CK Libris Tborphar^h
I
THE HISTORY
OF
MONTGOMEKV (^OUNTY,
MARYLAISri),
FROM ITS
Earliest Settlemeut in 1650 to 1879 :
The Early Land Grants. — By whom patented. — Their order op
Settlement and Present Owners. —Local and General
Events. — Leading Incidents. — Principal Towns,
Villages, &c. — Its Soil, Products, and
Industries. Also,
SKETCHES OF THE PROMINENT MEN OF THE COUNTY.
DIRECTORY
Op Post Offices, Merchants, Manufacturers, Professors,
Farmers, Tobacco Planters, Mechanics, Mills,
Colleges, Schools, and Churches.
WITH AN APPENDIX.
Containing a Description of the Prominent Business Houses
of Washington and Georgetown.
COMPILED AND ARRANGED FROM AUTHENTIC SOURCES,
T^y H. S. BOYD,
CLARKSBURG. MONTGO.MEKY COUNTY. MARYLAND.
1879,
p f> a «i J
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THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
5 190^
A870R, LENOX AND
TIL6EN FOl'NDATIONft,
« i90b L
Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1879,
By T. H. S. Boyd,
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.
BALTIMORE :
W.
K. BOYLE & SON,
< I 1 s
• ' •
PRINTERS.
14 1
J t
< > t
PEEFACE
In ofiferiug the present history to the ijublic and the citizens
of Montgomery County, it ai)pears necessary for the publisher
to present the motive that induced him to undertake the publi-
cation.
During the Centennial year of our National Independence,
the President of the United States issued a Proclamation,
requesting the people to assemble in their respective towns and
counties, and rescue from obscurity and oblivion the incidents
and events connected with the first century of the ISfation.
Previous to the issue of this proclamation, the people of
Montgomery County had resolved to celebrate the one hun-
dredth anniversary of the organization of the County, on the
Fair Grounds, at Eockville, September Gth, 1870. Sjieeches
were delivered by A. B. Davis, Esq., T. Anderson, Esq.',
Judge Richard J. Bowie, Judge Pearre, Judge Jones, and others.
The exhibition buildings of the Fair Grounds were filled with
relics and curiosities, giving a faithful reflex of the past.
The object in the publication of this volume is to collect and
arrange the materials, with such an arrangement of the matter
as to give a true and faithful history of the County, in as con-
cise and succinct style as the subject will admit; commencing
with a brief sketch of the manners and customs of the abo-
rigines, who once inhabited this region of country, and continu-
ing with the earlier settlements by the whites, (low n through
the period of the Revolution and the peaceful tiuies that fol-
lowed until the present, including geological feaf jijtsv streams,
IV PREFACE.
natural curiosities, general statistics, taxable property, synop-
sis of census, i)ublic inii)rovements, to\Ans, villages and post
offices, with biographical sketches of distinguished persons,
ininiigration and its effects, agriculture, pomology, and the cul-
ture of bees. Also, a complete Directory of Merchants, Far-
mers, Planters, Meclianics, Professions, etc., with a copious
Appendix, containing sketches of the prominent mercantile
and manufacturing interests of Baltimore and the District of
(Columbia, whit-h are identifled with the prosperity of Mont-
gomery' County.
The publisher takes pleasure in tendering his unfeigned
acknowledgments to all those who have contributed material
for this publication ; esi)ecially to William Grady, I^]s(]., the effi-
cient County Surveyor.
T. H. S. BOYD.
1 1 I i
' c I
C €
I. t
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
Chapter I. — The Ahm'igines or Indians 9
Their customs and habits. — Treatment of strangers. — Treat-
ment of enemies. — Their vices. — Marriages. — Indian huts
or wigwams. — Dress. — Religious ceremonies, etc.
Chapter II. — The Indians — Continued . . 13
Their amusements. — War Dances. — Hunting and Fishing
their chief employment. — Dances. — The Calumet. — Dis-
eases. — The medicine men or doctors. — Death and burials. —
Lord's Prayer in their native language, etc.
Chapter III 18
The Founder of Maryland. — Granting of the Charter. — Powers
conferred by the Charter. — Sailing of the Colonists. — Arri-
val in the Chesapeake Bay.— Landing on Blackiston Island.--
Settlement at St. Mary's. — Friendly relations secured with
the Indians. — Extending the settlements to St. George's and
Montgomery. — Peace and Prosperity. — Missionaries. — A
period of Thirty Years.
Chapter IV 23
Climate and Productions. — Tobacco and Com, staple produc-
tions. — Oysters, Game and Fish. — Indentured Whites. —
Slaves introduced from Virginia. — Tobacco the medium of
liarter and exchange. — Tobacco shipments. — Silver coins. —
Fruit and Cider. — Mails. — Quakers or Friends. — Indians.—
Toleration.
Chapter V. — Land Grants 29
Joseph's Park.— Girl's Portion.— Leeke Forest.— Hermitage.—
Saint Winexburg.— Carroll's Forest.— Dan.— Brightwell's
Hunting Quarter. — Clean Drinking.— Bear Neck.— Maiden's
Fancy. — Bear Bacon.— Friendship.— Charles and Tliomas. —
Friendship. — Clagett's Purchase. — Huntington. — Conten-
tion.— Bradford's Rest.— Addition to Bradford's Rest.—
Bradford's Rest.— Dung Hill.— Thompson's Hop Yard.—
VI CONTENTS.
PAGS.
Cool Sjaring Level. — Allison's Park. — Arclii bald's Lot. —
Younger Brother.^ — Dispute. — Two Brothers.^ — The New
Exchange. — Addition to Dan. — Joseph and James.
Chapter VI. — Land Orants — Continued 36
Easy Purchase. — Friendship Enlarged.— Drumaldry. — Lay
Hill. — Snowden's Manor. — Snowden's Manor Enlarged. —
Charles and Benjamin.— George the Third. — Beall's Manor. —
Beall Christie. — Bear Garden Enlarged. — Deer Park. —
Snowden Mill. — Charley Forest. — Addition to Charley For
est. — Hygham. — Gold's Branch. — Gitting's Hah I Hah ! ! —
Bordley's Choice. — Brooke Grove. — Addition to Brooke
Grove. — John and Sarah. — Benjamin's Lot. — New Year's
Gift— Antra —Easy Come By.— Mill Land.— Boyd's De-.
lay. — Magruder's Hazard. — Paradise. — Bernard's Desire. —
Wickham and Pottinger's Discovery. — Partnership. — The
Brothers' Industry. — Deer Park. — Fellowship. — Constant
Friendship.
Chapter VII. — Land Orants — Continued 43
Wickham's Good Will. — The Joseph.— Middle Plantation.—
Magruder and Beall's Honesty. — Clewerwald Enlarged. —
Goose Pond. — Bear Den. — Prevention. — Saint Mary's. —
Valentine's Garden Enlarged. — Re-survey on Valentine's
Garden Enlarged.— Raymond's Addition. — Concord. — Han-
over. — Flint's Grove. — Happy Choice. — Hopewell. — Jere-
miah's Park. — Partnershii). — The Re-survey on Part of
Forest. — Banks' Venture. — Abraham's Lot. — Killmain. —
John's Deliglit. — Conclusion. — Turkey Thicket. — Benja
min's Square. — Sirring Garden. — Abel's Levels. — Moore's
Delight. — Pork Plenty, if no Thieves. — Chestnut Ridge. —
Ralfo. — Grandmother's Good Will. — Cow Pasture. — Peach
Tree Hill.— Errors Corrected.— Very Good.— Bite tlie Biter. —
Silent Valley. — Trouble Enough Indeed.
Chapter VIII 49
Frederick City. — Georgetown, D. C. — Tobacco. — Rolling
Roads. — French War. — Defeat of General Braddock. — Mas-
sacre of the Settlers. — The Revolution. — Meeting at old
Ilungerford Tavern. — Resolutions. — Formation of Montgo-
mery County.— Named after General Richard Montgomery. —
Rockville, the County Seat. — Districts of the County. —
Orphans' C-ourt. — Registers of Wills. — Members of the
State Convention.
CONTENTS. Vii
PAGE.
Chapter IX 55
A Period of One Hundred and Forty Years. — The First Con-
tinental Congress. — Maryland Convention. — Enrollment and
Organization of Companies. — The Fii'st Blood shed in the
Revolutionary War, 19th April, 1775. — Captain Cresap's
Company. — Their bravery in battle. — Powder Mills. — Can-
non Manufactories. — Contingent called from Montgomery
County. — The deeds of prowess in Virginia and the Caro-
Carolinas. — Revolutionary Officers from the County. — The
War of 1812. — Distinguished Officers in the War of the
Rebellion.
Chapter X 61
First Revolutionary Soldier. — Montgomery's Revolutionary
Roll. — Pension Acts. — Names of Pensioners. — Meteoric
Showers, as witnessed at the home of Charles Saft'ell, the
Oldest Pensioner on the List. — Scenes in Gaithersburg and
Rockville.
Chapter XI 67
First Member of Congress from this County. — Whiskey Insur-
rection in Pennsylvania. — Names of Montgomerians who
served in the Federal Congress. — Hon. Montgomery Blair
as Cabinet Minister. — Members of Reform State Conventions,
1850-51, '64, '67.— First County Surveyor.— First Schools.—
An Act for Purchasing School Projierty. — Academies, Col-
leges, &c., and their Students.
Chapter XII 75
First PuIjHc Roads. — Rolling Tobacco to Market. — Union
Turnpike. — AVashington, Colesville and Ashton. — Colum-
bia. — The Old Baltimore. — River Road. — Old Annajjolis. —
Conduit. — Old Potomac Company. — Subscriptions to said
Company. — Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. — Coal Elevators
In Georgetown. — First Railroad in the Country. — Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad, Metropolitan Branch.
Chapter XIII. — Prominent Men 84
Col. John Berry. — Elisha Riggs. — Samuel Riggs. — Mrs. Ann
Poultney. — Philip E. Thomas. — Rev. Reuben T. Boyd. —
His Ordination as Minister of the Gospel.— His Certificate
to perform marriage, signed by General Wm Henry Harri-
son.— John C. Clark.— George R. Gaither.— Israel H. B., and
A. and R. R. Griffith. — Thomas L. Reese. — William Darne. —
Rev. Thomas McCormick. — Thomas Moore. — Caleb Bent-
ly. — Isaac Riggs.— Roger Brooke.— Hon. Francis P. Blair.—
\ 111
CONTENTS.
Robert Pottinger. — Dr. William IJowie Magruder.— Major "
George Peter. — Drs. Duvall. — Tobacco Inspectors. — Robert
Scllinan. — Tliomas B. W. Vinson.— Triadelpliia Cotton
Factory.
Chafteu XIV. — Prominent Men — Continued 94
Hon. Geo. W. Hilton. — William Darne, of Mountain View. —
Prof. Benjamin Hallowell. — Hon. Allen Bowie Davis. — Ed-
ward Stabler. — W. T. R. Saffell. — Francis Cassott Clopper. —
William Wilson.— Leonidas Wilson. — Hon. Thomas Lans-
dale. — Dr. Richard Waters. — John S. Belt.— Hon. Richard
Waters, and others.
ClIAPTEU XV 104
Bomidariesof the County. — Building Stone. — Roofing Slate. —
Gold. — Chrome.— Quantity of Land and its Value. — Number
of Horses and other Cattle. — Farm Productions for 1878. —
Intellectual, Social and Agricultural Institutions. — Pojiula-
tion from 1790 to 1870. — Society of Friends. — Improve-
ments at the close of the Internecine War. — Influence of
the Metropolitan Railroad.
Present Officers op the County Ill
Ch.\.pteh XVI. — Apiculture. — Peach Culture 113
Keeping and Propagation of Bees. — Process of removing
Honey, v^^ithout destroying Bees. — Principal Bee Raisers in
the County. — Peach Trees. — Propagation of Trees. — List of
desirable varieties.
Chapter XVIT. — The Washington Grove C'mp Groimd 115
Incorporators. — Objects. — Location. — Present and Past Offi-
cers.
-Cottages.
■Tents. — Owners.
DIRECTORY OF TOWNS AND VILLAGES,
INCLUDING THE POST OFFICE ADDRESS OF MERCHANTS, FARMERS, &C.
Barnesville 119
Beallsville 120
Bethesda 130
Boyd's 131
Brighton 131
Brookeville 133
Burtonsville 123
Cabin John 123
Cedar Grove 123
Clarksburg 124
Colesville 125
Damascus 130
Darnestown 126
Dawsonville 127
Dickerson 127
Edwards' Ferry 128
CONTENTS.
IX
PAGE.
Fairland 128
Four Corners 129
Gaithersburg 129
Germantown 130
Goshen 131
Great Falls 131
-Hyattstown 132
Hunting. Hill 132
Knowles' 133
Laytonsville 133
Martinsburg , 1 34
Middlebrook 134
Monocacy 135
Montrose 135
Norbeck 136
PAGE.
Offntt's -f Roads 136
Olney... 137
Poolesville 138
Eedland 139
Rockville 139
Sandy Springs 141
Sellman's 142
Seneca 142
Sligo 142
Spencerville 142
Sunshine 143
Triadelphia 143
Wheaton 143
White's Ferry 144
DIRECTORY OF PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS.
GEORGETOWIV, D. C.
Agricultural Implements.
Dunlap, G. T 149
Ale, Wine and Cider.
Palmer, Samuel C 156
Cement and Plaster.
Waters, J. G. & J. M 153
Cigars and Tobacco.
May, Peter J 151
Coal.
Borden Mining Company. . 149
Commission Merchants.
Hartley & Brother 153
Waters, J. G. & J. M 153
Dry Goods, Notions, &c.
Gibbons & Burroughs 154
Dyeing and Cleaning, {Steam.)
Wheatley, Wm. H 155
Express {New) Lirie.
Hyde, G. F., Agent 155
Fertilizei's.
Dunlap, G. T 149
Flour Mills.
Capital— Tenney & Sons.. 148
Pioneer — Herr & Cissel. . .148
Orain, Feed and Hay.
Jackson, D.B 152
Oroceries.
Bradt, A. H .^. AiS
Cropiey's (S.) Sons 146
Lyddane, Eugene T 154
Lyddane, John 156
Offutt, Wm. A. & Brother. 152
Hardware, Iron and Steel.
Gilbert, H.P 151
Hats, Caps, &c.
Barron, J. O 153
Hotel and Restaurant.
Kaiser, 157
CONTENTS.
Lager Beer Bretcery.
Dentze, Mrs. Simon 156
Liquors.
Bradt, A. H 148
Cropley's (S.) Sons 146
Offutt, Wm. A. & Bro 152
Luniber.
Libbey, Jos. & J. E 150
Wheatley Brothers 145
Mineral Water Mamifactory.
Palmer, Samuel C 156
Powder.
Cropley's (S.) Sons 146
Potomac Blue Stone.
Gilbert, H.P 151
Restaurant.
Arlow, Robert T 147
Ship and Canal Stores.
Bradt, A. H 148
U. B. Mutual Aid Society of Pa.
Kaiser, , Agent 157
Tobacco, Snuffs and Cigars.
Cropley's (S.) Sons 146
^VASHINGTON, D. C.
Artists' and Wax Flower Materials.
Ryneal, George, Jr 163
Boots and Shoes.
George, J. J 168
Cigars and Tobacco.
Cochran, George W. & Co. 165
Clothing House.
Saks, A. & Co 165
Collection Off re.
Bennett, William H 167
Commission Merchants.
Barbour & Hamilton Kil
Confectionery.
Mueller (Carl) & Son.
159
Drugs and Chemicals.
Stott & Cromwell 158
Fire- Works, Toys, &c.
Mueller (Carl) & Son 151)
Groceries.
Barl)our & Hamilton 161
Hume, Frank 1 62
Manion, John D 16()
Hotels.
Clark House — Lawrence
Clark, Proprietor 168
American House — Duft'y
& Leannarda, Prop'rs. . .168
Household Furnishing Goods.
Gartrell, G. E. & Co 164
Liquors.
Barbour & Hamilton 151
Humes, Frank 162
Manion, John D 166
Xander, Chr 166
Oyster Dealer.
Turner, William 166
Paints, Oils and Varnishes.
Ryneal, George, Jr, 163
Restaurants.
Hagerty, David 167
Hagerty, Frank 167
Wilkening, W. H 167
Stoves — Heating and Cooking.
Gartrell, G. E. & Co 164
Window Glass, &c.
Ryneal, George, Jr 163
• Dill House,"".
FREDERICK, MD.
.Picking & Dean, Proprietors.
.168
HISTORY
OP
MONTGOMERY COUNTY. MD.
CHAPTEE I.
The Aboeigines or Indians.
Their customs and habits. Treatment of strangers. Treatment
of enemies. Their vices. Marriages. Indian huts or wig-
wams. Dress. Religious ceremonies^ etc.
When the Europeans first came to this country, they found
the Western Continent inhabited by numerous nations, to whom
was applied the name, though erroneously, Indians. This name
was given to the aborigines of this continent under the mistaken
notion of Columbus, in supjjosing that he had arrived at the
eastern shore of India.
Touching the origin of the Indians, or by what means they
came from the Old Woeld to the New, has never been satis-
factorily answered, notwithstanding that voluminous disquisi-
tions have been written on the subject.
A majority who have investigated this subject agree, that
Tartary, in Asia, is the native country of all American Indians.
The region of country of which this history treats was inhabited
by the Yoacomicos, Anacostians, Piscataways, Senecas and Pa-
tuxents, about the time of the first settlement in 1635. All of
these tribes belonged or were under the control of the Six
Nations, the central power of which was located in the State of
New York. The . Piscataways and the Nacostines or Anacos-
tians, a tributary tribe of the Piscataways, resembled each
2 ■
10 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
other as to tlioir bodily and mental qualifications. In person,
slender, middle-sized, handsome and straight. The women how-
ever, were short, not so handsome, and clumsy in a])pearance.
The skin of a reddish brown or yellowish brown, hair straight
and jet black.
In common life and conversation the Indians observed great
decency. They usually treated one another and strangers with
kindness and civility, and without empty compliments. In the
converse of both sexes the greatest decency and propriety were
observed. They were sociable and friendly, difference of rank
with all its consequences was not to be found among the Indians.
They were equally noble and free. The only ditlerence consisted
in wealtli, age, dexterity, courage and oiii(;e. Tliey were hospi-
table to strangers. To refuse the act or kind oftices of hospi-
tality, was looked upon as a flagrant violation of a laudable
practice in vogue among the tawny sons of the forest. Hospi-
tality, they considered a most sacred duty, from which none were
exempt. "Whoever,'' said they, "refuses relief to any one,
commits a grievous offence, and not only makes himself detested
and abhorred by all, but liable to revenge from the injured per-
son." In their conduct towards their enemies they were " bloody
cruel," and when exasi>erated, nothing but the blood of theu*
enemj- could assuage or allay anger, which rankled concealed
iu their bosom, waiting only for a convenient oppoi'tunity to
strike the fearful blow, inflicted with fury that knew no bounds.
So determined on revenge upon their enemies were they, that
they would solemnly enjoin it upon their friends and jmsterity to
resent the injuries done them. The longest space of tinu\ the
most remote i)Iace of refuge, afforded no security to an Indian's
enemy.
Drunkenness, after the whites commenced to deal with them,
was a common vice. It was not confined, as it is in a great
measure at this day, among the whites, to the male sex, but
the Indian female as well as the male, was infatuated alike
with the love of strong drink, for neither of them knew b(mnds
to their desires. They drank while they had whiskey, or could
swallow it down. Drunkenness was a vice, and attended with
many serious consequences, and often resulted in nuuder and
death — this was not punishable among them, it was a fashion-
able vice. Stealing, lying, adultery and cheating, j)rincipally
HISTORY OP MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 11
the oftspiirig of cbnnkenness, were considered as heinous and
scandalous offences, and were punished in various ways.
The Anacostians and Piscataways married early in life; the
men usually at eighteen, and the women at fourteen, but never
married near relations. If an Indian man wished to marry, he
sent a present to the nearest relations of the person he had fixed
upon, consisting- of blankets, cloth, linen, and occasionally a few
belts of Wampum. If he that nuvde the present, and the present
pleased, the matter was formally proposed to the girl, and if
the other party chose to decline the proposal, they returned the
present by way of a friendly negative. After the marriage, the
present made by the suitor was divided among the friends of
the young wife. These returned the civility by a present of
Indian corn, beans, kettles, baskets, hatchets, etc., brought in
solemn procession into the hut of the newly married couple.
The latter commonly lodged in a friend's house till they could
erect a dwelling of their own. An Indian hut was constructed
in the following manner: they peeled the trees abounding in
sap, then cutting the bark into pieces of six or eight feet in
length, they laid heavy stones upon them, that they might be-
come flat and even in diying. The frame of the hut was made
by driving poles into the ground and strengthening them by
cross-beams. This ftame was covered both inside and outside,
with the pieces of bark that had been prepared for that purpose,
and fastened tight with the bast of withes of hickory. The roof
ran upon a ridge and was covered the same way. An opening-
was left in the roof to let the smoke pass through, and one in
the side as a door, which was fastened with neither lock nor bolt ;
a stick leaning against it on the outside as a token that no one
was at home, was the only bolt to prevent intruders.
There was some difference in the huts of the Piscataways and
Anacostians; the roofs of the former being angular, and that of
the latter round or arched ; the Piscataway families preferring to
live separately, their huts were small; the Anacostians pre-
ferred to live together,— they built their houses long, with several
fire-places, and corresponding openings in the roof and sides.
In their dress they displayed more singularity than art. The
men wore a blanket which hung loose over their shoulders, and
generally went bareheaded. The dress which distinguished the
women, was a petticoat fastened tight about the hips and hang-
12 HISTORY OF MONTGOMEKY COUNTY.
ing down a little below the kuees. A longer one would have
proved au incnnibranee in walking through the woods or working
in the fields.
As soon as a child was born it was laid upon a board or
straight piece of bark, covered with moss, and wrapped up in
a skhi or piece of cloth, and when the mother was engaged in
her house- work, this rude cradle or bed was hung to a peg or
branch of a tree. Their children they educated, to fit them to
get through the world as did their fathers. They instructed
them in a religion, in which they believed that Manito, their
God, "The Good Spirit," could be propitiated by sacrifices,
hence they observed a great many superstitious and idolatrous
ceremonies. At their general and solemn sacrifices the oldest
men performed the ofiices of priests ; but in private parties, each
man brought a sacrifice and offered it himself as priest. Instead
of a temple, they fitted up a large dwelling house for the
purpose.
CHAPTER II.
The Indians — Continued.
Their amusements. War Dances. Hunting and fishing their
chief employment. Dances. The Calumet. Diseases. The
medicinemen or doctors. Death and burials. Lordh Prayer in
their native language., etc.
When at home they had their aiuusements, their favorite one
was dancing-. The common dance was hekl either in a large
house or in an open fiekl around a fire. In dancing they formed
a circle, and always had a leader, to whom the whole company
attended. The men went before and the women closed the cir-
cle. The latter danced with great decency, and as if they had
engaged in the most serious business. While thus engaged they
never spoke a word to the men, much less joked with them,
which would have injured their character.
They neither skipped nor jumped, but placed one foot lightly
forward and then backward, yet so as to ad\ ance gradually till
they reached a certain spot, and then retired in the same man-
ner. They kept their bodies straight and their arms hanging
down close to their sides. But the men shouted, leaped and
stamped with such violence, that the ground trembled under
their feet. Their extreme agility and lightness of foot was
never shown to more advantage than in dancing. Their whole
music consisted in a single drum, which was made of an old bar-
rel or kettle, or the lower end of a hollow tree, covered with a
thin deer skin, and beaten with one stick. Its sound was not
however agreeable, and served only to mark the time, which the
Indians when dancing, even in large numbers, kei)t with due
exactness. When they had finished one round they took some
rest, but during this time the drummer continued to sing until
14 HISTORY OF MONTGOJSIERY COUNTY.
another dance commenced. Tliese dances in keeping- witli that
spirit lasted nntil midnight.
Another kind of dance was only attended by men. Each
rose in his turn and danced with great agility and boldness,
extolling their own or their father's great deeds in a song, to
which all beat time by a monotonous, rough note, which was
given out with great vehemence at the commencement of each
bar. The war dance, which was always held either before or
after a cam]>aign was dreadful to behold. None took i^art in it
but the warriors themselves. They appeared armed as if going
to battle. One carried his gun or hatchet, another a long knife,
the third, a tomahawk, the fourth, a large club, or they all
appeared armed with tomahawks ; these thej brandished in the
air to show how they intended to treat their enemies. They
affected such an au- of anger and fury on these occasions that
it made a spectator shudder to behold them. A chief led them
in the dance, and sang the warlike deeds of himself or his
ancestors. At the end of every celebrated feat of valor, he
wielded his tomahaAvk with all his strength against a post fixed
in the ground. He was then followed by the rest, each finished
his round by a blow against the post. They then danced alto-
gether, and this was the most frightfid scene. They affected
the most horrible and dreadful gestures, threatened to beat, cut
and stab ea(;h other. They were however amazingly dexterous in
avoiding the threatened dan^ger. To complete the horror of the
scene they howled as dreadfully as if in actual fight, so that
they appeared as raving madmen. During the dance they some-
times sounded a kind of fife made of reed, which had a shrill
and disagreeable note. They sometimes used the war dance in
times <jf peace, with a view to celebrate the deeds of their
heroic chiefs in a solemn manner. The sacrificial danc(» was
held at the solemnization of their sacrifices.
Hunting and fishing constituted their chief emi)h)ymeiit,
depending on this as they did for a supply of food principally
taken in the chase, and next to war, was considered the most
honorable. They were expcu'ienced hunters, their -boys were
trained to this business, whom they taught when quite young, to
climb trecis, lH)tli to cateli birds and to exercise tluMr sigiit, which
by this method was rendere<l so (|uiek that in hunting they saw
objects at an amazing distan(;e. In detecting and pursuing
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 15
game they almost exceeded the best trained dog' in folio vving its
course. The principal weapons used by the Indian hunters
were bows and arrows, some had rifles. Their hunting excur-
sions sometimes continued for months. The Potomac River fur-
nished an abundant supply of fish for those who were fond of
piscatorial pursuits. Henry Fleet, who was the first navigator
who ascended the Potomac Eiver to the head of navigation, in
1625, describes the country as abounding in game, such as deer,
buffaloes, bears and turkeys, while the river abounded in all
kinds of fisli, — the Indians commonly catching thirty sturgeon in
one night. If in their travels they had occasion to pass a deep
river, they set about immediately and built a canoe, by taking a
long piece of bark of i)roportionate breadth, to which they gave
the X)roper form by fastening it to ribs of light wood, bent so as
to suit the occasion. The Indians, like all human flesh, were
heirs of disease. The most common was pleurisy, weakness
and pains in the stomach and breast, consumption, diarrhoea,
rheumatism, ague, inflammatory fevers, and occasionally the
small-x>ox made dreadfid ravages among them. Their general
remedy for all their disorders, small or great, was a sweat. For
this purpose they had in every tillage an oven, situated at some
distance fi-om the dwellings, built of stakes and boards, covered
with sods, or, were dug in the side of a hill, and heated with
some red hot stones. Into this the j^atient crept naked and in
a, short time was thrown into a profuse perspiration. As soon
as the patient felt too hot, he crept out and immediately plunged
himself into a river or some cold water, where he continued
about thirty seconds, and then went again into the oven. After
having performed this operation three times successively, he
smoked his pipe with composure, and in many cases a cure was
completely effected. Indian doctors never ap])lied medicines
without accompanying them with mysterious ceremonies to
make their effect appear supernatural. A missionary, who was
present on an occasion Avhen an Indian physician had been sent
for to see a patient, says : " He had on a large bear skin, so that
his arms were covered with the fore legs, his feet with the hind
legs, and his head entirely concealed in the bear's head, with
the addition of glass eyes. He came in this attire with a cala-
bash in his hand, accompanied by a great crowd of people, into
the patient's liut, singing and dancing, when he grasped a hand-
16 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
full of hot ashes, and scattxjring them into the air with a horrid
noise, ai:>proached the patient and began to play several leger-
demain tricks with small bits of wood, by which he pretended
to be able to restore him to health." The principal remedies
used by the Indians in curing diseases were, such as rattlesnake
root, the skins of rattlesnakes dried and pulverized, thorny ash,
toothache tree, tulip tree, dogwood, wild laurel, sassafras, elder,
poison ash, winter green, liverwort, Virginia poke, jalap, sarsa-
parilla, Scobians or devil's bit, blood wort, cuckoopint, and
others. Immediately after the death of an Indian the corpse
was dressed in a new suit, with the face and shirt painted red,
and laid upon a mat or skin, in the middle of the hut. The
arms and eftects of the deceased are then piled up near the
body; in the evening, soon after sunset, and in the morning,
before daybreak, the female relations and friends assemble
around the corpse to mourn over it. Their lamentations are
loud in proportion to the love and the esteem they bore the
deceased, or to his rank, or the pains he suffered in dying, and
they are daily repeated till his interment. The burying places
are some distance from the dwellings. The graves were gene-
rally dug by old women, as the young people abhorred this kind
of work. Before they had hatchets and other tools, they used
to line the inside of the grave with the bark of trees; but after-
wards they usually placed three boards, not nailed together,
over the grave in such a manner that the corpse lay between
them, a fourth board was placed as a cover, anil then the grave
was lilled with earth. Now and then a proper coffin was pro-
cured. The language of the two tribes had an agreeable sound
both in conversation and public delivery, although there was
great difference between the two. Tlie promuudation, say those
who were skilled in the tongue, was quite easy. The following
is the Lord's Prayer, in the language of the Piscataways.
"Sougwaucha caurounkyauga leh Sutaro au Saul woney
aoita, es a sawaneyou okettanlisehi ebueawouug, na carouuky-
auga nugh woushauga, neallewehue salauga tangwounant
oranoatouglisick tontaugwelee wheyon stoung chencyent cha-
quatant aleywhey oust anna tliuglisang long wass areuch tawau
tottenan galouglitounga, nysawne Sas(;heautang whss conteh-
sale paungaekaw, esa sawauneyou, esa sashautzta, esa soung
wasoung cheuneaw houugwa, anwen."
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 17
Their language was lofty, yet narrow, somewhat like the
Hebrew, in signification full; like short-hand in writing, one
word served in the place of three, and the rest were supjilied by
the understanding of the hearer. Their language was also
highly figurative. The following specimens may offer an idea
of their metaphors: "The sky is overcast with dark, blustering-
clouds," meaning we shall have troublesome times; we shall
have war. "We shall lift up the hatchet," — we shall have war.
"The path is already shut up," — war has began. "The rivers
run with blood," — war rages in the country. "To bury the
the hatchet," — to conclude peace. "You did not make me
strong," — you gave me nothing. "Look this way," — -join our
party. "I will pass one night yet at this place," — Twill stay
one year at this place.
CHAPTER m.
The Founder of Maryland. Granting of the Charter. Powers
conferred by the Charter. Sailinc/ of the Colonists. Arrival in
the Chesapeale Bai/. Landing on Blacliston Island. SeUle-
ment at kSt. Mari/\s. Friendly relations seeured with the
Indians. Extending the settlements to St. George's and Mont-
gomery. Peace and Prosperity. Missionaries. A period of
thirty years.
Sir (leoige Calvert, afterwards Lord Baltimore, an Eiis^lish
geiitleinaii of fiiiislied education, was the founder of Maryland.
