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' 

T  H  E    HIS  T  O  R  Y 

OF 

MONTGOMERY  COUNTY, 

MARYLAND, 


FROM     IT: 


Earliest  Settlement  in  1650  to  187!) : 

The  Early  Land  Grants. — By  whom  patented. — Their  order  of 

Settlement  atntd   Present  Owners. — Local  and  General 

Events. — Leading    Incidents. — Principal    Towns, 

Villages,    &c. — Its    Soil,    Products,   and 

Industries.      Also, 

SKETCHES  OF  THE  PROMINENT  MEN  OF  THE  COUNTY. 

DIRECTORY 

•  Of    Post    Offices,   Merchants,    Manufacturers,    Professors, 

Farmers,    Tobacco   Planters,   Mechanics,   Mills, 

Colleges,   Schools,    and   Churches. 

WITH    AN    APPENDIX, 

Containing  a  Description  of  the  Prominent  Business  Houses 
of  Washington  and  Georgetown. 

COMPILED  AND  ARRANGED  FROM  AUTHENTIC  SOURCES, 

BY 

T.    H.   S.   BO  Y  D, 

CLARKSBURG,  MONTGOMERY  COUNTY,  MARYLAND. 

1879-.  r  / 


ifri 


Entered  according  to  the  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1879, 

By  T.  H.  S.   Boyd, 

In  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington,  D.  C. 


BALTIMORE \ 

W.    K.    BOYLE    &    SON, 

PRINTERS. 


??L 


;m 


PREFACE. 


In  offering  the  present  history  to  the  public  and  the  citizens 
of  Montgomery  County,  it  appears  necessary  for  the  publisher 
to  present  the  motive  that  induced  him  to  undertake  the  publi- 
cation. 

During  the  Centennial  year  of  our  National  Independence, 
the  President  of  the  United  States  issued  a  Proclamation, 
requesting-  the  people  to  assemble  in  their  respective  towns  and 
counties,  and  rescue  from  obscurity  and  oblivion  the  incidents 
and  events  connected  with  the  first  century  of  the  Nation. 

Previous  to  the  issue  of  this  proclamation,  the  people  of 
Montgomery  County  had  resolved  to  celebrate  the  one  hun- 
dredth anniversary  of  the  organization  of  the  County,  on  the 
Fair  Grounds,  at  Rockville,  September  6th,  1870.  Speeches 
were  delivered  by  A.  B.  Davis,  Esq.,  T.  Anderson,  Esq., 
Judge  Richard  J.  Bowie,  Judge  Pearre,  Judge  Jones,  and  others. 
The  exhibition  buildings  of  the  Fair  Grounds  were  tilled  with 
relics  and  curiosities,  giving  a  faithful  reflex  of  the  past. 

The  object  in  the  publication  of  this  volume  is  to  collect  and 
arrange  the  materials,  with  such  an  arrangement  of  the  matter 
as  to  give  a  true  and  faithful  history  of  the  County,  in  as  con- 
cise and  succinct  style  as  the  subject  will  admit;  commencing 
with  a  brief  sketch  of  the  manners  and  customs  of  the  abo- 
rigines, who  once  inhabited  this  region  of  country,  and  continu- 
ing with  the  earlier  settlements  by  the  whites,  down  through 
the  period  of  the  Revolution  and  the  peaceful  times  that  fol- 
lowed until  the  present,  including  geological  features,  streams, 


IV  PREFACE. 

natural  curiosities,  general  statistics,  taxable  property,  synop- 
sis of  census,  public  improvements,  towns,  villages  and  post 
offices,  with  biographical  sketches  of  distinguished  persons, 
immigration  and  its  effects,  agriculture,  pomology,  and  the  cul- 
ture of  bees.  Also,  a  complete  Directory  of  Merchants,  Far- 
mers, Planters,  Mechanics,  Professions,  etc.,  with  a  copious 
Appendix,  containing  sketches  of  the  prominent  mercantile 
and  manufacturing  interests  of  Baltimore  and  the  District  of 
Columbia,  which  are  identified  with  the  prosperity  of  Mont- 
gomery County. 

The  publisher  takes  pleasure  in  tendering  his  unfeigned 
acknowledgments  to  all  those  who  have  contributed  material 
for  this  publication;  especially  to  William  Grady,  Esq.,  the  effi- 
cient County  Surveyor. 

T.  H.  S.  BOYD. 


CONTENTS. 


Ch  wter  \.—  The  Aborigines  or  Indians 9 

Their  customs  and  habits.— Treatment  of  strangers. — Treat- 
ment of  enemies. — Their  vices.— Marriages.— Indian  huts 
or  wigwams.— Dress. — Religious  ceremonies,  etc. 

Chapteb  II.—  The  Indians — Continued 18 

Their  amusements. — War  Dances. — Hunting  and  Fishing 
their  chief  employment, —  Dances. — The  Calumet,— Dis- 
eases.— The  medicine  men  or  doctors. — Death  and  burials. — 
Lord's  Prayer  in  their  native  language,  etc. 

Chapter  III 18 

The  Founder  of  Maryland. — Granting  of  the  Charter. — Powers 
conferred  by  the  Charter. — Sailing  of  the  Colonists. — Arri- 
val in  the  Chesapeake  Bay.— Landing  on  Blackiston  Island. — 
Settlement  at  St,  Mary's. —  Friendly  relations  secured  with 
the  Indians. — Extending  the  settlements  to  St.  George's  and 
Montgomery. —  Peace  and  Prosperity. —  Missionaries. — A 
period  of  Thirty  Years. 

Chapter  IV 23 

Climate  and  Productions. — Tobacco  and  Corn,  staple  produc- 
tions.— Oysters,  Came  and  Fish. — Indentured  Whites. — 
Slaves  introduced  from  Virginia, — Tobacco  the  medium  of 
barter  and  exchange. — Tobacco  shipments. — Silver  coins. — 
Fruit  and  Cider. — Mails. — Quakers  or  Friends. — Indians. — 
Toleration. 

Chapter  V. — Land  Grants 29 

Joseph's  Park. — Girl's  Portion. — Leeke  Forest, — Hermitage. — 
Saint  Winexburg. — Carroll's  Forest— Dan. — Brightw ell's 
Hunting  Quarter. — Clean  Drinking. — Bear  Neck. — Maiden's 
Fancy. — Bear  Bacon. — Friendship.—  Charles  and  Thomas. — 
Friendship. —  Clagett's  Purchase. —  Huntington. — ■  Conten- 
tion.— Bradford's  best, — Addition  to  Bradford's  Best. — 
Bradford's    Best.—  Dung  Hill. — Thompson's  Hop   Yard. — 


Vi  CONTENTS. 

PAGE. 

Cool  Spring  Level. — Allison's  Park. — Archibald's  Lot. — 
Younger  Brother — Dispute. — Two  Brothers. — The  New 
Exchange. — Addition  to  Dan. — Joseph  and  James. 

Chapter  VI. — Land  Grants — Continued 3G 

Easy  Purchase. —  Friendship  Enlarged. —  Drumaldry. — Lay 
Hill. — Snowden's  Manor. — Snowden's  Manor  Enlarged. — 
Charles  and  Benjamin.— George  the  Third. — Beall's  Manor.— 
Beall  Christie. — Bear  Garden  Enlarged. — Deer  Park. — 
Snowden  Mill. — Charley  Forest. — Addition  to  Charley  For 
est. — Hygham. — Gold's  Branch.— Gitting's  Hah  !  Hah  ! ! — 
Bordley's  Choice. — Brooke  Grove. — Addition  to  Brooke 
Grove. — John  and  Sarah. — Benjamin's  Lot. — New  Year's 
Gift. — Autra — Easy  Come  By.— Mill  Land. — Boyd's  De- 
lay.— Magruder's  Hazard. — Paradise. — Bernard's  Desire. — 
Wickham  and  Pottinger's  Discovery. — Partnership. — The 
Brothers'  Industry. — Deer  Park.  — Fellowship. — Constant 
Friendship. 

Chapter  VII. — Land  Grants —  Continued 43 

Wickham's  Good  Will. — The  Joseph. — Middle  Plantation. — 
Magruder  and  Beall's  Honesty. — Clewerwald  Enlarged. — 
Goose  Pond. — Bear  Den. — Prevention. —  Saint  Mary's. — 
Valentine's  Garden  Enlarged. — Re-survey  on  Valentine's 
Garden  Enlarged.—  Haymond's  Addition. — Concord. — Han- 
over.— Flint's  Grove. — Happy  Choice. — Hopewell. — Jere- 
miah's Park. —  Partnership. — The  Re-survey  on  Part  of 
Forest. — Banks'  Venture. — Abraham's  Lot. — Killmain. — 
John's  Delight. —  Conclusion.— Turkey  Thicket. —  Benja 
min's  Square. — Spring  Garden. — Abel's  Levels. — Moored 
Delight. — Pork  Plenty,  if  no  Thieves. — Chestnut  Ridge. — 
Ralfo. — Grandmother's  Good  Will. — Cow  Pasture. — Peach 
Tree  Hill.— Errors  Corrected.— Very  Good.— Bite  the  Biter.— 
Silent  Valley. — Trouble  Enough  Indeed. 

Chapter  VIII 49 

Frederick  City. —  Georgetown,  D.  C. —  Tobacco. —  Rolling 
Roads. — French  War. — Defeat  of  General  Braddock. — Mas- 
sacre of  the  Settlers. — The  Revolution. — Meeting  at  old 
Hungerford  Tavern. — Resolutions. — Formation  of  Montgo-  "i- 
mery  County.— Named  after  General  Richard  Montgomery. — 
Rockville,  the  County  Seat. — Districts  of  the  County. — 
Orphans'  Court, — Registers  of  Wills. — Members  of  the 
SI  ale  Convention. 


CONTENTS.  Vii 

PASS. 

Chapter  IX 55 

A  Period  of  One  Hundred  and  Forty  Years. — The  First  Con- 
tinental Congress. — Maryland  Convention. — Enrollment  and 
Organization  of  Companies. — The  First  Blood  shed  in  the 
Revolutionary  War,  19th  April,  1775.— Captain  Cresap's 
Company.— Their  bravery  in  battle.— Powder  Mills. — Can- 
non Manufactories. — Contingent  called  from  Montgomery 
County. — -The  deeds  of  prowess  in  Virginia  and  the  Caro- 
Carolinas. — Revolutionary  Officers  from  the  County. — The 
War  of  1812.— Distinguished  Officers  in  the  War  of  the 
Rebellion. 

Chapter   X 61 

First  Revolutionary  Soldier. — Montgomery's  Revolutionary 
Roll. —  Pension  Acts. —  Names  of  Pensioners. —  Meteoric 
Showers,  as  witnessed  at  the  home  of  Charles  Saffell,  the 
Oldest  Pensioner  on  the  List. — Scenes  in  Gaithersburg  and 
Rockville. 

Chapter  XI 67 

First  Member  of  Congress  from  this  County. — Whiskey  Insur- 
rection in  Pennsylvania. — Names  of  Montgomerians  who 
served  in  the  Federal  Congress. — Hon.  Montgomery  Blair 
as  Cabinet  Minister. — Members  of  Reform  State  Conventions, 
1850-51,  '64,  '07.— First  County  Surveyor.— First  Schools.— 
An  Act  for  Purchasing  School  Property.— Academies,  Col- 
leges, &c,  and  their  Students. 

Chapter  XII 75 

First  Public  Roads. — Rolling  Tobacco  to  Market. — Union 
Turnpike. — Washington,  Colesville  and  Ashton. — Colum- 
bia.— The  Old  Baltimore. — River  Road.— Old  Annapolis. — 
Conduit. — Old  Potomac  Company. — Subscriptions  to  said 
Company. — Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal. — Coal  Elevators 
in  Georgetown. — First  Railroad  in  the  Country. — Baltimore 
and  Ohio  Railroad,  Metropolitan  Branch. 

Chapter  XIII. — Prominent  Men 84 

Col.  John  Berry. — Elisha  Riggs. — Samuel  Riggs. — Mrs.  Ann 
Poultney. — Philip  E.  Thomas. — Rev.  Reuben  T.  Boyd. — 
His  Ordination  as  Minister  of  the  Gospel. — His  Certificate 
to  perform  marriage,  signed  by  General  Wm  Henry  Harri- 
son.— John  C.  Clark. — George  R.  Gaither. — Israel  H.  B.,  and 
A.  and  R.  R.  Griffith. — Thomas  L.  Reese. — William  Darne. — 
Rev.  Thomas  McCormick. — Thomas  Moore. — Caleb  Bent- 
ly. — Isaac  Riggs. — Roger  Brooke. — Hon.  Francis  P.  Blair. — 


Mil  CONTENTS. 

r.H.H 

Robert    Pottinger. — Dr.  William  Bowie  Magruder.  -Major 

George  Peter.   -Drs.  Duvall. — Tobacco  Inspectors.-  Robert 

Bellman. — Thomas  15.  \V.  Vinson.— Triadelphia  Cotton 
Factory. 

Cb  vrri'.u   XTV. — Prominent  Men — Continued 94 

Hon.  Geo.  W.  Hilton. — William  Darne,  of  .Mountain  View.— 
Prof.  Benjamin  Hallowed. — Hon.  Allen  Bowie  Davis. —  Ed- 
ward  Stabler. — W.  T.  R.  Saflfell. — Francis  Cassott  Clopper. — 

William  Wilson.— Leonidas  Wilson. — Hon.  Thomas  Lans- 
dale. — Dr.  Richard   Waters. — John  S.  Belt,— Hon.  Richard 

Waters,  and  others. 

Chaptbb   XV 1W 

Boundaries  of  the  County. — Building  Stone. — Rooting  Slate. — 
Gold.— Chrome.— Quantity  of  Land  and  its  Value.— Number 

of  Horses  and  other  Cattle. — Farm  Productions  for  1878. — 
Intellectual,  Social  and  Agricultural  Institutions. — Popula- 
tion from  17!)0  to  1870. — Society  of  Friends. — Improve- 
ments at  the  close  of  the  Internecine  War. — Influence  of 
the  Metropolitan  Railroad. 

Present  Officers  of  the  County in 

Cii.\ ptbb   XVI. — ApicuUwre. — Peach  Culture  , 112 

Keeping  and  Propagation  of  Bees. — Process  of  removing 
Honey,  without  destroying  Bees. — Principal  Be<  Rais<  rs  in 
the  County.  Peach  Trees. — Propagation  of  Trees. — List  of 
desirable  variet  ies. 

Chaptbb  XVII. — The  Washington  Grow  Gimp  Ground lb~> 

Incorporators. —  Objects. —  Location. — Present  and  Past  Offi- 
cers.— Cottages. — Tents. — Owners. 


DIRECTORY    OF   TOWNS   AND   VILLAGES, 

'UNO    TllF.    POST   OFFICE    ADDRESS   OF    MERCHANTS,    FARMERS,  4C 

G 

Barnesville Hi) 


Beallsville I  -" 

Bethesda 120 

s 121 

Brighton 121 

Brookeville 188 

Burtonsville 123 

Cabin  John 123 


( !edar  Grove 128 

Clarksburg 184 

Colesville 196 

Damascus 186 

Darnestown 186 

Dawsonville 127 

Dickerson 187 

Edwards'  Ferry 128 


CONTENTS. 


IX 


IM  C.  I . 

Fairland 186 

Four  Corners 129 

Gaithersburg 139 

Germantown 130 

Goshen 131 

Great  Falls 181 

Hyattstown 188 

Hunting  Hill....* 132 

Snowies' 133 

Laytonsville 183 

Martinsburg 134 

Middlebrook 184 

Monocacy 135 

Montrose 135 

Norbeck 136 


r\r.r.. 

Offutt's  -4-  Roads 136 

Olney 137 

Poolesville 138 

Redland 139 

Rockville 139 

Sandy  Springs 141 

Bellman'fl 148 

Seneca 149 

Sligo 142 

Spencerville 142 

Sunshine 148 

Triadelphia 143 

Wheaton 143 

White's  Ferry 144 


DIRECTORY    OF    PROMINENT    MERCANTILE    FIRMS. 
GEORGETOWN,   D.    C. 


Agricultural  Implements. 

Dunlap,  G.  T 149 

Ale,  Wine  and  Cider. 

Palmer,  Samuel  C 156 

Cement  and  Pleat*  r. 

Waters,  J.  G.  &  J.  M 158 

Cigars  and  Tobaeeo. 

Hay,  Peter  J 151 

Coal. 

Borden  Milling  Company..  149 
Commission  Merchants. 

Hartley  ft  Brother 158 

Waters,  J..O.  ft  J.  M 158 

Dry  Goods,  Notions,  &c. 

Gibbons  ft  Burroughs 154 

Dyeing  and  Gleaning,  (Steam.) 

Wheatley,  Win.  H 155 

Express  (New)  Line. 

Hyde,  G.F.,  Agent 155 


Fertilvst  re. 

Dunlap,  G.T 149 

Flour  Mills. 

Capital— Tenney  ft  Sons.. 148 
Pioneer — Herr  &  Cissel. .  .148 

Grain,  Feed  and  Hay. 

Jackson,  D.  B 159 

■ 

Bradt,  A.  H ;....148 

Cropley's  (S.)  Sons. ..'.....  146 

Lyddane,  Eugene  T 154 

Lyddane,  John 156 

Offutt.  Win.  A.  A  Brother.  152 

Hardware,  Iron  and  Steel. 

Gilbert,  H.  P 151 


Hats,  Caps,  &c. 

Barron,  J.  O. . .  . 

Hotel  and  Restaurant. 

bt,  . . . . 


.158 


157 


CONTENTS. 


Lager  Beer  Brevk 

Dentze,  Mrs.  Simon 156 

Liquors. 

Bradt,  A.  H 148 

Cropley's  1 8.)  Sons 140 

Offutt,  Wm.  A.  ft  Bro 162 

Lumber. 

Libber,  Jos.  ft  J.  E 150 

Wheatley  Brothers 145 

Mineral  Water  Manufactory. 

Palmer,  Samuel  C 156 


Powder. 

Cropley's  (S.)  Sons 146 

Potomac  Blue  Stone. 

Gilbert,  H.  P 151 

Restaurant. 

Arlow,  Robert  T 147 

Ship  and  Canal  Stores. 

Bradt,  A.  H 148 

U.  B.  Mutual  Aid  Society  of  Pa. 

Kaiser, ,  Agent 157 

Tobacco,  Snuff*  and  Cigars. 

Cropley's  (S.)  Sons 146 


WASHINGTON,    D.    C. 


Artist*1  and  Woe  Flower  Materials. 
Ryneal,  George,  Jr 163 

Boots  and  Shot  8. 

George,  J.J 163 

Cigars  and  Tobacco. 

Cochran,  George  W.  ft  Co.  165 
Clothing  JIou.se. 

Saks,  A.  &   Co 1<»5 

Collection  Office. 

Bennett,  William  II 167 

Commission  Merchant*. 

Barbour  ft  Hamilton 161 

Confectiont  ru. 

Mueller  (Carl)  ft  Son 159 

Drugs  and  Chemicals. 

Stotl  ft  Cromwell 158 

Fire-  Works,  Toys,  <!•<■. 

Mueller  (Carl)  ft  Son 159 

Qroa 

Barbour  &  Hamilton 161 

Hume,  Frank 169 

Manion,  John  I) 166 


Hotels. 

Clark   House — Lawrence 

Clark,  Proprietor 168 

American    House  —  Duffy 
ft  Leannarda,  Prop'rs.  .  .168 

Household  Furnishing  Ooods. 

Gartrell,  G.  E.  ft  Co 164 

Liquors. 

Barbour  ft  Hamilton 151 

Humes,  Frank 162 

Manion,  John  D 166 

Xander,  Chr 166 

Oyster  Dealer. 

Turner,  William 1 66 

Paints,  Oils  and  Varnishes. 

Ryneal,  George,  Jr, 168 

Restaurants. 

Hagerty,  David 167 

Hagerty,  Frank 167 

Wilkening,  W.  II 167 

Stoves— Heating  and  Cooking. 

Cartrell,  G.  E.  ft  Co 164 

Window  Glass,  &c. 

Ryneal,  George,  Jr 1 68 


Dill  House". 


FREDERICK,    MD. 

.Picking  ft  Dean,  Proprietors. 


.168 


HISTORY 


MONTGOMERY  COUNTY,  Ml). 


CHAPTER  I. 
The  Aborigines  ob  Indians. 

Their  customs  and  habits.     Treatment  of  strangers.     Treatment 

of  enemies.       Their   rices.      Marriages.       hid  inn    lints  or    nig 
/cams.     Dress.     Religious  ceremonies,  etc. 

When  the  Europeans  first  came  to  this  country,  they  found 
the  Western  Continent  inhabited  by  numerous  nations,  to  whom 
was  applied  tin1  name,  though  erroneously,  Indians.  This  name 
was  given  to  the  aborigines  of  this  continent  under  the  mistaken 
notion  of  Columbus,  in  supposing  that  he  had  arrived  at  the 
eastern  shore  of  Lndia. 

Touching  the  origin  of  the  Indians,  or  by  what  means  they 
came  from  the  Old  World  to  the  New,  has  never  been  satis- 
factorily answered,  notwithstanding  that  voluminous  disquisi- 
tions have  been  written  on  the  subject. 

A  majority  who  have  investigated  this  subject  agree,  that 
Tarfarv.  in  Asia,  is  the  native  country  of  all  American  Indians. 
The  region  of  country  of  which  this  history  treats  was  inhabited 
by  the  Xoacomicos,  Anacostians,  Piscataways,  Senecas  and  Pa 
tuxents,  about  the  time  of  the  first  settlement  in  1635.  All  of 
these  tribes  belonged  or  were  under  the  control  of  the  Six 
Nations,  the  central  power  of  which  was  located  in  the  State  of 
New  York.  The  Piscataways  and  the  ETacostines  or  Anacos- 
tians. a  tributary  tribe  of  the  Piscataways,  resembled  each 
2 


10  HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

other  as  to  their  bodily  and  mental  qualifications.  In  person, 
slender,  middle-sized,  handsome  and  straight.  The  women  how- 
ever, were  short,  not  so  handsome,  and  clumsy  in  appearance. 
The  skin  of  a  reddish  brown  or  yellowish  brown,  hair  straight 
and  jet  black. 

In  common  life  and  conversation  the  Indians  observed  great 
decency.  They  usually  treated  one  another  and  strangers  with 
kindness  and  civility,  and  without  empty  compliments.  In  the 
converse  of  both  sexes  the  greatest  decency  and  propriety  were 
observed.  They  were  sociable  and  friendly,  difference  of  rank 
with  all  its  consequences  was  not  to  be  found  among  the  Indians. 
They  were  equally  noble  and  free.  The  only  difference  consisted 
in  wealth,  age,  dexterity,  courage  and  office.  They  were  hospi- 
table to  strangers.  To  refuse  the  act  or  kind  offices  of  hospi- 
tality, was  looked  upon  as  a  flagrant  violation  of  a  laudable 
practice  in  vogue  among  the  tawny  sons  of  the  forest.  Hospi- 
tality, they  considered  a  most  sacred  duty,  from  which  none  were 
exempt.  "Whoever,*  said  they,  "refuses  relief  to  any  one, 
commits  a  grievous  offence,  and  not  only  makes  himself  detested 
and  abhorred  by  all,  but  liable  to  revenge  from  the  injured  per- 
son." In  their  conduct  towards  their  enemies  they  were  "bloody 
cruel,"  and  when  exasperated,  nothing  but  the  blood  of  theif 
enemy  could  assuage  or  allay  anger,  which  rankled  concealed 
in  their  bosom,  waiting  only  for  a  convenient  opportunity  to 
strike  the  fearful  blowT,  inflicted  with  fury  that  knew  no  bounds. 
So  determined  on  revenge  upon  their  enemies  were  they,  that 
they  would  solemnly  enjoin  it  upon  their  friends  and  posterity  to 
resent  the  injuries  done  them.  The  longest  space  of  time,  the 
most  remote  place  of  refuge,  afforded  no  security  to  an  Indian's 
enemy. 

Drunkenness,  after  the  whites  commenced  to  deal  with  them, 
was  a  common  vice.  It  was  not  confined,  as  it  is  in  a  great 
measure  at  this  day,  among  the  whites,  to  the  male  sex,  but 
the  Indian  female  as  well  as  the  male,  was  infatuated  alike 
with  the  love  of  strong  drink,  for  neither  of  them  knew  bounds 
to  their  desires.  They  drank  while  they  had  whiskey,  or  could 
swallow  it  down.  Drunkenness  was  a  vice,  and  attended  with 
many  serious  consequences,  and  often  resulted  in  murder  and 
death — this  was  not  punishable  among  them,  it  was  a  fashion- 
able  vice.     Stealing,  lying,  adultery  and  cheating,  principally 


HISTORY   OF  MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  11 

the  offspring  of  drunkenness,  were  considered  as  heinous  and 
scandalous  offences,  and  were  punished  in  various  ways. 

The  Auacostians  and  Piscataways  married  early  in  life;  the 
men  usually  at  eighteen,  and  the  women  at  fourteen,  but  never 
married  near  relations.  If  an  Indian  man  wished  to  marry,  he 
sent  a  present  to  the  nearest  relations  of  the  person  he  had  fixed 
upon,  consisting  of  blankets,  cloth,  linen,  and  occasionally  a  few 
belts  of  Wampum.  If  he  that  made  the  present,  and  the  present 
pleased,  the  matter  was  formally  proposed  to  the  girl,  and  if 
the  other  party  chose  to  decline  the  proposal,  they  returned  the 
present  by  way  of  a  friendly  negative.  After  the  marriage,  the 
present  made  by  the  suitor  was  divided  among  the  friends  of 
the  young  wife.  These  returned  the  civility  by  a  present  of 
Indian  corn,  beans,  kettles,  baskets,  hatchets,  etc.,  brought  in 
solemn  procession  into  the  hut  of  the  newly  married  couple. 
The  latter  commonly  lodged  in  a  friend's  bouse  till  they  could 
erect  a  dwelling  of  their  own.  An  Indian  hut  was  constructed 
in  the  following  manner:  they  peeled  the  trees  abounding  in 
sap,  then  cutting  the  bark  into  pieces  of  six  or  eight  feet  in 
length,  they  laid  heavy  stones  upon  them,  that  they  might  be- 
come flat  and  even  in  drying.  The  frame  of  the  hut  was  made 
by  driving  poles  into  the  ground  and  strengthening  them  by 
cross-beams.  This  frame  was  covered  both  inside  and  outside, 
with  the  pieces  of  bark  that  had  been  prepared  for  that  purpose, 
and  fastened  tight  with  the  bast  of  withes  of  hickory.  The  roof 
ran  upon  a  ridge  and  was  covered  the  same  way.  An  opening 
was  left  in  the  roof  to  let  the  smoke  pass  through,  and  one  in 
the  side  as  a  door,  which  was  fastened  with  neither  lock  nor  bolt ; 
a  stack  leaning  against  it  on  the  outside  as  a  token  that  no  one 
was  at  home,  was  the  only  bolt  to  prevent  intruders. 

There  was  some  difference  in  the  huts  of  the  Piscataways  and 
Auacostians:  the  roofs  of  the  former  being  angular,  and  that  of 
the  latter  round  or  arched;  the  Piscataway  families  preferring  to 
live  separately,  their  huts  were  small:  the  Auacostians  pre- 
ferred to  live  together, — they  built  their  houses  long,  with  several 
fire-places,  and  corresponding  openings  in  the  roof  and  sides. 
In  their  dress  they  displayed  more  singularity  than  art.  The 
men  wore  a  blanket  which  hung  loose  over  their  shoulders,  and 
generally  went  bareheaded.  The  dress  which  distinguished  the 
women,  was  a  petticoat  fastened  tight  about  the  hips  and  hang- 


1-  HISTORY    OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

ing  down  a  little  below  the  knees.  A  longer  one  would  have 
proved  an  incumbrance  in  walking  through  the  woods  or  working 
in  the  fields. 

As  soon  as  a  child  was  born  it  was  laid  upon  a  board  or 
straight  piece  of  bark,  covered  with  moss,  and  wrapped  up  in 
a  skin  or  piece  of  cloth,  and  when  the  mother  was  engaged  in 
her  house- work,  this  rude  cradle  or  bed  was  hung  to  a  peg  or 
branch  of  a  tree.  Their  children  they  educated,  to  fit  them  to 
get  through  the  world  as  did  their  fathers.  They  instructed 
them  in  a  religion,  in  which  they  believed  that  Manito,  their 
God,  "The  Good  Spirit,"  could  be  propitiated  by  sacrifices, 
hence  they  observed  a  great  many  superstitious  and  idolatrous 
ceremonies.  At  their  general  and  solemn  sacrifices  the  oldest 
men  performed  the  offices  of  priests ;  but  in  private  parties,  each 
man  brought  a  sacrifice  and  offered  it  himself  as  priest.  Instead 
of  a  temple,  they  fitted  up  a  large  dwelling  house  for  the 
purpose. 


CHAPTER  II. 

The  Indians — Continued. 

Their  amusements.  War  Dances.  Hunting  and  finking  their 
chief  employment.  Dances.  The  Calumet.  Diseases.  The 
medicinemen  or  doctors.     Death  and  burials.     Lord's  Prayer  in 

their  native  language,  etc. 

AVhen  at  home  they  had  their  amusements,  their  favorite  one 
was  dancing.  The  common  dance  was  held  either  in  a  large 
house  or  in  an  open  field  around  a  fire.  In  dancing  they  formed 
a  circle,  and  always  had  a  leader,  to  whom  the  whole  company 
attended.  The  men  went  before  and  the  women  closed  the  cir- 
cle. The  Latter  danced  with  great  decency,  and  as  if  they  had 
engaged  in  the  most  serious  business.  While  thus  engaged  they 
never  spoke  a  word  to  the  men,  much  less  joked  with  them, 
which  would  have  injured  their  character. 

They  neither  skipped  nor  jumped,  but  placed  one  toot  lightly 
forward  and  then  backward,  yet  so  as  to  advance  gradually  till 
they  reached  a  certain  spot,  and  then  retired  in  the  same  man- 
ner. They  kept  their  bodies  straight  and  their  arms  hanging 
down  close  to  their  sides.  But  the  men  .shouted,  leaped  and 
Stamped  with  such  violence,  that  the  ground  trembled  under 
their  feet.  Their  extreme  agility  and  lightness  of  foot  was 
never  shown  to  more  advantage  than  in  dancing.  Their  whole 
music  consisted  in  a  single  drum,  which  was  made  of  an  old  bar- 
rel or  kettle,  or  the  lower  end  of  a  hollow  tree,  covered  with  a 
thin  deer  skin,  and  beaten  with  one  stick.  Its  sound  was  not 
however  agreeable,  and  served  only  to  mark  the  time,  which  the 
Indians  when  dancing,  even  in  large  numbers,  kept  with  due 
exactness.  When  they  had  finished  one  round  they  took  some 
rest,  but  during  this  time  the  drummer  continued  to  sing  until 


14  HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

another  dance  commenced.  These  dances  in  keeping  with  that 
spirit  lasted  until  midnight. 

Another  kind  of  dance  was  only  attended  by  men.  Each 
rose  in  his  turn  and  danced  with  great  agility  and  boldness, 
extolling  their  own  or  their  father's  great  deeds  in  a  song,  to 
which  all  beat  time  by  a  monotonous,  rough  note,  which  was 
given  out  with  great  vehemence  at  the  commencement  of  each 
bar.  The  war  dance,  which  was  always  held  either  before  or 
after  a  campaign  was  dreadful  to  behold.  None  took  part  in  it 
but  the  warriors  themselves.  They  appeared  armed  as  if  going 
to  battle.  One  carried  his  gun  or  hatchet,  another  a  long  knife, 
the  third,  a  tomahawk,  the  fourth,  a  large  club,  or  they  all 
appeared  armed  with  tomahawks ;  these  they  brandished  in  the 
air  to  show  how  they  intended  to  treat  their  enemies.  They 
affected  such  an  air  of  anger  and  fury  on  these  occasions  that 
it  made  a  spectator  shudder  to  behold  them.  A  chief  led  them 
in  the  dance,  and  sang  the  warlike  deeds  of  himself  or  his 
ancestors.  At  the  end  of  every  celebrated  feat  of  valor,  he 
wielded  his  tomahawk  with  all  his  strength  against  a  post  fixed 
in  the  ground.  He  was  then  followed  by  the  rest,  each  finished 
his  round  by  a  blow  against  the  post.  They  then  danced  alto- 
gether, and  this  was  the  most  frightful  scene.  They  affected 
the  most  horrible  and  dreadful  gestures,  threatened  to  beat,  cut 
and  stab  each  other.  They  were  however  amazingly  dexterous  in 
avoiding  the  threatened  danger.  To  complete  the  horror  of  the 
scene  they  howled  as  dreadfully  as  if  in  actual  fight,  so  that 
they  appeared  as  raving  madmen.  During  the  dance  they  some- 
times sounded  a  kind  of  fife  made  of  reed,  which  had  a  shrill 
and  disagreeable  note.  They  sometimes  used  the  war  dance  in 
times  of  peace,  with  a  view  to  celebrate  the  deeds  of  their 
heroic  chiefs  in  a  solemn  manner.  The  sacrificial  dance  was 
held  at  the  solemnization  of  their  sacrifices. 

Bunting  and  fishing  constituted  their  chief  employment, 
depending  on  this  as  they  did  for  a  supply  of  food  principally 
taken  in  the  chase,  and  next  to  war,  was  considered  the  most 
honorable.  They  were  experienced  hunters,  their  boys  were 
trained  to  this  business,  whom  they  taught  when  quite  young,  to 
climb  trees,  both  to  catch  birds  and  to  exercise  their  sight,  which 
by  this  method  was  rendered  so  quick  that  in  hunting  they  saw 
objects  at  an   amazing  distance.     In  detecting  and  pursuing 


HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  15 

game  they  almost  exceeded  the  best  trained  dog-  in  following  its 
course.  The  principal  weapons  used  by  the  Indian  hunters 
were  bows  and  arrows,  some  had  rifles.  Their  hunting  excur- 
sions sometimes  continued  for  months.  The  Potomac  River  fur- 
nished an  abundant  supply  of  fish  for  those  who  were  fond  of 
piscatorial  pursuits.  Henry  Fleet,  who  was  the  first  navigator 
who  ascended  the  Potomac  River  to  the  head  of  navigation,  in 
1625,  describes  the  country  as  abounding  in  game,  such  as  deer, 
buffaloes,  bears  and  turkeys,  while  the  river  abounded  in  all 
kinds  of  fish, — the  Indians  commonly  catching  thirty  sturgeon  in 
one  night.  If  in  their  travels  they  had  occasion  to  pass  a  dec}) 
river,  they  set  about  immediate^  and  built  a  canoe,  by  taking  a 
long  piece  of  bark  of  proportionate  breadth,  to  which  they  gave 
the  proper  form  by  fastening  it  to  ribs  of  light  wood,  bent  so  as 
to  suit  the  occasion.  The  Indians,  like  all  human  flesh,  were 
heirs  of  disease.  The  most  common  was  pleurisy,  weakness 
and  pains  in  the  stomach  and  breast,  consumption,  diarrhoea, 
rheumatism,  ague,  inflammatory  fevers,  and  occasionally  the 
small-pox  made  dreadful  ravages  among  them.  Their  general 
remedy  for  all  their  disorders,  small  or  great,  was  a  sweat.  For 
this  purpose  they  had  in  every  village  an  oven,  situated  at  some 
distance  from  the  dwellings,  built  of  stakes  and  boards,  covered 
with  sods,  or,  were  dug  in  the  side  of  a  hill,  and  heated  with 
some  red  hot  stones.  Into  this  the  patient  crept  naked  ami  in 
a  short  time  Mas  thrown  into  a  profuse  perspiration.  As  soon 
as  the  patient  felt  too  hot,  he  crept  out  and  immediately  plunged 
himself  into  a  river  or  some  cold  water,  where  he  continued 
about  thirty  seconds,  and  then  went  again  into  the  oven.  After 
having  performed  this  operation  three  times  successively,  he 
smoked  his  pipe  with  composure,  and  in  many  eases  a  cure  was 
completely  effected.  Indian  doctors  never  applied  medicines 
without  accompanying  them  with  mysterious  ceremonies  to 
make  their  effect  appear  supernatural.  A  missionary,  who  was 
present  on  an  occasion  when  an  Indian  physician  had  been  sent 
for  to  see  a  patient,  says :  "  He  had  on  a  large  bear  skin,  so  that 
his  arms  were  covered  with  the  fore  legs,  his  feet  with  the  hind 
legs,  and  his  head  entirely  concealed  in  the  bear's  head,  with 
the  addition  of  glass  eyes.  He  came  in  this  attire  with  a  cala- 
bash in  his  hand,  accompanied  by  a  great  crowd  of  people,  into 
the  patient's  hut,  singing  and  daucing,  when  he  grasped  a  hand- 


16  HISTORY    OF    MONTGOMERY    COUNTY. 

full  of  hot  ashes,  and  scattering  them  into  the  air  with  a  horrid 
noise,  approached  the  patient  and  began  to  play  several  leger- 
demain tricks  with  small  bits  of  wood,  by  which  he  pretended 
to  be  able  to  restore  him  to  health."  The  principal  remedies  % 
used  by  the  Indians  in  curing  diseases  were,  such  as  rattlesnake 
root,  the  skins  of  rattlesnakes  dried  and  pulverized,  thorny  ash, 
toothache  tree,  tulip  tree,  dogwood,  wild  laurel,  sassafras,  elder, 
poison  ash,  winter  green,  liverwort,  Virginia  poke,  jalap,  sarsa- 
parilla,  Scobians  or  devil's  bit,  blood  wort,  cuckoopint,  and 
others.  Immediately  after  the  death  of  an  Indian  the  corpse 
was  dressed  in  a  new  suit,  with  the  face  and  shirt  painted  red, 
and  laid  upon  a  mat  ot  skin,  in  the  middle  of  the  hut.  The 
arms  and  effects  of  the  deceased  are  then  piled  up  near  the 
body;  in  the  evening,  soon  after  sunset,  and  in  the  morning, 
before  daybreak,  the  female  relations  and  friends  assemble 
around  the  corpse  to  mourn  over  it.  Their  lamentations  are 
loud  in  proportion  to  the  love  and  the  esteem  they  bore  the 
deceased,  or  to  his  rank,  or  the  pains  he  suffered  in  dying,  and 
they  are  daily  repeated  till  his  interment.  The  burying  places 
are  some  distance  from  the  dwellings.  The  graves  were  gene- 
rally dug  by  old  women,  as  the  young  people  abhorred  this  kind 
of  work.  Before  they  had  hatchets  and  other  tools,  they  used 
to  line  the  inside  of  the  grave  with  the  bark  of  trees;  but  after- 
wards they  usually  placed  three  boards,  not  nailed  together, 
over  the  grave  in  such  a  manner  that  the  corpse  lay  between 
them,  a  fourth  board  was  placed  as  a  cover,  and  then  the  grave 
was  tilled  with  earth.  Now  and  then  a  proper  coffin  was  pro- 
cured. The  language  of  the  two  tribes  had  an  agreeable  sound 
both  in  conversation  and  public  delivery,  although  there  was 
great  difference  between  the  two.  The  pronunciation,  say  those 
who  were  skilled  in  the  tongue,  was  quite  easy.  The  following 
is  the  Lord's  Prayer,  in  the  language  of  the  Piscataways. 

"Sougwaueha  caurounkyauga  leh  Sutaro  an  Saul  woney 
aoita,  es  a  sawaneyou  okettanhsela  ebueawoung,  na  carounky- 
auga  Wlgh  woiisliauga,  neallewehue  salauga  tangwouuant 
oranoatonghsick  tontaugwelee  wheyon  stoung  chencyent  cha- 
qnatant  aleywhey  oast  anna  thughsang  long  wassareuch  tawan 
tottenan  galonghtounga,  nysawne  Sascheautang  whss  conteh- 
sale  paungaekaw,  esa  sawauneyou,  esa  sashautzta,  esa  soung 
wasoung  cheuneaw  houugwa,  auwen." 


HISTORY   OP  MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  17 

Their  language  was  lofty,  yet  narrow,  somewhat  like  the 
Hebrew,  in  signification  full;  like  short-hand  in  writing,  one 
word  served  in  the  place  of  three,  and  the  rest  were  supplied  by 
the  understanding  of  the  hearer.  Their  language  was  also 
highly  figurative.  The  following  specimens  may  otter  an  idea 
of  their  metaphors:  "The  sky  is  overcast  with  dark,  blustering 
clouds,"  meaning  we  shall  have  troublesome  times;  we  shall 
have  war.  "We  shall  lift  up  the  hatchet,"— we  shall  have  war. 
"The  path  is  already  shut  up,"— war  has  began.  "The  rivers 
run  with  blood,"— war  rages  in  the  country.  "To  bury  the 
the  hatchet," — to  conclude  peace.  "You  did  not  make  me 
strong,"— you  gave  me  nothing.  "Look  this  way,"— join  our 
party.  "I  will  pass  one  night  yet  at  this  place,"— I  will  stay 
one  year  at  this  place. 


CHAPTER    III. 

The  Founder  of  Maryland.  Granting  of  the  Charter.  Powers 
conferred  by  the  Charter.  Sailing  of  the  Colonists.  Arrival  in 
the  Chesapeake  Bay.  Landing  on  Blaclciston  Island.  Settle- 
ment at  St.  Mary's.  Friendly  relations  secured  with  the 
Indians.  F.rtending  the  settlements  to  St.  George's  and  Mont- 
gomery. Peace  and  Prosperity-.  Missionaries.  A  period  of 
thirty  years. 

S  Sir  (borge  Calvert,  afterwards  Lord  Baltimore,  an  English 
gentleman  of  finished  education,  was  the  founder  of  Maryland. 
Being  one  of  the  principal  Secretaries  of  State  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  House  of  Commons,  he  always  maintained  the  rights 
and  interests  of  the  King,  who,  in  consideration  for  this  devo- 
tion, granted  him  a  charter  dated  the  20th  of  June,  1032.  The 
country  granted  by  this  charter  was  named  Maryland,  in  honor 
of  Queen  Henrietta  Maria. 

I  before  the  execution  of  this  patent  Lord  Baltimore  died,  and  his 
eldest  son,  Cecil,  having  inherited  his  father's  title  and  estate, 
succeeded  to  the  charter,  he  and  his  heirs,  becoming  absolute 
proprietors  of  Maryland.  The  Proprietary  had  full,  free  and 
absolute  power  to  enact  laws,  with  the  advice,  assent  and 
approbation  of  the  freemen  of  the  province.  The  Proprietary 
had  full  power  to  grant  to  his  colonists  such  tracts  of  land  as 
they  mighl  purchase.  Be  was  also  granted  the  license  and 
faculty  of  erecting  and  founding  churches,  chapels  and  places 
of  worship  in  convenient  and  suitable  places,  and  of  causing 
the  land  to  be  dedicated  according  to  the  laws  of  the  Kingdom 
of  England.  The  territories  described  by  the  charter  extended 
from  Watkins'  Point,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Potomac  River, 
v  northward  to  the  fortieth  degree  of  north  latitude,  and  from  the 
Atlantic  Ocean  and  Delaware  Bay  on  the  east,  to  the  Potomac 
River  on  the  west.  It  will  be  seen  that  this  included  a  part  of 
what  is  now  Pennsylvania  and  Delaware. 


HISTORY  OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  '  19 

As  soon  as  the  grant  was  obtained,  Cecil  Calvert  completed 
his  arrangements  for  the  establishment  of  a  colony.     Deeming 

that  the  interests  of  the  enterprise  demanded  his  remaining  in 
England,  he  confided  the  colony  to  his  brother,  Leonard  Cal-  ^ 
vert,  whom  he  constituted  Lieutenant  General  or  Governor. 
The  colony  consisting-  of  about  two  hundred  persons  embarked 
in  two  vessels,  the  Ark  and  the  Dove,  from  the  Isle  of  Wight 
on  the  22nd  of  November,  1633.  After  many  difficulties  and 
some  dangers,  these  two  vessels,  though  separated  by  storms 
on  the  ocean,  arrived  safely  off  Point  Comfort  in  Virginia,  on 
the  24th  of  February,  1634.  They  landed  on  the  25th  of  March 
on  an  island,  to  which  they  gave  the  name  of  St.  Clement's,  now 
Blackiston's. 

The  colonists  took  solemn  possession  of  Maryland  with  reli- 
gious services  conducted  according  to  the  usages  of  the  Roman 
Catholic  Church,  and  erected  a  cross  as  an  emblem  of  Christi- 
anity and  Civilization,  which  they  were  about  to  plant  on  these 
shores. 

In  order  to  make  further  discoveries,  Governor  Leonard 
Calvert  proceeded  up  the  Potomac,  near  to  the  place  now  called 
New  Marlboro',  where  there  was  an  Indian  village  governed  by 
Archihu,  uncle  to  the  King,  or  Werowance,  who  was  at  that 
time  an  infant.  When  the  Governor  asked  the  Indian  Chief  if 
he  were  willing  that  his  people  should  settle  in  this  country,  he 
replied,  "I  will  not  bid  you  go,  neither  will  I  bid  you  stay,  but 
you  may  use  your  own  discretion."  Using  this  discretion,  the 
Governor  concluded  it  was  not  safe  to  settle  so  high  .up^tlre 
river.  Be  explored  the  St.  George,  a  small  river  on  t]^'  north 
side  of  the  Potomac,  and  about  twelve  miles  from  the  mouth, 
anchored  at  the  village  oi'  the  Yoacomico  Indians.  The  Gover- 
nor explained  to  the  Chief,  or  Werowance,  his  object  in  coming 
to  his  country.  The  Werowance,  after  the  custom  of  the 
Indians,  made  but  little  answer  to  the  proposition  of  Governor 
Calvert;  but,  nevertheless,  hospitably  entertained  him  and  his 
companions,  giving  up  his  own  rude  bed  for  the  accommoda- 
tion of  the  Governor. 

Having  carefully  examined  the  surrounding  country,  and 
finding  it  possessed  of  many  advantages  which  rendered  it  an 
eligible  site,  Calvert  determined  to  commence  at  this  place,  his 
first  settlement.     The  ship  and  pinnace  which  he  had  left  at  St. 


20  HISTORY    OF    MONTGOMERY    COUNTY. 

Clement's  were  ordered  to  join  him  at  Yoacomico.  To  pre- 
pare the  way  for  a  peaceable  admission  into  the  country,  In- 
presented  the  Werowauce  and  principal  men  with  clothes,  axes, 
hoes  and  knives ;  in  return  for  which  they  granted  him  about 
thirty  miles  of  territory,  which  he  called  Augusta  Carolina, 
.  afterwards  the  County  of  St.  Mary's.  The  character  of  these 
presents  to  the  Werowance  indicates  the  desire  of  the  colonists 
to  introduce  among  the  savages  the  first  rudiments,  as  it  were, 
of  civilization — the  implements  of  agriculture. 

The  Indians  agreed  to  give  up  one-half  of  their  village  for 
the  immediate  accommodation  of  the  settlers,  including  one-half 
of  their  corn  grounds,  which  they  had  already  commenced  to 
plant.  Upon  the  27th  day  of  March,  1034,  the  Governor  took 
possession  of  the  place  and  named  the  town  St.  Mary's. 

The  Indians  lived  in  the  greatest  harmony  with  the  settlers, 
they  hunted  together  for  deer  and  turkeys,  while  the  women 
and  children  became  domesticated  in  the  families  of  the  Eng- 
lish. The  principles  of  Christianity  and  philanthropy  always 
governed  the  colonists  in  their  treatment  of  the  savages. 
Earnest  and  persistent  efforts  were  made  to  teach  them  reli- 
gious truth  and  the  arts  of  civilized  life,  while  their  territorial 
and  personal  rights  were  scrupulously  respected.  The  rights 
of  the  aborigines  were  purchased  for  a  consideration  which 
gave  them  satisfaction.  While  no  rewards  were  offered  for 
Indian  scalps,  they  gave  them  words  and  acts  of  love  and 
mercy. 

The  relations  that  existed  between  the  natives  and  the 
settlers  continued  to  be  friendly  until  William  Clayborne, 
called  by  historians  the  Evil  Genius  of  the  colony,  excited  the 
fears  and  jealousies  of  the  Indians,  by  persuading  them  that 
the  new  comers  were  not  English,  but  Spaniards,  the  enemies 
of  the  English.  The  simple  natives  believed  him  and  suddenly 
withdrew  from  St.  Mary's. 

The  settlers  fearing  a  hostile  attack,  postponed  the  building 
of  their  own  houses,  and  erected  a  block-house' or  fortification, 
regulating  their  conduct  in  the  meantime  towards  the  savages. 
so  as  to  re-awaken  the  old  feelings  of  confidence  and  intimacy. 
The  natives  became  convinced  of  the  falsehood  of  the  insinua- 
tions against  the  settlers,  and  again  resorted  to  the  colony. 
The  land  was  divided  among  the  settlers  under  the  instructions 


HISTORY    OF    MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  21 

of  the  Proprietary.]  Owing  to  the  dangers  both  from  the  savages 
and  their  own  countrymen  from  Kent  Island  and  Virginia,  the 
colonists  were  nor  disposed  to  extend  their  settlements  beyond 
the  limits  of  St.  Mary's.  Lots  of  five  and  ten  acres,  within  the 
city,  were  granted  to  all  who  might  apply  for  them,  while  tracts 
ranging  from  one  hundred  to  three  thousand  acres  were  granted 
to  those  persons  applying.  A  rent  of  twenty  shillings  for  every 
thousand  acres  was  reserved  for  the  Proprietary. 

The  settlements  continued  to  grow  and  prosper ;  already  the 
plantations  had  extended  to  the  west  side  of  St.  George's  River, 
and  large  accessions  were  being  added  from  the  northern 
country.  New  hundreds — or  divisions  similar  to  our  election 
districts — were  erected. 

The  two  missionaries  who  accompanied  the  colony  confined 
their  efforts  to  converting  the  Indians  who  were  friendly  with 
the  settlers.  As  the  colony  increased  new  missionaries  arrived 
from  England,  and  immediately  began  to  penetrate  into  the 
interior  and  visit  every  tribe  and  village.  The  Indians  at 
Patnxent  received  them  very  kindly  and  bestowed  upon  them  a 
plantation  called  St.  Mattopany  on  the  Patnxent,  where  a  mis- 
sionary station  and  store  house  were  immediately  erected. 
Three  men  travelled  in  a  boat,  subsisted  by  hunting,  and  at 
night  slept  under  cover  of  a  slight  tent.  In  five  years  they  had 
extended  them  throughout  the  greater  part  of  the  province. 
They  visited  many  tribes  and  made  many  converts.  They  had 
four  permanent  stations,  the  most  distant  of  which  was  one 
hundred  and  fifty  miles,  located  on  the  Monocacy  River,  near 
where  the  City  of  Frederick  now  stands.  Another  was  on  the 
Patnxent  River,  near  where  Triadelphia  is  located. 

The  conversion  and  baptism  of  Tayac,  the  chief  of  the  Piseata- 
ways,  the  most  extensive  and  powerful  tribe  in  Maryland,  was 
the  cause  of  considerable  rejoicing  among  the  colonists.  The 
chief  was  taken  violently  sick,  and  the  forty  medicine  men  that 
surrounded  him  failed  with  all  their  arts  of  conjuring  to  cure 
him,  one  of  the  missionaries  obtained  permission  to  treat  him 
and  soon  restored  him  to  health. 

Tayac  after  this  abandoned  the  habits  and  dress  of  the  savage 
and  adopted  that  of  the  English,  and  learned  their  language. 
What  is  Prince  George's  County v  now  was  rapidly  settled, 
emigrants   moving   up    the    Potomac    and    Patuxent    Rivers. 


22  HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

t\  Frederick  County  embraced  all  that  section  of  country  lying 
west  of  a  line  drawn  from  the  mouth  of  Kock  Creek  to  the 
Patuxent  River,  which  had  formerly  been  embraced  within  the 
limits  of  Prince  George's.  Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  what  now 
constitutes  Montgomery  County  belonged  to  Frederick  County 
in  the  early  settlement  of  the  colonies.  The  earliest  settlement 
'  within  the  limits  of  Montgomery  commenced  in  the  year  1650, 
by  Robert  Brooke,  who  founded  a  Protestant  settlement  of 
forty  persons,  including  his  wife  and  ten  children,  at  Delia 
Brooke  on  the  Patuxent  River^JDuring  the  next  thirty  years 
peace  and  prosperity  reigned  throughout  the  province.  Persons 
of  wealth  and  distinction  sought  the  new  world  for  enlarged 
and  unoccupied  fields  in  which  to  employ  their  wealth  and 
talents,  while  those  who  were  proscribed  for  their  political  or 
religious  opinions,  were  eager  to  abandon  the  shores  of  their 
native  land  and  seek  homes  in  this,  the  Eldorado  of  the  West. 
When  it  is  remembered  that  steamships  were  then  unknown, 
with  no  submarine  cable  to  flash  along  its  electric  wire  the 
intelligence  of  weal  or  woe  to  friends  at  home,  and  an  equally 
wild  and  trackless  wilderness  before  them,  the  abode  of  wild 
beasts  and  savage  men,  is  it  not  indeed  wonderful  to  contem- 
plate the  progress  of  settlement  in  the  American  colonics.' 
Still,  amid  all  these  dangers  and  difficulties,  they  subdued  the 
wilderness,  founded  communities,  erected  town  and  cities,  and 
in  a  little  more  than  two  hundred  years,  have  founded  an 
Empire  that  wields  a  sceptre  equal  to  the  combined  powers  of 
the  East. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

Climate  and  Productions.  Tobacco  and  Corn,  staple  productions. 
Oysters,  Game  and  Fish.  Indentured  Whites.  Slaves  intro- 
duced from  Virginia.  Tobacco  the  medium  of  barter  and  ex- 
change. Tobacco  shipments.  Silver  coins.  Fruit  and  Cider. 
Mails.     Quakers  or  Friends.     Indians.     Toleration. 

The  climate  and  beneficent  laws  that  governed  the  colony  of 
Maryland  continued  to  attract  immigration,  and  the  number  of 
counties  continued  to  increase.  They  speedily  made  clearings 
in  the  forest,  and  reduced  the  land  to  cultivation.  Tobacco  and 
corn  were  the  principal  articles  cultivated.  Great  attention  was 
paid  to  fruit;— while  the  waters  of  the  bay  and  rivers  furnished 
the  greatest  of  delicacies,  oysters,  wild  ducks  and  fish.  The 
people  were  planters  and  farmers,  and  there  were  no  influences 
to  draw  the  people  together,  like  in  towus  and  cities,  but  left 
the  people  free  to  lay  the  foundation  of  that  peculiar  domestic 
life  which  has  always  been  the  characteristic  and  charm  of  Mary- 
land. Slavery  was  introduced  from  Virginia,  and  superseded 
the  white  servants  that  were  so  frequently  to  be  found  in  the 
early  days  of  the  colony.  These  were  white  emigrants,  who, 
wanting  the  means  to  emigrate,  apprenticed  their  time,  for  a 
certain  period,  to  those  who  would  bear  that  expense.  This 
was  made  a  matter  of  barter.  Usually  the  captain  of  a  ship 
would  bring  out  a  party  of  emigrants,  taking  an  indenture  from 
the  emigrant,  instead  of  passage  money,  for  which  he  agreed  to 
serve  for  a  given  time.  On  the  arrival  of  the  ships  with  such 
emigrants,  their  unexpired  time  was  sold  to  the  highest  bidder; 
the  price  was  paid  in  tobacco,  which  was  at  that  time  the  cur- 
rency of  the  province.  The  cultivation  of  tobacco  claimed  the 
attention  of  almost  every  one;  it  was  the  great  bonanza  of  the 
times,  and  hundreds  of  ships  were  employed  in  its  transportation 
abroad.  There  was  no  money  in  general  use  at  this  time,  and 
trade  was  conducted  through  the  medium  of  barter,  or  the 


24  HISTORY   OF    MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

exchange  of  one  commodity  for  another.  In  1650,  silver  coins 
were  issued  by  the  Proprietary,  of  various  denominations,  hav- 
ing Lord  Baltimore's  arms  on  one  side,  while  on  the  other  was 
the  motto,  Crescite  et  Multiplicamini.  Very  little  of  this  coin 
came  into  general  circulation;  tobacco  bad  become  the  common 
currency  of  the  province — one  pound  of  it  being  equal  to  three 
pence  English  money.  It  was  made  a  legal  tender,  at  one 
penny  a  pound,  in  173-!. 

