr. Worthington, "an eminent rank among the founders of the town." " He was
a leading man all his lifetime, and directed all the most important affairs of Dedham.
The full and perfect records which he kept, the proper style of his writings, above all, the
peace and success of the plantation, which had the wisdom to employ him, are good
evidences of his merit, and that his education had been superior to that of all other
citizens, the minister excepted."

He was an influential and useful member of the House of Deputies. When Charles
H. was restored to the English throne, great fears began to be entertained in the colony
that its charter and liberties might be violated by the new administration. In 1662, a
large committee was appointed to consider the perilous state of affairs then existing, and
advise the General Court in the measures to be adopted. Major Lusher (1638), with
other leading spirits of the Artillery Company, were on that committee, and safely guided
the colony between the King and the Protector. He was also one of the commissioners,
with Mr. Danforth and John Leverett (1639), selected to repair to Dover and allay
the discontent and settle the differences ; which resulted in success.

His death is noticed in the church records, as quoted in Mr. Dexter's Century
Sermon: "Maj. Eleazer Lusher, a man sound in the faith, of great holiness, and
heavenlymindedness, who was of the first foundation of this church, and had been of
great use (as in the Commonwealth, so in the church) especially after the death of the
reverend pastor thereof, (Allin) departed this life Nov. 13th, 1672." He gained the name
of the " nimble-footed Captain." The following saying was repeated frequently by the
generation which immediately succeeded Major Lusher : —

" When Lusher was in office, all things went well;
But how they go since, it shames us to tell."

This applied particularly to town affairs, and especially to the schools, which are said to
have degenerated.

His will, dated Sept. 20, 1672, was proved Jan. 28, 1672-3. His widow died very
soon after; and, at her death, the property was inventoried, Feb. 6, 1672-3, at ^507
19^. iirt'.

Eleazer Lusher (1638). Authorities: Savage's Gen. Diet. ; Records of Dedham; Dedham Reg-
ister; Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A. Company.

1638-9] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 7 1

Thomas Makepeace (1638), of Dorchester, was one of the so-called secoml emi-
gration, which occurred in 1635. Sept. 25, 1637, the selectmen of Boston agreed that
"Mr. Thomas Makepeace [1638] shall have ahouseplott and gardingplace." He located
on Hanover Street, near Court. In 1638, he bought, in the town of Dorchester, a house
and land of John Leavitt, who had moved to Hingham. Mr. Makepeace (1638)
married for his second wife, in 1641, Elizabeth, widow of Oliver Mellows. He was a
man of prominence, and had the prefi.x " Mr." ; but these did not prevent his being
brought before the court (1638), perhaps at the instigation of the clergy. That body
labored and decided, "Mr. Thomas Makepeace [1638], because of his novel disposition,
was informed, we were weary of him, unless he reforme." He was an early friend ' of
free schools, and was one of those citizens of Dorchester who agreed to a direct tax for
the support of a free school in that town. In 1641, he was one of the patentees of
Dover, N. H., and signed the petition to come under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts.
In 1654, he was in the Narraganset expedition against the Indians. At this time he was
about sixty-two years of age.

In 1664, William Stoughton bought the real estate of Thomas Makepeace (1638) in
Dorchester, and the latter took up his residence in Boston. His dwelling-house was
on the corner of Hanover and Elm streets, supposed to be the one John Underhill
(1637) surrendered to Mr. Makepeace (1638) in 1639. His will was dated June 30,
1666, and he died at Boston in January or February, 1666-7, his will being presented
for probate March 8, 1666-7.

Edward Mitchelson (1638), of Cambridge, came to New England in 1635. In
1639, he bought of Major Simon Willard the estate at the southeast corner of Dunster
and Winthrop streets, where he probably resided until Oct. 29, 1650, when he bought the
estate of Major Samuel Shepard (1640), on the southerly side of Harvard Square, extending
from Holyoke Street to Bow Street, which was thenceforth his dwelling-place. In 1637,
he was appointed marshal-general of the colony, which ofifice, similar in many respects
to that of high sheriff, he held through life. The fees and his "stipend" of ten pounds
per year were established by the General Court in November, 1637. Savage states that
" he had the sad office of executing the Quakers."

In April, 1668, a stated salary was fixed, instead of fees : "The Court, on weighty
reasons moving them thereunto, having by their order, this Court, disposed of the annual
recompense of Edward Michelson [1638], Marshal General, to the public use and
advantage, judge it necessary to provide for so ancient a servant of this Court some
comfortable maintenance instead thereof, that so no discouragement may rest upon him,
do therefore order, that the said Marshal General Edward Michelson [1638] shall be
allowed and paid ^^50 per annum out of the Country Treasury, in lieu thereof, by the

Thomas Makepeace (163S). Authorities: Mitchelson, Marshall-general is Buried." — Sm'n//

New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg, 1S51, 1861 (will), papers. Vol. II., p. 14.

1876; Hist, of Dorchester, by Dorchester Antiq. and ' Other citizens of Dorchester, members of the

Hist. Soc; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Second Report of Military Company of the Massachusetts, who united

Boston Rec. Com.; Court Records, \'ol. I., p. 240, with others in support of its early school, were

quoted in Savage's Winthrop. Israel Stoughton (1637), Nathaniel Duncan (163S),

Edward Mitchelson (1638). Authorities: Thomas Hawkins (163S), John Ilolnian (1637),

Paige's Hist, of Cambridge; Savage's Gen. Diet. William Blake (1646), William Clarke (1646),

"Mr. Mitchelson held the office of Marshal- Humfrey Atherton{'i638), RogerClap(l646), Hope-
General until 16S1 when he died and was succeeded still Foster (1642), Jeremiah Howchin (1641), Rich-
by his son-in-law John Green." — AVtoro'i 0/ yl/rt«. ard Baker (165S), John Capen (1646), Nicholas
Bay, Vol. /., /. 217. Upshall (1637), Thomas Jones (1643), Richard

"Tuesday, March 8, 16S0-1. Mr Edward Collicott (1637).

72 HISTORY OF THK ANCIENT AND [163S-9

Treasurer for the time being." Mr. Mitchelson (1638) died March 7, 1680-1, aged
seventy-seven years. His daughter, EUzabeth, born Aug. 29, 1646, married Theodore
Atkinson, Jr., son of Theodore Atkinson (1644). Theodore, Jr., a sergeant in Capt.
Davenport's (1639) company at Narragansett, was killed by the Indians in the great fight
of Dec. 19, 1675. His widow, Elizabeth (Mitchelson) Atkinson, married, Nov. 15, 1676,
Capt. Henry Deering (16S2).

John Moore (1638), of Cambridge, was admitted to be a freeman Dec. 8, 1636.
About 1637 he bought of Humphrey Vincent, who had removed to Ipswich, a house and
garden on the southerly side of Winthrop Street, between Dunster and Brighton streets,
together with sundry lots of land. He was a constable in 1639, and owned the above
estate as late as 1642.

Abraham IVIorrill (1638), of Cambridge, in 1632 came, perhaps, in the " Lion," with
his brother Isaac (1638). In 1635, he resided on the westerly side of Brighton Street,
near the spot occupied by the old Porter Tavern. He removed, with the original pro-
prietors, to Salisbury, where, in 1650, only four men were taxed for more thap he. He
probably moved to Salisbury in 1641, as in that year a house-lot was granted him on the
"Green" (East Salisbury). Jan. 25, 1642, sixty acres of land were granted to him and
Henrie Saywood, to build a "corn-mill." No other mill was to be built so long as this
one ground all the corn the people needed. This mill was situated at what is now called
the " Mills," Amesbury. He is believed to have moved from the " Green," and owned
and occupied a house on Bailey's Hill, Amesbury, a most sightly place, taking in the
sinuous Merrimack from Pipe-Stave Hill to Deer Island, while, at its foot, among the
ancient elms, nestle the hamlets of " Point-shore," so called. The cellar of his house is
still visible. He was a blacksmith by trade, and so many of his descendants having
chosen that art, the family has been humorously called " of the Tubal Cain fraterfiity."

He married Sarah Midgett, sister of Thomas Midgett, the ship-builder. By her he
had seven children, at least. In the inventory of his estate are included four guns and
blacksmith's tools.

" The death of Abraham Morrill," Mr. Merrill says, in his History of Amesbury,
" one of the most prominent men of the old town, may with propriety be mentioned
here [1662], as his descendants have largely helped to people the town. He died
previous to Oct. 14, when his will was proved. He was among the first to settle the new
territory, and his house-lot was near the residence now occupied as a parsonage at East
Salisbury."

He died at Roxbury while on a visit to his late brother's home, June 20, 1662. His
estate inventoried ;^507.

Whittier, in his poem to Quaker Morrison, makes the latter say : —

" Ensign Morrill and his son.
See the wonders they have done."

The family of the ancient trainer, Abraham Morrill (1638), through every generation
have been noted for their enterprise, whether in iron, fish, cloth, nails, coasting vessels,

John Moore (1638). Authorities: Paige's Savage's Gen. Diet.; Merrill's Hist, of Amesbury;
Hist, of Cambridge; Savage's Gen. Diet. Paige's Hist, of Cambridge; New Eng. Hist, and

Abraham Morrill (1638). Authorities: Gen. Reg., 1854.

•638-9] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMRANV. 73

farming, or trade. In the business iiistory of Salisbury and Amesbury, the ancient and
honorable soldier of the Artillery Company and his numerous descendants have made a
most noble record.

Isaac Morrill (1638), brother of Abraham (1638), born in 1588, came to America,
with his wife and two daughters, in the "Lion," arriving here Sept. 16, 1632. He
settled in Roxbury, and was admitted to be a freeman March 4, 1633. His homestead
in Roxbury was on the Dorchester road, between Washington and Warren streets. He
was a blacksmith, and Mr. Drake says, "One of his two forges belonged in 1720 to his
great-grandson, Samuel Stevens, the grandfather of Joseph Warren."

Drake, in his History of Roxbury, thus refers to Isaac Morrill, and the Roxbury
train-band : " Among the distinguishing traits of our ancestors was their attention to
military affairs. Arms were a common possession. Those of Isaac Morrill [1638], of
Roxbury, hung up in his parlor, were, a musket, a fowling-piece, three swords, a pike, a
half-pike, a corselet, and two belts of bandoleers. All males between sixteen and sixty
were required to be provided with arms and ammunition. The arms of private soldiers
were pikes, muskets, and swords. The muskets had matchlocks or firelocks, and to each
one there was a pair of bandoleers or pouches for powder and bullets, and a stick called
a ' rest,' for use in taking aim. The pikes were ten feet in length, besides the spear at
the end. For defensive armor, corselets were worn, and coats quilted with cotton.

" The train-band had not less than sixty-four, nor more than two hundred men,
and twice as many musketeers as pikemen, the latter being of superior stature. Its
officers were a captain, lieutenant, ensign, and four sergeants. The commissioned officers
carried swords, partisans or leading staves, and sometimes pistols. The sergeants bore
lialberds. The flag of the colony bore the red cross of St. George in one corner, upon a
white field, the pine-tree, the favorite emblem of New England, being in one corner of
the four spaces formed by the cross. Company trainings were ordered at first every
Saturday, then every month, then eight times a year. ' The training to begin at one of
the clock of the afternoon.' The drum was their only music."

The Auchmuty estate, of fourteen acres, on the old turnpike, and the " fox holes,"
so called, containing twenty-six acres, were parts of the Isaac Morrill (1638) estate.

In the Roxbury Land Records, Sixth Report of the Boston Record Commissioners,
Isaac Morrill's (1638) is the seventh property enumerated, consisting of " hvo houses,
two forges, one barn with out housing and two orchards and a swamp," and ten lots of
land, including "fox holes" and " smithfeild."

According to the Roxbury Church Records, " Isaac Morell [1638] an aged brother,"
died Dec. 21, 1661.

David Offley (1638), of Boston, is mentioned in the town records, June i, 1638,
when he was permitted to buy Samuel Wilbore's house and garden-plot; and again,
Sept. 30, 1639, when Mr. David Offley (1638) was granted "a great Lott at Muddy
River, for 15 heads," implying a very large family. The Boston Book of Possessions
locates his homestead on the south side of Essex Street, the third lot east from Wash-
ington, which extended south to the cove. In 1643, he removed to Plymouth.

Isaac Morrill C1638). Authorities: Savage's Gen. Diet.; 4 Mass. Hist. Coll., Vol. H., p. 119;

Gen. Diet.; Drake's }Iist. of Roxbury; New Eng. Plymouth Colony Records, Vol. IL; Report of

Hist, and Gen. Reg., I S57. Boston Rec. Com., 1634-1660.

David Offley (163S). Authorities: Savage's

HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1638-9

There is but one reference to Mr. Offley (1638) in the Plymouth Colony Records,
viz. : " Whereas Mr. David Offley did by warrant sumon Thomas Payne, of Yarmouth, to
appeare here to answere to a suite, and had neither entred action against him nor
appoynted any to psecute for him, but onely to vex the said Payne, & put him to
charges, the Court doth order and award the said David Offley to pay the said Thomas
Payne xij« according to the rate of ij" p day for vj dayes."

Abraham Palmer (1638), of Charlestown, a merchant from London, who there
joined the company of the patentees of Massachusetts in 1628, was the last signer
of the instructions sent to Gov. Endicott on the 30th of April, 1629. He gave fifty
pounds to advance the interests of the enterprise, and, in 1629, he himself embarked
for America, probably with Higginson and the Spragues (1638), arriving at Salem in
June, and early in the next July removed with about one hundred other persons,
including Ralph and Richard Sprague (1638), from Salem to Charlestown.

He was one of the founders of the First Church in Charlestown, Aug. 27, 1630
(which became the First ChuTch in Boston), and was admitted to be a freeman May 18,
1 63 1. He was a member of the first assembly of representatives, in 1634, and also of the
next four assemblies. In 1637, during the Pequot War, twelve Charlestown men, under
Sergt. Abraham Palmer (1638), rendered efficient service in Capt. Mason's company,
and, in 1638, he began the compilation of the Charlestown Book of Possessions, which
was printed as the Third Report of the Boston Record Commissioners. His homestead
consisted of "Three Acres of land by estimation, more or less, scituate and lying in the
high feilde, butting to the north and east upon mistick river, . . . with A Dwelling house
and other aptinances thereunto belonging." He also possessed thirteen other pieces of
land. He was town clerk in 1638, and faithfully served his townsmen in civil and
military positions.

Winthrop, under date of June 18, 1636, wrote: "We granted Mr. Palmer [1638],
a demiculverin in exchange for a sacre, of Mr. Walton's, which was ready mounted at
Castle Island, being, by the opinion of Mr. Pierce and some others, better for us than
the demiculverin. We had 100 wt of shot, and some wires and sponges into the
bargain."

In 1652, he sailed in the "Mayflower," of Boston, for Barbadoes, on a business
venture, with Edward Burt. He died there in 1653, and Lieut. Thomas Lathrop (1645)
was appointed administrator of Mr. Palmer's (1638) estate.

William Parke (1638), of Roxbury, eldest son of Robert Parke, of New London,
Conn., in 1649, "whose barn was the first place of worship" in the latter town, came
to America in the "Lion," arriving at Boston in February, 1630. He was one of the
founders of the Roxbury church, in July, 1632, and for many years a deacon ; was repre-
sentative in 1635, and for the thirty-two following years was frequently a selectman,
and held other important trusts, both public and private. Edward Johnson (1637),

Abraham Palmer (1638). Authorities: "William Parke, he came to N. E. in the 12th

New Eng. Hist, anil Gen. Reg., 1853; Savage's month, 1630, a single man, & was one of the first in

Gen. Diet.; FrothinghanVs Hist, of Charlestown. the church at Rocksborough ; he afterwards married

William Parke (1638). Authorities: Sav- Martha Holgrave, the daughter of Ilolgrave

age's Gen. Diet.; Sixth lieport of Boston Rec. of Sale [Salem?]." — /i'<-z/. John Eliofs Record of

Com.; Drake's Hist, of Roxbury. Church Mcfiihcrs.

iC>3S-9] HONORABl.E ARTILLERY COMPANY. 75

in his Wonder-Working Providence, calls him "a man of pregnant understanding very
useful in his place, and one of the first in the church of Roxbury."

He died May ii, 1685, aged seventy-eight years, being, as expressed in his will,
"old and weake of body but of perfect understanding, according to the measure
received." He had no sons, but two daughters, into whose hands, and those of his
grandchildren, his large property passed after his decease. The Weld estate was
originally the property of Deacon William Parke (1638). His property is narrated in
Roxbury I^and Records, the sixth volume of the Report of the Boston Record
Commissioners.

Richard Parker (1638), of Boston, a merchant, was in Boston in August, 1638, but
the date of his arrival is not known. He was admitted to be a freeman June 2, 1641 ;
was allowed to be an inhabitant of Boston Sept. 30, 1639 ; had a grant of " four hundred
acres at the Mount, besides the hundred acres given to the Wharf, Feb. 24, 1639,"
which was afterwards, June 29, 1640, cancelled, and five hundred acres were granted
him " upon Monotacott River, next to Benjamin Keayne's farm." He held several
minor town offices prior to 1651, when he was elected selectman, at the close of which
term of service his name disappears from the records. The Book of Possessions locates
the lot of Richard Parker (1638) as on the water-line west of Sudbury Street.

William Perkins (1638), of Roxbury, son of William and Catherine Perkins, of
London, England, was born Aug. 25, 1607, and came to America in the "William and
Francis," leaving London March 9, 1632. In March, 1633, with the illustrious John
Winthrop, Jr., and eleven others, he began the settlement of Ipswich. He was admitted
a freeman Sept 3, 1634, and in the list of estates of inhabitants in Roxbury, made out
between 1636 and 1640, he is recorded as possessing twenty-five and a half acres of land.
The Perkins farm passed, about 1712, into the possession of Samuel Curtis. The street
north of Jamaica Pond, leadifig to Brookline, called in early times Connecticut Lane, was
named Perkins Street in honor of William Perkins (1638). He married, in Roxbury,
Aug. 30, 1636, Elizabeth Wooten. In 1643, he removed to Weymouth, and was repre-
sentative for that town in 1644. He was early identified with the militia, and became
captain in 1645, about which time he removed probably to Gloucester, as his daughter,
Mary, was born there. May 17, 1652. In naming "the residents, or proprietors of the
soil," in Gloucester, between 1633 and 1650, Richard Eddy, D. D , records a " Capt.
Perkins." He also says, in his sketch of Gloucester, in the History of Essex County,
p. 1305, "A year later [1650], William Perkins removed from Weymouth to Gloucester,
and became the ' teaching elder.' He remained five years, when he removed to Tops-
field." Savage says, " Mr. Perkins preached from 165 1 to 1655, and became the second
minister of Topsfield."

Sidney Perley, in the "History of Essex County, says, "In 1640, he [Mr. William
Perkins] visited his native country, but soon returned, and preached to a small band of
worshippers living in Weymouth. He removed to Gloucester in 1646, and preached
there from 1650 to 1655, when he came to Topsfield. Here, after preaching till 1663,

Richard Parker (1638). Authorities: 566, Art., Ipswich; same, Vol. II., Art., TnpslicUl;

Drake's Ilist. of lioston; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Drake's Hist, of Koxhury,

Boston Records. p. 403; New Eng. Ilist. and Gen. Reg , Vol. X.,

William Perkins (1638). Authorities: pp. 211, 212.
Hist, of Essex Co., by Hamilton ITurd, \n]. I., p.

"je HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1638-9

he spent the remainder of his hfe in the calm pursuits of husbandry. Among the early
settlers of the town, he was probably the most accomplished person. He was a scholar
[but where he was educated does not appear], and a man of business, — a farmer, a
clergyman, a soldier, and a legislator." In 1661 and 1664, when lands "on the south
side of the river," in Topsfield were divided, " nr perkins " or " m'' william perkeings "
is recorded as receiving a share. He died in Topsfield, May 21, 1682, aged seventy-
four years.

Arthur Perry (1638), of Boston in 1638, a tailor, came to America in 1635 or 1636,
and was admitted a freeman May 13, 1640. By wife, Elizabeth, he had six children,
all born in Boston, among whom was Seth, born March 7, 1639, who joined the Artillery
Company in 1662. Arthur Perry (1638) died Oct. 9, 1652.

Arthur Perry (1638), long known as the town drummer, was an important personage
in the embryo city, as in the absence of church bells he called the people to their
meeting-houses for worship on Sundays, and for the lectures on Thursdays. Also, he
proclaimed the laws, gave notice of town meetings, auction sales, the departure of
vessels, and advertised rooms for rent, children lost and found, and new importations
of dry and other goods.

It is in connection with this public duty that he is mentioned several times in the
Records of the Town of Boston, 1634-60. His name is first mentioned in those records
Dec. 10, 1638, when the selectmen, of whom Capt. Robert Keayne (1637) was one,
agreed with Arthur Perry (1638) that he should be allowed, yearly, for his drumming to
the Company upon all occasions, the sum of ^5,' to be paid by the town. Feb. 28,
1641, he was paid ^4 loj'. "for his service in drumming the last yeare," and Sept. 25,
1643, he was paid ^9 for drumming "this last yeare and halfe." He was remunerated
by the town for his continued services July 29, 1644, Dec. 2, 1644, and is mentioned
the last time Sept. 29, 1645, when he was paid ^5 "for last yeares service in drumming,
ending on the last of si.xt month last past, and thirty shillings for drumheads." To guard
against the liability of being without a " drummer," " It is agreed betweene the select
men on the Townes behalfe, and Hugh Williams [1644] and George Clifford:" at a
general town meeting, Nov. 27, 1643, "That Nathaniel Newgate [1646], Apprentize
to the said Hugh Williams [1644] and George Clifford [1644] aforesaid, shall doe all
Comon service in druming for the Towne on trayning dayes and watches. The sayd
George for these three yeares next ensueing, and the said Nathaniel for these foure
yeares next ensueing, in Consideration whereof the Towne will be at the charges of their
learning skill in druming.

"It's further agreed with Arthur Perry [1638] that he shall give his Best diligence
in Teaching the sayd George Clifford [1644] and Nathaniel Newgate [1646] in all the
skill and use of the drum needfull to all common service in /iiilitary Affayres, in consid-
eration whereof he shall have foure pounds payd to him within six mo : next ensuing."

On the 29th of July, 1644, "The Constables of this Towne are appointed to pay
foure pounds ten shillings unto Arthur Perry [1638], part of seaven pounds due to him
for his service in Druming until the first day of the first month last past, and for teaching
the use of the drumme according to agreement made with him on 27 of 9, 1643."

Arthur Perry (1638). Authorities: Savage's ' Mem. Hist, of Boston, Vol. I., p. 510 (note).

Gen. Diet.; Report of Boston Records, 1 634-1 660. says his pay was to be £1 per year.

1638-9] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. ■] J

According to the Records of the Town of Boston, on the 25th of November, 1639,
the town voted: "Our brother Arthure Pury [1638] hath leave to sell his house and
garding to Silvester Saunders " ; and Dec. 30, 1639, he was granted a great lot for se\en
heads at the Mount; also, Feb. 24, 1639-40, the selectmen granted him a " housplott "
in Boston.

His residence was on School Street, nearly opposite the present City Hall, and he
owned other property in the town. He was drummer for the Artillery Company from
1638 to 1651.

Robert Saltonstall (1638), brother of Richard, and second son of Sir Richard, was
born about 16 14, and came to America in 1630, with Gov. Winthrop. He was the
superintendent of his father's interests in this country, and owned large estates in
Connecticut, as well as in Massachusetts. Robert (1638) was at Windsor, Conn., in
1640-2. He pursued the profession of the law, as his name is found as an advocate
in the courts of justice, and at a session of the General Court, " i mo. 1647-48," "Mr.
Robt Saltonstall is fined five pound & is debarred from pleading in other mens causes
in any Corte of justice, except himself have real interest therein." Savage says, " He
allowed Francis Stiles to lead him into great useless expense from which both suffered
inconvenience to their dying day." Robert Saltonstall (163S) was never admitted a
freeman, probably because he was not disposed to conform to the rigid discipline of the
Puritan church. He was energetic and enterprising, active in public matters, as well as
attending to the large interests of his father. He was also a petitioner, in 1641, for
Dover to come under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts. He died unmarried, in July,
1650, and his will, of June 13, was proved Aug. 15 of that year.

Robert Saunders (1638), of Cambridge from 1636 to 1652, removed to Boston,
and then to Dorchester, where he died. Letters of administration on his estate were
granted March 13, 1682-3.

He was admitted to be a freeman May 23, 1639, and lived in Cambridge, on the
southeast corner of Mount Auburn and Dunster streets. He was admitted to be an
inhabitant of Boston May 30, 1653.

In 1661, his name is given in the tax-list of Dorchester, and in 1670-1, March 13,
Robert Saunders (1638) was appointed "to keepe the key of the pound till the Select
men take furder order." In 1677, the selectmen granted him "fower load" of wood,
and his needs in his advanced age were further supplied by the town of Dorchester.

Robert Scott (1638), of Boston, became a member of the First Church Dec. 15,
1633, then a "servant to our bro. John Sandford." He probably, therefore, came over
with Winthrop, and was admitted a freeman Dec. 6, 1636. He died in February, 1654.
He had a "great lot for twelve heads" granted him at the Mount, Feb. 19, 1637-8, and,

Robert Saltonstall (1638). Authorities: Robert Saunders (1638). Authorities:

New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1S53 (will), 1879; Paige's Hist, of Cambridge; Hist, of Dorchester, by

Bond's Watertown; Suffolk Deeds, Liber L; Rec- Antiq. and Hist. Soc; Bond's Watertown; Sav-

ords of Mass. Bay, Vol. \\., p. 133; Savage's Gen. age's Gen. Diet.
Diet. Robert Scott (1638). Authorities: New

"Mr Robt Saltonstall is fined 5 shs for present- Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1854, for inventory of

ing his petition [to the General Court] in so small his estate; Savage's Edition of Winthrop's Hist.;

and bad a peece of paper." — /v'lru^fA of Mass. Savage's Gen. Diet.; Report of Boston Rec. Com.,

Bay, Vol. II; p. 76. 1 634- 1 660.

78 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1638-9

in 1640, two hundred acres additional, without allowance for " rockienes or swampe."
In 1649-50, he is called in the Town Records, "Sergaint," and in 1652-3, "Ensign."
His house was near State Street, between Congress and Devonshire, and fronted on the
court, east of the original first meeting-house, on which Isaac Addington (:6S2), the
colonial secretary, lived at a later time. His garden extended south on Pudding Lane,
now Devonshire Street. He was clerk of the Artillery Company in 1645.

Ralph Sprague (1638), son of Edward Sprague, a fuller of Upway, County Dorset,
England, is said by Felt, in his Annals of Salem, to have come to America in the ship
" Abigail," with Mr. Endicott, leaving Weymouth June 20, and arriving at Salem Sept. 6,
1628. "After Mr. Endicott arrived at Naumkeag [Salem], he commissioned Messrs.
Ralph, Richard and William Sprague and others to explore the country about Mishawum,
now Charlestown. Here they met with a tribe of Indians, called Aberginians. By the
consent of these, they commenced a plantation." He and his wife Joan were members
of the First Church, Boston, but, with thirty-one others, were dismissed Oct. 14, 1632,
"to enter into a new church body at Charlestown." He was a brother of Richard
Sprague (1638), and father of Richard (1681). He became a freeman Oct. 19, 1630,
and was the first person chosen to the office of constable at Charlestown, in 1630. He
was active in military matters, and successively became sergeant in 1634, ensign in 1646,
lieutenant in 1647, and captain. He represented Charlestown in the General Court in
May, 1635, and afterwards, — in all for nine years, — being a deputy when the charter of
the Artillery Company was granted.

He was one of the first selectmen of Charlestown, chosen Feb. 10, 1634. His
homestead, consisting of one acre of " earable land, . . . with a Dwelling house upon it
and other aptinances," was situated " at the east end of the comon, butting south and
west upon the highway," having Mystic River on the northeast. The Charlestown Land
Records, p. 53, describe twelve (1638) different pieces of real estate as the possession
of Ralph Sprague.

He died in November, 1650.

Richard Sprague (163S), of Charlestown, third son of Edward, of Upway, England,
came over with his brother Ralph (1638), and with him moved from Salem to Charles-
town. He is in the list of the members of the First Church, and was admitted a free-
man May 18, 1 63 1. With his wife, he was dismissed therefrom in October, 1632, to
form a new church at Charlestown.

In 1637, he was an adherent of Mr. Wheelwright, and signed the remonstrance
against the proceeding of the court; but, on expressing his regret, his signature was
erased. He was active in military matters, and one of the leading citizens of the new
town. Mr. Everett, in his address commemorative of the bicentennial of the arrival of
Winthrop at Charlestown, in speaking of the three brothers, Ralph (1638), Richard
(1638), and William Sprague, says they were "the founders of the settlement in this

Ralph Sprague (1638). AuTHORrriES: Felt's Richard Sprague (163S). Authorities:

Annals of Salem; Frothingham's Hist, of Charles- Frothingham's Hist, of Charlestown; Wyman's

town; Wyman's Genealogies and Estates of Charles- Geneal gies and P'states, Charlestown; Felt's An-

town; Winthrop's Hist, of New Eng., Savage's nals of Salem; Hurd's Hist, of Middltse.x Co.;

Edition; Hurd's Hist, of Middlesex Co.; Mem. Hist. Savage's Gen. Diet.; Third Report, Boston Rec.

of Boston; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Third Report, Com; Mem. Hist, of Boston; Genealogy of Sprague

Boston Rec. Com. ; Genealogy of Sprague Family. Family.

■638-9] HONORAliLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 79

place," and " were persons of character, substance and enterprise ; excellent citizens ;
generous public benefactors; and the heads of a very large and respectable family of
descendants. ' Richard Sprague (1638) was a captain of the Charlestown train-band,
and represented that town in the General Court in 1644, and from 1659 to 1666. He
was first sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1652, ensign in 1659, ^.nd lieutenant in
1665. He died, Nov. 25, 1668. His will of Sept. 15 preceding, names his wife, Mary,
but no children of his own. The sons of his brother Ralph are mentioned in it. He
gave to Harvard College thirty ewes, with their lambs. This was among the earliest
donations to that college. His homestead in Charlestown consisted of " three acres of
earable land, . . . with a dwelling house and other aptinances," situated " in the east feilde,
butting southwest and west upon the streete way, bounded on the southeast by gravell
lane." The Charlestown Land Records, p. 41, describe thirteen different pieces of real
estate in Charlestown as the possession of Richard Sprague (1638). He bequeathed his
sword to his brother William, of Hingham, which, in 1S28, was in the possession of his
descendants.

John Stowe (1638), of Roxbury. The Roxbury Church Records, written by Rev.
John Eliot, say, "John Stow, he arrived at N. E the 17"' of the 3'' month [May] ano
1634. he brought his wife & 6 children." The records mention his wife, "Elizabeth
Stow, the wife of John Stow [1638], she was a very godly matron, a blessing not only
to her family but to all the church & when she had lead a christian conversation a few
years among us. She dyed & left a good savor behind her." He was admitted a
freeman Sept. 3, 1634, and his wife died, or was buried, Aug. 21, 1638. He represented
Roxbury at both sessions of the General Court held in 1639, and he died Oct. 26, 1643.
He was granted one hundred acres of land in 1642, for writing [transcribing] the laws of
the colony.

The church records doubtless refer to Mr. Stowe (1638) in the following, quoted
from the Boston Record Commissioners' Report, Vol. VI., p. 171 : "Month 8 day 26
[1643], Goodman Stone [Stowe], an old Kentish man dyed, he was not of the Church,
yet on his sick bed some had some hopes of him."

John Pierpont married Thankful, daughter of John Stowe (1638), and bought,
probably of the heirs, the Stowe homestead on Meeting-House Hill, as recorded in
Roxbury Land Records, p. 99. From this family sprung the Connecticut Pierponts :
John Pierpont, poet and clergyman, and Edwards Pierpont, formerly minister to F^ngland.
Sarah Pierpont, granddaughter of John and Thankful (Stowe) Pierpont, became the wife
of the eminent Jonathan Edwards. Thomas Stowe, son of John Stowe (1638), joined the
Artillery Company in 1638.

Thomas Stowe (1638), of Braintree, was the eldest son of John Stowe (1638), of
Roxbury. He was born in England, and came to America with his parents in 1634. He
married, Dec. 4, 1639, at Roxbury, Mary Griggs, and soon after removed to Concord,
where he was admitted a freeman in 1653. He removed thence to Middleton about
1654. He died, probably, early in 1684, as the inventory of his estate was returned to
the Probate Court, Feb. 23 of that year.

John Stowe (1638). Authorities: Drake's knowing the law, is respited " by the cuurl. — /',(-

Hist, iif Roxliury; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Sixth Re- ords of Mass. B,iv, /'o/. /., /. 312.
port, Boston Rec Com. Thomas Stowe (1638). Authorities: Sav-

" John Stowe, for selling shot to an Indian, not age's Gen. Diet.; Hist, of Braintree.

go HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND ['638-9

Thomas Strawbridge (1638).

William Tyng (1638), of Boston, merchant, elder brother of Edward Tyng (1642),
came to New England, probably in the ship " Nicholas," of three hundred tons, chartered
by himself at London, arriving at Boston July 3, 1638. He became a member of the
First Church March 3, 1639, and was admitted to be a freeman ten days later. He was
a selectman of Boston from 163910 1644 inclusive, treasurer of the colony from May
13, 1640, to Nov. 13, 1644, and representative for Boston during 1639, 1640 to 1643, and
1647, — in all, six years. He lived afterward in Braintree, was captain of a military
company there, and represented that town in the General Court in 1649, 1650, and 1651.
He died Jan. 18, 1652-3. His daughter, Elizabeth, married Capt. Thomas Brattle
(1675), and her sister, Ann, married Rev. Thomas Shepard, of Charlestown, who
preached the Artillery election sermon in 1663. Elizabeth (Tyng) Brattle died, as we
are told by Judge Sewall, in a sudden and surprising way. Judge Sewall was present at
her house at a great wedding of his cousin, Daniel Quincy, with Ann Shepard, her niece,
when Mrs. Brattle suddenly expired.

Capt. William Tyng (1638) lived on Washington Street, where, a few years ago, it
turned into Dock Square, covering the foot of Brattle Street, now Adams Square. Here
he had what is described as " house, garden, close, great yard, and little yard before the
hall window." A part of this lot fell to his daughter, Elizabeth Brattle, wife of Thomas
(1675). Subsequently it passed through the possession of Mr. Mumford to the Quakers,
for the site of a meeting-house. The inventory of Capt. Tyng (1638) is given in the
New England Historical and Genealogical Register, 1876. He was ensign of the
Artillery Company in 1640. He was one of the commissioners from Massachusetts
C61ony who established the confederation of the New England Colonies in 1643. Savage
says, " The titles of several of his books show an estimable curiosity in the possessor."
Johnson speaks of him as "being endued by the Lord with a good understanding —
sometime Treasurer of the country."

Hezekiah Usher (1638), of Cambridge, March 14, 1639, when he became a
freeman, resided, in 1642, at the northeast corner of Dunster and Winthrop streets,
Cambridge. About 1645, he removed to Boston, where his son John is recorded as
dying in December, 1645. He was representative from Billerica from 1671 to 1673
inclusive, and died May 14, 1676. His tomb is in the chapel burial-ground, now the
property of the Francis family.

Isaiah Thomas, in his History of Printing, Vol. H., p. 409, says, " Hezekiah Usher
was the first bookseller in English America, of whom I can find any account." One of
his daughters, perhaps Elizabeth, married Col. Samuel Shrimpton (1670), and another,
Sarah, married Jonathan Tyng (1670). His son Hezekiah joined the Artillery Company
in 1665, and another son. Col. John, in 1673. He was one of the founders, and a
member, of the Old South Church, second sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1657,
first sergeant in 1663, and its ensign in 1664. The inventory of his estate amounted

William Tyng (1638). Authorities: Sav- Hezekiah Usher (163S). Authorities : New

age's Gen. Diet.; Report of Rec. Com., Boston, Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1S69; Mem. Hist, of

1634-1660; Josselyn's Voyages; New Eng. Hist. Boston; Paige's Hist, of Cambridge; Sewall Papers,

and Gen. Reg., 1876; Savage's Edition of Winthrop's Vol. I., p. 104; Hill's Hist, of Old South Church;

Hist, of New Eng.; Hist, of Braintree. Thomas's Hist, of Printing.

1638-9] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 8 1

to more than fifteen thousand pounds. Capt. Hull (1660), in his contemporary diary,
says, " 14"' Mr. Hezekiah Usher [1638] died, a pious and useful merchant."

In the winter of 1657-8, Mr. Usher (1638) went to England as the agent of the
commissioners of the united colonies, and bought, with money furnished by the London
Corporation, a press, several fonts of type, and other printing materials. The new press
was set up in 1659, and was given in charge of Samuel Green (1638), and in 1661 the
New Testament in the Indian language was "finished, printed and set forth." Heze-
kiah Usher (1638) was the agent of the society for propagating the gospel among the
Indians.

He was much interested in town matters, held several subordinate positions, but
was elected selectman in 1659, and was continued in that ofifice eighteen years, until
his decease. He lived on the north side of State Street, opposite the market-place, or
old State House, having purchased a part of the estate which had formerly belonged
to Rev. John Wilson, the first minister in Boston, brother-in-law of Capt. Robert
Keayne (1637).

Feb. 10, 1676, Lancaster was laid in ashes by the Indians, and about fifty people
killed or carried into captivity. Among the latter was Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, who, in
a narrative of her captivity, which she afterwards published, says, "The twenty pounds,
the price of my redemption, was raised by some Boston gentlewomen and Mr. Lusher
[1638], whose bounty and charity I vi'ould not forget to make mention of." Mrs.
Rowlandson, after a captivity of eleven weeks and five days, arrived in Boston
May 3, 1676.

Richard Waite (1638), of Boston, a tailor, joined the First Church .Aug. 28, 1634,
and became a freeman March 9, 1637. He served as a sergeant in the Pequot War,
and for that service received a grant of three hundred acres of land. In November,
1637, for his adhesion to the party of Mrs. Hutchinson, he was compelled to surrender
his arms to Capt. Robert Keayne (1637), and in January, 1639, was subjected to the
censure of the church for "purloyning" a portion of buckskin leather to make gloves,
and was "cast out." His next child, born in July following, was named Return (1662),
possibly because the father returned loyally to the First Church. He was sheriff of the
colony in 1653, and the next year was entrusted as a messenger to the Indians. The
questions propounded or sent by the messengers, Sergt. Waite (1638) and Sergt. John
Barrell (1643), together with the answers of the sachems thereto, are given in Drake's
Book of the Indians of North America, Book II., p. 75, ct scq. Again, in 1668, he bore
a complaint to the Indians from the government of Massachusetts, which may be read
on page 85 of the above-mentioned history. For this messenger service, they were
allowed by the colony three shillings a day.

His will was proved in 1680.

Richard Walker (1638), of Lynn in 1630, became a freeman March 14, 1634. In
the first-mentioned year, a military company was formed in Lynn, of which Richard
Wright was appointed captain, Daniel Howe (1637) lieutenant, and Richard Walker
(1638) ensign. The last named became a lieutenant in 1646, and a captain in 1652.

Richard Waite (1638). Authokities: New Middlesex Co., Vol. IIL; New Eng. Magazine,
Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1S47, 1S70, 1S77; Report January, 1S86; Drake's IJook of the Indians of
of Rec. Com., Boston, 1634-1660; Hurd's Hist, of North .'Vmerica.

82 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1638-9

In Hurd's History of Essex County, Vol. I., p. 292, we are told the above-mentioned
company " was provided with two iron cannon." In 1631, there was a report that some
Indians intended an attack on Lynn, and Walker (1638), with a suitable number, was
detailed for the night guard. He at one time, while on duty, had an arrow, shot from
among some bushes, pass through his coat and "buff waist-coat," and afterwards another
arrow was shot through his clothes. It being quite dark, after a random discharge or
two of their muskets, the guard retired. The next morning the cannon was brought up
and discharged in the woods, and nothing more came of the attack. After that the
people of Lynn suffered little or no molestation. It is of him that Edward Johnson
(1637), of Woburn, speaks : —

" He fought the Eastern Indians there,
Whose poisoned arrows filled the air,
And two of which these savage foes
Lodg'd safe in Captain Walker's clothes."

He was representative for Lynn in 1640, 1641, 1648, and 1649. He was blessed
with a most vigorous constitution, for he lived until May 13, 1687, when he died at the
age of ninety-five years.

John Wliittingham (1638), of Ipswich in 1637, was a son of Baruch, and grandson
of William Whittingham, the distinguished reformer in the English Church, who, having
been exiled in the time of Mary, was recalled in the reign following, and rewarded with
the deanery of Durham. It is said that the latter married a daughter of John Calvin.
John Whittingham (1638) came from near Boston in Lincolnshire, England, and
married Martha Hubbard, a sister of Rev. William, an early historian of New England.
He was ensign of the train-band in Ipswich in 1644, and lieutenant in 1645. May 14,
1645, he was one of the petitioners to the General Court, with Mr. Bradstreet, Capt.
Daniel Denison (1660), and others, for the formation of the Military Company of
Ipswich, Newbury, Rowley, Salisbury, and Hampton. The petition was granted. He
died in the early part of 1649. His will was proved March 27 of that year.

William Wilcox (1638), of Cambridge, was admitted to be a freeman May 25,
1636, and died in that town Nov. 28, 1653. He married Mary Powell, Jan. 22, 1650,
and resided on the southerly side of Brattle Street, near Ash Street. He probably had
no children, as none are mentioned in his will, and he devised his whole estate to his
wife so long as she remained his widow ; upon her death or marriage it was to be
distributed, but not to any by the name of Wilcox.

Richard Walker (1638). Authorities: "[1687] May 16, Monday. . . . this day Capt

Savage's Gen. Diet.; New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Walker, a very aged planter, buried at Lin." —

Reg., 1847, 1877; Lewis's Hist, of Lynn; Records Setoall's Papers, Vol. /., /. 177.
of Mass. Bay. John Whittingham (1638). Authorities:

"In 1631, Richard Walker of Lynn, as he was Savage's Gen. Diet.; New Eng. Hist, and Gen.

upon watch, about midnight, was shot at by an Reg., 1848, 1851, 1857, 1873.
Indian, and the arrow passed through his clothes. William Wilcox (1638). Authorities: Sav-

He gave an alarm, and a small cannon called a age's Gen. Diet.; Paige's Hist, of Cambridge,
culverin, was discharged, and nothing further was
heard of an enemy." — Notes on Indian Wars in
New England,

J638-9] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMl'ANY. 83

John Winchester (1638), of Hingham in 1636, came to America the year before,
in the ship "Elizabeth." He had a grant of land in Hingham in 1636, and was admitted
to be a freeman March 9, 1637. He married, Oct. 15, 1638, Hannah Sealis, of Scituate.
He took an active part in the military troubles in Hingham in 1644-5, for which he was
fined, but was subsequently released therefrom. Soon after 1650 he moved to Muddy
River, now called Brookline, and died there, April 25, 1694, aged seventy-eight years.

Edward Winship (1638), of Cambridge in 1635, became a freeman March 4 of that
year. He was one of the most active and energetic citizens of that town for many years ;
was commissioned by the General Court, May 26, 1647, ensign of the Cambridge
company; became lieutenant of the militia in 1660; selectman for fourteen years,
between 1637 and 1684, and representative in 1663, 1664, and from 1681 to 1686, —
in all, eight years. He died Dec. 2, 1688, aged seventy-five years. He bought, in 1638,
an estate containing nearly three acres, at the easterly corner of Brattle and Mason
streets, and extending through to the Common.

His daughter, Joanna, born Aug. i, 1645, became greatly distinguished as a teacher
of youth. The tombstone of this maiden school-mistress still stands in the ancient
cemetery, bearing the following inscription : —

" Here lyes the body of Mrs Joanna Winship aged 62 years, who departed this life November
the 19th, 1707.

"This good school dame
No longer school must keep
Which gives us cause
For children's sake to weep."

Rev. John Wilson, who is believed to have preached the sermon before the Artillery
Company in 1638, was born at Windsor, England, in 158S. His father was a clergyman,
and his mother a niece of the Archbishop of Canterbury. He was educated at the
University of Cambridge. Having been several times suspended, or silenced, for
non-conformity, he came to New England in 1630, with John Winthrop, arriving at Salem
on the twelfth day of June. He settled at Charlestown, where, with others, July 30, a
church was formed. This was afterwards known as the First Church in Boston, to which
place most of the members removed. Mr. Wilson was chosen teaching elder.

In 1631, he returned to England, but came back to America the next year. July 3,
1632, he took the freeman's oath. Nov. 22, 1632, he became pastor of the First Church,
and held that relation until his decease, Aug. 7, 1667. He visited England again in
1634, and, returning, arrived in Boston Oct. 3, 1635, in company with Mrs. Wilson.
During the Pequot War, he was appointed by lot to act as chaplain of the expedition.

Rev. Richard Mather preached the funeral sermon at the decease of Mr. Wilson,
taking as his text, "Your fathers, where are they? and the prophets, do they live
for ever?"

John Winchester (1638). Authorities: Morning, my honoured Father, Mr John Wilson,

Hist, of Hingham, by George Lincoln; Savage's Pastour to ye church of Boston, aged about 78 years

Gen. Diet.; Records of Mass. Bay, Vol. HL, p. 80. & an half, a man eminent in Faith, love, humility,

Edward Winship (1638). Authorities: self-denyal, prayer, soundnes of minde, zeal for (Jod,

Paige's Hist, of Cambridge; Savage's Gen. Diet. liberality to all men, esp'ly to ye s'ts & ministers of

Rev. John Wilson. Authorities : Mather's Christ, rested from his labors, & sorrowes, beloved

Magnalia; Sprague's Annals of the American Pul- & lamented of all, and very honourably interred

pit; Hist, of the First Church, Boston; Savage's ye day following." — Koxlnoy Church Records

Gen. Diet.; Eliot's Biog. Diet. (written by Rev. Samuel Danforth, who married

" yth 6m 67. About two of ye clock in ye Mr. Wilson's daughter Mary).

84 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1639-40

, The officers elected were Capt. Edward Gibbons (1637), captain;

I U nO"ZIO. ^^P*^- Thomas Clarke (1638), lieutenant; Thomas Hucken (1637),

\J J \ ensign. The sergeants were John Oliver (1637) and Thomas Savage
(1637) ; the clerk, John Johnson (1638), and the drummer, Arthur Perry (1638).

The Company was undoubtedly formed in accordance with the regulation established
by Major Henry Tellier, of the " London Military Garden," for " The Way and Manner
of Drawing Up a Company," viz. : "When the Drums are beating about the town, and
in several places make Proclamation, (as by order from their Captain) for all Gentle-
mens Souldiers that are under his command, to repair unto his Randevous, unto such a
place, and at such an hour ; then it must be the immediate care of every Officer under
his command, punctually at that hour and place, thither to repair, for the more encourag-
ing of the souldiers as they shall come in, and not to stir themselves from thence, without
some order from their Captain, for fear of giving bad examples unto others. And when
they shall perceive some considerable number of men to come in, the Sergeants then may
take advice of their Lieutenant and Ensign, which of them they will appoint out to draw
forth the Muskettiers, and which the Pikes, and whom they shall make the right hand
File-leader of the Muskettiers, and who shall be the left ; and again who shall be the
Leader of the right hand File of Pikes, and who shall be the left : For these four, being
such remarkable places of Honour unto the knowing Souldier, that special care must be
had in placing deserving men to be there. Now it is, or ought to be the discretion of
every Lieutenant, and Ensign, (as being commissioned Officers) to resolve the Sergeants
herein, that they may with more alacrity go on to draw the rest up between ; and so
to order unto each of them their particular duties, as to carry equal pains in drawing
forth the files. Therefore in respect that for the most part in every company, they have
three Sergeants, two of them ought to take charge in drawing forth the Muskettiers,
(being helpt by the advice of their Lieutenant,) and the other to draw forth the Files of
Pikes, being assisted in counsel by their Ensign : for at such times the Officers ought not
to be idle, and to stand gazing upon each other ; but everyone, according to his particu-
lar place and relation, should be very active and assisting to each other."

The tactics and drill of the Artillery Company, when it was first organized, were
undoubtedly those of the Low Countries, which had just been adopted in England. The
artillery was heavy, and could be moved only with considerable difficulty, and the
members of the Company were divided into pikemen and musketeers. The masses of
pikemen, formed in accordance with the ancient systems of the phalanx, were flanked by
the musketeers. Sometimes the two wings of musketeers were advanced until their rear
ranks were on the same ahgnment as the front rank of the pikemen ; on other occasions,
the musketeers were drawn up all around the square, of which the pikemen formed the
centre.

No evidence of the use of pikes by the Artillery Company has been handed down.
There was no occasion to resist calvary when fighting Indians. The men were armed
and equipped as musketeers, and were formed in four ranks, as was directed in The
Compleat Body of the Art Military, by Lieut.-Col. Richard Elton.

Each musketeer was to be provided with a musket, priming wire, worm, scourer,
and bullet-mould, a rest, bandoleers, a sword, one pound of powder, twenty bullets, and
two fathoms of match rope. The musket was a matchlock, the cock holding by a screw,
and the burning match rope was applied to the powder in the pan. Muskets were
generally large and heavy, and a forked staff, or rest, was required to support them when

1639-40] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 85

presented to fire. The staff, or rest, had a crotch or crescent at the top, and a sharp
iron at the bottom to fasten it in the ground. Musketeers carried their powder in little
wooden, tin, or copper cylindrical boxes, each containing one charge ; twelve of these
boxes were fixed to a belt two inches wide, worn over the left shoulder, and the boxes
and belt were called bandoleers. Usually the primer containing the priming powder,
the bullet-dog, and priming-wire were fastened to the leather belt. These, and the little
long boxes hung upon the belt, made much rattling. This belt, with its dangling
appendages, had some resemblance to a string of sleigh-bells.

" Military organization was at first the only social distinction in the infant colony,
for while all acknowledged allegiance to God and to the Commonwealth, there were no
forms in religion, no nobility in the government. The clergy pointed out their narrow
road to heaven, and the drill-sergeants taught men of dauntless energy how to use
weapons for their self-defence while on earth. The early confederation of the United
Colonies of New England, for mutual military self-defence against savage foes and
French invaders, finally resulted in independence."

Twenty-one members were added to the Company in 1639-40, viz. : John Allen,

Samuel Bennett, Richard Brackett, Bridemore, Robert Child, Thomas Coitmore,

Richard Davenport, Thomas Fowle, John Greene, Walter Haines, John Leverett, Robert
Long, John Musselwhite, Thomas Owen, Herbert Pelham, William Rainsburrow, Henry
Saltonstall, Robert Sampson, Anthony Stoddard, Robert Thompson, Francis Willoughby.

John Allen (1639), of Charlestown, came over probably in the "Abigail," in 1635,
aged thirty years, with wife, Ann, from Kent County, England. He became a member
of the church May 22, 1641, and was admitted a freeman on the second day of the
next June. In 1640, he had a wife Sarah. In 1657, he was the richest man in the
town. He was representative from 1668 to 1674 inclusive, and in 1668 was captain of
the Charlestown company.

For services rendered the colony, Capt. Allen (1639) was granted, in 166S, one
thousand acres of land by the General Court; the same year he was appointed a
commissioner on import duties; in 1669, one of a committee to prevent the exportation
of coin, and also, with James Russell (1669), was authorized to collect the contributions
for his Majesty's fleet at Barbadoes.

He died March 27, 1675. Judge Sewall (1679) calls him a brother of Rev.
Thomas Allen.

Samuel Bennett (1639), of Lynn, was a carpenter by profession, but he worked in
the iron mills at Lynn. He came in the "James," in 1635, from London, aged twenty-
four years. He owned a large farm at Rumney Marsh, now Chelsea. A pine forest in
the northern part of the town still retains the name of "Bennett's Swamp." He resided

John Allen (1639). Authorities: Eudinj;- "There was a law forbiilding the sale of corn-
ton's Hist, of First Church, Charlestown; New Eng. modities at too great a profit. For a breach of this
Hist, and Gen. Reg, 1S53; Savage's Gen. Diet.; law, he appears to have once or twice suffered
P'rothingham's Hist, of Charlestown. prosecution," and the court refused to remit the

Samuel Bennett (1639). Authorities: tine.
Lewis's Hist, of Lynn; Hurd's Hist, of Essex "In 1671, he sued John Gifford, former agent

Co., Art., Lynn; Report of Boston Rec. Com., of the iron-works, and attached property to the

1634-1660. amount of four hundred pounds, for labor performed

" In 1644 " Mr. Bennett (1639) " was presented for the company." — Hur,Vs Hist, of Essex Co., /.,

by the Grand Jury as ' a common sleeper in time of 293.
exercise,' and fined two shillings and sixpence."

86 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1639-40

in the western part of Saugus, and when the towns were divided the line passed through
his land, eastward of his house, and afterwards he was called an inhabitant of Boston.
He was indicted at the Quarterly Court at Salem, July 5, 1645, for saying, in a scornful
manner, he " neither cared for the town, nor any order the town could make." Mr.
Bennett (1639) was a surveyor of highways at Rumney Marsh in 1657, and April 24 of
that year he, with Edward Hutchinson (1638) and John Tuttle (1644), was ordered
to "goe the bound line between Maiden and Rumney Marsh and Lin and Rumney
Marsh."

Richard Bracket! (1639), of Boston in 1632, probably a brother of Peter (1648),
was a member of the First Church in Boston, and was admitted a freeman May 25, 1636.

Drake, in his picture of Spring Lane, as he recalls the first settlers visiting the
spring, concludes, "And grim Richard Brackett, the jailer, may have laid down his
halberd to quaff a morning draught." He was appointed keeper of the prison Nov. 20,
1637. He sold, in 1638, to Jacob Leger, a house with a garden on Washington Street,
midway between the present West and Boylston streets.

Dec. 5, 1641, he, with his wife, Alice, was dismissed by the Boston church to join
the church in Braintree, where he was ordained deacon July 21, 1642. He was town
clerk for many years, third captain^ of the town militia, and a deputy in 1655, 1665,
1667, 1671, 1672, 1674, and 1680. Oct. 15, 1679, he was appointed to join persons in
marriage in the town of Braintree, and to administer oaths in civil cases.

Capt. Brackett (1639) died in Braintree, March 5, 1691.

Bridemore (1639). In the oldest roll of the members of the Military Com-
pany of the Massachusetts, it is plainly, " Mr. Bridemore." Nothing concerning

him has been discovered.

Robert Child (1639), of Boston, physician, came from Northfleet, Kent County, Eng-
land, and was bred at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, England. He received the degrees
of A. B. in 1631, and of A. M. in 1635, and was made a Doctor of Medicine at Padua.
He resided for a short time at Watertown, and was one of the petitioners for the grant of
the town of Lancaster in 1644. In October, 1645, he purchased a large tract in Maine,
known as the Vines Patent. The next year he greatly alarmed the government of Massa-
chusetts by presuming to petition Parliament for an enlargement of privileges.^ He was

Richard Brackett (1639). Authorities: tjes of age vpon him, hauing desired formerly, tS:

Hist, of Braintree; Savage's Gen. Diet. now also, to lay downe his place as cheife military

Feb. 24, 1639, the selectmen voted, "There is commander in Braintry, the Court grants his re-
leave granted to our brother Richard Brackett to quest." — Records of Mass. Bay, Vol. V., p. 459.
niovve the Marsh lying in the Newfield, which he ^ The principal point of the petition was, " that
hath usually mowen, for the next Summer time." — civil liberty and freedom might be forthwith granted
A\-port of Boston Rec. Com., 1634-1660. to all truly English, and that all members of the

Robert Child (1639). Authorities: Mem. Church of England or Scotland, not scandalous,

Hist, of Boston; Drake's Hist, of Boston; Win- might be admitted to the privileges of the churches

throp's Hist, of New England; Savage's Gen. Diet.; of New England."

Hutch. Coll., 211; Wilson's New England Sala- The synods of 1657 and 1662 practically adopted

mander Discovered; New England's Jonas Cast this view.
Up at London. There were eight persons who joined in this

This name is spelled Chidley on the original petition, of whom the following were members of

roll, and the name is so spelled in Col. Rec, Vol. I. : ihe Military Company of the Massachusetts, viz.,

"Mr Chidley for confederating and concealing," Dr. Robert Child ( 1639), .Samuel Maverick (165S),

was fined ^13 6j. Si/. It is often spelled Childe in Thomas Fowle (1639), David Vale (1640).
early books. Winthrop relates, Vol. II., p. 322, that after

' "On the request of Capt Richard Brackett, Dr. Child (1639) had arrived in London he met

being aboue seventy-three yeare of age, & infirmi- Francis Willoughby (1639) on the Exchange, and

1639-40] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 87

fined and confined ; his study was broken open, and papers taken away, and every
hindrance was placed in his way to prevent his going to England to present his petition
to Parliament ; but at last he did present it, and was unsuccessful. The General Court
of Massachusetts issued a declaration against him, a portion of which was that he was a
bachelor. In 1647, he went home, did not return, and probably died in Kngland,
Oct. 27, 1647, the General Court ordered, that, whereas Dr. Child (1639) owed a fine of
fifty pounds to the country, which was unpaid, and he had gone out of the jurisdiction, and
whereas he had stock (four hundred and fifty pounds) in the iron-works, therefore the
attorney-general was given power to sell so much of said stock as would yield the fifty
pounds due to the country.

Thomas Coitmore (1639), of Charlestown in 1636, was a brother of Elizabeth,
who married Williain Tyng (1638). Thomas (1639) was admitted a freeman May 13,
1640, was selectman of Charlestown, 1640-2 inclusive, and representative to the General
Court in 1640 and 1641. In 1644, he was proposed as the commander of the fort at
Castle Island. He was an enterprising merchant, and went on several voyages to distant
lands. In 1642, he sailed master of the "Trial," the first ship ever built in Boston. He
was lost on a voyage to Malaga, by shipwreck on the coast of Spain,' Dec. 27, 1645. His
inventory was ^1,266 9^^. id. His wife, by whom he had two sons, was Martha, daughter
of Capt. Rainsburrow (1639). Upon the death of her husband, Thomas Coitmore
(1639), she married Gov. Winthrop-; and after his decease she married, March 10, 1651,
John Coggan (1638). After his decease in 1658, "she wished to be married again," as
related by Rev. John Davenport, and, it is said, " poisoned herself for her ill success."

The homestead of Thomas Coitmore (1639) in Charlestown, and twelve other
pieces of real estate which he owned, are described in Charlestown Land Records, as
printed by the Boston Record Commissioners, Vol. III., p. 20.

Richard Davenport (1639) came with Gov. Endicott in the "Abigail," in Septem-
ber, 1628, from Weymouth, Dorset County, England, and landed at Salem. He was
born in 1606 ; was admitted a freeman Sept. 3, 1634 ; a deputy from Salem in 1637, and
resided in that town until 1642. He was ensign of the Salem train-band in October,
1634, when his friend Endicott cut out the red cross in the national ensign, and in admi-
ration of that act he named a daughter, born that year, " Truecross." He held the same
office, ensign, when, with Underbill (1637), Turner (1637), and Jennison (1637), he

in talking about New England, the doctor "railed Indians of North America, Book IlL, p. 75; Felt's

against the people, saving that they were a company Annals of .Salem; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Drake's

of rogues ami knaves." Mr. Willoughby (1639) Hist, of Boston; Records of Mass. Bay.

replied that he who talked so was a knave, where- Oct. 19, 1652, Capt. Davenport (1639) was

upon the doctor gave him a box on the ear. They appointed one of the guardians of Adam Winthrop,

were separated by friends. To restore peace, Dr. " the orphane, of about fine yeares of age," who

Child (1639) was ordered to give five pounds to the joined the Artillery Company in 1692.

poor of New England, to apologize in the full ' Mr. Frotbingham says he was drowned "on

Exchange, and to promise never again to speak evil the coast of Wales."

of New England men. "A right godly man and expert seaman," writes

Thomas Coitmore (1639). Authoritiks: Winthrop; "dearly beloved." "A good scholar and

New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg,, 1880; his will is in one who had spent both his labor and estate in

same, 1853; the inventory in same, 1S54; Savage's helping on this wilderness work," writes Edward

Gen. Diet.; Whitman's Hist. A. and IL A. Com- Johnson (1637).

pany; Winthrop's Hist, of New Eng., Savage's "The marriage contract, with an inventory of

Edition; Frothingham's Hist, of Charlestown. her goods ami chattels, is given in the Records of

Richard Davenport (1639). AuthoritiilS: the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, Vol. H., pp.

New Eng. Hist, and CJen. Reg., 1S50; Drake's 234-236.

gg HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1639-40

went in Gov. Endicott's expedition against the Indians, to revenge the murder of Mr.
Oldham. In 1636, he was lieutenant of the first volunteer train-band, under Capt.
Denison (1660), in Ipswich, where it is probable he resided a short time. He was a
military man of distinction in the first settlement of the colony, and was engaged in many
enterprises against the Indians, yet he never held any office in the Artillery Company,
probably on account of his absence on public duty.

Lieut. Davenport (1639) was wounded in a battle with the Pequots in 1637, and
in the same year was directed by the General Court to receive the arms of Mr. Wheel-
wright's friends in Salem. The first settlers in and near Boston built a fort for their
defence in July, 1634. It had walls of earth, and was afterwards called Castle William,
now Fort Independence. Capt. Nicholas Simpkins (1650) was the first commander,
Edward Gibbons (1637) the second, Lieut. Richard Morris (1637) the third, and
Robert Sedgwick (1637), in June, 1641, was the fourth. In 1643, the mud walls having
gone to decay, the fort was rebuilt with pine-trees and earth, under the superintendence
of Capt. Richard Davenport (1639), who was appointed to command it When that
decayed, which was within a little time, there was a small castle built of brick, which
had " three rooms in it — a dwelling room below, a lodging room over it, and the gun-
room over that, wherein were six guns, called sacker guns, and over it upon the top
three lesser guns." Such was its condition July 15, 1665, when "God was pleased to
send a grievous storm of thunder and lightning, which did some hurt in Boston," says
Capt. Roger Clap (1646). Capt. Davenport (1639), weary by severe duty, had retired
in a room separated from the powder magazine by a thin board partition, and while
asleep was killed by a flash of lightning, no material damage being done to the Castle.'

His son, Nathaniel, was a captain in King Philip's War, and was killed in the Great
Fort fight, Dec. 19, 1675. Thp command of the Company then devolved on Lieut.
Edward Tyng, Jr. (1668). His grandson, Hon. Addington Davenport, joined the
Artillery Company in 1692.

Thomas Fowie (1639), of Boston, came from England before 1635, and was a
merchant, whose home estate, consisting of a house and garden, was situated at the
north corner of Essex and Washington streets. He was admitted to be a freeman
Sept. 7, 1639, and joined the First Church in Boston March 26, 1643. He served as
selectman of Boston, with Gov. Winthrop, in 1645 ^nd 1646. In 1644, "30"" of 10 mo."
he is called in the Boston Town Records, "Tho : Fowle, Gent." In 1639, the " 27"' of
the II mo.," he was granted six hundred acres "at Rumney Marsh," which in 1650 were
owned by Samuel Bennett (1639). He is supposed to have moved to Braintree, at least
he owned property there. Whitman says Mr. Fowle "figures as a man of much
notoriety in Winthrop, having on account of his liberal sentiments, been a constant
thorn to the civil and ecclesiastical rulers of the colony." In Boston, he had the agent

Thomas Fowle (1639). Authorities: Sav- Richard Davenport, a man of a choice and excel-
age's Edition of Winthrop's Hist, of New Eng. ; lent sp't, having bin hard at worli, was layd down
Drake's Hist, of Boston; Mem. Hist, of Boston; upon his bed in ye Castle, there being but a Wain-
Savage's Gen. Diet.; Whitman's Hist. A. and H.A. scot betw. ye bed & ye Magazine of Powder, the
Company, lightning came in at ye window tS; smote ye Captain

' " 1665. July 15. There was a dreadful thunder on ye right eare so yt it bled, bruised his flesh upon

[and] lightning . . . And at ye Castle it wounded his head, wounded & burnt his breast & belly, &

3 or 4 men In so much that they cryed out some stroke him dead that he never spoke more; but it

houres after, some that yir tooes, others y' their legs pleased God ye powder escaped ye fire." — Ko.xbiiry

were falling off, and ye Captain of the Castle, Mr Church Records.

1639-40] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMTANY. 89

of D'Aulnay, in the troubles of La Tour, to lodge at his house, and his ship was seized
at London for damages by the La Tour party. In 1646, he was earnest for an extension
of liberties, was heavily fined, and went to England in disgust in November, 1646.

'I'he seizure of the ship, when Joseph Weld (1637) and Stephen Winthrop (1641)
were arrested, has heretofore been mentioned, page 24. In 1646, Mr. Fowle (1639),
with Dr. Child (1639), John Smith, and David Yale (1640), "petitioned to Parliament,
complaining of the distinctions in civil and church estate here, and that they might be
governed by the laws of England" ; — this petition cited that they, "free born subjects of
England, were denied the liberty of subjects, both in church and commonwealth, them-
selves and their children debarred from the seals of the covenant, except they would
submit to such a way of entrance and church covenant, as their consciences could not
admit, and take such a civil oath, as would not stand with their oath of allegiance, or
else they must be debarred of all power and interest in civil affairs, and were subjected
to an arbitrary government and extra judicial proceedings," etc. A petition was
presented to the General Court by them, but the consideration thereof, as well as a
law to permit non-freemen to vote, was deferred to another session. Mr. Fowle (1639)
also, with Gen. Sedgwick (1637) and others, petitioned for the abrogation of the laws
against Anabaptists and the tax on new-comers, which was also unsuccessful.

On the eve of his departure for England, after having been fined and imprisoned
for the above-mentioned petitio.n, he was stayed again at Gov. Winthrop's warrant, as
also Dr. Child (1639), s^'<l "^^ be the chief speaker," who said "they did beneath
themselves in petitioning us," and appealed to England. The hearing was continued
with much spirit and acrimony. " In conclusion, Fowle [1639] and one Smith were
committed to the Marshal for want of sureties, and the rest were enjoined to attend the
Court when they should be called. So they were dismissed and Mr. Fowle [1639]
found sureties before night." The trial proceeded, and in the subsequent pages of
Winthrop we may find the long-contested argument, pro and con. Dr. Child (1639)
was fined fifty pounds and Mr. Fowle (1639) forty pounds, " for persisting thus obsti-
nately and proudly in their evil practice." They were offered to have their fines remitted,
if they would but acknowledge their fault ; but they remained obstinate. Their appeal
was received, but refused acceptance and was not permitted to be read in the court.
" Surprise," says Savage, " almost equals our indignation at this exorbitant imposition ;
for in this very year Fowle [1639] was associated with Winthrop as one of the Selectmen
of Boston. All these petitioners but Maverick [1658] left the country, I believe."

In 1648, Mr. Fowle (1639) is thus spoken of by Gov. Winthrop : " For God had
brought him very low, both in his estate and reputation, since he joined in the first
petition." Whitman adds : " There is no reason to attribute it to a judgment of God ;
it is far more easy to account for his becoming poor by losses at sea, heavy fines,
imprisonment, delays, expenses," etc.

John Greene (1639), of Charlestown, came in the "James" from London in 1632,
and arrivedjune 12, with his wife. Perseverance (Johnson), three children, a ser\ant, and
Joseph Greene, a relative. He joined the church in Charlestown, March 29, 1633; was
afterward an elder of that church, the first and only one it ever had, and became a
freeman April i, 1633. In the town records he is called "Sergeant." He was town

John Greene (1639). AUTiiORrriES: \Vy- Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1S47; Frnthingham's Hist, of
man's Gen. and Estates of Charlestown ; New Eng. Charlestown; Savage's Gen. Oict.

HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1639-40

clerk from 1646 to 1658, selectman from 1646 to 1657 inclusive. His dwelling-house,
on a lot of three-quarters of an acre, was situated at the west end of the Common,
" bounded on all sides by the common." His property in Charlestown is described in
Charlestown Land Records, as printed by the Boston Record Commissioners, page 50.
His will of April 21, 1658, names his wife Joanna. She was his second wife, the widow
of John Shatswell, of Ipswich, who brought him a large estate. Mr. Greene {1639)
died April 22, 1658. His tombstone, now broken and defaced, near Harvard's monu-
ment, once bore this inscription : —

" Memorial of ye Jvst is blessed.

" Here lyeth ye body of Mr. John Greene, born in London in Old England, who married Perseverance,
the daughter of [Rev. Francis] Johnson, in Amsterdam, by whom he had 6 children, with whom and
3 children he come to Charlestown, in New England, in 1632, was rvling elder in ye church, and
deceased April 22, 1658, leaving behind 2 sons and one davghter, viz. John, Jacob, and Mary, who
erected this Monvment to the memory of him and his wife, their father and mother."

Walter Haynes (1639), of Sudbury, was one of the first proprietors of that town.
He, with his wife, Elizabeth, and three children under sixteen years of age, embarked in
the ship "Confidence," of London, for America, leaving Southampton April 24, 1638.
Mr. Haynes (1639) is recorded as being fifty-five years of age. He is called a " Lennen
Weaver," from Sutton, Mandifield, in the county of Wilts, England. He was admitted a
freeman May 13, 1640; was appointed commissioner in Sudbury, in 1640, "to end
small businesses " ; clerk of the writs in 1641-5 ; represented the town of Sudbury in the
General Court in 1641-4, 1646, 1648, and 165 1, and was one of the selectmen of that
town for ten years. " Mr. Haynes," says the historian of Sudbury, " was probably one
of the first grantees to erect a house on the east side of the river, which was probably the
' Haynes Garrison.' " It stood until 1876, when it was taken down. Descendants of
Walter Haynes (1639) were : Capt. Aaron Haynes, who commanded a Sudbury company
that marched to Concord, April 19, 1775 ; Dea. Josiah Haynes, who was slain in that fight,

Walter Haynes (1639). Authorities : Hud- returned to England. His second wife was Mabel,

son's Hist, of Sudbury; Savage's Gen. Diet. sister of Roger Harlakenden, by whom he had four

This name is given in the oldest record book as children. While in Cambridge he resided on the

" Mr. Haines." Mr.Whitman ( 1810) concluded westerly side of Winthrop Square, his lot extending

it was Walter Haynes, of Sudbury. It might have from Mt. Auburn Street to Winthrop Street,

been Gov. John Haynes, of Connecticut. It does " His great integrity and wise management of

not seem possible to decide which became a mem- all affairs so raised and fixed his character in the

ber of the Company. esteem of the people of Connecticut that they

John Haynes arrived in America in the ship always, when the Constitution would permit, placed

"Griffin," Sept. 3, 1633, coming from Copford Hall, him in the chief seat of government, and continued

in Essex, England. He became a freeman May 14, him in it until his death."

1634, was elected an assistant in 1634 and 1636, June 5, 1638, Gov. Haynes came to Boston

and governor in 1635. Mzy 2, 1637, he removed with Unkus, the Monahegan sachem, and thirly-

to Hartford, Conn., was elected the first governor seven men, to consult in regard to Indian affaiis.

of that colony in April, 1639, and continued to hold — St^e IViiit/trop's Journal, Vol. I., p. 265.

that office every second year afterward until his Toward the last of May, 1639, Gov. Haynes, of

decease, March i, 1654. Connecticut, visited Boston again, with Rev. Mr.

He seems to have been interested in military Hooker, and coming into the bay, staid near a

affairs. Sept. 25, 1634, he was appointed by the month. They came to renew the treaty of confed-

General Court " to ouersee the amunicon house, to eration with the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Gov.

be builte att Newe Towne"; May 6, 1635, was Haynes was therefore in Boston the first Monday

appointed a commissioner of military affairs, and in June, 1639, at which lime he may have joined

Dec. 13, 1636, was made colonel of the Middlesex the Artillery Company.

Regiment. John Haynes. Authorities: Savage's Gen.

He was married first in England. His two Diet.; Paige's Hist, of Cambridge; Trumbull's

eldest sons remained in England, and took part in Hist, of Conn.; Bridgman's Pilgrims of Boston,
the civil war; another son, by his first wife.

1639-40] HONORABLE ARTII,I.ERY COMPANY. 9 1

at the age of eighty, and Joshua Haynes, who was killed at Bunker Hill. Sergt. Walter
Haynes — for he is so called on the town records — was prominent in all town matters,
and, with Brian Pendleton (1646), was active in founding a church and erecting the first
meeting-house in Sudbury. He died Feb. 14, 1665.

John Leverett (1639), of Boston, was a son of Thomas Leverett, the ruling eider
of the First Church, who resigned his office of alderman of the borough of Boston,
England, just previous to his sailing from London, and arrived, Sept. 4, 1633, at Boston,
Mass. John Leverett (1639), ^o^^ J"ly 7. 1616, came over with his parents, Rev. Mr.
Cotton, Mr. Haynes (1639), afterward governor, and other eminent persons, in the
"Griffin." He joined the First Church July 14, 1639, when Rev. Mr. Cotton, the
spiritual teacher of his boyhood, was pastor, and was admitted a freeman May 13, 1640.
" No man in our country," says Savage, " ever filled more important offices, nor with
happier repute."

He was clerk of the Artillery Company in 1641, junior sergeant in 1642, senior
sergeant in 1643, heutenant in 1648, and was elected commander three times, viz.: in
1652, 1663, and 1670. He is called "Sergeant" Sept. 27, 1642, in the Records of
Massachusetts Bay; was appointed captain under Sergt.-Major Gibbons (1637), Aug. 12,
1645, to t^-l^s the field against the Narraganset Indians; in 1652 was captain of a troop
of horse, and the same year the South Company in Boston chose him as its captain. In
1662, he was granted one thousand acres of land in consideration of his services to the
colony, and five hundred more in 1671. May 23, 1666, he was voted "thanks" by
the General Court, and one hundred pounds as a gratuity, for his care and pains in
completing the batteries of Boston and mounting the great artillery. In 1663, he was
chosen major-general of the colony, and held that office ten years.

He was concerned in trade with Gen. Gibbons (1637), wherein several ships and
cargoes were lost. Ten thousand dollars were lost by the wrecking of one vessel. He
was appointed one of the commissioners to the Dutch Governor of New York, and was
made commander of the forces contemplated to be raised in 1653, in case of war with
the Dutch. He was also captain of a troop of horse in Cromwell's service, in 1656.

He seems to have spent most of his life in the service of the colony, for he was
chosen deputy for Boston in 1651, 1652, and 1653, and again, 1663, 1664, and 1665.
He was speaker of the House part of the year 165 1, and also in 1663 and 1664. In
1665, he was chosen from the House of Deputies to be an assistant, and was continued
in that office until 1670. He was elected deputy-governor in 1671 and 1672, and
governor from r673 to 1678, and died March 16, 1679, while holding that office. May
28, 1679, the General Court appropriated one hundred pounds towards the interment
of his remains.

Mr. Leverett (1639) went to England in 1644-5, ^nd was appointed a captain in
the regiment of Col. Rainsburrow (1639), but soon returned to Boston. In August,
1676, the King, Charles II., conferred the order of knighthood upon him. He sup-
pressed that title, or the knowledge of it, during life ; his previous republican employ-
ments, and the genius of our colonial government, made him wisely conceal it. He
was in England at the Restoration, advocating the interest of the colony, which may have

John Leverelt (1639"'. Authorities: Sav- Bridgman's Pilgrims of Boston; New Eng. Hist,

age's Edilion of Winthrop's Hist, of New Eng.; His- and Gen. Reg., 1850, 1S51, 1876; Drake's Hist, of

tories of Harv. Coll.; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Reports Boston; Records of Mass. Bay, 1640-1679.
of Boston Rec. Com., 1634-1660, 1660-1701;

02 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1639-40

made his talents and influence known to the King, who afterwards, when Mr. Leverett
(1639) was in his highest colonial dignity, honored him.

He was one of the four persons to whom, in 1664, the patent, or first charter, was
delivered by the General Court, to be kept safe and secret, together with a duplicate.
They were directed to dispose of them as might be safest for the country. The other
three persons were Gov. Bellingham, Capt. Thomas Clarke (1638), and Capt. Edward

Johnson (1637).

His son, Hudson, joined the Artillery Company in 1658, and his grandson, John, in
1704; and several other of his descendants have been members of the Company. His
will and codicil are dated March 15, 1678 9, wherein he names his grandson, John
(1704), "to be brought up to learning." His son, Hudson (1658), the father of John
(1704), was given a double portion. He left, also, six daughters, and had a very large
landed estate. His mansion-house, during the life of his father. Elder Thomas, was at
the southeast corner of Court Street, and his father's, which he afterwards occupied,
with a garden on the east side of the original site of the old or first meeting-house,
had State Street on the north and the marsh of Mr. Winthrop on the south. That part
of Con'^ress Street north of Water Street was called Leverett's Lane for many years, in
remembrance of the father and his son. The disease of which he died was the stone,
as appears by an interleaved almanac of that year. His picture, representing him in
the military costume of that day, with sword, collar, gloves, etc., is preserved in the
Essex Historical Library, at Salem, Mass. That society possesses his sword, and other
relics. Another portrait of the good old man, in civil attire, with a mild and benignant
expression of countenance, adorns the State House of Massachusetts.

" The Governor, under the old Charter," says Hutchinson, " although he carried
great porte (so does the Doge of Venice), yet his share in the administration was little
more than any one of his Assistants. The weighty affairs of the war, and the agency,
during his administration, conducted with prudence and steadiness, caused him to be
greatly respected. . . . His funeral was splendid, as appears by the order of pro-
cession, and was not unlike that of royalty in England."

He was sent, with Edward Hutchinson (1638), on an embassy to Miantonomoh,
sachem of the Narragansets, in 1642. He also had a military command under Gen.
Sedgwick (1637) in expelling the French from Penobscot, in 1654. He also served as
a commissioner, with Lusher (1638) and Danforth, to repair to Dover, N. H. Harvard
College Records, " 3*^ mo. 10"' day, 1649," contains the paper drawn up by the Governor
and magistrates, against " long hair." The following is the preamble : " Forasmuch as
the wearing of long hair, after the manner of ruffians and barbarous Indians, has begun
to invade New England, contrary to the rule of God's word, which says it is a shame
for a man to wear long hair, as also the commendable custom generally of all the godly
of our nation, until within these few years," etc. "He wore long hair, but is the first
Governor that is painted without a long beard. He laid it aside at Cromwell's court."

"Order of march at the funeral of Gov. Leverett [1639], who died 16"' March
1678 and was buried the first day of the next year, 25"" March, 1679. — •

"Mr. John Joyhff, Mr. James Whitcomb, Mr. WiUiam Taller [17 12], Mr. Richard
Middlecot — to carry each a Banner Roll at the four corners of the Hearse.

" To march next before the Hearse, as followeth :

"Mr. Samuel Shrimpton [1670], or in his absence, Capt. Clap — to carry the
Helmet.

1639-40] HONORABLK ARTILLERY COMPANY. 93

" Mr. John Fairweather — to carry the Gorget.

"Mr. E. Hutchinson [1670] — Brest.

"Mr. Charles Lidget [1679] — Back.

" Mr. Sampson Sheafe — one tace.

" Mr. John Pinchon — one tace.

"Mr. Dummer [1671], in case.

"Capt Nich. Paige [1693] — One Gauntlet, Capt J Carwin — one Gauntlet.

"Lt. Edw. Willys — the Target. Capt. Edw Tyng [1668] — the Sword.

" Mr. Hezekiah Usher [1665] — one Spur. Mr Peter Sargeant — one Spur.

" Capt William Gerrish, to lead the Hearse per the Racis — and Return Waite
[1662] (as Groom) per the headstall.

"Mr. Lynde [1658], Mr. Saffin, Mr. Rock [1658], N. Green — to carry Banners
mixt with the Banner Roles above."

The names mentioned above clearly indicate the prominence given to the Artillery
Company in the funeral honors of its late commander, Major-Gen. Sir John Leverett

(1639)-

Gov. Leverett's (1639) second wife, who outlived him many years, was a daughter of
Major-Gen. Sedgwick (1637). She became a member of the First Church Oct. 12,
1656, and died Jan. 2, 1704, having arrived at the age of seventy-four years. She was
buried on the 8th of January, and Rev. Cotton Mather preached her funeral sermon.

Robert Long (1639), of Charlestown, came from Dunstable, England, in the
" Defence," in 1635, at the age of forty-five years, bringing his wife, Elizabeth, and ten
children. He had been an innholder at Dunstable, Bedford County, England, where Rev.
Zechariah Synimes, of Charlestown, Mass., had formerly preached. He was an innkeeper in
Charlestown, and his house was situated " on the south of Mill hill — his houselot being
bounded by the market place, meeting house lane and High Street." He was licensed
Sept. 3, 1635, "to keepe a house of intertainment att Charles Towne for horse and man."
In 1640, Charlestown chose him to sell wine, and the General Court approved the choice.
Dec. II, 1648, Robert Keayne (1637) and James Penn, deputies of the General Court,
and in behalf of said court, signed articles of agreement with William Phillips (164-4),
Robert Long (1639), Hugh Gunnison ( 1646), William Hudson (1640), and Robert
Turner (1640), vintners, by which the latter had the exclusive right to sell and retail all
kind of wines in Boston and Charlestown for five years, by paying to the treasurer of the
jurisdiction of Massachusetts one hundred and sixty pounds yearly, in current money.
He owned, according to the Book of Charlestown Land Records, twelve other pieces of
real estate, containing above one hundred and fifty acres. He died Jan. 9, 1664.

"The Great House, first used as the official residence of the Governor, was pur-
chased in 1633, by the town, of John Winthrop and other gentlemen, for ;£io, and used
as a meeting-house until it was sold, for jQt,o, to Robert Long [1639] in 1635, when it
became a tavern or ' ordinary,' sometimes known as the ' Three Cranes ' from its sign.
It stood wholly in the market-place, in front of the building lately the City Hall, at the
corner of Harvard Street. The tavern was kept by Mr. Long [1639] and his descendants
till 171 1, when it was sold to Eben Breed, in whose family it remained until the land
was bought by the town to enlarge the Square after the Revolution."

Robert Long (1639). AuxHORrriES: Sav- Frothingham's Hist, of Chailestowii; Records of
age's Gen, Diet.; Mem. Hist, of Boston, VoL L; Mass. Bay.

HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1639-40

John Musselwhite (1639), of Newbury, yeoman, came in the "James" in 1635
from Southampton. He is called, in the custom-house records, " of Longford," Wilts
County, England. He was first of Ipswich, and became a freeman March 22, 1639. He
is named in the division of lands in Newbury, March 17, 1642, and Jan. 11, 1644. He
died Tan. 30, 1671, leaving property to one sister and two brothers in Beaverstock,
Wiltshire, England.

Thomas Owen (1639), of Boston in 1639, when he joined the Artillery Company,
and in 1 64 1, when he escaped from the Boston jail. Whitman recites the story from Win-
throp Vol. n., p. 5 I : " Owen [ 1 639] was in Boston jail, for notorious suspicion of adultery.
He was sentenced 'at a Quarter Court at Boston, 7th of 7th mo. 1641, for his
adulterous practices [and] was censured to be sent to the gallows with a rope about his
neck, and to sit upon the ladder an hour, the rope's end thrown over the gallows, and so
■ to return to prison.' Sarah Hale, wife of William Hale, his paramour, was sentenced to
the like, and after to be banished. Several men and women, who were concerned in his
escape to Noddles Island, especially Maverick [1658], were severely fined. Owen
[1639] also was fined £10, and if not paid in a week, to be severely whipped. Among
other things, Hale, the husband, was admonished to take heed of the like concealment.
Seven of the persons censured have the tide or prefix of respect. This suspicion must
therefore have originated among the better sort of people."

Herbert Pelham (1639), of Cambridge, came over in 1638, bringing his daughter,
Penelope, after he had befriended the cause of the colony as a member of the company
in London for ten years. He was educated at Magdalen Hall, 0.xford, graduating in
1619, when he was eighteen years of age. By profession a lawyer, he is called "gent,"
and Gov. Hutchinson says, " He was of that family which attained the highest rank in the
peerage one hundred years ago, as Duke of Newcastle."

He settled in Cambridge, and resided at the northwest corner of Dunster and South
streets, the same estate having been previously occupied by Gov. Thomas Dudley and by
Roger Harlakenden. The widow of the latter became the second wife of Herbert Pel-
ham (1639). He was a freeman in 1645, selectman and commissioner of the United
Colonies the same year, and assistant from 1645 — when Col. Stoughton (1638) had gone
to England — to 1649 inclusive. In the latter year he returned to England, and resided at
Buer's Hamlet, in Essex County. He was a commissioner of the United Colonies in
1645 and 1646, and was intrusted with much important public business. He also was
the first treasurer of Harvard College, chosen Dec. 27, 1643, and the second person
named in the act incorporating the Society for Propagating the Gospel among the Indians
in 1649. Another incorporator of this society was Major Robert Thompson (1639).

Edward Johnson (1637) styles him "a man of courteous behaviour, humble and
heavenly-minded." He was one of the Company in England in 1629, and contributed
to the common stock one hundred pounds. The year following his settlement at Cam-
John Musselwhite (1639). Authorities: "Thomas Owen for escaping out of prison, was
Savage's Gen. Diet.; Coffin's Hist, of Newbury. lined 20 pounds to be paid within a week or to be

Thomas' Owen (1639). Authorities: severely whipped." — Records of Mass. Bay.
Savage's Edition of Winthrop's Hist, of New Eng. Herbert Pelham (1639). Authorities:

Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A. Company; Savage's Paige's Hist, of Cambridge; Savage's Gen. Diet.;
Gen. Diet.; Records of Mass. Bay. Hurd's Hist. Middlesex Co.; New Eng. Hist, and

"Thomas Owen, Boston, Ar, Co. 1639, impris- Gen. Reg., 1S64, 1879; Savage's Edition of Win-
oned, 1641, perhaps unjustly, for Samuel Maverick throp's Hist, of New Eng. Whitman's Hist. A. and
befriended him." — Savage's Gen. Diet. H. .V. Company.

1639-40] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 95

bridge his house was burned down, from which he and his family narrowly escaped.
Winthrop calls the discovery of the fire, by a neighbor's wife, who heard her hens making
a noise at midnight, and awakened her husband, "a special providence of God."

After his return to England, he became a member of Parliament, rendered fretjuent
and important services to the colony, and died in June, 1673, being buried "in County
Suffolk, July I."

After his return to England, he might have again visited this country, if the extract
from the Boston News-Letter, Aug. 19, 1826, quoted in Whitman's (1810) History of the
Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, be true. It says, " This gentleman was one
of the early settlers in Cambridge, prior to 1660, and a large proprietor to the first
division of the lands there, in 1665. A few acres of it were called Pelham's Island.
Subsequently he made larger purchases of real estate, and permitted the poorer people
to cut off the original growth of timber on one hundred acres of it. He must have been
considered as holding high rank in society ; for his son Edward, who graduated at college
in 1673, was placed at the head of his class; and this same son inherited all his estate
in the then colony of Massachusetts. He returned to England before 1672, for his will
was dated, in January of that year, at Ferrer's, in Buer's Hamlet, in the County of
Essex, where he died. His will was proved at London, in March, 1676. Some of his
posterity are citizens of the United States, at this day."

William Rainsburrow (1639), of Charlestown in 1639, in which year he joined the
Artillery Company, had, the next year, property in Watertown. He probably intended to
live in America, for he purchased, in the first year of his residence here, the old meeting-
house, as Mr. Budington, in the History of Charlestown, p. 195, has shown; but he
returned to England before the civil war, in which he acquired distinction. He was
related to Gov. John Winthrop by marriage. Col. Rainsburrow's sister, Judith, married
Stephen (1641), a son of Gov John Winthrop.

On his return to England, he was appointed to be captain of a troop of horse
intended for Ireland, and also governor of Worcester. He was highly favored by Crom-
well, and was appointed colonel of a regiment in the Parliament's service, with Israel
Stoughton (1637) as lieutenant-colonel, Nehemiah Bourne (1638) as major, John
Leverett (1639) as captain, and William Hudson (1640) as ensign, — all of whom were
citizens of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and members of the Military Company of the
Massachusetts. He was assassinated in Ireland, Oct. 29, 1648. ^ His daughter, Martha,

William Rainsburrow (1639). Authoiuties: and, going to London, entered upon his last service

Savage's Gen. Diet.; Savage's Edition of Winthrop's in Yorkshire. At the head of the Parliament army,

Hist, of New Eng. ; Records of Mass. Bay, II.; he established his headquarters at Doncaster, near

Clarendon's Hist, of RebeUion; Bond's Watertown. Pumfret. The Royalists planned the surprise and

'Samuel Adams Drake, in his New Plngland capture of Rainsburrow [1639]. Twenty-two picked
Legends and Folk-Lore, tells the story of the "Death men, well mounted, under the Royalist Capt. Paul-
of Rainsburrow. Col. Rainsburrow (1639) was den, passed through the besiegers lines into Don-
repeatedly promoted by Cromwell, and at the ininie- caster undiscovered. Four troopers forced an
diate storming of Bristol, commanded a brigade. entrance into the colonel's lodgings. Rainsl)urrow
Mow well he planned and fought the Protector tells ['639] was arrested; brought out of his house, and
in an official letter. For his bravery, the Earl of ordered to mount ahorse, which stood ready saddled.
Fairfax deputed Col. Rainsburrow (1639) as one The colonel, at first, seemed willing to mount, but,
of the officers to receive the surrender of the place; on reflection for a moment, he determined to fight
and Cromwell appointed him as one of the commis- his four enemies. The colonel's lieutenant

sioners to treat with the King. slain while entUavoring to assist his superior officer.