Beini»- one of tlie principal Se(;retaries of State and a mem-
ber of the House of Commons, he always maintained the rights
and interests of the King, who, in consideration for this devo-
tion, granted him a charter dated the 20th of June, 1632. The
country granted hy this charter was named Maryland, in honor
of (^ueen Henrietta Maria.
TJefore the execution of tliis patent Lord Baltimore died, and his
eldest son, Cecil, having inherited his father's title and estate,
succeeded to the charter, he and his heirs, becoming absolute
])roi)rietors of Maryland. The Proprietary had full, free and
absolute power to enact laws, with the advice, assent and
approbation of the freemen of the province. The l^roprietary
had lull power to grant to his colonists such tracts of land as
they might purchase. He was also granted the license and
faculty of erecting iind founding churches, chapels and places
of worshij) in convenient and suitable places, and of causing
the land lo Ix^ dedicated a(;c(n'<ling to the hnvs of the King(h)m
of England. The territories described by the chartei- extended
froiu Watkins' I'oint, oi)positc the mouth of the Potomac River,
northwar<l to the fortieth degree of north latitude, and from the
Atlantic Ocean and Delaware Bay on the east, to the Potomac
River on the west. It will be seen that tiiis included a i)art of
whiit is uow Penusvlvania and Delaware.
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 19
As soon as the grant was obtained, Cecil Calvert completed
his arrangements for the establishment cf a colony. Deeming
that the interests of the enterprise demanded his remaining in
England, he confided the colony to his brother, Leonard Cal-
vert, whom he constituted Lieutenant General or Governor.
The colony consisting of about two hundred persons embarked
in two vessels, the Ark and the Dove, from the Isle of Wight
on the 22nd of November, 163o. After many difticulties and
some dangers, these two vessels, though separated by storms
on the ocean, arrived safely oft" Point Comfort in Virginia, on
the 24th of February, 1034. They landed on the 2otli of March
on an island, to which they gave the name of St. Clement's, now
Blackiston's.
The colonists took solemn possession of Maryland with reli-
gious services conducted according to the usages of the Eoman
Catholic Church, and erected a cross as an emblem of Christi-
anity and Civilization, which they were about to plant on these
shores.
In order to make further discoveries. Governor Leonard
(Jalvert proceeded up the Potomac, near to the place now called
New Marlboro', where tljere was an Indian village governed by
Archihu, uncle to the King, or Werowance, who was at that
time an infant. When the Governor asked the Indian Chief if
he were willing that his people should settle in this country, he
replied, "I will not bid you go, neither will I bid you stay, but
you may use your own discretion." Using this discretion, tlie
Governor concluded it was not safe to settle so high u]) tlie
river. He explored the St. George, a small river on the north
side of the Potomac, and about twelve miles from the moutli,
anchored at the village of the Yoacomico Indians. The Gover-
nor explained to the Chief, or Werowance, his object in coming
to his country. The Werowance, after the custom of tlie
Indians, made but little answer to the proposition of Governor
Calvert; but, nevertheless, hospitably entertained him and liis
companions, giving up liis own rude bed for the accommoda-
tion of the Governor.
Having carefully examined the surrounding country, and
finding it possessed of many advantages which rendered it an
eligible site, Calvert determined to commence at tliis place, liis
first settlement. The ship and pinnace which he had left at St.
20 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
Clement's were ordered to join liim at Yoaconiieo. To pre-
pare tlie way for a peaceable admission into the country, he
])resented the Werowance and i^rincipal men with clothes, axes,
hoes and knives; in return for which they jiranted him about
thirty miles of territory, which he called Augusta Carolina,
afterwards the County of St. Mary's. The character of these
presents to the Werowance indicates the desire of the colonists
to introduce among the savages the first rudiments, as it were,
of civilization — the implements of agriculture.
The Indians agreed to give ui> one-half of their village for
the immediate accommodation of the settlers, including one-half
of their corn grounds, which they had already commenced to
plant. Upon the 27th day of March, 1634, the Governor took
possession of the place and named the town St. Mary's.
The Indians lived in the greatest harmony with the settlers,
they hunted together for deer and turkeys, while the women
and children became domesticated in the families of the Eng-
lish. The principles of Christianity and i)hilanthropy always
governed the colonists in their treatment of the savages.
Earnest and persistent efforts Avere made to teach them reli-
gious truth and the arts of civilized life, while their territorial
and personal rights were scrupulously respected. The rights
of the aborigines were purchased for a consideration which
gave them satisfaction. While no rewards were offered for
Indian scal])s, they gave them words and acts of lo\e and
nuMcy.
The relations that existed between the natives and the
settlers continued to \w, friendly until William Clayborue,
called by historians the Evil Genius of the colony, excited the
fears and jealousies of the Indians, by persuading them that
the new comers were not English, but Spaniards, the enemies
of the English. The simple natives bcliev<'d him and suddenly
withdrew from St. Mary's.
'fhe settlers tearing a hostile attack, postponed the building
of tiieir own houses, and erected a block-house or fortiticatiou,
regulating their conduct in the meantime towards the savages,
so as to re-awaken the old feelings of confidence and intinmcy.
The natives became convinced of the falsehood of the insinua-
tions against the setth'rs, and again resorted to the colony.
The land was divided among the settlers under tlie instructions
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 21
of the Proprietary. Owing to the dangers both from the savages
and their own countrymen from Kent Island and Virginia, the
colonists were not disposed to extend their settlements beyond
the limits of St. Mary's. Lots of five and ten acres, within the
city, were granted to all who might apply for them, while tracts
ranging from one hundred to three thousand acres were granted
to those persons applying. A rent of twenty shillings for every
thousand acres was reserved for the Proprietary.
The settlements continued to grow and prosper; already the
plantations had extended to the west side of St. George's River,
and large accessions were being added from the northern
country. New hundreds — or divisions similar to our election
districts — were erected.
The two missionaries who accompanied the colony confined
their efforts to converting the Indians who were friendly with
the settlers. As the colony increased new missionaries arrived
from England, and immediately began to penetrate into the
interior and visit every tribe and village. The Indians at
Patuxent received them very kindly and bestowed upon them a
plantation called St. Mattopany on the Patuxent, where a mis-
sionary station and store house were immediately erected.
Three men travelled in a boat, subsisted by hunting, and at
night slept under cover of a slight tent. In five years they had
extended them thi'oughout the greater part of the province.
They visited many tribes and made many converts. They had
four permanent stations, the most distant of which was one
hundred and fifty miles, located on the Monocacy River, near
where the City of Frederick now stands. Another was on the
Patuxent River, near where Triadelphia is located.
The conversion and baptism of Tayac, the chief of the Piscata-
ways, the most extensive and powerful tribe in Maryland, was
the cause of considerable rejoicing among the colonists. The
chief was taken violentl.y sick, and the forty medicine men that
surrounded him failed with all their arts of conjuring to cure
him, one of the missionaries obtained permission to treat him
and soon restored him to health.
Tayac after this abandoned the habits and dress of the savage
and adopted that of the English, and learned their language.
What is Prince George's County now was rai)idly settled,
emigrants moving up the Potomac and Patuxent Rivers.
22 niSTOEY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
Frederick County embraced all that section of country lyiuj^
west of a line drawn from the moutli of Rock Creek to the
Patuxeut River, which had formerly been embraced within the
limits of Prince George's. Thus it will be seen that what now
constitutes Monfoomery County belonged to Frederick County
in the early settlement of the colonies. The earliest settlement
within the limits of Montgomery commenced in the year 1650,
by Robert Brooke, who founded a Protestant settlement of
forty persons, including his wife and ten children, at Delia
Brooke on the Patuxent River. During the next thirty years
peace and prosperity reigned throughout the province. Persons
of wealth and distinction sought the new world for enlarged
and unoccupied fields in which to employ their wealth and
talents, while those who were proscribed for their political or
religious o])inions, were eager to abandon the shores of their
native land and seek homes in this, the Eldorado of the West.
When it is remembered that steamships were then unknown,
with no submarine cable to flash along its electric wire the
intelligence of weal or woe to friends at home, and an equally
wild and trackless wilderness before them, the abode of wild
beasts and savage men, is it not indeed wonderful to contem-
plate the jirogress of settlement in the American colonies?
Still, amid all these dangers and ditliculties, they subdued the
wilderness, founded communities, erected town and cities, and
in a little more than two hundred years, have founded an
Empire that wields a sceptre equal to the combined powers of
the East.
CHAPTER IV.
Climate and Froductiom. Tobacco and Corn, staple productions.
Oysters, Game and Fish. Indentured Whites. Slaves intro-
duced from Virginia. Tobacco the medium of barter and ex-
change. Tobacco shipments. Silver coins. Fruit and Cider.
Mails. Qualcers or Friends. Indians. Toleration.
The climate and beneficent laws tliat governed the colony of
Maryland continued to attract immigration, and the number of
counties continued to increase. They speedily made clearings
in the forest, and reduced the land to cultivation. Tobacco and
corn were the priuciijal articles cultivated. Great attention was
paid to fruit; — while the waters of the bay and rivers furnished
the greatest of delicacies, oysters, wild ducks and fish. The
people were planters and farmers, and there were no influences
to draw the peoj^le together, like in towns and cities, but left
the people free to lay the foundation of that peculiar domestic
life which has always been the characteristic and charm' of Mary-
land. Slavery was introduced fi'om Virginia, and superseded
the white servants that were so frequently to be found in the
early days of the colony. These were white emigrants, who,
wanting the means to emigrate, apprenticed their time, for a
certain period, to those who would bear that expense. This
was made a matter of barter. Usually the captain of a ship
wouhl bring out a party of emigrants, taking an indenture from
the emigrant, instead of passage money, for which he agreed to
serve for a given time. On the arrival of the ships with such
emigrants, their unexpired time was sold to the highest bidder;
the price was paid in tobacco, which was at that time the cur-
rency of the province. The cultivation of tobacco claimed the
attention of almost every one; it was the great bonanza of the
times, and hundreds of ships were employed in its transportation
abroad. There was no money in general use at this time, and
trade was conducted through the medium of barter, or the
24 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
exchange of one commodity for another. In 1650, silver coins
were issued by the Proprietary, of various denominations, hav-
ing Lord Baltimore's arms on one side, while on the other was
the motto, Crescite et MultipUcamim. Very little of this coin
came into general circulation; tobacco had become the common
currency of the province — one pound of it being equal to three
pence English money. It was made a legal tender, at one
penny a pound, in 1732.
The luxuries of the present day were unknown; they sat
upon stones and benches; the back of the bench was so con-
structed that it could be turned up, and form the top for a table,
around which sat the hardy pioneers, after the toils and excite-
ments of the day, consequent upon the life of a frontiersman,
drank their cider and sack, in lieu of coffee and tea, which were
seldom used. Apples and peaches were raised in great abund-
ance; two or three varieties of white apples were cultivated for
summer use, while long stem, red, red streak, and black red
streak were the principal varieties in use for autumn and winter.
Communication was had, in the absence of post I'oads and
mail facilities, by sending letters through private hands, and it
is astonishing with what rapidity a letter or communication
would travel through these sparsely settled communities. Each
and every one of the settlers were alike interested in the i)rompt
and safe delivery of the letters intrusted to their care to for-
ward, and would often leave their work and mount the fastest
horse on the plantation, and speed to the next settlement, where
it would again be taken in <;harge, and in a like manner for-
warded to the next settlement or plantation, and so on until it
reached the person for whom it was directed; in this way letters
travelled tifty and sixty miles in the course of twenty-four
hours, rivalling, in point of time, the delivery by some of the
local mails at the present time.
Trav(;lling was done on horseback by land, while canoes or
small ])oats wen; brought into requisition when it was desirable
or exj)edient tt) travel by water.
The (Quakers, or Friends as they are called, found in this
province a refuge and home from their persecutors. In the
province of Massachusetts, laws had been passed that pro-
scribed then> as a " Cursed tiecV They were im])risoned "with-
out bail," and sentenced to banishment upon "])ain of death."
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 25
They were to be maimed, whipped, and "men or women to have
their tongues bored through with a red hot iron." These perse-
cutions led George Fox, a zealous leader, to come to Maryland;
being delighted with the country and realizing the fact, that the
laws and liberal i)olicy of the province placed no restrictions
upon religious liberty, he remained in the colony and preached
the doctrines of his sect, both to the settlers and the natives,
Indian chiefs and their subjects. The members of the Legisla-
ture and the Council, men of distinction, justices of the peace,
and even the heir of the Proprietary himself came to listen to
him preach. Maryland was indeed, to the Friends, the Land of
Promise. Whatever difBculties they may have had with the
government came from refusal to i)erform military duty, and
their rejection of oaths; but they were subsequently relieved
even of these requirements. They established settlements or
meetings through St. George's and Montgomery Counties, and
accomplished a great deal towards promoting the material
development and intellectual advancement of the country. The
first house built by the friends in Montgomery County, was by
James Brooke, on "Brooke Grove," granted in 1728. Here
Friends gathered in sufficient numbers to establish a flourishing
meeting, and, a little more than a century ago, they took a
step that distinguished them from surrounding communities, by
the emancipation of their slaves. The house is occupied at
present by William J. Schofield. By their patient industry and
perseverance, combined with their intellectual culture, social
intercourse, agricultural knowledge, their fidelity to the princi-
ples of moral truth and human advancement, the Quakers have
left an impress upon the character of the whole people, which
has given an emulating stimulus to their aims and energies,
which will be in powerful and unabated operation, when the
marble and bronze, that now commemorates less meritorious
achievements, shall have disappeared under the corroding influ-
ences of the march of time.
During this time the aborigines and the colonists were living
side by side upon terms of the greatest friendshij).
The Chesapeakes had disappeared entirely from Maryland,
and the remnant of the tribe had removed to the banks of the
Elizabeth River, in Virginia, under the protection and dominion
of the Powhatans. The Yoacomicos still lived upon the St.
3
26 HISTORY OF MONTGOSEERY COUNTY.
Mary's Kiver. and liad become mostly domesticated with the
settlers. Tiie Susqueliaiinocks, at the head of the Chesai)eake
Bay, who were at some <listanct^ from the colouists, and less
under the intlnence of the wliites than the Yoacomicos, with
whom tliey were at enmity, and constantly at war, gave the
settlers some tronble; bnt as the pioneers were constantly pnsh-
ing their discoveries and explorations northward and Avestward,
and as the stream of emigration continued to pour into the
c<ilony from all parts of Europe, bnt more especially the English,
Scotch and Welsh, ilic Indians were conn)elled to withdraw
from the homes of their lathers, and seek new hunting grounds
towards the setting sun.
Tlie i'iseataways and AnactKstians, nnder thefosteiing care of
the settlers, and the wise and beneficent teachings of the mission-
aries, were fast becoming civilized and adopting the habits of
the whites. Their ideas of civilization seemed to centre in the
po.ssession of a hat. Wlien once the Indian consented to wear a
bat, it was prima facie evidence that the Indian heart had been
changed, and his savage instincts converted from the war-path
and the cliase, to those of a more modern and cixilized charac-
ter. Among the numerous cases of the Indians' friendship
towards the lirst settlers, the following incident will illustrate
the friendly feelings existing among the Piscataways for the
whites. Madam Perrie, lier three sons and sou-in-law left
Europe in Killf), and commenced a settlement on the Patuxent
liiver, n<'ar where .Magruder's Feiry is now located. As they
were journeying along on the evening of a summer's day, they
readied the verge of a hill eomnianding a view of the valley of
tlic r(»b»mac. it was a Iteautiful woodland scene; a vast forest
Ktreteliing along as far as tlie eye could reach, inhabited by wild
beasts and birds (»!' prey. No indication of civilized man was
anywliere near; s<'attered ahuig llic baidcs of the river, amidst
the dark green hazel, coidd be discovered the Indian wigwams,
tlie smoke issning therelidiii in its spiral (brm. ]So sound was
heard but the songs of the biids; in silence they contemplated
the beanlilnl prospect which nature luesented to their view.
Snddenly a ninnber iA' Indians darted from the woods — the
females shrieked — when an Indian advanced, and, in broken
English, said to Madanu' Perrie, "Indian no harm white — white
good to Indian — go lo MattawiMini — our chief — come to Matta-
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 27
woma." Few were the words of the Indian. They went with
him to Mattawoma's cabin; and Mattawoma, with the humanity
that distinguished the Indians of that tribe, gave up to the
immigrants his wigwam. The next day he conveyed them to
the Indian village of Piscataway, which was fifteen miles below,
where now stands Washington, and at the mouth of Piscata-
way Creek, where resided their Chief, Tayac, to whom he intro-
duced the madame and her retinue. The chief entertained
them in regal style and splendor, and gave them permission to
settle in any portion of his dominions. During the entire subse-
quent history of the province, no aggressive war was ever waged
by her people against the Indians. They dwelt together in
peace and amity, until the latter either emigrated to the West,
or lost their identity as a people by absorption. Some unim-
portant conflicts took place with the Indians during the pro-
gress of the settlements. These were principally to repel the
inroads of hostile tribes from beyond her borders, but none
could be dignified as wars.
Such consideration had our forefathers for the rights of these
people, that when the Senecas, a tribe of the Six Nations, who
came from the State of New York, invaded their territory, under
a claim of doubtful right to a portion of its soil, instead of
repulsing the hostile incursion and driving them back to their
homes, they appointed commissioners to settle the dispute, and
purchased their alleged claim for three hundred pounds sterling.
The colony having respected the rights of the original owners
of the soil, exercised the same justice and forbearance towards
their European brethren, who came and settled among them.
Although religious toleration had been declared by the Pro-
prietary as one of the fundamental principles of the social union
over which he presided ; yet, in order to give the principle the
sanction of authority, the Assembly proceeded to incorporate it
in the laws of the province. It was enacted, that no person,
professing to believe in Jesus Christ, should be molested in
respect to his religion, or the free exercise thereof; and that any
one who should reproach his neighbor with opprobrious names,
of religious distinction, should pay a fine to the person insulted.
Thus it will be seen that Maryland was the first province in
which religious toleration was established by law. While at
this very period the Puritans were persecuting their Protestant
28 HISTOEY OF MONTGOaiERY COUNTY.
brctlii'fii ill >»o\v Iji-^laiul, and the Episco])a]iaus were retorting
witli the same severity on the Puritans in Vir<>inia, there was
forniinjr, in Maryland, a sanctuary where all might worship,
and n<»ne might oj^press; and where even Protestants songlit
refuge from I'rotestant intolerance.
Annapolis, which had been erected into a port of entry in
lOS;?, was made the seat of government in 1691. For a i)eriod
of forty years the colony enjoyed almost undisturbed tranquillity.
The only troubles were contests between the Governor and
Council, who formed the upper house, and the delegates of the
p»'oi)le in ilic lower house. These struggles were the germ of
that mighty contest in which the liberties of the people were
tinally secured.
CHAPTER V.
Land Grants.
JosepWs Parlx. OirVs Portion. Leehe Forest. Hermitage. St.
Winexburg. CarrolVs Forest. Ban. BrightwelVs Hunting
Quarter. Glean Brinldng. Bear Reel: Maiden^s Fancy.
Bear Bacon. Friendship. Charles and Thomas. Friendship.
Clagetfs Purchase. Huntington. Contention!. Bradford's
Rest. Addition to Bradford's Rest. Bradford's Rest. Bung
Hill. Thompson's Hop Yard. Cool Spring Level. Allison's
Parle. Archibald's Lot. Younger Brother. Bispute. Two
Brothers. The Exchange. The JSfew Exchange. Addition to
Ban. Joseph and James.
The general progress of settlement in what is now Mont-
gomery Connty, was to the north and westward, a course which
has uniformly been pursued in every State and community since
the earliest history. Among the fii-st of recorded patents is
that of
Joseph's Park, and was granted to William Joseph, May
20th, 1689, containing four thousand two hundred aud twenty
acres. This tract lies on the east side of Rock Creek and em-
braces Knowles' Station, Forest Glen Station and Linden Sta-
tion, including the farms of Alfred Ray, William A. Batchelor,
and Carroll's or St. John's Chapel. The Brookville and Wash-
ington Turnpike passes through it, from Augustus Burgdorf s
farm nearly to Grace Church.
IN Girl's Portion. This was surveyed for Colonel Henry
jr Dulaney, in 1088. Extends from Rock Creek, eastward, to O.
H. P. Clark's farm, three and three-eighths miles. The Asliton
and Sligo Turnpike passes through the tract. The Silver Spring
Farm, the estate of the late F. P. Blair, and the residence of
the Hon. Montgomery Blair, includes a portion of the tract;
also, the Silver Spring Station and Sligo. The Brookville and
Washington Turnpike crosses it.
(
$<^-v%~»- / r_
30 HISTORY 0¥ MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
I.oeko Forost. This additional tract of seven hundred and
ten at-res, was also surveyed for Colonel Henrj' J)ulaney, in
1688. It lies west of "eJosei)li's Park," on the west side of Eock
Creek, and extends west one and seven -eighths miles. The
Kockville and (Tcorgetown Ttirni)ike passes through it. The
farms of the late Saninol Perry and William Ilndlestou, on the
old (leorgetowu road, and Bethesda Church are included within
its limits.
IIorinilnKO. (iranted to AVilliam Joseph, May 2nd, 1689,
for three tliousand eight hundred and sixty-six acres. This
g'l'ant lies on tlic east side of Kocdc Creek and adjoins "Joseph's
Park" on the noith, and extending fioni \'ier's Mill to the inter-
section of the Kockville and Washington Turn])ike w4th the
Union Turnpike Company's road. The Brookville and Wash-
ingtt)n Tuinpike passes through it from the Watery Branch to
one-fourth of a mile south of Mitchell's Cross Koads. The City
rcKul, from Kockville to Washington i)asses through it, from
Craves' farm to Aug. Burgdorf's farm, at the hitersection of the
iiro(»kvilIe and ^Vashington Turni)ike. The Norwood Turnpike
travei'ses the tract from Kemp's store to Lyddaue's farm, or its
inteisection with the Brookville and W^ashington Tui'upike. It
eml)ra(;es many tine farms and elegant residences. Lying to
the east of " Ileiinitage" is
St. WinrxlMir;;. surveyed for John Woodcock, May 3rd,
I«».si», for li\(' hundred acres, extending- from the North-west
luaneli at Kemp's Mill, westward one and one-half miles west of
the l'>r()i>k\iMe and Wasiiington Turn])ike. The road from
Kemp's .Mill to Lyddaue's farm and tlie Norwood Turnpike
passes llirough it. 'fliis grant includes the estate of the late
William Pierce. Immediately north of "St. Winexburg" is
located
CarrolI'M Torosl, gi'anted to Charles (^arroll. May 3rd, 1689,
consi.siin;; ol li\c hiindi'ed acres. This tiael was conveyed May
.'{rd. IT'.H, Ity Charles Cairoil, ol Canolltou, to John Connelly.
On tlif west side of K'ocU Creek, north of "Leeke Forest," and
west ol •• !!< 1 iiiitage," is a trad (ailed
I>an, granted TiKtmas Brooke, Seplend)er6th, 169-4, for three
Ihousanil six iiun<lied and ninety-seven acres, extending from
HoeU Cre«'k, one and a hall' miles west, and u\) t lie creek north
two anrl seven «'iglillis of ;i mile. The Ceoigetown Turnpike
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 31
passes over it from Mr. Codwise's farm to that of the late
Samuel Perry. The year following, attracted no doubt by the
fertility of the bottom lands lying on the banks of the Potomac,
Eichard BrightAvell, with a more adventurous spirit than any
of the previous settlers, and actuated by a noble impulse,
ascended the Potomac River above the mouth of the Great
Seneca, and sought to establish a settlement far from his neigh-
bors, where he and his friends could enjoy the pleasure and
excitements of fishing and hunting. Here could be found in
abundance, buffaloes, bears, wolves and deer; the Sugar Loaf
Mountain and the chain of hills that extend to the Monocacy
River, afibrding them ample shelter and protection from the
skill and piusuit of the wily hunter. He located his grant
between Edward's Ferry and the mouth of the Great Seneca,
and named it
Briglitwell's Hiiiitiiig Quarter, patented August 29th,
1695, and contained one thousand and eighty-six acres. It ex-
tended for about four miles along the Potomac River, and is
now traversed its entire length by the Chesapeake and Ohio
Canal. The beginning of this tract was destroyed in the con-
struction of the canal, but a suitable stone was planted in its
stead at the bottom of the canal, which is known only to a few
persons. Leaving Mr. Brightwell with his dogs and guns, to
enjoy himself to the best of his ability, for the next twenty-
five years the course of settlements on Rock Creek, continued
west of the Creek. Located west of "Joseph's Park," and
south of "Leeke Forest," is situated
Clean Drinking? patented to John Coats, October 1st,
1G99, for seven hundred acres. This tract extends down Rock
Creek to Jones' Bridge. Walter C. Jones established a mill on
this survey, and leaves his epitaph upon an old stone that still
remains a living monument of his folly. The inscription, though
somewhat defaced by time, is still legible, it reads:
" Here lies the body and bones
Of old Walter C. Jones;
By his not thinking,
/ He lost ' Clean Drinking,'
And by his shallow pate,
He lost his vast estate."
32 HISTORY OF MONTGOIMERY COUNTY.
Following the settlements on Eock Creek, comes those upon
the Patnxent Eiver. ,^
Koar ]¥ook, iiranted Benjamin Williams, March 26th, 1700,
for one hnndred and fifty acres. Adjacent to this, and lying to
tlie south, is
]nai<leii*M Fancy* to Xeal Clark, surveyed September 11th,
17(»(». for live hniulred and eighty acres. This tract is situated
in the south-east corner of the County, and the intersection of
the Patuxent. Two miles above on the river, is
Hoar Bacon, surveyed for jMark liichardson, June 24th,
ITOo, containing six hundred acres. The Ashton and Laurel
roa<l i>assos through this tract from the cemetery to Liberty
Grove school-house. The next settlements made in the County
were located in the south-western part, between Rock Creek and
the Potoniac Kiver.
Friciidsliip, patented to Thomas Addison and James Stod-
dart, December 1st, 1711, for three thousand one hundred and
twenty-four acres. This land extends from near the Potomac
and below Edmund Brooke's fiirm, a south-easterly and easterly
direction across the Georgetown Turu])ike, north of Tenally-
town, and up the pike, north-westerly, near to Bethesda post
otiice, and contains many rich and valuable farms; Allison
Nailor's lands, and the farms of Richard Williams, Henry
Loughborough, and others. The river road passes through
from Hider's farm to near Tenallytown. Adjoining, and on the
east, lies
C'liarlcH and Tlionia!!>, surveyed for Charles Beale and
Thomas Fleteliall, Ai)ril 8th, 17ir>, containing four hundred
and nineteen acres. The road from Tenallytown to Jones'
Bridge, runs tliroiigii the land. On the noith, and west of
"Friendship," lies anolli( r tract, called
FricndKliip, ,A;r Thomas Beale and Charles FlctcJtall, May
2nd, I71."i, lor one thoiisiind three hundred aiul sixty-eight acres.
This tract extends from th<' lai ins of L. A. Lodge, in a north-
ca.st eourhe as far as ('. \\ , Lansdale's farm.
CiaKcH'N l>iirciiaM<s surveyed for 'I'iuMuas Fletchall, April
lOtli. I7i:». (■••iitaining s«'ven hinKlivd mid seventy-two acres
and sitiiatrd west of ''Clean Driiddng," arid soutii of "Leeke
Forest." The, (ieorgetown Turnpike crosses the tract from the
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 33
branch below Bethesda Church, to nearly its intersection with
the old Georgetown road. Immediately^ west of this, is
Hnntington, surveyed for Thomas Fletchall, December
10th, 1715, comprising three hundred and seven acres. It is
divided by the old Georgetown road. West of "Leeke Forest,"
and west of " Huntington," comes
Contention, gTanted to William Fitz Eedman, February
5th, 1715, containing- six hundred and twenty acres, embracing
the farms of Mr. Yeabower, and others. North of "Hermitage''
and east of Rock Creek, is found
Bradford's Re$^t, granted to Major John Bradford, June
3rd, 1713, comprising two thousand six hundred and fifty-eight
acres. Adjacent, and on the west, lies the
Addition to Bradford's Rest, granted to Major John
Bradford, September 20th, 1715, for five hundred and eighty-
four acres. And again, the same lands re-surveyed, with lands
added, and called
Bradford's Rest, for Major John Bradford, June 10th,
1718, containing four thousand eight hundred and ninety-two
acres. This tract extends up Eock Creek, north, as far as Wil-
liam E. Muncaster's farm, and east, as far as the late Eoger
Brooke's farm. The road from Rockville to Baltimore runs
through the grant, from William S. Brooke's farm to Granville
Stabler's farm, three and one-half miles; and the Brook ville
and Washington Turnpike runs through it from near Higgins'
Tavern, nearly to Ranies' store, The lands embrace many ele-
gant farms, including those of Philip Riley, Charles Abert,
the late Roger Brooke, A. R. Wadsworth, William S. Brooke,
Hon. Allen Bowie Davis, A. H. Herr, and others.
The streams and water courses seem to have attracted the
attention of the early settlers, as is proven by the location of the
grants. First comes Rock Creek, and then North-West branch
which was the next point selected by the emigrants, followed
by the settlements along the Patuxent; after this come Watts'
Branch and Hawling's River. The first on Watts' Branch, was
I>nng Hill, surveyed for Walter Evans, August 10th, 1715,
containing five hundred and thirty-six acres. It was situated on
the Potomac, at the mouth of Watts' Branch. The Chesapeake
and Ohio Canal runs through it, as does also the river road, from
34 HISTORY OF MONTGOiMERY COUNTY.
iicai' Watts' Hranch to Cornell's farm. Immediately below this
grant, lying along the Potomac, comes
Tlioiiipson's II«p Yard, i»atente(l by Jobn Thompson,
J)t'ccnil»er 8lh, 171.~», and which embraced one hundred acres.
Tliis is hut a short distance abo\'e the Great Falls.
Cool Spring I^evel, to Archibald Edmouston, April 28th,
1717, containing live lunidred and ninety-two acres. This tract
is situated <»ii tlic road from Olfutt's Cross Roads to the Great
Falls. On tiie north of this road,
Allison'H Park, suiveyed for John Allison, June 10th,
171."), embracing six liundivd and twenty acres, and lying south
of Watts' Ibanch. Adjacent to this,
s Ar«'liil»ald*s Lot, granted to James Moore, March 17th,
17 IS. This tract lies on the road from Rockville to the Great
Falls, and contained one hundred acres, and is embraced in the
farm of .Jacob Miber.
Voiiiigor IlrotlK'r. This tract lies west of Watts' Branch,
and was surv('\«'d for William Otiutt, August 21st, 1717, and
contained six hundred acres, and comi)rises tlie farms of Wil-
liam ^'iers and Joseph T. Bailey. Following this, comes
l>ispiilo, l\ing on the head-waters of Watts' Branch, sur-
veyed for Charles and ^Villianl Beall, January 19th, 1719, con-
taining six hundred and seventy acres. An older tract then lies
to the east of this, and is called the
Two IJrollKM'si, eomi)rising twelve hundred acres, through
wiiith ])asses Watts' Ibaneh and the road from Rockville to
Darnestttwn. 'IMie next that claims attention on Watts' Branch, is
'riM' i:x<'liaiige, for Arthur Nelson, granted March lOth,
1718, for foui- hundicd and eighteen acres; and again, to the same
person, .lanuary 28tli, 17 lit,
Tii«» ]\«'\v r.xrliaiig*', lor one hundred and fifty acres.