The  luxuries  of  the  present  day  were  unknown;  they  sat 
upon  stones  and  benches;  the  back  of  the  bench  was  so  con- 
structed that  it  could  be  turned  up,  and  form  the  top  for  a  table, 
around  which  sat  the  hardy  pioneers,  after  the  toils  and  excite- 
ments of  the  day,  consequent  upon  the  life  of  a  frontiersman, 
drank  their  cider  and  sack,  in  lieu  of  coffee  and  tea,  which  were 
seldom  used.  Apples  and  peaches  were  raised  in  great  abund- 
ance ;  two  or  three  varieties  of  white  apples  were  cultivated  for 
summer  use,  while  long  stem,  red,  red  streak,  and  black  red 
streak  were  the  principal  varieties  in  use  for  autumn  and  winter. 
Communication  was  had,  in  the  absence  of  post  roads  and 
mail  facilities,  by  sending  letters  through  private  hands,  and  it 
is  astonishing  with  what  rapidity  a  letter  or  communication 
would  travel  through  these  sparsely  settled  communities.  Each 
and  every  one  of  the  settlers  were  alike  interested  in  the  prompt 
and  safe  delivery  of  the  letters  intrusted  to  their  care  to  for- 
ward, and  woidd  often  leave  their  work  and  mount  the  fastest 
horse  on  the  plantation,  and  speed  to  the  next  settlement,  where 
it  would  again  be  taken  in  charge,  and  in  a  like  manner  for- 
warded to  the  next  settlement  or  plantation,  and  so  on  until  it 
reached  the  person  for  whom  it  was  directed;  in  this  way  letters 
travelled  fifty  and  sixty  miles  in  the  course  of  twenty-four 
hours,  rivalling,  in  point  of  time,  the  delivery  by  some  of  the 
local  mails  at  the  present  time. 

Travelling  was  done  on  horseback  by  land,  while  canoes  or 
small  boats  were  brought  into  requisition  when  it  was  desirable 
or  expedient  to  travel  by  water. 

The  Quakers,  or  Friends  as  they  are  called,  found   in  this 
province  a  refuge  and  home  from  their  persecutors.     In  the 
province  of  Massachusetts,  laws  had  been   passed  that  pro 
scribed  them  as  a  u  Cursed  Sect."    They  were  imprisoned  "with- 
out bail,"  and  sentenced  to  banishment  upon  "pain  of  death." 


HISTORY   OF  MONTGOMERY  COUNTY.  25 

They  were  to  be  maimed,  whipped,  and  "men  or  women  to  have 
their  tongues  bored  through  with  a  red  hot  iron."  These  perse- 
cutions led  George  Fox,  a  zealous  leader,  to  come  to  Maryland; 
being  delighted  with  the  country  and  realizing  the  fact,  that  the 
laws  and  liberal  policy  of  the  province  placed  no  restrictions 
upon  religious  liberty,  he  remained  in  the  colony  and  preached 
the  doctrines  of  his  sect,  both  to  the  settlers  and  the  natives, 
Indian  chiefs  and  their  subjects.  The  members  of  the  Legisla- 
ture and  the  Council,  men  of  distinction,  justices  of  the  peace, 
and  even  the  heir  of  the  Proprietary  himself  came  to  listen  to 
him  preach.  Maryland  was  indeed,  to  the  Friends,  the  Land  of 
Promise.  Whatever  difficulties  they  may  have  had  with  the 
government  came  from  refusal  to  perform  military  duty,  and 
their  rejection  of  oaths;  but  they  were  subsequently  relieved 
even  of  these  requirements.  They  established  settlements  or 
meetings  through  St.  George's  and  Montgomery  Counties,  and 
accomplished  a  great  deal  towards  promoting  the  material 
development  and  intellectual  advancement  of  the  country.  The 
first  house  built  by  the  Friends  in  Montgomery  County,  was  by  | 
James  Brooke,  on  "Brooke  Grove,"  granted  in  1728/  Here 
Friends  gathered  in  sufficient  numbers  to  establish  a  flourishing 
meeting,  and,  a  little  more  than  a  century  ago,  they  took  a 
step  that  distinguished  them  from  surrounding  communities,  by 
the  emancipation  of  their  slaves.  The  house  is  occupied  at 
present  by  William  J.  Schofield.  By  their  patient  industry  and 
perseverance,  combined  with  their  intellectual  culture,  social 
intercourse,  agricultural  knowledge,  their  fidelity  to  the  princi- 
ples of  moral  truth  and  human  advancement,  the  Quakers  have 
left  an  impress  upon  the  character  of  the  whole  people,  which 
has  given  an  emulating  stimulus  to  their  aims  and  energies, 
which  will  be  in  powerful  and  unabated  operation,  when  the 
marble  and  bronze,  that  now  commemorates  less  meritorious 
achievements,  shall  have  disappeared  under  the  corroding  influ- 
ences of  the  march  of  time. 

During  this  time  the  aborigines  and  the  colonists  were  living 
side  by  side  upon  terms  of  the  greatest  friendship. 

The  CbesapeakeV  had  disappeared  entirely  from  Maryland, 

and  the  remnant  of  the  tribe  had  removed  to  the  banks  of  the 

Elizabeth  River,  in  Virginia,  under  the  protcetion  and  dominion 

of  the  Powhatans.     The  Yoacomicos  still  lived  upon  the  St. 

3 


26  HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

Mary's  Kiver,  and  had  become  mostly  domesticated  with  the 
settlers.  The  Susquehannocks,  at  the  head  of  the  Chesapeake 
r.;iy,  who  were  at  some  distance  from  the  colonists,  and  less 
under  the  influence  of  the  whites  than  the  Toacomicos,  with 
whom  they  were  at  enmity,  and  constantly  at  war.  gave  the 
settlers  some  trouble;  but  as  the  pioneers  were  constantly  push- 
ing their  discoveries  and  explorations  northward  and  westward, 
and  as  the  stream  of  emigration  continued  to  pour  into  the 
colony  from  all  parts  of  Europe,  but  more  especially  the  English, 
Scotch  and  Welsh,  the  Indians  were  compelled  to  withdraw 
from  the  homes  of  their  fathers,  and  seek  new  hunting  grounds 
towards  the  setting  sun. 

The  Piscataways  and  Anaeostians,  under  the  fostering  care  of 
the  settlers,  and  the  wise  and  beneficent  teachings  of  the  mission- 
aries, were  fast  becoming  civilized  and  adopting  the  habits  of 
the  whites.  Their  ideas  of  civilization  seemed  to  centre  in  the 
possession  of  a  hat.  When  once  the  Indian  consented  to  wear  a 
hat,  it  was  prima  facie  evidence  that  the  Indian  heart  had  been 
changed,  and  his  savage  instincts  converted  from  the  war-path 
and  the  chase,  to  those  of  a  more  modern  and  civilized  charac- 
ter. Among  the  numerous  cases  of  the  Indians1  friendship 
towards  the  first  settlers,  the  following  incident  will  illustrate 
the  friendly  feelings  existing  among  the  Piscataways  for  the 
whites.  Madam  Perrie,'  her  three  sons  and  son-in  law  left 
Europe  in  1695,  and  commenced  a  settlement  on  the  Patuxent 
River,  near  where  Magruder's  Ferry  is  now  located.  As  they 
were  journeying  along  on  the  evening  of  a  summer's  day,  they 
reached  the  verge  of  a  hill  commanding  a  view  of  the  valley  of 
the  Potomac.  It  was  a  beautiful  woodland  scene;  a  vast  forest 
stretching  along  as  far  as  the  eye  could  reach,  inhabited  by  wild 
beasts  and  birds  of  prey.  No  indication  of  civilized  man  was 
anywhere  near;  scattered  along  the  banks  of  tin1  river,  amidst 
the  dark  green  hazel,  could  be  discovered  the  Indian  wigwams, 
the  smoke  issuing  therefrom  in  its  spiral  form.  No  sound  was 
heard  but  the  songs  of  the  birds;  in  silence  they  contemplated 
the  beautiful  prospect  which  nature  presented  to  their  view. 
Suddenly  a  number  of  Indians  darted  from  the  woods — the 
females  shrieked — when  an  Indian  advanced,  mid,  in  broken 

English,  said  to  Madame  IVrrie,  "Indian  no  harm  white — white 
good  to  Indian — go  to  Mattawoma — our  chief — come  to  Matta- 


HISTORY    OF    MONTGOMERY    COUNTY.  27 

woma."'  Pew  were  the  words  of  the  Indian.  They  went  with 
him  to  Mattawoma's  cabin;  and  Blattawoma,  wirli  the  humanity 
that  distinguished  the  Indians  of  that  tribe,  gave  up  to  the 
immigrants  his  wigwam.  The  next  day  he  conveyed  them  to 
the  Indian  village  of  Piscataway,  which  was  fifteen  miles  below, 
Where  now  stands  Washington,  and  at  the  month  of  Piscata- 
way  Creek,  where  resided  their  Chief,  Tayac,  to  whom  he  intro- 
duced the  madame  and  her  retinue.  The  chief  entertained 
them  in  regal  style  and  splendor,  and  gave  them  permission  to 
settle  in  any  portion  of  his  dominions.  1  taring  the  entire  subse- 
quent history  of  the  province,  no  aggressive  war  was  ever  waged 
by  her  people  against  the  Indians.  They  dwelt  together  in 
peace  and  amity,  until  the  latter  either  emigrated  to  the  West, 
or  lost  their  identity  as  a  people  by  absorption.  Some  unim- 
portant conflicts  took  place  with  the  Indians  during  the  pro- 
gress of  the  settlements.  These  were  principally  to  repel  the 
inroads  of  hostile  tribes  from  beyond  her  borders,  but  none 
could  be  dignified  as  wars. 

Such  consideration  had  our  forefathers  for  the  rights  of  these 
people,  that  when  the  Senecas,  a  tribe  of  the  Six  Nations,  who 
came  from  the  State  of  New  York,  invaded  their  ten  itory,  under 
a  claim  of  doubtful  right  to  a  portion  of  its  soil,  instead  of 
repulsing  the  hostile  incursion  and  driving  them  back  to  their 
homes,  they  appointed  commissioners  to  settle  the  dispute,  and 
purchased  their  alleged  claim  for  three  hundred  pounds  sterling. 
The  colony  having  respected  the  rights  of  the  original  owners 
of  the  soil,  exercised  the  same  justice  and  forbearance  towards 
their  European  brethren,  who  came  and  settled  among  them. 

Although  religions  toleration  had  been  declared  by  the  Pro- 
prietary as  one  of  the  fundamental  principles  of  the  social  union 
over  which  he  presided;  yet.  in  order  to  give  the  principle  the 

sanction  of  authority,  the  Assembly  proceeded  to  incorporate  it 

in  the  laws  of  the  province.  It  was  enacted,  thai  no  person, 
professing  to  believe  in  Jesus  Christ,  should  be  molested  in 
respect  to  his  religion,  or  the  free  exercise  thereof:   and  that  any 

one  who  should  reproach  his  neighbor  with  opprobrious  names, 

of  religions  distinction,  should  pay  a  tine  To  the  person  insulted. 

Thus  it  will  be  seen  that   Maryland  was  the  fust  province  in 

which  religions  toleration  was  established  by  law.  While  .it 
this  very  period  the  Puritans  were  persecuting  their  Protestant 


28  HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

brethren  in  New  England,  and  the  Episcopalians  were  retorting 
with  the  same  severity  on  the  Puritans  in  Virginia,  there  was 
forming,  in  Maryland,  a  sanctuary  where  all  might  worship, 
and  none  might  oppress;  and  where  even  Protestants  sought 
refuge  from  Protestant  intoleranee. 

Annapolis,  which  had  been  erected  into  a  port  of  entry  in 
1683,  was  made  the  seat  of  government  in  1691.  For  a  period 
of  forty  years  the  colony  enjoyed  almost  undisturbed  tranquillity. 
The  only  troubles  were  contests  between  the  Governor  and 
Council,  who  formed  the  upper  house,  and  the  delegates  of  the 
people  in  the  lower  house.  These  struggles  were  the  germ  of 
that  mighty  contest  in  which  the  liberties  of  the  people  were 
finally  secured. 


CHAPTER   V. 

Land  Grants. 

Joseph's  Park:  CirVs  Portion.  Leelce  Forest.  Hermitage.  8t. 
Winexburg.  Carroll's  Forest.  Ban.  BrightwelUs  Hunting 
Quarter.  Glean  Drinking.  Bear  Week.  Maiden's  Fancy. 
Bear  Bacon.  Friendship.  Charles  and  Thomas.  Friendship. 
Clagetfs  Purchase.  Huntington.  Contention.  Bradford's 
Rest.  Addition  to  Bradford's  Rest.  Bradford's  Rest.  thing 
Hill.  Thompson's  Hop  Yard.  Cool  Spring  Level.  Allison's 
Pari:  Archibald's  Lot.  Younger  Brother.  BispufF.  Tiro 
Brothers.  The  Exchange.  The  New  Exchange,  Addition  to 
Dan.    -Joseph  and  dames. 

The  general  progress  of  settlement  in  what  is  now  Mont- 
gomery Oouniy,  was  to  the  north  and  westward,  a  course  which 
has  uniformly  been  pursued  in  every  State  and  community  since 

the  earliest  history.     Among  the  first  of  recorded   patents  is 

that  of 

Joseph's  Park,  and  was  granted  to  William  Joseph,  May 
20th,  L689,  containing  four  thousand  two  hundred  and  twenty 
acres.  This  tract  lies  on  the  east  side  of  Rock  Creek  and  em- 
braces Knowles*  Station,  Forest  Glen  Station  and  Linden  Sta- 
tion, including  the  farms  of  Alfred  Ray,  William  A.  Batchelor, 
and  Carroll's  or  Si.  John's  Chapel.  The  Brookville  ami  Wash- 
ington Turnpike  passes  through  it,  from  Augustus  Burgdorfs 
farm  nearly  to  ('.race  Church. 

Girl's  Portion.  This  was  surveyed  for  Colonel  Henry 
^  -Dnlanev.in  L688.     Extends  from  Rock  Creek,  eastward,  to  <>. 

ty  n    1'.  Clark's  farm,  three  and  three-eighths  miles.     The  Ashton 

and  Sli-o  Turnpike  passes  through  the  tract.  The  Silver  Spring 
Farm,  the  estate  of  the  late  F.  P.  Blair,  and  the  residence  of 
the   Hon.  Montgomery  Blair,'  includes  a  portion  of  the  tract; 

also,  the  Silver  Spring  Station  and  Sli^o.  The  Brookville  and 
Washington  Turnpike  crosses  it. 


30  HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 


* 

/ 


I^eeke  Forest.    This  additional  tract  of  seven  hundred  and 

ten  acres,  was  also  surveyed  for  Colonel  Henry  iTHnlanoyj  in 

1688.  It  lies  west  of  "Joseph's  Park,"  on  the  west  side  of  Rock 
Creek,  and  extends  west  one  and  seven-eighths  miles.  The 
Rockville  and  Georgetown  Turnpike  passes  through  it.  The 
farms  of  the  late  Samuel  Perry  and  William  Hudlestou,  on  the 
old  Georgetown  road,  and  Bethesda  Church  are  included  within 
its  limits. 

Hermitage.  Granted  to  William  Joseph,  May  2nd,  1689, 
for  three  thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixty-six  acres.  This 
grant  lies  on  the  east  side  of  Pock  Creek  and  adjoins  "Joseph's 
Park"  on  the  north,  and  extending  from  Tier's  Mill  to  the  inter- 
section of  the  Rockville  and  Washington  Turnpike  with  the 
Union  Turnpike  Company's  road.  The  Brook ville  and  Wash- 
ington Turnpike  passes  through  it  from  the  V  itery  Branch  to 
one-fourth  of  a  mile  south  of  Mitchell's  Gross  Roads.  The  City 
road,  from  Rockville  to  Washington  passes  through  it,  from 
Graves'  farm  to  Aug.  Purgdovf's  farm,  at  the  intersection  of  the 
Brookville  and  Washington  Turnpike.  The  Norwood  Turnpike 
traverses  the  tract  from  Kemp's  store  to  Lyddane's  farm,  or  its 
intersection  with  the  Brookville  and  Washington  Turnpike.  It 
embraces  many  line  farms  -Mid  elegant  residences.  Lying  to 
the  east  of  "Hermitage"  is 

St.  Winexlmrg,  surveyed  for  John  Woodcock,  May  3rd, 
1689,  for  five  hundred  acres,  extending  from  the  North-west 
branch  at  Kemp's  Mill,  westward  one  and  one-half  miles  west  of 
the  Brookville  and  Washington  Turnpike.  The  road  from 
Kemp's  Mill  to  Lyddane's  farm  and  the  Norwood  Turnpike 
passes  through  it.  This  grant  includes  the  estate  of  the  late 
William    Pierce.      Immediately  north  of  "St.  Winexburg"  is 

located 

Carroll's  Forest,  granted  to  Charles  Carroll,  May  3rd,  1689, 

consisting  of  live  hundred  acres.  This  tract  was  conveyed  May 
3rd,  17'.) I.  by  Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton,  to  .John  Connelly. 
On  the  west  side  of  Pock  ('seek,  north  of  "Leeke  1'orest."  and 
wrest  of  ••  Hermitage,"  is  a  tract  called 

PaPy,  granted  Thomas  Brooke,  September  6th,  L694,  for  three 
thoiSfnd  six  hundred  and  ninety-sewn  acres,  extending  from 
Rock  Creek,  one  and  a  half  miles  west,  and  up  the  creek  north, 

two  and  seven-eighths  of  a  mile.    The  Georgetown  Turnpike 


HISTORY    OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  31 

passes  over  it  from  Mr.  Codwise's  farm  to  that  of  the  late 
Samuel  Perry.  The  year  following,  attracted  no  doubt  by  the 
fertility  of  the  bottom  lauds  lying  on  the  banks  of  the  Potomac, 
Richard  Brightwell,  with  a  more  adventurous  spirit  than  any 
of  the  previous-  settlers,  and  actuated  by  a  noble  impulse, 
■  Minded  the  Potomac  River  above  the  mouth  of  the  Great 
Seneca,  and  sought  to  establish  a  settlement  far  from  his  neigh- 
bors, where  he  and  his  friends  could  enjoy  the  pleasure  and 
excitements  of  fishing  and  hunting.  Here  could  be  found  in 
abundance,  buffaloes,  bears,  wolves  and  deer;  the  Sugar  Loaf 
Mountain  and  the  chain  of  hills  that  extend  to  the  Monocacy 
River,  affording  them  ample  shelter  and  protection  from  the 
skill  and  pursuit  of  the  wily  hunter.  He  located  his  grant 
between  Edward's  Ferry  and  the  mouth  of  the  Great  Seneca, 
and  named  it 

BrightwcU's  Hunting  Quarter,  patented  August  29th, 
1695,  and  contained  one  thousand  and  eighty-six  acres.  It  ex- 
tended for  about  four  miles  along  the  Potomac  Eiver,  and  is 
now  traversed  its  entire  length  by  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio 
(.'anal.  The  beginning  of  this  tract  was  destroyed  in  the  con- 
struction of  the  canal,  but  a  suitable  stone  was  planted  in  its 
stead  at  the  bottom  of  the  canal,  which  is  known  onl\  to  a  few 
persons.  Leaving  Mr.  Brightwell  with  his  dogs  and  guns,  to 
enjoy  himself  to  the  best  of  his  ability,  for  the  next  twenty- 
five  years  the  course  of  settlements  on  Rock  Creek,  continued 
west  of  the  Creek.  Located  west  of  ''Joseph's  Park,"  and 
south  of  "Leeke  Forest,"  is  situated 

Clean  Drinking,  patented  to  John  Coats,  October  1st, 
1699,  for  seven  hundred  acres.  This  tract  extends  down  Rock 
Creek  to  Jones'  Bridge.  Walter  0.  Jones  established  a  mill  on 
this  survey,  and  leaves  his  epitaph  upon  an  old  stone  that  still 
remains  a  living  monument  of  his  folly.  The  inscription,  though 
Somewhal  defaced  by  time,  is  still  legible,  it  reads: 

-"  Here  lies  the  body  and  bones 
Of  old  Walter  C.  Jones; 
By  his  not  thinking, 
Ho  lost  '  Clean  Drinking,' 
And  by  his  shallow  pate, 
He  lost  his  vast  estate.'' 


32  HISTORY   OP  MONTGOMERY    COUNTY. 

Following  the  settlements  on  Rock  Creek,  conies  those  upon 
the  Patuxent  River. 

Bear  Neck,  granted  Benjamin  Williams,  March  26th,  1700, 
for  one  hundred  and  fifty  acres.  Adjacent  to  this,  and  lying  to 
the  south,  is 

Msi idoii's  Fancy,  to  Neal  Clark,  surveyed  September  11th, 
1700,  for  five  hundred  and  eighty  acres.  This  tract  is  situated 
in  the  south-east  coiner  of  the  County,  and  the  intersection  of 
the  Patuxent.     Two  miles  above  on  the  river,  is 

Bear  Bacon,  .surveyed  for  Mark  Richardson,  June  24th, 
1703,  containing  six  hundred  acres.  The  Ashton  and  Laurel 
road  passes  through  this  tract  from  the  cemetery  to  Liberty 
Grove  school-house.  The  next  settlements  made  in  the  County 
were  located  in  the  south-western  part,  between  Rock  Creek  and 
the  Potomac  River. 

Friendship,  patented  to  Thomas  Addison  and  James  Stod- 
dart,  December  1st,  1711,  for  three  thousand  one  hundred  and 
twenty-four  acres.  Tliis  land  extends  from  near  the  Potomac 
and  below  Edmund  Brooke's  farm,  a  south-easterly  and  easterly 
direction  across  the  Georgetown  Turnpike,  north  of  Tenally- 
town.  and  up  the  pike,  north-westerly,  near  to  Bethesda  post 
office,  and  contains  many  rich  and  valuable  farms;  Allison 
Sailor's  lands,  and  the  farms  of  Richard  Williams,  Henry 
v  Loughborough,  and  others.  The  river  road  passes  through 
from  Rider's  farm  to  near  Tenallytown.  Adjoining,  and  on  the 
east,  lies  y 

Charles  and  Thomas,  surveyed  for  Charles  Beale  and 
Thomas  Fletchall,  April  8th,  1715,  containing  four  hundred 
and  nineteen  acres.  The  road  from  Tenallytown  to  Jones' 
Bridge,  runs  through  the  land.  On  the  north,  and  west  of 
"Friendship,"  lies  another  tract,  called 

Friendship,  for  Thomas  Beale  <md  Gharlm  Fletchall,  May 
2nd,  171."),  for  one  thousand  three  hundred  and  sixty-eighl  acres. 
This  tract  extends  from  the  farms  of  L.  A.  Lodge,  in  a  aorth- 
easl  course  as  far  as  0.  W.  Lansdale's  farm. 

Clagett's  Purchase,  surveyed  for  Thomas  Fletchall.  April 
10th,   1715,   containing   seven    hundred  and   seventy-two  acres, 

and  situated  west  of  "Clean  Drinking,'' and  south  of  "Leeke 
Forest."    The  Georgetown  Turnpike  crosses  the  tract  from  the 


HISTORY   OF  MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  33 

branch  below  Bethesda  Church,  to  nearly  its  intersection  with 
the  old  Georgetown  road.    Immediately  west  of  this,  is 

Huntington,  surveyed  for  Thomas  Fletchall,  December 
10th,  1715,  comprising  three  hundred  and  seven  acres.  It  is 
divided  by  the  old  Georgetown  road.  West  of  "Beekc  Forest," 
and  west  of  "Huntington,"  comes 

Contention,  granted  to  William  Fitz  Redman,  February 
5th,  1715,  containing  six  hundred  and  twenty  acres,  embracing 
the  farms  of  Mr.  Yeabower,  and  others.  North  of  "Hermitage'' 
and  east  of  Eock  Creek,  is  found 

Bradford's  Rest,  granted  to  Major  John  Bradford,  June 
3rd,  1713,  comprising  two  thousand  six  hundred  and  fifty  eight 
acres.     Adjacent,  and  on  the  west,  lies  the 

Addition  to  Bradford's  Rest,  granted  to  Major  John 
Bradford,  September  20th,  1715,  for  five  hundred  and  eighty- 
four  acres.  And  again,  the  same  lands  re-surveyed,  with  lands 
added,  and  called 

Bradford's  Rest,  for  Major  John  Bradford,  June  10th, 
1718,  containing  four  thousand  eight  hundred  and  ninety-two 
acres.  This  tract  extends  up  KockjCreek,  north,  as  far  as  Wil- 
liam E.  Mnncaater's  farm,  and  east,  as  far  as  the  late  Roger 
Brooke's  farm.  The  road  from  Bockville  to  Baltimore  inns 
through  the  grant,  from  William  S.  Brooke's  farm  to  Granville 
Stabler's  farm,  three  and  one-half  miles;  and  the  Brookville 
and  Washington  Turnpike  runs  through  it  from  QearfHiggins' 
Tavern,  nearly  to  Ranies'  stord  The  lands  embrace  many  ele- 
gant farms,  including  those  of  Phdij>  JUilev,  Charles  Abert, 
the  late  Roger  Brooke,  A.  K.  WadSworth,  William  8.  Brooke, 
Hon.  Allen  Bowie  Davis.  A.  H.  Heir,  and  others. 

The  streams  and  water  courses  seem  to  have  attracted  the 
attention  of  the  early  settlers,  as  is  proven  by  the  location  of  the 
grants.  First  comes  Rock  Creek,  and  then  North-Wesl  branch 
which   was  the  next  point  selected  by  the  emigrants,  followed 

by  the  settlements  along  the  Patuxent;  after  this  come  Watts' 
Branch  and  Bawling's  Biver.  The  first  on  Watts'  Branch,  was 
Bung  Hill,  surveyed  for  Walter  Evans,  August  LOth,  1715, 
containing  five  hundred  and  thirty-six  acres.  It  was  situated  on 
the  Potomac,  at  the  month  of  Watts'  Branch.  The  Chesapeake 
and  Ohio  Canal  runs  through  it,  as  does  also  the  river  road,  from 


34  HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

near  Watts'  Branch  to  Cornell's  farm.  Immediately  below  this 
grant,  lying  along  the  Potomac,  comes 

Thompsons  Hop  Yard,    patented   by  John   Thompson," 
December  8th,  1715,  and  which  embraced  oue  hundred   acres. 
This  is  but  a  short  distance  above  the  Great  Falls. 

Cool  Spring  L.evel,  to  Archibald  Edmonston,  April  28th, 

1717,  containing  five  hundred  and  ninety-two  acres.  This  tract 
is  situated  on  the  road  from  Offutt's  Cross  Roads  to  the  Great 
Falls.     On  the  north  of  this  road, 

Allison's  Park,  surveyed  for  John  Allison,  June  10th, 
1715,  einbraeing^six  hundred  and  twenty  acres,  and  lying  south 
of  Watts'  Branch.     Adjacent  to  this, 

Archibald's  Lot,   granted  to  James   Moore,  March   17th, 

1718.  This  tract  lies  ou  the  road  from  Eockville  to  the  Great 
Falls,  and  contained  one  hundred  acres,  and  is  embraced  in  the 
farm  of  Jacob  Miller. 

Younger  Brother.  This  tract  lies  west  of  Watts'  Branch, 
and  was  surveyed  for  William  Offutt,  August  21st,  1717,  and 
contained  six  hundred  acres,  and  comprises  the  farms  of  Wil- 
liam Viers  and  Joseph  T.  Bailey.     Following  this,  comes 

Dispute,  lying  on  the  head-waters  of  Watts'  Branch,  sur- 
veyed for  Charles  and  William  Beall,  January  10th,  1710,  con- 
taining six  hundred  and  seventy  acres.  An  older  tract  then  lies 
to  the  east  of  this,  and  is  called  the 

Two  Brothers,  comprising  twelve  hundred  acres,  through 
which  passes  Watts'  Branch  and  the  road  from  Eockville  to 
Darnestown.   The  next  that  claims  attention  on  Watts'  Branch,  is 

The  Exchange,  for  Arthur  Nelson,  granted  March  10th, 
1718,  for  four  hundred  and  eighteen  acres;  and  again,  to  the  same 
person,  January  28th,  1710, 

The  Jtfew  Exchange,  for  one  hundred  and  fifty  acres. 
These  two  were  re-surveyed,  December  20th,  1721,  and  were 
called  "Exchange  and  New  Exchange  Enlarged,"  for  Arthur 
Nelson,  and  contained  sixteen  hundred  and  twenty  acres.  By 
this  extension  the  tract  extended  down  Watts'  Branch  a  long 
distance,  and  embraced  the  site  upon  which  Bockville  was  origi- 
nally built.  The  road  from  Bockville  to  the  Great  Falls  passes 
for  more  than  two  miles  through  the  tract.  The  County  Poor 
lb. use  farm,  Judge  Bouic's,  (O'Neal's,)  John  E.  Wilson's,  and 


HISTORY   OF  MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  35 

other  farms  are  included  in  this  tract.  North  of  "  Dan,"  men- 
tioned previous,  is  the 

Addition  io  Dau,  surveyed  for  Philip  Lee,  December  10th, 

1717,  containing  (ive  hundred  and  seventy-six  acres;  traversed 
by  the  Georgetown  Turnpike.  Then  came  Joseph  West  and 
James  Holmard,  who  joined  in  a  co-partnership,  and  had  a  tract 
surveyed,  containing  five  hundred  and  thirty-five  acres,  and 
when  they  came  to  give  it  a  name1,  were  at  considerable  trouble 
to  select  one  that  would  give  satisfaction  to  both  partners,  each 
wanted  his  name  selected  for  the  tract,  so  as  to  appear  on  the 
records  at  Annapolis.  Much  was  said  on  the  subject  by  both 
parties;  finally  a  compromise  was  effected  by  mutual  friends, 
who  taking  their  two  Christian  names,  joined  them  with  the 
copulative  conjunction  "and,"  which  gave  them 

Joseph  and  James,  and  was  .so  patented  October   15th, 

1718.  It  is  situated  on  the  road  from  Rockville  to  Gaithersburg, 
and  embraces  the  farms  of  Samuel  Clements  and  others. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

Land  Grants — Continued. 

Easy  Purchase.  Friendship  Enlarged.  Drumaldry.  Lay  Hill. 
Snowden's  Manor.  Snowden's  Manor  Enlarged.  Charles  and 
Benjamin.  George  the  Third.  BealPs  Manor.  Beall  Christie. 
Bear  Garden  Enlarged.  Deer  ParTc.  Snowden  Mill.  Charley 
Forest.  Addition  to  Charley  Forest.  Hygham.  Gold's  Branch. 
Gittinjfs  Hah!  Hah!!  Bordlerfs  Choice.  Brooke  Grove. 
Addition  to  Brooke  Grove.  John  and  Sarah.  Benjamin's  Lot. 
New  Year's  Gift.  Antra.  Easy  Come  By.  Mill  Land.  Boyd's 
Delay.  Magrudvr's  Hazard.  Paradise.  Bernard's  Desire. 
Wiekham  and  PotUnger's  Discovery.  Partnership.  The  Bro- 
ther? Industry.  Deer  Park.  Fellowship.  Constant  Friend- 
sh  ip. 

In  following  the  succession  of  settlements,  it  is  necessary  to 
return  to  the  North-west  Branch,  where  Archibald  Edmonston 
found  an 

Easy  Purchase,  granted  April  23rd,  1716,  consisting  of 

nine  hundred  acres,  extending  from  the  North-west  Branch  to 
the  West  Point  Branch.  The  Ashton  and  Sligo  Turnpike  runs 
through  the  entire  length  of  it,  from  John  T.  Baker's  farm 
below  and  near  Colesville,  to  the  late  Johns  Hopkins  farm  at 
the  intersection  of  tin'  Columbia  road.  Crossing  to  the  east 
side  of  the  North-west   Branch,  is  located 

Friendship  Enlarged,  for  Alexander  Beall,  May  14th, 
L710,  containing  nine  hundred  and  twenty  acres,  and  extending 
from  near  the  County  line  up  to  the  north  of  Bond's  Mill,  on 
the  Ashton  and  Sligo  Turnpike.  A  short  distance  north  of 
"Carroll's  Forest,"  heretofore  described,  lies  a  tract  called 

l>rnmaldr.v,  surveyed  for  James  Beall,  September  Kith. 
171.").  for  two  hundred  and  twenty-five  acres.  It  lies  on  the 
North-west  Branch  and  embraces  the  farm  of  James  Bonifant. 
On  the  North-west  Branch,  and  still  north  of  this,  dames  Beall 
was  granted 


HISTORY    OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  37 

!Lay  Hill,  August  17th,  1716,  containing  one  thousand  two 
hundred  and  ninety-eight  acres.    The  North-west  Branch  runs 

through  the  tract,  while  the  Norwood  Turnpike  passes  the 
entire  length.  The  farms  of  Abraham  Van  Horn,  A.  J.  Cashell 
and  others  are  situated  on  it.  On  the  ridge  dividing  the  head 
waters  of  the  Patuxent  River  and  North-west  Branch,  lies  a 
tract  embracing  many  farins  called 

Snowden's  Manor,  surveyed  for  Richard  Snowdeu,  De- 
cember 10th,  1715,  containing  one  thousand  acres.  The  Ashton 
and  Sligo  Turnpike  runs  through  the  estate,  also  the  road  from 
Ashton  to  Laurel.  The  tract  embraces  the  lands  of  William 
John  Thomas,  the  farins  of  William  Lee,  Warwick  Miller,  Asa 
Stabler,  and  the  farm  and  bone  mill  of  William  Bond.  A  re-sur- 
vey was  made  twenty-eight  years  alter  and  was  called 

Snowden's  Manor  Enlarged,  for  Richard  Snowden, 
dated  March  5th,  1743,  and  embraced  nine  thousand  two  hun- 
dred and  sixty-five  acres.  This  Manor  contains  some  of  the 
finest  farms  in  the  County.  The  Laurel  road  passes  through  it 
from  Ashton,  through  Spencerville  to  the  cemetery  near  Liberty 
Grove  Church.  The  turnpike  from  Ashton  to  Winpenny's  farm 
near  Colesville  runs  upon  it,  while  the  Norwood  Turnpike 
passes  through  it  from  Joseph  Moore's  farm  to  Van  Horn's 
farm.  The  North-west  Branch  runs  through  the  tract  from 
near  Ashton  to  Kemp's  Mill. 

Charles  and  Benjamin,  surveyed  and  granted  to  Charles 
Beall,  July  2nd,  1718,  containing  two  thousand  two  hundred  ami 
eighty  acres.  This  tract  extends  from  E.  J.  Hall's  farm  down 
the  Brookville  and  Washington  Turnpike  to  Higgins'  Tavern, 
embracing  the  farms  of  Z.  D.  Waters.  Thomas  Waters,  Josiah 
W.  Jones,  Samuel  Cashell,  and  others.  The  Episcopal  Church 
at  Mechanicsville  is  located  on  this  grant.  The  town  of  Me- 
chanicsville  is  built  on  a  small  tract  occasioned  by  a  vacancy 
between  older  surveys,  and  was  named  after  the  King  of 
England, 

George  the  Third,  and  granted  to  Richard  Brooke,  July 
28th,  1763,  and  contained  forty-seven  acres.  Returning  again 
to  West  Point  Branch, 

BeaU's  Manor  is  found,  granted  to  Charles  and  William 
Beall,  February  14th,  ITl'U,  embracing  seventeen  hundred  and 
eighty -seven  acres.     Situated  on  the  head-waters  of  West  Point 


38  HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

Branch,  beginning  in  Thomas  Wiupenny's  house-yard,  a  mile 
north  of  Colesville  on  the  Ashton  and  Sligo  Turnpike.  On  it 
are  located  the  farms  of  Thomas  Winpenny,  Mr.  O'Hare,  Lloyd 
Green,  J.  W.  Bancroft,  and  others.  Colesville  stands  on  a  tract 
adjacent  to  "  Bead's  Manor,"  surveyed  about  the  same  time,  and 
called 

Beall  Christie,  and  contained  five  hundred  and  six  acres. 
Colesville  is  a  thriving  village  of  recent  date. 

Bear  Garden  Enlarged,  surveyed  for  Archibald  Edmon- 
ston,  November  10th,  1710,  containing  twelve  hundred  and  sixty- 
five  acres.     Adjoining  this  tract, 

Deer  Park,  surveyed  for  Archibald  Edmonston,  February 
14th,  1720,  containing  six  hundred  and  eighty-two  acres.  This 
grant,  including  "Beall  Christie,"  lies  between  the  West  Point 
and  the  East  Point  Branches,  and  embrace  the  farms  of  Julius 
Marlow,  and  others.     Adjacent  to  "  Bead's  Manor,"  is 

Snowden  Mill,  granted  to  Richard  Snowdeu  in  October, 
1 7i»;;.  surveyed  for  five  hundred  and  forty-six  acres.  The 
Columbia  road  passes  by  this  tract;  while  it  is  well  watered 
by  the  West  Point  Branch  passing  through  it.  Nancy  Brown's 
form,  and  others  are  included,  as  also  the  road  from  John 
Leizar*s  to  Nancy  Brown's. 

Charley  Forest,  was  granted  to  Major  John  Bradford,  and 
contained  one  thousand  two  hundred  and  thirty  acres.  In- 
creased by 

Addition  to  Charley  Forest,  surveyed  for  the  same  per- 
son, September  Pith,  1120.  These  two  united,  extend  from 
Mechanicsville  to  within  a  short  distance  of  where  Bnell's  Bridge 
crosses  the  Patuxent  River.  The  turnpike  from  Mechanicsville 
to  Sandy  Sidings  and  Ashton  passes  over  it,  and  from  Ashton, 
the  road  to  Snell's  Bridge;  and  the  road  to  Brighton  runs  on  it. 
On  this  tract  is  situated  Sandy  Springs  and  Ashton,  including 
many  valuable  farms,  via:  Fair  Hill  farm,  at  Mechanicsville, 
with  the  farms  of  William  II.  Farquhar,  Albin  Gilpin,  \i.  T. 
Bentley,  Edward  Thomas,  and  many  others.  The  trad  is  lo- 
cated on  the  dividing  ridge  that  separates  the  head-waters  of 
the  North-west  Branch  and  Cabin  (reek. 

In  following  the  order  of  dates  in  settlement,  llawlin.-s'  River 

is  reached,  when 


HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  39 

Hygliam  is  found,  granted  to  John  Bradford,  February 
23rd,  ITl'o.  surveyed  for  one  hundred  acres.     Beginning  from 

the  same  tree,  is 

(.old's  Branch,  granted  to  Richard  Snowden,  July  30th, 
L722,  for  two  hundred  and  fifty-seven  acres.  These  two  grants 
lie  on  Hawlings'  River,  and  constituted  a  portion  of  the  t'arni  of 
Hon.  Allen  Bowie  Davis,  his  residence  being  located  on  the 
latter,  through  which  the  Westminster  road  passes,  and  also 
Gold  Branch,  a  small  tributary  of  Hawlings'  River. 

Gitting's  Hah!  Hah!!  was  surveyed  for  Thomas  SpriggS 
and  Richard  Simmons.  July  L'Tth.  1724,  and  contained  tive  hun- 
dred and  seventeen  acres,  lying  on  both  sides  of  Hawlings' 
River,  embracing  the  following  farms:  James  T.  Holland's, 
Thomas  John  Holland's,  William  Brown's,  and  others.  Adjoin- 
ing this,  lies 

Bordley's  Choice,  granted  to  Thomas  Bordley,  April  8th, 
L725,  for  one  thousand  acres.  The  Reedy  Branch,  an  oil-shoo; 
of  Hawlings' River,  divides  the  tract  and  affords  plenty  of  water 
to  the  following  farms:  Thomas  J.  Holland's,  William  Riggs', 
Thomas  Riggs'  and  Brice  Howard's.  The  Brookville  Academy 
is  located  on  this  survey.  Adjoining  this  grant  lies  a  tract, 
originally 

Brooke  Grove,  surveyed  for  James  Brooke,  September  4th, 
1728,  and  a  re-survey  for  the  same  person,  November  15th,  1741, 
for  three  thousand  one  hundred  and  fifty-four  acres,  and  again 
re-surveyed,  so  as  to  include  the  adjacent  vacancies,  and  named 

Addition  to  Brooke  Grove,  surveyed  tor  James  Brooke, 
September  29th,  17i»l\  and  contained  seven  thousand  nine  hun- 
dred and  six  acres.  After  this  addition  to  his  drove,  he  had 
eleven  thousand  and  sixty  acres  granted  by  patent,  and  six- 
thousand  by  purchase,  and  owned  at  the  time  of  his  death, 
nearly  twenty  thousand   acres. 

This  tract  extends  from  Thomas  J.  Holland's  farm,  some  eight 
or  nine  miles  in  a  north-westerly  direction,  beyond  the  Big 
Seneca.  The  town  of  Brookeville,  which  was  founded  in  1780, 
and  Laytonsville  are  situated  on  it.  The  load  from  Brookeville 
to  Laytonsville  passes  through  the  tract,  which  embraces  some 
of  the  finest  farms  in  the  County,  including  those  of  B.  J.  Hall, 
the  late  Dr.  William  B.  Bfagruder,  John  Biggs, Charles  Brooke, 
the  late  Walter  Magruder,  David  L.  Pugh,  Thomas  l>.  Gaither, 


40  HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

and  Samuel  Riggs,  of  R.  This  was  the  largest  tract  of  land 
owned  by  one  person  in  the  County,  and  gives  an  example  of 
the  wealth  and  influence  enjoyed  by  these  early  Princes  of  the 
Manor.  James  Brooke  was  a  descendant  of  Robert  Brooke, 
who  established  a  Protestant  Colony  at 

Delia  Brooke,  on  the  Patuxent,  on  the  29th  of  June,  1650, 
seventy-eight  years  previous. 

John  and  Sarah,  surveyed  for  John  Philburn,  December 
21st,  1724,  and  contained  two  hundred  acres,  includes  the  town 
of  Unity. 

Benjamin's  L-ot,  surveyed  for  Benjamin  Gaither,  April 
8th,  17l'5,  for  five  hundred  and  sixteen  acres.  Located  on  the 
Patuxent  River  and  embraces  the  town  of  Triadelphia,  and 
includes  the  farms  of  Robert  Brown,  and  others. 

The  Westminster  road  from  Brookeville  passes  through 
"Bordley-s  Choice,"  "Gold  Branch,"  "Addition  to  Brooke 
Grove"  and  "Benjamin's  Lot,"  to  the  Patuxent  Bridge- 
New  Year's  Gift,  granted  to  Thomas  Bordley,  October 
11th,  172G,  for  eleven  hundred  and  forty-three  acres,  and  is  situ- 
ated near  the  head- waters  of  Hawlings'  River.  The  road  from 
Unity  to  Damascus  runs  through  it.  While  it  embraces  the  farms 
of  the  late  Thomas  Griffith,  A.  B.  Worthington,  Charles  Hutton 
and  Richard  H.  Griffith. 

With  the  granting  of  this  tract,  the  settlements  along  the 
Patuxent,  Hawlings,  and  head-waters  of  the  Big  Seneca  Rivers 
seemed  to  come  to  a  close,  and  remained  so  until  about  1741, 
when  they  again  commenced,  and  rapidly  continued  until  1775, 
when  very  little  vacant  land  remained. 

Returning  again  to  Rock  Creek  on  the  west  side  and  passing 
down  on  the  south  of  the  road  leading  from  Rockville  to  Balti- 
more, Caleb  Litton  has  found  a  suitable  place  and  concludes  to 
look  no  farther,  ami 

Am  ra  is  surveyed  for  him,  January  18th,  1720,  and  found  to 
contain  four  hundred  and  five  acres;  since  which  time,  Hon. 
Allen  Bowie  Davis  found  it  covenient  to  add  a  portion  of  this 
tract  to  liis  Pock  ('reel;  farm. 

Easy  Come  By,  surveyed  for  William  Pottinger,  and  con- 
tained three  handled  acres,  granted  to  him  October  2nd,  1722. 
Adjacent  to  this,  is 


HISTORY   OF    MONTGOMERY    COUNTY.  41 

Mill  Land,  surveyed  for  Edward  Dawson,  March  10th, 
1724,  contained  two  hundred  and  fourteen  acres,  and  is  situated 
on  the  west  of  Rock  Creek,  and  lies  on  the  north  side  of  the 
road  from  Rockville  to  Baltimore,  and  embraces  the  farms  of 
Judge  Richard  I.  Bowie,  and  others.  Three  miles  from  Roek- 
ville, on  the  east  of  Rock  Creek,  and  about  one  mile  north- 
easterly from  "  Mill  Land,"  lies 

Boyd's  Delay,  surveyed  November  12th,  L725,  and  granted 
to  John  Boyd,  June  6th,  17-7,  and  contained  two  hundred  and 
thirty-three  acres,  afterwards  increased  by  the  addition  of 
several  tracts,  both  by  purchase  and  grant.  Many  of  his 
descendants  are  still  to  be  found  in  the  County.  His  great- 
grandson,  the  late  Rev.  R.  T.  Boyd,  an  eminent  divine,  and  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church,  and  father 
of  the  publisher  of  this  volume,  was  born  on  this  estate  in 
"17!M.  His  widow  is  still  living  and  resides  in  Clarksburg  of 
this  County.  The  lands  embrace  the  farms  of  William  E. 
Muncaster,  Roger  B.  Farquhar,  and  James  F.  Barnsly. 

Magruder's  Hazard,  surveyed  for  Samuel  and  John  Ma- 
g-ruder, November  23rd,  1726,  and  contained  one  hundred  acres. 
Paradise,  surveyed  for  Thomas  Cittings,  September  17th, 
171*8,  for  two  hundred  acres.  These  two  tracts  lie  on  the  I 
side  of  Bock  Creek.  The  road  from  Redland  to  Muncaster's 
Mill  passes  through  them. 

Bernard's  Desire,  surveyed  for  Luke  Bernard,  February 
1st,  171';;,  containing  two  hundred  and  thirty  acres.  The  road 
from  Bockville  to  Redland  passes  through  this  tract,  as  also 
through  the  farm  of  the  late  John  Bean. 

Wickham  and  Pottinger's  Discovery,  surveyed  for 
Nathan  Wickham  and  Samuel  Bottinger,  January  1st,  1721,  and 
contained  one  thousand  acres,  and  is  situated  on  Piney  Branch, 
and  embraces  the  farms  of  N.  13.  Offutt.  Mary  M.Dodd,  Samuel 
Jones,  and  others. 

Partnership,  granted  to  Henry  Massey  and  John  Flint, 
April  4th,  1722,  and  comprised  two  hundred  acres,  and  adjoins 
"Dung  Hill,"'  heretofore  mentioned.  Watts1  Branch  runs 
through  the  land,  which  embraces  at  present  the  farm  of  Elbert 
Berry. 

The  Brothers'  Industry,  surveyed   for  James    Wallace, 
April  16th,  1722,  for  one  thousand  four  hundred  and  tweutv 
4 


42  HISTORY   OF  MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

nine  acres,  and  includes  the  farms  of  Edwin  Wallace,  Solon 
Young,  and  others. 

Deer  Park,  surveyed  for  Ralph  Crabb,  April  10th,  1722, 
and  contained  four  hundred  and  seventy  acres.  It  lies  oil  the 
ridge  separating  the  head-waters  of  Muddy  Branch  from  those 
of  Whetstone  Branch,  and  embraces  a  portion  of  Gaithersburg, 
a  station  on  the  Metropolitan  Railroad,  and  since  its  incorpora- 
tion as  a  city,  has  rapidly  improved. 

Fellowship,  surveyed  tor  Nathan  Wickham  and  Samuel 
Pottinger,  March  10th,  1723,  and  contained  four  hundred  acres, 
and  lies  on  the  head-waters  of  Whetstone  Branch,  and  embraces 
the  farm  of  the  late  Charles  Saffell  and  the  late  Nathan  Cook's 
home  farm. 

Constant  Friendship,  granted  to  Joseph  West  and  James 
Halmard  in  1722,  lies  near  Kockville,  and  includes  the  lands  ot 
Levi  Veirs,  and  others. 

As  an  evidence  of  the  rapid  growth  of  the  province  of  Mary- 
land during  those  early  colonial  days,  it  is  only  necessary  to 
glance  at  the  Records  of  the  Counties,  and  by  examining  the 
land  patents,  as  described  in  this  chapter,  it  will  be  found  that 
from  the  settlement  of  "Easy  Purchase"  in  1710,  to  the  survey 
of  "Constant  Friendship"  in  1722,  comprising  as  it  does  a  large 
portion  of  the  County,  was  accomplished  in  the  short  space  of 
six  years.  And  again,  by  examining  the  names  and  titles  given 
the  various  tracts,  it  will  be  found  that  OUT  forefathers  were 
gentlemen  of  education  and  refinement — unlike  the  emigrant 
of  the  present,  who  lands  on  our  shores  ignorant  and  penni- 
less— they  came  to  the  New  World  to  establish  a  country  and 
a  home,  where  liberty  of  thought  and  freedom  of  speech  were  to 
be  the  fundamental  principles  upon  which  to  base  their  struc- 
ture. They  came  and  brought  their  wives,  their  children,  and 
their  household  gods,  determined  to  brave  all  dangers,  that 
they  might  bequeath  to  their  children  an  inheritance  worthy  of 
their  noble  sires. 


CHAPTER   VII. 
Land  Grants— Continued. 

Wiokham's  Good    Will.     The  Joseph.     Middle  Plantation.     Ma 
grudcr  (did   BeaWs  Honesty.     (  leieerwald   Enlarged.     Goose 
Pond.     Bear  Den.     Prevention.     Saint  Mary's.      Valentine1* 

Garden  Kit  I  a  rued.  Re-survey  on  Valentine's  Garden  Enlarged. 
Raymonds  Addition.  Concord.  Hanover.  Flint's  Grove. 
Happy  Choice.  Hope/cell.  Jeremiah's  Park.  Partnership. 
The  Re- survey  on  Part  of  Forest.  Hani's  Venture.  Abraham's 
Lot.  Kill  main.  John's  Delight.  Conclusion.  Turkey  Thicket. 
Benjamin's  Square.  Spring  Garden.  AbeVs  Levels.  Mom 
Delight.    Pork  Plenty,  if no  Thieves.    Chestnut  Ridge.     Ealfo. 

Grandmother's  Good  Will.  Coir  Pasture.  Peaoh  Tree  Hill. 
Errors  Corrected.  Very  Good.  Kite  the  1  liter.  Silent  Volley. 
Trouble  Enough  Indeed. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  first  settlements,  commencing  in  n^s 
in  Montgomery  County,  were  along  the  banks  of  Bock  Creek, 
extending  n]»  both  banks  of  the  stream  as  far  as  Kockville. 
Thence  they  Bought  the  Patuxent,  and  continued  to  spread 

along  the  banks  of  this  fertile  stream  as  far  as  SnelPs  Bridge. 
Then  the  country  lying  west  of  Rock  Creek,  towards  the  Poto 
mac,  and  north  and  east  of  Kockville,  seems  to  have  attracted 
the  attention  of  the  settlers.  Nexl  came  the  flat  red  lands 
along  the  Potomac,  in  the  vicinity  of  Darnfistown  and  Pooles- 
ville,  which  were  surveyed  and  -ranted.  Among  the  first  was 
Wickham's  Good  Will,  surveyed  for  James  Plummer  in 
1723,  and  contained  two  hundred  and  seventy  acres.  This 
tract    is   situated  on    Muddy  Branch,  near  w  here  the  road    from 

Gaithersburg  to  I>n   Fief's  farm  crosses  the  stream,  and  em- 
braces the  farm  of  J.  Hardesty. 

The  Joseph,  granted  Joseph  \\  est,  Julj  1st,  L723,  and  con- 
tained three  hundred  acres,  lying  on  Muddy  Branch.  The  road 
from  Kockville  to  Darnestown  paoOOO  through  the  tract,  winch 


44  HISTORY    OF   MONTGOMERY    COUNTY. 

has  its  beginning  at  a  stone  at  the  north-east  corner  of  the 
bridge  over  .Muddy  Branch. 

Mi«l<ll«>   Plantation,  surveyed  for  Daniel  Dulaney,  May 

30th,  lTl'4,  and  embraced  seven  hundred  and  twenty  two  acres, 
Tins  tract  is  situated  at  the  mouth  of  Great  Seneca,  where  the 
Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal  passes  through  it. 

Magrnder's  and  Beall's  Honesty,  granted  to  Daniel 
Magruder  and  Charles  Beall,  May  16th,  ITlm;,  and  contained 
one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  twenty-six  acres,  extends 
from  "Leehe  Forest,-'  described  in  a  preceding  chapter,  in  a 
south-westerly  direction  to  the  Potomac  River,  and  down  the 
river  to  Edmond  Brooke's  farm,  then  returns  with,  or  parallel 
with  '^Friendship"  and  "Contention,"  before  mentioned,  and 
embraces  the  farm  of  William  Beading.  The  Chesapeake  and 
Ohio  Canal  passes  through  it. 

Clewerwalcl  Enlarged,  surveyed  for  William  (Mutt,  July 
17th,  ITl'S,  contains  two  thousand  acres,  and  embraces  the 
farms  of  the  late  Philip  Stone,  George  Bradley,  Joshua  W. 
Offiitt,  and  others. 

Goose  Pond,  surveyed  for  .John  Chittam,  November  4th, 
lli'i;,  for  one  hundred  acres,  lies  on  the  Potomac  a  short  dis- 
tance above  the  Great  Falls, "and  is  traversed  by  the  Chesa- 
peake and  Ohio  ('anal.  Just  below  this,  and  immediately 
opposite  the  ('.real  Palls,  is 

Hear  Don,  surveyed  for  William  Ott'utt,  April  4th,  1729, 
and  contained  two  hundred  acres. 

Prevention,  granted  William  Beall  and  others,  July  4th, 
1727,  for  eleven  hundred  and  eighty-two  acres.  Rock  Creek 
runs  through  the  tract.  Veins'  Mill  is  located  at  the  crossing 
of  the  Bockville  and  Washington  Road.  It  embraces  the  Pock 
Creek  farm  of  Judge  Bouic,  and  others. 