"When the insurrection preceding the second Though wounded and bleeding, the fight waged

civil war broke out, Rainsburrow [1639] was in com- fiercely until one of the party run his sword through

mand, and on board the English fleet. lie is there his body, when the brave Gen. Rainsburrow [1639]

called Admiral Rainsburrow [1639]. The sailors fell dead upon the pavement of the courtyard."
embracing the Royalist side put the admiral ashore,

96 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1639-40

was married three times: (i) Thomas Coitmore (1639); (2) Gov. John Winthrop ;
(3) JohnCoggan (1638).

"The Great House," in Charlestown, once occupied by Robert Long (1639) as an
inn, was used by the Charlestown church, Oct. 14, 1632, for a place of meeting. In
1636, another building was occupied by that congregation, but its precise location is not
known. The Memorial History of Boston, Vol. I., p. 394, says, "November 26, 1639,
William Rainsborough bought the old meeting-house for ;i^ioo, which was used towards
paying for ' the new meeting house newly built in the town on the south side of the
Town Hill.' "

Henry Saltonstall (1639), of Watertown, youngest son of Sir Richard Saltonstall,
was born in England, and came to America, probably with his father, in 1630. He
graduated in the first class in Harvard College in 1642, and therefore must have become
a member of the Company before he entered, or while a student there. He went to
England and thence to Holland with his father, in 1644, Sir Richard being ambassador
from England at that time. It was during this visit that a portrait of Sir Richard was
painted by Rembrandt. Henry studied medicine, and in October, 1649, received the
degree of M. D. from the university in Padua, and June 24, 1652, a degree at Oxford,
England. He and William Stoughton, chief-justice, son of Israel Stoughton (1637),
were, by order of Parliament, created fellows of the New College, O.xford, England.

Robert Sampson (1639), of Boston in 1630, son of John and Bridget (Clopton)
Sampson, came in the same ship with Gov. Winthrop, who calls the former " cousin," in
a letter to his wife. Mr. Sampson's (1639) mother was a sister of Gov. Winthrop's second
wife. Savage says that Robert Sampson's " family was ancient in the rank of knights,
residing at Sampson's Hall, in the parish of Kersey, near Groton."

He probably returned to England soon after becoming a member of the Company.
He was one of the sureties for Mr. David Yale, when he joined the Company in the
year 1640.

Anthony Stoddard (1639), of Boston in 1639, a linen-draper, joined the First Church
Sept. 28, 1639, was admitted a townsman the 26th of August preceding, and became a
freeman May 13, 1640. His first wife was Mary Downing, of Salem, a niece of Gov.
Winthrop; his second wife was the widow of Capt. Joseph Weld (1637), of Roxbury.

She died in 1654, and he married Christian , after whose decease he married

Mary, widow of Major Thomas Savage (1637). The remark of Sewall (1679) in his
Diary seems to be true, — Anthony Stoddard was " the ancientest shop-keeper in town."
He was a man of great influence in Boston. As early as 1641 he was a constable.
Winthrop (Vol. II., p. 39) relates a story of the constable's scruple to obey the Gov-
Henry Saltonstall (1639). Authorities: "[16S6-7] March 16, About 1, aclock Mr.
New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1879; Bond's Anlhony Stoddard dyes, was the ancientest shop-
Watertown ; Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A. Com- keeper in Town." — SewalFs Papers, Vol. I., p.
pany, Ed. 1842. 170.

Robert Sampson (1639). Authorities: Sav- " May 31, 1660, Capt Edward fohnson [1637]

age's Gen. Diet.; Savage's Edition of Winthrop's Mr. .\nthony Stoddard [1639] and beacon William
Hist, of New Eng., Vol. I., p. 445, Appendix. Parkes [1638] were nominated and appointed a

Anthony Stoddard (1639). Authorities: committee to officiate as Surveyors Generals of the
New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1851; Report of country's ammunition." — Records of Mass. Bay.
Rec. Com., 1634-1660; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Sav-
age's Edition of Winthrop's Hist, of New Eng.

1639-40] IIUNdKABLE ARTILLERY COMTANY. 97

ernor's warrant to take Francis Hutchinson into custody for freedom of remarks, called
"insolence." He held that office until 1644, and March 18, 1650, was chosen recorder
of the town of Boston, being succeeded in that ofilice by Thomas Savage (1637) on
"16th of ist mo., 1651." He also represented Boston in the General Court in 1650,
1659, >66o, 1666, and for eighteen successive years afterwards.

Nov. 27, 1639, he was granted one hundred acres of land at Mount Wollaston, and
Feb. 31, 1641, he was chosen, with three others, "to Trade with the Indians according
to the Order of the General Court." In 1643, as constable, it became his duty to pay
Arthur Perry (1638) for his services as drummer for the town, also from 1647 to 1652
inclusive. March 9, 1656-7, at a general town meeting, it was ordered that "Capt.
Savage [1637], Mr. Stoddard [1639], Mr. Houchin [1641], and Mr. Ed. Hutchinson,
Sr., are chosen a committee to consider of the modell of the towne house, to bee
built," etc. He was also rate commissioner or assessor in 1661. He died March
16, 1686-7.

Mr. Whitman (1810) relates, concerning Mr. Stoddard's (1639) scruples of 1641,
that he was required to take a person — Francis Hutchinson — into custody at one of
the courts in Boston till the afternoon, "and said withal to the Governor — Sir, I have
come to observe what you did ; that if you should proceed with a brother otherwise
than you ought, I might deal with you in a church way. For this insolent behavior he
was committed, but being dealt with by the elders and others, he came to see his error,
which was, that he did consider that the magistrate ought not to deal with a member
of the church before the church had proceeded with him. So, the next Lord's day, in
the open assembly, he did freely and very affectionately confess his error, and his
contempt of authority : and being bound to appear at the next court, he did the like
there to the satisfaction of all. Yet, for example's sake, he was fined 20 shillings, which,
though some of the magistrates would have it much less, or rather remitted, seeing his
clear repentance and satisfaction in public, left no poison or danger in his example,
nor had the Commonwealth or any person sustained danger by it." '

He was clerk of the Artillery Company in 1642, 1644, 1646, 1648, and was third
sergeant in 1650.

Robert Thompson (1639), of Boston in 1639, was ^ '""^n of wealth and distinction
in London, where, Savage thinks, he married a sister of Gov. Hopkins, of Connecticut.
In 1639, though probably a transient resident in Boston, he bought the old edifice of
the First Church, and the lot on which it stood on State Street, for one hundred and sixty
pounds. He was a strong friend of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, and for services
rendered this country he was granted five hundred acres of land. In Hutchinson's
Collection are some letters of his which reveal his good disposition and wise judgment.
He and Francis ^Villoughby (1639) were trustees of the famous will of Edward Hopkins.
In 1639-41 he was one of the sureties for seven members of the Company.

Robert Thompson (1639). .VurnoRiriES: ing his fault in his unfitting speech to the Governor,
Savage's Gen. Diet.; Suffoll; Deeds, IIL, 386. in affronting of him, is fined I3it." — KecorJs of

' "7'!' 7mo 1641. Anthony .Stoader, confess- Mass. Buy.

98 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1640-1

Francis Willoughby (1639), of Charlestown, Aug. 22, 1638, called by Hutchinson,
" a gentleman from England," was a son of \Villiam Willoughby, who was " a colonel of
the city" of London. Francis Willoughby (1639) was a native of Kent, and had been
for some time commander of a vessel. He joined the First Church in Charlestown, Oct.
10, 1639, and became a freeman May 13, 1640, from which time till his death he "was
constantly engaged in public service." He was representative from Charlestown in
1642, 1646, and 1649; was chosen assistant in 1650, 1651, and 1664; was elected
deputy governor in 1665, and held that office until his death, April 3, 167 1, when Gen.
John Leverett (1639) succeeded him.

In 1 64 1, he, with others, invested largely in real estate in Charlestown, and built
warehouses and wharves, and "prayed the court" to appoint fixed charges for wharfage,
porterage, and storage. His wharves were on each side of the ferry ways, and his ship-
yard on the site of the Fitchburg Railroad depot, or on Warren Avenue, where, in 1641,
he was engaged in building a ship.

He went to England in 1651, and remained nearly eleven years. In 1652, he was
appointed commissioner of the navy for Portsmouth, and in 1658-9 was a member of the
British Parliament.

In 1662, when it was desired by the General Court of Massachusetts Bay to
congratulate King Charles upon his restoration, a letter was written to Herbert Pelham
(1639), Nehemiah Bourne (1638), Francis Willoughby (1639), and others, in London,
asking them to supply the commissioners, upon their arrival, with such funds as they
might require on account of the colony.

His widow, Margaret, married, Feb. 8, 1675, Capt. Laurence Hammond (i566), of
Charlestown. Francis Willoughby (1639) left a large estate, for those times, being
estimated at over four thousand pounds.

He was ensign of the Artillery Company in 1643. The Artillery Company doubtless
joined in the funeral honors which were paid on the 7th of April to Deputy-Gov. Francis
Willoughby (1639).

^ The officers elected were: Robert Sedgwick (1637), captain;

J Q/IQ" I • Capt. Femys (1638), lieutenant; William Tyng (1638), ensign; senior
' sergeant, Thomas Savage (1637); junior sergeant, Francis Cosen

(1640) ; clerk, John Johnson (1638). Capt. Sedgwick (1637) was one of the founders of
the Artillery Company, very active and useful in its interests. It was believed that he
had been a member of the present organization in London, until, on a careful exami-
nation of its rolls, his name could not be found there. It is probable that Capt. Edward
Johnson (1637) confounded the Artillery Garden with the Military Garden. "These
Nurseries or Academies of Military Science," as they are styled by Lieut.-Col. Alton, a
contemporary writer, were noted as having produced many good officers. " The Military

Francis Willoughby (1639). Authokities: top of his grave plain, only covered with the turfs

New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1S76, 1S80; Froth- of grass." — Bradstreets Journal.

ingham's Hist, of Charlestown; Wyman's Gene- Eleven foot companies were in attendance at

alogies and Estates of Charlestown, Vol. II.; his funeral, "with the doleful noise of trumpets and

Hurd's Hist. Middlesex Co., Vol. I.; Savage's Gen. drums, in their mourning posture, three thundering

Diet. volleys of shot discharged, answered with the loud

" 1 67 1, April, Mr Francis Willoughby, Deputy roaring of the great guns, rending the heavens with

Cover, of the Massachusetts Colony dyed. He noise at the loss cf so great a man." — A^oadiak

desired to be buried one foot deep and to have ye Adams-

'640-1] IIONORAliLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 99

Garden," he continues, " is famous for the great improvement of divers worthy persons of
quality daily resorting, whose excellent skill in military exercises hath raised many of
them to high preferment here at home and to places of honorable command abroad.
The Captains-in-Chief of these academies are Major General Skippon and Major Henry
Tellier, which latter was the first that ever showed in the Military Garden, (of which I
am a member,) the marching of the souldiers in a regimental way."

The new members recruited in 1 640-1 were : Joseph Cooke, David Courtney, Francis
Cosen, Wentworth Day, Henry Dunster, Daniel Fisher, Joshua Fisher, John Friend, John
Gutteridge, William Hudson, John Humfrey, John Hurd, Thomas Lechford, Lawrence
Litchfield, Henry Looker, Francis Lyall, Thomas Marshall, James Oliver, Ralph Ory,
Henry Phillips, Samuel Shepard, Christopher Stanley, Robert Turner, David Yale.

Joseph Cooke {1640), elder brother of Col. George Cooke (1638), came in the
"Defence" in 1635, aged twenty-seven years. They were from Earl's Colne, in Essex,
and there enjoyed the spiritual teaching of Rev. Thomas Shepard, who came in the same
ship. Joseph (1640) and his brother George (1638) were registered as servants to
Roger Harlakenden. The position was assumed as a disguise to enable them to leave
England more easily. Even their teacher and friend. Rev. Thomas Shepard, embarked
under a fictitious name and character, being styled " John Shepperd, husbandman."

These brothers became prominent citizens. Joseph's residence was on the east side
of Holyoke Street, near Holyoke Place, in Cambridge. Connected with his house were
several acres of land, extending northerly to Mount Auburn Street, and southerly and
easterly to the marsh ; besides which, he owned several other houses and lots. He was
admitted a freeman March 3, 1636, and was selectman of Cambridge from 1635 to 1645,
except two years; town clerk from 1635 to 1641 ; local magistrate from 1648 to 1657,
and representative from 1636 to 1641. He also was a military man, for when his brother
George (1638) had gone to England, "the Court think meet," says the record, "to
desire Mr. Joseph Cooke [1640] to take charge of the Company in the absence of the
Captain, and till the Court shall take further orders." He had charge of the Cambridge
company from October, 1645, ^o November, 1647. Oct. 5, 1652, the County Court
empowered "Mr. Henry Dunster [1640] and Mr. Joseph Cooke [1640] to improve the
estate of Col. George Cooke [1638], deceased, for the good of Mary Cooke, his
daughter," etc. Joseph Cooke (1640) went to England in 1658, and in 1665 was residing
at Stannaway, Essex County, at which time he conveyed his homestead, and several lots
of land, to his son. It is not known that he returned to America.

David Courtney (1640). The name Courtney is very plainly written on the oldest
roll in the possession of the Artillery Company, but the authorities do not appear to
mention it.

Francis Cosen, or Cozens (1640). This name does not appear on the old roll of
the Company, but it has been inserted because, in the list of " Names of the officers
of the Artillery Company . . . collected Sept 6 1680, by Nat. Barnes, Sec," the name
Francis Cosen appears in the list of officers for 1640-1. Mr. Cosen (1640) was
"junior sergeant" in that year, and after his name and grade follow, in the same line,
the words " Sergt. ffriend," implying that Sergt. John Friend (1640) acted as junior
sergeant during a part, if not all, of the year.

Joseph Cooke (1640). Authorities: Savage's Gen. Diet.; Paige's Hist, of Cambriilge.

lOO HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1640-1

Wentworth Day (1640), of Boston in 1640, has the prefix of respect on his admis-
sion to the church, Sept. 22 of that year.

April 26, 1641, "Our brother Mr Wentworth Day hath graunted unto him 100
acres of land for his greate Lott at Muddy River out of a parte of that land which was
appoynted for the Comune." "He was a surgeon," Savage says, "at Cambridge,"
and is honored by Rev. Mr. Hale, of Beverly, in his tract on Witchcraft, as saving, in
1652, "a woman charged with the horrid offence." Probably he returned home, for
one with his unusual name was, in 1658, fined and imprisoned, as one of the "fifth
monarchy men," and for disturbing the reign of Oliver Cromwell. In 1661, he was
living in London, and had a legacy in the will of Edwarc' Shrimpton.

Henry Dunster (1640), Boston and Cambridge, was a son of Henry Dunster of
Balehoult, England. He came over in 1640, and resided for a short time in Boston,
on the north corner of Court and Washington streets. Dec. 13, 1641, the Cambridge
records refer to Mr. Dunster's barn and the town spring near by. The barn stood on
the northerly side of Brattle Street, near Church Street. In 1649, the town gave him
four hundred acres of land. He was a member of the Cambridge church, and was
admitted a freeman June 2, 1641. He was educated at Magdalen College, in the
University of Cambridge, receiving his degrees in 1630 and 1634. He was elected
president of Harvard College, Aug. 27, 1640, and resigned that office Oct. 24, 1654.
Subsequently he preached in Scituate, and died there in February, 1659; but, as
specially directed in his will, he was buried in Cambridge.

Daniel Fisher (1640), of Dedham, son of Anthony and Mary Fisher, of Dedham,
was born at Syleham, Suffolk County, England, about 1620. He was a brother of Anthony
(1644), and a cousin of Joshua (1640). He was admitted into the Dedham church
in 1639. The record is as follows : " Daniel Fisher who appeared to be a tender
hearted & hopeful. Christian young man, as allso divers of ye y' had long knowne him
testified & so was easily and gladly received." He became a freeman May 13, 1640,
and married, Nov. 18, 1641, Abigail Marriot, of Cambridge. He died Oct. 8, 1683, and
his widow followed him upon the eleventh of the same month.

Mr. Fisher (1640) was "learned in the law," captain of militia, selectman of
Dedham in 1650, and for thirty-two years representative to the General Court, from 1658
to 1682, — excepting two years, — town clerk, town surveyor, clerk of the writs, speaker
of the House of Deputies three years, and in 1683, the year of his decease, was elected
to the office of " assistant." In 1658, he is called in the colony records, " Sergeant " ;

Wentworth Day (1640). Authorities: Re- went to Hadley into the family of Rev. John Russell,

port of Boston Rec. Com, 1634-1660; Savage's where for a year or more she waited upon the

Gen. Diet. regicides, Whalley and Goff, who fled to this coun-

Henry Dunster (1640). Authorities: Life try to escape the wrath of Charles II. (See Palfrey's

of Henry Dunster, First President of Harvard Col- Hist, of New Eng., Vol. II.; Dedlam Hist. Reg.,

lege, by Rev. J. Chaplin, D. D., 1872; Life of the Vol. III., p. 117, Vol. IV., p. 20; New Eng. Hist,

same, by Samuel Dunster, 1876; Histories of Har- and Gen. Reg., 1S62; .250th Anniversary of Ded-

vard College; New Eng. Ilist. and Gen. Reg., 1873. ham, pp. 66, 209.)

Daniel Fisher (1640). .Vutiiorities: Ded- Mr. Worthington says, in the last-named book,

ham Records; 250th Anniversaiy of Dedham, p. "The place where the Regicides were then con-

65; Dedham Hist. Reg., 1S92, p. 187, etseq.; Whit- cealed was known to but few persons in the whole

man's Hist. A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1842. Colony, and Lydia Fisher deserves to be remem-

Lydia Fisher, daughter of Capt. Daniel (1640) bered as a woman who not only kept a simple secret,

was born in Dedham July 14, 1652. In 1671, she but a great colonial secret."

»640-i] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. lOI

in 1673, he was promoted from ensign to captain of the Dedham comjiany. He was
first sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1655.

A list of the duties he discharged, and of the various positions on committees, etc.,
which he held, are set forth in detail in the Dedham Historical Register, \'ol. HI.,
p. 187, ct scq. His residence in Dedham was on what is now Lowder Street, on the
estate owned by Mrs. Rodman.

In February, 1681, Randolph, the agent of King James in the colony, exhibited
articles of high misdemeanor against a "faction" (so called by Randolph) in the Gen-
eral Court, to the lords in council. Among these men thus selected to be the victims
of royal indignation was Capt. Fisher (1640). June 14, 1682, Randolph wrote to the
Earl of Clarendon that a quo 7oarranto had issued against the colony charter, and that
a warrant had been sent out to carry Thomas Danforth, Samuel Nowell, Daniel Fisher,
and Elisha Cook to England, to answer for high crimes and misdemeanors, and inti-
mates that the prosecution which his papers and evidence would support would make
their faction tremble.

"Capt. Fisher [1640] was speaker of the House at this time, and was, we must
believe, a man of great influence therein, otherwise he would not have been so much
noticed at the British court. Indeed, in such a time, his high spirit and resolute mind
would not permit him to be a timid and wavering man. He lived not to witness the
capture of Sir Edmund Andros, and the other associates of his tyranny, at Fort Hill, in
April, 1689, and an end put to their oppressions by that event. But it must be remem-
bered that he contributed much to cherish that firni spirit of resistance, which produced
that change, and which early taught what a brave and united people might do. Many of
his descendants have inherited his high and patriotic spirit. I relate one anecdote, which
illustrates the character of this family, and the spirit of the times. It was told me by
the Hon. Ebenezer Fisher, of this town, late one of the Council, a descendant of Capt.
Fisher. When Sir Edmund was captured on Fort Hill, by the Bostonians, he surren-
dered, and went unarmed to Mr. Usher's [1638] house, where he remained under
guard for some hours. When the news of this event reached Dedham, Capt. Daniel
Fisher [born in 1650], the son of the proscribed patriot, then dead, — a stout, strong
man, possessing his father's hatred of the tyrant, and his resolute spirit, — instantly set
out for Boston, and came rushing in with the country people, who were in such a rage
and heat as made all tremble again. Nothing would satisfy the country party but
binding the Governor with cords, and carrying him to a more safe place. Capt. Fisher
was seen among the crowd, leading the pale and trembling Sir Edmund by the collar
of his coat from the house of Mr. Usher [1638], back to Fort Hill. History has
informed us of this incident in that revolution, but it has never informed us who took
the lead of the country people, and who had the honor of leading the proud represent-
ative of a Stuart Prince, the oppressor of the colony, through the assembled crowd, and
placing him in safe custody at the fort."

Capt. Fisher (1640) "was likewise much employed in the various affairs of the
town. Did any enterprise require a hardy and skilful agent, he was the man most
likely to be selected. In 1663, he, with another, went through the wilderness in search
of a tract of good land, which a vague rumor had hinted was about twelve miles from
Hadley. He had the honor of being sent an ambassador to King Philip, to negotiate
a treaty for his lands at Wrentham."

The late distinguished Fisher .Ames was descended maternally from him.

102 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1640-1

Joshua Fisher (1640), of Dedham, son of Joshua, first cousin of Anthony (1644)
and of Daniel (1640), was baptized at Syleham, England, April 2, 1621. He came to
Dedham in 1637, and joined the Dedham church in August, 1639. He was admitted a
freeman May 13, 1640. He married, (i) Nov. 15, 1643, Mary Aldis, of Dedham, who
died Sept. 3, 1653, and, (2) Feb. 16, 1654, Lydia, widow of Samuel Oliver (1648), of
Boston. He died at Dedham, Aug. 10, 1672, and his widow died Feb. 2, 1683.

Mr. Fisher (1640) was very active in town matters. He was town clerk four years,
and selectman twenty-one years. He was licensed by the General Court, Oct. 20, 1658,
" to sell strong water to reheve the inhabitants, being remote from Boston, for one year."
His tavern was near the present junction of High and Court streets, in Dedham, to the
keeping of which his son, Capt. Joshua, succeeded. The inventory of his estate shows
that he was surveyor, apothecary, and innholder, and he was likewise " a maker of artistic
maps." '

In 1642, the town granted him a lot of eight acres, and another of six acres, and the
next year an additional lot. From the colonial archives of Massachusetts Bay we learn
that in 1648 he was appointed lieutenant of the military company in Dedham, and
usually after this time he is styled " Lieutenant," and when he is not, his name is
connected with some survey that identifies his individuality. In 1649, he petitioned for
relief from the excise of wines; in 1650 was appointed by the General Court to run the
line between Sudbury and Watertown ; in 1653, 1662, 1663, 1664, 1666, 1667, 1668,
1671, and 1672, was elected deputy to the General Court; in 1656 was appointed to lay
out Mr. Alcock's land, also Mr. Bradstreet's eight hundred acres; in 1664, the General
Court granted him three hundred acres of land for surveying the south line of the patent
of Massachusetts Bay, next to Plymouth; in 1666, he settled the controversy between
Mr. Z. Gold and Gov. Endicott, as to land bounds, and laid out Gov. Endicott's farm, on
Ipswich River; in 1667 was appointed, with others, to lay out the town of Mendon ;
also to lay out Dedham's eight thousand acres, near Hadley. In 1670, the General
Court ordered a further survey of the line between Massachusetts and Plymouth, and
Oct. II, 1670, the bill, forty shillings, of Lieut. Fisher (1640), for doing the same, was
paid to his children. The survey was reported to the General Court May 15, 1672, and
Lieut. Fisher (1640) died in August of that year.

From the records of Dorchester, we learn that Lieut. Fisher (1640) was employed to
run the line between Dedham and Dorchester; in 1670, to run the line from "Blue
Hill" to Plymouth; in 1661, Dorchester paid him for a new map of the town, and in
1670, for a second revised map. The Dedham records show that, in 1649, he was
deputed, and undertook to make, a true plat of the outmost lines of the town.
He was second sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1648.

The honorable positions accorded him by the town, the military, and the Common-
wealth, prove that he was a sagacious, capable, and active man, in whom his own and the
adjoining towns had perfect confidence.

Joshua Fisher (1640). Authorities: Ded- inherited the property. He married, Oct. 30, 1742,

ham Records ; 250th Anniversary of Dedham, pp. Deborah Fisher, who was the mother of Fisher

66, 193; Dedham Hist. Reg., 1891, 37; 1892, 191 ; Ames, known in history. The tavern was called

Mass. Col. Archives; Whitman's Hist. A. and H. the Ames Tavern until the Revolution, when it be-

A. Company, Ed. 1842. came known as Woodward's Tavern, and was taken

The tavern, fronting on High Street, passed down in 1S17. It was the birthplace of Fisher

from Capt. Joshua to his daughter Mary, wife of Ames. — See Deiffiam Hist. Reg., Vol. /I.,/'. 37.
Dr. Nathaniel Ames, Sr. On the death of his ' Hon. Charles Levi Woodbury's MSB.

wife, in 1737, and of his son, in 1738, Dr. Ames

1640-1I HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. I03

John Friend (1640) was of Salem in 1637; but in 1640, " 3011' day of the i"
moneth," Boston Records say, " John Friend, Carpenter, now dwelling in this Towne,
is to be allowed to be an Inhabitant thereof." ' In 1654, he is again recorded in Salem
as a carpenter. He is named in 3 Mass. Hist. Coll., III., 159, in connection with the
Pequot War.

His removal to Boston was perhaps occasioned by his obtaining work at Cambridge.
In the History of Harvard College, by Josiah Quincy, it appears that John Friend (1640)
was one of the carpenters who worked on the first college building. His name occurs
several times in the treasurer's reports, as being paid for his labor. In 1639, he made
a donation in work to the college of £,1 Zs. ; the same year discounted ^10 on his bill,
and made another donation of ^3 iojt. He was a sergeant of the Artillery Company
in 1640.

His will was dated Jan. 4, 1656, in which year he died, probably at Salem.

John Gutteridge (1640) (Goodridge), of Boston in 1640, was a tailor. He became
a member of the church Jan. 29, 1642, and a freeman May 18 of that year. He was
admitted to be a townsman in Boston, Jan ^i, 1641-2. By his wife, Prudence, he had
a son, born in Boston, Oct. i, 1642.

William Hudson (1640), of Boston, was admitted a freeman Oct. 12, 1640.

"Before the birth of his daughter, Hannah," March 12, 1644, he went to England and
served as ensign in the company of John Leverett (1639), under Israel Stoughton
(1637), Rainsburrow's (1639) regiment, in the Earl of Manchester's army, on the side
of Parliament. He became tired of the service and returned home. His return may
have been hastened "by a sad business which fell out this year [1645] ^^ Boston," an
account of which is given in Winthrop's History, Vol. II., p. 249, and is quoted by
Whitman in his History of the Artillery Company, second edition, p. 105. According
to the Boston Records, " April 2, 1638, William Hudson [1640], called ' the Younger,'
was granted a lot at Muddy River for 3 heads; July 2, 1639, Richard Carter carpenter
may buy a house and ground of William Hudson [1640] the Yoimger, next Thos
Oliver's new house plot; condition, inoffensive carriage; March 30, 1640, he was
allowed by the General Court to keep an ordinary, and was elected a surveyor at Boston
in 1647." He sold his house and garden, on Washington Street, between West and
Boylston streets, to Richard Carter, in 1639. By Boston Records, City Doc. 46, p. 94, it
appears that William Hudson (1640) owned property at the corner of "Hudson's Lane
now Elm Street." This was known as the "Castle Tavern," and Hudson (1640) and
his wife Anne conveyed it, in 1674, to John Wing (167 i).

The two hundred soldiers to be raised in Massachusetts in 1664, for the Dutch

John Friend (1640). Authorities: New 1S79, 18S0; King's Chapel Burial-Grouiid, by

Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1847, 1852; Quincy's Bridgman.

Hist. Harv. Coll.; Report of Boston Rec. Com., ' Mr. Savage believes that John Friend (1640)

1634-1660; Savage's Gen. Diet. was at Saybrouk, Conn., prior to his being at Salem.

John Gutteridge (1640). Authorities : Sav- His opinion was probably based upon the following

age's Gen. Diet.; Report of Boston Rec. Com.. paragraph in a letter of Gov. Winthrop to his son

1634-1660. John, Governor of Connecticut, over date of " 10 of

William Hudson (1640). Authorities: the 4. 1656": " I pray deliver this letter enclosed
Whitman's Hist. A. and II. A. Company, Ed. 1842: to John Friend, and if he pay you the money, de-
Savage's Gen. Diet.; Report of Boston Rec. Com., liver him his bill, (which is here also enclosed;) if
1634-1660; New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1S47, not, I pray return it to me."

I04

HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1640-I

expedition, were to be commanded by Capt. Hugh Mason and Capt. William Hudson
(1640). William Hudson (1640) was appointed a commissioner to King Philip, at
Taunton, in 1670, in company with William Davis (1643) and Thomas Brattle (1675).

William Hudson (1640) was a lieutenant in a militia company in Boston, in 1654,
captain of the same in 1661, fourth sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1646, third
sergeant in 1647, second sergeant in 1650, first sergeant in 165 1, ensign in 1653,
lieutenant in 1656 and 1660, and captain in 1661.

Administration on his estate was granted Sept. 9, 1681, to Col. Samuel Shrimpton
(1670). Bridgman describes the gravestone of Capt. William " Hutson," in King's
Chapel Burial-Ground. At the top, it bears representations of "cross-bones" and an
"hour glass", under them respectively the words "Memento mori'' and "Fi/git hori,"
and beneath are the following words : "Memento esse morialium. Here lyeth buried ye
body of Capt William Hutson aged 67 years departed this life December ye 6, 1680."

John Humfrey (1640), of Lynn, was "a gentleman of great merit for his services
and affection to our country in its first attempts." At the second meeting of the
Massachusetts Company in London, in 1629, he was chosen deputy governor, but did
not come over before July, 1634.' The company's interest demanding that he should
remain in England, Thomas Dudley was chosen to serve in his place, and came over
with Winthrop in 1630. Expecting the arrival of Mr. John Humfrey (1640), he was
chosen assistant in 1632 and 1633, and on and after his arrival, until 1642. He was
bred a lawyer, and married Susan, daughter of the third Earl of Lincoln. When Mr.
Humfrey (1640) came over he brought not only his wife and children, but, says Win-
throp, "more ordnance, muskets and powder."

He was one of the six original purchasers of Massachusetts Bay, March 19, 1627,
from the Council of Plymouth. A royal charter was necessary. This passed the seals
March 4, 1628-9. The annual election of officers under the charter took place on the
13th of May, 1629, when the governor, deputy governor, and assistants were chosen,
Mr. Humfrey (1640) being the fifth assistant named. Mr. Endicott, who had been
designated, April 30, 1629, as governor of the plantation, had already arrived at Salem
on the 6th of September preceding. His instructions, dated London, April 30, 1629,
were signed by the members of the Company of the Massachusetts Bay, including Mr.
Humfrey (1640), who was elected deputy governor in 1629.

On his arrival, he settled in Lynn. His residence was on the east side of Nahant
Street, and overlooked the sea, Nahant, and the beach. He owned land in Swampscott,
granted him in 1632 and in 1635 ; he had another five hundred acres in what is now
Lynnfield, including the little pond still known as Humfrey's Pond. He was admitted
a member of the Salem church Jan. 16, 1638. In 1641, the General Court made him a
grant of two hundred and fifty pounds, probably on account of his having had his house,
barn, hay, etc., burned in 1640. The servant by whose carelessness it occurred was
severely punished, being doomed to serve his master twenty-one years, without wages.-

John Humfrey (1640). Authorities: New sisters, arrived here." — Savage's Winthrop, Vol. I.,

Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1S77; Whitman's Hist. /. 160.

A. and H. A. Company, Ed. of 1842; Savage's *" Henry Stevens, for firing the barn of his

Winthrop, Vols. I. and II.; Savage's Gen. Diet.; master, Mr. John Humfrey [1640], he was ordered

Boston Commercial Gawlte, Aug. 31, 1826; Lewis's to be servant to Mr. Humfrey for 21 years from this

Hist, of Lynn. day, towards recom]iensing the loss." — Records of

' " [July, 1634.] Mr. Humfrey [1640] and the Mass. Bay, /., 295, Nozk i, 1640.
lady Susan, his wife, one of the Earl of Lincoln's

'^40-i] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY.

165

At the General Court held April 2, 1641, it was ordered that John Humfrey (1640)
be " Sergeant-Major General." He was, therefore, the first person who held that office,
and none other is mentioned until the organization of the militia in 1C44, when Thomas
Dudley was chosen to that office by the Legislature. He was appointed in 1636, with
Capt. Nathaniel Turner (1637), to lay out the bounds of Ipswich. His eldest son, John,
joined the Artillery Company in 164 1. He returned to England Oct. 26, 1641, and died
in 1661. Gov. Winthrop says, "Among the chief was John Humphrey, Esq., a gentle-
man of special parts of learning and activity, and a godly man, who had been one of the
first beginners in promoting of this plantation and had labored very much therein. He,
being brought low in his estate, and having many children, and being known to Lords of
Providence [Isle], and offering himself to their service, was accepted to be the next
Governor."

During his official terms as assistant, Mr. Humfrey (1640) was granted two tracts of
land, — one in "Marble Head" and one in Saugus ; was appointed to divide the land
in Ipswich, and to lay out Mr. Dunster's farm ; was one of the committee on military
affairs ; a commissioner concerning the will of William Paine, Sr., and was appointed to
hold courts in Salem and Saugus.

Mr. Lewis, in his History of Lynn, portrays at length the character of Mr. Humfrey
(1640). He says, "He was a native of Dorchester, England, — a lawyer and a man of
considerable wealth and good reputation : an original patentee of the colony and treasurer
of the Company. ... It is not improbable that he experienced a secret chagrin at
seeing the young and uninformed Henry Vane promoted to the office of Governor, above
one whose years, knowledge, and services entitled him to precedence. It is probable, like-
wise, that his affection for his wife, whose hopes were in the land of her nativity, had
some influence in determining his conduct. Living so far from the elegant circles in
which she had delighted, and having lost the sister (Lady Arbella) who might have been
the companion of her solitude, the Lady Susan was weary of the privations of the wilder-
ness, the howling of wild beasts, and the uncouth manners of the savages, and had
become lonely, disconsolate, and homesick. She had been the delight of her father's
home, and had glittered in all the pride of youth and beauty, in the court of the first
monarch in Europe [but] was now solitary and sad, separated by a wide ocean from her
father's home. . . . What the misfortunes and disappointments of Mrs. Humfrey had
begun, her importunities completed. He sold the principal part of his farm to Lady
Moody and returned to England with his wife on the 26th of October, 1641. . . .
The misfortunes which afterward befell some of his children, inflicted a wound on
the heart of the affectionate father from which he never recovered."

John Hurd (1640), of Boston, was a tailor, admitted, with his wife, Mary, to the
First Church July 7, 1639, and to be a freeman May 13, 1640.^ "A great lot at the
Mount" was granted him July 29, 1639, one house lot Feb. 24, 1639-40, and another
Jan. 31, 1641-2. John Leverett (1639) granted to John Hurd (1640) a house lot in
exchange for a lot in the New Field. This property of Hurd's (1640), including house

John Hurd (1640). Authorities: Savage's ' "John Ilord, tailor having served Mr William

Cen. Diet.; Report of Boston Rec. Com.; New Hutchinson in this Town divers years is allowed to

Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1S65; see the Diary of be an inhabitant." — Boston Records, March 25,

John Hull, p. 193, with note quoting the Records 1639.
of the First Church.

I06 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1640-1

and garden, was situated about midway between Summer and Bedford streets, on
Washington Street, and was mortgaged by Mr. Hurd (1640) in 1649, to Gov. Dudley,
for twenty-three pounds. John Hurd (1640) died Sept. 23, i6go.

Thomas Lechford (1640), of Boston, a lawyer from Clement's Inn, London, came
over in 1637. He was the first attorney who emigrated to New England. He found
it difficult to earn his bread. "Attorneys were discountenanced, though not actually
forbidden, and a prisoner or suitor might plead his own cause, or a friend might appear
for him, but not for a fee Lechford, for going to a jury and pleading with them out
of Court was debarred from pleading any man's cause hereafter unless his own, and
admonished not to presume to meddle beyond what he shall be called to by the Court."

At a court held Dec. i, 1640, "Mr. Thomas Lechford [1640], acknowledging he
had overshot himself, and is very sorry for it, promising to attend to his calling, and
not to meddle with controversies, was dismissed." He tried to maintain himself as a
scrivener, but obtained little employment, and his doctrinal positions were prejudicial to
his success. "I am kept," he wrote, "from the Sacrament and all place of preferment
in the Commonwealth, and forced to get my living by writing petty things which scarce
finds me bread ; and therefore sometimes I look to planting of corn, but have not yet
here an house of my own to put my head in, or any stock going." Having become
thoroughly discouraged, he returned to England in 1 641, in the same ship with Hugh
Peter, Thomas Welde, and John Winthrop, Jr.

In 1642, he issued in London a pamphlet of forty pages, entitled " Plain Dealing or
Newes from New England." He gives therein minute accounts of methods in Massa-
chusetts Bay, such as conducting elections, trials, etc. The forms of trial which so
much concerned him, he thus describes: "Twice a year, in the said great Quarter
Courts, held before the General Courts, are two grand juries sworn for the jurisdiction,
one for one Court and the other for the other ; and they are charged to inquire and
present offences, reduced by the Governor, who gives the charge, (generally) under the
heads of the ten commandments. Matters of debt, trespass, and upon the case, and
equity, yea, and of heresy also, are tried by a jury, which, although it may seem to be
indifferent, and the magistrates may judge what is law and what is equal, and some of
the chief ministers inform what is heresy, yet the jury may find a general verdict, if they
please ; and seldom is there any special verdict found by them, with deliberate argu-
ments made thereupon, which breeds many inconveniences. The parties be warned
to challenge any juryman, but because there is but one jury in court for trial of cases,
and all parties not present at their swearing, the liberty of the challenge is much
hindered, and some inconveniences do happen thereby. Juries are returned by the
Marshal ; he was at first called the Beadle of the Society. Seldom is there any matter
of record, saving the verdict, many times at random taken and entered, which is also
called the judgment. The parties in all cases speak themselves, for the most part ; and
some of the magistrates, where they think cause requireth, do the part of advocates,
without fee or reward."

Hutchinson calls him " a discontented attorney," and adds, " He left England
about the year 1637, being dissatisfied with the ecclesiastical government, and having

Thomas Lechford (1640). Auihouitif.s: Ed. 1842; Hutchinson's Hist, of New Eng.; Rec-
Savage's Gen .Diet.; Savage's Edition of Winthrop's ords of Mass. Bay, I., 294; Mem. Hist, of Boston,
Hist, of New Eng. ; Hist. .\. and H. A. Company, Vol.1.

'640-1] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. IO7

made himself obnoxious by his opposition to Episcopacy. When he came to New
England, he found every church-member a bishop ; and not incHning to become
one himself, he could not be admitted a freeman among them. The court took advan-
tage of an offence of another nature, his going to the jury and pleading with them out
of court, and debarred him from pleading any man's cause besides his own. lie became
in England, a zealous Episcopalian." Mr. Cotton says that Mr. Lechford (1640) died
soon after he published his book.

Lawrence Litchfield (1640), of Barnstable, whence he removed after 1643, and, in
1646, is found in Scituate. He died in Scituate in 1650. He was sent to Boston to
study the art of war, that he might command an offshoot of the Barnstable train-band
about to swarm in a new location, at Sippican, on the south shore. He settled in Barn-
stable, near what is now called the " Great Pond," and adjoined to the estate of Gov.
Hinckley. Mr. Litchfield (1640) is believed to be the progenitor of the families in New
England of this name.

Henry Looker (1640), of Sudbury, On the oldest roll-book this name is spelled
Lucar. He was admitted to be a freeman May 10, 1643. He sustained a loss of one
hundred pounds by the attack of the Indians on Sudbury, April 21, 1676. Families by
the name of Loker have lived within the ancient limits of Sudbury since the time of its
settlement, dwelling, for the most part, in the territory now Wayland.

Francis Lyall (1640), of Boston in 1638, was a barber-surgeon, admitted to be an
inhabitant .of the town Aug. 7, 1638. He joined the First Church Sept. 29, 1639, and
became a freeman May 13, 1640. The house and garden of Francis Lyle, or Lyall
(1640), which he bought in 1641 of the widow of Walter Blackborne (1638), were on
(the present) Washington Street, nearly opposite the head of Milk Street. Previous to
this, March 25, 1639, leave was granted to " Brother Valentine Hill [1638] to build a
fitting-house and a shopp upon the house plott which he hath bought that was our
brother M'" William Aspinvi'alls [1643] ^-^d to let it to Francis Lysle [1640] Barber."
This place was on State Street, opposite Merchants' Exchange.

Mr. Lyall (1640) went to England with Leverett (1639) and others, to serve in the
cause of Parliament, and became surgeon in the life-guard of the Earl of Manchester.
"He returned, like most of his townsmen, to New England in 1645," says Mr. Savage;
but Winthrop, II., 245, states that " three of them went to England again about the end
of this year, but came back again and settled themselves here, all save the surgeon."

Surgeon Lyall (1640) was in Boston, Aug. 12, 1645, for '" the Records of the Colony
of Massachusetts Bay, after the appointment of Capt. Leverett (1639) to be captain in an
expedition against the Narragansets, it says : " The Cort conceive that Mr Loyall, the
surgeon, lately come out of that impliment [employment] of the Earle of Manchester, in
England, may be fit to be sent forth with our present forces, in that impliment." The
same day the General Court ordered " that a ioyner should be pressed to make a
surgeon's boxe for Mr Lisle & the constable to pvide ould linnen for the surgeon's use."

Lawrence Litchfield (1640). Authorities: Francis Lyall (1640). Authorities : Sav-

New Eng. Hist, and Oen. Reg., 1855; Savage's Gen. age's Gen. Diet.; Report of Boston Rec. Com.,

Diet; Gen. Notes of Bavnstalile Families, Vol. IL 1634-1660; Snow's Hist, of Boston, p. iiS; Sav-

Henry Looker (1640). Authorities: Hud- age's Edition of Winthmp's Hist, of New Eng.
son's Hist, of Sudbury; Records of Mass. Bay, H.

I08 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1640-t

His wife, Alice, died in 1666, and her son-in-law, Freegrace Bendall (1667), admin-
istered on her estate.

Thomas Marshall (1640), of Lynn in 1635, was admitted to be a freeman in 1641.
Whitman says he was a tailor, but he is best known as the landlord of Anchor Tavern.
This renowned hostelry stood on the west side of Saugus River, on the road leading from
Salem to Boston. Mr. Armitage, its first landlord, was succeeded in 1652 by Mr. John
Hathorne, who was succeeded by Capt. Thomas Marshall (1640). "He was one of the
most jolly and hospitable landlords, and during his administration no wayside inn
throughout the colonies enjoyed a more enviable reputation." Previous to this time,
however, when the reign and the life of Charles I. had reached the culminating point,
his military spirit was aroused, and he went to England, and received from Cromwell a
captain's commission in the Parliamentary army. He served faithfully, was honorably
discharged, and returned safely to his home. Nov. 29, 1659, the Quarterly Court ordered :
" Thomas Marshall of Lynn is allowed by this Court, to sell strong water to travillers,
and alsoe other meet provisions." John Dunton, the London bookseller, who visited
Lynn in 1 686, thus wrote in his journal : " About two of the clock, I reached Captain
Marshall's house, which is half-way between Boston and Salem ; here I staid to refresh
nature with a pint of sack and a good fowl. Capt Marshall is a hearty old gentleman,
formerly one of Oliver's soldiers, upon which he very much values himself. He had all
the history of the civil wars at his finger's ends, and if we may believe him, Oliver did
hardly anything that was considerable without his assistance ; and if I 'd have staid as
long as he 'd have talked, he 'd have spoiled my ramble to Salem."

His fellow-townsmen elected him six times, first in 1659, and last in 1668, as their
representative to the General Court, besides conferring upon him minor positions of
honor and respectability. On the iSth of October, 1659, Capt. Marshall (1640) was
authorized by the General Court to join in marriage such persons in Lynn as conformed
to the legal requirements. In 1670, he was discharged from " ofificyating in that im])loy-
ment," because his " overmuch credulity " led him into the error of marrying some
whose " intentions " had not been properly published.

It was at Capt. Marshall's (1640) tavern that Judge Sewall (1679) tarried in 1686,
on his way from Newbury to Boston, where he learned that Benjamin Davis (1673)
had been elected captain of the Artillery Company June 7, 1686.

Capt. Marshall (1640) commanded the military company of Lynn at the time of
King Philip's War, in 1675. He dispensed the hospitalities of Anchor Tavern for forty
years. He was a model landlord, active, attentive, pleasing, and instructive, well versed
in the affairs of church and state, both in England and Massachusetts Bay. He died
Dec. 23, 1689, at the age of seventy-three years.

James Oliver (1640), of Boston, was the son of 'the ruling elder, Thomas Oliver,
and brother of John Oliver (1638). James was brought by his father, in 1632, from
Bristol, Somerset County, England, in the " William and Francis." He was admitted
to be a freeman Oct. 12, 1640. He was captain of one of the Boston companies in
1673, and during King Philip's War was in the great fight of Dec. 19, 1675. He served

Thomas Marshall (1640). Authorities: James Oliver (1640). Autikirities: New

Ilurd's Hist, of MiilillcscxCo., Vol. I., pp. 322-324, Eng. Hist, and flen. Keg., 1865, 1SS5; Mem. Hist.

50S; New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1872, 1S79; of IJoston; Sav.ige's Gen. Diet.; Hill's Hist, of Old

Records of Mass. Bay. South Church; Records of Mass. Bay.

■640-I] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY.

109

as a selectman of Boston from 1653 to 1656 inclusive, and from 1662 to 1678 inclusive,
making a total of twenty-one years in that office. In 1653, he had the title of cornet.
He held office in the militia until 16S0, when, as captain, he was discharged at his own
request. He was third sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1646, first sergeant in 1648,
ensign in 1651, lieutenant in 1653, and captain in 1656 and 1666.

On the 3d of April, 1652, the selectmen voted that "Ensign James Oliver [1640]
and Sarjt Petter Oliver [1643] are granted libertie for to set up a wind mile one the tope
of the hile between the towne and the hile Called Foxhile," etc. Fox Hill was formerly
a small hill in the marshes at the bottom of the Common. The oft-recurrence of the
name of James Oliver (1640) in the early records of Boston, and the conferring upon
him of so" many positions of responsibility, prove that he was a practical, faithful, and
trusted citizen. His house and yard were on State Street, next below Francis I^yall's
(1640), and opposite Merchants' Exchange.

Mr. Whitman (1810) relates, "In 1675 many Indians, 'who had subjected them-
selves to the English, were hurried down to Deer Island, where they remained during
the winter' and suffered severely. 'On the loth of September, at nine o'clock at night,
(such was the alarm of the people) there gathered together about forty men, some of
note, and came to the house of Capt James Oliver [1640] ; two or three of them went
into his entry to desire to speak with him, which was to desire him to be their leader,
and they should join together, and go and break open the prison, and take one Indian
out thence and hang him. Capt Oliver [1640], hearing their request, took his cane and
cudgeled them stoutly, and so for that time, dismissed the company, which had he in
the least countenanced, it might have been accompanied with ill events in the end.'
He was a member of the Old South Church," and died in 1682, without children.

Ralph Ory (1640).

Henry Phillips (1640), of Dedham in 1637, of Boston in 1656, and of Hadley in
1672, was a butcher, and was admitted to be a freeman March 13, 1639. He married
(i), "5' of the I'*' mo. 1639," Mary Brock, who died Aug. i, 1640; and he married (2),
May I, 1641, Ann Hunting. She died in a very few years, and he married for his third
wife Mary Dwight.' In the winter of 1638-9, "Henry Phillips who appeared to ye
church a tender and broken hearted Christian," was admitted to the church.

Mr. Worthington says, "He came to Dedham from Watertown and was solicited to
become a candidate for the ministry ; he chose, however, to be a candidate in another
place, but some events prevented his settlement in any town, and he became as our Church
Records say, 'a discouraged and broken-hearted Christian.' Mather inserts his name
among the ministers, as a resident of Dedham." Henry Phillips was ensign of the
Dedham company in 1648, and clerk of the Boston market in 1658. He removed to

Henry Phillips (1640). Authorities: Whil- deep. Snow very deep: so in the New-burial Place

man's Hist. A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1842; Sav- [Copp's HillJ, 3 Paths, 2 for the 2 Files of Sould-

age's Gen. Diet. ; Dedham Town Records; Dedham iers, middlemost for the Relations. Edw. Cowel

Hist. Reg., 1892. and Mr Winchcoml) go before the Governour. Re-

" [16S5-6] Feb. 3, Wednesday, Mr. Henry tm-n Wait is refused though I see he ivas there." —

Phillips is buried with Arms, he having been an Sruuill Pnpeis, Vol. I., p. 121.
Ensign at Dedham, and in Boston several years of ' In Suffolk Deeds, Lib. II., p. 155, is recorded

Capt Oliver's Company. Capt Hutchinson led the a marriage contract, dated June 24, 1653, in which

Souldiers, his and Capt Townsends' Company spring- he makes over to Mary Dwight his dwelling-house

ing of said Oliver's, Capt Townsend and Capt Hill in Dedham, with barns, orchards, and gardens, with

each of them Trailed a Pike : were about 24 Files 4 ten acres of upland and six of meadow.

no HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1640-1

Boston about November, 1655, when he bought a house there of Joshvia (1640) and
Cydia Fisher. In 1672, he became a deacon in the church at Hadley, and the same year
was elected to represent that town in the General Court. He was buried Feb. 3, 1686.

Samuel Shepard (1640), of Cambridge in 1635, came in the "Defence," aged
twenty-two years, by the custom-house records. He is called a servant of Harlakenden,
probably to deceive the British government. He arrived Oct. 3, 1635, was one of the
first members of a new church gathered Feb i, 1636, in "New Town," and was admitted
to be a freeman March 3, 1636. He was a half-brother of Rev. Thomas Shepard, of
Cambridge. He purchased the estate on the southerly side of Harvard Street, extending
from Holyoke Street to Bow Street. Samuel Shepard (1640) was an able and useful
citizen. He was intrusted by the General Court, in September, 1639, with the manage-
ment of the college stock, and with " the completion of the building begun by Mr.
Eaton." He was selectman in 1638, representative in 1639, 1640, 1644, and 1645, clerk
of the writs in .1640, and commissioner for small causes in 1641. He was intimately
associated with Col. George Cooke (1638) ; they were both military men; both came
over in the " Defence " ; they sen'ed here together, and went back to England together
to serve in the army of Cromwell. He was the first ensign of the military company
organized in Cambridge in December, 1636, of which George Cooke (1638) was captain.
In October, 1645, having been excused from their duties as members of the General Court,
they sailed together for England. Both enlisted in the cause of Parliament, — Cooke
(1638) as colonel, and Shepard (1640) as major. His church relation was severed prior
to 1658. He had then been in Ireland several years, for under date of March 8,
1649-50, he wrote from London to Deacon Edward Collins (1641), appointing him his
attorney in New England, saying, " I am within a few days to be in Ireland, if God will ;
but the next letters will, I hope, settle me." Edward Collins (1641) was granted
administration on the estate of Samuel Shepard (1640), deceased, Sept. 15, 1673.

Christopher Stanley (1640), of Boston in 1635, came, at the age of thirty-two years,
in the "Elizabeth and Ann," from London. He joined the First Church May 16, 1641,
and was admitted a freeman on the 2d of June next following. He is called in the
church records a "taylor." In 1640, he was granted one acre "upon the little island at
Hogg Island " ; in 1642, he was given permission to buy "the marish in the mill-field,"
at forty shillings per acre ; May 29, 1643, he was appointed "water Bayliffe to cleare the
Shoare of all offences to boates or the like"; April 2, 1644, he was granted liberty to
wharf before his property near Winnisimmet Ferry, in the mill-field. He was a captain
in the militia, and died March 27, 1646. He left a good estate to his widow, who
married William Phillips (1644), and made the first bequest to the town for the support
of schools.'

Samuel Shepard (1640). Authorities: Mr. Shepard's (1640^ accounts are printed in

Ilurd's Hist, of Middlesex Co., Vol. I., p. 177; the above-mentioned volume.
Paige's Hist, of Cambridge; Quincy's Hist, of Christopher Stanley (1640). .\urHORiTiES:

Hatv. Coll. Savage's Cien. Diet.; Report of Boston Rec. Com.,

"College Book, No. III., p. 3, after stating, 1634-1660; New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1S30

that Nathaniel Eaton, having been convicted of (will).

sundry abuses, was, in September, 1639, removed ' 1 649, April 9, the town record says, " William

from his trust, proceeds thus: 'The charge of carry- Phillips [1644] hath agreed to give 131 4c/ per

ing on the building begun by Mr. Eaton was then annum forever to the use of the schools for the land

committed to the management of Mr. .Samuel Shep- that Christopher Stanley [1640] gave in his will for

ard [1640], and the College Book was put into his the schools' use."
hands.' " — Quhicfs Hisl. Harv. Coll., Vol. I.

1640-'] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY." Ill

Robert Turner (1640), of Boston in 1633, is called in the records of the First
Church, of which he became a member Sept. 8, 1633, "our brother Edward Bendall's
£1638] man-servant." He was admitted a freeman March 4, 1634. In 1639, he had
a wife, Penelope. Their first child was Ephraim Turner (1663), who was born Dec. 13,
1639. Mr. Turner (1640) was an innholder. He bought of Richard Fairbanks (1654),
in 1652, the property where the Boston Globe building now stands, and erected a new
building upon the lot, which afterwards became known as the "Blue Anchor" tavern.
The town voted, "5th 8mo. [1652], Sergt Turner [1640] is alowed to have his new
house to jet out farther into the street then his old house now standeth," etc. He
furnished lodgings and refreshments to government officials, to commissioners of the
United Colonies, and to the clergy, when assembled in convention by order of the
General Court. The rooms in the "Anchor," or "Blue Anchor," tavern, were desig-
nated as the "Cross Keyes," "Green Dragon," the "Anchor and Castle Chamber,"
and the " Rose and Sun Low Room." This tavern, in 1691, was kept by the celebrated
landlord, George Monck. The Boston Records inform us that on the 28* of i mo., 1642,
the selectmen ordered the constable to pay Robert Turner (1640) eighteen shillings for
"Dyet, beere and fire for the Selectmen." Gleaner's article No. XXXVI., in Vol. V.
of the Reports of the Record Commissioners of Boston, gives an exhaustive account of
"Robert Turner's [1640] great pasture on Beacon street and hill."

He held the office of sergeant in the Boston militia in 1652, and that of lieutenant
in 165s, and until his decease. Lieut. Turner (1640) was first sergeant of the Artillery
Company in 1659, ensign in 1661, and lieutenant in 1662.

His will of July 9, 1664, which was proved Aug. 24, 1664, "as he spoke it," is given
in the New England Historical and Genealogical Register, Vol. XIIL, p. 11.

David Yale (1640), of Boston, son of David and Anne Yale, of Wales, came to
America, probably, in 1637, with his stepfather. Gov. Theophilus Eaton, who married,
as his second wife, Anne, the widow of David Yale, Sr. They settled in New Haven,
Conn. Mr. Yale (1640) was not suited with New Haven, and very soon after his

arrival moved to Boston and settled there as a merchant. He married Ursula ,

by whom he had at least four children, Elizabeth, David, Elihu, born April 5, 1649, ^nd
Theophilus. Mr. Savage says David Yale (1640) "was probably driven from Massa-
chusetts by the intolerance of the age, for his estate here was sold by his attorneys,"
Capt. Thomas Clarke (1638) and Capt. Thomas Lake (1653). Mr. Yale (1640) was
a sympathizer with the views of Samuel Maverick (1658), Dr. Robert Child (1639),
Thomas Fowle (1639), and others, and with them signed that "petition of seditious
character," which brought them before the court. All except Mr. Maverick (1658) very
soon returned to England.

David Yale (1640) purchased, in 1645, of Edward Bendall (1638), his house and
garden, "containing two acres," which "had Sudbury [Court] Street on the east and
took in Tremont Row and the centre of Scollay Square." He was second sergeant of
the Artillery Company in 1648.

Not long after the birth of Theophilus in 1652, the family returned to England and

Robert Turner (1640). Authoritiks: Bos- David Yale (1640). Authorities: New

ton Records; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Mem. Hist, of Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1S50; Savage's Edition

Boston; Drake's Landmarks of Boston; Whitmore's of Winthrop's Hist., Vol. U.; Savage's Gen. Diet. ;

Notes to Jolin Dunton's Letters; \Vhitnian'5 Hist. Hist, of Education in Conn., No. 14, Bureau of

A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1S42. Education, U. S. A., 1S93.

112 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1641-2

settled there. Elihu, when about twenty-one years of age, went to Madras, India, to
make his fortune as a merchant, and became president of Madras. He had great
opportunities to acquire wealth, and in 1692 returned to England very rich. Through
the influence of Mr. Drummer and Cotton Mather, Elihu Yale was induced to make a
present of eight hundred pounds in goods to the college of New Haven, on account
of which gift the institution was given the name of " Yale." The goods were consigned
for the college to Col. William Tailer (17 12), who represented Mr. Elihu Yale on
commencement day, in 17 18.

, The officers elected were : Edward Gibbons (1637), captain ; Thomas

T n 4 J - 2 , Savage (1637), lieutenant; Benjamin Keane (163S), senior sergeant;
I Edward Hutchinson (1638), junior sergeant; John Leverett (1639),

clerk, and Arthur Perry (1638), drummer.

The Company elected Capt. Gibbons (1637) a second time, probably on account of
his superior qualifications and his great personal popularity.

The new members recruited in 1641-2 were: Thomas Barker, John Biggs, Robert
Bridges, Edward Collins, Samuel Eldred, John Hardier, Joshua Hobart, Nathaniel
Howard, Jeremiah Howchin, John Humfrey, Jr., John Manning, John Milam, John
Mousall, John Newton, Adam Otley, George Palmer, Thomas Parish, John Severne,
William Torrey, John Townsend, John Westgate, Stephen Winthrop.

Thomas Barker (1641), of Rowley,' came from Ragwell, in the county of Suffolk,
England. He became a freeman May 13, 1640. He died in 1650, and his widow
became the third wife of Rev. Ezekiel Rogers.

John Biggs (1641), of Boston in 1630, came, probably, with Winthrop, as he was
one of the earliest members of the First Church, and was admitted to be a freeman
March 4, 1634. In 1635, he removed to Ipswich, but soon returned, and being one of
the sympathizers with Mr. Wheelwright, he delivered up his arms to Capt. Robert
Keayne (1637) ii^ November, 1637. He probably lived in Exeter, N. H., a short time,
where Wheelwright and his followers established themselves in 1638. A grant of land
was made to him, west of North Russell Street, in Boston, in 1641. His dwelling was on
Court Street, on the third lot from Washington Street, on the east side. He was one of
the donors, Aug. 12, 1661, "towards the maintenance of a free-schoolmaster." Mr.
Biggs (1641) was second sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1659.

Robert Bridges_(i64i), of Lynn in 1640, was admitted a freeman June 2, 1641.
Soon after, he went to England, but returned with John Winthrop, Jr., in 1643. He was
captain of the Lynn train-band at the organization of the militia in 1644, and the same
year was elected deputy from Lynn. He was twice re-elected, 1645 and 1646, and the

John Biggs (1641). Auihokities: Savage's Hist, of Essex Co., p. 294; Whitman's Hist. A. and

Gen. Diet.; Savage's Edition of Winthrop's Hist, of H. .\. Company; Savage's Edition of Winthrop's

New Eng.; New Eng. Reg., 1861, p. 252 (will). Hist, of New Eng.

Robert Bridges (1641). Authokities: Sav- ' Savage's Gen. Diet., Vol. I.
age's Gen. Diet.; Lewis's Mist, of Lynn; Hurd's

1641-2] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. II3

latter year he was speaker of the House of Representatives. He was elected assistant
in 1647, s-'^d was yearly re-elected until 1656, the year of his death.

He was a man of property, ability, and marked traits of character. In 1645, he was
appointed, with Richard Walker (1638) and Sergt. Marshall, by the New England
Confederation, to negotiate with Monsieur d'Aulnay, knight captain-general for the
King of France, Governor of the French province of Acadia. The negotiation was
successful, and the commissioners were duly recompensed, Capt. Bridges (1641) being
paid ten pounds.

In 1645, Capt. Bridges (1641) was one of a committee of five members of the
House, to draft bills "for positive lawes" against lying, Sabbath-breaking, profanity,
drunkenness, and kindred vices. He joined with the Governor and assistants in 1649,
and signed a " protestation against the prevailing custom of wearing long hair, ' after
the manner of ruffians and barbarous Indians.'" In the month of June, 1654, "Thomas
Wheeler [was] bound over to the Court by the worshipful Captain Bridges [1641] for
sinful and offensive speeches made by him in comparing Rev. Mr. Cobbett to Corah."
Wheeler was sentenced to make public acknowledgment, pay the witnesses jQ\2 2s. 6J.,
and fees of the court.

"On Sunday, July 20, 1651, three men of the Baptist persuasion, from Rhode
Island, named Clark, Crandall, and Holmes, went to the house of one Witter, at Swamp-
scott, where Mr. Clark began to preach. On hearing this, Capt. Bridges [164 1], the
magistrate, sent two constables to apprehend them, as disturbers of the peace. In the
afternoon, they were taken to Mr. Whiting's meeting, where they refused to uncover
their heads. Mr. Bridges [1641] ordered a constable to take off their hats, when one
of them attempted to speak, but was prevented. At the close of the meeting, one of
them made some remarks, after which they were taken to the Anchor Tavern, and
guarded through the night. In the morning they were sent to Boston and imprisoned."
From such incidents, it would seem that though Capt. Bridges (1641) was honest,
religious, and faithful to his convictions, yet he was exacting, and rigorous, if not
bigoted. Johnson says, " He was endued with able parts, and forward to improve them
to the glory of God and his people's good."

In 1642, he took specimens of the bog-ore found in Lynn to London, and formed
a company, which soon after set up a bloomery and forge. Winthrop having inspired
him to that undertaking, was the probable cause of fiis return to New England in 1643.
Capt. Bridges (1641) lived to see this enterprise fail, and the property sold to pay
Mr. Savage's (1637) attachment, notwithstanding the material aid granted by the
colony. Suits against the company were protracted through twenty years. Hubbard
says " that, instead of drawing out bars of iron for the country's use, there was ham-
mered out nothing but contention and lawsuits." Lewis adds, "They continued in
operation on a small scale for more than one hundred years. The heaps of scoria are
nearly overgrown with grass, and are called 'cinder-banks.' "

In 1644, by order of the General Court, Capt. Bridges (1641) had "the care of
two great guns" belonging to the town of Lynn. On the aSth of April, 1648, his house
was consumed by fire. He died in 1656, having lived in constant activity, loyal to the
colony, and devoted to its best interests. He was ensign of the Artillery Company in
1642, and lieutenant in 1644.

114 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1641-2

Edward Collins (i64i),of Cambridge in 1636, was admitted a freeman May 13,
1640. He joined the Cambridge church, and was elected a deacon therein before 1658.
Mr. Collins (1641) was a representative from 1654 to 1670, and held various town
offices in Cambridge. During his service in the General Court, he served on some of
the most important committees. He was an intimate friend of Gen. Gookin (1645).
For some years he lived on the farm of Gov. Cradock, in Medford, and finally purchased
it for four hundred and fifty pounds. He sold one thousand six hundred acres to
Richard Russell (1644), and the remainder to other parties. His residence in Cam-
bridge was on the easterly side of Holyoke Street, nearly opposite the present site of
the printing-office. This estate he sold to Gen. Gookin (1645), in whose family it
remained until 1760. "In 1675, Mr. Collins [1641], at the age of seventy-three years,
was still engaged in speculations in real estate " in Medford. He was admitted, Jan.
15, 167 1, an inhabitant of Charlestown, where he died, April 9, 1689, aged about
eighty-six years.

Samuel Eldred (1641), of Cambridge, had four children by wife Elizabeth, born
in that town between 1641 and 1649. The only other fact known concerning him,
when residing in Cambridge, is that he testified in a suit of Edward Goffe against
Richard Cutter, "for wrongfully detaining calves." After the testimony had been given,
the town, having considered the business, fined both the plaintiff and defendant.
Mr. Eldred (1641) is supposed to have moved to Wickford, R. I., where, as a constable,
he figured prominently in the dispute between Rhode Island and Connecticut concerning
the boundary line. He was in Rochester in 1688, and is mentioned in the Revolution
in New England Justified, p. 20.

John Hardier (i64i),of Braintree.

Joshua Hobart (i64i),of Hingham, son of Edmund and Margaret Hobart, was
born in Hingham, England, in 1614. He came to America with his parents in 1633,
and tarried at Charlestown, where he was received into the church. In 1635, he removed
to Hingham, Mass., where his brother. Rev. Peter Hobart, was pastor of the church.
Joshua (1641) was admitted to be a freeman Sept. 3, 1634. He married in March,
1638, Ellen Ibrook, of Cambridge. He was a selectman of Hingham eight years,
between 1662 and 1681 ; was deputy to the General Court in 1643, ^^^d served in that
office a total of twenty-five years; was speaker of the House in 1674; was interested in
the militia; became ensign in 1648, lieutenant in 1651, and captain of the Hingham
company in 1653. He held the latter position for over twenty years. In 1670, he was
on a committee to revise the laws; in 1673 ^^-s chosen to audit the accounts of the
treasurer of the colony, and in 1672, he and Lieut. Fisher (1640), having been appointed
commissioners, reported to the Legislature upon the boundary line between Massachu
setts Bay and Plymouth colonies. In 1679, ^ petition, signed by Capt. Hobart (1641)
and others, to form a troop of horse, was granted, and in June, 1680, this troop was

Edward Collins (1641). Authorities: Sav- Joshua Hobart (1641). Authorities: Lin-
age's Gen. Diet. ; Brooks's Ilist. of Medford; Paige's eoln's Hist, of Hingham; Savage's Gen. Diet.;
Hist, of Cambridge; Frothingham's Hist, of Charles- Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1842;
town. Savage's Edition of Winthrop's Hist, of New Eng.

Samuel Eldred (1641). AuTHORiriES: Sav-
age's Gen. Diet.; Paige's Hist, of Cambridge.

1641-2] HONORAnLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. I I 5

attached to a new regiment, commanded by Col. \Vm. Stoughton. The Indian deed of
Hingham, given in 1665, conveys to Capt. Joshua Hobart (1641) and John Thaxter,
" for a valuable consideration to us payd " by them, "the Towneshippe of Hingham,"
for the use of the inhabitants of Hingham.

He appears to have been one of the principals in the famous military quarrel in
Hingham in 1645, which disturbed the train-band, the church, the town, and finally the
elders and the General Court. It resulted in the fining of all the parties, not exempting
his brother, the minister. Capt. Joshua (1641) was fined twenty pounds, being the
heaviest penalty imposed on any of them. This quarrel arose about the election of one
Bozoun Allen (1650) to be the first captain of the train-band in Hingham. Capt.
Hobart (1641), probably in consequence of the severity of the court upon him, was not
only promoted to be captain when Capt. Allen (1650) moved to Boston, but, March 20,
1655, he was, "by a joint consent and general vote of the town, freed from paying any
rates for the public charge of the town during the time that he is chief ofificer of the
town for the exercise of the military company." Both of the above-mentioned cap-
tains, at the time of this difference, were members of the House of Representatives.
There is a tradition that, as captain of a company, he was in active service during some
part of King Philip's War. He resided on Main Street, next east of the meeting-house
of the First Parish, where he died, July 28, 1682.

Nathaniel Howard (1641), of Dorchester, was admitted to be a freeman May 10,
1643. A Nathaniel Howard is mentioned in the History of Dorchester. Mr. Savage
thinks he moved to Charlestown, and there married, July 2, 1666, Sarah, daughter of
Major Simon Willard, She died Jan. 22, 1678, and he married, July i, 1678, Sarah
Parker. He was a tenant on Winthrop's farm, Feb. 12, 1671. He moved to Chelms-
ford in 1680. His will of Nov. 7, 1709, was probated Feb. 17, 1709-10.

Jeremiah Howchin (1641), son of William, of Harleston, Norfolk County, England,
a tanner, came over in 1635, was admitted a member of Dorchester church June 12,
1639, and became a freeman May 13, 1640. He moved to Boston with Duncan (1638),
Upshall (1637), and other Dorchester settlers whose names are among those of the
founders of the Old North Society in 1650, and was admitted an inhabitant March 13,
1648. He was elected a constable of Boston in 1648, clerk of the market in 1649,
sealer of leather in 1650, and served as a selectman six years, from 1649 to 1654. His
daughter, Elizabeth, married John Endicott, Jr., and another, Rachel, married, in 1673,
Bozoun Allen (1676). Mr. Howchin (1641) owned property on Elm Street, and also
the east corner of Court and Hanover streets, where Concert Hall afterward stood. His
house, garden, orchard, and tan-pits, included " one quarter of an acre of land," which
he sold in 1646, and afterward lived on Elm Street. He was representative for Hing-
ham from 165 1 to 1659, excepting 1656, and for Salisbury in 1663, 1664, 1665, and
1667. He resigned his commission as ensign in Capt. Thomas Clarke's (1644) com-
pany. May 23, 1655. He died between April 7, 1670, the date of his will, and May 31
next following, when his will was proved.

Nathaniel Howard C1641). Authorities: Hist, of Dorchester, by Antiq. and Hist. Soc; His-
Savage's Gen. Diet. ; Wyman's Charlestown. tories of Boston; New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg.,

Jeremiah Howchin (1641). Authorities: 1851 and 1880; Records of Mass. Bay.

Il6 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1641-2

John Humfrey, Jr. (1641), of Lynn, was the eldest son of Gen. John Humfrey
(1640). Mr. Whitman (1810) says, "He probably returned to England and died there.
A letter of attorney, in 1684, was sent to a Mr. Humfrey, to appear and answer for the
province aoncerning Andros' troubles, and may mean the same person." Gen. Humfrey
(1640) went to England Oct. 26, 1641, and perhaps John, Jr. (1641), went with him
and did not return. The latter was the fifth person who joined the Artillery Company

John Manning (1641), of Boston, was a merchant. His name is not mentioned in
the Book of Possessions, nor in the Records of the Selectmen. He had children born
in Boston, by wife, Abigail. She died June 25, 1644. He married (2) Ann, daughter
of Richard Parker (1638).

Mr. Manning (1641) was ensign of the Artillery Company in 1648.

John Milam (1641), of Boston, a cooper, was admitted to be a freeman May 25,
1636, and joined the First Church, with his wife, Christian, Jan. 3, 1635-6. His house
and garden were east of Hanover Street, on Cross Street (corner of North), the same
lot upon which the stone house was erected which was torn down in 1864, and consid-
ered the oldest building in Boston. Sept. 25, 1643, he had liberty to wharf before his
dwelling-house, and in 1647, "to wharf afor the highway that lys next him." In 1644,
the General Court loaned two guns, valued at thirteen pounds, to the owners of a ship.
The guns had not been returned May 22, 165 1, when the General Court ordered that
the owners of the ship-^Capt. William Tyng (1638), Capt. Robert Keayne (1637),
and John Milam (1641) — should pay to the colony fifteen pounds within fourteen days.
In 1652, Mr. Milam (1641) removed from Boston.

John Mousall (1641), of Charlestown, was born in England in 1596; came to
America in 1634, and joined the church in Charlestown, with his wife, the 23d of August,
in the same year. He was admitted a freeman Sept. 3, 1634, and was a deputy in the
General Court in 1635 and 1637.

He was one of the seven male members who constituted the church in Woburn
at its organization, Aug. 14, 1642, and one of its deacons until his decease. He was
appointed, in 1643, a commissioner to "end small causes" in Woburn; was one of the
first board of selectmen, and served in that office twenty-one successive years.

He died in Woburn, March 27, 1665.

John Newton (1641) was of Dorchester "as early as 1630," according to Dr.
Harris, and "in 1632" according to Mr. Savage. He was admitted a freeman March 4,
1633. He moved to Dedham prior to January, 1636, when his name appears in the

John Humfrey, Jr. (1641). Authorities: ham Records; Hist, of Dorchester, by .\ntiq. and

Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1842; Hist. Soc; Savage's Gen. Diet.
Savage's Gen. Diet. This name (Newton) is given on the oldest roll

John Milam (1641). Authorities: Savage's of the Artillery Company, " Nuton," which iVIr.

Gen. Diet.; Boston Records; Mem. Hist, of Boston; Whitman (1810) called Nudon, hence Norden;

see description of the stone house, in Shurtleff's therefore, Samuel Norden, of Boston. The sureties

Topographical Description of Boston, p. 667. of this person, as given on the same roll, are Joshua

John Mousall (1641). Auiiiorities: Hurd's and Anthony Fisher, of Dedham. We would natu-

Hist. Middlesex Co., Vol. I., pp. 337, 338; Vol. H., rally look to Dedham for the person. Mr. John

p. 465; Sewall's Ilist. of Woburn; New Eng. Hist. Newton (1641), a resident of Dedham, prominent

and Gen. Reg., 1875; Savage's Gen. Diet. in the town and a neighbor of the Fishers, is be-

John Newton (1641). Authorities: Ded- lieved to be the person intended.

'641-2] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 117

Dedham Records. He united with tlie churcli tliere, April 9, 1643. In 1639, Edward
Allen, "Gent," was authorized to make a transcript of the surveys made in Dedham. It
had not been done May 6, 1642, when Mr. Allen was permitted to obtain the assistance
of his kinsman, John Newton (1641), in writing and engrossing the same. His name
appears repeatedly in Dedham Records until 1669. He was first sergeant of the Artillery
Company in 1666.

Adam Otiey (1641) was of Lynn in 1641. Mr. Lewis says Mr. Otley (1641)
married a daughter of Gen. John Humfrey (1640). In 1644, Adam Otley (1641)
petitioned the General Court for a review of the decision of the referees against him in
his case against Joseph Armitage. The petition was denied.

George Palmer (1641), of Boston in 1640, was a wine-cooper. He removed before
1655 to Warwick, R. I., and died about 1669. In April, 1670, a Boston creditor, James
Neighbors, was granted letters of administration.

Thomas Parish (1641), of Cambridge, a physician, came in the "Increase" in
1635, aged twenty-two years. He was admitted to be a freeman April 18, 1637.

In September, 1643, the three commissioners, with a guard of forty men, were
sent out to bring in Samuel Gorton and his company. Capt George Cooke (1638)
was one of the commissioners, and likewise captain of the Company. In this
expedition, Thomas Parish (1641) served as surgeon. In Paige's History of Cambridge,
we are informed that Thomas Parish (1641) resided on the westerly side of Garden Street,
near Concord Avenue; was a selectman in 1639 and 1640. He returned to England
before 1654, when his homestead (the house having been burned) was sold by his agent.
Samuel Parish, of " witch mania memory," speaks of his father, Thomas, as a merchant
living in London in 1656, and owning estates in Barbadoes, where he died in 1673.

John Severance (1641) — spelled Severne on the old roll — was, in 1639, an original
proprietor of Salisbury. His son, Ephraim, married, Nov. g, 1682, Lydia, daughter of
Abraham Morrill (1638). Mr. Severance (1641) and Mr. Morrill (1638) lived near
neighbors on Mudnock Road, and both were active in the affairs of the town.

Mr. Severance (1641) was chosen one of a committee to manage the affairs of the
plantation in 1642, and was elected a prudential man the following year, and later held

various town offices. His first wife, Abigail , died June 17, 1658, and he married

(2) Susanna Ambrose, a widow. He died April 2, 1682.

William Torrey (1641), of Weymouth, yeoman, son of Philip and Alicie Torrey,
was born at Combe St. Nicholas, Somersetshire, England, in 1608 (baptized Dec. 21).
He married, March 17, 1629, Agnes Combe, of Combe St. Nicholas, who died before
1640, when he came to America, bringing "William and Samuel Torrey, his Sonne."

It is supposed that just prior to his emigration he married a second wife, by whom

Adam Otley (1641). AuxHORrriEs : Savage's John Severance (1641). Authorities : Sav-

Gen. Diet. ; Hutch. Coll., 121. age's Gen. Diet.; Merrill's 1 list, of Amesbury.

George Palmer (1641). Authority: Sav- William Torrey (1641). Authorities: Sav-
age's Gen. Diet. age's Gen. Diet.; Lincoln's Hist, of Hingham;

Thomas Parish (1641). Authorities: Sav- MSS. of Mr. Herbert A. Newton, No. Weynioulh.
age's Gen. Diet.; Paige's Hist, of Cambridge.

Il8 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1641-2

he had six children. He died on Tuesday, July 10, 1690. His will of May 15, i685,
was proved July 2, 1691.

He became a freeman May 18, 1642, and was a prominent citizen of Weymouth.
He was a selectman of that town from 1643 almost constantly until 1682. In 1654,
he was chosen a commissioner "to end small causes," and held that office many
years. He was a representative from 1642 to 1649 inclusive, except 1646 and 1647,
and also from 1679 to 1683 ; and after the overthrow of Andros, in 1690. He was clerk
of the deputies from 1648 to 1658, and again in 1661 ; also, 1666. He was appointed
clerk of the writs at Weymouth, and was authorized to " see people join in marriage at
Weymouth." He served as lieutenant of the train-band of Weymouth, under Capt. Wm.
Perkins (1638), and became his successor in command. During the difficulty in the
Hingham company, 1645-8, Capt. Torrey (1641), by order of the General Court, Aug.
12, 1645, was the chief military officer in Hingham. In May, 1646, he was succeeded
by Gen. Edward Gibbons (1637).

In consideration of the services of Capt. Torrey (1641), the General Court granted
him five hundred acres of land. He was well educated, and is spoken of by Johnson as
" a good penman, and skilled in the Latin tongue, usually Clarke of the Deputies."
In 16S7, he wrote a "Discourse concerning Futurities or Things to Come," — a curious
essay on the speedy coming of the Messiah, which was published in 1757. The only
copy known to be now in existence is in the Public Library of Boston.

His house in Weymouth was situated about two hundred feet easterly of the present
line of Neck Street, at the head of the cove formerly known as Capt. Torrey's Cove,
and later as Sampson's Cove. Well-defined marks of the cellar were there visible in
1885.

John Townsend (1641), of Lynn, was, perhaps, son of Thomas, of Lynn. With
others, he made a settlement on Long Island, where he lived and left descendants.

John Westgate (1641), of Bostoii, an unmarried man when admitted to the church,
Sept. 12, 1640, from which he was dismissed Sept. 26, 1647, "on desire of the church of
Pulham Mary in Norfolk, England." In May, 1677, he was of Harleston in that
county, vvhence he had written, April 5, 1653, to Capt. Thomas Lake (1653), to inquire
if the report of the death of his former teacher, John Cotton, was true.'

Col. Stephen Winthrop (1641), fourth son of Gov. John Winthrop, of Massachu-
setts, was born at Groton Manor, Suffolk County, England, March 24, 16 19. He
accompanied his mother to New England in 1631, united with the church March 16,
1634, and became a freeman Dec. 7, 1636. He was appointed in 1639 by the Court
"to record things," and in 1642 obtained leave from the General Court to visit England.
He delayed his journey for some time, and in 1644 represented the town of Plymouth,
N. H., in the House of Deputies.

In 1645, he went to England with his brother-in-law, Col. William Rainsburrow
(1639), and thence to the West Indies. Returning to England, he resided in the parish of

Stephen Winthrop (1641). Authorities: Reg. for 1894 gives his will, found in England and

Savage's Gen. Diet.; Winthrop's Hist, of New Eng.; copied by Mr. Waters.
Letters of Col. Stephen Winthrop (1641), in Win- ' Savage's Gen. Diet.

throp Papers, Part IV. New Eng. Hist, and Gen.

'642-3] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 1 19

St. Margaret, Westminster. He acquired distinction, botli military and political, obtaining
a commission in the Parliamentary army, and becoming a member of Cromwell's Parlia-
ment, for Scotland. He gradually rose to the rank of colonel, and commanded a regi-
ment in Cromwell's service. " He was much trusted by the Protector. He succeeded
Major-Gen. Harrison, who troubled Cromwell so much with his anticipation of a king-
dom of the saints." His health suffered from his sleeping on the damp ground in one
of his campaigns, and he died at his residence in London in the latter part of 1658.
In Suffolk County Records, of May 20, 1659, his wife, Judith, is called "relict of Stephen
Winthrop." But for the failure of his health, it is stated that Cromwell would have
made him a major-general.

He married Judith, sister of Col. William Rainsburrow (1639), an oiificer of dis-
tinction, and sister of the lady who subsequently became his stepmother. His wife
and two daughters survived him.

He was the recorder of the court in Boston which tried Capt. Bayley's case against
the Lady La Tour, and was arrested at La Tour's suit, on his return to England, at the
same time that Capt. Weld (1637), one of the jury, was arrested, and was obliged to
furnish bail in the sum of four thousand pounds.

^ The officers elected were : Israel Stoughton (1637), captain; Thomas

I QZL2" '^. Hawkins (1638), lieutenant; Robert Bridges {1641), ensign; Humfrey
' ^ Atherton (1638), senior sergeant; John Leverett (1639), junior sergeant;
Anthony Stoddard (1639), clerk, and Arthur Perry (1638), drummer.

The new commander was an enthusiastic Puritan, and as the news began to arrive
of the increasing difficulties between the King and Parliament, he doubtless often
wished, as he led the Artillery to its monthly drill, that he could be transported with
his command across the Atlantic, there to wage war against the Church of Rome. Not
long after, he undertook the then tedious voyage, and gave his strength and courage to
the cause of Parliament as lieutenant-colonel of Rainsburrovv's (1639) regiment.

Lieut. Thomas Hawkins (1638) was jointly concerned, in 1643, ^^ith Past-Com-
mander Gibbons (1637) in an expedition which they fitted out at Boston, under a
contract with La Tour, a Protestant French-Indian trapper on the coast of Maine and
New Brunswick, against a Roman Catholic, D'Aulnay, a rival in the trade. Gibbons
(1637) and Hawkins (1642) could not openly wage war on D'Aulnay's settlement,
but they permitted their men to volunteer under La Tour, by whom a windmill was
burned, growing crops destroyed, and two vessels, loaded with four hundred moose-
skins and four hundred beaver-skins, were brought to Boston.

The new members recruited in 1642-3 were: Abraham Adkins, Andrew Belcher,
John Blake, Humphrey Bradshaw, Matthew Chaffy, John Cole, Nathaniel Duncan, Jr.,
Josias Evans, Hopestill Foster, Thomas Glover, William Patten, Michael Pepper, Thomas
Rawlins, Robert Selling, William Shepard, Lawrence Smith, Richard Stowers, Edward
Tyng, Richard Way. Adam Winthrop, John Woodde, Richard Woodde.

Abraham Adkins (1642). On the oldest roll (1680) this name is plainly written.
The sureties of Mr. Adkins (1642) were Ensign Savage (1637) and Mr. Stoddard
(1639). As Mr. Adkins' (1642) name does not appear in the records of Boston and
vicinity, he was probably not a resident of the colony.

t20 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1642-3

Andrew Belcher (1642), of Sudbury in 1639. In October of that year, he married
Elizabeth Danforth, of Cambridge, and in 1646 moved to the latter place. In June,
1654, he was licensed by the County Court, " to keep a house of publique enterteinnient
at Cambridge." This license was yearly renewed until 1673, in which year he probably
died, as the license " to keep an ordinary " was granted to his widow, Elizabeth, in
April, 1674. She, dying in 1680, was succeeded by her son Andrew. This tavern, kept
by the Belchers, was the original Blue Anchor Tavern, and stood at the northeast
corner of Brighton and Mt. Auburn streets, Cambridge Andrew Belcher (1642) was
the grandfather of Jonathan Belcher, Governor of Massachusetts and New Jersey.

John Blake (1642), of Dorchester in 1630, son of William Blake, was born in Little
Baddow, Essex County, England. He came to America with his parents in 1630, in the
" Mary and John," and settled with them in Dorchester. He was admitted a freeman
in 1644. He married, in Boston, Aug. 16, 1654, widow Mary Shaw. He removed to
Boston about 1663, and appears by the Boston Records to have been " Clarke of ye
Market" in 1669. He subsequently held other town offices. " 18, 12, 71," John Blake
was dismissed by the Dorchester church to the Third (Old South) Church in Boston.
He was a member of Capt. Sewall's (1679) company in 1684, and died without issue in
1 688. His brother, William, joined the Artillery Company in 1646.

Humphrey Bradshaw (1642), of Cambridge in 1652, when he received his share
of the Shawshine lands. Mr. Bradshaw (1642) resided in Menotomy, held several minor
town offices, and acted on important town committees. He died May 9, 1682.

Matthew Chaffy (1642), of Boston in 1636, was a ship-carpenter, admitted to be a
freeman May 17, 1637, and joined the First Church Aug. 7, 1636. He was granted
a "great Lott " at Mount WoUaston in 1638. In 1644, he was permitted to build a
wharf before his property in Mill- field. His house and garden, on the southeasterly part
of Copp's Hill, east of Hanover Street, he sold in 1649 to John Capen (1646), of
Dorchester, and bought of Dr. John Clarke, " late of Newberry, now of Boston," " one
Ferme conteineing foure hundred Acres of land, lying and being betweene the river of
Merrimack and Newbury River in Newbury [Essex County, Mass.], with all the houses,
edifices and buildings thereunto belonging," Sept. 29, 1649, where he lived until his
decease.

John Cole (1642), of Boston, son of Samuel (1637), came with his parents in the
fleet with Winthrop, in 1630. He married, Dec. 30, 165 1, Susanna,' daughter of William

Andrew Belcher (1642). Authorities: New ' Susanna Hutchinson, daughter of William and

Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1848, 1870, 1873, 1874; Ann Hutchinson, in 1642 removed into the Dutch

Kurd's Hist, of Middlesex Co., p. 193; Paige's Hist. territory, and settled near what is now New Rochelle.

of Cambridge; Hudson's Hist, of Sudbury. During the war between the Dutch and Indians, Mrs.

John Blake (1642). Authorities: Savage's Hutchinson and others were killed, but Susanna

Gen. Diet.; Hist, of Dorchester, byAntiq. and Hist. was carried into captivity. She remained with the

Soc; Boston Records; Hill's Hist, of Old South Indians until July, 1646, when, unexpectedly, she

Church. was liberated through the intervention of the Dutch,

Humphrey Bradshaw (1642). Authority: and returned to Boston. — See Drake's Book of t/ie

Paige's Hist, of Cambridge. Indians, eleventh eJilion, p. 132.

Matthew Chaffy (1642). Authorities: Sav-
age's Gen. Diet.; Boston Records; Cofiin's Hist, of
Newbury.

'642-3] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 121

Hutchinson. He moved before 1664 to look after Mr. Hutchinson's lands in the Narra-
gansett, when the authorities in Connecticut appointed him a magistrate. He died early
in 1707.

Nathaniel Duncan, Jr. (1642), of Dorchester in 1630, came with his parents in the
"Mary and John." He was the elder son of Nathaniel Duncan (1638), of Dorchester.

Josias Evans (1642). His sureties were Sergt. French (163S) and Sergt. Atherton
(1638). The name is plainly written in the roll as copied in 1680.

Hopestill Foster (1642), and his mother, Patience, are recorded as being in the
second emigration to Dorchester Plantation, which was in 1635. Hopestill was then
fourteen years of age. He married Mary, daughter of James Bates. She died in 1703,
aged eighty-three years. He joined the Dorchester church in 1638 ; became a freeman
in 1639; was ensign of the Dorchester train-band, under Humfrey Atherton (1638),
in 1644, and subsequently its captain. He served as a selectman from 1645 to 1674
inclusive, except 1646-9, 1651, 1653, and 1667. In 1675 he was elected, but declined.
He was a deputy to the court in 1652, and afterwards a commissioner of trials. By his
will, witnessed July 19, 1676, he gave five pounds towards the free school. He resided
near the southwest corner of Adams and Centre streets. He was a brewer, active in all
town affairs, a man of judgment, and deserved popularity.' He died Oct. 15, 1676. He
was fourth sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1647. His son, Hopestill Foster (H. C,
1667), became a member of the same in 1673, ^rid his grandson, Hopestill, in 1694.