These two were re sui\eyed, Decembei' 2((th, 1721, and were
ealletl ^'l-Ai'liange and iS'ew I'^xehange iMi];n'g(Ml," for Arthur
Nelson, and contained sixteen lunidred and t wen ty acres. By
this extension the tract extended down Watts' Jiranch a long
distance, ami iinlMiiccd I he site upon wliich Ro(;k\ille was origi-
niilly liiiili. Tlie load from b'ockville to (lie (Jreat Falls passes
for more than two miles ihiough the tract. Tlie County Boor
House farm, .ludge I'.ouic's, (O'Neal's,) .b>hn 1''. Wilson's, and
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 35
other farms are included in this tract. North of " Dan," men-
tioned previous, is the
Addition to Dan, surveyed for Philip Lee, December 10th,
1717, contaiuing five hundred and seventy-six acres; traversed
by the Georgetown Turnpike. Then came Josei^h West and
James Holmai'd, who joined in a co-partnership, and had a tract
surveyed, containing five hundred and thirty-five acres, and
when they came to give it a name, were at considerable trouble
to select one that would give satisfaction to both partners, each
wanted his name selected for the tract, so as to appear on the
records at Annapolis. Much was said on the subject by both
parties; finally a compromise was efifected by mutual friends,
who taking their two Christian names, joined them with the
copulative conjunction "and," which gave them
Joseph and James, and was so patented October 15th,
1718. It is situated on the road from Eockville to Gaithersburg,
and embraces the farms of Samuel Clements and others.
CHAPTER VI.
Land Grants — Continued.
Easy Purchase. Frienclshij) Enlarged. Brumaldry. Lay Hill.
SnoH'den'^K Manor. Snoicdcn^s Manor Enlarged. Charles and
Benjamin. George the Third. BealVs Manor. Beall ChrisHe.
Bear Garden Enlarged. Deer Pari;. Snowden Mill. Charley
Forest. Addition to Charley Forest. Hygham. GoUVs Branch.
Gitting\s Hah ! Hah ! ! Bordley\s Choice. Brooke Grove.
Addition to Broole Grore. John and Sarah. Benjamin''s JjOt.
New Year's Gift. Antra. Easy Come By. Mill Ijand. Boyd^s
Delay. Magri(der\s Hazard. Paradise. Bernardh Desire.
Wicl-ham and Pottinger''s Discovery. Partnership. The Bro-
ther '' Industry. Deer Park. Fellou-ship. Constant Friend-
sJiijt.
In following the succession of settlements, it is necessary to
return to the North-west Branch, where Archibald Edmonston
ftjund ;ni
KuH.y Puroliase, granted April 23rd, 1716, consisting of
nine Inindrcd acres, extending from the Nortli-west Branch to
the West I'oint IJrancli. The Asliton and Sligo Turnpike runs
tlintugli the er'tirc length of it, iVoni John T. Baker's farm
behiw and near ('oles\ ille, to tlie late Johns Hopkins farm at
the intersection ot llie Columbia road. Crossing to the east
side of tlie North-wi'st liraneli, is located
rriondsliip l.iilarKiMl. lor Alexaiuler Beall, May 14th,
17H», ('(Milaining nine liiiiirlicd mid twenty acres, and extending
from n<'ar the <"«Hiiity line njt lo the north of Bond's Mill, on
the Ashloii and Sligo Tnni|)ike. A short distance north of
"('arroll's I'orest," heretolbic described, lies a tract called
l>riiiii:il<ir.v* sMi\c\cd for James Beall, Sejjtember IGth
ITl.'i. Idi two hiindi'cd :ind IwciiIn li\c ncres. Il lies on the
North-west I'.ranch :ind end»races tiu* farm ol James Honifant.
On tlie North west Braiuh, and still north of this, James Beall
wa« granted
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 37
liay Hill, August 17tb, 1716, containing one thousand two
hundred and ninety-eight acres. The North-west Branch runs
through the tract, while the Norwood Turnpike passes the
entire length. The farms of Abraham Van Horn, A. J. Cashell
and others are situated on it. On the ridge dividing the head
waters of the Patuxent Kiver and Nortb-west Branch, lies a
tract embracing many farms called
Snowden'^ Mauor, surveyed for Eichard Snowden, De-
cember 10th, 1715, containing one thousand acres. The Ashton
and Sligo Turnpike runs through the estate, also the road from
Ashton to Laurel. The tract embraces the lands of William
John Thomas, the farms of William Lee, Warwick Miller, Asa
Stabler, and the farm and bone mill of William Bond. A re-sur-
vey was made twenty-eight years after and was called
!Snowden*s Manor Enlarged, for Eichard Snowden,
dated March 5th, 1743, and embraced nine thousand two hun-
dred and sixty-five acres. This Manor contains some of the
finest farms in the County. The Laurel road passes through it
from Ashton, through Spencerville to the cemetery near Libertj^
Grove Church. The turnpike from Ashton to Wiupenny's farm
near Colesville runs upon it, while the Norwood Turnpike
passes through it from Joseph Moore's farm to Van Horn's
farm. The North-west Branch runs through the tract from
near Ashton to Kemp's Mill.
Charles and Benjamin, surveyed and granted to Charles i
Beall, July 2nd, 1718, containing two thousand two hundred and
eighty acres. This tract extends from E. J. Hall's farm down
the Brookville and Washington Turnpike to Higgins' Tavern,
embracing the farms of Z. D. Waters, Thomas Waters, Josiah
W. Jones, Samuel Cashell, and others. The Episcopal Church
at Mechanicsville is located on this grant. The town of Me-
chanicsville is built on a small tract occasioned by a vacancy
between older surveys, and was named after the King of
England,
George the Third, and gTanted to Eichard Brooke, July
28th, 1763, and contained forty-seven acres. Eeturning again
to West Point Branch,
Beall's Manor is found, granted to Charles and William
Beall, February 14th, 1720, embracing seventeen hundred and
eighty -seven acres. Situated on the head- waters of West Point
38 HISTORY OF M0NTG05IERY COUNTY.
Braiicli, bt'uimiin.u in Thomas Winpeimy's house-yard, a mile
north of ColesviUe on the Ashton ami Sligo Turnpike. On it
are located the farms of Thomas Wini)enny, Mr. O'Hare, Lloyd
Green. ,1. W. llanoroft, and others. Colesville stands on a tract
adjacent to " Beall's Manor," surveyed about the same time, and
called
Koall C'lirislio. and contained five hundred and six acres.
C(»lfs\ illc is a tlirivinu' villaiic of recent date.
\ If oar Garden Kiilarged, surveyed for Archibald Edmou-
ston, November KHli, 171G, containing twelve hundred and sixty-
five acres. Adjoining this tract,
I>o«'r I'ark. surveyed for Archibald Edmonstou, February
14th, ITL'O, containing six hundred and eighty-two acres. This
grant, uk biding "I>oall Christie," lies between the West Point
and tlie I'ast Point liranches, and embrace the farms of Julius
Marlow. and others. Adjacent to '' Beairs Manor," is
SuoMden ]»lill, granted to Ivichard Snowdeu in October,
1723, surveyed for five hundred and forty-six acres. The
Columbia road ])asses by this tract; while it is well watered
by the West Point Branch passing through it. Nancy Brown's
farm, and otliers are included, as also the road from John
T.ei/.ar's to Nancy Brown's.
Ciiarlcj Forest, was granted to Major John Bradford, and
contained one thousand two hundred and thirty acres. In-
creased by
Addition lo Charley Forest, surveyed for the same per-
son, SeptemiH'r Kith, ITliO. These two united, extend from
Mechaiiiesville to within a short distance of where SuelFs Bridge
crosses the Patuxent lUvcr. The turnpike from Mechanicsville
to Sandy Springs and Ashton passes over it, and from Ashton,
tlie road to Sni-lTs Bridge; and the road to Brighton runs on it.
(hi ihisiract is situated Sandy Si)rings and Ashton, including
many valuable fainis, viz: l^'aii- Hill farm, at Mechanicsville,
witii the faniis nl' William II. Karciuhar, Albin (lilinn, K. T.
P)entley, Ivlward Thomas, and many otluTS. The tract is lo-
cated t»n the dividing ridge that sej)arates the head- waters of
the North west Branch and Cabin Creek.
Ill following (he order of dates iy settlement, llawlings' Kiver
Ih reaclu'd, when
HISTORY OF MONTGO]VrERY COUNTY. 39
Hygliam is foiiiKl, granted to John Bradford, Febrnary
23rd, 1720, surveyed for one hundred acres. Beginning from
the same tree, is
Gold's Brancli, granted to Kichard Suowden, July 30th,
1722, for two hundred and fifty-seven acres. These two grants
lie on Hawlings' Eiver, and constituted a portion of the farm of
Hon, Allen Howie Davis, his residence being located on the
latter, through which the Westminster road passes, and also
Gold Branch, a small tributary of Hawlings' Eiver.
Gitting's Hall ! Hali I ! was surveyed for Thomas Spriggs
and Eichard Simmons, July 27th, 1724, and contained five hun-
dred and seventeen acres, lying on both sides of Hawlings'
Eiver, embracing the following farms: James T. Holland's,
Thomas John Holland's, William Brown's, and others. Adjoin-
ing this, lies
Bordley's Choice, granted to Thomas Bordley, April 8th,
1725, for one thousand acres. The Eeedy Branch, an off-shoot
of Hawlings' Eiver, divides the tract and affords plenty of water
to the following farms: Thomas J. Holland's, AVilliam Eiggs', "
Thomas Eiggs' and Brice Howard's. The Brookville Academy
is located on this survey. Adjoining this grant lies a tract,
originally
Brooke Grove, surveyed for James Brooke, September 4th,
1728, and a re-survey for the same person, November loth, 1741,
for three thousand one hundred and fifty-four acres, and again
re-surveyed, so as to include the adjacent vacancies, and named
Addition to Brooke Grove, surveyed for James Brooke,
September 29th, 1762, and contained seven thousand nine hun-
dred and six acres. After this addition to his Grove, he had
eleven thousand and sixty acres granted by patent, and six
thousand by purchase, and owned at the time of his death,
nearly twenty thousand acres.
This tract extends from Thomas J. Holland's farm, some eight
or nine miles in a north-westerly direction, beyond the Big
Seneca. The town of Brookeville, which was founded in 1780,
and Laytonsville are situated on it. The road from Brookeville
to Laytonsville passes through the tract, which embraces souie
of the finest farms in the County, including those of E. J. Hall,
the late Dr. William B. Magruder, John Eiggs, Charles Brooke,
the late Walter Magruder, David L. Pugh, Thomas D. Gaither,
40 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
and Saiiiuol Riggs, of K. This was the largest tract of land
owned by one i)erson in the County, and gives an example of
the wealth and iiiHnence enjoyed by these early Princes of the
Manoi-. James Brooke was a descendant of Robert Brooke,
who established a Protestant Colony at
Delia Krooke, on the Patnxent, on the 29th of June, 1650,
seventy ciglit years ])revious. ,
John and Sarah, surveyed for John Philburn, December
21st, 1724, and contained two hundred acres, includes the town
of Unity.
KoiiJaininN T^ot, surveyed for Benjamin Gaitlier, April
8th, 172;"), for tive hundred and sixteen acres. Located on the
Patnxent River and embraces the town of Triadelphia, and
includes the farms of Robert Brown, and others.
The "Westminster road from Brookeville i^asses through
"Bordley's Choice," "Gold Branch," "Addition to Brooke
Grove" and "Benjamin's Lot," to the Patnxent Bridge.
l^'^ew Year's Gift, granted to Thomas Bordlej', October
11th, 1720, for eleven hun<lred and forty-three acres, and is situ-
ated near the head-waters of Hawlings' River. The road from
Unity to Damascus runs through it. While it embraces the farms
of the late Thomas Griffith, A. B. Worthington, Charles Button
and Richard H. Griffith.
With tlic granting ol' this tract, the settlements along the
Patnxent, Hawlings, and head-waters of the Big Seneca Rivers
seemed to come to a close, and remained so until about 1741,
when they again commenced, and ra])idly continued until 1775,
when very little vacant land remained.
iveturning again to Rock Creek on the west side and ])assing
down on the south of the road leading from Rockville to Balti-
inoic, Caleb ijitton has ibund a suitable place and concludes to
look no fai'ther, and
Antra is surveyed for him, January 18th, 1720, and found to
contain lour linndred and i'wv acres; since which time, Hon.
Allen Txtwie i)a\is Ibund it co\-enient to add a })ortion of this
trai't to his IJock Creek fai in.
I^any Coin*' ll.y. surxcyed Ibr William Pottinger, and con-
tained thi-ee liundi'e(| acres, granted to him October 2nd, 1722.
Adjacent to this, is
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 11
Mill Liaud, surveyed for Edward Dawson, March lOth,
1724, contained two hundred and fourteen acres, and is situated
on the west of Eock Creek, and hes on the north side of the
road from Rockville to Baltimore, and embraces the farms of
Judge Eichard I. Bowie, and others. Three miles from Eock-
ville, on the east of Eock Creek, and about one mile north-
easterly from " Mill Land," lies
Boyd's Delay, surveyed November 12th, 1725, and granted
to John Boyd, June 6th, 1727, and contained two hundred and
thirty-three acres, afterwards increased by the addition of
several tracts, both by purchase and grant. Many of his
descendants are still to be found in the County. His great-
grandson, the late Eev. E. T. Boyd, an eminent divine, and one
of the founders of the Methodist Protestant Church, and father
of the publisher of this volume, was born ou this estate in
1794. His widow is still living and resides in Clarksburg of
this County. The lands embrace the farms of William E.
Muncaster, Eoger B. Farquhar, and James F. Barnsly.
Magruder's Hazard, surveyed for Samuel and John Ma-
gruder, November 23rd, 1726, and contained one hundred acres.
Paradise, surveyed for Thomas Gittiugs, September 17th,
1728, for two hundred acres. These two tracts lie on the east
side of Eock Creek. The road fi-om Eedlaud to Muucaster's
Mill passes through them.
Bernard's Desire, surveyed for Luke Bernard, February
1st, 1723, containing two hundred and thirty acres. The road
from Eockville to Eedlaud passes through this tract, as also
through the farm of the late John Beau.
Wickliaui and Pottinger's Discovery, surveyed for
Nathan Wickham and Samuel Pottinger, January 1st, 1721, and
contained one thousand acres, and is situated on Piney Branch,
and embraces the farms of N. D. Offutt, Mary M. Dodd, Samuel
Jones, and others.
Partnership, granted to Henry Massey and John Flint,
A]uil 4th, 1722, and comprised two hundred acres, and adjoins
"Dung Hill," heretofore mentioned. Watts' Branch runs
through the laud, which embraces at i^resent the farm of Elbert
Perry.
The Brothers' Indnstry, surveyed for James Wallace,
Ajiril 16th, 1722, for one thousand four hundred and twenty-
1 '
\
\
42 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
nine acres, and includes the farms of Edwin Wallace, Solon
Youn<j, and others.
Deer Park, surveyed for Ralph Crabb, April 19th, 1722,
and contained four Inindred and seventy acres. It lies on the
ridge separating the head-waters of Muddy Branch from those
of Whetstone Branch, aiul embraces a portion of Gaithersburg,
a station on the ^letroijolitan Ivaili'oad, and since its incorpora-
tion as a city, has rapidly iini)roved.
FelloMsliip, surveyed for Xatlian Wi(;kham and Samuel
Pottinger, March lOth, 1723, and contained four hundred acres,
and lies on the head-waters of Whetstone Branch, and embraces
the farm of the late Charles Saffell and the late Xathau Cook's
hojne farm.
<'oii<«f aiif Frioiidsliip, granted to Joseph West and James
Halniard in 1722, lies near liockville, and includes the lands ot
Levi Veirs, and othei's.
As an evidence of the rai)i(l growth of the province of Mary-
land during those early c(>lonial days, it is only necessary to
glance at the Itecords of the Counties, and by examining the
land patents, as described in this clmpter, it will be found that
from the scttleuK'nt of "Easy I'urchase" in 1710, to the survey
of "Constant Friendship"'' in 1722, com])rising as it does a large
portion of the County, was accomplished in the short space of
six years. And again, by examining the names and titles given
the various tra(;ts, it w ill be found that our forefathers were
gentlemen of education and rejincment — unlike the emigrant
of tlic present, who lands on our shores ignorant and i)enni-
less — tliey came to the New World to establish a country and
a home, where liberty of thought and freedom of s])eech were to
be the fundamental principles upon which to base their struc-
ture. They came and brought their wives, their children, and
their hous<'liol(l go<ls, determined to brave all dangers, that
they might becpu'ath to their chiUlren an inheritance worthy of
their noble sires.
CHAPTER VII.
Land Grants — Contiinued.
WicJxhani's Good Will. The Joseph. Middle Flautation. Ma-
gruder and BealVs Honesty. Clewericald Enlarged. Goose
Pond. Bear Ben. Prevention. Saint Mary^s. Valentine's
Garden Enlarged. Re-survey on Valentine's Garden Enlarged.
Saymond's Addition. Concord. Hanover. Flinfs Grove.
Happy Choice. Hopeivell. Jeremiahh Parle. Partnership.
The Ke-survey on Part of Forest. BanlvS Venture. Abraham^s
Lot. Kilhnain. John's Belight. Conclusion. Turley Thicl;et.
Benjaminh Square. Spring Garden. AheVs Levels. Moore's
Belight. Poric Plenty, if no Thieves. Chestnut Ridge. Ralfo.
Grandmother'' s Good Will. Cow Pasture. Peach Tree Hill.
Errors Corrected. Very Good. Bite the Biter. Silent Valley.
Trouble Enough Indeed.
It will be seeu that the first settlements, commenciDg" in 1688,
iu Montgomery Countj^ were along- the banks of Eock Creek,
extending up both banks of the stream as far as Eockville.
Thence they sought the Patuxent, and continued to spread
along the banks of this fertile stream as far as Snell's Bridge.
Then the country lying west of Rock Creek, towards the Poto-
mac, and north and east of Rockville, seems to have attracted
the attention of the settlers. Next came the flat red lands
along- the Potomac, in the vicinity of Darnestown and Pooles-
ville, which were surveyed and granted. Among the first was
Wickliaiu's 'Good Will, surveyed for James Plummer in
1723, and contained two hundred and seventj^ acres. This
tract is situated on Muddy Bianch, near where the road from
Gaithersburg- to Du Fief's farm crosses the stream, and em-
braces the farm of J. Hardesty.
The Joseph, granted Joseph West, July 1st, 1723, and con-
tained three hundred acres, lying- on Muddy Branch. Tlie road
from Rockville to Darnestown passes through the tract, which
44 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
has its bef^inniiig at a stone at the uorth-east coruer of the
l)ii<l.i:"e over Muddy r.raiicli.
Mnldlo Plaiitiilion, .siuveyed lor Daniel Dnlaiiey, May
3(Mli. ITi't, and <inl»iaccd seven Inindied and twenty-two acres.
This tiaet is sitnated at the luontli of Great Seneca, where the
Chesjipeake and Ohio Canal ])asses thronjih it.
.May;rinl«'r*w and Hoall's lloiiosly, orauted to Daniel
Marauder and Cliarles lieall, .May KUh, 172(5, and coutained
oue tiioiisand seven hnndred and twenty-six acres, extends
from '^Ja'cIcc Fonst,'" described in a ])recedin«>- chapter, in a
sonth-westcrly direction to the Potomac liiver, and down the
river to Kdmond IJrooke's I'aiiii, I lien retnrns with, or parallel
with "Friendshij)'' and ''Contention," before mentioned, and
embraces the faiin of William l\eading-. The Chesapeake and
Ohio Canal i)asses throngh it.
C'lewi'i'wald l^iilar^od, snrveyed for William Offntt, Jnly
17th, 17i'.s, contains two thousand acres, and embraces the
farms (»f the late I'hihp Stone, (Jeorge Bradley, Joshua W.
Otfntt. and others.
(jiuosc l*4>iid, snrveyed for -John Chittam, November -ith,
172(5, lor o\u' hnndred acres, lies on the Potomac a short dis-
tance above the Great Falls, and is traversed by the Chesa-
peake and Ohio Canal. Jnst below this, and immediately
oi»i)(isilr the (ireat I'^aiis, is
lioar I>en, snrvey<'d for William Oflutt, Ajnil 4th, 1729,
and cDhiainf^l two hnndred acres.
l*r«'\4'iilioii, ^iranted William IJeall and others, July 4th,
1727, lor «'le\( II linndred and eighty-two acres. Rock Greek
rnns thicuigii the tract. Veirs' -Mill is located at the crossing
of the iiocUx illc and Washington Itoad. It embraces the Kock
Creek larni of Judge I Ionic, and others.
Nuiiil .tIary'M, granted Caleb Litton, Jane 281h, 1727, for
sixty seven acres, lies south of Jiockville, on the city road. In
a previous <'hapter it was stated that the original Itockville
stood on "lOxchange ami New Ivxchange Enlarged." The
additions will now be given:
\ al<'iiliii<'*H (liaiMh'ii l^iilar{><'<l, snrveyed for Arthur
Nelson, Jniie ITtli, 172(», and coiitaincd nine hundred and lifty
a<Tes. TIm- saiiic re siiiv t-Ncd as follows:
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 45
Re-snrTey on Valentine's Garden Enlarged, for
Henry Wright Crabb, April lOtb, 1753, for two thousand and
eighty-five acres. On this tract stands the first addition to
Eockville, and lies mostly north and north-west of Rockville,
and extends as far as the Washington Grove Camp Ground.
Hayniond's Addition, surveyed for John Haymond, No-
vember loth, 1713, and contained three hundred acres. On
this tract lies the second addition to Eockville, embracing that
portion of the town recently laid out in the vicinity of the Metro-
politan Railroad Depot and the Agricultural Fair Grounds.
About this time the tide of settlements slowly commenced to
extend up the Potomac, and a neighbor is found for Eichard
Brightwell, who located near Edward's Ferry in 1695. For
twenty-six years he had braved the perils of his "Hunting
Quarter," and during this time had seldom visited the lower
settlements, being content with his dogs, pet bears and deers
for companions, until
Concord was granted to Daniel Dulaney, April 2Gth, 1721,
for one thousand one hundred and six acres, which was lo<;ated
about one mile above "Brightwell's Hunting Quarter," ou the
Potomac Eiver, and one hundred yards above the mouth of
Broad Eun, where the line begins and extends up the Potomac
to some distance above White's Ferry, taking in most of the
bottom lands, through which runs the Chesapeake and Ohio
Canal.
Hanover, granted to Dr. Patrick Hepburn, ]\Iarch IGth,
1722, for one thousand five hundred acres. This tract is situ-
ated on the head- waters of the Dry Seneca, and embraces the
farms of Howard Griffith, Samuel Darby, the late Grafton
Beall, and others.
Flint's Grove, surveyed for John Flint, July 4th, 1722,
and contained three hundred acres, lies on Dry Seneca, and
includes the farm of Thomas Fife.
Happy Clioice, surveyed for William Black, May 20th,
1724, for eleven hundred and eighty-six acres, and lies on the
road from Barnesville to Eockville. William O. Sellmau's farm
and others are included in this tract.
Hopewell, granted to John Xorress, October 31st, 1726, for
three hundred acres, lies on the Little Monocacy, and is crossed
46 HISTORY OF MONTGOMEKY COUNTY.
by the road niniiing from the mouth of Monocacy to Mount
Ephraini, and is also joined by the farm of William Price.
JoroiiiiairM Park, surveyed for Jeremiah Hays, December
10th. 174:7, and includes the site upon which Barnesville stands.
Sellnian's Station and Post Oflice, one mile from Parnesville on
the Mi'tiojiolitan Kailroad, also called Barnesville Station, are
located on this tract.
Pardiorsliip, surveyed for Charles Diggs and John Brad-
ford. April l(;th, ITL'S, for two thousand acres, lies on Dry
Seneca, and end)races the farms of Thomas Darby, Eobert H.
C. Allnutt, Sanuiel Dyson, V. S. Poole, John T. Fletchall, and
others.
The Ke-siirvcy on Pari of Forest, survej^ed for Robert
Peter, May 17th, 1784, conlaining one thousand seven hundred
and ninety-six and one-fourth acres, embraces the lands in and
around Poolesville. The first house in whicli was built by
John I'oole, in 17I>.'>.
Kail lis' Ten ill re, surveyed for John Banks, November
2!)th, 17.">-:, and cmiiaincd one limidrcd acres, includes the pre-
sent site ol" IJedland.
Aliraliaiii's Lot, granted Cornelius Etting in 1732, on the
i*otoma«! Kiver, near the mouth of Broad Kun.
liilliiiain, granted to Daniel (-arroll in 1735, and contains
three thousand acres, lies on the Conrad's Ferry road, and in-
chuh's the lands of Tiudowick Young's heirs, and others.
.lolin's l>eliKlif, granted and surveyed for John Ilarriss,
June Mill, 1 7. ")."», cniliiaces tlie lands in and adjacent to Martins-
bnig and Conrad's l-'eriy.
CoiK-liisioii, granted Daniel Dulaney in 1731, enjbraces the
farms (»r .losepli l);i\vsitii, l"'r«'derick Dawson, Col. George W.
Dawsrni, and ol lieis. — ail linel\ iiii])roved.
Turkey I'liieki'l, granted and surveyed for John IMagru-
der, Scpieml.ci. 17.i(.. and embraces the farms of Zadok Ma-
grUiler. :iimI <iI tiers.
Iteiijaiiiin'M Sqiiar4', graiiled Benjaniin Wallingford in
174.'{, includes the farms adjacent to (loshen.
S|>i-iiiK <.iar<l<'n, granted liigison Belt in 1738, includes the
farm (»!' .lames Williains, mihI the lands neai' Laytonsville.
AIm'I'h I.eveiN, Liranhd lo Abel Blown in 1741, and
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
47
Moore's Delight, granted to Benjamin Penn in J748, lies
on the head-watens of the Great Seneca Creek, and embraces
the farms of Col. Lyde Griffith, and others.
Pork Plenty, if no Thieves, granted to Nathan Ward
in 1753, lies on the Patuxent, and embraces the lands in and
around Dnvall's Old Mill.
Chestnut Ridge, granted to George Buchanan in 1732,
embraced the lands in and adjacent to Germautown Station,
on the Metropolitan Tiailroad.
Ralf'o, granted George Scott in 1710, includes a portion of
Horace Waters' land, and others.
Grandmother's Good Will, granted to John Crampton,
lies on the Little Seneca, and adjoins the farm of George W.
Israel, south of Clarksburg.
Cow Pasture, surveyed for Henry Griffith, 10th February,
1701, for three thousand eight hundred and fifty-four and one-
half acres, lies on both sides of Little Seneca Creek, near
Clarksburg.
Peach Tree Hill, granted Eichard Watts, September
13th, 1750, and contained seventy-five acres, and adjoins "Cow
Pasture." A re-survey was granted for this tract to include
vacancies, and called
Errors Corrected, for jSTicholas Ridgely Warfleld, May
23rd, 1702, containing two hundred and twenty-eight and three-
fourths acres. The Little Seneca Creek passes through the
tract, as also the Old Baltimore Road^ from Barnesville to
Neelsville. This is the home farm and residence of Gassaway
W. Linthicum, and is under fine cultivation.
Very Good, granted to John Dickinson in 1755; and
Bite the Biter, granted to Samuel Safiell, in 1756, are
both near the village of Damascus.
Silent Vallej^, granted to Ellsworth Beane in 1756, lies
east of Damascus.
Trouble Enough Indeed, granted to Thomas Whitten,
in 1761, contains two thousand four hundred and ninety-two
acres, lies between Clarksburg and Damascus, and embraces
the lands near King's Distillery.
By glancing at the map of the County, and starting from a
point on the Patuxent, east of Eichard H. Griffith's residence,
and draw a line to William Griffith's residence on Hawlings'
48 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
River, tlience to Brookeville, thence to Redlaiul, thence to
Charles Saft'ell's residence, thence to F. A. Tschitt'ely's resi-
dence, thence to where the river road crosses Watts' Branch,
thence np tlie river road to the road from Pooh^sviHe to Wliite's
Ferry, thence west to the Potomac Kiver, a tolerably well defined
boundary line of the settlements made before IT.'U) will be had,
excepting a few mentioned settlements made on the headwaters
of the Great Seneca and the 1 )ry Seneca. Beyond this bound-
ary line but very few settlements were made previous to 1741.
Within these limits the settlement went on regularly as before,
but after 1741, the settlements again rai>idly extended all over
the County, so that by 1775 very little \acant land remained.
After this period only here and there a vacancy was discovered,
and then a re-survey on the adjacent tract would be made to
include the vacancy or vacancies.
From the earliest settlement to 1700, the grants were given
as lying in Charles County; from 1700 to 1745, they were given
as lying in Prince George's County; from 1745 to 1770, they
were given as lying in Frederick (\>unty; and shice 1770, all
grants have been from Montgomery County.
CHAPTER VIII.
Fredericli City. Georfietown, T). C. Tobacco. EoUiiig Roads.
French Wa)\ Defeat of General Braddock. Massacre of the
Settlers. The Revolution. Meeting at old Hnngerford Tavern.
Resolutions. Formation of Montgomery Connty, — Named
after General Richard ^Fontgomery. Rockville, — the County
Seat. Districts of the County. Orphans' Court. Registers of
Wills. Members of the State Convention.
Frederick, now the second city of the State, was laid out
1745, and made the County town in 1748, — at which time Fred-
erick County was formed, having been carved out of Prince
George's.
Georgetown was laid out in 1751 by an Act of the General
Assembly, which set forth there was a convenient site for a
town at the mouth of Eock Creek on the Potowmach River,
adjacent to the Inspection House, called George Gordon's Roll-
ing House, and that Captain Henry Wright Crabb, John Xeed-
ham, John Clagett, James Perrie, Samuel Magruder the 3rd,
Josias Beall, and David Lynn, should be commissioned for
Frederick Count>', and authorized to i)urchase sixty acres of
Messrs. George Gordon and George Beall, at the place aforesaid,
to be erected into a town called George Town. For the advant-
age of the town and eucouragemeut of the back inhabitants^ the
Commissioners were authorized to hold two Fairs annually, for
three successive days, during which every one attending the
same should be free from arrest, except for felony or breac^h of
the peace. In 1783, a tract of land called the Rock of Dumbarton,
belonging to Thomas Beall, was added to the town. In 1789,
the town was incorporated, and Robert Peter was ai)i)()inted
Mayor, and John Mackall Garrett, Recorder. Brooke Beal l.
Bernard O'lSTeal, Thomas Beall of George, James McCubbin
50 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
Lino-an, John Tliirlkold, and John Peter, Aldermen, so long as
they shall well behave themselves therein.
Falling within the limits of the "ten miles square" that were
ceded to the Unite<l States, by the States of INIaryland and Vir-
ginia, in 1702, it has ever since formed a part of the District of
Columbia.
The settlers multiplied and prospered, and the remunerative
prices obtained for tobacco, whi(;h could be so successfully
grown on their new lands, stimulated their enterprise. There was
a great stir and much activity displayed when the tobacco was
ready for market. The huge and stout hogsheads were fitted
up with rough shafts, fastened to elects, in which revolved the
strong axle like pins inserted in either end. A single horse was
attached, and the driver walking by the side, began to "roll"
his tobacco to the market-town, generally Georgetown or Elk
Ridge Ijanding. Some of these roads are still known as "Eoll-
iug Roads."
Their lives were spent in harmony and peace, until the break-
ing out of the French War, and the defeat of General Braddock
in 1755, and the invasion of the western frontier of the province
by the French and Iiulians from Fort Du Quesne. A period of
terror and desolation ensued; the settlements were attacked and
broken up; the outposts driven in; and some of the smaller
posts captured and their garrisons massacred. More than
twenty plantations were laid waste, and their occupants massa-
cred or (jarried into captivity.