Saint  Mary's,  granted  Caleb  Litton,  dune  28th,  L727,  for 
sixty-seven  acres,  lies  south  of  Bockville,  on  the  city  road.  In 
a  previous  chapter  it  was  stated  that  the  original  Pockville 
stood  on  "Exchange  and  New  Exchange  Enlarged."  The 
additions  will  now  be  given: 

Valentino's  Garden  Enlarged,  surveyed  for  Arthur 
Nelson,  June  17th,  L720,  and  contained  nine  hundred  and  fifty 
acres.    The  same  re-surveyed  as  follows: 


HISTORY   OF  MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  45 

Ke-snrvey  on  Valentine's  Garden  Knlarge<l.  for 
Benry  Wright  Crabb,  April  10th,  1753,  for  two  thousand  and 
eighty-five  acres.  On  this  tract  stands  the  first  addition  to 
Rockville,  and  lies  mostly  north  and  north-west  of  Rockville, 

and  extends  us  far  as  tlie  Washington  Grove  Camp  Ground. 

Haj niond's  Addition,  surveyed  for  John  Eaymond,  No- 
vember LOth,  1743,  and  contained  three  hundred  acres.  On 
tins  tract  lies  the  second  addition  to  Rockville,  embracing  that 
portion  of  the  town  recently  laid  out  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Metro- 
politan   Railroad    Depot  and  the  Agricultural   Fair  Grounds. 

About  this  time  the  tide  of  settlements  slowly  commenced  t<> 
extend  up  tin-  Potomac,  and  a  neighbor  is  found  for  Richard 
Brightwell,  who  located  near  Edward's  Ferry  in  UiiC).  For 
twenty-six  years  he  had  braved  the  perils  of  his  "Hunting 
Quarter,"  and  during  this  time  had  seldom  visited  the  lower 
settlements,  being  content  with  his  dogs,  ]>et  bears  and  deers 
for  companions,  until 

Concord  was  granted  fo  Daniel  Dulaney,  April  26th,  1721, 
for  one  thousand  one  hundred  and  six  acres,  which  was  located 
about  one  mile  above  "Brightwell's  Bunting  Quarter,"  en  the 

Potomac  River,  and  one  hundred  yards  above  the  month  of 
Broad  Pun,  where  the  line  begins  and  extends  up  the  Potomac 
to  some  distance   above  White's   Ferry,  taking   in   most   of  the 

bottom  lands,  thrdugh  which  runs  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio 

Canal. 

Hanover,  granted  to  Dr.  Patrick  Hepburn.  March  16th, 
172% for  one  thousand  five  hundred  acres.  This  tract  is  situ- 
ated on  the  head  waters  of  the  Dry  Seneca,  and  embrace-  the 
forms  of  Howard  Griffith,  Samuel  Darby,  the  late  Grafton 
Beall,  and  others. 

I  lint's  Grove,  surveyed  for  John  Flint,  July  4th,  ITl'U. 
and  contained  three  hundred  acres,  lies  on  Dry  Seneca,  and 
includes  the  farm  of  Thomas  Fife. 

Happy  Ciioiee,  surveyed  for  ANilliam  Black,  May  20th, 
L724,  for  eleven  hundred  and  eighty-six  acres,  and  lies  on  the 

road  from  P.arnesville  to  Poekville.     William  O.  Sellman's  farm 
and  others  are  included  in  this  tract. 

Hopewell,  granted  to  John  Norress,  October  31st,  I7i'<i,  for 
three  hundred  acres. lies  on  the  Little  Afonocacy,  and  is  crossed 


46  HISTORY    OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

by  the  road  running  from  the  mouth  of  Mouocacy  to  Mount 
Ephraim,  and  is  also  joined  by  the  farm  of  William  Price. 

Jeremiah's  Park,  surveyed  for  Jeremiah  Hays,  December 
10th,  1747,  and  includes  the  site  upon  which  Barnesville  stands. 
Sellman's  Station  and  Post  Office,  one  mile  from  Barnesville  on 
the  Metropolitan  Eailroad,  also  called  Barnesville  Station,  are 
located  on  this  tract. 

Partnership,  surveyed  for  Charles  Diggs  and  John  Brad- 
ford. April  10th,  1728,  for  two  thousand  acres,  lies  on  Dry 
Seneca,  and  embraces  the  farms  of  Thomas  Darby,  Robert  H. 
C.  Allnutt,  Samuel  Dyson,  F.  S.  Poole,  John  T.  Fletchall,  and 
others. 

The  Re-survey  on  Part  of  Forest,  surveyed  for  Robert 
Peter,  May  17th,  1784,  containing  one  thousand  seven  hundred 
and  ninety-six  and  one-fourth  acres,  embraces  the  lands  in  and 
around  Poolesville.  The  lirst  house  in  which  was  built  by 
John  Poole,  in  1793. 

■tanks*  Venture,  surveyed  for  John  Banks,  November 
29th,  1752,  and  contained  one  hundred  acres,  includes  the  pre- 
sent site  of  Redland. 

Abraham's  Lot,  granted  Cornelius  fitting  in  1732,  on  the 
Potomac  Biver,  near  the  mouth  of  Broad  Bun. 

Killmain,  granted  to  Daniel  Carroll  in  1735,  and  contains 
three  thousand  acres,  lies  on  the  Conrad's  Ferry  road,  and  in- 
cludes the  lands  of  Ludowick  Young's  heirs,  and  others. 

John's  Delight,  granted  and  surveyed  for  John  Harriss, 
June  14th,  1755,  embraces  the  lands  in  and  adjacent  to  Martins- 
burg  and  Conrad's  Ferry. 

Conclusion,  granted  Daniel  Dulaney  in  1731,  embraces  the 
farms  of  Joseph  Dawson,  Frederick  Dawson,  CoL  George  W. 
Dawson,  and  others, — all  finely  improved. 

Turkey  Thicket,  granted  and  surveyed  for  John   Magru 
der,  September,   1736,  and  embraces  the  farms  of   Zadok  Ma- 
gruder,  and  others. 

Benjamin's  Square,  granted  Benjamin  Wallingford  in 
1743,  includes  the  farms  adjacent  to  Goshen. 

Spring  Garden,  granted  Higison  Belt  in  1738,  includes  the 
farm  of  James  Williams,  and  the  lands  near  Laytonsville. 

Abel's  Levels,  granted  to  Abel  Brown  in  1711,  and 


HISTORY   OF   MONTGOM*   '.Y   COUNTY. 


47 


Moore's  Delight,  granted  to  Benjamin  Penn  in  1748,  lies 
on  the  head-waters  of  the  Great  Seneca  Creek,  and  embraces 
the  farms  of  Col,  Lyde  Griffith,  and  others. 

Pork  Plenty,  if  no  Thieves,  granted  to  Nathan    Ward 

in  1753,  lies  on  the  Patuxent,  and  embraces  the  lands  in  and 
around  Duvall's  Old  Mill. 

Chestnut  Ridge,  granted  to  George  Buchanan  in  1732, 
embraced  the  lands  in  and  adjacent  to  Germantown  Station, 
on  the  Metropolitan  Railroad. 

Ital to,  granted  George  Scott  in  1740,  includes  a  portion  of 
Horace  Waters'  land,  and  others. 

Grandmother's  Good  Will,  granted  to  John  Crampton, 
lies  on  the  Little  Seneca,  and  adjoins  the  farm  of  George  W. 
Israel,  south  of  Clarksburg. 

Cow  Pasture,  surveyed  for  Henry  Griffith,  10th  February, 
1701,  for  three  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fifty-tour  and  one- 
half  acres,  lies  on  both  sides  of  Little  Seneca  Greek,  near 
Clarksburg. 

Peach  Tree  Hill,  granted  Richard  Watts,  September 
13th,  1750,  and  contained  seven ty-tive  acres,  and  adjoins  "Cow 
Pasture."  A  re-survey  was  granted  for  this  tract  to  include 
vacancies,  and  called 

Errors  Corrected,  for  Nicholas  Bidgely  Warfield,  May 
23rd,  1792,  containing  two  hundred  and  twenty-eight  and  three- 
fourths  acres.  The  Little  Seneca  Creek  passes  through  the 
tract,  as  also  the  Old  Baltimore  Road,  from  Barnesville  to 
Neelsville.  This  is  the  home  farm  and  residence  of  Gassaway 
\Y.  Unthicum,  and  is  under  fine  cultivation. 

Very  Good,  granted  to  John  Dickinson  in  1755;  and 

Bite  the  Biter,  granted  to  Samuel  Saffell,  in  1 75G,  are 
both  near  the  village  of  Damascus. 

Silent  Valley,  granted  to  Ellsworth  Beane  in  17.~>t;,  lies 
east  of  Damascus. 

Trouble  Enough  Indeed,  granted  to  Thomas  Whitten, 
in  1761,  contains  two  thousand  four  hundred  and  ninety-two 
acres,  lies  between  Clarksburg  and  Damascus,  and  embraces 
the  lands  near  King  s  Distillery. 

By  glancing  at  the  map  of  the  County,  and  starting  from  a 
point  on  the  Patuxent,  east  of  Richard  II.  Griffith's  residence, 
and  draw  a  line  to  William  Griffith's  residence  on   Hawlings' 


48  HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

River,  thence  to  Brookeville,  thence  to  Redland,  thence  to 
Charles_ Saffell's  residence,  thence  to  F.  A.  Tschiftely's  resi- 
dence, thence  to  where  the  river  road  crosses  Watts'  Branch, 
thence  up  the  river  road  to  the  road  from  Poolesville  to  White's 
Ferry,  thence  west  to  the  Potomac  River,  a  tolerably  well  defined 
boundary  line  of  the  settlements  made  before  1730  will  be  had, 
excepting  a  few  mentioned  settlements  made  on  the  head-waters 
of  the  Great  Seneca  and  the  Dry  Seneca.  Beyond  this  bound- 
ary line  but  very  few  settlements  were  made  previous  to  1741. 
Within  these  limits  the  settlement  went  on  regularly  as  before, 
but  after  1741,  the  settlements  again  rapidly  extended  all  over 
the  County,  so  that  by  1775  very  little  vacant  land  remained. 
After  this  period  only  here  and  there  a  vacancy  was  discovered, 
and  then  a  re-survey  on  the  adjacent  tract  would  be  made  to 
include  the  vacancy  or  vacancies. 

From  the  earliest  settlement  to  1700,  the  grants  were  given 
as  lying  in  Charles  County;  from  1700  to  1745,  they  were  given 
as  lying  in  Prince  George's  County;  from  1745  to  1776,  they 
were  given  as  lying  in  Frederick  County;  and  since  1776,  all 
grants  have  been  from  Montgomery  County. 


CHAPTER    VIII. 

Frederick  City.  Georgetown,  I).  C.  Tobacco.  Rolling  Roads. 
French  War.  Defeat  of  General  Braddock.  Massacre  of  the 
Settlers.  The  Revolution.  Meeting  at  old  Hungerford  Tavern. 
Resolutions.  Formation  of  Montgomery  Comity, —  Named 
after  General  Richard  Montgomery.  Rockville, — the  County 
Seat.  Districts  of  the  County.  Orphans'  Court.  Registers  of 
Wills.    Members  of  the  State  Convention. 

V    Frederick,  now  the  second  city  of  the  State,  was  laid  out 
1745,  and  made  the  County  town  in  1748, — at  which  time  Fred- 
erick County  was  formed,  having-  been  carved  out  of  Prince 
George's. 
Georgetown  was  laid  out  iu  1751  by  an  Act  of  the  General 

•  Assembly,  which  set  forth  there  was  a  convenient  site  for  a 
town  at  the  mouth  of  Rock  Creek  on  the  Potowmack  River, 
adjacent  to  the  Inspection  House,  called  George  Gordon's  Roll- 
ing House,  and  that  Captain  Henry  Wright  Crabb,  John  Need- 
ham,  John  Clagett,  James  Perrie,  Samuel  Magruder  the  3rd, 
Josias  Bead,  and  David  Lynn,  should  be  commissioned  for 
Frederick  Comity,  and  authorized  to  purchase  sixty  acres  of 
Messrs.  George  Gordon  and  George  Beall,  at  the  place  aforesaid, 
to  be  erected  into  a  town  .-ailed  Gteorge  Town.  For  the  advant- 
age of  the  town  and  encouragement  of  the  back  inhabitants,  the 
Commissioners  were  authorized  to  hold  two  Fairs  annually,  for 
three  successive  days,  during  which  every  one  attending  the 
same  should  be  free  from  arrest,  except  for  felony  or  breach  of 
the  peace.  In  1783,  a  tract  of  land  called  the  Rock  ofBvmbarton 
belonging  to  Thomas  Beall,  was  added  to  the  town.  In  1789. 
the  town  was  incorporated,  and  Robert  Peter  was  appointed. 
Mayor,  and  John  Mackall  Garrett,  Recorder.  Brooke  Beall, 
Bernard  O'Neal,  Thomas  Bead  of  George,  James  ^McCubbin J 


50  HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

Lingan,  John  Thirl  keld,  and  John  Peter,  Aldermen,  so  long  as 
they  shall  well  behave  themselves  therein. 

Falling-  within  the  limits  of  the  "ten  miles  square"  that  were 
ceded  to  the  United  States,  by  the  States  of  Maryland  and  Vir- 
ginia, in  1702,  it  has  ever  since  formed  a  part  of  the  District  of 
Columbia. 

The  settlers  multiplied  and  prospered,  and  the  remunerative 
prices  obtained  lor  tobacco,  which .  could  be  so  successfully 
grown  on  their  new  lauds,  stimulated  their  enterprise.  There  was 
a  great  stir  and  much  activity  displayed  when  the  tobacco  was 
ready  for  market.  The  huge  and  stout  hogsheads  were  fitted 
up  with  rough  shafts,  fastened  to  cleets,  in  which  revolved  the 
strong  axle  like  pins  inserted  in  either  end.  A  single  horse  was 
attached,  and  the  driver  walking  by  the  side,  began  to  "roll" 
his  tobacco  to  the  market-town,  generally  Georgetown  or  Elk 
Ridge  Landing.  Some  of  these  roads  are  still  known  as  "Boil- 
ing Roads." 

Their  lives  were  spent  in  harmony  and  peace,  until  the  break 
ing  out  of  the  French  War,  and  the  defeat  of  General  Braddock 
in  1755,  and  the  invasion  of  the  western  frontier  of  the  province 
by  the  French  and  Indians  from  Fort  Du  Quesne.  A  period  of 
terror  and  desolation  ensued;  the  settlements  were  attacked  and 
broken  up;  the  outposts  driven  in;  and  some  of  the  smaller 
posts  captured  and  their  garrisons  massacred.  More  than 
twenty  plantations  were  laid  waste,  and  their  occupants  massa- 
cred or  carried  into  captivity. 

A  force  was  organized  from  the'  lower  district  of  Frederick 
County,  (now  Montgomery,)  under  Colonel  Ridgely  and  Captain 
Alexander  Beall,who  went  to  the  rescue  and  a  horded  protection 
to  the  settlers.  General  Braddock  marched  through  this  County 
on  his  ill-fated  expedition,  and  encamped  for  one  night  within 
the  present  limits  of  Rockville.  After  the  excitement  attending 
the  French  and  Indian  War  had  subsided,  nothing  of  military 
or  political  interest  occurred,  until  the  convulsions  immediately 
preceding  the  Revolution. 

When  the  news  reached  the  people  that  the  British  had 
blockaded  the  port  of  Boston,  a  meeting  was  called  at  the 
famous  old  Hungerford  Tavern,  the  proceedings  of  which  were 
as  follows: 


HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  51 

"FREDERICK   COUNTY,   MD.,    RESOLUTIONS." 

"At  a  meeting  of  a  respectable  and  numerous  body  of  the 
freemen  of  the  lower  part  of  Frederick  County,  at  Charles 
Hungerford's  Tavern,  on  Saturday,  the  11th  day  of  June,  1774. 
Mr.  Henry  Griffith,  Moderator. 

"l.s-f.  Resolved  unanimously,  That  it  is  flic  opinion  of  this 
meeting',  that  the  town  of  Boston  is  now  suffering  in  the  com- 
mon cause  of  America. 

" 2)id.  Besolved  unanimously,  That  every  legal  and  constitu- 
tional measure  ought  to  be  used  by  all  Americans  for  procuring 
a  repeal  of  the  Act  of  Parliament  for  blocking  up  the  harbor  of 
Boston . 

u3rd.  Resolved  unanimously,  That  it  is  the  opinion  of  this 
meeting,  that  the  most  effectual  means  for  the  securing  of 
American  freedom  will  be  to  break  off  all  commerce  with  (heat 
Britain  and  the  West  Indies,  until  the  said  Act  be  repealed, 
and  the  right  of  taxation  given  up  on  permanent  principles. 

u4.th.  Resolved  unanimously,  That  Mr.  Henry  Griffith,  Dr. 
Thomas  Sprigg  Wootton,  Nathan  Magruder,  Evan  Thomas, 
Richard  Brooke,  Richard  Thomas,  Zadok  Magruder,  Dr.  Wil- 
liam Baker,  Thomas  Oramphin,  Jr.,  and  Allen  Bowie,  be  a 
Committee  to  attend  the  General  Committee  at  Annapolis,  and 
of  Correspondence  for  the  lower  part  of  Frederick  County,  and 
that  any  six  of  them  shall  have  power  to  receive  and  communi- 
cate intelligence  to  and  from  the  neighboring  Committees. 

uoth.  Resolved  unanimously,  That  a  copy  of  these  our  senti- 
ments be  immediately  transmitted  to  Annapolis  and  inserted  in 
the  Maryland  Gazette. 

"Archib'ALD  Orme,  Clerk:7 

Frederick  County  proper  did  not  call  a  similar  meeting  until 
the  20th  of  June,  nine  days  later. 

The  Committee  which  met  at  Annapolis  appointed  Matthew 
Tilghman,  Thomas  Johnson}  Robert  Goldsborough,  William 
Baca,  and  Samuel  Chase,  members  of  the  State  Committee  of 
Safety  and  Correspondence. 

The  .territory  now  became  too  extensively  peopled  to  remain 
under  one  municipal  government,  and,  in  177<».  was  divided  into 
three  district  municipalities,  viz :  Frederick  County,  constituting 


52  HISTORY   OF  MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

1  he  central;  Washington  County,  the  upper;  and  Montgomery 
County,  the  lower  division.  Montgomery  County  was  name(J 
alter  the  gallant  General  Richard  Montgomery,  who  fell  on  the 

Heights  of  Quebec  in  1775,  yielding  up  his  life  in  the  heroic 
attempt  to  rescue  the  Canadas  from  the  dominion  of  Great 
Britain,  and  secure  them  to  the  then  struggling  cause  of  liberty 
in  the  American  Colonies. 

This  was  the  first  County  that  ignored  the  custom  of  naming 
towns  and  counties  after  princes,  lords  and  dukes,  and  adopting 
in  their  stead  illustrious  republican  names.  As  subdivisions 
went  on,  and  new  counties  were  formed,  such  pretentious  names 
as  My  Lord  Baltimore,  Lord  Frederick,  Lord  Arundel,  and 
Prince  George,  gave  way  before  advancing  ideas,  and  names 
made  memorable,  both  in  the  civil  and  military  service,  ap- 
peared, viz:  Washington,  Carroll,  Howard,  and  Garrett — all 
distinguished  by  a  long  and  honorable  career  as  eminent  citizens 
and  public  officers. 

The  first  efforts  towards  the  organization  of  Montgomery 
County  was  made  by  Dr.  Thomas  Sprigg  Wo'otton,  a  member  of 
the  State  Convention,  who,  on  the  31st  of  August,  17711,  pre- 
sented to  the  President  of  the  Convention,  an  Ordinance  for 
the  division  of  Frederick  County  into  three  distinct  and  sepa- 
rate counties, — which  was  read  and  ordered  to  lie  on  the  table. 

On  the  Oth  of  September  following  the  Ordinance  was  again 
called  up,  and  passed  by  a  small  majority.  In  relation  to  Mont- 
gomery County,  il 

Resolved,  That  alter  the  first  day  of  October  next,  such  part 
of  the  said  County  of  Frederick,  as  is  contained  within  the 
bounds  and  limits  following,  to  wit:  Beginning  at  the  east  Bide 
of  the  mouth  of  Bock  Creek  on  the  Potomac  River, and  running 
thence  with  the  said  river  to  the  mouth  of  the  Moiioeacv,  then 
with  a  straight  line  to  Par's  Spring,  from  thence  With  the  line  of 
the  County  to  the  beginning,  shall  be  and  is  hereby  erected  into 
a  new  County  called    MONTGOMERY  COUNTY. 

In   the  succeeding   year   Rockville  was  selected   as  the 

County-seat,  it  was  then  but  a  small  hamlet,  with  several 
small  holdings,  including  Ilungerford*s  Tavern,  which  is  still 
standing  and  occupied  by  Mrs.  Susan  Btissell,  whoso  grand- 
father, Joseph  Wilson,  built  and  owned  it,  and  the  AnTterson 
house,   in   which    Miss  Julia   Anderson    lives.     The  old   court- 


HISTORY   OF    MONTGOMERY    COUNTY.  53 

house  \v;is  built  shortly  afterwards,  and  the  first  Court  held  in 
177!). 

On  the  3rd  of  August,  1784,  William  Rrather  Williams  pur- 
chased the  land  surrounding  the  court-honse,  and  immediately 
caused  it  to  be  laid  off  into  streets  and  town  lots  by  Col.  Archi- 
bald Orme,  County  Surveyor,  and  named  it  Williamsburg. 

At  the  November  Session,  1801,  of  the  General  As-  mbly  of 
the  Stale,  an  Act  was  passed,  which,  after  reciting  that  Un- 
titles to  these  lots  were  uncertain,  because  there  was  no  record 

of  the  survey  thereof  made  by  Col  Qrme,  erected  the  place  into 
a  town  called  Rockville,  and  appointed  Commissioners  tore- 
survey  it. 

At  the  November  Session,  1802,  there  was  a  supplemental 
Act  passed,  and,  in  1803,  the  Commissioners  caused  the  re- 
survey  and  a  plan  of  the  town  to  be  math-  by  William  Smith, 
County  Surveyor,  which  is  recorded  in  Liber  L.,  of  the  Land 
Records  of  the  County. 

It  was  at  Hist  contemplated  to  call  tin-  town  Wattsville,  but 
Watts'  Branch  being  regarded  as  too  insignificant  a  stream,  it 
was  finally  concluded  to  honor  its  more  assuming  neighbor. 
Block  Creek,  and  heme  the  name,  Bockville. 

The  old  Bungerford,  or  Russell  House,  is  not  only  the  oldest 
building  in  the  place,  but  also,  from  its  associations,  the  object 
of  greatest  interest  to  the  antiquary.  Mrs.  Richard  Wootton, 
a  sister  in-law  of  that  Thomas  Sprigg  Wootton  who  moved  the 
erection  of  the  County,  danced  at  a  ball  given  in  it  one  hundred 
and  nine  years  ago. 

The  new  County  having  been  erected  and  furnished  with  a 
capital,  it  soon  became  necessary  to  lay  if  off  into  precincts; 
and.  in  17<iS,  an  Act  of  Assembly  was  passed  to  divide  it  into 
five  election  districts,  which  was  affirmed  iii  JJ99j  and,  in  the 
same  year,  Daniel  Beintzell,  Bezekiah  Veiteh,  Thomas  Fletch- 
all,  .John  Adainson,  and  Thomas  Davis,  were  appointed  Com- 
missinnms,   and    marked    out    its    Ii\e    divisions,   consisting    of 

Rockville  district.   Medley's  district,  Berry's  district,  Cracklin 

district,  and  Clarksburg  district. 

In  1878,  the  County  was  re-districted  and  divided  into  eight 
election  precincts,  viz:  First  district.  Cracklin;  Second  district, 
Clarksburg;   Third  district,  Medley's;    Fourth  district,   Book- 


54  HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

ville;  Fifth  district,  Berry's;  Sixth  district,  Darnestown;  Sev- 
enth district,  Bethesda;  Eighth  district,  Mechanicsville. 

The  political  and  territorial  organization  of  the  County  was 
completed,  and  the  first  Court  held  at  the  house  of  Leonard 
Davis,  on  the  20th  of  May,  1777, — the  memorable  old  Hunger- 
ford  Tavern,  only  Leonard  Davis  had  succeeded  Charles  Hun- 
gerford  as  host.  Present: — the  Worshipful  Charles  Jones, 
Samuel  W.  Magruder,  Elisha  Williams,  William  Deakins,  Bich- 
ard  Thompson,  James  Offutt,  and  Edward  Burgess;  Brook 
Bead,  Clerk;  Clement  Beall,  Sheriff,  v^ 

The  first  Begister  of  Wills  was  Samuel  West,  who  served 
until  the  close  of  1777,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Richard 
Wootton. 

Orphans'  Courts  and  Registers  of  Wills  were  established  in 
1777.  These  Courts  at  first  consisted  of  seven  Justices  of  the 
Peace  in  the  several  counties,  any  three  of  whom  constituted  a 
quorum. 

The  present  system,  except  that  the  Justices  were  appointive 
instead  of  elective,  was  established  in  1790.  The  first  Justices 
under  the  new  system  were  Thomas  Cramphin,  Jr.,  Richard 
Wootton,  and  William  Holmes.  The  names  of  the  Justices 
who  first  served  as  Judges  of  the  Orphans'  Court,  under  the 
old  system,  have  been  lost,  as  no  record  of  them  can  be  found 
in  the  County. 

The  members  from  this  County,  to  the  State  Convention  of 
177*i,  were  Thomas  Sprigg  Wootton,  Jonathan  Wilson,  William 
Bayly,  Jr.,  and  Elisha  Williams. 


CHAPTER   IX. 

A  Period  of  One  Hundred  and  Forty  Years.  The  First  Conti- 
nental Congress.  Maryland  Convention.  Enrollment  and 
Organization  of  Companies.  The  First  Blood  sited  in  the 
Revolutionary  War,  19th  April,  1775.  Captain  Cresap's  Com- 
pany. Their  Bra  eery  in  battle.  Poivder  Mills.  Cannon 
Manufactories.  Contingent  called  from  Montgomery  County. 
The  deeds  of  prowess  in  Virginia  and  tlie  Car<dinas.  Revolu- 
tionary Officers  from  the  County.  The  War  of  1812.  Distin- 
guished Officers  in  the  War  of  tlte  Rebellion. 

The  First  Continental  Congress  met  at  Philadelphia,  on  the 
5th  of  September,  1774.  It  issued  a  Manifesto,  setting  forth 
the  rights  and  grievances  of  the  Colonies,  and,  on  its  adjourn- 
ment, the  Maryland  Convention  assembled  and  approved  of  the 
proceedings  of  the  Congress.  The  power  and  dominion  of  the 
last  Proprietary  of  Maryland  closed  with  the  organization  of 
this  Convention. 

A  period  of  one  hundred  and  forty  years  had  passed  since 
two  hundred  pioneers,  under  Leonard  Calvert,  landed  at  Saint 
Mary's;  their  descendants  had  extended  themselves  throughout 
the  length  and  breadth  of  its  boundaries;  covered  the  Eastern 
Shore  with  wealth  and  civilization, — crossed  the  Blue  Ridge, 
filling  its  valleys  with  a  bold  and  hardy  population.  Commerce 
was  filling  its  bays  and  rivers  with  fleets;  the  forge  and  furnace 
were  already  at  work,  although  burdened  by  the  restrictive  laws 
of  England; — the  germs  of  her  future  prosperity  were  budding 
forth  and  giving  promise  of  the  greatness  which  this  day  sees 
realized.  Thus  stood  the  people  of  Maryland  in  the  crisis  which 
was  approaching;  liberal  in  their  sentiments,  proud  of  their 
liberties,  prepared  to  extend  them,  and  ready  to  maintain  them 
with  their  lives. 

The  Convention  called  upon  the  people  of  Maryland  to  bury 
all  private  animosities,  all  religious  disputes,  all  memory  of  past 


5<3  HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

persecution,  and  k-in  the  name  of  God,  their  country  and  pos- 
terity, to  unite  in  defence  of  the  common  rights  and  liberties." 

The  Convention  again  assembled  on  the  8ih  of  December, 
1774,  to  make  preparations  for  an  armed  resistance  to  the  power 
of  England.  The  old  government  still  retained  the  form  and 
machinery  of  power;  the  new,  without  these,  possessed  an  irre- 
sistible authority  throughout  the  colony.  The  source  of  its 
power  was  not  its  legal  form,  but  public  sentiment.  Besting  on 
this,  it  needed  not  penalties  and  judicial  tribunals,  for  the  do- 
minion that  lias  public  sentiment  for  its  throne  is  irresistible. 
Those  who  refused  to  submit  to  the  decrees  of  .the  Convention 
were  denounced  by  that  body,  and  from  that  moment  the  offen- 
ders became  the  objects  of  scorn  and  contempt  of  their  coun- 
trymen. 

The  Convention  then  ordered  all  males,  from  sixteen  to  fifty 
years  of  age,  to  be  enrolled  and  organized  into  companies;  to 
be  armed,  ('quipped  and  drilled,  ready  for  instant  service. 
These  orders  were  immediately  carried  out;  old  and  young 
enrolled  with  the  greatest  enthusiasm.  Maryland  was  prepar- 
ing herself  tor  the  struggle,  in  Which  she  won  so  glorious  a 
name. 

On  the  l'hh  of  April,  1775.  the  struggle  culminated  in  open 
conflict,  and  the  first  blood  shed  in  the  Revolutionary  War  was 
at  Lexington.  After  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill  there  was  no 
more  hesitation;  Congress  determined,  not  only  to  defend  the 
rights  of  the  people,  but  to  drive  out  the  British  troops. 
Thomas  Johnson,  of  Maryland,  had  the  honor  of  nominating 
General  Washington  as  Commander-in-chief  of  the  American 
forces. 

The  Convention  again  met  on  the  26th  duly,  177.1,  and  ordered 
the  formation  of  a  regular  force,  to  be  composed  of  a  battalion, 
of  which  Colonel  Smallwood  received  the  command,  and  seven 
independent  companies,  numbering  in  all  L444,  besides  two 
companies  of  artillery  and  one  of  marines. 

By  a  resolution  of  Congress,  two  companies  of  riflemen  Acre 

called  for  from    Maryland.     These  companies  were  soon    idled 

with  the  hardy  pioneers  of  Montgomery  and  Frederick  Coun- 
ties. Captain  Cresap's  company  numbered  one  hundred  ami 
thirty  men.  who  were  armed  with  tomahaw  ks  and  rities;  were 
painted  like  Indians,  and  dressed  in  hunting  shirts  and  moccas- 


HISTORY    OF  MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  57 

sins.  These  men  were  ordered  to  march  to  the  camp  around 
Boston,  being  joined  by  like  companies  from  Virginia  and  Penn- 
sylvania. The  arrival  of  these  stalwart  fellows,  such  as  Wash- 
ington had  known  in  his  early  campaigns,  many  of  them  six 
feet  and  upwards  in  height,  and  of  vigorous  frame— in  their 
fringed  frocks  and  round  hats,  excited  great  wonder  among  the 
rustic  visitors  of  the  camp.  Their  dash,  their  skill— "they 
could  hit  a  mark  while  advancing  at  quickstep,  at  the  distance 
of  two  hundred  and  fifty  yards,"— their  striking  costume,  caused 
them  to  be  looked  upon  with  jealousy  by  the  plainer  troops 
about  them,— who  seemed  to  think  that  all  valor,  as  well  as 
virtue,  was  enclosed  in  the  round  jacket  and  trowsers  of  Mar- 
blehead,— and  it  was  well  for  the  gaily  clad  sons  of  the  South, 
that  their  behaviour  in  battle  was  always  equal  to  the  expecta- 
tion they  excited.  In  tbe  sharpest  conflict  of  the  war,  it  was 
they  "who  stemmed  the  current  of  the  bloody  fight."  The 
officers  of  these  were  Michael  Cresap,  Thomas  Warren,  Joseph 
Cresap,  Jr.,  Richard  Davis,  Thomas  Price,  Otho  H.  Williams, 
and  John  Ross  Key.  Many  were  too  impatient  to  endure  the 
delay  of  organizing  these  troops,  and  hastened  to  join  the  camp 
before  Boston,  at  their  own  expense.  Among  these  was  James 
Wilkinson,  afterwards  a  Major-General  in  the  United  States' 
service. 

Great  difficulty  was  experienced  in  obtaining  supplies,  the 
arsenal  at  Annapolis  was  almost  empty.  To  overcome  these 
difficulties,  the  Convention  gave  encouragement  and  gratuities 
for  the  manufacture  of  saltpetre,  materials  for  clothing  and 
munitions  of  Avar.  Powder  mills  were  erected,  and  Mr.  Hughes 
of  Montgomery  County,  agreed  to  furnish  cannon  for  the  pro- 
vince, and  established  a  foundry  on  the  Potomac  River,  at 
Green  Spring,  one  mile  above  Georgetown,  where  the  first 
cannon  were  made  in  this  country,— a  portion  of  the  old  stone 
building  still  remains,  while  broken  fragments  <>f  cannon  are  ;it 
this  time  to  be  found  in  the  stream  of  water  that  flows  at  the 
base  of  the  building. 

The  Convention  having  resolved  to  enroll  forty  companies  of 
minute  men,  required  eight  or  one-fifth  of  the  whole  to  be  raised 
in  Frederick  County,  which  then  included  what  is  now  Mont- 
gomery and  Washington  Counties. 


58  HISTORY   OP   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

In  raising  the  State  contingent  to  reinforce  the  Federal  armies 
in  1778,  two  years  after  the  formation  of  Montgomery  County, 
of  the  whole  number,  2902  men  required,  Frederick's  quota  was 
300,  Montgomery's  was  156,  and  Washington's  108  men,  about 
the  same  proportion,  one-fifth. 

The  two  batallions  required  from  Maryland  for  the  relief  of 
Boston  were  both  selected  from  Montgomery  and  Frederick 
Counties,  and  from  the  number  of  officers  from  Montgomery 
who  survived  the  Revolution  and  joined  the  Cincinnati  Society 
at  its  close,  it  will  be  seen  that  a  large  portion  not  only  of  those 
troops,  but  of  the  entire  Maryland  line,  were  from  this  County. 
The  names  of  the  members  of  the  Cincinnati  Society  were,  C. 
Bicketts,  Lieutenant;  Lloyd  Beall,  Captain;  Samuel  B.  Beall, 
Lieutenant;  Henry  < blither,  Captain;  Richard  Anderson,  Cap- 
tain; James  McCubbin  Lingan,  Captain;  Richard  Chiderson, 
Captain;  David  Lynn,  Captain.  In  addition  to  the  members 
of  that  Society  were  Colonels  Charles  Greenbury  Griffith  and 
Richard  IJrooke;  Captains  Edward  Burgess  and  Robert 
Briscoe;  Lieutenants  Greenbury  Caither,  John  Gaither,  Elisha 
Beall,  Elisha  Williams.  John  Lynn  and  John  Courts  Jones; 
Ensigns  Thomas  Edmonson,  John  Griffith  and  William  Lamar, 
and  Quartermaster  Richard  Thompson,  all  from  this  County. 

It  was  a  dark  hour  that  the  Maryland  line  was  destined  to 
enter  the  field.  On  the  10th  of  -Inly,  1776,  six  days  utter  the 
passage  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  six  companies 
under  Colonel  Smallwood,  and  three  from  Baltimore,  embarked 
for  the  head  of  Elk  River,  whence  they  marched  to  New  York, 
and  were  incorporated  in  Lord  Stirling's  Brigade.  They  were 
well  appointed  and  organized,  composed  of  young  and  spirited 
men,  who  had  already  acquired  the  skill  and  presence  of  well 
drilled  soldiers.  No  unofficer  like  appearance  and  deportment 
could  be  tolerated  by  the  Marylanders,  who  at  this  time  were 
distinguished  by  the  most  fashionable  cut  coats,  the  most 
,-tylish  of  cocked  hats,  and  the  hottest  blood  in  the  Union.  On 
their  arrival  they  immediately  won  the  confidence  of  the  Com- 
mander-in-Chief, and  from  the  moment  of  their  arrival,  were 
thrown  upon  the  advanced  posts,  and  disposed  as  covering 

parties. 

The  four  independent  companies  remaining  in  Maryland,  as 
was  also  the  Hying  camp,  were  ordered  to  join  Col.  Smallwood. 


HISTORY    OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  69 

The  achievements  and  deeds  of  valor  performed  by  the  offi- 
cers and  men  in  the  desperate  battles  on  Long  Island,  White 
Plains,  Port  Washington,  Trenton  and  Princeton,  gave  to  the 
Old  Maryland  lane  its  synonym  for  heroic  valor  and  devoted 
patriotism.  During  this  campaign,  a  most  dark  and  bloody 
one,  but  fall  of  glory  to  the  Maryland  lane,  the  regiment  was 
reduced  to  a  mere  handful  of  men  under  the  command  of  a 
captain.     The  old  line  was  almost  annihilated. 

It  having  been  found  accessary  to  establish  an  army  in  the 
South  tor  the  purpose  of  re-conquering  South  Carolina  and 
Georgia  from  the  British,  and  drive  the  invaders  from  North 
Carolina,  the  Maryland  Line  was  detached  from  the  main  army, 
near  New  York  in  April,  1780,  and  inarched  through  New 
Jer8ey,  Pennsylvania,  and  embarked  at  the  head  of  Elk  River 
fa-  Baltimore.  The  first  ami  second  brigades  were  immediately 
Idled  up,  and  passed  through  the  State  early  in  May,  num- 
bering about  two  thousand  men,  many  of  whom  were  from 
Montgomery  and  Frederick  Counties.  The  most  of  that  gallant 
and  veteran  army  looked  for  the  last  time  upon  their  beloved 
State;  they  offered  up  their  lives  in  the  defence  of  their  brothers 
in  the  South.  Their  deeds  of  prowess,  from  the  battle  of  Cam- 
den, where,  under  the  command  of  Colonel  Otho  11.  Williams, 
of  Montgomery  County,  General  Smallwood,  and  Colonel  John 
Eager  Howard,  including  the  bloody  struggles  of  Cowpens. 
Guilford  Court  House,  Ninety-Six,  Paitaw  Springs,  and  the 
Surrender  of  Cornwallis  at  Yorktown,  which  took  place  on  the 
L9th  of  October,  1781,  nobly  exemplifying  the  (act,  that  from 
the  Heights  of  Brooklyn  to  the  cotton  fields  of  the  Oarolinas, 
the  Mankind  Line  maintained  their  reputation  for  discipline 
and  valor,  worthy  to  be  enrolled  on  monuments  of  marble  and 
bronze.  They  were  not  mercenary  soldiers,  but  farmers,  mer- 
chants, and  mechanics,  who  pledged  their  fortunes  and  lives  to 

the  Cause  Of   liberty. 

The  officers,  elected  by  the  Convention  for  this  County,  con- 
sisted of  Colonels,  .John  Murdock  and  Zadok  Magruder;  Lien 
tenant  Colonels,  Thomas  Johns  and  Charles  G.  Griffith;  First 
Majors.  Richard  and  Francis  Hcukins:  Second  Majors,  William 
Deakins  and  Richard  Crabb;  Quarter-Master,  Samuel  DuValL 
These  wen-  the  representative  men  of  the  day.  and  as 


60  niSTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

of  the  cause  of  independence  and  freedom  in  its  infancy,  are 
worthy  of  perpetual  remembrance. 

Montgomery  County  furnished  soldiers  for  the  War  of  1812, 
/ in  which  Major  George  Peters  served  with  distinction.  At  the 
battle  of  Bladensburg,  in  1814,  the  militia  from  this  County  and 
Prince  George's,  under  the  command  of  Commodore  Barney, 
aided  by  a  body  of  seamen  and  marines,  maintained  their 
ground  until  they  were  overpowered  by  numbers,  and  the  Com- 
modore taken  prisoner.  The  eneiny  then  proceeded  to  Wash- 
ington, burned  the  Capitol,  President's  house  and  many  other 
buildings.  President  Madison  was  compelled  to  take  flight, 
and  sought  safety  in  Brookeville,  in  this  County,  from  whence  he 
issued  his  dispatches.  In  the  late  war  between  the  sections,  a 
large  force  entered  the  armies.  Among  the  officers  in  the  Con- 
federate service,  none  were  more  distinguished  for  capacity, 
efficiency  and  valor,  than  the  lamented  Colonel  Ridgely  Brown, 
Colonel  Elijah  Veirs  White,  Colonel  T.  H.  S.  Boyd,  Colonel 
Gus  Dorsey  and  Colonel  Benjamin  iS.  White.  In  addition  to 
these,  there  were  Captains  Thomas  Griffith,  Festus  Griffith, 
George  W.  Chiswell  and  James  Anderson,  and  Lieutenant 
Edward  Chiswell,  Surgeon  Edward  Wootten,  and  a  host  of 
other  officers,  non-commissioned  officers  and  privates,  all  of 
•  revolutionary  descent,  and  who,  whether  in  a  good  or  bad  cause, 
illustrated  the  valor  of  the  race  and  well  maintained  tin1  repu- 
tation of  the  old  Maryland  Line. 

So,  from  the  first  French  and  Indian  War  upon  our  borders, 
to  the  late  sectional  straggle,  the  people  responded  with  alacrity 
to  what  they  conceived  to  be  the  call  of  military  duty.  Their 
hearts  ever  glowing  with  the  tire  of  patriotism. 


CHAPTER   X. 

First  Revolutionary  Soldier.  Montgomery's  Revolutionary  Roll. 
Pension  Acts.  Names  of  Pensioners.  Meteoric  Showers,  as 
witnessed  at  the  home  of  Charles  Saffell,  the  Oldest  Pensioner  on 
the  IJst.     Scenes  in  Gaithershury  and  Roekville. 

The  first  Revolutionary  soldier  pensioned  in  Montgomery 
<  bounty  was  James  Carrant.  He  was  placed  on  the  roll  in  com- 
pliance with  the  general  Invalid  Pension  Law,  approved  June 
7th,  1785,  and  died  September  4th,  1822.  Francis  Hutchinson 
was  also  a  pensioner,  but  not  revolutionary.  He  belonged  to 
the  regular  army  of  the  United  States.  Samuel  Harris  was 
pensioned  as  a  matross  of  the  revolutionary  artillery,  and  died 
on  the  19th  of  September,  1820;  and  William  A.  Xeedham  was 
also  a  revolutionary  pensioner,  placed  on  the  roll  in  1808. 
William  O'Xeal,  was  a  private  iu  the  Maryland  militia  at  some 
period  not  known,  and  placed  on  the  pension  roll,  per  Act  April 
30th,  1810,  at  the  rate  of  $48  per  annum;  and  Samuel  B.  White 
was  a  private  in  the  revolutionary  army,  pensioned  per  Act 
June  7th.  1785,  and  died  .January  16th,  1832.  -lames  White 
was  also  a  pensioner,  per  Act  June  7th,  1785.  He  belonged  to 
the  revolutionary  army,  but  the  time  of  his  death  is  not  known. 
All  the  soldiers  named  above  were  invalid  pensioners,  pensioned 
on  account  of  wounds  and  disability  received  in  the  service  of 
the  United  States,  in  the  line  of  their  duty,  and  they  honorably 
appear  on  old  Montgomery's  roll  of  honor,  as  good  men,  tried 
and  true. 

The  following  revolutionary  soldiers,  residing  in  Montgomery 
County,  were  pensioned  by  an  Act  of  Congress,  approved  the 
18th  of  March,  1818.  In  order  to  obtain  the  benefit  of  this  Act, 
they  were  required  to  prove  nine  mouths  service  in  the  Conti- 
nental army,  and  exhibit,  under  oath,  a  schedule  showing  that 
their  property  was  worth  no  more  than  $500.  Another  Act  was 
passed  on  the  1st  of  May,   1820,  requiring  the  exhibition  of 


62  HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

another  schedule,  and,  if  in  the  meantime,  their  property  had 

increased,  so  as  to  exceed  $500  in  value,  they  were  dropped 
from  the  pension  roll.  These  Acts  of  Congress  were  very  dis- 
tasteful to  the  old  soldiers,  for  they  looked  upon  them  as  offer- 
ing a  reward  to  soldiers  for  keeping  themselves  in  poverty. 
The  first  name  in  the  County  placed  on  the  pension  roll,  in  com-. 
pliance  with  the  Act  of  1818,  was  John  Bobbins,  on  the  6th  of 
April,  1818,  aged  72  years,  at  the  rate  of  $96  per  annum.  He 
belonged  to  the  "  Old  Maryland  Line,"  so  distinguished  in  all 
the  battles  in  which  it  took  a  part  All  the  pensioners  under 
this  Act,  if  privates,  received  $96  per  annum;  if  commissioned 
officers,  they  were  allowed  $240  per  annum.  The  second  name 
y  placed  on  the  roll  was  that  of  Joseph  Kay,  aged  65  years,  also 
of  the  Maryland  Continental  lane.  Then  followed  the  names 
of  Thomas  Penefill,  aged.  72  years,  who  died  December  15th, 
1832;  James  Ervin,  aged  07,  who  died  June  28th,  L827;  George 
Field,  aged  80,  time  of  death  unknown;  Robert  Eurdle,  aged 
7o,  time  of  death  unknown;  John  Jordon,  aged  77,  time  of 
death  unknown;  Henry  Leeke,  age  not  given, dropped  from  the 
roll  per  Act  May  1st,  1820,  lime  of  death  unknown.  These 
were  privates  of  the  Maryland  Line. 

James  Campbell,  of  Virginia  Line,  aged  71  years,  private, 
died  September  14th,  1827;  Beltzor  Lohr,  Pennsylvania  Line, 
1  7(1,  private,  died  February  27th,  1827;  Thomas  Lingan, 
Lieutenant,  Maryland  Line,  aged  <*>7,  died  May  28th,  1825; 
William  Layman.  Ensign,  Maryland  Line,  aged  SI,  dropped 
from  the  roll  per  Act  .May  1st,  1820,  rest  (.red  March  22nd,  L826, 
time  of  death  unknown.  The  two  officers  lasl  named  were  pen- 
sioned at  the  rate  of  $240  per  annum. 

The  following  named  soldiers  of  the  revolutionary  war,  residing 
in  the  County,  were  pensioned  per  Act  of  Congress,  approved 
dune  7th,  1832.  The  minimum  rate  of  pension  allowed  a  pri- 
vate under  this  Act.  was  $20  per  annum  for  six  months  service 

in  any  department  of  the  revolutionary  army,  and  increased, 
pro  rata,  according  to  the  time  of  service,  so  as  not  to  exceed 
the  rate  of  $80  per  annum,  the  maximum,  for  I  wo  years  service. 
No  grade  of  officer  was  allowed  more  than  $600  per  annum,  for 
two  years  service.  Periods  of  service  for  less  than  two  years, 
were  rated  according  to  rank  and  lime  of  service.  Every 
soldier  was  entitled  to  pension  under  this  Act,  without  regard  to 


30.15 

u 

" 

(1 

«    79. 

30.00 

u 

l( 

(( 

"    78. 

80.00 

» 

(1 

a 

"    77. 

79.66 

(( 

New  York 

a 

(t    

88.00 

U 

Maryland 

u 

"    84. 

85.97 

u 

u 

u 

"    76. 

HISTORY  OF  MOM  GH  »MI  BB1     COUNTY.  63 

the  value  of  bia  property,  and  many  who  Lost  their  pensions  od  tlie 

passage  Of  the  Act  Of  May  1st,  L820,  were  restored  by  the  Act 
Of  1832.  All  pensions  under  this  Act  were  made  to  commence 
on  the.  4th   of  March,  1831;     Those  pensioned  were  as  follows: 

_   Geo.  Beckwith,  Sergeant,      $32.50  per  ann.,  Maryland  Line,  age  74. 
Richard  Barrett,      " 
Giles  Easton,  Private, 
Caleb  Galwortli,    " 
('has.  Morris.  Corporal, 
Chas.  Saffell,  Musician, 
Joseph  Warfield,  Lieutenant,  85.97 
Saml.  Griffith,  Captain,         414.00 
Jamee  Fling,  Private,  80.00     "        Virginia         "        "    78. 

Charles  Saffell,  the  oldest  man  on  the  list,  died  in  1837. 

The  following  thrilling-  account  of  a  visit  to  the  home  of  this 
old  veteran,  on  the  occasion  ot  the  great  Meteoric  Showers  on 
the  night  of  the  12th  of  November,  1833,  four  years  previous 
to  his  death,  will  be  interesting. 

"Five  miles  beyond  the  mill.  (Cloppers  on  the  great  Seneca,) 
at  early  candle  light.  I  reined  np  at  the  farm  of  Charles  Saffell, 
an  old  soldier,  then  84  years  of  age,  who  had  been  a  musician 
in  the  Revolutionary  Army.  The  old  gentleman  had  a  drum, 
life  ami  fiddle,  an  old  English  musket,  which  he  captured  at 
the  battle  of  lbandywine,  and  many  other  relics  from  the  'days 
that  tried   men's  BOuls.'      He   was  spending  the  calm  evening  of 

his  long  life  in  singing  our  long  catalogue  of  heroes,  yet  un- 
sung; and  from  his  sweet  flute,  life  and  violin  I  ardently 
drank  in  the  inspiring  melodies  of  the  revolution.     At  the  hour 

Of  ten  o'clock  1  took  a  candle  and  a  nor  of  paper  matches, 
about  the  length  and  appearance  of  a  row  of  pins,  and  retired 
to  bed  in  an  upper  room.  The  matches  were  made  h\  cutting 
out  a  piece  of  paper  about  three  inches  long,  and  one  wide,  and 
making  a  do/en  clips  with  a  pair  of  scissors,  into  one  of  the 
longer  edges  of  the  paper  so  prepared,  as  to  extend  about  three- 
quarters  of  the  distance  across  its  width.  This  clipped  I 
was  dipped  into  the  combustible  mixture,  and  when  dry,  all 
that  was  necessar.N  to  produce  a  tlame,  was  to  tear  off  one  OJ 
these  clippings  ami  draw  its  dipped  ends  gently  along  between 
the  tip  of  the  forefinger  and  the  wall  of  your  room,  or  over  the 


04  HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

surface  of  any  other  rough  substance.  I  struck  the  match,  the 
first  kind  known  in  trade,  and  with  a  cheerful  and  glad  heart 
lit  the  candle.  I  was  under  the  cover  and  yielded  to  tired 
nature's  sweet  restorer,  but  soon  encountered  very  singular  and 
inexplicable  experience,  which  I  will  mention,  for  I  am  writing 
facts,  of  which  I  ought  not  to  be  ashamed.  The  air  being  keen 
and  frosty,  three  counterpanes  were  on  the  bed,  and  I  slid 
under  them  and  made  a  survey  of  the  surroundings  in  the  dark 
room  before  trying  my  hand  at  sleep.  On  entering  the  room  I 
discovered  a  wooden  bolt  on  the  door  and  made  it  fast  against 
intrusion;  saw  several  chairs,  other  articles  of  furniture,  and 
two  windows  only,  over  which  curtains  Avere  hanging,  one  of 
them  being  at  the  back  of  the  bed,  within  reach  of  the  occu- 
pant. Trying  my  hand  at  sleep,  I  met  with  half  success,  but 
just  at  this  stage  of  proceeding,  imagine  my  surprise  when,  by 
some  unseen  force,  the  three  counterpanes  were  drawn  violently 
from  the  bed  to  the  floor!  After  recovering  from  my  surprise 
and  fright,  I  visited  the  ruins  on  the  floor,  recaptured  the 
counterpanes,  and  courted  sleep  once  more.  After  a  time,  I 
fell  into  a  troubled  sleep,  and  down  went  the  counterpanes 
again  with  greater  violence  than  at  first.  I  sprang  down  after 
them,  found  the  matches,  lit  the  caudle,  and  searched  for  the 
intruder,  but  no  such  party  could  be  found,  neither  in  nor  under 
the  bed,  nor  elsewhere  in  the  room. 

"I  made  up  the  bed  again,  got  in,  tried  to  sleep,  but  the  fates 
bad  decreed  that  I  should  not,  for  sleep  had  departed  to  climes 
to  me  unknown.  After  a  long  trial,  I  know  not  how  long,  I 
nervously  fell  into  its  arms  again,  but  was  suddenly  roused  by 
a  terrific  stream  of  unearthly  light,  flashing  through  the  win- 
dow, curtain  and  all,  and  blazing  over  the  room  from  floor  to 
ceiling!  Suddenly  drawing  the  curtain  aside,  I  beheld  a  great 
ball  of  fire,  as  large  as  the  sun  and  moon,  appear,  rushing  from 
the  direction  of  the  zenith,  and  describing  a  circular  or  parabolic 
curve  towards  the  far  distant  south-western  horizon !  Hearing 
at  the  same  time  a  great  uproar  among  the  servants  down  in  the 
yard,  I  sprang  from  the  bed  to  the  next  window,  and  looked  out 
upon  the  great  Meteoric  shower  of  the  12th  and  13th  of  Novem- 
ber, 1833.  Rushing  down  into  the  yard,  I  saw  a  squad  of  fright- 
ened servants,  so  terrified  indeed  that  they  knew  nothing  save 
that  the  world  was  coming  to  an  end.    The  old  soldier  appeared 


HISTORY   OF  MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  65 

at  the  door,  asked  me  to  come  into  his  room,  and  said  it  was 
nothing— he  had  seen  the  like  before.  The  shower  continued  till 
overpowered  by  daylight,  the  stars  rushing  down  through  space 
like  snow-flakes,  yet  vastly  more  luminous.  Fearful  balls  of  fire 
shot  madly  towards  the  earth,  like  the  pyrotechnic  rocket  shoots 
upward,  consuming  their  substance  in  flight,  or  losing  it  by  fric- 
tion against  the  walls  of  air.  Most  of  the  meteors  were  as  large 
and  brilliant  as  the  stars  themselves;  and  it  required  no  vivid 
imagination  to  suppose  that  these  celestial  bodies  were  then 
rushing  down  to  earth;  for  the  heavens  blazed  with  an  inces- 
sant discharge  of  fiery  globes  that  burst  in  countless  numbers 
from  the  cloudless  sky. 

"Leaving  the  old  soldier's  house,  I  hurried  on  to  Rockville, 
through  Gaithersburg,  looking  all  along  the  road  for  traces  of 
the  great  phenomenon;  some  natural  record  or  engraving  of  its 
occurrence;  but  could  discover  none,  save  in  the  eternal  Hint  of 
words  and  memory.     All  whom  I  talked  with  on  the  way  took 
a  religious  view  of  the  case,  none  venturing  an  astronomical  or 
meteorological    solution   of   the    great    problem    so  suddenly 
sprung  upon  them.     It  Avas  therefore  generally  believed  that 
the  time   had  come  when 'the  stars  of  heaven  shall   fall,' and 
when  'the  powers  of  the  heaven  shall  be  shaken,'  for  the  con- 
fusion was  so  great  that  not  one  could  call  to  mind  the  fact  that 
the  great  Egyptian,  Grecian,  Roman  and  Jewish  stars  of  empire 
and  powers  of  heaven,  referred  to  by  the  great  Teacher  and 
Prophet,  had  already  fallen  along  the  Mediterranean  shores,  to 
make  way  for  other  great  stars  of  empire,  climbing  the  canopy 
of  nations,  and  holding  their  way  westward. 

"At  Gaithersburg,  and  on  the  road  from  that  village  to 
Rockville,  I  met  great  numbers  of  people  hurrying  to  and  fro 
that  their  knowledge  might  be  increased.  The  theory  that  all 
the  stars  were  down  and  that  not  a  luminary  would  blaze  and 
twinkle  in  the  heavens  during  the  coming  night,  was  generally 
supported  by  those  who  took  a  Biblical  view  of  the  matter  on 
their 'own  hook;'  but  such  as  had  the  least  claim  to  common 
sense,  knew  better,  and  sought  an  explanation  somewhere  out- 
side of  the  lids  of  the  Bible. 