Thomas Glover (1642), of Dorchester, son of John of the same, came in 1630 with
his parents. John Glover was one of the original patentees of 1629. He was "a plain,
sincere, godly man, strong for the truth." He was the first to set up tanning in Massa-
chusetts. He owned land in Rhinehall, England, which he left by will, proved Feb. 9,
1653-4, to his son Thomas (1642). The latter was in England in 1661, and doubtless
spent the remainder of his days there, where, Mr. Savage says, " he was well married."

William Patten (1642), of Cambridge, first appears in that town March 13, 1635-6,
when he agreed with the town "to keep 100 cattle on the other side the River for the
space of seven months for twenty pounds." He became a freeman in 1645. Mr. Patten
(1642) does not appear to have been prominent in town affairs. He resided in Cam-
bridge on the easterly side of North Avenue, opposite the common. He was one of
the original proprietors of Billerica in 1658, and died there Dec. 10, 1668.

Michael Pepper (1642).

Thomas Rawlins (1642), son of Thomas and Mary Rawlins, of Roxbury and
Scituate, was born in England, and came to America with his parents in 1630, in the
same company as Gov. Winthrop. Thomas, Jr. (1642), resided in Boston, and married

Hopestill Foster (1642;. Authorities: William Patten (1642). Authorities: Paige's

Hist, of Dorchester, by Antiq. and Hist. Soc. ; Sav- Hist, of Cambridge; Savage's Gen. Diet,
age's Gen. Diet; New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., ' His son, John, born Dec. lo, 164S, died Sept.

1885. 9, 1681, aged thirty-three years, was .-in ingenious

Thomas Glover (1642). Authorities: Hist. printer and mathematician. He designed the arms

of Dorchester, by Antiq. and Hist. Soc; Savage's for the Colony of Massachusetts Bay.
Gen. Diet.

122 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1642-3

Sarah . His will, dated Dec. 12, 1681, conveys his property to his nephew, Ephraim

Kempton, of Salem, and to other relatives Thomas Rawlins, Sr , died March 15, 1660.
He conveyed by will, March 12, 1660, some of his property to his wife, "and to his son
Thomas [1642], a house in Boston, provided he live there with his mother as hereto-
fore." It is added in the record of probate, that Thomas Rawlins (1642), "ye sonne,
declared that knowing his father to have left his mother-in-law [stepmother] too little,
he was free and wilhng and did give her nine pounds more."

Robert Selling (1642), as Mr. Whitman (1810) suggests, should be Robert Seeley
(1642). His sureties were Sergt. Leverett (1639), with whom he ser\-ed in 1654, and
Mr. Lyall (1640).

Robert Seeley (1642) was an early settler in Watertown. He became a freeman
May 18, 1630, was a proprietor in 1636-7, and in 1642. In 1634, he, with Abraham
Brown, was employed in the survey of Watertown, and soon after left the town. In
1637, he served as a Heutenant in the Pequot War, and afterward returned to the
vicinity of Boston. In 1654, he led the forces, raised in New Hampshire for service,
under Gen. Sedgwick (1637) and Gen. Leverett (1639), against the neighboring
province of New Netherlands — a conflict that was prevented by the restoration of peace
in Europe. In 1663, he was at the head of the militia at Huntington, Long Island, but
later at New York. A Capt. Seeley was killed in a battle with the Indians in December,
1675, who, it is thought, was Capt. Robert Seeley (1642).

William Shepard (1642). Mr. Farmer was not misled, as Mr. Savage suggests, by
reading "Mr." as an abbreviation for " W"." This name, on the oldest roll of the
Company, is plainly written "Mr. W" Sheapheard." There was a Wm. Shepard in
Dorchester, who was a servant of William Sumner. In April, 1636, he was whipped for
stealing from his master ; and " in no other instance," says Savage, " is the name to be
found in Massachusetts for the first quarter of a century."

The Mr. Shepard who joined the Artillery Company in 1642 had the prefix "Mr.,"
and his sureties were Capt. Sedgwick (1637) and Sergt. French (1638). He was prob-
ably a sojourner or visitor in Boston, as others who defy all research were, their names
not having become a part of the early town or colonial records.

Lawrence Smith (1642), of Dorchester, son of John Smith, the "quartermaster,"
who came to America in the ship "Mary and John," in 1630. He was called quarter-
master because he had served in the Netherlands in that rank. Lawrence (1642)
became a freeman May 10, 1643, ^^'^ l^''' Savage says "he was often a selectman."
He died Oct. 3, 1665. His name appears once in the Records of Massachusetts Bay,
when he appeals to the court for damages on account of an apprentice being taken away
from him.

Thomas Rawlins (1642). Authorities: Robert Seeley (1642). Authorities : Bond's

Records of Families of the name of Rawlins, by Watertown; Savage's Gen. Diet ; Ilist. of Long

John R. Rollins, Lawrence, 1S74: New Eng. Ilist. Island; Whitman's Hist. A. and II. A. Company,

and Gen. Reg., 1854, 1855. Ed. 1842.

"Thomas Rawlins [Sr.] he brought 5 children Lawrence Smith (1642). AirrHORlTlES :

to this Land. Thomas, Mary, Joane, Nathaniell, Savage's Gen. Diet. ; Records of Mass. Bay.
John, he came wth the first company, 1630." —
Roxlniry Church KecorJi.

1642-3] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 1 23

Richard Stowers (1642), son of Nicholas and Amy Stovvers, of Charlestown, was
born in England in 1620. He came to America with his parents in 1628. He became
an inhabitant in 1648, was admitted to the church April 12, 1650, was made a freeman
the next month, and in March, 1651-2, married Joanna .

In 1658, he was licensed to keep a house of entertainment in Charlestown.

He died July 8, 1693. His wife, Hannah, died Feb. 3, 1698-9.

Edward Tyng (1642), of Boston in 1639, was born in Dunstable, England, in the
year 1610. He was a brewer, afterward a merchant. His name first appears in Boston
Records, "Admitted to be an Inhabitant" of Boston, Nov. 25, 1639. He joined the
First Church, Jan. 30, 1640, and was admitted to be a freeman June 2, 1640. He was a
constable in 1642; selectman of Boston in 1645, 1648, and 1651 ; representative from
Boston in 1661 and 1662, and an assistant from 1668 to 1680 inclusive. He died, while
occupying the latter office, Dec. 28, i68f, at Dunstable, whither he moved in 1679.
He was buried in the chapel burial-ground, Boston. His burial-place became the
property of the Waldo family. Mr. Whitman (1810) gives his age as eighty-one;
Farmer and Savage, as seventy-one. In his will, proved Jan. 19, 1682, he speaks
of his "old age." His daughter, Hannah, married Habijah Savage (1665), and afterward
Major-Gen. Gookin (1645). Another daughter, Rebecca, married in 1669, Joseph
Dudley (1677), afterward governor. His brother, William, joined the Artillery Company
in 1638. Two only of his sons grew to manhood, — Edward (1668) and Jonathan
(1670). He held a colonel's commission, and was chosen by the General Court major-
general, to succeed Gen. Leverett (1639). The house, brew-house, warehouse, and
wharf in front, " My wharf against the end of the great street," /. e., State Street, corner
of Merchants Row, were where Mr. Faneuil had subsequently his warehouse, and where
still later the Admiral Vernon Tavern stood.

Richard Way (1642), of Dorchester, son of Henry, was born in England about
1620, and came to America with his parents in 1630 or 1631. He was admitted to be a
freeman May 10, 1643. He moved to Salem, — his children were born there, — but
removed to Boston about 1660. He joined the First Church Feb. 17, 166 r. He
married (i) Esther, daughter of Thomas Jones (1643), of Dorchester, and (2) Hannah,
sister of Col. Penn Townsend (1674) and widow of Thomas Hull (1667).

He was active in town affairs after his settlement in Boston. April 29, 1672, " Lt.
Richard Way [1642] to sell stronge watr'^ but not lesse than a pinte at once," is recorded
as a vote of the selectmen. A license to sell strong drink was granted him for ten years,
though he was by trade a cooper. Nov. 14, 1673, the selectmen ordered certain coopers
not to build any fire in their cooper-shop chimneys until they were repaired to the satis-
faction of the selectmen. Lieut. Richard Way (1642) is the first cooper named. This
was a precaution against fire, which, however, did occur, and March 26, 1677, Lieut.
Richard Way (1642) was allowed four pounds for his stable which was pulled down

Richard Stowers (1642). Authorities: Vol. L, pp. 738, 739; Savage's Edition of Win-
Savage's Gen. Diet.; Wyman's Charlestown Gene- throp's Hist, of New Eng.; Fox's Hist, of Dun-
alogies and Estates; New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., stable; Report of Boston Rec. Com., 1634-1660.
1849 (will of Nicholas Stowers) ; Report of Boston Richard Way (1642). Authorities: New
Rec. Com., \ol. HL, p. 98 (deed of homestead, Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1847, '875; Savage's
bought by Richard Stowers, June 25, 1646). Gen. Diet.; Hist, of Dorchester; Report of Boston

Edward Tyng (1642). Authorities: Sav- Rec. Com., 1660-1701.
age's Gen. Diet.; Hurd's Hist, of Middlesex Co.,

124

HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1643-4

" in the last fire." He was a lieutenant for about twenty years, serving in 1686 in Capt.
Turell's (1660) company. He was ensign of the Artillery Company in 1669, and a
lieutenant in 167 i. He died June 23, 1697.

Adam Winthrop (1642), the fifth son of Gov. John Winthrop, was born April 7,
1620, at Groton, England, and came to America in the ship "Lion," Nov. 2, 1631, with
his mother. He was admitted to the First Church July 4, 1640, and became a freeman
June 2, r64i. His first wife was Elizabeth Glover, daughter of Rev. Jose' Glover and
stepdaughter of President Dunster (1640) ; his second, Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas
Hawkins (1638). His son, Adam, Jr., joined the Artillery Company in 1692. Adam, Sr.,
died Aug. 24, 1652, being at the time a selectman of Boston. His widow married Major
John Richards (1644).

John Woodde (1642), of Roxbury, son of Richard. John was admitted to be a
freeman about 1644, was brother of Richard (1642), and married Mary, daughter of
John Coggan (1638). He died May 23, 1650, "a christian and godly brother," says
the church record.

Richard Woodde (1642), of Roxbury, brother of John (r642), was a soap-boiler;
admitted to be a freeman in 1644. He moved to Boston. In the Second Report of
the Boston Record Commissioners, under date of Jan. 26, 165 1-2, it says, "Richard
Wooddy is Admitted an Inhabitant upon his promise not to be offensive by his Trayd
to the Towne." April 2, 1658, the selectmen of Boston leased to Richard Woodde
(1642) and James Everill, "Bird Hand ... for sixty years, they paying i2rt' silver or a
bushel of salt," per annum. In 1666, he manufactured saltpetre; and was ensign in the
militia in 1674. He was second sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1655, fourth
sergeant in 1662, ensign in 1667, lieutenant in 1669, and captain in 1677. He died in
1680-1, and administration on his estate was granted May 6, 1681.

, The officers elected were: Capt. George Cooke (1638), captain;

I U4'^"ZL. Thomas Hawkins (1638), lieutenant ; Francis Willoughby (r639), ensign;
I*-' I John Leverett (1639), senior sergeant; Thomas French (163S), junior
sergeant; Anthony Stoddard (1639), clerk, and Arthur Perry (1638), drummer.

When La Tour visited Boston, in June, 1643, the fortifications erected in 1635 on
Castle Island, afterwards Fort Independence, had so gone to decay that his salute could
not be returned. The fort was consequently repaired, at the expense of Boston and
the five nearest towns. It was reconstructed of large pine logs, stones, and earth ;
■ made fifty feet square inside, with walls two feet thick. Mention is made of the Artillery
Company going down to the fort and firing the great guns.

" The next week, the training day occurred at Boston ; and La Tour, having
expressed a wish to exercise his men on shore, was allowed on that occasion to land

John Woodde (1642). Authokities: New small pox." — AVf. S. Danforth's Records of Rox-

Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1853; Savage's Gen. hury Church.
Diet.; Roxbury Church Records. Richard Woodde (1642). Authorities:

" ['650] May 23, John Wooddie dyed of the New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1S53, p. 339 (will).

"643-4] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 1 25

forty men. They were escorted to the field by the Boston company, which numbered
one hundred and fifty men. After the exercises were over, La Tour and his ofificers
were invited home to dinner by the Boston ofificers, and his soldiers by the Boston
soldiers." ' La Tour was entertained during his visit to Boston at the home of Gen.
Gibbons (1637).

The tyrannical King and the patriotic Parliament having taken up arms against
each other, the hostile attitude of the aborigines prompted an alliance of the English-
speaking colonists. Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven were repre-
sented by commissioners who united in Articles of Confederation, under the name of
"The United Colonies of New England," for a firm and perpetual league, for offence
and defence, and mutual advice and succor. This act was consummated May 19, 1643,
O. S. When the threatened danger was averted, the temporary alliance ceased, but it
was renewed again and again, as hostilities against the Indians or French formed a
bond of cohesion, which finally resulted in independence. In the consummation of
this desirable confederation, members of the Artillery Company took an active and
influential part.

The social aspects of life in Massachusetts at this time were especially reverential.
Family government was efficient, and military organization furnished the only titles of
distinction. There was a general cultivation of reverence towards God and the Common-
wealth, without a nobility in the government or forms in religion. The clergy were a
recognized institution, the school-masters were abroad, and the drill-sergeants were
diligent.

The magistrates of Massachusetts undertook at first to oppress trade by creating
monopolies, and by forbidding the people to buy goods at vessels which might arrive,
but giving the privilege to nine men and their partners to select such goods as might
be wanted, and sell them at a profit of five per cent within twenty days. Six of the
men who made the law were mentioned in it as proprietors of this profitable scheme,
which disposed of the goods that were really wanted and of quick sale, leaving for
regular merchants only those which were out of season. Joshua Hewes (1637) defied
the law as unjust, and was arrested; but the "ring" was broken up. The year after his
successful resistance to monopolies, Mr. Hewes (1637) and others organized "A Free
Company of Adventurers," in order to divert the principal trade of Indians in beaver-
skins to New England. These skins, like corn and bullets, were used as money at
fixed prices, and while the Dutch settlement in New York and the Swede in Delaware
appeared to have better opportimities to obtain such skins than Massachusetts, yet they
were supposed to be brought in the largest quantities from the " Great Lakes," which
Boston people thought were located in the northern part of the Massachusetts grant.
This company was likewise unsuccessful.

The new members recruited in 1643-4 were : William Aspinwall, John Barnard,
John Barrell, Richard Barthelemey, Thomas Bell, Matthew Bridge, Thomas Bridge, James
Browne, John Button, Francis Chickering, Richard Cooke, Richard Cutter, John Davis,
Willicam Davis, Edward Fletcher, John Gurnall, John Hill, Atherton Hough, Thomas
Jones, Henry Maudsley, Francis Norton, Peter Oliver, John Plympton, Hugh Pritchard,
William Robinson, John Scarborough, Benjamin Smith, John Smith, Samuel Titterton,
Robert Turner, William Ware, John Webb, Robert Wright.

' Mem. Hist, of Boston, L, 286.

T26 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1643-4

William Aspinwall (1643), of Charlestown in 1630, probably came in the fleet with
Winthrop. He served on the first jury of inquest in the colony, Sept. 28, 1630, was
one of the first members of the First Church, and was chosen a deacon thereof at its
organization. He removed to Boston, and was admitted a freeman April 3, 1632. He
was a selectman of Boston the first term of 1636 and the last of 1637, and was chosen
a representative from Boston in the place of Henry Vane, who returned to England in
August, 1637; but being a signer of the famous petition concerning Mr. Wheelwright,
and a supporter of the principles of Mrs. Hutchinson, he was rejected by the court,
disarmed, disfranchised, and banished. He went to Rhode Island, and was the first
secretary of that colony. Thence he removed to New Haven, where he lived in 1641.
Under date of March 27, 1642, Winthrop says, " Mr. William Aspinwall [1643], who
had been banished, as is before declared, for joining with Mr. Wheelwright, being
licensed by the general court to come and tender his submission, etc., was this day
reconciled to the church of Boston. He made a very free and full acknowledgment of
his error and seducement, and that with much detestation of his sin. The like he did
after, before the magistrates, who were appointed by the Court to take his submission,
and upon their certificate thereof at the next general court, his sentence of banishment
was released."

After his return to Boston, he was clerk of the writs, or recorder, and in 1644 was
appointed a notary public. Oct. 14, 1651, for reflecting upon the judgment of the
court, he was fined, and deposed from the offices of recorder for Suffolk County and
clerk of the writs for Boston. He resided on Washington Street, the third estate above
Francis Lyall's (1640) barber-shop, which was opposite where the Old South Church
now stands. The lot of William Aspinwall (1643) extended from Washington Street
to Tremont Street, and contained about two acres. In 1652, he sold this property to
John Angier, his son-in-law.

In 1644, it appears he went with others on a voyage of discovery to Delaware River,
and their pinnace was fired upon from the Swedish fort. He made great complaint of
this act to the Dutch Governor, and particularly that they were forced to weigh anchor
on the Lord's Day.

He was a proprietor of Watertown, though he never resided there, and went back
to England in 1653, never to return.

Mr. Aspinwall (1643) published several books in England, among which was one
with the following title : " A brief Description of the Fifth Monarchy or Kingdom that
is shortly to come into the World ; the Monarch, Subjects, Officers and Laws thereof,
and the surpassing Glory, Amplitude, Unity and Peace of that Kingdom, &c." In the
conclusion there is "added a Prognostic of the time when the Fifth Kingdom shall
begin, by William Aspenwall, N. E." The book was printed in " London, by M. Sim-
mons, to be sold by Livewell Chapman, at the Crown in Pope's-head- Alley, 1653."
By his theory. Antichrist's' dominion was to cease, or the fifth monarchy to be set up,
in 1673. Two years after, another of his works, with the following title, was printed in
London : " An Abstract of Laws and Government &c, collected and digested by John
Cotton, of Boston, in N. E. in his lifetime presented to our General Court and now
published after his death by William Aspenwall."

Mr. Whitman (1810) gives the following specimen of a judicial proceeding by Mr.
Aspinwall (1643), when recorder : —

William Aspinwall (1643). Authokities: Savage's Gen. Diet. ; Records of Mass. Bay; Mem.
Savage's Edition of Winthrop's Hist, of New Eng. ; Hist, of Boston.

■643-4] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 12/

" To the Marshal or his DejJuty :

" You are required to attach the goods or lands of William Stevens, to the value
of ;^ioo, so as to bind the same to be responsible at the next Court at Boston, 29th of
the 5th month, to answer the complaint of Mr. James Astwood [1638], in an action of
debt to the value of ^50, upon a bill of exchange ; and so make a true return hereof
under your hand.

"Dated 29th 2d month, 1650.

" per curiam

" William Aspinwall."

Mr. Whitman (iSio) adds, "This brevity is exceeded only by the warrant of an
Indian magistrate in the early settlement of the country, viz. : —

"'I, Hihondi, "'Quick you take him,

You, Peter Waterman, Fast you hold him,

Jeremy Thwackit, Straight you bring him,

" ' Before me. Hihondi.' "

John Barnard (1643). Mr. Whitman (18 10) says he was of Cambridge. John
Barnard, of Cambridge, moved in 1636 to Hartford, Conn., and thence in 1659 to
Hadley, Mass. The John Barnard (1643) of the Artillery Company was, more probably,
John, of Watertown, who came to America from Ipswich, England, in 1634, aged thirty
years; was admitted a freeman March 4, 1634-5 ; he was a selectman of Watertown in
1644, and was buried June 4, 1646.

John Barrel! (1643), of Boston, was a cooper. In 1656, he was ensign of the
Artillery Company, having served as fourth sergeant in 1651, and first in 1654. In
Boston Records he is called (165 1-3) " Sergt," and he held some minor town offices.
In 1654, he was sent, with Richard Waite (1638), as messenger to the Indians, for
which the General Court allowed each of them three shillings per day. In August, 1654,
Mr. Barrell (1643) "^^'^^ appointed an officer to prevent the exportation of money. He
died Aug. 29, 1658.

Richard Barthelemey (1643), of Salem in 1638, had a grant of land from the Salem
authorities. He was admitted to be a freeman June 2, 1641, having joined the church
there, July 31, 1640. He died in 1646.

Thomas Bell (1643) resided in Boston as early as 1637, when "a house plott
neere to Mr Dyar's," and a great lot at the Mount, were granted him. His house and
garden were on the south side of Summer Street, about midway between Washington
and South streets. He was the public executioner in 1649, ^"d, therefore, the General
Court exempted him " from watchings." He died June 7, 1655.

Matthew Bridge (1643), of Cambridge, probably came over with his father, John,
in 1632. He married Anna, daughter of Nicholas Danforth. He resided on the north-
west corner of Brattle and Mason streets, a property he bought in 1657. Subsequently
he moved to the Farms, now Lexington, and improved four hundred acres which he

John Barnard (1643). Authorities: Sav- John Barrell (1643). Authorities: New

age's Gen. Diet.; Bond's Watertown. Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1848, p. 353.

128 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1643-4

owned there. In May, 1637, by some mischance, he killed John Abbot, for which he
was arrested. Sept. 19, 1637, "Matthew Bridge appearing, and no evidence coming in
against him, he was quit by proclamation." He was a respected and influential towns-
man, and died April 28, 1700, having attained a great age.'

Thomas Bridge (1643), of Cambridge, a brother of Matthew (1643), was born in
Essex County, England. He died before March 10, 1657, at which time the inventory
of his estate was taken. It is said that Thomas (1643) and his wife, Dorcas, died of
small-pox in Boston, in 1656.^

James Browne (1643), of Boston in 1630, was a member of the First Church, and
was admitted to be a freeman March 4, 1634. He died in 1651, and his will was proved
Aug. 7, 1651. On certain conditions, he willed his house and land to the church. This
property was on Court Street, opposite the old court-house.^

John Button (1643), of Boston in 1633, was a miller by trade. He was born about
1594, joined the First Church Dec. 22, 1633, was admitted to be a freeman May 4,
1634, and in 1637 was disarmed, being a sympathizer with Mr. Wheelwright. He owned
one acre in the Mill-field, and three lots, with houses thereon, on north side of the
present Elm Street. His mill was on the former lot, near which he resided. He was
a contributor among the "richer inhabitants," Aug. 12, 1636, towards the maintenance
of a free schoolmaster. He held several minor town offices, and died in 168 1. By his
will, dated Nov. 5, 1681, he gave twenty pounds to the First Church, "to buy two
silver cups."

Francis Chickering (1643), of Dedham, came in 1637 from Suffolk County, Eng-
land, bringing his family. His first wife was Ann Fiske, whom he married in England.
She was buried Dec. 6, 1640, and he married, second, June 11, 1650, Mrs. Sarah Sibley.

Matthew Bridge (1643). Authorities: "He was a prominent citizen, having served

Paige's Hist, of Cambridge; Savage's Gen. Diet.; the town in many important pubUc stations with

Records of Mass. Bay. honor and fidelity. A man who feared God and

James Browne (1643). Authorities: Sav- loved his fellow-men. He died at Lexington, April

age's Gen. Diet.; Boston Records; New Eng. Hist. 28, 1700.

and Gen. Reg., VII., 335 (will). " In 1643, he married Anna, daughter of Nick-
John Button ( 1643). Authorities: Savage's olas and Elizabeth Danforth, a woman of most
Gen. Diet.; Boston Records; Records of Mass. Bay. exemplary virtue and piety. She died Dec. 2, 1704,

Francis Chickering (1643). Authorities: aged eighty-four years."
Savage's Gen. Diet. ; Dedham Records ; Whitman's ' " In memory of Thomas Bridge, Esq., youngest

Hist. A. and H. A. Company. son of Deacon John Bridge. Came over with him

' Epitaph prepared for the gravestones of Mat- from England in 1631.
thew (1643) and Thomas Bridge (1643) by a de- "He resided with his father, in this city, in

scendant, Samuel Bridge, of Boston: — 1632. A member of the Artillery Company in 1643.

"In memory of Matthew Bridge, Esq., eldest Admitted a freeman in 1648. Removed to Boston,

son of Deacon John Bridge. Came over with him and was a merchant in 1650. He and Dorcas, his

from England in 1 63 1. wife, died during a prevailing epidemic, beloved,

"He resided with his father in this city, in honored, and lamented, March, 1656.
1632. A member of the Artillery Company in 1643. "Also, Dorcas, only daughter of Thomas and

Admitted a freeman in 1645. Removed to Lexing- Dorcas Bridge, and wife of Capt. Daniel Champney.

ton, and a large landholder in 1666. He subscrilied Born Feb. 16, 164S; died Feb. 7, 1683."
for the erection of the first Church in 1692, and ^ In the list of officers for 1653, as recorded in

paid the largest parish tax at its organization in the oldest book of the Company, " John Browne " is

1693. At the ordination of Rev. John Hancock, given as the second sergeant. As no John Browne

in 1698, as a mark of distinction and respect for his appears on the roll prior to 1653, this is, probably,

advanced age, he was seated at the table in the an error for James Browne (1638).
meeting-house by order of the parish.

1643-4]

HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY.

129

He was admitted to become a freeman May 13, 1640; was a member of the church in
Dedham, and was chosen one of its first deacons in 1650 ; he was a selectman of Dedham
for many years, and represented that town in the General Court in 1644 and 1653. He
is called "ensign" in the Dedham Records, in 1656. He was a man of worth and
wealth, the ancestor of a distinguished family. He died Oct. 2, 165S.

Richard Cooke (1643), ^ tailor, came from Gloucestershire, England ; was admitted
to the First Church Aug. 28, 1634, and to be a freeman March 4, 1635. He was the
representative of Dover, N. H., in 1670. In the Book of Possessions, his si.x pieces of
real estate are defined, the first being his house and garden on School Street, nearly
opposite City Hall. His house ' was the second, toward Tremont Street, from Arthur
Perry's (1638). Here, also, lived his son. Dr. Elisha Cooke, who was prominent in the
politics of the colony, and married a daughter of Gov. Leverett (1639). Their son,
Elisha, Jr. (no less renowned than Elisha, Sr.), joined the Artillery Company in 1699.
The will of Lieut. Richard Cooke (1643), containing a legacy to Harvard College, was
proved Dec. 25, 1673, i^i which month he died. He was ensign of the Artillery Com-
pany in 1666, and lieutenant in 1668.

Upon the decease of Richard Cooke (1643), Ensign John Hull (1660) was appointed
by the court to succeed him as lieutenant of Capt. William Hudson's (1640) company.

Richard Cutter (1643), brother of William (1638), of Cambridge, probably came
with his mother about 1638 and settled in Cambridge. He was admitted to be a free-
man June 2, 1641, and died June 16, 1693, aged about seventy-two years. His first
wife, Elizabeth, died March 5, 166 1-2, and he married, Feb. 14, 1662-3, ^rs.
Frances Amsden. ' . .

John Davis (1643), of Boston, came over in the "Increase" in 1635, and was a
joiner by trade. He was admitted to the First Church Jan. 3, 1635-6, and became a
freeman May 25, 1636. He was a supporter of Mr. Wheelwright and Mrs. Hutchinson,
and was punished therefor. In 1641, Rev. John Wilson sold land on the (present) corner
of State and Devonshire streets to Sergt. John Davis (1643), the joiner, and Davis,
in 1646, sold it to Edmund Jackson (1646). After 1646, the name of John Davis
(1643) disappears from the Boston Records. Savage suggests that Mr. Davis (1643)
may have gone to Duxbury, where one John Davis sold an estate in 1650.

William Davis (1643), of Boston in 1643, was an apothecary; admitted to the
church July 28, 1644, and to be a freeman in 1645. "He was a man of wealth, enter-
prise, and discretion." He was a selectman of Boston in 1647, from 1654 to 1661
inclusive, also from 1670 to 1675 inclusive; one of the founders of the Old South
Church in 1669. He was lieutenant in 1652, and captain in 1656, of the Suffolk County
troop, and commanded a troop of horse in Ninigret's war ; was joined with Gen. Leverett;
(1639), afterward Governor, to visit the Dutch Governor, Stuyvesant, of New York, in

Hist. A. and H. A. Company; Recurcls of Mass.
Bay; Hill's Hist, of Old South Church.

' March 29, 1652, Sergt. Richard Cooke (1643)
was allowed to set a house on the town's ground,
between the house Mr. Woodmansey lived in and
the town " skoole " house. This arrangement pro-
vided for the enlargement of the school-house.

Richard Cooke (1643). Authorities: Whit-
man's Hist. A. and H. A- Company; Savage's Gen.
Diet.; Boston Records.

John Davis (1643). Authorities : Savage's
Gen. Diet.; Drake's Hist, of Boston.

William Davis (1643). Authorities: Sav-
age's Gen. Diet.; Boston Records; Whitman's

I30

HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1643-4

1653, and was a commissioner to King Philip, at Taunton, in 1671, in company with
William Hudson (1640) and Thomas Brattle (1672). Mr. Whitman (1810) says Capt.
William Davis "accompanied the brave Capt. Thomas Lake [1653] in his expedition
to Kennebec, in 1676, and with him escaped at a back door, when the Indians had
gained the fort, to the water's side, where Capt. Lake [1653] fell. Capt. Davis [1643]
was wounded, but made his escape."

Capt. Davis (1643) represented Springfield in the House of Representatives in
1652, 1666, 1671, and 1672. He probably resided in that town for a few years, and
there he married, in 1644, a daughter of William Pynchon, the assistant, the founder
and leading inhabitant of the town. She died July 3, 1653, and he married Huldah
Symmes. In his will, he gave four hundred pounds to his wife Sarah. He also repre-
sented ' Haverhill in 1668. His house was on State Street, on the lot next west of
'William Hudson's [1640], where in provincial days stood the Bunch of Grapes tavern" ;
or on the lot next west of that on the corner of Kilby and State streets.

Capt. William Davis (1643) was fourth sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1645,
lensign in 1652, lieutenant in 1659 and 1663, and captain in 1664 and 1672. Of his
sons, Benjamin joined the Artillery Company in 1673, and William in 1677.

Capt. Davis (1643) died May 24, 1676, and was buried in the chapel burial-ground.

Edward Fletcher (1643), of Boston, a cutler by trade, was admitted to be a towns-
man Feb. 24, 1640, to be a freeman Oct. 12, 1640, and a member of the First Church
in July of that year. His house was on the second lot south from the corner of Milk
and Washington streets. He had grants of land, and held minor offices of the town.
In 1656, he preached at Dover, N. H., returned to England in 1657, and subsequently
preached at Dunsburn, England, from which, being dismissed in 1662, he came back
to Boston. His will, in which he calls himself "clerk of Badgerden," was made Feb. 24,
1660, and proved Feb. 12, 1666.

His widow married, in 1676, Hugh Drury (1659) as his second wife.

John Gurnell (1643) came to Dorchester in 1630. He was a tanner by trade. He
joined the church in 1638, was admitted to be a freeman May 10, 1643, and died
July 31, 1675, "aged sixty-four years," according to his gravestone, on which his name
is spelled Gornell. He left by will forty pounds, " to be put into the hands of some
godly and honest man, to be by him loaned from time to time to some poor, honest
and godly mechanic, to assist in setting him up in business." He also left " ;^2o to
the schools in Dorchester." He was wealthy, " a very respectable citizen," and much
interested in the prosperity of Dorchester.

John Hill (1643), of Boston in 1641, a blacksmith, was admitted to the First
Church in July, 1641, and a freeman May 18, 1642. He died July 21, 1646. In 1643^
he was one of the grantees of the franchise for a tide-mill, " on the north-west side of the
causey leading to Charlestown," which lasted over one hundred and eighty years. His
house was on the lot now the corner of North and Union streets.

Edward Fletcher (1643). Authorities: of Dorchester, by Anliq. and Hist. Soc; New Eng.

New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1862, 186S; Sav- Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1851; Savage's Gen. Diet,
age's Gen. Diet.; Calamy, II., 330; Boston Rec- John Hill (1643). Authorities: Savage's

ords. Gen. Diet.; New Eng Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1S62;

John Gurnell (1643). Authorities: Hist. Snow's Hist, of Boston.

>/^

Jonn uurneu (.1043;. authorities: rust. pnow s rust. 01 uosion. /.>— J^

1643-4] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY.

131

Atherton Hough (1643) was mayor of Boston, England, in 1628, and an alderman
there in 1633, when he decided to come to America with his minister, Rev. John Cotton.
Mr. Hough (1643) arrived at Boston with his wife, Elizabeth, in the "Griffin," Sept. 4,
1633, became a freeman March 4, 1634, and was -chosen an assistant in 1635. On
account of his antinomian tendencies he was not chosen assistant in 1637, but Boston
elected him a deputy in 1637 and 1638. He was present when the charter of the
Military Company of the Massachusetts was granted. June 8, 1638, he was fined live
shillings for absence when the General Court was called. He advanced fifty pounds
to aid the colony, and in 1641 he was granted by the General Court four hundred acres
of land in lieu thereof. His wife died Oct. 14, 1643, and he married another at Wells,
who was received into the First Church, Boston, April 4, 1646.

Jan. 4, 1635, Mr. Hough (1643) was granted by the town of Boston six hundred
acres of land at Mount Wollaston, which grant was soon after increased to seven
hundred acres.

He was chosen selectman of Boston Sept. 28, 1640, for the six months following.
His residence was on the southerly side of School Street, near Washington. Beacon
Street, easterly end, was laid out on the 30th of March, 1640, by the following vote :
"Also it is ordered y' y° streete from Mr. Atherton Haulghes [1643] to y^' Gentry Hill
be layd out & soe kept open forever." The foregoing order established the whole of
School Street, and Beacon Street as far as the present State House.

He died Sept. 11, 1650, leaving a widow, Susanna, and one son. Rev. Samuel
Hough, of Reading.

Thomas Jones ( 1643) came from England to Dorchester in 1635, aged forty years.
He was one of the first signers of the church covenant in 1636, was admitted to be a
freeman March 13, 1638, and the same year was a deputy; also in 1639 and 1649. He
was elected selectman in 1636, and often during the thirty years after; also, in 1661, a
commissioner " to end small causes." He lived near the hill called by his name, and
died "Nov. 13, 1667, aged 75 years," according to his gravestone. Col. Stoughton
(1637) called him, in his will, " My loving friend Jones."

Henry Maudsley (1643), now Moseley, of Braintree, came in the "Hopewell" in
163s, aged twenty-four years. "Henry Moseley, of Dorchester in 1630, had a house-lot
granted him in that town, Sept. 10, 1637," according to the History of Dorchester, " and
was afterward in Boston and Braintree." Feb. 24, 1639-40, he was granted by the town
of Boston twelve acres, at three shillings per acre. Henry Maudsley (1643) bought,
about 1653, the lot on the corner of Hanover and Union streets, which Dr. Shurtleff
identifies as the home of Franklin's father.

Samuel Moseley, the renowned Indian fighter, who joined the Artillery Company in
1672, was a son of Henry (1643).

Atherton Hough (1643). Authorities: Sav- men, — ('apt. Gibbons (1637) and William Tyng

age's Gen. Diet.; Records of Boston, 1634-1660; (1638).

Records of Mass. Bay; Savage's Edition of Win- Thomas Jones (1643). Authorities: New

throp's Hist, of New Eng. Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1851, 1852, 1861 (will);

This name is plainly Hough on the oldest roll. Savage's Gen. Diet.; Hist, of Dorchester, by Antiq.

It is the same on the transcript of 1745; but some and Flist. Soc. ; Records of Mass. Bay.
one added "es" to the name, and Mr. Whitman Henry Maudsley (1643). Authorities:

(iSio) translated Houghes to be Hewes. Mr. Shurtleff 's Topog. Des. of Boston, p. 628; Savage's

Hough's (1643) sureties were two very prominent Gen. Diet.; Boston Records.

132 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1643-4

Francis Norton (1643) was of Portsmouth, N. H., in 1631. "After the death of
Capt. Mason, his widow and executrix sent over Francis Norton [1643] as her general
attorney, to whom she committed the whole management of the estate. But the expenses
so far exceeded the income, and the servants grew so impatient for their arrears, that she
was obliged to relinquish the care of the plantation, and tell the servants that they must
shift for themselves : upon which they shared the goods and cattle. Mr. Norton [1643]
drove above an hundred oxen to Boston, and there sold them for twenty-five pounds
sterling per head, which, it is said, was the current price of the best cattle in New Eng-
land at the time. He did not return to New Hampshire, but took up his residence in
Charlestown " in 1637, when the town voted, "Mr. Francis Norton is admitted a
Townsman, if he please." He was admitted to be a freeman May 18, 1642. In 1646,
he was lieutenant of the Charlestown train-band, and in 1655 was promoted to be its
captain. In 1652, he was appointed to act as major of the Middlesex Regiment during
the absence of Major Robert Sedgwick (1637). The same year the General Court
appointed a committee of ten persons to attend to the repairing of the Castle, nine of
whom were members of the Artillery Company. Francis Norton (1643) ^^^s one of the
committee. In 1646, he visited England. He was deputy from Charlestown to the
General Court in 1647, 1650, and from 1652 to 1661 inclusive, except 1656 and 1657.
He was elected first sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1644 and 1645, ensign in 1647,
lieutenant in 1650, and captain in 1652 and 1655. " He was," says Johnson, "a man of
bold and cheerful spirit, well disciplined, and an able man"; also, " one of a cheerful
spirit, and full of love to the truth." He died July 27, 1667.

Peter Oliver (1643), of Boston, son of Elder Thomas, was a brother of Capt. James
Oliver (1637), of John (1638), and of Samuel (1648). He was grandfather of Capt.
Nathaniel Oliver (171 7). Peter Oliver (1643) was born in England about 161S, and
came over with his father in 1632. He married Sarah, daughter of John Newgate. He
was an eminent trader; was admitted to be a freeman May 13, 1640, and was selectman
of Boston from 1653 to 1656 inclusive, and from 1661 to 1670 inclusive.

One of the first contributions which Boston and Massachusetts ever made for suffer-
ing communities was made in 1667, when an appeal was sent to Major-Gen. John Leverett
(1639) by a starving settlement near the mouth of Cape Fear River, North Carolina.
Peter Oliver (1643) and Mr. John Bateman, of Boston, were appointed by the General
Court to receive and forward all contributions.

He was one of the founders of the Third, or Old South, Church, in May, 1669. In
the Records of Selectmen of Boston, March 28, 1653, he is called "Cornet Peeter
Oliver." He held the position of cornet in the Suffolk County troop of horse in 1652,
and after his decease he was succeeded by Thomas Brattle (1675). He was lieutenant
in the Narraganset expedition in 1654, under Major Willard. He was second sergeant
of the Artillery Company in 165 1, ensign in 1658, and captain in 1669. He died
April II, 1670, while occupying the latter office.'

Francis Norton (1643). Authorities: Savage's Gen. Diet. ; Recuvds of Mass. Bay; Hill's

Frolhingham's Hist, of Charlestown; Savage's Gen. Hist, of Old South Church.
Diet.; Records of Mass. Bay. ' " 70. 2"" iid. Mr I'cter Oliver died and was

Peter Oliver (164J). Authorities: New \amented by a\\ men" — A'oA/'ur^ C/iii>r/i Mei:or,/s.
Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1865; Oliver Genealogy;

•643-4] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 1 33

John Plympton (1643), of Dedham in 1642; but probably came over some years
before, as Dr. George Alcock, of Roxbury, in his will of Dec. 22, 1640, mentions his
apprentice, John Plympton (1643). He was admitted to be a freeman May 10, 1643,
and married, at Dedham, March 13, 1644, Jane Daman, or Damon, of Dedham. He
moved from Dedham to Medfield in 1652. His house-lot was on Main Street, where
William Kingsbury now lives. His field was on the south side of the street, opposite his
house. In the spring of 1673, he emigrated to Deerfield, and, when King Philip's War
began, he was the chief military officer in Deerfield. Mr. Plympton (1643) was captured
by the Indians, Sept. 19, 1677, carried toward Canada, and subsequently killed. One
report says he was burned at the stake by the savages near Chambly.

Hugh Pritchard (1643) was of Gloucester in 1642, and moved to Roxbury soon
after. He was admitted to be a freeman May 18, 1642, and joined the church in Rox-
bury, "being recommended from the church at Cape Ann." He was deputy from
Roxbury in 1643, 1644, and 1649. According to Mr. Johnson (1637), Capt. Pritchard
(1643) was captain of the Roxbury train-band in 1644. May 6, 1646, Mr. Hugh Pritch-
ard (1643) was freed by the General Court from common training at Roxbury for twelve
months. Winthrop says, May 26, 1647, " Capt. Weld [1637], of Roxbury, being dead, the
young men of the town agreed together to choose one George Denison, a young soldier lately
out of the wars in England, but the ancient and chief men of the town . . . chose one
Mr. Prichard [1643], . . . whereupon much discontent and murmuring arose in the town."
"The cause coming to the Court, and all parties being heard, Mr. Prichard [1643] was
allowed, and the young men were pacified, and the lieutenant." Mr. Pritchard (1643)
was sent in 1643, with Humfrey Atherton (1638), on an embassy to the Narraganset
and Niantick Indians. In 1657, Capt. Hugh Pritchard (1643) sold his estate of fifty
acres, " lying west of Stony River and east of the highway to Muddy River," to John
Pierpont. Capt. Pritchard (1643) was one of the founders of the free school in Roxbury,
and went home about 1650 to Wales, his native country. In the deed written in
1657, his attorneys describe him as of Broughton, in the county of Denbigh.

William Robinson (1643), of Dorchester in 1636, was admitted to be a freeman
May 18, 1642, having joined the church in 1638. He was granted land there in 1656,
and was a "rater" in 1658 and 1661. He bought the tide-mill, now known as Tiles-
ton's Mill, on Smelt Brook Creek. He went to England in 1644, and returned the
same year. Mr. Robinson (1643) was killed July 6, 1668, by being drawn under the
cog-wheel of his mill.

John Scarborough (1643), of Roxbury in 1639, was admitted to be a freeman May
13, 1640. The Roxbury Records, as printed by the Boston Record Commissioners,

John Plympton (1643). Authorities: Ded- John Scarborough (1643). Authorities:

ham Records; Tildcn's Hist, of Medfield. Drake's Hist, of Roxbury; Savage's Gen. Diet.

Hugh Pritchard (1643). Authorities: Rec- "Peter Gardiner, of Roxbury, testifies that

orils of Mass. Bay; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Savage's Mary Torreys first husband, John Scarborough,

Edition of Winthrop's Hist, of New Eng.; Dral<e's was killed at Boston, shooting off one of the great

Hist, of Roxbury. guns." — AV-.v Eii^^. Ifisl. and Cell. Kfg., 1SS6,

William Robinson (1643). Authorities: /. 63.
New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1S51, t858 (will), This accident occurred " 4 mo, 9 day," instead

iSSo; Hist, of Dorchester, by Antiq. and Hist. See; of " 9 mo., 4 day," as stated in the Mem. Hist, of

Savage's Gen. Diet. Boston, \'ol. L

134 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND ['643-4

Vol. VI., p. 32, define his property. His neighbors were Isaac Morrill (1638) and Isaac
Johnson (1645). The Roxbury Church Records inform us, "4 mo., 9 day, 1646,"
"John Scarborough slaine by charging a great gunn."

Benjamin Smith (1643), of Dedham, was born about 1612. He became a freeman
June 2, 1641, and joined the Dedham church jMay 28, 1641. He married, July 10, 1641,
Mary Clarke, of Dedham. He signed the Dedham covenant, and was granted six acres
of upland in 1642. His son, Benjamin, was born in that town Oct. 18, 1646, after which
trace of the father is lost. His sureties were both Dedham men, viz. : Lieut. Lusher
(1638) and Sergt. Fisher (1640).

John Smith (1643), of Dedham, was probably related to Benjamin (1643). On
the oldest roll of the Company, there are the names of four persons who joined the
Company at the same time. They are enclosed by a bracket, and opposite are the
names oi the two sureties for each of the four persons. The sureties are both Dedham
men, and three of the four recruits were citizens of Dedham. It would seem most
probable that the fourth person was, also. John Smith (1643), of Dedham, was a farmer ;
by wife, Margaret, he had a son born July 5, 1644, and the father died Aug. 14, 1645.

Samuel Titterton (1643). This name is. plainly written on the oldest roll,
"Sam' Titterton," but no trace of him has been found.

Robert Turner (1643). He joined the Military Company of the Massachusetts
first in 1640. See page in.

William Ware (1643), of Dorchester in 1633, became a freeman May 10 of that
year. In 1644 and 1652, he purchased additional properties in Dorchester. At about
the latter date he removed to Boston. He was by trade a shoemaker, and was admitted
to be a townsman in Boston Jan. 31, 1653. In 1657, his taxes were abated "upon
consideration of his long sickness and low estate." He died Feb. 11, 1658. Abstract
of his will, dated March 26, 1656, and proved April i, 1658, is given in the New England
Historical and Genealogical Register, VIII., 353.

John Webb (1643), of Boston, was admitted to the church Feb. 9, 1634, when he
was called a single man. He probably went home soon after, and returned to America
June 3, 1635. He was a husbandman, said to be from Marlborough, Wilts County,
England, and had an alias, " Evered," probably to delude the tyrannical formalities.
He was admitted a freeman Dec. 7, 1636, and became oiie of the early settlers of
Chelmsford. He was ensign of a military company there, and represented that town
at the General Court in 1663, 1664, and 1665. In the year last named, he was expelled
and disfranchised for a season, but was soon restored, and had a grant of land. He was
at Dracut in 1667, at which time he held the office of captain. He died Oct. 16, 1668.

Benjamin Smith (1643). Authority: Decl- Soc; Savage's Gen. Diet.; New Eng. Hist, antl

ham Records. Gen. Reg., 1SS7.

John Smith (1643). AuTitcnuTY: Dedham John Webb (1643). Authorities: Savage's

Records. Gen. Diet.; Records of Mass. Bay; Whitman's

William Ware (1643). Authorities: Boston Hist. A. and H. A. Company; Report of Boston

Records; Hist, of Dorctiester, by Antiq. and Hist. Rec. Com., Vol. VI., p. 207.

'644-5] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY.

135

Rev. Samuel Danforth, in his records, says, "17"' 8'" 68 John Web, alias Everit,
pursuing a Whale, was caught in y'' rope, twisted about his middle, & being drawn into
y'' sea, was drowned."

Robert Wright (1643) appears to have been in Boston from 1643 to 1655, where
by wife, Mary, he had four children; also in 1656, when he was chosen surveyor of
highways. .

^ The officers elected were : Thomas Hawkins (1638), captain ; Robert

I OZLzl" ^. Bridges (1641), lieutenant, and Thomas Wells (1644), ensign. Francis
' ' «-^ Norton (1643) was first sergeant; Eleazer Lusher (1638), second ser-
geant; James Johnson (1638), third sergeant, and Thomas Clarke (1644), fourth ser-
geant. Anthony Stoddard (1639) was clerk, John Audlin (1638), armorer, and Arthur
Perry (1638), drummer.

Capt. Hawkins (1638) was lieutenant of the Artillery Company in 1642, was
re-elected in 1643, 'ind promoted to be captain in 1644, "being the only instance," says
Mr. Whitman (1810), "known of the like in the Company." He lived on Rock Hill,
afterwards called Savin Hill, in Dorchester, where the first fort was built, and where
" ye Great Guns " were mounted.

In 1644, the Massachusetts train-bands were organized into thirty companies, one
in each town, which were massed into four regiments, bearing the names of as many
counties, which, to exhibit to posterity that " they remembered from whence they
came," were called Suffolk, Essex, Middlesex, and Norfolk or Northfolk. The last-
named was composed of towns which are now principally within the limits of the State
of New Hampshire.

Each company had its captain, lieutenant, and ensign, chosen by a majority vote ;
and the officers of companies in each regiment elected a sergeant-major, who was its
commander. The commander-in-chief, or sergeant-major-general, was elected by the
General Court.

The first sergeant-major-general, who was elected in 1644, was Thomas Dudley,
whose name is subscribed to the charter of the Artillery Company as deputy governor,
but who never was a member, though several of his descendants have been. Thomas
Dudley was the son of Capt. Roger Dudley, who was " slain in the wars." He served
gallantly when a young man as the captain of a company of Englishmen in the service
of France, who followed the white plume of Henry of Navarre at the siege of Amiens.
Later in life he became a strict Puritan, and when he was fifty-four years of age he came

In 1636, Charlestown paid Capts. PalricU and writers speak in high terms of the skill displayed at

Underbill (1637) twenty shillings a time for train- the general musters. There was one in May, 1639,

ing its company. that lasted a day, when more than a thousand sol-

" But there were no such expenses after Robert diers, alile men, well armed and exerciscil, were in

Sedgwick [1637] and Francis Norton [1643], both Boston; and another, Sept. 15, 1641, which Lasted

distinguished military men as well as enterprising two days, when there were over twelve hundred;

merchants, became inhabitants. and though there was 'plenty of wine and strong

" Edward Johnson [1637] speaks of ' the very beer,' yet, such is the testimony, there was ' no man

gallant horse troop ' of this town in 1644. Francis drunk, no oath sworn, no quarrel, no hurt done.'

Norton [1643] at that time commanded the foot This was the golden age of New England musters."

company, Ralph Sprague [1638] was the lieutenant, — Fyol/iingkaiii's Hisl. of Charlisloion, /. 97.
and Abraham Palmer [1638J the ensign. The early

136 HISTORY OF TliE ANCIENT AND ['644-5

to New England as deputy governor under Cxov. Winthrop. He held this office in
1630, and frequently until 1641 ; but in 1644, when he was sixty-eight years of age, he
was chosen sergeant-major-general. It was said that "his faithfulness in office, great
zeal in the affairs of the colony, distinguished military talents and love of the truths of
Christ, led the people to choose him as their major-general, although he was far stricken
in years." The three sergeant-majors of 1644 whose names have been preserved
were members of the Artillery Company, and of the thirty-fou* captains, lieutenants,
and ensigns on the roster of the Massachusetts Militia in 1644, whose names have been
handed down, twenty-four were members of this Company.

The civil war in England began in August, 1642, when the swords of the contend-
ing factions were first drawn. On one side were the king and his adherents, on the
other. Parliament with its forces, svhich were at first led by the Earl of Essex. The Earl
was not fitted for a commander-in-chief, having " little energy and no originality." In
1643, the Independents arose, of whom Oliver Cromwell became the soul and inspiration.
He "looked for recruits," says Macaulay, "who were not mere mercenaries, — for
recruits of decent station, and grave character, fearing God and zealous for public
liberty." Such were the recruits of Massachusetts Bay, who quickly and cheerfully
volunteered under the standard of the "lord of the fens."

There is a tradition that a regiment of cavalry, — probably it was a company, — called
" Cromwell's Own," enlisted in the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, and, crossing the
ocean, fought upon the side of Parliament. We regret that if there is any information
concerning this regiment or company in the archives of the British empire, it has been
unobtainable.

The following- named members of the Military Company of the Massachusetts Bay
are known to have been of the number who espoused on the battle-field the cause
represented by Oliver Cromwell : —

Col. George Cooke (1638). Major Benjamin Keayne (163S).

Col. John Leverett (1639). Major Samuel Shepard (1640).

Col. William Rainsburrow (1639). Surgeon Francis Lyall (1640).

Col. Stephen Winthrop (1641). Capt. William Hudson (1640).

Lieut.-Col. Israel Stoughton (1637). Capt. Thomas Marshall (1640).

Major Nehemiah Bourne (1638). Ensign Thomas Huckens (1637).

It is a matter of record that many others, members of the Military Company of the
Massachusetts, went to England between 1640 and 1647, but it is not known who of
them engaged in military service.

The new members recruited in 1644-5 were: Thomas Adams, Herman Adwood,
John Arnold, Theodore Atkinson, John Baker, George Barstow, Henry Bridgham, William
Burcham, John Butler, Thomas Clarke [Jr.], George Clifford, Robert Crosman, Andrew
Duren, George Fairbanks, Henry Farnham, Anthony Fisher, Ralph Fogg, Robert Hale,
Anthony Harris, David Kelly, Henry Kibby, Edward Larkin, Nathaniel Manwarring,
Moses Paine, Thomas Phillips, William Phillips, John Read, John Richards, Thomas
Roberts, Richard Russell, Peter Saltonstall, John Smith, Joshua Tedd, John Tuttle, Isaac
Walker, Robert Ware, Thomas Wells, Hugh Williams, Nathaniel Williams, Robert
Williams, Deane Winthrop, John Woodbridge.

'^44-5] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 1 37

Thomas Adams (1644), of Braintree, son of Henry, came to America with his
parents in 1632, was admitted to be a freeman May 10, 1643, and removed to Concord
in 1646. In 1657, he settled in Chehnsford, where he was the first town clerk. He was
a selectman, and also represented that town in the General Court, 1673. He was
elected ensign of the foot company at Chelmsford in 1678, and was its lieutenant in
1682. He died July 20, 1688, aged seventy-six years.

Herman Adwood (1644), of Boston in 1642, came from Sanderstead, Surrey County,
England, in the employment of Thomas Buttolph, a leather-dresser. He was admitted
to be a townsman Dec. 26, 1642, joined the church Feb. 24, 1644, and became a free-
man in 1645. He married, Aug. 11, 1646, Ann, daughter of William Copp. He died
in 165 1. His son, John, joined the Artillery Company in 1673.

John Arnold (1644), of Boston in 1639, was a plasterer. He was admitted to be
a freeman May 10, 1643, and was unmarried when he united with the First Church,
April 22, 1643. He died prior to Oct. 29, 1661, when the administrator of his estate
entered a claim to certain lands in Boston as the property of the deceased. His house
and garden were west of Hanover Street and north of Mill Creek. He had a grant of
land, Feb. 24, 1639.

Theodore Atkinson (1644), of Boston in 1634, felt maker, came in the employ-
ment of John Newgate, from Bury, England. He joined the First Church Jan. 11, 1635,
and became a freeman May iS, 1642. He was one of the founders and members of the
Old South Church. His son, Theodore, — a sergeant in Capt. Davenport's (1639) com-
pany, — was killed in the great Indian fight of Dec. 19, 1675. Theodore, Sr. (1644), had
a grant of land in 1640 at Muddy River, and subsequently was a constable, 1649, and
clerk of the market, 1655. In 1645, he bought of Thomas Hawkins (1638) a house on
Court Street, south side, on the second lot from the corner of Washington Street. In
1652, he bought another, near the present line of Bromfield Street, which he sold to
Edward Rawson, colonial secretary ; hence Rawson's Lane, now Bromfield Street.
Theodore Atkinson died in August, 1701, aged eighty-nine years.

John Baker (1644), of Boston, a blacksmith, was admitted to be an inhabitant of
Boston March 28, 1642, and to be a freeman May 18, 1642. He married Joan Swift, of
Dorchester. By his will, it appears that he had a second wife, Thankful Foster ; that he
was part owner of the ships " Hercules " and " Mary," the latter being commanded by
Capt. Joseph Rock (1658). Hopestill Foster (1673) was his brother-in-law, and Richard
Baker (1658) was his brother. His will was signed March 26, 1665-6, and the inventory
was taken July 3, 1666.

George Barstow (1644), of Boston, son of Matthew, of Shelf, York County, England,
came from Gravesend in the ship "Truelove," in 1635, aged twenty-one years. In

Thomas Adams (1644). Authorities: Sav- of Old South Church; New Eng. Hist, and Gen.

age's Gen. Diet.; Records of Mass. Ray; New En;;. Reg., 1853.
Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1S53, p. 42. John Baker (1644). Authorities: New

Herman Adwood (1644). Authorities: Sav- Erg. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1861. p. 124 (will) ; Sav-
age's Gen. Diet.; Boston Records. age's Gen. Diet. : Boston Records.

John Arnold (1644). Authorities: Sav- George Barstow (1644). Authorities: Sav-
age's Gen. Diet.; Boston Records. . age's G.en. Diet.; Records of Plymouth Colony;

Theodore Atkinson (1644). Authorities: Dedham Records; Deane's Hist, of Scituate.
Boston Records; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Hill's Hist.

138 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1644-5

1636, he had a grant of land at Dedham, whither he moved soon after his arrival, and
thence to Scituate about 1651.

From the Records of Plymouth Colony, Vol. III., p. 35, we learn that a suit was
commenced against William Barstow — brother of George (1644) — by Rev. Charles
Chauncy, of Scituate (afterwards president of Harvard College), for saying that he (Mr.
Chauncy) was the cause of the death of his brother, George Barstow (1644), late
deceased, and for saying that the said Mr. Chauncy sent his bulls abroad to the church
at Cambridge, whereby the said George Barstow (1644) was hindered from communion
with said church, which hastened his death through grief. The court ordered William
Barstow to retract. The explanation of this is, that George Barstow (1644) was a
member of the Second Church in Scituate, with which Mr. Chauncy was at variance.

George Barstow (1644) died at Cambridge March 18, 1653-4.

Henry Bridgham (1644), of Dorchester in 1641, was admitted to be a freeman in
1643, and removed to Boston. He united with the First Church March 31, 1644. He
was a tanner.

On the creek, near the corner of the present Water and Congress streets, the
leather-dressers, in 1643, were granted a place to water their leather. Deacon Henry
Bridgham (1644) was in possession of property on the south side of Water Street in
1655, and in 1670 he built a mansion on the lot and had his tan-pits near by. Mr.
Bridgham (1644) did not live to move into the new house. The mansion became the
famous Julien House, and its history is given by Shurtleff in his Topographical Descrip-
tion of Boston, p. 659. A picture of it may be seen in Memorial History of Boston,
Vol. n., p. 524.

In 1646, the selectmen gave Capt. Bridgham (1644) permission to set his bark-
house on the town's land, and in 1660 the land was confirmed unto him by them, upon
his paying forty pounds towards the erection of an " Almes-house " in the town. He
was a constable in 1653, and later, a captain in the militia.

He died March 12, 1670-1, and his will was proved April 13, 1671. The inventory
was nearly four thousand pounds.

William Burcham (1644).

John Butler (1644), of Boston, became a freeman in 1649; by profession a phy-
sician. Savage says Mr. Butler (1644) was probably of Hartford in 1666, certainly a
freeman there in 1669. He removed to Branford, and died in 1680. Administration
on the estate of Dr. John Butler (1644) was granted in Boston, Oct. 5, 1682.

Thomas Clarke [Jr.] (1644), of Boston, shopkeeper, son of Major Thomas Clarke
(1638), was born in ICngland. He lived wuth his parents for a short time in Dorchester,
became a freeman June 2, 1641, and soon after removed to Boston. He held a promi-
nent place in the affairs of the town, and was a representative to the General Court in
1673, 1674, 1675, and 1676. He was fourth sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1644,
third sergeant in 1645, first sergeant in 1650, clerk in 1653 and 1654, second sergeant

Henry Bridgham (1644). Authorities: Thomas Clarke [Jr.] (1644). AirrHORiTV:

Savage's Gen. Diet.; Report of Boston Rec. Com., Wliilnian's llist. A. and H. A. Company.
Vol.11.; Bostonian Mag., Vol. I., p. 275; Shurtltff's '

Topog. Des. of Boston.

'644-5] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 1 39

in 1660, first sergeant in 1661, ensign in 1662, and captain in 1673. In tine local militia,
he rose to the grade of captain. He died July 28, 1678.

Col. Nathaniel Byfield (1679) •" 1675 married Deborah, a daughter of Capt.
Thomas Clarke (1644), and Klisha Hutchinson (1670) married another daughter, Mrs.
Elizabeth (Clarke) Freak.

George Clifford (1644), of Boston, had a son John, bcrn in 1646. The preceding,
with the following from the Boston Record Commissioners' Report, Vol. II., p. 76,
comprises our knowledge of him : —

"It is agreed betweene the select men on the Towne's behalfe and Hugh Williams
[1644] and George Clifford [1644] : That Nathaniel Newgate [1646] Apprentize to
the said Hugh Williams [1644] and George Clifford [1644], aforesaid, shall doe all
Comon service in druming for the Towne on trayning dayes and watches, The sayd
George for these three yeares next ensueing, and the said Nathaniel for these foure
yeares next ensueing, in Consideration whereof the Towne will be at the charge of
learning skill in druming.

"It's further agreed with ."Xrthur Perry [1638] that he shall give his Best diligence
in Teaching the sayd George Clifford [1644] and Nathaniel Newgate [1646] in all the
skill and use of the drum needfull to all common service in military Affayres, in con-
sideration whereof he shall have foure pounds payd to him within six mo : next ensuing."
Arthur Perry (163S), — who lived on School Street, — the first drummer of the Artillery
Company, was thus the teacher of his successors.

Robert Crosman (1644), of Dedham, was born in England. He was one of the
first proprietors of Dedham, 1636, when he signed the covenant for the government of
the town. He was admitted a townsman Jan. 2, 1642, and grants of land in that town
were made to him in February, 1642 ; October, 1643 ; May, 1644 ; October, 1644 ; Feb-
ruary, 1645, and March, 1652. He had permission, Feb. 4, 1644, to build himself a
house "nere the meeting house." Mr. Crosman gave notice of his discovery of a "mine
of Mettall," "26 of 3 mo., 1649," and claimed it for his heirs and assigns. The mine
was westerly of the place where Neponset River divides, a part being on the south
side of the greatest stream and a part " betwixt the division of said streams." In 1652,
Mr. Crosman had liberty to accept or refuse the building of a mill according to the grant
made to him, and soon after he " lay down that grant of libertie."

He was living in Dedham in the summer of 1653. He married in that town, May
25, 1652, Sarah Kingsbury, by whom he had eleven or more children. His wife died in
1686, and he afterward married a widow, — Martha Eatton, of Bristol. He moved
to Taunton in 1653 or 1654, with wife and one daughter. He was one of the early
"twelve shilling" purchasers of the territory.' He also bought a house on Dean Street,
of Capt. Foster, of Dorchester. Mr. Crosman (1644) was considered a \ery skilful
mechanic, and was called "the drum-maker." June 28, 1672, the selectmen of Dedham
made a contract with Mr. Crosman (1644) to build a mill at Wollomonuppoag, now

Robert Crosman (1644). Authorities: and of Mr. Baylies, that Robert was the son of John

Dedham Records; New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., Crosman. Rol^ert was an original emigrant, who

1S57, p. 40. settled in Dedham, and was one of the original set-

Capt. John W. D. Hall, secretary of the Old tiers of Taunton.
Colony Historical Society, has disproved the state- ' MS. of Mr. John W. D. Hall, Taunton, 1S95.

ment of Mr. Savage, in his Genealogical Dictionary,

140 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1644-5

Wrentham. He must have been a reliable man and a superior mechanic, otherwise the
selectmen of Dedham would not have sent to Taunton for a man who had not been a
resident of Dedham for eighteen years, to build a mill for them. He died in 1692, and
his widow in 1694.

Andrew Duren (1644) is supposed to have come from Lincolnshire, England. He
signed the Dedham covenant, was admitted to the Dedham church April 19, 1646, and
was admitted a freeman May 6 next following. He was admitted an inhabitant of
Dedham Jan. i, 165 1, and held the office of surveyor of land that year. He married
(i) Lydia Goodnow and, (2) Dec. 21, 1652, "An Donstall." He died Sept. 16, 1677.
Mr. Duren' (1644) resided in that part of Dedham now called Needham. He owned
large tracts of land in the south part of the town, on Charles River, which were occupied
by his descendants for several generations.

George Fairbanks (1644), of Dedham, son of Jonathan of that town, who came from
Sowerby, England, prior to 1641, bringing his wife and six children. George (1644),
the second son, was in Dedham in 1641, and is said to have been the first settler in
Medfield, west of the river, near the Sherborn line, whither he moved in 1657. He
married, in 1646, Mary Adams, of Dedham. He was drowned in 1682. Administration
on his estate was granted May 31, 1683.

Henry Farnham (1644) settled in Roxbury, and w-as admitted a freeman in 1645,
his name then being spelled Firnum. On the church records, kept by Rev. John Eliot,
the name is spelled Farnham. Rev. Samuel Danforth wrote in the Roxbury Church
Records : " 1658 mo 12, 11 d. At midnight there happened a great burning. The fire
began in the outside of Henry Farnham's [1644] work-house next the orchard and it
burnt up his work house and his dwelling house and consumed a great part of his timber,
some of his goods and corn and all his tools, but it pleased God not to suffer it to pro-
ceed any further." He was a joiner by trade. He moved to Long Island, thence to
Killingworth, Conn., where he was in 1666, and became in that town a deacon of the
church. He died Jan. 13, 1700.

Anthony Fisher (1644), son of Anthony, brother of Daniel (1640), and cousin of
Joshua (1640), came with his parents to New England and settled in Dedham in 1637.
He became a freeman May 6, 1643, and joined the Dedham church July 20, 1645.
He married, Sept. 7, 1647, in Dedham, Joanna Faxon, of Braintree. He moved to
Dorchester from Dedham, and probably lived with his father, who died the next year.
He was one of the first to settle within the limits of the present town of Wrentham in
the year 1661. He died at Dorchester Feb. 13, 1670, and in the inventory of his estate,
taken April 7, i(')7o, he is called "late of Dedham." His widow died Oct. 16, 1694.

Ralph Fogg (1644) was of Plymouth in 1633, but removed to Salem, and was
admitted a freeman Sept. 3, 1634. He was chosen treasurer of the town of Salem in

Andrew Duren (1644I. Authorities : Ded- Anthony Fisher (1644). Auihorities: .Sav-

ham Records; Savage's Gen. Diet. age's Gen. Diet.; Dedham Records; Dedham Hist.

George Fairbanks (1644). Authorities: Reg.; New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg, 185 1.
Tilden's Hist, of Mcdlicl.l; .Savage's Gen. Diet. '"Andrew Duen," according to the e.arlicst

Henry Farnham (1644). Authorities: .Sav- copy of the roll; now spelled Dewing. Mr. Savage,

age's (ien. Diet ; New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., in Gen. Diet, H.. 392. mentions live children of

iSSo; Sixth Report of Boston Rec. Com. .Andrew Duren.

1^44-5] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. I4I

1637, and the same year it was ordered that, "for want of print howse or some means
to pubHsh " resolves, etc., that the inhabitants might understand the laws and avoid
any breach of them, they were advised to repair to Mr. Ralph Fogg (1644), who kept
the records of said resolves and orders, where the people might satisfy themselves in
every particular.' In 1645, Mr. Fogg (1644) was authorized to receive contributions
from Salem people for the maintenance of poor scholars at the college at Cambridge.'
In 1652, Ralph Fogg (1644) petitioned the General Court to keep "an intelligence
office or exchange." It was not granted. He soon after returned to England, was a
livery-man of London of the Skinners' Company, and died in 1674.

Robert Hale (1644), of Charlestown, came probably in the tleet with W^inthrop in
1630, and was one of the earliest members of the First Church in Boston, his name
being the eighteenth on the church roll. He was one of the founders of the Charlestown
church, Nov. 2, 1632, and was one of its first deacons. He became a freeman May
14, 1634, and was by trade a carpenter. Hale Street perpetuates his name. He was
wealthy, and active in all public concerns of the town, serving as a selectman for eleven
years. He was ensign of the Charlestown train-band, and died July 16, 1659. Nathan
Hale, executed by the British as a spy, was one of his descendants.

Anthony Harris (1644), of Boston, may have lived in Ipswich in 1648, but he must
have returned soon after and settled at Winnisinimet Point, now Chelsea, where he died
Dec. 30, 165 1.

He was a brother-in-law of Elias Maverick (1654), and his mother married as her
second husband, William Stitson (1648).

David Kelley (1644), of Boston, had wife, Elizabeth, and two sons, David and
Samuel. He died in 1662.

Henry Kibby (1644), of Dorchester, was a tailor; admitted to be a freeman May
18, 1642, and died July 10, 1661.

Edward Larkin (1644), of Charlestown in 1638, became a freeman May 13, 1640.
His dwelling-house and garden plot "were situated on the Southwest of the Mill hill.
butting south-west upon crooked lane."- His wife is called "widow Joanna Larkin,"
Feb. 3, 1656.

Nathaniel Manwarring (1644).

Moses Paine (1644), of Braintree, born in England, was eldest son of Moses of
the same town. He was admitted to be a freeman in 1647 ; was ensign of the Braintree
company from 1665 to 1671 ; represented that town in the House of Deputies in 1666
and 1668; was first sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1667, ensign in 1668, and
lieutenant in 1677. He moved to Boston in 1671, and was clerk of the market in 1672 ;
constable in 1673. In 1676, he was one among many citizens of Boston, named and

Robert Hale (1644). Authorities: New Moses Paine (1644). Authorities: Boston

Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg, 1S77, p. S3; Pilgrims uf Records; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Tilden's Hist, of

Boston, p. 344; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Frothingham's Medlield.
Hist, of Charlestown. ' Felt's Hist, of Salem, Vol. L, pp. 361, 430.

Anthony Harris (1644). Authority: New * Report of Boston Rec. Com., Vol. HI, pp.

Eng. Hist, and Gen Reg., 1S4S, p. 21S. 43, 75.

142

HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1644-5

approved of by the selectmen, " for preuentinge of excessiue drinkinge and disorder in
priuate houses &c." He was elected a "Surveyor for Bostone " March 12, 1676-7, and
in 1682 was one of six citizens licensed to keep "Wine Taverns." He died Dec. 15,
i6go. His daughter, Elizabeth, married Henry Adams (1652), of Medfield.

Thomas Phillips (1644).

William Phillips (1644), of Charlestown, was admitted to the church Sept. 23,
1639, and to be a freeman May 13, 1640. His wife died May i, 1646, and he moved
to Boston about 1649, where he married the widow of Christopher Stanley (1640). She
died June 16, 1655. He had much property in lands and mills in Saco,' was there
made an officer in the militia, was a magistrate in 1663, and was confirmed in that
office by the royal commissioners in 1665. He was promoted to be major in 1675, the
year in which he bravely and successfully defended his place against assault by the
Indians. They, however, destroyed his house by fire, and he returned to Boston to
reside. He made his will Sept. 29, 1683, and it was proved the 13th of November
following. The Charlestown Land Records refer to property of WiOiam Phillips, but
do not locate it. A memorandum says, "That I, Harman Garret, . . . did sell a
house and ground unto Walter Allen, which house and ground was the house and ground
of Mr. Phillips, that now keeps the ship tavern in Boston." This memorandum was
sworn to Sept. 30, 1652. In the Boston Town Records, he is named as appointed on a
town committee, March 11, 1650, and again the next month. He was called lieutenant
in 1657, when he appeared before the selectmen as attorney for Edward Bendall (1638).
He next appears on Boston Records, Dec. 3, 1680, applying for damages, which he
received, for a highway laid through his land in 1650. He was ensign of the Artillery
Company in 1655, and lieutenant in 1657.

John Read (1644), who was born in 1598, and is supposed to have been the son of
William and Lucy Henage Reade, residing at the hamlet of Rangle, near Boston, Lincoln-
shire, England, came to America with the great fleet in 1630. He lived for a time in
Dorchester, Braintree (now Quincy), and Weymouth. He was admitted a freeman May
13, 1640. He finally settled in Rehoboth, in the Plymouth Colony, where he spent a
long life of usefulness. He went there in company with the Rev. Samuel Newman,
pastor of the church in Weymouth, and others. His name appears as third on the orig-
inal list of proprietors of the town. He resided in that part of the town called the
"Ring," or the "Ring of the Town," — a semicircle, open to the west, which was after-
William Phillips (1644). AUTHORrriEs: Bos- patent, and gave the inhabitants the lower part,
ton Records; Savage's Gen. Diet. Major Phillips [1644] strengthened his title by an

John Read (1644). Authority: MS. of Mr. Indian deed, May 31, 1664. About this time, he
George B. Reed, Boston, 1894. was appointed as major over the forces of the

' "Richard Vines and John Oldham received Province. In 1661, he bought of the Indians an-
from the Plymouth Company in England, 1630, a other tract, eight miles square, which now comprises
patent for land on the west side of Saco River, four nearly the towns of Sanford, Alfred, and Waterboro'.
miles by the sea, and eight miles up country by the One half of this tract, called the " nineteen thousand
river. This is now called Biddeford. Vines sold acres," he divided, in 1676, among nineteen persons,
the patent, in 1645, to Dr. Robert Child [1639], among whom were, besides seven of his children,
who, being an Episcopalian, did not find a residence three sons-in-law, and four children of his wife's by
on it comfortable, and, in 1648, he sold it to John a former marriage, John JoUiffe, John Woodman,
Box & Co., of London. They resold it to William Elisha Hutchinson [1670], Theodore Atkinson
Phillips [1644], of Boston, vintner, March 11, [1644], and William Hudson [1640], all of Boston
1658-9. To end a controversy with the settlers, — to each, one thousand acres." — AfS. of Mr.
Mr. Phillips [1644] retained the upper part of the Edumrd P. Burnhaiii, Saco, Me.

1644-5] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 1 43

wards included in the town of Seekonk, and in our day is a part of liast Providence,
R. I. His grave is near the centre of the old Seekonk burying-ground, the gravestone
being marked, " I. R. AG 87. D. S 16S5 " (John Read, aged eighty-seven; died
September, 1658).

His second son, John, Jr., was killed March 26, 1676, by the Indians, in "Pierce's
Fight," King Philip's War, near Valley Falls, now in Rhode Island, an engagement in
which all the English, fifty in number, were killed.

John Richards (1644), of Dorchester, was a son of Thomas, who came to America
in 1630. John came, Randolph says, "as a servant," but he became a rich and success-
ful merchant. He settled, in 1649, at Arrowsic Island, Me., for the purpose of trading
with the Indians, but in 1653 removed to Boston. In 1654, he married the widow
of Adam Winthrop (1642) and daughter of Capt. Thomas Hawkins (1638), who died
Nov. I, 1691. His second wife was Ann, a daughter of Gov. John Winthrop, of
Connecticut. He had no children.

He was a lieutenant and captain in the militia, and succeeded Thomas Clarke
(1638) as sergeant-major of the Suffolk Regiment in 1683, which office he retained
through Andros's administration until 1689. He was treasurer of Harvard College
from 1672 to 1685, and judge of the Superior Court in 1692. He was elected second
sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1658, — first, in 1663; was ensign in 1665, and
lieutenant in 1667 and 1670.

He was admitted to the Second Church in Boston in 1664; held many important
positions in town matters, being selectman of Boston six years, 1668 to 1673 ; was repre-
sentative in the General Court for Newbury in 1671, 1672, and 1673 > for Hadley in 1675,
and for Boston in 1679 and 1680, being elected speaker the last-named year. From
1680 to 1686, he was elected an assistant, and was appointed one of the first new council
under the charter of William and Mary, in 1692. He continued in that office until his
death, which occurred at Boston, April 2, 1694. He was a commissioner with Mr.
Dudley (1677) to the King, in 1681, and in 1692 was appointed one of the judges of the
Superior Court for the trial at Salem of persons suspected of witchcraft.

He gave, by will, one hundred pounds to Harvard College, one hundred pounds to
the town of Boston, and one hundred pounds to the Second Church, beside numerous
other legacies. He left a large estate. Mr. John Foster (1679) was one of the
executors.

John Richards (1644). Authorities: Sav- found of his death; noble Parts being fair and

age's Gen. Diet. ; Boston Records. sound.

"Thorsday, Sept. i. 1692. Major John Rich- "Friday April 6. Major Richards is buried in

ards marries Mistress Anne Winthrop before Wm his Tomb in the North Burying Place : Companyes

Stoughton Esq the Litut Governour, at the House in arms attending the Funeral. Bearers Sloughton,

of Madam Usher." — Sewall Papers, Vol. /., /. 364. Danforth, Russell, Brown, Sewall, Addington ; Major

"April 2, 1694, Monday. Artillery Training. General and Mr. Foster led the widow. Mr. Torrey

... In the afternoon, all the town is filled with the was not there because it was P'riday. Coffin was

discourse of Major Richards death, which was vtry covered with Cloth. In the Tomb were fain to nail

extraordinarily suddain : was abroad on the sabbath, a Board across the coffins and then a board standing

din'd very well on Monday, and after falling into an right up from that, bearing against the top of the

angry passion with his Servant Richard Frame, pre- Tomb, to prevent their floating up & down; saw-

sently after, fell probably into a Fit of Apoplexy and ing and fitting this board made some inconvenient

died. On Tuesday night was opened and no cause Tarriance." — Sr^'all Papers, Vol. I., pp. 389, 390.

[44 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1644-5

Thomas Roberts (1644), son of John, came with his parents from Wales in 1636.
He settled with them in Roxbury, and became a member of the Roxbury church. He
moved to Boston, and was admitted to be a freeman in 1645. He was chosen "clerk
of the market," "1st mo. 12th," 1654, and died probably in July, 1654. His widow,
Eunice, married Moses Maverick, of Boston, Oct. 22, 1656.

Richard Russell (1644), of Charlestown, son of Paul, came in 1640 from Here-
ford, England, where he was born in 161 1. He became an inhabitant of Charlestown in
1640, a member of the church. May 22, 1641, and a freeman on the 2d of June follow-
ing. " He began early to be much esteemed," and was selectman in 1642, representa-
tive in 1646, and for twelve years afterward; speaker in 1648, 1650, 1654, 1655, and
1658 ; treasurer of the colony for twenty years, and assistant in 1659, and was repeatedly
re-elected until his decease. His gravestone, in the old burial-ground in Charlestown,
says, " Who served his country as Treasurer more than treble apprenticeship." He was,
therefore, in public life more than thirty years. He died May 14, 1676. Among other
bequests, he gave one hundred pounds to Harvard College, one hundred pounds to the
church, fifty pounds for a minister's home, two hundred pounds for the poor, etc. He

married (i) Maud , who died in 1652, and (2) in 1655, widow Mary Chester, of

Weathersfield, Conn.

Peter Saltonstall (1644). Mr. Whitman (1810), in his History of the Ancient and
Honorable Artillery Company, says, "Peter Saltonstall [1644] [was the] youngest son
of Sir Richard, of Watertown. It is from this son that the Saltonstalls of Haverhill
are descended. Col. Richard [1733] [was] a grandson of Peter."

Mr. Savage, in his Genealogical Dictionary, and Mr. Bond, in his History of Water-
town, find no trace of any Peter Saltonstall in America. The late Leverett Saltonstall,
of Boston, wrote that " the name of Peter Saltonstall has been discovered in no records
except those of the Artillery Company. It is not improbable that he was a son of Sir
Peter Saltonstall of Berkway, Co. Herts, K't, first cousin of Sir Richard. Sir Peter had a
son Peter, who died unmarried." Later he wrote again, " Upon making further investi-
gation, I find the evidence conflicting as to whether Peter was a son of Richard or not.
Winthrop speaks of Sir Richard staying at his house on the evening of his return with
two of his sons. Now, as Richard, Robert, and Samuel, I know, remained, Winthrop's
statement can only be accounted for by the fact that Peter and Henry were those who
returned with him."

The names of several members of the .Vrtillery Company are not found in any town
records, but the presence of some of them in Boston has been proved beyond doubt.

On the oldest roll of the Artillery Company (1680) the name is written plainly,
"Mr. Peter Saltonstall," and his sureties were Capt. Hawkins (1638) and Mr. Clarke
(.63S).

John Smith (1644). Savage, in his Genealogical Dictionary, mentions as belonging
to this period more than sixty John Smiths. He says, " John Smith, Boston, a tailor,

Thomas Roberts (1644). Authorities: Richard Russell (1644). Authorities: Sav-

New Eiig. Hist, and Gen. Keg., 1S58, p. 220; Ro.\- age's Gen. Diet.; Ilurd's Hist, of Middlesex Co.,

bury Records; Savage's Gen. Diet. Inventory of his Vol. I., p. 27; Frothingham's Hist, of Charlestown;

estate is given in New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., Charlestown Records.
1854, p. 277. The five persons who signed the inven-
tory were all members of the Artillery Company.

1644-5] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 145

admitted to the church Feb. 6, 1639, was admitted a' freeman May 22, 1639. He died
in 1674; his will, dated Sept. 23, 1673, was proved on the 13th of June following." The
Report of Boston Record Commissioners, Vol. II., locates John Smith's house and
garden west of Hanover Street and north of Portland Street, adjoining the lot where
the Green Dragon Tavern stood.

Joshua Tedd (1644), of Charlestown. This name is spelled on the oldest roll of
the Artillery Company, "Ted." Savage spells it "Tead, Teed, and Ted " ; Frothingham,
"Tedd"; Wyman, "Tidd," and Charlestown Records, "Tedd."

He was admitted an inhabitant of Charlestown in 1637, was admitted to the church
there March 10, 1639, and became a freeman May 22 next following. He was a shop-
keeper. His possessions of real estate in Charlestown consisted of six separate pieces.
His homestead was "west of Mill hill." He was a selectman in 1660 and 1668, is
called ensign on the church records in 1669, and was lieutenant of the Charlestown
company in 1678. He died Sept. 15, 1678, aged seventy-one years.

John Tuttle (1644), of Ipswich in 1635,' came over that year in the "Planter,"
from St. Albans, England. He was admitted to be a freeman March 13, 1639, and
represented Ipswich, in 1644, in the General Assembly. After a few years, he returned
home and became advantageously established in Ireland, whither his wife followed him
in 1654. He died Dec. 30, 1656, aged sixty years, at Carrickfergus, Ireland.

Isaac Walker (1644), a merchant of Boston in 1644-5, probably came hither from
Salem, Mass., as he was recommended to the First Church in Boston by the church in
Salem. He joined the former May 2, 1646, and a few days after was admitted to be a
freeman. In 1674, he transferred his membership to the Third Church. He was an
active proprietor of Lancaster, though he did not move there. In 1662, he and his wife
deeded to " their daughter, Susannah, . . . that little shop which now she keeps." This
daughter married a Thomas Stanbury, who built the building pulled down in i860,
called the " Old Feather Store." His son, Lieut. Isaac, joined the Artillery Company
in 1676. Isaac, Sr., died Oct 19, 1688. Judge Sewall, in his Diary, writes of Mr.
Walker's (1644) burial, on Monday, Oct. 22, 1688. Mr. Walker's (1644) third or
fourth wife was Hannah, daughter of Deacon Theophilus Frary (1666).

Robert Ware (1644), a husbandman, of Dedham, of that part now Wrentham, in
1643, was admitted to be a freeman in 1647, ^nd was received into the church at
Dedham, "2* 8™, 1646." He was highway surveyor in 1656 and 1658. He married,
(i) "ii"> of the I"' mo. 1645," Margaret Hunting, of Dedham, and (2) "3, 3, 1676,"
Hannah Jones. In his will, dated Feb 25, 1698-9, his great age is spoken of. He died
in 1699, his will being proved May 11 of that year. In his will he mentions his wife,
Hannah. She died April 20, 1721, aged eighty-four years.

His son, Robert, served in December, 1675, under Capt. Moseley (1672), in King
Philip's War.

Joshua Tedd (1644). Authorities: Froth- Robert Ware (1644). Authorities: New

ingham's Hist, of Charlestown; Wyman's Charles- Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1852; Dedham Records,

town Genealogies and Estates; Savage's Gen. Diet.; ' Kurd's Hist, of Esse.x Co., Vol. I., p. 570.
Report of Boston Rec. Com., Vol. III.

146 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1644-S

Thomas Wells (1644), of Ipswich, perhaps a physician, came in the "Susan and
Ellen " from J.ondon, with young Richard Saltonstall. The town of Wells, Me.,
received its name from this family. Mr. Wells (1644) was made a freeman May 17,
1637. He left a good estate, including lands in Wells, (now) Me. He was a deacon
of the Ipswich church, made his will July 3, 1666, and died on the 26th of October of
that year, aged sixty-six years. He was ensign of the Artillery Company in 1644.

Hugh Williams (1644), a hatter, of Boston, was called "a single man" when he
joined the First Church, Jan. i, 1642. He became a freeman May 18 of the same year.
Mr. Savage, in his Genealogical Dictionary, says, " Probably never married, at least his
will of Oct. 21, 1674, mentions no wife or children." He was clerk of the market, 1655.

Mr. Williams (1644) was the employer of Nathaniel Newgate (1646) when the latter
was engaged to drum for the Military Company and the town. Arthur Perry (1638) was
Mr. Newgate's (1646) instructor. Mr. Williams (1644) probably moved to Block Island,
as his executors, Nov. 12, 1674, call him "late of Block Island."

Nathaniel Williams (1644), called "a laborer," was a glover, of Boston. He was
admitted to the First Church May 26, 1639, and became a freeman May 13 following.
He was held in good esteem, had a fair estate, and died April 23, 1661.1 He was second
sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1654, and held the position of lieutenant in the
militia. His son, Capt. Nathaniel Williams, joined the Artillery Company in 1667, and
held the ofifice of commissary during King Philip's War. Nathaniel, Sr. (1644), was
clerk of the market in 165 1, constable, 1656-7, and selectman from 1659 to his decease.
His daughter, Ruth, married Joseph Belknap (1658) . The Records of Boston's Selectmen
state, "29, 2, 1661, . . . Peter Oliver [1643] is chosen sealer of weights and measures
in ye place of Nat. Williams [1644] deceased."

Robert Williams (1644), a husbandman, of Roxbury in 1637, became a freeman
May 2, 1638. He came from Norwich, England, "and is the common ancestor of the
divines, civilians, and warriors of this name, who have honored the country of their birth."
Among his distinguished descendants are Col. Ephraim WiUiams, founder of Williams
College ; Rev. Elisha, president of Yale College ; William, Governor of Connecticut, and
a signer of the Declaration of Independence ; Col. Joseph, of Roxbury, and Rev. Eleazer,
he " lost Bourbon."

Thomas Wells (1644). Authorities: Sav- his guild, and was also searcher and sealer of leather

age's Gen. Diet.; New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., for the city.
1848, p. 175; 1850, p. II. "Two years later (April S, 1637), he was ex-

Hugh Williams (1644). Authorities: Sav- amined, according to royal act, and received pcr-

age's Gen. Diet.; Caulkins's Hist, of New London. mission to emigrate, and, on April 15, 1637, he

Nathaniel Williams (1644). Authorities: embarked with wife, Elizabeth .Stalham, four chil-

S.-ivage's Gen. Diet..; Boston Records. dren, and two 'servants,' on the 'Rose.' of Var-

Bobert Williams (1644). Authorities: Sav- mouth, and reached Boston June 20, 1637. He

age'sGen. Diet.; Drake's Hist, of Roxbury, pp. 115, settled at Roxbury, Mass., and, after holding many

116; New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1880, p. 69. town offices, died there Sept. 1, 1693, aged eighty-live.

" Robert Williams, of Ro.xbury, eldest son of " During the fifty years from 1680 to 1730, the
Stephen and Margaret (Cooke) Williams, of St. descendants of Robert Williams are among the fore-
Nicholas Parish, Great Yarmouth, England, baptized most in the ministry, and the Primate of the Protes-
there Dec. II, 1608. In 1623, he left his father's tant Episcopal Church of this country, the venerable
house and went to Norwich, where, as a ' forrener,' Rt. Rev. John Williams, of Connecticut, is in the
he was apprenticed to John Garrett, 'cordynar,' for seventh generation from Robert Williams [1644]."
seven years. On the expiration of his apprentice- — MS.of E. //. IViiliams, Jr., BcthUlum, Pa.
ship, he was admitted freeman of the city of Nor- ' " [He] Died 23<t of 2 mo., 1661." — Diary of
wich, and, five years later, was elected warden of Joliii Hull,

1644-5] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 1 47

The homestead of Robert Williams (1644), in which five generations of the family
lived and died, remained standing until 1794, upon the site now occupied by the large
brick dwelling-house on Dearborn Street, near the school-house. This mansion, built
by Dr. Thomas Williams, a descendant of Robert, was the family residence until the
death of his son, " Lawyer Tom," in 1823. This old family seat formed a part of quite
a large estate, extending easterly from what is now Albany Street, on both sides of Eustis
Street, as far as Magazine Street.

Mr. Williams (1644) was for some time clerk of the town of Roxbury, and received
two acres of land near Dorchester Brook for his services. Mr. Drake says that Robert
(1644) subsequently petitioned the town to take it back, as it occasioned him "too
much worldly care."

Robert Williams (1644) married (2), Nov. 3, 1675, Margaret Fearing, widow, of
Hingham. He died Sept. i, 1693, aged eighty-five years.

Deane Winthrop (1644), of Boston, was the sixth son of Gov. John Winthrop, of
Massachusetts. He was born at Groton Manor, England, March 16, 1623, and was
left there at school by his father, but came over in the "Abigail " in 1635, at the age of
twelve years, with his brother, John. His name was derived from Sir John Deane,
half-brother of his mother. He was early engaged with his uncle Downing in projecting
a new settlement on the Nashua River below Lancaster, and lying on the Merrimack.
It was created a new town in 1655, and was named Groton in honor of the town of his
birth, Groton, England. He was appointed the first selectman of the new town. In
1656, he was granted a thousand acres of land by the General Court. In 1653, Mr.
Winthrop (1644) petitioned the General Court to be "freed from trayning." The
request was "left to the descretion of his captayne." His residence, however, was
always at Pulling Point, in the harbor of Boston, and the place has recently been erected
into a corporate town by the name of Winthrop. He was admitted to be a freeman in
1665, and died March 16, 1704. He married Sarah, daughter of Rev. Jose Glover, and
sister of the wife of his brother, Adam (1642). His daughter, Mercy, married Atherton
Hough (1643).