A force was organized from the lower district of Frederick
County, (now ^Montgomery,) under ('olonel Ridgely and Captain
Alexander ]>eall,who went to the rescue and atfoided protection
to the settlers. General Braddock marched through this County
on his ill-fatt'd expedition, and encaiiii)ed for one night within
the i)resent limits of Rockville. After the excitement attending
the French ami Indian War had subsided, nothing of nnlitary
or ])olitical intei'cst (xjcurred, until the convulsions immediately
])rece(ling the R(^volution.
When the news reached tlie p('o))le tliat the Uritish had
blockaded tiie i)ort of Boston, a meeting was called at the
famous old llnngerfoid Tavern, the proceedings of which were
as follows:
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COXJNTY. 51
"FREDERICK COUNTY, MD.. RESOLUTIONS."
"At 51 iweetiiig of a respectable aud iniiiierous bod.y of the
freemen of the lower part of Frederick County, at Charles
Hungerford's Tavern, on Saturday, the lltli day of June, 1774.
Mr. Henry Griffith, Moderator.
"l.s^. Resolved unanimou.sh/, That it is the opinion of this
meeting, that the town of Boston is now sutfering in the com-
mon cause of America.
"2»f/. Besolvcd unanimously, That every legal and constitu-
tional measure ought to be used by all Americans for procuring
a repeal of the Act of Parliament for blocking up the harbor of
Boston.
"3r<?. Resolved unanimously, That it is the opinion of tliis
meeting, that the most effectual means for the securing of
American freedom will be to break oft" all commerce with Great
Britain and the West Indies, until the said Act be repealed,
and the right of taxation given up on i)ermaneut principles.
^^Mh. Resolved unanimously, That Mr. Henry Griffith, Dr.
Thomas Sprigg Wootton, Nathan Magruder, Evan Thomas,
Richard Brooke, liichard Thomas, Zadok Magruder, Dr. Wil-
liam Baker, Thomas Cramphin, Jr., and Allen Bowie, be a
Committee to attend the General Committee at Annapolis, and
of Correspondence for the lower part of Frederick County, and
that any six of them shall have power to receive and communi-
cate intelligence to and from the neighboring Committees.
"of/i. Resolved unanimously. That a copy of these our senti-
ments be immediately transmitted to Annapolis and inserted in
the Maryland Gazette.
"Archibald Orme, OZerfc."
Frederick County proper did not call a similar meeting until
the 20th of June, nine daj^s later.
The Committee which met at Annapolis apjiointed Matthew
Tilghman, Thomas Johnson, Robert Goldsborough, William
Paca, aud Samuel Chase, members of the State Committee of
Safety and Correspondence.
The territory now became too extensively peopled to remain
under one municipal government, and, in 1770, was divided into
three district municipalities, viz : Frederick County, (ionstituting
52 HISTORY OF MONTGOIVIERY COUNTY.
the central; Wash in gtoii County, the upper; and Montgomery
County, the lower division. Montgomery County Avas named
after the gallant (leneral Eichard Montgomery, who fell on the
Heights of Quebec in 1775, yielding up his life in the heroic
attempt to rescue the Canadas from tlie dominion of Great
Britain, and secure them to the then struggling cause of liberty
in the American Colonies.
This was the first (Jounty that ignored the custom of naming
towns and counties after princes, lords and dukes, and adoi)ting"
in their stead illustrious re])ublican names. As subdivisions
went on, and new counties were formed, such ]>retentious names
as My Lord Baltimore, Lord Frederick, Lord Arundel, and
Prince George, gave way before advancing ideas, and names
made memorable, both in the civil aiul military service, ap-
peared, viz: Washington, Carroll, Howard, and Gairett — all
distinguished by a long and honorable career as eminent citizens
and i)ublic ofiicers.
The first efforts towards the organization of Montgomery
County was made by Dr. Thomas k5])rigg AVootton, a member of
the State Convention, who, on the 31st of August, 177G, pre-
sented to the President of the Convention, an Ordinance for
the division of Frederick' County into three distinct and sepa-
rate counties, — which was read and ordered to lie on the table.
On the 6th of September following the Ordinance was again
called up, and passed by a small majority. In relation to Mont-
gomery County, it
Resolved, That after the first day of October next, such part
of the said County of Frederick, as is contained within the
bounds and limits following, to wil : lU'ginning at the east side
of the mouth of Kock Creek on the Potomac Kiver, and running
thence with the said river to the mouth of the Monocacy, theu
with a straight line to Par's Spring, from thence with the line of
the County to the beginning, siiall be and is hereby erected into
anew County called MoiNTGuMEiiV County.
In the su(!ceeding year Pockvillk was selected as the
C<mnty-seat. It was then but a small liandet, \\\i\\ several
small holdings, including Ilungeilord's Tavern, which is still
stan<ling and occupied by Mrs. Susan Russell, whose grand-
father, Joseph AVilson, built and owne<l it, and the Anderson
house, in which Miss ,lulia Anderson lives. The old court-
HISTORY OF MONTaOMERY COUNTY. 53
house was built shortly- afterwards, and the first Court held in
1779.
On the 3rd of August, 1784, William Prather Williams pur-
chased the land surrounding the court-house, and immediately
caused it to be laid off into streets and town lots by Col. Archi-
bald Orme, County Surveyor, and named it Williamsburg.
At the November Session, 1801, of the General Assembly of
the State, an Act was passed, which, after reciting that the
titles to these lots were uncertain, because there was no record
of the survey thereof made by Col. Orme, erected the place into
a town called Kockville, and appointed Commissioners to re-
survey it.
At the November Session, 1802, there was a supplemental
Act passed, and, in 1803, the Commissioners caused the re-
survey and a plan of the town to be made by William Smith,
County Surveyor, which is recorded in Liber L., of the Land
Eecords of the County.
It was at fii\st contemplated to call the town Wattsville, but
Watts' Branch being regarded as too insignificant a stream, it
was finally concluded to honor its more assuming neighbor,
Eock Creek, and hence the name, Rockville.
The old Huugerford, or Russell House, is not only the oldest
building in the place, but also, from its associations, the object
of greatest interest to the antiquary. Mrs. Richaid Wootton,
a sister-in-law of that Thomas Sprigg Wootton who moved the
erection of the County, danced at a ball given in it one hundred
and nine years ago.
Tlie new County having been erected and furnished with a
capital, it soon became necessary to lay it off into precincts;
and, in 1798, an Act of Assembly was passed to divide it into
five election districts, which was afiBrmed in 1709; and, in the
same year, Daniel Reintzell, Hezekiah Veitch, Thomas Fletch-
all, John Adamsou, and Thomas Da\is, were appointed Com-
missioners, and marked out its five divisions, consisting of
liockville district. Medley's district. Berry's district, Crackliu
district, and Clarksburg district.
In 1878, the County was re-districted and divided into eight
election precincts, viz: First district, Crackhn; Second district,
Clarksburg; Tliird district, Medley's; Fourth district, Rock-
54 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
ville; Fiftli district, Berry's; Sixth district, Darnestowu; Sev-
enth district, Bethesda; Eighth district, Mechauicsville.
The political and territorial organization of the Connty was
completed, and the first (Jourt held at the honse of Leonard
Davis, on the l2()th of May, 1777, — the memorable old Hunger-
ford Tavern, only Leonard Davis had succeeded Charles Huu-
gerford as host. Present: — the Worshipful Charles Jones,
Samuel W. Magruder, Elislia Williams, AVilliam Deakins, Rich-
ard Thompson, James Oft'utt, and EdM^ard Burgess; Brook
Beall, Clerk; Clement Beall, Sheriff.
The first Begister of \A'ills was Samuel West, who served
until the close of 1777, wIumi he was succeeded by Richard
Wootton.
Orphans' Courts and Registers of Wills were establishetl in
1777. These Courts at first consisted of seven Justices of the
Peace in the several counties, any three of whom constituted a
quorum.
The i)resent system, except that the Justices were appointive
instead of elective, was established in 1700. The first Justices
luider the new system were Thomas Craniphiu, Jr., Richard
Wootton, and William Holmes. The names of the Justices
who first served as Judges of the Orphans' Court, under the
old system, have been lost, as no record of them can be found
in the County,
The nuMubers froin this County, to the State Conventicm of
1770, were Thomas Si)rigg Wootton, Jonathan \\'ilson, AVilliam
Bayly, Jr., and Elisha Williams.
.'t-
CHAPTER IX.
A Period of One Sundred and Forty Years. The First Conti-
nental Congress. Maryland Convention. Enrollment and
Organization of Companies. The First Blood shed in the
Revolutionary War^ l^th April., 1775. Captain Cresap^s Com-
pany. Their Bravery in battle. Poicder Mills. Cannon
Manufactories. Continyent called from Montgomery County.
The deeds of proicess in Virginia and the Carolinas. Revolu-
tionary Officers from the County. The War of 1812. Distin-
guished Officers in the War of the Rehellion.
The First Contiuental Congress met at Philadelpliia, on the
5th of September, 1771. It issued a Manifesto, setting forth
the rights and grievances of the Colonies, and, on its adjourn-
ment, the Maryland Convention assembled and api)roved of the
proceedings of the Congress. The power and dominion of the
last Proprietary of Maryland closed with the organization of
this Convention.
A period of one hundred and forty years had passed since
two hundred pioneers, under Leonard Calvert, lauded at Saint
Mary's; their descendants had extended- themselves throughout
the length and breadth of its boundaries; covered the Eastern
Shore with wealth and civilization, — crossed the Blue Ridge,
tilling its valleys with a bold and hardy i)opulation. Commerce
was filling its bays and rivers with fleets; the forge and furnace
were already at work, although burdened by the restrictive laws
of England; — the germs of her future prosperity were budding
forth and giving x)romise of the greatness which this day sees
realized. Thus stood the people of Maryland in the crisis which
was approaching; bberal in their sentiments, proud of their
liberties, prepared to extend them, and ready to maintain them
with their lives.
CiaThe Convention called upon the people of Maryland to bury
u'ivate animosities, all religious disputes, all memory of past
56 HISTORY OF .'\IONTGOMERY COUNTY.
persecution, and "in the name of God, tluMi- country and pos-
terity, to unite in defence of the common rights and liberties."
The Convention again assenibled on the 8th of December,
1774, to make prei)a rations for an armed resistance to the power
of England. The old govc^inment still retained the form and
inachinciy of power; tlie new, without these, possessed an irre-
sistible authority throughout the colony. The source of its
power was not its legal form, but public sentiment. Besting on
this, it needed not penalties and judicial tiibunals, for the do-
minion that has i)ublic sentiment for its throne is irresistible.
Those who lefused to submit to the decrees of the Convention
were denounced by that body, and from that moment the offen-
ders became the objects of scorn and contempt of their coun-
trymen.
The Convention then ordered all males, from sixteen to fifty
years of age, to be enrolled and organized into companies; to
be armed, ecpiipped and drilled, ready for instant service.
These orders were immediately carried out; old and joung
enrolled with the greatest enthusiasm. Maryland was pre])ar-
ing herself for the struggle, in which she won so glorious a
name.
On the 10th of April, 1775, the struggle culminated in open
conflict, and the first blood shed in the Revolutionary War was
at Lexington. After the battle of l>unker Hill there was no
more hesitation; Congress determined, not only to defend the
rights of the people, but to drive out the British trooi)s.
Thomas Johnson, of Maryland, had the honor of nominating
(ieneral Washington as (Jommander-in-chief of the American
forces.
The Convention again met on the 2(!th .luly, 1775, and ordered
the formation of a regular force, to be composed of a battalion,
of wliich (Jolonel Smallwood received the command, and seven
iu(l( pciidcnt comi)ani('s, nnmlx'iing in all 1444, besides two
comi)aiii('s of artillery and one of marines.
l>y a icsoltition of Congress, two comi)anies ol' lilli'mcii were
called for from Maryland. These companies were soon filled
with the liardy i>ioneers of Montgonu^ry and l^'redi^rick Coun-
ties. Cai)taiu Cresap's company numbeicd one iiundred and
thirty men, who were armed with tomahawks and rilles; were
painted like Indians, and dressed in hunting shirts an<l moccas-
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 57
sins. These men were ordered to march to the camp around
Boston, being- joined by like companies from Virginia and Penn-
sylvania. The arrival of these stalwart fellows, such as Wash-
ington had known in his early campaigns, many of them six
feet and upwards in height, and of vigorous frame — in their
fringed frocks and round hats, excited great wonder among the
rustic visitors of the camp. Their dash, their skill — "they
could hit a mark while advancing at quickstep, at the distance
of two hundred and fifty yards," — their vStriking costume, caused
them to be looked upon with jealousy by the plainer troops
about them, — who seemed to think that all valor, as well as
virtue, was enclosed in the round jacket and trowsers of Mar-
blehead, — and it was well for the gaily clad sons of the South,
that their behaviour in battle was always equal to the expecta-
tion they excited. In the sharpest conflict of the war, it was
they "who stemmed the current of the bloody fight." The
oflicers of these were Michael Cresap, Thomas Warren, Joseph
Cresap, Jr., Eichard Davis, Thomas Price, Otho H. Williams,
jin d John Ross _Xey. Many were too impatient to endure the
delay of organizing these troops, and hastened to join the camp
before Boston, at their own expense. Among these was James
Wilkinson, afterwards a Major-General in the United States'
service.
Great difficulty was experienced in obtaining supplies, the
arsenal at Annapolis was almost empty. To overcome these
difficulties, the Convention gave encouragement and gratuities
for the manufacture of saltpetre, materials for clothing and
munitions of war. Powder mills were erected, and Mr. Hughes,
of Montgomery County, agreed to furnish cannon for the pro-
vince, and established a foundry on the Potomac Eiver, at
Green Spring, one mile above Georgetown, where the first
cannon were made in this country, — a portion of the old stone
building still remains, while broken fragments of cannon are at
this time to be found in the stream of water that flows at the
base of the building.
The Convention having resolved to enroll forty companies of
minute men, required eight or one-fifth of the whole to be raised
in Frederick County, which then included what is now Mont-
gomery and Washington Counties.
58 HISTORY OF MONTGOIHERT COLWTY.
In raising the State contingent to reinforce the Federal armies
in 1778, two years after the formation of Montgomery Connty,
of the whole nnmber, 2902 men required, Frederick's quota was
309, Montgomery's was 15G, and Washington's 108 men, about
the same jiroportion, one-fifth.
The two batallions required from Maryland for the relief of
Boston were both selected from Montgomery and Frederick
Counties, and from the number of ofiicers from Montgomery
who survived the Revolution and joined the Cincinnati Society
at its close, it will be seen that a large portion not only of those
troops, but of the entire Maryland line, were from this County.
The names of the members of the Cincinnati Society were, C.
Eicketts, Lieutenant; Lloyd Beall, Captain; Samuel B. Beall,
Lieutenant; Henry Gaither, Captain; Richard Anderson, Cap-
tain; James McCubbin Lingau, Caj^tain; Richard Chiderson,
Captain; David Lynn, Captain. In addition to the members
of that Society were Colonels Charles Greenbury GrifiQth and
Richard Brooke; Captains Edward Burgess, and Robert
Briscoe; Lieutenants Greenbury Gaither, John Gaither, Elisha
Beall, Elisha Williams, John Lynn and John Courts Jones;
Ensigns Thomas Edmonson, John Griffith and William Lamar,
and Quartermaster Richard Thompson, all from this County.
It w^as a dark hour that the Maryland line w^as destined to
enter the field. On the 10th of July, 1770, six days after the
passage of the Declaration of Independence, six companies
under Colonel Smallwood, and three from Baltimore, embarked
for the head of Elk River, whence they marched to New York,
and were incorporated in Lord Stirling's Brigade. They were
well appointed and organized, composed of young and spirited
men, who had already acquired the skill and presence of well
drilled soldiers. No unofficer-like appearance and deportment
could be tolerated by the Marylanders, who at this time were
distinguished by the most fashionable cut coats, the most
stylish of cocked hats, and the hottest blood in the Union. On
their arrival they immediately won the confidence of the Com-
mander-in-Chief, and from the moment of their arrival, were
thrown ui)on the advanced posts, and disj)osed as covering
icnties.
The four indei)endent com])anies remaining in IMaryland, as
was also the flying camp, were ordered to Join Col. Smallwood.
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 59
The achievemeuts and deeds of valor performed by the offi-
cers and men in the desperate battles on Long Island, White
Plains, Fort Washington, Trenton and Princeton, gave to the
Old Marjiand Line its synonym for heroic valor and devoted
patriotism. During this campaign, a most dark and bloody
one, but fall of glory to the Maryland Line, the regiment was
reduced to a mere handful of men under the command of a
captain. The old line was almost annihilated.
It having been found necessary to establish an army in the
South for the puri)ose of re-conquering South Carolina and
Georgia from the British, and drive the invaders from North
Carolina, the Maryland Line was detached from the main army,
near i!>rew York in April, 1780, and marched through New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, and embarked at the head of Elk River
for Baltimore. The first and second brigades were immediately
filled up, and passed through the State early in May, num-
bering about two thousand men, many of whom were from
Montgomery and Frederick (Jouuties. The most of that gallant
and veteran army looked for the last time upon their beloved
State; they offered up their lives in the defence of their brothers
in the South. Their deeds of prowess, from the battle of Cam-
den, where, under the command of Colonel Otho H. Williams,
of Montgomery County, General Smallwood, and Colonel John
Eager Howard, including the bloody struggles of Cowpens,
Guilford Court House, Ninety-Six, Eutaw Springs, and the
Surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, which took place on the
19th of October, 1781, nobly exemplifying the fact, that from
the Heights of Brooklyn to the cotton fields of the Carolinas,
the Maryland Line maintained their reputation for discipline
and valor, worthy to be enrolled on monuments of marble and
bronze. They were not mercenary soldiers, but farmers, mer-
chants, and mechanics, who pledged their fortunes and lives to
the cause of liberty.
The officers, elected by the Convention for this County, con-
sisted of Colonels, John Murdock and Zadok ^Magruder; Lieu-
tenant Colonels, Thomas Johns and Charles G.Griffith-, First
Majors, Richard and Francis Deakins; Second Majors, William
Deakins and Richard Crabb; Quarter-Master, Samuel DuVall.
These were the rei)resentative men of the day, and as sponsors
60 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
of the cause of independence and freedom in its infancy, are
worthy of perpetual remembrance.
Montgomery County furnislied soldiers for the War of 1812,
in which Major George Peters served with distinction. At the
battle of Bladensburg, in 1814, the militia from this County and
Prince George's, under the command of Commodore Barney,
aided by a body of seamen and marines, maintained their
ground until they were overpowered by numbers, and the Com-
modore taken prisoner. The enemy then proceeded to Wash-
ington, burned the Capitol, President's bouse and many other
buildings. President Madison was compelled to take flight,
and sought safety in Brookeville, in this County, from whence he
issued his disi)atches. In the late war between the sections, a
large force entered the armies. Among the oflicers in the Con-
federate service, none were more distinguished for capacity,
eflficiency and valor, than the lamented Colonel Eidgely Brown,
Colonel Elijah Veirs White, Colonel T. H. S. Boyd,' Colonel
Gus Dorsey and Colonel Benjamin S. White, In addition to
these, there were Captains Thomas Griffith, Festus Griffith,
George W. Cliiswell and James Anderson, and Lieutenant
Edward Cliiswell, Surgeon Edward Wootten, and a host of
other officers, non-commissioned officers and i)rivates, all of
revolutionary descent, and who, Avhether in a good or bad cause,
illustrated the valor of the race and well maintained the repu-
tation of the old Maryland Line.
So, from the first French and Indian War upon our borders,
to the late sectional struggle, the people responded with alacrity
to what they conceived to be the call of military duty. Their
hearts ever glowing with the fire of patriotism.
CHAPTER X.
First Revolutionary /Soldier. Montgomery's Revolutionary Roll.
Pension Acts. Names of Pensioners. Meteoric Slioicers, as
icitnessed at tJie home of Charles Saffell, the Oldest Pensioner on
the List. Scenes in Gaithershurg and Rockville.
The first Eevolutionary soldier pensioned in Montgomery
Couuty was James Carraut. He was placed on the roll in com-
j)liauce with the general Invalid Pension Law, approved June
7th, 1785, and died September 4th, 1822. Francis Hutchinson
was also a pensioner, but not revolutionary. He belonged to
the regular army of the United States. Samuel Harris was
pensioned as a matross of the revolutionary artillery, and died
on the 19th of September, 1826; and William A. Xeedham was
also a revolutionary pensioner, i3laced on the roll in 1808.
William O'Xeal, was a private in the Maryland militia at some
period not known, and placed on the pension roll, per Act Ai)ril
30th, 1816, at the rate of $48 per annum ; and Samuel B. White
was a private in the revolutionary army, pensioned per Act
June 7th, 1785, and died January 16th, 1832. James White
was also a pensioner, per Act June 7th, 1785. He belonged to
the revolutionarv armv, but the time of his death is not known.
All the soldiers named above were invalid pensioners, pensioned
on account of wounds and disability received in the service of
the United States, in the line of their duty, and they honorably
appear on old Montgomery's roll of honor, as good men, tried
and true.
The following revolutionary soldiers, residing in Montgomery
County, were pensioned by an Act of Congress, approved the
18th of March, 1818. In order to obtain the benefit of this Act,
they were required to prove nine months service in the Conti-
nental army, and exhibit, under oath, a schedule showing that
their property was worth no more than $500. Another Act was
passed on the 1st of May, 1820, requiring the exliibition of
62 HISTORY OF MONTGOilERY COUNTY.
another schedule, and, if in the meantime, their property had
increased, so as to exceed $500 in value, they were dropped
from the pension roll. These Acts of Congress were very dis-
tasteful to the old soldiers, for they looked upon them as offer-
ing a reward to soldiers for keeping tliemselves in poverty.
The hrst name in the County placed on the pension roll, in com-
pliance with the Act of 1818, was John liobbins, on the 6th of
April, 1818, aged 72 years, at the rate of $96 per annum. He
belonged to the "Old Maryland Line," so distinguished in all
the battles in which it took a part. All the pensioners under
this Act, if privates, received $96 per annum; if commissioned
officers, they were allowed $210 per annum. The second name
placed on the roll was that of Joseph Eay, aged 65 years, also
of the Maryland Continental Line. Then followed the names
of Thomas Penefill, aged 72 years, who died December 15th,
1832; James Er^dn, aged 67, who died June 28th, 1827; George
Field, aged 80, time of death unknown; Eobert Hurdle, aged
75, time of death unknown; John Jordon, aged 77, time of
death unknown; Henry Leeke, age not given, dropped fi'om the
roll per Act May 1st, 1820, time of death unknown. These
were privates of the Maryland Line.
James Campbell, of Virginia Line, aged 71 years, private,
died September 14th, 1827; Beltzor Lohr, Pennsylvania Line,
aged 76, j)rivate, died February 27th, 1827; Thomas Lingan,
Lieutenant, Maryland Line, aged 67, died May 28th, 1825 ;
William Layman, Ensign, Maryland Line, aged 81, droi)ped
from the roll per Act May 1st, 1820, restored March 22nd, 1826,
time of death unknown. The two officers last named were pen-
sioned at the rate of $240 per annum.
The following named soldiers of the revolutionary war, residing
in the County, were pensioned per Act of Congress, approved
June 7th, 1832. Tlie minimum rate of pension allowed a pri-
vate under this Act, was $20 i)er annum for six months service
in any department of the rcvohitionary army, and increased,
2)ro ratdj according to the time of service, so as not to exceed
the rate of $80 per ainium, tlie maximum, for two years service.
No grade of officer was allowed more than $600 per annum, for
two years service. Periods of service for less than two years,
were rated according to rank and time of service. Every
soldier was entitled to pension under this Act, without regard to
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COXJNTY. 63
the value of liis property, and many who lost their pensions on the
passage of the Act of May 1st, 1820, were restored by the Act
of 1832. All pensions under this Act were made to commence
on the 4th of IVIarch, 1831. Those pensioned were as follows:
Geo. Beckwith, Sergeant, $32.50 per ann., Maryland Line, age 74.
Richard Barrett, " 36.15 " " " " 79.
Giles Easton, Private, 30.00 " " " " 73.
Caleb Galworth, " 80.00 " " " " 77.
Chas. Morris, Corporal, 79.66 " New York " "
Chas. Saflfell, Musician, 88.00 " Maryland " " 84.
Joseph Warfield, Lieutenant, 85.97 " " " " 76.
Saml. Griffith, Captain, 414.00 " " " " —
James Fling, Private, 80.00 " Virginia " " 73.
Charles Saffell, the oldest man on the list, died in 1837.
The following- thrilling account of a visit to the home of this
old veteran, on the occasion of the great Meteoric Showers on
the night of the 12th of jSToveraber, 1833, four years previous
to his death, will be interesting.
"Five miles beyond the mill, (Clopper's on the gTcat Seneca,)
at early candle-light, I reined up at the farm of Charles Saffell,
an old soldier, then 84 years of age, who had been a musician
in the Revolutionary Army. The old gentleman had a drum,
fife and fiddle, an old English musket, which he captured at
the battle of Brandy wine, and many other relics from the 'days
that tried men's souls.' He was spending the calm evening of
his long life in singing our long catalogue of heroes, yet un-
sung; and from his sweet flute, fife and violin I ardently
drank in the inspiring melodies of the revolution. At the hour
of ten o'clock I took a candle and' a row of paper matches,
about the length and appearance of a row of pins, and retired
to bed in an upper room. The matches were made by cutting
out a piece of pajjer about three inches long, and one wide, and
making a dozen clips with a pair of scissors, into one of the
longer edges of the i^aper so prepared, as to extend about three-
quarters of the distance across its width. This clipped edge
was dipped into the combustible mixture, and when dry, all
that was necessary to produce a flame, was to tear off one of
these clippings and draw its dipped ends gently along between
the tip of the forefinger and the wall of your room, or over the
<)4 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
surface of any other rough substance. I struck the match, the
first kind known in trade, and with a cheerful and glad heart
lit the candle. I was under the cover and yielded to tired
nature's sweet restorer, but soon encountered very singular and
inexplicable experience, which I will mention, for I am writing
facts, of which I ought not to be ashamed. The air being keen
and frosty, three counterpanes were on the bed, and I slid
under them and made a survey of the surroundings in the dark
room before trying my hand at sleep. On entering the room I
discovered a wooden bolt on the door and made it fast against
intrusion; saw several chairs, other arti<;les of furniture, and
two windows only, over which curtains were hanging, one of
them being at the back of tbe bed, within reach of the occu-
pant. Trying my hand at sleep, I met Avith half success, but
just at this stage of proceeding, imagine my surprise when, by
some unseen force, the three counterpanes were drawn violently
from the bed to the floor! After recovering from my surprise
and fright, I visited the ruins on the floor, recaptured the
counterpanes, and courted sleep once more. After a time, I
fell into a troubled sleep, and down went the counterpanes
again with greater violence than at first. I sprang down after
them, found the matches, lit the candle, and searched for the
intruder, but no such party could be found, neither in nor under
the bed, nor elsewhere in the room.
"I made up the bed again, got in, tried to sleep, but the fates
had decreed that I should not, for sleep had d('i)arted to climes
to me unknown. After a long trial, 1 know not how long, I
nervously fell into its arms again, but was suddenly roused by
a terrific stream of unearthly light, Hashing through the win-
dow, curtain and all, and blazing over the room from floor to
ceiling! Suddenly drawing the curtain aside, I beheld a great
ball of fin^, as large as the sun and moon, api)ear, rushing from
the direction of the zenith, and describing a circular or paiabolic
curve towards the far distant sontii-westcrn liorizon! llcarinji'
at the sam<'. time a great uproar among the servants down in the
yard, 1 sprang from the bed to the next window, and looked out
upon the great Meteoric shower of the 112th and l.'Jth of Novem-
ber, 1833. Rushing down into the yard, 1 saw a squad of fright-
en(;d servants, so terrified inde<Ml that they knew nothing save
that the world was coming to an end. The old soldier apj)eared
HISTORY OF M0NTG03IEKY COUNTY. 65
at the door, asked me to come iuto liis room, and said it was
nothing — he had seen the like before. The shower continned till
overpowered by daylight, the stars rushing down through space
like snow-flakes, yet vastly more luminous. Fearful balls of fire
shot madly towards the earth, like the pyrotechnic rocket shoots
upward, consuming their substance in flight, or losing it by fric-
tion against the walls of air. Most of the meteors were as large
and brilliant as the stars themselves ; and it required no vivid
imagination to suppose that these celestial bodies were then
rushing down to earth ; for the heavens blazed with an inces-
sant discharge of fiery globes that burst in countless numbers
from the cloudless sky.
"Leaving the old soldier's house, I hurried on to Eockville,
through Gaithersburg, looking all along the road for traces of
the great phenomenon; some natural record or engraving of its
occurrence; but could discover none, save in the eternal flint of
words and memory. All whom I talked with on the way took
a religious view of the case, none venturing an astronomical or
meteorological solution of the great problem so suddenly
sprung upon them. It was therefore generally believed that
the time had come when ' the stars of heaven shall fall,' and
when 'the powers of the heaven shall be shaken,' for the con-
fusion was so great that not one could call to mind the fact that
the great Egyptian, Grecian, Roman and Jewish stars of empire
and powers of heaven, referred to by the great Teacher and
Prophet, had already fallen along the Mediterranean shores, to
make way for other great stars of empire, climbing the canopy
of nations, and holding their way westward.
"At Gaithersburg, and on the road from that village to
Eockville, I met great numbers of people hurrying to and fro,
that their knowledge might be increased. The theory that all
the stars tvere doicn and that not a luminary would blaze and
twinkle in the heavens during the coming night, was generally
supported by those who took a Biblical view of the matter on
their 'own hook;' but such as had the least claim to common
sense, knew better, and sought an ex])lanation somewhere out-
side of the hds of the Bible.
"About 9 o'clock on the morning of the 13th, I reined up
before the old hotel in Eockville, and soon entered tlie bar-room,
but I shall break down in the attemi)t to describe appearances
66 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
in that room, in front of the door, on the porch, in the street,
and wagon-yard, — not that I did not see and renionber well
enough to do so — but that descrii)tion was so beggared that no
pen Avas, nor is, ade(|nate to the task. — I saw lawyers, physi-
cians, ministers, tarmers, wagoners, sportsmen in the chase,
and at the card-table — all repenting of their sins; confessing to
one another; taking and denying positions, and covering up
tracks. Certain of them confessed that when they first saw the
raging meteoric shower cast its globes of fire to the ground, and
against the outside walls and the windows of their room, they
rushed from the card-table, cast their pack into the fire, and
kneeled in prayer before a long neglected throne of mercy.
They prayed ardently, it is said, until the shower was overpow-
ered by daylight, and just as I entered the bar-room, I saw
some of the accused coming down stairs with elongated faces
unwashed, uncombed hair, uubrushed clothing, unblacked
boots, and caved-in beavers! One excited orator stood forth in
the bar room, and declared that every man, who believed the
big stars had fallen, was a fool; for he had watched them dur-
ing the whole time of the shower, and not one of them had for-
saken its post in the heavens. ' When night comes,' said he,
'you may miss" some of the little stars, but my word for it, the
big ones will be there.' Countrymen on their way to market
declared that they saw great stars fall, explode and bury their
fragments in the earth.