"About  9  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  13th,  I  reined  up 
before  the  old  hotel  in  Rockville,  and  soon  entered  the  bar-room, 
but  I  shall  break  down  in  the  attempt  to  describe  appearances 


<)<»  HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

in  that  room,  in  front  of  the  door,  on  the  porch,  in  the  street, 
and  wagon-yard, — not  that  [  did  not  see  mid  remember  well 
enough  to  do  so — but  that  description  was  so  beggared  that  no 
pen  was,  nor  is,  adequate  to  the  task. — I  saw  lawyers,  physi- 
cians, ministers,  farmers,  wagoners,  sportsmen  in  the  chase, 
and  at  the  card-table — all  repenting  of  their  sins;  confessing  to 
one  another;  taking  and  denying  positions,  and  covering  up 
tracks.  Certain  of  them  confessed  that  when  they  first  saw  the 
raging  meteoric  shower  cast  its  globes  of  fire  to  the  ground,  and 
against  the  outside  walls  and  the  windows  of  their  room,  they 
rushed  from  the  card-table,  cast  their  pack  into  the  fire,  and 
kneeled  in  prayer  before  a  long  neglected  throne  of*  mercy. 
They  prayed  ardently,  it  is  said,  until  the  shower  was  overpow- 
ered by  daylight,  and  just  as  1  entered  the  bar-room,  I  saw 
some  of  the  accused  coming  down  stairs  with  elongated  faces 
unwashed,  uncombed  hair,  unbrushed  clothing,  unblacked 
boots,  and  caved-in  beavers!  One  excited  orator  stood  forth  in 
the  bar  room,  and  declared  that  every  man,  who  believed  the 
big  stars  had  fallen,  was  a  fool;  for  he  had  watched  them  dur- 
ing the  whole  time  of  the  shower,  and  not  one  of  them  had  for- 
saken its  post  in  the  heavens..  'When  night  comes/ said  he, 
'you  may  miss  some  of  the  little  stars,  but  my  word  for  it,  the 
big  ones  will  be  there.'  Countrymen  on  their  way  to  market 
declared  that  they  saw  great  stars  fall,  explode  and  bury  their 
fragments  in  the  earth, 

"I  soon  left  for  Georgetown  to  gain  experience  there;  ami 
here,  in  conclusion,  I  remark,  that  persons  grown  up  since  the 
year  L833,  can  never  obtain  an  idea  of  the  great  meteoric 
Shower  worthy  of  the  name  of  an  idea,  for  it  must  be  seen  only 
to  lie  realized,  and  that  by  large  and  cultivated  capacities." 


chaptp:k  xi. 

First  Member  of  Congress  from  this  County.  Whisht/  Insurrec- 
tion in  Pennsylvcmia.  Names  of  Montgomerians  who  served  in 
the  Federal  Congress.  Hon.  Montgomery  Bladr  as  Cabinet 
Minister.  Members  of  Reform  Nate  Conventions,  L850-51, 
18(54,  1867.  First  County  Surveyor.  First  Schools.  An  Act 
for  Purchasing  School  Property.  Academics,  Colleges,  dr.,  and 
their  Students.  First  Church  in  the  County,  Parson  William 
»o»,  Rector. 

The  first  Member  of  Congress  from  this  County  was  General 
Jeremiah  (Jrabb,  a,  member  of  one  of  the  first  Congresses. 
At  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  war,  he  received-a  commis- 
sion as  Genera]  from  General  George  Washington,  and  was 
employed  against  the  whiskey  insurrectionists  in  Pennsylvania. 
This  was  occasioned  by  the  first  attempt  at  obtaining  a  revenue 
from  interna]  taxes,  by  an  Act,  passed  in  17!>1,  imposing  duties 
on  domestic  distilled  spirits.  This  Act  had  from  the  first  been 
very  unpopular  in  many  parts  of  the  country.  During  this  year 
tin1  attempts  to  enforce  the  Act  led  to  open  defiance  of  the  laws 
in  the  western  counties  of  Pennsylvania.  After  two  ineffectual 
proclamations  by  the  President,  he  was  compelled  to  call  into 
action  a   large  military  force,  in   order  to  quell   the  insurgents. 

The  names  of  the  different  gentlemen  who  have  at  various 
periods  since  served  in  the  Federal  Congress,  from  this  (  minty. 
are,  Patrice  Mag  rider,  Thomas  Plater.  Philip  Barton 
Key,  Alexander  Contee  Sanson,  at  one  time  chancellor 

of  the   Stale.  GEORGE    PETER,  GEORGE  C.  WASHINGTON,  and 

Richard  .!.  Bowie,  who  has  also  held  the  position  of  Chief 

.Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  Maryland,  and  is  now  one  of 
the  Associate  Justices  of  that  Court,  and  Chief  Judge  of  the 
Sixth  .Judicial  Circuit  of  this  State.  The  County  has  also  fur- 
nished one  Cabinet  .Minister  to  the  General  Government — Hon. 
Montgomery    Blair:    and   two    Presidents   of  the    .Mary- 


68  HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

land  Senate — Benjamin  S.  Forrest  and  William  Lingan 
Gaither. 

The  members  from  this  County  of  the  Reform  State  Conven- 
tion of  1850  and  1851,  were  Dr.  Washington  Waters,  James 
W.  Anderson,  John  Brewer,  Allen  Bowie  Davis,  and 
John  Mortimer  Kilgour.  Of  the  State  Convention  of  1804, 
Dr.  Edmond  P.  DuVall,  Thomas  Lansdale  and  George 
Peter;  and  of  the  Convention  ot  1807,  Dr.  Nicholas 
Brewer,  Dr.  Washington  DuVall,  Samuel  Riggs  of  R. 
and  Greenbury  M.  Watkins. 

Thomas  Davis  was  Surveyor  of  the  County  in  1790,  and 
besides  being  a  good  practical  surveyor,  was  frequently  elected 
to  represent  his  native  County  in  the  Legislature,  the  Electoral 
College  for  electing  the  State  Senators,  under  the  old  Constitu- 
tion, and  as  a  member  of  the  Governor's  Council.  He  served 
as  a  Justice  of  the  Peace,  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Tax  Com- 
missioners, Judge  of  the  Levy  and  Orphans'  Courts,  and  also  was 
one  of  the  Associate  Judges  of  the  County  Court,  before  the 
change  of  the  system  requiring  all  three  of  the  Judges  to  be 
taken  from  the  legal  profession.  Besides  these  public  duties, 
he  was  frequently  called  upon  to  draw  deeds,  wills  and  con- 
tracts, and  to  act  as  umpire  or  arbitrator  in  settling  disputes 
between  neighbors  and  other  citizens  of  the  County.  He  was 
also  one  of  the  founders  and  leading  trustees  of  the  Brookville 
Academy,  and  of  St.  Bartholomew's  Protestant  Episcopal 
(march,  in  whose  Vestry  and  Communion  he  died  in  1833,  in 
the  sixty-tilth  year  of  his  age,  deeply  lamented  and  mourned 
by  a  wide  circle  of  friends  and  relatives, — a  life  worthy  of  record 
and  imitation. 

An  Act  for  the  encouragement  of  learning  and  erecting  schools 
in  the  several  Counties  of  the  State,  passed  in  1723,  enacted 
that  one  school  should  be  established  in  each  County,  with  seven 
visitors  appointed  for  each,  with  power  to  hold  lands  to  the 
value  of  one  hundred  pounds  sterling  per  annum,  and  were 
required  to  purchase  one  hundred  acres  of  land  for  the  use  of 
the  school,  and  erect  necessary  buildings  for  master  and  school, 
and  certain  moneys  were  appropriated,  and  directed  to  be 
equally  divided  between  the  Counties. 

The  masters  were  required  to  teach  as  many  poor  children  as 
the  Visitors  should  determine.     Under  this  law,  County  Schools 


HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  69 

were  erected  in  all  the  older  and  more  populous  Counties.  In 
further  pursuance  of  this  policy,  the  Assembly  of  1703,  chapter 
32,  declaring  it  was  reasonable  that  education  should  be 
extended  equally  to  the-geveral  parts  of  the  Province,  and  that 
there  should  be  a  Public* School  erected  in  Frederick  County, 
as  well  as  in  other  Counties.  In  order  to  the  erecting  and  build- 
ing a  house  and  other  conveniences  for  a  County  School,  enacted 
there  should  be  one  acre  purchased  iu  Frederick  Town,  in  Fred- 
erick County ;  that  Col.  Thomas  Cresap,  Mr.  Thos.  Beatty,  Mr. 
Nathan  Magruder,  Capt.  Joseph  Chapline,  Mr.  John  Darnall, 
>  Col.  Samuel  Bead  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Thomas  Bacon,  be  Visitors 
of  the  School,  and  authorized  to  purchase  the  lot.  It  was 
further  enacted  that  an  equal  dividend  of  the  duties,  taxes,  &c, 
collected  for  the  use  of  the  County  Schools,  shall  be  paid  to 
said  Visitors,  and  applied  to  the  purchase  of  said  lots  and 
buildings. 

The  Public  School  System,  under  the  control  of  the  Church 
of  England,  although  tainted  with  the  intolerance  of  the  period, 
displays  a  commendable  solicitude  for  the  cultivation  of  the 
minds  and  morals  of  the  youth  of  the  Colony.  In  the  absence 
of  Collegiate  Institutions,  Private  Schools  conducted  by  learned 
men,  ecclesiastical  and  lay,  of  all  creeds,  laid  the  foundation  of 
scholastic  knowledge.  The  more  affluent  youth  were  educated 
abroad;  but  the  log  school  house,  and  the  winter  fireside, 
developed  the  seeds  of  science  in  many  minds,  and  produced  a 
race  of  men  of  extraordinary  mental  endowments  and  capacity 
for  public  affairs. 

The  first  School  of  any  reputation  in  the  County,  was  a  Sem- 
inary for  young  men,  established  towards  the  close  of  the 
Revolutionary  War,  by  Mr.  James  Hunt,  a  Presbyterian 
Clergyman  from  Philadelphia,  on  his  farm  called  "TUSCULUM," 
now  memorable  as  the  Alma  Mater  of  William  Wirt.  It  was 
here  he  was  prepared,  as  far  as  scholastic  training  could  pro- 
par*'  him, for  that  brilliant  career  which  has  made  his  name  one 
of  the  most  illustrious  in  American  annals. 

The  next  Classical  Institution  established  in  the  County,  was 
the  IloCKViLLE  Academy,  chartered  in  1809,  and  the  J.rooke- 
ville  Academy  next  in  1814.  Both  of  these  Institutions  are 
handsomeh  endowed  by  the  State,  and  have  been  in  successful 
operation  ever  since  their  foundation,  and  have  exerted  a  refin- 


70  HISTORY    OF   MONTGOMERY    COUNTY. 

ing  and  elevating  influence,  not  only  on  the  youth  of  the  Comity, 
but  extending  throughout  the  different  sections  of  the  country. 

Many  private  institutions  of  learning-,  of  efficiency  and  repu- 
tation, have  since  been  established  aJf  Kockville,  Brookeville, 
Sandy  Spring,  Darnestown  and  Poflftsville,  while  the  Public 
School  System  is  the  best  that  could  be  devised.  Involuntary 
ignorance  is  no  longer  possible,  and  ignorance  of  every  kind  is 
being  rapidly  eradicated. 

A  description  of  one  of  the  early  schools  will  be  interesting, 
describing  the  scenes  and  incidents  connected  with  education 
fifty  years  ago,  at  the  Barnesvllle  Academy,  near  the 
Village  of  Barnesville  in  this  <  Ymuty.  It  was  called  in  those 
days  Hays'  School  House,  and  consisted  of  a  room  sixty  feet 
long  by  thirty  feet  wide,  built  to  accommodate  about  one  hun- 
dred scholars;  old  style  desks,  carefully  made  with  drawers  for 
keeping  the  books  in  safe  condition,  were  arranged  around  the 
walls,  and  along  the  middle  of  the  floor.  Two  ten  plate  stoves, 
made  for  burning  wood,  half  the  cord  stick  in  length,  warmed 
the  hall ;  shelves  extended*  all  around  the  upper  part  of  the 
walls  near  the  ceiling,  for  the  storage  of  grtib  baskets;  and  nails 
were  driven  in  the  walls,  close  under  these  shelves,  for  the 
hanging  up  of  cloaks,  hats,  bonnets  and  shawls.  The  princi- 
pal's desk  was  placed  at  the  south  end  of  the  hall.  On  it  sat 
the  bell,  the  much  dreaded  bell  in  ''play  time,"  whose  sound 
must  not  be  disregarded.  Before  it,  reposed  the  rattan,  a 
foreigner  by  growth,  yet  it  frequently  made  itself  too  familiar 
with  the  school  boys,  for  the  comfort  of  the  latter.  Contrary 
to  the  general  laws  of  war,  it  would  attack  them  in  the  rear, 
and  make  retreat  impossible. 

The  halcyon  days  of  the  academy  Mere  from  1830  to  1836; 
Thomas  Garr  Lannan,  a  graduate  of  Belfast  College,  Ireland, 
was  the  principal;  and,  for  a  time,  .Mr.  Rogers  and  Mr.  McGary, 
two  voting  candidates  for  holy  orders  in  the  Catholic  Church, 
his  assistants. 

Beginning  with  the  young  ladies,  who  graded  high  in  [Mr. 
Lannan's  classes,  comes  Miss  Henrietta  llerwood,  a  beautiful 
and  queenhj  young  lady,  sixteen  or  seventeen  years  of  age, 
who  came  four  miles  to  school,  riding  on  the  same  horse,  behind 
her  elder  brother.  She  was  an  orphan  and  resided  with  the 
family  of  Richard  A.  Harding  near  the  month  of  Monocacy; 


HISTORY   OF  MONTGOMERY    COUNTY.  71 

Miss  Mary  Plummer,  a  mild  and  gifted  young  lady  of  sixteen, 
beautiful  of  face  and  form,  with  energies  Bufficii  iduce 

her  to  scon,  the  foot  of  any  class:  Miss  Caroline  Murphy,  the 
accomplished  belle  of  the.  Sugar  Loaf,  so  charming  as  to  be  able 
to  break  multitudes  of  sfftng  hearts  without  her  knowledge  or 
cousent.  She  rendered  "Old  Zip  Toon"  so  sweetly  on"  the 
piano,  that,  on  oft-repeated  occasions,  the  light  fantastic  toe  of 
her  admirers  would  be  set  in  motion  keeping  time  with  the 
melody.  Miss  Martha  Hayes,  a,  very  neat  and  handsome  figure 
deep  blue  eyes,  and  intellectual  forehead  and  face:  she  wa 
gifted  in  conversation,  and  general  favorite  in  the  school.  Miss 
Mary  Xicholls  a  beautiful,  intellectual,  and  winning-  young  lady, 
bound  to  gravitate  to  the  head  of  her  class;  .Miss  Frances  Trail! 
who  fell  behind  none  of  the  above  mentioned  in  accomplish- 
ments, and  .Miss  Jane,  her  sister,  a  handsome  blue-eyed  girl,  a 
sharp  scholar,  and  general  favorite;  Miss  Sarah  Ellen  Hays, 
a  rare  beauty,  sweet  singer,  and  an  accomplished  performer  on 
the  piano;  Miss  Ellen  Jones,  sixteen  years  old,  beautiful  and 
winning  and  a  great  favorite,  highly  esteemed  by  all  her  class- 
mates; Miss  Mary  Pearre,  sister  of  Judge  Pearre  of  Allegany 
County,  not  less  beautiful  than  her  classmates,  yet  more  affec- 
tionate than  many— her  face  just  as  intellectual  as  fair,  was 
always  seen  at  the  head  of  her  class,  or  thereabouts;  Mis. 
Catharine  Pearre,  her  sister— the  words  spoken  of  Mary  are 
admirably  adapted  to  her  also;  Miss  Henrietta  Wilcoxen,  was 
the  queen  among  the  beauties  of  the  County. 

These  young  ladies  bore  the  old  names  of  the  County  which 
carried  a  prestige,  socially,  of  dominant  influence.  They 
silently  told  the  story  of  their  well-bred  existence  to  every  one 
who  saw  them;  and  appeared  to  be,  as  they  really  were,  the 
daughters  of  unostentatious  gentlemen  of  the  old  school,  who 
planted  and  built  for  themselves  and  their  posterity. 

The  young  gentlemen  who  attended  the  academy  at  this  time 
were  Edward  Hays,  Mortimore  Trail.  Oscar  Trail,  Thomas 
Nichols,  Richard  Belt,  Thomas  Harwood,  John  Bellman,  Gassa- 
way  Grimes,  Howard  Bellman,  Thomas  Johnson,  James  Pearre, 
Thomas  Austin,  Stephen  Jay,  Pickering  White,  George  Pearre! 
David  Ilershey,  John  Hershey,  Lemuel  Peall.  Avery  Bell, 
William  Bellman,  Richard  Thompson,  .John  Reid,  Robert   Self 


72  HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY  COUNTY. 

man,  William  Saffell,  Hamilton  Anderson,  King  Jay,  Reuben 
Carley,  Philemon  Plummer. 

Gassaway  Grimes,  Richard  Thompson  and  John  Reid 
belonged  to  the  higher  Latin  and  Greek  classes.  They  entered 
upon  the  study  of  medicine,  graduated,  and  became  very 
respectable  in  the  profession. 

Dr.  Thomson  now  lives  in  Clarksburg  and  has  an  extensive 
practice,  surrounded  by  his  children  and  grand-children ;  he  bids 
fair  to  live  long  in  the  enjoyment  of  his  pleasant  surroundings. 
Dr.  Reid  lives  in  Washington  County;  Dr.  Grimes  died  in 
early  life,  not  long  after  he  commenced  practice. 

(  >scar  Trail,  Edward  Hays,  Richard  Belt  and  Thomas  John- 
son belonged  to  the  same  class,  and  stood  foremost  in  the 
academical  course. 

Mr.  Trail  commenced  the  mercantile  business  in  Baltimore, 
where  he  became  a  highly  respected  and  successful  merchant, 
but,  to  the  great  regret  of  all  his  friends  and  classmates,  died 
early  in  life,  leaving  a  young  family.  Messrs.  Hays,  Belt  and 
Johnson  took  up  some  learned  profession. 

George  Bearre  studied  law  in  Frederick,  became  learned  in 
the  profession,  and  removed  to  Cumberland,  where  he  became  a 
Judge  of  Allegany  Comity,  whose  distinguished  abilities  on  the 
Bench  fully  declare  his  worth. 

William  and  Robert  Sellman  were  respectable  and 
ciii  nest  scholars,  bent  on  "a  business  education,"  which  this 
school  well  afforded.  They  made  successful  business  men, 
highly  respected  in  the  community;  John  is  now  residing  in 
Baltimore  in  very  easy  circumstances,  and  lias  recently  rilled 
a  seat  in  the  City  Council  with  much  ability  and  favor.  Robert 
i,»  also  in  Baltimore,  where  he  has,  for  a  great  number  of  years, 
held  and  is  still  holding,  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the 
mercantile  community,  the  office  of  Inspector  of  Flour.  William 
now  resides  in  our  County,  and  has  recently  represented  it  in 
the  Senate  of  Maryland,  in  a  manner  very  satisfactory  to  his 
constituents. 

John  Eershey,  a  noble  young  man,  went  into  the  ministry, 
after  winning  many  prizes  in  the  Latin  and  Creek  classes,  and 
became  a  useful  and  prominent  Minister  of  the  Gospel. 

At  this  school,  the  foundations  for  a  thorough  business  educa- 
tion were  well  and  truly  laid  down  under  the  personal  superin- 


HISTORY   OF  MONTGOMERY  COUNTY.  73 

tendence  of  the  principal,  and  a  training  for  the  higher 
collegiate  course  was  performed  by  him  in  a  scholarly  manner. 
All  the  Latin  historians,  poets,  and  orators  occurring  in  the 
course  between  Jacob's  Latin  Eeader,  and  the  polished  sen- 
tences of  Tacitus  wen-  well  read  and  understood,  and  a  similar 
Greek  course  kept  equal  pace  with  the  Latin.  A  "business 
education,"  as  understood  at  the  Barnesville  Academy,  consisted 
in  reading  through  the  "English  Reader,"  committing  to 
memory  a  definition  of  all  the  words  iu  Walker's  Small  Diction 
an,  ciphering  as  far  as  the  "Single  Rule  of  Three"  in  Arith- 
metic, with  Grammar  from  Murray  or  Kirkham,  sufficient  to 
qualify  the  student  to  write  an  essay  or  letter  over  a  half  sheet 
of  the  large  foolscap  paper  used  in  that  day.  To  this  was 
added  Single  Entry  Book-Keeping,  done  on  unruled  paper, 
stitched  together;  for  the  purpose  with  needle  and  thread;  but 
more  frequently  with  awl  and  "wax  end,"  obtained  from  shoe 
shops  in  the  village.  A  balance  sheet  was  struck  ;it  the  end  of 
six  months,  the  course  was  finished,  the  student  then  graduated 
with  "a  business  education"  and  retired  from  the  school.  This 
is  what  was  generally  understood  as  a  business  education  fifty 
years  ago. 

Graduating  with  a  business  education,  with  brains  sharpened 
for  the  contest,  the  student,  instead  of  retiring  to  the  pursuits 
of  life,  would  often  enter  the  higher  classes,  springing  as  a  lion 
into  the  arena,  then  woe  to  the  poor  stragglers  in  the  rear,  lor 
somebody  must  "step  down  and  out,"  or  make  rapid  strides 
towards  the  front 

After  a  course  of  gentle  hazing,  the  new  student  was  fully 
admitted  into  the  society  of  the  school.  This  was  done  by 
enticing  the  freshman  into  some  amusing  scrape  with  the 
principal,  by  ducking  him  in  the  snow  in  the  winter;  or  he  was 
by  strategy  on  the  part  of  the  old  regulars,  repeatedly  brought 
to  "tin-  knucks,"  at  the  game  of  marbles  played  in  holes,  until 
his  hands  were  severely  bruised.  Mr.  Lannan  always  made  it 
a  point  to  ascertain  from  the  new  scholar  what  business  he 
wished  to  follow  when  grown  up  to  manhood,  and  trained  him 
accordingly,  directing  special  and  constant  attention  to  the 
development  of  all  his  capacities  in  that  direction. 

Public  examinations  were  periodically  held  at  the  Academy. 
For  a  month  or  more  previous  they  were  drilled  for  the  great 
6 


74  HISTORY   OF  MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

competitive  struggle,  in  hard  questions  calculated  to  span  over 
every  branch  of  study. 

There  was  little  or  no  literature  in  the  early  days  of  the 
County. 

But  the  public  archives,  the  proceedings,  reports,  resolutions, 
and  letters  of  public  men,  embodied  in  the  Journals  of  the  Con- 
vention; the  legislation  of  the  State  immediately  succeeding  its 
organization  as  an  independent  sovereign  power;  the  judicial 
opinions  and  the  brilliant  career  of  members  of  the  bar  edu- 
cated before  and  after,  Martin,  Pinkney,  Wirt,  Taney,  Johnson, 
and  men  of  that  stamp,  attest  that  the  fountains  from  which 
(hey  drank  were  both  pure  and  invigorating. 

The  first  church  in  the  County  was  the  Rock  Creek  Church, 
in  the  Parish  of  Prince  George,  which  extended  over  a  portion 
of  Prince  George's  County,  and  what  is  now  the  District  of 
Columbia,  and  the  whole  of  Montgomery  and  .  Frederick 
Counties,  but  now  only  embraces  a  small  territory  around 
Roekville.  Parson  Williamson  was  the  Rector  in  charge  at  the 
breaking  out  of  the  Revolutionary  War,  and  built  the  fine  old 
mansion  of  Hayes,  formerly  the  seat  of  the  Duulaps,  and  now 
the  property  of  William  Laird,  Esq.  He  was  supported  by  the 
compulsory  tithe  system. 


CHAPTER   XII. 

First  Public  Roads.  Rolling  Tobacco  to  Market.  Union  Turn- 
pike. Washington,  Colesville  and  Ashton.  Columbia.  The 
Old  Baltimore.  Rieer  Road.  Old  Annapolis.  Conduit.  Old 
Potomac  Company.  Subscriptions  to  said  Company.  Chesa- 
peake and  Ohio  Canal.  Coal  Elerators  in  Georgetown.  First 
Railroad  in  the  Country.  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad. 
Metropolitan  Branch. 

The  first  public  roads  mentioned  in  the  County,  are  the  roads 
i'rom  Georgetown  to  Frederick,  and  from  Georgetown  to  Watts' 
Branch,  provided  for  in  the  loan  granted  to  the  several  Counties 
for  road  purposes,  by  the  Act  of  Assembly,  1774.  The  next 
mention  is  of  the  road  from  Frederick  to  Georgetown,  the  road 
from  Georgetown  to  the  mouth  of  the  Monocacy,  and  from  the 
mouth  of  Monocacy  to  Montgomery  Court  House,  (in  the  Act  of 
Assembly,  1 790,  to  straighten  and  amend  the  public  roads  in 
the  several  Counties.)  The  planters  at  that  early  period  did  not 
use  wheeled  vehicles,  but  attached  a  sapling  to  each  end  of  a 
tobacco  hogshead,  and  thus  formed  a  pair  of  shafts,  by  which 
they  hauled  the  hogsheads  for  shipment  to  Europe,  to  Bladeus- 
burg,  Georgetown,  Elk  Ridge,  and  Baltimore,  and  brought 
back  their  supplies  of  groceries  and  other  necessaries  on 
the  backs  of  horses.  They  even  brought  their  annual  supply 
of  herring  and  shad  in  this  manner.  Their  clothing  and 
bed  linen  were  chiefly  woven  from  home-grown  flax  and 
wool.  Their  personal  travel  was  done  exclusively  on  horse- 
back. 

Roads  after  this  period  rapidly  multiplied.  The  turnpike 
from  Kockville  to  Georgetown,  the  first  paved  road  in  the 
County,  was  originally  chartered  in  1800;  but  was  actually 
constructed  under  an  amendatory  Act,  containing  the  chief 
provisions  of  its  present  charter,  passed  in  1817. 


76  HISTORY   OF  MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

The  Union  Turnpike  Road,  leading  from  Washington  to 
Brookeville,  was  chartered  in  1849.  It  has  recently  built  several 
branch  roads, 

The  Washington,  Colesville  and  Ashton  Turnpike  road, 
chartered  in  1870. 

The  Columbia  road  runs  from  Washington  to  Westminster, 
passing  through  Brookeville. 

The  Old  Baltimore  road  runs  through  the  County,  commenc- 
ing on  the  Monocacy  near  its  mouth. 

The  River  road  runs  along  the  Potomac  from  Georgetown  to 
White's  Ferry. 

The  old  Annapolis  road  runs  from  the  Brookeville  Turnpike, 
near  Mitchell's  Cross  Roads  to  Annapolis. 

The  Conduit  road  froin  Georgetown  to  the  Great  Falls  on  the 
Potomac  River,  was  completed  in  1875.  Tt  follows  the  line  of 
the  Washington  Aqueduct,  and  crosses  Cabin  John  Branch  on 
a  bridge  of  a  single  arch,  the  longest  span  in  the  world.  This 
Aqueduct  is  also  a  Montgomery  County  work,  having  its  source 
and  almost  its  entire  line  within  the  limits  of  the  County,  and 
its  permissive  right  from  the  State  of  Maryland. 

The  initial  movement  towards  internal  improvement  in  North 
America,  was  inaugurated  in  this  County,  in  1774,  two  years 
before  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  and  ten  years  before  the 
organization  of  the  old  Potomac  Company.  George  Washing- 
ton and  Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton,  were  conspicuous  as 
promoters  of  the  movement.  The  following  is  a  copy  of  an  old 
subscription  paper,  showing  the  names  of  the  subscribers  and 
the  amounts. 

"We,  the  subscribers,  have  considered  John  Ballendine's 
plan  and  proposals  for  clearing  Potowmack  River,  and  do  ap- 
prove of  it;  and  to  enable  him  to  set  about  that  useful  and 
necessary  undertaking,  do  hereby  agree  and  promise  severally. 

to  '-on tribute  such  assistance,  or  pay  such  sums  as  we  respec- 
tively subscribe,  to  the  Trustees  named  in  the  said  plan  and 
proposals,  or  to  their  order  at  such  times  and  places,  and  in 
such  proportions  as  shall  be  required  by  them,  for  the  purpose 
of  clearing  the  said  River.  Witness  our  hands  this  tenth 
day  of  October,  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and 
seventy-four. 


HISTORY   OF  MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  77 

"K  B. — As  nothing  effectual  can  probably  be  done  for  less 
than  about  thirty  thousand  pounds,  this  subscription  is  not  to 
be  binding  unless  to  the  value  of  thirty  thousand  pounds,  Penn- 
sylvania Currency,  should  be  subscribed. 

"George  Washington,  five  hundred  pounds  Virginia  Cur- 
rency ; 

"Ralph  Wormely,  "  "  "  -  « 

"Th.  Johnson,  Jr.,  for  self  and  Mr.  L.  Jacques,  £500  Penn'a 
Cur'y. 

"Dan  of  St,  Thos.  Jenifer,  three  hundred  pounds,  Dol'rs  at 
7s.  M. 

"Geo.  Plaix,  three  hundred  pounds,  Currency. 

"T.  Ridout,  two  hundred  pounds,  Currency. 

"Daniel  Dulany's  son  Walter,  £200,  Currency. 

"David  Ross,  for  the  Fredericksburg  (Vs.  500  pounds  Pen's 
Cur'y. 

"David  Ross,  for  himself,  300  pounds  Pennsylvania  Currency. 

"Datfl  and  Sam'l  Hughes,  five  hundred  pounds  Penn.  Cur- 
rency. 

"Benj.  Dulany,  five  hundred  pounds  Pennsylvania  Money. 

"Thos.  Ringgold,  one  thousand  pounds,  Pennsylvania  Cur- 
rency. 

"  W.  Ellzey,  one  hundred  pounds. 

"Jonas  Clapham,  one  hundred  pounds,  Virginia  Currency. 

"William  Deakins,  Jr.,  one  hundered  pounds — dollars,  at 
7.v.  (ul, 

"Joseph  Chapline,  fifty  pounds  common  current  money. 

"Tho.  Richardson,  fifty  pounds,  Pennsylvania   Currency. 

"Thomas  Johns,  fifty  pounds,  common  Currency. 

"Adam  Stephen,  two  hundred  pounds,  Pennsylvania  Cur- 
rency . 

"Boot  and  Tho.  Rutherford,  one  hundred  pounds,  Penn'a 
Cur'y. 

"Francis   Deakins,   one  hundred   pounds,   Com'u   Cur'y   of  - 
Maryland. 

"Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton,  £1000,  Cur'cy,  Dol.  at 
T.v.  M. 

"By  Act  of  Assembly  in  1781.  the  State  of  Virginia  gave  to 
'George  Washington,  Esq..'  fifty  thousand  shares,  capital  stock 
of  the  Potomac  Company,  and  one  hundred  thousand  shares  of 


78  HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

the  James  River  Company's  stock  to  testify  their  sense  of  'his 
unexampled  merits  towards  his  country.'  For  this  Washington 
returned  his  thanks  in  the  most  profound  and  grateful  manner, 
but  respectfully  declined  the  gift;  and  in  doing  so,  he  uses  these 
memorable  words,  which  ought  to  be  printed  in  gold  over  the 
door  of  every  man  who  accepts  high  public  trust,— 'When  I  was 
called  to  the  station  with  which  I  was  honored  during  the  late 
conflict  for  our  liberties,  I  thought  it  to  be  my  duty  to  join  to  a 
tirm  resolution  to  shut  my  hands  against  every  pecuniary 
recoinpence;  to  this  resolution  I  have  invariably  adhered;  from 
this  resolution  (if  I  had  the  inclination)  I  do  not  consider  my- 
self at  liberty  to  depart.'" 

The  old  Potomac  Company  was  chartered  in  1784,  and  Gen- 
eral Washington  was  its  first  President,  and  assisted  in  person 
in  the  survey  of  the  river.  The  object  of  the  Company,  was  to 
render  the  upper  Potomac  River  navigable  by  the  means  of 
locks,  dams  aud  short  canals. 

The  work  was  so  far  proceeded  with  as  to  afford  a  precarious 
navigation  at  high  water  for  batteaux  or  flat  bottomed  boats, 
from  Cumberland  to  Georgetown.    But  the  route  was  exceed- 
ingly dangerous,  and  a  great  number  of  boats  were  wrecked 
every  spring.     The  people  of  Cooney,  a  settlement  on  the  Vir- 
ginia   shore  of   the  Potomac,  at  and  around  its  Little  Falls, 
obtained  from  the  wrecks  a  bountiful  supply  of  flour,  meat  and 
groceries,  and  with  the  tish  taken  from  the  river,  furnished  them 
with  their  principal  means  of  support. 
I         The  Chesapeake  and   Ohio   Canal,  which  succeeded   the  old 
Potomac  Canal,  was  first  projected  in   182;!   by   the  States  of 
Maryland,  Virginia  and  Pennsylvania,  and  the  National  Govern- 
ment.    It  was  chartered  by  the  State  of  Virginia  in  lSi>4;  but 
its  organization  was  not  completed  until  1828,      It  is  one  of  the 
greatest  works  of  internal   improvement  in  the  country  and  of 
inestimable  value  to  the  people,  extending  as  it  does,  along  ihe 
entire  Western  bolder,  and  ottering  cheap  transportation  to  some 
of  the  richest  sections  of  the  County. 

An  evidence  of  the  magnitude  of  the  business  transmitted 
over  the  Canal  in  the  one  article  of  coal  alone,  can  be  formed 
from  the  number  of  boats  unloaded  at  the  elevators  in  George- 
town every  year.  Last  year  six  thousand  boats  unloaded  at 
these   elevators,  averaging  one    hundred  and   twelve   tons  each, 


HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  79 

making  the  total  number  of  tons  received,  six  hundred  and  sev- 
enty-two thousand.  Some  years  past  it  has  amounted  to  over 
one  million  tons.  The  facilities  for  unloading  are  so  perfect,  that 
from  fifty  to  sixty  boats  can  be  unloaded  per  day.  The  freight 
from  Cumberland  is  about  eighty -five  cents  per  ton,  while  the 
toll  amounts  to  forty  cents  per  ton.  The  Collector's  office  for 
the  Company  Is  at  Georgetown,  and  William  E.  Porter  is  super- 
intendent of  the  ('anal  Company.  Mr.  Porte]-  is  from  Cecil 
County,  and  was  appointed  superintendent  in  1878.  Previous 
to  this,  he  was  with  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  Company 
for  twenty-seven  years,  tweuty  years  as  assistant  master 
and  seven  years  as  supervisor  of  the  road.  During  the 
war  he  had  general  charge  of  repairing  and  constructing 
bridges  west  of  Harper's  Ferry.  Previous  to  the  battle  of 
Winchester,  General  Shields  ordered  him  to  construct  a  suspen- 
sion bridge  across  Back  Creek,  for  the  passage  of  his  army. 
He  accomplished  the  work  in  three  hours,  over  which  General 
Shields  and  his  army  of  sixteen  thousand  men  crossed  in  safety. 
Mr.  Porter  received  the  acknowledgments  of  the  General  after 
the  battle. 

The  Collector  is  William  Snowden.  from  Anne  Arundel 
County,  and  has  a  thorough  acquaintance  with  the  duties  of 
the  office.  Mr.  P.  M.  Griffith,  who  has  been  connected  with  the 
Canal  since  1870,  is  Assistant  Collector,  and  is  from  Beallsville, 
Montgomery  County. — Mr.  dames  8.  Kemp,  of  Clarksburg, 
Montgomery  County,  is  Harbor  Master,  and  is  assisted  by 
Mr.  Frank  Fisher,  from  near  Darnestown,  of  this  County. 

In  1830,  the  ('anal  Company  constructed  a  railroad  four  or 
tive  miles  in  length,  10  facilitate  the  transportation  of  stone 
from  the  great  "White  Quarry,"  at  the  foot  of  Sugar  Loaf 
Mountain,  for  the  building  of  an  Aqueduct  over  the  river 
Monocaoy  at  its  junction  with  the  Potomac. 

Ebtcavations  for  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  may  have 
commenced  before  the  excavations  for  this  little  mountain 
road,  yel  it  is  quite  certain  that  here  the  first  rails  were  laid, 
and  here  the  first  railroad  in  Maryland,  and  perhaps  the  first  in 
the  United  States,  was  put  in  full  operation.  The  Canal  Com- 
pany, in  preparing  to  construct  the  great  Aqueduct  at  the 
mouth  of  Monoeaey.  first  thought  of  the  transportation  of 
ponderous   hewn   stone  from   the  foot   of  the   Sugar   Loaf,    by 


80  HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

routes  over  which  wagons  could  not  possibly  pass,  and  pro- 
ceeded to  construct  the  first,  and  now  almost  forgotten  railroad. 
As  short  as  it  was,  and  diminutive  as  it  appeared  before  other 
great  lines  of  road,  which  soon  followed  on  its  construction,  it 
should  be  described  in  the  history  of  the  County.  Iron  rails 
were  not  used,  the  wooden  ones,  or  "  string  pieces,"  as  they 
were  called,  consisted  of  nothing  more  than  trunks  of.  trees, 
generally  oak,  cut  from  twelve  to  sixteen  feet  long,  so  as  to 
allow  the  diameter  at  the  smaller  end  to  be  not  less  than  eight 
or  ten  inches.  Along  the  whole  length  of  these  string  pieces  a 
groove  or  triangular  trough  was  cut  with  an  adze  from  the  cir- 
cumference to  the  centre,  taking  out  a  fourth  part  of  the  wood, 
which  left  two  flat  surfaces,  forming  a  right  angle  at  the  heart 
or  centre  of  the  log.  The  trackway  was  graded  and  the  log,  or 
string  piece,  put  down  with  one  of  its  flat  surfaces  parallel  with 
the  surface  of  the  ground,  and  the  other  perpendicular  to  it. 
The  perimeter  of  the  car-wheel  ran  on  the  flat  surface  of  the 
groove  or  trough,  and  the  outside  or  outward  edge  of  the  peri- 
meter moved  along  the  perpendicular  surfaces  of  the  string 
piece  on  each  side  of  the  track,  holding  the  car  firmly  in  its 
place,  and  preventing  it  from  running  off  to  the  ground.  The 
rraek  was  firmly  ballasted  on  the  inner  and  outer  side  with  blast 
rock.  This  was  generally  called,  simply,  blarst  by  the  Irish 
laborers,  because  it  consisted  of  small  pieces  of  rock  thrown  off 
by  blasting.  A  smooth  path  was  made  between  the  string 
pieces  to  accommodate  two  horses  abreast.  No  cross  ties  were 
used;  the  weight  of  the  string  pieces  and  the  stone  ballast  was 
sufficient  to  bind  the  track  together.  When  one  flat  surface  of 
the  rail  or  string  piece  was  worn  and  split  by  the  pressure  of 
the  wheel,  the  other  was  turned  down  by  turning  the  rails  -'end 
for  end,"  or  from  "side  to  side,"  of  the  track,  and  thus  the  road 
was  repaired,  until  it  became  necessary  to  put  in  new  string- 
pieces.  The  road  was  built  up  hill  and  down,  through  a  rough 
ami  mountainous  country,  for  the  greater  part  of  the  way- 
very  little  grading  being  done.  The  cars  consisted  of  a  plain 
wooden  platform  only,  supported  by  iron  wheels  and  axles. 
One  wheel,  or  more,  on  each  car,  had  cogs  on  the  inside  of  the 
perimeter,  into  which  au  iron  lever  could  play,  so  as  to  lock  a 
wheel  or  two  in  going  down  hill.  The  lever  was  held  in  the 
hand  of  the  driver  of  the  horses;  and  when  the  wheel  or  wheels 


HISTORY   OF  MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  81 

were  locked,  the  car,  witli  its  great  load  of  hewn  rock,  would, 
to  the  relief  of  the  horses,  slide  down  the  hill  like  a  locked 
wagon  on  an  earthen  road.  Snow  was  removed  from  the  track 
by  Irish  laborers  with  shovels.  A  car  containing  tools  and 
provisions,  with  "gigger"  cups  and  big  jugs,  was  dispatched 
from  each  terminus  of  the  road  to  clean  off  snow,  and  when  the 
two  parties  met  on  the  road  double  giggers  were  dealt  out  by 
the  "grog  boss,"  and  great  hilarity  pleasantly  followed,  unless 
the  laborers  happened  to  be  hostile,  and  then  an  attempt  might 
be  made  to  repeat  the  battle  of  the  Boyne.  The  road  was  kept 
in  active  operation  until  the  Aqueduct  was  finished,  and  then 
abandoned  to  decay.  Most  of  the  string-  pieces,  however,  were 
soon  seized  by  the  mountaineers  for  firewood,  and  the  ballast 
hauled  off  to  build  and  repair  stone  fences. 

The  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad,  the  pioneer  of  all  the  great 
railroad  systems  of  the  world,  was  chartered  in  1827.  This  is 
not  strictly  a  Montgomery  work,  and  nowhere  touches  the 
County,  yet  as  it.  together  with  its  Washington  Branch,  skirts 
the  entire  eastern  and  northern  borders  and  approaches  nearly 
to  the  western  boundaries,  and  has  been  of  such  great  import- 
ance to  so  large  a  portion  of  the  people  of  the  County,  th. 
sketch  of  some  of  the  results  accomplished  by  the  building  of 
the  road  will  be  interesting. 

The  Metropolitan  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad 
was  chartered  in  18(55,  and  completed  and  operated  in  the  spring 
of  1873.  The  road  runs  diagonally  through  the  County  from  its 
north-west  corner  to  its  south-eastern  extremity,  and  is  avail- 
able to  nearly  every  sectiou  of  it,  and  when  its  Hanover  Switch 
Branch  is  constructed,  every  neighborhood  of  the  County  will 
be  within  easy  reach  of  either  a  railroad  or  canal. 

Richard  Randolph,  Assistant  Engineer,  located  the  whole 
line,  and  was  then  transferred  to  Valley  Road  of  Virginia. 

dames  A.  Boyd  had  the  first  contract,  which  was  for  section 
11,  Parr's  Ridge,  which  is  here  250  fret  lower  than  the  Parr's 
Ridge  on  Main  Line;  this  was  a  deep  cut  three-fourths  of  a 
mile  long,  running  from  grade  to  30  feel  cut  in  one-fourth,  then 
30  feet  for  one-fourth  of  a  mile,  then  running  out  in  the  next 
one-fourth  of  a  mile.  About  the  time  this  section  was  finished, 
several  of  the  next  heaviest  were  put  under  contract. 

James  A.  Boyd  took  sections  II),  12,  13,  14,  !."">  and  Ilk 
Henry  Gautz,  17,  18,  L9  and  20.     E.  1>.  Smith,  section  7,  indud- 


82  HISTORY    OF    MONTGOMERY    COUNTY. 

ing  the  masonry  of  Bridge  over  Monocacy  ;  the  grade  is  90  feet 
above  low  water  over  this  stream;  there  is  ;i  very  heavy  embank  - 
ment  on  west  side,  greatest  height  70  feet;  a  long  rock  cut  on 
cast  side,  20  to  30  feet  deep  for  more  than  three-fourths  of  a 
mile. 

The  iron  superstructure  for  this  Monocacy  Bridge  was  built 
by  the  Company,  at  their  Mount  Clare  shops.  Three  spans 
of  200  feet  each  and  one  of  100.  This  one  mile  section  cost, 
including  graduation,  masonry  and  bridge  superstructure, 
$300,000.  Sections  1,  2,  3,4,  including  the  Calico  Bocks,  were 
built  by  the  Company's  Ibices.  Sections  5  and  6,  by  Bernard 
Biley.  Sections  8  and  33,  by  Peter  McNamara.  Section  9,  by 
White  and  MeArdle.  21,  Timothy  Flaherty.  22  and  23,  B.  B. 
Codwise.  24,  25,  20,  Michael  Buoy.  27  and  30,  Dennis  Murphy. 
28  and  29.  Timothy  Cavan.  31,  32  and  33,  G.  M.  Watkins. 
34  and  37,  Patrick  McCabe.  35,  Alfred  Ray.  30  and  39,  -lames 
Forward.  40,  Thomas  A.  Waters.  41  ami  42,  by  Company's 
force. 

Not  finding  materials  for  bridges  at  the  crossing  of  Little 
Monocacy,  Little  and  Big  Seneca, — these  streams  were  crossed 
on  trestles,  constructed  by  the  Company's  forces.  Little  Monoe- 
acy and  Big  Seneca,  70  feet  high,  and  at  Little  Seneca,  100  feet 
high.  The  intention  is  to  replace  these  trestles  with  permanent 
structures  of  stone  and  iron,  when  the  trestles  shall  have  been 
used  to  a  proper  extent. 

The  maximum  grade  is  50  feet  per  mile.  Minimum  radius 
ut  curvature,  1000  feet.  Elevation  at  Gaithershurg.  510  feet 
above  tide. 

I  distance  from  Point  of  Rocks  to  Baltimore  by  old  line  00  miles. 
«  "  "  "    via  Washington  new  line  so     it 

As  the  location  of  Washington  seems  to  be  on  ground  pre 
pared  for  a  site  of  the  Seat  of  Government  of  a  great  Nation, 
so  Montgomery  County  seems  prepared  to  furnish  supplies  of 
all  kinds  tor  the  inhabitants  of  such  a  city;   ."Milk.  Butter,  Poul- 
try, Hay,  Fruit  and  Vegetables,  in  fact,  every  thing  which  will 

not  stand  long  carriage.  Also,  by  means  of  this  road,  to  furnish 
locations  for  country  residences  for  those  who  can  afford  it,  the 
whole  line  from  Washington  to  Sugar  Loaf  Mountain  furnishes 
sites  for  cottages,  where  abundant  water  of  best    quality,  shade 

trees  and  soil  most  favorable  for  gardeners  can  be  found. 


HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  83 

All  important  passenger  trains  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio 
Company,  including  local  and  fast  freight,  pass  over  the  Metro 
politan  Branch,  affording  unprecedented  facilities  r<>  the  people 
for  personal  navel  and  transportation  of  productions  and  sup 
plies.  There  are  twenty-eight  stations  on  the  road  from  Wash- 
ington to  Point  of  Bocks,  or  the  Washington  Junction,  the 
intersection  with  the  Main  Stem,  a  distance  of  forty-two  and  one 
half  miles,  viz: 

METROPOLITAN    BRANCH. 

Station*.  Miles,    i       Star  Miles. 

Washington 0  Rockville l(i| 

Metropolitan  Junction 1  Derwood 10 

Queenstown 3J  Washington  (hove 20| 

Terra  Cotta 4  Gaithersburg 21| 

Stott's 4}  Hopper's 24.1 

Bright  wood 6^  Germantown 26£ 

Silver  Springs 7  Little  Seneca 28J 

Linden . 0  Boyd's 

Forest  Glen 9.4  Barnesville 33} 

loiy's  Quarry 9f  Diekerson 

•wles 11  Tnscarora .ill 

Windham's 13.1  Sugar  Loaf. 41 | 

Halpin 154  Washington  Junction m 

The  following   is   the    list  of  Officers  of  the   Load  at  present: 

President J.  \Y.  Garrett 

Vice-President John  King.  Jr. 

'2d   1  riee-  President Wm.  Keyser. 

Chief  Engineer James  L.  Randolph. 

ral  Freight  Agent M.  R.  Sniith. 

Master  of  Transportation W.  M.  Clements. 

"      *k     Rood John  Bradshaw. 

"       "     Machinery John  ( '.   1  >a\  is. 

Treasurer . . .  AY.  11.    I  jam-. 

A  udito, ,  . W.  T.  Thelin. 

Superintendent  Pittsburg   Division K.  K.   EFyndman. 

•  "  Trans.  Ohio  Division 0.   11.   Hudson. 

<!<  neral  Ticket  Agent L.  Al.  <  lole. 

SiijiI.  Terminal  Tracks  and  Stations John  L.  Wilson. 


CHAPTER  XIII. 

Prominent  Men. 

Col  John  Berry.  Flisha  Biggs,  Samuel  Biggs.  Mrs.  Ann 
Poultney.  Philip  E.  Thomas.  Bev.  Reuben  T.  Boyd,  His 
Ordination  as  Minister  of  the  Gospel.  Bis  Certificate  to  per- 
form marriage,  signed  by  General  Wm,  Henry  Harrison.  John 
C.  Clark.  George  B.  Gaither.  Israel  H.  B.,  and  A.  and 
B.  B.  Griffith.  Thomas  L.  Reese.  William  Dame.  Bev. 
Thomas  McCormick.  Thomas  Moore.  Caleb  Bently.  Isaac- 
Biggs.  Boger  Brooke.  Hon.  Francis  P.  Blair.  Robert  Pot- 
tinger.  Dr.  Wm.  Boicie  Magruder.  Major  George  Peters. 
Drs.  Duvall.  Tobacco  Inspectors.  Robert  tollman.  Thos. 
B.  W.  Vinson,     Triaddphia  Cotton  Factory. 

Col.  John  Berry,  who  participated  in  the  defence  of  Fort 
McHenry  when  bombarded  by  the  British  in  1814,  and  whose 
well  directed  guns  caused  the  British  lion  to  weigh  anchor  and 
drop  down  the  river,  out  of  the  reach  of  the  artillery  of  the 
Fort  For  his  gallantry  on  this  occasion  he  attracted  the  atten- 
tion of  Maj.  Gen.  Winfield  Scott — by  an  offer  of  promotion  and 
transfer  to  another  important  military  post.  He  preferred, 
after  successfully  defending  his  adopted  City,  to  return  to 
private  life,  and  devoted  himself  to  the  development  of  the 
patent  tire  brick  with  his  brother,  Mr.  Thos.  L.  Berry,  in  the 
south-east  part  of  the  City,  which  proved  eminently  successful 
and  profitable.  He  accumulated  a  large  fortune,  leaving  .is  his 
representatives,  Gen.  -John  Summerfield  Berry,  and  .John 
Hurst,  the  successful  diy  goods  merchant  and  president  of  the 
National  Exchange  Bank. 

ELISHA  RlGGS,  for  many  years  the  head  of  the  well  known 
firm  of  BiggS,  Peabody  &  Co„  on  Baltimore  street,  near 
Hanover;  afterwards  Peabody,  Biggs  &  Co.,  German  Street 
The  elder  partner  removed  to  New  York,  after  aiding  and  estab- 
lishing the  well  known  firm  of  Corcoran  &  EtiggS,  of  Washing- 


HISTORY    OF  MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  85 

ton.  He  died,  leaving  a  fortune  of  a  million  and  a  half  of 
dollars.  Mr.  George  Peabody,  at  one  time  his  clerk,  afterwards 
his  partner,  bad  in  the  meantime  removed  to  London,  where,  in 
his  successful  efforts  to  maintain  and  uphold  the  credit  of 
Man  land,  lie  laid  the  foundation  of  his  own  colossal  fortune, 
a  part  of  which,  in  his  life-time,  he  devoted  to  the  development 
of  art  and  instruction  for  the  benefit  of  the  City  of  Balti- 
more, by  the  establishment  of  the  magnificent  institute,  "The 
Peabody  Institute,"  on  Mount  Vernon  Place,  which  bears  and 
will  hand  down  down  his  name  to  generations  yet  unborn. 

Samuel  Riggs  the  junior  member  of  the  firm  died  in  early 
life,  leaving  a  fortune  of  $300,000  dollars. 

Mrs.  Ann  Poultney,  relict  of  the  late  Charles  Poultney, 
and  sister  of  Philip  E.  Thomas,  remarkable  for  her  culture, 
piety  and  refinement,  also  as  a  prominent  member  and  speaker 
of  the  Society  of  Friends. 

Philip  E.  Thomas,  founder,  and  for  many  years  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad, — the  first  oommex 
cial  railroad  undertaken  in  the  United  States. 

The  Rev.  Reuben  T.  Boyd,  of  this  County,  father  of  Col. 
T.  H.  S.  Boyd,  the  publisher  of  this  history,  born  July  3rd, 
179-4,  on  the  old  estate  of  the  Boyd's,  known  as  "Boyd's 
Delay,"  on  Rock  Creek,  three  miles  cast  of  Rockville.  He 
studied  for  the  ministry,  and  was  authorized  to  preach  the 
Gospel  in  the  Baltimore  District  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  November  26th,  1825.  His  certificate  being  signed  by 
Rev.  Joseph  Frye,  President,  James  R.  Williams,  Secretary; 
renewed  December  :>0tli,  1826,  signed  Joseph  Frye,  President, 
and  J.  S.  Reese,  Secretary.  For  several  years  preceding  and 
during  this  time  a  great  reform  was  being  agitated  in  the  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church,  the  object  Of  which  was  a  change  in 
the  form  of  government,  so  as  to  admit  of  the  representatives 
of  Lay  members  in  the  councils  of  (he  church. 

Mr.  Boyd  took  an  active  and  zealous  stand  in  behalf  of  the 
projected  reform,  and  was  B  constant  contributor  to  the  columns 
of  a  pamphlet  published  by  William  Stockton,  father  of  the 
late  Rev.  Thos.  H.  Stockton,  one  of  the  most  eminent  pulpit 
orators-of  his  day,  and  Chaplain  of  the  United  States  House  of 
Representatives.  This  pamphlet  was  published  in  the  interest 
of   the   reformers,   and    soon  brought    down   on  their   devoted 


86  HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

heads,  the  violent  denunciation  and  abuse  of  the  Bishops  and 
Elders  of  the  Church,  which  finally  resulted  in  the  expulsion  of 
eleven  Ministers  for  advocating  the  rights  of  the  Laity.  Reu- 
ben T.  Boyd  was  the  youngest  of  the  eleven,  and  many  amusing 
anecdotes  are  related  of  the  Radicals,  as  they  were  called  by 
their  former  associates.  The  controversy  waxed  warm,  and 
shook  the  government  of  Methodism  to  its  foundation.  But  the 
original  eleven  were  not  to  be  crushed ;  imbued  with  the  lire 
and  spirit  that  animated  their  forefathers,  they  soon  gathered 
around  them  a  strong  following,  and  banded  themselves  together 
under  the  name  of  the  Associated  Methodist  Churches,  and  at 
the  Maryland  Annual  Conference  of  Ordained  Ministers  aud  Lay 
Delegates,  held  in  Baltimore,  April  5th,  1829,  he  was  ordained 
for  the  office  of  Deacon,  and  authorized  by  the  said  Conference 
to  administer  the  ordinance  of  Baptism;  to  assist  the  Elder  in 
the  administration  of  the  Lord's  Supper,  to  celebrate  Marriage, 
and  to  preach  and  expound  the  Holy  Scriptures,  so  long  as  his 
life  and  doctrine  accord  with  the  Gospel  of  our  Lord  Jesus 
Christ.  Signed  by  Rev.  Nicholas  Snethen,  President,  and 
Luther  J.  Cox,  Secretary. 