Several of his letters may be read in the Winthrop Papers, and a picture of his
house at Pulling Point may be seen in Memorial History of Boston, Vol. I., p. 447.

John Woodbridge (1644), ol Newbury, was a son of Rev. John Woodbridge, of
Stanton, England. He was born in 1613, had been bred at Oxford, Mather says, but
on the requirement of the oath of uniformity he left the university, and was brought by
his uncle. Rev. Thomas Parker, of Newbury, in the "Mary and John," in 1634, to
America. John (1644) was one of the first planters of Newbury, Mass. He seems to

Deane Winthrop (1644). Authorities : Sav- Point by his son ami three daughters. Bearers:

age's Gen. Diet.; New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., Russell, Cooke: Hutchinson, Sewall : Townsend,

1882, p. 26. Paige. From the Hottse of Hasey: Scutcheons on

"March 16, 1703-4. Mr. Dean Winthrop, of the Pall. I help'd to lower the Corps into the

PuUing Point, dies upon his birthday, just about the Grave. Madam Paige went in her Coach. Maj. Gen.

Breaking of it. He was Taken at eight a'clock the and Capt Adam Winthrop had scarvs and led the

evening before, as he sat in his chair, sunk first, widow. Veiy pleasant day; Went by Winisemet."

being set up, he vomited, complain'd of his head, — Si-imU Papi-rs, I'o/. II., f. 96.
which were almost his last words. Hardly spake John Woodbridge (1644). Authorities:

anything after his being in bed. 81 years old. Pie Coffin's Hist, of Newlmry; Whitman's Hist. A. and

is the last of Gov. Winthrops children, — stations H. A. Company; Savage's Gen. Diet.
novissimus exit. March 20, is buried at Pulling

148 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1645-6

have had httle tendency to preach, for in 1637, when his father died in England, a
successor was immediately appointed to the vacancy, and he was made "surveyor of
the arms," and representative to the General Court. He was living in Newbury in
November, 1642, when his father-in-law stirred him up to seek advancement as a
minister.

In 1644, he taught school in Boston, and married Mercy, daughter of Gov. Thomas
Dudley. Oct. 24, 1645, he was ordained at Andover the first pastor of the church
there, but went to England in 1647. He remained there sixteen years, being engaged
in important matters of the state, preaching at Andover and teaching at Newbury,
whence, Mather says, the Bartholomew Act excluded him. On the 27th of July, 1663,
he arrived at Boston in the ship "Society," and for two years assisted in the minis-
trations of his uncle, Parker. After two or three years, a controversy occurred in the
church and he was dismissed, when practically he retired from the ministry. In 1683,
he was chosen an assistant, and he acted as a magistrate until his death, March 17, 169*5.
• To a person of his surname is to be attributed the origin of paper money, — Hutch-
inson says his name was Woodbridge, a New England man, and calls him " the pro-
jector," — about 1690.

Rev. John Norton, of Boston, delivered the Artillery sermon in June, 1644. The
Records of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay in New England (1644), Vol. II., p. 71,
say, " It is ordered the printer shall have leave to print the election sermon, with Mr.
Mather's consent, and the artillery sermon, with Mr. Norton's consent."

Rev. John Norton was born at Starford, England, May 6, 1606, educated at the
University of Cambridge, England, and came to America with Gov. Winslow, in 1635.
He was ordained at Ipswich in 1636, and settled with the church there. July 23, 1656,
he succeeded Rev. John Cotton, deceased, as pastor of the First Church in Boston.
He died April 5, 1663.

^ ^ The officers elected were: Robert Sedgwick (1637), captain;

J Q^ C"Q^ Thomas Savage (1637), lieutenant, and Humfrey Atherton (1638),
*^ ensign. Francis Norton (1643) was first sergeant; Eleazer Lusher

(1638), second sergeant; Thomas Clarke (1644)', third sergeant; William Davis
(1643), fourth sergeant; Robert Scott (1638), clerk; John Audlin (1638), armorer,
and Arthur Perry (1638), drummer.

The Company again honored two of its founders by the re-election of Robert
Sedgwick (1637) as captain and Thomas Savage (1637) as lieutenant. Sergt. Humfrey
Atherton (1638) was promoted to the rank of ensign.

The theocratic form of government established in Massachusetts was not universally
popular, and a desire was manifested to have churches established in accordance with
the Presbyterian creed, which had then been adopted by the British Parliament as the
established church of England. Those who entertained this view refused to acknowl-
edge the supremacy of the independent church established in Massachusetts, and were
therefore " excluded from civil and military employments and from the franchise."

Rev. John Norton. Authorities: Mather's New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1880, p. 89.
Magnalia, Vol. I., p. 2S6; Eliot's Biographical Diet.;

1645-6] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 149

The new members recruited in 1645-6 were : John Bowles, Daniel Gookin, Robert
Hinsdale, John Hutchinson, Isaac Johnson, Daniel Kilhen, Clement Koldom, Thomas
Lothrop, William Lyon, Henry Parkes, Thomas Rashley, Joshua Scottow, Elias Stileman,
Israel Stoughton, Thomas Venner, William \\'ale.

John Bowles (1645), of Roxbury in 1639, became a freeman May 13, 1640. He
was a member of the church at Roxbury, of which Rev. John Eliot was pastor, and
"4 mo. 6. d. 1675 " he was elected a ruling elder of the church. He was the founder,
of a grammar school, a member of the General Court in 1645, and died in Roxbury
Sept. 21, 1680.'

Elder Bowles was a leading member of the Massachusetts company for colonizing
New England, and was a warm friend of the apostle liliot, who said of him, " Prudent
and gracious men set over our churches for the assistance of their pastors, such helps
in government had he [Eliot] been blessed withal, the best of which was the well-
deserving Elder Bowles [1645]. God helps him to do great things among us." The
family of John Bowles (1645) was promment in town affairs for nearly a century.

John Bowles (1645) married (i) Dorothy, who died Nov. 3, 1649; (2) April 2,
1650, Elizabeth, a daughter of Elder Isaac Heath, who died July 6, 1655, and (3)
Sarah, widovv of Francis Chickering (1643), who died May 23, 1687.

Sergt. John Bowles (1645) was confirmed as ensign of the Roxbury company
Sept. 9, 1653. He was one of the petitioners to the General Court, Oct. 25, 1664,
when there was a constant struggle for colonial rights under the charter, requesting the
honored court to " stand fast in our present liberty's," and assuring the members that
they will pray the Lord to " assist them to stere right in these shaking times."

Daniel Gookin (1645), of Cambridge, emigrated with his father from the County
of Kent, England, to Virginia in 162 1, whence, in consequence of religious persecutions,
or flying from the Indian massacre, he came to New England May 20, 1644. On the
Sunday following, he was admitted a member of the First Church, and May 29 of the
same year was admitted a freeman. In both records he is called " Captain." He
resided in Boston and Roxbury a short time, but in 1647 removed to Cambridge, where
he resided until his decease. In Mather's Magnalia, he is regarded as one of the converts
of Thompson, — a missionary from New England to Virginia in 1642.

" Gookin was one of them : by Thompson's pains,
Christ and New England, a dear Gookin gains."

He was dismissed by the Boston church to the church at Cambridge, Sept. 3, 1648.
He married for his second wife Hannah, widow of Habijah Savage (1665) and daughter

John Bowles (1645). Authokities : Savage's " March 19, Satterday, about 5 or 6 in the morn,

Gen. Diet. ; Drake's Hist, of Roxbury; Records of Maj Daniel Gookin dies, a right good Man." —

Mass. Bay; New Eng. Hisl. and Gen. Reg , 1S4S, Scioall Papers, Vol. I., p. 170.
pp. 192-3; 1S52, p. 372; Copp's Hill Burial-Ground, He was buried Tuesday, March 22.

by Bridgman, p. 206. '"M 7 day 21. 16S0 Iieloved Elder Bowles

Daniel Gookin (1645). Authorities: New deceased having bene Elder of the church 5 years

Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1S47, 1848, 1849, 1S77, & 3 months he was killed by a cart wheele running

1879; Eliot's Gen. Diet.; Hurd's Hist, of Middle- over his body.

sex Co.; Paige's Hist, of Cambridge; .Savage's Edi- "M 7 day 24. Deare Bro. Bowles was buried,

tion of Winthrop's Hist, of New Eng. ; Records of he hath bene Elder above 5 yeare." — Ro.xhiiiv

Mass. Bay. aninh KiConh, by Rev. John Eliot.

" [1686-7] March 18. . . . I go to Charlestown In the inventory of his estate, Nov. 10, 16S0,
Lecture, and then with Capt Hutchinson to see Suffolk Probate Records, \'ol. IX., folio 2, are in-
dying Major Gookin. He speaks to us. eluded "Armes and Ammunition."

150- HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1645-6

of Edward Tyng (1642). Capt. Gookin (1645) for about forty years was one of the
most active and useful citizens of Cambridge. He was licenser of the printing-press in
in 1663; selectman from 1660 to 1672; representative, 1649 and 1 651, being speaker
the latter year; an assistant from 1652 to 1686, excepting 1676, in which the prejudice
against the Praying Indians, whom he befriended, prevented his election.

He succeeded William Spencer (1637) as lieutenant of the Cambridge train-band,
and on Capt. George Cooke's (1638) departure to England was elected captain, being
'afterward promoted to be sergeant-major of the Middlesex Regiment. He commanded
the first regiment of Middlesex on the division in 1680, and May 11, 16S1, succeeded
Gov. Leverett (1639) as sergeant-major-general, being the last person elected to that
office under the old charter. He was described by Johnson as a " Kentish souldier,"
"a very forward man to advance martial discipline and withal the truths of Christ." In
1676, when major, he was very active in raising and furnishing troops for King Philip's
War.

" He was trusted by Oliver Cromwell as a confidential agent, and was selected by
him to assist in executing his favorite project of transplanting a colony from New
England to Jamaica. He visited England twice, partly at least on public service. On
his last return to this country, the two regicides, Goffe and Whalley, were his fellow-
passengers, and accompanied him to Cambridge, where they arrived in July, 1660. He
was therefore denounced by Randolph as their friend and protector. In the troublesome
contest which commenced soon afterwards, upon the. restoration of Charles II., Major
Gookin [1645] was among the foremost defenders of the chartered rights of the colonists.
He was as resolute in the maintenance of religious as of civil privileges, and when the
Quakers disturbed the peace of the church, he was among the sternest of their judges."
He was an intimate friend of Rev. John Eliot, the apostle to the Indians, and for
many years acted as a general superintendent of Indian affairs, visiting their villages,
holding courts among them, and endeavoring to provide for their welfare. " His reputa-
tion," says Savage, " in the present age stands justly higher than it did during a part of
his life, when his benevolent attempts to serve and save the Indians were misinterpreted,
much obloquy was uttered against him, and he said on the bench of justice, that he was
afraid for his Hfe in walking the streets."

He resided in Cambridge, on what is generally called the Winthrop estate, on the
southerly side of Arrow Street, near the easterly angle of Bow Street. He died March
19, 16S6-7, aged seventy-five years.

Mr. Whitman (1810) seems to estimate him very justly. Major-Gen. Gookin
(1645) "was in disposition lively and active, which, united with generosity, prompted
him to noble actions. Although somewhat tinctured with party spirit, both in religion
and politics, yet he was a firm, dignified republican, and prized religious freedom as
invaluable. As a magistrate, he held the sword of justice with effect, to protect the rights
of his brethren ; and as a soldier, was ever ready to wield the same sword against the
enemies of his country. Piety and morality shone conspicuous in his character ; he had
firmness in a just cause to stem the torrent of popular invective, and convince his
opponents of the wisdom and integrity of his conduct."

Robert Hinsdale (1645), of Dedham, was one of the founders of the church in that
town, Nov. 8, 1638, and became a freeman March 13, 1639. He was among the first
Robert Hinsdale (1645). Authorities: Tilden's Hist, of Medfield; Dedham Records.

"^45-6] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 151

thirteen who took up house-lots at Medfield, and his homestead was upon North Street.
He built his house there in 1652. In 1659, he purchased a bell and "brought it up for
the use of the town." Soon after, the town granted him forty-six acres of land near what
is now Collins' Mill, in Millis. He built a mill there, which, it is believed, was burned
by the Indians in 1676. He was active in organizing the Medfield church, was one of
the first board of selectmen in that town, and held the office six years.

He removed from Medfield to Hadley, and thence to Deerfield. He was harvesting
in the cornfield, when he and three of his sons were killed by the Indians, at the same
time, Sept. 18, 1675, when Capt. I^othrop (1645), with the " Flower of Essex," fell at
Bloody Brook.

John Hutchinson (1645) has not been positively identified. There were then two
families of Hutchinsons in the colony. John, of the Salem family, was not born until
1643. John Hutchinson, of Alford, England, was born May 18, 1598. He married,
Oct. I, 16 1 S, Elizabeth Woodthrope. He probably married a second wife. His last
child, born in P'ngland, was born Feb. 4, 1641-2. Rev. John Wheelwright was his
brother-in-law. William, Samuel (1652), Richard, and Edward Hutchinson, Sr., were
his brothers, and Edward (1638) his nephew, all of Boston. Whether he followed his
relatives to America is a matter of uncertainty.'

Isaac Johnson (1645), of Roxbury, was the eldest son of Capt. John Johnson
(1638), of Roxbury. Capt. John (1638) came in the fleet with Winthrop, bringing his
wife and sons, Isaac and Humfrey. Isaac was admitted to be a freeman March 4, 1635,
and became a member of the Roxbury church. He married, Jan. 30, 1637, Elizabeth
Porter, of Roxbury, who died Aug. 13, 1683. He was ensign of the company in Rox-
bury previous to 1653; on June 13 of that year was elected captain, and represented
that town in the General Court in 1671. He was lieutenant of the Artillery Company in
1666, and its captain in 1667. On July 6, 1675, a body of fifty-two Praying Indians,
Rev. John Eliot's converts, marched from Boston for Mount Hope under the intrepid
Capt. Isaac Johnson (1645), of Roxbury, who afterwards certified that the most of them
acquitted themselves courageously and faithfully. He, with five other captains, was
killed while storming the Narraganset stronghold, when that fierce tribe was destroyed at
the famous Fort fight, Dec. 19, 1675.

Daniel Kilhen (1645) should probably be Daniel Kilham (1645), whom Mr. Savage
locates in Wenhara, Mass.

Clement Koldom, or Coldam (1645), of Lynn in 1630, was a miller, born in 1622,
and died April 8, 1675. He took oath, May 26, 1661, that he had known William
Longley at Lynn for twenty-three years. " His recollection of matters pertaining to
[Lynn's] very early days," says Mr. Newhall, of that city, "seems to have been much
relied on in after years, his testimony having great weight in several important lawsuits.
Not much is known of his military achievements."

Isaac Johnson (■1645"). Authorities: Sav- Clement Koldom (1645). Authorities:

age's Gen. Diet.; Drake's Hist, of Roxbury; Rec- Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A. Company; Savage's

ords of Mass. Bay; New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., Gen. Diet.
1885, p. 74. ' New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1S47, 1S65.

152

HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1645-6

Thomas Lothrop (1645), of that part of Salem now Beverly, became a freeman
May 14, 1634; was lieutenant of the Salem train-band in 1644, under Capt. Hathorne,
and succeeded him in command in 1645. He represented Salem in the House of
Deputies in 1647, 1653, and 1664. In 1654, a colonial force proceeded to Acadia and
captured Port Royal and St. John. Capt. Thomas Lothrop (1645) was a captain under
Gen. Sedgwick (1637) in that expedition. He brought home a bell, taken from a
church in St. John, for the use of the people at Cape Ann Side (Beverly). In 1662,
he took command of the military company at Cape Ann Side. He was one of the
founders of the church there, in 1667, and represented the town in the Legislature
for four years. He was active in military matters, and served as captain for years.
He held that ofifice in King Philip's War, and, with about seventy of his men, was slain
at Bloody Brook, Sept. 18, 1675. Increase Mather calls him "a godly courageous
commander."

He married Bethia Rea, of Salem, but left no children. His property was inherited
by his sister, Ellen, the second wife of Ezekiel Cheever, the famous school-master.

William Lyon (1645), of Roxbury, came to America in 1635, aged fourteen years,
in the "Hopewell," and became a freeman in i656. He, with John Bowles (1645) and
others, signed the Roxbury petition, Oct. 25, 1664, to the General Court, praying it to
" stand fast in our present liberty's." Bellevue Street, in Roxbury, was formerly Lyon
Street, in honor of this early settler, on which stood the old homestead. He died
May 21, 1692.

Henry Parkes (1645).

Thomas Rashley (1645), of Boston, was admitted to the First Church March 8,
1640, and is called "a studyent " The next year he was in Gloucester for a short time
as a preacher. His child, John, "being about six weeks old," was baptized at Boston
May 18, 1645. He was settled in Exeter in 1646. Soon after, he returned to England,
and was minister at Bishop Stoke, where. May 4, 1652, he baptized Samuel Sewall
(1679), first of that name, chief-justice of Massachusetts. Rev. Thomas Rashley (1645)
was afterward settled in Wiltshire, England.

Joshua Scottow (1645), of Boston, " chirurgeon," came to America with his
widowed mother, and he joined the First Church May 19, 1639. He never took the
oath of a freeman, but was appointed by the General Court, in 1645, a commissioner
for regulating the exportation of powder. He was clerk of the Artillery Company in
1650 and 165 1, and its ensign in 1657. Capt. Scottow (1645) was one of the founders
of the Old South Church in May, 1669. His garden, consisting of about one half an
acre of land, and his house were situated on Sudbury Street. He owned several other
pieces of real estate in the town. He was a selectman of Boston from 1657 to 1667

Thomas Lothrop (1645). Authorities: Joshua Scottow (1645). Authorities: New

Felt's Annals of Salem, Vol. II., p. 504; Bodge's Eng. Hist, and Gen, Reg,, 1S51, 18S9; Savage's
King Philip's War. Gen. Diet.; Boston Records; Memoir of Joshua

William Lyon ('1645). Authorities: Re- Scottow, by Hamilton A. Hill; Hill's Hist, of c)ld
port of Boston Rec. Com., Vol. VI.; Drake's Hist. South Church,
of Roxbury.

Thomas Rashley (1645). Authority: Sav-
age's Gen. Diet.

'645-6] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 1 53

inclusive. Of his daughters, Elizabeth married Lieut. -Col. Thomas Savage (1665),
Lydia married (i) Benjamin Gibbs (1666) and (2) Anthony Checkley (1662), and
Mary married Samuel Checkley (1678).

Joshua Scottow (1645) was a captain in the militia, the confidential agent of
La Tour in transactions with the colonial government, 1654-7, and after King Philip's
War had a large property at Scarborough, (now) Me. He was captain of the garrison
there, and held the office of magistrate. From Oct. 25, 1675, to May, 1676, he was
actively engaged in the Indian war, and his journal in manuscript, covering that period,
is in the library of the Massachusetts Historical Society.

In 1681, he was cruelly charged with the murder of a Mr. Bedford, who was proved
to be accidentally drowned.' He was the author of two curious tracts concerning the
early history of New England, which were published in Boston in 1691 and 1694.2 He
was an original, thoughtful, liberal man, a friend of the murdered Mrs. Hibbens. He
died Jan. 20, 1698, aged eighty-three years — so his gravestone relates, which was
transferred from the burying-ground to the inside of the tower of the "Old South," ^
and thence to the New Old South meeting-house.

Judge Sewall (1679) records: "Jan. 21 [1697-8]. It seems Capt Scottow died
the last night. Thus in New England men drop away. Jan 22 [1697-8] Joshua
Scottow is buried in the old burying place. E.xtream cold. No minister at funeral •
no wife nor daughter."

Elias Stileman (1645), of Salem, son of Elias, perhaps came in the fleet with
Higginson in 1629. Elias (1645) was then twelve years of age. He was admitted to
the Salem church Aug. 18, 1639, and became a freeman May 18, 1642. He removed
about 1659 to Portsmouth, and represented that town in the House of Deputies for six
years, 1667-72. He was authorized by the General Court to hold court in Dover and
Portsmouth in 1667, and in York County in 1668; was a counsellor under President
Cutt in 1680; a captain, then a major in the militia; representative again in 1690;
secretary of New Hampshire, and died Dec. 19, 1695, aged seventy-eight years. His
residence was for some years at Great Island, now Newcastle, N. H.

Israel Stoughton (1645), of Dorchester, eldest son of Lieut.-Col. Israel Stoughton
(1637), was born in England. Mr. Savage adds, "There is no more mention of him,
and he died before May, 1665." When admitted to the Artillery Company he was
called "Mr. Israel Stoughton," and his surety was Lieut. Savage (1637).

In the Records of the First Church in Roxbury, Mass., written by Rev. John Eliot,
is found the following entry: "1647. This spring we of Roxbury w"' some of Dor-

Elias Stileman (1645). AuxHORlTrES : .Sav- Three years later, he published A Narrative of

age's Gen. Diet.; Records of Mass. Bay. the Planting of the Massachusetts Colony.

' Maine Hist. Coll., HL '■> "A Venerable Relic in a Curious I'lace. — As

^ "Mr. Scottow [1645] was a merchant of the workmen engaged in repairing the Old South

much respectability, nearly contemporary with the Church were removing some bricks in the tower of

Governor [Bradslreetl, and, during his early life, that cdilice, on Monday morning, it became ncces-

took an active interest in all the affairs of the town. sary to take out a flat stone over the place in the

But he grew despondent as he grew in years; the wall through which the connecting-rod of the hands

change of dress, manners, and social customs, from of the north dial of the clock passed. This stone

those of the first generation, seemed to him the sure proved to be a finely-chiselled gravestone, bearing

presage of destruction, and he poured out his sorrow the name of Joshua Scottow, who die<l Jan. 20,

in a book of lamentations called Old Mens' Tears 1697-S." — Boston Atlas, Oetobcr, 1S50.
for their own Declensions." — Quoted in Hist. Cat.
of Old South Church, 1883.

154

HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1646-7

Chester ventured to sea in a small vessell but the master wanted sufficient experience
& the vessel overmasted & was over-sett, & many weeks after came whole allmost,
ashore to shew the error of men to goe to sea so rawly : many \v cast away in her,
m"' Stoughton's eldest sonne [1645], M' Howards Eldest sonne w"' many others."

He is called Mrs. Stoughton's son because Lieut.-Col. Stoughton {1637), his father,
had died two years before, in England.

Thomas Venner (1645), ^ wine cooper, of Salem, was admitted to the church
Feb. 25, 163S, and the next month became a freeman. Mr. Felt, in the Annals of
Salem, says, under date of Junej 1641, "Thomas Venner [1645] at the head of a com-
pany, is zealous for emigrating to Providence, W. I., and strengthening a church there."
He moved to Boston prior to January, 1645, at which time his daughter Hannah was
born. She was baptized in the First Church, Feb. 2, 1644-5, and her father is called

" Venner member of Ch at Salem." He was in Boston in 1649-50 also, as

recorded in the Boston Records. In 1650, " loth of first mo.," "Mr. Venner and the
neighbors there about had libertie to dig a Well and Set a Pumpe therein, nere the
Shop of William Davis [1643]." Mr. Venner's (1645) place was on the water's edge,
near State Street, on wharf property owned by Edward Tyng (1642), whose brewery
probably received its barrels from the cooper shop of Mr. Venner (1645). ^^ 1648,
he was one of seven who asked the government to make a corporation of coopers.

He returned to London in October, 1651, and followed his trade of a cooper until
about 1657, when he became a preacher to a sect of enthusiasts called Fifth Monarchy
Men. After the Restoration in 1660, he attempted to renew the anarchy; ''to bring in
the kingdom of Jesus Christ and to drive out Charles Stuart.'-' He, with a small number
of followers, variously estimated at from fifty to five hundred, raised an insurrection in
the streets of London. The Lord Mayor marched at the head of forty thousand muni-
cipal troops and volunteers to quell the disturbance ; but, failing to find Mr. Venner
(1645) and his disciples, who had retreated to Caen Wood, the army pulled down the
meeting-house. It is said that Venner's "rogues" "put the King's life-guard to the
run," and " spread consternation through the entire collection of train-bands." Finally,
the insurrection was suppressed, the fanatics were captured, the formality of a trial was
granted them, and Mr. Venner (1645) and twelve of his associates, who declared
themselves invulnerable, were executed in January, 1661.

William Wale (1645).

^ , The officers elected were : Edward Gibbons (1637), captain ; Hum-

J Q^Q"'/'^ frey Atherton (1638), lieutenant; Eleazer Lusher (1638), ensign;
' ' Thomas French (1638), first sergeant; Richard Sprague (163S), second
sergeant ; James Oliver (1640), third sergeant ; William Hudson (1640), fourth sergeant;
Anthony Stoddard (1639), clerk; John Audlin (1638), armorer, and Arthur Perry
(1638), drummer.

Thomas Venner (1645). Autuoritiks: Pal- Charles E. Banks, of rortlanci. Me.
frey's Hist, nf New Eng. ; Diary of John Hull, pp. " He was hung, drawn, anil quartered in Lon-

200,201; See New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., I S93, don, 1661, as a Fifth Monarchy Man." — /-'i/ZV

illustrated article on Thomas Venner, the lioston Anuah of Salem, Vol. /., /. 173.
Wine Cooper and Fifth Monarchy Man, by Dr.

'646-7] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 1 55

The popularity and efficiency of Sergt. -Major Gibbons (1637) were shown by his
election for the third time as commander, while Ensign Humfrey Atherton (1638) was
promoted to the rank of lieutenant. Major Lusher (1638), of Dedham, who was elected
ensign, was one of the few " husbandmen " who have belonged to the Company. He
was known as the "nimble-footed captain," and Mr. Johnson (1637) says, " He was
one of a nimble and active spirit, strongly affected in the ways of truth — one of the
right stamp, and pure metal, a gracious, humble and heavenly minded man."

The North Battery, " att Walter Merry's Point," was commenced in 1646. Edward
Johnson (1637) speaks of it as " a very strong battery, built of whole timber and filled
with earth." It is now Battery Wharf.

In 1646, a number of those inclined to the Presbyterian faith, among them Thomas
Fowle (1639), David Yale (1640), Dr. Robert Child (1639), Samuel Maverick (1658),
and John Smith (1644), presented a petition to the General Court, in which they com-
pliment the government for its " eminent gifts, continual care, and constant vigilance."
There could be no question as to their " care and vigilance." The petitioners asked
permission to publicly worship God according to the dictates of their own consciences.

This unexpected movement produced the greatest excitement, and the petitioners
were at once cited to appear in person before the General Court. They were charged
with " contemptuous and seditious expressions, and were required to find sureties for
their good behaviour." The case came before an adjourned session of the General Court
for final settlement, when the petitioners, having been convicted of violating " the rule
of the apostle," which is, " to study to be quiet and to meddle with your own business " ;
and having been reminded of " that sin of Korah, and of the near resemblance between
theirs and that," were fined respectively in sums varying from thirty to fifty pounds.

These petitioners then determined to appeal to Parliament, and Dr. Child (1639), one
of their number, who had been engaged for some time in studying the mineral wealth of
Massachusetts, was appointed to go at once to England and prosecute their appeal there.
This, however, coming to the knowledge of the authorities, they arrested the doctor, took
from him his papers, and kept him in confinement for two or three days until the ships
were gone. Mr. Winthrop complains, with much sadness, that, on this occasion. Dr.
Child (1639), "a man of quality, a gentleman and a scholar," as he terms him, mani-
fested a somewhat undue amount of passion, and "gave big words."

Two other persons, in the meantime, — Mr. Vassall and Mr. Fowle (1639), —
.managed to slip away, with the obnoxious papers in their possession, and embarked for
England. Just before they sailed, Mr, Cotton delivered a Thursday lecture, in which he
took occasion to inveigh against the enormous wickedness that must possess the man
who would dare to go abroad on such an errand, and warned such of his hearers as
might be about to cross the sea, against the perils they might expect to encounter if
these seditious documents should happen to be on board the ship ; adding that they
would prove to be a Jonas to the voyage. "A storm did arise," says Mr. Blake in his
History of Boston, " and a certain woman on board, who had heard Mr. Cotton's sermon,
ran about the ship in much consternation," anxious to find out if there was a Jonas on
board. "She gave Mr. Vassal a call at midnight. He asked her why she came to him.
Because, she said, it was thought he had some writings against the people of God. He
told her that he had only a petition to Parliament, merely praying that they might enjoy
the liberty of English subjects." She next paid Mr. Fowle (1639) a visit. He told her
he had a copy of the petition which himself and others had presented to the court at

156 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1646-7

Boston ; and said that, if she and others judged that to be the cause of the storm, they
might have it, and do what they would with it. She took the paper to her companions,
who, after consultation, decided that it should be cast overboard. It was not observed,
however, that the giving of the document to the sea was followed by any favorable change
in the weather, although, after a perilous passage, she reached the shores of England in
safety, where Messrs. Vassall and Fowle (1639) published the genuine papers with which
they were charged, under the title, " New England's Jonas Cast Up in London."

The new members recruited in 1646-7 were: George Barber, William Blake,
Edmund Bowker, John Capen, Roger Clap, William Clark, Hugh Gunnison, Richard
Harding, Richard Harrison, Edmund Jackson, Nathaniel Newgate, William Parsons,
Brian Pendleton, Edward Preston, John Ruggles, John Shaw, Richard Whittington.

George Barber (1646), of Dedham, was born in England about 1615. He came
to America in the "Transport" in 1635. He became a townsman in Dedham in 1640,
took the freeman's oath in 1647, and soon after settled in what is now Medfield. In
November, 1641, he contracted with the selectmen of Medfield to build a mill, " for the
supply of the town," which he did on Mill Brook,- near where Elm Street crosses it.
The ne.xt year he sold the mill to Henry Adams (1652). Oct. 26, 1652, the General
Court ordered that the town of " Medfield, being not capable of choosing commissioned
officers, the Court doth grant that George Barber [1646] whom they have chosen as
eldest sergeant, shall carry on the military exercise there." He was promoted to be
captain of the foot company prior to 1678. In 1663, he "beat the drum," and received
from the town therefor four bushels and three pecks of corn.

He served ten years on the board of selectmen of Medfield, and was a representative
from that town to the General Court nine years, viz., 1668, 1669, 1673, 1676, 1677, and
1679 to 1682. He married, (i) Nov. 24, 1642, Elizabeth Clark, who died in 1683;
and (2) Joan (Faxon), widow of Anthony Fisher (1644), of Dedham. Capt. Barber
(1646) died in 1683.

William Blake (1646), of Dorchester, came over in the " Mary and John" from
Little Baddow, Essex County, England, arriving at Nantasket May 30, 1630. He was
born in England in 1594 ; joined the church at Dorchester in 1636 ; was granted land in
1637 ; admitted to be a freeman March 14, 163S-9, and was a selectman in 1645, 1647, and
1651. In 1636, he went with Pynchon to Springfield, but remained less than a year.
He lived in that part of Dorchester which, in 1662, was incorporated as Milton. He was
the " Recorder for y" Towne, Clerk of y^' Writs for y'^ Co. of Suffolk, 1656," in which
office he continued until his death. He was a very useful and prominent citizen. He
died Oct. 25, 1663. By his will, dated Sept. 3, 1 661, he gave "Vnto y' Towne of Dor-
chester, ^20. to be bestowed for y'^ repairing of y*" Burying Place, so y' swine and other
verniine may not Anoy y' graues of y'' saints."

Edmund Bowker (1646), of Dorchester, is recorded in the History of Dorchester.
He married Mary Potter, of that town, and removed to Sudbury, where he died in
March, 1666.

George Barber (1646). Authorities: xVew Eng. Ilist. and Gen. Reg, 1858, p. 153 (will); 1S67,

Eng. Hist, and Cen. Reg., 1S4S; Records of Mass. p. 292; Hist, of IJorchestei', liy Antiq. and Hist.

Hay; Tildcn's Hist, of Medfield; Savage's Gen. Diet. Soc.; Ilurd's Hist, of Middlesex Co., Vol. HI., p.

William Blake (1646). Authorities: New 398; Teele's Hist, of Milton.

1646-7! HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 1 57

John Capen (1646), of Dorchester, only son of Bernard Capen, of Dorchester, was
born in England in 1612. He was admitted a freeman May 14, 1634 ; was a deacon of
the church in 1658; elected selectman of Dorchester for sixteen years; a representa-
tive in 1671, and from 1673 to 1678; town recorder for thirteen years, writing more in
the town records than any other man, and was fourth sergeant in the Artillery Company
in 1650. He was called lieutenant in 1674, and March 30, 1683, was elected captain of
the foot company in Dorchester. He was by trade a shoemaker, and his house is sup-
posed to have stood at the corner of Pleasant and Pond streets.

Capt. Capen (1646) married, (i) Oct. 20, 1637, Radigan Clap, who died Dec. 10,
1645 ; and, (2) Sept. 20, 1647, Mary Bass, of Braintree. He died April 6, 1692. It
was to Mr. Capen's (1646) house that Nicholas Upshall (1637) was "removed out of
prison, in 1661."

Roger Clap (1646'), of Dorchester in 1630, came in the " Mary and John " from
Plymouth, and arrived at Nantasket May 30 of that year. He was born April 6, 1609,
in Salcombe, on the coast of Devonshire, England. Roger Clap, in his Memoirs, mentions
that the passage over was made in seventy days, and the Word of God was preached and
expounded every day during the voyage. He was one of the original settlers of Dor-
chester. His autobiography is contained in his oft-published Memoirs. He was granted
land in 1633, and filled most of the important offices of the town at various times
from 1637 to 1665.

He was admitted a freeman in 1634, and was a founder of the church in Dorchester in
1630, of which he continued a member sixty years. He was lieutenant of the Dorchester
train-band in 1644, and was afterwards its captain. He was second sergeant of the
Artillery Company in 1647, and was its lieutenant in 1655. He was representative from
Dorchester in 1647, and from 1652 to 1665, — except 1658, — and in 1671; in all,
fifteen years. In 1659, the General Court granted him five hundred acres of land.

Aug. 10, 1665, immediately after the death of Capt. Davenport (1639), the General
Court appointed Capt. Clap (1646) to the command of Castle William, a position he
held until i586, when he resigned it. After the new charter, the command became a
sinecure, and was usually assigned to the lieutenant-governor. The fort was burned
March 21, 1672-3, when Capt. Clap (1646) commanded, but was immediately rebuilt.
He was of the ultra-Puritan school, and by no means tolerant of the innovations
attempted by the Antinomians and Quakers. It is said of him that his soldiers were
treated as of his own family, and none were permitted to be enlisted but pious as well
as brave men.

So greatly was he beloved by the people of Dorchester, that in the year 1676,
"when taken sick, they kept a day of fasting and prayer to beg his life of God, and,
when he recovered, a day of thanksgiving." He died Feb. 2, 1690-1, and his grave-
stone, in the chapel ground, is standing, on which his name is plainly legible. He was

John Capen (1646). Authorities: New the Castle; about nine Guns lired at his going off.

Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 184S, p. 80; 1866, p. It seems Capt. Clap is nut actually come away, but

246; Hist, of Dorchester, by Antiq. and Hist. Soc.; Capt Winthrop, and Lieut Thomas Savage did this

Records of Mass. Bay. day receive their Commissions." — Scioall Papers,

Roger Clap (1646). Authorities: King's Vol. I., p. \^^.

Chapel Burial-Ground, by Bridgman, p. 239; Hist. Capt. Clap left the Castle .Sept. 29, 1686.

of Dorchester, by Antiq. and Hist. Soc; Savage's "[1690-1] Feb. 2. This morn Capt Roger

Gen. Diet.; Records of Mass. Bay. Clap dies, about 86 years o\A." — Si-iuall Papers,

" [1686] Sept. 24. Friday. Capt Clapp leaves Vol. I., p. 340.

158 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1646-7

buried with much pomp ; the military officers — probably the Artillery Company — pre-
ceding the corpse, the Governor and General Court following the relatives as mourners,
and the guns firing at the Castle.

" In his natural temper he was of a cheerful and pleasant disposition, courteous and
kind in behaviour, free and familiar in his conversation, yet attended with proper
reservedness, and he had a gravity and presence that commanded respect."

William Clark (1646), of Dorchester, came over in the second emigration, 1635.
He was selectman in 1646, 1647, and 1650. He removed in 1659 to Northampton,
for which town he was representative in 1663, and for thirteen years afterward, but not
consecutively. He was commissioned by the General Court as lieutenant, Oct. 8, 1662,
and he held that position in active service in King Philip's War. In 1662, he was
authorized to solemnize marriages in Northampton, and in 1665 was elected an associate
judge of the Hampshire court.

Lieut. Clark (1646) died July 19, 1690, aged eighty-one years. His gravestone
still stands in the old burying-ground at Northampton.

Hugh Gunnison (1646), of Boston in 1634, was admitted to the First Church
March 22, 1635, when he is called "servant to our brother Richard Bellingham," and
became a freeman May 25, 1636. He was one of the persons disarmed in 1637, and
the same year had a grant of land at Mount Wollaston.

Feb. 28, 1642, Hugh Gunnison (1646) applied to the selectmen for permission to
keep an "Ordinary with a cook's shop," and in 1649 reference is made to his " signe
post." In 1650, Hugh Gunnison (1646) was called "a vintner." He was licensed by
the selectmen, and kept a tavern called King's Arms, on Dock Square, " facing to the
head of the Dock." He sold this tavern, with barns, brew-house, etc., and removed to
Kittery about 1652. May 18, 1653, he was licensed by the General Court to keep an
ordinary, and to sell wine and strong water. The same day the General Court appointed
him an associate commissioner in the court holden at Kittery.

He represented Wells in the General Court in 1654, and was returned as re-elected
in 1657, but for some reason he was considered by the court "vnmeete " for that trust,
and was discharged therefrom.

Richard Harding (1646) was of Boston in 1640. He is probably the Capt. Harding
mentioned several times in the Second Report of the Boston Record Commissioners.
Richard Harding's (1646) lot was that on which, in 1640, the new meeting-house for
the First Church was erected, now occupied by the Rogers Building, on Washington
Street.

Mr. Drake, in the History of Boston, p. 243, says Mr. Harding (1646) "was one
of the disarmed, went to Rhode Island and was a prominent man in that colony."

Richard Harrison (1646). On the record of 1680, this name is plainly written.
Richaril Harrison (1646) was probably a resident of New Haven, and joined the
Company while temporarily sojourning in Boston or vicinity. He died in New Haven,
Oct. 25, 1653.

William Clark (1646). Authorities: Pil- Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1880. p. 42; Records of
grinis of Boston, p. 310; Records of Mass. Bay. Mass. Bay; Boston Records, 1634-1660; Savage's

Hugh Gunnison (1646). Authorities : New Gen. Diet.

1646-7] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY.

159

Edmund Jackson (1646), of Boston in 1635, was a shoemaker, and joined the First
Church Nov. 15, 1635. He became a freeman May 25, 1636. He was chosen a sealer
of leather in 1647 and 1661, a constable in 1650, clerk of the market in 1657, and in
1673 was licensed to keep a house of public entertainment and sell beer, which was
repeatedly renewed. His will of May 2, 1675, was proved July j,8 following. He
was married three times, his second wife being Mary, daughter of Samuel Cole (1637).
His house and garden were on the corner of Hanover and Sudbury streets, where
during the provincial period, the Orange Tree Inn stood.

Nathaniel Newgate (1646), of Boston, son of John of the same, was born at South-
wark, near London Bridge, England, and came over with his parents in 1632. Nathaniel
(1646), before his marriage, returned to England. Nathaniel's (1646) eldest sister,
Elizabeth, married John Oliver (1637) ; his youngest sister, Hannah, married Simon
Lynda (1658), and his sister Sarah married Peter Oliver (1643), brother of John
Oliver (1637).

William Parsons (1646), of Boston, came, probably, in the "James" from South-
ampton, in 1635. He was a joiner by trade ; was admitted to the First Church April 20,
1644; was admitted to be a townsman Dec. 2, 1644, and became a freeman in 1645.
His house and garden were on the northeast corner of the present Water and Devonshire
streets. He died Jan. 29, 1 701-2, aged eighty-eight years.

Brian Pendleton (1646) was born in 1599, for when he was a witness in York
County Court (now in Maine), in July, 1669, he gave his age as seventy years. He
came to this country with his wife, Eleanor, and children, Mary and James. He was
admitted a freeman of the Massachusetts Colony Sept. 3, 1634. He settled in Water-
town ; was a selectman of that town in 1635, 1636, and 1637, and was representative in
1636, 1637, and 1638. In the last-named year, he, with others, set the bounds of
the town of Sudbury, and in 1640 was desired to train the company of that town.
About 1645, he returned to Watertown, and was again its representative in 1647 and
1648. March 20, 1648-9, he sold his real estate in Watertown to Robert Daniel, of
Cambridge, and the same year purchased a six-hundred-acre farm in Ipswich, where
for a time he probably resided. In 165 1, he became interested in the plantation at
Strawberry Bank (Portsmouth, N. H.), for, Oct. 23, 1651, he was appointed an associate
to hold court at that place. He represented this new plantation in the General Court in
1654, 1658, 1660, 1661, and 1663. In 1663, he was appointed commissioner to enforce
the navigation laws on the river " Piscataqua," at the Isles of Shoals, and ports adjacent.
In 1664, he was commissioned captain of a military company at Portsmouth, and in
1668 he was made major at Saco, "he to settle Blackpoint " ; and at the same time
was directed to assist in keeping the court at York.

In 1669, when New Hampshire was a royal province, it was governed by a president
and eight councillors, appointed by King Charles II Brian Pendleton (1646) was one

Edmund Jackson (1646). Authority: Sav- archy fray in London; hut slipt away in the

age's Gen. Diet. crowd." — Sam// Papers, Vol. J I., p. 52.

William Parsons (1646). AuTHORriY: Sav- Brian Pendleton (1646). Authorities: New

age's Gen. L)ict. Eng. Hist, and t'.en. Reg., 1S47, P- 53 (letter of

"[.Saturday] Jan, 31, 1701-2. William Par- Mr. remlleton); 1S49 (will); Williamson's Hist,

sons of 88 years, is buried. Was in the fifth-mon- of Maine, Vol. L, p. 686; Savage's Gen. Diet.

l6o HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1646-7

of these councillors. In 1672, he was. relieved of military command, at his own request,
and his regiment became the care of Major-Gen. John Leverett (1639).

His commission as associate for the county of York was renewed in 1675, and
again in 1676.

June 12, 167^, he purchased of John Paine, of Boston, seven hundred acres of land
in Westerly, R. I., and gave to his son James a life-interest in the same, and, at his
death, they were to be equally divided among the children of James's second wife,
Hannah.

He was possessed of a large estate, perhaps larger than that of any other person in
Portsmouth. He was described in a list of the Royalists and Puritans in Maine (sup-
posed to have been written by Edward Randolph about 1680), in the following words :
" Major Bryan Pendleton [1646], a man of Saco River, of great estate, but very precise,
independent, [is] beloved only by those of his fraternity, being both an enemy to the
King's interest and Mr. Gorges' interest, also a great ring leader of others to the utmost
of his power." A clue to Major Pendleton's (1646) American home may possibly be
furnished by the deposition of Job Tookie, made June 27, 1683, wherein he says " that his
grandfather, minister of St. Ives, Huntingdonshire, was an acquaintance of Major Pendle-
ton [1646] of Winter Harbor, then lately deceased."

Major Pendleton (1646) returned from Saco to Portsmouth in 1676, where, on the
7th of August, 1677, he made his will, and he died in 1681.

Edward Preston (1646) was probably the son of William Preston, of Dorchester.
He came over in the ship "Christian," the first ship from London, in 1635, and was
thirteen years of age. The father removed to New Haven as early as 1639, and his son
Edward is called, " of New Haven." The latter seems to have lived in both New Haven
and Boston. He was in Connecticut (not New Haven) in 1643 and 1644-5, but in 1651,
1654, and 1655, had children born in Boston. His name does not appear in the Boston
Book of Possessions, nor in the town records, except in records of births.

John Ruggles (1646), of Roxbury, born in England, came over in 1635 in the
ship " Hopewell," when he was ten years of age. The church record says, " John
[1646] was brought over a servant by Phillip Eliot." The homestead of Thomas Ruggles,
John's father, was on the south side of the First Church, and included the hill where the
lower Roxbury fort stood. The property extended from Dudley Street, beyond Cedar,
on the south, and from the Norfolk House to Centre Street, on the west. John Ruggles
(1646) was admitted a freeman in 1654, was a sergeant in the military, and died, or was
buried, Sept. 15, 1658.

John Shaw (1646), of Boston, was a butcher. "The 26:12:54 . . . Itt is this
daye ordered that there shall be a distresse leveyed upon the land the which was John
Shawes, bucher, for the Rent which is behind due to the Towne upon the Dock Caled
Bendalls Dock." ' He died July 23, 1687.

John Ruggles (1646). Authorities: Sav- His father's willis given in New Eng. Hist, and

age's Gen. Diet.; Drake's Hist, of Roxbury. Gen. Reg., 1849, p. 265; and his, in same, 1855,

"John Ruggles. he came to New Eng. in the p. 139.
yeare 1635 & soone after his coming joyned the ' Boston Town Records, Second Report, pp.

church, he brought bis first borne, John Ruggles, 122 and 153.
with him." — Roxbury Church Records.

'647-8] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. l6l

Richard Whittington, or Withington (1646), of Dorchester, son of Henry, was
born in England, came to America in 1636, and admitted to be a freeman May 13, 1640.
Ricliard's sister. Faith, married Richard Baker (1658). Richard Whittington (1646) was
chosen ruling elder in the Dorchester church in 165 1, and deacon in 1669. He married
Elizabeth, daughter of Philip Eliot (1638). He was a selectman in 1675, 1676, and
1677. He died Dec. 22, 1701, aged about eighty-three years.

^ Q The officers elected were : Robert Keayne (1637), captain ; Eleazer

I OZLT'O. Lusher (1638), lieutenant, and Francis Norton (1643), ensign. Joshua
'' Hewes (1637) was first sergeant; Roger Clap (1646), second sergeant;

William Hudson (1640), third sergeant; Hopestill Foster (1642), fourth sergeant;
Anthony Stoddard (1639), clerk; John Audlin (1638), armorer, and Arthur Perry
(1638), drummer.

The clamor raised against Capt. Robert Keayne (1637), at the instigation of George
Story, had prompted his fellow-townsmen to elect him a deputy from Boston to the
General Court, and the military company which he founded manifested its confidence
in him by re-electing him its commander.

The new members recruited in 1647-8 were: Thomas Bumstead, Abraham Busby,
John Hansett, John Hill, Giles Payson, and Roger Williams.

Thomas Bumstead (1647), of Roxbury. The church records of that town say:
"Thomas Bumstead came to this Land in the 5' month of the yeare 1640," in which year
he became a freeman. He moved to Boston in 1643, and died there June 22, 1677.

The Boston Book of Possessions, p. 103, mentions Goodman Bumstead as
residing in a house adjoining the mansion-house belonging to John Coggan (1638),
corner of State and Washington streets.

Mr. Whitman (18 10) says, in the History of the Ancient and Honorable Artil-
lery Company, p. 155, "His gravestone in the Granary ground records, 'Thomas
Bumsted died June 22* 1677.' His estate was opposite the burial-ground, a valuable
portion of which has remained in the family ever since [1842] and was lately the resi-
dence of Major Thomas Bumstead [1764]. The elegant blocks of Hamilton Place
and Bumstead Place stand on his land, also the Masonic Temple [corner Tremont Street
and Temple Place]."

Mr. Winthrop says (1644), "A private matter or two fell out about this time, the
power and mercy of the Lord did appear in them in an extraordinary manner. A child
of one [Thomas] Bumstead [1647], ^ member of the church, fell from a gallery in the
meeting-house, and broke the arm and shoulder, and was also committed to the Lord in

Richard Whittington (1646). Authorities: small children Thomas & Jeremiah. He and his

New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1851, p. 468; Hist. wife [Susanna] were dismissed to Boston." — A'ox-

of Dorchester, by Anticj. and Hist. Soc. />ii>y Church Records.

Thomas Bumstead (i647'>. Authorities: The will of Thomas Bumstead, brazier, made

Savage's Edition of Winthrop's Hist, of New Eng., May 25, 1677, mentions his son, Jeremy, and daugh-

Vol. H., p. 250; Boston Records; Savage's Gen. ters, Hannah, Mary, wife of Ambrose Dawes (1674),

Diet. and Mercy. — See Suffolk Probate Records, Vol. VI.,

"Thomas Bumstead. he came to this Land in p. 530.
the 5 month of the year 1640. he brought two

1 62 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1647-8

the prayers of the church, with earnest desires, that the place where his people assembled
to his worship might not be defiled with blood, and it pleased the Lord also that this
child was soon perfectly recovered."

Abraham Busby (1647), oi Boston, was a linen weaver, and a son of Nicholas, of
Watertown. Abraham carhe with his parents from old Norwich, England, to Boston,
June 20, 1637. He was admitted a freeman in 1650. The father moved to Boston in
1646, and willed to his wife, and after her to his son, Abraham (1647), his new dwelling-
house and garden, situated on Washington Street, about one third the distance from
West to School streets.

He held several minor town offices, and died March 20, 1687. Sarah Busby, who
married Thomas Cakebread (1637), was a sister of Abraham Busby (1647).

John Hansett (1647), of Boston, is called, on his admission to the church, July 13,
1634, "Servant to our pastor John Wilson." He was admitted a freeman May 17, 1637,
and soon removed to Braintree. Not long after, he took up his residence in Roxbury.
It is recorded in the church records of the latter place, written by Rev. John Eliot,
under date of Feb. 23, 1684, "Old John Hansett [1647] buried."

In October, 1637, the selectmen of Boston granted him a great lot at Mount
WoUaston. In 1646, he bought a house and garden of Abraham Page, situated on
Milk Street, where the Boston jPos^ building formerly stood. " The spot got its chief
glory sixty years later, when Benjamin Franklin was born here."

John Hill (1647), of Dorchester, a blacksmith, came to America in 1633, and united
with the church in Dorchester in July, 1641. He was one of the selectmen of Dorchester
in 1636, was admitted a freeman in 1642, and died in 1664, his will being proved
June 14 of that year.

Giles Payson (1647), of Roxbury, came in the "Hopewell" from London, 1635,
aged twenty-six years, and was admitted a freeman April 18, 1637. He was a member
of the church in Roxbury, and the records say he " married a maide servant, Elizabeth
Dovvell." He became a deacon of that church, held many town offices, and there had
a homestead of five acres. His farm was one of the first cut up into house-lots in
Roxbury. It contained Forest and Dudley streets, and Mount Pleasant Avenue. He
removed to Dorchester, and died there Jan. 28, 1689.

His daughter, Elizabeth, married (i) Hopestill Foster (1673) and (2) Edmund
Browne (1691).

Roger Williams (1647), of Dorchester, came over in the "Mary and John" in
1630; served on the jury Sept. 30, 1630, in trial of Palmer for killing Bratcher, and
was admitted a freeman May 18, 1631. He was one of the selectmen of Dorchester in

Abraham Busby (1647). Authority: Sav- John Hill (1647). Authorities: New Eng.

age's Gen. Diet. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1858, p. 346 (will); Hist, of

" [1686-7] Sabbath, March 20, Abraham Dorchester, by Antiq. and Hist. Soc.

Busby dies." " Tuesday, March 22, 1686-7, Abra- Giles Payson {1647). Authorities : Drake's

ham Busby buried." — Sauall Papers, Vol. L, pp. Hist, of Roxbury; Savage's Gen. Diet.

170,171. Roger Williams (1647). Authorities : Sav-

John Hanseft (1647). Authorities: Sav- age's Gen. Diet. ; Hist, of Dorchester, by Antiq. and

age's Gen. Diet.; Mem. Hist, of Boston, Vol. II. Hist. Soc.

'648-9] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 1 63

1635, and the next year removed to Windsor, Conn. At Windsor he was in excellent
repute, had a good estate, and served on juries in 1642, 1643, and 1644. His wife died
Dec. 10, 1645, whereupon he sold his property in Windsor, and in 1647 returned to
Dorchester. In 1649, he married Lydia Bates of that town.

In 1650, in a deed he gave, he is called "of Boston." He was an ancestor of
Lieut.-Gov. Samuel T. Armstrong (1807).

^ r^ The ofificers elected were : Robert Sedgwick (1637), captain ; John

I DZlO"Q. Leverett (1639), lieutenant, and John Manning (1641), ensign. James
' -^ Oliver (1640) was first sergeant; David Yale (1640), second sergeant;
Joshua Fisher (1640), third sergeant; Samuel Oliver (1648), fourth sergeant ; Anthony
Stoddard (1639), clerk; John Audlin (1638), armorer, and Arthur Perry (1638),
drummer.

A charter member of the Artillery Company, Major Sedgwick (1637), had twice
before been honored with its command, and he is spoken of as "a very brave, zealous,
and pious man." When the colony feared retaliation from the Royalists of Great
Britain, and the expedition for the subjugation of New York was talked of. Major
Sedgwick (1637) took an active part in reorganizing the militia of Massachusetts.

Peace having been concluded, the expedition against the Dutch at New York was
abandoned, and Gen. Sedgwick (1637), returning to England, was promoted to the
rank of major-gei*ral.

On the 20th of March, 1649, Gov. Winthrop died, after a brief illness, closing his
eyes " upon a scene of rare prosperity, which he, helped by many other good and able
men, had been the chief instrument in creating." Gov. Bellingham, immediately after
his death, invited several of the principal men of the town to his late residence to
decide "how to order his funeral." We have no particulars of "the great solemnity
and honour " which was observed on the third day of April, but the following extract,
from the records of the General Court for the 2d of May, shows that the Artillery
Company fired proper salutes in memory of the signer of their charter : —

" Whereas the surveyer generall, on some encouragements, lent one barrel! and a
halfe of the countryes store of powder to the Artillery ofificers of Boston, conditionally,
if the Generall Corte did not alowe it to them as a gift to spend at the funerall of our
late honored Governor, they would repay it, the powder being spent on the occasion
above said, the Corte doth think meete that the powder so delivered should never be
required againe, and thankfully acknowledg Bostons great, worthy, due love and respects
to the late honored Governor, which they manifested in solemnizing his funerall, whom
wee accompted worthy of all honour."

Gov. Winthrop's house, wherein he died, was of wood, two stories high, on what
is now Washington Street, opposite the foot of School Street, and its spacious garden,
extending to Milk Street, is now occupied by the Old South Church. The house was
destroyed for firewood by the British soldiers in 1775. His remains were buried in
the north end of what is now known as the King's Chapel Burial-Ground, in the tomb
of the Winthrop family.

There were no religious services or sermons at funerals, at that period of our
colonial history. Indeed, Dr. Shurtleff states " that the first prayer at a funeral in

1 64 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1648-9

Boston was as late as 1766, . . . and the first funeral sermon as late as 1783." Rev.
John Cotton preached a sermon in respect to Gov. Winthrop on a special Fast, held
by the church during his illness, of which we have a few extracts only. Funeral
sermons, formerly as now, were delivered on some Sunday after the interment. No
religious sersdces were necessary, however, to make the occasion of Mr. Winthrop's
death a solemn one. Hutchinson, who had access to all the contemporary records,
speaks of " the general grief throughout the colony." It is easy to picture to ourselves
the authorities and the people of the town and the neighborhood assembling at the
Governor's house, and following the corpse, borne by loving hands — for there were no
hearses in those days — to the tomb or grave, while the Artillery Company gave the
funereal salute in honor of the dead.

Massachusetts is fortunate in possessing an original portrait of Gov. Winthrop,
which now adorns the Senate Chamber in the State House at Boston. It represents
him as a well- formed man, with a high forehead, dark blue eyes, and long, dark hair,
his countenance beaming with intelligence and kindness. This is probably the portrait
of which the following anecdote is given in the memoranda of the Winthrop family :
"One of the Pequot Sagamores, who knew the old Governor Winthrop, coming to
Boston, after his death, and going into the room where the picture was, ran out, very
much surprised, exclaiming, ' He is alive ! He is alive ! ' "

The new members recruited in 1648-9 were: Peter Brackett, Samuel Carter, John
Cole, Nicholas Davison, Caleb Foot, Samuel Oliver, Thomas Richards, Jacob Sheafe,
Thomas Squire, and William Stitson.

Peter Brackett (1648), of Braintree, brother of Capt. Richard Brackett (1639)
was admitted a freeman May 10, 1643. He represented Braintree in the General Court
in 1644, 164s, 1646, 1653, 1660, and 1662, and was deputy for Scarborough in 1673
and 1674. In his last years he lived in Boston. He was one of the founders of the
Old South Church, and one of its first deacons.

" In 1662," says Savage, " he purchased of the Indians the tract on which Mendham
was erected." In 1640, Peter Brackett was granted forty-eight acres of land at Braintree,
and Dec. 25, 1676, Capt. Brackett (1639), of Braintree, was allowed to cut enough timber
upon the common land to build a third part of a vessel of twenty- five tons.

Peter Brackett (1648) married for his second wife Mary, widow of Nathaniel
Williams (1644). Judge Sewall (1679), writing to the Rev. Increase Mather, July 24,
1688, says, "Deacon Brackett [1648] was buried this day."

Samuel Carter (1648), of Charlestown, yeoman, son of Thomas and Mary Carter,
was born in 1616. He became an inhabitant in 1637, and was admitted to the church 1 ^
" I, 5, 1645." He married Winfred Harrod, or Harwood, who died Jan. 20, 1675. He \
died Aug. 29, 168 1. \

He was a man of considerable property, and was prominent in the town. I

Peter Brackett (1648). Authorities: Hill's Dictionary, gives 1652 as the date of his will, and

Hist, of Old South Church; Braintree Records. says that in it he names a grandson, John Green.

Samuel Carter (1648). Authorities: Wy- Mr. Whitman (1810) followed these statements,

man's Charlestown Genealogies and Estates; Froth- John Green is not mentioned in Samuel Carter's

ingham's Hist, of Charlestown. will, which is dated Aug. 16, 1680, and was proved

The indefatigable Savage, in his Genealogical Oct. 4, 1681.

1648-9] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 165

John Cole (1648), of Lynn. Mr. Lewis, in his history of that town, mentions John
Cole, of Lynn in 1642, who died Oct. 8, 1703, but nothing is recorded as to wife or
family.

Nicholas Davison (1648), of _Charlestovvn in 1639, was one of the chief men and
agent of Gov. Cradock, " the founder of Medford." Matthew Cradock, first governor
of the Company of Massachusetts Bay, was the richest member of the New England
company. He never came to America, but was most helpful to the early settlers of
Medford. He gave the largest sum to the company ; sent two of his ships over, bringing
fishermen, coopers, shipwrights ; made Medford his first settlement ; procured a large
tract of land ; began ship-building, fishing, etc., and placed here an agent to execute his
plans. Mr. Nicholas Davison (1648) was his mercantile agent, and had charge of the
estate after Mr. Cradock's decease. He went to England in 1655, and returned in
1656 in the "Speedwell," being then forty-five years old. The court records inform
us that Sept. 3, 1639, Nicholas Davison (1648), Mr. Cradock's agent, "for swearing
an oath, was ordered to pay one pound, which he consented unto." He died in 1664,
leaving a large property. His will was proved July 1 1 of that year. By the will we learn
that an Indian Sagamore gave him a mortgage of Nahant. His inventory included land
in Boston, Charlestown, Pemaquid, and about two thousand one hundred acres near
Windsor, on both sides of the Connecticut. His inventory amounted to nearly one thou-
sand nine hundred pounds.

He married Joanna Hodges, by whom he had one son, also a daughter, Sarah, who
married Lieut.-Col. Joseph Lynde (1681), of Charlestown.

May 7, 1662, the General Court, by request of the Middlesex troop, confirmed
Nicholas Davison (1648) as cornet of said troop.

Caleb Foote (1648). On the old roll of 1680, it is plainly written, " Mr. Caleb
Foote." His sureties were Lieut. Hewes (1637) and Ensign Hudson (1640).

Samuel Oliver (1648), of Boston, son of Elder Thomas, and brother of James
(1640), of John (1637), and of Peter (1643), was born in England, and was admitted
to the First Church May 21, 1643. He married Lydia, by whom he had three children.
He was fourth sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1648, and third sergeant in 1651.
He was drowned March 27, 1652, and his widow married Joshua Fisher (1640), of
Dedham.

Thomas Richards (1648), of Boston, was admitted to be a freeman in 1645. In
the will of Thomas Richards (1648), dated Nov. 17, 1650, he is called "of Weymouth,"
but at the time was ill at the house of his " bro. Thomas Loring," in Hull. The will was
proved Jan. 28, 1650. Inventory, thirteen hundred pounds.

Jacob Sheafe (1648), of Boston, was born at Cranbrook, Kent County, England,
and the church register there says he was the son of Edmund, and was born Aug. 4,
1 616. He came over with his mother, and went first to Guilford, where he was one

Nicholas Davison (1648). Authorities: Jacob Sheafe (164S). Authorities: Boston

Records of Mass. Bay; Savage's Gen. Diet. Records; Savage's Gen. Diet.

Samuel Oliver (164S). Authorities: New
Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1S65 ; Savage's Gen. Diet.

t66 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1649-5°

of the seven persons who constituted the church there, of which his uncle became
pastor. In 1643, he removed to Boston. He was a merchant, and acquired a large
property.

In the records of the General Court, II., 46, we read this unusual favor : Sept.
7, 1643, "Jacob Sheafe and Margaret Webbe are permitted to join in marriage though
but twice published."

He was a constable of Boston in 1651, a selectman in 1657 and 1658, and was clerk
of the Artillery Company in 1652.

He died March 22, 1658-9, and his tombstone stands in the chapel ground.

Thomas Squire (1648), of Charlestown in 1630, probably came with Gov. Win-
throp. His name is among the first signers to the covenant of the First Church. He
was dismissed therefrom in October, 1632, to found the new church at Charlestown.
He became a freeman May 14, 1634. Thomas Squire (1648) is recorded as a member
of the church in Maiden in 1649.

William Stitson, now Stetson (1648), of Charlestown in 1632, was admitted a
freeman June 11, 1633. He was deacon in the church there, having been admitted with
his wife, Elizabeth, March 22, 1633. He represented that town in the General Court in
1646, and from 1667 to 1671. He was elected selectman first in 1642, and served
twenty years in this office. He held the office of sergeant in the Charlestown company ;
he also kept the ferry, succeeding Thomas Harris. His wife, Elizabeth Harris, died
Feb. 16, 1669-70, and Aug. 22, 1670, he married Mary, widow of Francis Norton
(1643). He died April 11, 1691, in his ninety-first year, "having sen'ed as a deacon
31 years 5 mos," as it is inscribed upon his tombstone.

1649-50.

The execution of King Charles, and the progress of the great
^ rebellion in England, so completely overshadowed minor events in the
colony that we know but little of the Company's proceedings during
1649-50. No officers for that year are recorded in the list written by Nathaniel Barnes
(1676) in 1680, but the name of "Capt. John Carnes, Captain," was inserted in the
transcript of 1745, first in pencil, and afterward in ink. Mr. Whitman (1810) says that
he " has seen a printed list of captains of the Artillery Company in an old almanac,
which had Capt. Carnes' name as captain for this year, and also obtained some
traditionary information which corroborates the statement. There was a Capt. John
Carnes [1649] an officer in the Parliaments navy, in Boston about that time," arid it
seems probable that he was admitted into the Company and elected its captain.

Meanwhile, Massachusetts, and especially Boston, appears to have flourished.
Edward Johnson (1637), whose Wonder- Working Providence was probably written
about 1650, thus rejoices over the flourishing condition of the colony, and especially
over the growth of Boston: "The chiefe Edifice of this City-like town is crowded on
the Lea-bankes, and wharfed out with great industry and cost, the buildings beautiful!

Thomas Squire (1648). Authorities: Sav- man's Charlestown Genealogies and Estates; Sav-
age's Gen. Diet.; Kurd's Hist, of Middlesex Co. age's Gen. Diet. Mr. Wyman gives this name as
William Stitson (164S). Authorities: Wy- Dea. Wm. Stilson, Stitson, of Stetson.

1649-50] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 1 67

and large, some fairely set forth with Brick, Tile, Stone, and Slate, and orderly placed
with comly streets, whose continuall inlargement presages some sumptuous City.

" But now behold the admirable Acts of Christ : at this his peoples landing, the
hideous Thickets in this place were such that Wolfes and Beares nurst up their young
from the eyes of all beholders, in those very places where the streets are full of Girls
and Boys sporting up and downe, with a continued concourse of people. Good store
of Shipping is here yearly built and some very faire ones : both Tar and Mastes the
Country affords from its own soile ; also store of Victual! both for their owne and
Forreiners ships, who resort hither for that end : this Town is the very Mart of the
Land : French, Portugalls and Dutch come hither for Trafifique."

For the defence of the harbor, what is now known as Fort Independence, then a
rough fortification, had been rebuilt and strengthened, and was garrisoned by not less
than twenty men in summer and ten in winter. It was placed under the command of
Capt. Richard Davenport (1639), who arrived at Salem with Gov. Endicott, in
September, 1628, and had taken a conspicuous part in the Indian wars. His prede-
cessors in this command were Nicholas Simpkins (1650), who was the first captain of
it, 163S ; Edward Gibbons (1637), who commanded in 1636; Richard Morris (1637),
and Robert Sedgwick (1637), in June, 1641.

Fifty pounds were appropriated to build him a house, and he also was allowed one
third of the island for his personal use. His pay was to be one half •' in come " and
one half in " beaver and shop commodities." When he asked that he might be provided
with a chaplain, he was formally notified that he could expect no regular chaplain for
the garrison, but that " the Lord having granted him able gifts," he was expected to
perform the duties of that office, and to take care of the garrison as of his own family.
In July, 1665, "God was pleased to send a grievous storm of thunder and lightening,
which did some hurt in Boston, and struck dead here that worthy renowned Captain
Richard Davenport [1639]."

The new members recruited in 1649-50 were : John Games, Thomas Hawkins,
Stephen Paine.

John Games (1649) was born in Orchard town, Scotland. He was post-captain
in the British navy, and was ordered to America as commander of the fleet cruising in
North American waters. He made frequent visits to Boston, and spent much of his time
there. He married in Boston about 1652. Commodore John Carnes (1649) died at sea
in 1652, on his return passage to England. He was a man of large fortune, owning
extensive land estates in Scotland, on which there were coal mines, from which large
quantities of coal were afterward sent to America. His intentions were to settle up his
affairs in Scotland and return to America to live. His only son, Thomas, was bom after
the father had sailed for England. Thomas was the grandfather of John, who com-
manded the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company in 1750. Prior to his time, the
name was spelled Cairnes, but he dropped the " i," and spelled his name Carnes. Capt.
John Carnes (1649) is believed to have commanded the Military Company in 1649.

John Carnes (1649). Authorities: Whil- Letters from descendants of Capt. Carnes (1649)
man's Hist. A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1842; in New York and Virginia.

l68 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND ["650-1

Thomas Hawkins (1649), of Boston, was a baker. He came to America about
1640. ]n that year he was granted a " great lot " at Mount Wollaston, and five acres
were afterward added to it.

The building known as the Green Dragon Ta\ern stood on Green Dragon Lane,
now Union Street, between Hanover and the old mill-pond. John Davies's property was
on the south of the Green Dragon property. Thomas Hawkins (1649) in 1645 bought
Mr. Davies's house and garden, and Oct. 10, 1662, he bought an adjacent lot of Mr.
Johnson. Mr. Hawkins (1649) mortgaged the property to Rev. Thomas Thacher, and
gave a second mortgage, June 15, 167 1, to Sampson Sheafe. A part of Mr. Hawkins's
(1649) property became the Green Dragon estate.

Mr. Hawkins (1649) ^^^^ a noted biscuit-maker, but subsequently an innholder.
He built a tavern, called " Star Inn," which was kept successively by Mr. Hawkins
(1649), his wife Rebecca, John Hewlett, and Andrew Neal. Mr. Hawkins died in the
latter part of 1671.

Stephen Paine (1649), of Braintree, born in England, son of Moses, of Braintree,
was a brother of Lieut. Moses Paine (1644). He married, Nov. 15, 1651, Hanna Bass.
Stephen (1649) was admitted to be a freeman in 1653.

Dec. 19, 1670, the town meeting of Braintree was held at "Steven Paine's [1649]."
He died July 29, 1691.

^ The officers elected were: Humfrey Atherton (1638), captain;

J Q CQ~ J ^ Francis Norton (1643), lieutenant; Thomas French (1638), ensign.

•-^ Thomas Clarke (1644) was first sergeant; William Hudson (1640),

second sergeant; Anthony Stoddard (1639), third sergeant; John Capen (1646), fourth
sergeant; Joshua Scottow (1645), clerk; Arthur Perry (1638), drummer, and John
Audlin (1638), armorer.

The Second Church in Boston was a necessity, on account of increased population
in the town. Previously, 1632 to 1650, there had been but one, viz., the First Church.
It was agreed that a meeting-house should be erected at the North End, and its founda-
tion was laid in 1649, at the head of what is since called North Square. This was the
" Church of the Mathers." The first sermon was preached in the new house, June 5,
1650. On that day, seven persons entered into church covenant, of whom James
Astwood (1638) was a member of the Military Company of the Massachusetts.

The new members recruited in 1 650-1 were : Bozoun Allen, Zacheus Bosworth,
William Cotton, Jacob Greene, George Halsey, and Nicholas Simpkins.

Bozoun Allen (1650), of Hingham in 1638, came from Lynn, Norfolk County,
England, in the "Diligent," from Ipswich. He was admitted a freeman June 2, 1641,
and was rejiresentative in 1643, ^^id for seven other years, the last being in 1652. On
his motion, by reason of his great loss in his mill-dam, occasioned by a great storm, he

Thomas Hawkins (1649). Authorities: Eng., Vol. II., p. 271; New Eng. Hist, and Gen.

Shurtleff's Topog. Des. of Boston; Savage's Gen. Reg. (will), 1851, p. 299.
Diet. " 163S, Mr. Bozone Allen and his wife and

Bozoun Allen (1650). Authorities: Hist. two servants came from Lynn, in Norfolk, and

of Hingham, 1893, Vol. II., p. 8; Savage's Gen. settled in New Hingham." — Daniel Cushing's Rec-

Dict. ; Savage's Edition of Winthrop's Hist, of New ord, Hingham.

THIRD MEETINGHOUSE OF THE SECOND CHURCH.

•650-I] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 169

was dismissed from the service of the General Court, unless he could conveniently come
again. He was often a deputy, a military officer, and an influential citizen of Hingham.
Mr. Allen (1650) was confirmed as lieutenant of the trained soldiers of Hingham, Oct.
27, 1648, and captain. May 22, 1651. His son, Bozoun, was admitted a member of the
Artillery Company in 1676.

Mr. Winthrop, in his History of New England, Vol. II., pp. 221-236, gives an
account of the "troublesome business" in which Capt. Allen (1650) was concerned.
There was a dispute in Hingham as to who should command the military company. A
part of the citizens favored Lieut. Anthony Eames, and the other, Capt. Allen (1650).
The minister became involved, and the church was more or less disturbed by the
difficulty. Complaints were made before the magistrates by both parties. All were
finally bound over to appear at the next Court of Assistants. John Winthrop was tried
before his brother magistrates for maladministration, but he managed so discreetly, and
with so much humility, that he was acquitted honorably. This famous riot, con-
tempt of authority, and interference of priestcraft, were finally subdued, and all parties —
captain, lieutenant, the whole train-band, and even the minister — were fined. The
total of persons arraigned was ninety-five, and the aggregate fines were one hundred and
fifty-five pounds. Capt. Allen (1650) held the captaincy, and the lieutenant paid a fine
of five pounds. The latter became reconciled to his supersedure. Mr. Allen (1650)
and Joshua Hobart (1641), of Hingham, were both deputies at the time of the trial.

Capt. Allen (1650) removed to Boston in 1652, and died Sept. 14, 1652. His
daughter, Martha, married Ebenezer Savage (1682), son of Major Thomas Savage
(1637).

Zacheus Bosworth (1650), of Boston in 1630, probably came in the fleet with
Winthrop. He was admitted a freeman May 25, 1636, and was disarmed in November,
1637, for sympathizing with Mrs. Hutchinson's views. He early became a member of
the First Church. " His house, garden, cow-house, barns, and orchard," were at the west
corner of School and Tremont streets. July 29, 1644, he was appointed pound-keeper
in Boston. He died July 28, 1655.

William Cotton (1650), of Boston in 1647, a butcher by trade, was probably of
Gloucester at an earlier date, as a William Cotton owned land there in 1642 ; but no more
is told of him. William Cotton (1650) joined the church in Boston in May, 1647, and
became a freeman the same year. He was a surveyor of highways in 1650 and 1651.
In 1652, he is called "Sergeant Cotton," in the town records. He held the office of
clerk of the market in 1655 and 1656. He was clerk of the Artillery Company from
1658 to 1660, second sergeant in 1661, and first sergeant in 1662.

Jacob Greene (1650), of Charlestown, son of John (1639), who came from London
to Charlestown, bringing Jacob with him, in the ship "James" in 1632, was born in
1625. Jacob (1650) was admitted to be a freeman in 1650, became a church-member

Zacheus Bosworth (1650). Authorities: Jacob Greene (1650). Autiioritiks: Sav-

Savage's Gen. Diet.; New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., age's Gen. Diet.; Frothingham's Hist, of Charles-
Vol, v., p. 443; Boston Records. town.

William Cotton (1650). Authorities: Sav-
age's Gen. Diet.; Boston Records.

I/O

HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1651-2

in 1661-2, and was representative in 1677. He married (i) Elizabeth Long and (2)
Mary Whipple. Administration on his estate (one hundred and ninety-nine pounds)
was granted to his widow, Mary, Oct. 6, 1701.

George Halsey, or Halsall (1650), of Dorchester in 1642, was born about 1614.
In 1642, he was recommended by the church in Dorchester to the church in Boston.
He became a freeman in 1645, and in that year bought of Samuel Cole (1637) a house
and garden on the southeasterly part of Copp's Hill. The next year George Halsall
(1650) had liberty of the selectmen "to set down a causey ten foot square, from his
wharf e to low-watter marke and that passingers shall come and go free to it." Soon
after he was permitted " to imploy a passag boatt betweene his wharfe and the ships
wher the ships rid, and is to take a penny for each person." He was by trade a black-
smith, and removed to New London in 1661, but "staid there not long."

Nicholas Simpkins (1650), of Boston, a tailor, was made the first captain at the
Castle about 1634, but in 1636 he seems to have given dissatisfaction by being indebted
to the government, and was succeeded by Edward Gibbons (1637). In 163S, he
removed to Yarmouth, but returned to Boston before 1649.

In the addenda of Winthrop's History of New England, we are told, " mo. 5 th, 14th
[1636] Nic Simpkins brought before the Governor and J. Winthrop for braving the
Lieutenant Morris [1637] and telling him in public that he lied, &c. He confessed
the words, but refused to acknowledge it a fault, or to ask his pardon in the mercate
[market] place. So we committed him. i6th, upon his submission and acknowledg-
ment that he had done ill, we took his bond in ^20. to appear at the next Court, and
left him at liberty. Besides he was ill, and we feared he would grow distracted &c."

^ The ofificers elected were : Thomas Savage (1637), captain ; Thomas

J Q ^ J "2. Clarke (1638), lieutenant; James Oliver (1640), ensign. William
^ Hudson (1640) was first sergeant; Peter Oliver (1643), second ser-

geant; Samuel Oliver (1648), third sergeant; John Barrell (1643), fourth sergeant;
Joshua Scottow (1645), clerk, and John Audlin (1638), armorer.

While the mother country was convulsed with civil war, Massachusetts flourished.
We learn that new buildings, some of brick, sprung up in every quarter of Boston;
markets were erected ; wharves stretched into the harbor ; colonial and foreign vessels
were sent to the West Indies and to the Madeira Islands, and returned laden with
sugar, oranges, wines, cotton, tobacco, and bullion ; and these, with the furs and the
products of the fisheries at the capes and at the banks, including bone and oil — procured
in trips farther to the north — were sent to England to pay for the manufactured goods
needed by the colonists. The resources of the country were rapidly developed. The
vast forests which clothed its surface were converted into masts, plank, boards, staves,
shingles, and hoops, all of which were of value in commercial exchange. Glass-works
were established, and iron foundries were erected at Lynn, Braintree, and Plymouth.

GeorgeHalsey (1650). Authorities: Boston Nicholas Simpkins (1650). AuxHORnT:

Records; Savage's Gen. Diet. Savage's Gen. Diet.

'^^tnom.M ■\)aMt^j^

^(•5^-2] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. I71

Mills were likewise built, ship-yards opened, and some slight progress was made in the
manufacture of linen and cotton cloth.

The new members recruited in 165 1-2 were : James Davis, Strong Furnel, William
Ludkin, Simon Tuttle.

James Davis (1651) was of Boston in 1635, in which year he became a freeman.
His house and garden were situated on the north side of Water Street, at the shore.
In 1640, he was granted land at "Long Island," and in 1645 was one of a committee
chosen by the selectmen " to hire eight fitt men for the Garrison " at the Castle. In

1651, the selectmen voted, "James Davis [1651] hath Libertie to keepe a house of
common entertainement, if the Countie Court consent." He was called "sergeant"
on the town records in 1645.

Strong Furnel (1651), of Boston, a soapboiler, called also a ship-carpenter on his
admission to the church, became a freeman May 10, 1643. He probably died before
1658, as " widow Furnall " is spoken of in the records of Boston, Jan. 31, 1658.

William Ludkin (1651), of Hingham, a locksmith, came from Norwich, Norfolk
County, England. He sailed from Ipswich, England, April 8, 1637, and arrived at
Boston June 20, and settled in Hingham. He had a house-lot granted him in Hingham
in 1637. He became a freeman in March, 1638. He removed to Boston, and was
chosen a constable March 8, 1652. On the 27th of March, 1652, he was drowned in
Boston Harbor, leaving a wife and two children.

Simon Tuttle (1651), of Ipswich, was born in England in 1630, and came over
with his parents in the "Planter" in 1635. His father settled in Ipswich. Simon
(1651) was recorded in the list of voters in that town Dec. 2, 1679. He died in
January, 1692.

Rev. John Cotton, the second or associate pastor of the First Church in Boston,
delivered the election sermon in 1651. He was born at Derby, in England, Dec. 4, 15S5.
At the age of fourteen years, he was entered at the University of Cambridge, and in
1606, he took his degree of A. M. at Trinity College. He remained at Cambridge until
16 13, when he was chosen vicar of the borough of Boston, in Lincolnshire. He preached
there twenty-one years, and then, in consequence of a growing dissatisfaction with the
ecclesiastical tendencies in England, he resigned his charge and came over to Massa-
chusetts. He arrived at Boston, in New England, in the "Griffin," Sept. 4, 1633, and
on the following Sunday was admitted to the First Church. On the loth of October,
he was ordained its teacher, and May 4, 1634, was made a freeman. He died Dec. 23,

1652, in consequence of taking cold while crossing the ferry to Cambridge. His burial
was described as " the most grievous and solemn funeral ever known upon the American
continent."

Mr. Cotton resided in a house, surrounded by a garden, etc., of one and a half

James Davis (1651;. Authorities: Boston Simon Tuttle (1651). Authority: New

Records; Savage's Gen. Diet. Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1868, p. 329.

William Ludkin (1651). Authorities : New Rev. John Cotton. Authorities: Mather's

Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1876; Boston Rec- Magnalia; Sprague's Annals of American Pulpit;

ords. Eliot's Biog. Diet. ; Gen. of the Cotton Family.

172 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND ['652-3

acres, facing on what is now Tremont Row, and looking down Prison Lane, now Court
Street. This wide allotment was creditable to the town, which thus recognized its
pastor, from whose English home the town derived its name. His wife retained her
possession of a "house and garden in the market place in Boston, in Lincolnshire,"
and he made provision in his will that in case she returned there with her children, or
they should die without heirs, his landed estate was to be equally divided between
Harvard College and the church at Boston.

, The officers elected were: John Leverett (1639), captain ; Francis

J Q ^2" 2. Norton (1643), lieutenant; William Davis (1643), ensign. Richard

^ *~^ Sprague (1638) was first sergeant; John Hull (1638), second sergeant,
and Jacob Sheafe (1648), clerk.

The Castle, now Fort Independence, which had fallen into a ruinous condition,
was rebuilt, the Boston train-bands working upon it during the time usually spent in
monthly parades and drills. Capt. Roger Clap (1646), the commander of the Castle,
tells us, in his Memoirs, that it was built partly of bricks, and contained a number of
apartments. He says that there was a " dweUing room below, a lodging room over it, a
gun room over that, wherein stood six good sacker guns, and over it, upon the top, three
lesser guns." This affair cost about four thousand pounds. Mr. Johnson (1637) says
of the expenditure : " Yet are not this poor pilgrims people weary of maintaining it in
good repair, as it is of very good use to awl insolent persons."

The new members recruited in 1652-3 were: Alexander Adams, Henry Adams,
Isaac Addington, William Aubrey, Thomas Edsall, Henry Evans, William Hasey, Samuel
Hutchinson, William Paddy.

Alexander Adams (1652), of Boston, a shipwright, became a freeman in 1648, and
married, it is said, Mary, sister of Tristram Cofifin, of Salisbury, and. afterward of Nan-
tucket. He removed to Dorchester in 1647, but returned to Boston, and from 1655 to
1661 held the office of " water-bailyffe." "27 : 3 : 61," at a meeting of the selectmen,
they declared, "Whereas Alexander Adams [1652] hath taken vp an Anchor on
y" Flatts, W^ hauing beene cried & no owner appeares. Itt is ordered y' y"" s'' Anchor
shall be d'd to y" Townes Treasurer, & y' y" s* water bayliffes shall haue i of
y s"! Anchor if nott owned."

His residence was at Merry's Point, where, in 1645, he purchased property which
was originally Walter Merry's, who gave his name to the point. In 1646, Alexander
Adams (1652) was allowed to wharf out, maintaining along the shore a highway for a
cart, now Commercial Street.

He was first sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1656.

Henry Adams (1652), son of Henry, of Braintree, was also of Braintree, but
removed to that part of Dedham afterward called Medfield. Henry (1652) was born in
England about 1604, and he was the first town clerk of Braintree. Removing to

Alexander Adams (1652). Authorities: Henry Adams (1652). Authorities: New

New Eng. Hist, and C'.en. Reg., 1853, p. 42; 1877, Eng. Hist, .ind Gen. Reg., 1S53, p. 42; Hist, of the

p. 18; Hist, of the Adams Family, Tilden's Hist, of Adams Family, 1893, liy Henry Whittemore; Sav-

Medfield. age's Gen. Diet.; Tilden's Hist, of Medfield.

f iofvn. -^u^ri^

'652-3] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY.

173

Dedham, he became the first town clerk of Medfield, and was very prominent in town
matters. He was a selectman several years, a representative in 1659, 1665, 1674, and
1675, ^nd was lieutenant of the train-band there.

In 1652, he bought the mill which George Barber (1646) had erected. He had
several grants of land in the town, and was one of the petitioners for the incorporation
of the town of Sherborn.

Mr. Mather, in his History of King Philip's War, says, " Lieut. Henry Adams
[1652] was killed at his own door by the Indians, Feb. 21, 1676." His wife was acci-
dentally but mortally wounded by a soldier the same night, at the house of Rev.
Mr. Wilson.

He married, Nov. 17, 1643, Elizabeth, daughter of Moses Paine (1644). His
brother, Thomas, joined the Artillery Company in 1644.

Isaac Addington (1652), of Boston in 1640, married, in 1644, Anne, a sister of
Major-Gen. John Leverett (1639), and became a freeman May 22, 1650. They had five
children, four of whom were daughters. One, Sarah, died young ; of the others, Ann
married Capt. Samuel Maudsley, or Moseley (1672) ; Rebecca married Eleazer Daven-
port, son of Capt. Richard (1639), and Sarah married Penn Townsend (1674). Their
eldest child was Isaac, who became chief-justice of the Superior Court and secretary of
the province.

Isaac Addington (1652) is believed to have been a surgeon by profession, or a
" chirurgeon," as then called. The first items enumerated in the inventory of his estate
are, "Steele instruments," "a box of launcets tipt with silver," and "a surgions
chest." Administration on his estate was granted to his widow, Dec. 6, 1653, and on
the tenth of the same month the property was inventoried at ^998 9^. i,d.

William Aubrey (1652), of Boston, a merchant, came to America from London,
by virtue of a contract made in 1650, and was factor for the iron-works at Lynn. He
married Rachel, the daughter of the secretary, Edward Rawson. In 165 1, Valentine
Hill sold a lot, near Mill-Creek Bridge, and north of the cove, to William Aubrey
(1652), "for the use of the undertakers of the iron-works in New England." A lane
which passed through this lot (the present North Centre Street) was called Paddy's
Lane, from Capt. William Paddy, who joined the Artillery Company the same year as
William Aubrey (1652).

Thomas Edsall (1652), of Boston, was a turner by trade. He married Elizabeth
Farman, Sept. 16, 1652, and had one son, Henry, born in Boston, Feb. 28, 1654.

Henry Evans (1652), of Boston in 1643, ^ husbandman, was admitted a freeman
in 1645, and was a member of the Boston church, k Henry Evans, of Middlesex
County, was drowned March i, 1667.

William Hasey (1652), of Boston, lived at Rumney Marsh, now Chelsea, as early
as 1652. The Boston Records call him "Cornet William Hasey [1652]." He was
admitted a freeman in 1665.

Isaac Addington (1652). Authorities : New William Hasey (1652). .Xuthoritv : New

Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1850, p. 117; Eliot's Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1871, iSSi, 1SS8.
Biog. Diet. "[May 27, 1674.] Cornet William Haisy is

William Aubrey (1652). Authorities: Sav- appointed to be lieutenant ... to the Three County
age's Gen. Diet. ; Boston Records. Troop, under the conduct of Edward Hutchinson

[1638] their Captain." — Records of Mass. Bay.

174 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1652-3

Cornet William Hasey (1652) was appointed on the 27th of May, 1674, lieutenant
of the Three County Troop, an engraving of whose standard is given in the New England
Historical and Genealogical Register, Vol. XXV., also an account of the troop. In the
summer of 1675, Lieut. Hasey (1652) commanded a company engaged in King
Philip's War.

William Hasey (1652) married, (2) May 16, 1681, Judith Poole, widow of Capt.
Jonathan, of Reading. After Mr. Hasey's (1652) death, she married, about 1690,
Robert Gould, Sr., of Hull. Lieut. Hasey (1652) seems to have given up his farm at
Rumney Marsh to his children, and to have taken up his residence at the Poole home-
stead in Reading.

William " Hescy," as it is spelled on his gravestone now standing in Wakefield,
died in Reading, May 30, 1689, aged about seventy years.

Samuel Hutchinson (1652), of Boston, brother of John (1645) and of Rev. William,
husband of the famous Ann, was born in England, Nov. i, 1589. The time of his arrival
jn America is not known. He had a grant of land in Rhode Island, May 20, 1638,
whither he went, probably with his brother William. He was accounted a scholar in his
day, and wrote from Boston, "Answer to a Letter sent from Old England to New, 1659."
It was printed in London in 1667.

Samuel Hutchinson (1652) died, unmarried, July 14, 1667.

William Paddy (1652), of Boston, merchant, came over in the "James" from
Southampton in 1635, arriving in Boston June 3. He was called in the custom-house
clearance, a " skinner," and was probably of a guild or company of the skinners. He
lived for a time at Plymouth, was deacon of the church there, and one of the repre-
sentatives from that town in the first General Court of Deputies for Plymouth Colony, in
1639. His first wife, Alice Freeman, died April 24, 165 1, and he married in Boston,
Dec. 3, 1651, Mary Greenough, about which time he made that town his permanent
residence. He was elected a selectman March 12, 1654-5, and was re-elected until his
decease. He attended the meeting of the board, Aug. 12, 1658, and died on the twenty-
fourth day of that month. William Paddy (1652) attended nearly every meeting of the
selectmen during three and a half years, and was very prominent in the conducting of
town affairs.

In his will, after providing for his wife and nine children, and granting legacies to
several friends, he gave " ten pounds to be disposed of by y" selectmen of y' town of
Boston, for y" poore."

A gravestone was dug up from the north side of the Old State House, near the
centre door, and bones found near it, while the city were repairing the building, June
18, 1830. The inscription is all in capital letters, viz. : "Here sleeps that | Blessed
one <Q;> whose lief | God help us all to live | That so when tiem shall be | That we this
world must lieve | We ever may be happy | With blessed William Paddy." On the
other side : "Hearlyeth | The body of Mr. William Paddy, Aged 58 years. | Departed
I This life August the— 1658."