"1 soon left for (xeorgetown to gain exi)erience there; and
here, in conclusion, I remark, that persons grown uj) since the
year 1833, can never obtain an idea of the great meteoric
shower worthy of the name of an idea, for it must be seen only
to be realized, and that by large and cultivated capacities."
CHAPTER XI.
First Member of Congress from this County. Whisl'ey Insurrec-
tion in Pennsylvania. Names of Montgomerians who served in
the Federal Congress. Hon. Montgomery Blair as Cabinet
Minister. Members of Reform State Conventions^ 1850-51,
1864, 1807, First County Surveyor. First Schools. An Act
for Purchasing School Property. Academies, Colleges, &c., and
their Students. First Church in the County, Parson William-
son, Rector.
The first Member of Congress from this Ooimty was General
Jeremiah Crabb, a member of one of the first Congresses.
At the close of the Revolutionary war, he received a commis-
sion as General from General George Washington, and was
employed against the whiskey insurrectionists in Pennsylvania.
This was occasioned by the first attempt at obtaining a revenue
from internal taxes, by an Act, passed in 1791, imposing duties
on domestic distilled spirits. This Act had from the first been
very unpopular in many parts of the country. During this year
the attempts to enforce the Act led to open defiance of the laws
in the western counties of Pennsylvania, After two ineffectual
proclamations by the President, he was compelled to call into
action a large military force, in order to quell the insurgents.
The names of the different gentlemen who have at various
periods since served in the Federal Congress, from this County,
are, Patrick Magruder, Thomas Plater, Philip Barton
Key, Alexander Contee Hanson, at one time Chancellor
of the State, George Peter, George C, Washington, and
Richard J. Bowie, who has also held the position of Chief
Judge of the Court of Appeals of Maryland, and is now one of
the Associate Justices of that Court, and Chief Judge of the
Sixth Judicial Circuit of this State, The County lias also fur-
nished one Cabinet Minister to the General Government — Hon,
Montgomery Blair; and two Presidents of the Mary-
68 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
land Senate — Benjamin S. Forrest and William Lingan
(tAITHER.
The members from this County of the Reform State Conven-
tion of 1850 and 1851, were Dr. Washington Waters, James
W. Anderson, John Bre^\^er, Allen Bowie Davis, and
John Mortiivier Kilgour. Of the State Convention of 18G4,
Dr. Edmond p. DuVall, Thomas Lansdale and George
Peter; and of the Convention ot 18G7, Dr. Nicholas
Brewer, Dr. Washington DuVall, Samuel Riggs of R.
and Greenbury M. Watkins.
Thomas Davis was Surveyor of the County in 1790, and
besides being a good x)ractical surv-eyor, was frequently elected
to represent his native County in the Legislature, the Electoral
College for electing the State Senators, under the old Constitu-
tion, and as a member of the Governor's Council. He served
as a Justice of the Peace, a member of the Board of Tax Com-
missioners, Judge of the Levy and Orphans' Courts, and also was
one of the Associate Judges of the County Court, before the
change of the system requiring aU three of the Judges to be
taken from the legal profession. Besides these public duties,
he was frequently called upon to draw deeds, wills and con-
tracts, and to act as umpire or arbitrator in settling disputes
between neighbors and other citizens of the C'ounty. He was
also one of the founders and leading trustees of the Brookville
Academy, and of St. Baitholomcw's Protestant li^piscopal
Church, in whose Vestry and Communion he died in 1833, in
the sixt^'-fifth year of his age, deeply lamented and mourned
by a wide circle of friends and lelatives, — a life woithy of recjord
and imitation.
An Act for the encouragement of learning and erecting schools
in the several Counties of the State, i)assed in 17li3, enacted
that one school should be established in each County, with seven
visitors appointed lor each, with jjower to hold lands to the
value of one hundred ])ounds sterling per annum, and were
refpiired to ptuchase one huiulred acres of land for the use of
the school, and erect necessary buildings for master and school,
and certain moneys were a|>i»ro|>riated, and direitted to be
equally divided between th(^ ('ounties.
The masters were re(]iiired to tea<']i as uv.my poor vkiUlrcn as
the Vimtors slioiild determine. Under this law, County Schools
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 69
were erected in all the older and more populous Counties. In
further pursuance of this policy, the Assembly of 1763, chapter
32, declaring- it was reasonable that education should be
extended equally to the several parts of the Province, and that
there should be a Public School erected in Frederick County,
as well as in other Counties. In order to the erecting and build-
ing a house and other conveniences for a County School, enacted
there should be one acre purchased in Frederick Town, in Fred-
erick County ; that Col. Thomas Cresap, Mr. Thos. Beatty, Mr.
Nathan Magruder, Capt. Joseph Chapline, Mr. John Darnall,
Col. Samuel Beall and the Rev. Mr. Thomas Bacon, be Visitors
of the School, and authorized to purchase the lot. It was
thrther enacted that an equal dividend of the duties, taxes, &c.,
collected for the use of the County Schools, shall be paid to
said Visitors, and applied to the purchase of said lots and
buildings.
The Public School System, under the control of the Church
of England, although tainted with the intolerance of the period,
displays a commendable solicitude for the cultivation of the
minds and morals of the youth of the Colony. In the absence
of Collegiate Institutions, Private Schools conducted by learned
men, ecclesiastical and lay, of all creeds, laid the foundation of
scholastic knowledge. The more affluent youth were educated
abroad; but the log school house, and the winter fireside,
developed the seeds of science in many minds, and produced a
race of men of extraordinary mental endowments and capacity
for public affairs.
The first School of any reputation in the County, was a Sem-
inary for young men, established towards the close of the
Kevolutionary War, by Mr. James Hunt, a Presbyterian
Clergyman from Philadelphia, on his farm called "Tusculum,"
now memorable as the Alma Mater of William Wirt. It was
here he was prepared, as far as scholastic training could pre-
pare him, for that brilliant career which has made his name one
of the most illustrious in American annals.
The next Classical Institution established in the County, was
the liocKviLLE Academy, chartered in 1809, and the Brooke-
VLLLE Academy next in 1814. Both of these Institutions are
handsomely endowed by the State, and have been in successful
operation ever since their foundation, and have exerted a refin-
70 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
ing- and elevating influence, not only on the youth of the County,
but extending throughout the different sections of the country.
Many private institutions of learning, of efficiency and repu-
tation, have since been established at Rockville, Brookeville,
Sandy Spring, Darnestown and Poolesville, while the Public
School System is the best that could be devised. Involuntary
ignorance is no longer possible, and ignorance of every kind is
being rapidly eradicated.
A description of one of the early schools will be interesting,
describing the scenes and in(;idents connected with education
fifty years ago, at the Barnesville Academy, near the
V'illage of Barnesville in this County. It was called in those
days Hays' School House, and consisted of a room sixty feet
long by thirty feet wide, buiit to accommodate about one hun-
dred scholars; old style desks, carefully made with drawers for
keeping the books in safe condition, were arranged around the
walls, and along the middle of the floor. Two ten plate stoves,
made for burning wood, half the cord stick in length, warmed
the hall ; shelves extended all around the upper part of the
walls near the ceiling, for the storage of grub baskets ; and nails
were driven in the walls, close under these shelves, for the
hanging up of cloaks, hats, bonnets and shawls. The ininci-
pal's desk was placed at the south end of the hall. On it sat
the bell, the much dreaded bell in "play time," whose sound
must not be disregarded. Before it, reposed the rattan, a
foreigner by growth, yet it frequently made itself too familiar
with the school boys, for the comfort of the latter. Contrary
to the general laws of war, it would attack them in the rear,
and make retreat impossible.
The halcyon days of the academy were from 1830 to 1836 ;
Thomas Carr Lannan, a graduate of Belfast College, Ireland,
was the principal; and, for a time, Mr. Bogers and Mr. ]McGary,
two young candidates for holy orders in the Catholic Church,
his assistants.
lieginning with the young ladies, who graded high in Mr.
Lannan's classes, comes Miss Henrietta Herwood, a beautiful
and <iueenly young lady, sixteen or seventeen years of age,
who came four miles to school, riding on the same horse behind
her elder brother. She was an orphan and resided with the
family ol" liichard A. Harding near the mouth of Monocacy;
/ HISTORY OF M0NTG03IERY COUNTY. 71
Miss Mary Plummer, a mild aud gifted young- lady of sixteen,
beautiful of face and form, with energies sufficient to induce
her to scorn the foot of any class ; Miss Caroline Murphy, the
accomplished belle of the Sugar Loaf, so charming as to be able
to break multitudes of strong hearts without her knowledge or
consent. She rendered "Old Zi]) Coon" so sweetly on the
piano, that, on oft-repeated occasions, the light fantastic toe of
her admLrers would be set in motion keeijing time with the
melody. Miss Martha Hayes, a very neat aud handsome figure,
deep blue eyes, and intellectual forehead and face; she wa
gifted in conversation, and general favorite in the school. Miss
Mary Nicholls a beautiful, intellectual, and winning young lady,
bound to gravitate to the head of her class ; Miss Frances Trail,
who fell behind none of the above mentioned in accomplish-
ments, and Miss Jane, her sister, a handsome blue-eyed girl, a
sharp scholar, and general favorite; Miss Sarah Ellen Hays,
a rare beauty, sweet singer, and an accomplished performer on
the piano; Miss Ellen Jones, sixteen years old, beautiful and
winning and a great favorite, highly esteemed by all her class-
mates; Miss Mary Pearre, sister of Judge Pearre of Allegany
County, not less beautiful than her classmates, yet more affec-
tionate than many — her face just as intellectual as fair, was
always seen at the head of her class, or thereabouts; Miss
Catharine Pearre, her sister — the words spoken of Mary are
admirably adai^ted to her also; Miss Henrietta Wilcoxen, was
the queen among the beauties of the County.
These young ladies bore the old names of the County which
carried a prestige, socially, of dominant influence. They
silently told the story of their well-bred existence to every one
who saAv them; and appeared to be, as they really were, the
daughters of unostentatious gentlemen of the old school, who
planted aud built for themselves and theu' posterity.
The young gentlemen who attended the academy at this time
were Edward Hays, Mortimore Trail, Oscar Trail, Thomas
Nichols, Kichard Belt, Thomas Harwood, John Sellman, Gassa-
way Grimes, Howard Sellman, Thomas Johnson, James Pearre,
Thomas Austin, Stephen Jay, Pickering White, George Pearre,
David Hershey, John Hershey, Lemuel Beall, Avery Bell,
William Sellman, Kichard Thompson, John Reid, Robert Sell-
72 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
man, William Saffell, Hamilton Anderson, King Jay, Eeuben
Carley, Philemon Plummer.
Gassaway Grimes, Eichard Thompson and John Eeid
belonged to the higher Latin and Greek classes. They entered
upon the study of medicine, graduated, and became very
respectable in the profession.
Dr. Thomson now lives in Clarksburg and has an extensive
practice, surrounded by his children and grandchildren ; he bids
fair to live long in the enjoyment of his pleasant surroundings.
Dr. Eeid lives in Washington Gouuty; Dr. Grimes died in
early life, not long after he commenced practice.
Oscar Trail, Edward Hays, Eichard Belt and Thomas John-
son belonged to the same class, and stood foremost in the
academical course.
Mr. Trail commenced the mercantile business in Baltimore,
where he became a highly respected and successful merchant,
but, to the great regret of all his friends and classmates, died
early in life, leaving a yonng family. Messrs. Hays, Belt and
Johnson took up some learned profession. '
George Pearre studied law in Frederick, became learned in
the profession, and removed to Cumberland, where he became a
Judge of Allegany County, whose distinguished abilities on the
Bench fully declare his worth.
William and Egbert Sellman were respectable and
earnest scholars, bent on "a business education," which this
school well afforded. They made successful busmess men,
highly respected in the community; John is now residing in
Baltimore in very easy circumstances, and has recently filled
a seat in the City Council with much ability and favor. Eobert
is also in Baltimore, where he has, for a great number of years,
held and is still holding, to the entne satisfaction of the
mercantile community, the office of Inspector of Flour. William
now resides in our County, and has recently represented it in
the Senate of Maryland, in a manner very satisfactory to his
constituents.
John Hershey, a noble young man, went into the ministry,
after winning many prizes in the Latin and Greek classes, and
became a useful and prominent Minister of the Gospel.
At this school, the foundations for a thorough business educa-
tion were well and truly laid down under the personal superiu-
HISTORY OF MONTaOMERY COUNTY. 73
tendence of the principal, and a training for the higher
collegiate course was performed by him in a scholarly manner.
All the Latin historians, poets, and orators occurring in the
course between Jacob's Latin Eeader, and the polished sen-
tences of Tacitus were well read and understood, and a similar
Greek course kept equal pace with the Latin. A "business
education," as understood at the Barnesville Academy, consisted
in reading through the "English Reader," committing to
memory a definition of all the words in Walker's Small Diction-
ary, ciphering as far as the " Single Rule of Three" in Arith-
metic, with Grammar from Murray or Kirkham, sufticient to
qualify the student to write an essay or letter over a half sheet
of the large foolscap paper used in that day. To this was
added Single Entry Book-Keeping, done on unruled paper,
stitched together for the purpose with needle and thread; but
more frequently with awl and " wax end," obtained fi-om shoe
shops in the village. A balance sheet was struck at the end of
six months, the course was finished, the student then graduated
with "a business education" and retired from the school. This
is what was generally understood as a business education fifty
years ago.
Graduating with a business education, with brains sharpened
for the contest, the student, instead of retiring to the pursuits
of life, would often enter the higher classes, springing as a lion
into the arena, then woe to the poor stragglers iu the rear, for
somebody must "step down and out," or make rapid strides
towards the front.
After a course of gentle hazing, the new student was fully
admitted into the society of the school. This was done by
enticing the freshman into some amusing scrape with the
principal, by ducking him in the snow in the winter; or he was
by strategy on the part of the old regulars, repeatedly brought
to "the kuucks," at the game of marbles played in holes, until
his hands were severely bruised. Mr. Lannan always made it
a point to ascertain from the new scholar what business he
wished to follow when grown up to manhood, and trained him
ac(;ordinglj-, directing special and constant attention to the
development of all his capacities in that direction.
Public examinations were periodically held at the Academy.
For a month or more previous they were drilled for the great
6
74 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
competitive struggle, in liarcl questions calculated to span over
every branch of study.
There was little or no literature in the early days of the
County.
But the public archives, the proceedings, reports, resolutions,
and letters of public men, embodied in the Journals of the Con-
vention ,• the legislation of the State immediately succeeding its
organization as an independent sovereign ])ower; the judicial
opinions and the brilliant career of members of the bar edu-
cated before and after, Martin, Pinkney, Wirt, Taney, Johnson,
and men of that stamp, attest that the fountains from which
they drank were both pure and invigorating.
The first church in the County was the Rock Creek Church,
in the Parish of Prmce George, which extended over a portion
of Prince George's County, and what is now the District of
Columbia, and the whole of Montgomery and Frederick
Counties, but now only embraces a small territory around
Roekville. Parson Williamson was the Rector in charge at the
breaking out of the Re^'olutionary War, and built the fine old
mansion of Hayes, formerly the seat of the Dunlaps, and now
the property of William Laird, Esq. He was supported by the
compulsory tithe system.
CHAPTER XII.
First Public Roads. Rolling Tobacco to MarTcet. Union Turn-
pike. Washington, Colesville and Ashton. Columbia. The
Old Baltimore. River Road. Old Annapolis. Conduit. Old
Potomac Company. Subscriptions to said Company. Chesa-
peake and Ohio Canal. Coal Elevators in Georgetown. First
Railroad in the Country. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.
Metropolitan Branch.
The first public roads mentioned in the County, are the roads
from Georgetown to Frederick, and from Georgetown to Watts'
Branch, provided for in the loan granted to the several Counties
for road purposes, by the Act of Assembly, 1774. The next
mention is of the road from Frederick to Georgetown, the road
from Georgetown to the mouth of the Monocacy, and from the
mouth of Monocacy to Montgomery Court House, (in the Act of
Assembly', 1790, to straighten and amend the public roads in
the several Counties.) The planters at that early period did not
use wheeled vehicles, but attached a sapling to each end of a
tobacco hogshead, and thus formed a pair of shafts, by which
they hauled the hogsheads for shipment to Europe, to Bladens-
burg, Georgetown, Elk Ridge, and Baltimore, and brought
back their sui)plies of groceries and other necessaries on
the backs of horses. They even brought their annual supply
of herring and shad in this manner. Their clothing and
bed linen were chiefly woven from home-grown flax and
wool. Their jjersonal travel was done exclusively on horse-
back.
Roads after this period rapidly multiplied. The turnpike
from Rockville to Georgetown, the first paved road in the
County, was originally chartered in 1806; but was actually
constructed under an amendatory Act, containing the chief
provisions of its present charter, passed in 1817.
76 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
The Union Turnpike Road, leading- from WavShington to
Brookeville, was chartered in 1840. It has recently built several
branch roads.
The Washington, Colesville and Ashton Turnpike road,
chartered in 1870.
The Columbia road runs from Washington to Westminster,
passing through Brookeville.
The Old Baltimore road runs through the County, commenc-
ing on the Monocacy near its mouth.
The River road runs along the Potomac from Georgetown to
White's Ferry.
The old Annapolis road runs from the Brookeville Turnpike,
near Mitchell's Cross Roads to Annapolis.
The Conduit road from (xeorgetown to the Great Falls on the
Potomac River, was completed in 1875. It follows the line of
the Washington Aqueduct, and crosses Cabin John Branch on
a bridge of a single arch, the longest span in the Avorld. This
Aqueduct is also a Montgomery County work, having its source
and almost its entire line within the limits of the County, and
its permissive right from the State of Maryland.
The initial movement towards internal improvement in North
America, was inauguiated in this County, in 1774, two years
before the Declaration of Independence, and ten years before the
organization of the old Potomac Company. George Washing-
ton and Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, were conspicuous as
promoters of the movement. The following is a copy of an old
subscription paper, showing the names of the subscribers and
the amounts.
" We, the subscribers, have considered John Ballendine's
plan and proposals for clearing PotoicmacJc Eiver, and do ap-
prove of it; and to enable him to set about that useful and
necessary undertaking, do hereby agree ami promise severally,
to contribute such assistance, or ])ay such sums as we respec-
tiv<'ly subs<!ribe, to the Trustees named in the said i)lan and
proposals, or to their order at sucli times and ]>laces, and in
such proportions as shall be re<iuired by them, for the purpose
of clearing the said River. Witness our hands this tenth
DAY^ OF October, one thousand seven hundred and
seventy-four.
7
a a u a u
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 77
"N. B. — As nothing effectual can probably be done for less
than about thirty thousand pounds, this subscription is not to
be binding- unless to the value of thirty thousand pounds, Penn-
sylvania Currency, should be subscribed.
"George Washington, five hundred pounds Virginia Cur-
rency ;
" Ralph Wormely,
"Th. Johnson, Jr., for self and Mr. L. Jacques, £500 Penn'a
Cur'y.
"Dan of St. Thos. Jenifer, three hundred pounds, Dol'rs at
7«. M.
"Geo. Plaix, three hundred pounds. Currency.
"T. Ridout, two hundred ])ounds, Currency.
"Daniel Dulany's sou Walter, £200, Currency.
"David Eoss, for the Fredericksburg Co's, 500 pounds Pen'a
Cur'y.
" David Ross, for himself, 300 pounds Pennsylvania Currency.
"Dan'l and Sam'l Hughes, five hundred pounds Peun. Cur-
rency.
"Benj. Dulany, five hundred j)ounds Pennsylvania Money.
"Thos. Ringgold, one thousand i)0unds, Pennsylvania Cur-
rency.
" W. Ellzey, one hundred pounds.
"Jonas Clapham, one hundred pounds, Virginia Currency.
"William Deakins, Jr., one hundered pounds — dollars, at
7.S-. M.
"Joseph Chapline, fifty pounds common current money.
"Tho. Richardson, fifty pounds, Pennsylvania Currency.
"Thomas Johns, fifty pounds, common Currency.
"Adam Stephen, two hundred pounds, Pennsylvania Cur-
rency.
"Robt. and Tho. Rutherford, one hundred jjounds, Penn'a
Cui'y.
"Francis Deakins, one hundred i)Ounds, Com'n Cur'y of
Maryland.
"Charles Carroll, of (Jarrolltou, £1000, Cur'cy, Dol. at
7.S. iUl.
"By Act of Assembly in 1784, the State of Virginia gave to
'George Washington, Esq.,' fifty thousand shares, cai)ital stock
of the Potomac Company, and one hundred thousand shares of
78 HISTORY OF MONTGO:ttERY COUNTY.
the James River Corapauy's stock to testify their sense of 'his
unexampled merits towards his country.' For this Washington
returned his thanks in the most ])rofonnd and grateful manner,
but respectfully declined the gift; and in doing so, he uses these
memorable words, which ought to be printed in gold over the
door of every man who accepts high public trust, — 'When I was
called to the station with which I was honored during the late
conflict for our liberties, I thought it to be my duty to join to a
firm resolution to shut my hands against every pecuniary
recompence; to this resolution I have invariably adhered; from
this resolution (if 1 had the inclination) I do not consider my-
self at liberty to dei)art.'"
The old Potonmc Company was chartered in 1784, and Gen-
eral Washington was its first President, and assisted in person
in the survey of the river. The object of the Company, was to
render the upper T*otomac River navigable by the means of
locks, dams and short canals.
The work was so far proceeded with as to afford a precarious
navigation at high water for batteaux or flat bottomed boats,
from Cumberland to Georgetown. But the route was exceed-
ingly dangerous, and a great number of boats were wrecked
every spring. The people of Cooney, a settlement on the Vir-
ginia shore of the Potomac, at and around its Little Falls,
obtained from tlie wrecks a bountiful supply of flour, meat and
groceries, and with the fish taken from the river, furnished them
with their principal means of su])[)ort.
The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, which succeeded the old
Potomac Canal, was first projected in 1823 by the States of
Maryland, Virginia and Pennsylvania, and the National Govern-
ment. It was chartered by the State of Virginia in 1824; but
its organization was not comi)leted until 1828. It is one of the
greatest works of internal improvement in the {;ountry and of
inestimable value to the ])eo])le, extending as it does, jilong the
entire Western border, and oflering clieap transportation to some
of the richest se(;tions of the County.
An evidence ol' Ihc^ magnitude of the business transmitted
over the Canal in the one article of coal alone, can be formed
from the number of boats unloaded at the elevators in (leorge-
town every year. Last year six thousand l)oats unloaded at
these elevators, averaging one hundicd and twelve tons each
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 79
making the total number of tons received, six hundred and sev-
enty-two thousand. Some years past it has amounted to over
one milUon tons. The facilities for unloading are so perfect, that
from fifty to sixty boats can be unloaded per day. The freight
from Cumberland is about eighty-five cents per ton, while the
toll amounts to forty cents per ton. The Collector's office for
the Company is at Georgetown, and William E. Porter is super-
intendent of the Canal Comi>any. Mr. Porter is from Cecil
County, and was appointed superintendent in 1878. Previous
to this, he was with the Baltimore and Ohio Eailroad Company
for twenty-seven years, twenty years as assistant master
and seven years as supervisor of the road. During the
war he had general charge of repairing and constructing
bridges west of Harper's Ferry. Previous to the battle of
Winchester, General Shields ordered him to construct a suspen-
sion bridge across Back Creek, for the passage of his army.
He accomi)lished the work in three hours, over which General
Shields and his army of sixteen thousand men crossed in safety.
Mr. Porter received the acknowledgments of the General after
the battle.
The Collector is William Snowden, from Anne Arundel
County, and has a thorough acquaintance with the duties of
the office. Mr. F. M. Griffith, who has been connected with the
Canal since 1870, is Assistant Collector, and is from Beallsville,
Montgomery County. — Mr. James S. Kemp, of Clarksburg,
Montgomery County, is Harbor Master, and is assisted by
Mr. Frank Fisher, from near Darnestown, of this County.
In 1830, the Canal Company constructed a railroad four or
five miles in length, to facilitate the transportation of stone
from the great "White Quarry," at the foot of Sugar Loaf
Mountain, for the building of an Aqueduct over the river
Monocacy at its junctioii with the Potomac.
Excavations for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad may have
commenced before the excavations for this little mountain
road, yet it is quite certain that here the first rails were laid,
and here the first railroad in Maryland, and perhaps the first in
the United States, was put in full operation. The Canal Com-
pany, in preparing to construct the great Aiiueduct at the
mouth of Monocacy, first thought of the transportation of
ponderous hewn stone from the foot of the Sugar Loaf, by
80 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
routes over which wagons could not possibly pass, and pro-
ceeded to construct the first, and now almost forgotten railroad.
As short as it was, and diminutive as it appeared before other
great lines of road, which soon followed on its construction, it
should be described in the history of the County. Iron rails
were not used, the wooden ones, or " string pieces," as they
were called, consisted of nothing more than trunks of trees,
generally oak, cut from twelve to sixteen feet long, so as to
allow the diameter at the smaller end to be not less than eight
or ten inches. Along the whole length of these string pieces a
groove or triangular ti'ough was cut with an adze from the cir-
cumference to the centre, taking out a fourth part of the wood,
which left two flat surfaces, forming a right angle at the heart
or centre of the log. The trackway was graded and the log, or
string piece, put down with one of its flat surfaces parallel with
the surface of the ground, and the other perpendicular to it.
The perimeter of the car- wheel ran on the flat surface of the
groove or trough, and the outside or outward edge of the peri-
meter moved along the perpendicular surfaces of the string
piece on each side of the track, holding the car firmly in its
place, and preventing it from running oft" to the ground. The
track was firmly ballasted on the inner and outer side with blast
rock. This was generally called, simply, hlarsf by the Irish
laborers, because it consisted of small pieces of rock thrown oft"
by blasting. A smooth path was made between the string
pieces to acconnnodate two horses abreast. No cross ties were
used; the weight of the string ])ieces and the stone ballast was
sufticient to bind the track together. When one flat surface of
the rail or string ])iece was worn and split by the pressure of
the wheel, the other was turned down by turning the rails "end
for end," or from "side to side," of the track, and thus the road
was repaired, until it became necessary to put in new string-
pieces. The road was built nj) hill and down, througli a rough
and mountainous country, for th(^ greater ]>art of the way —
very little grading being done. The (;ars consisted of a plain
wooden platform only, su]>ported by iron wheels and axles.
One wheel, or more, on each car, had cogs on the inside of the
perimeter, into which an iron lever could play, so as to lock a
wheel or two in going down hill. The lever was held in the
hand of the driver of the horses; and wlien the wheel or wheels
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 81
were locked, the car, with its great load of hewn rock, would,
to the relief of the horses, slide down the hill like a locked
wagon on an earthen road. Snow was removed from the track
by Irish laborers with shovels. A car containing tools and
provisions, with "gigger" cups and big jugs, was dispatched
from each terminus of the road to clean off snow, and when the
two parties met on the road double giggers were dealt out by
the "grog boss," and great hilarity pleasantly followed, unless
the laborers happened to be hostile, and then an attempt might
be made to repeat the battle of the Boyne. The road w^as kept
in active operation until the Aqueduct was finished, and then
abandoned to decay. Most of the string pieces, however, were
soon seized by the mountaineers for firewood, and the ballast
hauled off to build aud repair stone fences.
The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the pioneer of all the gTeat
railroad systems of the world, was chartered in 1827. This is
not strictly a Montgomery work, and nowhere touches the
County, yet as it, together with its Washington Branch, skirts
the entire eastern and northern borders and approaches nearly
to the western boundaries, and has been of such great import-
ance to so large a portion of the people of the County, that a
sketch of some of the results accomplished by the building of
the road Avill be interesting.
The Metropolitan Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
was chartered in 1865, aud completed and operated in the spring
of 1873. The road runs diagonally through the County from its
north-west corner to its south-eastern extremity, and is avail-
able to nearly every section of it, and when its Hanover Switch
Branch is constructed, every neighborhood of the County will
be within easy reach of either a railroad or canal.
Richard Randolph, Assistant Engineer, located the whole
line, and was then transferred to Valley Road of Virginia.
James A. Boyd had the first contract, which was for section
11, Parr's Ridge, which is here 250 feet lower than the Parr's
Ridge on Main Line; this was a deep cut three-fourths of a
mile long, running from grade to 30 feet cut in one-fourth, then
30 feet for one-fourth of a mile, then running out in the next
one-fourth of a mile. About the time this section was finished,
several of the next heaviest were put under contract.
James A. Boyd took sections 10, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16.
Henry Gautz, 17, 18, 19 aud 20. E. 1). Smith, section 7, includ-
82 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
ing the masonry of Bridge over Monocacy ; the grade is 90 feet
above low water over this stream ; there is a very heavy embank-
ment on west side, greatest height 70 feet ; a long rock cut on
east side, 20 to 30 feet deep for more than three-fourths of a
mile.
The iron superstructure for this Monocacy Bridge was built
by the Company, at their Mount Clare shops. Three spans
of 200 feet each and one of 100. This one mile section cost,
including graduation, masonry and bridge superstructure,
$300,000. Sections 1, 2, 3, 4, including the Calico Kocks, were
built by the Company's forces. Sections 5 and 6, by Bernard
Riley. Sections 8 and 33, by Peter McNamara. Section 9, by
White and McArdle. 21, Timothy Flaherty. 22 and 23, B. R.
Codwise. 24, 25, 26, Michael Buoy. 27 and 30, Dennis Murphy.
28 and 29, Timothy Cavan. 31, 32 and 33, G. M. Watkins.
34 and 37, Patrick McCabe. 35, Alfred Ray. 30 and 39, James
Forward. 40, Thomas A. Waters. 41 and 42, by Comj^any's
force.
JSTot finding materials for bridges at the crossing of Little
Monocacj", Little and Big Seneca, — these streams were crossed
on trestles, constructed by the Company's forces. Little Monoc-
acy and Big Seneca, 70 feet high, and at Little Seneca, 100 feet
high. The intention is to replace these trestles with permanent
structures of stone and iron, when the trestles shall have been
used to a i^roper extent.
The maximum grade is 50 feet per mile. Minimum radius
of curvature, 1000 feet. Elevation at Gaithersburg, 516 feet
above tide.
Distance from Point of Rocks to Baltimore by old line 69 miles.
" " " " via Washington new line 80 "
As the location of Washington seems to be on ground i^re-
pared for a site of the seat of Government of a great Nation,
so Montgomery County seems prepared to furnish supplies of
all kinds for the inhabitants of such a city; Milk, Butter, Poul-
try, flay. Fruit and Vegetables, in fact, every thing which will
not stand long carriage. Also, by means of this road, to furnish
locations for country residences for those who can afford it, the
whole line from Washington to Sugar Loaf Mountain furnishes
sites foi- cottages, where abundant water of best (piality, shade
trees and soil most favorable for gardeners can be found.
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 83
All important passenger trains of the Baltimore and Ohio
Company, including local and fast freight, pass over the Metro-
politan Branch, affording unprecedented facilities to the people
for personal travel and transportation of productions and sup-
plies. There are twenty-eight stations on the road from Wash-
ington to Point of Eocks, or the Washington Junction, the
intersection with the Main Stem, a distance of forty-two and one-
half miles, viz:
IVIETROPOLITAN BRANCH.
Stations. Miles. Stations. Miles.
Washington Eockville 16:|
Metropolitan Junction 1 Derwood 19
Queeustown 3^ ^Vashington Grove 20f
Terra Cotta 4 Gaithersburg. 2\h
Stott's 41 Clopper's 24^
Brightwood 6^ Germantown 26i
Silver Springs 7 Little Seneca 28i
Linden 9 Boyd's 29^
Forest Glen 9^ Barnesville 33^
Ray's Quarry 9f Dickerson 3of
Knowles 11 Tuscarora. 39
Windham's 134 Sugar Loaf. 41f
Halpiu 154 Washington Junction 42a
The following is the list of Officers of the Road at present:
President J. W. Garrett.