Their  organization  rapidly  increased,  when  they  gave  it  the 
name  of  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church,  and  at  their  Mary- 
land Annual  Conference  of  Ministers  and  Delegates,  held  in  the 
City  of  Georgetown,  District  of  Columbia,  April  the  8th,  1832, 
he  was  ordained  for  the  office  of  Elder  in  the  Methodist  Pro- 
testant Church,  and  authorized  by  said  Conference,  so  long  as 
his  lite  and  doctrine  accord  with  the  Holy  Scriptures,  to  admin- 
ister the  Lord's  Supper,  to  Baptize,  to  celebrate  Matrimony, 
and  to  feed  the  Hock  of  God,  taking  oversight,  not  as  a  Lord 
over  God's  heritage,  but  being  an  example  to  the  flock. 

Signed  by  order  and  in  behalf  of  the  Maryland  Annual  Con- 
ference, Rev.  Eli  Heukle,  President,  James  Hanson,  Secretary. 
Mr.  Heukle  was  the  father  of  the  present  member  of  Congress 
from  the  Fifth  Maryland  District. 

Their  Church  membership  rapidly  spread,  and  new  Confer- 
ences formed  especially  in  the  South  and  West.  Feeling  that 
hie  sphere  of  usefulness  would  be  enlarged  by  removing  to  the 
West,  he  was  transferred  to  the  Illinois  Conference  in  1838,  and 
from  there  to  the  Ohio  Conference  in  1840,  where  he  remained 
nine  years. 


HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  87 

The  following  certificate  recorded  in  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  tor  Hamilton  County,  State  of  Ohio,  and  signed  by  Gen- 
eral Harrison,  Clerk  of  the  Court,  and  afterwards  President  of 
the  United  States,  will  be  of  interest,  showing  as  it  does  that 
General  Harrison,  at  the  time  of  his  election  to  the  Presidency, 
was  Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Hamilton  County,  Ohio. 

"State  of  Ohio,  Hamilton  County,  Ǥ.; 
"Be  it  known,  that  on  the  28th  day  of  November,  in  the  term 

of  November,  A.  D.  eighteen  hundred  and  forty,  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas,  within  and  for  said  County,  Reuben  T.  Boyd 
produced  to  said  Court  satisfactory  evidence  and  credentials  of 
his  being  a  regular  ordained  Minister  of  the  Methodist  Pro- 
testant Church,  in  the  Ohio  Annual  Conference,  and  now  officiat- 
ing  as  such  on  the  Cincinnati  Circuit.  Whereupon  the  Court 
grant  unto  said  Reuben  T.  Boyd,  a  License,  authorizing  him  to 
solemnise  Marriages  throughout  said  State,  agreeably  to  the 
requisitions  of  the  Statute  of  said  State,  in  such  case  made  and 
provided,  so  long  as  he  shall  continue  a  regular  Minister  in 
said  society  or  congregation. 

"  By  order  of  Court. 

"In  testimony  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and 
aftixed  the  seal  of  said  County  at  Cincinnati,  this  the  28th  day 
of  November,  A.  D.  1840. 

"  Wm.  H.  Harrison,  Clk. 
"J.  J.  Snider,  Dep.v 

Endorsed  on  the  back  : 

"  Recorded  in  the  Marriage  Records  of  Logan  County,  Ohio, 
on  the  4th  day  of  April,  1844. 

N.  L.  McColloch,  Clerk. 

"Entered  on  the  Records  in  the  Clerk's  office,  Champaign 
County,  March  28th,  1844. 

Samtjel  H.  Robbinson,  Clerk. 

"Entered  on  the  Records  in  the  Clerk's  office,  Union  County, 
April  24th,  1844. 

John  Cassil,  Clerk." 


88  HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

He  returned  to  the  Maryland  Conference  in  1840,  where  he 
continued  an  active  and  efficient  Minister,  until  1851),  when 
health  failing-  him,  he  was  placed  on  the  the  superannuated  roll  of 
the  Conference.  After  an  active  and  continuous  life  of  thirty-four 
years  in  the  Ministry,  be  was  compelled  to  seek  rest,  and  where 
should  he  look  for  this  haven  but  in  his  native  County,  where 
the  scenes  of  early  childhood  would  recall  the  happy  memories 
of  his  youth.  He  bought  property  in  Clarksburg,  and  removed 
his  family  in  1859,  where  he  lived  to  enjoy  the  remaining  days 
of  his  life  in  the  happy  enjoyment  of  a  consciousness  of  a 
bright  future  beyond  the  grave.  He  died  seated  in  his  easy 
chair,  surrounded  by  his  books  and  papers,  on  the  15th  of  Feb- 
ruary, 18(55,  in  his  seventy-second  year.  At  peace  with  God 
and  mankind,  honored  and  respected  by  all,  he  left  behind  a 
record  worthy  of  example.  During  his  life  he  was  a  constant 
and  voluminous  writer,  his  publications  in  the  Methodist 
Protestant  and  Western  Recorder  attracting  universal  attention. 

JOHN  0.  Clark,  the  well  known  Merchant  and  Banker,  was 
born  in  Clarksburg,  and  in  early  youth  removed  to  Baltimore, 
and  engaged  in  business  with  more  than  ordinary  success.  He 
was  very  unfortunate  in  the  death  of  his  children;  of  a  family 
of  nine,  all  of  whom,  with  one  exception,  attained  adult  age, 
and  several  married — he  had  buried  all  sevtral  years  before 
his  own  death,  which  occurred  in  1867,  at  the  age  of  seventy-four. 
After  providing  well  tor  his  grandchildren,  all  of  whom  are 
now  living  in  Baltimore,  or  its  vicinity — and  making  other 
bequests,  he  bequeathed  property  to  the  value  of  half  a  million 
of  dollars  to  a  Beneficiary  Society,  which,  at  his  instance,  had 
been  incorporated  in  connection  with  Saint  John's  Methodist 
Protestant  Church  in  Liberty  street,  Baltimore,  which  is  to 
occupy  a  magnificent  site  on  Madison  avenue,  near  the   Park. 

George  R.  Gaither,  recently  deceased,  one  of  Baltimore's 
most  opulent  citizens,  left  a  fortune  of  one  million  three  hun- 
dred thousand  dollars,  consisting  of  large  and  handsome  stoics 
and  warehouses,  on  Baltimore,  Hanover,  German,  Howard  ami 
Charles  streets,  and  handsome  dwelling  houses  on  Cathedral 
street. 

Israel  H.  P.,  and  A.  and  R.  R.  Griffith,  for  many  years 
flourished  as  successful  Merchants  of  Baltimore.  Upon  the 
death  of  the   first    named,  investments   in  stocks  and   bonds  to 


HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  89 

the  amount  of  four  hundred  and  forty-five  thousand  dollars 
were  found  in  a  trunk  under  his  bed. 

Thomas  L.  Reese,  the  father,  and  grandfather  of  the  well 
known  grocery  firm,  now  doing  business  in  Baltimore,  was  for 
a  number  of  years  a  highly  esteemed  citizen  of  old  Mont- 
gomery. 

In  early  life  he  was  a  clerk  with  the  celebrated  Johns  Hop- 
kins, in  the  counting-room  of  their  uncle  Gerard  T.  Hopkins, 
and  often  has  the  great  capitalist  been  heard  to  say,  that  when 
he  came  to  Baltimore  he  had  but  five  dollars  in  the  world,  but 
he  had  resolved  to  become  a  rich  man. 

When  about  twenty-five  years  of  age  he  married  Mary, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Moore — and  lived  for  six  or  eight  years 
in  Brookeville,  engaged  in  mercantile  life,  filling  several  offices 
of  honor  and  trust,  everywhere  esteemed  as  a  conscientious  and 
upright  man. 

From  there  he  returned  to  Baltimore,  and  became  a  partner 
in  the  wholesale  grocery  firm  of  Gerard  T.  Hopkins  &  Co. 

In  1833  he  opeued  a  retail  store  on  Pratt  street,  desiring  to 
educate  his  sons  in  all  the  details  of  the  business,  where  he 
remained  until  1814,  when  he  retired  from  active  life,  but  still 
by  his  daily  counsel  and  advice,  aiding  his  sons,  who  succeeded 
him,  in  building  up  the  large  business  they  are  now  doing.— In 
early  life  lie  was  often  heard  to  say  that  he  never  desired  to 
become  a  rich  man,  and  although  actively  engaged  for  more 
than  thirty  years  in  mercantile  lite,  during  which  he  reared  and 
educated  a  large  family,  he  died  in  moderate  circumstances, 
but  leaving  to  posterity  a  legacy  more  valuable  than  any 
amount  of  earthly  riches, — a  good  name. 

Amoug  other  names  worthy  of  being  mentioned  is  that  of 
William  Uarne,  of  Mountain  View,  at  the  foot  of  the  Sugar 
Loaf  Mountain,  who  afterwards  removed  to  Darnestown,  where 
lie  died. 

Mr.  Dame  was  distinguished  for  his  hospitality  and  urbanity 
of  manners.  He  left  a  family  of  daughters  equally  distinguished 
for  beauty,  culture,  ease  and  elegance  of  manner.  One  of 
whom  married  Capt.  Smoot  of  the  Navy;  another,  Capt.  Lacy 
of  the  Army;  another,  Dr.  Bell,  a  practising  physician  of  the 
County.  Mr.  Darne  several  times  represented  the  County  in 
the  State  Legislature  and  as  a  director  in  the  Chesapeake  and 
7 


90  HISTORY   OF  MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

Ohio  Canal.     He  also  left  one  son^Mr.  Alexander,  Dame  of  the 
County. 

Eev.  Thomas  McCormick  was  born  in  Loudoun  County, 
Virginia,  in  1792,  but  came  to  Montgomery  at  the  age  of  six  to 
live  with  his  uncle,  Thomas  Moore.  In  1806  he  went  to  Balti- 
more and  learned  the  trade  of  house  carpenter,  and  fifteen 
years  afterwards  built  the  house  now  owned  by  E.  J.  Hall,  Esq., 
at  Longwood,  near  Brookeville,  which  he  afterwards  purchased, 
aud  where  he  resided  for  fifteen  years  in  enjoyment  of  the  pleasant 
surroundings.     He  is  now  nearly  eighty-eight  years  of  age. 

The  late  Thomas  Moore  lived  in  Brookeville,  and  was  the 
inventor  of  the  first  refrigerator  ever  made,  in  which  Thomas 
McCormick  carried  the  first  butter  to  market.  It  was  patented 
in  1803,  and  at  first  was  of  small  size,  made  for  the  purpose  of 
carrying  butter  to  market  on  horseback,  as  most  of  the  market- 
ing was  carried  in  those  days.  The  refrigerator  consisted  of  a 
cedar  tub  of  oval  form,  and  about  eighteen  or  twenty  inches 
deep,  in  this  was  placed  a  tin  box,  with  the  corners  square, 
which  would  contain  twenty-two  prints  of  butter  of  one  pound 
each,  leaving  space  on  each  side,  between  the  tin  and  wood,  for 
ice  in  small  lumps.  The  outside  of  t\e  wooden  box  was  covered 
with  rabbit  skin  with  the  fur  on,  and  over  that  was  a  covering 
of  coarse  woolen  cloth.  In  this  refrigerator  the  butter  was 
carried  on  horseback  to  the  market  at  Georgetown,  a  distance 
of  twenty  miles,  in  warm  weather,  hard  and  firm,  and  with  ice 
enough  left  to  give  each  purchaser  a  small  lump.  This  butter 
commanded  a  much  higher  price  than  any  other. 

Thomas  Moore  was  a  remarkable  man.  His  father,  Thomas 
Moore,  an  Irish  Quaker,  came  to  this  country  early  in  the  last 
century,  settled  first  in  Pennsylvania,  where  he  married,  and 
afterwards  removed  i<>  Loudoun  County,  Virginia,  where  he  built 
a  residence  and  called  the  place  Waterford,  after  his  native 
home.  Here  the  son  Thomas  for  a  time  carried  on  the  business 
of  a  cabinet-maker,  Which  he  had  learned.  He  then  engaged  in 
milling  and  merchandising  in  connection  with  his  brother-in- 
law,  James  McCormick.  About  the  year  1791  he  removed  to 
Maryland,  having  married  Mary  Brooke,  daughter  of  Roger 
Brooke,  of  Brooke  drove,  in  Montgomery  County.  Here  he 
commenced  farming  on  the  estate  of  his  wife,  and  soon  dis- 
tinguished himself  as  a  practical  farmer. 


HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  91 

The  State  of  Maryland  is  greatly  indebted  to  him  for  many 
improvements  in  agriculture.  Although  the  land  was  poor 
when  he  took  possession  of  it,  he  soon  had  the  model  farm  of 
the  County  and  State.  This  farm  is  now  owned  by  E.  J.  Hall, 
Esq.,  former  President  of  the  Montgomery  County  Agricultural 
Society,  who  married  a  niece  of  Mary  Moore.  Persons  came 
from  long  distances  to  see  his  farm  and  witness  the  deep  plow- 
ing with  the  mammoth  plow  of  his  own  invention,  his  fine  stock 
of  cattle  in  fields  of  red  clover,  his  meadows  of  timothy,  fine 
fields  of  corn,  the  ground  yellow  with  pumpkins,  and  the  large 
pen  of  small  bone  hogs,  fattened  on  pumpkins,  corn  and  slop, 
boiled  in  a  wooden  box. 

One  of  his  distinguished  visitors  was  Charles  Carroll,  son  of 
Carroll  of  Carrollton,  who  came  on  purpose  to  see  the  farm 
and  improvements.  The  proprietor  being  absent  on  that  occa- 
sion, it  devolved  upon  the  twelve-year-old  nephew  to  show  the 
visitor  around,  which  service  was  rewarded  by  the  first  silver 
dollar  the  farmer  boy  ever  called  his  own. 

Thomas  Moore,  about  this  time,  wrote  a  treatise  on  agricul- 
ture, and  another  on  ice-houses  and  refrigerators,  which  proved 
of  signal  benefit  to  the  State  of  his  adoption.  In  the  year 
1805,  he  was  employed  by  the  Corporation  of  Georgetown  to 
construct  the  causeway  from  Mason's  Island  to  the  Virginia 
shore,  for  which  he  received  twenty-four  thousand  dollars,  and 
completed  the  work  in  less  than  one  year.  After  this  he  was 
employed  !>v  the  United  States  Government  to  lay  out  the  great 
National  Road  to  the  West.  During  the  war  with  Great  Britain, 
from  1812  to  1816,  he  took  charge  of  the  Union  Manufacturing 
Works,  near  EH  icons'  Mills,  as  chief  manager. 

About  this  time  he,  in  connection  with  his  two  brothers-in- 
law,  Caleb  Bently  and  Isaac  Biggs,  purchased  the  site  and 
erected  the  cotton  mills  known  as  Triadelphia,  .Montgomery 
County,  Md.  This  was  not  a  profitable  investment,  the  war 
closing  soon  after  the  factory  went  into  operation,  lie  was 
next  called  upon  b\  the  Board  of  Public  Works  of  the  State 
of  Virginia  to  accept  the  position  of  Chief  Engineer  of  the 
•Tames  River  Canal.  He  also  served  in  the  same  capacity  in 
the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal,  where,  after  making  consider- 
able progress,  he  contracted  a  fever  so  fatal  to  many  on  the 
Potomac,  and  came  home  to  end  his  life  with  his  family.    From 


92  HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

the  year  1818  until  his  death  he  occupied,  with  much  honor  to 
himself  and  with  great  benefit  to  the  public,  and  with  the 
entire  approbation  of  those  to  whom  he  was  responsible,  the 
office  of  principal  Civil  Engineer  of  the  State  of  Virginia.  On 
the  3rd  of  October,  after  a  sickness  of  twelve  days,  aged  63 
years,  he  quietly  departed  this  life  like  one  falling  into  a  quiet 
slumber. 

Roger  Brooke,  an  immediate  descendant  of  one  of  the 
first  settlers  of  the  colony  of  Maryland,  was  noted  for  wit  and 
humor,  and  though  a  Quaker,  he  had,  like  Washington,  a  great 
fondness  for  his  hounds  and  the  fox  chase;  and  was  one  of  the 
best,  most  active  and  successful  farmers  of  the  County.  Mr. 
"Francis  P.  Blair,  in  an  agricultural  address,  characterized  him 
as  a  second  Franklin. 

Mr.  Blair  above  alluded  to,  who  so  beautifully  and  elegantly 
established  himself  at  his  well  known  seat  of  Silver  Springs, 
was  attracted  to  the  spot  under  singular  circumstances.  He 
had  purchased  a  very  fine  saddle  horse,  Selim,  of  the  late  Gen. 
Wm.  Lingan  Gaither,  another  of  Montgomery's  representative 
men,  who  had  repeatedly  served  his  native  County  with  credit 
and  ability  in  both  branches  of  the  State  Legislature.  In  tak- 
ing a  ride  with  his  daughter,  beyond  the  limits  of  the  District 
of  Columbia  and  in  the  lower  part  of  Montgomery  County, 
Selim  became  frightened,  threw  his  rider,  and  ran  down  among 
tli.'  thick  growth  of  pines  in  the  valley  to  the  west  of  the  road. 
Mr.  Blair  followed  and  found  the  horse  fast  to  a  bush,  which 
had  caught  the  dangling  reins  of  the  bridle.  Near  the  spot  he 
spied  a  bold  fountain  bubbling  up,  the  beautiful  white  sand 
sparkling  in  the  water  like  specks  of  silver.  Mr.  Blair  became 
so  charmed  with  the  spot  and  the  spring,  that  he  resolved  at  \ 
once  if  possible  to  possess  it.  He  sought  its  owner,  and  soon  a 
bargain  was  made  at  what  then  was  considered  a  good  price  by 
the  seller;  but  in  the  eyes  of  Mr.  Blair  as  very  cheap.  This  led 
to  the  proprietorship  of  the  far-famed  and  classic  scat  of  Silver 
Springs:  where  its  venerable  and  distinguished  ownefspent  in 
elegant  retirement  the  last  twenty  five  years  of  his  long  and 
eventful  life,  and  died  peacefully,  full  of  years  and  full  of 
honors,  at  the  advanced  period  of  eighty-five. 

Robert  Pottinger  and  Dr.  William  Bowie  Magruder, 
father  of  the  late  most  excellent  and  valuable  citizen  and  physi- 


HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  93 

cian,  Dr.  Wm.  B.  Magruder,  of  Brookeville,  were  leading  and 
prominent  citizens  of  the  County,  in  their  day  and  generation. 
Major  George  Peter  was  a  member  of  Congress  for  this 
District,  and  during  life  a  prominent  and  active  politician.  He 
served  in  the  Legislature  of  the  State.  He  commanded  an 
artillery  company  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  had  among  his 
soldiers  George  Peabody,  who  subsequently  became  the  great 
banker  and  philanthropist,  and  the  late  George  R.  Gaither  of 
Baltimore,  who  then,  with  Mr.  Peabody,  resided  in  George- 
town, D.  C. 

The  two  Drs.  Duvall,  father  and  son,  were  prominent  and 
active  in  their  professions,  as  politicians  and  representatives 
of  the  County  in  the  State  Legislature. 

The  different  State  Inspectors  of  Tobacco,  appointed  from 
Montgomery  County,  were  Richard  H.  Griffith,  Philemon  Grif- 
fith, John  W.  Darby,  Francis  Valdemar,  Perry  Etchison,  Green- 
berry  8.  Etchison,  and  the  present  popular  Inspector,  Robert 
S.  Hilton. 

Robert  Sellman,  of  Montgomery  County,  was,  before  the 
repeal  of  the  law,  appointed  State  Flour  Inspector.  He  so 
actively  and  faithfully  discharged  the  duties  of  the  office,  that 
after  the  repeal  of  the  law,  he  was,  and  still  is  continued  as 
private  inspector  at  the  request  of  the  merchants  of  Baltimore. 
Thos.  F.  W.  Vinson,  well  and  favorably  known  to  the  citi- 
zens of  Montgomery  County,  was  a  tine  specimen  of  the  gentle- 
men of  the  olden  times.  His  pleasing  manners  at  once  pot  his 
friends,  as  well  as  strangers,  at  perfect  ease  in  his  presence. 
He  was  for  many  years  Sheriff  of  the  County,  and  one  of  the 
Judges  of  the  Orphans'  Court. 

Mr.  James  Holland,  grandfather  of  the  present  Thomas  J. 
and  Clagett  Holland,  was  said  strongly  to  resemble  General 
Washington  in  his  personal  appearance.  As  an  auctioneer,  he 
was  known  far  and  near.  A  peculiarity  of  his  habit  was  always 
to  give  ample  notice  to  both  seller  and  buyer.  "Going,  going, 
going,  the  last  chance,  owners  and  bidders  look  out.11  —^ 

The  principal  manufacturing  establishment  in  the  County  was 
Triadelphia  Cotton  Factory,  founded  in  1801),  by  three  brothers- 
in-law,  ISAAC  Riggs,  Thomas  Moore  and  Caleb  Bently. 

A  Woolen  Factory  was  established  in  the  neighborhood  about 
the  same  time  by  David  Xlwlin, — all  members  of  the  Society 
of  Friends.  / 


CHAPTER    XIV. 

Prominent  Men — Continued. 

Hon.  Geo.  W.  Hilton.  Wm.  Dame,  of  Mountain  View.  Prof. 
Benjamin  Hallowell.  Hon.  Allen  Bowie  Davis.  Edward 
Stabler.  W.  T.  R.  Saffell,  Francis  Cassott  Clopper.  Wil- 
liam Wilson.  Leonidas  Wilson.  Hon.  Thomas  Lansdale.  Dr. 
Richard  Waters.  John  8.  Belt.  Hon.  h'ichard  Waters,  and 
others. 

Worthy  of  mention  among  the  self-made  men  of  the  Counts- 
is  the  Hon.  George  W.  Hilton,  born  in  Laytonsville,  October 
the  2d,  1823,  and  educated  in  Georgetown,  District  of  Columbia. 
Soon  after  completing  his  education  he  commenced  the  teaching 
of  school  in  the  old  mountain  school  house,  in  the  third  district, 
afterwards  he  taught  school  iu  Clarksburg  and  Cracklin  Dis- 
tricts. In  1847,  he  was  appointed  Deputy  Sheriff  and  Collector, 
which  position  he  occupied  until  he  engaged  in  merchandising 
in  Damascus,  in  1S52,  where  he  successfully  continued  for  seven 
years,  when  he  purchased  property  in  Clarksburg  and  removed 
there  in  1859.  By  energy  and  enterprise,  combined  with  strict 
business  integrity,  he  succeeded  in  establishing  a  large  and  profit- 
able business,  which  he  conducted  until  1872,  when  he  turned 
his  attention  to  agricultural  pursuits.  Having  purchased  four 
tracts  of  laud  adjacent  to  the  village  of  Clarksburg,  lie  set 
about  renovating  and  improving  them,  by  a  liberal  and  judi- 
cious expenditure  in  lime  and  fertilizers,  including  grasses,  he 
has  succeeded  in  bringing  then)  up  to  a  degree  of  fertility  that 
is  amply  repaying  him  for  his  expenditure. 

Mr.  Hilton's  ability  soon  attracted  the  attention  of  the  people, 
and  he  was  called  to  the  Legislature  in  L869,  and  served  the 
people  in  the  session  of  1870  SO  faithfully,  that  lie  was  re-elected 
for  a  second  term  in  1872,  serving  on  the  committees  of  cor- 
porations and  printing  with  marked  ability.  With  a  keen  per- 
ception for  tiie  details  of  measures  that  affected  tin;  interests  of 


HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  95 

the  County,  he  was  ever  foremost  iii  perfecting  and  pressing 
them  to  a  favorable  conclusion.  He  was  ;tlso  appointed  by 
Gov.  Carroll,  in  1877,  on  the  Board  of  Control  and  Review  that 
had  the  revising  of  the  tax  assessments.  Mr.  Hilton  finds 
ample  opportunity  for  the  display  of  his  spirit  of  enterprise  in 
the  improvement  and  beautifying  of  bis  lands  and  tenements, 
having  erected  several  handsome  dwellings  in  Clarksburg,  that 
have  added  materially  in  promoting  the  attractions  of  the 
village. 

"Mountain  View,"  the  old  home  of  William  Darno,  is  a  farm 
containing  about  150  acres  of  laud,  watered  by  Little  Monocaey 
on  the.  north-east,  and  bounded  on  the  south  and  south-west  by 
the  County  roads  leading  from  Barnesville  to  Maj.  Hempston's 
Old  Brick  Mill.  The  lands  of  the  Gotts  and  Plnmmers  lie  adja- 
cent at  the  south,  those  of  Abraham  S.  Hayes  and  Z.  (i.  Harris 
on  the  east  and  south-east,  and  those  of  Colmore  Offutt  and 
Hanson  Hays  on  the  north.  The  proprietorship  of  some  of 
these  lands  is  now  no  doubt  different  Patrick  McDade's  old 
mill  was  located  on  Little  Monocaey,  about  half  a  mile  north  of 
Mountain  View. 

Prominent  among  those  whose  deeds  have  added  lustre  to  the 
name  and  fame  of  the  Friends'  Society  of  Sandy  Springs,  and 
of  Montgomery  County,  is  that  of  Benjamin  Hallowell, 
Philosopher,  Philanthropist,  Orator,  Farmer  and  Teacher; 
gifted  with  an  extraordinary  variety  of  knowledge,  prominent 
in  the  many  fields  of  investigation,  in  which  he  excited  his 
powerful  energies,  and  prosecuting  his  researches  with  one  ulti- 
mate aim,  the  happiness  of  his  fellow-creatures.  He  was  born 
in  Montgomery  County,  Pennsylvania,  on  the  17th  of  August, 
171)0,  and  came  to  Montgomery  County,  Maryland,  in  181!>,  as 
Mathematical  teacher  at  the  Boarding  School  at  Fair  Hill, 
which  was  established  in  that  year.  In  isi'4,  he  established  a 
school  at  Alexandria,  Virginia,  and  received  among  his  pupils, 
from  all  sections  of  the  country,  many  who  have  since  attained 
positioti  and  honor.  The  Rev.  Mrs.  R.  T.  Boyd,  relict  of  the 
late  Rev.  R.  T.  Boyd,  of  this  County,  and  mother  of  the  pub- 
lisher, attended  his  courses  of  lectures  in  Alexandria,  in  the 
years  1834  and  '35.  Mr.  Hallowell  came  to  live  upon  his  farm 
"Rockland,"  near  Sandy  Springs,  in  the  summer  of  1842,  this 
was  a  poor  tract  of  land,  but   by  judicious  draining,  fertilizing 


96  HISTORY   OF  MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

and  grass  seeding,  it  was  completely  reclaimed,  and  with  the 
buildings  of  the  Eockland  Seminary,  which  he  established,  now 
under  the  control  of  his  son,  Henry  C.  Hallowell,  presents 
a  beautiful  and  attractive  appearance.  In  1859,  he  was  elected 
First  President  of  the  Maryland  State  Agricultural  College. 
He  was  prominent  in  organizing  the  Farmers'  Club  of  Sandy 
Springs,  the  first  meeting  of  which  was  held  at  the  residence  of 
Richard  T.  Bently.  He  was  a  frequent  lecturer  before  various 
associations  on  scientific  and  agricultural  subjects.  He  was 
Professor  of  Chemistry  in  the  Medical  Department  of  Columbia 
College,  Washington ;  a  member  of  the  American  Philosophical 
Society  of  Philadelphia,  and  one  of  the  foremost  in  the  Balti- 
more Yearly  Meeting,  to  adopt  plans  for  the  improvement  of  the 
condition  of  the  Indians  on  the  Western  borders.  He  died  in 
1877,  in  the  78th  year  of  his  age,  regretted  and  beloved  by  all 
that  knew  him. 

Among  the  many  improved  estates  in  the  County,  is  Green- 
wood, the  residence  of  Hon.  Allen  Bowie  Davis.  This 
place  was  purchased  in  1755,  by  Ephraim  Davis,  the  grand- 
father of  the  present  owner,  and  by  him  transmitted  to  his  son 
Thomas  Davis,  who  during  President  Washington's  administra- 
tion, raised  a  company  and  marched  to  Pennsylvania  in  1794, 
to  suppress  the  "  Whiskey  Insurrection."  He  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature  while  thus  engaged,  and  frequently  thereafter 
filled  the  same  position,  he  was  also  elector  of  the  Senate  under 
the  old  Constitution,  and  occupied  numerous  positions  in  the 
County,  from  Magistrate,  Surveyor  and  Conveyancer  to  Judge 
of  the  County  Court.  He  died  in  1833,  honored  and  regretted 
by  a  huge  circle  of  friends. 

Mr.  Davis,  the  present  proprietor  of  Greenwood,  began  a 
long  career  of  public  duties  and  usefulness  very  early  in  life, 
succeeding  his  father  in  the  Hoard  of  Trustees  of  the  Brookeville 
Academy,  at  the  age  of  twenty-four.  In  1840,  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Board  of  Public  Works  of  the  State,  in  which 
he  exercised  his  influence  in  favor  of  the  representation  of  the 
minority,  and  the  abolition  of  political  agencies  in  the  manage- 
ment of  public  trusts.  In  1850,  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention,  and  was  made  one  of  the  first  trus- 
tees of  the  State  Agricultural  College,  and  subsequently  Presi- 
dent of  the  Board.     At  the  same  time,  he  was  elected  President 


HISTORY   OP  MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  07 

of  the  Montgomery  Manufacturing  Company,  of  Triadelphia. 
He  was  also  President  of  the  Montgomery  County  Agricultural 
Association. 

In  1849,  he  obtained  the  charter  for  the  Brookeville  and  Wash- 
ington Turnpike  Company,  was  elected  President,  served  six- 
teen years,  completed  the  road  and  retired  from  the  Company. 
In  1863,  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  in  186®  was 
elected  President  of  the  Maryland  -State  Agricultural  Society. 
In  addition,  he  has  taken  an  active  interest  in  the  works  of 
internal  improvement,  of  social  and  agricultural  advancement, 
of  national  polity  and  other  matters  pertaining  to  the  prosperity 
of  the  people  of  the  County  and  State. 

One  of  the  oldest  settlers  now  living  in  the  Couuty  is 
Edward  Stabler,  who  is  eighty-five  years  of  age.  He  has 
been  Postmaster  of  Sandy  Springs  for  fifty  years,  and  is  the 
oldest  Postmaster  in  the  United  States.  He  was  the  originator 
of  the  Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Company,  of  Montgomery  County, 
which  was  organized  in  1848 ;  he  was  elected  President,  and 
still  holds  the  office,  enjoying  the  entire  confidence  of  the  Com- 
pany and  community. 

The  Hon.  Allen  Bowie  Davis,  in  a  speech  at  a  meeting  of  the 
State  Agricultural  Society  in  1876,  said  of  this  family,  "  That 
the  farm — a  part  of  which  Mr.  Asa  Stabler  occupies,  was  pur- 
chased about  thirty  years  ago,  by  Caleb  Stabler,  father  of  Mr.  . 
Stabler,  Jr., — at  $2.05  per  acre,  or  .$820  for  400  acres.  It  was 
then  without  house  or  fencing.  Mr.  S.  not  having  a  plethoric 
purse,  built  a  comfortable  two  story  log  house,  with  other  neces- 
sary outhouses  of  the  same,  material,  and  called  it  Drayton. 
To  Drayton  he  removed  with  his  family,  consisting  of  a  wife, 
one  daughter  and  four  sons.  He  inclosed  a  garden,  and  planted 
a  small  orchard.  His  first  crop  of  wheat  was  five  bushels  sown, 
from  which  he  reaped  two  and  a  half  bushels, — the  first  reward 
of  his  labor.  Acting  upon  the  maxim  of  an  old  Quaker  pro- 
genitor— "if  thee  is  kind  to  the  land,  it  never  will  give  thee  an 
ungrateful  return," — he  persevered,  and  did  obtain  a  grateful 
and  bounteous  reward. 

"Accepting  an  invitation  to  spend  a  night  at  Drayton,  some 
years  ago,  I  found  the  venerable  patriarch  and  his  no  less  ven- 
erable wife  alone,  and  by  them  I  was  received  with  all  the 
cordial  but  unostentatious  and  simple   hospitality  which  it  was 


98  HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY    COUNTY. 

possible  for  a  host  and  hostess  to  lavish  upon  the  most  honored 
and  distinguished  guest.  I  soon  learned  from  them  that  their 
daughter  was  married,  and  all  of  the  sous  grown  up  and  settled 
out  for  themselves.  After  tea,  a  rap  at  the  door  announeed  a 
visitor,  and  one  by  one  the  four  sons  and  the  son-in-law  came 
in  to  inquire  after  the  health  of  father  and  mother,  ami  to  pay 
their  respects  to  their  guest,  I  learned  also,  that  the  400  acres 
had  been  divided  into  six  parts,  and  that  each  of  the  sons  and 
son-in-law  had  built  and  was  settled  on  his  portion — the  old 
folks  retaining  the  homestead — and  that  each  was  near  enough, 
after  the  labor  of  the  day  and  after  tea,  to  walk  over  to  Dray- 
ton, to  inquire  after  the  well-being  of  their  parents.  I  thought 
I  never  saw  a  brighter  or  happier  family,  or  witnessed  a  more 
interesting  or  so  instructive  a  scene. 

"Within  a  few  days  past  I  have  again  passed  through  the 
same  original  farm,  now  cut  up  and  divided,  as  already  stated. 
The  venerable  sire  and  his  consort  still  survive;  each  of  the 
sons  and  son-in-law  are  in  genteel  and  comfortable  houses,  sur- 
rounded with  well  kept  gardens  and  orchards,  flowers,  shrubs 
and  ornamental  trees  and  farm, — as  Mr.  Stabler  can  testify — 
yielding  from  20  to  32  bushels  of  wheat  per  acre,  with  corres- 
ponding crops  of  corn,  hay  and  straw,  supplemented  by  all 
varieties  of  fruit,  from  the  early  strawberry  to  October  peach 
and  hard  russet  apple." 

Mr.  W.  T.  ft.  Sapfell,  was  born  September  18th,  1818,  two 
miles  south  of  Barnesville,  on  a  farm  (.-ailed  Knott's  Place, 
where  his  father  Lameok  Saffell  resided.  He  was  baptised  by 
Rev.  Mr.  Green,  and  first  heard  the  Gospel  preached  by  Rev. 
Basil  Barry.  His  great  uncle  was  Charles  Saffell,  a  revolution- 
ary soldier  and  pensioner,  who  lived  on  a  farm  five  miles  north 
of  Kockville,  near  Caithersburg,  and  died  in  1837,  at  the  age  of 
ninety.  At  the  beginning  of  the  revolution,  he  lived  with  his 
father,  a  French  musician,  in  Prince  George's  County.  From 
that  County  he  marched  to  Annapolis  and  joined  the  Regiment 
of  the  Maryland  Flying  (amp,  under  the  command  of  General 
liezin  Beall,  and  sailing  to  the  head  of  Elk  River,  he  marched 
north  to  New  York  in  the  company  commanded  by  John  Maw- 
kins  Lowe.  Charles  was  a  drummer,  lifer  and  bugler  at  the 
battles  of  Long  Island,  Fort  Washington,  Brandy  wine,  Cer- 
mantown  and  Monmouth.      In   his  latter  days  he  was  an  Auc- 


HISTORY   OF  MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  99 

tioneer,  and  in  that  capacity  visited  all  iiarts  of  the  County. 
As  a  violinist,  he  amused  himself  in  his  feeble  old  age,  and 
often  reproduced  the  melodies  of  the  Revolution  in  a  peculiar 
style,  now  forever  lost. 

Francis  Cassott  Clopper  was  born  in  Baltimore,  July 
26th,  1786;  began  life  in  Philadelphia,  and  when  only  eighteen 
years  of  age  Avas  sent  by  his  employers  to  New  Orleans,  to  col- 
lect moneys  due  them  there,  and  at  intermediate  points.  The 
trip  was  made  on  horseback,  through  a  wild  frontier  country, 
alone,  or  with  such  chance  companions  as  he  might  meet  upon 
the  road.  His  mission  was  successful,  and  he  brought  back  the 
money  quilted  in  his  vest;  after  which  he  made  many  more 
trips  like  it. 

On  the  8th  of  July,  1811,  he  was  married  to  Ann  Jane  Byrne, 
of  Philadelphia,  and  in  the  following  year  he  pnrchased  the 
farm  in  Montgomery  County,  upon  which  he  resided  until  his 
death, — the  family  having  removed  there  in  the  same  year, — 
making  a  continuous  residence  of  fifty-seven  years. 

The  original  grants  of  the  tracts  of  lands,  comprised  in  the 
purchase,  date  back  to  1748,  to  the  times  of  the  Lords  Proprie- 
tary, and  formed  part  of  their  Manor  of  Cor  ococheague,  or,  as 
one  of  them  lias  it,  of  "  Calverton."  The  lands  are  described  as 
lying  upon  "Sinicar"  Creek,  near  the  ford  known  as  the  ''Indian 
Ford;"  and  it  is  said  that  the  old  Indian  road  from  Washington 
to  Frederick  crossed  Seneca  a,  few  yards  above  the  present 
County  road  crossing. 

The  land  at  one  time  belonged  to  the  Benson  family,  but 
about  1804  was  sold  to  Zaehariah  McCubbin,  from  whom  Mr. 
Clopper  purchased  it.  Other  tracts  were  boughtfrom  other 
parties  at  a  later  date.  The  original  foundation  of  the  mill  is 
not  known.  One  was  standing  in  1812  upon  the  site  of  the 
present  saw-mill. 

His  public  spirit  was  a  prominent  feature  of  Mr.  Hopper's 
character, — always  interested  in  some  project  for  the  advance- 
ment Of  the  County. 

The  last  twenty  years  of  his  lite  were  expended,  almost 
entirely,  in  efforts  to  procure  the  construction  of  a  railroad 
through  the  County.  At  one  time  in  the  organization  of  the 
original  Metropolitan  Railroad  Company,  and  when  that  failed 
in  the  business  depression  of  1857,  he  called  the  attention  of 


100  HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

the  President  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Eailroad  to  the  advan- 
tages of  the  route  to  his  company,  and  procured  a  recouoissance 
to  be  made,  and  a  report,  which  later  were  followed  up  by  the 
construction  of  the  road. 

Mrs.  Olopper  died  in  1805,  after  a  married  life  of  fifty-four 
years,  and  Mr.  Clopper  in  1808, — the  desire  of  his  life,  to  see 
the  Metropolitan  Eailroad  completed,  unsatisfied. 

William  Wilson  was  born  on  the  tract  of  land  known  as 
"  Wilson's  Inheritance,"  near  the  division  line  between  Montgo- 
mery and  Frederick  Counties,  on  the  left  of  the  present  road 
from  Hyattstown  to  Barnesville.  The  tract  is  now  owned  by 
the  Hershey  family,  John  Sellman,  and  others.  Jonathan  Wil- 
son, the  grandfather  of  William,  became  the  owner  of  this 
tract  over  one  hundred  years  ago,  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature  when  the  County  was  first  formed.  He  was  a  man 
of  powerful  constitution  and  lived  to  be  ninety-eight  years  old ; 
his  death,  at  that  age,  resulting  from  accident. 

He  was  a  man  of  much  intelligence,  energy  of  character,  and 
influence.  His  only  son,  John,  inherited  the  estate,  and  lived 
in  the  house  now  occupied  by  Mr.  C.  E.  Hershey.  He  also  lived 
to  an  advanced  age,  ninety-three. 

John  had  four  sons,  and  a  daughter  who  married  Dr.  Ma- 
gruder,  and  became  the  mother  of  the  late  Dr.  William  B. 
Magruder,  near  Brookeville,  and  of  other  children — ten  in  all — 
whose  descendants  are  numerous  and  widely  scattered. 

The  eldest,  John,  lived  and  died  on  the  paternal  acres,  a 
highly  esteemed  gentleman  of  the  olden  times,  and  a  bachelor, 
lie  died  in  1849,  aged  eighty-nine. 

The  second  son,  Thomas  P.,  settled  in  Bockville,  was  for 
many  years  a  prominent  merchant  there,  and  died  at  that  place 
about  the  year  L832.  His  descendants  are  now  living  in  Fred- 
erick City  and  County. 

The  fourth  son,  Charles,  lived  for  many  years  in  Medle\*s 
District,  first  as  a  merchant  at  Poolesville,  then  on  a  farm  which 
he  purchased,  not  far  from  the  mouth  of  the  Monocacy — the 
farm  is  now  owned  by  the  White  family — and  finally  removed 
to  the  southern  part  of  Kentucky,  where  he  died.  His  descend- 
ants are  to  be  found  in  Tennessee,  Virginia,  and  Baltimore 
County  of  this  State. 


HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  101 

The  third,  William,  very  early  in  life,  engaged  in  merchan- 
dising in  Clarksburg,  and  continued  the  business  uninterrupt- 
edly at  the  same  stand  for  about  forty-five  years — dying  in  1859, 
at  the  age  of  eighty-three.  He  married  the  eldest  daughter  of 
John  Clark,  one  of  the  oldest  residents  of  the  village,  (which 
was  named  after  him,)  and  to  his  business,  on  his  death,  he 
succeeded. 

Mr.  Leonidas  Wilson,  his  son,  is  still  living,  and  resides  in 
Clarksburg,  and  has  accumulated  a  considerable  fortune. 

The  Hon.  Thomas  Lansdale  was  born  in  this  County  in 
1808.  He  was  extensively  engaged  in  mechanical  operations 
for  a  number  of  years,  and  invented  the  first  wood  planing 
machine,  and  the  metallic  yoke  for  swing  i)(.]]8.  t,,  ix4l',  he 
became  interested  in  the Triadelphia  .Mills,  remaining  five  years,  .. 
when  he  took  eharge  of  the  Granite  Factory  at  Ellicott'a  Mills, 
where  he  remained  ten  years.  He  was  the  first  to  introduce 
steam  into  a  factory  for  heating  purposes.  In  1866,  he  returned 
to  Triadephia,  and  by  his  enterprise  and  energy  succeeded  in 
making  it  a  thriving  village  containing  four  hundred  inhabi- 
tants, with  a  large  three  story  stone  Cotton  Factory,  Saw, 
Plaster,  Bone  and  Grist  Mills,  Stone  and  Mechanical  Shops. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1861,  and  was  elected  to  the  Senate  1865.  He  died  in  1878, 
universally  respected  by  the  large  circle  of  operatives,  business 
men  and  politicians,  with  whom  he  was  associated,  while  he 
lived  in  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  his  friends  and  neighbors. 

John  Thomas,  who  sixty  years  ago  lived  about  six  miles  ' 
from  Triadelphia,  near  Green's  Bridge  over  the  Patuxent,  estab- 
lished an  interesting  industry  for  the  collection  of  pine  sap  from 
the  pine  trees  in  the  adjaceut  forests.  This  was  done  by 
removing  a  small  chip  from  the  foot  of  the  tree,  near  the  root, 
the  opening  thus  made  would  receive  the  falling  sap,  which  was 
gathered  in  the  morning,  taken  to  Mr.  Thomas,  who  paid  ten 
cents  an  ounce  for  it;  the  revenue  derived  from  this  source  was 
not  sufficient  to  meet  the  expectations  of  the  projector,  and  it 
was  abandoned;  and  the  ancient  Sap  Tappers  of  the  Patuxent 
is  a  tradition  of  the  past. 

Dr.  Richard  Waters,  of  revolutionary  fame,  was  born 
about  1760,  and  served  as  a  Surgeon  in  the  war  for  indepen- 
dence, and  was  noted  for  his  skill  as  a  surgeon   as  well   as  a 


102  HISTORY   OF  MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

practising  physician.  After  the  close  of  the  War,  he  purchased 
a  large  estate  called  "Spring  Garden,"  on  the  road  leading  from 
Goshen  to  Gaithersburg,  and  the  road  from  Mechanicsville  to 
Clarksburg.  Dr.  Waters  was  born  in  Prince  George's  County, 
where  he  married  Miss  Margaret  Smith,  by  whom  he  had  sev- 
eral children.  His  son  Richard  was  a  prominent  man  in  the 
County,  and  held  the  office  of  Sheriff,  while  his  brother  Som- 
erset was  a  prominent  Commission  Merchant  of  Baltimore, 
and  served  a  long  time  as  Tobacco  Inspector. 

John  S.  Belt,  a  Justice  of  the  Peace,  of  Clarksburg,  mar- 
ried a  granddaughter  of  Dr.  Waters.  Mr.  Belt  is  a  young  and 
efficient  Magistrate,  and  takes  a  lively  interest  in  the  improve- 
ment of  the  social,  intellectual  and  agricultural  advancement  of 
the  County.  lie  is  Treasurer  of  the  Clarksburg  Literary  Asso- 
ciation, of  which  he  is  an  active  and  efficient  member.  He  is 
also  extensively  engaged  in  the  fertilizing  business,  and  his  farm 
gives  ample  evidence  of  the  benefits  derived  from  skilful  culti- 
vation. He  has  recently  planted  an  extensive  orchard,  contain- 
ing choice  varieties  of  fruit. 

Hon.  Bichard  Waters,  son  of  Dr.  Bichard  Waters,  of 
revolutionary  fame,  was  born  December  19th,  1794,  on  the  old 
homestead,  "Spring  Garden,"  and  at  an  early  age  took  an 
active  interest  in  the  politics  of  the  Couuty.  In  his  canvass  for 
the  legislative  assembly,  he  found  a  great  many  young  men  who 
could  neither  read  nor  write,  and,  on  investigation,  he  discov- 
ered that  the  money  appropriated  by  the  State  for  paying  the 
tuition  of  those  whose  parents  were  unable  to  pay  for  the 
schooling  of  their  children,  was  often  used  by  the  board  of 
trustees,  as  they  were  called,  in  paying  for  children  whose 
parents  were  aide  to  pay,  but  their  political  influence  was  such 
i  enable  them  to  divert  the  moneys  intended  for  the  instruc- 
tion of  the  poor,  to  the  payment  of  the  education  of  their  own 
children. 

This  led  Mr.  Waters  to  make  a,  spirited  canvass  of  the  ( 'ounty, 
and  he  w;is  elected  to  the  Legislature  by  an  overwhelming 
majority.  One  of  his  first  efforts  in  the  legislative  assembly 
was  for  a  change  in  the  old  system  of  school  education,  and  he 
succeeded  in  having  a  bill  passed  for  Public  School  Education 
in  the  State  of  Man  land,  that  resulted  in  tin  abolishment  of 
the  old   system   and   inaugurated  a  new  era  in  the  education  of 


HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  103 

the  people.  It  was  the.  initial  movement,  whieh  has,  by  im- 
provement, resulted  in  the  present  School  System. 

He  was  re-elected  for  a  second  term,  and  filled  the  position 
with  honor,  both  to  himself  and  his  constituents.  He  is  still 
living,  and  is  about  eighty-five  years  old.  He  has  four  sons  and 
one  daughter  living. 

His  son  Lemuel  is  an  eminent  divine  in  the  Missouri  Confer- 
ence of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  South. 

William  is  the  Agent  of  the  Adams  Express  Company,  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Somerset  is  a  Physician  of  large  practice  in  Carroll  County, 
and  has  served  in  the  Legislature  several  terms  from  that 
County. 

George  still  resides  in  the  County,  near  the  old  ancestral 
acres,  and  has  occupied  several  public  offices  of  trust  in  the 
County. 

Rebecca,  the  daughter,  married  Jesse  T.  Higgins,  of  this 
County,  formerly  a  prominent  merchant  of  Poolesville.  and  now 
a  merchant  of  Baltimore, 

The  following  names  of  citizens  and  families  of  the  County 
are  worthy  of  record,  and  of  being  handed  down  r«.  posterity 
and  honorable  recollection,  William  Darne,  Dr.  S.  N".  C.  White, 
William  Pool,  Abraham  S.  Hayes,  William  Bennett,  Brook 
Jones,  Joseph  1.  Johnson,  Nathan  Hempston,  ,buioJi_Xhdimlhi 
Horatio  Trundle,  llezekiah  Trundle,  Richard  UaSfo-Twilliam 
Trail,  Thos.  C.  Lannan,  Eev.  Thos.  W.  Green,  Dr.  Horatio 
Wilson,  Rev.  Basil  Harry,  the  Fletchers,  Dawsons,  Platers, 
Whites,  Waters,  liarbvs,  ^in£s,  Gotts,  Glaizes,  Kings, 
Pnrdnms,  Gaithers,  Cues,  Browns,  Bensons,  Brewers.  Gassa- 
ways,  Pooles,  Xeills,  Buttons,  Biggs,  Qwens,  Gartrells.  Perrys, 
BeaUs,  Dorseys.  : — 


CHAPTER   XV. 

Boundaries  of  the  County.  Building  Stone.  Roofing  Slate. 
Gold.  Chronic.  Quantity  of  Land  and  its  Value.  Number  of 
Horses  and  other  Cattle.  Farm  Productions  for  1878.  Intel- 
lectual, Social  and  Agricultural  Institutions.  Population  from 
17!M)  to  1870.  Society  of  Friends.  Improvements  at  the  close 
of  the  Internecine  War.  Influence  of  the  Metropolitan  Bail- 
road. 

Montgomery  County  is  bounded  on  the  south-west  by  Vir- 
ginia, from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Potomac  River.  The' 
Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal  runs  along  the  whole  south-western 
boundary,  following  the  banks  of  the  Potomac  River  from 
Georgetown  to  the  mouth  of  the  Monocacy.  On  the  north-west 
by  Frederick  County,  being  divided  from  it  by  a  line  running 
from  the  mouth  of  Monocacy  to  Parr's  Spring,  on  the  Patuxent 
River.  On  the  north-east  by  Howard  County,  from  which  it  is 
separated  by  the  Patuxent  River.  On  the  south-east  by  Prince 
George's  County,  and  south  by  the  District  of  Columbia. 

A  red  sandstone  is  found  on  the  Potomac,  near  Seneca  Creek, 
and  is  known  as  the  "Seneca  Stone,"  and  has  been  extensively 
used  in  the  District  of  Columbia, — the  Smithsonian  Institution, 
in  Washington,  and  many  other  buildings,  both  public  and  pri- 
vate, being  built  from  these  quarries. 

A  blue  stone,  of  a  bright  color,  and  in  every  respect  equal  to 
granite,  is  now  being  quarried  on  the  Potomac  River.  The  new 
Georgetown  College?  has  been  built  from  this  stone,  which  can 
be  cut  and  finished  into  any  shape;  and,  as  a  building  stone, 
for  durability  and  beauty,  lias  no  equal  in  this  section  <>r  the 
country.  It  is  also  extensively  used  for  foundation  and  paving 
purposes,  giving  universal  satisfaction. 

Roofing  slate  is  obtained  in  the  vicinity  of  Hyattstown^nd 
is  in  extensive  demand. 

Gold  is  found  in  sufficient  quantities,  near  the  Great  Falls  of 

the   Potomac,  to  attract  the  attention  of  capitalists,  who  are 


HISTORY   OF  MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  105 

organizing  for  the  successful  operation  of  the  mines,  with  a 
favorable  prospect  of  success.  A  manufacturing  jeweler,  and 
his  son,  of  Washington,  make  weekly  excursions  to  the  locality, 
and  in  the  small  streams  of  water,  pick  up  sufficient  ore  in  a 
few  hours,  in  small  lumps,  ranging  in  size  from  a  marble  to  that 
of  an  i^g<x,  which,  upon  smelting,  will  yield  from  eight  to  ten 
dollars  worth  of  pure  gold. 

Chrome  is  also  to  be  found  in  considerable  quantities  in  dif- 
ferent sections  of  the  County. 

Montgomery  County  contains  two  hundred  and  forty-two 
thousand  three  hundred  and  fifty-six  acres,  as  follows:  Im- 
proved— one  hundred  and  sixty-two  thousand  one  hundred  and 
forty-three  acres.  Woodland — sixty-three  thousand  six  hundred 
and  sixty-six  acres.  Other  unimproved  land — sixteen  thousand 
five  hundred  and  forty-seven  acres.  Present  cash  value: 
Farms — five  millions  four  hundred  and  eighty  thousand  five 
hundred  and  seventy  live  dollars.  Farming  implements  and 
machinery — three  hundred  thousand  dollars.  Annual  amount 
of  wages,  including  board — five  hundred  thousand  dollars. 
Total  amount  of  all  farm  productions,  including  improvements 
and  additions  to  stock — two  million  dollars.  Value  of  all  live 
stock — one  million  of  dollars.  Number  of  horses — five  thous- 
and three  hundred  and  sixty-four.  Mules — four  bundled. 
Milch  cows — five  thousand  two  hundred  and  twelve.  Oxen — 
six  hundred.  Other  cattle — five  thousand.  Sheep — six  thous- 
and nine  hundred.  Swine — fourteen  thousand.  Production  of 
Wheat  for  the  past  year — three  hundred  and  ten  thousand 
bushels.  Eye — thirty  thousand.  Corn — six  hundred  and  forty 
thousand.  Oats — one  hundred  and  seventy-five  thousand. 
Buckwheat — one  thousand.  Tobacco — six  hundred  and  fifty 
thousand  pounds.  Wool — twenty  thousand  pounds.  Pota- 
toes— two  hundred  thousand  bushels.  Butter — two  hundred 
and  ten  thousand  pounds.  Hay — thirteen  thousand  tons. 
Honey — three  thousand  tour  hundred  and  fifty  pounds. 

Among  the  Institutions  which  have  rendered  Montgomery 
County  conspicuous  for  intellectual  culture,  and  social  and  agri- 
cultural progress,  are  the 

Montgomery  County  Agricultural  Society,  organ- 
ized in  1844.     John  C.  Peter  was  the  first  President ;  A.  B.  Davis, 

8 


106  HISTORY   OF  MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

second;  Robert  P.  Dunlap,  third;  Joseph  H.  Bradley,  fourth; 
Elisha  J.  Hall,  fifth ;  and  John  H.  Gassaway,  the  present. 

The  Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Company  of  Montgomery 
County  was  chartered  in  1848,  with  fifty  thousand  dollars 
worth  of  insurance.  It  has  insured  about  nineteen  million  dol- 
lars worth  of  property  during  the  thirty  years  of  its  existencer 
and  has  paid  out  for  losses,  by  tire,  over  four  hundred  and  fifty 
thousand  dollars.  They  now  hold  policies  of  insurance  on 
nearly  fourteen  million  dollars  worth  of  property;  its  operation 
extending  to  every  County  in  the  State.  Eobert  R.  Moore  lias 
served  the  Company  as  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  from  the 
beginning  to  the  present  time. 

The  Rockville  Mutual  Building  Association,  the  first 
institution  of  the  kind  in  the  County,  Mas  chartered  in  March, 
1873. 

Circulating  Libraries  are  at  Brookeville,  Sandy  Springs, 
Rockville,  Poolesville  and  Darnestown. 

The  Brookeville,  Rockville  and  Darnestown  Acad- 
emies, are  long  established  Institutions;  also,  the  Rockland 
Seminary,  at  Sandy  Springs. 

The  Montgomery  County  Branch  of  the  Prisoners'  Aid  Society . 
The  Farmers'  Club,  of  Sandy  Springs:  the  Enterprise  Farm- 
ers' Club;  the  Montgomery  Farmers'  Club;  the  Sandy  Springs 
Lyceum;  the  Horticultural  Society;  the  Home  Interest  Society 
and  Young  Folks'  Sociable, — allot  Sandy  Springs. 