The stone was deposited in the garret of the Old South Church.

Samuel Hutchinson (1652). Authority: Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1850, 1853, 1854, 1S77;

New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1847, pp. 299, 302; Drake's Hist, of Boston; Columbian Cen/inel, June

1862, p. 331 (will) ; 1865, p. 15. 19,1830; Records of Plymouth Colony.

William Paddy (1652). Authorities: New

i6S3-4] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 1 75

. The ofificers elected were: Thomas Clarke (1638), captain ; James

I Q C9-/1, Oliver (1640), lieutenant; William Hudson (1640), ensign. Joshua

^^ ^ Hewes (1637) was first sergeant; James Browne (1638), second ser-
geant, and Thomas Clarke (1644), clerk.

The English army, as organized this year, consisted of regiments composed of
eight companies of musketeers, with a flank company of grenadiers on the right, and
of fusileers on the left, each company being composed of sixty men, rank and file.
The captains carried pikes ; the lieutenants, partisans ; the ensigns, half-pikes, and the
sergeants, halberds. Each infantry soldier was armed with a musket and a sword, and
the grenadiers carried hand-grenades, which they lighted and threw among their
opponents.

During the reign of Cromwell, the people of Massachusetts managed their affairs
with very little interruption from the mother country. Mr. Hutchinson says he has
" nowhere met with any marks of disrespect to the memory of the late King, and there
is no room to suppose the colonists were under disaffection to his son ; and if they
feared his restoration, it was because they expected a change in religion, and that a
persecution of all non-conformists would follow it."

Cromwell had conquered Ireland, and while considering how to keep it in sub-
jection, he thought of the Puritans in New England, and made overtures to them to
recross the water and occupy " the Green Isle " as its proprietors by right of conquest.
The General Court did not receive the proposition with favor, and directed Gov.
Endicott to reply that the people of Massachusetts " were enjoying health, plenty, peace,
and the liberty and ordinances of the gospel, and an opportunity for spreading the
knowledge of it among savages ; and that, content with these blessings, they had no
desire to change their abode."

The new members recruited in 1653-4 were : Jonathan Gilbert, Thomas Lake,
Evan Thomas.

Jonathan Gilbert (1653), of Hadley, innkeeper, came from England and settled
in Hartford, Conn. He married, Jan. 29, 1646, Mary, daughter of John White. His
wife died Dec. 15, 1649, and in 1650 he married Mary Welles, of Hadley, to which
place he had removed. He was a man of distinction, and was for many years marshal
of the colony. He died Dec. 10, 1682, aged sixty-four years. His eldest daughter
became the wife of Andrew Belcher, and mother of Gov. Jonathan Belcher.

Thomas Lake (1653), of Boston, came from London to New Haven, and there
married the daughter of the deputy-governor of that colony. He was admitted a free-
man in 1641 ; was selectman from 1658 to 1676; an eminent merchant, and member
of the Second Church. He purchased in 1654, from John Richards (1644), half of
"Arousick" Island, in the Kennebec River, where he occasionally resided, and for many
years "had a traHing house, near which he was killed by the Indians, against whom Capt.
Lake (1653) commanded an expedition. His bones remained long unburied, but
were afterwards discovered and deposited on Copp's Hill, where his gravestone says :
" An eminently faithful servant of God, and one of a public spirit — was previously slain

Thomas Lake (1653'). Authorities: New "[1676-7] March 13. Capt Lake, the Remain-

Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1849, 1850, 1851, 1S71 ; der of his Corps, was honorably buried." — Sewall's- '

Mather's Magnalia; Copp's Hill Burial-Ground, by Diary, Vol. /., /. 38. I

Bridgman.

>3k^

176 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1654-5

by the Indians at Kennebec, August 14th 1676, and here is interred, March 13th
following." His inventory amounted to nearly twenty-five hundred pounds.

He was third sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1654, ensign in 1660, lieutenant
in 1661, and captain in 1662 and 1674. His daughter, Ann, was the wife of Rev. John
Cotton, and afterward of Rev. Increase Mather, whom she also survived.

Evan Thomas (1653), of Boston in 1640, came from Wales; was "taken into con-
sideration as a resident" of Boston, Oct. 26, 1640, and was admitted an inhabitant
Jan. 25, 1 64 1. He was admitted to the First Church April 4, 1641, and became a
freeman the 2d of June following. He was a vintner, had a good property, and died
Aug. 25, 1661.

He and Thomas Lake (1653) were anti-tariff men in 1655, according to Drake's
History of Boston, p. 340, and were opposed to any duty on beer. , He assisted in the
impressment of thirty-two soldiers for the expedition against Hmigret in 1654, and was
paid by the town for his service. In 1660, Oct. 25, the selectmen voted to allow him
to keep a house of "publick intertainment for the yeare ensuing," and Oct. 27, .1661,
his widow was permitted " to draw beere till April next," according to the grant made
to her late husband. Her license was renewed in 1662, and repeatedly afterward, for
in 167 1 she is allowed to draw beer and keep a house of public entertainment. Savage
says, " The widow seems to have been less acceptable in her control of the business at
the Kings Arms public house, for she was warned to leave town as late as 1672, and not
restored before 1676." In May, 1680, she relieved the tavern of a mortgage of three
hundred pounds, and died in 1697.

The ofificers elected were : Edward Gibbons (1637), captain; Edward
T P) C^- CT^ Hutchinson (1638), lieutenant; Joshua Hewes (1637), ensign. John

«->' I «-^ Barrell (1643) was first sergeant; Nathaniel Williams (1644), second
sergeant; Thomas Lake (1653), third sergeant; Richard Waite (1638), fourth sergeant,
and Thomas Clarke (1644), clerk.

Capt. John Leverett (1639) was commissioned by Gov. Endicott and the General
Court, as the agent of the colonists in England, to appear for them and to act in their
behalf "in all matters of concernment to them before His Highness, the Lord Protector
of the Commonwealths of England, Scotland, Ireland, and His Honourable Council
there." He had been a commissioner to confer with Gov. Stuyvesant, of the New
Netherlands, concerning a rumor of a plot between the Dutch at New Amsterdam and
the Mohawks. On stating the case to Cromwell, Major Sedgwick (1637) and Capt.
Leverett (1639) received from him a commission to raise five hundred volunteers in
New England for an expedition against the Dutch at New Amsterdam, and he returned
to Boston with four ships and a few troops. They had a long passage, and were imme-
diately followed by news of a peace between England and Holland, which put an end
to the expedition. Cromwell next proposed that Jamaica, which he had wrested from
Spain, should be colonized with the Puritans of New England.

Daniel Gookin (1645), formerly a Kentish soldier, who had first emigrated to
Virginia, and who went thence to Massachusetts, was then in London. Cromwell sent

Evan Thomas (1653). Authorities : Boston Records; Savage's Gen. Diet.

1654-5] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 1 77

him home with propositions to the people of New England to emigrate to his new
possessions, over which Major John Sedgwick (1637), of Massachusetts, was to be
Governor. "The Lord High Protector did apprehend," he said, "that the people of
New England had as clear a call to transport themselves from thence to Jamaica,
as they had from England to New England, in order to their bettering their outward
condition, God having promised his people should be the head and not the tail ; besides
that design had his tendency to the overthrow of the man of sin." He offered them
land on the easiest terms, immunity from taxes and customs for a period of years,
and other inducements. But he proposed himself to appoint their highest magistrate,
and this alone would have been an insurmountable obstacle, had there been no other, to
their acceptance of his offer. The General Court returned " their thankful acknowledg-
ment of his Highness's favor, and assured him that he should always have their prayers" ;
but, with periphrastic phraseology such as they could trust him to understand, they
declined to go to the West Indies.

The expedition against the Dutch having failed, the two commanders turned their
attention against the French at the eastward. " It was a time of peace," says Hutch-
inson, "between the two nations, but the English had good right to the country."

The new members recruited in 1654-5 were : William Avery, Peter Duncan,
Richard Fairbanks, Elias Maverick, John Severne.

William Avery (1654), of Dedham, an apothecary and physician, was admitted a
citizen of that town Jan. i, 1650. He was called sergeant in 1655, was a lieutenant of
the company at Dedham in 1673, and was admitted a freemaf* in 1677. It is possible
he was the bookseller mentioned by Thomas in his History, Vol. II., p. 411, whose will
is in the probate records, but certainly he represented Springfield in the Legislature
of 1669. He died at Boston, March 18, 1686-7, ^ged about sixty-six years, and was
buried in Dedham, in the Ancient Burial-Place, Range XIV., No. 29, or in King's Chapel
Burial-Ground, Boston, — both places record his burial.

Peter Duncan (1654), of Dorchester, son of Capt. Nathaniel Duncan (i63S),of
Dorchester, and brother of Nathaniel (1642), came to America with his parents in 1630.
He removed to Gloucester and there settled.

Richard Fairbanks (1654), of Boston, where he arrived in 1633, having crossed
the ocean in the " Griffin " with Rev. Mr. Cotton. He joined the First Church the
same day as Elder Leverett (October, 1633), the father of John Leverett (1639) ; was
admitted a freeman May 14, 1634, and in November, 1637, was disarmed for his
adhesion to the cause of Mr. Wheelwright. Within two years after, he was made, by
the same government, the first receiver of all letters from abroad for the whole colony.
He was elected "pound keeper" in 1637. In 1652, he sold his house to Robert Turner
(1640). It was on a lot next to Robert Keayne's (1637), where the Blue Anchor Tavern
afterward was erected. He was second sergeant of the Company in 1656.

William Avery (1654). Authorities: New He was buried Monday, March 21.

Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1847; King's Chapel Peter Duncan (1654). .Vuthoritv: Savage's

Burial-Ground, by Bridgman; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Gen. Diet.

Dedham Register, 1S92, p. 159; Dedham Records, Richard Fairbanks 0654). .Authorities:

Vol. H., p. 277; Vol. HI., pp. 179, 221. Boston Records; Savage's Gen. Diet.

"[1686-7] March iS. Dr. \Vm Avery dyes."
— Scwall Papers, Vol. I., p. 170.

1/8 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1655-6

Elias Maverick (1654), of Charlestown in 1632, joined the church there in Feb-
ruary, 1633, and became a freeman June 11 of the same year. He afterward lived at
Winnisimmet, now Chelsea. " He died at Charlestown," says his gravestone in the
old burial-ground in Charlestown, " September 8, 1684, aged 80 years." He was first
sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1658.

The winter of 1633 was severe, and the small-pox added to the terror of the
Indians. Sagamore John, a friend of the whites, died on the 5th of December, and his
people died so fast that Elias Maverick (1654) buried above thirty in one day ; and when
their own Indian friends deserted them, Elias Maverick (1654), his wife, and servants,
went daily to them, administered to their necessities, and cared for their children.

John Severne (1654). As but one John Severne, or Severance, is found in 1654
on the records of the towns of Massachusetts Bay, it is probable that this is the same
person who joined the Military Company of the Massachusetts in 1641.

Rev. Thomas Thaoher, of Weymouth, afterward of Boston, was the preacher of
theArtillery sermon in 1654 and 1671. He was born in Salisbury, England, May i, 1620,
and was well educated at the grammar school, but preferred " the meannesses of America"
to an attendance at Oxford or Cambridge. He embarked for New England, and arrived
at Boston June 4, 1635. He fortunately came under the tuition of Mr. Charles Chauncy,
who was afterwards president of Harvard College. He pursued his studies ; was married
May II, 1643; w^s ordained Jan. 2, 1644, and settled in Weymouth. In May, 1669,
at the formation of the Third Church, or Old South, in Boston, he became its first
pastor, and continued as such until his death, Oct. 15, 1678.

y y- The officers elected were : Francis Norton (1643), captain; Roger

J Q C C"Q. Clap (1646), lieutenant; William Phillips (1644), ensign. Daniel Fisher

^•^ (1640) was first sergeant; Richard Woodde (1642), second sergeant;

John Gore {1638), clerk, and John Audlin (1638), armorer.

Capt. Robert Keayne (1637), the founder of the Artillery Company, died at Boston
on the 23d of March, 1656, and was doubtless buried with such martial pomp as was
customary in those days ; for, he said in his will, " to declare my affections to that
[military] exercise & the society of souldiers, I shall desire to be buryed as a souldier in
a Military way ... if the time and place may suit thereunto," which was left to his
executors and friends to determine.

His voluminous will reveals prominent traits. He was thoughtful, wise, generous,
and forgiving. He remembered public interests and private friendships. The church,
the college, the free school, the town and its needs, the Artillery Company, and public
library were thoughtfully remembered ; yet neither the town nor city — while recogniz-
ing others of less beneficence and worth — raises an effigy or slab to express its gratitude
to its first princely benefactor. The place of his interment is not known, but his memory
should be cherished by every member of the Artillery Company.

The new members recruited in 1655-6 were : Thomas Bell, Jr., and John Webb.

Elias Maverick (1654). Authorities : Sav- Mather's Magnalia; Sprague's Annals of American
age's (',en. Did.; .Sumner's Hist, of East Boston. Pulpit; Hill's Hist, of the Old South Church;

Rev. Thomas Thacher. Authorities: Eliot's Biog. Diet.

S****;

NORTH BATTERY.

'656-7] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 1 79

Thomas Bell, Jr. (1655.) He was not the son of Thomas Bell (1643). That
Thomas, Jr., was born in Boston, Aug. 3, 1642. Thomas Bell, Jr. (1655), was probably
the Thomas Bell who testified in 1681 in regard to the Lynn iron-works, and said he
was fifty years of age ; but no more is known about him.

John Webb (1655) was a brazier, who, according to Boston Records, "was
Admitted to Inhabitt in the Towne six Months, and if he behave himself well, for
Lounger Tyme," on the 24th of November, 1651. He is subsequently referred to in the
records of Boston as Ensign John Webb. He was a constable in Boston in 1655, was
clerk of the Military Company of the Massachusetts in 1656, and ensign in 1660. He
was ensign in the militia in 1657.

Rev. Peter Hobart, of Hingham, was the preacher of the Artillery sermon in 1655.
He was born at Hingham, Norfolk County, England, Oct. 13, 1604. He attended the
free school at Lynn, and was admitted into Magdalen College, Cambridge, England,
where he received the degrees of A. B. in 1625 and A. M. in 1629. He entered the
ministry, and came to New England, arriving at Charlestown, Mass., June 8, 1635.
In September following, he settled in Hingham among old friends. He continued as
the pastor of the church there for forty-four years, and died Jan. 20, 1679.

^ -. The officers elected were: James Oliver (1640), captain; William

J Q CQ"y ^ Hudson (1640), lieutenant; John Barrell (1643), ensign. Alexander

"^ ' Adams (1652) was first sergeant; Richard Fairbanks (1654), second
sergeant; John Webb (1655), clerk.

Aug. 28, 1656, the selectmen ordered "that the North battery bee forthwith
repaired," and the disbursements therefor were made by Capt. James Oliver (1640),
Peter Oliver (1643), William Davis (1643), and William Paddy (1652), members of
the board of selectmen.

This battery, Drake says, stood " at the lower part of the north end of the town, and
it was not demolished until after the War of Independence. The site was then converted
into a wharf for the accommodation of ships and merchandise, and it still bears the
name of Battery Wharf. This was a very important point, as it commanded a great
extent of the harbor, and much expense was laid out, early [in] this year, to put it in a
condition to be of service in case an enemy should appear."

The new members recruited in 1656-7 were: William Beamsley and Nicholas
Clarke.

William Beamsley (1656), of Boston in 1632, joined the First Church April 5,
163s, and was admitted to be a freeman May 25, 1636. The church records call him
" Labourer." He bought of William Phillips (1644) a shore lot, near Merry's Point, and
"wharfed out" in 1650. He was granted sixteen acres of land, 1637, near Muddy
River, and in 1641 " bro. Beamsley [1656]" was paid by the town for ten rods of

Rev. Peter Hobart. Authorities: Mather's William Beamsley (1656). Authorities:

Magnalia; Sprague's Annals of American Pulpit; New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1855 (will) ; Boston
Lincoln's Hist, of Hingham. Records; Savage's Gen. Diet.

l8o HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1657-S

causeway built by him at Rumney Marsh. He was a constable of the town in 1647, and
in 1649 was ordered " to remove away his oyster shells from the Towne's hye way before
his dore." He was appointed on important committees by the selectmen, but was fined
ten shillings for harboring a person without leave.

He died Sept. 29, 1658. His will, made Sept. 14, was proved Oct. 28, 1658.

Nicholas Clarke (1656). He was first sergeant of the Military Company of the
Massachusetts in 1657, beyond which nothing has been discovered, unless he is the
Nicholas Clarke who arrived in Boston Sept. 16, 1632, settled in Cambridge, and before
1639 sold his property there and removed to Hartford, Conn. He died July 2, 1680.

Rev. Richard Mather, of Dorchester, delivered the Artillery sermon in 1656. He
was born in Lowton, Lancaster County, England, in 1596. He attended school at
Winwick ; at fifteen years of age was a school-master, and when twenty-two began preach-
ing at Toxteth. May 23, 1635, he set sail from Bristol for New England, and after a
stormy passage arrived at Boston Aug. 17, 1635. He soon proceeded to Dorchester,
gathered another church, and Aug. 23, 1636, Mr. Mather was settled over it as pastor
and teacher. There he remained during nearly thirty-four years. He died at Dor-
chester, April 22, 1669, at the age of seventy-three years.

He was a person of great authority in the early churches of New England, the father
of Increase Mather, and grandfather of Cotton Mather, the head of a family which for
nearly a century filled no second place in the church of New England.

, p. The officers elected were: Edward Hutchinson (1638), captain;

J (~) CV-Q^ William Phillips (1644), lieutenant; Joshua Scottow (1645), ensign.

«-^' Nicholas Clarke (1656) was first sergeant; Hezekiah Usher (1638),

second sergeant; William Cotton (1650), clerk.

An inventory of the estate of Miles Standish, Plymouth's great captain, returned to
the court in 1657, shows that he had been the possessor of "One fowling piece, three
muskets, four carbines, two small guns, one old barrell, one sword, one cutles,
three belts, cesers comenteryes and Bariffs Artillery." Nearly every early colonial
home was from necessity an arsenal.

It does not appear that any members were enlisted this year, and but few were
during the years immediately before and after. " It will be recollected," says Mr.
Whitman (1810), "that this was during the Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell. The
Commonwealth in England furnished better employment for men of military talents than
the wilderness of New England. Possessed, as the Dissenters were, of church and state
few inducements were offered for emigration, and more returned to England than came
to New England."

The will of Capt. Robert Keayne (1637) was probated May 2, 1656. His son,
Major Benjamin Keayne (1638), was appointed in the will sole executor. Capt. Keayne
(1637) also appointed his "honored and loving friends," Mr. Simon Bradstreet, Major-
Gen. Denison (1660), Mr. William Hibbins, Mr. Edward Winslow, Rev. John Wilson,

Rev. Richard Mather. Authokities: Math- Annals of American Tulpit; Histories of Dor-
er's Magnalia; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Sprague's Chester.

1657-8]

HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY.

Rev. Mr. Norton, Mr. Edward Rawson, and Lieut. Johnson (1638), overseers of his will.
Major Benjamin Keayne (1638) went to England in 1644, entered the service of Crom-
well, and probably did not return to America.

From 1656 to 167 1, when the conduit was removed, the overseers in charge of the
estate were probably Simon Bradstreet, Daniel Denison (1660), Edward Rawson, and
James Johnson (1638).

Dec. 29, 1656, the selectmen voted, "It is agreed that the next day of our [town]
meeting some time bee spent to consider of Capt Keayne's [1637] will in respect of the
legacyes to the towne."

At the next general town meeting, held March g, 1656-7, Capt. Thomas Savage
(1637), Anthony Stoddard (1639), Jeremiah Howchin (1641), and Edward Hutchinson
(1638), were "chosen a committee to consider of the modell of the towne house, to bee
built, as concerning the charge thereof, and the most convenient place, as also to take
the subscriptions of the inhabitants to propagate such a building and seasonably to make
report to a publick townes meeting." All the members of this committee were members
of the Military Company of the Massachusetts.

The above committee probably reported to the town, because, Aug. 31, 1657,
Thomas Marshall (1640), Samuel Cole (1637), William Paddy (1652), Joshua Scottow
(1645), and Jeremiah Howchin (1641), having had "full power given" them "by the
town of Boston," made choice of Edward Hutchinson (1638) and John Hull (1660) as
commissioners to superintend the erection of the town-house. It will be noticed that all
the members of the second committee, and the building commissioners also, were
members of the Military Company of the Massachusetts.

The commissioners entered into an agreement with Thomas Joy, who joined the
Artillery Company in 1658, and Bartholomew Bernad, for the erection of the desired
building for the sum of four hundred pounds. The total cost of the town-house and
conduit was six hundred and eighty pounds.

The building was sixty-six feet long, thirty-six feet wide, set upon twenty-one pillars,
ten feet high, projecting three feet over the pillars on each side. There was a walk on
the top, fifteen feet wide, with two turrets and balusters, and rails around the walk.
The agreement gives a minute description of the building.

Capt. Keayne's (1637) legacy was three hundred pounds ; three hundred and ninety-
three pounds and six shillings were pledged by the citizens of Boston. This latter sum
was subscribed by one hundred and twenty-four persons, of whom the following were,
at that time or later, members of the Military Company of the Massachusetts : —

Edward Tyng . . .

(1642),

^10

Joshua Scottow .

• (1645),

John Evered (Webb) .

(1643),

William Hudson

. (1640),

Peter Oliver . . . .

(1643),

Hezekiah Usher

. (1638),

John Barren . . . .

(1643).

John Coggan

. (1638),

James Oliver . . .

(1640),

John Hull . .

. (1660),

Richard Parker . . .

(1638),

Thomas Clarke .

- (163S),

Nathaniel Williams

(1644),

Robert Turner .

. (.640),

Theodore Atkinson

(1644),

William Davis .

. (1643),

■5

Thomas Hawkins . .

(1649),

'Jacob Sheafe ".

. (1648),

Richard Cooke . . .

(1643).

3 lo^'-

Thomas Lake .

• (1653).

Samuel Hutchinson .

(1652),

Isaac Walker

. (1676),

l82

HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND

[1657-8

Thomas Edsall . .

(1652),

lOS.

Henry Messinger .

(1658),

Richard Gridley

(1658),

£2

Thomas Bumstead .

(1647), £1

John Button . . .

(1643),

Samuel Cole . . .

(1637), 2

John Coney . . .

(1662),

iSs.

Henry Bridgham .

(1644), 10

Richard Waite . .

(163S),

Nathaniel Reynolds

(1658), I

Richard Woodde .

(1642),

James Davis . . .

(1651),

William Paddy . .

(1652),

Daniel Turell . .

(1660), I

Thomas Makepeace

(1638),

Edmund Jackson .

(1646), I

Joshua Hewes . .

(1637),

I OS.

James Johnson . .

(1638), 2

Henry Phillips . .

(1640),

Henry Powning

(1677), 2

Thomas Brattle . .

(•675),

Humphrey Bradshaw

■ (1642),

John Biggs . . .

(1641),

Nathaniel Duncan .

(1638), 2

Henry Allen . . .

(1658),

Peter Duncan

• (1654), I

Hugh Drury . . .

(1659),

i6s.

Forty-nine of the one hundred and twenty-four persons who subscribed were
members of the Military Company of the Massachusetts. Those forty-nine persons
subscribed two hundred and thirty pounds and eleven shillings, or nearly two thirds
of the entire amount.

The town-house was probably completed and occupied in 1658. March 28, 1659,
the selectmen voted that no one should smoke, or bring a fire or match, under or about
the town-house, except in case of military exercise.

In 1666, Robert Gibbs, father of Robert (1692), obtained a lease of the cellar under
the town-house, and in 1664, Thomas Lake (1653) and Hezekiah Usher (1665) occupied
the east end of the cellar. In 1678, Samuel Shrimpton (1670) bought Capt. Lake's
(1653) interest of the latter's widow, and obtained an extension of the lease for
thirty-nine years.

Oct. 9, 1667, the Legislature ordered "the necessary full and suitable repair of the
Town and Court House in Boston, founded by the late Captain Robert Keayne," the
expense to be paid, one half by the colony, one quarter by the county of Suffolk, and one
quarter by the town of Boston.

In the "Re-dedication of the Old State House," July 11, 1882, Mr. WilHam H.
Whitmore, in his address, gives a minute history of the buildings which have stood at
the head of State Street, called " Old Town House " and " Old State House."

"About 7 or 8 o'clock, of the night between the 2d and 3d of October, 171 1," a fire
broke out in Cornhill (now Washington Street), near the meeting-house of the First
Church. It consumed all the houses from School Street to Dock Square ; all the upper
part of (now) State Street, together with the old town-house and the old meeting-house.
Thus ended the first town-house in Boston, to which Capt. Robert Keayne (1637),
and members of the military company which he founded, so largely contributed.

Up to this time, there is no record of any by-laws, agreeable to the provisions of the
charter, adopted by the Artillery Company. As Mr. Whitman (1810) well observes, "It
is presumed that Keayne [1637], the founder and patron of the Company, was, during
his life, their lawgiver and oracle, but he died, March 23, 1656, and they saw the necessity
soon after, of establishing rules for their government." This was done in September,
1657. These do not appear to have been sanctioned by the Governor and council, or

1657-8] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 1 83

General Court, until September, 1677, of which the following is a copy from the colony
records : —

" It is ordered by the Artillery Company in Boston, September 7th, 1657 —

"ist. That whereas there is an agreement to order, that every member of this
Company is to pay four shillings per year for their quarterages, into the hand of the
Clerk; — that whatsoever is due from any of the Company, shall be paid within one
month into his hands who is the present Clerk.

" 2d. It is further ordered by the Company, that for the time to come, every one
who is a member of the Company, shall pay into the hands of the Clerk, upon the
election days, or before, his quarterages for the year past.

"3d. It is further ordered by the Company, that the training days for this Com-
pany be five yearly, and they to be on the first Mondays of April, May, June, September,
and October, yearly ; and that every officer and soldier is to appear at their colours by
eight of the clock in the morning : and if the Monday prove foul, the Friday after is
appointed.

"4th. It is further ordered by the Company, that if any shall neglect to appear in
arms four training days together, and not give an account of it to the satisfaction of the
Company, he shall then pay to the Company what is due, both for fines and quarterages,
and have his name put out of the rolls, and no more to be accounted a member of the
Company.

"Sth. It is further ordered by the Company, that if any be chosen to any office
in the Company, and hath not borne an higher office in the Company before, and shall
refuse to hold the office he is chosen to, he shall pay what arrears he is behind to the
Company, and have his name put out of the Company's roll, and no longer be acknowl-
edged a member of the Company.

" 6th. It is further ordered by the Company, that the Clerk, without any further
order, shall have full power to distrain for any fine, or quarterages, due to the Company,
which shall be unpaid one month after they are due.

"7th. It is further ordered by the Company, that the Clerk shall, every training
day, bring the book of the Company's Orders into the field, that it may be there, not
only to call over the Company, but to enter any who is admitted, and enter any orders
which shall be made.

" Sth. It is further ordered by the Company, that the Clerk's accounts, yearly,
shall, after the day of election, and before the next training day in September, be audited
by those who were commissioned officers the year past, with the Captain and Clerk
new chosen, that accounts may be delivered into the new Clerks hands.

" 9th. It is further ordered by the Company, that whereas no town training is to
be upon Artillery days, yet the Commander of the Artillery may have liberty to request
so much favor of any Captain, and he not be a transgressor of the order, to grant it to
meet with his Company upon such days with the Artillery, for the better helping forward
of discipline in the Company.

" loth. It is further ordered by the Company, that a perfect, list shall be taken of
members of the Company, and being perfected, shall be called over every training day.
It is also desired by the Company, that these several orders may be presented by Major
Atherton to the Council for their approbation of them, that so they may carry more
authority with them."

I §4 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1658-9

"April 5th, 1675. It was then voted by the Artillery Company, that the orders of
the Company be presented by Thomas Clark, Esq., to the General Court or Council,
for their confirmation.

"John Morse, Clerk.

"The Court, having perused the above written orders of the Artillery Company, do
allow and approve thereof.

" Attest : " Edward Rawson, Secretary."

Rev. Henry Flint, of Braintree, who delivered the Artillery sermon of 1657, came
from Matlock, in Derbyshire, England, to Boston, in 1635. He became a freeman May
25, 1636; was ordained March 17, 1640; married Margery, a sister of Rev. Leonard
Hoar, president of Harvard College, and was settled in Braintree, where he died
April 27, 1668.

^ ^ The officers elected were: Humfrey Atherton (1638), captain;

JQkQ'Q^James Johnson (1638), lieutenant, and Peter Oliver (1643), ensign.

»-^ -^ Elias Maverick (1654) was first sergeant; John Richards (1644), second

sergeant; William Cotton (1650), clerk; Thomas Dwaite, drummer, and John Audlin

(1638), armorer.

The new members recruited in 1658-9 were : Henry Allenj Richard Baker, Joseph
Belknap, William Dinsdale, Richard Gridley, Thomas Joy, Hudson Leverett, Simon
Lynde, Samuel Maverick, Henry Messinger, Richard Price, Nathaniel Reynolds, Joseph
Rock, John Sunderland, Richard Woodcock.

Henry Allen (1658), of Boston, was a carpenter. He joined the church in May,
1644, and became a freeman in 1648. He was a constable of Boston in 1656. Nov.
29, 1661, at a meeting of the selectmen (six members of the board present, and all
members of the Military Company of the Massachusetts), liberty was granted Richard
Gridley (1658) and Henry Allen (1658) "to erect a wind-mill at the point before Abel
Porters house and to enjoy the land upon the sea side, . . . they paying yearly every
first of March to the Town Treasurer, two bushels of wheat." In 1672, he is called
"deacon" in the records of Boston. He served as selectman eleven years, 1677-87, and
was often on important town committees. On the board of selectmen, he took the
place of Capt. Thomas Lake (1653), ^^ho was killed by the Indians Aug. 14, 1676.
He represented Rowley in the General Court in 1674. In 1685, he, withlxnier promi-
nent citizens of Boston, paid the Indians in cancellation of their claim to Deer Island,
Boston Neck, etc., and a deed of the same was given by the Indian chiefs to the town.

Mr. Allen (1658) died Jan. 6, 1696, leaving a large estate, but no will.

Rev. Henry Flint. ^f^uxHORiTiES: Mather's Charlestown." Capt. John Allen united with the

Magnalia; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Hist, of Braintree. Company in 1639. The above name in the roll

Henry Allen (1658). Authorities: Boston is " Sergt Allen," and his surety is Edward

Records; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Drake's Hist, of Hutehinson. This would indicate that Mr. Allen

Boston. was a eitizen of Boston, and from the relations of

Mr. Whitman (1810), in his History of the Mr. Henry Allen and Mr. Hutchinson, in town

Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, Edition affairs, the name " Henry " has been substituted for

of 1842, calls this person "Capt. John Allen of "John."

'658-9! HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 1 85

Richard Baker (165S), of Dorchester, arrived in America from England, Nov. 28,
1635. He joined the Dorchester church Nov. 4, 1639, and was admitted a freeman May
18, 1642. He was early granted land; was one of the raters in 1647, 1650, and 1660;
selectman in 1653 ; constable in 1663 ; was once chosen a ruling elder, but it does not
appear that he accepted the office. He died Oct. 25, 1689.

The History of Dorchester, from which the above facts are learned, says, " He lived
in the part of the town now known as Savin Hill, and was owner of a large real estate in
Dorchester, a piece of which is now [1S59] in possession of his descendants, near his
homestead, at the place mentioned."

He married Faith, daughter of Henry Withington, the ruling elder of the Dor-
chester church.'

Joseph Belknap (1658), of Boston, was a son of Abraham Belknap, who settled in
Lynn in 1637, and removed to Salem. Joseph (1658) was born in England, came
to America with his parents, and settled in Boston. He was admitted a freeman in
1665, and was one of the founders of the Old South Church in 1669, from which he took
a letter of dismission to the Hatfield church. He lived in Hatfield from 1682 to 1696,
then came back to Boston.

June 29, 1657, the selectmen let to Joseph Belknap (1658) a small piece of ground
for eight shillings per year. His lease of it was renewed in 1662 for twenty-one years,
and in 1696 was renewed again for a term not exceeding ninety-nine years.

In 1689, he was chosen clerk of the market; in 1690, a tithing-man ; in 1691,3
constable, and was continued in minor town offices for several years. He held the office
of fourth sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1679. His son, Joseph, joined the Artil-
lery Company in 1692.

Sergt. Belknap (1658) died Nov. 14, 1712, aged eighty-two years.

William Dinsdale (1658), of Boston, was admitted a freeman in 1657. His house
and garden were on Milk Street, nearly opposite the present post-office. The Boston
Town Records first mention him, March 14, 1652-3, as follows: "William Dinsdall and
Isack Collimore, is chosen to look to Cariages and Wheels of the great artilliry, and to
.be payd by the seleckt men." He was chosen by the selectmen packer of " fish and
meat," in 1653, and was annually selected until 1679-80.

In 1663, he was aged forty-seven years, at which time he hired an island in Boston
Harbor of John Leverett (1639), for seven years. He died at Barbadoes in :68i, aged
sixty-five years.

Richard Gridley (1658), of Boston as early as 1631, was admitted a freeman April
I, 1634. His residence was on the southeast corner of Summer Street and Cow Lane,
or High Street, and his pasture extended east to Fort Hill It was on this estate first
mentioned that Capt. Samuel Adams, the father of Samuel Adams, lived, and here, in

Joseph Belknap (1658). Authorities : New New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1S47; .Savage's

Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1852, 1859; Boston Gen. Diet.; Boston Records.
Records; Hill's Hist, of Old South Church. Richard Gridley (1658). Authorities : -Sav-

"[1712. Nov.] iS. Tuesday. Mr Belknap age's Gen. Diet.; Boston Records,
buried. Joseph was invited by Gloves, and had a ' See New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Keg., 1889, p.

scarf given him there, which is the first." — 5<-.w// 279 cl seq , Art., Genealogy of Kichanl Baker, by

Papers, Vol. II., pp. 367, 36S. Edward J. Baker.

William Dinsdale (1658). Authorities:

l86 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1658-9

1722, the latter was born. Richard Gridley (1658) was a captain in the militia, and a
subscriber toward the free school established in Boston, Aug. 12, 1636. He was disarmed
in November, 1637, being a supporter of Mr. Wheelwright. His three children, born
after the last-mentioned event, were named Return, Believe, and Tremble. He furnished
bricks for the fortification at Fort Hill. He held town offices, and for several years was
water-bailiff with Alexander Adams (1652). His sons. Believe and Joseph, joined the
Artillery Company in 1662.

In the Boston Town Records, Richard Gridley (1658) calls himself a " Bricke-
maker." His will of Oct. 19, 1674, was proved the next month.

Thomas Joy (1658), of Boston in 163S, was a house carpenter. In the year 1642,
he was permitted " to set up an howse over his sellar by the water side, in the common
way by his dwelling howse in the milfield." This was on the southeasterly side of
Copp's Hill. Thomas Joy (1658) and partner built the first town-house, — which resulted
from a legacy by Capt. Keayne (1637), — and were voted by the selectmen, Jan. 28,
1661, six hundred and eighty pounds in full. For a short time, he resided in Hingham,
and built the Hingham Mills.

Nov. 27, 1676, a great fire occurred in Boston, "at the North end of the town,"
which consumed forty-six dwelling-houses, besides a meeting-house and other buildings.
Among the former was that of Thomas Joy (1658). In an attempt to widen the streets
after the fire, there were differences between Thomas Joy (1658) and the selectmen,
which were settled by referees, Aug. i, 1677.

At the time of the church troubles in Boston in 1646, several members of the
Artillery Company were prominent, especially Thomas Fowle (1639) and David Yale
(1640). The trouble got into the courts; the petitioners for a larger liberty were
convicted, fined, or imprisoned. Mr. Drake, in his History of Boston, p. 297, in
explaining this contention, says, "Thomas Joy [1658], a young carpenter, for some
kind offices to the prisoners, and inquiring of the marshal when he went to search
Mr. Dand's study, if his warrant were in the King's name, ' was laid hold on, and kept
in irons four or five days,' which was sufficient to extort a confession of wrong on his
part, as it allowed him to return to the care of his family, ' upon reasonable bail.' Thus,
arbitrary power shows its strength and importance, when those in the more humble
walks of life are accidentally or otherwise thrown within its insolent grasp."

Thomas Joy (1658) was admitted to be a freeman in 1665, and died Oct. 21, 167S.
His son, Samuel, joined the Artillery Company in 1665.

Hudson Leverett (1658), the only son of Gov. John (1639) and Hannah (Hudson)
Leverett who grew to manhood, was born in Boston, May 3, 1640. He was never
admitted to be a freeman, nor did he attain any distinction in the church, which in his
time was the first step to all preference. He married (i) Sarah, daughter of Bezaleel
Peyton, who died June 7, 1679, ^nd (2) about 1692, Elizabeth Myham, a widow, who
survived him, and died Dec. 16, 1714. Though the son of a past commander of the
Artillery Company, he never held any office in the organization except that of clerk, in

Thomas Joy (1658). Authorities: Boston Hudson Leverett (165S). Authorities: Sav-

Records; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Savage's Edition of age's Edition of Winthrop's Hist, of New Eng. ; New
Winthrop's Hist, of New Eng. Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., i S50.

165S-9] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 1 87

1662-3. Hutchinson, I., 323, says, he "did not support the reputation of his father."
He was crier of the court at quarter-sessions in June, 1687.

He died in the summer of 1694. The will of Hudson Leverett (165S) is on file
in the probate office of Suffolk County, No. 1986, but is not recorded ; it is dated Oct.
10, 1692. His son, John, was the eighth president of Harvard College, and joined the
Artillery Company in 1 704.

Simon Lynde (1658), of Boston in 1650, was born in London, England, in June,
1624. He was bred to trade in Holland, and after coming to Boston and residing here
several years, — 1650 to 1670, — he returned to London and was engaged in business. He
married, in Boston, Feb. 22, 1653, Hannah Newgate. In Boston Town Records,
April 27, 1655, he first appears as being in arrears to the town forty shillings, for four
years' rent. He was a constable in 1659. He was clerk of the .Artillery Company in
1661, first sergeant in 1669, and was a soldier in King Philip's War. In 1672, he
was interested as a land speculator in planting a colony near Stonington, Conn. He
died Nov. 22, 1687.

Samuel Maverick (1658), of Boston, was found here on Noddles Island, in 1630,
by the Massachusetts Company. There is no record of the time of his arrival. By his
deposition, made Dec. 9, 1665, we learn that he was born in 1602. He had fortified
his island home with four small pieces of artillery prior to Mr. Winthrop's visit, in 1630.
He became a freeman Oct. 2, 1632. In 1635, being too much given to hospitality, he
was required to change his residence and move to the peninsula ; but the order was not
strictly enforced. The same year he went to Virginia to buy corn, and arrived home
with two vessels well laden, Aug. 3, 1636. In July, 1637, Samuel Maverick (1658)
entertained Lord Ley and Mr. Vane. Mr. Josselyn says that, July 10, 1638, he went
on shore upon Noddles Island to Mr. Samuel Maverick (1658), who was "the only
hospitable man in all the country; giving entertainment to all comers, gratis." In 1641,
he was prosecuted for receiving into his house persons who had escaped from prison in
Boston; but in 1645 ^^ made a loan to the town, that the fort on Castle Island might
be rebuilt. He was again prosecuted in 1646, and fined fifty pounds for signing a
petition of "a seditious character" to the General Court. In 1664, he was appointed
by the King a commissioner, to perfect peace in the colonies. His name occurs
repeatedly in the Records of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, but it does not appear
that Mr. Maverick (1658) ever held any position in the colonial militia.

Henry Messinger (1658), of Boston, was a joiner, and was admitted to be a free-
man in 1665. He received a grant of land, Jan. 27, 1640, at Muddy River. The Book

Simon Lynde (1658). Authorities: New continually, as their need require, from the southern

Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1866; Savage's Gen. Diet. part of the said island." — Records of Mass. Bay,

Samuel Maverick (1658). Authorities: /V. /., /. 104.

Sumner's Hist, of East Boston ; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Winnisimmet Ferry, both to Charlcstown and

New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1854; Savage's Boston, was also granted to him forever.

Edition of Winthrop's Hist, of New Eng.; Ehot's Mr. Whitman (1810) gives this name as James

Biog. Diet. Maverick. In the oldest copy of the roll, 1680, it

" [April 1, 1633.] Noddles Island is granted to is plainly written, "Mr SaniH Maverick." Thctran-

Mr. Samuel Maverick, to enjoy to him and his heirs script of 1745 gives the name as James Maverick,

forever, yielding and paying yearly at the general which led Air. Whitman (1810) into an error.

court to the governour for the time being, either a Henry Messinger (1658). Authoritiks :

fat wether, a fat hog, or £\o in money, and shall New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1S62; Savage's
give leave to Boston and charlestown to fetch wood Gen. Diet.

1 88 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1658-9

of Possessions locates Henry Messinger's (1658) house and garden. His lot was that
on which now stands the building of the Massachusetts Historical Society, and in part
that of the Boston Museum. His will of March 15, 1678, gave the estate to his wife,
who at her death gave it to their two sons. The father died previous to April 30, 1681,
when his estate was appraised. His son, Simeon, joined the Artillery Company in 1675.

Richard Price (1658), of Boston, married, Aug. 18, 1659, Elizabeth Cromwell, only
daughter of Thomas, whom Mr. Savage calls " the prosperous privateersman," and the
Memorial History of Boston designates as "the reformed freebooter." His name, with
that of Simon Lynde (1658) and twenty-four others, is attached to a petition to the
court, October, 1666, in favor of acknowledging the King's authority. He was a free-
man, with prefix of respect, in 1664.

Nathaniel Reynolds (1658), of Boston, was a son of Robert, of Watertown and
Boston, to whom Capt. Robert Keayne (1637) thus refers in his will: "Item, I give
unto our Brother Renolds, shoemaker, senior, Twenty shillings as a token of my respects
to him if he be living two yeares after my decease, not forgetting a word that he spake
publiquely & seasonably in the time of my distresse & other mens vehement opposition
against me."

He married, (i) Nov. 30, 1657, Sarah Dwight, of Dedham. She died July 8, 1663,
and he married, (2) before Feb. 21, 1666, Priscilla Brackett, of Boston. He was
admitted a freeman in 1665, and was in command of the garrison at Chelmsford in
1675-6. On Feb. 25 of that year, the inhabitants of that town petitioned the court to
allow him to remain for their protection. He was interested in the organization of the
town of Bristol, R. I., where he lived for a short time, but later returned to Boston.

May 12, 1675, ^^^ General Court confirmed Nathaniel Reynolds (1658) as lieu-
tenant of the foot company of Capt. William Hudson (1640).

April 27, 1691, the town of Boston granted liberty to Josiah Franklin to erect a
building eight feet square, upon the land belonging to Lieut. Nathaniel Reynolds (1658),
near the South Meeting-House.

He held town office, was constable in 1655, sealer of leather, or inspector of the
transportation of hides, from 1663 to 1692. He is in the Boston tax list of 1695, but
was then a resident of Bristol, R. I.

Joseph Rock (1658), of Boston in 1652, married (i) Elizabeth, daughter of John
Coggan (1638), which brought him a good estate. He married (2) Mary, daughter of
Rev. John Wilson, of Boston. He became a freeman in 1652, and was one of the
founders of the Third, or Old South, Church. He was elected constable of Boston,
March 14, 1653, and on the 4th of April was fined twenty shillings for not accepting
the office. On the i8th of the latter month, he was re-elected, and again was fined
twenty shillings for refusing to accept. In 1654, he served as clerk of the market, and
in 1655 was a constable. His will of Jan 18, 1683, was proved on the 3d of January
next following.

Nathaniel Reynolds (1658). Authorities: Joseph Rock (1658). Authorities: Hill's

New Eng. Hist, and Cen. Reg., 1855, 188S; Sav- Hist, of OIJ South Church; Savage's Gen. Diet.;
age's Gen. Diet.; Shurtleff's Topog. Des. of Boston. Boston Records.

l6S9-6o] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 1 89

John Sunderland (1658), of Boston, was a parchment maker ; became a member
of the First Church, April 9, 1643, and a freeman May 10 following. He was unfor-
tunate in business, and, in 1672, made a conveyance of his goods to John Vial, in trust,
for his wife and children. He removed to Eastham, and there died, Dec. 26, 1703, aged
eighty-five years. His will provided for his widow and children.

Richard Woodcock (1658), of Boston, is called in the Records of Massachusetts
Bay, Vol. IV., Part 2, "armorer" in 1661. He was then paid four pounds and nine
shillings for the repairing of the country's arms. He died Nov. 12, 1662.

Rev. John Mayo, of Boston, preached the annual Artillery sermon in 1658.
He came to America in 1638, was admitted a freeman March 3, 1640, and was
ordained to the gospel ministry, as colleague with Rev. John Lothrop, at Barnstable,
April 15, 1640. He removed to Eastham in 1646, where he preached until Nov. 9,
1655, when he was installed as pastor of the Second, or North, Church in Boston. He
held this relation until 1672, when physical infirmities obliged him to resign, and in
1673 he removed from Boston to Barnstable, to reside with his daughter. There, at
Yarmouthport, he spent the remainder of his days in peace and quiet, dying in May,
1676.

^ .' The officers elected were: Thomas Savage (1637), captain;

I ^Q"00. ^^^'"'^™ Davis (1643), lieutenant; Richard Sprague (163S), ensign.)

^ -^ Robert Turner (1640) was first sergeant; John Biggs (1641), second'

sergeant; William Cottoii (1650), clerk; Thomas Scottow, drummer, and John Audlin
(1638), armorer.

The colony was convulsed this year by the Quakers. A law was passed making it a
capital offence for a Quaker to return into any colony after being banished from it, a
threat that never before had failed of its desired effect. The first six Quakers who were
banished after its enactment departed and never returned, but Marmaduke Ste\enson,
having heard of it in Barbadoes, came to Rhode Island, and with his friend, William
Robinson, announced that he was commanded to come to Boston and lay down his Hfe.

Capt. Edward Hutchinson (1638) and Capt. Thomas Clarke ( 1638), members of
the General Court, entered their dissent against the law. They were not censured or
troubled. The person most conspicuous in doing humane acts toward the persecuted
Quakers was a member of the Military Company of the Massachusetts, Nicholas Upshall
(1637). He fed and sheltered them at the hospitable Red Lion Tavern. He had com-
passion on them when imprisoned, and shared their imprisonment. He was fined, —
banished ; having returned to his home, was imprisoned for two years. When Robinson
and Stevenson were hanged on Boston Common, it was this same Upshall (1637) "who
caused pales to be brought to fence the place, into which they were cast, that so their
bodies might not be preyed upon by the bruit creation."

The new members recruited in 1659-60 were : Hugh Drury, Richard \Valdron.

John Sunderland (1658). Authorities: Second Church, by Chandler Ruiihins; Sprague's
Savage's Gen. Diet. ; Boston Records. Annals of American I'ulpil.

Rev. John Mayo. Authorities : Hist, of the

I go HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1659-60

Hugh Drury (1659), of Boston in 1640, was a carpenter. He was a member of
the First Church; became a freeman in 1654, and was chosen a surveyor of highways
the same year. He was elected constable of Boston in 1655 and 1656; was appointed
to survey the mill bridge in 1659. He was commissioned lieutenant in Capt. Hench-
man's fifth militia company in Boston, May 16, 1675, and was elected second sergeant
of the Artillery Company in 1664. He resided in Sudbury for a short time, — 1641 to
1645, — but returned to Boston. On the corner of what is now Batterymarch Street
and Liberty Square, once stood a well-known ordinary, which in 1673 ^^^s known as
the "Blue Bell," and as early as 1674 was jointly tenanted by Deacon Henry Allen
(1658) and Hugh Drury (1659). In 1692, it was called the "Castle Tavern," of which
at his decease Hugh Drury (1659) owned a half.

He married (i) Lydia Rice, who died April 5, 1675, and (2) Mary, widow of
Edward Fletcher (1643). He died in July, 1689, and was buried with his wife, Lydia,
in the King's Chapel Burial-Ground.

Richard Waldron (1659), of Dover in 1635, was born at Alcester, Warwick County,
England, in 1615. He was a man of unusual ability and great influence. He was
representative in 1654, 1657, 1661, and very often after for several years, being speaker
from 1666 to 1669 inclusive, 1673, 1674 to 1676, and last in 1679. He was active in
military matters ; became a captain quite early, and served as major in the Indian war
of 1675-6 ; a counsellor under the new form of government of New Hampshire in 16S0 ;
the same year was made commander-in-chief of the militia of the province, and on the
death of President Cutt, in 16S1, was at the head of the province until the arrival of a
royal Governor, Cranfield, in October, 1682. He was killed by the Indians, June 27,
1689, under circumstances of the most inhuman cruelty. He was a brave man, venerable
in years and public service, who had sustained with honor the highest offices in the
province, and long been one of its strongest pillars.

Rev. John Norton, who preached the Artillery election sermon in 1659, also deliv-
ered the election sermon before the Company in 1644.

On the death of Rev. John Cotton, of Boston, in December, 1652, Rev. John
Norton received a call to succeed him, which, being accepted in 1653, he was installed
July 23, 1656. He occupied the pulpit of the First Church until his decease, April 5,
1663. His wife, a daughter of John Fernsley, of Suffolk, England, joined those who
seceded from the First Church on the ordination of Rev. John Davenport, of New
Haven, as the successor of her husband, and founded the Third, or Old South, Church.
On the ist of April, 1669, she gave by deed the land on which the Old South meeting-
house stands, corner of Washington and Milk streets, and in 1677 she gave the
remainder of her land, and the house in which she resided.

Hugh Drury (1659). Authorities: Hud- Diet.; Sketches of Hist, of New Hampshire, by

son's Hist, of Sudbury; Boston Records; Savage's John M. Whiton.

Gen. Diet.; New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., Rev. John Norton. Authoritiks: Mather's

1S77. Magnalia; Maclure's Life of Norton; Young's

Richard Waldron (1659). AuTHOKlTllis: Chron. ; New Eng. Memorial; Emerson's Hist, of

New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1855; Savage's Gen. First Church in Boston,

«66o-i] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY.

191

^ ^ The officers elected were : Daniel Denison (1660), captain ; William

I DOO' I .Hudson (1640), lieutenant , Tliomas Lake (1653), ensign. John Webb

(1655) was first sergeant ; Thomas ClarTve "( 1*344) ) second sergeant,

William Cotton (1650), clerk; Thomas Scottow, drummer, and John Audlin (1638),

armorer.

Massachusetts had not officially proclaimed either Cromwell or his son as Lord
High Protector, and was tardy in acknowledging allegiance to Charles IL Learning,
however, that the Quakers in England were making complaints against the colonial
government, the General Court adopted a loyal address, in which they represented
"New England kneeling with the rest of your subjects, before your Majesty as her
restored king." A brief but gracious answer was returned, followed by an order for the
arrest of Gens. Goffe and Whalley, the fugitive regicides, who had come to Boston.

The regicides, Lieut -Gen. Edward Whalley and Major-Gen. William Goffe, sat as
judges at the trial of King Charles L They served under Cromwell during the civil
war and after it, being. Savage says, relatives of the Great Protector. On the Restora-
tion, they fled from England, and arrived at Boston July 27, 1660. They were
courteously received by the Governor, magistrates, and principal men.

The regicides, in February, 1661, proceeded to New Haven, Conn., lived there in
concealment, and in October, 1664, took up permanent residence at Hadley, with Rev.
John Russell. Goffe died about 1679, ^"d Whalley a year or two previously.

The new members recruited in 1660-1 were : Matthew Barnard, Daniel Denison,
John Hull, Zechariah Phillips, and Daniel Turell.

Matthew Barnard (1660), of Boston, a carpenter, was born in England. His
father, Bartholomew, of Boston, who, with his family, came to America in 1651, was also
a carpenter. Matthew (1660) was admitted a freeman in 1673; is called sergeant in
Boston Records, Feb. 29, 1671-2 ; was first sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1664,
and a lieutenant in the military company under command of Capt. John Richards
(1644), May 12, 1675.

He died May 9, 1679, aged fifty-four years, and was buried on Copp's Hill.

His brother, Richard, joined the Artillery Company in 1662 ; his son John in
1677 ; his son Thomas in 1681.

Daniel Denison (1660), son of William, of Roxbury, was born in England in 1612,
being about nineteen years of age when he came to America. He passed the first year
after his arrival in Roxbury with his parents, but removed the following year, 1633, to
Cambridge, his name being on the list of first settlers and church-members He there
married Patience, daughter of Gov. Thomas Dudley. He took the oath of a freeman .\pril
I, 1634, and in 1635 moved to Ipswich, Mass. He was there chosen deputy in 1635,
1636, and 1637, and also from 1640 to 1652 inclusive. The honor of the speakership
was conferred upon him during the sessions of 1649, and again in the years 165 1 and
1652. He held other local offices between 1636 and 1643, and in the latter year the

Matthew Barnard (1660). Authokitiks: Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1S51, 1854, 1S69; S.iv-

Records of Mass. Bay; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Copp's age's Edition of Winthrop's Hist, of New Kng.;

Hill Burial-Ground, by Bridgman; New Eng. Hist. Eliot's Biog. Diet.; Records of Mass. Bay; Denison

and Gen. Reg., 184S. Memorial, Ipswich, 1S82,

Daniel Denison (1660). Authorities: New

192 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1660-1

town presented him with two hundred acres of land. He held the office of assistant
from 1654 until his decease. In 1637, he was a member of the memorable court which
judged Mrs. Hutchinson and her antinomian sympathizers. He was captain of the first
volunteer train-band of Ipswich, 1636; and, in 1643, ^s it was reported that a conspiracy
existed among the native tribes against the whites, Capt. Denison (1660), with five
others, was ordered to " put the country into a posture of war." Enlistments were made
in Ipswich and the adjoining towns ; a military company was incorporated, and the town
agreed to pay Major Denison (1660) twenty-four pounds seven shillings annually, to
be their military leader.

Mr. Johnson (1637), in his Wonder-Working Providence, thus speaks of him:
" Their [Essex and Norfolk Regiments'] first Major who now commandeth this regi-
ment is the proper and valiant Major Daniel Denison [1660] ; a good soldier, and
of a quick capacity, not inferior to any other of these chief officers ; his own company are
well instructed in feats and warlike activity."

In 1644, he became the first sergeant-major of the Essex Regiment, and, in 1653,
sergeant-major-general, as successor to Gen. Sedgwick (1637).

In 1646, Major Denison (1660) was selected by the General Court, with Deputy-
Gov. Dudley and Hawthorne, with full powers to settle with D'Aulnay, a French Governor
in Acadia. In 1647, he was appointed one of the justices of the inferior court, sitting
at Ipswich. In May, 1658, he was selected by the General Court to codify the laws of
the colony, " to diligently peruse, examine, compare," retaining the plain and good,
and rejecting the obscure and contradictory. In a few months, the work was done and
the laws were printed in one volume. As a compensation for "transcribing the lawes "
the court granted him a quarter part of Block Island. In 1657, he was appointed to
confer with the dissatisfied people of Maine, which resulted in the jurisdiction of Massa-
chusetts being extended over Kittery, York, etc. Major Denison (1660) was one of the
commissioners of Massachusetts at the Congress of the Confederated New England
Colonies. He was outspoken in regard to the Quakers in 1657, and was opposed to the
war against the Narragansets. The command of an expedition against the Indians he
declined. During King Philip's War, in 1675, Major Denison (1660) was commander-
in-chief of the Massachusetts forces. Being prevented by illness from taking the field, the
active command devolved on Major Thomas Savage (1637). Oct. 10, 1677, the General
Court granted to Gen. Denison (1660) an island of six or seven acres, opposite the
middle of his farm, for his distinguished services. In 1660, he was captain of the Artil-
lery Company.

Notwithstanding his life was so busy with public matters, he found time to write
and publish, " Irenicon, or Salve for New England's Sore."

Gen. Denison (1660) died Sept. 20, 1682. Mr. Randolph, in 1673, enumerates
him as " among the most popular and well-principled men." His pastor selected as
the text for his funeral sermon, " For, behold, the Lord, the Lord of hosts, doth take
away from Jerusalem and from Judah the stay and the staff, the whole stay of bread,
and the whole stay of water, the mighty man, and the man of war, the judge, and the
prophet, and the prudent, and the ancient, the captain of fifty, and the honorable man,
and the counsellor, and the cunning artificer, and the eloquent orator." (Isaiah iii. 1-3.)

He was buried in High Street burying-ground, Ipswich, Mass. A heavy slab of red
stone, the inscriptions of which are nearly obliterated, marks his grave.

'660-I] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY.

193

John Hull (1660), of Boston, was the son of Robert Hull, a blacksmith, who was
a brother of Capt. John Hull (1638). He was born Dec. 18, 1624, at Market Har-
borough, Leicester County, England, and came to America in the ship " George," with
his parents, from Bristol, England, arriving Nov. 7, 1635. "He was," says Mather,
" the son of a poor woman, but dutiful to and tender of his mother, which Mr. Wilson,
his minister, observing, pronounced that God would bless him, and although he was
then poor, yet he should raise a large estate." In his diaries, he left accounts which
are of interest, as showing the inner life of a Puritan merchant interested in the military.
He was admitted a freeman May 2, 1649, and in his twenty- third year (11"' 3'' mo,
1647) married Judith, daughter of Edmund Quincy.

Massachusetts was the only colony that attempted to coin money. The General
Court authorized John Hull (1660), "a silversmith," and Robert Sanderson, of Boston,
for "melting, refyning and cojning of silver." Three denominations were coined,
shilling, sixpence, and threepence. The first coinage (1652) had only the initials of
New England on one side and Roman numerals, XH., VL, or HI., expressive of value,
on the other. The coinage for thirty years bore the date " 1652." Very soon, however,
the court ordered that all pieces of money should have on one side, " Massachusetts,"
and a pine-tree in the centre, and " New England," with the date on the other. Mr.
Hull (1660) was allowed to take as his pay fifteen pence out of every twenty shillings.
The court soon discovered that Mr. Hull (1660) had a very advantageous contract, and
sought to be released, but Mr. Hull (1660) declined so to do. The mint-master
amassed a large fortune by the profits of his contract. Hannah, his only child who
grew up, married, Feb. 14, 1658, Samuel Sewall (1679), afterward chief-justice of the
province. Mr. Whitman (1810) repeats the tradition, that when dressed for the
wedding and in presence of the guests, her father placed her in his large scales, and
piled on the silver shillings in the other until the scales balanced. It is said that thus
Judge Sewall (1679) received, with the bride, thirty thousand pounds in New England
shillings.

Capt. Hull (1660) was ensign of the Artillery Company in 1663, lieutenant in 1664,
and captain in 167 1 and 1678. He continued a member of the Company until his
death. He kept a book in which he made minutes of the sermons preached at the
General Court and Artillery elections, in short-hand mostly. He noted the preacher's
name, text, and place of residence. We are indebted to him for much of our knowledge
concerning the preachers of those early years of the Company. Mr. Whitman (1810)
states that he had one of these note-books, consisting exclusively of sermons. It was of
pocket size, originally fastened by brass clasps, and contained quotations from Latin
and Greek authors, proving that Mr. Hull (1660) was a student, and acipiainted with
the ancient languages. One of his maxims, written in English, apparently in the (piiv-
ering hand of old age, is, " The affairs of our estate are come to that pass, that though
we be bound to feel them, we have no leisure to report them."

John Hull (1660). Authorities: Records Hull Street, ISoston, is named for (apt. John

of Mass. Bay; Drake's Hist, of Boston; Savage's Hull (i56o), through whose pasture it was laid out.

Gen. Diet. The ground was conveyed to the town liy Judge

" 1671. I was chosen by the town of Westfield Samuel Sewall and wife, on the express condition

for their deputy for the General Court. I was also that the street should always bear that name. For

chosen by the Artillery Company for their Captain. his wife, Judith, that much-dreaded point of Narra-

The Lord make me diligent and humble ! " — Hull's gansett Bay, where Neptune e.xacts his tribute from

Diary. voyagers through the sound, is named.

194 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [t66o-i

Mr. Hull (1660) was appointed a corporal in the militia May 29, 1648 ; a sergeant
June 28, 1652; chosen ensign April, 1654; clerk of a company April 25, 1656; was
elected representative for Wenham in 1668; for Westfield from 1671 to 1674, and for
Salisbury in 1679. He was town treasurer in 1660-1, and selectman from 1657 to 1667
inclusive, except 1661. He was treasurer of Massachusetts, 1676 to 1679, and was an
assistant from 1680 until his decease. He was a member of the First Church, but with-
drew, and assisted in May, 1669, in establishing the Third, or Old South, Church, and
was at one time its treasurer. He was promoted to be lieutenant in 1673, and to be
captain in 1675. He gave a legacy of one hundred pounds to Harvard College.

He died Sept. 30, 1683, and his remains were buried in the Granary Burial-Ground.
He was an active, useful, and enterprising citizen.

Zechariah Phillips (1660), of Boston, in April, 1660, was licensed by the selectmen
to open a cook shop and sell beer. Aug. 2, 1675, he was killed by the Indians at
Brookfield, when a party under Capt. Edward Hutchinson (1638), going by appointment
to arrange a peace, was treacherously cut off.

Daniel Turell (1660), a blacksmith, came from Instow, England. He appears to
have been in Boston in 1649, when the selectmen voted, that he "shall erect his wharf e
for y" highway before his howse before 3: 11 : or pay 20^. fine." In 1656, he was
elected constable. In 1659, the town of Boston bought of John Baker (1644) and
Daniel Turell (1660) the beginning of the present Copp's Hill Burial-Ground. His
residence was between Hanover Street and Hudson's Point, on the shore. He was
elected a selectman March 13, 1675-6, and was called " Ensigne." July 30 of the
same year he is called in town records, "L"'; March 10, 1683-4, he is called captain.
After the iire of 1679, a special "Watch of the Town" was established. The watch in
the "Conduit quarter," drawn from Capt. Oliver's (1643) and Capt. Davis's (1643)
companies, was under the charge of four citizens, one of whom \?arTieut. Daniel Turell
(1660). "Turine" in the records becomes "Turell" after March, 1676 7.

He was admitted a freeman May 19, 1669. He was second sergeant of the Artillery
Company in 1666, and lieutenant in 1676. He served as selectman from 1676 to 1690
inclusive, and was active in town affairs.

He married (i) Lydia Blott, who died June 23, 1659, and, (2) Nov. 10, 1659, Mary,
widow of John Barrell (1643). His son, Daniel, Jr., joined the Artillery Company in
1674. He died in July, 1693, and was buried July 24.

Rev. Samuel Whiting, of Lynn, who was the second pastor of the First Church in
that town, was the preacher of the Artillery sermon in 1660. He was installed there
on the 8th of November, 1636. He was a son of Sir John Whiting, mayor of old
Boston, England. Samuel was born Nov. 20, 1597, and entered Emanuel College in
161 2. He received the degrees of A. B. in 1616, A. M. in 1620, and subsequently D. D.
After taking orders in the Church of England, he became chaplain in a family in Norfolk.
Three years later he accepted a rectorship in Lynn Regis, where, three years subse-

Zechariah Phillips (1660). AurHomriEs: Daniel Turell (1660). AuTnoumEs : IJoston

Huston Records; Savage's Gen. Diet. ; Fifth Report Records; Savage's Gen. Diet,
of Boston Rec. Com., Gleaner Articles, XII. Rev. Samuel Whiting. Authorities : Math-

er's Magnalia; Brooks's Lives; Savage's Gen. Diet.

'•^61-2] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY,

195

(juently/he was censured by the IJishop of Norfolk for non-conformity. Again at
Siiirbeck, near Boston, he came under censure, and in 1636 he emigrated to America.
Settling in Lynn, becoming a freeman Dec. 7, 1636, he served the First Church as its
l)astor until his decease, Dec. n, 1679. His name and memory are perpetuated in
Whiting School and Whiting Street, Lynn, Mass.

^ ^ The officers elected were: William Hudson (1640), captain;

J QQ J "2. Ihomas Lake (j6s3), lieutenant, and Robert Turner (1640), ensign.
Thomas Clarke (1644) was first sergeant; William Cotton (1650)
second sergeant ; Thomas Scottow, drummer, and John Audlin (1638), armorer.

Humfrey Atherton (1638), of Dorchester, who was then major-general of the
Massachusetts militia, died Sept. 17, 1661. .^fter having been employed on almost
every occasion of importance to the colony, in peace and war, for thirty years, he was
"killed by a fall from his horse at ye South End of Boston."

The Quaker writers, with their usual prejudice, rejoiced over Major .■\therton's
(1638) death as a judgment upon him because he favored their jjrosecution. Their
harsh and cruel judgment was evidently not indorsed by the people of Massachusetts,
who regarded the death of Major-Gen. Atherton (1638) as a public calamity.

Samuel Shattuck, a Quaker, who had been banished from Salem with the threat of
death should he return, came to Boston, bringing a letter from King Charles to Gov.
Endicott, directing that pending processes against the Quakers should be discontinued,
and that the persons in custody should be sent to England for trial. Shattuck sturdily
presented the letter, wearing his hat, and Gov. Endicott bowed in sarcastic bitterness
to him who was, he said, a greater man than himself.

Aug. 8, 1 65 1, Charles IL was formally proclaimed at Boston, by order of the
General Court, as the " lawful King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, and all
other the territories and dominions thereunto belonging." Later in the year, Mr.
Bradstreet and Mr. Norton were sent to London, with instructions to represent the
colony as his Majesty's loyal and obedient subjects.

Capt. John Hull (1660) thus describes the official proclaiming of Charles H. in
Boston : " Eight of the sixth, 1661, being the fifth day of the weeke, after our ordinary
lecture, the soldiers being all in armes, viz : our four companies and the county troop,
the magistrates mounted on horseback, the ministers being present and a multitude of
people. King Charles the Second was proclaimed by Mr. Edward Rawson, Secretary
of State, all standing bare, and ended with, 'God save the King,' and a shout, sundry
volleys of shot from the soldiery, all the guns in the castle, fort and town and ships.
All the chief officers feasted that night at the charge of the country."

The new members recruited in 166 1-2 were : William Howard, George May,
Edward Page, John Pease, and Robert Sanford.

William Howard (i66i),of Boston, was, in 1660, a witness to the will of William
Paine, and a legatee, also, therein.

From the Boston Records, under date of April 29, 1667, we learn, "Mr. Will

William Howard,(i66i). AuTHOKmES: Boston Records; Savage's Ucn. Diet.

196 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1661-2

Howard [1661] hath hberty to keep a wrighting schoole, to teach childeren to writte and
to keep accounts,"

Mr. Whitman (1810) says he came from the city of London. He was first sergeant
of the Artillery Company in 1665. He died previous to May 12, 1675, when "Alice,
relict of the late William Howard [1661], petitioned the General Court in regard to
selling his estate."

George May (1661), of Boston, an ironmonger, was admitted to be a freeman in
1665. He held office in the town in 1663-4 and 1674-5, and married, Oct. 6, 1656,
Elizabeth, daughter of William Franklin.

Edward Page (i 661), of Boston, was a cooper, and married, about 1652, Elizabeth,
daughter of William Beamsley (1656). Their last child, born June 7, 1673, was named
Humility.

John Pease (1661), of Salem, was a son of John Pease, who came in the " Francis "
from Ipswich, England, in 1634. The wife and mother, with John, Jr., came over in a
later ship. They settled at Salem. John Pease (1661) became a freeman in 1668, was
active in military affairs, and was promoted to be captain in the militia. He married
(i) Mary , who died Jan 5, 1668, and, (2) Oct. §, 1669, An Cummings.

Fresh-Water Brook was the name of an inviting territory which anciently belonged
to Springfield. It was set off from the parent town in 1681, and was settled chiefly by
emigrants from Salem. Among these were John Pease, Sr., and John, Jr. (1661). The
emigrants were allowed to become a township in 1683, and took the name of Enfield.

Capt. John Pease (1661) died at Enfield in 1689, aged sixty years. He was
second sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1665.

Robert Sandford (1661), of Boston in 1650, was a brother of John, the school-
master. He was admitted a freeman in 1652. Robert (1661) was highway surveyor for
Boston several years, the last time being in 1676-7.

Rev. John Ward, of Haverhill, was probably the preacher of the Artillery election
sermon in 166 1. In the list of officers and preachers, as prepared by Natlianiel B arnes
(1676) in 1680, the name of the preacher is given as " Samuel Ward." In the transcript
of 1745, " Samuel Ward of Ipswich" is given as the preacher; "of Ipswich" being a
modern addition. There was no minister in New England at that time by the name of
Samuel Ward. The given name, " Samuel," is, perhaps, an unintentional duplication of
the name immediately preceding it in the list, viz., " Samuel " Whiting.

Rev. Nathaniel Ward, of Ipswich, "the Simple Cobler of Agawam," died in 1653.
His son, John, was born in Haverhill, England, Nov. 5, 1606. He was educated at
Emanuel College, England, and received the degrees of A. B. in 1626, and A. M. in
1630. He came to America about 1649, ^"d became a freeman May 3 of that year.
In 1 64 1, he settled in Haverhill, Mass., and there he remained as pastor of the church
until his decease, Nov. 19, 1693.

John Pease (1661). Authorities: Felt's Annals of Salem, Vol. I., p. 224; New Eng. Hist, and
Gen. Reg., 1849, p. 31.

1662-3] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 1 97

y- ^ The officers elected were: Thomas Lake (1653), captain; Robert

I 002" N. Turner (1640), lieutenant, and Thomas Clarke (1644), ensign. William

>-^ Cotton (1650) was first sergeant; Richard Woodde (1642), second

sergeant; Hudson Leverett (1658), clerk; Seth Perry (1662), drummer, and John

Audlin (1638), armorer.

Charles II., the "Merry Monarch "of Great Britain, sent word to the people of
Massachusetts that he confirmed their charter, but that he intended to substitute royal
rule for the theocracy of the Puritans, who had established the town meeting, the locally
governed schools, and compulsory militia duty, as foundations upon which the Common-
wealth was being erected. The clergy, who ruled the colony, were men of narrow but
vigorous intellects, and although they excluded Papists, Episcopalians and sceptics from
office, they permitted some of the British veterans, who had crossed the ocean, and who
were not communicants, to receive military commissions. Many of these citizen-soldiers
were men of heroic deeds and noble thoughts ; men inspired with the liberal ideas and
free traditions of Cromwell's camps ; who had heard the bold words of Hampden and
Sidney. They rejoiced at the royal promise that all persons of suitable character should
be eligible to office, " without reference to their opinion or profession."

Rich and expensive colors were at this time carried by the military companies of
Massachusetts. John Pynchon sold to Ensign Wilton, of Northampton, for the military
company, colors, staff, tassel, and top, for five pounds. The next year he sold to Hadley,
for the use of the soldiers, colors, staff, tassel, and top, for five pounds. These flags were
large, and of costly silk. Expensive flags were used down to the Revolution. Timothy
Pickering, in 1775, censured the enormous waste of silk used for colors, and said,
"Three or four square yards of silk are taken to make one color." When the wind blew
the ensigns had much trouble, and were obliged to gather the flags in folds in their
hands. Mr. Pickering wanted them reduced to about a yard in length. The flag of a
company was called an "ensign," and the bearer was an ensign-bearer, usually called
" ensign," but sometimes " ancient." In the early records of Connecticut, Ensign
Stoughton, of Windsor, is called "Ancient Stoughton."

The new members recruited in 1662-3 were : Richard Barnard, Anthony Checkley,
William Clements, John Coney, Believe Gridley, Joseph Gridley, Nathaniel Hunn,
George Nowell, Seth Perry, Return Waite.

Richard Barnard (1662), of Boston, was a brother of Matthew (1660). He was
born in England, and came over with his parents in 1651. He died Dec. 20, 1706.

Anthony Checkley (1662), of Boston, son of William, came to America in 1645
with his uncle, John, from Preston Capes, Northamptonshire, England. He was bap-
tized July 31, 1636, and married Hannah, daughter of the celebrated Rev. John Wheel-
wright. His second wife was Lydia Gibbs, widow, daughter of Joshua .Scottow (1645).
He was a constable of Boston in 1667-8 and in 1679, and, with Lieut. Turell (1660)
and two others, had charge of the watch in the conduit quarter. In 1683, he was
selected as one of a committee to act with the selectmen in drawing up instructions for

Anthony Checkley (1662). authorities: "[Oct. 20, 170S.] Capt Anthony Checkley

New Eng. Hist, antl (;en. Reg, 1S48, 1861; Fnnte's liuried in a Tonih in the New Burying place." —
Annals of King's Chapel, \'ul. L, p. 89; Province SeiMll Papers, Vol. //., p. 240.
Laws of Mass. Bay, Vol. VH.; Drake's Hist, of
Boston.

ipS History of the ancient and [1662-3

the deputies of the General Court, and Aug. 24, 1685, was elected commissioner to
assess the property and number the people of the town. He was chosen attorney-
general of the province in 1689, and was continued in that office until 1703. He was
confirmed by the General Court, May 12, 1675, ensign of the foot company under the
command of Capt. John Richards (1644). He was second sergeant of the Artillery
Company in 1677, ensign in 1680, and lieutenant in 1683. He died Oct. 18, 1708.
Col. Samuel (1678) was son of Ensign Anthony Checkley (1662).

William Clements (1662), of Cambridge, son of William, married Mary, daughter
of Joseph Rock (1658). He was clerk of the Artillery Company in 1663 and 1664.

William Clements (1662) sold, in 1669, twenty-five acres of land which he bought
of Richard Dummer, of Boston, on the highway from Watertown to Roxbury south.
He owned a house and land near Chestnut Hill. He was one of the founders of the
First Church in Newton. He died in 1691.

John Coney (1662), of Boston, was a cooper, and admitted to be a freeman in
1669. He was second sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1672. He died Dec. 24,
1690. Mr. Sewall says, "He was buried Thursday, December 25th 1690." From 1668,
when he was elected a constable, until his decease, he held some town office nearly all
the time. Dec. 10, 1678, he was chosen to collect subscriptions for Harvard College
from the members of the Second Church. His son, John, died Aug. 29, 1722, and the
funeral sermon was preached by his son-in-law. Rev. Thomas Foxcroft, who delivered
the Artillery election sermon in 1723.

Believe Gridley (1662) was a son of Capt. Richard Gridley (1658), a brickmaker,
and was born May 3, 1640. Capt. Richard (1658) died in 1674, and Mr. Savage says
that " Believe and Tremble died before their father."

Joseph Gridley (1662), of Boston, brother of Believe (1662) and son of Capt.
Richard (1658), followed the business of his father, that of brickmaking. His son,
Capt. Richard Gridley, became a member of the Artillery Company in 1695. Joseph
Gridley (1662) held various minor offices of the town from 1660 until his decease.
His will was proved April 14, 1687.

Nathaniel Hunn (1662), of Boston, was a son of George, a tanner, who came to
America in 1635. Nathaniel (1662) was a shoemaker by trade. He lived in Boston
until about 1669, and resided in Wethersfield, Conn., from 1673 to 1693.

George Nowell (1662), of Boston, was a blacksmith. He erected a house "neere
the Conduit" about 1667, and from that time until 1675, when the street was paved,
there was trouble between him and the town in regard to the " stoppage of the waiter
course," as given in Boston Records.

Seth Perry (1662), of Boston, born March 7, 1639, was a son of Arthur (163S),
of Boston. Arthur Perry (1638) was a tailor, a trade which Seth (1662) and his brother

William Clements (1662). Authority: age's Gen. Diet.; New Eng. Hist, ami Gen. Reg.

Smith's Hist, of Newton. JS53, p. 31 (will of George Hunn, his father).

John Coney (1662). Authorities: Foote's Seth Perry (1662). Authorities: New Eng.

Annals of King's Chapel, Vol. I., p. 93; Boston Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1876, p. 206; Boston Records;

Records; Savage's Gon. Diet. Hill's Hist, of Old South Church.

Nathaniel Hunn (1662). Authorities: Sav-

ifi63-4l HONnRAIU.E ARTILLERY COMPANY. 199

John pursued. Seth (1662) was admitted to be a freeman in 1666. He held town
offices at various times between 1666 and 1690. He appears on the Town Records, the
last time, March 30, 1 702, when he was appointed to superintend precautions against
fire. He was one of the founders of the Old South Church, was drummer for the
Artillery Company from 1662 to 1666 inclusive, and was third sergeant in 1685.

Return Waite (1662), of Boston, was a son of Richard (1638), of Boston, a
tailor, who, in November, 1637, was compelled to surrender his arms to Capt. Keayne
(1637). His next child, born July 8, 1639, was named Return. The son succeeded his
father as an officer under the government; he was a sergeant, in regular pay, from 1674
to 1681, and very prominent in the military display at the funeral of Gov. Leverett
(1639), in 1679. He died in September, 1702, aged sixty-three years.

Rev. John Higginson, of Salem, delivered the Artillery election sermon of 1662. He
was a son of Rev. Francis Higginson, the first minister at Salem, and was born at Clay-
brook, England, Aug. 6, 1616, and came to New England with his parents in 1629, at which
time he joined the church in Salem. On the death of his father, he was assisted in per-
fecting his education, and at the age of twenty-four years became chaplain at Fort Say-
brook, Conn. In 1641, he taught school in Hartford, and in 1643 settled as colleague
over the church at Guilford, Conn. From 165 1 to 1659, he had sole charge of that
church. In the latter year, he took passage for England, but the ship was obliged by
stress of weather to put into Salem Harbor. The church in Salem having no minister,
engaged Mr. Higginson for one year, at the expiration of which, in August, 1660, he
became its settled pastor. He continued in that office for forty-eight years, until his
death, Dec. 9, 1 708, when he was ninety-two years of age. He was one of the most
honored of the early clergy in America.

y- X The officers elected were: John Leverett (1639), captain; William

I 00^' J.. U'i\'is (1643), lieutenant; John Hull (i56o), ensign. HezekialiXTsher*"
'^ ' (753.?) was' first sergeant; John Richards (1644), second sergeant;
William Clements (1662), clerk; John Audlin (1638), armorer, and Seth Perry (1662),
drummer.

Intelligence having been received by the General Court that a fleet of war vessels
would soon arrive from London, bringing royal commissioners to inquire into public
affairs, the train-bands were reorganized, and Capt. Richard Davenport (1639) was
placed in command at the Castle. A committee of the General Court, says Mr. Drake,
consisting of Mr. Richard Russell (1644), Mr. Edward Johnson (1637), and Mr. Joseph
Hills, reported, June 9, a bill allowing two barrels of powder per annum, "for saluting
of ships " at the Castle. But one barrel had been allowed hitherto. The report was
made upon a petition of Capt. James Oliver (1640), of Boston, who said, that "now by

Return Waite (1662;. Authorities: New Rev. John Higginson. Aitiiorities: Math-

Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1850, 1877. er's Magnalia; Felt's .\nnals of .Salem; Young's

"[16S5-6] Feb 2 ... This day Return Waite Chronieles; Upham's Second Century Leelure;

is by Sentence of Court turned out of his Marshal's Savage's Gen. Uict.
Place, many complaints coming against him." —
Si-tvall Papers, Vol. /., /. 120.

200 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1663-4

the increase of shipping, coming and going, itt proues much to little for the honorable
efecting of the worke." Mr. Hills, who drew up the report, said the committee were of
opinion that one barrel was " to little, considering the increase of shipping beyond what
hath been formerly, and some expense at the time of eleccon of General officers."

The General Court also resolved, that "being informed that some of his Majesty's
ships are on their voyage to these parts, in which are several gentlemen of quahty, do
therefore order that the captain of the Casde, on the first sight and knowledge of their
approach, give speedy notice to the honored Governor and Deputy Governor, and that
Captain James Oliver [1640], and Captain William Davis [1643] are hereby ordered
forthwith to repair on board the said ships and to acquaint those gentlemen that this
Court hath and doth by them present their respects to them, and that it is the desire of
the authority of this place that they take strict order that their under officers and soldiers,
in their coming on shore to refresh themselves, at no time exceed a convenient number,
and that without arms, and that they behave themselves orderly amongst his Majesty's
good subjects here, and be careful of giving no offence to the people and laws of this
place ; and invite them on shore, provision being made for their present refreshment."

The General Court also resolved, that, " forasmuch as it is of great concernment to
this commonwealth to keep safe and secret our patent, it is ordered that the patent, and
duplicate, belonging to the county be forthwith brought into the Court ; and that there
be two or three persons appointed by each House to keep safe and secret the said patent
and duplicate, in two distinct places, as to the said committee shall seem most expedient ;
and that the Deputy-Governor, Major-General Leverett [1639], Captain Clarke [1638],
of Boston, and Captain Johnson [1637], of Woburn, are appointed to receive the grand
patent from the Secretary, and to dispose thereof as may be most safe for the country."

The new member recruited in 1663-4 was Ephraim Turner.

Ephraim Turner (1663) was a son of Lieut. Robert Turner (1640), the innholder.
Ephraim (1663) was born in Boston, Dec. 13, 1639 ; was admitted a freeman in 1666 ;
served as ensign in the Boston company of Capt. James Oliver (1640) from 1675 to
1680, when he was relieved at his request. Ensign Turner (1663) served as lieutenant
in the Narraganset campaign against King Philip in 1676. He married Sarah, daughter
of Major William Phillips (1644), and through her came into possession of large tracts
of land in the district of Maine. He was, by trade, a brazier. He held town office from
1674 to 1676. It is supposed that he removed eastward about 1680-1.

Rev. Thomas Shepard, of Charlestown, delivered the Artillery election sermon in
1663. He was a son of Thomas Shepard, of Cambridge. The younger was born April
5, 163S, just previous to the embarkation of his parents, in 1635, for America. He
graduated at Harvard College in 1653 ; married, Nov. 3, 1656, Ann, daughter of William
Tyng (1638) ; was ordained, April 13, 1659, as colleague of Rev. Zechariah Symmes,
and died of small-pox Dec. 22, 1677. He was a man of great learning and influence.
Rev. Urian Oakes, president of Harvard College, pronounced an eloquent eulogy in
Latin, before the alumni and officers of that institution, on Commencement Day in 1678.

Ephraim Turner (1663). Authorities: New ley's Harvard GracUiatcs; Eliot's Biog. Diet.; Bud-
Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 18S5; Boston Records. ington's Hist, of First Chureh, t'harlestown;
Rev. Thomas Shepard. Authorities; Sib- Sprague's Annals of American Pulpit.

1664-S] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 20I

^ ^ The officers elected were: William Davis (1643), captain; John

I QQ/I" C. Hull (1660), heutenant; Hezekiah Usher (i638)r^Ti'i;ign. 'Matthew

' ^ Barnard (1660) was first sergeant; Hugh Drury (1659), second sergeant;

William Clements (1662), clerk; John Audlin (1638), armorer, and Seth Perry (1662),

drummer.

Major Thomas Clarke (1638) was appointed, in 1664, a commissioner with Major
John Pynchon, to meet the King's commissioners before New York, and to confer with
them relative to the forces ordered to be raised by Massachusetts to be employed in
recapturing Menhadoes, as New York was then called.

On Saturday, July 23, 1664, two ships of war, the " Elias " and the "Guinea,"
entered Boston Harbor, and were saluted by the Castle, then commanded by Capt.
Richard Davenport (1639). The "Elias" and the " Guinea " had sailed from Ports-
mouth, England, ten weeks before, in company with the "Martin," the "WilHam,"
and the " Nicholas," from which they had become separated by a storm. The first two
ships had as passengers four commissioners and nearly four hundred troops, destined
for a campaign against the Dutch at Menhadoes.

The General Court of Massachusetts promptly raised and equipped a force of two
hundred men, and appointed Hugh Mason and Capt. William Hudson (1640) their
commanders; but, before they left for Connecticut, Major Clarke (163S) wrote that the
Dutch had capitulated to the fleet sent from England, and the colonial expedition was
therefore disbanded.

The new members recruited in 1664-5 \vere : David Say well and Joseph Turner.

David Saywell (1664), of Boston, probably son of Robert, of Boston, married,
Aug. 15, 1660, Abigail Buttolph. He was admitted to be a freeman in 1666, and held
the ofifice of second sergeant in the Artillery Company in 1668. He died in 1672.

Joseph Turner (1664), son of Lieut. Robert Turner (1643), was born in Boston,
Sept. 7, 1644. His name does not again appear on the Boston Records.

Rev. James Allen, of Boston, delivered the Artillery election sermon of 1664. He
was born in England June 24, 1632; entered Magdalen Hall March 16, 1649; received
the degree of A. M. from New College, Oxford, and was one of its fellows. He arrived at
Boston June 10, 1662, and married (i) Hannah, daughter of Richard Dummer, (2) F^liza-
beth, daughter of Jeremiah Howchin (1641), widow of the second John Endicott, and
(3) Sarah Breck, daughter of Capt. Thomas Hawkins (1638). He was installed as the
teacher of the First Church, Dec. 9, 1668, at the same time that Rev. John Davenport
— whose settlement here caused the formation of the Third, or Old South, Church —
was installed as its pastor. He continued his relation with the First Church, as teacher
or pastor, until his decease, Sept. 22, 17 10.

John Dunton, a London bookseller, who visited Boston in 1686, says, in his Life
and Errors, " I went to visit the Reverend Mr. Allen. He is very humble and very rich
and can be generous enough when the humor is upon him." His house, considered the
oldest stone house in Boston, stood where the Congregational House now stands, corner

David Saywell (1664). Authority: Sav- Annals <if .\nicrican Pulpit; Emerson's Hist, of
age's Gen. Diet. First Church; Hutchinson's Hist, of Mass.; Sav-

Rev. James Allen. Authorities: Sprague's age's Gen. Diet.; Eliot's P.iog. Diet.

202

HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1665-6

of Beacon and Somerset streets. Mr. Allen is said to have owned a larger part of the
territory of Boston than was ever owned by any one individual, unless William Black-
stone is an exception. His farm of twenty acres was situated between Cambridge Street,
the water, and the Leverett Street estates.

, , ^ The officers elected were: Thomas Clarke (1638), captain; Richard

I 00 ^"0. Sprague (1638), lieutenant, and John Richards (1644), ensign. William
♦-^ Howard (1661) was first sergeant; John Pease (1661), second sergeant;

Ephraim Turner (1663), clerk, and Seth Perry (1662), drummer.

Gen. John Leverett (1639) was employed to reconstruct the fortifications of Boston.
A report by a committee of the General Court states, concerning the famous sconce of
South Battery, built where Rowe's Wharf now stands, under the brow of what was then
Fort Hill, that the thirteen guns were well mounted, and it was thought to be the
" completest work of the kind " in America. The committee also examined a fort, on
the north side of Boston, at Merry's Point, at the foot of Copp's Hill, which was of
earth, faced with strong timber and mounted with seven guns. A ditch was dug across
the " neck," with a defensive gateway, where Dover Street now crosses Washington
Street. There were two gates, one for vehicles and the other for pedestrians, flanked
by brick walls, banked up with earth, and pierced with embrasures for " sakers." A
vote of thanks was passed to Gen. Leverett (1639), and a grant of one hundred pounds
made to him for his services.

The new members recruited in 1665-6 were: Humphrey Davie, Samuel Joy, John
Mills, Habijah Savage, Thomas Savage, Jonathan Shrimpton, John Taylor, Hezekiah
Usher.

Humphrey Davie (1665), of Boston, was a merchant. Mr. Whitman (iSio)
confuses the father and son. Capt. Humphrey Davie (1665) was a son of Sir John
Davie, and came from London in 1662. He was admitted a freeman in 1665, and
represented Billerica in the General Court, because he owned property there, from 1665
to 1669; also Woburn in 1678. He was assistant from 1679 f° 1686. Lnmediately
after this service, he married Sarah (Gibbons) Richards, a widow, of Hartford, Conn.,
whose former husband left her a large estate, which caused Mr. Davie's (1665) removal
thither. He was prominent in town affairs, and was chosen for important duties. In
1663, he purchased the south part of the Bellingham lot, — Tremont Street, between
Beacon and Court streets, — the heirs to which sold it, with a stone house, in 17 10, to
Andrew Faneuil, from whom the estate descended to his nephew, Peter Faneuil.

When the General Court, Oct. 7, 1674, permitted Capt. Edward Hutchinson
(1638) to lay down his "captain's place of the Three County Troop," the court
appointed Mr. Humphrey Davie (1665) captain of that troop. Mr. Davie (1665)
declined to accept the position. In 1675, when the number of militia companies was
increased from four to eight, Mr. Humphrey Davie (1665) was appointed captain of
one of the new companies. The other new captains were Capt. Thomas Lake (1653),
Mr. John Richards (1644), and Mr. John Hull (1660).

Humphrey Davie (1665). Authorities: onls of Mass. liay; Savage'sGen. Diet.; Whitman's
New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Keg., 1847, p. 169; Rec- Hist. A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1S42.