Yiee-Prefiident John King, Jr.
2d VicePresidenf Wm. Keyser.
Chief Enfiineer James L. Randolph.
General Freight Agent M. R. Smith.
Manter of Transportation W. M. Clements.
" " Road John Bradshaw.
" " Machinery John C. Davis.
Treasurer ^"^^ H- Ijams.
Anditor W. T. Thelhi.
Superintendent Pitt.^bitrg Division E. K. Hyndman.
" Trans. Ohio Bivinon C. H. Hudson.
General Ticlcet Agent L. M. Cole.
Supt. Terminal Trades and Stations John L. Wilson.
CHArTER XIII.
Prominent Men.
Col. John Berry. EJisha Ruigs. Samuel Riggs. Mrs. Ann
Poultneif. Philip E. Thomas. Rev. Reuben T. Boyd. His
Ordination as Minister of the Oospel. His Certificate to per-
form marriage, signed by General Wm. Henry Harrison. John
C. Clark. George R. Gaither. Israel H. B., and A. and
R. R. Griffith. Thomas L. Reese. William Dame. Rev.
Thomas MeCormiclc. Thomas Moore. Caleh Bently. Isaax;
Riggs. Roger Brooke. Hon. Francis P. Blair. Robert Pot-
tinger. Dr. Wm. Boivie Mag ruder. Major George Peters.
Drs. Ditvall. Tobacco Inspectors. Robert Sellman. Thos.
B. W. Vinson, Triadelphia Cotton Factory.
Col. John Berry, who participated in the defeuce of Fort
McIIenry when bombarded by the British in 1814, and whose
well directed guns caused the British lion to weigh anchor and
drop down the river, out of the reach of the artillery of the
Fort. For his gallantry on this occasion he attracted the atten-
tion of Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott — by an oiler of promotion and
transfer to another im])()rtant military post. He preferred,
after successfnlly defending his adopted (^ity, to return to
pri\'ate life, and devoted hims<'lf to the development of the
patent tire brick with his brother, .Air. Thos. L. Berry, in the
south-east part of the City, which ])roved eminently successful
and protitable. He accumulated a large fortune, leaving as his
representatives. Gen. -lohn Summerlield r)erry, and John
Hurst, the su(!cessful dry goods merchant and i)resident of the
National l^ixclunige Bank.
l^iLiwiiA i{i(;(;s, for many years the head of the well known
firm of Biggs, Teabctdy «& Co., on Baltimore street, near
Hanover; afterwards Peabody, liiggs «& Co., German street.
The ehh'i- i>artner removed to New York, after aiding and estab-
lishing tiie well known lirm of Corcoran & Biggs, of Washing-
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 85
ton. He died, leaving a fortune of a million and a half of
dollars. Mr. George Peabody, at one time his clerk, afterwards
his partner, had in the meantime removed to London, where, in
his successfnl efltbrts to maintain and uphold the credit of
Maryland, he laid the foundation of his own colossal fortune,
a part of which, in his life-time, he devoted to the development
of art and instruction for the benefit of the City of Balti-
more, by the establishment of the magnificent institute, "The
Peabody Institute," on Mount Vernon Place, which bears and
will hand down down his name to generations yet unborn.
Samuel KiGtGS the junior member of the firm died in early
life, leaving a fortune of $300,000 dollars.
Mrs. Ann Poultney, relict of the late Charles Poultney,
and sister of Philip E. Thomas, remarkable for her culture,
piety and refinement, also as a prominent member and si^eaker
of the Society of Friends.
Philip E. Thomas, founder, and for many years the Presi-
tlent of the Baltimore and Ohio Kailroad, — the first commer-
cial railroad undertaken in the United States.
The Eev. Eeuben T. Boyd, of this County, father of Col.
T. H. S. BoY^D, the publisher of this history, born July 3rd,
1794, on the old estate of the Boyd's, known as " Boyd's
Delaj"," on Eock Creek, three miles east of Eockville. He
studied for the ministry, and was authorized to preach the
Gospel in the Baltimore District of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, November 26th, 1825. His certificate being signed by
Eev. Joseph Frye, President, James E. Williams, Secretary;
renewed December 30th, 1826, signed Joseph Frye, President,
and J. S. Eeese, Secretary. For several years ])receding and
during this time a great reform was being agitated in the Meth-
odist Episcopal Church, the object of which was a change in
the form of government, so as to admit of the representatives
of Lay members in the councils of the church.
Mr. Boyd took an active and zealous stand in behalf of the
projected reform, and was a constant contributor to the columns
of a pamphlet published by William Stockton, father of the
late Eev. Thos. H. Stockton, one of the most eminent pulpit
orators of his day, and Chaplain of the United States House of
Eepresentatives. This i)amphlet was published in the interest
of the reformers, and soon brought do\\n on their devoted
86 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. '
heads, the violent denunciation and abuse of the Bishops and
Elders of the Church, which finally resulted in the expulsion of
eleven Ministers for advocating- the rights of the Laity. Reu-
ben T. Boyd was the youngest of the eleven, and many amusing-
anecdotes are related of the Radicals, as they were called by
their former associates. The controversy waxed warm, and
shook the government of Methodism to its foundation. But the
original eleven were not to be crushed ; imbued with the fire
and spirit that animated their forefathers, they soon gathered
around them a strong- following, and banded themselves together
under the name of the Associated Methodist Churches, and at
the Maryland Aiuuial Conference of Ordained Ministers and Lay
Delegates, held in Baltimore, April 5th, 1829, he was ordained
for the office of Deacon, and authorized by the said Conference
to administer the ordinance of Baptism ; to assist the Elder in
the administration of the Lord's Supper, to celebrate Marriage,
and to preach and expound the Holy Scriptures, so long as his
life and doctrine accord with the Gospel of our Lord Jesus
Christ. Signed by Rev. Nicholas Snethen, President, and
Luther J. Cox, Secretary.
Their organization rapidly increased, when they gave it the
name of the Methodist Protestant Church, and at their Mary-
land Annual Conference of Ministers and Delegates, held in the
City of Georgetown, District of Columbia, April the 8th, 1832,
he was ordained for the office of Elder in the Methodist Pro-
testant Church, and authorized by said Conference, so long as
his life and doctrine accord with the Holy Scriptures, to admin-
ister the Lord's Sui^per, to Baptize, to celebrate Matrimony,
and to feed the flock of God, taking oversight, not as a Lord
over God's heritage, but being an exami)le to the flock.
Signed by order and in behalf of the Maryland Animal Con-
ference, Rev. Eli Henkle, President, James Hanson, Secretary.
Mr. Henkle was the father of the present member of Congress
from the Fifth Maryland District.
Their (^liurcli membershij) rapidly spread, and new Confer-
ences formed esi)ecially in the South and West. Feeling that
his sphere of usefulness would be enlarged by removing to the
West, he was transferred to the Illinois Conference in 1838, and
from there to the Ohio Conference in 1840, where he remained
nine years.
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 87
The following^ certificate recorded in tlie Court of Common
Pleas for Hamilton County, State of Ohio, and signed by Gen-
eral Harrison, Clerk of the Court, and afterwards President of
the United States, will be of interest, showing as it does that
General Harrison, at the time of his election to the Presidency,
was Clerk of the Court of Hamilton County, Ohio.
"State of Ohio, Hamilton County, ss.:
"Be it known, that on the 28th day of November, in the term
of November, A. D. eighteen hundred and forty, of the Court
of Common Pleas, within and for said County, Eeuben T. Boyd
produced to said Court satisfactory evidence and credentials of
his being a regular ordained Minister of the Methodist Pro-
testant Church, in the Ohio Annual Conference, and now officiat-
ing as such on the Cincinnati Cii'cuit, Whereupon the Court
grant unto said Eeuben T. Boyd, a License, authorizing him to
solemnize Marriages throughout said State, agreeably to the
requisitions of the Statute of said State, in such case made and
provided, so long as he shall continue a regular Minister in
said society or congregation.
" By order of Court.
"In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and
aflQxed the seal of said County at Cincinnati, this the 28th day
of November, A. D. 1840.
"Wm. H. Harrison, Clh
"J. J. Snider, i>ep,"
Endorsed on the back :
" Recorded in the Marriage Records of Logan Countj^, Ohio,
on the 4th day of April, 1844.
N. L. McCoLLOCH, Clerk.
"Entered on the Records in the Clerk's office, Champaign
County, March 28th, 1844.
Samuel H. Robbinson, Clerk.
"Entered on the Records in the Clerk's office. Union County,
April 24th, 1844.
John Cassil, Clerk.^^
88 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
He returued to the Maryland Conference in 1840, where he
continued an active and efficient Minister, until 1859, when
health failing him, he w as placed on the the superannuated roll of
the Conference. After an active and continuous life of thirty-four
years in the Ministry, he was compelled to seek rest, and where
should he look for this haven but in his native County, where
the scenes of early childhood would recall the happy memories
of his youth. He bought property in Clarksburg, and removed
his family in 1859, where he lived to enjoy the remaining days
of his life in the happy enjoyment of a consciousness of a
bright future beyond the grave. He died seated in his easy
chair, surrounded by his books and paj)ers, on the 15th of Feb-
ruary, 1865, in his seventy-second year. At peace with God
and mankind, honored and respected by all, he left behind a
record worthy of examjjle. During his life he was a constant
and voluminous writer, his publications in the Methodist
Protestant and AVestern Eecorder attracting universal attention.
John C. Clark, the well known Merchant and Banker, was
born in Clarksburg, and in early youth removed to Baltimore,
and engaged in business with more than ordinary success. He
was very unfortunate in the death of his children ; of a family
of nine, all of whom, wdth one exception, attained adult age,
and several married — he had buried all several years before
his own death, which occurred in 1867, at the age of seventy-four.
After i^roviding well for his grandchildren, all of whom are
now living in Baltimore, or its vicinity — and making other
bequests, he bequeathed property to the value of half a million
of dollars to a Beneficiary Society, which, at his instance, had
been inc()r])orated in connection with Saint John's Methodist
Protestant Church in Liberty street, Baltimore, which is to
occupy a magnificent site on Madison avenue, near the Park.
George R. Gaither, recently deceased, one of Baltimore's
most o])ulent citizens, left a fortune of one million three hun
dred thousanrl dollars, consisting of large and handsome stores
and warehouses, on Baltimore, Hanover, German, Howard and
Cliarles streets, and handsome dwelling houses on Cathedral
street.
Israel H. B,, and A. and R. K. Griffith, for many years
flourished as successful Merchants of Baltimore. Upon the
death of the first named, investments in stocks and bonds to
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 89
the amount of four hundred and forty-five thousand dollars
were found in a trunk under his bed.
Thomas L. Eeese, the father, and grandfather of the well
known grocery firm, now doing business in Baltimore, was for
a number of years a highly esteemed citizen of old Mont-
gomery.
In early life he was a clerk with the celebrated Johns Hop-
kins, in the coimting-room of their uncle Gerard T. Hopkins,
and often has the great capitalist been heard to say, that when
he came to Baltimore he had but five dollars in the world, but
he had resolved to become a rich man.
When about twenty-five years of age he married Mary,
daughter of Thomas Moore — and lived for six or eight years
in Brookeville, engaged in mercantile life, filling several offices
of honor and trust, everywhere esteemed as a conscientious and
ujiright man.
From there he returned to Baltimore, and became a partner
in the wholesale grocery firm of Gerard T. Hopkins & Co.
In 1833 he opened a retail store on Pratt street, desuing to
educate his sons in all the details of the business, where he
remained until 1844, when he retired from active life, but stiU
by his dailj^ counsel and advice, aiding his sons, who succeeded
him, in building up the large business thej^ are now doing. — In
early life he was often heard to say that he never desired to
become a rich man, and although actively engaged for more
than thirty years in mercantile life, during which he reared and
educated a large family, he died in moderate circumstances,
but leaving to posterity a legacy more valuable than any
amount of earthly riches, — a good name.
Among other names worthy of being mentioned is that of
William Darne, of Mountain View, at the foot of the Sugar
Loaf Mountain, who afterwards removed to Daruestowu, where
he died.
Mr. Darne was distinguished for liis hospitality and urbanity
of manners. He left a family of daughters equally distinguished
for beauty, cultm-e, ease and elegance of manner. One of
whom married Capt. Smoot of the Navy ; another, Capt. Lacy
of the Army; another, Dr. Bell, a practising physician of the
County. Mr. Darne several times represented the County in
the State Legislature and as a director in the Chesapeake and
7
90 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
Ohio Canal. He also left one sou, Mr. Alexander, Darne of the
County.
Kev. Thomas McCormick was born in Loudoun County,
Viro-iiiia, in 1792, but came to Montgomery at the age of six to
live with his uncle, Thomas Moore. In 1800 he went to Balti-
more and learned the trade of house carpenter, and fifteen
years afterwards built the house now owned by E. J. Hall, Esq.,
at Longwood, near Brookeville, which he afterwards purchased,
and where he resided for fifteen years in enjoyment of the pleasant
surroundings. He is now nearly eighty-eight years of age.
The late Thomas Moore lived in Brookeville, and was the
inventor of the first refrigerator ever made, in which Thomas
McCormick carried the first butter to market. It was patented
in 1803, and at first was of small size, made for the purpose of
carrying butter to market on horseback, as most of the market-
ing was carried in those days. The refrigerator consisted of a
cedar tub of oval form, and about eighteen or twenty inches
deep, in this was placed a tin box, with the corners square,
which would contain twenty-two prints of butter of one pound
each, leaving si)ace on each side, between the tin and wood, for
ice in small lumps. The outside of the wooden box was covered
with rabbit skin with the fur on, and over that was a covering
of coarse woolen cloth. In this refrigerator the butter was
carried on horseback to the market at Georgetown, a distance
of twenty miles, in warm weather, hard and firm, and with ice
enough left to give each piu-chaser a. small lump. This butter
commanded a nuich higher ]>rice than any other.
Thomas Moore was a remarkable man. His father, Thomas
Moore, .an Irish Quaker, came to this country early in the last
century, settled first in Pennsylvania, where he married, and
afterwards removed to Loudoun County, Virginia, where he built
a residence and called the place AVaterford, after his native
home. Here the son Tliomas for a tinu^ carri(»d on the business
of a cabinet-maker, which he had leariuMl, He then engaged in
milling and merchandising in connection with his brother-in-
law, Janu3S McCormick. About the year 1794 he removed to
Maryland, having married Mary Brooke, daughter of Roger
lirooke, of Brooke Grove, in Montgomery County. Here he
commenced farming on the estate of his wife, and soon dis-
tinguished himself as a practical farmer.
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 91
The State of Maryland is greatly indebted to him for many
improvements in agriculture. Although the land was poor
when he took possession of it, he soon had the model farm of
the County and State. This farm is now owned by E. J. Hall,
Esq., former President of the Montgomery County Agricultural
Society, who married a niece of Mary Moore. Persons came
from long distances to see his farm and witness the deep ploAv-
ing with the mammoth plow of his own invention, his fine stock
of cattle in fields of red clover, his meadows of timothy, fine
fields of corn, the ground yellow with pumpkins, and the large
pen of small bone hogs, fattened on pumpkins, corn and slop,
boiled in a wooden box.
One of his distinguished visitors was Charles Carroll, son of
Carroll of Carrollton, who came on ])uriiose to see the farm
and improvements. The proprietor being absent on that occa-
sion, it devolved upon the twelve-year-old nephew to show the
visitor around, which service was rewarded by the first silver
dollar the farmer boy ever called his own.
Thomas Moore, about this time, wrote a treatise on agricul-
ture, and another on ice-houses and refrigerators, which proved
of signal benefit to the State of his adoption. In the year
1805, he was employed by the Corporation of Georgetown to
construct the causeway from Mason's Island to the Virginia
shore, for which he received twenty-four thousand dollars, and
completed the work in less than one year. After this he was
employed by the United States Government to lay out the great
!N"ational Eoad to the West. Durilig the war with Great Britain,
from 1812 to 1816, he took charge of the Union Manufacturing
Works, near EUicotts' Mills, as chief manager.
About this time he, in connection with his two brothers-in-
law, Caleb Bently and Isaac Biggs, purchased the site and
erected the cotton mills known as Triadelphia, Montgomery
County, Md. This was not a profitable investment, the war
closing soon after the factory went into operation. He was
next called upon by the Board of Public Works of the State
of Virginia to accept the position of Chief Engineer of the
James River Canal. He also served in the same capacity in
the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, where, after making consider-
able progress, he contracted a fever so fatal to many on the
Potomac, and came home to end his life with his family. From
92 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
the year 1818 until his death he occupied, with much honor to
himself and with great benefit to the public, and with the
entire approbation of those to whom he was responsible, the
office of principal Civil Eugineer of the State of Virginia. On
the 3rd of October, after a sickness of twelve days, aged 63
years, he quietly departed this life like one falling into a quiet
slumber.
EoGER Brooke, an immediate descendant of one of the
first settlers of the colony of Maryland, was noted for wit and
humor, and though a Quaker, he had, like Washington, a great
fondness for his hounds and the fox chase ; and w^ as one of the
best, most active and successful farmers of the County. Mr.
Francis P. Blair, in an agricultural address, characterized him
as a second Franklin.
Mr. Blair above alluded to, who so beautifully and elegantly
established himself at his well known seat of Silver Springs,
was attracted to the spot under singular circumstances. He
had purchased a very fine saddle horse, Selim, of the late Gen.
Wm. Lingan Gaither, another of Montgomery's representative
men, who had repeatedly served his native County with credit
and ability in both branches of the State Legislature. In tak-
ing a ride with his daughter, beyond the limits of the District
of Columbia and in the lower part of Montgomery County,
Selim became frightened, threw his rider, and ran down among
the thick growth of pines in the valley to the west of the road.
Mr. Blair followed and found the horse fast to a bush, which
had caught the dangling reins of the bridle. Near the sjwt he
spied a bold fountain bubbling up, the beautiful white sand
sparkling in the water like specks of silver. Mr. Blair became
so charmed M'ith the spot and the spring, that he resolved at
once if possible to possess it. He sought its owner, and soon a
bargain was made at what then was considered a good price by
the seller; but in the eyes of Mr. Blair as very cheap. This led
to the proprietorshii> of the far-famed and classic seat of Silver
Springs; where its venerable and distinguished owner spent in
elegant retirement the last twenty-five years of his long and
eventful life, and died peacefully, full of years and full of
honors, at the advanced period of eighty-five.
Robert Pottinger and J)r. William Bowie Magruder,
father of the late most excellent and valuable citizen and physi-
HISTOKY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 93
cian, Dr. Wm. B. Magruder, of Brookeville, were leading and
prominent citizens of the County, in their day and generation.
Major George Peter was a member of Congress for this
District, and during life a prominent and active politician. He
served in the Legislature of the State. He commanded an
artillery company in the war of 1812, and had among his
soldiers George Peabody, who subsequently became the great
banker and philanthropist, and the late George E. Gaither of
Baltimore, who then, with Mr. Peabody, resided in George-
town, D. C.
The two Drs. Duvall, father and son, were prominent and
active in their professions, as politicians and representatives
of the County in the State Legislature.
The different State Inspectors of Tobacco, appointed from
Montgomery County, were Eichard H. Griffith, Philemon Grif-
fith, John W. Darby, Francis Valdemar, Perry Etchison, Green-
berry S. Etchison, and the present popular Inspector, Eobert
S. Hilton.
Eobert Sellman, of Montgomery County, was, before the
repeal of the law, appointed State Flour Inspector. He so
actively and faithfully discharged the duties of the office, that
after the repeal of the law, he was, and still is continued as
private inspector at the request of the merchants of Baltimore.
Thos. F. W. Vinson, well and favorably known to the citi-
zens of Montgomery County, was a fine specimen of the gentle-
men of the olden times. His pleasing manners at once put his
friends, as well as strangers, at perfect ease in his presence.
He was for many years Sheriff" of the County, and one of the
Judges of the Orphans' Court.
Mr. James Holland, grandfather of the present Thomas J.
and Clagett Holland, was said strongly to resemble General
Washington in his personal appearance. As an auctioneer, he
was known far and near. A peculiarity of his habit was always
to give ample notice to both seller and buyer. "Going, going,
going, the last chance, otvners and bidders loolc ouV
J The principal mauufacturing establishment in the County was
Triadelphia Cotton Factory, founded in 1809, by three brothers-
in-law, Isaac Eiggs, Thomas Moore and Caleb Bently.
A Woolen Factory was established in the neighborhood about
the same time by David Newlin, — all members of the Society
of Friends.
CHAPTER XIV.
Prominent Men — Continued.
Hon. Geo. W. Hilton. Wm. Darnc^ of Mountain View. Prof.
Benjamin Hallorvell. Hon. Allen Boicie Davis. Edward
Stabler. W. T. R. Safell. Francis Cassott Clopper. Wil-
liam Wilson. Leonidas Wilson. Hon. Thomas Lansdale. Dr.
Eichard Waters. John S. Belt. Hon. Richard Waters, and
others.
Worthy of mentiou amoug the self-made men of tlie (^oimty
is the Hon. George W. Hilton, boru in Laytousville, October
the 2d, 1823, and educated in Georgetown, District of Cohimbia.
Soon after completing his education he commenced the teaching
of school in the old mountain school house, in the third district,
afterwards he taught school in Clarksburg and Cracklin Dis-
tricts. In 1847, he was appointed Deputy Sherift' and Collector,
which position he occupied until he engaged in mer(;handising
in Damascus, in 1852, where he successfully continued for seven
years, when he purchased property in Clarksburg and removed
there in 1859. By energy and enterprise, combined with strict
business integrity, he succeeded in establishing a large and prolit-
able business, wliich he conducted until 1872, when he turned
his attention to agricultural pursuits. Having purcliased four
tracts of laud adjacent to the village of Clarlcsburg, lie set
about renovating and im[)roving tliem, by a liberal and judi-
cious exi>enditure in lime and fertilizers, including grasses, he
has succeeded in bringing them up to a degree of fertilitj' that
is am])ly repaying him for his expenditure.
Mr. Hilton's ability soon attracted the attention of the people,
and he was called to tlie Legislature in 18()0, and served the
people in the session of J 870 so faithfully, tiiat he was re-elected
for a second term in 1872, serving on the committees of cor-
porations and printing with marked ability. With a keen per-
ception for the details of measures that ati'ected the interests of
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 95
the County, he was ever foremost in perfecting- and pressing
them to a favorable conckision. He was also appointed by
Gov. Carroll, in 1877, on the Board of Control and Review that
had the revising of the tax assessments. Mr. Hilton finds
ample opportunity for the display of his spirit of enterprise in
the improvement and beautifying of his lands and tenements,
having erected several handsome dwellings in Clarksburg, that
have added materially in i)romoting the attractions of the
village.
"Mountain View,'' the old home of William Darne, is a fait»t,
containing about 150 acres of land, watered by Little Mouocacy
on the north-east, and bounded on the south and south-west by
the County roads leading from Barnes ville to Maj. Hempston's
Old Brick Mill. The lands of the Gotts and riummers lie adja-
cent at the south, those of Abraham S. Hayes and Z. G. Harris
on the east and south-east, and those of Colmore Offutt and
Hanson Hays on the north. The proprietorship of some of
these lands is now no doubt dilferent. Patrick McDade's old
mill was located on Little Mouocacy, about half a mile north of
Mountain View.
Prominent among those whose deeds have added lustre to the
name and fame of the Friends' Society of Sandy Springs, and
of Montgomery County, is that of Benjamin Hallowell,
Philosopher, Philanthropist, Orator, Farmer and Teacher;
gifted with an extraordinar}- variety of knowledge, prominent
in the many fields of investigation, in which he exerted his
powerful energies, and prosecuting his researches with one ulti-
mate aim, the happiness of his fellow-creatures. He was born
in Montgomery County, Pennsylvauia, on the 17th of August,
1799, and came to Montgomery County, Maryland, in 1819, as
Mathematical teacher at the Boarding School at Fair Hill,
which was established in that year. In 1824, he established a
school at Alexandria, Virginia, and received among his pupils,
from all sections of the country, many who have since attained
position and honor. The Eev. Mrs. R. T. Boyd, relict of the
late Rev. R. T. Boyd, of this County, and mother of the pub-
lisher, attended his courses of lectures in Alexandria, in the
years 1834 and '35. Mr. Hallowell came to live upon his farm
" Rockland," near Sandy Springs, in the summer of 1842, this
was a poor tract of land, but by judicious draining, fertilizing
96 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
and grass seeding, it was completely reclaimed, and with the
buildings of the Eockland Seminary, which he established, now
under the control of his son, Henry C. Hallowell, presents
a beautiful and attractive appearance. In 1859, he was elected
First President of the Maryland State Agricmltural College.
He was prominent in organiziug the Farmers' Club of Saudy
Si)rings, the first meeting of which was held at the residence of
Richard T. Bently. He was a frequent lecturer before various
associations on scientific and agricultural subjects. He was
^6:^fessor of Chemistry in the Medical Dejjartment of Columbia
College, Washington; a member of the American Philosophical
Society of Philadelphia, and one of the foremost in the Balti-
more Yearly Meeting, to adopt i)lans for the improvement of the
condition of the Indians on the Western borders. He died in
1877, in the 78th year of his age, regretted and beloved by all
that knew him.
Among the many improved estates in the County, is Green-
wood, the residence of Hon. Allen Bowie Davis. This
place was purchased in 1755, by Ephraim Davis, the grand-
father of the present owner, and by him transmitted to his son
Thomas Davis, who during President Washington's administra-
tion, raised a companj- and marched to Pennsylvania in 1794,
to suppress the " Whiskey Insurrection." He was elected to the
State Legislature while thus engaged, and frequently thereafter
filled the same ])osition, he was also elector of the Senate under
the old Constitution, and occupied numerous positions in the
County, from Magistrate, Surveyor and Conveyancer to Judge
of the County Court. He died in 1833, honored and regretted
by a large circle of friends.
Mr. Davis, the present proprietor of Greenwood, began a
long career of public duties and usefulness very early in life,
succeeding his father in the Board of Trustees of the Brookeville
Academy, at the age of twenty-foin-. In 1840, he was elected
a member of the l')0ard of Public Works of the State, in which
he exercised his infiuence in favor of the representation of the
minority, and the abolition of political agencies in the manage-
ment of public trusts. In 1850, he was elected to the State
Constitutional Convention, and was made one of the first trus-
tees of the State Agri(;ultural (College, and subse(piently Presi-
dent of the Board. At the same time, he was elected President
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 97
of the Montgomery Manufacturing Comi^any, of Triadelphia.
He was also President of the Montgomery County Agricultural
Association.
In 1849, he obtained the charter for the Brookeville and Wash-
ington Turnpike Company, was elected President, served six-
teen years, completed the road and retired from the Company.
In 1863, he was elected to the State Legislature, and in 1869 was
elected President of the Maryland State Agricultural Society.
In addition, he has taken an active interest in the works of
internal improvement, of social and agricultural advancement,
of national polity and other matters pertaining to the prosperity
of the people of the County and State.
One of the oldest settlers now living in the County is
Edward Stabler, who is eighty-five years of age. He has
been Postmaster of Sandy Springs for fifty years, and is the
oldest Postmaster in the United States. He was the originator
of the Mutual Fire Insurance Company, of Montgomery County,
which was organized in 1848 ; he was elected President, and
still holds the office, enjoying the entire confidence of the Com-
pany and community.
The Hon. Allen Bowie Davis, in a speech at a meeting of the
State Agricultural Society in 1876, said of this family, "That
the farm — a i^art of which Mr. Asa Stabler occupies, was pur-
chased about thirty years ago, by Caleb Stabler, father of Mr.
Stabler, Jr., — at $2.05 per acre, or $820 for 400 acres. It was
then without house or fencing. Mr. S. not having a plethoric
purse, built a comfortable two story log house, with other neces-
sary outhouses of the same material, and called it Drayton.
To Drayton he removed with his family, consisting of a wife,
one daughter and four sons. He inclosed a garden, and planted
a small orchard. His first crop of wheat was five bushels sown,
from which he reaped two and a half bushels, — the first reward
of his labor. Acting upon the maxim of an old Quaker i)ro-
genitor — "if thee is kind to the laud, it never will give thee an
ungrateful return," — he persevered, and did obtain a grateful
and bounteous reward.
"Accepting an invitation to spend a night at Drayton, some
years ago, I found the venerable patriarch and his no less ven-
erable wife alone, and by them I was received with all the
cordial but unostentatious and simple hospitality which it was
98 HISTORY OF MONTGOIMERY COUNTY.
possible for a host and hostess to lavish upon the most honored
and distiiiguislied guest. I soon learned from them that their
daujiiitin- was married, and all of the sons grown up and settled
out for themselves. After tea, a raj) at the door announced a
visitor, and one by one the four sous and the son-iu-law came
in to inquire after the health of iiither and mother, and to pay
their respects to their guest. I learned also, that the 400 acres
had been divided into six i^arts, and that each of the sons and
souin-law had built and was settled on his portion — the old
folks retaining the homestead — and that each Avas near enough,
after the labor of the day and after tea, to walk over to Dray-
ton, to inquire after the well-being of their parents. I thought
1 never saw a brighter or happier family, or witnessed a more
interesting or so instructive a scene.
"Within a few days past I have again i^assed through the
same original farm, now cut up and divided, as already stated.
The venerable sire and his consort still survive; each of the
sons and son-in-law are in genteel and comfortable houses, sur-
rounded with well kept gardens and orchards, flowers, shrubs
and ornamental trees and farm, — as Mr. Stabler can testify —
yielding from 26 to 32 bushels of wheat per acre, with corres-
ponding croi)s of corn, hay and straw, supplemented by all
varieties of fruit, from the early strawberry to October peach
and hard russet apple."
Mr. W. T. K. Saffell, was born September 18th, 1818, two
miles south of Barnesville, on a farm called Knott's Place,
where his father Lameck Saffell resided. He was baptised by
Bev. Mr. Green, and first heard the Gospel preached by Kev.
Basil Barry. His great uncle was Charles Saffell, a revolution-
ary soldier and pensioner, who lived on a farm five miles north
of Rockville, near Gaithersburg, and died in 1837, at the age of
ninety. At the beginning of the revolution, he lived with his
fathei', a French musician, in Prince (Jcorge's County. From
that County he marched to Annai)olis and Joined the Kegiment
of the Maryland Flying Camp, under the connnand of General
Rezin Beall, and sailing to the head of VAk River, he marched
north to New York in the comj)any commanded by John Haw-
kins Lowe. Charles was a diiimmer, lifer and bugler at the
battles of Ijong Ishmd, Fort Washington, P.randywine, Ger-
mantown and .Monmouth, in his latter days lie was an Aug-
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 99
tioneer, and in that capacity visited all parts of the County.
As a violinist, he amused himself in his feeble old age, and
often reproduced the melodies of the Revolution in a peculiar
style, now forever lost.
Francis Cassott Clopper was born in Baltimore, July
26th, 1786; began life in Philadelphia, and when only eighteen
years of age was sent by his employers to New Orleans, to col-
lect moneys due them there, and at intermediate points. The
trip was made on horseback, through a wild frontier country,
alone, or with such chance companions as he might meet upon
the road. His mission was successful, and he brought back the
money quilted in his vest; after which he made many more
trips like it.