The  Sandy  Springs  Savings  Bank  was  chartered  in  1808, 
and  lias  over  eighty  thousand  dollars  on  deposit,  largely  from 
the  laboring  class.  There  are  twenty-six  Directors,  who  are 
among  the  most  prominent  and  responsible  citizens  of  the 
County.  The  funds  of  the  Institution  have  been  so  well  man- 
aged, and  invested,  that  the  Hank,  after  paying  all  expenses, 
has  annually  paid  to  its  depositors  six  per  cent,  on  their 
deposits,  reserving  a  surplus  to  meet  contingencies.  Caleb 
Stabler,  President,  B.  Rush  Roberts,  Treasurer,  aud  Allen  Far- 
quhar,  Secretary. 

Conspicuous  in  the  work  of  intellectual,  social  and  agricul- 
tural organization  and  development,  are  the  Grangers  of  the 
County.  They  have  thriving  Lodges  at  Bethesda,  Barnesville, 
Brighton,  Damascus,  Darnestown,  Qaithersburg,  Great  Falls, 
Olney,  Hyattstown  and  Liberty  Grove. 


HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  107 

The  Clarksburg  Literary  Association,  established  in 
L879,  0.  EL  Murphy,  President,  William  R.  Windsor,  Vice- 
President.  John  S.  Belt,  Treasurer,  T.  II.  S.  Boyd,  Correspond- 
ing Secretary,  and  Thos.  A.  Burdette,  Recording  Secretary. 

Montgomery  County  lias  witnessed  three  phases  of  civiliza- 
tion since  the  early  settlements. 

First,  were  the  old  Tobacco  Planters,  with  their  baronial 
estates  and  armies  of  slaves.  They  felled  the  native  forests, 
and  planted  the  virgin  soil  in  tobacco  and  Indian  coin.  This 
did  very  well  so  long  as  there  was  timber  for  the  axe,  and  new 
land  for  the  hoe;  and  these  old  lords  of  manors  were  happy; 
they  feasted,  and  frolicked  and  fox  hunted,  and  made  the  most 
of  life;  those  days  are  known  as  -the  good  old  times." 

In  less  than  a  century  after  this  system  of  denuding  and 
exhaustion  began,  there  were  no  more  forests  to  clear,  and  no 
more  new  land  to  till.  Then  succeeded  the  period  of  old  fields, 
decaying  worm  fences,  and  mouldering  homesteads.  This  sad 
condition  of  the  County  had  reached  its  climax  about  the  year 
1840,  the  population  of  the  County  having  steadily  diminished 
from  1790,  when  it  was  eighteen  thousand,  down  to  fifteen 
thousand,  when  it  was  at  its  minimum,  in  this  year,  as  will  be 
Been  by  examining  the  census  of  the  County. 

Population  of  the  County. 

WHITE.         COLORED.         TOTAL. 

1790 11,679 6,324 18,003 

LSOO 8,508. 6,550 15,058 

1810 0,731 8,240 17,980 

L820 9,082 7,318 1(1,400 

1830 12,103 7,7 13. , 19,816 

L840 8,766 0,090 15,456 

1850 0,435 0,425 15,S00 

1800 11,340 0,073 1.8,322 

1870 L3,128 7,434 2o,:>o;; 

From  l7'.»o.  there  was  a  constant  stream  of  emigration  from  the 

County,  some  going  to  the  cotton  fields  of  the  South,  but  most 
to  the  fertile  new  lands  of  the  Wpst,  including  Kentucky  and 
Missouri,  lew  of  the  enterprising  young  men  settled  on  their 
fathers"  farms.  \^ 


108  HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

The  laud  would  no  longer  yield  an  increase,  and  they  made 
no  attempt  at  renovating  and  improving  the  soil,  and  Mont- 
gomery lands  became  a  synonym  for  poverty.  The  lands  bor- 
dering the  Rockville  and  Georgetown  Turnpike,  the  then  only 
paved  road  in  the  County,  were  with  the  exception  of  Robert 
Dick's,  and  one  or  two  other  farms,  but  a  succession  of  unin- 
closed  old  fields.  This  was  not  universally  the  fact.  The  red 
lands  of  Medley's,  and  those  around  Brookeville,  and  in  the 
Friends'  Settlement  at  Sandy  Springs,  and  on  the  Hawlings' 
River,  with  an  occasional  farm  in  other  sections,  had  retained 
comparative  fertility. 

This' emigration  was  not  however  in  vain;  it  added  strength 
and  intelligence  to  the  movement,  which  from  the  first  settle- 
ment of  the  County,  has  ever  been  in  progress  from  the  Atlantic 
to  the  Pacific,  and  furnished  representative  men  to  other  States. 

The  Lamars  of  the  South,  who  now  have  a  representative  in 
the  United  States  Senate,  and  the  grandfather  of  Thomas 
Benton,  of  Missouri,  were  from  this  County. 

The  late  Senators,  Edwards,  of  Illinois,  with  Davis  and 
Proctor  Knott,  of  Kentucky,  besides  a  host  of  others  who 
have  filled  distinguished  positions  at  the  bar,  on  the  bench,  and 
in  every  representative  capacity  throughout  the  Western  States, 
were  natives  of  this  County. 

The  Society  of  Friends,  in  the  vicinity  of  Sandy  Springs, 
who  formed  their  settlement  in  the  course  of  the  decade  pre- 
ceding and  following  the  middle  of  tbe  eighteenth  century,  and 
who  at  every  period  of  the  history  of  the  County  have  done  so 
much  to  promote  the  material  development  and  intellectual 
advancement  of  the  County,  first  abandoned  this  destructive 
system  of  cultivation  during  the  last  quarter  of  the  past  century, 
induced  thereto,  by  the  change  then  made  in  the  character  of 
their  labor. 

The  same  society  about  1845,  introduced  in  this  County  the 
old  Chincha  Island,  Peruvian  Guano,  the  effect  of  which  was 
magical.  As  soon  as  the  people  became  aware  that  by  (he 
application  of  this  new  fertilizer  to  their  old  worn  out  lands,  they 
could  be  made  to  produce  remunerative  crops  of  cereals  and 
grasses;  then  they  turned  to  their  cultivation  with  the  wonted 
energy  of  the  race.     This  industry  was  greatly  promoted  by 


HISTORY   OF  MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  109 

the  Crimean  war,  which  caused  a  material  enhancement  in  the 
prices  of  all  kinds  of  farm  products. 

From  this  epoch  the  cereal  growing  period  may  be  dated — 
old  buildings  were  renovated  and  repaired,  while  new  buildings, 
aud  handsome  residences,  replete  with  modern  improvements, 
took  the  place  of  the  old  tumble  down,  moss-covered,  and 
worm-eaten  cot  of  the  past.  New  post  and  rail  fences,  with 
improved  gates,  replaced  the  old  worm  and  picket  fence,  and 
the  fields  teemed  with  bountiful  harvests.  The  decade  from 
1850  to  1860,  was  one  of  universal  prosperity  to  the  people  of 
the  County.  Towns  and  villages  sprung  up,  stores  were  estab- 
lished at  cross  roads,  while  internal  improvements  were  progress- 
ing in  all  parts  of  the  County. 

Then  came  the  dark  spectre  of  Internecine  War  between  the 
sections  of  the  country,  with  its  fair  possessions  filled  with  bit- 
ter dissensions  and  sectional  differences,  with  all  their  blighting 
and  devastating  horrors.  Again  the  young  men  sought  the 
tented  field,  and  the  business  of  farming  was,  in  many  locali- 
ties, suspended.  Houses  and  fences  were  destroyed,  and  farms 
laid  waste,  by  the  marching  aud  counter-marching  of  armies 
and  the  general  ravages  of  war.  Slavery  was  abolished  during 
the  war,  and  at  its  close  the  third  era,  or  free  labor  period,  was 
entered  upon  by  the  people. 

The  young  men  returned  to  their  homes,  with  muscles  hard- 
ened and  energies  quickened  by  their  martial  experience.  They 
accepted  with  cheerfulness  the  new  order  of  things,  and  fully 
alive  to  the  kindly  properties  of  their  native  soil,  and  acquainted 
with  the  means  of  rendering  it  productive,  went  to  work  with  a 
will,  and  since  that  time  every  vestige  of  that  unfortunate 
Struggle  has  been  effaced;  and  now,  with  a  larger  and  increas- 
ing population,  the  people  are  making  rapid  strides  towards  an 
advanced  state  of  enlightenment  and  material  prosperity.  Fine 
and  imposing  buildings  are  being  erected,  with  beautiful  lawns 
and  gardens  attached.  Magnificent  aud  substantial  churches 
have  taken  the  place  of  the  old  log  meeting-houses,  and  are 
more  numerous  and  largely  attended.  School  houses,  of  supe- 
rior construction,  have  greatly  multiplied,  and  the  school  sys- 
tem more  thorough  aud  efficient  than  any  which  preceded  it. 
The  roads  have  been  increased  and  improved,  while  handsome 
and  substantial    bridges  span    the  creeks   and    water-courses, 


110  HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

facilitating  travel  and  transportation.  The  old  fields  have  all 
been  reclaimed,  and  under  improved  fencing,  are  yielding  hand 
some  returns  to  their  owners. 

The  opening  of  the  Metropolitan  Railroad  has  exerted 
a  marked  influence  upon  the  material  improvement  and  pros- 
perity of  the  County.  Over  half  a  million  of  dollars  annually 
has  been  expended  by  the  people  in  the  purchase  of  lime,  bone, 
phosphates  and  other  fertilizers  of  a  like  character,  resulting  in 
the  production  of  from  eighteen  to  fifty  bushels  of  wheat,  and 
from  thirty  to  sixty  bushels  of  corn  to  the  acre,  giving  employ- 
ment to  over  thirty  Mills,  located  on  the  various  branches  and 
streams  in  the  County,  several  of  which  are  Merchant  Mills. 
Besides  this,  a  large  amount  of  grain  is  anually  exported  to 
Georgetown  and  Baltimore. 

Market  gardening  and  fruit  growing  are  becoming  extensive 
industries,  and  can  nowhere  else  be  more  successfully  prose- 
cuted, the  soil  yielding  abundantly,  and  of  the  best  quality,  all 
the  vegetables  and  fruits  common  to  a  temperate  climate. 

The  cultivation  of  the  grape  for  the  manufacture  of  wine  is 
also  growing  into  quite  a  business,  and  cannot  fail  to  eventually 
prove  successful,  as  this  County  is  the  home  of  many  varieties 
of  the  wild  grape,  and  the  native  soil  of  the  Catawba.  These 
various  industries  combined  with  the  energy  and  enterprise  of 
the  people,  must  soon  place  the  County  in  the  foremost  rank  of 
Agricultural  progress.  The  local  advantages  of  this  County 
are  numerous,  especially  is  this  so,  as  regards  the  numerous 
rivers,  streams  and  creeks  that  traverse  every  portion  of  the 
County,  affording  ample  facilities  for  water-power,  which, 
in  the  future,  will  be  sure  to  promote  and  accelerate  the'  march 
of  improvement.  The  Great  Falls  on  the  Potomac  is  the 
largest  available  water-power  in  the  world,  and  with  its 
development  and  utilization  for  manufacturing  purposes,  can- 
not fail  to  eventuate  in  the  growth  of  a  considerable  manufac- 
turing town  at  that  point. 

The  commercial  importance  of  Baltimore,  connected  as  it  is 
with  this  County  by  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  and  Metropolitan 
Railroads,  must  exert  .1  strong  influence  in  the  future  progrei  i 
and  improvements  of  the  County,  being  the  great  market  from 
whence  are  drawn  the  supplies  of  Merchandise,  Agricultural 


HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  Ill 

Implements,  Fertilizers,  etc.,  demanded  for  the  use  and  benefit 
of  the  County. 

But  above  all,  the  influence  of  the  National  Capital  which 
over-shadows  but  to  bless  this  favored  section  of  the  land, 
must,  in  the  near  future,  make  this  County  all  that  its  most 
sanguine  people  could  wish  or  hope.  Already  many  per- 
sons of  distinction  and  wealth,  whose1  business  or  inclination 
attracts  them  to  Washington,  are  seeking  sites  for  country  villas 
or  suburban  residences. 


PRESENT  OFFICERS  OF  THE  COUNTY. 


Chief  Judge Hon.  Richard  J.  Bowie. 

.  ,     T  ,  i  Hon.  John  W.  Lynch, 

Associate  Judges <  __.        _xr  _T  n         ? 

J  \  Hon.  W.  \  eirs  Bouic. 

Cleric E.  B.  Prettyman. 

r  Edward  W.  Owen, 

Judges  of  Orphans1  Court 1  Dr.  A.  H.  Sommers, 

L  Samuel  Darby. 

Register  of  Wills Robert  W.  Carter. 

/  1st  District,  David  Griffith, 

V  2nd      "       Joseph  Henderson, 

Commissioners /  3rd      "        W.  W.  Poole, 

i  Ath      "       John  Saunders, 

yhth       "       Thos.  Hardesty. 

Clerk Jos.  A.  Taney. 

Sherif John  Ambrose  Clements. 

Surveyor William  Grady. 

r  Samuel  Jones, 

Board  of  School  Commissioners <  William  T.  Jones, 

C.  Walter  M.  Talbot. 

Examiner  and  Treasurer Captain  James  Anderson. 

State  Senate Hon.  George  Peter. 

r  Hon.  Montgomery  Blair, 

Legislature <  Hon.  Howard  Griffith, 

i  Hon.  William  M.  Canby. 

State's  Attorney Spencer  C.   Jones. 


CHAPTER   XVI. 

Apiculture — Peach  Culture. 

Keeping  and  Propagation  of  Bees.  Process  of  removing  Honey, 
without  destroying  Bees.  Principal  Bee  Raisers  in  the  County. 
Peach  Trees.  Propagation  of  Trees.  List  of  desirable  varie- 
ties. 

The  keeping  and  propagation  of  Bees  in  the  County  is 
assuming-  considerable  importance.  It  requires  but  small  capi- 
tal and  a  very  limited  amount  of  muscular  labor,  while  attended 
with  little  or  no  risk. 

Bee  keeping  has  become  a  science,  and  those  who  patiently 
learn  their  ways,  have  no  fear  of  being  stung.  Neither  are 
whole  swarms  of  these  industrious  little  creatures  destroyed  in 
order  to  secure  their  treasures  of  sweetness.  On  the  contrary, 
they  have  really  become  pets  of  those  who  take  a  loving  care 
of  them. 

To  such  perfection  has  the  art  of  raising  honey  been  brought, 
that,  not  a  bee  is  sacrificed  in  taking  away  the  honey,  while  the 
comb  is  even  saved. 

By  a  new  and  very  ingenious  little  machine,  the  fresh  combs 
when  taken  from  the  hives  are  deftly  unsealed,  and  the  honey 
extracted  from  the  comb  on  the  principle  of  suction  by  air,  and 
the  comb  perfectly  uninjured  is  returned  to  the  hive  to  be  filled 
again  in  a  few  days  by  the  same.  bees.  This  boney  is  the  purest 
known  on  the  market,  and  is  put  up  in  sealed  glasses,  and 
is  every  day  becoming  a  more  staple  article  of  food. 

The  feeding  and  keeping  of  bees  is  very  easily  learned,  and 
is  sai<l  by  those  engaged  in  it  to  be  a  most  delightful  employ- 
ment. Two  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  will  stock  a  yard  of  bees, 
that  with    proper  care  will  yield  yearly  one   thousand  dollars. 

Mahlon  T.  Lewis,  of  Clarksburg,  and  Capt.  V.  P.  Meigs,  of 
Boyd's  Station,  are  extensively  engaged  in  their  propagation. 

Capt  MeigS  purchased  a  handsome  site  at  "Boyd's,"  and 
erected  a  magnificent  residence,  which  was  completed  in  L879. 
The    design    is    very    attractive,  embracing   both  the   French, 


HISTORY   OF  MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  113 

English  and  Swiss  styles  of  architecture,  including  the  English 
basement,  surmounted  by  a  Swiss  cottage  roof  with  dormer 
windows;  the  building  being  heated  by  hot  air,  and  illuminated 
by  electricity.  The  grounds  are  beautifully  laid  out  in  the  style 
of  landscape  gardening,  containing  all  the  varieties  of  fruits', 
including  a  vineyard,  apiary  and  aviary. 


Owing  to  the  destruction  of  Peach  trees  by  insects  on  the 
Peninsula,  the  Peach  like  the  Tobacco  Plant,  must  continu- 
ally seek  new  land,  since  soil  that  has  been  planted  in  Peach 
trees,  cannot  be  successfully  replanted  until  it  lias  been  allowed 
a  rest  of  many  years.  This  will  eventuate  in  the  transfer  from 
the  Eastern  Shore  of  the  Peach  culture,  to  the  uplands  of 
Montgomery,  Frederick  and  Washington  Counties. 

The  following  extract  from  an  article  written  expressly  for 
the  "Baltimore  Sun,"  by  Col.  T.  H.  S.  Boyd,  describing  the  cul- 
ture of  the  Peach  and  the  propagating  the  scions,  by  the  system 
of  hybridizing,  and  a  description  of  the  popular  varieties  now  in 
use,  will  be  of  interest. 

"In  the  culture  of  the  Peach  the  most  approved  method  of 
propagating  the 'scions' or  young  trees  for  the  peach  orchard 
is  to  procure  the  seed  of  the  natural  peach,  as  trees  reared  from 
it  are  better  able  to  withstand  the  rigors  of  a  hard  winter,  and 
and  are  much  less  liable  to  those  diseases  which,  despite  the 
best  efforts  of  the  grower,  are  always  incidental  to  the  system 
of  'hybridizing.'  The  seed  are  bedded  in  the  early  autumn, 
about  six  or  eight  inches  below  the  surface  of  the  ground,  in  a 
position  exposed  to  the  sun,  so  that  by  alternate  freezing  and 
thawing  the  hard  resinous  substance  that  holds  the  walls  of  the 
pit  together,  becomes  softened  and  the  kernel  is  easily  ex- 
tracted.— About  the  fust  of  April,  these  kernels  are  planted  in 
the  nursery,  about  six  inches  apart,  in  rows  four  feci  wide. 

"As  soon  as  the  scions  shoot  about  six  inches  above  the 
ground,  they  are  cultivated  with  hoe  and  harrow,  alter  the  same 
fashion  as  corn.  In  June,  the  largest  and  most  thrifty  scions 
are  budded  for  transplanting  from  the  nursery  to  the  orchard 
in  the  tall.  The  others  are  budded  in  September  for  trans- 
planting in  the  spring.  They  are  usually  budded  on  the  math 
side  of  the  tree,  in  order  r<>  prevent  the  bad  being  killed  by  the 
heat  of  the  sun.  The  bud  is  inserted  into  the  scion  by  crucially 
incising  the  bark  of  the  stock  a  few    inches  above  the  ground, 


114  HISTORY   OF  MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

turning  back  the  corners  of  the  bark,  and  setting  into  the 
aperture  thus  formed  between  the  sap  and  the  bark  a  bud 
selected  from  a  healthy  tree,  of  that  variety  of  peach  which  it 
is  desired  to  propagate. 

"  This  bud  is  secured  in  its  place  by  turning  back  the  bark 
and  binding  the  incised  parts  with  a  tie  of  the  inner  bark  of  the 
basswood  or  a  piece  of  common  candlewick.  In  a  week  or  ten 
days  the  nurseryman  is  able  to  determine  what  buds  have 
become  set  or  ;  taken'  and  are  incorporated  with  the  stock. 
The  binding  is  then  removed  and  the  scion  thoroughly  trimmed 
below  where  the  bud  has  been  set. 

"The  scion  is  again  trimmed  in  the  spring,  both  above  and 
below  the  bud,  and  about  the  first  of  June,  the  top  is  cut  off  at 
an  angle  of  45  degrees  about  an  inch  above  the  bud,  which  has 
now  become  the  largest  branch  of  the  scioo.  During  the  sum- 
mer it  is  kept  cultivated  and  trimmed,  and  is  ready  for  trans- 
planting to  the  orchard,  the  bud  having  united  with  the  scion 
and  the  place  where  the  scion  was  cut  off  no  longer  being 
noticeable. 

"The  orchard  is  now  plowed,  harrowed  and  fertilized,  and 
crossed  out  for  the  young  trees,  which  are  usually  placed  six- 
teen feet  apart  in  the  rows,  running  east  and  west,  and  twenty - 
four  feet  apart  in  the  rows  running  north  and  south. 

"After  the  trees  are  planted  they  are  well  cultivated  by  plow- 
ing and  harrowing,  the  furrows  being  thrown  towards  the  roots 
of  the  trees,  the  operation  being  repeated  every  fortnight  from 
April  to  August.  The  trees  are  carefully  trimmed,  and  kept 
clear  of  broken  twigs  and  branches,  and  as  they  advance 
in  age  are  'headed  in'  as  it  is  termed,  by  lopping  the  large 
branches  when  new  shoots  form. 

"The  trees  bear  in  the  fourth  year.  A  first-rate  orchard,  well 
cultivated,  will  yield  a  profit  of  about  $100  an  acre,  if  the  fruit 
is  handled  judiciously. 

"Out  of  the  hundred  or  so  varieties  cultivated  in  the  United 
States  some  nineteen  or  twenty  are  favored  here.  They  are 
given  below  in  the  order  of  their  ripening  for  market: 

"1.  Tbe  Beatrice,  an  ordinary  and  poorly  flavored  peach,  only 
valued  for  its  early  maturity,  starts  the  market  about  the  mid- 
dle of  July. 

"2.  Hale's  Early,  a  once  quite  popular  peach,  ripens  about 
July  25th. 


HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  115 

"3.  Hollis'  Early,  a  small  peach,  ripening  about  August  1st, 
and  valued  for  its  capacity  for  transportation. 

"4.  Walters'  Early,  or  Mountain  Rose,  earliest  of  all  varieties 
of  red  peach,  beautiful  in  color  and  delicious  in  flavor,  matures 
about  August  5th. 

"5.  Early  York,  superseded  almost  entirely  by  former,  ripens 
about  August  7th. 

"6.  Crawford's  Early,  color  a  rich  yellow  with  deep  blush, 
regarded  by  many  as  the  finest  of  all  peaches,  matures  about 
August  10th. 

"  7.  Mary's  Choice,  August  15th. 

"8,  9,  10  and  11.  The  Druid  Hill,  Harkins'  Seedling,  Old 
Mixou  Free,  and  Stump  the  World,  all  ripen  about  the  same 
time,  August  17th  or  18th.  The  Mixon  was  once  regarded  as 
the  finest  of  all  freestone  peaches,  and  a  standard  of  peach 
values. 

"  12.  Crawford's  Late,  a  rich  yellow,  the  best  of  all  canning 
peaches,  except  the  late  Heath  Cling;  matures  about  August 
20th. 

"13.  Jaques,  is  a  yellow,  very  large  and  delicious  peach, 
ripening  about  the  same  time,  as  do  also, 

"Hand  15.  The  Monmouth  Melacaton  and   Susquehanna  or 
Griffith,  both  large,  rich,  yellow  fruit. 
"10.  The  Magnum  Bonum  follows. 

"17.  The  Late  Heath  Cling-stone,  the  most  deliriously  flavored 
of  all  the  varieties,  matures  about  September  12th.     They  are 
very  abundant,  and  are  all  consumed  for  canning  and  preserving. 
"IS.  Bear's  Smock,  is  about  the  latest  peach  as  yet  success- 
fully cultivated  in  this  region;  but  there  is, 
"19.  Solway's  Late,  which  promises  to  do  well. 
"When  this    last  variety  is  harvested    the  peach  season  is 
ended,  but  the  fruit  growers  are  endeavoring  to  obtain  other 
varieties  to  extend  the  season  still  further.     There  are  several 
new  varieties  which  give  promise  of  success  in  this  direction, 
notably  Fisher's    Favorite,  Cameron's   Late  Yellow,  and    Levy's 
Yellow  Cling,  all  remarkably  line  fruit,  and,  should  they  thrive, 
the  peach  season  will  no  doubt  be  protracted  till  the  middle  or 
last. of  October,  about  a  month  longer  than  heretofore.     So  if 
the  Andrews'   and    Alexander   Early   are  also  successful,   the 
season  will  be  very  notably  extended.*' 


CHAPTER  XVII. 

The  Washington  Grove  Camp  Ground. 

Incorporators.     Objects.    Location.    Present  and  Past   Officers. 
Cottages.     Tents.     Oumers. 

The  Washington  Grove  Camp  Meeting  Association 
of  the  District  of  Columbia  and  Maryland,  was  chartered  March 
30th,  1874,  by  the  State  Legislature,  with  F.  Howard,  Win.  R. 
Woodward,  J.  T.  Mitchell,  B.  H.  Stinemetz,  Th.  Somerville,  J. 
W.  Wade,  M.  G.  Emery,  Alex.  Asbley,  R.  H.  Willett,  W.  M. 
Talbot,  J.  G.  Warfield,  E.  F.  Simpson,  J.  A.  Ruff,  Th.  H. 
Langley,  W.  R.  Hunt,  Th.  P.  Morgan,  Hy.  T.  Whalen,  G.  Th. 
Woodward,  J.  R.  Riggles,  W.  H.  Griffith,  John  Lanahan,  G. 
G.  Baker,  B.  Peyton  Brown,  T.  H.  Davis  and  J.  Hy.  Wilson,  as 
incorporators. 

It  is  a  stock  association,  with  the  capital  stock  fixed  at 
$20,000,  divided  into  1000  shares  at  $20  per  share.  One  share 
entitles  the  owner  to  the  privilege  of  a  tent  site,  and  five  shares 
to  a  cottage  site. 

The  land  is  held  by  a  Board  of  Trustees,  and  its  business  is 
managed  by  an  Executive  Committee,  who  are  elected  annually. 

Its  general  purposes  are  for  holding  Camp  Meetings  and 
building  np  summer  homes  for  a  select  community. 

Two  surveys  have  been  made,  one  for  the  tenting  and  the 
other  for  the  cottage  department;  in  the  latter,  the  lots  are 
50  x  150  feet. 

The  tract  consists  of  268  acres,  well  wooded  in  white  oak  and 
chestnut  timber,  supplied  with  an  abundance  of  the  finest  water 
in  springs  and  wells,  and  some  of  it  possessed  of  decided  medici- 
nal properties.  It  is  considered  as  healthy  a  location  as  any  in 
the  State. 

It  is  located  on  what  is  known  as  Parr's  Ridge,  a  high  point, 
over  GOO  feet  above  tide  level,  and  on  the  line  of  the  Metro- 


HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY.  117 

politan  Railroad,  20i  miles  from  Washington,  and  in  a  north-east 
direction  from  Gaithersburg.  The  railroad  passes  through  the 
edge  of  the  tract,  and  a  broad  and  shaded  avenue  leads  direct 
from  the  railroad  station  to  the  camping  grounds. 

The  first  camp  was  held  August  13th,  1873,  and  six  camps 
have  been  held  since  to  August,  1879.  All  the  meetings  were 
largely  attended  and  satisfactory  in  results,  more  than  four  hun- 
dred and  sixty-four  persons  having  been  converted  at  the 
different  meetings. 

The  officers  have  been — 

Dr.  Flodoardo  Howard President. 

W.  R.  Woodward Vice-President, 

F.  P.  Simpson Secretary. 

o .  A.  Ruff Treasurer. 

The  present  officers  are — 

Thos.  P.  Morgan President, 

W.  E.  Woodward Vice-President. 

E.  F.  Simpson Secretary. 

B.  H.  Stinemetz Treasurer. 

Rev.  B.  Peyton  Brown,  the  present  Presiding  Elder  of  the 
Washington  District,  has  been  and  is  one  of  the  leading 
spirits  in  this  enterprise. 

The  Camping  Grounds  are  laid  out  in  an  irregular  seven 
sided  "Circle,"  a  plaza,  from  which  as  many  avenues  radiate, 
and  all  of  these  look  direct  into  the  plaza — which  is  216  feet 
wide  from  North  to  South,  and  179  feet  from  West  to  East, 
In  the  centre  is  a  Tabernacle  48x70  feet,  and  the  Camp  is  pro- 
vided with  a  dining  court  and  other  necessary  structures. 

Attention  having  been  attracted  to  the  Cottage  Tent,  as  a 
desirable  form  for  camp  purposes,  a  number  have  been  built, 
mostly  on  the  plaza — and  are  named  in  the  order  of  their  loca- 
tion .  Rev.  W.  Burris,  Thos.  P.  Morgan,  E.  F.  Simpson,  Alfred 
Wood,  J.  W.  St.  Clair,  Henry  C.  Craig,  Jr.,  L.  W.  Worthing- 
ton,  J.  W.  Wade,  Thos.  Somerville,  Geo.  E.  Hall,  John  Ireland, 
(of  Annapolis,)  H.  W.  Frankland,  W.  li.  Woodward,  R.  Cohen, 
Jr.  and  It.  H.  Willett;  on  Second  Avenue,  Mrs.  Kilgore,  of  the 


118  HISTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 

County;  on  Sixth  Avenue,  a  Preachers'  Lodge,  and  on  Second 
Avenue  extended  a  Keeper's  house. 

Messrs.  Willett  Ov  Morgan  Mere  the  pioneers  in  cottage  build- 
ing. 

On  First  Avenue,  Mr.  Wash.  B.  Williams  lias  a  commodious 
furniture  store  and  lodging  house. 

Other  improvements  are  contemplated  that  will  make  Wash- 
ington Grove  a,  most  desirable  and  attractive  spot. 

The  organization  is  under  the  control  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  but  persons  of  all  denominations  unite  with 
them,   and   are  heartily  welcome. 


DIRECTORY 


TOWNS,  VILLAGES  AND  RESIDENTS 


OF 


MONTGOMERY   COUNTY,    Ml). 


B  A  K  M  KSV  ILLE, 

One  mile  from  the  Station  by  that  name  on  the  Metropolitan  Branch, 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad,  73  miles  from  Baltimore,  and  33  miles 
from  Washington.  Soil — poor,  but  susceptible  of  great  improvement, 
Products,  per  acre— 15  bushels  Wheat,  20  bushels  Corn,  1500  [bs.  To- 
bacco, one  ton  Hay.  Four  Churches — Methodist,  Roman  Catholic,  Bap- 
tist, and  Protestant  Episcopal.    Population,  175. 


Postmaster. 

Pyles,  H.  T. 
Blacksmiths  and   Wheelwrights. 

Miles,  C.  W. 

Miles,  N,  E. 
Carpenters  and  Undertakers. 

Hilton,  W.  T. 

Orme,  A.  s. 
Mem', 

Darby,  8.,  &  Sons. 
Harris.  B.  G. 
Hays,  R.  P. 
Pyles,  II.  T. 
Hotels. 

Carr.  W.  H. 
Talbot,  N.  J. 

Mi/It  i:\. 

Darliv,  John  W. 

Darby,  R.  R. 
Physic 

Bowlen,  G.  W. 

Wood.  d.  Vinton. 
Shoemaker. 

Nichols,  Charl< 


Farmers. 


Bowman,  Frederick 
Cooley,  J.F. 
Coolev,  Z.  G. 
Darby,  J.  W. 
Harris,  A.  S. 
Harris,  S.  F. 
Hays.  F.  P. 
L.  J. 
Hays,  s.  8. 

bey,  C.  R. 
Hodges,  William 
I    i\\  man.  Charles 
Lawman,  James 
Linthicum,  F. 
Lynch,  John  H. 
Pearre,  .lame/. 
Poole,  A. 

I,  \\  .   N. 
Sellman,  L.  L. 
Sellman,  J.  P. 
Sellman,  Win.  0, 
Wade,  W.  W. 
Ward,  Thomas  II. 
White,  R.  G. 
White,  W.  B. 


120 


DIRECTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 


BEALLSVILLE, 

Three  miles  from  Barnesville,,on  the  Metropolitan  Railroad,  and  three 
miles  from  Poolesville.  Land  under  clean  cultivation.  Soil  sandy,  and 
producing  good  crops  of  Wheat,  Com,  and  Hay.  Churches  and  Schools. 
Store,  Post  Office,  Wheelwright  and  Blacksmith  Shop.     Population,  50. 


Farmers. 

Beall,  L. 

Brewer,  W.  G. 
Bolinger,  W. 

Griffith,  H. 
Griffith,  Frank 


Griffith,  P. 
Hemstone,  A.  T. 
Trail,  Richard 
Veirs,  J.  M. 
Webster,  George 
Whiting, 


BETHESDA, 

On  the  Frederick  and  Georgetown  Pike,  five  miles  from  Georgetown, 
D.  C,  and  three  miles  from  Knowles'  Station  on  the  Metropolitan  Rail- 
road. Soil  fertile,  selling  from  thirty  dollars  to  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
five  dollars  per  acre.  Products— Wheat,  25  to  50  bushels,  Corn,  45 
bushels,  Hay,  two  and  one-half  tons  per  acre.  Presbyterian  Church  and 
Public  School.     Population,  25. 


Postmaster. 

Lester,  R.  C. 
Attorney  at  Law. 

Bradley,  Joseph 

Kirby.  Win. 

Loehte,  "\\  m. 
Carpenter, 

Beckwith,  Benedict 
ge  Maker. 

Austin,  James 
Merchandise. 

Lester,  R.  C. 

Irian. 

Davidson,  James  H. 
era. 

Anderson,  J.  Hopkins 

Bean,  A.  11.  and  B.  F. 

Bean,  E.  H.  and  Jas.  M. 

Bohrer,  .1.  T.  and  John  G. 

Bradley,  Joseph 

Carroll.  II.  G. 

( 'ounselman,  Wm. 

Davidson,  James  H. 

Davidson,  John 

Dodge,  J.  H. 


Dunlap,  George 
Gingel,  James  M. 
Gingel,  Joseph 
Gleghorn,  John 
Hudleston,  Geo.  and  Wm. 
Jones,  L.  C. 
Keizer,  Cyrus 
Keizer,  Eli 
Kisner,  C. 
Kisner,  Henry 
Lawrence,  David 
Lester,  R.  C. 
Offutt,  H.  L. 
Owens,  Z. 
Powell,  James 
Pyles,  Henry 
Renshaw,  llenry 
Renshaw,  Thomas 
Renshaw,  William 
Spates,  Frank 
Spates,  George 
Spates,  Robert 
Tolbert,  Theoj)hilus 
Wall  is,  Edwin 
Watkins,  E.  P. 
Watkins,  S})encer 
Williams,  John  C. 
Williams,  Lewis 
Willson,  John  N. 
Willson,  Michael 


DIRECTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 


121 


BOYD'S, 

On  the  Metropolitan  Branch,  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad,  seventy 
miles  from  Baltimore,  and  thirty  miles  from  Washington,  is  one  of  the 
handsomest  points  on  the  Metropolitan  Railroad,  and  is  being  rapidly 
improved.  This  is  in  a  great  measure  due  to  Captain  James  A.  Boyd 
and  Messrs.  Williams  and  Lewis.  Captain  Boyd  has  expended  over  one 
hundred  thousand  dollars  in  improvements  in  the  past  few  years.  Loca- 
tion very  healthy,  being  rive  hundred  feet  above  the  level,  of  the  sea. 
Business,  crops,  and  land  good,  with  a  clay  soil,  ranging  in  price  from 
ten  dollars  to  one  hundred  dollars  per  acre.  Produces  15  to  35  bushels 
Wheat,  45  bushels  Oats,  100  bushels  Potatoes,  60  bushels  Corn,  and  1000 
pounds  of  Tobacco  to  the  acre.  Liberal  inducements  and  well  improved 
lands ;  excellent  water-power,  suitable  for  extensive  manufacturing  pur- 
poses. Presbyterian  Church,  Rev.  James  S.  Henderson,  Pastor.  White 
and  Colored  Public  Schools.     Population,  100. 


Postmaster. 

Williams,  James  E. 
Blacksmith. 

Howard,  James 
Merchants. 

Williams  &  Lewis. 
Millers. 

Darby,  John  W.  &  Son. 

Davis,  R.  P. 

Waters,  Dr.  W. 
Dairies. 

Boyd,  James  A. 

Burdette,  Basil 

Burdette,  R.  H. 
Farmers. 

Beall,  J.  H. 

Boyd,  James  A. 

Brewer,  D.  N. 


Burdette,  Basil 
Burdette.  R.  H. 
Burdette,  Wm.  M. 
Carlin,  John 
Carlin,  John  T. 
Dade,  Alex. 
Dade,  Robert 
Gott,  Benj.  C. 
Grant,  Robert  N. 
Knott,  Frances 
Knott,  John  W. 
McAtee,  James  W. 
McAtee,  John  S. 
—Thompson,  Baker 
White,  Joseph  C. 
White,  R.  T. 
Williams  &  Lewis. 
Pomologist. 

Meigs,  F.  P. 


BRIGHTON, 

Four  miles  East  of  Brookeville,  near  the  Patuxent  River,  contains 
several  Stores  and  Post  Office,  and  is  noted  for  the  superior  quality  of 
Sweet  Corn  and  Fruits.  Land  under  fine  tillage  and  very  productive; 
rated  at  twenty  to  sixty  dollars  per  acre.     Population.  L50. 


Merchants. 

Pierce,  E.  &  Co. 
Fruit  Packer. 

Stabler,  Henry 


Inm/rance  Agent. 

Hartshorne,  Isaac 


9 


122 


DIRECTORY   OF  MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 


BROOKEVILLE 

Is  forty-two  miles  from  Baltimore,  eighteen  miles  from  Washington,  and 
ten  miles  from  Rockville;  pleasantly  located  in  one  of  the  richest  sec- 
tions of  the  County,  and  is  quite  a  fashionable  resort  in  the  summer  for 
health  and  pleasure  seekers, — the  restorative  qualities  of  a  strong  Chaly- 
beate Spring  in  the  vicinity  attracting  many  persons  anxious  to  try  its 
efficacy.  The  lands  are  highly  improved  and  under  thorough  cultiva- 
tion. Soil,  red  clay ;  selling  from  fifteen  to  one  hundred  dollars  per  acre. 
The  productions  are  large  and  increasing;  business  good.  Churches — 
Methodist  Protestant,  Methodist  Episcopal,  and  the  Protestant  Episco- 
pal Chapel.  One  Academy,  Prof.  Samuel  H.  Coleman,  Principal.  One 
Public  School.     Population,  250. 


Postmaster. 

Gattrell,  R.  W. 
Blacksmiths. 

Conner,  James 

Jones,  Wm.  H. 

Kirby,  Thomas 
Carpenter. 

Appleby,  A.  O. 
( 'crriaijes  and  Wagons. 

Baker,  John  M. 

Boswell,  R.  K. 

Miller,  Wm.  B. 

Merchants. 

Gattrell,  R.  W. 

Mobley,  Wm.  B. 

Parsley,  John  H. 
Harness. 

Bell,  John  W. 
Millers. 

Down,  Wm.  H. 

Weir  &  Bro. 
Physicians. 

Martin,  .lames  S. 

Riggs,  Artemus 
Shoemakers. 

Parsley,  George  W. 

Whiteside,  John 

Parsley,  Margaret 


Watchmaker. 

Howard,  Henry  N. 
Farmers. 

Clark,  John  O. 

Davis,  Hon.  A.  Bowie 

Ellicott,  Samuel 

Gaither,  Daniel  H. 

Gaither,  Ephraim 

Gaither,  John  W. 

Gaither,  Thos.  D. 

Gardiner,  John  W. 

Gattrell,  Aaron 

Griffith,  John 

Hall,  E.  J. 

Hallowed,  James  S. 

Higgins,  0.  A.  C. 

Holland,  James  T. 

Holland,  Thos.  J. 

Howard,  Mrs.  Annie  N. 

Howard,  Brice  W. 

Hutton,  Joseph  W. 

Hutton,  Rev.  Orlando 

Jones,  G. 

Magruder,  Bowie 

Owen,  Hon.  E.  W. 

Riggs.  Thos.  D. 

Riggs,  Wm.  C. 

Stabler,  James 

Strain,  Capt.  J.  W. 

Veitch,  Fletcher  R. 

Waters,  Thos.  D. 

Waters.  Z.  D. 


DIRECTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY    COUNTY. 


123 


B1IRTOXSVILLE. 

Five  and  one  half  miles  from  Laurel.  Soil,  arable,  and  principally 
cleared  ;  land  sells  from  fifteen  to  sixty  dollars  per  acre.  20  to  30  bushels 
Wheat,  25  to  50  Corn,  and  Hay,  two  tons  per  acre.  Liberty  Grove  Church, 
Pastor,  Rev.  J.  Cook.     Population,  50. 


Poxtmaster. 

Burton,  R.  A. 
Blacksmiths  and  Wheelwrights. 

Beall,  Joseph 
Burton.  R.  A. 
Robey,  Berry 

Carpenters. 

Beall,  Joseph 
Homer,  M.  J. 
Mineburg,  John 
Vincent,  Plummer 

Merchant. 

Small,  Bruce 
Miller. 

Bone,  Allen 
Physician. 

Waters.  Charles 
Farmers. 

Beall,  John 

Beall,  Josiah 

Beall,  Nathan   F. 

Beall,  Thos. 

Bone,  Allen 


Burton,  George  D. 
Burton,  George  II. 
Burton,  Isaac 
Carr,  A.  B. 

Carr.  15.  D. 
Carr.  Caleb 
Crosedale,  Howard 
Crosedale,  John 
Crusen.  Henry  S. 
Harding,  Samuel  H. 
Hopkins.  James  H.' 
Iglehart,  James  L. 
Iglehart.  Nathan 
.Marshall.  James 
Miller,  John 
Rich,  Charles 
Rich,  William 
Soper,  James  P. 
Soper,  Joseph 
Thomas,  Samuel 
Ward,  Orem 
Waters,  Charles 
\\  aters,  J. 
Waters,  T.,  Sr. 
Waters,  T.,  of  S. 
Waters,  T.  J. 


C   4  B  I TX     J  O  II  N 

I    at  the  crossing  of  the  Aqueduct  over  Cabin  John  Creek.    This  crosses 
OH  a  single  arch,  the  longest  span  in  the  world.     A  fashion  i ;  for 

»m  Washington;  the  fishing  for   Bass  in  the  Potomac 
being  excellent.     Hotel.  Store  and  Post  Offii 


CEDAR    GROVE. 

Five  miles  from  Gcrmantown.  Land  variable.  Soil— clay,  flint  and 
rock  :  worth  from  ten  to  thirty  dollars  per  acre.  Wheat,  86  to  80  bushels  ; 
(dm,  80  to  in;  Tobacco,  1600  pounds,  and  Hay,  one  ton  per  acre.  Two 
Chorckes— Methodist  Episcopal  and  Baptist.  White  and  Colored 
Schools  in  vicinity.     Population.  186. 


124 


DIRECTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY, 


Postmaster. 

Watkins,  O.  T. 
Blacksmiths. 

Majors,  John  T. 

Miles,  George 
Carpenter. 

Waters,  F.  M. 
Merchandise. 

Watkins,  O.  T. 
Farmers. 

Appleby.  Curtis 

Barber,  G.  E. 

Barber,  H. 

Beall,  G.  N. 

Bowman,  Asbury 

Burns,  Sylvester 

Miles,  Herbert 


Page,  Horace 
Page,  Washington 
Page,  Z.  W. 
Poole,  W.  H. 
Pugh,  Samuel 
Purdum,  J.  R. 
Riggs,  James 
Riggs,  W.  E. 
Sibley,  Joseph 
Thompson,  Wm. 
Watkins,  B.  F. 
Watkins,  E.  K. 
Watkins,  James  W. 
Watkins,  L.  L. 
Watkins,  Noah 
Williams,  J.  F. 
Williams,  Somerset 
AVilliams,  Wm. 
Young,  Richard 


CLARKSBURG. 

This  picturesque  village  is  located  on  the  Washington  and  Frederick 
Turnpike,  fifteen  miles  from  Frederick,  thirty  miles  from  Washington, 
and  four  and  one-half  miles  from  Boyd's  Station.  The  land  in  and 
around  Clarksburg  was  originally  granted  to  Henry  Griffith  in  1761,  and 
known  as  the  "  Cow  Pasture."  The  first  house  built  in  the  village  was 
by  John  G.  Clark,  whose  daughter  married  William  Wilson,  the  father  of 
Leonidas  Wilson,  the  present  owner,  who,  for  a  long  time,  successfully 
conducted  the  business  of  merchandising.  It  is  now  occupied  by  Lewis 
&  Williams.  In  the  garden  of  Mr.  Scholl,  at  the  east  end  of  the  village, 
was  first  discovered  the  celebrated  Catawba  Grape,  which  has  since 
gained  such  a  world  renowned  reputation.  It  is  now  owned  by  the  Hon. 
George  W.  Hilton,  and  is  annually  visited  by  numbers  of  Pomologists 
and  curiosity  seekers.  Great  improvement  has  been  made  in  the  land 
during  the  past  few  years  by  the  aid  of  lime  and  fertilizers,  and  can  be 
purchased  from  ten  to  sixty  dollars  per  acre.  Produces  20  to  30  bushels 
of  Wheat,  30  to  50  of  Corn,  35  of  Oats,  100  of  Potatoes,  1200  to  1500 
pounds  of  Tobacco,  and  two  tons  of  Hay  per  acre.  Two  Churches,  both 
Methodist  Episcopal.  White  and  Colored  Public  Schools.  Odd  Fel- 
lows' Hall.     Literary  Association.     King's  Distillery.     Population,  250. 


Postmaster. 

Buxton,  Wm.  H. 
Blacksmiths  and  Wteelwrights. 

Anderson,  C.  T. 

Dronenberg,  Wm.  W. 

Leaman,  R.  A. 

Shaw,  L.  D. 
Justice  of  the  Peace. 

Belt,  John  S. 


Oarpcriters. 

Leaman,  John  S. 

Woodward,  CO. 
Hotel. 

Baker,  John 
Merchants. 

Gibson,  John  H. 

Lewis  &  Williams. 


DIRECTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   CO  I 


125 


(■0^ 


Physicians. 

Galloway,  T.  K. 

Thompson,  R.  H. 

Waters,  Wm.  A. 
Tax  Collector. 

Neal,  James  B. 
Shoemaker. 

Hurley,  John  W. 
Publishers. 

Boyd,  T.  H.  8.  &  Co. 
Mills. 

King,  Luther  G. 
Distillery. 

King,  L.  G. 
Tobacco  Inspector. 

Hilton,  Robert  S. 
Tailor. 

Housen,  Lewis 
Farmers. 

Beall,  Caleb 

Belt,  John  S. 

Boyd,  Elizabeth 

Burns,  J.  W. 

Darby,  Edward  N. 

Darby,  Nathan 

Day,  James  W. 


Dronenberg,  Wm.  J. 
Hilton,  Hon.  George  W. 
Hoyle,  Jos.  H.  C. 
Johnson,  James  T. 
Israel,  George  W. 
Kemp,  James  S. 
King,  Charles  M. 
King,  Edward  J. 
King,  Rufus 
Layton,  O.  8. 
Lewis,  Edward 
Lewis,  John  A. 
Linthicum,  Gassaway  W. 
Miles,  James  H. 
Murpbey,  C.  R. 
Neal,  James  B. 
Purdum,  Charles  T. 
Purdum,  James  H. 
Rose,  A. 
Rose,  S.  L. 
.'Summers,  C. 
Summers,  Z. 
Thompson,  Samuel  C. 
Waters,  A.  J. 
Waters,  Edward  H. 
Waters,  Dr.  Wm.  A. 
Watkins,  William,  of  A. 
Williams,  Wm. 
Williams,  Wm.  L. 
Windsor,  Wm.  R. 


COLESTILLE, 

On  the  Ashton  and  Colesville  Turnpike,  eight  miles  from  Silver  Springs, 
and  sixteen  miles  from  Washington.  Land  under  fair  cultivation,  and 
yielding  good  crops  of  Wheat,  Corn,  Oats,  Potatoes,  and  Hay.  Land 
worth  from  twenty-five  to  seventy-five  dollars  per  acre.  Churches, 
Schools,  Mills,  Stores,  and  Post  Office. 


Magistral- . 

Baker,  John  T. 
Afi/r  r. 

Zeigler,  James  H. 
Butcher. 

Hopkins,  Samuel  J. 
Farmers. 

Baker,  John  T. 


Bonifant,  George 
Bradley,  W.  P. 
Canby,  Wm.  M. 
Fawcett,  E.  H. 
Fawcett,  Benjamin 
Hopkins,  Samuel  J. 
Pilling,  Frank  A. 
Valdenar,  William 
Walters,  E.  L. 


126 


DIRECTORY    OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 


DAMASCUS, 

Seven  miles  from  Mount  Airy,  on  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad. 
General  products — Wheat,  Corn,  Tobacco,  and  Hay.  Land  undulating, 
selling  from  eight  to  twenty-five  dollars  per  acre.  Montgomery  Chapel, 
(Methodist  Protestant,)  and  Howard  Chapel,  (Methodist  Episcopal.) 
Schools  near.     Population,  100. 


Postmaster. 

Smith,  P.  M.,  Jr. 
Blacksmith. 

Smith,  James  W. 
Carpenters  and  Undertakers. 

Edwards,  Henry  C. 

Mount,  John  R. 
Carriages  and  Wagons. 

Jacobs,  Jonathan 

Ward,  N.  H. 
Merchants. 

Clagett,  J.  H. 

Engle,  R. 

Etchison,  Marcellus 

Hurley,  R.  A. 

Smith,  P.  M.,  Jr. 

Young  &  King. 
Harness. 

Burns,  R.  R. 
Physician. 

Lansdale,  B.  F. 


Shoemaker. 

Holland,  S.  B. 
Farmers. 

Bowman,  Rezin  H. 

Burdette,  James  W. 

Burdette,  N.  J. 

Burns,  Jesse  L. 

Day,  Rev.  Jackson 

"Duvall,  M. 

Duvall,  R. 

Glaze,  Bazil  T. 

Gue,  L.  C. 

Hilton,  Thomas  I. 

Hilton,  Walter 

King,  C.  M. 

Mullinix,  George  W. 

Purdum,  C.  F. 

Scheckles,  J.  T. 
V   Wariield,  John 

Warfield,  John  E. 

Warthen,  N.  B. 

Watkins,  Grafton 

Watkins,  P.  G. 


DARN£STOWN, 

Five  miles  from  Germantown  Station,  Metropolitan  Railroad.  Land 
productive,  and  plenty  for  sale  at  from  fifteen  to  eighty  dollars  per  acre. 
Produces  abundant  crops  of  Wheat,  Corn,  Oats,  Potatoes,  Tobacco,  and 
Hay.  Presbyterian  Church,  Academy,  and  Public  School.  Popula- 
tion, 200. 


Postmaster. 

Windsor.  ,1.  S. 

Merchants. 

Griffith.  Julian 
Windsor,  Jam 

Millers. 

Darby,  Upton 
Offutt,  U.  D. 


Farmers. 

Beall,  Randolph 

Benton,  James  N. 
Broon,  Duthorn 
Cross,  J. 

Dawson,  Nicholas 
Higdon,  .John 
Higgins,  Samuel 
Jones,  Nathan 


DIRECTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 


127 


Lewis,  Thomas 
Magruder,  Thomas 
Purdurn,  James  \Y. 
Rice,  William 


Small,  John 
Thompson,  Martin 
Vincent,  Barley 
Vincent,  Charles 


DAWSONVILLE, 

Four  and  a  half  miles  from  Boyd's  Station.  Sandy  soil,  and  land  prin- 
cipally cleared  and  valued  at  from  thirty  to  eighty  dollars  per  acre. 
Produces  large  crops  of  Wheat.  Corn,  Oats,  Potatoes,  and  Tobacco.  A 
Baptist  Church  and  Public  School.     Population,  75. 


Postmaster. 

Allnutt,  H.  C. 
Blacksmith. 

Stang,  F.  0. 
Merchandise. 

Allnutt,  H.  C. 
Physician. 

*  White,  N.  S. 
Shoemaker.  t 

Crown,  Wm. 
Farmers. 

Allnutt,  Benjamin. 

Allnutt,  Berroni   /'-' 

Allnutt,  James  N. 


Allnutt,  Nathan  W. 
,  Byrd,  -John 
Darby,  Thomas 
Dawson,  Americus 
Dawson,  Fred.  A. 
Dawson,  James  M. 
Dawson,  Randolph 
Dyson,  Benjamin 
Dyson,  Joseph 
Dyson,  Samuel 
Jones,  Thomas 
Pyles,  B.  Frank 
Pyles,  Edward 
Rawlings,  Joshua 
Rawlings,  Thomas 
Vincent,  Napoleon 


Thirty-six  miles  on  the  Metropolitan  Branch,  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Rail- 
road. Land  well  cleared  and  clay  soil;  valued  at  from  thirty  to  fifty 
dollars  per  acre.  Under  good  cultivation,  and  yielding  35  bushels  of 
Wheat,  40  of  Corn,  1000  pounds  of  Tobacco,  and  two  tons  of  Hay  to  the 
acre.     Churches  and  Schools  in  the  immediate  vicinity.    Population,  100. 


Postmaster. 

Dickerson,  W.  H. 
Dairies. 

Bowie,  Rufus  A. 

Holland,  J.  W. 
Merchant*. 

Dickerson,  W.  H. 

Leapley,  J.  N. 
Physic  ii 1 7/. 

Hilton,  L.  J.  W. 


Milh 

Etozzell,  James 
Webster,  George 
Willing,  Ambrose. 

Farirnrx. 

Andrews,  Jefferson 
Appleby,  N.  H. 
Belt,  McGill 
Belt,  Richard 
Brail,  Wm. 
Brail,  Rufus 


128 


DIRECTORY   OF  MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 


Carslisle,  James 
Carson.  David 
Cheswell,  E. 
Dickerson,  N.  C. 
Diggins,  Daniel 
Gott,  J.  S. 
Harris,  Abraham 
Harris,  Solomon  T. 
Hays,  G.  R. 
Heffener,  John 
Hempstone,  A.  T. 
Hempstone,  S.  H. 
Jones,  J.  A. 
Jones,  J.  L.  T. 
Jones,  J.  T. 
Jones,  Leo 
Luhn,  Chris. 
Moxley,  Thomas 
Moxley,  Wm. 


Oden,  George  W. 
Price,  John  T. 
Price,  Wm. 
Ramhouse,  Sydney 
Riely,  Otho 
Scholl,  Henry 
Bellman,  F.  O. 
Sellman,  Howard 
Silence,  John 
Titus,  Bun- 
Trundle,  Horatio 
Trundle,  James  O. 
White,  Frank 
White,  R.  G. 
White,  L.  A. 
Whitehouse,  M.  O. 
Yarkund,  Hildi 
Zerknitz,  Hans 


EDWARDS'     FERRY, 

On  the  Potomac  River,  between  Sycamore  Landing  and  Ball's  Bluffs, 
contains  Store,  Warehouse  and  Post  Office. 


Postmaster. 

Spates,  George  W. 

Farmers. 

Collier,  Thomas  R. 


Elgin,  James 
Jarboe,  E.  E. 
Poole,  N.  D. 
Spates,  George  W. 
White,  E.  V. 


FAIRLAND, 

Three  miles  East  of  Colesville,  on  the  Columbia  Road.     St.  Mark's  Me- 
morial Episcopal  Church,  School  House  and  Store.     Population,  50. 


Postmaster. 

Soaper,  Burton  T. 
Farmers. 

Barrett,  Benjamin 

Beck  with,  B. 

Beckwith,  E. 

Brian,  John  M. 

Culver,  J.  H. 