•665-6] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 203

Capt. Humphrey Davie (1665) died Feb. iS, 1689. The administration on the
estate, Dec. 29, 1718, as given by Mr. Whitman (1810), page 176, was on the estate of
Humphrey, son of Capt. Humphrey Davie (1665). The witlow of Capt. Davie (1665)
married Major Jonathan Tyng (1670).

Samuel Joy (1665), of Boston, son of Thomas (1658) and Joan (Gallop) Joy, was
born in that town Feb. 26, 1639. He moved to Hingham with his parents, and married,
Nov. 13, 1668, Ann Pitts. Samuel Joy (1665) died in 1670 or 1671. On "the 29th
day of the 4"' month, 1671, An Joy, widow, was appointed to administer upon the estate
of her husband, late of Boston, deceased."

John Mills (1665), of Braintree, son of John and Susanna Mills, removed with his
parents to Braintree — that part now called Quincy — about 1642. John (1665) settled
later in what is now Braintree, and became an influential man in town. He was born
June 3, 1632, and married, April 26, 1653, Mary Shove.

Habijah Savage (1665), of Boston, son of Thomas Savage (1637), and brother of
Iqihraim (1674), of Ebenezer (1682), and of Thomas (1665), was born in Boston, Aug. t,
1638, and graduated at Harvard College in 1659. He married, May 8, 1661, Hannah^
daughter of Capt. Edward Tyng (1642). He was admitted to be a freeman in 1665, was
captain of a militia company, and died when on a business trip to Barbadoes in 1669.
His widow married Major-Gen. Daniel Gookin (1645).

Thomas Savage (1665), of Boston, a shopkeeper, son of Thomas Savage (1637)
and brother of Ephraim (1674), of Ebenezer (1682), and of Habijah (1665), was born
in Boston (baptized), May 17, 1640. He married, about 1664, Elizabeth, daughter of
Joshua Scottow (1645). He was an officer in the militia of Boston, and rose to the rank
of lieutenant-colonel of the Boston regiment in 1702, and held it until his decease. He
served in King Philip's War, became a freeman in 1690, in which year he led one of the
three regiments in Sir William Phips's expedition against Quebec, and was the first field
officer that landed. He wrote a brief account of this expedition, which was printed in
London in April, 1691.

In his will, he mentions his sons, Thomas, Habijah (1699), and Arthur (1738). He
was a member of the Old South Church, first sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1674,
and ensign in 1681. He died July 2, 1705.

Jonathan Shrimpton (1665), of Boston, was a son of Edward, of Bednall Green,
and a cousin of Samuel (1670). Jonathan (1665) came to Boston in 1648, and married,
about 1666, Mary, daughter of Peter Oliver (1643). He died in 1673, and, in 1674, his
widow married Capt. Nathaniel Williams (1667).

Samuel Joy (1665). Authority: Lincoln's ''July 2, 1705, Lt Col Thomas Savage dies

Hist, of Hingham. aliout 6 p. m."

John Mills (1665). Authorities: Hist, of "July 5, . . . Col Savage buried at 7 p.m.

Braintree; Titcomli's Early New England People. Companies in Arms. . . . The Street very much hlled

Habijah Savage (1665). Authorities: Sav- with reople all along." — 5(T.W/ Paferi, Vol. //.,

age's Gen. Diet.; Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A. //. 133, 134.
Company, Ed. 1S42. Jonathan Shrimpton (1665). Autiiorities:

Thomas Savage (1665). Authorities: Sav- New Eng. Hist, and Cen. Reg., 18S9, p. 161: Sav-
age's tien. Diet.; Records of Mass. Bay; Hill's age's Gen. Diet.
Hist, of Old South Church.

204

HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1665-6

John Taylor (1665), of Cambridge in 1644, was admitted to be a freeman in
165 1. He went to England, says Rev. Lucius R. Paige, D. D., in 1671, as a special mes-
senger of the church, tcr accompany the Rev. Urian Oakes across the Atlantic. In
acknowledgment of his services, the church granted him five pounds. He was the butler
of Harvard College, and perhaps performed other services for that corporation.

His epitaph, now somewhat mutilated, bears testimony to his worth : " Here lyes
the body of John Taylor, aged 73 years, deceased September 6th, 1683. He was a
useful man in his generation, a lover of piety, a lover of learning, a faithful servant of
Harvard Colledg about forty years."

Hezekiah Usher (1665), of Boston, was a son of Hezekiah Usher (1638), and was
born at Cambridge, Mass., in June, 1639. He married in 1686, Bridget, widow of
Leonard Hoar, who had been president of Harvard College, and daughter of Lady Alicia,
widow of Lord Lisle, the regicide. It was not a happy marriage. He thought she was
too extravagant, and she thought he was not orthodox in his faith. She embarked for
England, and did not return during his life. Judge Sewall recorded her departure,
" 1687, Tuesday, July 12."

Mr. Usher (1665) resided afterward for a time at Groton. In his will, made Aug.
17, 1689, he recapitulates his grievances, and appropriates a sum of money for the publi-
cation of his letters, etc., " as to the evil of having a wife only in name."

Mr. Thomas, in his History of Printing, Vol. II., p. 410, 7iote, says, "In 1692, a
respectable man whose name was Hezekiah LTsher [1665] was accused of witchcraft, in
consequence of which accusation he was ordered to be confined in the common prison ;
but on account of the goodness of his character, he was by connivance allowed to secrete
himself in the house of a friend, and afterwards to escape out of the hands of his
persecutors, until the delusion or madness of the times in part subsided."

He died at Lynn, July 11, 1697, and Judge Sewall (1679) says his remains were
"brought to Boston and laid in his father's tomb, July 14"'."

Rev. Increase Mather, the second pastor of the Second Church in Boston, delivered
the election sermon in 1665 and 17 10. He was the youngest son of Rev. Richard and
Caroline (Holt) Mather, of Dorchester, and was born June 21, 1639, graduating at
Harvard College in 1656. He went to his eldest brother, Samuel, at Dublin, in 1657,
and there studied for his degree of A. M. He preached in several places, — County
Devon, Isle of Guernsey, etc., — but returned to New England in the latter part of
August, 1661. On the 8th of September, he delivered his first sermon on our side of
the water in that church — the Second — where he served more than sixty years, though
he was not ordained until May 27, 1664. He was chosen president of Harvard College
in 1685, and filled the office until 1701, when the prevailing dissatisfaction, because he
would not give up the pastorate of the Second Church and reside at Cambridge, so
increased that he resigned the presidency. In the last year of Sir Edmund Andros's
administration, Mr. Mather was sent in disguise on board a ship, and proceeded to

John Taylor (1665). Authority: Paige's Rev. Increase Mather. Authoritiks: Math-

Hist. of Cambiidge. er's Magnalia; Histories of Harv. Coll.; Sibley's

Hezekiah Usher (1665). Authorities: New Graduates of Il.arv. Coll.; Life of Cotton Mather;

Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1869, p. 410; Hist, of Sprague's Annals of American Pulpit; Eliot's Biog.

Middlesex Co., \'ol. II., p. 649; Paige's Hist, of Diet.
Cambridge.

"666-7] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 205

England to intercede with King James. He sailed April 7, 1688, and was absent from
his church and college until May 14, 1692, when he arrived at Boston with Sir William
Phips, the new Governor, who brought the new charter of William and Mary. He died
Aug. 23, 1723, and was buried the 29th, with the greatest marks of esteem and affection.

, ,^ The officers elected were: James Oliver (1640), captain; Isaac

J QQQ-V^ Johnson (1645), lieutenant, and Richard Cooke (1643), ensign. John
• Newton (1641) was first sergeant; Daniel Turell (1660), second ser-
geant; Ephraim Turner (1663), clerk; John Audlin (163S), armorer, and Seth Perry
(1662), drummer.

The royal commissioners sent home an account of New England, in which they
said that the commodities of Massachusetts were "fish, which was sent into France,
Spain and the Straits ; pipe, staves, masts, fir-boards, some pitch and tar, pork, beef,
horses and corn, which they sent to Virginia, Barbadoes, etc., and took tobacco and
sugar for payment, which they often sent to England. There was a good store of iron
in this province."

" In Boston," said the same commissioners, " the houses are generally wooden, the
streets crooked, with little decency and no uniformity ; and there neither months, days,
seasons of the year, churches, nor inns are known by their English names." "At
Cambridge, they had a wooden college, and in the yard a brick pile of two cages for
the Indians, where the commissioners saw but one [Indian]. They said they had three
more at school. It might be feared this college might afford as many schismatics to the
church, and the corporation as many rebels to the King, as formerly they had done, if
not timely prevented."

The new members recruited in 1666-7 "'ere: Daniel Brewer, Hugh Clarke, Philiii
Curtis, Tobias Davis, Theophilus Frary, Benjamin Gibbs, Laurence Hammond, Thomas
Hull, Richard Jencks, John Paine, Thomas Sanford, William Sedgwick, Thomas
Snawsnell, Thomas Watkins.

Daniel Brewer (1666), of Roxbury, "husbandman," son of Daniel, of Ro.xbury,
was probably born in England, and married, Nov. 5, 1652, Hannah, daughter of Isaac
Morrill (1638). He became a member of the Roxbury church May 20, 1684.
Daniel, Jr. (1666), died Jan. 9, 1708, aged eighty-four years.

Hugh Clarke (1666), of Watertown in 1640, removed to Roxbury in 1657, and
was admitted to be a freeman in 1660. He became a member of the Ro.xbury church
Sept. II, 1659. In the records of the Roxbury church, it is related, under date of
Sept. 10, 1665, t"hat "Hugh Clark [1666] was called before the church and charged
with telling a lye in the face of the Court, etc. By all which it appeared to the church
that his soul was sick and needed medicine and therefore dispensed a public admonition
unto him." Again, in the same records, "October 21, 1666, Hugh Clark [1666] had

Daniel Brewer (1666). Authoritiks: Rox- Hugh Clarke (1666). .\uTiioRrriEs: Rox-

bury Records; Savage's Gen. Diet.; New Eng. Hist. bury Church Records; Hugh Clark and his Uc-
and Gen. Reg., 1853, p. 170 (will of his father). scendants, p. 17.

2o6 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1666-7

a solemn admonition dispensed to him." "November 25, 1666, Hugh Clark [1666]
was forgiven by the church." "June 8, 1673, Hugh Clark [1666] was solemnly admon-
ished." " 14th of February 1674, Hugh Clark [1666] was reconciled to the church."
He died July 20, 1693, about eighty years of age.

Philip Curtis (1666), of Roxbury, son of William, of Roxbury, was born in England.
He married, in 165S, Obedience Holland, of Dorchester. He was a lieutenant in a
militia company of Roxbury prior to 1670. He was heutenant of Capt. Henchman's
(1675) company, which left Boston Nov. i, 1675, for the purpose of rescuing two boys
whom the savages had captured at Marlborough. The savages were overtaken near
Grafton; a fight ensued ; the boys were rescued, but Lieut. Philip Curtis (1666) and
several of his comrades were killed. He held the office of second sergeant of the
Artillery Company in 1671.

Tobias Davis (1666), of Roxbury, blacksmith, married Sarah, daughter of Isaac
Morrill (1638). She died Jan. 23, 1649, and he married, Dec. 13 next following,
Bridget Kinsman. Tobias Davis (1666) succeeded to the business and estate of his
father-in-law. The latter included much of the tract bounded by Dudley, Warren,
St. James, and Washington streets. He served in the militia as ensign, and was first
sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1668. He died April 25, 1690.

Theophilus Frary (1666), of Boston, cordwainer, son of John Frary, of Dedham,
was born in England. He resided in Dedham until he was admitted an inhabitant of
Boston, Feb. 23, 1656-7. His first town office was that of surveyor in 1659-60, and
he was selectman from 1679 'o 1687 inclusive, and in 1689. He represented Boston in
the General Court from 1689 to 1695 inclusive, and in 1699. He was one of the
founders of the Old South Church in 1666, and was violently opposed to the Episcopal
Church. In 1688, Randolph endeavored to establish worship of that form, and wrote
in urgent terms to the Bishop of London on the subject.

Mr. Hutchinson in a note observes, "A dispute happened at the grave of one Lilly.
He had left the ordering of his funeral to his executors. They forbade Mr. Ratcliffe,
the Episcopal rector, performing the service for burial. Nevertheless he began. Deacon
Frary [1666] interrupted him and a stop was put to his proceeding. The Deacon was
complained of, and besides being bound to his good behavior for twelve months, it was
thought the process would cost him one hundred marks." Mr. LilHe was Capt. Frary's
(1666) son-in-law.

Capt. Frary (1666) was elected deacon of the Old South Church, Nov. 6, 16S5.
He was prominent in town matters, and served on various special committees. Theoph-
ilus Frary (1666) was commissioned by the General Court, May 12, 1675, lieutenant of
the eighth foot company, which was commanded by Capt. John Hull (1660). In 1683,

Philip Curtis (1666). Authorities: Sav- "[1691] Sabbath Oct. 25, Capt Frary's voice

age's Gen. Diet.; Drake's Hist, of Roxbury. failing him in his own Essay, by reason of his Palsie,

Tobias Davis (1666). Authorities: Dral<e's he calls to me to set the Tune, which accordingly I

Hist, of Rdxliury; Savage's Gen. Diet. doe: 17, l8, 19, 20 verses, 6S'li Psalm, Windsor

Theophilus Frary (1666). Authorities: Tune." — Sctonll Papers, Vol. I., f. :^c^i.

Boston Records, Foote's Annals ol King's Chapel; "Oct'r 17, 1700, Capt Theophilus Frary expires

Hill's Hist, of Old South Church; Records of Mass. about 3 aclock past midnight." — St-.oall Papers,

Bay; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Whitman's Hist. A. and Vol. II., p. 2},.
H. A. Company, Ed. 1842.

1666-7] IIONOKACLE AKTILLERV COMl'ANY. 207

he is called in the Records of Massachusetts Bay, " Captain." He hekl the office of
ensign in the Artillery Company in 1674, of lieutenant in 1675, and of captain in 1682.
He died Oct. 17, 1700 On the death of his father-in-law, Jacob Eliot, the house and
garden of the deceased, situated on the southwest corner of Washington and Uoylston
streets, became the property and residence of Theophilus Frary (1666).

Benjamin Gibbs (1666), of Boston, merchant, first appears at Boston in 1662, and
married Lydia, daughter of Joshua Scottow (1645). He was admitted to the First
Church July 13, 1662; became a freeman in 1666; was a founder and member of ihe
Old South Church in 1669, and in 1673 donated fifty pounds to Harvard College.

Mr.'Whitman (1810) says, " Josselyn speaks of his [Gibbs's] new house as being
a stately edifice, which it is thought, will stand him a little less than ^3000, before it be
fully finished." This costly house was near Fort Hill, and belonged to Col. Robert Cibbs.

Capt. Benjamin (1666) served on Connecticut River in King Philip's War, in 1C7O,
and died soon after. His widow married (i) Anthony Checkley (1662), attorney-general,
and (2) William Coleman (1676).

Laurence Hammond (1666), of Charlestown, was admitted a freeman in 1661, and
united with the church in Charlestown, April 29, 1662. He was elected recorder of the
town, and served from Jan. 27, 1672-3, until the election of Mr. James Russell, Jan. 14,
1677-8. Mr. Hammond (1666) was chosen lieutenant of the Charlestown comjiany,
May 27, 1668, and was promoted to be captain of the same, Oct. 12, 1669. In March,
1680-1, the Charlestown train-band was divided into two companies, one of which was
under the command of Capt. Laurence Hammond (1666). He was one of a few >vho,
in 1686, were unwilling "to lift hand or voice" against Andros, " the representative of
the crown" ; on account of which he was deprived of his military command. His diary
is preserved by the Massachusetts Historical Society.

He was a selectman of Charlestown, representative of that town from 1672 to 1677
inclusive, and clerk of the courts and registrar of probate and deeds under .Andros. He
removed to Boston July 10, 1692, and died July 25, 1699. He was second sergeant
of the .Artillery Company in 1667, ensign in 1670, and lieutenant in 1672.

Thomas Hull (1666), of Boston, was a cooper. He married Hannah Townsend
in 1657, about which time he bought of Capt. James Johnson (1638) what is now the
corner of Batterymarch Street and Liberty Square, where stood a well-known ordinary, —
the "Blue Bell," afterward the " Castle Tavern." In 1674, Hugh Drury (1659) occu-
pied a part of the building.

.Administration was granted on the estate of Thomas Hull (1666), deceased, .Aug.
10, 1670. His widow married Lieut. Richard Way (1642).

Richard Jencks (1666), of Boston, was admitted to the Second Church, Oct. 29,
1682, and became a freeman in 1683.

Benjamin Gibbs (1666). Authoritiks: Kec- Co., Vol. I., p. 195; Frothingham's Hist.of Chatles-

ordsof Mass. Kay; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Hill's Hist. town; Mather's Magnalia. Vol. H., p. 91; Mtni.

of Old South Church; Whitman's Hist. A. and H. Hist, of Boston, Vol. H., p. 311, (/Jiv/.

A. Company, Ed. 1842. Thomas Hull (1666). .\i'rnokrrii>: .Sav-

Laurence Hammond (1666). .\uT)li>RniES: age's Gen. Diet.; Boston Records.
Savage's Gen. Diet.; Hurd's Hist, of Middlesex

2o8 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1666-7

John Paine (1666), of Boston, son of William, was born in England. He came to
America in 1635, when three years of age, with his parents, who settled in Ipswich.
They removed to Boston, and the father dying in 1660, left an only son, John (1666).
John Paine (1666) married, in March, 1659, Sarah, daughter of Richard Parker (1638).

There is a tradition that he died at sea, after conveying, Dec. 29, 1674, some estate
to his niece, Hannah, daughter of Samuel Appleton, wife of William Downe (17 16).

Thomas Sanford (1666), born in December, 1644, was a son of Thomas, of Dor-
chester. He was admitted a freeman in 1669, and removed to New Haven, where he
owned real estate in 1685.

William Sedgwick (1666), son of Robert (1637), of Charlestown, was probably
born in that town. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Rev. Samuel Stone. He became
ruined, morally, by service in the British army, and after some years of abandonment of
his wife she petitioned for a divorce in May, 1673. Having removed to Hartford,
Conn., she was released, by vote of the General Court of Connecticut, in October, 1674,
from the "unchristian bondage." Sept. 7, 1668, William sold all right in his father's
estate to Francis Willoughby (1639).

There is a tradition that William died on the return voyage from the West Indies to
Boston.

Thomas Snawsnell (1666) was a merchant in Boston in 1663, and is probably the
" Mr. Thomas Snossall " who was elected constable for Boston, March 14, 1669-70. He
was second sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1670.

Thomas Watkins (1666), of Boston, in a deed, October, 1653, is called a " tobacco
maker." He became a freeman in x66o, and was clerk of the Artillery Company in
1668. He owned a plantation on the Kennebec, which he sold in 1669, and died Dec.
16, 1689.

Rev. Edmund Brown, of Sudbury, delivered the Artillery election sermon in 1666.
He came over from England in 1637; was admitted a freeman May 13, 1640; was
ordained the first minister of Sudbury in August, 1640, and continued as pastor until
his decease, June 22, 1677. He married, about 1645, Anne, widow of John Loveren,
of Watertown, but left no children.

Mr. Brown's real estate consisted of three hundred acres, besides a grant in Framing-
ham from the General Court. He hunted and fished, and it is said was a good angler.
He was a musician, and in his will speaks of his " Base Voyal," etc. He left fifty pounds
to establish a grammar school in Sudbury, and one hundred pounds to Harvard College.

A portrait of Rev. Mr. Brown was owned by the late Henry A. Whitney, of Boston.

John Paine (1666). Authoritv: Savage's Thomas Watkins (1666). .\uthority: Sav-

Tien. Diet. age's Gen. Diet.

William Sedgwick (1666). Authorities: Rev. Edmund Brown. Authorities: ^!alh-

Savage's Gen. Diet.: Wyman's Genealogies and cr's Magnalia; Hudson's Hist, of Sudbury; Sav-
Estates of Charlestown. age's Gen. Diet.; Sprague's Annals of American

Pulpit.

1667-8] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 209

y^ ^ Q The officers elected were: Isaac Johnson (1645), captain; John

I 007'O. Richards (1644), Heutenant ; Richard Woodde (1642), ensign. Moses

• Paine (1644) was first sergeant; Laurence Hammond (1666), second

sergeant; Ephraim Turner (1663), clerk; John Audlin (1638), armorer, and Joshua

Hughes, drummer.

The new members recruited in 1667-8 were : Freegrace Bendall, Samuel Bosworth,
George Broughton, William Kent, John Ratcliff, Nathaniel Williams.

Freegrace Bendall (1667) was the eldest son of Edward Bendall (163S), and was
baptized July 5, 1635. March 11, 1666-7, he applied for a lot to build a house u])on,
and, Aug. 26, 1667, the selectmen reported that he had been accommodated "with a
piece of ground on Fort Hill as appears by deeds [lease] of May 27, 1667," with the
privilege to wharf out upon the flats. In 1668-9, he served the town as constable, and
in 1670 was made clerk of the Superior Court. For some years prior to his death, the
town allowed him and others to plant upon the unoccupied portion of Fort Hill.

He married Mary, daughter of Francis Lyall ( 1640), and, with her, was drowned, June
6, 1676, while returning from Noddles Island to town, by the overturning of his boat in a
sudden squall. They left eight children, " five of which so small not able to shift for
themselves"; whereupon the town, March 13, 1681-2, remitted the twenty shillings per
annum required to be paid by the lease of Aug. 26, 1667, and the house and land were
sold for the benefit of the children.

Freegrace Bendall (1667) was clerk of the Company from i66g to 1672 inclusive,
and ensign in 1676.

Samuel Bosworth (1667) was a son of Zacheus (1650), of Boston, and was born
March 4, 1643. .He married Mercy, daughter of Thomas Bumstead (1647). " ^Vidow
Franke" was approved by the selectmen, April 23, 1677, to keep a house of entertainment
"provided y' Samuell Bosworth [1667] keepe y"' house or some other carefull & Suffitient
man to manage it." In 1678, Clement Grosse was licensed, "provided y' Samuel
Bosworth [1667] drawe the beere," to sell "beere & syder." He was employed by
" Widow Franckes" in 1679, but in 16S0 was himself licensed to sell beer and cider. In
1 68 1, the license was granted to Widow Bosworth, implying the death of Samuel (1667)
in the latter part of 1680.

George Broughton (1667) resided in Massachusetts in 1667, but was of Dover or
Kittery in 1680. In 1670, he was at Berwick. Mr. Hubbard, in his Indian Wars,
mentions George Broughton (1667) as of Salmon Falls in 1675. The same year, he had
command of the forty men sent from Boston and Essex County for the better security
of Dover. He was captain of a company at Kittery in 1682. He is mentioned in the
Boston Town Records of Aug. 18, 1690. He had died May i, 1691, as Widow Broughton
is then named in the records. They had children born in Boston in 1667, 1670, 1672,
1673, and 1677.

Freegrace Bendall (1667). .\uTHoKrniis: caped by the help of an oar." — Se-^uairs Diary,

Boston Records; Savage's Gen. Diet. Vol. /., /. 13.

"[1676] Tuesday June 6. Mr Bendall, Mrs Samuel Bosworth (1667). Authorities:

Bendall, Mr James Edmunds and a Quaker female Boston Records; Savage's Gen. Diet,

were drowned; their boat (in which coming from George Broughton (1667). AUTiioKiriES:

Nodles Hand) being overset, and sinking by reason Boston Records; Records of Mass. Bay.
of ballast. Mr. Charles Lidget [1679] hardly es-

2IO HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND L1667-S

William Kent (1667), of Boston in 1662, had permission of the selectmen, Nov.
27, 1665, "to keep a Cooke Shop," which was renewed April 27, 1668. He continued
in this business, licensed annually, until April 25, 1681, when he was approved by the
selectmen to keep a house for public entertainment. In 1677-8, he was clerk of the
market. He is recorded as innholder May i, 1691, but June 26, 1693, the license is
given to Hannah Kent. William Kent (1667) was first sergeant of the Artillery
Company in 167 1 and ensign in 1673. He died July 9, 1691.

John Ratcliff (1667), of Boston, was a bookbinder. "An English binder, John
Ratlife (or Ratcliffe), whom a prospect of work on the Indian Bible brought to New
England, was employed by Mr. Usher [163S], and paid two and sixpence per Bible, he
finding 'thread, glue, pasteboard, and leather claps,' for himself. In 1664, he addressed
a memorial to the commissioners of the United Colonies, complaining of the insuffi-
ciency of this pay. ' I finde by experience,' — he writes, from Boston, Aug. 30
[1663], — 'that in things belonging to my trade, I here pay iSs. for that which in
England I could buy for four shillings, they being things not formerly much used in this
country.' " '

Nathaniel Williams (1667), of Boston, son of Nathaniel Williams (1644), was born
in Boston, Sept. 25, 1642. He married (i) Mary, daughter of Peter Oliver (1643)
and widow of Jonathan Shrimpton (1665). He was admitted a freeman in 1676 and had
a grant of land in 1679. He, not his father (1644), was a commissary in King Philip's
War. He was a member of the Old South Church, and was elected deacon Oct. 15, 1693.
He was a constable of Boston in 1677-8; surveyor, 1684-5 > 'he first named of the first
board of overseers of the poor, chosen in the town of Boston March 9, 1 690-1, and
selectman in 1692-3. He was fourth sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1676, ensign
in 16S4, second sergeant in 1690, and lieutenant in 1693.

Rev. Samuel Danforth, of Roxbury, delivered the Artillery election sermon. He
was born in Framingham, Suffolk County, England, September, 1626, and came over
with his father, Nicholas, of Cambridge, in 1634. His mother died when he was about
three years of age. Samuel graduated at Harvard College in 1643, was admitted a
freeman in 1647, and attained some reputation as an astronomer and as a poet,
publishing almanacs from 1646 to 1649 inclusive. On the 24th of September, 1650,
he was ordained as colleague to the Rev. John Eliot, pastor of the First Church in
Roxbury, and the so-called "Apostle to the Indians." He was married, Nov. 5, 165 1,
to Mary, daughter of the Rev. John Wilson, of Boston, brother-in-law of Capt. Robert
Keayne (1637). He died Nov. 19, 1674, aged forty-eight years. His widow married
Joseph Rock (1658), of Boston, and, surviving him, died Sept. 13, 1713, aged eighty-
one years.

William Kent (1667). Authorities: Boston days, very pleasant weather. Capt. Williams [1667]

Records; see Records of Mass. Bay, Vol. IV., p. 302. buried; Bearers, Col. Checkley, Capt Hill, Mr.Tay,

Nathaniel Williams (1667). Authuritiiis : &c." — Saoul/ I\ipirs.
Hist, of Old South Church; Boston Records. Rev. Samuel Danforth. Authurities: Am.

" Lords Day Dec. 12, 1 7 14: Neither Capt Bel- (^)uarttrly Register, \III.; Drake's Hist, of Rox-

char nor Capt Williams abroad. . . . [Dec. 13] I bury; .Si\lh Report of Boston Rec. Com.; Sibley's

visited Capt Williams [1667], who has been very Ilarv. Graduates; Mather's Magnalia; Sptague's

sick since last Wednesday. Tells me he was 71 Annals of American Pulpit,
years old that day my son was ordain'd. Desires ' Mem. Hist, of Boston, Vol. I., p. 469.

Trayers. . . . [Dec. 25] Shops open &c. as on other

"iw-

^' ■ i

THE OLD SOUTH CHURCH.

1668-9] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 211

/- ^ Q The officers elected were : Thomas Savage (1637), captain ; Richard

lOOO"Q. Cooke (1643), heutenant; Moses Paine (1644), ensign. Tobias Davis

-' (1666) was first sergeant; David Saywell (1664), second sergeant;

Thomas Watkins (1666), clerk; John Audlin (1638), armorer, and Joshua Hughes,

drummer.

The Third Congregational Church in Boston, now usually styled the Old South
Church, was formed at Charlestown, on the 12th and i6th of the third month, /. c, of
May, 1669, O. S. The original members or founders of this church were fifty-two in
number ; twenty-nine were males and twenty-three females. Of the twenty-nine males,
the following-named seventeen persons were members of the Military Company of the
Massachusetts : —

Theodore Atkinson (1644). Peter Oliver (1643).

Joseph Belknap (1658). Seth Perry (1662).

Peter Brackett (1648). Joseph Rock (1658).

Thomas Brattle (1675). Thomas Savage (1637).

Joseph Davis (1675). Joshua Scottow (1645).

V William Davis (1643). Benjamin Thurston (1675).

Theophilus Frary (1666). Hezekiah Usher (1638).

John Hull (1660). John Wing (1671).
John Morse (1671).

The new members recruited in 1668-9 were: John Crafts, Thomas Foster, Joseph
Lyall, Edward Tyng, Jr.

John Crafts (1668), of Roxbury, son of Griffin Crafts, of Roxbury, who came with
Winthrop in 1630, was born in Roxbury July 10, 1630, the earliest born in town,
according to town records. He married, (i) June 7, 1654, Mary Wheelock, who died
in November, 1667, and, (2) March 30, 1669, Mary Hudson, of Lynn. He died Sept.
3> 1685.

Thomas Foster (1668), of Roxbury, son of Thomas Foster, of Weymouth and
Braintree, and probably a nephew of Hopestill (1642), was born at Weymouth .Aug. 18,
1640. He moved to Roxbury about 1662, and removed to Cambridge about 1672.
He married, Oct. 15, 1662, Sarah Parker. On the court files of 1678, he is styled
"physician." He died Sept. 16, 1679, according to the town record, — or Oct. 28, 1679,
as inscribed on his headstone, — "aged 39 years."

Joseph Lyall (1668), of Boston, son of Francis Lyall (1640), was born in Boston,
March 14, 1654. Mr. Farmer says that Joseph was a lawyer. He does not appear to
be mentioned in the records of Boston.

Edward Tyng, Jr. (1668), son of Major-Gen. Edward Tyng (1642), was born in
Boston, March 26, 1649. He was a lieutenant in Capt. Davenport's company during the
Narraganset expedition. Mr. Drake, in the Old Indian Chronicle, says : " Before our

John Crafts (1668). Authorities: Savage's Edward Tyng, Jr. (1668.) AuTHoRrrv: Sav-

Gen. Diet.; New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1880. age's Gen. Diet.

Thomas Foster (1668). Authority: New
Eng. Hist, and flcn. Reg., 1872, p. 395.

2 12 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1669-70

men came up to take possession of the Fort, the Indians shot three bullets through Capt
Davenport [son of Richard (1639)], whereupon he bled extreamel)', and immediately
called for his Lieutenant, Mr. Edward Tyng [1668], and committed the charge of the
Company to him."

In 1680, Lieut. Tyng (1668) removed to Falmouth (Portland), and soon after
married Elizabeth Clark. He was in command of Fort Loyal in 1680 and 1681 ; a
councillor and magistrate under President Danforth ; in 16S6, was one of the council of
his brother-in-law, Gov. Joseph Dudley (1677), ^"d afterward under Andros, who
made him lieutenant-colonel. He commanded in the province of Sagadahoc in 1688
and 1689.

After Nova Scotia was conquered, he was made Governor of Annapolis, and on his
voyage to that colony he was taken by the French, and carried to France, where he
died. Administration on his estate was granted his brother, Jonathan, in April, 1701.

Rev. John Wilson, of Medfield, delivered the Artillery election sermon in 166S.
He was a son of Rev. John Wilson, the first pastor of the First Church in Boston, and a
nephew of Capt. Robert Keayne (1637). Rev. John, Jr., was bom in England in
September, 162 1 ; graduated at Harvard College in its first graduated class, 1642 ; joined
the First Church in Boston, March 3, 1644, and was ordained as colleague with Rev.
Richard Mather, at Dorchester, in 1649. He settled at Medfield in 1651, and there
preached until his decease, Aug. 23, 1691.

^ ^ The officers elected were : Peter Oliver (1643), captain ; Richard

J QQQ"VQ^ Woodde (1642), lieutenant; Richard Way (1642), ensign. Simon

■^ ' Lynde (1658) was first sergeant; Ephraim Turner (1663), second

sergeant; Freegrace Bendall (1667), clerk; John Audlin (1638), armorer, and Joshua

Hughes, drummer.

March 14, 1669-70, Capt. Peter Oliver (1643) ^^^^ chosen "sealer of waights &
Measures," as appears by the Boston Town Records. April 16, 1670, it is recorded in
them, that " vpon the decease of Cap' Peter OUiuer [1643] Cap' James OUiuer [1640]
is chosen sealer of waights & measures."

He died while in command of the Artillery Company, — the second instance of the
kind, the first being that of Major-Gen. Gibbons (1637), who died Dec. 9, 1654.

The new members recruited in 1669-70 were : James Russell and Edward
Shippen.

James Russell (1669), of Charlestown, born Oct. 4, 1640, was the eldest son of
Hon. Richard Russell (1644), who settled in Charlestown in 1640. James (1669)
married (i) Mabel, daughter of Gov. Haynes (1639), of Connecticut, and (3) Mary,
daughter of Henry Walcott. His fourth wife was Abigail (Hathorne) Curwin. He was
admitted a freeman in 166S; was representative in 1679; treasurer of the colony, i6So

Rev. John Wilson. Authorities: Savage's Hist, of Middlesex Co.. \'ol. I., pp. 28, 29; New

Clen. Diet.; Sprague's Annals of American Pulpit; Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1S75; Savage's Gen.

Tililcn's Hist, of Medlield. Diet.; Frothingham's Hist, of Charlestown.

James Russell (1669). Authorities: Hurd's

1669-70] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 213

to 1685 ; judge of probate, June 18, 1692 ; judge of the Court of Common Pleas, 1692 to
1707; one of the Governor's council, 1692 to 170S, and a member of the Council of
Safety in 1689. He was first sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1672.

A slab in the burying-ground in Charlestown, still standing, has upon it this inscrip-
tion : " Here lies interred the body of James Russell Esqr Son of Richard and Maud
his wife, who was born in this town Oct. 4, 1640, and was elected Counsellor for the
Colony in the year 1680. He was annually chosen saving those few years in the reign
of King James when the people were deprived of that privilege. He also served God
and his Country in many other eminent stations as a Treasurer, a Judge, and in other
places of great trust, all which he discharged as becomes a faithful steward. He
exchanged Earth for Heaven on Thursday April 28, 1709."

Edward Shippen (1669), the son of William Shippen, was born in England in
1639. He came to New England in 1668, and settled in Boston, where he engaged in
mercantile pursuits with great success. He owned a house and two acres of ground,
which included what is now Tremont Row, and a part of Scollay Square. He bought
this property, previously owned by David Yale (1640), who purchased it of Edward
Bendall (1638), in 1678, and sold it in 1702. He was a member of the church, and a
popular citizen until 1671, when he married Elizabeth Lybrand, a Quakeress, and joined
the Society of Friends. He became at once a mark for New England intolerance and
fanaticism, and was forced to take his share of the "jailments" and scourgings which
were visited upon his sect. In 1693, a meteor appeared in the Massachusetts atmos-
phere, and was made the signal for a fresh persecution of Quakers and Baptists, during
which Mr. Shippen (1669) was banished. He went to Philadelphia, bought a lot, built
a house, and by the end of 1694 had closed up his business in Boston and removed his
family and effects to the new city, having first erected a memorial "on the green," near
a " pair of gallows, where several of our friends had suffered death for the truth and were
thrown into a hole."

Mr. Shippen (1669) was a man of wealth, talents, and high character, and his
mansion was a "princely place." He soon stepped to the front in the new community,
and Penn lavished honors and ofifices upon him. He was early chosen to the assembly,
and was its speaker in 1695 ; the first mayor of Philadelphia under the charter of 1701,
and in 1702-4 president of the council after Andrew Hamilton's death, and ex-offia'o
deputy-governor of the province until Penn sertt over his son, William, Jr., and John
Evans, to supersede him.

In 1704, Mr. Shippen (1669) married his third wife, Elizabeth James, and as she
was not a Quakeress he withdrew himself from the society, but continued on good terms
with it, and prominent in public affairs, until his death, Oct. 2, 1712.

Rev. Samuel Torrey, of Weymouth, delivered the Artillery election sermon of
1669. He was a son of Capt. William Torrey (1641), who came over in 1640, bringing
his son, Samuel. They came from Combe St. Nicholas, Somerset County, England, and
settled in Weymouth. He entered Harvard College, but left at the expiration of three
years. He continued his studies, however, and was ordained Feb. 14, 1665, to succeed

Edward Shippen (1669). Authorities: Sav- Rev. Samuel Torrey. Authorities: Sav-

age's Gen. Diet,; Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A. age's Gen. Diet. ; Eliot's Biog. Diet.
Company, Ed. 1S42.

214 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1670-1

Rev. Thomas Thacher at Weymouth. He preached the election sermon before the Legis-
lature in 1674, 1683, and 1695, an honor conferred in no other instance in Massachu-
setts. He was twice chosen president of Harvard College, but declined both elections.

He married, (i) May 15, 1657, Mary, daughter of Edward Rawson, and, (2) July 30,
1695, Mary, widow of William Symmes.

He was admitted a freeman in 1669, and, having preached more than fifty years,
died April 21, 1707, aged seventy-five years.

^ The officers elected were: John Leverett (1639), captain; John

I OT'O" I . Richards (1644), lieutenant; Laurence Hammond (1666), ensign.

• Elisha Hutchinson (1670) was first sergeant; Thomas Snawsnell (1666),

second sergeant; Freegrace Bendall (1667), clerk; John Audlin (163 8), armorer, and

Joshua Hughes, drummer.

The new members recruited in 1670-1 were : Elisha Hutchinson, Thomas Norman,
Samuel Shrimpton, and Jonathan Tyng.

Elisha Hutchinson (1670), son of Capt. Edward (1638), was born in Boston,
Nov. 16, 1641. He was admitted a freeman in 1666; represented Boston in the
General Court from 1680 to 1683; was selectman from 1678 to 1687 inclusive, except
1681 ; assistant in 1684, 1685, and 1686; was one of the council in 1689, and under
the new or provincial charter, in 1692, he was a councillor, and was continued in that
office until his death, Dec. 10, 171 7. He was a captain in the Boston militia, and
sergeant-major of the regiment, succeeding John Richards (1644), and was the last
person who held that office. On the reorganization of the militia, he was made major
of the Suffolk Regiment under Col. Shrimpton (1670) ; in 1694 was promoted to be
lieutenant-colonel, and in 1699 to be colonel, which office he held until 1703. In 1692,
he was appointed commander-in-chief of the forces sent against the French and Indians,
then in arms in the Province of Maine, and in 1702 was commander of the Castle.
He was first sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1670, ensign in 1 671, lieutenant in
1674, and its captain in 1676, 1684, 1690, and 1697. Mr. Whitman (1810) adds,
Col. Hutchinson (1670) "continued a member through the troubles of Andros's admin-
istration, and was [one of] the principal and leading characters who caused the
resuscitation of the Company afterwards, being chosen in the autumn of 1690 to
command a second [third] time, until the next anniversary election." He was a
member of the Company for forty-seven years.

He married, (i) Nov. 19, 1665, Hannah, daughter of Capt. Thomas Hawkins
(1638), who died Oct. 9, 1676, and, (2) Sept. 12, 1677, Elizabeth (Clarke) Freak,
daughter of Major Thomas Clarke (1644). The store and property of Major Clarke
(1644), an eminent merchant of Boston, at the North End, long continued in the

Elisha Hutchinson (1669). Authorities: lency the Governor, Lt Gov. Dumer; Col Tailer;

New Eng. Ilist. and Gen. Reg., 1847, 3°°; 1S65, Sain'l Sewall, Col. Townsend, Simeon Stodd.inl, esi].

15 ; Report of r.oston Rec. Com., 1634-1660, f/jty.,- Was buried in the South burying place, in Mr.

Savage's Gen. Diet.; Mem. Ilist. of Boston, Vol. II., Freaks Toml), where his last wife was buried. Now

p. 462; Whitman's Ilist. A. and H. A. Company. . I have been a Bearer to three of my Wives Bearers

"[1717] Dec. 13. Col Hutchinson is buried, in less than two Moneths lime." — Sc.i'all Papers,

the Regiment being in Arms. Bearers, His Excel- Vol. III., /. 155.

1670-1] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 21 5

family, and a part became afterward known as Hutchinson's Wliarf. His house was in
the North Square. " This part of the town, about his day, became the ' Court End,'
where the heaviest shipping laded and unladed and the most extensive business was
transacted." His son, Thomas, vvho was grandfather of Gov. Hutchinson of Revolution-
ary fame, joined the Artillery Company in 1694.

In 1695-6, the General Court gave the monopoly of making salt "after the manner
as it is made in France," for fourteen years, to Elisha Hutchinson (1670) and two other
merchants of Boston. They set up their works on the marshes by the Neck, toward
Roxbury. In 17 16, they admitted to their number eleven associates, of whom eight
were members of the Artillery Company.

He was in London in 1688, and joined in a remonstrance to King James II. He
had been commander at Castle Island, and sustained that office when Dudley arrived,
but was removed to make way for the new order of things, and was succeeded by
Lieut.-Gov. Povey, after which, and until the Revolution, ihat office was a sinecure. He
was one of the commissioners, with Col. Townsend (1674) and President Leverett
(1704), son of Hudson Leverett (1658), to Port Royal, in 1707, and commander of the
colonial forces when the new charter arrived.

Thomas Norman (1670), of Pjoston in 1670-4, probably removed to Topsfield,
where he was living when made a freeman in 1681.

Samuel Shrimpton (1670), of Boston, son of Henry, of Boston, and cousin of
Jonathan (1665), was born in Boston, May 31, 1643, and became a freeman in 1673.
In March of the latter year, having been elected constable, he expressed his desire in
public meeting to pay a fine of ten pounds rather than serve in that office, " which was
accepted by the town." He was ensign of the Artillery Company in 1672, lieutenant
in 1673, and its captain in 1694. He was very active in the revival of the Company
after Andros's administration, and was made colonel of the Suffolk Regiment April
20, 16S9 — being the first person who held that office after the abolition of the office of
sergeant-major as the commander of a regiment. He died while holding the office
of colonel, Feb. 9, 1698, aged fifty-five years.

Col. Shrimpton (1670) was a large landholder. In 1673, he purchased of John
Turner a piece of land "on the way leading up from the training field to Gentry hill,"
which is a part of the present State House estate. After John Turner's death, in 1681,
Col. Shrimpton (1670) bought of his executors the remainder of the summit of Beacon
Hill, reserving unto the town of Boston its " privileges and interest on the top of said
hill and passage from the Common thereto." He also owned a piece of land in King
Street, now occupied by the Union Bank building, and on account of this possession
Exchange Street was for many years known as Shrimpton's Lane.

Thomas Norman (1670). Authority: Sav- Sam' Shrimpton was buried with Arms: Ten Com-

age's Gen. Diet. panics, 8 [Boston companies], Muddy River and

Samuel Shrimpton (1670). Authorities: Sconce: No Horse nor Trumpet : butahorseled —

Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A. Company; Savage's Mr. Dyers, the colonel's would not endure the

Gen. Diet.; Province Laws of Mass. Bay; New Eng. cloathing: Mourning coach also .and Horses in

Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1854, 1861, i8Sg; Sumner's Mourning: Scutcheon on their sides and Death

Hist, of East Boston. he.ads on their foreheads: Coach stood by the way

"[1697-8] Fourth day Febr 9. Last night here and there and mov'd solitarily. ... Capt Clark

about nine of ye Clock, Col Shrimpton dyes of an fired twelve great guns at the Sconce." — St-wo//

Apoplexy. . . . Second day Febr 14. 1697/8. Col. /'a/f«, //. 470, 471.

2l6 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1670-1

He was one of Sir Edmund Andres's council in 1687, "without partaking in his
tyranny"; one of the Council of Safety in 1689, and a councillor at large in 1695-7.
He was very wealthy, and an old almanac calls him, "Vir patria clams." He was an
ancestor of Gen. William H. Sumner (1819), who, in his History of East Boston, gives
an extended account of Col. Samuel Shrimpton (1670).

Jonathan Tyng (1670), of Dunstable, son of Edward Tyng (1642), of Boston, was
born in Boston, Dec. 15, 1642. He married, first, Sarah, daughter of Hezekiah Usher
(1638). He removed from Boston to Dunstable about 1678, and thence to Woburn
about 1 700. At the latter place, he married, second, Sarah, widow of Humphrey Davie
(1665), and his third wife was Judith, daughter of John Rayner. He was of the royal
council in 1686 and 1687, but did not partake of the principles of Andros; was a
magistrate and representative under the new charter, in 1692, and died Jan. 19, 1724.
His children settled in Tyngsbprough and Chelmsford, Mass. His name is perpetuated
in Tyng's Island, in the Merrimack, above Lowell.

Tyng's Island was visited by the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company during
its fall parade in October, 1879, and again it visited the island in June, 1888, in company
with its guests, — members of the Honourable Artillery Company of London, — by invi-
tation of the Martin Luther Society of Lowell, Mass.

Jonathan Tyng (1670) passed through the lower grades in the militia; was major
in 1697, lieutenant-colonel in 1702, and colonel of the Upper Middlesex Regiment
in 1703.

The Nnvs-Letter, No. 1043, one of the earliest newspapers in New England, says,
"Woburn, Lord's Day, January 19, 1723-4. We were entertained with a very loud
vieinento moi-i. The Hon. Col. Jonathan Tyng, Esq., walking to the place of public
worship in the afternoon, expired as soon as he got into his seat, during the time of the
first prayer, aged 81. His faith and holiness were so apparent, that we were persuaded
he was conveyed to the assembly of the first born in Heaven, to bear a part with them
in glorifying their Creator and Redeemer."

Rev. John Oxenbridge, of Boston, delivered the Artillery election sermon of 1670.
He was born Jan. 30, 1 609, at Daventry, England ; entered Lincoln College, Oxford,
June 20, 1623, but was subsequently transferred to Cambridge, where he received the
degree of A. B. in 1631. He taught at Magdalen Hall, and in 1634 went to Bermuda
and took charge of a church. He returned to England in a few years, but being cut off
by the Act of LTniformity of 1662, he went to Surinam, thence to Barbadoes, and in 1669
came to New England. He was installed in April of that year as colleague with Rev.
James Allen, pastor of the First Church. He was admitted a freeman in 1670, and
died Dec. 28, 1674.

Jonathan Tyng (1670). Authorities: Fox's Rev. John Oxenbridge. Authorities:

Hist, of Old Dunstable, pp. 104, 105; Ilunl's Hist. Mather's Magnalia; Emerson's Hist, of the First

of Miilcllesex Co., Vol. I., pp. 29, 3S5; Province Church; Brooks's Lives; Sprague's Annals of Amer-

Laws of Mass. Bay, Vol. VH. ; Records of Mass. Bay. ican Pulpit.

1671-2] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 217

- Thi; officers elected were: John Hull (1660), captain; Richartl

TQ'TT-O^Way (1642), lieutenant; P21isha Hutchinson (1670), ensign. William

• Kent (1667) was first sergeant; Philip Curtis (1666), second sergeant;

Freegrace Bendall (1667), clerk; John Audlin (1638), armorer, and Joshua Hughes,

drummer.

The new members recruited in 167 1-2 were: Benjamin Alford, Thomas Bendish,
Jeremiah Dummer, John Lowle, John Morse, Nehemiah Pierce, Thomas Thacher, Jr.,
John Walley, and John Wing.

Benjamin Alford (167 1), of Boston, merchant, was second sergeant of the Artillery
Company in 16S1, and ensign in 1685. He was elected constable of Boston in 1685-6,
and, refusing to serve, was fined ten pounds. From June 24, 1689, to 1693, he was
annually chosen one of a committee to audit the books of the town treasurer. His will,
dated Feb. 19, 1696-7, was proved Feb. 28, 1709. Of his sons, John was a member of
the Artillery Company in 1714, and James in 1713. Major Benjamin Davis, his brother-
in-law, joined the Artillery Company in 1673. ^^f- Savage says that previous to Mr.
Alford's residence in Boston he had been a prisoner in Barbary.

Thomas Bendish (1671). " Perhaps only a transient visitor."

Jeremiah Dummer (1671), of Boston, son of Richard, of Newbury, was born
Sept. 14, 1645. He was a goldsmith, and served his apprenticeship with John Hull
(1660), the mint-master. He married Ann, sister of Joshua Atwater (1677), of Boston.
They had Jeremy, "H. C. 1699; a lawyer, agent at Queen Anne's court, wit, and friend
of St. John, Viscount Bolingbroke," etc. ; and William (1702), lieutenant-governor of the
province, beside other children. Mr. Dummer'('i67i) was admitted a freeman in 1680,
was one^ of the Council of Safety in 1689, and died May 25, 1718.

He was second sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1679. From the Records of
the Town of Boston, we learn that Mr. Dummer was a constable in 1675-6; a member
of Capt. Hutchinson's company in 1684; selectman from 1690 to 1692; commissioner
in 1691 ; treasurer of the county in 1701, and justice of the peace from 1693 until his
decease in 17 18.

The Boston A^ews-Le//er of June 2, 1718, said, "On the 2Sth, past, departed this
life Jeremiah Dummer, Esq., in the 73d year of his age, after a long retirement, under
great infirmities of age and sickness ; having served his country faithfully in several
public stations, and obtained of all that knew him the character of a just, virtuous, and
pious man ; and was honorably interred on Thursday last."

Benjamin Alford (1671). Authorities: Gash at which much blood Issued: He was so

Foote's Annals of King's Chapel, Vol. L, p. 89; stun'd as to be as dead when Mr. John Winthrop

Savage's Gen. Diet. took him up." — SewallPapers,Vol.II.,p.l2l. j,^y

Jeremiah Dummer (1671). Authorities: " [1718] May 24111 This day Capt Dummer ^^

Savage's Gen. Diet.; Whitman's Hist. A. and H. dies. . . . [May] 29. . . . Capt Dumer buried."— ^

A. Company, Ed. 1842; New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Seioall Papers, Vol. III., p. 1S5.

Reg., 1S81, 1887, 1890. His son, Jeremiah, Jr., brother of William Dum-

"Jan'y 30. 1704-5. . . . Cousin Jer Dumer, mer (1702), was the well-known agent ol the

Philosophi.ae Dr., going out of the Town house colonies, and died in England, May 19, 1739. A

about 8 at night, fell by reason of the Ice, hit his London newspaper of May 26, 1739, called him

left Temple against a piece of Brick-batt, Cut a great " the brightest Genius of that Time."

2lS HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1671-2

John Lowie (167 1), now spelled Lowell, of Boston, a cooper, son of John, of New-
bury, was born in England, and was brought to America in 1639. He married (i)
Hannah, daughter of George Proctor, of Dorchester; (2) Jan. 24, 1659, Elizabeth
Sylvester; and, (3) in 1666, Naomi, a sister of his second wife. He died June 7, 1694.
He was constable of Boston in 1663-4, and in 1667 was complained of as encumbering
the street opposite his shop. He asked permission in 1669-70 to wharf out on the
point of Fort Hill, and in 1685-6 held town oiTice. His son, Ebenezer (17 11), a cord-
wainer, was the father of Rev. John Lowell, of Newburyport, whose son, John (Harv.
Coll., 1760), was distinguished as a judge.

John Morse (167 1), a son of John, of Dedham, who removed to Boston in 165^4,
was born June 8, 1639. He was a shopkeeper, and was elected clerk of the Artillery
Company from 1673 to 1677. He was constable of Boston in 1671, and clerk of the
market in 1674. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Zacheus Bosworth (1650); was
admitted a freeman in 1669, and served as a commissary in King Phihp's War. He
died Oct. 25, 1678.

Nehemiah Pierce (1671), of Boston in 1661, a cooper, was a son of John, of Dor-
chester, and was born in 1639. He married, in 1684 (perhaps second wife), Ann, widow
of Capt. Samuel Moseley (1672), and eldest daughter of Isaac Addington (1652).
March 11, 1689-90, he was chosen by the selectmen to inspect "Chimnys" that are
" insufifitient and danger[ous]."

Mr. Pierce (1671) died prior to April 28, 1691, when administration was given to
his widow.

Thomas Thacher, Jr. (1671), of Boston, merchant, son of Rev. Thomas Thacher,
the first minister of the Old South Church, married Mary, daughter of Thomas Savage
(1637). He was second sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1674, and ensign in 1675.
He died at Boston, April 2, 1686. His father delivered the Artillery election sermon in
1654 and 1671 ; his brother, Peter, in 1695, and his son, Peter, in 1712.

John Walley (1671), of Boston, son of Rev. Thomas VValley, of London, afterward
of Barnstable, Mass., came to New England before his father. He became a freeman in
1673 ; lieutenant in the militia in 1678 ; captain in 1679 ; was elected major of the Bos-
ton regiment in 1699, and soon after was colonel. In 1683, he lived at Barnstable ; was
engaged in the settlement of Bristol in 1684 ; was assistant in the Plymouth Colony, and
was one of the council named in the royal commission of Andros. He held the oflice of

John LowIe (1671). Authorities: Savage's major commandant of the regiment composed of all

Gen. Diet.; Bridgman's Pilgrims of Boston, p. 304. the militia in that county." — AIS. of Gen. Ebenezer

John Morse (1671). Authority: Savage's /F. y'«>c^ (1852).
Gen. Diet. "Sixth-day Jany 11, 1711-12, Major John Wal-

John Walley (1671). Authorities: Mem. ley dies. I was at prayer with him last night. Mr.
Hist, of Boston, Vol. II.; llinkley Papers, published Pemberton pray'd excellently. He was a good neigh-
by Mass. Hist. Soc; Bridgman's Pilgrims of Boston, l>or, a publick spirited Man, a Purchaser and prin-
p. 34; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Whitman's Hist. A. cipal .Settler of ISristol.
and II. A. Company, Ed. 1842. "Fifth-day Jan 17. . . . Went to Funeral of

" He resided for a time in Bristol, then the shire Major Walley. . . . Tomb in the new Burying

town of Bristol County, Mass, He was an early, and place." — Sewall Papers, Vol. II., f. 232.
perhaps the earliest, treasurer of that county, and

1671-2] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 219

major, though he commanded a regiment under Gov. Phips, against the French and
Indians, in 1690. He was the chief military officer of that expedition against Quebec,
Feb. 12, 1689. He rose to be lieutenant-general of his Majesty's forces, and, Mr. Whit-
man (18 10) adds, is the only person on the roll that ever sustained that rank. He was
a member of the council under the new charter of 1692, and, by the Governor and coun-
cil, was appointed one of the judges of the Superior Court, June 7, 1 700, and served for
eleven years. He was first sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1676, lieutenant in 1678,
and captain in 1679, 1699, and 1707. At the last two elections, he is styled lieutenant-
general. He was a member of the Company for thirty-six years, and was active in its
revival.

"At the first election under the new charter," says Mr. Hutchinson, " it was made
a question whether, by the General Court or Assembly was intended the House of Rep-
resentatives only, or the whole three branches ; and it is handed down to us by tradition,
that after some time spent in messages and replies, the council of the former year gave
up the point and sent Major Walley [1671], one of their number, to acquaint the speaker
with it ; but when he came to the door, he heard the speaker putting the question to the
House, and finding they had conceded to the council, he returned without delivering the
message ; and a committee coming soon after from the House, to bring up the vote, the
council by this accident retained a privilege which they have been in the exercise of
ever since."

His tombstone says he died Jan. 11, 1711-12, aged sixty-nine. In his will, he gave
one hundred pounds to Harvard College, twenty pounds and his silver tankard to the
Old South Church, where he was a member, and also a donation to Harvard College
towards the " support of two hopeful scholars, such as the President and Ministers of
the church in Cambridge and the Old South ministers approve." His inventory was
^16,805 iSj-. bd., and his debts ^9,061 i\s. <^d.

His mansion and grounds were on Water Street, the latter extending through to
Milk Street, and, on the water side, terminated in a wharf. At his death, the property
descended to his son, John, on whose death, in 1755, the house was advertised as
containing " twenty rooms."

John Wing (167 1), of Boston, master-mariner and shopkeeper, son of Robert, of
Boston, was born July 22, 1637, and married Josebeth, daughter of James Davis (1651).
He was second sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1673, ensign in 1677, lieutenant
in 1682, and captain in 1693. He was a very thrifty man, for as early as 1674 he made
a mortgage to Samuel Shrimpton (1670) for four thousand two hundred pounds,
secured by Castle Tavern and other estate, of which part was near the Common, and
this mortgage was discharged in three years. He took an active part in the resuscitation
of the Company after Andros's usurpation, and continued a member until his death.
He died Feb. 22, 1703. His will of Feb. 24, 1702, was proved March 12, 1703. The
appraisers of his estate were H. Deering (1682), and John Marion, Jr. (1691). He
was a member of the Old South Church.

Rev. Thomas Thacher, of Boston, delivered the Artillery election sermon of 167 1,
also in 1654. He became a freeman in 1645. He removed to Boston, and joined the

John Wing (1671). Authorities : New Eng. Rev. Thomas Thacher. Authorities: Sav-

Hist. and Gen. Reg., 1879, p. 406; Sav.ige's Gen. age's Gen. Diet.; Wisner's and Hill's Ilists. ofOld

Diet.; Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A. Company, South Church; Mather's Magualia; Sprague's An-

Ed. 1842; Hill's Hist, of Old South Church. nals of American Pulpit.

220 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND Lm^S

First Church Aug. 4, 1667. In October, 1669, he was dismissed to the First Church in
Charlestown, and became the first settled pastor over the Third, or Old South, Church.
He was held in high esteem, and continued as its pastor until his decease, Oct. 15,
1678. His second wife was Margaret, the widow of Jacob Sheafe (1648). She survived
her husband, but died in 1693, leaving her landed estate to her two daughters, who
had two streets laid out through it, one called Margaret Street, and the other Sheafe
Street.

6 The officers elected were : William Davis (1643), captain ; Laurence

■TO- 9 Hammond (1666), lieutenant; Samuel Shrimpton (1670), ensign.
' «J lames Russell (1669) was first sergeant; John Coney (1662), second

sergeant; Freegrace Bendall (1667), clerk; John Audlin (1638), armorer, and Joshua
Hughes, drummer.

The new members recruited in 1672-3 were: Peter Bennett, Daniel Davison, and
Samuel Moseley.

Peter Bennett (1672), of Boston, housewright, son of Richard, of Salem in 1636,
but removed to Boston before 1642, was born Jan. 18, 1649, '" Boston. Both Peter
(1672) and his wife, Mary Porter, died before his father, Richard, whose will was
proved Sept. 8, 1677. Peter Bennett (1672) was second sergeant of the Artillery
Company in 1675, and a soldier in King Philip's War.

Daniel Davison (1672), of Charlestown, son of Nicholas Davison (1648), of
Charlestown, was probably born in that town, where he had children by his wife, Abigail
Coffin, in 1676 and 1677. He was a merchant. He removed to Ipswich, and thence
to Newbury. He was a man of note, active in military matters, and at one time was
major of an Essex County regiment. He represented Newbury in the General Court in
1697, 1698, and 1701, and was appointed on a committee to prepare an address to the
King, and on another to give instructions to their newly-appointed agent, Wait Winthrop
(1692), who was to " negotiate their affairs in England."

Samuel Moseley (1672), of Dorchester, a cooper, removed early to Boston, and
was a son of Henry Maudsley — Moseley — (1643), of Braintree. Samuel (1672) was
born in Braintree, June 14, 164 1. In the way of trade, he visited Jamaica and other
parts of the West Indies, where the adventurous spirit was excited and schooled, the
result of which was his bringing home to Boston two prizes from some unmentioned
enemy. Mr. Hutchinson says he " had been an old privateer at Jamaica, probably of
such as were called buccaneers." He was a captain in King Philip's War, " showed
o-allant spirit, had great success in destroying the Indians, and by some was thought to
take too great delight in that exercise."

Rev. Edward E. Hale, in the Memorial History of Boston, Vol. I., p. 313, says, after
relating of the departure of Capts. Henchman (1675) and Prentice for the seat of King

Peter Bennett (1672). Authorities: Sav- and Resolves uf Prov. of Mass. Bay, Vol. VH.; Sav-
age's Con. Diet.; lioilge's Soliliers in King Philip's age's Gen. Diet.
War, pp. 91, 130. Samuel Moseley(i672). Authorities : Sav-

Daniel Davison (1672). Authorities: Laws age's Gen. Diet. ; Mather's Magnalia, Vol. II.

1673-4] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANV. 221

Philip's War, " He [Samuel Moseley] had beat up for volunteers in Boston, and with
one hundred and ten men, who were called ' privateers,' had made a quick march,"
overtook the other companies, and all arrived together at Swansea. Probably they were
called privateers on account of the former occupation of Capt. Moseley (1672).
Again, Mr. Hale says, same volume, p. 320, "Of all these commanders, Samuel Moseley
[1672] is he who would figure most brilliantly in a romance. He had been, perhaps,
what we call a privateer. He had a rough-and-ready way with him, and indulged his
prejudices to the country's injury. It was he who, in this western campaign, took
fifteen friendly Indians from their fort at Marlborough, and sent them under guard, tied
to each other, to Boston, to be tried for the attack on Lancaster. It was he of whom
the old story is told, that he took off his wig and hung it on a tree that he might fight
more coolly, — to the great terror of the enemy, who thought there was little use in
scalping such a man. It was he who, next year, in proposing to raise another company,
said he would take for pay the captives and plunder, — and was permitted to do so. He
was a lesser Garibaldi, and, it need hardly be added, was always in hot water."

He married Ann, eldest daughter of Isaac Addington (1652) ; had three children,
and died in January, 1679-80. He was first sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1673.

Rev. Urian Oakes, of Cambridge, delivered the Artillery election sermon of 1673.
He was born in England in 1631, came to New England with his parents in 1634, and
graduated at Harvard College in 1649. Subsequently he returned to England, settled
as pastor at Titchfield, where he married Ruth Ames. His wife having died, he came
back to New England. He was installed pastor of the church at Cambridge, Nov. 8,
1671 ; became a freeman in 1672, and in April, 1675, was chosen president of Harvard
College, succeeding Rev. Leonard Hoar. He was re-elected in February, 1679, and
died suddenly, July 25, 1681.

^ The officers elected were : Thomas Clarke (1644), captain; Samuel

I 0/ '^'ZL. Shrimpton (1670), lieutenant, and Willian) Kent (1667), ensign. Samuel

• "^ I Moseley (1672) was first sergeant; John Wing (1671), second sergeant;
John Morse (1671), clerk; John Audlin (1638), armorer, and Joshua Hughes, drummer.

In 1673, the General Court of Massachusetts desired Mr. Hezekiah Usher (1665)
to purchase in England " five hundred new snaphances or firelock muskets." As an
Indian war became probable, military men perceived that matchlocks and pikes, however
efficient in European warfare, would be of little avail against nimble Indians, who never
faced their foe in the open field.

The charter of the Company provided : "sthly. The said Military Company are to
have one thousand acres of land," etc. At the session of the General Court which
convened Oct. 7, 1641, a committee was appointed to accompany Mr. John Oliver
(1637) "to see the Artillery land laid out, and make return to the next Court." No
return is found in the records. Nov. i, 1654, the General Court appointed another
committee to "sett out the thousand acres," between Cambridge and Concord. That

Rev. Urian Oakes. Autiiukities: Histories " 16S5, Tuesday Sept"- 15. Take leav uf Mr.

of ITarv. Coll.; Mather's Magnalia; Sprague's An- Bond and give him Mr. ( )akes Artillery Sermon to

nals of American Pulpit; Savage's Gen. Diet.; read at Sea, stitched in Marble paper." — Snvall

Paige's Hist, of Cambridge. Papers, Vol. /., /. 96.

222 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1673-4

committee reported in June, 1655, that there were not a thousand acres of fit land there,
but the Artillery Company might have five hundred acres there, and five hundred in
"the southwest of Meadfield." May 15, 1657, the General Court re-affirmed this grant
of the first five hundred, and ordered the second five hundred to be laid out adjoining
the first five hundred, " else on the southwest of Meadefield." This grant does not seem
to have been acceptable, and nothing more in regard to that grant appears upon the
records of the colony until Oct. 15, 1673, when it was recorded, —

"Artillery of Boston, theire farme layd out September 11* 1673, one thousand of
acres of vpland & meadow, and is from a red oake tree marked A, by a gully side, on
the banke of Merrimake Riuer, on a straight lyin, wesb : south one mile and three
quarters, by marked trees, vnto a pine at B, by a meadow called Spectacle Meadow ;
from B to C, and about the Meadow to D, taking in those two first patches of meadow,
wch meadow is estimated at thirty acres ; from D to E, by the brooke called Specticle
Brooke, which brooke runs into Nashaway Riuer : from E to F, by Nashaway or Watan-
anock Riuer into Merrimak Riuer. The Court doeth approve of this returne, and doe
further grant the artillery Company, as an addition, the quantity of five hundred acres
more, Y" grant being above thirty years since, prouided that the five hundred acres be
laid out in some convenient place next adjoynig to the plantation now granted."

The grant was bounded east by the Merrimack River, south by the Nashua River,
west by Spectacle Brook, and eastward about one mile northerly of Nashua River. This
embraced the whole of the village of Nashville, and was called the "Artillery Farm."
This last location of the grant by the General Court was acceptable to the Artillery
Company.

Mr. John Josselyn, in his Two Voyages to New England, p. 159, describes the fort
on Castle Island as it was in 1671, Roger Clap (1646), captain, commanding : " There is
an island on the south side of the passage, containing eight acres of ground. Upon a
rising hill within this island, is mounted a castle commanding the entrance ; no stately
edifice, nor strong ; built with brick and stone ; kept by a captain, under whom is a
master-gunner, and others." This castle, or fort, was burned by accident, March 21,
1672-3. A new fort was therefore erected of stone, with four bastions, and armed with
thirty-eight guns and sixteen culverins ; there was also a small water-battery of six
guns. A royal order was published this year, stating that " each Lieutenant was to carry
a partisan, each sergeant was to carry a helbard, and each private was to carry a musquet,
with a collar of bandiliers, and also to have and to carry one bayonet or great knife.
Two drums were to be delivered to each company."

The new members recruited in 1673-4 were : John Atwood, Nathaniel Blake,
Jonathan Bridgham, Benjamin Davis, Hopestill Foster, John Hayward, Thomas Jenner,
Jacob Jesson, Francis Morse, James Pennyman, Nathaniel Pierce, John Sandys, John
Sweeting, John Taylor, John Usher, and John Waite.

John Atwood (1673), of Boston, cordwainer, son of Herman Adwood (1644), of
Boston, was born Oct. 5, 1647. He was a captain in the militia, and a deacon of the
Second Church. He was elected inspector of houses of entertainment in 1676, a sealer

John Atwood (1673). Authorities: Whit- to lay his hands on the Bible in Swearing." — Snoal/

man's Hist. A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1842; Sav- Papers, Vol. /., /. 202.
age's Gen. Diet. Under date of March 30, 16S8, Judge Sewall

"[1687-8] Wednesday Feb. 8. . . . Jno At- writes that John Atwood was imprisoned because

wood lined by Judge West marks for refusing he did not pay the 13^. ^J. which he was fined

}n£/yvvynt'

Plan °Mhe ArTi LLERY fARM^--- DunSIable,

— ^F= - N. H

MADE FROM ORICrlNAL DRAWINC-,

1673-4] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 223

of leather in 1678-9, and for several years afterward, and, when called " L' " in 1690, was
a tithing-man. He was active in reviving the Company after Andros's usurpation. He
was first sergeant of the Artillery Company in 167S, its lieutenant in 1695, and died
Aug. 26, 1 7 14.

Nathaniel Blake (1673), of Boston, son of WiUiam Blake (1646), of Dorchester,
was a constable of Boston in 1675-6, and third sergeant of the Artillery Company in
1676. He is named in his father's will of June 23, 1703.

Jonathan Bridgham (1673), of Boston, a tanner, was the eldest son of Henry
(1644), of Boston. He became a freeman in 1675, 3-nd was a member of the Old South
Church. March 31, 1673, the selectmen of Boston voted to " Let to Jonathan Bridgham
[1673] the tan pitts his Father formerly rented of the towne, from the first day of Aprill
next for the terme of 8 yeares next ensueinge, he payinge to the treasurer of the towne
for the time beinge annually on or before the said i"' day of Aprill 30^^ in money."
These tan-pits were on the south side of Water Street, near the water. Jonathan (1673)
was a constable of Boston in 1677-8, and in 1685-6 was chosen to inspect the trans-
portation of " Hydes." He was third sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1681, and
was apointed lieutenant of Capt. James Hill's (1677) company, Feb. 13, 1683-4. His
brothers, Benjamin and Joseph, became members of the Artillery Company in 1674.
He names them both in his will, made in 1689.

Benjamin Davis (1673), of Boston, was a son of Capt. Williar n Davis (1643). He
was "a" major in the militia, and became a member of the Old South Church Sept. 13,
1685. He was admitted a freeman in 1690, and was one of the founders, in 1699, and
earliest deacons of Brattle Street Church. He was third sergeant of the Artillery
Company in 1678, ensign in 1679, lieutenant in 1681, and captain in 1686. He died
Nov. 26, 1704.

Hopestill Foster (1673), of Boston, soapboiler, son of Capt. Hopestill (1642) and
Mary (Bates) Foster, of Dorchester, and father of Capt. Hopestill Foster (1694), of
Boston, was born in Dorchester (baptized), March lo, 1645. He was admitted a free-
man in 1673, and became a member of the Second Church. He married, Feb. 15,
1667, Elizabeth Payson, of Roxbury. He was first sergeant of the Artillery Company in
1675, and became a captain in the colonial militia. He served the town as constable
in 1674-5, and Dec. 28, 1676, was appointed one of a committee, as suggested by the
"Honored Council," to guard the town against a conflagration. He died in Boston,
in 1678. His widow married Edmund Brown (1692).

Feb. 8. He, however, paid the fine and charges, niissary, Mr. Stoddard [pall-bearers]. Buried at

and " Ly not in prison on night." the North; is much Lamented." — St":uall Papers,

"Aug. 26 [1714], .■\miable useful Deacon At- Vol. III., p. 17.

wood dies between 10. and 11. M. After Sermon a Jonathan Bridgham (1673). Authorities:

note was put up. Mr. Bridge in his prayer made an Boston Records; Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A.

honorable mention of him; praying that God would Company, Ed. 1842.

sanctify the awfull stroke in removing one very use- Benjamin Davis (1673). Authorities: Hist,

ful to the Town, one of the props of it." — Se-<.vall Cat. of Old South Church, p. 278; Whitman's Hist.

Papers, Vol. ///., /. 16. .\. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1842.

" Seventh-day Aug. 28, Deacon John Atwood Hopestill Foster (1673). Authorities: New

is buried; was a Great Funeral. Mr Cook and Col Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1 851, p. 399; Savage's

Hutchinson went next the relations; Sewall, Ad- Gen. Diet.; Boston Records,
dington; Ens Hutchinson, Townsend; Mr. Com-

224 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1673-4

John Hayward (1673), of Boston in 1671, scrivener, was clerk of the Artillery
Company in 1678 and 1679, and second sergeant in 1680. In 1676, Mr. John Hayward
(1673), "by a Major vote in papers," was nominated by the inhabitants to the county
court, to be appointed clerk of the writs. The Court of Assistants appointed John
Hayward postmaster for the whole colony, June i, 1677, and June 11, 1680, he was
confirmed as postmaster "until this court take other order." At the same session of the
court, he was appointed ensign of Capt. Oliver's (1640) company, and he was promoted
to be lieutenant in Capt. Townsend's (1674) company, May 11, i68r. He was later a
notary. "October 28 [1686] Let to John Hayward [1673] oi Bostone Notary or his
Assigns, the small Shop or roome that is scituate and beinge in the Towne house, at the
westerlie end thereof," etc. He died Dec. 2, 1687.

Thomas Jenner (1673), of Charlestown, "to whose father liberty of residence in
that town was given in 1636," was born in England. He joined the church in Charles-
town in 1 68 1. He is called a captain, and probably was a master-mariner. Mr.
Savage thinks he was that Thomas Jenner to whom Mr. Drake in his History of Boston
thus refers : " At Gravesend he [John Dunton, the London bookseller] found ' a fleet
bound for New England,' in which many had taken passage who had been engaged in
Monmouth's cause. Mr. Dunton had shipped a large amount of books for Boston, and
that he might divide the risk, or, as he expresses it, 'that Neptune might have two
throws at him,' he puts his ' venture ' into two ships. He was then ' in great suspense,'
he says, in which ship to trust himself. However, he went in the ' Susannah and Thomas,'
Thomas Jenner [1673], master, with thirty passengers and sixteen sailors." Mr. Dunton,
in his Life and Errors, Vol. L, p. 88, says of the captain, " A rough, covetous Tarpaulin ;
but he understood his business well enough, and had some smatterings of Divinity in
his head. He went to prayers very constantly, and took upon him to expound the
Scriptures, which gave offence to several of the passengers. The Mate and the
Boatswain were good sailors and made it their only study to dispute with tempests."
The "Susannah and Thomas" sailed from Gravesend in October, 1685, and was four
months in reaching Boston. Thomas Jenner (1673) died about 1699.

Jacob Jesson (1673), of Boston, was a merchant, and colonial agent of his brother,
Abraham, an ironmonger of London. He was chosen a constable of Boston, March 16,
1673-4, but soon after returned to England.

Francis Morse (1673), of Boston, had a wife named Elizabeth, and they had four
children born in Boston between July, 1667, and March, 1674. An error of the surname,
Morse for Moore, need not be supposed, as Mr. Whitman (1810) suggests.

James Pennyman (1673), of Boston, eldest son of James, of Boston, was baptized
March 26, 1633. He was a town officer in Boston in 167 1-2, and the last of his three
children was born Oct. 8, 1674, at which time his name disappears in the Boston Records.

John Hayward (1673). .Authorities: Whit- Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1S65, 1S82; Savage's

man's Hist. .\. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1842; Bos- Gen. Diet,

ton Records. Jacob Jesson (1673). .Vuthority : Savage's

"Friday, Dec. 2. 16S7. About 10. at night, Gen. Diet.

Mr. Ino Haytt-ard dies, having been speechless 48 Francis Morse (1673). Authority: Sav-

hours." — Sei<'a/l Papen, Vol. /., /. 196. age's Gen. Diet.

Thomas Jenner (1673). authorities : New James Pennyman (1673). Authority: Sav-
age's Gen. Diet.

1673-4J HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 22$

Nathaniel Pierce (1673), of Woburn, son of Robert Pierce, of Woburn, was born
Dec. 4, 1655. He was a soldier in King Philip's War, and was engaged in the memo-
rable Falls fight, May 19, 1676. He married (2) Elizabeth Foster, March 23, 1680. He
died before Dec. 13, 1692, when his will was probated.

John Sandys (1673), of Boston, son of Henry, merchant, of Boston and Rowley,
was born Aug. 28, 1646.

John Sweet (1673) — though given "John Sweeting" upon the oldest roll — was of
Boston in 1640. He was by trade a shipwright, or calker. He became a member of
the First Church Jan. 30, 1 640-1, and a freeman June 2, 1641. His second wife was

Susanna , by whom he had Susanna, born April 3, 1647, who became the wife of

John Oliver (1680).

John Taylor (1673), of Cambridge. Probably John Taylor who joined the Artillery
Company in 1665, restored to the roll.

John Usher (1673), oi Boston, and later of Medford, son of Ensign Hezekiah Usher
(1638), was born in Boston, April 27, 1648 He was admitted a freeman in 1673, and
at first pursued the business of his father, — stationer and bookseller. In 1672, the
General Court gave him a monopoly, for seven years, of publishing the valuable edition
of the laws of the colony. He was colonel of the Boston regiment in 1687, under
Andros's administration ; one of his councillors, and treasurer of the colony. Being
son-in-law of Samuel Allen, a London merchant, who bought out the claims of the
Mason heirs to the proprietorship of New Hampshire, he removed to Portsmouth, and
was appointed lieutenant-governor of New Hampshire in 1692, and held the office for
five years ; but, becoming unpopular with the settlers, he was succeeded by Mr. Partridge.
He was reappointed in 1702 by Gov. Dudley (1677). While residing in Portsmouth he
carried on his business on Cornhill, Boston.

Mr. Belknap, in his History of New Hampshire, says, concerning Mr. Usher (1673),
"John Usher, Esq. [1673], was a native of Boston. He was possessed of a handsome
fortune, and sustained a fair character in trade. He had been employed by the Massa-
chusetts government, when in England, 1689, to negotiate the purchase of the Province
of Maine, from the heirs of Ferdinand Gorges, and had thereby got a taste for specu-
lating in landed interest. He was one of the part owners in the million purchase, and
had sanguine expectations of gain from that quarter. He had rendered himself
unpopular among his countrymen, by accepting the office of treasurer under Sir E.
Andros, and joining with apparent zeal in the measures of that administration, and he
continued a friendly connection with that party after they were displaced.

" Though rather of an open and generous disposition, yet he wanted those accom-

Nathaniel Pierce (1673). Authority; Sav- The 30th of January was the anniversary of the

age's Gen. Diet. execution of King Charles L, observed by Royahsts

John Sweet (1673). Authority: Savage's but repudiated by Puritans.
Gen. Diet. "Aug. 21, 1726. The honble John Usher esqr

John Usher (1673). Authorities: New died y'^ (September) i. 1726 at his eountry seat

Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1877; Eliot's Biog. Diet.; near Meadford. Was brought in ihe Castle Pinnace

Histories of Medford. to Boston and buried from his own house. . . . Old

"[1711-2] Midweek Jan. 30. ... met Jno' Burying place, ^^t. yt)." — Sr.Mll Papers.
Usher Esqr, who insulted us about keeping the 30'h
1z.-a.." — Seioall Papers, Vol. II., p. 333.

226 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1674-5

plishments which he might have acquired by a learned and polite education. He had
but little of the statesman and less of the courtier. Instead of an engaging affability,
he affected a severity in his deportment, was loud in conversation and stern in command.
Fond of presiding in government, he frequently journeyed into the province, and often
summoned the council, when he had little or nothing to lay before them. He gave
orders, and found fault like one who felt himself independent, and was determined to
be obeyed. He had an high idea of his authority and the dignity of his commission ;
and when opposed and insulted, as he sometimes was, he treated the offenders with
severity, which he would not relax, till he brought them to submission. His public
speeches were always incorrect and sometimes coarse and reproachful. He seems,
however, to have taken as much care for the interest and preservation of the province,
as one in his circumstances could have done."

Mr. Whitman (1810) adds, "The Province of New Hampshire sometimes voted
him thanks for his services, and others complained of his abusing and oppressing them.
He could buy the best situated lands in the interior for 2d. to 41/. per acre, and, like
most speculators, passed through a multitude of lawsuits."

He returned to Massachusetts from Portsmouth, and withdrew to Medford, where
he died Sept. i, 1726. His widow sold his estate of five hundred and four acres and
his house to Col. Royal, Dec. 26, 1733, for ten thousand three hundred and fifty dollars.

His brother, Hezekiah, joined the Artillery Company in 1665.

John Waite (1673), of Maiden, though settled for a short time in Charlestown,
was admitted a freeman in 1647 ; was captain of the militia, and in 1685, by reason
of age and blindness, was excused, on his petition, from further service as captain. He
was a strenuous supporter of Rev. Marmaduke Matthews, in 1651, and was fined for
his opposition to authority. He served as town clerk of Maiden in 1662, and was
representative to the General Court from 1666 to 1684, and the last year was speaker.
He died Sept. 26, 1693, aged seventy-five years.

Rev. Seaborn Cotton, of Hampton, delivered the Artillery election sermon of 1673.
He was born on the ocean, Aug. 12, 1633, during the voyage of his distinguished father.
Rev. John Cotton, teacher of the First Church, and his wife, from London to Boston.
He graduated at Harvard College in 1651, became a freeman in 1655, and married
Dorothy, a daughter of Gov. Bradstreet. He was ordained at Hampton in 1660, and
died April 19, 1686.

. The officers elected were: Thomas Lake (1653), captain; Elisha

J Q'7/1- C^ Hutchinson (1670), lieutenant; Theophilus Frary ' (1666^), ensign.

* \ ^ Thomas Savage (1665) was first sergeant; Thomas Thacher, Jr. (1671),

second sergeant; John Morse (1671), clerk; Ephraim Kempthorn, armorer, and

Joshua Hughes, drummer.

A royal officer, who had been sent to America by the government of Charles H.,
said of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay in 1675, "There are men able to bear arms
between thirty ^nd forty thousand, and in the town of Boston about four thousand.

Rev. Seaborn Cotton. Authorities: Sav- Pulpit; Mather's Magnalia; New Eng. Hist, and
age's Gen. Diet.; Sprague's Annals of American Gen. Reg., 1847, pp. 164-167, 325.

'^74-5] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 227

Their trained bands are twelve troops of horse, and six thousand foot; each troop
consisting of sixty horses besides officers ; all are well mounted and completely armed
with back, breast, head-piece, buff-coat, sword, carbine, and pistols, each troop distin-
guished by their coats. The foot also are well furnished with swords, muskets, and
bandoleers. There are no pikemen, they being of no use in the wars with the Indians.
The Governor, Mr. Leverett [1639], is the only old soldier in the colony; he served
in the late rebellion under the usurper, Oliver Cromwell, as a captain of horse.

" Three miles from Boston, upon a small island, there is a castle of stone, lately
built, and in good repair, with four bastions and mounted with thirty- eight guns, sixteen
whole culverin, commodiously seated upon a rising ground sixty pace from the water-
side, under which, at high water-mark, is a stone battery of six guns. There is a small
brick fort lately made at the south end of Boston, with two tier of guns, six in each.
One platform on the north side of the town, commanding the river to Charlestown
made of loose stones and turf, is mounted with five demi-culverin and two small guns.
There are in the public stores commonly a thousand barrels of powder, with other
ammunition and arms proportionly. . . .

"At Dorchester, seven miles from Boston, is a powder-mill, in good repair, well
wrought. There is in the country great quantities of saltpetre, especially upon islands
where fowl frequent and in swamps where pigeons roost. The powder is as good and
strong as the best English powder. There is great plenty of iron ore, and as good iron
made as any in Spain. There are six forges for making iron in that colony. The town
of Boston contains about two thousand houses, most built with timber and covered with
shingles of cedar, as are most of the houses in the country ; some few are brick buildings
and covered with tiles."

The new members recruited in 1674-5 were: Thomas Bill, Moses Bradford,
Benjamin Bridgham, Joseph Bridgham, Edward Creeke, Ambrose Dawes, John Drury,
Joseph Farnam, James Green, David Hobart, Joseph Porter, Joseph Prout, Ephraim
Sale, Jabez Salter, Ephraim Savage, Robert Sedgwick, Penn Townsend, Daniel Turell, Jr.,
and Experience Willis.

Thomas Bill (1674), of Boston, came from London with his wife, Elizabeth (Sargent)
Nichols, whom he married Jan. 14, 1653. He joined the Second Church in 1670, and
was admitted a freeman in 1671. In 1673, he, with Daniel Turell, Jr. (1674), agreed
to build forty-five feet of the two thousand two hundred feet of wharfing, extending
from the Sconce to Capt. Skarlett's wharf.' In 1675, upon the death of " widow Upshall,"

' In the latter part of 1673, the Honorable Council of Massachusetts Bay recommended to the select-
men that a wall be erected from the Sconce to Skarlett's wharf, to protect the town from fire-ships, etc.
The town declined to do so, but gave power to the selectmen to dispose of the flats before the town, and
thus build the wall. The selectmen, therefore, offered the flats, or two hundred feet of them, from the
wall toward the town, to such as would engage to build the wall. Every member of the board of selectmen
except one was a member of the Artillery Company.

The following-named members of the Company engaged and promised to build the wall according
to their several subscriptions : —

Capt. Thomas Clarke .... (1644), 50 feet. Capt. Thomas Savage .... (1637), 40 feet.

Richard Way (1642), 25 " Seth Perry (lf>62), 30

Daniel Turell, Jr (1674), I „ Daniel Henchman (1675), 54

Thomas Bill (1674), \ '^•' Theodore Atkinson .... (1644), 30

William Greenough .... (1675), 3° " Obadiah Gill (1679), 20

Thomas Lake (1653), 30 " Joseph Prout (1674), 30

John Sweet ('673), 30 " Thomas Brattle ('675), 54

William Davis (1643), 40 "

Gov. John Leverett .... (1639), 210 " Total 718 feet.

228 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1674-5

wife of the late Nicholas Upshall (1637), of the Red Lion Inn, Thomas Bill (1674) was
approved by the selectmen to keep a house of public entertainment in her room and
stead, for the time remaining of her license, from Nov. i, 1675. His license was
annually renewed, and May 22, 1679, he rented the house of Mrs. Mary Lake and
was licensed to sell wine in addition. July 27, 1685, the selectmen voted, "Whereas
Thomas Bill [1674], by the providence of God is disenabled & vncapeable to manage
a publique house, and both he and his wife are content & resolued to lay downe that
imploym'; The Selectmen of this towne doe aproue of Daniel Turell, Jr. [1674], to
keepe a publique house of entertainm' & to s?ll wine, beere and cyder by retayle if the
Hon''* Countie Court shall be pleased to grant him licence to doe it in the roome and
steed of Thomas Bill [1674]." The latter died Oct. 29, 1696.

Moses Bradford (1674), of Salisbury in 1669, of Boston in 1674, son of Robert
Bradford, a tailor, was born in Boston, Aug. 2, 1644. He was a member of Major
Savage's (1665) company in April, 1681, and was chosen tithing-man therefrom, also
in April, 16S4. He was drowned in Boston Harbor, March 23, 1692.

Benjamin Bridgham (1674), of Boston, son of Henry (1644), was born May 3,
1654. He was a brother of Lieut. Jonathan (1673) and Lieut. Joseph (1674).

Joseph Bridgham (1674), of Boston, son of Henry (1644), and brother of Benjamin
(1674) and Lieut. Jonathan (1673), was born Jan. 17, 1651-2. He followed the trade
of his father, — a tanner, — and became a freeman in 1678. He was a deacon and ruling
elder of the First Church, clerk of the market in 1678-9; was elected selectman March
14, 1691-2, and at the same time the selectmen elected him recorder. He represented
Northampton in the General Court in 1690, and Boston in 1697. ^^■'- Drake remarks,
" He fell much short of Mr. Joyliffe in spelling." He afterward served on special com-
mittees of the town, and Aug. 31, 1702, the selectmen granted him liberty "to Newmake
and repaire the Cestern at the Spring formerly Called the Governors Spring," and to
carry the waste water under ground into his tanyard. Feb. 13, 1683-4, the General Court
chose and appointed "James Hill [1677] captain, Jonathan Bridgham [1673] lieutenant,
and Joseph Bridgham [1674] ensign of the foot company late under the command of
Capt. John Walley [1671]." He was first sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1691.
His son, Henry, joined the Artillery Company in 1699. He died Jan. 5, 1708-9, and
was buried in the chapel ground.

Edward Creeke (1674) was a tailor, of Boston. March 31, 1673, the selectmen
fined him twenty shillings for entertaining Frances Child, a servant from Medfield. He
was ensign of Capt. Turner's company in King Philip's War on the Connecticut River,

Thomas Bill (1674). Authorities: Boston inson: Elder Cop, Deacon John Marion; Deacon

Records; Savage's Gen. Diet. Isaiah Tay, Deacon Thomas Hubbard. Is buried

"Abigail [Willis] Bill, wife to Thomas Bill, in the Old burying place : Went up by Mr. Dudley's

aged 63 years, died Nov. 7, 1696." — Bridgman's House into King street, and so up between the

t'opp's Hill Biii'ial-Grouiid, p. 64. Town-house and Mr. Phillip's. He was a Righteous,

Moses Bradford (1674). Authority: Bos- Merciful, publicU-Spirited man, very usefull in the

ton Records. Town: was born the 17111 Jan. 1651-2." — Seionll

Joseph Bridgham (1674). .Authorities: Papers, I'd. //., p. 2^S.

Records of Mass. Bay; Boston Records. Edward Creeke ( 1674). Authorities : New

"[170S-9] Jan S. My worthy friend Mr. Eng. Hist, and Uen. Reg., 1889; Savage's Gen.

Bridgham is buried : Bearers Mr. Cook, Col Hutch- Diet.; Boston Records.

1674-5] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 229

also lieutenant with a company of thirty-four men at Wells, Sept. 7, 1676, and later was
promoted to be captain. He was second sergeant of the /Artillery Company in 16S5,
and died May 6, 1702.

Ambrose Dawes (1674), of Boston, son of William Dawes, of Braintree, a brick-
layer, was born in Braintree, July 24, 1642. Ambrose (1674) became a freeman in
1671, and married Mary, daughter of Thomas Bumstead (1647). He was probably a
brick mason, for Jan. 21, 1669-70, the selectmen appointed him and his father, William,
"to survey Chimnys." Ambrose (1674) held town ofifice in 1678 and 1683; also was
a constable in 1688, and inspector of brick in 1691. He was a member of Capt.
Savage's (1665) company, 1680 to 1686, — probably longer, — and from it was chosen as
tithing-man in 1680 and 1686. He held the same office in 1691 and 1697, when his
name disappears from the Boston town records. In 1692, he served in "his Majesty's
army at Peniaquid," as a soldier and as a workman. In this service he lost one of his
eyes, whereupon, on his petition, June 19, 1695, the provincial Legislature allowed him
ten pounds out of the public treasury.