On the 8th of July, 1811, he was married to Ann Jane Byrne,
of Philadelphia, and in the following year he i)urchased the
farm in Montgomery County, upon which he resided until his
death, — the family having removed there in the same year, —
making a continuous residence of fifty-seven years.
The original grants of the tracts of lands, comprised in the
purchase, date back to 1748, to the times of the Lords Proprie-
tary, and formed part of their Manor of Conococheague, or, as
one of them has it, of " Calvertou." The lauds are described as
lying upon " Sinicar" Creek, near the ford known as the " Indian
Ford;" and it is said that the old Indian road from Washington
to Frederick crossed Seneca a few yards above the present
County road crossing.
The land at one time belonged to the Benson family, but
about 1804 was sold to Zachariah McCubbin, from whom Mr.
Clopper purchased it. Other tracts were bought from other
parties at a later date. The original foundation of the mill is
not known. One was standing in 1812 upon the site of the
present saw-mill.
His public spirit was a prominent feature of Mr. Clopper's
character, — always interested in some project for the advance-
ment of the County.
The last twenty years of his life were expended, almost
entirely, in efforts to procure the construction of a railroad
through the County. At one time in the organization of the
original Metropolitan Railroad Company, and when that failed
in the business depression of 1857, he called the attention of
100 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
the President of the BaltiAiore and Ohio Eailroad to the advan-
tages of the route to his company, and procured a reconoissance
to be made, and a report, which Liter were followed up by the
construction of the road.
Mrs. Clopper died in 1865, after a married life of fifty-four
years, and Mr. Clopper in 18G8, — the desire of his life, to see
the Metroi)olitan Kailroad completed, unsatisfied.
William Wilson was born on the tract of land known as
"Wilson's Inheritance," near the division line between Montgo-
me^v and Frederick Counties, on the lett of the present road
from ilyattstown to Baruesville. The tract is now owned by
the Hershey family, John Sellman, and others. Jonathan Wil-
son, the grandfather of William, became the owner of this
tract over one hundred years ago, was a member of the State
Legislature when the County was first formed. He was a man
of powerful constitution and lived to be ninety-eight years old;
his death, at that age, resulting from accident.
He was a man of much intelligence, energy of character, and
influence. His only son, John, inherited the estate, and lived
in the house now occupied by Mr. C. R. Hershey. He also lived
to an advanced age, ninety-three.
John had four sons, and a daughter who married Dr. Ma-
gruder, and became the mother of the late J)r. William B.
Magruder, near Brookeville, and of other children — ten in all —
whose descendants are numerous and widely scattered.
The eldest, John, lived and died on the paternal acres, a
highly esteemed gentleman of the olden times, and a bachelor.
He died in 1849, aged eighty-nine.
The second son, Thomas P., settled in Pockville, was for
many years a prominent merchant there, and died at that place
about the year 183-!. His descendants arc noM living in Fred-
eri(;k City and County.
The fourth son, Charles, lived for many years in Medley's
District, first as a merchant at Poolesville, then on a farm which
he purchased, not far from the mouth of the Monocacy — the
farm is now owned by the White family — and finally removed
to the southern part of Kentucky, where he died. His «les{;end-
ants are to be found in Tennessee, Virginia, and Baltimore
County of this State.
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 101
The third, William, very early in life, engaged in merchau-
dising in Clarksburg, and continued the business uninterrupt-
edly at the same stand for about forty-five years — dying in 1859,
at the age of eighty-three. He married the eldest daughter of
John Clark, one of the oldest residents of the village, (which
was named after him,) and to his business, on his death, he
succeeded.
Mr. Leonidas Wilson, his son, is still living, and resides in
Clarksburg, and has accumulated a considerable fortune.
The Hon. Thomas Lansdale was born in this Countv in
1808. He was extensively engaged in mechanical operations
for a number of years, and invented the first wood planing
machine, and the metallic yoke for swing bells. In 1842, he
became interested in the Triadelphia Mills, remaining five years,
when he took charge of the Granite Factory at Ellicott's Mills,
where he remained ten years. He was the first to introduce
steam into a factory for heating purposes. In 1856, he returned
to Triadephia, and by his enterprise and energy succeeded in
making it a thriving village containing four hundred inhabi-
tants, with a large three story stone Cotton Factory, Saw,
Plaster, Bone and Grist Mills, Stone and Mechanical Shops.
He was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of
1864, and was elected to the Senate 1865. He died in 1878,
universally respected by the large circle of operatives, business
men and politicians, witli whom he was associated, while he
lived in the confidence and esteem of his friends and neighbors.
John Thomas, who sixty years ago lived about six miles
from Triadelphia, near Green's Bridge over the Patuxent, estab-
lished an interesting industry for the collection of pine sap from
the pine trees in the adjacent forests. This was done by
removing a small chip from the foot of the tree, near the root,
the opening thus made would receive the falling sap, which was
gathered in the morning, taken to Mr. Thomas, who paid ten
cents an ounce for it; the revenue derived from this source was
not sufiBcient to meet the expectations of the projector, and it
was abandoned; and the ancient Sap Tappers of the Patuxent
is a tradition of the past.
Dr. Richard Waters, of revolutionary fame, was bom
about 1760, and served as a Surgeon in the war for indepen-
dence, and was noted for his skill as a surgeon as well as a
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
practising- physician. After the close of the War, he purchased
a large estate called "Spring Ciarden," on the road leading from
Goshen to Gaithersburg, and the road from Mechanicsville to
Clarksburg. Dr. "Waters was born in Prince George's County,
where he married Miss Margaret Smith, by whom he had sev-
eral children. His son Kichard was a prominent man in the
County, and held the office of Sheriff, while his brother Som-
erset was a prominent Commission Merchant of Baltimore,
and served a long time as Tobacco Inspector.
John S. Belt, a Justice of the Peace, of Clarksburg, mar-
ried a granddaughter of Dr. Waters. Mr. Belt is a young and
efficient Magistrate, and takes a lively interest in the improve-
ment of the social, intellectual and agricultural advancement of
the County. He is Treasurer of the Clarksburg Literary Asso-
ciation, of which he is an active and efficient member. He is
also extensively engaged in tht; fertilizing business, and his farm
gives ample evidence of the benefits derived from skilful mdti-
vation. He has recently planted an extensive orchard, contain-
ing choice varieties of fruit.
Hon. Richard Waters, sou of Dr. Richard Waters, of
revolutionary ftime, was born l^eccmber 19th, 1794, on the old
homestead, "Spring Garden," and at an early age took an
active inteiest in the politics of the County. In his canvass for
the legislative assembly, he found a great many young men who
could neither read nor write, and, on investigation, he discov-
ered that the money appropriated by the State for paying the
tuition of those whose parents were unable to pay for the
schooling of their children, was often used by the board of
trustees, as they were called, in paying for children whose
parents were able to pay, but their ixjlitical iutluence was such
as to enable them to divert the moneys intended for the instruc-
tion of the poor, to the payment of the education of their own
children.
This led 3lr. Waters to make a spirited canvass of the County,
and he was elected to the Legislature by an overwhelming
majority. One of his first ettbrts in the h^gislative assend)ly
was for a change in the old system of school education, and he
suc<-eeded in having a bill i)assed for Tublic School Education
in the State of Maiyland, that resulted in the abolishment of
the old system and inaugurated a new era in the education of
HISTORY OF MONTGOIVEERY COUNTY. 103
the people. It was the initial movement, wbi(;h has, by im-
provement, resulted in the present School S^'stem.
He was re-elected for a second term, and tilled the position
with honor, both to himself and his constituents. He is still
living, and is about eighty-five years old. He has four sons and
one daughter living.
His son Lemuel is an eminent divine in the Missouri Confer-
ence of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South.
William is the Agent of the Adams Express Company, in
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Somerset is a Physician of large practice in Carroll County,
and has served in the Legislature several terms from that
County.
George still resides in the County, near the old ancestral
acres, and has occupied several public offices of trust in the
County.
Eebecca, the daughter, married Jesse T. Higgins, of this
County, formerly a promment merchant of Poolesville, and now
a merchant of Baltimore.
The following names of citizens and families of the County
are worthy of record, and of being handed down to posterity
and honorable recollection, William Darne, Dr. S. N. C. White,
William Pool, Abraham S. Hayes, William Bennett, Brook
Jones, Joseph I. Johnson, Nathan Hempston, Jacob Nicholls,
Horatio Trundle, Hezekiah Truudle, Richard Harding, William
Trail, Thos. C. Lannan, Eev. Thos. W. Green, Dr. Horatio
Wilson, Eev. Basil Barry, the Fletchers, Dawsons, Platers,
Whites, Waters, Darbys, Gittings, Gotts, Glaizes, Kings,
Purdums, Gaithers, Gues, Browns, Bensons, Brewers, Gassa-
ways, Pooles, Is^eills, Huttons, Eiggs, Owens, Gartrells, Perrys,
Bealls, Dorseys.
CHAPTER XV.
Boundaries of the County. Building Stone. Roofing Slate.
Gold. Chrome. Quantity of Land and its Value. Number of
Horses and other Cattle. Farm Productions for 1878. Intel-
lectual, Social and Agricultural Institutions. Population from
1790 to 1870. Society of Friends. Improvements at the close
of the Internecine War. Influence of the Metropolitan Bail-
road.
Montgo:mery County is boundod ou the south-west by Vir-
ginia, fioiii which it is separated by the Potomac River. The
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal runs aloni? the whole south-western
boundary, followin.2,- the banks of the Potomac River from
Cieorgetown to the mouth of the; Monocacy. On the north-west
by Frederick County, being divided from it by a line running
from the mouth of Monocacy to Parr's Spring, ou the Patuxent
River. On the north-east by Howard County, from which it is
separated by the Patuxent River. On the south-east by Prince
George's County, and south by the District of Columbia.
A red sandstone is found on the Potomac, near Seneca (^reek,
and is known as the "Seneca Stone," and has been extensively
used in the District of Columbia, — the Smithsonian Institution,
in Washington, and many other buildings, both public and pri-
vate, being built from these quarries.
A blue stone, of a bright color, and iu every respect equal to
granite, is now being quarried on the Potomac River. The new
Oeorgetown College has been built from this stone, which can
be cut and finished into any shape; and, as a building stone,
for durability and beauty, has Jio eipial in this section of the
country. It is also extensively used for foundation and paving
pur]»oses, giving universal satisfaction.
Hoofing slate is obtained in the vicinity of Hyattstown, and
is in extensive demand.
Gold is found in sufficient quantities, near the Great Falls of
the Potojnac, to attract the attention of capitalists, who are
HISTORY OF M0NTG03IERY COUNTY. 105
organizing for the successful operation of the mines, with a
favorable prospect of success. A manufacturing jeweler, and
his son, of Washington, make weekly excursions to the locality,
and in the small streams of water, pick up sufficient ore in a
few hours, in small lumps, ranging in size from a marble to that
of an egg, which, upon smelting, will yield from eight to ten
dollars worth of pure gold.
Chrome is also to be found in considerable quantities in dif-
ferent sections of the County.
Montgomery County contains two hundred and forty-two
thousand three hundred and fifty-six acres, as follows: Im-
proved — one hundred and sixty-two thousand' one hundred and
forty-three acres. Woodland — sixty-three thousand six hundred
and sixty-six acres. Other unimproved land — sixteen thousand
five hundred and forty-seven acres. Present cash value:
Farms — five millions four hundred and eighty thousand five
hundred and seventy-five dollars. Farming implements and
machinery — three hundred thousand dollars. Annual amount
of wages, including board — five hundred thousand dollars.
Total amount of all farm productions, including improvements
and additions to stock — two million dollars. Value of all live
stock — one million of dollars. Number of horses — five thous-
and three hundred and sixty-four. Mules — four hundred.
Milch cows — five thousand two hundred and twelve. Oxen —
six hundred. Other cattle — five thousand. Sheep — six thous-
and nine hundred. Swine — fourteen thousand. Production of
Wheat for the past year — three hundred and ten thousand
bushels. Eye — thirty thousand. Corn — six hundred and forty
thou^nd. Oats — one hundred and seventy-five thousand.
Buckwheat — one thousand. Tobacco — six hundred and fifty
thousand pounds. Wool — twenty thousand pounds. Pota-
toes — two hundred thousand bushels. Butter — two hundred
and ten thousand pounds. Hay — thirteen thousand tons.
Honey — three thousand four liundred and fifty pounds.
Among the Institutions which have rendered Montgomery
County conspicuous for intellectual culture, and social and agri-
cultural j)rogress, are the
Montgomery County Agricultural Society, organ-
ized in 1844. John C. Peter was the first President ; A. B. Davis,
8
106 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
second; Robert P. Duulap, third; Joseph H. Bradley, fourth;
Elisha J. Hall, fifth; and John H. Gassaway, the present.
The Mutual Fire Insurance Company of Montgomery
County was chartered in 1848, with fifty thousand dollars
worth of insurance. It has insured about nineteen million dol-
lars worth of property during the thirty years of its existence,
and has paid out for losses, by fire, over four hundred and fifty
thousand dollars. They now hold ])olicies of insurance on
nearly fourteen million dollars worth of property; its operation
extending to every County in the State. Robert R. Moore has
served the Company as Secretary and Treasurer, from the
beginning to the present time.
The RocKviLLE Mutual Building Association, the first
institution of the kind in the County, was chartered in March,
1873.
Circulating Libraries are at Brookeville, Sandy Springs,
Rockville, Poolesville and Daruestowii.
The Brookeville, Rockville and Darnestown Acad-
emies, are long established Institutions; also, the Rockland
SE]\nNARY, at Sandy Springs.
The Montgomery County Branch of the Prisoners' Aid Society.
The Farmers' Club, of Sandy Springs; the Enterprise Farm-
ers' Club; the Montgomery Farmers' Club; the Sandy Springs
Lyceum; the Horticultural Society; the Home Interest Society
and Young Folks' Sociable, — all of Sandy Springs.
The Sandy Springs Savings Bank was chartered in 1868,
and has over eighty thousand dollars on deposit, largely from
the laboring class. There are twenty-six Directors, who are
among the nu)st prominent and responsible citizens of the
(3ounty. The funds of the Institution have been so well man-
aged and invested, that the Bank, after pacing all expenses,
has annually paid to its depositors six per cent, on their
deposits, reserving a surplus to meet contingencies. Caleb
Stabler, l*resident, B. Rush Roberts, Treasurer, and Allen Far-
(luhar. Secretary.
Conspicuous in the work of intellectual, social and agricul-
tural organization nnd develojunent, are the (Irangers of the
County. They have thriving Lodges at Bethesda, Barnesville,
Brighton, Damascus, Darnestown, Gaithersburg, Great Falls,
Olney, Hyattstown and Liberty Grove.
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 107
The Clarksburg Literary Association, established in
1870, C. R. Murphy, President, William E. Windsor, Vice-
President, John S. Belt, Treasurer, T. H. S. Boyd, Correspond-
ing Secretary, and Thos. A. Burdette, Recording Secretary.
Montgomery County has witnessed three phases of civiliza-
tion since the early settlements.
First, were the old Tobacco Planters, with their baronial
estates and armies of slav^es. They felled the native forests,
and planted the virgin soil in tobacco and Indian corn. This
did very well so long as there was timber for the axe, and new
land for the hoe ; and these old lords of manors were happy;
they feasted, and frolicked and fox hunted, and made the most
of life; those days are known as "the good old times."
In less than a centurj^ after this system of denuding and
exhaustion began, there were no more forests to clear, and no
more new land to till. Then succeeded the period of old fields,
decaying worm fences, and mouldering homesteads. This sad
condition of the County had reached its climax about the year
1840, the population of the County having steadily diminished
from 1790, when it was eighteen thousand, down to fifteen
thousand, when it was at its minimum, in this year, as will be
seen by examining the census of the County.
Population of the County.
WHITE. COLORED. TOTAL.
1790 11,G79 6,324 18,003
1800 8,508 6,550 15,058
1810 9,731 8,249 17,980
1820 9,082 7,318 16,400
1830 12,103 7,713 19,816
1840 8,766 6,690 15,456
1850 9,435 6,425 15,860
1860 11,349 6,973 18,322
1870 13,128 7,434 20,563
From 1790, there was a constant stream of emigTation fi-om the
County, some going to the cotton fields of the South, but most
to the fertile new lands of the West, including Kentucky and
Missouri. " Few of the enterprising young men settled on their
fathers' farms.
308 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
The laud would uo louger yield au iucrease, and they made
no attempt at renovating- and imi)roving the soil, and Mont-
gomery lands became a synonym for poverty. The lands bor-
dering the Eockville and Georgetown Turnpike, the then only
paved road in the County, were with the exception of Eobert
Dick's, and one or two other farms, but a succession of unin-
closed old fields. This was not universally the fact. The red
lands of Medley's, and those around Brookeville, and in the
Friends' Settlement at Sandy Springs, and on the Hawlings'
Eiver, with au occasional farm in other sections, had retained
comparative fertility.
This emigration was not however in vain ; it added strength
and intelligence to the movement, which from the first settle-
ment of the County, has ever been in progress from the Atlantic
to the Pacific, and furnished representative men to other States.
The Lamars of the South, who now have a representative in
the United States Senate, and the grandfather of Thomas
Benton, of Missouri, were from this County.
The late Senators, Edwards, of Illinois, with Davis and
Proctor Knott, of Kentucky, besides a host of others who
have filled distinguished positions at the bar, on the bench, and
in every representative capacity throughout the Western States,
were natives of this County.
The Society of Friends, in tlie vicinity of Sandy Springs,
who formed their settlement in the course of the decade pre-
ceding and following the middle of the eighteenth century, and
who at every period of the history of the County- have done so
much to promote the material development and intellectual
advancement of the County, first abandoned this destrnctive
system of cultivation during the last quarter of the past century,
indu(;ed thereto, by the change then made in the character of
their labor.
The same society about 1845, introduced in this Couuty the
old Chincha Island, Peruvian Guano, the effect of which was
magical. As soon as the people became aware that by the
api)lication of this new fertilizer to their old worn out lands, they
could be made to produce remunerative cioi)s of cereals and
grasses; then they turned to their cultivation with the wonted
energy of the race. This industry was greatly promoted by
\hISTORY of MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 109
the Crimean war, which caused a material enhancement in the
prices of all kinds of farm products.
From this epoch the cereal growing period may be dated —
old buildings were renovated and repaired, while new buildings,
and handsome residences, replete with modern improvements,
took the place of the old tumble down, moss-covered, and
worm-eaten cot of the past. New post and rail fences, with
improved gates, replaced the old worm and picket fence, and
the fields teemed with bountiful harvests. The decade from
1850 to 1860, was one of universal prosperity to the people of
the County. Towns and villages sprung up, stores were estab-
lished at cross roads, while internal improvements were progTess-
ing in all parts of the County.
Then came the dark spectre of Internecine War between the
sections of the country, with its fair possessions filled with bit-
ter dissensions and sectional differences, with all their blighting
and devastating horrors. Again the young men sought the
tented field, and the business of farming was, in many locali-
ties, suspended. Houses and fences were destroyed, and farms
laid waste, by the marching and counter-marching of armies
and the general ravages of war. Slavery was abolished during
the war, and at its close the third era, or free labor period, was
entered upon by the people.
The young men returned to their homes, with muscles hard-
ened and energies quickened by their martial experience. They
accepted with cheerfulness the new order of things, and fully
alive to the kindly properties of their native soil, and acquainted
with the means of rendering it productive, went to work with a
will, and since that time every vestige of that unfortunate
struggle has been effaced; and now, with a larger and increas-
ing population, the people are making rapid strides towards an
advanced state of enlightenment and material prosperity. Fine
and imposing buildings are being erected, with beautiful lawns
and gardens attached. xVlagnificent and substantial churches
have taken the place of the old log meeting-houses, and are
more numerous and largely attended. School houses, of supe-
rior construction, have greatly multiplied, and the school sys-
tem more thorough and efficient than any which preceded it.
The roads have been increased and imi)roved, while handsome
and substantial bridges span the creeks and water-courses,
110 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
facilitating travel and transportation. The old fields have all
been reclaimed, and nnder improved fencing, are yielding hand-
some returns to their owners.
The oi)ening of the Metropolitan Railroad has exerted
a marked intiuence upon the material improvement and pros-
perity of the Connty. Over half a million of dollars annually
has been expended by the people in the purchase of lime, bone,
phosphates and other fertilizers of a like character, resulting in
the production of from eighteen to fifty bushels of wheat, and
from thirty to sixty bushels of corn to the acre, giving employ-
ment to over thirty Mills, located on the various branches and
streams in the Couutj , several of which are Merchant Mills.
Besides this, a large amount of grain is auually exported to
Georgetown and Baltimore.
Market gardening and fruit growing are becoming extensive
industries, and can nowhere else be more successfully prose-
cuted, the soil yielding abundantly, and of the best quality, all
the vegetables and fruits common to a temperate climate.
The cultivation of the grape for the manufacture of wine is
also growing into quite a business, and cannot fail to eventually
prove successful, as this County is the home of many varieties
of the wild grape, and the native soil of the Catawba. These
various industries combined with the energy and enterprise of
the people, must soon place the County in the foremost raidc of
Agricultural progress. The local advantages of this County
are numerous, especially is this so, as regards the numerous
rivers, streams and creeks that traverse every portion of the
County, afiording amjile tacilities for water-power, wliich,
in the future, will be sure to promote and accelerate the march
of improvement. The Great Falls on the Potomac is the
largest available water-])ower in the world, and with its
development and utilization for manufacturing i)urposes, can-
not fail to eventuate in the growth of a considerable manufac-
turing town at that jwint.
The commercial importance of Baltimore, connected as it is
with this County by the Baltimore and Ohio and Metroi)oIitan
Kailroads, nuist exert a strong iiiHucnce in tho future ])rogress
and iini»r()\'cments of the ( 'Ounty, Ix'ing the great market from
whence are drawn the sui)i)lies of Merchandise, Agricultural
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Ill
Implements, Fertilizers, etc., demanded for the use and benefit
of the County.
But above all, the influence of the National Capital which
over-shadows but to bless this favored section of the land,
must, in the near future, make this County all that its most
sanguine people could wish or hope. Already many per-
sons of distinction and wealth, whose business or inclination
attracts them to Washington, are seeking sites for country villas
or suburban residences.
PRESENT OFFICERS OF THE COUNTY
-^
Chief Judge Hon. Eichard J. Bowie.
^ , ( Hon. John W. Lynch,
Assoctate Judges \ ^^^ ^^. ^,^^^^ ^^^^^
(jjeyjc E. B. Prettyman.
r Edward W. Owen,
Judges of Orphans' Court i Dr. A. H. Sommers,
(.Samuel Darby.
Register of Wills Egbert W.» Carter.
' 1st District, David Griffith,
2nd " Joseph Henderson,
Commissioners <;' 3rd " W. W. Poole,
Uh " John Saunders,
oth " Thos. Hardesty.
(jlerh Jos. A. Taney.
Sherif John Ambrose Clements.
Surveyor William Grady.
r Samuel Jones,
Board of ISchool Commissioners < William T. Jones,
(. Walter M. Talbot.
Examiner and Treasurer Captain James Anderson.
State Senate Hon. George Peter.
r Hon. Montgomery Blair,
Legislature ] Hon. Howard Griffith,
(. Hon. William M. Canby.
State's Attorney Spencer C. Jones.
CHAPTER XVI.
Apiculture — Peach Culture.
Keepiiui and Propagation of Bees. Process of removing Honeys
without destroying Bees. Principal Bee Raisers in the County.
Peach Trees. Propagation of Trees. List of desirable varie-
ties.
The keeping- and propaf;ation of Bees in the County is
assuming considerable importance. It requires but small capi-
tal and a very limited amount of muscular labor, while attended
with little or no risk.
Bee keeping has become a science, and those who patiently
learn their ways, have no fear of being stung. Neither are
whole swarms of these industrious little creatures destroyed in
order to secure their treasures of sweetness. On the contrary,
they have really become pets of those who take a loving care
of them.
To such perfection has the art of raising honey been brought,
that, not a bee is sacrificed in taking away the honey, while the
comb is even saved.
By a new and very ingenious little machine, the fresh combs
when taken from the hives are deftly unsealed, and the honey
extracted from the comb on the princii)le of suction by air, and
the comb perfectly uninjured is returned to the hive to be filled
again in a few days by the same bees. This honey is the purest
known on the market, and is put up in sealed glasses, and
is every day becoming a more staple article of food.
The feeding and keeping of bees is very easily learned, and
is said by those engaged in it to be a most delightful employ-
ment. Two huiulred and fifty dollars will stock a yard of bees,
that with ])roper care will yield yearly one thousand dollars.
Malilon T. Jicwis, of Clarksburg, and Capt. F. P. IMeigs, of
Boyd's station, are extensively engaged in their propagation.
Capt. Meigs purchased a handsome site at " Boyd's," and
erected a magnificent residence, which was completed in 1879.
The design is very attractive, embracing both the French,
HISTORY OF MONTGO^MERY COUNTY. 113
English and Swiss styles of architecture, including- the Euglish
basement, surmounted by a Swiss cottage roof with dormer
windows; the building being heated by hot air, and illuminated
by electricity. The grounds are beautifully laid out in the style
of landscape gardening, containing all the varieties of fruits,
including a vineyard, apiary and aviary.
Owing to the destruction of Peach trees by insects on the
Peninsula, the Peach like the Tobacco Plant, must continu-
ally seek new land, since soil that has been planted in Peach
trees, cannot be successfully replanted until it has been allowed
a rest of many years. This will eventuate in the transfer from
the Eastern Shore of the Peach culture, to the uplands of
Montgomery, Frederick and Washington Counties.
The following extract from an article written expressly for
the "Baltimore Sun," by Col. T. H. S. Boyd, describing the cul-
ture of the Peach and the propagating the scions, by the system
of hybridizing, and a description of the popular varieties now in
use, will be of interest.
"In the culture of the Peach the most approved method of
propagating the 'scions' or young trees for the peach orchard
is to procure the seed of the natural peach, as treses reared fiom
it are better able to withstand the rigors of a hard winter, and
and are much less liable to those diseases which, despite the
best efforts of the grower, are always incidental to the system
of ' hybridizing.' The seed are bedded in the early autumn,
about six or eight inches below the surface of the ground, in a
position exposed to the sun, so that by alternate freezing and
thawing the hard resinous substance that holds the walls of the
pit together, becomes softened and the kernel is easily ex-
tracted.— About the first of April, these kernels are planted in
the nursery, about six inches apart, in rows four feet wide.
"As soon as the scions shoot about six inches above the
ground, they are cultivated with hoe and harrow, after the same
fashion as corn. In June, the largest and most thrifty scions
are budded for transplanting from the nursery to tlie orchard
in the fall. The others are budded in Sei)tember for trans-
planting in the spring. They are usually budded on the north
side of the tree, in order to prevent the bud being killed by the
heat of the sun. The bud is inserted into the scion by crucially
incising the bark of the stock a few inches above the ground,
114 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
turuing back tlie corners of tlie bark, and setting into the
aperture thus formed between the sap and tlie bark a bud
selected from a healthy tree, of that variety of peach which it
is desired to propagate.
"This bud is secured in its place by turuing back the bark
and binding the incised parts with a tie of the inner bark of the
basswood or a piece of common candlewick. In a week or ten
days the nurseryman is able to determine what buds have
become set or -taken' and are incorporated with the stock.
The binding is then removed and the scion thoroughly trimmed
below where the bud has been set.
"The scion is again trimmed in the spring, both above and
below the bud, and about the lirst of June, the top is cut oft" at
an angle of 45 degrees about an inch above the bud, which has
now become the largest branch of the scion. During the sum-
mer it is kept cultivated and trimmed, and is ready for trans-
planting to the orchard, the bud having united with the scion
and the i)lace where the scion was cut off no longer being
noticeable.
"The orchard is now plowed, harrowed and fertilized, and
crossed out for the young trees, which are usually placed six-
teen feet apart in the rows, running east and west, and twenty-
four feet apart in the rows running north and south.
"After the trees are planted they are well cultivated by plow-
ing and harrowing, the furrows being thrown towards the roots
of the trees, the operation being repeated every fortnight from
April to August. The trees are carefully trimmed, and kept
clear of broken twigs and branches, and as they advance
in age are 'headed in' as it is termed, by lop])ing the large
branches when new shoots form.
"The trees bear in the fourth year. A first-rate orchard, well
cultivated, will yield a [)rofit of about $100 an acre, if the fruit
is handled judiciously.
"Out of the hundred or so varieties cultivated in the United
States some nineteen or twenty are favored here. They are
given below in the order of their ripening for market:
"1. The Beatrice, an ordinary and poorly flavored peach, only
valued for its early maturity, starts the market about the mid-
dle of July.
"2. Hale's Early, a once quite i)opular peach, ripens about
July 25th.
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 115
"3. Hollis' Early, a small peach, rii)ening" about August 1st,
and valued for its capacity for transportation.
"4. Walters' Early, or Mountain Eose, earliest of all varieties
of red peach, beautiful in color and delicious in flavor, matures
about August 5th.
"5. Early York, suj^erseded almost entu^ely by former, ripens
about August 7th.
"6. Crawford's Early, color a rich yellow with deep blush,
regarded by many as the finest of all peaches, matures about
August 10th.
"7. Mary's Choice, August 15th.
'<8, 9, 10 and 11. The Druid Hill, Harkins' Seedling, Old
Mixon Free, and Stump the World, all ripen about the same
time, August 17th or 18th. The Mixon was once regarded as
the finest of all freestone peaches, and a standard of peach
values.
" 12. Crawford's Late, a rich yellow, the best of all canning
peaches, except the late Heath Cling; matures about August
20th.
"13. Jaques, is a yellow, very large and delicious peach,
rii)ening about the same time, as do also,
" 14 and 15. The Monmouth Melacaton and Susquehanna or
Grifiith, both large, rich, yellow fruit.
"16. The Magnum Bonuni follows.
"17. The Late Heath Clingstone, the most deliciously flavored
of all the varieties, matures about September 12th. They are
very abundant, aud are all consumed for canning and preserving.
" 18. Bear's Smock, is about the latest peach as yet success-
fully cultivated in this region; but there is,
" 19. Solway's Late, which promises to do well.
"When this last variety is harvested the peach season is
ended, but the fruit growers are endeavoring to obtain other
varieties to extend the season still further. There are several
new varieties which give promise of success in this direction,
notably Fisher's Favorite, Cameron's Late Yellow, and Levy's
Yellow Cling, all remarkably fine fruit, and, should they thrive,
the peach season will no doubt be protracted till tlie middle or
last of October, about a month longer than heretofore. So if
the Andrews' and Alexander Early are also successful, the
season will be very notably extended."
CHAPTER XVII.
The WASHrNGTON Grove Camp Ground,
Incorporators. Objects. Location. Present and Past Officers.
Cottages. Tents. Oumers.
The Washington Grove Camp Meeting Association
of the District of Columbia and Maryland, was chartered March
30th, 1874, by the State Legislature, with F. Howard, Wm. R.
Woodward, J. T. Mitchell, B. H. Stiuemetz, Th. Somerville, J.
W. Wade, M. G. Emery, Alex. Ashley, R. H. Willett, W. M.
Talbot, J. G. Wartield, E. F. Simpson, J. A. Ruff, Th. H.
Langley, W. R. Hunt, Th. P. Morgan, Hy. T. Whalen, G. Th.
Woodward, J. R. Riggles, W. H. Griffith, John Lanahau, G.
G. Baker, B. Peyton Brown, T. H. Davis and J. Hy. Wilson, as
incorporators.