Conley,  Thomas  T. 
Mankin,  J.  D. 
Marlow,  Benj.  H. 
Marlow,  Julius 
Mitchell,  Daniel 
Pilling,  Alice 
Roby,  Edgar 
Soaper,  Joseph 


DIRECTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY, 


129 


FOUR     CORNERS, 

Two  miles  from  Silver  Springs.  Land  productive  and  worth  from  twenty 
to  fifty  dollars  per  acre.  Wheat,  Corn,  and  Hay  are  the  staple  produc- 
tions. Methodist  Episcopal  Church  (South),  and  Public  School  Popu- 
lation, 125.  ■ 


Postmaster. 

Grimes,  Robert 
Blacksmith. 

Taylor,  B. 
Carpenters. 

Berry,  John 

Chrismond,  Robert 
aolds,  Gassaway 
Merchandise. 

Manakee,  Wm.  E. 
Millers. 

Bond,  James  H. 

Bond,  James  L. 
Shoemakers. 

Grimes,  Robert 

Lancaster,  John  W. 
Farmers. 

Adams,  C. 

Barnes,  Henry  A. 

Barnes,  William 

Bayley,  Stephen 

Beall,  George  N. 

Boarmau,  Robert 

Bowie,  Henry 

Cadle,  William 

Chrismond,  Robert 


Clark,  Bailey 
Clark,  E. 
Clark,  Henry 
Clark,  James 
k,  Levin 
Clark,  Oliver 
Ch  rk,  0.  H.  P. 
Clark,  William 
Fee,  William 
Fee,  William,  Jr. 
Gittings,  "William,  Sr. 
Grimes,  William  M. 
Hardesty,  Thomas  G. 
Hopkins,  Joseph 
Jackson,  Jasper  M. 
Joy,  Columbus 
Lindsay.  Opie  H. 
Mackmahon,  Michael 
Moran,  Andrew 
Ogdon,  Leonard 
i  >gdon,  Win.  J. 
Olin,  Hon.  A.  B. 
Owings,  James 
Parker,  James 
Patten,  L.  P. 
Reed,  William 
Shaw,  Charles  H. 
Vermillion,  John  H. 


GAITHKRSBVRG, 

Twenty-one  miles  from  Washington,  on  the  Metropolitan  Branch,  Balti- 
more and  Ohio  Railroad.  This  place  was  incorporated  by  the  last  Leg- 
islature and  is  rapidly  improving.  The  land  principally  is  in  a  fine  state 
of  cultivation,  and  is  valued  in  price  from  fifteen  to  one  hundred  dollars 
per  acre,  and  produces  40  to  50  bushels  of  Wheat,  60  of  Corn,  two  tons 
of  Hay.  and  1 500  pounds  of  Tobacco  to  the  acre.  Two  Churches—  Meth- 
odist Episcopal,  South,  and  Roman  Catholic.  Town  Hall  and  Public 
School.     Population,  20"\ 


Postntu 

Ward,  U.r. 


Agent  Railroad. 
Poole,  S. 


J  30 


DIRECTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 


Blacksmiths. 

Duvall,  C.  P. 

Easton,  Giles 

Gloyd,  Samuel 
Car] tenters. 

Beckwith,  Greenbury 

Beckwith,  Waters 
Men-hants. 

Belt,  John  H. 

Owen,  T.  J. 

Ward  &  Fulks. 
Millers. 

Lemon,  George 

Trail,  Burton 

Watkins,  Levi 
Physician. 

Etchison,  E.  E. 
Shoemaker. 

Cooms,  William 
Farmers. 

Briggs,  Gideon 

Briggs,  James  M.  N. 

Briggs,  John 

Briggs,  Robert 

Briggs,  Samuel 

Briggs,  Thomas 

Calvin,  Timothy 

Chandle,  J.  W. 

Clagette,  James  H. 

Clagette,  John  H. 

Clements,  Lemuel 

Clopper,  D. 

Codwise,  B.  R. 


Cook,  Nathan 
Cook,  Wm.  H. 
Cooke,  Mrs.  E. 
Cooke,  Wm.  J. 
Crown,  H.  L. 
Day,  Jacob 
Day,  Washington 
Dessellum,  John  T. 
Diamond,  J.  B. 
Diamond,  Mrs.  S.  J. 
Dorsey,  R.  G. 
Fulks,  Wm.  R. 
Gaither,  James  B. 
Gaither,  W.  R. 
Hutton,  W.  R. 
Jones,  L.  C. 
Meesne,  C.  G. 
Meesi-ie,  O.  C. 
Mills,  Richard 
Reed,  William 
Ricketts,  Isaac 
Selby,  Allen 
Selby,  John  T. 
Small,  John 
Suter,  Thomas  R. 
Thompson,  F.  H. 
Thompson,  John 
Thompson,  Joseph 
Tscheffely,  F.  H. 
Wade,  John  W. 
Wade,  William 
Walker,  G.  E. 
Walker,  J.  W. 
Walker,  N.  J. 
Whalen,  Martin 
Woodward,  R. 


GERMAN  TOWN, 

Twenty-seven  miles  from  Washington,  on  the  Metropolitan  Branch,  Bal- 
timore ami  Ohio  Railroad.  Good  land  and  excellent  water;  valued  at 
from  ten  to  fifty  dollars  per  acre.  The  soil  is  kind,  yielding  productive- 
ly of  Wheat,  Corn,  Oats,  Potatoes,  Tobacco,  and  Hay. 

The  village  is  located  about  one  mile  from  the  Station ;  contains  two 
Churches — Methodist  Episcopal  and  Baptist,  and  Public  School.  Quite 
an  extensive  business  is  carried  on  at  the  Station  in  Fertilizers  and  Agri- 
cultural Implements ;  also,  in  the  Manufacture  of  Carriages,  Buggies, 
&c.     Population,  100. 


Postmaster. 

Thomas  N.  Henderson. 


Agent. 

Gassaway,  John  II. 


DIRECTOR'S    OF    MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 


13J 


Harness,  &c. 

Nicholls.  John  H. 
Merchants. 

Gassaway,  John  H. 

Harris,  R.  E. 

Henderson,  Thomas  N. 

Waters,  Horace  D. 

Shoe  and  Boot  Maker. 

Carlin,  Thomas 
Farmers. 

Bennett,  R.  H. 

Benson,  John  T. 

Benson,  Wm.  II. 


Gassaway,  John  H. 
Gloyd,  Eden 
Henderson,  Joseph 
Laurer,  J.  A. 
Leaman,  Christian 
Musser,  William 
Page,  Nathan 
Pumphreys,  Henry 
Reichter,  John  C. 
Snyder,  Jacob  F. 
Snyder,  John 
Waters.  Horace 
Waters,  William 
Williams,  Henry 
Williams,  Samuel 


GOSHEN, 

Five  miles  from  Gaithersburg.  Land  in  fine  cultivation.  Soil — clay, 
mixed  with  loam,  and  valued  at  from  twenty  to  fifty  dollars  per  acre. 
Produces  30  bushels  of  Wheat,  50  of  Corn,  1000  pounds  of  Tobacco,  and 
two  tons  of  Hay  per  acre.  One  Church — Methodist  Episcopal.  South 
Public  School,  two  Mills,  &c.     Population,  50. 


Postmaster. 

Martin,  A.  R. 
Blacksmith. 

Hogan.  0.  F. 
Merchandise. 

Martin,  A.  R. 
Millers. 

Davis,  J.  S. 

Lewis,  J.  W. 
Farmers. 

Benson,  J.  E. 

Blunt,  W.  W. 

Bowman,  Uriah  G. 

Dorsey,  R.  G. 

Green,  Richard 

Higgins,  James 

Higgins,  Thornac 

Jones,  Richard  W. 


Jones,  Somerset  O. 
La  Mar,  J.  C. 
Magrudar,  H.  R. 
Magruder,  J.  S. 
Magruder,  Wm.  M. 
Magruder,  Z.  M. 
McMahan,  E. 
Merriweather,  A.  G. 
Miller,  Washington 
Reed,  William 
Riggs,  George 
Riggs,  Harry 
Riggs,  R.  D. 
Stewart,  A.  G. 
Thompson,  J.  H. 
Thompson,  J.  C. 
Thompson,  Wm..  of  0. 
Waters,  J.  McC. 
Waters,  W.  D. 


ii  K  E  A  T     F  A  L  I,  S  , 

On  the  Potomac  River.  The  Government  Dam  and  Wati  r  Works  are 
located  here  for  supplying  the  District  of  Columbia.  This  is  the  largest 
available  water-power  in  the  world,  and   its  development  and  utilization 


132 


DIRECTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY    COUNTY. 


for  manufacturing  purposes,  cannot  fail  to  eventuate  in  the  growth  of  a 
considerable  town  at  this  point. 

The  Great  Falls  Ice  Companies'  Warehouses  are  also  located  here. 

Hotel,  Store  and  Post  Office.     Population,  150. 


HYATTSTOWJf. 

Eight  miles  from  Boyd's,  on  Bennett's  Creek.  Soil — clay,  mixed  with 
slate.  Land  undulating,  back  to  the  foot  of  Sugar  Loaf  Mountain;  is 
principally  cleared  and  under  good  cultivation,  and  worth  from  eight  to 
fifty  dollars  per  acre.  Producing  of  Wheat,  25  bushels;  Corn,  50,  Oats, 
40;  Potatoes,  100;  Tobacco,  1000  pounds,  and  Hay,  two  tons  per  acre. 
Three  Churches — Methodist  Episcopal  and  Methodist  Episcopal,  South, 
and  Christian.     White  and  Colored  Public  Schools.     Population,  150. 


Postmaster. 

Smith,  J.  R. 
Blacksmiths. 

Dutrow,  Jacob  W. 

Dutrow,  O.  W.  \ 

Carpenters  and  Undertakers* 

Dutrow,  P.  C. 

Gardner  &  Son. 

Smith,  J.  R. 
Carriages  and  Buggies. 

Brengle,  J.  H. 
Merchants. 

Dutrow,  D.  W. 

Welsh,  Wellington 
Miller. 

Darby,  George  A. 
Physic  ni a. 

Zeigler,  A.  H. 
Saddles  and  Hamesa. 

Burdett,  John  E. 
Shoemaker. 

Grimes,  George 
Tailor. 

Davis,  William 
Farmers. 

Anderson,  Mrs.  Ellen 


Browning,  Charles  T. 
Cecil,  Otho  P. 
Dixon,  John 
Harris,  Z.  G. 
Johnson.  Samuel 
Keith,  C. 

Lawson,  James  W. 
Layton,  C.  F.  &  Bro. 
Leather,  E. 
Lewis,  J.  R. 
Lewis,  William  B. 
McLane,  Anion 
McLane,  Joshua 
Price,  Charles 
Price,  George 
Price,  Levi 
Price,  Thomas,  of  E. 
Price,  Thomas  H. 
Simmons,  Samuel  T. 
Tabler,  Andrew  J. 
Tabler,  George  F. 
Tabler,  J.  L. 
Tabler,  John  H. 
Warlield,  H.  G. 
Watkins,  Luther 
Welsh,  Asa  .H. 
Windsor,  Z.  L. 
Wolfe,  Jesse  H. 
Zeigler,  D. 


HDfTHG    HILL, 

Five  miles  West  of  Rockville,  on  the  Poolesville  road,  and  three  miles 
South  of  Gaithersburg.  Land  improving,  and  yielding  fair  crops  kof 
Wheat,  Corn,  Potatoes,  and  Hay.     An  important  feature  is  the  Chrome 


DIRECTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY  COUNTY. 


133 


Pits  in  the  vicinity.     Store,  Wheelwright  and  Blacksmith  Shop,  and 
Post  Office. 


KNO  WLE8', 

Eleven  miles  from  Washington,  on  the  Metropolitan  Branch,  Baltimore 
and  Ohio  Railroad.  Land  variable;  valued  at  from  forty  to  eighty  dol- 
lars per  acre.  Yielding  30  to  40  bushels  of  Wheat,  50  to  GO  of  Corn,  and 
two  tons  of  Hay.  Churches  and  Schools  in  immediate  vicinity.  Popu- 
lation, 75. 


Postmaster. 

Corrick,  Joshua 

Blacksmith. 

Mulican,  George 

Bricklayers  and  Plasterers. 
Lincoln,  William 
Rhoe,  William 

Carpenters. 

Blackwith,  W.  T. 
Blake,  George 
Duvall,  George 
Welch,  Patrick 

MercJmndise. 

Fawcett,  F.  M. 


Farmers. 


Baker,  Nelson 
Brown,  D.  W. 
Brown,  M.  J. 
Clemens,  John 
Duvall,  Charles 
Duvall,  James 
Hiffiner,  John 
Knowles,  George 
Manakee,  William 
McDermott,  John 
McDermott,  Patrick 
Mulican,  R. 
Perry,  Humphrey 
Wilson,  George 


LAYTOJfSVILLE, 

Seven  miles  from  Gaithersburg.  Land  under  fair  cultivation;  mostly 
cleared,  and  rated  at  from  ten  to  fifty  dollars  per  acre.  Produces  30 
bushels  of  Wheat,  25  to  40  of  Oats,  150  of  Potatoes,  50  to  100  of  Corn, 
1200  pounds  of  Tobacco  per  acre.  One  Church — Methodist  Episcopal. 
Two  Public  Schools.     Population,  100. 


Postmaster. 

Bell,  F.  L. 
Blacksmiths  and  W heehcrights. 

Sittings,  John  T. 

Parsley,  Thomas 

Wicks  &  Kimble. 
Carpenters  and  Undertakers. 

Easton,  S.  H. 

Houck,  E.  H. 
Harness  Maker. 

Myers,  E.  F. 
Merchants. 

Kenny,  W.  H.  H. 

Mobley,  George  W. 


Physician. 

Crawford,  B.  B. 
Shoemaker. 

Snyder,  J.  P. 
Tailor. 

Sellman,  John  .\, 

Farmers. 

Allnutt,  J.  B. 
Allnutt,  John 
Allnutt.  John  T. 
Allnutt,  William 
Avton,  E.  B. 
Bell,  F.  L. 
Bell,  James  T. 


134 


DIRECTORY    OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 


Bell,  Silence 
Bowman,  George  W. 
Brown,  Edward 
Clagett,  James  W. 
Clagett,  Mrs.  M.  A. 
Crawford,  C.  A. 
Darby,  W.  A. 
Dorsey,  Thomas  W. 
Fish,  Benjamin  R. 
Gattrel,  G. 
Griffith,  C.  H. 
Griffith,  U. 
Griffith,  U.  H. 
Griffith,  Wm.  R. 
Hawkins,  Win. 
King.  S. 
Nelson.  <). 


Plummer,  Richard 
Plummet,  Robert 
Pope,  C.  A. 
Pope,  James  M. 
Pugh,  David  L. 
Ray,  Nicholas 
Riggs,  Reuben 
Biggs,  Samuel,  of  G. 
Riggs,  Samuel,  of  S. 
Stewart,  Albert 
Thompson,  T. 
Ward,  J. 
Wartield,  J.  G. 
Warfield,  John  T. 
Waters,  George  T. 
Watkins  &  Clagett 
Williams.  James 


MARTINSBIRG, 

Eight  miles  from  Barnesville,  on  the  road  (two  miles)  from  White's 
Perry,  on  the  Potomac  River.  Land  fertile,  with  a  good  clay  soil;  gen- 
erally cleared,  and  commands  from  twenty  to  fifty  dollars  per  acre. 
Yielding  fine  crops  of  Wheat,  Corn,  Oats,  and  Hay.  Churches  and 
Public  Schools  convenient.     Population,  75. 


Post  master. 

Reed,  James  W. 
Blacksmiths. 

MeKenzie,  T. 

Peters,  John 
Merchants. 

Phillips  Brothers. 

Reed&  Trundle. 

Mill' 

Devilbiss,  J.  A. 
Welle r.  Frank 

Shoemaker. 

Thomas,  C.  W.. 
Farmers. 

Boteler,  A.  J. 


Cowley,  R.  T. 
Hickman,  James  B. 
Jones,  William  T. 
Jonc,  John  L.  T. 
Mercer,  W.  E. 
Mosburg,  George 
Mosburg,  P.  K. 
Oxley,  Edgar  F. 
Ozley,  Thomas 
Pool,  B.  R, 
Reed,  J<   .n 
Remsburg,  D.  F. 
Remsburg,  William 
Skinner.  James 
Bmoot,  It.  W. 
StallingB,  Richard 
Stephenson.  John 
Veirs.  William  P. 


niDDLEBROOK, 

Two  miles  West  of  the  intersection  of  the   Frederick  Turnpike  and   Big 
va.  uine    miles  West  Of  Rockville,  and    four  miles   East    of  (Marks- 
Land,  medium;  can  be  purchased  at  from  ten  to  twenty  dollars 
per  acre.     Yielding  One  crops  of  Wheat,  Corn,  Oats,  Hay,  Potatoes,  and 
Tobacco.     Churches  and  Schools  near.     Population,  80. 


DIRECTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 


135 


Pnut  master. 

Clements,  George  II. 

Blacksmdth. 

Smith,  Peter 

Easton,  William 
Trail,  Thomas 

//  Merchandise. 
Clements,  George  H. 

Millers. 

Buxton,  Leonard 
Wat  kins,  L.  L, 


Farmers. 

Benson,  J.  N, 
Benson,  Johnson 

Benson,  Thomas  E. 
Case,  John 
Case,  Zadoc 
Crawford,  H. 
Gloyd.  James 
Rabbitt,  .Tames  O. 
Ray,  D.  A. 
Ricketts,  A.  P. 
Trail,  James  0. 
Trail,  R. 
Ward,  T.  G. 
Ward,  W.  E. 


MOXOC1CY, 

On  the  Monocacy  River,  near  the  crossing  of  the  Metropolitan  Railroad. 
Land  productive,  and  ranging  from  ten  to  twenty  dollars  per  acre.  Pro- 
ducing good  crops  of  Wheat  and  Corn.  Mills,  Churches,  and  Public 
Schools  convenient.     Population,  20. 


Postmaster. 

Bellman,  Frederick 
General  Merchandise. 

Sellman,  Frederick 
Physician. 

Hellen, 


Bouic,  Rufus  A. 

Ilea  11,  William  A. 
Bays,  George  R. 
Bellman,  Frederick 


MONTROSE, 

Is  one-half  mile  from  Randolph.  The  soil,  red  cja3  :  valued  at  fifty  to 
sixtv  dollars  per  acre.  Yielding  35  bushels  of  Wheat,  80  of  Corn,  and 
two  tons  of  Hay.     Population,  100. 


Postmaster. 

Heley,  Francis 
Blacksmith. 

Flach,  Joseph 
(  arpenter. 

Cramer,  C. 
(2  Mi  rrliaiiilixt . 

Heley,  Francis 

Holmes,  T. 

Magruder,  W.  F. 


Mill- 1 . 

Orndorf,  William 
Fur:  >■ 

I'.auiev,  II. 

Baker,  E. 

Ball,  Frank 

Codwise,  B.  R. 

Curtin    T. 

Duffy,  Peter 

Halpin,  C. 

Hance,  A\  . 


136 


DIRECTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 


LyddaW,  T. 
Magruder,  S.  W. 
Magruder,  William 
Magruder,  W.  S. 
Ricketta,  E. 


Veirs,  C. 
Veirs,  E. 
Wilson,  O. 
Windan,  George 


BTORBECK 

Is  situated  five  miles  from  Rockville.  The  land  is  valued  at  twenty-five 
to  forty  dollars  per  acre.  Yielding  from  25  to  30  bushels  of  Wheat,  20 
to  25  of  Corn,  and  one  and  a  half  ton  of  Hay.  Churches  and  Schools  in 
close,  proximity.     Population,  40. 


Postmaster. 

Bennett,  John  A. 
Blacksmith. 

Gill,  James 
Carriage  Maker. 

Cashell,  C.  R. 
General  Merchandise. 

Bennett,  John  A. 

Flack,  A.  C. 

Rainier,  James 
Carpenters. 

Burris,  William 

Nicholls,  Charles 


Farmers. 


Abert,  Charles 
Abert,  Robert  W. 
Adamson,  R.  L. 
Beall,  J.  W. 
Brooke,  Albin 
Brooke,  Roger 
Cashell,  Thomas 
Cashell,  William 
Flack.  A.  C. 
Muncaster,  Wm.  E. 
Nicholls,  C.  W. 
Riley,  P.  C. 
Sullivan,  Perry 
Thompson,  William 


OFFTTT'S     -[-     ROADS, 

Six  miles  from  Rockville,  and  two  and  a  half  miles  from  the  Great  Falls 
of  the  Potomac,  which  is  cohsidered  one  of  the  greatest  water-powers  in 
the  country.  The  land  surrounding  is  fair,  and  contains  gold  mines, 
which  are  now  being  worked.  Land  sells  at  from  ten  to  thirty  dollars 
per  acre.  Produces  15  to  30  bushels  of  Wheat,  100  of  Potatoes,  25  of 
Oats,  and  20  to  30  of  Corn.  Presbyterian  and  Methodist  Episcopal 
Churches.     Three  Schools  near.     Population,  1 25. 


Post  master. 

Offutt,  William 
Btetkimritl/x. 

Lynch,  William  T. 

McCormick,  George 

Carpenters. 

Dolbeck,  James 
Hill,  Lloyd 
Bheppard,  Thomas 


General  Merchandise. 
Garrett  &  Maus. 
McQuade,  M. 

Offutt  &  Perry. 

Gold  Miners. 

Jas.  Bartlett,  Merritt  &  Co. 
MilUrs. 

McCormick,  G. 

Orendorf,  Wm. 

Storm,  Philip  &  John 


DIRECTORY  OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 


137 


Physicians. 

Offutt,  B. 

Willett,  C.  F. 

Shoemakers. 

Burriss,  Lem.  P. 
Stearn,  J.  J. 

Farmers. 

Austin,  Mahlon 
Barnhouse,  Richard 
Boswell,  Frank 
Bradley.  George  G. 
Bradley,  Henry 
Bradley,  Henry,  Jr. 
Burriss,  G.  W. 
Carroll,  J.  M. 


Clagett,  Darius 
Clagett,  Henry 
Clagett,  J.  N." 
Clagett,  Wm. 
Connell,  John 
Connell,  Robert 
Hardest  v,  Wm.  M. 
Hill.  Levi 
Kilgour,  Frank 
Maus,  O.  S. 
Moore,  J.  D.  W. 
Offutt,  John 
Offutt,  L.  M. 
Saunders,  John 
Stearn,  Joseph 
Trundle,  John 


OLNET 

Is  situated  eight  miles  from  Rockville.  Land  good,  principally  cleared  ; 
is  valued  at  forty  dollars  per  acre,  and  yields  25  bushels  of  Wheat,  50  of 
Corn,  and  1200  pounds  of  Tobacco.  Churches  and  Schools  convenient. 
Population,  75. 


Postmaster. 

Kirk,  R.  L. 
Blacksmiths  and  Wheelwrights. 

Jones,  L.  D. 

Walker,  J.  W. 
Carpenters  and  Undertakers. 

Groome,  Thomas  C. 

Price,  Join) 

Young,  R.  W. 
Dairy. 

Farquhar,  Greenville 
Dentist. 

Manakee,  F.  H. 
Merchant' 

B  unesley,  J.  D. 

Williams  &  Berger. 
MiUer. 

Routzhan,  M.  C. 
Physician. 

Magruder,  Wm.  E. 
Shoemaker. 

Johnson,  H.  C. 
8t0Vi  l  and  Tinicare. 

Wagner,  J.  L. 
10 


Tailor. 

Schmitt,  Andrew 
Farmers. 

Barnesley,  George 

Bamesley,  James 

Barnesley,  Samuel 

Berry,  J.  D. 

Bowie,  Col.  W. 

Brooke,  C.  F. 

Cashell,  G.  C. 

Cashell,  H.  B. 

Cashell,  - 

Chichester,  W.  B. 

Childs,  James  O. 

Childs,  Williain 

Dorsey,  Col.  G. 

Duly,  H.  B. 

Farquhar,  Charles 

Griffith,  Thomas 

Hallowell,  II.  C. 

Higgina,  II.  O. 

Holland,  J.  C. 

Hyatt  George  "W. 

Jones,  L.  W. 

Kirk,  Charles 

Mackall,  R.  L. 

Mackall,  R.  M. 

Manakee,  Reuben 


138 


DIRECTORY   OF  MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 


POOLESVILLE 

Is  located  in  the  Horseshoe  formed  by  the  Potomac  River,  six  miles  from 
Barnesville  Station,  Metropolitan  Railroad,  and  same  distance  from  the 
Canal,  and  thirty-two  miles  from  Washington.  Principal  products- 
Wheat,  Corn  and  Hay.  From  fifteen  hundred  to  two  thousand  head  of 
Cattle  are  grazed  for  market  in  the  District.  Soil  sandy,  gray  and  red ; 
ranging  from  fifteen  to  fifty  dollars  per  acre.  A  Public  and  Private 
School  largely  attended;  also,  Briarly  Hall  Seminary  for  Young  Ladies, 
ably  conducted  by  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Porter  and  daughter,  with  a  large 
attendance.     Population,  275. 


Postmaster. 

Cator,  Samuel 
Blacksmith. 

Reed,  Lewis 
Carpenters. 

Norris,  William 

Hall,  E. 

Money,  J.  II. 
Carriage  Man nfacturers. 

Straub  &  Son. 
Dentist. 

Schaeffer,  Dr.  T.  II. 
Merchants. 

Hall,  T.  R, 

Hays,  William  N. 

Hoskinson  Bros. 

Kohlhoss,  C. 

Norris,  J.  T. 
Millers. 

Milford,  Thos..  &  Bitzer. 
Physician  <. 

Ayler, 

Walling, 

Wootton, 

Shoemaker*. 

Grimes,  Charles 

Price,  Elias 
Veterinary  Surgeon. 

Poole,  W.  T.  H. 
Farmers. 

Brewer,  George 

Brewer,  William 

Cecil,  Humphrey 
I,  William 

Chiswell,  Captain 
•.well,  Edward 


Dade,  John 
Dawson,  F. 
Fisher,  George 
Fisher,  Martin 
Gott,  Thomas  N. 
Griffith,  Howard 
Heirberger,  Aaron 
Hempstone,  H.  T. 
Hempstone,  T. 
Hillard,  Robert 
Hughes,  William  D. 
Jones,  John  A. 
Jones,  John  L.  T, 
Jones,  N. 
Jones,  William  T. 
Metzger,  Charles 
Metzger,  William 
Miles,  Uriah 
Poole,  Dickerson 
Poole,  F.  S. 
Poole,  J.  Sprigg 
Poole,  Richard 
Poole,  Thomas  H. 
Poole,  Wallace 
Poole,  William 
Schaffer,  William 
Sellman,  Charles 
Talbott,  Benson 
Trundle,  .James 
White,  Benjamin 
White,  Frank 
White,  Joseph 
White,  Richard 
White,  Thomas  H. 
Willard,  Charles 
Willard,  J. 
Young,  David 
Young,  Henry 
Young,  Isaac 
Young,  W.  T. 


DIRECTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 


139 


BEDL1ID, 

Two  miles  from  Derwood  Station,  Metropolitan  Branch  Railroad.  Soil 
productive,  and  susceptible  of  improvement.  Church  and  Public  School. 
Population,  50. 


Postmaster. 

Peirce,  H.  B. 

BlacJcsmif/is. 

Bready,  0.  W 

Bready,  S.  K. 
('ar}  tenters. 

Belt,  Rufus 

Belt,  W.  M. 
March 

Peirce,  II.  B. 

Thompson,  H.  S.  &  Bro. 
Miller. 

Shaw,  Nathan 
Physician*. 

Magruder,  J.  W. 
Magruder,  Julian 


Farmers. 

Bean,  C.  M. 
Bowman,  U. 
Case,  J.  &  R. 
Cashell,  H. 
Cashell,  J. 
Cashell,  Thomas,  Jr. 
'Griffith,  David 
Housholder,  W.  0. 
Magruder,  H.  B. 
Magruder,  Zadoc 
Muncaster,  E.  M. 
Rabbitt,  J. 
Ricketts,  J.  T. 
Riggs,  Mrs.  E.  H. 
Thompson,  J.  E. 


BOCKTILIE, 

The  County  Seat,  on  the  Metropolitan  Railroad,  filty-seven  miles  from 
Baltimoii  been  miles  from  "Washington.     The  land  in  the  vicinity 

is  clay  loam,  well  improved,  and  sells  from  twenty  to  one  hundred 
dollars  per  acre.  Staple  productions — Wheat,  Corn,  Hay,  and  Oats. 
Considerable  attention  is  devoted  to  Fruit  and  Garden  productions. 
Contains  Court  House,  Jail,  and  the  County  Almshouse.  Churches — 
Methodist  Episcopal,  Baptist,  Presbyterian.  Catholic,  Episcopal,  Di 
pies,  and  two  Colored.  Mispah  Lodge,  No.  144,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  Mont- 
gomery  Grange.     Population,  1000. 


ster. 

England,  John  G. 
Agents — Insurance. 

Higgins,  John  J. 

Prettyman,  E.  D. 
Agent — Railroad. 

Cooper,  J.  J. 
Attorneys  at  L 

Anderson  &  Bouic. 
lerson,  James  W. 

Brewer  &  Brewer. 

Dawson,  James 


England,  John  G. 
Jones,  Spencer  C. 
Peter  A:  Henderson. 
Peter,  John  F. 
Talbott,  II .  W. 

Audio 

Boswell,  James 
ksmiths  and  Wheelwrights 
Bagley,  R.  A. 
Buxton,  James  F. 
Green,  M. 
Haney,  B. 


J  40 


DIRECTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 


Moulden,  Eli 
Mulringer,  J.  P. 

Carpenters  and  Undertaken. 

Cator,  George  F. 

Edmondson,  John 

Haney,  Joseph 

Pumphrey,  W.  R. 
Dentist. 

Manakee,  F.  H. 
Druggist. 

Owens,  D.  F. 
Harness  Maker. 

Kircher.  David 
Hotels. 

Montgomery — M.  A.  Almony. 

Union— Francis  Kleindienst. 

Livery  StoMes. 

Poss.  J. 

Babbitt,  W.  H. 
Mason. 

Dwyer,  Henry 
Merchants. 

Biavs.  J.  P. 

Bouic,  D.  H. 

England,  John  G.,  Jr. 

Higgins,  S.  D.  &  Son. 

Lyddane,  S.  B. 

Mulfinger,  Mrs.  Mary  M. 

Offutt,'iN.  I). 

Shekell,  R.  A . 
Millers. 

Veirs,  E.  &  Brother. 
Millinery. 

Campbell,  Mi- 

Cator,  Mrs.  G.  F. 

Miller,  Mrs.  J.  R. 
Physic ii  ■  .is. 

Maddox,  C.  J. 
Sommers,  A.  A. 

Stonestreet,  E.  E. 
Shoemakers. 

Johnson,  R.  R. 

Sad  tier,  Louis 

Steele,  J.  A. 
Tailor. 

Morgan,  M. 
Tinner. 

Viett,  Henry 


Watches  and  Jewelry. 

Ansley,  Henry 
Wines  and  Liquors. 

Mullican,  S.  T. 

Rabbitt,  J.  R, 

Rabbitt,  William  H. 

Farmers. 

Anderson.  Col.  James 
Anderson,  James  W.,  Jr. 
Bedle.  Amos 
Belt,  Edward  C. 
Bouic,  Hon.  W.  Y. 
Bowie.  Hon.  R.  I. 
Brewer,  John  B. 
Brooke.  W.  S. 
Carter.  R.  W. 
Claggett,  Z.  T. 
Cromack,  J.  C.   . 
Davis,  Samuel  L. 
Dawson,  II.  A. 
Dawson,  John  L. 
Dove,  Thomas  R. 
Edmondson,  C.  O. 
Farquhar,  Rodger  B. 
Gaitber,  William  B. 
'Gra"  e  M. 

Haney.  Joseph  M. 
Higgins,  James  VV. 
Higgins,  Mrs.  S.  D. 
Horner,  Frank  B. 
Horner,  John  W. 
Hunter,  Mrs. 
Hunter,  William 
Hurley,  !  ■ 

Jones,  William,  Jr. 
Keys,  Chandler 
Lyddane,  S.  M. 
Maddox,  Dr.  Charles  J. 
Nelson,  C.  S. 
Offutt,  N.  1>. 
Orndorff,  W.  0. 
Prettyman,  B.  B. 
Ray.  N.  K. 
Ricketts,  John  11. 

Picket  Is.  R.  E. 
Ro/.'n  r.  1\  W. 
Selby,  Allen 
Shaw,  George 

!  L. 

Stoi  Dr.  E.  E. 

Stonestreet,  Samuel  T. 
Stonestreet,  T.  W. 
Trail,  Hezekiah 
Veirs,  E.  M. 


DIRECTORY   OF  MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 


141 


Veirs,  W.  A. 
Wagner,  J.  N. 
Watkins,  Rudolph 


White,  George 
Willson,  John  E. 
Willson,  Samuel 


SANDY     SPRINGS, 

iit  miles  East  of  Rockville,  and  eleven  miles  from  Laurel,  is  situated 
in  the  midst  of  a  Settlement  of  Friends,  and  is  surrounded  by  one  of  the 
wealthiest  sections  in  the  County.  Land  under  a  high  state  of  cultiva- 
tion, and  improved  by  handsome  buildings,  etc.  Land  worth  from  twenty 
to  one  hundred  dollars  per  acre.  Principal  productions — Wheat,  Corn, 
Hay,  and  Fruit.  Four  Methodist  Episcopal  Churches,  two  Colored,  and 
Society  of  Friends.  Public  and  Private  Schools.  Mutual  Fire  Insur- 
ance Company,  of  Montgomery  County;  Sandy  Springs  Savings  Bank, 
and  Circulating  Library.     Population,  10fl. 


Postmaster. 

Stabler,  Edward 
Blacksmiths. 

Budd,  Samuel 

Budd,  Thomas 

Harlow,  J.  F. 

Turner,  Fletcher 
Garpem 

Hill,  Re' 

Leizer,  Francis 

Moore,  Robert  S. 

Tucker,  Richard 
Merchants. 

Gilpin  &  Bentley. 

Holland.  James  M. 

Thomas,'  A.  G. 
Millers. 

Brooke,  Charles  F. 

L<  a,  Henry  T. 

White,  Moab 
Physician. 

Iddings,  C,  Edward 
Warmers. 

Bready,  John 
ike,  Alban 

Brooke,  George  E. 

( lashell,  A.  Ja< 

Chandlee,  Albert 


Farquhar,  William  II. 
Hallowell,  Henry  C. 
Kirk.  Mahlon 

Lea,  William 
-Miller,  B.  H, 
Miller,  Henry  H. 
Miller,  Robert  H. 

Moore,  Joseph  T. 

!,  William  W. 
Palmer,  B.  I). 
Palme 
Roberts,  B.  R. 

Id,  William  J. 
Scott,  Edmund 
Smith,  John  M. 
Stabler,  A  rthur 

r,  As  i  M. 
Stabler,  Charles 
Stabler.  Frederick 
Stabler.  Granville 
Stabler,  James  P. 
Stabler,  Joseph 
Stabler,  Philip  T. 
Stabler,  Robert  M. 
Stone.  James  1 1 
Thomas.  Edward  P. 
Thorn; 

Thomas,  Samuel  P. 
Thomas.  William  J. 
Wetherald,  Joseph 


142 


DIRECTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 


SKMJI  AN'S, 

On  the  Metropolitan  Railroad,  four  miles  West  of  Boyd's,  and  nine  miles 
East  of  Point  of  Rocks,  and  one  mile  from  Barnesville, — for  which  this 
is  the  Railway  Station.     Railroad  Agent,  Samuel  Darby. 


SENECA, 

On  Great  Seneca  Creek,  near  its  confluence  with  the  Potomac  River,  on 
the  road  from  Georgetown  to  Edwards1  Ferry.  Public  Schools  and 
Churches  in  the  vicinity,  Store  and  Post  Office.    Postmaster,  Upton  Dorsey. 


SLIGO, 

One  mile  from  Silver  Springs,  and  six  miles  from  Washington.  Soil- 
light  and  loamy;  land  principally  cleared,  and  rated  at  fifty  to  one  hun- 
dred dollars  per  acre.  Produces  30  bushels  of  Wheat,  25  of  Corn,  and 
two  tons  of  Hay  per  acre.  Methodist  Protestant  Church  and  two  Catho- 
lic Churches.     Two  Public  Schools.     Population,  50. 


Postmaster. 

Dorsey,  James  L. 
Blacksmiths. 

Cunningham,  ('. 

Gentner,  John 
Carpenter. 

Long,  J.  D. 
Miller. 

Bond,  J.  L. 
Physicians. 

Harding,  Josiah 

Stone,  C.  G. 


Farmers. 

Blair,  Hon.  Montgomery 
Burch,  R.  W. 
Clark,  O.  H.  P. 
Dorsey,  James  L. 
Drain e,  A.  L. 
Fenwick,  James 
Lee,  8.  P. 

Thompson,  William 
Wilson,  John  C. 
Wilson,  R.  T. 


SPEJfCERTILLE, 

On  the  road  to  Sandy  Springs,  and  six  miles  from  Buvtonsville.  Land 
productive,  and  yielding  excellent  crops  of  Wheat,  Corn  and  Hay. 
Land  worth  from  thirty  to  eighty  dollars  per  acre.  Baptist  Church  and 
Schools.     Population,  100. 


Postmaster. 

W.  H. 

Carpenter. 

Barnes,  James 


Nurseryman. 

Phair,  William  H. 
Farmers. 

Chaney,  H.  S. 


DIRECTORY    OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 


143 


Duvall,  Louis  H. 
Herding,  Joseph 
Miller,  W.  P. 

Reigle,  George 


Stabler,  Asa  M. 
Btabler,  Caleb 
Stabler,  F. 


SlNSHIlfE, 

Ten  miles  from  Gaithersburg.  Soil  good,  and  susceptible  of  improve- 
ment; can  be  bought  from  twenty  to  forty  dollars  per  acre.  Produces  25 
bushels  of  Wheat,  40  of  Corn,  and  two  tons  of  Hay.  Methodist  Protest- 
ant, (Mount  runnel,  i  and  Methodist  Episcopal,  (Unity  Chapel.)  Public 
School.     Population,  150. 


Postmaster. 

Brown,  William  W. 

Blacksmiths. 

Davis,  Nimrod 
Grady,  Frank 

Carpenters. 

Boswell,  Nicholas 
Brown,  Franklin 
Cashell,  George 

Dentist. 

Dwyer.  J.  D. 

Merchants. 

Colliflower  &  Harvey. 
Gaither,  F.  D. 
Townsend,  C.  F. 

Machinist. 

Bozzell,  J.  Q. 


Physician. 

Maynard,  J.  H. 

Shoemakers. 

Brown,  Uriah 
Coomes,  R.  W. 
Dwyer,  J.  W. 

Farmers. 

Brown,  J.  H. 
Brown,  Joshua 
Brown,  Robert 
Curtis,  John 
Griffith,  Frank 
Groomes,  Franklin 
Hutton,  C.  C. 
Kinsev,  John  G. 
Lansdale,  R.  H. 
Magruder,  J.  F.  D. 
Riggs,  Elisha 
Townsend,  James 
Watkins,  O.  P. 


TRIADELPHIi, 

On  the  Patuxent  River,  north-east  corner  of  Mechanicsville  District. 
Soil  productive.  Products — 30  bushels  of  Wheat,  40  of  Corn,  and  30  of 
Oats.  Land  from  rifteen  to  sixty  dollars  per  acre.  Churches,  Schools 
and  Mills.     Postmaster,  Thomas  Lansdale. 


WHEATON, 

Half  mile  from  Forest  Glen.  Location  healthy.  Soil — clay ;  land  cleared, 
and  rated  at  forty  to  eighty  dollars  per  acre.  Methodist  Episcopal  and 
Methodist  Protestant  Churches.     Public  School. 


144 


DIRECTORY   OF   MONTGOMERY   COUNTY. 


Postmaster. 

Plyer,  George 

Blacksi'iith. 
Rhine,  A. 

Merchants. 

Anderson,  D.  C. 
Davis,  Charles 
Jones,  Samuel 
Mitchell.  Richard 
Plyer,  George 
Ray,  A. 

Physician. 

Harding,  J. 

Farmers. 

Adams,  Charles 
Anderson,  Charles 
Batchelor,  W.  A. 
Boher,  Julius 
Bowie,  Allen 
Bowman.  William 
Breaton,  W. 
Brown,  Thomas 
Burgdorf,  A. 
Childs,  Joseph 
Cropley,  William 
Dodged  J.  P. 


Dodge,  Owen 
Eecleston,  Matthew 
Federline,  Frank 
Glasgoe,  J.  E. 
Hardy,  Frank 
Hardy,  John 
Haviland,  James 
Hunter,  Thomas 
Johnson,  Henry 
Jones,  C.  P. 
Laney,  John 
Linkins,  Henry 
Matthews,  Wesley 
Muss,  Peter 
Noland,  Thomas 
Perry,  Humphrey 
Price,  James 
Price,  William 
Ray,  Richard 
Riley,  Thomas 
Stanton,  i-'rederick* 
Stubbs.  J.  B. 
Trucks,  J. 
Wallace,  Murray 
Weller,  M. 
Weller,  William 
Windham,  A.  J. 


WHITE'S    FERRY, 

Six  miles  from  Poolesville,  on  the  Potomac  River,  four  miles  from  Lees- 
burg,  Virginia.  Land  in  good  cultivation;  producing  30  to  40  bushels 
of  Wheat;  Corn,  Oats,  and  Hay  in  proportion.  Selling  from  thirty  to 
seventy-five  dollars  per  acre.  Store  and  Post  Office,  with  Churches  and 
Schools  in  the  neighborhood.     Splendid  Bass  Fishing  in  the  Potomac. 


PROMINENT  MERCANTILE  FIRMS 


OF 


GEORGETOWN,   D.   ( 


THE    LIMBER    TRADE. 

WHEATLEY      BROTHERS. 

The  City  of  Georgetown  enjoys  many  advantages  over  other  places 
favorable  to  the  successful  prosecution  of  the  Lumber  Trade,  among 
which  may  be  mentioned  her  central  location  and  unsurpassed  water 
facilities  for  receiving  and  shipping. 

The  immense  amount  of  Lumber  used  annually  in  the  United  States 
is  constantly  increasing,  and  to  supply  this  growing  demand,  an  immense 
amount  of  capital  and  labor  is  invested.  One  of  the  oldest  established 
firms  so  engaged  in  the  District  of  Columbia  is  that  of  the  Messrs. 
Wheati,ey  Brothers,  whose  extensive  yards  in  Georgetown  and  Wash- 
ington cover  fully  four  acres  of  ground.  Some  idea  of  the  extent  of 
their  business  may  be  inferred  from  the  fact  that  they  handle  over  seven 
million  feet  of  Lumber  yearly. 

The  Georgetown  office  is  located  at  37  Water  Street,  and  the  yards 
covering  several  acres  are  located  on  the  Banks  of  the  Potomac  and  Rock 
Creek,  where  they  have  a  wharfage  of  three  hundred  feet,  enabling  r< 
of  any  draught  to  load  and  unload  at  all  times.  Their  stock  embraces 
every  description  of  Lumber  received  from  all  the  different  Lumber 
sections  of  the  country. 

At  Seventh  Street  and  Rhode  Island  Avenue,  in  Washington,  their  yard 
occupies  one  and  one-half  squares,  and  is  connected  with  the  George- 
town office  by  a  Telephone,  making  communication  easy  and  facilitating 
business. 

In  1845,  Mr.  F.  Wheatley,  the  father  of  the  gentlemen  conducting  the 
present  business  established  himself  in  Georgetown,  and  by  his  energy 
and  enterprise,  successfully  conducted  the  business  until  1866,  when  his 
four  sons  under  the  above  style  and  name  became  proprietors,  and  since 


146         PROMINENT   MERCANTILE  FIRMS — GEORGETOWN. 

that  time  have  illustrated  the  fact  that  the  mantle  of  the  sire  fell  on 
worthy  shoulders ,  for  they  have  materially  extended  and  enlarged  the 
business,  keeping  pace  with  the  modern  development  of  trade  and  com- 
merce. Directing  their  entire  time  and  energy,  coupled  with  their  exten- 
sive experience,  exclusively  to  their  business,  and  losing  no  opportunity 
of  protecting  their  customers,  jt  is  certain  that  the  "  Brothers  Wheatley  " 
will  merit  a  continuance  of  the  generous  support  so  long  extended  to 
them  during  the  past. 

The  firm  are  enabled  to  transact  business  in  a  manner  satisfactory  to 
all  concerned,  and  their  prices  are  such  that  they  can  compete  with 
Baltimore  or  more  Eastern  markets.  Their  trade  is  principally  local, 
although  they  make  shipments  by  the  railroads  and  canal  to  Montgomery 
and  adjacent  Counties  in  Maryland  and  Virginia. 

They  are  also  largely  engaged  in  building.  Mr.  Samuel  E.  Wheatley, 
one  of  the  senior  members  of  the  Washington  branch  having  immediate 
supervision  of  that  department.  They  have  twenty-six  handsome  brick 
dwellings  on  the  square  bounded  by  Seventh,  Sixth  and  Q,  Streets  and 
Rhode  Island  Avenue,  and  a  number  in  the  immediate  neighborhood,  all 
of  which  are  occupied.  They  are  all  finished  in  modern  style,  combin: 
ing  all  the  conveniences  for  house-keeping. 

Mr.  Charles  Wheatley,  who  has  charge  of  the  Georgetown  office,  is  a 
social  and  genial  gentleman— qualities,  when  joined  with  strict  business 
principles,  and  honorable  and  upright  dealing,  is  sure  to  make  him  a 
host  of  friends. 


GROCERIES,     WHOLESALE    AND    RETAIL. 

S.     CROPLEY'S     SONS. 

Among  the  important  commercial  enterprises  of  Georgetown  which 
commend  themselves  to  general  notice,  no  one  possesses  features  of 
greater  interest  than  that  of  the  Wholesale  and  Retail  Grocery  Trade. 
The  house  of  S.  Cropley's  Sons  was  established  by  Mr.  Samuel  Cropley 
in  1828,  and  succeeded  by  his  two  sons  R.  B.  and  A.  B.  Cropley  in  1868, 
by  whom  it  has  since  been  prosecuted  with  great  success.  The  indi- 
vidual importance  of  this  house  is  such  that  it  exerts  an  influence  over 
the  commercial  interests  of  Georgetown,  which  is  strongly  felt  by  dealers 
in  other  departments  of  trade. 

In  addition  to  their  Grocery  Department,  they  are  largely  engaged  in 
Rectifying  Spirits  and  Compounding  Liquors,  among  which  they  make 
a  specialty  of  "Old  Club"  Whiskeys,  of  which  they  are  sole  proprietors; 
also  of  "  Cropley's"  X,  XX,  XXX  Whiskeys. 


r> 


PROMINENT   MERCANTILE   FIRMS— GEORGETOWN.         147 


They  occupy  a  large  five  story  building  Corner  Bridge  Street  and  Market 
Space,  where  their  wholesale  business  is  principally  carried  on,  and  one 
at  the  Corner  of  Bridge  and  Congress  Streets,  which  is  devoted  to  sup- 
plying families  with  Fine  Wines,  Groceries  and  Canned   Goods   and 

Fruits,  etc. 

They  are  also  extensive  dealers  inTobacco,  Snuff,  Cigars,  etc.,  of  which 
they  keep  a  well  assorted  stock,  which  is  of  great  convenience  and  value 
to  country  dealers. 

The  Messrs.  Cropley  are  Agents  for  Hazard's  Powder,  the  celebrity  of 
which  is  wide-spread.  They  make  a  specialty  of  this  article,  which  is 
extensively  used  in  every  section  of  the  country.  As  the  attention  of 
dealers  to  this  house  may  be  advantageous  both  to  it  and  to  themselves, 
these  gentlemen,  as  agents,  are  prepared  to  supply  it  in  any  quantities, 
and  at  prices  lower  than  it  can  be  bought  in  the  general  market. 

Their  trade  in  Groceries  is  large,  local  and  general  through  the  District 
and  the  States  adjoining.  These  goods  are,  strictly  speaking,  first-class 
when  so  represented,  the  high  commercial  standing  of  the  house  forbid- 
ding their  imposition  of  goods  upon  customers  of  a  quality  inferior  to 
the  class  ordered,  for  the  temporary  emolument  such  a  transaction  might 
afford.  In  every  respect  the  house  of  S.  Cropley^  Sons  is  a  good  one, 
meriting  universal  patronage. 


AN    ENTERPRISING   MAN. 

ROBERT    T.   ARLOW. 

It  has  always  been  the  boast  of  the  American  citizen  that  no  country 
in  the  world  offers  better  opportunities  for  the  truly  enterprising,  or 
where  true  worth  will  quicker  bring  a  reward  than  in  the  United  States. 
An  instance  of  the  truth  of  this  statment  appears  in  the  case  of  Mr. 
Robert  T.  Aklow,  82  Water  Street,  Georgetown.  This  well  known, 
energetic  and  successful  business  man  is  an  example  where  industry  and 
careful  management  have  led  to  unqualified  success.  Mr.  Arlov.-  started 
business  here  in  the  year  18G5.  his  cash  capital  being  only  five  dollars. 
Being  ambitious,  prudent  and  withal  determined  to  succeed,  he  kept 
constantly  increasing  his  business  and  using  all  possible  means  to  advance 
his  interests,  and  to-day  he  is  the  owner  of  considerable  property.  His 
active  and  energetic  manner  of  doing  business,  combined  with  his  genial 
and  pleasant  manners,  has  made  him  very  popular,  and  his  "  Cottage ^  is 
xhe  resort  of  all  whose  business  requires  their  attention  along  the  river 
front.  His  Wines,  Liquors  and  Cigars  are  selected  with  especial  care 
as  to  their  excellence  and  purity. 

Mr.  Arlow  is  the  founder  of  his  own  property,  and  is  entitled  to  great 
credit  for  the  many  business  qualities  he  possesses. 


148        PROMINENT   MERCANTILE  FIRMS — GEORGETOWN. 

CAPITA!.   FLOUR   MILLS. 

W.    H.    TENNEY    &    SONS. 

Among  the  many  celebrated  Flour  Mills  of  Georgetown,  there  is  none 
whose  specialties  stand  higher  for  purity,  and  command  more  ready 
market  than  these  Mills. 

W.  H.  Tenney  &  Sons,  owners  and  proprietors,  established  the  Mills 
in  1870,  and  since  then,  have  been  constently  employed  in  producing 
from  one  hundred  to  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  barrels  per  day.  The 
special  brands  which  have  gained  an  extensive  reputation  for  superior 
quality,  and  unsurpassed  excellence,  are  Tenney's  Hungarian  Process, 
Tenney's  Best  Family  and  John  Davidson's  Family. 

SHIP   AND   CANAL   STORES. 

A  .    H  .    BRADT. 

One  of  the  distinctive  features  of  business  in  Georgetown,  is  that  of 
supplying  vessels  and  canal  boats  with  all  needful  supplies.  The  most 
prominent  establishment  engaged  in  this  class  of  business,  is  that  of  Mr. 
A.  H.  Bradt,  who  is  1<  tcated  on  the  Canal,  near  the  Goal  Elevators.  Here  can 
be  found  every  article  needed  by  vessels  and  canal  boats,  including 
Groceries,  Liquors,  all  kinds  of  Feed,  Ship  and  Canal  Stores.  Mr.  B. 
has  an  experience  of  over  27  years  in  this  business,  and  is  well  qualified 
to  realize  the  wants,  and  supply  the  demands  of  the  trade.  Mr.  Bradt 
makes  a  specialty  of  the  celebrated  ,l  Horsey  Whiskey,"1  from  Burketts- 
ville,  Frederick  County,  Maryland.  This  is  kept  in  stock  and  has  an  age 
of  six  years,  also  the  "  Golden  Gate,"  this  is  purely  a  straight  Rye 
Whiskey  of  superior  quality  and  flavor. 

PIONEER   MILLS. 

HERR    &    CTSSEL. 

Justly  celebrated  for  the  manufacture  of  Flour  as  Georgetown  has 
become,  no  brands  have  attracted  more  attention  and  found  their  way  to 
family  use  than  those  produced  by  the  above  Mills,  this  is  in  a  great 
measure  attributed  to  the  present  proprietors,  Messrs.  Herr  &  ClSBBli. 
Mr.  Geo.  W.  Cissel  has  spent  a  life-time  in  perfecting  the  different  pro- 
cesses by  winch  their  brands  are  recognized,  viz :  Centennial  1st  Premium, 
Great  Swiss  Process,  Deener  &  Cissel  Fancy,  A.  H.  Herr's  Best,  and  the 
Peerless  Family  Flours.     Capacity  of  Mills,  300  barrels  per  day. 


PROMINENT   MERCANTILR   FIRMS — GEORGETOWN.         149 

BORDEN   MENING    COMPANY. 

S.    H.    SHERMAN.    GENERAL    SUPERINTENDENT. 

This  Company  was  organized  in  1852,  and  located  at  Alexandria,  Va., 
but  was  afterwards  removed  to  Georgetown,  in  1857.  The  Company  was 
formed  for  the  purpose  of  mining  and  supplying  the  eastern  market 
with  Cumberland  Coal.  Some  idea  of  the  extent  of  their  operations 
may  be  inferred  from  the  fact  that  they  ship  annually  about  one  hundred 
and  fifty  thousand  tons,  giving  employment  to  one  hundred  and  fifty 
hands.  Mr.  S.  H.  Sherman  the  General  Superintendent,  has  been  con- 
nected with  the  Company  ever  since  its  formation,  and  is  a  gentleman  of 
enlarged  experience,  and  thoroughly  posted  in  the  affairs  of  the  Com- 
pany.    He  is  assisted  by  W.  H.  Masters,  son  of  the  former  agent. 

Their  office  is  located  at  the  Uj/pcr  Coal  Wharf]  near  the  Coal  Elevators. 


AGRICULTURAL     IMPLEMENTS     AND     FERTIL- 
IZERS. 

G.    T.    DUNLAP. 

A  farmer  desirous  of  Implements  of  any  kind,  with  which  to  plant, 
work  or  secure  his  crops,  or  Fertilizers  that  will  both  insure  good  crops, 
and  permanently  improve  his  lands,  is  compelled  in  a  great  measure  to  rely 
on  the  representations  of  the  manufacturer.  Such  an  establishment  will 
be  found  at  the  South-  West  corner  Bridge  and  High  Streets,  Georgetown, 
G.  T.  Dunlap,  Proprietor.  Here  he  will  find  ever  article  useful  upon  a 
farm.  Mr.  Dunlap  has  an  experience  of  twenty  years  in  the  business, 
and  established  the  present  house  in  1870,  and  the  extensive  patronage 
enjoyed  gives  evidence  of  the  superiority  of  its  specialties.  His  stock 
embraces  every  thing  in  the  line  of  Agricultural  Implements,  Machinery, 
Farmers'  Hardware  and  Seeds,  which  comprises  the  largest  and  most 
carefully  selected  in  the  city.  To  give  some  idea  of  the  varied  assort- 
ment of  articles  on  hand,  mention  may  be  made  of  the  "  Syracuse  Chilled 
Plow,"  "  A\ "heeler  No.  G  Mower  and  Reaper  Combined,''  "  Osburn's 
Self-Binding  Harvester,''  Single  Reapers.  Single  Mowers,  either  front  or 
rear  cut,  Whitinghouse  Threshers  and  Cleaners,  also  his  Improved 
Clover  and  Grain  Threshers,  Genuine  .Malta  Shovel  Plows,  Portable 
Steam  Engines,  the  Buckeye  Grain  and  Phosphate  Drill,  Taylor's  Horse 
Rakes,  Corn  Shellers,  Hay  Tedders,  Wheat  Fans,  Hay  and  Fodder  Cut- 
ters, Cucumber  Wood  Pumps,  Harrows  and  Cultivators,  Clover  and 
Timothy  Seeds,  Garden  Seeds,  Plaster  and  all  kinds  of  Guanos  at  Manu- 
facturers' prices. 