He was the ancestor of the three patriots. Col. Thomas Dawes, Jr. (1754), William,
Sr. (1760), and William Dawes, Jr. (1768).

John Drury (1674), of Boston, carpenter, son of Hugh Drury (1659), was born in
Boston, May 2, 1646. He became a freeman in 1673, was a member of the Old South
Church, and died in 1678. He was a private in Capt. Samuel Moseley's (1672) com-
pany, which marched against the Indians at Mt. Hope in July, 1675, and returned to
Boston after twenty days' service. He was an ensign of Capt. Nathaniel Davenport's
company in King Philip's War; was in the Fort fight, Dec. 19, in which Capt. Davenport
was killed, and Lieut. Tyng (1668) assumed command, after which Ensign Drury (1674)
acted as lieutenant. He is mentioned in the town records but once, Aug. 27, 1677,
when he was ordered to replace a post, set up by order of the selectmen, at the corner
of the old meeting-house, which he, for some reason, cut down.

Joseph Farnam (1674), of Boston, became a freeman in 1674. Probably not a son
of Henry (1644), of Roxbury, as Mr. Savage says he "left an only son, Peter." In the
transcript from the tombstones in Copp's Hill Burial-Ground, by Thomas Bridgman,
this is recorded : "Joseph Farnum aged about 30 years dec'' Nove'^y''30, 1678," followed
by a sentence in Latin which is partially obliterated.

James Green (1674), of Boston, having been elected by the selectmen "culler of
staves" in 1673, and re-elected in 1674, 1675, and 1676, was probably a cooper. His
father, James, resided in Charlestown in 1646; was a member of the church there, and

"[1679] Sept. 7, being sabbath, about ten Ambrose Dawes (1674). AuTHORrriES: Bos-
o'clock, all the churches were alarmed with a fire in ton Records; Laws and Resolves of Mass. Bay, Vol.
Lieut. Edward Creek's house, which begun in a VII.; Sav.age's Gen. Diet.

garret, not near the chimney, but must needs be set John Drury (1674). AuTHORiTrES: Boston

on fire." — Diarv of John Hull. Records; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Hist. Cat. of Old

Oct. 15, 1679, Edward Creeke and wife, with South Church; Hill's I list, of Old South Church,
eight other persons, were banished from the colony James Green ( 1674). Authorities : Boston

by the General Court, these persons being "vndcr Records; Savage's Gen. Diet,
vehement suspition of attempting to burne the towne
of "Zosta-a" — Records of Mass. BAy, Vol. V.

>30

HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1674-5

at Mystic Side in 1647, when he became a freeman. James, Jr. (1674), was a member
of Capt. Hutchinson's (1670) company in April, 1681, and also was a tithing-man. He
served as constable in 1684-5, and again as tithing-man in 1690-1. His son, Richard,
joined the Artillery Company in 1694.

David Hobart (1674), of Hingham, son of Rev. Peter Hobart, was born in August,
165 1, and married (i) Joanna, daughter of the second Edmund Quincy. She died
May 18, 1695, and he married, (2) Dec. 4, 1695, Sarah Joyce, of Boston. He was
admitted a freeman in 1681 ; was a constable in 1688; selectman eight years, between
1685 and 17 14, and was representative in 1692 and 1696. He was known as " Lieu-
tenant," and was also deacon of the church in Hingham. In his will he is called a
tanner. He was a nephew of Capt. Joshua Hobart (1641), and his father delivered
the Artillery election sermon in 1655.

Lieut. David Hobart died Aug. 21, 17 17.

Joseph Porter (1674), of Roxbury, son of Edward Porter, was born May 25, 1644.
His father's farm in Roxbury was between Hawthorne Street and Walnut Avenue,
extending from Cedar Street on the north to Marcella Street on the south.

Joseph Prout (1674), of Boston, son of Timothy Prout, shipwright, of Boston, was
born about 165 1. From 1689 to 17x5 he was prominent in town matters, and held
the ofifices of town inspector, constable, assessor, selectman for several years, and town
clerk for many more, also treasurer of the town. He was on special committees, and
seems to have been efficient and popular. He died Jan. 13, 172 1, leaving a widow
and one son, Joseph.

Ephraim Sale (1674), of Boston, cooper, son of Edward, of Salem in 1635 and of
Rehoboth in 1644, married, for his second wife. Mar)', daughter of Hopestill Foster
(1673). He was third sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1679. He was appointed
lieutenant in Capt. Townsend's (1674) company, May 11, 1681 ; held town office in
1682 and 1683, and was continued in town office in 1690. Judge Sewall (1679) says,
"Lieut. Ephraim Sale [1674] died Dec. 2, 1690."

Jabez Salter (1674), of Boston, son of William, of Boston, a shoemaker, was born
in September, 1647. He died Dec. 31, 1720, and was buried in King's Chapel Burial-
Ground. He held office in the town in 1676-7, 1677-8, and 1701-2, and was fourth
sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1684.

Ephraim Savage (1674), of Boston, son of Major Thomas Savage (1637), ^"d
brother of Ebenezer (1682), Benjamin (1682), Habijah (1665), and Thomas (1665),
was born at Boston, July 20, 1645. He married (i) Mary, daughter of Edmund Quincy,
of Braintree. She was a cousin of Judge Sewall's (1679) wife, hence the judge calls

David Hobart (1674). Authorities: Lin- Ephraim Sale ('1674). Authorities: New

coin's Hist, of Hingham; Whitman's Hist. A. and New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1S47, p. 139; Sav-

H. A. Company, Ed. 1S42. age's CSen. Diet.; I'.oston Records.

Joseph Prout (1674). Authorities: Sav- Jabez Salter (1674). Authorities: King's

age's Gen. Diet.; Reports of Boston Rec. Com., Chapel Burial-Ground, by Bridgman, p. 38; Boston

1660-1715; Bond's Hist, of Watertown, pp. 409, Records; Savage's Gen. Diet.
91 1; Boston Records.

'674-5] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 23 1

Ephraim (1674) his "cousin." Ephraim Savage (1674) married, (2) in 1678, Sarali
(Walker) Hough, of Reading, and, (3) in 1688, Elizabeth (Norton) Symmes, daughter
of Francis Norton (1643). She died April 13, 1710, and he married, (4) Jan. 8, 1712-13,
Elizabeth Brown, of Boston. He graduated at Harvard College in 1662, and was admitted
a freeman in 1672. He was selectman of Boston six years, from 1693 to 1696 inclusive,
and in 1 709 and 1 7 1 o, besides holding other town offices. He was representative of Boston
from 1703 to 1708 inclusive, and in 17 10. He was appointed ensign in his father's com-
pany in 1677, and succeeded his father as captain, March 17, 1681-2. With the rank
of captain, he was second in command of the militia in Phips's disastrous expedition
against Quebec in 1690. For several years he was an officer in the Boston militia. He
was fourth sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1677, ensign in 1678, lieutenant in
1680, and its captain in 1683. He served with his father in King Philip's War, and
at the head of a company was sent to Nova Scotia in the abortive campaign of 1707.
He died in February, and was buried March 2, 1 730-1. He was a member of the Old
South Church.

Mr. Drake, in speaking of the great fire in Boston in 17 11, says, "The outhouse in
which the fire took is said to have belonged to Capt. Ephraim Savage [1674], who
then lived in Williams Court," and that the "poor woman's name was Mary Moss,"
who occasioned the fire by her "careless sottishness."

Robert Sedgwick (1674), of Charlestown, son of Robert (1637), of Charlestown,

was probably born in England. He married Sarah , and had two children. He

may have removed to Boston, for by the town records, March 20, 1678-9, a warrant
was issued to levy upon the "Estate of Robert Sedgwicke [1674] 2oj- for entertaineing
of Thomas Leachfield contrary to a towne order." He died on a return voyage from
Jamaica, and administration was granted on his estate April 26, 1683.

Penn Townsend (1674), of Boston, wine merchant, son of William, of Boston, was
born Dec. 20, 1651. He married Sarah, daughter of Isaac Addington (1652). His
second wife was Sarah's cousin, Mary Dudley, widow of Paul (1677), ^.nd daughter of
Gov. Leverett (1639). He was a member of the Old South Church. He became a
freeman in 1674; was a leading man in town affairs, generally moderator of town
meetings, selectman of Boston from 1688 to 1692 inclusive, and representative in 1686
and annually, except during Andros's rule, until 1689, and speaker of the House after-
wards. He was one of the council under the new charter, and in 1691 went as a
commissioner, with Col. Hutchinson (1670), to make peace with the Indians. He was
offered, the year before, the command of the Quebec expedition, but, Phips " offering to
go in person," Mr. Townsend (1674) "declined with thanks." He was appointed
ensign in 1675, and lieutenant in 1676. He was promoted to be captain in 1680, and
became a major in 1694, lieutenant-colonel in 1699, and colonel in 1703, holding the

Ephraim Savage (1674). Authorities: Robert Sedgwick (1674). Authorities:

Eaton's Hist, of Reading, p. ill; Wfiitman's Hist. Frothingham's Hist, uf Cliarlestown ; Savage's Gen.

A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1842; Boston Records; Diet.

Hist. Cat. of Old South Church; Hill's Hist, of ( Jld Pent! Townsend (1674)- Authorities : New

South Church. Eng. Hist, and ( ;en. Reg., 1S54, p. 184; Hill's Hist.

"Feb. 4, 1712-13. Privat Meeting at our of Old South Church; lioston Records; Records of

house, pretty number of men: Mr Tilly here: . . . Mass. Bay; Resolves of Prov. of Mass. Bay, Vol.

Sung 3 staves 27''' P's \V[indsor]. . . . Cousin VH.; Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A. Company,

[Ephraim] Savage L'674] was here with his new Ed. 1842.
wife." — Semall Papers.

232 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1675-6

latter position until 1710. He was first sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1677,
lieutenant in 1679 and 1690, and its captain in 1681, 1691, 1698, 1709, and 1723. He
was actively engaged in its revival after Gov. Andros was deposed, and accepted the
lieutenancy in 1690, becoming captain again the next year. His son, Col. Penn
Tovvnsend, Jr., became a member of the Artillery Company in 1700. Col. Town-
send (1674) was a member of the Company from 1674 until his decease, covering
a period of fifty-three years. He died Aug. 21, 1727. His tombstone is No. 30 in
the " Granary," close to the Park Street Church. There are delineations of his character
in the Boston News-Lettcr, No. 35, and in th^ sermon at his funeral, by Rev. Mr Fox-
croft. His residence was on Ann Street, near Mill Creek. Mr. Dunton, the London
bookseller, says Col. Townsend (1674) was "a gentleman very courteous and affable in
his conversation."

Daniel Turell, Jr. (1674), of Boston, blacksmith, son of Capt. Daniel (1660), of
Boston, was born Aug. 16, 1646. He joined the Second Church, Sept. 7, 1672, and
was a captain in the Boston militia. He died, probably, Jan. 23, 1699.

Experience Willis (1674), of Boston, was a son of Michael Willis, of Dorchester
in 1638, who removed to Boston, and was one of the founders of the Second Church.
Experience (1674), by wife Elizabeth, had twelve children born in Boston between 1671
and 1696.

Rev. Joshua Moody, of Portsmouth, delivered the election sermon in 1674 and
16S5. He was a son of William Moody, of Newbury ; was born in Wales in 1633,
graduated at Harvard College in 1653, and was the first minister of the First Church in
Portsmouth, being ordained there in July, 167 1, though he had preached there in 1658.
His wife was a daughter of Edward Collins (1641), of Cambridge. He was called to
preach the general election sermon of Massachusetts in 1675, and by the tyranny of
Gov. Cranfield was imprisoned in February, 1683, for three months, and was driven to
Boston, where he settled as assistant pastor of the First Church in May, 1684. The
same year he was invited to the presidency of Harvard College, which he declined. In
1693, he returned to his former parish at Portsmouth, but died while on a visit to Boston,
July 4, 1697.

^ ^ The officers elected were: Thomas Savage (1637), captain; The-

T QV C"0. ophilus Frary (1666), lieutenant; Thomas Thacher, Jr. (1671), ensign.

• ^ Hopestill Foster (1673) was first sergeant; Peter Bennett (1672),

second sergeant; John Morse (1671), clerk; Ephraim Kempthorn, armorer, and

Joshua Hughes, drummer.

Gov. Leverett (1639) received a letter by express, on the 21st of June, 1675, from
Gov. Winslow, of the Plymouth Colony, announcing that King Philip, head chief of the
Wampanoags, had retaliated for the execution of three of his men. Orders were at once
issued to Capt. John Richards (1644) to go "as captain of the foot, who shamefully

Rev. Joshua Moody. Authorities: Sav- Pulpit; Brewster's Annals of Tortsmouth; Eliot's
age's Gen. Diet.; Sprague's Annals of American Biog. Diet.; Hutchinson's Coll., 465.

1675-6] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY.

^33

refused the employment." Capt. Daniel Henchman (1675) was then selected to com-
mand the foot company, and Capt. Thomas Prentice to command the horse. The militia
captains of Boston and the neighboring towns were ordered to furnish their proportion
of one hundred able soldiers, each to have " his armes compleat and snapsack ready to
march, and not faile to be at the randevous." On the 25th of July these men were
ordered to appear " at their colors in the market-place at six in the evening, with their
arms ready fixed for service." The next day. Gen. Daniel Denison (1660) was
appointed commander-in-chief of all the forces of Massachusetts Bay. Capt. Samuel
Moseley (1672) recruited his company of "privateers" at this time, and for this service.
Another company was sent under the command of Capt. Isaac Johnson (1645). King
Philip was driven from Plymouth Colony, and the Narraganset country of Rhode Island,
and took refuge with the Nipmunks in the interior of Massachusetts.

The war on the part of the Indians is described as one of ambuscades. They
never met the English in open field, but always fled before them, retreating into swamps,
or hiding in the thickets. By the rapidity of their descent, they seemed omnipresent
among the scattered villages, which they ravaged like a passing cyclone, and for a full
year they kept all New England in a state of terror and excitement.

The whole colony was aroused, and troops were sent from the seaboard towns into
the interior. A company of young men, the " Flower of Essex," commanded by
Capt. Thomas Lothrop (1645), °f Salem, was cut off while escorting a provision train at
a stream since known as Bloody Brook, Deerfield. The captain, with nearly his entire
company of seventy men, was killed. Capt. Samuel Moseley (1672), hearing the firing,
hastened from the upper part of Deerfield, and, coming upon the Indians as they were
scalping the dead, after a severe fight, defeated and drove them.

Boston was filled with fugitives from the rural settlements, fearing and hating the
"bloody heathen." Rev. John Eliot, the apostle, was exposed to insults in his efforts to
protect the " Praying Indians," as his converts were called. The Natick tribe, " those
poor, despised sheep of Christ," as their superintendent, Major-Gen. Gookin (1645),
called them, were exiled to Deer Island, in Boston Harbor, where they suffered exces-
sively during the following winter.

The commissioners of the United Colonies met at Boston in September, and
formally declared war against King Philip, and in November an expedition was organized,
with Gen. Josiah Winslow, Governor of the Plymouth Colony, as its commander-in-chief.
He was efficiently aided in the organization of the expedition by Gov. Leverett (1639),
by John Hull (1660), colonial treasurer, and by John Morse (1671), the commissary of
the Boston regiment. The men were not only supplied with "amunition," but with
"wastcoats and drawers," "liquors," " rumme," "Tobaco & pipes," " biskit," "raisins,"
"porke," "beefe," "stockins and shoos," "and hats." Joseph Dudley (1677), of Boston,
was the headquarters chaplain. The Massachusetts quota rendezvoused on Dedham
plain, and was formally turned over to Gen. Winslow by Gen. Denison (1660), on
Thursday, Dec. 9. It consisted of a troop of horse and six companies of foot, under
Major Samuel Appleton, of Ipswich, who retained his command as captain of the first
company. The second company was commanded by Capt. Samuel Moseley (1672) ; the
third company was under Capt. James Oliver (1640), the lieutenant of the third com-
pany being Ephraim Turner (1663), and its orderly sergeant, Peter Bennett (1672) ; the
fourth company was commanded by Capt. Isaac Johnson (1645), of Roxbury, and in
the fifty company was Ensign John Drury (1674). In addition to the above-named

234

HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND

[1675-6

members of the Artillery Company who held commissions in the Winslow expedition,
there were others in the ranks, and many soldiers who afterwards became members.

The following names are gathered chiefly from that valuable work. Soldiers in King
Philip's Wars, 1675-1677, by Rev. George M. Bodge. They are the names of persons
who were, before or after the war, members of the Military Company of the Massachu-
setts, and were more or less connected with that series of conflicts : —

Henry Adams (1652), killed.

Benjamin Allen (1677).

Sergt. Peter Bennett (1672), wounded.

Cornet Thomas Brattle (1675).

Matthew Bridge (1643), quartermaster.

George Broughton (1667).

Hugh Clark (1666).

William Clark (1646).

Lieut. Edward Creeke (1674).

Lieut. Philip Curtis (1666), killed.

Capt. John Cutler (1681).

Capt. William Davis (1643), wounded.

Major-Gen. Daniel Denison (1660).

William Dinsdale (1658).

John Drury (1674).

Joseph Dudley (1677), chaplain.

Benjamin Dyer (1691).

Col. Francis Foxcroft (1679).

Theophilus Frary (1666), commissary.

Capt. Benjamin Gibbs (1666).

Lieut. William Hasey (1652).

Capt. Daniel Henchman (1675).

Capt. Joshua Hobart (1641).

Nathaniel Holmes (1693).

Thomas Huckens (1637), commissary.

Thomas Hunt (1685).

Capt. Edward Hutchinson C'638), killed.-

Capt. John Jacobs (16S2).

Capt. Isaac Johnson (16451, killed.

Robert Jones (1679), killed.
Capt. Thomas Lake (1653), killed.
Capt. Thomas Lothrop (1645), killed.
Charles Lidget (1679).
Simon Lynde (1658).
John Morse (1671), commissary.
Capt. Samuel Moseley (1672).
Capt. James Oliver (1640).
Capt. Nicholas Paige (1693).
John Paine (1666).
Seth Perry (1662).
Nathaniel Pierce (1673).
Major William Phillips (1644).
Zechariah Phillips (1660), killed.
Corp. Solomon Phips (1681).
Capt. John Plympton (1643), killed.
William Pollard (1679).
Lieut. Nathaniel Reynolds (165S).
John Ruggles (1646V
Ephraim Savage (1674).
Major Thomas Savage (1637).
Thomas Savage, Jr. (1665).
Capt. Joshua Scottow (1645).
Capt. Robert Seeley (1642), killed.
Benjamin Thurston (1675).
Lieut. Ephraim Turner (1663).
Edward Tyng (1668), wounded.
Major Richard Waldron (1659).
Nathaniel Williams (1667).

The Massachusetts troops were joined at Providence by the Plymouth quota. After
some preliminary skirmishing on the way, in which parties under Capt. Moseley (1672)
and Sergt. Bennett (1672) captured forty prisoners, who were sold as slaves. Gov.
Winslow's forces joined the Connecticut regiment at Pettisquamscot. He then had
under his command one thousand and thirteen ofificers and men, with one hundred and
fifty friendly Mohegan Indians. The troops bivouacked in the open field, that night, in a
cold snow-storm, but early the next inorning, Dec. 19, marched to attack the Narra-
ganset stronghold, known as the Great Swamp Fort, in what is now the town of South
Kingston, R. I.

The Massachusetts regiment led the column, followed by the Plymouth regiment,
and the Connecticut troops brought up the rear. Early in the afternoon, the edge of the
swamp in which the stronghold had been built was reached. The swamp was filled with
low cedars, and in the centre was an island, with an area of five or six acres, on which a
renegade Englishman had planned a fortification. "The side of it," says Mr. Hubbard,
was " made of palisadoes set upright, and which was compassed about with a Hedg of

'675-6] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY.

235

almost a rod Thickness." These rude works would have been almost impregnable to the
assailants had not the swamp been frozen. The customary entrance was over a fallen
tree, across a " place of water," over which but one could pass at a time. When the
Indian outposts retreated into the fortification, the Massachusetts troops were able to
follow on the ice as well as on the log. Capt. Johnson (1645) ^^^s mortally wounded
while crossing on the log, and Capt. Davenport was shot dead as he entered the fortifica-
tion. The storming party retreated, and lay on the ground until the enemy's fire
slackened, when Capts. Moseley (1672) and Gardiner advanced with their companies
to support them. They lost so heavily that they were about to retire when Major
Appleton came up, with Capt. Oliver (1640), and, massing the two companies, carried
the fortification by storm after a two hours' fight.

The wigwams and storehouses of the Indians were burned, and some of the old
people and children perished in the flames. The colonists had six captains and two
hundred and thirty privates killed or wounded, and, feeling they could not resist Indian
reinforcements, the remainder withdrew at midnight, to march fifteen miles in a driving
snow-storm. The infuriated Indians avenged themselves during the winter by attacks
on the frontier settlements. Early in the spring, Canonchet was captured, and indig-
nantly refused to bring about peace were his life spared. When told that he must then
prepare to die, he replied, " I like it well ; I shall die before my heart is soft or I have
spoken anything unworthy of myself." Two Indians were detailed for the purpose, and
he was shot at Stonington, Conn.

The Company appears to have discovered, at this time, that their "orders," or
"by-laws," adopted in 1657, were of no official value, because they had not been
approved or " allowed by the court." The following action was consequently taken :

"April 5th, 1675. It was then voted by the Artillery Company, that the orders of
the Company be presented by Thomas Clarke, Esq. [1644], to the General Court or
Council, for their confirmation.

"John Morse [1671], Clerk"

The following endorsement was then made on the by-laws : —

" The Court, having perused the above written orders of the Artillery Company, do
allow and approve thereof.

"Attest: "Edward V^KWifXA, SccretiDj."

The new members recruited in 1675-6 were : Thomas Brattle, Andrew Clarke,
Joseph. Davis, William Gibson, William Greenough, William Griggs, Daniel Henchman,
John Jackson, Samuel Johnson, Simeon Messinger, John Moore, Ephraim Morse, John
Nichols, Daniel Quincy, Simeon Stoddard, John Temple, Benjamin Thurston.

Thomas Brattle (1675), of Boston, was of Charlestown in 1656, but removed the
next year to Boston. He married, in 1656-7, Elizabeth, daughter of Capt. William

Thomas Brattle (1675). Authorities: New frequent visits were preiljudical to him, it provok'd

Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1877, p. 57; Eliot's Biog. him to speak more than his strength woulJ hear,

Diet.; Account of the Descendants of Capt. Thomas would have me come seldom. lie said tome his

Brattle, by Edward D. Harris, 16S7; King's Chapel Thigh was no bigger than my Wrist. I said I hop'd

Burial-Ground, by Bridgman, p. 259. as the weather grew Temperate, he might recruit,

" [1710] Aug. II. .Sixth-day, I visited Mr. Tho which he seem'd to assent to." — St-iua/l Papers,

Brattle, who is very low and languishing; He ex- Vol. II., p. 286.
press'd great respect to me, yet plainly told me, that

236 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1675-6

Tyng (1638). He was appointed cornet of the Suffolk troop, May 30, 1670, lieutenant
Oct. 13, 1675, and captain May 5, 1676. Sept. 8, 1675, by order of the council, Cornet
Thomas Brattle (1675), with a party of horsemen under his command, went to Groton.
He was with the forces at Narragansett ; May 15, 1676, he had a battle with Indians,
killing twenty ; May 24 following, he fought them again at the falls of the " Pocatuck
River," and June 30, 1676, he was sent on an expedition towards Mount Hope.

Capt. Brattle (1675) was a valuable friend to the colony. He loaned it two hun-
dred pounds, and in the first few months of the war he is credited with fifteen hundred
pounds, e.xpended in behalf of the colony to carry it on.

He was one of the founders of the Old South Church ; non-resident representative
for Lancaster in 1671 and 1672; for Concord in 1678 and 1679, and commissioner to
King Philip, with Capt. William Davis (1643) and Capt. William Hudson (1640), at
Taunton, rn 1671. He was selectman of Boston thirteen years, from 1671 to 1683
inclusive, and was prominent in town affairs for many years.

His wife died very suddenly, at a wedding in her own house, Nov. 9, 1682 ; and he
died April 5 following, leaving probably the largest estate in New England. Major-Gen.
William Brattle (1729), the son of Rev. William, of Cambridge, was a grandson of
Capt. Thomas (1675). Some of the estate of Thomas (1675) ^^^s in Brattle Street, for
whom that street is named.

Andrew Clarke (1675), of Boston, was a son of Thomas Clarke, of Plymouth. He
was married and had three children born in Boston; the first was born July 10, 1672,
and the third Dec. 8, 1676. In 1677, moved to Harwich. He was elected a town
officer, March 12, 1676-7.

Joseph Davis (1675), of Boston, — whom Mr. Whitman (1810) wrongfully calls
"son of Capt. William Davis [1643] and born in 1645," — married. May 7, 1662,
Elizabeth, daughter of David Saywell ( 1664), became a freeman in 1666, and appears
as one of the founders of the Old South Church in 1669.

William Gibson (1675), of Boston in 1665, a cordwainer, was admitted to be a
freeman in 1677. He held the office of sealer of leather several years, viz , 1665, 1671,
1677, and 1684 to 1690. He was constable in 1678-9, clerk of the market in 1666-7,
and tithing-man in 1690. Mr. Savage says he supposes this Gibson is the gifted preacher
mentioned by Backus, I., 435. Lieut. William Gibson (1675) was second sergeant of
the Artillery Company in 1684.

William Greenough (1675), of Boston, shipwright, was born in England, and
became a freeman in 1673. He was captain of one of the Boston companies, and
served in King Philip's War in 1676; was first sergeant of the Artillery Company in
1679, and ensign in 1691. William Greenough (1675) ^^^ ^ member of Capt. John
Richards's (1644) company, of Boston, in 1689; was constable in 1677-8. He died
Aug. 6, 1693, aged fifty-two years. He was buried under arms, the same evening, in
Copp's Hill Burial-Ground. His son, John, became a member of the Artillery
Company in 1712.

William Gibson (1675). Authority: Boston "Sabbath Augt 6. 1693, Capt W'm Greenough

Records. ilied about 4 this morn, buried about nine at night.

William Greenough (1675). Authority: Three Vollies past nine at night. Neither Major

New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1S50, p. 78; 1863, General nor Major Hutchinson in Town. Bright

p. 167. moon-shine." — Snua// Papers, Vol. /,, /. 381.

I67S-6] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 237

William Griggs (1675), of Boston, a cooper, became a freeman in 1672, and
married a daughter of John Hannaford. He was a member of Major Savage's (1637)
company, of Boston, in 1680, constable in 1683-4, town clerk in 1696-7, and for five
years thereafter. The town records bear testimony to his interest in copying and
preserving the old records. In 1713, Mr. Griggs (1675) ^^^^ appointed to superintend
the delivery of wheat from vessels to the families, and in 17 14 was given charge of
the granary at thirty pounds a year. This position he held until Dec. 10, 171 7,
when the selectmen voted, " M' Will"' Griggs is Ordered to Lodg the Key of the Granary
■yyth yL' Town Treasurer untill further Order." July 20, 1732, he was granted a license to
sell "Strong Drink." Mr. Whitman (1810) says administration on his estate was
granted Nov. 5, 1737.

Daniel Henchman (1675), of Boston, is first known in Boston by the following
from the town records : " Agreed with M'' Dannell Hincheman for ^40, p Ann'" to assisst
M'' Woodmancy in the grammer Schoole & teach Children to wright, the Yeare to
begine the i"' of March 65-6." He continued in that profession until Jan. 3, 167 1,
when Mr. Ezekiel Cheever took charge of the school. He was admitted a freeman in
1672, and in the Boston town records is called "captain" the same year. In that
position he was distinguished during King Philip's War, having command of the com-
pany of foot, June 25, 1675, i" company with Capt. Prentice with a company of horse.
An eclipse of the moon that evening discouraged the expedition much. They proceeded
onward the next day, and arrived at Swansea before night, on the 28th. Major Thomas
Savage (1637) soon arrived, brought up reinforcements, and took command of the
forces. " A few skirmishes routed the Indians in that quarter. King Philip fled to the
western part of the colony, and Capt. Henchman [1675] ^^ith some of the troops
returned. In November, he started again from Boston, with another company. Near
Mendon they heard of a party of Indians, and it was resolved to give them a camisado,
as they called it, in their wigwams. The captain [1675] and his lieutenant, Philip
Curtis [1666], accordingly led their men out to the fight, but most of them flinched in
the moment of need, and Capt. Henchman [1675] and Lieut. Curtis [1666] were left
with only five men to finish the combat. Lieut. Curtis [1666J, with one man, was
killed, and the object of the excursion was lost." He was also captain of a Boston
company in 1679 ^nd 1680.

Mr. Whitman (1810) says, "Capt. Henchman [1675] set out the great elm-tree
on Boston Common,' for a shade to the military companies which might exercise there
in after time." This tree was standing in 1825, and measured twenty-one feet and eight
inches in circumference. Its final destruction took place Feb. 16, 1876.

Having served on a committee for surveying a new plantation, — now Worcester, —

William Griggs (1675). Authority: Boston lung account of the "Old Elm" on Boston Corn-
Records, mon.

Daniel Henchman (1675). Authorities: "['685] Monday, Oct' igih. . . . About nine

New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1873, p. 31 1 ; Math- aclock at night News came to Town of Capt Hench-

ers Magnalia, Vol. XL, p. 561 ; Drake's Hist, of man's Death at Worcester last Thorsday; buried on

Boston; Lincoln's Hist, of Worcester; Snow's Hist. Friday. Very few at his Funeral, bis own Servants,

of Boston; Hill's Hist, of Old South Church. Letter a white and black, carried him to, and put him in

of Daniel Henchman, in regard to the Indian fight his grave. His wife and children following and no

at Hassanamesit, Nov. 9, 1675, '^ printed in the more or but one or two more." — Si-iva/l Papers,

New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1871, p. 10. Mr. ;W. /., /. 100.
Shurtleff, in his Topog. Des. of Boston, gives a ' Boston Coiuincrdal Gazette, .\pril 25, 1S25.

238 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1675-6

about 1665, he became a proprietor, and in his last days resided in that town, dying
there Oct. 15, 1685. He was a member of the Old South Church, and was prominent
in town matters for several years. His estate inventoried one thousand three hundred
and eighty-two pounds.

John Jackson (1675), of Boston, son of John, of Boston, a carpenter, was born
June 26, 1643. He was a member of Capt. Daniel Henchman's (1675) company in
1680 and 1 68 1.

Samuel Johnson (1675), °^ Boston, held some minor town offices, and in 1680 was
a member of Capt. Davis's (1673) Boston company. In 1681 was clerk of the market;
in 1684, constable ; in 1686 was a member of the same military company, with Penn
Townsend (1674) captain; tithing-man in 1691, as in 1681 and 1686, and measurer of
grain in 1700 and 1701. He was second sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1692,
ensign in 1697, and lieutenant of the colonial militia.

Simeon Messinger (1675), of Boston, son of Henry (1658), of Boston, was born
March 19, 1645. He married, in 1667, Bethia Howard, of Boston. His name is on the
tax lists from 1674 to 1688, and he was a member of Capt. Elisha Hutchinson's (1670)
company in 1685.

John Moore (1675), of Boston, became a freeman in 1671. He was a brewer,
and had a large estate. By wife, Lydia, he had children born in Boston, from 1673 to
1687 inclusive. In 1681, he was a member of Major Clarke's (1644) military company.
He was fourth sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1680. Administration on his estate
was granted to his wife, July 13, 1693.

Ephraii^ Morse (1675), son of John, of Dedham, was born in that town, July 19,
1648. His parents removed to Boston in 1654. Ephraim (1675) ^^as in Boston in
1677, but was an early settler in Newtown, Long Island.

John Nichols (1675), of Boston, a joiner, son of Randall, of Boston, was born
Jan. 16, 1654, and was a member of the Old South Church. He became a freeman in
1690. He was a constable of Boston in 1686-7, ^ member of Capt. Hutchinson's
(1670) company, in Boston, and a tithingman in 1692-3.

Ambrose Dawes (1674), in his will, Oct. 17, 1705, appoints " his brother Mr. John
Nichols [1675] " an executor.

Daniel Quincy (1675), of Boston, a goldsmith, son of Edmund Quincy. of Brain-
tree, was born Feb. 7, 1651, in what is now Quincy. The father, Edmund, was the
common ancestor of the Quincys in Massachusetts. Daniel (1675) married, Nov. 9,

Samuel Johnson (1675). Authority : Bos- Daniel Quincy (1675). Authorities: King's

ton Records. Chapel Burial-Ground, by Bridgman, p. 208; New

Simeon Messinger (1675). Authorities: Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1857; Harris's Descend-
New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1862, p. 310; Bos- ants of Tliomas Brattle, p. 4.
ton Records. " [1690] Tuesday Aug. 12. About 7. p.m. we

John Moore (1675). Authority: Boston lay the body of Cous. Daniel Quinsey in my Father's

Records. Tomb." — Scwall Papers, Vol. /., /. 327.

John Nichols (1675). Authorities: Boston
Records; Hill's Hist, of Old South Church.

1675-6] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 239

1682, Hannah, daughter of Rev. Thomas Shepard, who deUvered the Artillery election
sermon in 1663. Daniel (1675) and Hannah left but one son, John (Harv. Coll., 1708),
the great-grandfather of President John ()uincy Adams. Daniel's (1675) brother,
Edmund, was the ancestor of the distinguished orator and patriot, Josiah Quincy, who
was the father of Josiah, the president of Harvard College.

" Daniell Quinsey [1675] " was a constable of Boston in 1683-4, and died Aug. 10,
1690. He witnessed the will of John Hull (1660), "a silversmith," March 13, 1683-4.

Simeon Stoddard (1675), of Boston, son of Anthony (1639), baptized May
25, 1651, was a member of the provincial council and of the Old South Church.
May II, 1681, he was appointed ensign of the foot company under command of Capt.
Penn Townsend (1674), and to have his commission when his freedom was granted
by the court. He was ensign of the Artillery Company in 1702.

His first wife died Aug. 13, 1708. In 1709, he married for his second wife the
widow of Col. Samuel Shrimpton (1670). She died April 13, 1713. His third wife was
Mehitable Minot, widow of Hon. Peter Sargent. His death is thus noticed in the
papers: "On Thursday morning last [Oct. 15, 1730] died here [in Boston] the Honor-
able Simeon Stoddard, Esquire, formerly of His Majesty's Council of this Province, in
the 80"' year of his age."

John Temple (1675), a carpenter, was probably a son of Sir Thomas, who came
to Boston in 1657. It was he who, tradition says, persuaded the King that the pine-
tree on the coin struck in Boston represented the royal oak that saved his Majesty.

John (1675) was admitted a freeman in 1671, and was living in 1695. He held
town office from 1679 to 1688 inclusive, and was tithing-man in 1680, being a member of
Capt. William Hudson's (1640) Boston company; also in 1686, when he was a member
of Capt. James Hill's (1679) company.

Benjamin Thurston (1675), of Boston, son of John, of Salem in 1638, was born
July 8, 1640. He was a weaver by trade, became a freeman in 1665, was one of the
founders of the Old South Church in 1669, and in 1674 the General Court made him an
ensign. He took part in King Philip's War, and died Nov. 10, 1678.

He married Elizabeth, daughter of Robert Walker. He held town office in 1671
and 1677, and in 1676 was appointed one of the town inspectors to prevent disorders
in unlicensed houses of entertainment, etc. He was third sergeant of the Artillery
Company in 1677.

Rev. Samuel Phillips, of Rowley, delivered the Artillery election sermon in 1675.
He was a son of Rev. George Phillips, the first minister of Watertown, and came to New
England with his father in 1630, being five years of age. He graduated at Harvard

Simeon Stoddard (1675). AuTHuRrriES: pox. He afterward wrote in his diary, " Multitudes

New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1851, p. 24 t'/ ici/ ,• died, two of my special Friends, viz: Mr. John

Stoddard Genealogy; Sumner's Hist, of East Boston. Noyes [1676] and Benjamin Thurston [1675], who

John Temple (1675). Authority: Boston both died while I lay sick."
Records. Rev. Samuel Phillips. AiiTiiokrnES: .Sav-

Benjamin Thurston (1675). AUTHORrriES: age's Gen. Diet. ; Bond's Hist, of Watertown; Ehot's

Hill's Hist, of Old South Church; Boston Records. Biog. Diet. ; Hist, of Rowley; Sprague's .\nnals of

In 1678, Judge Bewail was very ill with small- American Pulpit.

240 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1676-7

College in 165 1, was ordained in June, 1652, and settled in Rowley as colleague with
Rev. Ezekiel Rogers, who, with his company, founded in 1639 the town of Rowley.

Rev. Samuel Phillips died April 22, 1696. "The many distinguished men in
Massachusetts who have for generations made the name of Phillips illustrious are his
descendants."

, ^ The officers elected were: Elisha Hutchinson (1670), captain;

I U70"7. Daniel Turell (1660), lieutenant, and Freegrace Bendall (1667), ensign.

' ' John Walley (1671) was first sergeant; Benjamin Gibbs (1666), second

sergeant; Nathaniel Blake (1673), third sergeant; Nathaniel Williams (1667), fourth
sergeant; John Morse (1671), clerk, and Joshua Hughes, drummer.

The Indian war was continued, the knowledge of the country possessed by the
Indians enabling them to destroy several villages, and lead parties of the colonists into
ambushes, where they were cruelly murdered.

While thus devastated by an American foe, Massachusetts was threatened with royal
interference. After ten years of political quiet, during which time the British govern-
ment had refrained from molesting the colony, a royal agent named Edward Randolph
appeared. He was described by Cotton Mather as a " blasted wretch, followed with a
sensible curse of God wherever he came, — despised, abhorred, unprosperous." Two
objects he never concealed, — the overthrowing of the Massachusetts charter, and the
setting up of the Church of England in Boston. The contest commenced by him
culminated a hundred years later in the Declaration of Independence.

Edward Randolph, arriving in Boston in June, waited on Gov. Leverett (1639),
announced " the cause of his coming," and desired " that, with what convenient speed
might be, the magistrates might be assembled to hear his Majesty's letter read." The
Governor replied that he could present himself to the magistrates on the afternoon of
the same day, as they were then to meet on other business. At the time appointed, he
was " admitted into the council, where he found the Governor, with the secretary and
six other magistrates. He handed the King's letter to the Governor, who desired him
to be seated. The Governor broke the seal, and reading the words, ' By his Majesty's
command, Henry Coventry,' asked Randolph who Coventry might be, and was informed
that he was the King's principal secretary of state."

Gov. Leverett (1639) then read the letter aloud. In it the King acquainted the
magistrates with the representations that had been made to him in memorials of Gorges
and Mason, of which he transmitted copies. The King said he had accordingly deter-
mined to require the colony to send agents to answer to these charges, and he com-
manded that Randolph should be admitted to the council of the magistrates to hear his
letter read, and that he should bring back their answer. During the reading, three of
the magistrates, following Randolph's example, " put off their hats, and sat uncovered,
but the Governor, with the rest, continued to keep their hats on." The reading being
finished, " the Governor told the council that the matters therein contained were very

" [1676] Monday June 5 Mr. Hutchinson chosen the 2 companies train : we divide into 2 and with the

Captain, Mr Turin Lieut, Mr Uendal, Ensign of the Camljridge Artillery oppose them upon the Hill

Artillery. ... in prospect of the Harbour. Mr. Cotton Mather

" Monday, Oct. 5, Cloudy, Lowering day, yet prayed with us in the niorn and at breaking up." —

the Artillery Company goes over to Charlestown: Se-toaWs Diary.

'676-7] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 24I

inconsiderable things, and easily answered, and it did in no way concern that govern-
ment to take any notice thereof." Randolph said that he had the King's order to require
an answer, and to wait one month for it. " The Governor answered that they should
consider of those things," and the envoy withdrew.

The magistrates, after two days' consideration, resolved to return their thanks to
the King for his "gracious letter," and to send a further answer to it by a vessel about to
sail for London. They called Randolph in, and told him that, if he proposed to take
passage in that vessel, they would intrust him with the letter which they had prepared to
one of the secretaries of state ; otherwise, he would have a duplicate of it whenever he
should be ready to depart. He said that he " had other matters of concern under his
charge, and should not return so soon ; and withal asked them if they had well considered
of his Majesty's letter, and the enclosed petition, in so short a time, and concluded on
their agents, and the time of their going to England." The Governor, without answer-
ing the question, inquired whether he " had anything further to offer them " from the
King. Randolph replied that he had nothing ; and the Governor said only " that he
looked upon him as Mr. Mason's agent," and then bowed him out of the council
chamber. This was the beginning of trouble between the crown and the colony.

Meanwhile, King Philip had gone back to his stronghold. Capt. Church, when the
news reached Rhode Island, hastened over to Bristol Neck, where he arrived at mid-
night. He marched a party to the neighborhood of the designated spot, and there,
before dawn, they lay down in the bushes. When day broke, the Indians, perceiving
themselves to be so closely beset, rushed from their hiding-place in a disorderly manner,
under a heavy fire of those lying in wait. At one of the points likely to be passed by
the fugitives, Capt. Church had stationed an Englishman and a friendly Indian, who
presently saw King Philip approaching them, half dressed, and running at full speed.
The Englishman's gun missed fire. The Indian's gun was effective, one bullet passing
through the heart of the chief, and another lodging in his shoulder. " He fell upon his
face in the mud and water, with his gun under him." King Philip's hands were cut off
and carried to Boston. His head was taken to Plymouth, and there exposed upon a
pole, on a day appointed for a public thanksgiving.

The new members recruited in 1676-7 were; Bozoun .Allen, Nathaniel Barnes,
Robert Butcher, William Colman, John Meader, John Noyes, William Phillips, William
Tomlins, Samuel Wakefield, Isaac Walker, and Joshua Winsor.

Bozoun Allen (1676), of Boston, son of Capt. Bozoun Allen (1650), of Boston, was
born Feb. 13, 1652-3, and married, in 1673, Rachel, a daughter of Jeremiah Houchin
(1641). Capt. Allen (1676) succeeded to the large business of tanning leather which
his father-in-law had carried on. The former was a man of influence, probably a leader
of the mechanic interests of Boston ; was frequently moderator of the town meetings,
and held office in town. He was admitted to be a freeman Oct. 11, 1682; was con-
stable of the town in 1680, selectman from 1691 to 1698 inclusive, and was represent-
ative in 1700. He was fourth sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1681, ensign in
1690, lieutenant in 1691, and captain in 1696. He was active in the revival of the
Company after Andros's departure.

Bozoun Allen (1676). Authorities: Boston ensigne to a ffoot company in Boston vnder the

Records; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Whitman's Hist. A. command of Capt Elisha Hutchinson [167°] & to

and H. A. Company, Ed. 1842. haue commission when he hath his freedom granted

"Sargt Bozoone Allen [1676] is appointed him by the Court." — Records of Mass. Bay, Vol. V.

242 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1676-7

Nathaniel Barnes (1676), of Boston in 1675, ^^^s a merchant, who, Aug. 18, 1679,
was chosen town clerk. He was a member of Capt. Sevvall's (1679) company, and a
tithing-man in 1685 and 16S6. He was clerk of the Artillery Company from 1680 to
1682 inclusive, and was first sergeant in 1684.

Mr. Whitman (18 10) says that by direction of the commander. Major Savage
(1637), Nathaniel Barnes (1676) in 1680 made a complete roll of all members, with
their bondsmen, and also a complete list of the officers from the beginning. This he
certified to, as clerk, in 168 1. To the preservation of this list we are indebted for all
we know of the first years of the Company. His labors were great, and in 1746 his
lists were thought worthy of being transcribed. Mr. Dunton, the London bookseller,
says, "Mr. Barnes [1676] was clerk to the government, a matchless accomptant, a great
musician, bookish to a proverb, very generous to strangers." In 1681, the General
Court granted to Mr. Barnes (1676) two hundred acres of land.

Robert Butcher (1676), of Boston, was admitted a freeman in 1677, and was a
member of the Old South Church. He was by trade a cooper. He was chosen clerk
of the market in 1679-80, a member of "Capt Wally's [1671]" company, and a
tithing-man in 1 680-1, constable in 1684-5, and held minor town offices.

William Colman (1676), son of Matthew, was born Aug. 3, 1643. He came from
Satterly, Norfolk County, England, with his wife, Elizabeth, in the "Arabella," in 1671.
His first wife having died, he married, March 6, 17 12, Lydia, daughter of Joshua Scottow
(1645), and widow of (i) Benjamin Gibbs (1666) and of (2) Anthony Checkley (1662),
attorney-general. Ensign William (1676) was the father of Rev. Benjamin Colman, D. D.,
who delivered the Artillery election sermon in 1702. William (1676) became a member
of the Second Church, July 6, 1688, but united with the Brattle Street Church in 1699,
and continued a member thereof, under the preaching of his son, who was the first
minister of that church. William Colman (1676) was third sergeant of the Company
in 1683, and ensign in 1692. He held office in the town of Boston for several years,
being a member of the first board of overseers of the poor, March 9, 1690-1. The
seventh day, March 29, 1712, Judge Sewall (1679) wrote, "Mr. Colman [1676] the
father died last Thorsday night."

John Meader (1676).

John Noyes (1676), of Boston, son of Rev. James Noyes, of Newbury, was born
June 3, 1645. He was admitted a freeman in 1675. July 27, 1674, the selectmen
voted, " John Noyse is prohibited to imploy his brother William Noyse as a Cooper
vpon the penaltie of 10' a weeke haueinge serued but 4:^ yeares to the trade and not
21 yeares of age." Mr. John Noyes (1676) was constable in 1675. He married Sarah,
daughter of Peter Oliver (1643), and their son, Dr. Oliver Noyes, joined the Artillery
Company in 1699. Ensign John Noyes (1676) was second sergeant of the Artillery
Company in 1678, and a member of the Old South Church. He died Nov. 9, 1678.

Nathaniel Barnes (1676). Authorities: William Colman (1676). Authokitv: Boston

Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1842; Records.
Boston Records. John Noyes (1676). Authorities: Remi-

Robert Butcher (1676). Authorities: Bos- niscences of a Nonagenarian, by Sarah A. Emery,

ton Records; Hill's Hist, of Old South Church. Newburyport, 1879; IJoston Records.

'676-7] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 243

William Phillips (1676). This is probably a re-entry of Major William Phillips.
He joined the Company in 1644, went to Saco, Me., about 1660, and returned to Boston
to reside in 1675-6, having been absent fifteen years. See page 142.

William Tomlins (1676) was, Mr. Whitman (1810) says, "a son or grandson of
Edward [1637]." When William Tomlin,' or Tomlyne (1676), joined the Artillery
Company in 1676, Ensign Wing (1671) and Sergt. Walley (1671) were his sureties.
In Ensign Wing's (1671) will, proved March 12, 1702-3, he mentions a daughter,
" Sarah Tomlin."

Samuel Wakefield (1676) was a resident of Boston in 1675. Mr. Whitman (iSio)
says, "In his house one of the great fires in Boston began." In 16S4, the General
Court refused his petition " to set up a wooden frame." He was an officer of the town
in 1685, 1 686, and 1687.

Isaac Walker (1676), of Boston, son of Isaac (1644), was born Sept. 27, 1645.
Sergt. Isaac Walker (1676) was appointed ensign in Capt. Daniel Henchman's (1675)
company, Oct. 13, 1680, and was promoted to be lieutenant of the same company,
Oct. 10, 1683.

Joshua Winsor (1676), of Boston, son of Robert, of Boston, was born June 6,
1647. Joshua (1676) was a member of the Second, or Mather's, Church, and became
a freeman in 1678. He was a member of Capt. Henchman's (1675) company, and a
tithing-nian in 1680, and held town office for several years afterward. He died in
November, 1717.^

Rev. Samuel Willard, of Boston, delivered the Artillery election sermon of 1676.
He was a son of Major Simon Willard, of Groton ; was born Jan. 31, 1640, graduated
at Harvard College in 1659, and was ordained July 13, 1662. Mr. Willard married,
(i) Aug. 8, 1664, Abigail Sherman, of Watertown, and, (2) July 29, 1679, Eunice,
daughter of Edward Tyng {1642). He had been a fellow of Harvard College, and
subsequently the second minister in Groton, from whence he came to Boston, when
that town was raided by the Indians in March, 1676. He became a freeman in 1670,
and March 31, 1678, he was installed as colleague of Rev. Thomas Thacher, at the Old
South Church. On the resignation of Increase Mather as president of Harvard College,
Sept. 6, 1 70 1, Rev. Samuel Willard was made his successor as vice-president. He
resigned Aug. 14, 1707, and died Sept. 12 of that year.

Rev. Samuel Willard. Authorities: Hill's town that John Thomson should not be chargeable

Hist, of Old South Church; Sprague's Annals of to the town. — See Report of Boston A'cy. Com.,

American Pulpit; Eliot's Biog. Diet.; American Ko/. A'., /. 67.
Quar. Reg., XIL = See New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg. (will),

' July 29, 1680, William Tomlin (1676) signed 1866, p. 53.
his mark (" W. T. his marke") as surety unto the

244 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1677-8

^ p. The officers elected were : Richard Woodde (1642), captain; Moses

1 077"O. P^ii^fi (1644), lieutenant, and John Wing (1671), ensign. Penn Town-

• ' ' send (1674) was first sergeant; Anthony Checkley (1662) second

sergeant; Benjamin Thurston (1675), third sergeant; Ephraim Savage (1674), fourth
sergeant; John Morse (1671), clerk; Joshua Hughes, drummer; and Edward Smith,
armorer.

Some friends of Massachusetts in Ireland, acting as individuals, and without any
official authority, had solicited relief in that country for such as were " impoverished,
distressed, and in necessity by the late war " in America. The Rev. Nathaniel Mather,
of Dublin, had secured donations amounting to nearly one thousand pounds in value,
contributed by " divers Christians in Ireland," and a ship-load of provisions had been
thankfully received by those rendered destitute by the war. But while the colony had
been defending the royal domain, no aid had been solicited from the King, nor had any
been offered. " It is not altogether groundlessly reported," wrote their friend. Lord
Anglesey, from London, "that you are poor yet proud."

This, which is called the "Irish Donation in 1676," was sent to New England in
the ship " Katherine," of Dublin. The contributors consigned it to Mr. William Tyng
(1638), Mr. James Oliver (1640), and Mr. John Hull (1660), "or as many of them as
shall be alive." They were to sell enough to pay the freight, — four hundred and fifty
pounds sterling, — and the remainder they were to give to those distressed by the Indian
wars. Friendly Indians were also to have a share. The Colony of Massachusetts Bay
received three hundred and sixty-three pounds sterling, which were divided among
about six hundred families, in forty-seven towns.

The new members recruited in 1677-8 were: Benjamin Allen, Joshua Atwater,
John Barnard, William Davis, Joseph Dudley, Paul Dudley, James Hill, and Henry
Powning.

Benjamin Allen (1677), of Charlestown, son of Walter Allen, of that town, was
born at Newbury, April 15, 1647. He was a member of Capt. Moseley's (1672) com-
pany for the December campaign in 1675. His father, in his will, dated Feb. 19,
1679-80, does not mention Benjamin (1677). A Benjamin Allen died in Charlestown,
Sept. 20, 1678.

Joshua Atwater (1677), of Boston, son of Joshua, of New Haven in 1638, was born
April 10, 1658, in Milford, Conn. His father removed to Boston in 1659. Ann, sister
of Joshua (1677), married, in 1672, Jeremiah Dummer (1671), and was the mother of
the famous Jeremy (Harv. Coll., 1699). The selectmen decided, "25, 7, 1671," that
"Mr Joshua Atwater [1677] hath libertie granted him to his sellar dore to continue as it
is, paying 5.!- p. ann. in money to begin the first of July last." He does not appear to
have held any office in the town of Boston. He was drowned Feb. 12, 1691-2.'

Benjamin Allen (1677). Authorities: Wy- Jury brought it in; was going on board the sloop

man's Charlestown Genealogies and Estates; Bond's Mary. Was cxcommunieated." — Sauall Papers,

Hist, cf Watertown. Vol. /., //. 356, 357.

Joshua Atwater (1677). Authorities: Sav- " [16SS] April 20. Joshua Atwater's wife dies,

age's Gen. Diet.; Boston Records. It seems he carried her out of Town but last Mon-

' "Feb 12, 1691-2. Joshua Atwater dies, fall- day [April 16]. She was a w-orthy Gentlewoman."

ing off the outward Wharf : he was drowned aljout — Smvall Papers, Vol. I., p. 211.

2 or 3 in the morning, intangled in the wood as the

1677-S] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 245

John Barnard (1677), of Boston, son of Matthew (1660), was born in Boston,
Sept. 29, 1654. He was admitted a freeman in 167S, and died in December, 1732.
He was tlie father of Rev. John Barnard (Harv. Coll., 1700), whose autobiography is
given in 3 Mass. Hist. Coll., V., 178. Lieut John (1677) was fourth sergeant of the
Artillery Company in 1683, ensign in 1696, and lieutenant in 1700.

In 1678-9, a fire-engine was imported from England, and on the 27th of January
the selectmen chose Thomas Atkins as foreman, and among his twelve chosen assistants
were John Barnard (1677) and his brother, Thomas Barnard (1681). This vi^as the first
fire-engine in town, and John (1677) and Thomas (1681) were members of the first
regular engine company in the town of Boston. John Barnard (1677) doubtless followed
the trade of his father, that of a carpenter, for during eight years, between 1680 and
1700, he was appointed by the selectmen to measure boards and timber. In 1680, he
was a member of Capt. Clarke's (1644) company, and a tithing-man ; was a representa-
tive in 1696-7, and served as a selectman in 1701 and 1703-6. In 1701, the selectmen
agreed with John Barnard (1677) to erect a new house for Mr. Ezekiel Cheever, the
school-master, and to remove the old house, and in 1704 they agreed with Mr. Barnard
(1677) to build a new school-house for the "Free School," or " Latin School." In the
Boston town records, 1 701-15, he is called both " Deacon " and " Captain."

William Davis (1677), son of William Davis (1643), was born in Boston, June 25,
1653. ~He was a brother of Major Benjamin Davis (1673), and a member of the Old
South Church. He probably married Abigail Eliot, daughter of Jacob. William (1677)
died Jan. 23, 1706-7.

Judge Sewall wrote ; "Feb. 25, 1706-7; . . . After that I visit the widow Eliott
who dwells with her daughter Davis."

Joseph Dudley (1677), of Roxbury, son of Gov. Thomas Dudley, also brother of
Patience Dudley, wife of Major-Gen. Daniel Denison (1660), and of Sarah, wife of
Major Benjamin Keayne (1638), was born July 23, 1647. Joseph Dudley graduated at
Harvard College in 1665; was admitted a freeman in 1672; representative from 1673
to 1675; an assistant from 1676 to 1685, and was made president of the colonies of
Massachusetts and New Hampshire in 1686.

In 1682, he had visited England, was deeply engaged in court intrigues there,
became one of Andres's council, and was made chief-justice of an unconstitutional
supreme court. After long imprisonment in New England, he returned, in 1689, to
England, and for eight years was deputy-governor of the Isle of Wight, under Lord

John Barnard (1677). Authorities: Sav- uel Sewall, Col Townsend, Col Appleton : Mr. Presi-

age's (len. Diet.; Boston Kecoids. dent Leverett, Col Samuel Brown. Scarvs, Rings,

William Davis (1677). Authorities: Sav- Gloves, Scutcheons. Councillors and Ministers had

age's I ien. Iiii-t; Ilist. Cat. of ( )ld .South Church. Scarvs, and Consulary Men. Col. Otis, Thaxter

Joseph Dudley (1677). Authorities: Whit- Quincey, Uows, Nordon, Judge Lynde, Co! Paine

man's Ilist. A. and 11. A. Company, Ed. 1842; were there out of Town. Judge Dudley in a Mourn-

Drake's Ilist. of Roxlnuy; Dudley Family; New ing Cloak leil the Widow : when I took leave of her

Eng. Ilist. and Gen. Reg., 1847, ^^S^, 1869; Eliot's She desired my Prayers. Were very many people,

Biog. Diet.; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Hill's Hist, of spectators out of windows, on Fences and Trees,

Old South Church. like Pigeons. The Hells in Boston were rung for

"[1720] April 2. Gov. Dudley dies about the Funeral; which was finished when the Sun was

noon. . . . near an hour high. I and my wife and son and

"April 8. Gov. Dudley is buried in his father daughter Sewall went and came in the Hackney

Gov. Dudley's Tomb at Roxbury. Boston and coach very well. Laiis Deo." — Seioall Papers,Vol.

Roxbury regiments were under arms and 2 or 3 ///., //. 248, 249.
Troops : Bearers, His Excellency Gov. Shute, Sam-

246 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1677-8

Cutts. He returned, in 1702, with a commission from Queen Anne as Governor of
Massachusetts and New Hampshire, in which office he remained until November, 17 15.
He died at Roxbury, April 2, 1720, and was, as he requested, "buried with his father."
His brother, Paul (1677), joined the Artillery Company at the same time that Joseph
(1677) did. The latter was captain of the Roxbury company, but probably obtained
his rank of major and of colonel by service in the British army. Joseph Dudley (1677)
was agent for the colony in England during 1682, jointly with Major Richards (1644),
and returned Oct. 23, 1683.

The following appeared in the Boston Nnvs- Letter, April, 1720 : —

" On Saturday, 2d current, died the very honorable Joseph Dudley, Esq., at his
seat in Roxbury, in the 73d year of his age, being born September 23d, 1647 ; and on
Friday 8th current, he was interred in the sepulchre of his father, with all the honor
and respect his country was capable of doing him ; there being two regiments of foot
with two troops of horse in arms ; and while his funeral was passing, the guns at his
Majesty's Castle William were fired ; and on the occasion all the bells of the town of
Boston were tolled. There attended at the funeral, the members of his Majesty's
Council, in Boston and the neighboring towns ; a great number of Justices of the Peace,
Ministers, gentlemen, merchants and others.

" Gov. Dudley was the son of Hon. Thomas Dudley, Esq. (for many years Governor
of New England) and the son of his old age, being born after his father was seventy
years old. During his childhood, he was under the care of his excellent mother, and
the Rev. Mr. Allen, the Minister of Dedhani, who married her. He was educated at
the free school in Cambridge, under the famous master Corlet ; from thence he went
to the College in Cambridge, and there took his degrees in the Presidentship of Mr.
Chauncy. The first of his public appearance for his country's service, was in the
Narraganset Indian war, 1675. In 1686, the government of the Massachusetts Colony
being changed to a President and Council, he had a commission to command in chief ;
and after the arrival of Andros in the government of New England, New York, etc., he
continued President of the Council and Chief Justice. In 1690, he had a commission
as Chief Justice of New York. In 1693, he went a third time for England. While in
England, he had the honor to serve as a member of the House of Commons for the
borough of Newton, on the Isle of Wight ; but, staying in England till his Majesty's
death, he was obliged to get his commission renewed from Queen Anne, with which
he arrived at Boston, June nth, 1702, and was received with great respect and affection,
and continued in the government until November, 17 15.

" Having been educated at Harvard College, he always retained for his Alina Mater
an affectionate regard. It was, no doubt, fortunate for this institution that so warm a
friend to it had so much power in the country, after the Province Charter was annulled
in 1686.

" He was a man of rare endowments and shining accomplishments, a singular honor
to his country. He was early its darling, always its ornament, and in his age its crown.
The scholar, the divine, the philosopher, and the lawyer, — all met in him. Under his
administration, we enjoyed great quietness, and were safely steered through a long and
difficult Indian and French war. His country have once and again thankfully acknowl-
edged his abilities and fidelity in their addresses to the throne. He truly honored and
loved the religion, learning and virtue of New England ; and was himself a worthy
patron and example of them all."

'^77-8] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANV.

247

When Andros's government was overturned by the people, Mr. Dudley (1677), one
of the most obnoxious to them, was arrested and kept a close prisoner a long time, and
the representatives in the General Court decided his offence was such that he was not
bailable, and they sent up to the Council of Safety heads of charges against him and
others.

Lieut.-Gov Danforth wrote to Increase Mather: "Mr. Dudley [1677] is in a
peculiar manner the object of the people's displeasure ; even throughout all the
Colonies, where he hath sat as Judge, they deeply resent his correspondence with that
wicked man, Randolph, for overturning the government. The Governor and Council,
though they have done their utmost to procure his enlargement, yet cannot prevail, but
the people will have him in the jail ; and when he hath been by order turned out, by
force and tumult they fetch him in."

He himself wrote to Cotton Mather, on June i : " I am told that this morning is the
last opportunity for rolling away the stone from the mouth of this sepulchre, where I am
buried alive," etc.

He wrote Gov. Bradstreet, Sept. 12 : " After twenty weeks' unaccountable
imprisonment, and many barbarous usages offered me, I have now to complain, that on
Monday, the whole day, I could be allowed no victuals till nine o'clock at night, wlien
the keeper's wife offered to kindle her own fire to warm something for me, and the
corporal expressly commanded the fire to be put out."

On his third visit to England, we find him endeavormg to take advantage of com-
plaints from the province, and supplant Gov. Phips, whom he caused to be arrested in
England, and held to bail in twenty thousand pounds.

In 1705, Mr. Dudley (1677) became very unpopular, having negatived Thomas
Oakes (1684) as speaker of the House, and being accused of encouraging an illicit trade
with the French possessions in North America. The famous Bank party were his
opposers, and wished his removal. He met the Assembly at the election, May, 1715,
for the last time, but made no speech.

Mr. Hutchinson says, " No New England man had passed through more scenes of
busy life than Mr. Dudley [1677]. He was educated for the ministry, and if various
dignities had been known in the New England churches, possibly he had lived and died
a clergyman ; but, without this, nothing could be more dissonant from his genius, He
soon turned his thoughts to civil affairs. Ambition was the ruling passion, and perhaps,
like Cfesar, he had rather be the first man in New England than second in Old. Few
men have been pursued by their enemies with greater virulence, and few have been sup-
ported by their friends with greater zeal. We have seen a second generation inherit the
spirit of their ancestors, the descendants on one side preserving an affection for his
family and posterity, and, on the other, retaining equal dissatisfaction against them. He
applied himself with the greatest diligence to the business of his station. The affairs
of the war, and other parts of his administration, were conducted with good judgment.
In economy he excelled, both in public and private life. He supported the dignity of a
Governor without the reproach of parsimony, and yet, from the moderate emoluments of
his post, made an addition to his paternal estate. The visible increase of his substance
made some incredible reports of gross bribery and corruption to be easily received ;
but, in times when party spirit prevails, what will not a Governor's enemies believe,
however injurious and absurd? "

248 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1677-8

Paul Dudley (1677), of Boston, merchant, was a younger brother of Col. Joseph
(1677), and was born at Roxbury (baptized), Sept. 8, 1650. He married, in 1676, Mary,
daughter of Gov. Leverett (1639), and died Dec. i, 1681. His widow married for her
second husband. Col. Penn Townsend (1674). Mr. Dudley (1677) was a merchant,
registrar of probate under the colonial r/giine, collector of customs for the ports of Boston
and Charlestown, and a member of the Old South Church.

James Hill (1677), of Boston, was probably a son of John Hill (1647), ol Dor-
chester. The latter mentions a son, James, in his will of April 11, 1660. Capt. James
(1677) married, April 10, 1662, Hannah, sister of 'Daniel Henchman (1675). He
was a member of the Old South Church, was elected deacon Nov. 24, 1693, ^^^ was
also its treasurer. He was fourth sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1678, and its
lieutenant in 1685. Sergt. Hill (1677) was appointed ensign in the foot company
commanded by Capt. John Walley (1671), May 11, 1681, and he was appointed to the
command of the same company, Feb. 13, 1683-4.

He was, probably, a cooper by trade, as the selectmen appointed him a culler
of staves in 1669, 1670, and 1671 ; he was a highway surveyor in 1680-1, captain of
a military company, in Boston, from 1684 to 1692 inclusive, and selectman of Boston
from 1688 to 1690 inclusive, and in 1693. He died Feb. 26, 1720-1.

Henry Powning (1677), of Boston, son of Henry, was born April 28, 1654, but is
not mentioned in the records of the town. June i, 1677, one hundred and ninety-nine
" Handy craftsmen " petitioned the General Court for " protection " in their several
callings, against intruders. One of the signers was Henry Powning (1677).

Rev. Josiah Flint, of Dorchester, delivered the Artillery election sermon of 1677.
He was a son of Rev. Henry Flint, of Braintree, was born Aug. 24, 1645, graduated at
Harvard in 1664, and was ordained Dec. 27, 167 1. Josiah was the father of Henry
(Harv. Coll., 1693), who was a distinguished tutor in that institution from 1699 to 1754.
Rev. Mr. Flint appears to have been a devoted and conscientious minister, whose service
was frequently interrupted by ill-health. He died in Dorchester, Sept. 15, 1680, at the
age of thirty-five years. His monument expresses the general regard : —

"A man of God he was so great, so good,
His highest worth was hardly understood."

Paul Dudley (1677). Authorities: Dudley James Hill (1677). Authorities: Boston

Family; New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1847, 1856, Records; Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A. Company,

1869; Eliot's Biog. Diet.; Whitman's Hist. A. and Ed. 1842.

H. A. Company, Ed. 1842; Hill's Hist, of Old " Feb. 23, 1720-21, Dined at Mr -Sewall's, with

South Church. Mrs Man, Grand-daughler of Capt Hill, who was

" ['677] July 24. Rec'd of Mr. Paul Dudley pray'd for with his wife. . . . Feb. 25. Mrs Hannah

[1677] to be distributed among the poor now re- Hill, wife of Capt James Hill, dyes alraut 5 p.m.

siding in Boston, come from other parts impover- .-E/a/.S^. . . . Keli. 26. Lord's Day, Capt and Dea-

ished by the war; 12 l)arrells of wheat, i barrell of con James Hill dyes about 6 aclock in the morning,

malt, 12 barrells of flour, 15 barrells of oatmeal, 2 ,/i7rt/. 82. Dyed Praying: OplanJo si iioii affirm-

firkins of butter and 170 pounds of cheese, which amlo. . . . March 2: After Lecture Capt James

was accordingly distributed." — Boston Rcroi-i/s. Hill and Hannah his wife .ire buried. . . . South

"Thorsdav, Xr. I. 1681. The well accom- Burying place, tireat Funeral." — S,i,;i// Piifers.
plished Merchant and Accomptant, Mr Paid Dudley Rev. Joslah Flint. Authorities: Histories

dyed, being little above 30 yeers old." — Se-wall of Dorchester; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Sprague's

Papers, Vol. II., /. 17. Annals of American Pulpit.

1678-9] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 249

, ^ The officers elected were : John Hull (1660), captain ; John Walley

J QTq-Q^ (1671), lieutenant; Ephraim Savage (1674), ensign. John Atwood

• -^ (1673) was first sergeant; John Noyes (1676), second sergeant;

Benjamin Davis (1673), third sergeant; James Hill (1677), fourth sergeant; lohn
Hayvvard (1673), clerk; John Scottow, drummer, and Edward Smith, armorer.

Gov. John Leverett (1639) died in Boston, March 16, 1678, and was buried on the
25th, then considered the first day of the legal year. For nearly forty years he was
active in public matters ; equally efficient in leading his company into conflict or
presiding over the interests of the colony. He was fearlessly faithful to New England
in peace and war, at home and abroad.

The new members recruited in 1678-9 were ; Samuel Checkley, Nathaniel Elkin,
Humphrey Luscomb, Thomas Smith, John Tay, Benjamin Thwing, William White.

Samuel Checkley (1678), of Boston, was born in Preston, Northamptonshire,
England, Oct. 14, 1653, and was half-brother of Capt. Anthony Checkley (1662). He
arrived at Boston, Aug. 3, 1670. SamiJel (1678) was a physician and surgeon in Boston,
also proprietor of an apothecary's store, to which business his son, Richard, succeeded.
He married, in 1680, Mary, daughter of Joshua Scottow (1645). They had eleven
children, only two of whom survived their father, viz., Richard and Samuel. An obituary
notice of Samuel Checkley (1678) is given in the Nnvs-Letter of Jan. 4, 1739.

He was for many years active in the military of Boston, being appointed ensign of
Capt. Wing's (1671) company, Feb. 16, 1685-6, and after the usual promotions became
major of the Boston regiment in 1702, lieutenant-colonel in 1706, and colonel from
i7ioto 1712. He is called "Col," however, in the Boston Records, as early as 1706.
He received twelve different commissions, from that of ensign, given by Gov. Bradstreet,
to that of colonel, by Lieut.-Gov. Tailler (17 12). He was a member of the Old South
Church, and was elected deacon Oct. 15, 1693, which honor he declined; selectman
from 1693 to 1696 inclusive; representative in 1702-7, and town clerk from 1720 to
1733. After the revolution which overturned Andres's government, he was actively
engaged in reviving the Artillery Company, and was fourth sergeant in 1685, third
sergeant in 1690, lieutenant in 1694, and captain in 1700. He was also one of his
Majesty's justices of the peace from 1714 to 1727 inclusive. He died Dec. 27, 1738.

Rev. Samuel Checkley, son of Col. Samuel (1678), delivered the sermon before
the Artillery Company in 1725, and Rev. Samuel, grandson of Col. Samuel (1678),
delivered the sermon in 1757.

Nathaniel Elkin (1678).

Humphrey Luscomb (1678), of Boston, a merchant, was one of the founders of
King's Chapel in 1686.' His name appears in the Boston town records but once,
April 6, 1686, when he and Theodore Atkinson (1644) came before the selectmen and

Samuel Checkley (1678). Authorities: Humphrey Luscomb (167S). "[i6S8]Mon-

Bostiin Records; Whitman's Ilist. A. and IL A. day June 11. About 3 this Morn, Major Luscomb

Company, Ed. 1842; Records of Mass. Bay; Hill's dies of a Fever. . . .

Hist, of Old South Church; New Eng. Hist, and "Maj. L. was buried June 15, 16S8, between

Gen. Reg., 1S48, 1861. 7 & 8 i'. M. Six companies attended. After the

"[lyigJSr I4'li ... visited Col. Checkley who Volleys several great guns were fired." — Snoall

is very sick, says he is this day 66 years old; takes Paftrs, I'o/. /., /. 217.
my visit very kindly, and desires Prayers." — SfMill ' See Foote's Annals of King's Chapel.

Papers, Vol. III., p. 332.

250 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND ['67S-9

desired them to make a record of an agreement between them relating to the bounds
of land near Bendall's Dock. The agreement is recorded, signed, and witnessed.
Administration was granted on his estate by Sir Edmund Andros, June 23, 1688, in
which Humphrey Luscomb (1678) was called "Major." He was doubtless appointed
to mihtary office by Gov. Andros. He died June 11, 1688.

Thomas Smith (1678), of Boston. His sureties were Capt. Hutchinson (1670)
and Ensign Checkley (1678). His name appears in Boston Records, April 25, 1681,
when he is chosen as a tithing-man from Capt. Walley's (167 1) company.

John Tay (1678), son of William, of Boston, was born Nov. 16, 1647. He does
not appear to be mentioned in the Boston town records, and his father, in his will,
dated April 28, 1680, does not mention him.

Benjamin Thwing (1678), of Boston, son of Benjamin, was born in July, 1647.
He was a carpenter by trade, a member of the Old South Church, and was admitted to
be a freeman May 19, 1680. He married, about 1669, Abigail Dickson. The Boston
town records say that liberty was granted, in 1679, " Benj° Thwinge to lay Timber" on
the town land, and July 29, 1680, "Benj" Twinge" was chosen a tithing-man from Capt.
Hutchinson's (1670) company.

On Friday, Jan. 14, 1681, as he was going from Mount Hope to Rhode Island in
a canoe, with an Indian, the canoe was upset by the wind and ice, and Mr. Thwing
(1678) was drowned.

William White (1678) was one of the founders of King's Chapel in 1686, and on
the record of the first meeting, June 15, 1686, his name stands next after Mr. Luscomb's
(1678). William White (1678) was born in 1646, and was named, with two others, in
March, 1688, by Sir Edmund Andros, to obtain contributions for building an Episcopal
church in Boston.

Rev. Samuel Newell, a son of Increase Nowell, who was one of the founders of
the First Church in Charlestown, and of the First Church in Boston, delivered the
Artillery election sermon of 1678. Rev. Samuel Nowell was never a settled minister,
but served as chaplain in King Philip's War. He became a freeman in 1677, an
assistant in 1680, and in October, 1685, was chosen treasurer of the colony, an office
from which he was relieved the next year by the commissioning of Joseph Dudley
(1677) as Governor. Randolph wrote the Earl of Clarendon, July 14, 16S2, that as
leaders in the "high misdemeanors," he designated "Thomas Danforth, Samuel Nowell,
a late fanatic preacher, and now a magistrate," etc. He went to England to act with
Mr. Mather at court in favor of New England, Capt. Elisha Hutchinson (1670) being
also present, but died at London in September, 1688. His wife was the widow of
Hezekiah Usher (1638).

Rev. Cotton Mather, writing in the Magnalia, Book VII., Chap. 6, Sect. 10, of the
Swamp Fort fight, says : " I wish I could particularly give an ' immortal memory ' to
all the brave men that signalled themselves in this action. But among them, how shall

Benjamin Thwing (167S). Authority: The "Capt William White commamled the South

Thwing Family, by Walter E. Thwing, 1883. Company in 1687." — &t.'i7//',v Diiiiy.

William White (167S). AuTHOKiTiES: Foote's Rev. Samuel Nowell. Authorities: Math-
Annals of King's Chapel; 3 Mass. Hist. Coll., Vol. er's Magnalia; Savage's Gen. Diet.
I., p. 84.

PROVINCE HOUSE.

1679-80] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 25 1

I speak thy praise ! thou excellent Samuel Novvel, never to be forgotten ! This now
reverend, and afterward worshipful person, a chaplain to the army, was author to a good
sermon preached unto the Artillery Company of the Massachusetts, which he entitled,
' Abraham in Arms,' and at this fight there was no person more like a true son of 'Abra-
ham in Arms,' or that with more courage and hazardy fought in the midst of a shower
of bullets from the surrounding savages. But —

"Time would not let me all his deeds recite, —
His skill in cnuncil — prowess in the fight."

^ Q The officers elected were: John Walley (1671), captain; Penn

I O/'Q'OO. "^"^^"^^'-"^ ('^74), lieutenant; Benjamin Davis (1673), ensign.
' -' William Greenough (1675) ^vas first sergeant; Jeremiah Dummer

(1671), second sergeant; Ephraim Sale (1674), third sergeant; Joseph Belknap (1658),
fourth sergeant; John Hayward (1673), clerk; John Marion, drummer, and Edward
Smith, armorer.

Boston had, meanwhile, become the principal seaport in North America, untram-
melled as yet by a royal custom-house, and the flags of the maritime nations waved at
her wharves.

Boston, in 1679, had about nine thousand inhabitants, occupying less than two
thousand tenements. Some of the houses in the business portion of the town were of
brick, with tile or slate roofs, and others were of wood, plastered roughcast on the
outside with cement, in which was mixed finely-powdered black glass. The greater
portion of the houses, however, were of wood, covered with clapboards, and roofed
with cedar shingles. The chimneys were large, built in a stack in the centre of the
house, and the windows were small.

The streets, of different widths (sometimes the same street bearing different names
in different places), were paved with round beach stones. There were neither street-
lamps nor sidewalks, but hitching-posts were numerous, and nearly every large house had
its horse-block in front for convenience in mounting and dismounting. The cows of
many of the freeholders were pastured on the Common, while others owned pasture-
lands, orchards, and gardens on the road leading to Cambridge. There were in the
centre of the town several large and handsome villas, surrounded by gardens, and one
which eclipsed the others had just been completed by Peter Sergeant, a wealthy mer-
chant, on land which he had purchased of Col. Samuel Shrimpton (1670). This edifice,
afterward known as the Province House, was built in the most substantial manner, and
the elaborately-wrought iron-work of the balustrade, over the front entrance, contained
the initials of the owner, and the date, thus : " 16 P. S. 79."

Mr. Sergeant died on the 8th of February, 1713-4, and his widow married, May
12, 1715, her third husband, Simeon Stoddard (1675). He died on the 15th of October,
1730, in his eightieth year. She survived him eight years.

When she married Mr. Stoddard (1675), she had no further use for the house
erected by Mr. Sergeant, for her new husband had one as desirable, and the estate was
purchased by the province.

The new members recruited in 1679-S0 were : Samuel Bridge, Edward Bromfield,
Nathaniel Byfield, John Cotta, John Foster, Francis Foxcroft, Obadiah Gill, Robeir"

252

HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1679-80

Jones, Charles Lidget, Benjamin Mountfort, Joseph Parsons, WilHam Pollard, Samuel
Ravenscroft, Samuel Sewall, Thomas Smith, William Sumner, James Townsend, and
David Waterhouse.

Samuel Bridge (1679), o^ Boston in 1671, a carpenter, was admitted a freeman
in 1672. Between 1673 and 1701, he was elected or appointed to town office during
fourteen years; also, being a member of Capt. James Hill's (1677) company, he was
chosen a tithing-man in 1686, 1690, 1693, and 1696. He also worked at his trade for
the town, and served on special committees, the last service being in 17 13, to inspect
the town in regard to the observance of the by-law for keeping ladders at each house.
Mr. Whitman (18 10) says he was "of Charlestown." If he was the son of William
and Persis (Pierce) Bridge, of Charlestown, he was born Aug. 19, 1647.

His will (Suffolk Wills, Vol. XX., folio 123) mentions five daughters and two sons.
The latter, Benjamin and Rbenezer, joined the Artillery Company in 17 11 and 1717
respectively.

\ Edward Bromfield (1679), of Boston in 1675, son of Henry, was a merchant,

whose name is perpetuated by the thoroughfare, Bromfield Street, in Boston. He
was the father of Edward (1732), one of his Majesty's council, and was a man of,
'' great integrity and singular piety." He was a member of the Old South Church, and
died June 2, 1734, aged eighty-six years. His tomb is in the King's Chapel Burial-
Ground.

In 1684, he is recorded as a member of Capt. Savage's (1674) military company,
of Boston. Refusing to serve as constable in 1686, he was fined "accordinge to lawe."
He was chosen commissioner for the town, Aug. 24, 1691, and representative in 1693,
1694, and 1695 ; also selectman in 1694 and 1695.

The JVe7ci England Journal, ^\. the time of his decease, said, "Edward Bromfield
[1679] ^v^s born at Haywood House, the seat of the family, near New Forest, in Hamp-
shire, in England, on Jan. 10, 1648-9, and baptized in the neighboring church, at
Chancroft, on Jan. 16 following; sers'ed his apprenticeship in London; soon after, took
a trading voyage to Jamaica, and afterwards to New England, whither he came in 1675
and finding this then very religious country agreeable to his pious genius, soon chose it
for his own, and to live and die among us, and in the trade of merchandise.

" He served his town in many offices. Even in the time of our old charter, he was
one of the commissioners of the peace, and trial of civil actions under ten pounds.
In May, 1703, chosen into the council, and from that time annually elected till. 1728,

Samuel Bridge (1679). Authority : Boston Edward Bromfield, Esq., in the S61I1 year of his age;

Records. who for many years was one of his ISfajesty's Coun-

" [1717! Saturday] Nov 30. Sam. Bridge died cil, a gentleman of great integrity and singular piety,

last night; was at work on Monday last. . . . Tues- He was buried on Thursday the 6'li [of June] folUiw-

day Dec. 3. r. M. I go to the P'uneral of Mr. Sam' ing [1734]. He was the third son of Henry Broni-

Bridge, Col. Townsend w.is one of the Eeai'ers; Six field, Esr|. . . . and was born at Haywood House, ,

J Councillers foUow'd the Relations. . . . The Aer ILampshire, England, Jan. 10, 164S-9; served his /

^^^ / was grown vtry Ciilil, and snow'd before we got to apprenticeship in London; came to America in ''^'^.

^^1^. thegrave." — .SV7.w///V/<v.v, Fo/. ///.,//. 150, 152. 1675. He w.is annually elected of the Council ol >

/^^ Edward Bromfield (1679). Autiioritiks: Massachusetts from 1703 to 172S. ... He was twice

' ' *T T^ _ I r:_i 1 /' r» wCrt .C-. iC.^. ........;.^.1 . Tcf nU^..f lAn*.; f.^ \f..<. I.'i;^..K»tl. T> 1_

New Eng. Hist, and Cen. Reg., 1S59, 1S71, 1S72; married: ist, about 167S, to Mrs. Eliz.abeth Brad-
Boston Records; King's Chapel Burial- Ornund, by ing; 2d, to Miss Mary Danforth, daughter of Rev.
Bridgman, p. 255; Resolves, etc., of Mass. liay, Samuel Danforth, of Roxbury." — jVt.TU England
Vol. VH. J,'iirnal, Jiin,; 1734.
" Yesterday in the afternoon, died the Hon.

1679-80] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 253

when, being in the eightieth year of his age, his growing infirmities released him from
public business. He joined the church of the reverend and famous Mr. Doolittle, about
the seventeenth year of his age, entered into a special acquaintance with the renowned
Mr. Baxter, and other eminent confessors of Christ ; closely attended their ministry with
great delight through all the difficulties of the then reigning persecution.

" Not long after his coming over, he joined himself to the [Old] South Church in
this town, and has been therein a distinguished ornament. His heart was especially
set for the propagation of the gospel in ignorant places, supporting ministers of low
salaries, maintaining charity schools for children, and helping poor and hopeful scholars
to academical learning.

" He turned the pasture behind his house into a very shady grove ; and in the
midst he built an Oratory, where, even in the most flourishing circumstances, and height
of business, he would several times a day retire, that he might turn his eyes from
beholding vanity. His temper was very active, cheerful, open-hearted, free and liberal.
He made every one always easy about him, unless he had to do with bold transgressors,
and then he rather wished their reformation than their punishment. In the education
of his children he was exceedingly careful."

Edward Rawson, the colonial secretary, bought property of Theodore Atkinson
(1644), and through the land was laid out Rawson's Lane. This name was changed,
in 1796, to Bromfield Lane, which in 1829 became Bromfield Street, in memory of
Edward Bromfield (1679), who "lived on the southerly side about half way up, where
later the Bromfield House stood. This site was afterwards occupied by the Indian
Queen Tavern."

Nathaniel Byfield (1679), oi Boston in 1674, a lawyer, son of Rev. Richard Byfield,
was born at Long Ditton, Surrey County, England, in 1653. He was the youngest of
twenty-one children. He came to Boston in 1674, and married, in 1675, Deborah,
daughter of Capt. Thomas Clarke (1638). April 25, 1676, he sent the following petition
to the Governor and council : " The Petition of Nathaniel Byfield Humbly showeth, That
your petitioner is a stranger in the country & lately married, & is now Prest to go out
to war against the Indians. And whereas the law of God is plain in Deut. 5, that when
a man hath taken a new wife he shall not go out to war, neither shall he be charged
with any business, but he shall be free at home one year. Your petitioner doth humbly
request the favor of your Honours to grant him the Priviledge and benefit of the said
law & to grant him a discharge from the present service." His second wife was Sarah,
youngest daughter of Gov. Leverett (1639). His first wife died in 17 17, his second in
1730, and he died June 6, 1733.

He became a proprietor, and among the first settlers, of Bristol, in Plymouth
Colony, for which he was representative in 1691, and for the United Province in 1692,
being also speaker of the House in 1693. He was representative from Boston in 1696,
1697, and 1698, a member of the council in 1699, and for thirteen years afterward prior
to 1729 ; and six other years, between 1713 and 1724, he was elected but negatived by
the Governor. He served as a special justice of the Superior Court by appointment
in 1727, 1728, and Jan. 11, 1732-3. He was appointed judge of the inferior Court of
Common Pleas, in Bristol County, Aug. 7, 1701, which he resigned in 1724, after nearly

Nathaniel Byfleld (1679). Authorities: 1774; Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A. Company,
Boston Records; Whitmore's Mass. Civil List, 1630- Ed. 1842.

254 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1679-80

a continuous service ; was regi s ter of probate of Bristol County nearly twenty years,
between 1702 and 1729, and was appointed for one year, from June 19, 1697, commis-
sioner of import and excise. He obtained a commission as judge of tfie vice-admiralty
for the provinces of Massachusetts Bay, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island, which he
received in April, 1704, and continued in that office until 1715. In 1729, he was
reappointed to that office. In 1715, he went to England, to endeavor to supplant Gov.
Dudley (1677). Having been reproved by the Governor, in council, for some alleged
errors in judicial proceedings, he was ever after in opposition to him, which Gov. Dudley
(1677) revenged by negativing his election as. councillor. Being a favorite of Gov.
Belcher, Mr. Byfield (1679) and Elisha Cooke, Jr. (1699), were appointed by the
Governor, Dec. 29, 1731, judges of the Court of Common Pleas in Suffolk County, in
the places of Col. Hutchinson (1670) and William Dudley removed. He was constable
of Boston in 1678. On the Boston town records, 1699-1701, he is called "Captain."
He was fourth sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1682, and its lieutenant in 1699.
In 1702, he was commissioned colonel of a regiment embracing all the militia of Bristol
County. The distinguished Indian fighter, Benjamin Church, was his lieutenant-colonel,
and Ebenezer Brenton, major.

John Cotta (1679), of Boston, a tailor, became a freeman in 167 1. He married
Mary Moore in 1668, and died Nov. 20, 1723, aged seventy-seven years. In 1665,
May 29, John Cotta (1679) "was fined 10* for opeing shop, contrary to Towne order."
In 1680, he was a member of Capt. Savage's (1674) company, of Boston, was a constable
in 1685, and a member of the military in 1691. Mr. Whitman (1810) says he was
active in the revival of the Artillery Company in 1690, and held a commission in the
militia. His son, John, joined the Artillery Company in 1698. John Cotta (1679) was
third sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1692.

John Foster (1679), of Boston, was an eminent merchant from Aylesbury, Bucks
County, England, and was admitted a freeman in 1682. He joined the Artillery Com-
pany immediately after his arrival, and became very prominent in the affairs of the
Company from 1690 to 1695. He was of the Council of Safety in 1689J was repre-
sentative for Portsmouth in 1690; one of Gov. Dudley's (1677) councillors; named in
the charter of William and Mary in 1692; one of the first council under it, in which
office he continued until his death, Feb. 9, 1710-1.

He is mentioned in the Boston town records, the first time, March 15, 1679-80,
when, being elected constable, he was fined for refusing to serve ; and was selectman in
1690, 1691, and 1692. On the 7th of December, 1692, he was appointed a justice of
the inferior Court of Common Pleas for Suffolk County, and served in that office until

John Cotta (1679). Authorities: Boston " Fcbr 9. Seventh-day, between 11 and 12 m.

Records; Savage's Gen. Diet. Col John Foster expires. His place at the Council

" ['723] Novf 23 Mr. John Cotta, the father, is Board and Court will hardly be tilled up. I have

buried." — Snuall Papers, Vol. III., p. '^2']. lost a good Left-hand man. The Lord save New

John Foster (1679). Authorities: New England. Now just half the Counsellours mentioned

Eng. Hist, and Cen. Reg., 1863; Boston Records; in the Charter are dead. . . .

Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1842. "Thorsday Feb 15. John Foster Esqr is en-

" Seventh-day Feby 3, 1710-11. Col Foster tombed. . . . Scarfs and Rings, Escutcheons. All

was taken with an Apoplectick Fit as he was at the of the Council had Scarfs: . . . many great Guns

privat house about 8 M. When he staid long they were fired." — Scivall Papers, Vol. II., pp. 299,

call'd, none answered; so they burst open the door, 300.
and found him fallen down and .Speechless. . . .

1679-80] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 255

his decease. He is called " Capt." in the Boston town records, 1696-8, and Mr.
Savage says he was colonel of the Boston regiment, " a wealthy merchant, and of a
most fair and unblemished character."

Francis Foxcroft (1679), of Cambridge, originally settled in Boston. He is said
to have been the son of Daniel, who was mayor of Leeds, York County, England, in 1665,
and he arrived in America about that time. He married, Oct. 3, 1682, Elizabeth, daugh-
ter of Gov. Danforth, and had two sons, both of whom graduated at Harvard College.
On the death of Gov. Danforth, Mr. Foxcroft (1679) removed from Boston to Cambridge,
and occupied the Governor's homestead, which had been conveyed to him. He was a
man of wealth and energy, and served the state in various offices. He died at Cam-
bridge, Dec. 31, 1727, aged about seventy years.