150        PROMINENT   MERCANTILE  FIRMS — GEORGETOWN. 

He  is  also  the  manufacturer  of  Dunlap's  Maximum  Fertilizer  and  Dun- 
lap's  Ammoniated  Bone;  these  manures  are  carefully  prepared,  possess 
unusual  strength,  and  wherever  they  have  been  thoroughly  tested,  are 
pronounced  to  be  all  that  is  claimed  for  them.  First,  that  they  are  the 
best  Fertilizers  on  the  market,  both  as  promoters  of  rapid  growth  of 
crops  and  permanent  improvers  of  the  soil.  Second,  that  they  are  adapted 
to  any  crop,  and  farmers  who  have  not  given  them  a  trial  are  advised  to 
do  so.  Mr.  Dunlap  is  a  gentleman  of  enlarged  experience  and  thor- 
oughly acquainted  with  every  detail  of  his  extensive  business,  and 
farmers  can  depend  on  his  representations. 


I/UMBER    TRADE. 

JOS.    &    J.    E.    LI  BBEY. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  business  features  of  Georgetown,  is  the 
trade  in  Lumber,  for  which  her  water  facilities  admirably  adapt  her. 
Among  her  most  extensive  and  prosperous  Lumber  dealers,  is  the  firm  of 
Jos.  &  J.  E.  Libbey,  whose  father  established  the  business  now  owned 
and  controlled  by  them,  nearly  half  a  century  ago.  The  magnitude  of 
their  operations  may,  in  a  degree,  be  estimated  by  the  extent  of  their 
facilities  for  conducting  them.  They  have  three  yards  covering  an  area, 
in  the  aggregate,  of  over  four  acres,  with  a  water  front  of  two  hundred 
and  thirty  feet,  the  whole  of  which  space  is  occupied  by  them  in  their 
business.  They  give  employment  to  a  number  of  hands  in  the  work  of 
handling  the  lumber,  and  in  performing  the  labor  incident  to  the  busi- 
ness of  receiving  and  shipping.  Their  offices  are  located  at  27  Water 
Street,  and  are  handsomely  and  comfortably  arranged  for  the  rapid 
transaction  of  business,  and  the  convenience  of  their  customers.  Their 
specialty  is  in  Hard  Wood  Lumber,  they  being  the  only  house  in  the 
District  that  keep  on  hand  a  constant  supply  of  White  Oak,  Ash,  Wal- 
nut, White  and  Yellow  Pine,  Shingles,  Pickets,  Laths,  and  all  kinds  of 
Building  Lumber.  Their  trade  extends  to  sections  remote  from  George- 
tow..,  though  they  chiefly  supply  the  demands  in  the  District  and  adja- 
cent counties.  The  trade  attractions  of  the  establishment  are  unsurpassed, 
and  the  gentlemen  of  the  firm  are  deserving  of  the  success  that  has 
attended  their  energy  and  enterprise.  In  the  office  will  be  found  a 
venerable  attache  of  the  family  and  the  business  of  the  Messrs.  Libbey, 
"Uncle  Crusey, "  an  old  colored  man,  who  for  forty  six-years  has  been 
unremittingly  faithful  to  the  trusts  reposed  in  him  by  the  father  and  sons 
in  whose  service  he  has  worked,  and  of  whose  interests  he  has  always 
been  watchful.  His  fidelity  has  gained  for  him  an  affectionate  place  in 
the  hearts  of  his  "  young  masters, "  who  reckon  among  their  greatest 
pleasures,  that  of  providing  for  his  comfort. 


PROMINENT  MERCANTILE  FIRMS — GEORGETOWN.         151 

HARDWARE,    IRO\    AND    STEEL. 

H  .     P  .     GILBERT. 

There  is  always  some  one  in  every  city  and  town  who  by  his  ability 
and  enterprise  pushes  to  the  front  and  becomes  a  public  benefactor,  by 
utilizing  the  facilities  for  trade  and  laying  the  foundations  for  increasing 
business  and  extension  of  labor.  Prominent  among  this  class  of  men 
appears  the  name  of  H.  P.  Gilbert,  who  located  himself  in  Georgetown 
in  1863,  at  93  Water  Street,  near  High,  where  he  has  established  a  busi- 
ness that  is  second  to  none  in  the  city.  His  business  consists  of  Hard- 
ware, Iron  and  Steel  of  all  sizes,  either  for  sale  or  rent,  including  Blocks,, 
Jacks,  Dirt  and  Stone  Barrows,  Harness,  Tug  Boats,  Scows,  &c. 

Some  idea  of  the  extensive  nature  of  his  business  may  be  formed  from 
the  fact  that  he  gives  employment  to  from  fifty  to  seventy-five  men  in  the 
various  branches  of  his  extensive  business. 

Mr.  Gilbert  is  engaged  in  many  other  industries  that  have  for  their 
object  the  improvement  and  prosperity  of  the  community,  foremost  of 
which  is  the  Potomac  Bltje  Stone  Quarries,  on  the  Potomac  Rirer, 
located  above  Georgetown.  This  Stone  is  of  a  bright  blue  color  and  is  in 
every  respect  equal  to  granite,  and  can  be  cut  into  any  shape.  As  a  build- 
ing stone,  for  durability  and  beauty  it  has  no  equal  in  this  section  of 
the  country.  The  new  Georgetown  College  is  constructed  from  stone 
taken  from  these  Quarries;  it  is  also  extensively  used  for  foundations  and 
paving  purposes,  and  has  given  universal  satisfaction. 

Mr.  Gilbert,  by  his  liberal  spirit  and  enterprise,  has  gained  a  wide-spread 
reputation  for  upright  and  honorable  dealing.  Several  warehouses  are 
brought  into  requisition  for  the  requirements  of  his  extensive  business, 
including  everything  from  a  Nail  to  a  Steam  Engine. 

He  is  also  the  builder  and  owner  of  several  Boats  that  daily  ply  up 
and  down  the  river,  which  are  marvels  of  beauty,  power  and  speed. 


CIGARS   &    TOBACCO. 

PETER   J.    MAY. 

In  some  form  or  other,  Tobacco  has  become  of  almost  universal  use ; 
economy  suggests  the  Pipe,  but  in  this  country,  the  greatest  demand  is 
exhibited  for  the  Cigar.  Mr.  Peter  J.  May  is  a  Practical  Manufacturer 
of  Cigars,  and  is  located  at  93  High  Street,  Oeorgetoicn,  where  he  makes  a 
specialty  of  the  "  Rose  Bud;  "  this  is  a  finely  flavored  Cigar,  and  gives 
great  satisfaction  to  the  lovers  of  the  weed. 


152        PROMINENT   MERCANTILE   FIRMS — GEORGETOWN. 

GROCERIES   AND   LIQUORS. 

WILLIAM    A.  OFFUTT   &    BROTHER. 

No  0:  e  will  deny  that  the  most  important  business  interests  in  any 
community  are  those  which  supply  the  public  demand  for  food.  The 
importance  of  purity  and  quality  in  every  article  of  food,  renders  the 
business  of  supplying  this  demand  one  which  should  be  entrusted  only 
to  reliable  persons. 

Representatives  of  this  class  of  Merchants  will  be  found  in  the  firm  of 
William  A.  Offutt  &  Bro.,  South- East  corner  Bridge  and  High  Streets, 
Georgetown,  dealers  in  Fine  Groceries,  Liquors,  and  all  kinds  of  Country 
Produce;  among  their  various  brands  of  Whiskeys,  they  make  a  spe- 
cialty of  the  "  Jockey  Club  "  and  "  Baker  "  brands,  both  of  which  are 
fine  and  exquisitely  flavored,  and  of  the  greatest  purity.  The  business 
of  this  house  was  established  in  1840,  and  after  several  changes,  finally 
succeeded  to  the  "  Bros.  Offutt."  The  Stock  includes,  beside  all  Staple 
Groceries,  every  thing  coming  under  the  head  of  "  Fancy  Groceries," 
which  comprise  Pickles,  Sauces,  Fancy  Biscuits,  Canned    Fruits,  etc. 

The  Messrs.  Offutt  are  young  men,  who  by  energy  and  enterprise  have 
established  an  extensive  business  throughout  the  County  of  Montgomery, 
and  by  their  experience  are  better  enabled  to  supply  the  wants  of  the 
Planters  and  Farmers,  from  the  fact  of  their  realizing  their  exact  wants 
and  desires.  Such  is  the  extent  of  their  business,  that  they  occupy  the 
entire  building  of  five  stories,  including  the  cellar. 


GRAIN,    FEED    AND    HAY. 

D.    B.   JACKSON. 

The  facilities  and  improvements  in  Baling  Hay  and  Grinding  Feed  for 
Stock,  has  improved  so  rapidly  in  the  past  few  years,  that  this  branch  of 
trade  has  assumed  important  relations  in  the  various  branches  of  busi- 
ness. One  of  the  largest  and  most  extensive  depots  of  this  description 
is  that  of  Mr.  D.  B.  Jackson,  110  High  Street,  Georgetown,  Wholesale 
and  Retail  Dealer  in  all  kinds  of  Grain,  Feed  and  Baled  Hay. 

Mr.  Jackson's  enlarged  experience  in  this  branch  of  Business,  is  such 
as  to  guarantee  purchasers  that  all  articles  sold  are  just  as  represented. 
This  building  is  another  of  the  old  land-marks  of  Georgetown,  having 
been  built  about  seventy  years  ago,  by  Mr.  Noble  Hurdle,  who  is  said  to 
have  shaken  hands  with  every  President  save  that  of  the  present  incum- 
bent, Mr.  Hayes. 


PROMINENT    MERCANTILE    FIRMS— GEORGETOWN.  L53 

COMMISSION     MERCHANTS. 

HARTLEY   &    BROTHER. 

There  is  not  a  city  in  the  country  of  its  size  that  handles  and  manu- 
factures as  much  Grain  and  Flour  as  Georgetown.  The  immense  Flouring 
Mills,  using  hundreds  of  thousands  of  bushels  annually— besides  which 
the  shipment,  both  by  rail  and  water,  open  up  a  large  and  extensive  field 
of  operations  for  the  Commission  Merchant,  Broker  and  Shipper. 
Prominent  among  this  class  of  Merchants,  from  the  extent  of  their  busi- 
ness and  commercial  integrity,  is  the  old  and  established  linn  of  Hart- 
ley  &  Bbothebs,  95,  99,  101  Water  Street,  Dealers  in  Flour,  Grain,  and 
General  Commission  Merchants.  This  firm  has  been  established  since 
L854,  and  occupy  three  warehouses  with  a  combined  capacity  of  storing 
thirty  thousand  bushels  of  Wheat. 


HYDRAULIC    CEMENT    A    CALCINED    PLASTER. 

J.    G.   &  J.    M  .    WATERS, 

General  Commisssion  Merchants,  and  Agents  for  Round  Top  Hydraulic 
Cement  and  Red  Beach  Calcined  Plaster,  28  High  Street,  fronting  imme- 
diately on  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal  is  one  of  the  oldest  Commission 
Houses  in  the  City,  having  been  established  by  Mr.  Geo.  Waters  some 
twenty  years  ago.  All  kinds  of  Grain  is  received  on  Consignment,  and 
Cash  Advances  made  and  the  interests  of  the  Consignee  carefully  pro- 
tected. They  have  several  Warehouses,  with  a  storage  capacity  of  fifty 
thousand  bushels.  They  are  also  extensive  dealers  in  Red  Beach  Cal- 
cined Plaster  and  Cement. 


HATS,    CAPS,    Ac. 

J.    O.    BARRON. 

This  business,  especially  in  the  large  cities  and  towns,  to  be  carried  on 
successfully,  requires  persons  of  more  than  ordinary  ability  and  judg- 
ment. As  styles  are  constantly  changing  with  every  season,  and  as  every 
one  who  purchases  a  hat  desires  to  have  one  in  the  prevailing  fashion, 
the  dealer  must  exercise  care  and  judgment  in  the  selection  of  his  stock, 
so  as  to  be  able  to  satisfy  the  demands  of  his  customers.  Mr.  J.  O. 
Barron,  120  Bridge  Street,  from  his  long  experience  is  eminently  fitted 
for  this  branch  of  business,  as  his  well  selected  assortment  of  Hats,  Caps, 
&c,  including  Umbrellas  and  Canes,  will  attest. 
11 


154        PROMINENT   MERCANTILE   FIRMS — GEORGETOWN. 

FAMILY     GROCERIES. 

EUGENE     T.     LYDDANE. 

A  Family  Grocery  is  an  essential  part  of  every  community  and  of  great 
convenience  to  families,  farmers  and  planters  who  prefer  to  make  small 
purchases  and  buy  often,  thus  enabling  them  to  have  fresh  and  pure 
articles.  Such  an  establishment  is  that  of  Mr.  Eugene  T.  Lyddane, 
115  High  Street,  Georgetown.  His  stock  embraces  every  variety  of  Staple 
and  Fancy  Groceries,  including  Teas,  Coffees,  Sugars,  Spices,  Soaps, 
Starches,  Canned  Goods,  Preserves,  Jellies,  Flour,  Hams,  Sides,  Shoulders, 
<fec.  Mr.  Lyddane  is  a  native  of  Montgomery,  and  has  hosts  of  friends 
throughout  the  County,  and  as  his  store  is  located  on  the  principal 
thoroughfare  leading  into  the  city  from  the  County,  it  is  no  unusual 
sight  to  see  the  street  in  front  of  the  store  lined  with  wagons  and  car- 
riages from  the  country.  The  entire  building,  which  is  three  stories  in 
height,  is  occupied  for  carrying  on  the  extensive  business,  including  the 
Storage  of  Country  Produce.  One  hundred  years  ago  this  building  was 
occupied  as  a  public  inn,  and  is  one  of  the  old  land-marks  of  the  city. 
In  the  early  colonial  days  it  was  a  famous  resort  for  the  tobacco  planters 
and  farmers,  where  they  used  to  congregate  and  discuss  the  topics  of 
the  day  and  relate  the  incidents  of  the  last/02;  hunt. 


DRY    GOODS,     tfOTIOtfS,    «fcc. 

GIBBONS     &     BURROUGHS. 

Of  the  entire  commerce  of  the  country,  the  trade  in  the  above  business 
in  its  extensive  details  is  larger  than  that  of  any  other,  and  no  class  of 
mercantile  establishments  contribute  more  to  the  life  and  prosperity  of 
a  City  than  those  engaged  in  the  sale  of  Dry  Goods,  Notions,  &c;  nor 
do  any  class  answer  so  important  a  purpose  in  advancing  and  promoting 
the  business  relations  of  a  City.  In  this  department  of  trade  and  worthy 
of  note  is  the  firm  of  Gibbons  &  Burroughs,  130  Bridge  Street.  Their 
stock  is  the  largest  in  the  City,  and  is  selected  with  especial  care  and 
adapted  to  the  requirements  of  their  customers,  embracing  both  Foreign 
and  Domestic,  such  as  Ladies'  and  Gents'  Furnishings,  Black  and  Colored 
Dress  Silks,  Hamburg  Laces,  Ribbons,  Housekeeping  Linens,  Notions, 
Sun  Umbrellas,  Black  Crapes,  White  and  Colored  Dress  Goods,  Kid 
Gloves,  &c.  The  gentlemen  comprising  the  firm  have  an  experience  of 
twenty-five  years  in  handling  this  class  of  goods,  which  gives  them  great 
advantage  in  making  their  selections,  being  constantly  on  the  look-out 
for  novelties.     Combined  with  their   facilities  for  conducting  the  busi- 


PROMINENT    MERCANTILE   FIRMS — GEORGETOWN.         155 

ness,  they  are  enabled  to  offer  inducements  to  purchasers  that  less  favored 
houses  are  unable  to  do.  Entering  the  business  when  young  men,  they 
have  grown  up  with  Georgetown  and  have  identified  themselves  with 
her  material  interests,  and  by  enterprise  and  energy,  have  established  a 
large  and  increasing  business. 


NEW     EXPRESS    EINE. 

G.    F.    HYDE,     AGENT. 

This  line  was  established  in  1855,  and  has  been  an  important  factor  in 
the  industrial  pursuits  of  the  District  of  Columbia  since  that  time.  The 
Steamers  of  this  line  run  between  Georgetown,  Washington,  Alexandria 
and  Philadelphia,  transporting  between  Philadelphia  and  intermediate 
points  over  twelve  thousand  tons  annually,  consisting  principally  of 
Flour  from  Georgetown,  returning  with  General  Merchandise.  Trips 
are  made  weekly  each  way.  The  General  Managers  are  W.  P.  Clyde, 
12  South  Wharves,  Philadelphia.  Mr.  G.  F.  Hyde,  the  Agent  in  George- 
town, has  had  control  of  this  end  of  the  line  for  the  past  eight  years,  and 
by  his  energy  and  enterprise  is  due  in  a  great  measure  the  success  of  the 

Company. 

—  ♦ 

STEAM  DYEING  AND  CLEANING. 

WILLIAM    H.    WHEATLEY. 

The  business  or  art  of  Dyeing  and  Cleaning,  has  grown  to  be  a  very 
important  industry  of  this  country,  and  affords  means  of  subsistence  to 
many  worthy  persons.  One  of  the  oldest  houses  in  this  business,  in  the 
United  States,  is  that  of  William  H.  Wheatlky,  49  Jefferson  Street^ 
Georgetown-,  which  was  founded  by  Mr.  Wheatley's  uncle-iTfl83l7and 
has  since  that  date  enjoyed  the  entire  confidence  of  the  community,  and 
a  wide  reputation  for  satisfactory  execution  of  work.  The  present  pro- 
prietor succeeded  to  the  business  in  1855,  and  is  constantly  increasing 
the  facilities,  and  enlarging  the  business  relations  of  the  house.  His 
trade  is  extensive  throughout  the  District  and  adjacent  States,  nearly 
every  mail  or  express  receiving  or  delivering  packages.  His  building  is 
large  and  commodious,  where  he  employs  a  large  number  of  the  most 
skilled  and  practical  dyers,  and  uses  the  most  improved  machinery, 
which  is  propelled  by  a  forty  horse-power  engine.  In  the  Dyeing  and 
Cleansing  of  Ladies'  Dresses,  Shawls,  Sacques,  Ties,  Ribbons,  Gents' 
Coats,  Pants  and  Vests,  the  work  is  always  done  in  a  neat  and  durable 
manner;  the  colors  being  fast  and  will  neither  rub  off  nor  fade.  Mr. 
Wheatley  is  a  man  that  can  be  relied  upon  in  every  particular,  and  is 
worthy  of  a  liberal  patronage. 


156        PROMINENT   MERCANTILE   FIRMS — GEORGETOWN. 

RETAIL    GROCERY. 

JOHN    LYDDANE. 

Dealer  in  Family  Groceries,  South-  West  corner  of  High,  and  First  Streets, 
Georgetown,  adopted  as  his  watchword  "Promptness"  over  twelve  years  ago, 
and  since  that  time  has  demonstrated  the  fact  that  purity  of  goods,  and 
promptness  in  business  transactions  will  assuredly  be  rewarded  with 
success. 


MINERAL    WATER    MANUFACTORY. 

SAMUEL    C.    PALMER. 

The  popularity  of  Mineral  Waters,  combined  with  their  health-giving 
properties,  has  created  such  an  extensive  demand,  that  establishments 
for  their  manufacture  and  bottling  have  been  established  in  all  the  larger 
cities.  One  of  the  most  extensive,  South  of  Baltimore,  is  that  of  Mr. 
Samuel,  C.  Palmer,  57  Green  Street,  Georgetown.  He  is  also  Agent  for 
Massey's  Philadelphia  Ale  and  Schlitz's  Milwaukee  Lager.  This  busi- 
ness was  established  in  1802,  and  has  been  in  successful  operation  ever 
since.  Some  idea  of  the  extent  of  the  business  may  be  inferred  from 
the  fact  that  as  many  as  two  thousand  dozen  bottles  have  been  delivered 
in  a  single  day.  Mr.  Palmer  also  deals  extensively  in  Bass'  Ale,  Guin- 
ness' Stout,  Belfast  Ginger  Ale,  Catawba  Wine,  Cider  and  Cider  Vinegar. 


LAGER   BEER   RREWERY. 

MRS.    SIMON     DENTZE. 

The  consumption  of  Lager  Beer  in  the  United  States  has  become  so 
enormous  in  the  past  few  years,  that  its  production  has  became  an  im- 
portant factor  in  the  wealth  of  the  country.  In  1870,  Mr.  Simox  Dentze 
established  a  Lager  Beer  Brewery,  at  38,  40  and  42  Green  Street,  George- 
town, this  was  the  tirst  attempt  at  brewing  Beer  in  the  town ;  the  experi- 
ment was  successful. 

Mr.  Dentze,  by  his  energy  and  the  superior  quality  of  his  Beer,  estab- 
lished a  large  and  lucrative  business,  not  only  embracing  the  City  of 
Georgetown  and  the  surrounding  country,  but  encroaching  extensively 
on  Washington  City.  At  the  death  of  Mr.  Dentze,  his  wife  took  entire 
charge  of  the  business,  and  has  added  many  improvements.  The  Beer 
being  manufactured  strictly  from  pure  Malt  and  Hops,  is  recommended 
by  Physicians  as  a  pure  and  efficacious  tonic,  for  those  who  are  suffering 
from  debility. 


PROMINENT   MERCANTILE    FIRMS— GEORGETOWN.         157 

KAISER'S 
HOTEL    AND     RESTAURANT. 

Farmers  and  those  having  business  in  Georgetown,  will  find  comfort- 
able quarters  and  good  cheer,  including  Oysters  in  every  style.  Fish  and 
Game  in  season  at  Mr.  Kaisku's  Eotbl,  91  and  93  High  street.  Mr. 
Kaiser  came  to  Georgetown  in  1853,  and  immediately  identified  him- 
self with  the  interests  of  the  people,  and  opened   his  present  place  in 

Be  is  assisted  by  his  son  E.  C.  Kaiser,  who  is  a  "chip  of  tie 
block."  and   realizes  the  wants  of  the  public,  and  by  his  pains-taking 
and  courtesy  has  secured  the  mutual  confidence  of  the  public. 

At  his  eating  bar,  Mr.  Kaiser  makes  a  specialty  of  Steamed  Oysters, 
also  Shucked  Oysters  supplied  to  families  in  any  quantity. 

Mr.  Kaiser  was  placed  in  charge,  in  1876,  of  the  Agency  of  U.  B. 
MUTUAL  Aid  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  the  object  of  which  is  the 
relief  of  the  families  of  its  members  after  death.  Eight  dollars  paid  for 
membership  and  five  dollars  annually  for  four  years,  and  two  dollars 
annually  during  life,  with  a  pro  rata  mortality  assessment  in  ca- 
death,  will  entitle  each  member  to  a  certificate  of  one  thousand  dollars, 
to  be  paid  at  his  death  to  his  legal  heirs,  or  assignees,  whenever  such 
event  may  occur.  This  Society  is  one  that  recommends  itself  to  every 
one  who  desires  to  provide  for  his  family  in  case  of  death. 


PROMINENT  MERCANTILE  FIRMS 


OF 


WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


DRUGS    AND    CHEMICALS. 

STOTT    &    CROMWELL. 

In  a11  the  large  centres  of  population  the  Drug  Business  is  of  such  a 
character  and  extent  as  to  claim  prominent  position  in  the  dominion  of 
trade.  The  articles  dealt  in  are  of  such  a  nature,  and  the  relations 
existing  between  the  Physician,  Pharmacist  and  Jobber  are  such,  that 
not  only  are  the  cardinal  business  virtues  called  for,  but  also  a  special 
knowledge  of  the  qualities  and  properties  of  goods,  such  as  is  never 
required  in  general  mercantile  life. 

When  an  enviable  reputation  and  success  has  been  acquired  in  this 
department  of  trade,  it  is  evident  that  the  essential  qualifications  above 
alluded  to  are  possessed  in  a  high  degree,  and  such  is  the  case  with  the 
house  which  is  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  Messrs.  Stott  &  Cromwell, 
480  Pennsylvania  Avenue. 

The  business  of  this  house  was  established  by  John  F.  Clark,  and 
then  succeeded  by  Mr.  Stott  in  1835,  the  senior  member  of  the  firm. 
The  entire  building  is  occupied  by  the  various  departments  of  their 
extensive  business,  consisting  of  the  most  complete  assortment  of  Drugs, 
Chemicals  and  Patent  Medicines,  South  of  Baltimore.  Three  floors  and 
the  basement  are  heavily  stocked  with  Chemicals,  Drugs  and  Medicines, 
both  those  comprehended  in  the  "Materia  Medica,"  and  others  of  a  pro- 
prietary nature.  Many  of  the  latter  have  been  a  long  time  before  the 
public  and  have  attained  high  and  merited  distinction.  They  are  also 
extensive  dealers  in  Mineral  Spring  Waters,  including  the  celebrated 
Bethesda  Waters,  of  which  they  are  agents,  which  has  gained  such  a 
world-wide  reputation  for  the  cure  of  Dyspepsia,  Liver  and  Bilious 
Affections,  and  that  much-dreaded  "Blight's  Disease"  of  the  Kidneys, 
and  Diabetes. 


PROMINENT   MERCANTILE  FIRMS — WASHINGTON.  159 

Their  stock  of  Perfumery,  Toilet  Articles,  Dye-Stuffs,  Sponges  and 
Chamois  are  large,  and  selected  with  special  care  for  the  requirements  of 
their  constantly  increasing  trade. 

The  business  of  the  House  in  every  respect  is  in  a  most  flourishing 
condition.  The  members  of  the  firm  and  salesmen  are  pains-taking  and 
efficient,  and  it  is  but  just  to  them  to  express  the  conviction  that  no 
more  conscientious  and  capable  representatives  of  a  peculiarly  responsi- 
ble business  can  be  found. 

Farmers  and  Planters  desirous  of  securing  fresh  Drugs  and  Medicines, 
will  find  it  greatly  to  their  advantage  to  visit  the  Store  of  the  Messrs. 
Stott  &  Cromwell.  Mr.  Cromwell,  the  junior  partner,  is  a  native  of 
Montgomery  County,  and  has  a  lively  interest  in  its  future  prosperity 
and  growth.  The  gentlemen  of  the  firm  are  experienced  in  the  different 
branches  of  the  business,  and  by  their  energy,  enterprise  and  public 
spirit,  have  earned  a  reputation  for  honorable  and  fair  dealing  that  has 
secured  them  their  present  position.  May  it  continue  to  hold  the  repu- 
tation it  has  always  enjoyed,  as  the  Leading  Drug  House  in  the 
District  of  Columbia. 


"  CONFECTIONERY." 

CARL    MUELLER   &   SON. 

The  immense  and  constantly  increasing  demand  for  Confectionery  of 
every  description,  both  of  French  and  American  manufacture,  has 
stimulated  the  energies  of  the  people,  who  have  in  this  respect  put  forth 
every  effort  that  capital  and  enterprise,  animated  by  the  incentive  that 
promotes  the  industrial  millions  of  the  Western  Continent,  to  compete 
with  Foreign  Manufactories.  The  American  Manufactories  are  far 
excelling  the  older  establishments  of  the  East,  and  her  leading  houses 
are  now  enjoying  a  world- wide  reputation  that  gives  evidence  that  they 
are  not  only  able  to  compete  with  their  Foreign  competitors,  but  they 
are  enabled,  owing  to  central  location  and  the  production  of  the  raw 
material,  to  manufacture  an  article  that  will  stand  the  test  of  climate, 
and  is  capable  of  shipment  to  every  part  of  the  Globe.  Notable  repre- 
sentatives of  Wholesale  Confectioners  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  is 
Oibi  Mri-'i.i.Ki;  &  Sow,  gl  :  Ptomayhama  Avenue,  Wcuhington,  />•  C, 
Manufacturers  of  French  and  American  Confectionery,  embracing  every 
description  of  French  Candies— including  Caromels,  Nut  and  Fruit 
Confections,  Toy  Candies.  Sugar  Kisses,  Stick,  Fragment  and  Rock 
Candies,  including  all  the  different  flavors,  with  Gum  and  Fruit  Drops 
in  every  conceivable  shape—  such  as  Pears,  Peaches,  Grapes,  etc.  They 
are  also  large  and  extensive  dealers   in  Holiday  Goods,  such  as  Toys, 


160         PROMINENT   MERCANTILE   FIRMS — WASHINGTON. 

Fire-Works  and  Fruit  Baskets,  handsomely  arranged  and  very  artistic, 
suitable  for  presents  and  souvenirs. 

Mr.  Carl  Mueller  has  a  practical  experience  of  thirty-five  years  as  a 
Manufacturer  of  Confectionery,  and  through  the  assistance  of  his  son, 
George  J.  Mueller,  has  been  enabled  to  illustrate  the  fact  that  an  estab- 
lishment, founded  on  perfect  business  principles,  combining  the  essential 
elements  that  contribute  to  the  production  of  a  pure  article,  will  meet 
with  that  deserved  success  that  always  follows  those  who  are  deserving 
public  patronage. 

Their  place  of  business  is  centrally  located  on  the  Avenue,  occupying 
the  entire  building,  including  the  extension  built  expressly  for  the  pur- 
pose of  introducing  the  modern  improvements  in  machinery,  and  the 
appliances  of  skillful  labor  in  the  various  branches  of  the  business. 

Exhibition  and  Salks  Department. — The  first  floor,  on  entering  the 
store,  presents  a  magnificent  and  varied  appearance,  being  devoted  to 
the  display  and  sale  of  goods,  embracing  an  assortment  of  every  class  of 
articles,  both  foreign  and  domestic.  In  the  rear  of  which  is  located 
the  office,  which  is  conveniently  arranged  for  the  transaction  of  the  im- 
mense business  that  is  daily  increasing. 

The  Manufacturing  Department. — This  building  is  of  recent  con- 
struction, and  was  built  and  arranged  expressly  for  the  manufacture  of 
Pure  Candies,  and  Confectionery ;  the  basement  of  which  is  used  for  the 
storing  of  Molasses,  Sugar  and  the  raw  materials  used  in  the  various 
branches  of  the  manufactured  articles.  The  first  floor  is  used  for  receiv- 
ing and  packing,  and  is  connected  with  the  upper  floors  by  an 
"Elevator,"  furnishing  safe  and  rapid  communication  through  the 
entire  range  of  floors.  Here  also  are  found  the  great  blazing  furnaces, 
with  "tanks"  or  '-reservoirs"  filled  with  boiling  molasses  and  sugar,  in 
front  of  which  lay  great  broad  cooling  slabs  of  pure  marble,  on  which 
the  moulten  compound  is  poured  and  allowed  to  cool. 

The  second*  floor  is  devoted  to  moulding  the  common  and  cheaper 
grades  of  Candy,  or  'Penny  Goods"  as  they  are  known  to  the  trade. 
Here  also  is  located  the  machinery  for  grinding  Cocoanuts  and  other  arti- 
cles required  in  making  the  many  varieties  that  are  found  in  their  exten- 
sive catalogue.  On  this  floor  is  located  the  great  marble  slabs  upon  which 
the  Celebrated  Chocolate  Caramels,  that  have  gained  such  a  world-wide 
reputation,  are  spread  and  cut  ap. 

The  third  floor  is  designated  the  "  Girls1  Department." — It  is  here 
that  the  fine  French  Rock  and  Fancy  Candies  are  made  and  finished, 
Gum  Drops  and  Kisses  are  wrapped  and  prepared  for  the  market.  The 
Starch  and  Drying  Room  is  also  located  on  this  floor.  None  but 
the  purest  Sugar  and  Molasses  are  used  by  the  Messrs.  Mueller  &  Son, 
which  accounts  for  the  popularity  of  their  goods  and  their  rapidly  increas- 


PROMINENT   MERCANTILE   FIRMS — WASHINGTON.  101 

ing  business.     Such  is  the  extent  of  his  trade  that  he  has  four  wagons 
constantly  employed  on  the  street  delivering  orders. 

Mr.  Mueller  is  ;is  mindful  of  his  Stock  as  he  is  for  the  comfort  of  his 
employes,  for  he  has  recently  at  great  expense  erected,  in  the  rear  of  the 
manufactory,  a  large  and  handsome  stable,  for  the  accommodation  of 
his  horses.  It  is  built  in  the  most  approved  style,  with  a  large  ventilator 
extending  from  the  lower  floors  where  the  stables  are  located,  to  the  roof 
where  it  terminates  in  a  handsome  cupola.  The  floors  are  concreted,  and 
the  bins  are  self-supplying.  The  upper  rooms  are  used  for  feed,  har- 
ness, &c. 

Tn  conclusion,  it  is  but  just  to  say,  that  the  remarkable  success  of  this 
house  must  be  attributed  to  the  strict  integrity  of  character,  and  faith- 
ful adherence  to  honest  dealing  that  has  always  characterized  their 
transactions. 

The  burden  of  the  business  falls  on  the  shoulders  of  the  son,  Mr.  Geo. 
W.  Mueller,  who  is  equal  to  the  task,  and  in  every  way  worthy  the 
cess  that  has  attended  his  efforts.    A  young  man  of  great  energy  combined 
with   strict  business  principles,  he  is  sure   to  reach  a  proud   position 
amongst  the  business  men  of  the  day. 


WHOLESALE    GROCERS     AND     COMMISSION 
MERCHANTS. 

BARBOUR    &    HAMILTON. 

* 

In  Groceries,  Foreign  and  Domestic,  Washington  takes  rank  among 
the  chief  commercial  Cities  of  the  United  States.  Many  of  the  most 
prominent  business  men  who  have  given  it  high  commercial  standing, 
who  have  added  millions  to  its  substantial  wealth,  which  in  many  i 
they  have  nobly  used  for  the  City's  general  welfare  and  improvement, 
have  been  its  Grocery  Merchants.  Prominent  in  this  branch  of  business, 
not  only  as  regards  the  volume  of  business  transacted,  the. extensive 
stock  on  hand,  and  superior  quality  of  their  goods,  but  for  sound 
integrity,  and  commercial  standing  as  honorable  and  upright  dealers,  is 
the  firm  of  Bakbour  &  Hamilton,  637,  639  and  641  Louisiana  Avenue, 
Washington,  D.  C.  This  house  was  established  in  1850,  and  since  that 
time  has  been  the  leading  Wholesale  Grocery  and  Liquor  Establishment 
in  the  District  of  Columbia.  Recognizing  the  fact  in  the  beginning 
that  the  Capital  of  the  Country  was  destined  to  be  one  of  tic-  hand- 
somest Cities  in  the  World,  and  that  her  inhabitants  would  necessarily 
be  comprised  of  the  representative  people,  not  only  of  the  nation,  but  of 
the  whole  globe,  they  determined  to  establish  business  on  a  scale 
that  would  meet  the  requirements  not  only  of  the  City,  but  one  adapted 


162  PROMINENT  MERCANTILE   FIRMS — WASHINGTON. 

to  the  wants  and  demands  of  the  surrounding  counties.  Their  selections 
of  Sugars,  Teas  and  the  Staple  Articles  of  their  Trade,  embrace  all  the 
leading  grades,  and  are  sold  at  the  same  figures  as  those  in  the  Eastern 
Cities,  they  being  in  constant  communication  with  the  principal  foreign 
markets.  They  are  also  extensively  engaged  as  Rectifiers  of  Spirits  and 
Wholesale  Dealers  in  Liquors,  of  which  mention  may  be  made  of  Gaff 
Aurora  Pure  Rye  Whiskeys,  of  1873,  '74  and  '75  Vintage;  John  Gibson, 
Sons  &  Co.,  Whiskeys  of  all  grades,  at  Distillers' prices;  Martinsburg 
Pure  Rye  Whiskeys,  Barbour  &  Hamilton's  X,  XX  and  XXX  Rye  Whis- 
keys; all  of  which  can  be  purchased  at  prices  as  low  as  can  be  obtained 
from  the  Distillery.  They  do  an  extensive  business  as  agents  in  the 
Urbana  Catawba  Wines,  Devoe's  Brilliant  Oil,  (considered  the  Safest 
Illuminator  in  the  World,)  also  for  Harvest  Queen  Family,  and  Silver 
Spring  Extra  Flour.  A  brand  of  Flour  which  calls  for  special  notice  is 
their  "  Our  New  West, "  Patent  Process  Family  Flour,  which  is  unrivalled 
in  the  market. 

Mr.  Barbour  attends  to  the  financial  department  of  the  business,  while 
Mr.  Hamilton  attends  to  the  purchasing,  and  it  will  not  be  amiss  to  state 
that  he  is  the  best  posted  and  closest  buyer  in  the  market. 


, 


WHOLESALE     CiKOCERIES     AXD     LIQUORS 

FRANK    HUME. 

Successor  to  Pool  &  Hume,  454  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  illustrates  the  fact 
that  enterprise  and  energy,  combined  with  strict  integrity  in  business,  is 
sure  to  meet  with  success. 

The  establish ment^of  Mr.  Hume  is  centrally  located  on  the  Avenue, 
and  the  several  floors  of  the  warehouse  are  occupied  in  the  various 
departments  of  his  extensive  business,  giving  employment  to  a  number 
of  salesmen  who  are  kept  constantly  employed  in  filling  orders,  both  for 
City  and  Country.  Mr.  Hume  is  thoroughly  posted  in  every  branch  of 
the  business,  and  persons  can  order  from  a  distance,  with  the  assurance 
that  their  wants  will  be  supplied  with  first-class  articles,  and  at  prices 
that  cannot  fail  to  give  entire  satisfaction.  All  goods  are  carefully 
packed  and  delivered  without  charge  to  the  different  wharves  and 
depots. 

Mr.  Hume  is  Agent  for  Acme  Family  and  Harper's  Ferry  Family  and 
Extra  Flour,  and  Mt.  Summit  and  Brookfield  "Whiskeys.  These  Whiskeys 
are  especially  adapted  and  suited  for  Family,  Hotel  and  Bar  use;  also, 
the  ''Tom  Moore"  Pure  Rye  of  1868  Vintage.  Mr.  Hume's  assortment 
of  Fancy  Groceries,  Canned  Goods  and  Fruits  is  extensive,  and  selected 
with  especial  care  to  meet  the  wants  of  his  customers. 


PROMINENT  MERCANTILE  FIRMS — WASHINGTON.  163 

BOOTS     AXD     SHOES. 

J.    J.    GEORGE. 

The  want  of  a  perfect  fitting  Boot  and  Shoe,  at  the  same  time  com- 
bining elegance  of  style  and  finish,  is  a  want  that  most,  persons  have 
experienced  at  some  time  in  life.  Mr.  J.  J.  George,  2118  Pennsylvania 
Avenue,  North-  West,  Washington,  has  a  practical  experience  of  eighteen 
years  in  the  manufacture  of  Ladies'  and  Gentlemen's  Footings.  Mr. 
George  uses  none  but  the  best  of  material  in  his  work,  and  employs 
none  but  the  most  skilled  and  finished  workmen  in  the  various  branches 
of  the  business.  He  pays  special  attention  to  the  formation  of  the  feet 
in  taking  his  measure,  and  by  a  system  which  is  of  his  own  adoption, 
he  is  enabled  to  adapt  the  Boot  or  Shoe  to  the  shape  of  the  foot,  thus 
ensuring  an  easy  and  well  fitting  article,  that  will  never  give  pain  or 
obstruct  the  easy  grace  and  movement  that  lends  such  a  charm  to  the 
graceful  carriage  of  the  promenader. 

Mr.  George  has  been  for  many  years  an  exhibitor  at  the  Montgomery 
County  Fair,  and  by  the  superior  excellence  and  durability  of  his  work, 
established  quite  an  extensive  trade.  He  makes  a  specialty  of  Sports- 
men and  Farmers'  Boots,  who  are  compelled  to  be  exposed  to  the  snow 
and  slush,  and  has  prepared  for  their  use  a  Leather  Preservative  and 
Waterproof  Oil  Composition,  of  which  he  is  the  Sole  Manufacturer. 
The  object  of  the  Composition  is  to  render  the  leather  soft,  pliable, 
waterproof  and  durable.  He  presents  each  purchaser  with  a  box  of  this 
compound,  which  is  found  to  accomplish  all  that  is  claimed  for  it. 
Such  is  the  rejiutation  of  Mr.  George  for  first-class  work,  that  he  is  in 
daily  receipt  of  orders  from  all  parts  of  the  country ;  officers  in  the 
Navy  and  Army  ordering  from  their  different  Posts  throughout  the 
United  States. 

Another  specialty  which  Mr.  George  pays  great  attention  to,  is  Goat 
Skin  Boots  for  Ladies,  made  strong  and  of  exquisite  finish,  comfortable 
and  durable,  and  in  great  demand  during  the  winter. 


PAINTS,    OIES     AND     VARNISHES. 

GEORGE     RYNEAL,    JR. 

The  use  of  Paints  for  the  adornment  of  habitations  and  their  surround- 
ings, is  at  once  beautifying,  preserving  and  sanitary,  and  no  one  has  con- 
tributed more  to  the  improvement  in  this  branch  of  business,  than 
George  Kyneal,  Jb.,  Dealer  in  Paints,  Oils,  Window  and  Plate  Glass, 
Lamp  Goods,  Artists'   and   Wax  Flower  Materials,  etc.,  639  D  Street, 


164         PROMINENT   MERCANTILE   FIRMS — WASHINGTON. 

North-  West.  The  entire  three  story  building  is  filled  with  Goods,  apper- 
taining to  his  business.  The  commodious  sales  and  display  room  is 
located  on  the  first  floor,  and  is  under  the  immediate  jjersonal  super- 
vision of  Mr.  Ryneal,  where  will  be  found  one  of  the  largest  and  most 
complete  assortments  of  Lamp  Goods,  Artists'  and  Wax  Flower  Mate- 
rials in  the  City.  The  Paints,  Oils  and  Varnishes  are  principally  con- 
fined to  the  cellar,  while  the  Window  and  Plate  Glass,  with  the  lighter 
articles  of  the  trade,  are  distributed  through  the  upper  floors.  He  is 
also  Agent  for  Johnston's  Kalsominc  and  Fresco  Paints  and  Masury  Pre- 
pared Cottage  Paints.  Circulars,  including  Sample  Colors,  are  sent  on 
application. 

Mr.  Ryneal's  business  includes  both  a  large  City  and  Country  trade, 
and  by  his  indomitable  spirit  and  enterprise,  has  acquired  a  reputation 
for  strict  integrity,  fair  dealing  and  business  energy. 


HEATING    .OD    COOKING    STOVES. 

G.    E.     GARTRELL    &    CO. 

The  increase  of  manufactures  and  the  rapid  strides  made  within  a  few 
years  past,  in  all  branches  of  industry,  has  brought  many  improvements 
prominently  before  the  public,  none  more  so  than  those  made  in 
Heating  and  Cooking  Stoves. 

Prominent  among  those  who  have  by  their  experience  and  practical 
knowledge  introduced  the  improvements  mentioned,  are  the  Messrs.  G. 
E.  Gartrell  &  Co.,  Dealers  in  Heating  and  Cooking  Stoves,  Latrobes 
and  Furnaces,  No.  1815  Seventh  Street,  North- West. 

Mr.  Gartrell  has  an  experience  of  sixteen  years  in  this  business,  and  is 
well  qualified  to  realize  the  wants  of  the  public. 

Their  stock,  which  comprises  one  of  the  most  complete  in  the  City, 
embraces  the  Highland  Queen,  which  is  extra  large,  the  Iron  King,  which 
is  especially  adapted  for  farmers  who  burn  wood,  the  fire  box  being 
extra  large  and  suitable  to  their  convenience.  In  their  extensive  assort- 
ment, mention  may  be  made  of  "Bibb's  New  Silver  Palace,"  which  is  a 
Jace  stove,  and  combines  all  the  features  of  old  style,  with  the  new 
improvements  for  heating  rooms  above. 

They  call  the  special  attention  of  Farmers  to  the  "  Harnett  Home  Range" 
which  is  very  large  and  suitable  for  large  families  or  boarding  houses, 
&c. 

Their  stock  of  Household  Furnishing  Goods  is  very  complete,  includ- 
ing Tinware.  Stove  Fixtures,  Wood  and  Willow  Ware,  and  are  sold  at 
prices  that  are  beyond  competition. 

The  gentlemen  comprising  the  firm  are  well  known  in  Montgomery 
County,  who  by  their  pains-taking  efforts  have  secured  a  large  and 
lucrative  trade. 


PROMINENT   MERCANTILE   FIRMS — WASHINGTON.  L66 

CLOTHING    HOUSE. 

A.    SAKS    &    C  O. 

Among  the  many  changes  that  have  taken  place  in  the  last  century,  no 
more  radical  revolutions  has  been  accomplished  than  that  in  the  cutting 
and  making  of  gentlemen's  garments.  Ask  your  grandfathers  or  grand- 
mothers what  trouble  there  was  to  clothe  the  boys,  and  they  will  tell  you 
that  weeks  of  preparation  were  required  to  provide  husband  and  child- 
ren with  the  necessary  Clothing  for  the  season. 

In  that  day  the  countryman  and  farmer  who  wore  "  store  clothes"  was 
considered  a  dandy,  and  the  great  improvement  is  due  to  such  houses  as 
that  of  A.  Saks  &  Co.  whose  large  establishments  in  Washington.  Rich- 
mond and  Lynchburg,  afford  such  excellent  means  for  those  whose  purse 
is  either  lean  or  fat,  to  be  dressed  in  the  most  genteel  and  approved 
styles  at  a  reasonable  cost.  The  cutting,  making  and  trimming  depart- 
ments necessary  to  produce  the  goods  these  large  houses  demand,  are 
worthy  of  a  visit,  and  some  idea  may  be  gained  of  the  immensity  of 
their  trade.  ■ 

When  it  is  stated  that  notwithstanding  all  the  labor-saving  machinery 
employed,  the  firm  have  constantly  at  work  on  their  goods  no  less  than 
one  hundred  and  fifty  Tailors  ;  often  this  number  is  increased  to  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty.  As  Messrs.  Saks  &  Co.  are  always  courteous  to  visitors, 
those  desirous  of  first-class  articles  will  do  well  when  next  in  Washing- 
ton to  call  on  them,  and  they  will  be  seen  to  leave  310  Seventh  Street, 
with  pleasant  recollections. 


CIGARS     AJFI>    TOBACCO. 

GEORGE     W.     COCHRAN     &     CO. 

'Che  establishment  of  George  W.  Cochran  &  Co.,  Wholesale  and 
Retail  Dealers  in  fine  Havana  Cigars,  Chewing  and  Smoking  Tobacco, 
1115  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  is  the  largest  bouse  South  of  Baltimore. 
Here  the  lover  of  the  Weed  can  find  every  brand  of  Cigar,  ranging  from 
fifteen  dollars  to  two  hundred  dollars  per  thousand. 

Mr.  G.  W.  Cochran,  the  senior  member  of  the  firm,  established  the 
business  in  1847,  and  by  strict  attention  to  business  and  a  quick  percep- 
tion to  realize  the  wants  of  the  public,  has  succeeded  in  building  up  the 
extensive  patronage  now  enjoyed  by  the  firm.  Mr.-.J.  W.  Wetherall,  who 
is  associated  with  Mr.  Cochran,  is  a  practical  and  experienced  Tobacconist, 
and  devotes  his  exclusive  time  and  attention  to  the  details  of  the 
business.  Mr.  Cochran  is  a  gentleman  of  enlarged  business  experience, 
and  endowed  \\  ith  great  executive  ability,  which  has  placed  him  at  the 
head  of  several  important  enterprises,  of  which  he  is  President. 


166         PROMINENT   MERCANTILE  FIRMS — WASHINGTON. 

OYSTER    TRADE. 

WILLIAM     TURNER. 

One  of  the  important  branches  of  trade  in  the  District  of  Columbia, 
is  that  of  Oysters  and  Fish.  Some  idea  of  the  amount  of  business  trans- 
acted in  Oysters  alone,  may  be  inferred  from  the  fact  that  over  twenty 
thousand  bushels  of  Oysters  are  brought  to  the  wharves  per  week,  from 
the  1st  of  September  to  the  1st  of  May,  principally  from  the  Potomac 
River  and  Chesapeake  Bay. 

One  of  the  most  prominent  Dealers  is  Mr.  William  Turner,  who 
does  the  largest  business  in  the  District,  in  supplying  Hotels,  Restaurants, 
Families,  etc.  Mr.  Turner  has  an  experience  of  twenty  years  in  hand- 
ling the  Bivalves,  and  by  his  superior  knowledge  of  the  trade,  combined 
with  his  energy  and  enterprise,  has  thus  succeeded  in  establishing  his 
extensive  and  lucrative  business. 


GROCERIES     AND     LIQUORS. 

JOHN     D.     MANION, 

Dealer  in  Groceries,  Wines,  Liquors  and  Cigars,  Corner  Seventh  and  H 
Streets,  two  blocks  from  the  Seventh  Street  Wharf,  has  succeeded  in  establish- 
ing a  large  and  increasing  trade  in  Fine  Family  Groceries,  Liquors,  etc. 
His  "  Pimlico  Club  "  and  "Aurora"  Whiskeys  are  pure,  and  are  specially 
used  for  medical  and  family  purposes.  Persons  visiting  the  City  by  boat 
will  find  a  full  and  complete  assortment  of  Staple  Groceries,  which  Mr. 
Manion  delivers  free  of  charge  and  safely  packed  for  transportation. 


FOREIGN     AND    DOMESTIC     EIOUORS. 

CHR .    X AN  DER. 

It  is  of  the  utmost  importance  to  the  general  trade  throughout  the 
country  that  the  prominent  and  leading  houses  in  the  different  mercan- 
tile pursuits  should  receive  the  acknowledgments  of  the  public,  pro- 
vided they  are  deserving  of  it.  Perhaps  there  is  no  class  of  merchants 
who  are  as  liable  to  be  mistrusted  than  those  engaged  in  the  Liquor 
Business — therefore  a  great  deal  of  care  and  judgment  is  exercised  by 
those  who  are  desirous  of  selecting  a  reliable  and  responsible  house  to 
make  their  purchases.  Such  a  trentleman  and  bouse  will  be  found  in 
Mr.  Chr.  Xander,  911  Seventh  Street,  North- West,  Washington,  Distiller 
and  Rectifier  of  all  kinds  of  Domestic  Liquors,  and  dealer  in  Foreign 
and  Domestic  Wines  and  Brandies.     Mr.  Xander  has  an  experience  of 


I 


PROMINENT   MERCANTILE  FIRMS — WASHINGTON.  167 

fifteen  years,  and  by  strict  attention  to  business,  lias  secured  a  reputa- 
tion second  to  none. 

His  stock  comprises  the  finest  grades  of  Pure  Old  Rye  and  Bourbon 
Whiskeys.  A  specialty  is  made  of  the  Old  Gold  Medal.  These  Liquors 
are  distilled  from  the  purest  materials  and  are  especially  recommended 
for  medical  and  family  purposes. 

He  is  also  the  Manufacturer  of  the  Celebrated  Tonic  and  Bitters,  known 
as  "  Milliston,"  compounded  from  the  juice  of  the  Wild  Cherry,  with  the 
extract  of  different  herbs.  As  an  appetizer,  it  is  far  superior  in  flavor 
and  effect  to  those  usually  offered  to  the  public.  Planters  from  Mont- 
gomery County  in  search  of  fine  Liquors  should  give  Mr.  Xander  a  call, 
where  they  will  receive  every  attention  and  at  the  same  time  find  it  to 
their  advantage,  as  he  is  sure  to  have  exactly  what  they  desire. 


WI\E   A\D   LUNCH    ROOMS. 

MR.     DAVID      HAGERTY'S 

Ladies'  and  Gentlemen's  Lunch  Rooms,  Corner  1th  and  E  Streets,  is  a 
popular  resort  for  those  who  desire  refreshments.  Mr.  Hagerty  makes  a 
specialty  of  Mixed  Drinks,  and  after  an  experience  of  eighteen  years,  he 
certainly  should  be  qualified  to  concoct  a  Punch  or  Julep. 

RESTAURANT. 

MR.    W.    H.    WILKENING, 

Proprietor  of  this  popular  resort,  837  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  is  prepared 
at  all  times  to  furnish  the  choice  selections  of  the  season,  including  the 
finest  of  Wines  and  Liquors. 

•'HOLE    IX    THE    WALL." 

FRANK    HAGERTY. 

This  Restaurant  is  presided  over  by  the  popular  Fkank  Basbbtt,  and 
is  located  at  454  Louisiana  Avenue,  opposite  the  City  Hall.  The  usual  dis- 
count of  fifteen  per  cent,  allowed  on  coin  and  currency. 


COLLECTION    OFFICE. 

WILLIAM     H.     BENNETT, 

Constable  and  Collector,  476  Louisiana  Avenue.     Business  intrusted  to 
Mr.  Bennett  will  meet  with  prompt  attention  and  quick  returns. 


1G8         PROMINENT   MERCANTILE  FIRMS — WASHINGTON. 

CLARK    HOUSE. 

MR.    LAWRENCE    CLARK, 

For  twenty-five  years  a  resident  of  the  District,  has  established  him- 
self in  the  above  house,  Corner  7th  mid  L  Sts.,  South-  West,  opposite  the 
River  Front. 

John  L.  Clark,  formerly  of  6th  and  C  Streets,  North-West,  chip  of  the 
old  block,  presides  in  the  office,  where  his  friends  will  be  sure  of  a 
hearty  welcome. 

AMERICAN     HOUSE. 

DUFFY    &    LEANNARDA. 

The  American  House,  Corner  of  Pennsylvania  Avenue  and  Seventh  Street^ 
is  the  oldest  established  house  in  Washington,  and  having  been  recently 
renovated  and  refitted,  this  house  is  prepared  to  offer  great  inducements 
to  the  public. 

To  parties  desiring  to  enjoy  a  few  days  in  the  city,  this  house  especially 
commends  itself,  combining  home  comforts  with  a  Hotel  table.  Being 
centrally  located,  within  five  minutes  walk  of  all  Railroad  and  Steamboat 
lines,  convenient  to  the  Government  Departments,  and  Street  Cars  pass- 
ing the  door  in  all  directions. 

To  those  of  their  old  patrons  in  the  County  who  have  been  familiar 
with  the  House  for  years  past  it  is  unnecessary  to  speak  further,  and  to 
their  friends,  the  Messrs.  Duffy  &  Leannarda  promise  careful  atten- 
tion and  a  determination  to  please. 


FREDERICK,  MARYLAND. 

"DILL     HOUSE" 

PICKING    &    DEAN. 

This  popular  House  has  recently  been  refurnished  and  renovated 
throughout,  while  its  central  location,  being  in  close  proximity  to  the 
Court  House  and  Banks,  makes  it  a  desirable  resort  for  those  whose 
business  requires  them  in  this  direction.  The  Proprietors,  Messrs. 
Picking  &  Dean,  are  gentlemen  who  know  the  requirements  of  guests, 
and  are  always  on  the  alert  to  supply  their  wants.  Mr.  Dean  is  a  host 
within  himself,  and  from  long  experience  is  well  qualified  to  realize  the 
wants  of  the  public.     He  is  the  right  man  in  the  right  place. 


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