Rev. Lucius R. Paige, D. D., in the History of Cambridge, says, " Mr. Foxcroft
[1679] was a justice of the peace under Andros, and upon his warrant Winslow [1692]
was committed to prison for announcing the revolution in England. A few days after-
ward he exchanged places with Winslow [1692], and became himself a prisoner with
Andros and his adherents." He was soon after released, and April 20, 1689, he was
confined in Gov. Danforth's house for one week, when he was set at liberty.

He represented Dunstable in the General Court in 1693; was judge of the Court
of Common Pleas for Middlesex County from 1709 to 17 19, and judge of probate from
1708 to 1725.

Henry Flint, in the preface to the funeral sermon delivered by Rev. Dr. Appleton,
thus sketches Francis Foxcroft (1679) : "He was a gentleman by birth, of a worthy
family in the north of England, where he received a good school education. He was
bred a merchant, and was very expert and skilful, as well as very just and upright in
all his business. His natural powers were extraordinary ; his acquired knowledge of
various kinds was so too; his virtues were great and eminent. His generosity, prudence,
sincerity, justice towards men, and piety towards God, were conspicuous to those that
knew him. His temper indeed was sudden, and made almost uncontrollable by the
violence of the gout and pain he was such an uncommon instance of ; but this was his
burden and lamentation. He was a person of grave and austere countenance and
conversation, mixed with much of the gentleman and the Christian."

At a meeting of the selectmen of Boston, July 27, 1713, Francis Foxcroft (1679)
is recorded as a captain. He was second sergeant of the Artillery Co'mpany in 1683,
and is probably the Col. Foxcroft (1679) ^ho commanded a regiment raised for fighting
the Indians. He is called "Colonel" on the records of King's Chapel, Dec. 20, 1703.

Obadiah Gill (1679), of Boston, a shipwright, eldest son of John, of Boston, first
appears on the Boston town records in November, 1673. He held a town office in

Francis Foxcroft (1679). Authorities: lay his hands on the Bible in Swearing." — Sruui//

Boston Records; New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., Papers, Vol. /., /. 202.

1853, 1854, 1861, 1875, 1879, 1880; Annals of "March 30, 16S8. Obadia Gill . . . is l.y a

King's Chapel, p. 105; Paige's Hist, of Cam- Writt from the Sheriff imprisoned, because he paid

bridge; Kurd's Hist, of Middlesex Co., pp. 29, not the ly. 4d which he was fined, Feb 8, for not

30. laying his Hand on the Bible. . . .

"[1727-8] Jan 4 Thorsday, Col. Francis Fox- "He paid the fine, and Ly not in Prison one

croft was inter'd at Cambridge." — Se'wall Papers, night." — Scicn// Papers, Vol, I., p. 208.
Vol. Ill; p. 389. " Here lieth buried ye Bodi of Obodiah Gill

Obadiah Gill (1679). Authority: Boston Deacon of ye North Church in Boston Aged 50

Records. years, decesed January ye 6 — • 1 700." — From Copp's

" [1687-8] Wednesday, Feb. 8, Obad. Gill . . . Bill Burial- Ground.

is fined by Judge West Marks for refusing to

256 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1679-80

1676, and in 1678 was a member of the first engine company in town. In i5So, he
was a member of Capt. John Richards's (1644) military company in Boston. He was
both highway surveyor and constable in 1682, and, besides holding other offices, was
selectman in 1691, and continuously thereafter until 1701. The inventory of his estate
was returned to the probate court April i, 1702. He was fourth sergeant of the Artillery
Company in 1691.

Robert Jones (1679), son of Robert, of Hingham, was probably born in England.
In 1644, the family removed to Rehoboth, remained a few years, and then returned to
Hingham. Robert Jones (1679) c^'d not return to Hingham, but probably settled in
Swansea. He married Anna, daughter of John Bibble. He was killed by the Indians
June 24, 1675. Robert, St., in his will, mentions the children of his deceased son,
Robert (1679).

Charles Lidget (1679), of Boston, son of Peter Lidget, "a rich merchant," of
Boston, was born in that town, March 29, 1650. He married (i) Bethiah Shrimpton
and (2) Mary Hester, of London. He is called a colonel, by Hutchinson, I., 374,
at the downfall of Andros and his government, upon whose side Mr. Lidget (1679)
prominently acted. He was one of the founders of King's Chapel, and his name,
" Captaine Lydgett," appears on the record of the first meeting, June 15, 1686, with
Mr. Luscomb's (1678) and Mr. White's (1678). Mr. Foote, in Annals of King's Chapel,
says, "April 26, 1687, he was an assistant justice of the Superior Court, with Dudley as
chief-justice."

He sailed for England in February, 1689-90, and died in London, July 13, 1698.

Benjamin Mountfort (1679) arrived at Boston in the ship "Dove," from London,
in 1675. He was about thirty years of age. He was a strong Episcopalian and Royalist,
and was one of the founders of King's Chapel. He was a member of its first vestry,
and, in 1690 and 1696, one of its wardens. He was an uncle of John Mountfort, who
joined the Artillery Company in 1697. Benjamin was an affluent and influential ship-
owner. He built his warehouse on the site of the present granite building, corner of
Change Avenue and Faneuil Hall Square, which became known as "MoHntfort's Corner."

He married Rebecca Foster, of Dorchester. They had no children, and he willed
his entire property to his wife. His will, executed Oct. 21, 17 13, was proved Sept. 7,
1 7 14. His remains were buried in King's Chapel Burial- Ground.

Joseph Parsons (1679), of Boston, merchant, married Bethia Brattle, daughter of
Capt. Thomas (1675). They had four children, all of whom died young; the mother
herself dying July 4, 1690, ten days after her last child died.

Mr. Parsons (1679) was a member of the patriotic council for the overthrow of
Andros in 1689, and was made a freeman in March, 1690.

Of Joseph Parsons (1679), the father, after the death of the last of his family,
nothing has been learned, except that he was alive in 1720.

Robert Jones (1679). AuxnoRrriEs: Sav- Benjamin Mountfort (1679). Authorities:

age's Gen. Diet. ; Lineoln's Hist, of Hingham. Annals of King's Cliapel, pp. 93, 123; King's

Charles Lidget (1679). Authorities: New Chapel Burial-Ground, by liridgman, p. 319.
Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1S79, 18S0, for letters Joseph Parsons (1679). Authorities: Sav-

of Charles Lidget (1679) and Francis Fo.xcroft age's Gen. Diet.; Harris's Descendants uf Thomas

(1679); Annals of King's Chapel. Brattle.

1679-80] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 257

William Pollard (1679), of Boston, son of William, an innholder, was born in
Boston, March 20, 1653. He also kept an "ordinary," licensed in 1690. He was the
father of Capt. Jonathan Pollard (1700), and grandfather of Col. Benjamin (1726) ;
was a member of the Old South Church, and soldier in King Philip's War. He died
in 1690.

Samuel Ravenscroft (1679), of Boston, married Dionysia, daughter of Major
Thomas Savage (1637). Mr, Foote, in Annals of King's Chapel, says he was, in
1689, one of the wardens of King's Chapel, which prevented his two youngest children
being baptized at the Old South Church, to which he had belonged, and where his three
eldest are recorded. He, too, was imprisoned in the revolution of 1689, and soon, after
uniting in a loyal address to King William, moved from Boston. He was one of the
founders of King's Chapel, and his name appears in the records of the first meeting,
June 15, 1686. He was second sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1682, and ensign
in 1686.

Samuel Sewall (1679), of Boston, bookseller, was born at Bishop-Stoke, England,
March 28, 1652. He came to New England in i66i,and graduated at Harvard College
in 1671. In a letter written in 1720 to his son, who had made some inquiries respect-
ing the genealogy of the family, he wrote : " Mr. Henry Sewall, my great-grandfather,
was a linen-draper in the city of Coventry, in Great Britain. He acquired a great estate,
was a prudent man, and mayor of the city. Henry Sewall, my grandfather, was his
eldest son, who, out of dislike to the English hierarchy, sent over his only son, my father,
Mr. Henry Sewall, to New England, in the year 1634, with neat cattle and provisions
suitable for a new plantation. On March 25, 1646, Richard Saltonstall joined together
in marriage my father and my mother, Mrs. Jane Dummer, — my mother about nine-
teen years old. 'Your fathers, where are they?' In 1674, I took my second degree at
Harvard College, and Mrs. Hannah Hull, my dear wife, saw me when I took my
degrees, and set her affections on me, though I knew nothing of it till after our marriage,
which was Feb. 28, 1675-6. Gov. Bradstreet married us."

It has been asserted in history and in romance, that when Mr. Sewall (1679) married
Hannah Hull, on the 28th of February, 1675-6, her father requested her, after the
ceremony, to stand on one side of his large scales, while he placed bags of shillings on
the other side, until she was weighed down. The scales have been handed down, and
grace a continental collection in Newbury ; but modern iconoclasts say that the story
originated in an ingenious computation of the weight of the sum which the bride actually
received as her dowry. " From this marriage," remarks Quincy, " has sprung the
eminent family of the Sewalls, which has given three chief-justices to Massachusetts, and
one to Canada, and has been distinguished in every generation by talents and virtues of
its members."

William Pollard (1679). Authorities: Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1847, p. 105, with portrait;

Savage's Gen. Diet.; Hill's Hist, of Old South Sewall's Diary and Tapers.

Church. " [1712] Monday, May 5. I lay a stone at the

Samuel Ravenscroft (1679). Authority: South-east Corner of the Town House and had

Foote's Annals of King's Chapel. engraven on it S. S. 1712." — Siivall Papers, Vol.

Samuel Sewall (1679;. Authorities: Hill's //.,/. 346.

Hist, of Old South Church ; Whitman's Hist. A. and " The first Court was open'd in the New Town-

H. A. Company, Ed. 1842; Atlantic Monthly, Feb- house," April 27, 1713. — Stwail Papers, Vol. II.,

ruary, 1880; Memoir of Samuel Sewall; New Eng. /. 379.

258 . HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1679-80

Samuel (1679) attended school at Badesley, England, and later at Rumney.
Arriving in Boston in 1661, not yet ten years of age, he proceeded to Newbury, and con-
tinued his studies under the tutorship of Rev. Thomas Parker, graduating in 1671.
His original intention was to enter the ministry, and therefore he studied divinity,
commenced preaching, and thought of settling at Woodbridge, N. J. ; but his plans
were changed, possibly by his fortunate marriage to Hannah Hull, daughter of Capt. John
Hull (1660), the goldsmith and mint-master.

He was admitted to be freeman in 1678, and almost immediately began his public
career. In the Records of the Town of Boston, he first appears, March 15, 1682-3, as
one of a committee to draw up instructions for the deputies for the General Court. He
was captain of a Boston military company from 1684 to 1693, and was major of the
regiment in 1695-6. He was chosen assistant in 1684, 1685, and 1686. He served the
town in various offices, and on many special committees. He visited England in 1688
and in 1689 ; the old charter having been revived, he was again assistant. He was a
member of the old council in 1689, and also of the new, from 1692 to 1725, being the
last survivor of the first-named councillors. In May, 1692, he was appointed one of
the judges for the trial of persons charged with witchcraft. Nineteen of the persons
arraigned before this court at Salem were executed. At a public meeting in the Old
South meeting-house, on Fast Day, Jan. 14, 1697, the minister read publicly a note from
Samuel Sewall (1679), — the latter standing in the congregation while Rev. Mr. Willard
read it, — acknowledging the writer's guilt in the decisions of the court, and asking the
pardon both of God and man.

Dec. 9, 1692, Mr. Sewall (1679) was chosen one of the judges of the Superior
Court, and became chief-justice in 17 18, retaining his seat on the bench until 1728, when,
on account of advanced years, he resigned it. He was appointed judge of probate for
the county of Suffolk in 1715, an office which he also resigned in 1728. He was a
supervisor of the press in 1681, and, when the Cambridge press came under his control,
is said to have printed the catechism with his own hands. In 1721, he entered his
dissent to a declaration of war against the eastern Indians, and is entitled to the honor
of being the first to oppose domestic slavery.

He was " a good friend to the aborigines of every tribe, not from mere humanity
and compassion, but he was much inclined to think that they were part of the ancient
people of God, and that the ten tribes, by some means or other, had strolled into
America. He was a commissioner for propagating the gospel among them, and with his
own substance built them a synagogue, and did many other charitable acts."

He was a man of distinguished piety, a diligent student of the Scriptures, and the
author of two works on the Prophecies. In the year 1 700, he expressed his sympathy
with the enslaved Africans by the issuing of a tract, entitled " The Selling of Joseph."
In 1 701, with Hon. Isaac Addington (1652), he drew up rules for the regulation of
Yale College, and was a member of the council, and one of the board of overseers of
Harvard College for many years.

He died at Boston, Jan. i, 1730, in his seventy-eighth year. The Boston ..A'tviv-
Lettcr oi Jan. 8, 1730, says, —

"After a month's languishment, died at his residence here, the Hon. Samuel
Sewall, Esq. [1679], "^^^o has for forty years appeared a great ornament of his town and
country. He was early chosen a tutor and fellow at Cambridge college, after taking his
degree, but did not long reside there, on account of his marriage within a year. In

1679-80] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 259

the disorderly time of Sir E. Andres's government, towards the end of 1688, he went a
voyage to England ; upon his landing there, met the surprising news of the happy
revolution, and returned here the following year.

" He was universally beloved among us for his eminent piety, learning, and wisdonij
his grave and venerable aspect and carriage, his instructive, affable, and cheerful con-
versation, his strict integrity and regard for justice, which with many other excellencies,
rendered him ' worthy of a distinguishing regard in the New England histories.'

" He lived happily with the wife of his youth about forty-three years, who died Oct.
19,. 1717. He afterwards married Mrs. Abigail Tilley and Mrs. Mary Gibbs, who is now
a mourning widow."

He was first sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1680, ensign in 1683, and com-
mander in 1 701. Among his children were Rev. Joseph, pastor of the Old South
Church, whom he lived to see settled there, and who, by shedding tears profusely during
his prayers, gained the name of the " weeping apostle."

Thomas Smith (1679).

William Sumner (1679), of Boston, blacksmith, grandson of William, of Dorchester,
and son of William, of Boston, was born in Boston, Feb. 9, 1656. He was a member
of Major Clarke's (1644) military company in Boston in 1680, and held town offices
for three years. July 28, 1684, the selectmen "agreed with WiUiam Sumner [1679],
blacksmith to pay him ^Ids in mony to keepe the clocke at y' North end of the Towne
for one yeare." About 1687, he moved from Boston to Middleton, and died there
July 20, 1703.

From William, the grandfather, are descended Gov. Increase Sumner and his son.
Gen. William H. Sumner (1819), also Thomas W. Sumner (1792).

James Townsend (1679), of Boston, a carpenter, son of William, and brother of
Col. Penn Townsend (1674), was born Jan. 15, 1647, and became a freeman in 1672.
He died before Dec. 17, 1689, when his widow refused letters of administration.

David Waterhouse (1679), of Boston in 1679, was very prominent in the out-
break of 1689 against Gov. Andros, and was one of the signers of the letter, dated
April 18, requiring the Governor to give up his authority and surrender the forts to the
people. He was one of the Council of Safety in 1689, "after which," says Mr. Savage,
"we hear no more of him."

Rev. Edward Bulkley, of Concord, Mass., delivered the Artillery election sermon
of 1679. He was the eldest son of Rev. Peter, the first minister of Concord, and was
born in England. He was baptized at Odell, England, June 17, 16 14, and came to this
country before his father. He became a member of the First Church, Boston, March
22, 1635, and was admitted a freeman June 6 following. He was ordained in 1643, and
was settled at Marshfield until 1658. In 1659, he succeeded his father at Concord,
preached the sermon before the Governor and Legislature in 1680, and died at
Chelmsford, Jan. 2, 1696, but was buried at Concord.

William Sumner (1679). Althorities: New Rev. Edward Bulkley. Authorities: Sav-

Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1847, 1851, 1854, 1855; age's Gen. Diet.; Sprague's Annals of American
Whitman's Hibt. A. and H. A. Company, Ed, 1842; Pulpit; Eliot's Biog. Diet,
Hist, of Dorchester, by Antiq, and Hist, Soc, pp.
424. 436, 437-

26o HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [i68o-i

, ^ The officers elected were : Thomas Savage (1637), captain ; Ephraim

I OOO" I . Savage (1674), lieutenant; Anthony Checkley (1662), ensign. Samuel
Sewall (1679) was first sergeant; John Hayward (1673), second ser-
geant; John Waite (1673), third sergeant; John Moore (1675), fourth sergeant;
Nathaniel Barnes (1676), clerk; John Marion, drummer, and Edward Smith, armorer.

Meanwhile Randolph had continued to cross and recross the ocean, taking to the
King statements showing the lack of loyalty to him in Massachusetts, the colonies of
Plymouth and Connecticut having expressed their willingness to be " reduced under his
Majesty's immediate government." Randolph, also informed the King that, even " at
Boston, the principal inhabitants, some whereof were the chief officers of the militia,
and the generality of the people, complained of the arbitrary government and oppression
of their magistrates, and did hope his Majesty would be pleased to free them from this
bondage, by establishing his own royal authority among them, and govern them
according to his Majesty's laws."

The new members recruited in 1680-1 were : Stephen Burton, Giles Dyer, Enoch
Greenleaf, Joseph Greenleaf, James Hawkins, Robert Mason, John Nelson, John Oliver,
John Pell, John Phillips, Abel Porter, William Towers.

Stephen Burton (1680), was of Boston, Sept. 3, 1678, when he was called by Nathaniel
Byfield (1679), '"'i^h Edward Bromfield (1679) and Joseph Davis (1675), to appraise
certain personal property. In 1680-1, he was constable of Boston, and in that year
joined with John Walley (1671), Nathaniel Byfield (1679), and Nathaniel Oliver, "men
of large estate and distinction, in purchasing the Mount Hope estate," the seat of King
Philip, of Plymouth Colony. He married, Sept. 4, 1684, Elizabeth, only daughter of
Gov. Josiah VVinslow, having moved the year previous to Swansea, and was prominent
in the settlement of Bristol. He was the first or earliest recorder for the county of
Bristol, commencing at the date of its incorporation, viz., June 2, 1685. He represented
the town of Bristol (then in Massachusetts, but now in Rhode Island) at the colonial
court in 1685, 1686, and 1690, and was a selectman of Bristol in 1689 and 1690.

Giles Dyer (1680), of Boston, first appears in the Boston town records Feb. 23,
1673, when the selectmen engaged him " to keepe the clocke for one yeare." He had
then had charge of the clock " 10 months past." He continued to have charge of this
clock on the First meeting-house until March 29, 1680, when he set up the clock on the
North meeting-house and had the care of both. In 1684, he was a member of Capt. John
Wing's (1671) military company and a tithing-man, and in 1708 was captain of the same
company. He was afterward colonel of the regiment, and from Oct. 3, 1 702, until his
decease, was sheriff of the county. He was prominent in town matters, being assessor
in 1703, and selectman from 1701 to 1704 inclusive. He was a member of King's
Chapel, and a warden in 1690, 1696 and 1697. During Dudley's (1677) administration
he was appointed. May 25, 1686, "receiver of duties on wines and liquors imported,"
and, Aug. 26, " deputy receiver of his Majesty's customs."

He died Aug. 12, 1713, his will of March 3, 1713, being proved on the 13th of
December following. Judge Sewall (1679) says in his diary, that Capt. Dyer (1680) died

Stephen Burton (1680). Authorities : Sav- Giles Dyer (1680). Authorities: Boston

age's Gen. Diet.; Boston Records; MS. of Gen. Records; Foote's Annals of King's Chapel, Vol. I.,
Ebenezer W. Peirce (1852). P- 89; Dyer Genealogy; Savage's Gen. Diet.

'68o-i] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 26 1

"after long Languishing about 6 m. Church-Bell rings just before the School Bell,
so both ring together. . . . Aug' 14. Am invited to be a Bearer to the Sheriff. I
enquired of Mr. Secretary whether there was a Sermon ; he told me yes, Mr. Harris
was to preach, and seem'd to make no doubt of [my] going to hear him ; I now begun
to be distress'd." Mr. Foote, in Annals of King's Chapel, adds, "Judge Sewall [1679]
accepted a pair of gloves for his sake, but refused to be a bearer, and though he followed
in the procession, would not go into the church."

Mr. Edwin L. Bynner, in the Memorial History of Boston, after referring to the
furnishings of King's Chapel and the costly presents that were made to it, says in regard
to Mr. Dyer (1680), " Fired by this royal munificence, the worthy warden of the chapel
has recorded with scrupulous care, but indifferent orthography, his own contribution :
'To my labor for making the Wather cock and Spindel, to Duing the Commandments
and allter rome and the Pulpet, to Duing the Church and Winders, mor to Duing the
Gallaray and the King's Amies, fortey pounds, which I freely give. G. Dver.' "

Enoch Greenleaf (1680), of Boston, son of Enoch, of Maiden and Boston, was
born about 1658, had two children born in Boston, and removed, or died, before 1700.
He was by trade a saddler. In 1681, he was a member of Capt. Hutchinson's (1670)
military company, and a tithing-man ; in 1693, was a constable of Boston, and May 11,
1697, the selectmen voted, that "Mr. Enock Greenleaf . . . should have his just
due." He was a brother of Joseph (1680).

Joseph Greenleaf (1680), of Boston, son of Enoch, of Maiden and Boston, was a
brother of Enoch (1680).

James Hawkins (1680), of Boston, son of James, was born in Boston, March 18,
1654. He first appears in the town records of Boston, May 26, 1681, when
" W™ Dawes, Ambrose Dawes [1674], James Hawkins [1680], were fined 20' for
causeinge y" Towne ground to be dig'd vp, without leaue, & makeinge the wall of
y" Cellar of y" Worp" Thomas Danfort Esq. Deputy Govern'' 9 inches throughout
frontinge toward y' Docke, vpon the towne lands, & still stands vpon the Towne
propertie." March 29, r686, he was again fined twenty shillings for "breakinge vp the
Towne ground to make Mr. Thomas Clarke [1685], a Cellar, thereby digging too farr
into the streete." He was a town officer in 1683, 1685, 1687, 1690, and 1691, and
resided in Boston until his decease, Jan. 6, 1709-10.

Robert Mason (1680), of Portsmouth, N. H., was a grandson of John Mason, the
patentee of New Hampshire, to which right he was an heir. Charles H., in 1677, con-
firmed his rights as proprietor of New Hampshire, and he was named, by the King, a
councillor of the province in 1680. He was a councillor in 1682, while he resided in
Portsmouth. He was named one of Sir Edmund Andros's council, but died in 1688.
He was the father of John Tufton and Robert Tufton Mason, prominent in the history
of Portsmouth.

Enoch Greenleaf (1680). Authorities: dyes very suddenly, about 56 years old." — Seiuall

New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1884, p. 300; Bos- Papers, Vol. II., p. 271.
ton Records. Robert Mason (1680). Authorities: Sav-

James Hawkins (1680). Authority: Boston age's Gen. Diet.; Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A.

Records. Company, Ed. 1S42.

" ['TOQ'lo] Sixth-day Jan 6>h James Hawkins

262 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1680-1

John Nelson (1680), of Boston, merchant, was a son of William, to whom Sir Thomas
Temple, his nephew, made lease of his patent rights in Nova Scotia. John (1680) and
Sir Thomas were, therefore, cousins. Mr. Nelson (1680) "was of a good family, nearly
related to Sir Thomas Temple, — an enemy to tyrannical government, but an Episcopalian
in principle ; of a gay, free temper, which prevented his being allowed any share in the
administration, after it was settled, although he was at the head of the party to whom
the fort and Sir Edmund surrendered." He was, however, selected as one of the
Council of Safety. In the new council, he was omitted. " Notwithstanding the slight
put upon him, yet such was the regard for his country that he ran very great risk of his
life in an attempt to give intelligence of the designs of the French. He went, not long
after the surrender, upon a trading voyage to Nova Scotia, where he was taken by a party
of French and Indians, and carried to Quebec."

Mr. Whitman (1810) adds: "It was here [Quebec] in confinement he contrived
to send a letter of information to the court at Boston, which Hutchinson gives at length
from their files, developing the hostile plans of the French in August, 1692. He had
received a commission from the provincial government of Massachusetts in 1691, to be
commander-in-chief in Acadia, when bound on this voyage ; but when he came near the
river St. John's he was taken prisoner. He was afterwards carried as a prisoner from
Quebec to Paris, France, where he was confined in the Bastile." A valuable letter from
Paris, written by him in 1698, when a prisoner, is given in 3 Mass. Hist. Coll., I.,
196. His relative, Sir Purbeck Temple, procured his liberation, and he returned to his
family after a separation of ten or eleven years.

In 1689, there was a popular uprising of the people to protect their liberties, and
dethrone Andros and his subaltern, Randolph. On the eventful day, April 18, the Gov-
ernor, and such of his friends as had not been put into Boston jail, retired to the Sconce,
or South Battery, intending, doubtless, to board the English frigate, " Rose," whose
captain, John George, was among the first seized by the enraged people. The Governor's
friends and redcoats gathered at the fort ; the Americans assembled at the town-house.
Preparations for a conflict were made by both sides, the " Rose " running out her shotted
guns. Failing to reach the frigate's boat, which had been sent to take the Governor off,
because the Americans seized it, with its " small arms, grenades, and a quantity of
match," the Governor and his party retired again to the fort. Nathaniel Byfield
(1679), 3-n eye-witness, says, "Whereupon Mr. John Nelson [1680], who was at the
head of the soldiers, did demand the fort and Governor, who was loath to submit to
them, but did at length come down," and he was escorted a prisoner to the house of
Col. John Usher (1673).

Capt. John Nelson (1680), of the Artillery Company, stands forth as the chief
military actor in the revolution of 1689. He was born in 1654, and died Nov. 15, 1734.
Dr. Timothy Cutler delivered a sermon upon his career, service, and character, saying
that "Capt. Nelson [1680] was neither troublesome, dangerous, or dishonorable, but
universally affable, courteous, and hospitable." He " closed a life of fourscore and one
years, fearing God, and calmly and quietly trusting in His mercy." He contributed five
pounds toward the building of King's Chapel, July, 1689, and was a warden of the Episco-
palian church, Boston, in 1705-7.

John Nelson (1680). AUTHORrriES: Foote's Reg., 1890, p. 130; Eliot's Biog. Diet.; Whitman's
Annals of King's Chapel, pp. 89, 90, 1 79-181, with Hist. A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1842; Acts and
portrait and fac-simile of his autograph; Dedham Resolves of Prov. of Mass. Bay, Vol. VII.

'68o-i] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 263

John Oliver (1680), of Boston, cooper, son of John Oliver (1638), was born in
Boston, April 15, 1644. He was admitted a freeman in 1681 ; became a member of
the Second Church in Boston, and lieutenant in the militia. He married Susannah,
daughter of John Sweet (1673). He died in 1683.

John Pell (1680). It is difficult to trace this recruit. John Pell, who came
to America in 1670 to receive an estate left him by his uncle, Thomas, at Fairfield,
Conn., may have taken up his residence in Boston. Judge Sewall says, "John Pell
[1680] was third sergeant in Capt John Hull's [1660] company in 1681."

John Phillips (1680), of Charlestown, a master-mariner, was born in 1631. He
married, (i) July ig, 1655, Catherine Anderson, who died Feb. 24, 1699, and (2) Sarah
Stedman, of Cambridge. He died March 20, 1725, aged ninety-three years and nine
months. He was admitted a freeman in 1673, and represented Charlestown in the
General Court from 1683 to 1686. He was one of the Committee of Safety, organized
when Andros surrendered in 1689; assistant in 1689; treasurer of the province in
1692-3; one of the council named in the new charter, but was chosen by the people,
before it came, as a councillor, and was re-elected yearly until 1715; was appointed
judge of the inferior Court of Common Pleas for Middlesex County, June 29, 1702, and
served on the bench until Dec. 9, 17 15. In 1695, he was a commissioner to treat with
the Indians; also, again in 1701, when he was associated with Penn Tovtfnsend (1674),
Nathaniel Byfield (1679), and John Nelson (1680), in making a treaty with the eastern
Indians. He was colonel of the First Middlesex Regiment from 1689 to 1715.

His daughter, Abigail, married Rev. Cotton Mather, May 4, 1686, and according
to Judge Sewall's (1679) diary, it was to the house of Capt. John Phillips (1680), in
Charlestown, that Rev. Increase Mather, father of Rev. Cotton, fled in March, i688,
being bitterly hostile to the royal Governor.

John Phillips (1680) was first sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1681, ensign
in 1682, lieutenant in 1684, and captain in 1685.

Mr. Whitman (1810) is in error when he states, in his History of the Ancient and
Honorable Artillery Company, Ed. 1842, p. 212, that the Company held no election in
June, 1686, and that Col. Phillips (1680) "did not assemble the Company after Andros
was deposed, or resume his command on its revival." Col. Phillips (1680) served his
year from June, 1685,10 June, 1686, when Capt. Benjamin Davis (1673) was elected
captain, and Rev. Nehemiah Hobart delivered the sermon. Col. Phillips (1680) had no
authority to assemble the Company after Andros was deposed, not could he resume
command at the revival of the Company.

Abel Porter (1680), of Boston, son of Abel, of Boston, was admitted to be a free-
man in 1672, when he was called "junior." He was a member of a new military
company in Boston in September, 1677, of Capt. Hudson's (1640) company in 1680,
of Capt. Samuel Sewall's (1679) i" 1685.

William Towers (1680), of Boston in 166S, was a butcher. He is first mentioned
in the Records of the Town of Boston, March 14, 1669-70, being authorized to enforce

John Oliver (1680). Authorities: New Hist. A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1S42; Savage's

Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1865, p. loi; Savage's Gen. Diet.; Mather's Magnalia, Vol. IL, p. 631.
Gen. Diet. William Towers (1680). Authority: Boston

John Phillips (1680). Authorities: Hurd's Records.
Hist, of Middlesex Co., Vol. I., p. 29; Whitman's

264 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1681-2

the law in regard to wandering swine. He held minor town offices for four years, and
in April, 1681, he was approved by the selectmen to keep a house of public entertain-
ment. His license was annually renewed until 1692.

Rev. William Adams, of Dedham, delivered the Artillery election sermon of 1680.
He was born May 27, 1650, probably at Ipswich. He received a liberal education,
graduated at Harvard College in 1671, studied theology, and was ordained pastor of the
church at Dedham, Dec. 3, 167.3. He received but sixty pounds annually as his salary,
and one year he relinquished eight pounds of- that moderate stipend, on account of
expenses incurred by the town during King Philip's War.

He married, (i) Oct. 21, 1674, Mary Manning, of Cambridge, who died June 24,
1679, and, (2) March 27, 1680, Alice, daughter of Major William Bradford, of Plymouth.
He died at Dedham, Aug. 17, 1685.

,^ The officers elected were: Penn Townsend (1674), captain; Ben-

Tr)(AT"2 jamin Davis (1673), lieutenant; Thomas Savage (1665), ensign. John
Phillips (1680) was first sergeant; Benjamin Alford (1671), second
sergeant; Jonathan Bridgham (1673), third sergeant; Bozoun Allen (1676), fourth
sergeant; Nathaniel Barnes (1676), clerk ; John Marion, drummer, and Edward Smith,
armorer.

The King, stimulated by the misrepresentations of Randolph, sent a peremptory
demand to the colony to send over its agents fully empowered to act, and to answer for
the irregularity of its proceedings, under the penalty of the forfeiture of its charter.
Accordingly Col. Joseph Dudley (1677) and Major John Richards (1644) proceeded
to London to answer the royal demand. They had a passage of twelve weeks, and on
their arrival learned that the King and his counsellors had matured their plans for
depriving Massachusetts of her charter.

The new members recruited in 1681-2 were: Thomas Barnard, Thomas Beavis,
Samuel Breighton, Thomas Brinley, John Brookhaven, John Cutler, Jonathan Farnam,
John Long, Joseph Lynde, Thaddeus Maccarty, Solomon Phips, John Pordage, Nathaniel
Reynolds, Richard Sprague, and Samuel Worden.

Thomas Barnard (1681), of Boston in 1678, a carpenter, son of Matthew (1660),
a carpenter, was born .April 4, 1657. He first appears as a member of the first fire-
engine company organized in Boston, on the 27th of January, 1678; held town office
by election or appointment from 1683 to 1685 inclusive, from 1689 to 1692 inclusive,
and in 1698 and 1699. He was a member of Major Clarke's (1644) military company
in 1681, and a tithing-man ; and in 1708, and again in 1713, was appointed to inspect
the town in regard to ladders, for use in case of fire. He was first sergeant of the
Artillery Company in 1692.

Rev. William Adams. Authorities: Sav- Thomas Barnard (1681). Authorities:

age's Gen. Diet.; Sprague's Annals of .\merican Boston Records; Copp's Hill Burial-Ground, by
Pulpit; Lamson's Historical Discourses. Bridgman, p. ^3.

J 681-2] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 265

He died March 14, 17 15-6, and was buried in the Copp's Hill Burial-Ground. On
his gravestone he is called "Capt." ^

Thomas Beavis (1681), of Boston in 1679, "a tobacconist," was that year a town
officer, and in 1680 was a member of Capt. Richards's (1644) company and a tithing-
man. In 1681, he was a clerk of the market, and a constable in 1683. Administration
was granted on his estate in 1683.

Samuel Breighton (1681), of Boston, a cooper, was a member of a military com-
pany in Boston, and a tithing-man in 1 690-1. He had four children born in Boston
from 1684 to 1692. The last was born Sept. 30, 1692, and his estate was administered
upon Oct. 21 next following.

Thomas Brinley (1681), of Boston, was the second son of Francis Brinley, and
was born in Newport, R. I. He removed to Boston in 168 r, and was one of the
founders of King's Chapel in 1686. He went to England, married Mary Apthorp, and
died at London in 1693. The widow, with three children, came to America to reside
with their grandfather, and after his death she resided with her son, Francis, in Roxbury.

John Brookhaven (1681) was of Rhode Island in 1669, and in 167 1 was there
called " Captain."

John Cutler (1681), of Charlestown, a blacksmith, son of Robert, was probably
born in England about 1628. He married (i) Anna Woodmansey, of Charlestown.
She died Aug. 20, 1683, and he married, (2) Oct. 29, 1684, Mehitabel Hilton, daughter
of Increase Nowell. She died Sept. 29, 17 11, surviving her husband, who died "Sept.
12, 1694, aged 66 years," according to his gravestone.

He was a deacon of the Charlestown church in 1673, ensign of the Charlestown
company the same year, and a representative for that town in 1680 and 1682. He was
identified with the military, and served as captain in an expedition during King Philip's
War. In 1689, he was deprived of his military command for supporting Capt. Laurence
Hammond (1666) in opposing the acts of the convention of May 22, 1689. Capt.
Cutler (1681) was a sympathizer with Andros, signed the petition to the King against
the succeeding government, and was fined and imprisoned. He petitioned the Governor
and council, Dec. 12, 1689, to be released from confinement, promising to be a good
subject of their Majesties and of their government here. He was third sergeant of the
Artillery Company in 1684.

Capt. Cutler was grandfather of Rev. Timothy Cutler, D. D., president of Yale
College, and father of Major John Cutler, of Charlestown.

Jonathan Farnam (1681), of Boston, son of John, of Dorchester, was born at
Dorchester, Jan. 16, 1639, and was a nephew of Henry (1644). He was a captain
of a Boston company.

Thomas Brinley (1681). Authorities: 'It appears among the valuable notes in Vol.
Foote's Annals of King's Chapel, Vol. I., p. 89; VII. of the Province Laws, p. 569, that Capt. Bar-
King's Chapel Burial-Ground, by Bridgman, p. 219. nard (1681) was commander of a company in the

John Cutler (1681). Authorities : Savage's expedition which captured Port Royal, May 21,

Gen. Diet.; Cutler Genealogy; Foote's Annals of 1690; and, on p. 570, is given the account of Mr.

King's Chapel, pp. 117, 118; Mem. Hist, of Boston, Wing, tavern-keeper, for billeting Capt. Barnard's

Vol. II. (1681) men during May, June, and July, 1690.

266 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1681-2

John Long (1681), of Charlestown, innkeeper, son of Robert Long (1639), came
to America with his parents in 1635. The father, who had been an innkeeper in
England, established an inn at Charlestown in 1636. At his death, in 1664, John
(1681) became the landlord, and was at the head of the great "ordinary" until his death,
after which his widow had charge of it until 17 11, when she gave it to their son, Samuel,
who sold it the next year. The tavern house was that "great house," built in 1629 for
the Governor and company, which for more than eighty years was called the Long
Tavern.

John Long (1681) married (i) Abigail, daughter of Francis Norton (1643), who
died April 21, 1674, and, (2) Sept. 16, 1674, Mary, daughter of Increase Nowell. He
died July 20, 1683.

Joseph Lynde (i68i),of Charlestown, son of Thomas, of Charlestown, was born
June 3, 1636, and became a freeman in 1671. He married, (i) March 24, 1665, Sarah,
daughter of Nicholas Davison (1648), who died Dec. 13, 1678, and (3) Mary, widow of
Adam Winthrop (1692). He represented Charlestown in the House of Deputies in 1674,
1679, and 1680; was one of the Council of Safety in 1689; "made a councillor by the
King in the charter of 1691, but left out at the first election by the people," says Mr.
Savage. He was active in military matters, and was promoted to the grade of lieutenant-
colonel. He was first sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1682, and its lieutenant in
1692. He died at Charlestown, Jan. 29, 1726-7.

" In August, 169s, Lieut.-Col. Joseph Lynde, one of our most distinguished citizens,
was commissioned to pursue the Indians who had attacked Billerica in the early part of
the month, and who had killed or captured fifteen persons. But the pursuit was fruitless,
the Indians eluding the search for them." '

Thaddeus Maccarty (1681), of Boston, shopkeeper, held a town office in Boston
in 1674. He was one of the founders of King's Chapel; present at the first meeting,
June 15, 1686; was warden in 1695, and died June 18, 1705, aged sixty-five years. He
was buried in the Granary Burial-Ground.

Solomon Phips (1681), of Charlestown, son of Solomon, married, (i) Nov. 13,
1667, Hannah Pickard, who died Feb. i, 1668, and (2) Mary, daughter of Deputy-
Gov. Thomas Danforth. They joined the church there, April 3, 1670, and he was
admitted to be a freeman May 11, 1670. He was captain of the Charlestown company.

Letters of administration were granted his widow, July 10, 1693.

John Pordage (1681) probably should be George Pordage. Mr. Savage mentions
only "George Portage." He married Elizabeth Lynde, daughter of Simon (1658). In
the Annals of King's Chapel the name is given as George Pordage. He was a merchant,

John Long (1681). Authorities : New Eng. west, and very dry." — Se-wall Papt'is, Vol. II., p.

Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1847, p. 138; Savage's Gen. 255.
Diet.; Frothingham's Hist, of Charlestown. Thaddeus Maccarty (1681). AUTHORITIES:

Joseph Lynde (1681). Authorities: Sav- Foote's .\nnals of King's Chapel; Savage's Gen.

age's Gen. Diet.; Hurd's Hist, of Middlesex Co., Diet.
Vol. I., p. 29; Frothingham's Hist, of Charlestown. Solomon Phips (1681). Authorities: Wy-

" May 7, 1709. .\bout 6. or 7. F. M. Col. Lynde man's Charlestown Genealogies and Estates; Sav-

of Charlestown had his Malt-House and Dwelling age's Lien. Diet.
house burnt down, wind blowing hard at South ' Mem. Hist, of Boston, Vol. H., p. 327.

•681-2] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 267

and gave five pounds toward the erection of King's Chapel in 1689. He very soon after
removed from the province. His daughter, Hannah, married, Sept. 16, 1714, James
Bowdoin, and was the mother of James (Harv. Coll., 1745), the president of the con-
vention of 1 780, first president of the American Antiquarian Society, and second Governor
of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

Nathaniel Reynolds (1681), of Boston, is not mentioned in the town records from
1676 to 1680, though he is, several times, before 1676 and after 1680. Mr. Savage says
"he lived in Bristol some years." His son, Nathaniel, born in 1662, would have been
but nineteen years old in 1681. Probably Lieut. Nathaniel, who joined the Artillery
Company in 1658, rejoined in 1681.

Richard Sprague (1681), of Charlestown, son of Ralph Sprague (1638), and
nephew of Richard (1638), all of Charlestown, was born in England. In 1674, during
the Dutch war, he commanded an armed vessel of twelve guns, and cruised in
Long Island Sound for the protection of the coastwise trade. March 16, 1680-1, the
Charlestown train-band was divided into two companies, Capt. Laurence Hammond
(1666) commanding one, and Capt. Richard Sprague (1681) the other. He was a
representative in 1681, and for some years after. In 1689, with Laurence Hammond
(1666) and John Cutler (1681), he was deprived of his command for opposing the acts
of the convention of May 22, 1689, which voted to restore the old charter, and reinstate
the civil and military officers deposed in 1686 by Andros. On the day of the revolu-
tion, April 18, 1689, when the conflict with Andros was being carried on, Capt. Richard
Sprague (1681) led his company of Charlestown men to Boston.

He died Oct. 7, 1703, having made by will generous bequests to the church, etc.,
and also four hundred pounds to Harvard College.

He was first sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1683.

Mr. Whitman (i8io) follows Mr. Budington's History, p. 192, and calls him "son of
Richard," which is an error.

Samuel Worden (1681), of Boston, married a daughter of Gov. Thomas Hinckley,
and had Samuel born in Barnstable in 1684. He removed to that town, and died not
long after, for his widow married, in 1698, William, son of William Avery (1654), of
Dedham.

Rev. John Richardson, of Newbury, delivered the Artillery sermon of 1681.' He
was born at Boston in December, 1647, graduated at Harvard College in 1666, and Oct.
20, 1675, was ordained as a colleague of Rev. Thomas Parker, of Newbury. His salary
was " one hundred pounds, one-half in merchantable barley, and the rest in merchant-
Richard Sprague (1681). Authorities: Rev. John Richardson. Authorities: Sav-
Budington's Hist, of First Church, Charlestown; Gen. Diet.; Coffin's Hist, of Newbury; Sibley's
Savage's Gen. Diet. Graduates of Harv. Coll.

"8r. 13, 1703. Capt Rich'd Sprague ... is '"16S1. June 6, I went to Art'llery Election,

buried in Mr. Morton's Tomb. I was there. Most Mr. Richardson preached. — the ministers dined at
of the Scholars, Joseph for one : My Gloves were Wings with the Artillery & I among them." —
too little, I gave them him. Gov. there." — Se-uall Journal of Rev. Peter Thacher.
Papers, Vol. II., p. 89.

268 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [16S2-3

able pork, wheat, butter or Indian corn." He died in Newbury, April 27, 1696. His
monument bears the following inscription : —

" Resurrection to immortality — is here expected from what was mortal of the Reverend Mr. John
Richardson (once Fellow of Harvard College, afterwards Teacher to the Church in Newbury), putt off
Apr. 27, 1696, in the fiftieth year of his age.

" When Preachers dy, the Rules the pulpit gave.
To live well, are still preached from the grave.
The Faith & Life, which your dead Pastor taught,
In one grave with him, Syrs, bury not."

" Abi viator.
A mortuo disce vivere moriturus
E Terris disce cogitare de Crelis."

^ p. The officers elected were: Theophilus Frary (1666), captain; John

JQq2"'2. Wing (1671), lieutenant ; John PhiUips (1680), ensign. Joseph Lynde

»-^ (1681) was first sergeant; Samuel Ravenscroft (1679), second sergeant;

Joseph Bridgham (1674), third sergeant; Nathaniel Byfield (1679), fourth sergeant;

Nathaniel Barnes (1676), clerk: John Marion, drummer, and Edward Smith, armorer.

The relations between King Charles and the Colony of Massachusetts became more
and more unfriendly. Stimulated by Randolph, he preferred claims and made encroach-
ments which they resisted. The causes of irritation, both on the part of the King and
of the colonists, gradually increased, until a writ of quo warranto was issued, summoning
the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay to the bar of the Court of King's
Bench, in London. The agents of the colony, unwilling to undertake the management
of a question upon which the political existence, liberty, and property of their con-
stituents depended, returned home. Instructions were sent over to Mr. Robert
Humphreys, a London barrister of the Inner Temple, to appear for the colony at the
approaching term of the Court of King's Bench, " to save a default and gain what time
he might, . . . that a better day might shine."

The new members recruited in 1682-3 were: Thomas Baker, John Ballentine,
Jonathan Call, Thomas Cole, Henry Deering, John Eyre, Edward Hunlock, John Jacobs,
Ebenezer Pierpont, Benjamin Savage, Ebenezer Savage, Edward Smith, Giles Sylvester,
Daniel Taylor, Michael Williams.

Thomas Baker (1682), of Boston, son of John (1644), was born Feb. 12, 1654.
He was, like his father, a blacksmith. He held minor town ofifices, and was a member
of Capt. John Richards's (1644) company, and a tithing-man in 1680. The last time
his name is mentioned in the Boston town records is May 5, 1685. He was second
sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1696. He died Jan. 3, 1697.

John Ballentine (1682), of Boston, son of William, was born Sept. 29, 1653. He
was a member of Major Savage's (1637) military company, and a tithing-man in 1680;
of Capt. Henchman's (1675) in 1681 ; a constable of Boston in 1683 ; was captain of a

Thomas Baker (1682). Authorities: New "Sabbath, Dec. 19, 1 686." Thomas Baker was

Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1861, p. 124 (father's the first person who informed Judge Sewall of the
will); Boston Records. arrival, that morning, of Sir Edmund Andros.

1682-3] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 269

company in 1705, afterward major; became lieutenant-colonel in 17 10, and colonel in
1 712. ^e represented Boston in the House of Deputies in 1726. He was ensign of
the Artillery Company in 1694, lieutenant in 1697, and captain in 1703 and 17 10. He
was active in promoting the revival of the Company, and from his so frequently being
a bondsman, must have continued a member until his death, which occurred April 27,
1734. His son, Capt. John, joined the Artillery Company in 1694. His mansion was
near Mill Bridge, which, for years, at Ann Street, from its dangerous weakness, was a
source of complaint by the selectmen. Col. Ballentine (1682), with others, was
obliged to maintain it. His name was perpetuated in " Ballentine's Corner," Hanover
Street, corner of Marshall's Lane. The latter extended from Capt. Ballentine's (1682)
corner, Hanover Street, near the Mill Bridge, to the corner of Capt. Fitch's (1700) tene-
ment, corner of Union Street.'

Jonathan Call (1682), spelled Cawle on the roll, of Charlestown, son of John, of
Charlestown, was born Jan. 20, 1658. He married Martha Lowdon, and with her he
joined the Charlestown church, March 6, 1687. He was representative from Charles-
town in 1689. He was a lieutenant of the Charlestown company, and died May 4,
1713-

Thomas Cole (1682).

Henry Deering (1682), of Boston in 1663, a shopkeeper, was born Aug. 16, 1639.
He married, (i) June 8, 1664, Ann, widow of Ralph Benning, and (2) Elizabeth, widow of
Theodore Atkinson and daughter of Edward Mitchelson (1638). In 1678, he was fined
ten pounds for refusing to serve as constable, and was a member of Capt. Davis's (1643)
military company in 1680, and of Capt. Hutchinson's (1670) in 1684. He was clerk of
the market in 1685, and held other town offices, besides being moderator of the town
meetings several times, and also auditor of the town treasurer's accounts. In 1703, the
selectmen appointed him " Master of the Engine Company." He was clerk of the
Artillery Company in 1683, 1684, and 1691 ; first sergeant in 1685 ; ensign in 1693, and
lieutenant in 1696. He was also ensign, lieutenant, and captain, successively, in a
Boston company. He died in 1717.

Mr. Hutchinson, in speaking of the great mortality among old people in that year,
says, " He was buried with his wife in one grave." -

John Eyre (1682), of Boston, merchant, son of Simon, of Watertown, was born
Feb. 19, 1654, and married. May 20, 1680, Catherine, daughter of Thomas Brattle
(1675). He was one of the nine persons, all members of the Artillery Company, who,

John Ballentine (1682). Authorities: New "[1700, Monday] June 17. Mr. John Eyre
Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1852, p. 371 ; Boston makes his Will in the morning and dies in the After-
Records; Drake's Hist, of Boston; Savage's Gen. noon, an hour or 2 before Sunset. Born Febr 19,
Diet. 1653/4. I visited him on Satterday in the After-
Jonathan Call (16S2). Authority: Charles- noon: He was sitting up in his little Room, Took
town Records. me by the hand at tirst coming in, Desired me to

Henry Deering (1682). Authorities: Sav- pray for him w hen took leave. . . .
age's Gen. Diet.; Boston Records. "Fourth-day, June 19, 1700. Mr Jno Eyre is

John Eyre (1682). Authorities: Boston entomed in the new burying place." — i'e-itw//

Records; Descendants of Thomas Brattle, by Harris, Papers, Vol. Jl., pp. 15, 16.
p. 25; New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1855, p. 39 ' Drake's Hist, of Boston, p. 813.

(.his father's will) ; 1861, p. 13. ^ Hutchinson, L, 223.

270 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1682-3

with Bradstreet, Stoughton, and four others, — fifteen in all, — signed the first summons
sent to Andros to surrender, when he retired with his council and friends to the fort on
Fort Hill for safety. John Eyre (1682) and Nathaniel Oliver, father of Nathaniel
(1701), were the bearers of that summons, to which Andros declined to yield ; but he
did surrender later, at the personal demand of Capt. John Nelson (1680). He was one
of the Committee of Safety in 1689; a representative for Boston in 1693, 1596, 1698,
and 1699 ; a selectman in 1694 and 1695, and held many positions of trust and useful-
ness in the town. He lived in Prison Lane, formerly called Queen, now Court Street.

He died June 17, 1700, and his widow married, in 1707, Waitstill Winthrop
(1692).

Edward Hunlock (1682), of Boston, came over from Derbyshire about 1680. He,
by wife Margaret, had three children born in Boston, the last being born Feb. 15, 1686.
He soon removed to Burlington, in the province of New Jersey, whence he wrote, July
12, 1695, to his kinsman, John, of Boston. In December, 1699, he was appointed by
Gov. Hamilton one of the three provincial judges, and in the first year of her reign
Queen Anne, by commission dated Nov. 16, 1702, to her cousin, Lord Cornbury,
Governor of New Jersey, named Edward Hunlock (1682) the first of his thirteen
councillors.

John Jacobs (1682), of Hingham, born in England about 1630, was a son of
Nicholas, of Hingham. He married, (i) Oct. 20, 1653, Margery Fames, who died
April 7, 1659, and, (2) Oct. 3, 1661, Mary Russell. He resided in South Hingham,
near the meeting-house of the Second Parish. He was a selectman in 1662, 1665, 1683,
1686, and 1689, and an active business man.

Capt. John's (1682) son, John, Jr., was a member of Capt. Johnson's company in
the Narraganset campaign of December, 1675, ^^i^ ^^^s killed by the Indians, xApril 19,
1676, near his father's house. Capt. Jacobs (1682) was engaged in King Philip's War,
and for some time had command of a company.

He died Sept. 18, 1693, aged, as his gravestone in the High Street Cemetery, in
Hingham, says, " about 63 years."

Ebenezer Pierpont (1682), of Roxbury, son of John, of Roxbury, was born Dec.
21, 1661. He married, Oct. 20, 1692, Mary Ruggles, and died Dec. 11, 1696.

Benjamin Savage (1682), of Boston, baptized Oct. 12, 1662, was the fifteenth
child, and eleventh son, of Major Thomas Savage (1637). He is not mentioned in the
Boston town records.

Ebenezer Savage (1682), of Boston, born May 22, 1660, was the thirteenth child,
and ninth son, of Major Thomas Savage (1637). He was an upholsterer.

Edward Smith (1682), of Boston, was the armorer of the Military Company of the
Massachusetts from 1677 to 1685 inclusive.

Edward Hunlock (1682). Authority: Sav- Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1S88, p. loi; Lincoln's
age's Gen. Diet. Hist, of Hingham.

John Jacobs (1682). Authorities; New

1683-4] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 2/1

Giles Sylvester (1682), of Boston, perhaps son of Nathaniel, of Shelter Island,
married Hannah, eldest daughter of Major Thomas Savage (1637), and widow of Benja-
min Gillam, in 1685. At that time, he is supposed to have moved to Shelter Island,
where was the manorial estate of his father, who died in 1680.

Daniel Taylor (1682). A Daniel Taylor was in "Saybrook in 1689."

Michael Williams (1682).

Rev. Samuel Whiting, Jr., of Billerica, delivered the Artillery election sermon of
1682.1 fje was a son of Rev. Samuel Whiting, of Lynn, who delivered the Artillery
election sermon in 1660, and was born in England, March 25, 1633. He graduated at
Harvard College in 1653; became a freeman in 1656. He was the first minister of
Billerica, settling there in 1658, and was ordained Nov. ir, 1663, after preaching there
five years. He died Feb. 28, 1713.

, p. The officers elected were : Ephraim Savage (1674), captain ; Anthony

I OO ^"Zl. ^'^^'-''^^y (1662), lieutenant; Samuel Sewall (1679), ensign. Richard
•-^ ^ Sprague (1681) was first sergeant; Francis Foxcroft (1679), second
sergeant; William Colman (1676), third sergeant; John Barnard (1677), fourth ser-
geant; Henry Deering (1682), clerk; John Marion, drummer, and Edward Smith
(1682), armorer.

The relations between the colony and the King did not improve. The General
Court urged Mr. Humphreys, their legal representative, to "use his endeavor to spin
out the case to his utmost," and they sent an additional address to the King, in which
they prayed that he would not impute it to " the perverseness of their minds," that they
could not make the submission which he demanded.

Meanwhile, there were several indications of a desire to conciliate royalty. The
cross in the King's colors had been made a pretext for not using them, but now, by
order of the major-general, the captains of companies were required, "with all con-
venient speed," to provide a suite of colors for their respective commands, "ye ground
field or flight whereof is to be green, with a red cross with a white field in ye angle,
according to the ancient custom of our English nation, and the English plantation in
America, and our own practice in our ships and other vessels." The scruple against
the use of the King's colors, however, still continued in many minds.

Judge Samuel Sewall (1679) was, in 1685, captain of the south company of militia
in Boston. In his diary, under date of Aug. 20, 1686, he wrote : "Read tenth Jeremiah ;
was in great exercise about the cross to be put into the colors and afraid, if I should
have a hand in it, whether it may not hinder my entrance into the holy land." On the
nth of November, he resigned his commission, "on account of an order to put the
cross in the colors."

It does not appear that any new members were recruited in 1683.

Rev. Samuel Whiting, Jr. Authorities: '" 1682 June 5. I went to Artillery election.

Savage's Gen. Diet.; Sprague's Annals of American Mr. Whiting of Billerica preached, I dined with
Pulpit; Eliot's Biog. Diet. t.hema.t'Vi'mgs:' — Journal of Fev. Peter Thaeher.

2/2 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1684-5

Rev. John Hale, of Beverly, delivered the Artillery election sermon of 1683. He
was the eldest child of Deacon Robert Hale, of Charlestown, and was born June 3, 1636.
He graduated at Harvard College in 1657, and married, (i) Dec. 15, 1664, Mrs.
Rebecca Byles, of Salisbury, who died April 13, 1683. He married, (2) March 31, 1684,
Sarah Noyes, who died May 20, 1695, and on Aug 8, 1698, he took Elizabeth (Somerby)
Clark for his third wife. In 1664, he went to Beverly as a religious teacher, and, Sept.
20, 1667, a church was organized there. Mr. Hale became its first pastor. In 1690,
by order of the General Court, he accompanied the expedition against Canada, and
served as chaplain from June 4 to Nov. 20. He had a peaceful and successful ministry
of thirty-seven years, and died May 15, 1700.

Rev. John Hale was a great-grandfather of Nathan Hale, of Connecticut, one of
the martyrs of the Revolution.

^ The officers elected were: Elisha Hutchinson (1670), captain;

T Qq^- ^^ John Phillips (1680), lieutenant; Nathaniel Williams (1667), ensign.
' ^ Nathaniel Barnes (1676) was first sergeant; William Gibson (1675),
second sergeant; John Cutler (1681), third sergeant; Jabez Salter (1674), fourth ser-
geant; Henry Deering (1682), clerk ; John Marion, drummer; Edward Smith (1682),
armorer.

Capt. Hutchinson (1670), who had held the office of captain of the Company, was
probably again chosen in these troublous times on account of his personal popularity,
o-ood judgment, and special fitness. John Phillips (1680) also enjoyed universal esteem.
While these two officers were not unfavorably disposed towards the King, the ensign,
Nathaniel Williams (1667), was more decidedly on the side of the colony.

On the 2ist of June, a decree was rendered in Westminster Hall, which abrogated
the charter granted by James I. to the Governor and Company of Massachusetts Bay.
Massachusetts, under the common law of England, again belonged to the King, by
virtue of the discovery of the Cabots.

A lieutenant and governor-general was appointed, but before he could be installed
Charles II. had surrendered his sceptre, as a "Merry Monarch," into the grasp of the
" King of Terrors." The Roman Catholic Duke of York ascended the throne of England,
with the title of James II., and the Prince of Orange awaited the turn of fortune's wheel.

On the day of the accession of King James II. to the throne, he issued a proclama-
tion, directing that all persons in authority in his kingdoms and colonies should continue
to exercise their functions till further order should be taken. A printed copy of the
proclamation was transmitted to Boston by Blathwayt, together with an order to
proclaim the new King.

The General Court was convened by the Governor to receive and register the edict.
The court was prepared to reply that the royal pleasure had been anticipated. A
fortnight before its meeting, on the reception of a less formal information to the same
effect, " the Governor and Council had ordered his Majesty, with all due solemnity, to
be proclaimed in the High street in Boston ; which was done April 20. The Honorable
Governor, Deputy-Governor, and Assistants, on horseback, with thousands of people, a
troop of horse, eight foot companies, drums beating, trumpets sounding, his Majesty

Rev. John Hale. Authorities; Sprague's .Annals of American rulpil; Savage's Gen. Diet.

1684-5] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 273

was proclaimed by Edward Rawson, Secretary, on horseback, and John Green, Marshal-
General, taking it from him, to the great joy and loud acclamation of the people, and
a seventy piece of ordnance next after the volleys of horse and foot."

The new members recruited in 1684-5 v/ere : Roger Kilcup, Thomas Oakes, and
William Robie.

Roger Kilcup (1684), of Boston, a master-mariner, though in his will he calls
himself "merchant," was probably a son of William, of Boston. Roger (1684) was
admitted a freeman in 1690; married, July 4, 1695, Abigail Dudson, and died, according
to his gravestone in the Granary Burial-Ground, "October i, 1702, aged 52 years."
He was a constable of Boston in 1689-90, and third sergeant of the Artillery Company
in 1693. His widow married, Oct. 11, 1704, Ezekiel Lewis (1707).

Thomas Oakes (1684), of Boston, born June 18, 1644, was a son of Edward Oakes,
and a brother of Rev. Urian Oakes, of Cambridge, who was president of Harvard
College in 1675, and who delivered the Artillery election sermon in 1672. Thomas
(1684) graduated at Harvard College in 1662, and pursued the profession of a physician.
He was early interested in the militia, and became a lieutenant. He was representative
for Boston in 1689, being elected speaker the same year, and the next was an assistant.
He went to England with Elisha Cooke, Sr., to obtain the restitution of the old charter.
The attempt to revive it was fruitless, but finally he joined in the petition for the new
one. On the issuing of the new charter, William and Mary, " under dictation of Increase
Mather," left out Thomas Oakes (1684). In 1705, being again chosen speaker, the
Governor negatived the choice ; but he continued, notwithstanding, to hold that office.
He was also, the same year, chosen a member of the council, but Gov. Dudley (1677)
negatived that also. Mr. Oakes (1684) seems to have been a leader of the opposition.
He was elected to the House from 1704 to 1707, and speaker again in 1706. The
selection was negatived by Gov. Dudley (1677), who ordered the House to proceed to
a new election, which it refused to do. As often as he was elected into the council.
Gov. Dudley (1677) negatived the choice. He removed to Cape Cod, probably to be
with his son, Rev. Josiah, and died at Wellfleet, July 15, 17 19.

Mr. Dunton, the London bookseller, in his book of Travels thus speaks of Dr.
Thomas Oakes (1684) : "I was so happy as to find particular friends in Boston, whose
characters I shatl next give you, and I'll begin with Dr. Oakes [1684]. He is an
eminent physician, and a religious man ; at his first coming to a patient he persuades
him to put his trust in God, the fountain of health ; the want of this hath caused the
bad success of physicians ; for they that won't acknowledge God in all their applications,
God won't acknowledge them in that success which they might otherwise expect. He
was a great dissenter whilst he lived in London, and even in New England retains the
piety of the first planters."

We are told in Memorable Providences, p. 3, edition of 1691, in speaking of
matters connected with witchcraft: "Skilful physicians were consulted for their help,

Roger Kilcup (1684). Authorities : Foote's "Septr 6, 1703. Artil. Training, I train'd in

Annals of King's Chapel, Vol. I., p. 89; Savage's the Forenoon. . . . Tho. Oakes had a Tin Granado

Gen. Diet.; Boston Records. shell broke in his Hand, which has shattered his

Thomas Oakes (16S4). Authorities: Whit- hand miserably, his two last fingers are already cut

man's Hist. A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1842; Mass. off: This was in the Afternoon, as came from

Hist. Coll., Vol. n.; Snow's Hist, of Boston, p. Council, was told of it." — .SV-kw// /'«/«•«, Vol. IL,

178. /. SS.

274 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1685-6

and particularly our worthy and prudent friend, Dr. Thomas Oakes [1684], who found
himself so affronted by the distempers of the children that he concluded nothing but
hellish witchcraft could be the original of these maladies."

William Robie (1684), of Boston, wharfinger ("Roby" on the roll), was born in
Yorkshire, England, April 26, 1648, and married at Boston, in 1686, Elizabeth, daughter
of William Greenough (1675), whose wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Nicholas Upshall
(1637). William Robie (1684) was a constable of Boston in 1684, and held town
office continuously until 1693; also in 1696-7. He died Jan. 23, 17 18, having served
the Artillery Company as clerk in 1685, and 1691 to 1696 inclusive, and as first
sergeant in 1693.

Rev. Samuel Cheever, of Marblehead, delivered the Artillery election sermon of
1684. He was a son of Ezekiel Cheever, the famous Boston school-master, and was
born in New Haven, Conn., Sept. 22, 1639; graduated at Harvard College in 1659;
became a freeman in 1669, and was the first settled minister in Marblehead. He was
ordained in 1684, having previously preached seven years in that town. He married,
June 28, 1671, Ruth Angler, of Cambridge, and died in Marblehead, May 29, 1724.

, p. ^ The officers elected were: John Phillips (1680), captain; James

JQQC-Q^Hill (1677), lieutenant; Benjamin Alford (1671), ensign. Henry
«-^ Deering (1682) was first sergeant; Edward Creeke (1674), second

sergeant; Seth Perry (1662), third sergeant; Samuel Checkley (1678), fourth sergeant;
William Robie (1684), clerk; John Marion, drummer, and Edward Smith (1682),
armorer.

The frigate "Rose" arrived at Boston, May 15, 1686, having as passengers Mr.
Randolph, " the evil genius of New England," and Rev. Robert Ratcliffe, a minister of
the Church of England. Soon afterwards, a request was made to the council that Mr.
Ratcliffe might have the use of one of the Congregational meeting-houses of the town ;
which, being denied, "I got," says Randolph, "a little room in their town-house for
such as were of the Church of England to assemble in." In the town-house of Boston,
erected through the liberality of Capt. Robert Keayne (1637), the first Episcopal
church in New England was organized on the 15th of June, 1686.

The new members recruited in 1685-6 were: Thomas Bulkley, Thomas Clarke,
Nathaniel Crynes, Thomas Hunt, Thomas Mallard, Samuel Marshall, Samuel Wakefield.

Thomas Bulkley (1685), of Boston. There was a Thomas Buckley located in
Boston at this time, who, by his wife, Esther, had two children : Elinor, born Sept. 16,
1685, and Thomas, born Nov. i, 1686.

Thomas Clarke (1685), of Boston, pewterer, is mentioned in the Boston town
records, May 25, 1685. He was permitted to dig up the town ground near I^ieut.
Ephraim Sale's (1674) house.

Major Thomas (1638), according to Mr. Savage, had a son, Thomas (1644), who
left two daughters only.

William Robie (1684). Authorities: Bos- age's Gen. Diet.; Sprague's Annals of American
ton Records; .Savage's C.en. Diet. Pulpit; New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Reg., 1879, p.

Rev. Samuel Cheever. Authorities: Sav- 193.

«68s-6] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 275

Nathaniel Crynes (1685).

Thomas Hunt (1685), of Boston, anchor-smith, son of Ephraim, of Weymouth,
had children born in Boston, by wife, (i) Judith Torrey, from 1674 to 1688. He
married, (2) June 21, 1694, Susanna Saxton, and, (3) Nov. 17, 1709, Rachel Parker.

He was a member of Capt. Ephraim Savage's (1674) military company in 1685 and
1690, also a tithing-man; was selectman from 1696 to 1699, but declined to serve in
1699; in 1696 was lieutenant of a Boston company, and in 1699 was its captain. He
was fourth sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1691 ; ensign in 1695; lieutenant in
1698, and first sergeant in 1706.

He died Feb. 11, 1721-2, aged seventy-three years and seven months. His grave-
stone is on Copp's Hill. Mrs. Hunt (i) died Oct. 18, 1693, aged thirty-eight years.
" Daughter of William Torrey, of Weymouth," is inscribed on her gravestone.

The inventory of Capt. Hunt (1685), made Nov. 12, 1722, included house and
land on Linn Street, four hundred pounds ; smith-shop, wharf, etc., in Linn Street, three
hundred and fifty-five pounds ; negro man and woman, forty pounds.

His sons, John and Col. Ephraim, joined the Artillery Company in 1709 and 17 17
respectively.

Thomas Mallard (1685) was of Boston in 1685. A Mr. Mallett was present at the
second meeting, July 4, 1686, of the first Episcopalian church in Boston, who is supposed
to be the same as Thomas Mallard (1685). Mr. Savage supposes that he soon moved
to New Hampshire, where the name occurs; but he is on the Boston tax lists of 1687-
91, and he contributed to the erection of the Episcopalian meeting-house in Boston
in 1689.

Samuel Marshall (1685), of Boston in 1681, a cooper, was active in the revival of
the Artillery Company in 1690, and was admitted to be a freeman in 1691. He was
third sergeant of the Company in 1691, and its ensign in 1698. He was clerk of the
market in 1681 ; a member of Capt. Townsend's (1674) military company in 1684; a
constable in 1685-6; assessor in 1698, and selectman in 1709 and 1710. He was sub-
sequently prominent in town matters. His will, of Oct. 25, 1739, was proved Feb. 22,
1742. He resided on the south side of Milk Street, near " Mackril Lane."

Samuel Wakefield (r68s), of Boston, probably the same as Samuel Wakefield
who joined the Artillery Company in 1676.

ReVi Joshua Moody, of Boston, delivered the Artillery sermon of 1685. He also
delivered the sermon before the Artillery Company in 1674, when he resided in Ports-
mouth, N. H. (See page 232.)

Thomas Hunt (1685). Authorities : Hunt Thomas Mallard (1685). Authority: An-

Genealogy, p. 317; Copp's Hill Burial-Ground, by nals of King's Chapel, by Foote.
Bridgman, p. 57.

^^6

HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND

[1686-7

i686-

The officers elected in 16S6-7 were: Benjamin Davis (1673), cap-
tain ; Tliomas Savage (1665), lieutenant, and Samuel Ravenscroft (1679),
ensign.

Our knowledge of the anniversary day in June, 1686, is derived from the diary of
Judge Sevvall (1679), in which he wrote : —

"Satterday, June 5 [1686] I rode to Newbury to see my little Hull, and to keep out
of the way of the Artillery Election, on which day eat Strawberries and Cream with
Sister Longfellow at the Falls, visited Capt Richard Dummer, rode to Salem, where
lodged 2 nights for the sake of Mr. Noye's Lecture, who preached excellently of
Humility, from the woman's washing Christs feet. Was invited by Mr. Higginson to
dinner, but could not stay, came along to Capt Marshalls, from thence with Mr. Davie,
who gave me an account of B. Davis Capt. Thos Savage Lieut and Sam Ravenscroft,
Ensign of the Artillery ; Jno Wait was chosen but served not. Mr Hubbard preached
from Eccles : — There is no discharge in that war."

The Church of England was organized in Boston, June 15, 1686. At this first
meeting, there were, according to the records of King's Chapel, ten persons present,
besides the rector. Of these ten, the following were members of the Artillery Company :
Capt. Lidget (1679), Mr. Luscomb (1678), Mr. White (1678), Mr. Maccarty (1681),
and Mr. Ravenscroft (1679). July 4, 1686, at a second meeting, two others, Thomas
Brinley (1681) and Mr. Mallard (1685), were present. The above-named may be con-
sidered as among the fourteen founders of King's Chapel.

A memorandum, under date of July, 1689, "of sure, honest, and well-disposed
persons," who contributed to the erection of the first King's Chapel, is given in Annals
of King's Chapel, by Rev. H. W. Foote. It contains ninety-four names, with subscriptions
amounting to two hundred and forty- nine pounds nine shillings. Among these are the
following members of the Artillery Company : —

Benjamin Alford
Thomas Brinley .
Francis Burroughs
Duncan Campbell
Anthony Checkley
Thomas Clark .
John Coney . .
Edward Creeke .
Benjamin Davis .
Giles Dyer . .
Francis Foxcroft
John George . .
Robert Gutteridge

(1671), £r~

(1681), 5

(1686), 5

(1686), I

(1662), 3

(1685), I

(1662), 1

(i674)> ■

(1673). 3

(1680), 5

(1679), 10

(1702), 3
(1694),

Roger Kilcup . .
Lt.-Col. Chas. Lidget
Samuel Lynde . .
Thaddeus Maccarty
Thomas Mallard
Benjamin Mountfort
John Nelson . .
Lt.-Col. Nicholas Paige
George Pordage
Samuel Ravenscroft
Edward Smith . .
Capt. Wm. White .

• (I6S4),

\os.

• (1679),

• (I69I),

. (I68I),

IOJ-.

. (1685),

6j-.

• (i679)>

2S.

. (1680),

?e (1693),

. (16S1),

• (1679),

. (1682),

\bs

• (1678),

Twenty-five persons gave one hundred and ten pounds and fifteen shillings, or
nearly a half of the entire amount.

The new members recruited in 1686-7 were: Francis Burroughs, Duncan Campbell,
and Stephen Mason.

"[1686] Monday, Sept 6. Artillery Training. Not an old Captain there." — Snvall Papers,
Vol. I., p. 151.

KING'S CHAPEL.

•68^-7] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 277

Francis Burroughs (1686), of Boston, a bookseller, who came from London in
1685, was a member of the Old South Church, but contributed to the building of
King's Chapel.

Mr. Dunton, the London bookseller, says, concerning Mr. Burroughs (1686),
"He heaped more civilities upon me than I can reckon up." Mr. Burroughs (1686)
furnished the necessary security that Mr. Dunton should not be "chargeable to the
town." He was elected constable of Boston in 1694, but declined to serve. His will
was proved Dec. 11, 17 13.

Duncan Campbell (1686), of Boston in 1685, was a bookseller from Scotland.
Dunton, in his Life and Errors, says of Duncan Campbell, a " Scotch bookseller, —
very industrious, dresses a-la-modc, and I am told a young lady of great fortune is fallen
in love with him." Under commission from Scotland, he was appointed postmaster
"for our side of the world." Administration was granted on his estate July 31, 1702,
wherein he is called " Merchant."

Stephen Mason (i5S6).

Rev. Nehemiah Hobart, of Newton, who delivered the Artillery election sermon
in 1686, — son of Rev. Peter Hobart, of Hingham, preacher of the Artillery sermon in
1655, — was born in Hingham, Nov. 21, 1648, and graduated at Harvard College in 1667.
He married, March 21, 1678, Sarah, daughter of Edward Jackson. He was ordained
pastor of the church at Cambridge village, Dec. 23, 1674, where he continued to labor
till his death, which occurred Aug. 25, 17 12.

Dec. 20, 1686, Sir Edmund Andros, "glittering in scarlet and lace," arrived at
Nantasket in the " Kingfisher," a fifty-gun ship, with a commission from James H. for
the government of all New England. One of the first "acts of his despotism" was the
taking possession of the South Congregational meeting-house for the use of the Episco-
palians. The two congregations occupied the South meeting-house by turns, — the
Episcopalians in the forenoon and the Congregationalists in the afternoon, or according
as it was more convenient for the Governor. On one occasion, when the Episcopal
service had lasted until after two o'clock. Judge Sewall (1679) notes in his diary: "It
was a sad sight to see how full the street was of people gazing and moving to and fro,
because they had not entrance into the house."

Francis Burroughs (1686). Authorities: " [1686] Monday Apr 5 Mr. Nehemiah Hobart

Hill's Hist, of Old South Church; Whitman's Hist. chosen to preach the next Artillery Election Sermon,

A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1842; Foote's Annals hardly any other had Votes, though Mr. Cotton

of King's Chapel. Mather is even almost son-in-law to the Cap" and a

"Dec 10,1713. Mr. Francis Burroughs buried worthy Man." — SrioaWs Diary.
after Lecture. . . . He is Lamented as having been Judge Sewall (1679) says in his diary, under

an intelligent, Exemplary Christian. Buried in Mr. date of Sept. 13, 16S6, " Mr. Cotton Mather preaches

Heath's Tomb, New burying ■fXz.zt." — Sewall's the Election Sermon for the Artillery at Charles-

Diayy. town, from Ps cxliv-i. Made a very good discourse.

Duncan Campbell (1686). Authorities: President and Deputy there. . . . The Artillery

Foote's Annals of King's Chapel; Whitman's Hist. company had like to have been broken up — the

A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1842; Thomas's Hist. animosity so high between Charlestown and Cam-

of Printing, Vol. II., p. 414. bridge about the place of training."

Rev. Nehemiah Hobart. Authorities : Sav- The " President " above mentioned was Joseph

age's Gen. Diet. ; Smith'sHist. of Newton; Sprague's Dudley (1677), and the "Deputy" was William

Annals of American Pulpit. Stoughton, son of Col. Israel Stoughton (1637).

2/8 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [16S6-7

Another of Sir Edmund's "acts" was the appointment of Randolph to be licenser
of the press. Under his " licensing," one almanac, one proclamation by Andros, and
five " reprints " constitute the entire issue of the Boston and Cambridge presses for the
year 1688. The restraint upon marriage was more "grievous" than that upon the
press, none being allowed to marry unless they gave bonds with sureties to the Governor.
Andros regarded the Congregational ministers as mere laymen, and Randolph wrote to
the Bishop of London, " One thing will mainly help, when no marriages hereafter shall
be allowed lawful but such as are made by the ministers of the Church of England."
At that time Mr. Ratcliffe was the only Episcopal minister in the country. Cotton
Mather, in his " Remarkables " of his father, furnishes the following graphic description
of the Andros "administration" : —

" The administration was almost a complication of shameless and matchless
villanies. The honest gentlemen in the council were overlooked and browbeaten and
rendered insignificant. Three or four finished villains did what they pleased. Among
other instances of the vile things in it, there was this comprehensive one : the banditti
gave out that, the charters being lost, all the title the people had unto their lands was
lost with them (for which a small defect in the legal and public settlements of them
was pretended), and therefore they began to compel the people everywhere to take
patents for their lands. Accordingly writs of intrusion were issued out against the chief
gentlemen of the territory, by the terror thereof many were driven to petition for patents
that they might enjoy lands which had been fifty or sixty years in their possession ; but
for these patents there were such exorbitant prices demanded that fifty pounds could
not purchase for its owner an estate not worth two hundred ; nor could all the money
and movables in the territory have defrayed the charges of patenting the lands at the
hands of the crocodiles, besides the considerable quit-rents for the King. Indeed,
the brutish things done by these wild beasts of the earth are too many to be related,
and would probably be too brutish to be believed."

The authority of Andros was supreme. He removed the members of the council
and appointed others ; with their consent, made laws, laid taxes, controlled the militia ;
tolerated no pubHc printing-press ; encouraged episcopacy, and sustained authority by
force. Schools were neglected, religious institutions impaired, tyrannical measures
instituted, and liberty disregarded. The rights and privileges of the people were
trampled under foot.

The last records of the state, under the old charter, appear to be May 12, 1686,
three days before Randolph's arrival. " Such was the baseness of the Andros govern-
ment, that the people were universally dissatisfied, and despised him and his confidential
associates. So sensible was he of this, that, by some means at this day unknown, he,
or his secretary, Randolph, destroyed or stole all the records of his administration, and
there is now no trace of them, or even a single paper relative thereto, left in the office
of the secretary " of state.

Judge Sewall (1679), in his diary,' speaks of the Artillery Company in 1687.
From that time until April, 1691, the Company seems to have been dormant. There
were no spring and fall trainings, and no election on the first Monday in June. It has
been stated that the meetings of the Company were suppressed by Gov. Andros. There

' "[1687] Monday April 4. Great Storm of not rained. Capt Wm White [1678] appoints the
Rain. Thunders several times. No Artillery Train- Sergeants and corporals to meet at Sergeant Bull's
ing; and I think would have been none if it had at 3 r. M. April 4." — Seumll Pafers,Vol. /., /. 172.

SOUTH BATTERY.

'6S7-9] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY.

279

seems to be no direct evidence of this. The bitter quarrel which raged between the
churches from 1686 to 1690 divided the Company. Several prominent Episcopalians
united with the Company just previous to the arrival of Gov. Andros, and at the election
of ofilicers of the Artillery Company in 1686 the Episcopalians were triumphant. Prob-
ably the opposing party withdrew from the meetings and drills, and returned only when
Gov. Andros had been deported to England, and the Episcopalians, several of whom —
Messrs. Foxcroft (1679), Ravenscroft (1679), and White (1678) — were put into jail in
1689, had given up the contest.

Also in April, 1687, Gov. Andros sailed with a considerable armament against the
eastern Indians. It is probable that his friends who were then officers of the Artillery
Company went on that expedition, and were absent from Boston on the first Monday in
June, 1687.

Rowe's Wharf coincides with the old South Battery, or Sconce, an outwork of Fort
Hill, and terminus in that direction of the famous barricade. As early as 1632 a fort
was begun on the eminence called Corn Hill, but soon the name was changed to Fort-
field, and finally to Fort Hill. In 1636, the work was continued, and Messrs. Keayne
(1637), Hutchinson (1638), Coggan (1638), Oliver (1637), Harding (1637), and others,
loaned five pounds each to complete it. Mr. Coggan (1638) was chosen treasurer.
The Sconce was constructed of whole timber, with earth and stone between, and was
considered strong.

The battery and the fort gained celebrity as the resort of Gov. Andros, and the
place of his seizure and deposition in 1689. In April of that year, the news of the
landing of the Prince of Orange at Torbay, England', reached Boston, and threw
the town into a ferment.

The first news of this event was brought to Boston by Mr. John Winslow, who
joined the Artillery Company in 1692. He arrived from Nevis, April 4, 1689, and
brought copies of the proclamation which William issued in the November previous.
Gov. Andros demanded of Mr. Winslow (1692) a copy of it, but was refused. Mr.
Winslow (1692) was brought into court, and, by Dr. Bullivant, Charles Lidget (1679),
and Francis Foxcroft (1679), justices, was sent to prison, "for bringing into the country
a traitorous and treasonable libel." ^

Gov. Andros, Randolph, and some of their followers, sought the security of the
fort. On the other hand, the drums beat to arms ; the North End and South End
rushed to the town-house, where every man joined his respective company, and an
ensign was raised on the Beacon. The captain of the frigate was seized and held as a
hostage. The train-bands circumvented the fort. Meanwhile Capt. Hill (1677), with
his soldiers, escorted Messrs. Bradstreet, Danforth, and others, to the town- house.
They drew up, signed, and sent to Sir Edmund Andros, a letter demanding the
surrender of the government and fortifications, etc. This letter was signed by fifteen
persons, — principal citizens of Boston, of whom the following were members of the
Military Company of the Massachusetts, viz. : John Richards (1644), Isaac Addington
(1652), John Foster (1679), David Waterhouse (1679), Adam Winthrop (1642), John
Nelson (1680), Wait Winthrop (1692), and Samuel Shrimpton (1670).

Subsequently, Gov. Andros complied with the request, and his surrender was
received by Capt. John Nelson (1680), who was in command of the soldiers. Gov.

' New England Justified, pp. 11, 12.

28o HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [16S7-9

Andros was conducted to the council chamber, and thence to the house of Mr. John
Usher (1673), where he was detained as a prisoner. BulHvant, Ravenscroft (1679), White
(1678), Lidget (1679), and others of the Governor's friends, were placed in jail. The
fifteen principal citizens above named were joined, April 20, by twenty-two others, who
together formed "a council for the safety of the people and conservation of the peace."
They chose Mr. Bradstreet, president; John Foster (1679) 3-r>d -Adam VVinthrop (1642),
treasurers; Wait Winthrop (1692), commander-in-chief, and Isaac Addington (1652),
clerk. Members of the Artillery Company took a leading part in the deposition of
Gov. Andros, and the formation of a provisional government.

A ship arrived from England, May 26, 1689, with an order to the authorities "on the
spot" to proclaim King William and Queen Mary. Never, since the "Mayflower" groped
her way into Plymouth harbor, had a message from the parent country been received in
New England with such joy. Never had such a pageant, as three days after, expressive
of the prevailing happiness, been seen in Massachusetts. From far and near the people
flocked into Boston ; the government, attended by the principal gentlemen of the
capital and the towns adjacent, passed in procession on horseback through the thorough-
fares ; the regiment of the town, and companies and troops of horse and foot from the
country, lent their pomp to the display ; there was a great dinner at the town-house
for the better sort ; wine was served out in the streets, and the evening was made noisy
with acclamations of delight, till the bell rang at nine o'clock, and the families met at
their home altars to thank God for causing their great sorrow to pass away, and for
giving a Protestant king and queen to England.

The earliest attention of the new government was drawn toward the organization of
the militia. On the 20th of April, 1689, they appointed Hon. Wait Winthrop (1692)
major-general of the province, and Samuel Shrimpton (1670) colonel of the Boston
regiment. The titles of sergeant-major-general and sergeant-major were aboHshed.

The first regular field-day observed by the Military Company of the Massachusetts,
after the interregnum, was on the first Monday, the seventh day, of April, 1691, when,
the old officers having died or left the Company, an election of officers, who were to
serve until the succeeding anniversary, was held, and the celebrated Rev. Cotton Mather
was chosen to preach the election sermon. From this time to the commencement of the
Revolution, the Company held regular meetings, and performed regular field duty, except
in the autumn of 1721, when the meeting was omitted by legislative enactment, which
" forbid all trooping and training in Boston," by reason of the small-pox. The exertions
to revive the Company were attended with great success, and many were immediately
admitted whose public characters and recognized services served to add lustre to the
distinguished reputation it had before sustained. •

Members of the Artillery Company were prominent in reorganizing and making
efficient the military force of the colony. It was natural that such should remember that
the Artillery Company to which they belonged had been, and was intended to be, a
school for the training of men for military service. Col. Shrimpton (1670), the com-
mander of the Boston regiment, was, therefore, prominent in reviving the Artillery
Company in 1691. Elisha Hutchinson (1670) succeeded him in that office in 1694,

In 1689, Judge Sewall was in London, Eng- and Feathers in their Hats. Marched 5, 6, 7, and

land. He makes, in his diary, the following mention Eight in a RanV;. The Pikes. Had Musick besides

of the Honourable Artillery : — the Drums." — Sezaal! Pafers, J'ol. /., //. 265, 266.

" [1689] July 16 Saw London Artillery Com- ' Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A. Company, ist

pany pass liy about 2 aclock. Most had Buff Cloaths Ed., p. 45.

16S9-90] HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. 28 1

and Samuel Checkley (1678) succeeded the latter in 1705. These three members,
loyally supported by others of no less experience and military knowledge, actively
engaged in reviving the Company, and in confirming and increasing its former prestige
and usefulness.

Among those who aided in this revival were: Lieut.-Gen. John Walley (1671),
Cols. Penn Townsend (1674) and John Ballentine (1682), Major Samuel Sewall (1679),
and Capts. John Wing (1671) and Bozoun Allen (1676), — all of whom, subsequent to
the revival, the Artillery Company honored by electing commanders.

The expedition of Sir William Phips against Canada occurred in 1690. The New
England colonies raised two thousand men for that fatal expedition, " of whom one
thousand perished"; "not vagrants," says Dummer, "picked up in the streets and
pressed into the war, but heads of families, artificers, robust young men, such as no
country can spare, and least of all new settlements." The force sailed from Boston,
Aug. 9, in about forty transports and small men-of-war. Major John Walley ' (1671)
had command of the land forces. His journal of this campaign against Canada is given
in the first volume of Gov. Hutchinson's History of Massachusetts. " Sir William Phips
returned to Boston, Nov. 19, having lost," Mr. Drake says, "by the enemy and sickness,
near three hundred men. The fleet, on its return, was scattered by storms ; one vessel
was wrecked, and others driven toward the West Indies."

The small-pox prevailed in Boston ; '■ Printer Green and his wife died of it," before
the fleet sailed. It appeared among the soldiers on the transports, and many died.

The colony was not in a financial condition to enter upon war. Its treasury was
empty. The expense of this expedition was paid partly by private subscription, and
partly by a loan. In the Massachusetts archives there is an original petition of those
Boston merchants who had loaned the colony money to carry on this expedition, and
who, in 1692, asked to be reimbursed. The signers were: John Richards (1644),
Edward Bromfield (1679), John Foster (1679), Peter Sergeant, Andrew Belcher, Edward
Gouge, Simeon Stoddard (1675), Nathaniel Williams (1667), Thomas Brattle (1675),
James Barnes, and Robert Gibbs.

Col. Benjamin Church made a diversion in favor of Sir William Phips and his
expedition, by advancing against the French and Indians in Maine. The Brunswick
(Me.) Telegraph says, that a metal button was recently ploughed up in that town,
bearing the inscription, " Massachusetts Artillery," in a circle around the rim. There
is on it a very excellent representation of a gun, with its rammer and sponges attached,
and to the rear of the piece stands the British flag. Upon the reverse of the button is
the inscription, " Gilt. London." This button probably belonged to one of the three
hundred solders in this expedition under Col. Church, who captured and destroyed a
fort on the site where Brunswick now stands.

' Another member of the Artillery Company, 98, notes : " Dr. Bullivant, in his Journal, says that

Col. Penn Townsend (1674), was first offered the Nelson [l68o], who had played an important part

command, and was appointed in March, 1690, com- in the overturning of Andros, had been applied to

mander-in-chief of the expedition; but Sir William " for generalissimo, as the fittest person for such an

offered " to go in person," whereupon the former de- enterprise; but the country deputies said he was a

clined " with thanks." — See Semill Papers, /., 316. merchant, and not to be trusted; so it was offered to

The Memorial History of Boston, Vol. H., p. Sir William Phips."

282 HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND [1691-2

^ The officers elected in April, 1691, were : Elisha Hutchinson (1670),

J QQQ" J ^ captain ; Penn Townsend (1674), lieutenant; Bozoun Allen (1676),

'^ ensign. Joseph Bridgham (1674) was first sergeant ; Nathaniel Williams

(1667), second sergeant; Samuel Checkley (1678), third sergeant; Thomas Hunt
(1685), fourth sergeant; Henry Deering (1682), clerk, and Samuel Marion (1691),
drummer.

Of the above, Ensign Henry Deering (1682), clerk, was first sergeant in 1685;
Lieut. Samuel Checkley (1678), third sergeant, was fourth sergeant in 1685. The
remainder were not officers of the Company when its meetings were suspended in
1687.

The lists of the Company which have come down to us do not distinguish between
such as joined the Company in April or June, 1691. It might be inferred that all the
recruits in 1691, except one, were received at the April meeting, for Major Hutchinson
(1670), the commander, and Henry Deering (1682), clerk, were the bondsmen for all
of the twenty new members, except one, of that year, and both of these officers were
succeeded by others at the meeting in June, 1691.

^ The officers elected at the June meeting in 1691 were: Penn

J QQ J "2 . Townsend (1674), captain; Bozoun Allen (1676), lieutenant; William
■' Greenough (1675), ensign. John Ballentine (r682) was first sergeant;

Edmund Brown (1691), second sergeant; Samuel Marshall (16S5), third sergeant;
Obadiah Gill (1679), fourth sergeant; William Robie (1684), clerk, and Samuel Marion
(1691), drummer.

The Company immediately began an era of prosperity ; the surviving members
became newly interested, and many additions were made to the ranks. Not less in
personal worth and colonial fame than former members of the Company were some
of the recruits who joined the Company very soon after it was revived. Col. Adam
Winthrop (1692) and his son, Adam (1694); Hon. Wait Winthrop (1692); Thomas
Hutchinson (1694), father of the Governor of that name ; Cols. Thomas Fitch (1700),
Edward Winslow (1700), Pe