It is a stock association, with the capital stock fixed at
$20,000, divided into 1000 shares at $20 per share. One share
entitles the owner to the privilege of a tent site, and five shares
to a cottage site.
The land is held by a Board of Trustees, and its business is
managed by an Executive Committee, who are elected annually.
Its general pur[)oses are for holding Camp Meetings and
building up summer homes for a select community.
Two surveys have been made, one for the tenting and the
other for the cottage department; in the latter, the lots are
50 X 150 feet.
The tract consists of 268 acres, well wooded in white oak and
chestnut timber, supplied with an abundance of the tinest water
in springs and wells, and some of it possessed of decided medici-
nal i)roperties. It is considered as healthy a location as any in
the State.
It is located on what is known as I'arr's llidge, a high point,
over GOO feet above tide level, and on the line of the Metro-
HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 117
politan Railroad, 20 J miles from Washington, and in a north-east
direction from Gaithersburg. The raih'oad passes through the
edge of the tract, and a broad and shaded avenue leads direct
from the railroad station to the camping grounds.
The first camp was held August 13th, 1873, and six camps
have been held since to August, 1879. All the meetings were
largely attended and satisfactory in results, more than four hun-
dred and sixty-four persons having been converted at the
different meetings.
The officers have been —
Dr. Flodoardo Howard President.
W. R. Woodward Vice-President.
E. F, Simpson Secretary.
J. A. Ruff Treasurer.
The present officers are —
Thos. p. Morgan President.
W. R. Woodward Vice-President.
E. F. Simpson Secretary.
B. H. Stinemetz Treasurer.
Rev. B. Peyton Brown, the present Presiding Elder of the
Washington District, has been and is one of the leading
spirits in this enterprise.
The Camping Grounds are laid out in an irregular seven
sided " Circle," a i)laza, from which as many avenues radiate,
and all of these look direct into the plaza — which is 216 feet
wide from iSTorth to South, and 179 feet from West to East.
In the centre is a Tabernacle 48x70 feet, and the Camp is pro-
vided with a dining court and other necessary structures.
Attention having been attracted to the Cottage Tent, as a
desirable form for camp purposes, a number have been built,
mostly on the plaza — and are named in the order of their loca-
tion . Rev. W. Burris, Thos. P. Morgan, E. F. Simpson, Alfred
Wood, J. W. St. Clair, Henry C. Craig, Jr., L. W. Worthiug-
ton, J. W. Wade, Thos. Somerville, Geo. E. Hall, John Ireland,
(of Annapolis,) H. W. Frankland, W. R. Woodward, R. Cohen,
Jr. and R. H. WOlett; on Second Avenue, Mrs. Kilgore, of the
1L8 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
County; on Sixth Avenue, a Preachers' Lodge, and on Second
Avenue extended a Keeper's liouse.
Messrs. Willett »& Morgan were the inoneers in cottage build-
ing.
On First Avenue, Mr. Wash. B. Williams has a commodious
furniture store and lodging house.
Other improvements are contemplated that will make Wash-
ington Grove a most desirable and attractive spot.
The organization is under the control of the Methodist
Episcopal Church, but persons of all denominations unite with
them, and are heartil}^ welcome.
DIRECTORY
OF THE
TOWNS, VILLAGES AND RESIDENTS
OF
MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MD.
BAK]VES\II.I.E,
One mile from the Station by that name on the Metropolitan Branch,
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 73 miles from Baltimore, and 33 miles
from Washington. Soil — jDoor, but susceptible of great improvement.
Products, per acre — 15 bushels Wheat, 20 bushels Corn, 1500 It)S. To-
bacco, one ton Hay. Four Churches — Methodist, Roman Catholic, Bap-
tist, and Protestant Episcoj^al. Population, 175.
Postmaster.
Pyles, R. T.
Blacksmiths and Wheelwrights.
Miles, C. W.
Miles, N, E.
Ca/rpenters and Undertakers.
Hilton, W. T.
Orme, A. S.
Merchants.
Darby, S., & Sons.
Harris, E. G.
Hays, R. P.
Pyles, R. T.
Hotels.
Carr, W. H.
Talbot, N. J.
Millers.
Darby, John W.
Darby, R. R.
Physicians.
Bowlen, G. W.
Wood, R. Vinton.
Shoemaker.
Nichols, Charles 8.
Farmers.
Bowman, Frederick
Cooley, J. F.
Coolev, Z. G.
Darby, J. W.
Harris, A. S.
Harris, S. F.
Hays, F. P.
Hays, L. J.
Hays, S. S.
Hershey, C. R.
Hodges, William
Lawman, Charles
Lawman, James
Linthicum, F.
Lynch, John H.
Pearre, Jamez
Poole, A.
Reid, W. N.
Sellman, L. L.
Sellnian, J. P.
Sellman, Wra. O.
Wade, W. W.
Ward, Thomas H.
White, R. G.
White, W. B.
120
DIRECTORY OF MONTG^OMERV COUNTY.
B K A L. I. S V 1 1^ I. E ,
Three miles from Barnesville, on the Metropolitan Railroad, and three
miles from Poolesville. Land under clean cultivation. Soil sandy, and
producing good crops of Wlieat, Corn, and Hay. Churches and Schools.
Store, Post Office, Wheelwright and Blacksmith Shop. Population, 50.
Farmers.
Beall, L.
Brewer, W. G.
Bolinger, W.
Griffith, H.
Griffith, Frank
Griffith, P.
Hemstone, A. T.
Trail, Richard
Veirs, J. M.
Webster, George
Whiting,
B E T H E S » A ,
On the Frederick and Georgetown Pike, five miles from Georgetown,
D. C, and three miles from Knowdes' Station on the Metropolitan Rail-
road. Soil fertile, selling from thirty dollars to one hundred and twenty-
five dollars per acre. Products— Wheat, 25 to 50 bushels. Corn, 45
bushels. Hay, two and one-half tons per acre. Presbyterian Church and
Public School. Population, 25.
Postmaster.
Lester, R. C.
Attorney at Lain.
Bradley, Joseph
Blacksmiths.
Kirliy, Wm.
Loelite, Wm.
Carpenter.
Beckwith, Benedict
Caii'iage Maker.
Austin, James
Merc/iandise.
Lester, R. C.
Physician.
Davidson, James H.
Farmers.
Anderson, J. Hopkins
Bean, A. H. and B. F.
Bean, R. H. and Jas. M.
Bolirer, J. T. and Jolin G.
Bradley, Joscpli
Carroll", H. G.
Counselman, Wm.
Davidson, James H.
Daviilson, Jolin
Dodge, J. IL
Dunlap, George
Gingel, James M.
Gingel, Joseph
Gleghorn, John
Hudleston, Geo. and Wm.
Jones, L. C.
Keizer, Cyrus
Keizer, Eli
Kisner, C.
Kisner, Henry
Lawrence, David
Lester, R. C.
Offutt, H. L.
Owens, Z.
Powell, James
Pyles, Henry
Renshaw, Henry
iienshaw, Thomas
Renshaw, William
Spates, Frank
Spates, George
Spates, Robert
Tolbert, Theophilus
Waliis, Edwin
Watkins, E. P.
Watkins, Sj^encer
Williams, John C.
Williams, Lewis
Wiilsnn, John N.
Willson, Michael
DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
121
BO YD'S
On the Metropolitan Branch, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, seventy
miles from Baltimore, and thirty miles from Washington, is one of the
handsomest points on the Metropolitan Railroad, and is being rapidly
improved. This is in a great measure due to Captain James A. Boyd
and Messrs. Williams and Lewis. Captain Boyd has expended over one
hundred thousand dollars in improvements in the past few years. Loca-
tion very healthy, being five hundred feet above the level of the sea.
Business, crops, and land good, with a clay soil, ranging in piice from --
ten dollars to one hundred dollars per acre. Produces 15 to 35 bashels
Wheat, 45 bushels Oats, 100 bushels Potatoes, 60 bushels Corn, and 1000
pounds of Tobacco to the acre. Liberal inducements and well improved
lands; excellent water-power, suitable for extensive manufacturing pur-
poses. Presbyterian Church, Rev. James S. Henderson, Pastor. White
and Colored Public Schools. Population, 100.
Postmaster.
Williams, .Tames E.
Blachsndth.
Howard, James
Merchants.
Williams & Lewis.
Millers.
Darby, John W. & Son.
Davis, R. P.
Waters, Dr. W.
Dairies.
Boyd, James A.
Burdette, Basil
Burdette, R. H.
Fanners.
Beall, J. H.
Boyd, James A.
Brewer, D. N.
Burdette, Basil
Burdette, R. H.
Burdette, Wm. M.
Carlin, John
Carlin, John T.
Dade, Alex.
Dade, Robert
Gott, Benj. C.
Grant, Robert N.
Knott, Frances
Knott, John W.
McAtee, James W.
McAtee, John S.
Thompson, Baker
White, Joseph C.
White, R. T.
Williams & Lewis.
Pomohrjist.
Meigs, F. P.
BRIGIIT0 3t'
Four miles East of Brookeville, near the Patuxent River, contains
several Stores and Post Office, and is noted for the superior quality of
Sw€et Corn and Fruits. Land under fine tillage and very productive ;
rated at twenty to sixty dollars per acre. Population, 150.
Merchants.
Pierce, E. & Co.
Fruit PncTcer.
Stabler, Henry
Insurance Agent.
Hartshorne, Isaac
9
122
DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
B R O O K K Y I L. li £
Is forty-two miles from Baltimore, eighteen miles from Washington, and
ten miles from Rockville ; pleasantly located in one of the richest sec-
tions of the County, and is quite a fashionable resort in the summer for
health and jjleasure seekers, — the restorative qualities of a strong Chaly-
beate Sjjring in the vicinity attracting many persons anxious to try its
efficacy. The lands are highly improved and under thorough cultiva-
tion. Soil, red clay ; selling from fifteen to one hundred dollars per acre.
The productions are large and increasing ; business good. Churches —
Methodist Protestant, Methodist Episcopal, and the Protestant Episco-
pal Chapel. One Academy, Prof Samuel H. Coleman, Principal. One
Public School. Population, 250.
Postmaster.
Gattrell, R. W.
Blacksmiths.
Conner, James
Jones, Wm. H.
Kirby, Thomas
Carpenter.
Appleby, A. O.
Carriages and Wagons.
Baker, John M.
Boswell, R. K.
Miller, Wm. B.
Merchants.
Gattrell, R. W.
Mobley, Wm. B.
Parsley, John H.
IlarnesH.
Bell, John W. .
Millers.
Down, Wm. H.
Weir & Bro.
Physicians.
Martin, James S.
Riggs, Artemus
Sfwemakers.
Parsley, George W.
Whiteside, John
Seamstress.
Parsley, Margaret
Watchtnaker.
Howard, Henry N.
Farmers.
Clark, John O.
Davis, Hon. A. Bowie
Ellicott, Samuel
Gaither, Daniel H.
Gaither, Ephraim
Gaither, John W.
Gaither, Thos. D.
Gardiner, John W.
Gattrell, Aaron
Griffith, John
Hall, E. J.
HaUowell, James S.
Higgins, C. A. C.
Holland, James T.
Holland, Thos. J.
Howard, Mrs. Annie N.
Howard, Brice W.
Hutton, Joseph W.
Hutton, Rev. Orlando
Jones, G.
Magruder, Bowie
Owen, Hon. E. W.
Riggs, Thos. D.
Riggs, Wm. C.
Stabler, James
Strain, Cai)t. J. W.
Veitch, Fletcher R.
Waters, Thos. D.
Waters, Z. D.
DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
123
BrRTOXSVII.I.E,
Five and one half miles from Laurel. Soil, arable, and principally
cleared ; land sells from fifteen to sixty dollars per acre. 20 to 30 bushels
Wheat, 25 to 50 Corn, and Hay, two tons per acre. Liberty Grove Church,
Pastor, Rev. J. Cook. Population, 50.
Postmaster.
Burton, R. A.
Blacksmiths and W heelwrights.
Beall, .Joseph
Burton, R. A.
Robey, Berry
Carpenters.
Beall, Joseph
Homer, M. J.
Mineburg, .John
Vincent, Plummer
Merchant.
Small, Bruce
Miller.
Bone, Allen
Physician.
Waters, Charles
Farmers.
Beall, John
Beall, Josiah
Beall. Nathan F.
Beall, Thos.
Bone, Allen
Burton, George D.
Burton, George H.
Burton, Isaac
Carr, A. B.
Carr. B. D.
Carr, Caleb
Crosedale, Howard
Crosedale, John
Crusen, Henry S.
Harding, Samuel H.
Hopkins, James H.
Iglehart, .James L.
Iglehart Nathan
Marshall, James
Miller, John
Rich, Charles
Rich, William
Soper, James P.
Soper, .Joseph
Thomas, Samuel
Ward, Orem
Waters, Charles
Waters, J.
Waters, T., Sr.
Waters, T., of S.
Waters, T. J.
CABIIV JOHN
Is at the crossing of the Aqueduct over Cabin John Creek. This crosses
on a single arch, the longest span in the world. A fashionable resort for
pleasure parties from Washington ; the fishing for Bass in the Potomac
being excellent. Hotel, Store and Post Office.
CEDAR GROVE,
Five miles from Germantown. Land variable. Soil — clay, flint and
rock ; worth from ten to thirty dollars per acre. Wheat, 25 to 30 bushels ;
Corn, 30 to 40; Tobacco, 1500 pounds, and Hay, one ton per acre. Two
Churches— Methodist Episcopal and Baptist. White and Colored
Schools in vicinity. Population, 125.
124
DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY,
Postmaster.
Watkius, O. T.
Blacksmiths.
Majors, John T.
Miles, George
Carpenter.
Waters, F. M.
Merchandise.
Watkins, O. T.
Farmers.
Appleby. Curtis
Barber, G. E.
Barber, H.
Beall, G. N.
Bowman, Asbury
Burns, Sylvester
Miles, Herbert
Page, Horace
Page, Wai5hington
Page, Z. W.
Poole, W. H.
Pugli, Samuel
Purdum, J. R.
Riggs, James
Riggs, W. E.
Sibley, Joseph
Thompson, Wm.
Watkins, B. F.
Watkins, E. K.
Watkins, James W.
Watkins, L. L.
Watkins, Noah
Williams, J. F.
Williams, Somerset
Williams, Wm.
Young, Richard
CL.ARK!iiBlJRO.
This picturesque village is located on the Washington and Frederick
Turnpike, fifteen miles from Frederick, thirty miles from Washington,
and four and one-half miles from Boyd's Station. The land in and
around Clarksburg was originally granted to Henry Griffith in 1701, and
known as the " Cow Pasture." The first house built in the village was
by John G. Clark, whose daughter married William Wilson, the father of
Leonidas Wilson, the jDresent owner, who, for a long time, successfully
conducted the business of merchandising. It is now occupied by Lewis
& Williams. In the garden of Mr. SchoU, at the east end of the village,
was first discovered the celebrated Catawba Grape, which has since
gained such a world renowned reijutation. It is now owned by the Hon.
George W. Hilton, and is annually visited by numbers of Pomologists
and curiosity seekers. Great improvement has been made in the land
during the ])ast few years by the aid of lime and fertilizers, and can be
purchased from ten to sixty dollars per acre. Produces 20 to 30 bushels
of AVheat, 80 to 50 of Corn, 35 of Oats, 100 of Potatoes, 1200 to 1500
pounds of Tobacco, and two tons of Hay per acre. Two Churches, both
Metliodist Episcopal. White and Colored Public Schools. Odd Fel-
lows* Hall. Literary Association. King's Distillery. Population, 250.
Postmaster.
Buxton, Wm. H.
Blachsiniths and Wheelwrights.
Anderson, C. T.
Dronenberg, Wm. W.
Leaman, R. A.
Shaw, L. D.
Justice of the Peace.
Belt, John S.
Carpenters.
Leaman, John S.
Woodward, C. O.
HoUl.
Baker, John
Merchants.
Gibson, John H.
Lewis & Williams.
DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
125
Physicians.
Galloway, T. K.
Thompson, R. H.
Waters, Wm. A.
Tax Collector.
Neal, James B.
STwemaTcei'.
Hurley, John W.
Publishers.
Boyd, T. H. 8. & Co.
MilU.
King, Luther G.
Distillery.
King, L. G.
Tobacco Inspectoi'.
Hilton, Robert S.
Tail<yr.
Housen, Lewis
Farmers.
Beall, Caleb
Belt, John S.
Boyd, Elizabeth
Burns, J. W.
Darby, Edward N.
Darby, Nathan
Day, James W.
Dronenberg, "Wm. J.
Hilton, Hon. George W.
Hoyle, Jos. H. C.
Johnson, James T.
Israel, George W.
Kemp, James S.
King, Charles M.
King, Edward J.
King, Rufus
Layton, O. S.
Lewis, Edward
Lewis, John A.
Linthicum, Gassaway W.
Miles, James H.
Murphey, C. R.
Neal, James B.
Purdum, Charles T.
Purdum, James H.
Rose, A.
Rose, S. L.
Summers, C.
Summers, Z.
Thompson, Samuel C.
Waters, A. J.
Waters, Edward H.
Waters, Dr. Wm. A.
Watkins, William, of A.
Williams, Wm.
Williams, Wm. L.
Windsor, Wm. R.
C O I. E S V 1 1. 1. E ,
On the Ashton and Colesville Turnpike, eight miles from Silver Springs,
and sixteen miles from Washington. Land under fair cultivation, and
yielding good crops of Wheat, Corn, Oats, Potatoes, and Hay. Land
worth from twenty-five to seventy-five dollars per acre. Churches,
Schools, Mills, Stores, and Post Office.
Magistrate.
Baker, John T.
MiUer.
Zeigler, James H.
Butcher.
Hopkins, Samuel J.
Farmers.
Baker, John T.
Bonifant, George
Bradley, W. P.
Can by, Wm. M.
Fawcett, E. H.
Fawcett, Benjamin
Hopkins, Samuel J.
Pilling, Frank A.
Valdenar, William
Walters, E. L.
126
DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
I> AM ASCIIS,
Seven miles from Mount Airy, on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.
General products— Wheat, Corn, Tobacco, and Hay. Land undulating,
selling from eight to twenty-five dollars per acre. Montgomery Chapel,
(Methodist Protestant,) and Howard Chapel, (Methodist Episcopal.)
Schools near. Population, 100.
Postmaster.
Smith, P. M., Jr.
Bla^ksinith.
Smith, James W.
Carpenters and Undertakers.
Edwards, Henry C.
Mount, John R.
Carriages and Wagons. '
Jacobs, Jonathan
Ward, N. H.
Merchants.
Clagett, J. H.
Engle, R.
Etchison, Marcellus
Hurley, R. A.
Smith, P. M., Jr.
Young & King.
Harness.
Burns, R. R.
Physician.
Lansdale, B. F.
Slioemaher.
Holland, S. B.
Farmers.
Bowman, Rezin H.
Burdette, James W.
Burdette, N. J.
Burns, Jesse L.
Day, Rev. Jackson
Duvall, M.
Duvall R.
Glaze, Bazil T.
Gue, L. C.
Hilton, Thomas I.
Hilton, Walter
King, C. M.
Mullinix, George W.
Purdum, C. F.
Scheckles, J. T.
Wartield, John
Warfield, John E.
Warthen, N. B.
Watkins, Grafton
Watkins, P. G.
I> A U Bf E S T O W X ,
Five miles from Germantown Station, Metroi)olitan Railroad. Land
productive, and plenty for sale at from fifteen to eighty dollars per acre.
Produces abundant crops of Wheat, Corn, Oats, Potatoes, Tobacco, and
Hay. Presbyterian Church, Academy, and Public School. Popula-
tion, 200.
Postmaster.
Windsor, J. S.
Merchants.
Grifiith, Julian
Windsor, James S.
Millei-s.
Darby, Upton
Offutt, U. D.
Farmers.
Beall, Randolph
Bentim, James N.
Broon, Duthorn
Cross, J.
Dawson, Nicholas
Iligdon, John
Higgins, Samuel
Jones, Nathan
DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
127
Lewis, Thomas
Magruder, Thomas
Purdum, James W.
Rice, William
Small, John
Thompson, Martin
Vincent, Barley
Vincent, Charles
D A W S O W V 1 1> I. E ,
Four and a half miles from Boyd's Station. Sandy soil, and land prin>
cipally cleared and valued at from thirty to eighty dollars per acre.
Produces large crops of Wheat, Corn, Oats, Potatoes, and Tobacco. A
Baptist Church and Public School. Population, 75.
Postmaster.
Allnutt, H. C.
Blachsmith.
Stang, F. C.
Merchandise.
Allnutt, H. C.
Physician.
White, N. S.
Shoemaker.
Crown, Wm.
Farmers.
Allnutt, Benjamin
Allnutt, Berroni
Allnutt, James N.
Allnutt, Nathan W.
Byrd, John
Darby, Thomas
Dawson, Americus
Dawson, Fred. A.
Dawson, James M.
Dawson, Randolph
Dyson, Benjamin
Dyson, Joseph
Dyson, Samuel
Jones, Thomas
Pyles, B. Frank
Pyles, Edward
Rawlings, Joshua
Rawlings, Thomas
Vincent, Napoleon
DICKERSOX,
Thirty-six miles on the Metropolitan Branch, Baltimore and Ohio Rail-
road. Land well cleared and clay soil; valued at from thirty to fifty
dollars per acre. Under good cultivation, and yielding 35 bushels of
Wheat, 40 of Corn, 1000 pounds of Tobacco, and two tons of Hay to the
acre. Churches and Schools in the immediate vicinity. Population, 100.
Postmaster.
Dickerson, W. H.
Dairies.
Bowie, Rufus A.
Holland, J. W.
Merchants.
Dickerson, W. H.
Leapley, J. N.
Physician.
Hilton, L. J. W.
Millers.
Rozzell, James
Webster, George
Willing, Ambrose.
Farmers.
Andrews, Jelferson
Appleby, N. H.
Belt, McGill
Belt, Richard
Brail, Wm.
Brail, Rufus
128
DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
Carslisle, James
Carson, David
Cheswell, E.
Dickerson, N. C.
Diggms, Daniel
Gott, J. S.
Harris, Abraham
Harris, Solomon T,
Hays, G. R.
Heffener, John
Hempstone, A. T.
Hempstone, S. H.
Jones, J. A.
Jones, J. L. T.
Jones, J. T.
Jones, Leo
Lnhn, Chris. _^
Moxley, ThomarS
Moxley, Wm. J
Oden, George W.
Price, John T.
Price, Wm.
Ramhouse, Sydney
Riely, Otho
SchoU, Henry
Sellman, F. O.
SeUman, Howard
Silence, John
Titus, Burr
Trundle, Horatio
Trundle, James O.
White, Frank
White, R. G.
White, L. A.
Whitehouse, M. O.
Yarkund, Plildi
Zerknitz, Hans
EDWARDS' FERRY,
On the Potomac River, between Sycamore Landing and Ball's Bluffs,
contains Store, Warehouse and Post Office.
PoHtmaster.
Spates, George W.
Farmers.
Collier, Thomas R.
Elgin, James
Jarboe, E. E.
Poole, N. D.
Spates, George W.
White, E. V.
FAIRIiAND,
Three miles East of Colesville, on the Columbia Road. St. Mark's Me-
morial Episcopal Church, School House and Store. Population, 50.
Postmanter.
Soaper, Burton T.
Farmers.
Barrett, Benjamin
Beckwith, B.
Beckwith, E.
Brian, John M.
Culver, J. H.
Conley, Thomas T.
Mankin, J. D.
Marlow, Benj. H.
Marlow, Julius
Mitcliell, Daniel
Pilling, Alice
Roby, Edgar
Soaper, Joseph
DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY,
129
FOVR CORXERS.
Two miles from Silver Springs. Land productive and worth from twenty
to fifty dollars per acre. Wheat, Corn, and Hay are the staple produc-
tions. Methodist Episcopal Church (South), and Public School. Popu-
lation, 125.
Postmaster.
Grimes, Robert
Blacksmith.
Taylor, B.
Carpenters.
Berry, John
Chrismond, Robert
Reynolds, Gassaway
MerehaTidise.
Manakee, Wm. E.
Millers.
Bond, James H.
Bond, James L.
Slwemakers.
Grimes, Robert
Lancaster, John W.
Farmers.
Adams, C.
Barnes, Henry A.
Barnes, William
Bayley, Stephen
Beall, George N.
Boarman, Robert
Bowie. Henry
Cadle, William
Chrismond, Robert
Clark, Bailey
Clark, E.
Clark, Henry
Clark, James
Clark, Levin
Clark, Oliver
Clark, O. H. P.
Clark, William
Fee, William
Fee, William, Jr.
Gittings,^ William, Sr.
Grimes, William M.
Hardesty. Thomas G.
Hopkins, Joseph
Jackson, Jasper M.
Joy, Columbus
Lindsay, Opie H.
Mackmahon, Michael
Moran, Andrew
Ogdon, Leonard
Ogdon, Wm. J.
Olin, Hon. A. B.
Owiugs, James
Parker, James
Patten, L. P.
Reed, William
Shaw, Charles H.
Vermillion, John H.
GAITHERSBIIRG,
Twenty-one miles from Washington, on the Metropolitan Branch, Balti-
more and Ohio Railroad. This place w^as incorporated by the last Leg-
islature and is rapidly improving. The land principally is in a tine state
of cultivation, and is'valued in price from fifteen to one hundred dollars
per acre, and produces 40 to 50 bushels of Wheat, 00 of Corn, two tons
of Hay, and 1500 pounds of Tobacco to the acre. Two Churches— Meth-
odist Episcopal, South, and Roman Catholic. Town Hall and Public
School. Population, 20^.
Postmaster.
Ward, H. C.
Agent Railroad.
Poole, S.
J 30
DIKECTOEY OF 3IOXT(K):^IEET COUNTY.
Blacksmiths.
DavaU. C. F.
Easton. Giles
GloTcL Samuel
Carpenterg.
Beckwith. Greenbury
Beckwith. Waters
Merchants.
Belt. John H.
Owen. T. J.
Ward <fc Fulks.
MiUer*.
Lemon, George
Trail. Burton
Watkins. Levi
Phyrician.
Etcliison, E. E.
Shoeraaker.
Cooms. William
Farmers.
Briggs. Gideon
Briggs. James M. N.
Briggs. John
Briggs. Robert
Briggs. Samuel
Brings. Thomas
Calvin. Timothv
Chandle. J. W."
Clagette. James H.
Clagette, John H.
Clements, Lemuel
Clopper. D.
Codwise. B. R.
Cook. ]Sathan
Cook. Wm. H.
Cooke. Mrs. E.
Cooke. Wm. J.
Crown, H. L.
Day, Jacob
Day. ^Vashinsrton
Dessellum. John T.
Diamond. .J. B.
Diamond. Mrs. S. J.
Dorsev. R. G.
Fulks*. Wm. R.
Gaither. .James B.
Gaither. W. R.
Hutton. W. R.
Jones, L. C.
Meesne. C. G.
Meesae. O. C.
Mills, Richard
Reed, William
Ricketts. Isaac
Selbv. Allen
Selbv. John T.
Small. John
Suter. Thomas R.
Thompson. F. H.
Thompson. John
Thompson. Joseph
Tscheffelv. F. H.
Wade. John W.
Wade. William
Walker. G. E.
Walker. J. W.
Walker, X. J.
Whalen. Martin
Woodward. R.
GERM A > T O W > ,
Twenty-seven miles from Washington, on the Metropolitan Branch, Bal-
timore and Onio Railroad. Good land and excellent water; valued at
from ten to fifty dollars per acre. The soU is kind, yielding productive-
ly of Wheat, Com. Oats, Potatoes. Tobacco, and Hay.
The village is located about one mile from the Station : contains two
Churches — Methodist Episcopal and Baptist, and Public School. Quite
an extensive business is carried on at the Station in Fertilizers and Agri-
cultural Implements ; also, in the Manufacture of Carriages, Buggies,
«fec. Population. 100.
PrMmoMer.
Thomas N. Henderson.
Agent.
Gassawav. John H.
DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COTJISTY.
131
Hamenn, &c.
NichoUs, John H.
llerchanU.
Gassaway, John H.
Harris, R. E.
Henderson. Thomas N.
Waters, Horace D.
Shoe and Boot Maker.
Carl in, Thomas
Farmers.
Bennett, R. H.
Benson, John T.
Benson. Wm. H.
Gassaway. John H.
Gloyd. Eden
Henderson. Joseph
Laorer, J. A-
Leaman. Christian
Musser. William
Pa^e. N'athan
Pomphreys. Henry
Reichter. John C.
Snyder. Jacob F.
Snyder, John
Waters. Horace
Waters, William
Williams. Henry
Williams. Samuel
G O S H E >■ ,
Five miles from Gaithersburg. Land in fine cultivation. Soil — clay.
mixed with loam, and valued at from twenty to fifty dollars per acre.
Produces 30 bushels of Wheat. 50 of Com. ! :nds of Tobacco, and
two tons of Hay per acre. One Church — V. -st EpiicopaL South
Public School, two Mills, «fec. Population, 50.
Postmaster.
Martin, A. R.
Blacksmith.
Hogan. C. F.
Jderchandise.
Martin, A. R.
Millers.
Davis. J. S.
Lewis, J. W.
Farmers.
Benson, J. E.
Blunt. W. W.
Bowman, L'riah G.
Dorsey. R. G.
Green. Richard
Higgins. James
Higgins. Thomas
Jones. Richard W.
JoneSj Somerset O.
La Mar. J. C.
Magruder, H. R.
Magruder. J. S.
Mii^Tuder. Wm. M.
Magruder. Z. M.
McSlahan, E.
Merriweather. A. G.
Miller. Washington
Reed. William
Riggs. George
Riffffs. Harrv
Riggs, R. D.
Stewart. A. G.
Thompson. J. H.
Thompson, J. C.
Thompson. Wm.. of C.
Waters. J. McC.
Waters. W. D.
GREAT FILES,
On the Potomac River. The Government Dam and Water Works are
located here for supplying the District of Columbia. This is the largest
available water-power in the world, and its development and utilization
132
DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
for manufacturing purposes, cannot fail to eventuate in the growth of a
considerable town at this point.
The Great Falls Ice Companies' Warehouses are also located here.
Hotel, Store and Post Office. Population, 150.
HYATT STOW:Sf.
Eight miles from Boyd's, on Bennett's Creek. Soil — clay, mixed with
slate. Land undulating, back to the foot of Sugar Loaf Mountain; is
principally cleared and under good cultivation, and worth from eight to
fifty dollars per acre. Producing of Wheat, 25 bushels; Corn, 50 ,"Oats,
40; Potatoes, 100; Tobacco, 1000 pounds, and Hay, two tons per acre.
Three Churches — Methodist Episcopal and Methodist Episcopal, South,
and Christian. White and Colored Public Schools. Population, 150.
Postmaster.
Smith, J. R.
Blacksmiths.
Dutrow, Jacob W.
Dutrow, O. W.
Carpenters and Undertakers.
Dutrow, P. C.
Gardner & Son.
Smith, J. R.
Carriages and Buggies.
Brengle, J. H.
Merchants.
Dutrow, D. W.
Welsh, Wellington
Miller.
Darby, George A.
Physician.
Zeigler, A. H.
Saddles and Harness.
Burdett, John E.
Slwemaker.
Grimes, George
Tailor.
Davis, William
Farmers.
Anderson, Mrs. Ellen
Browning, Charles T.
Cecil, Otho F.
Dixon, John
Harris, Z. G.
Johnson. Samuel
Keith, C.
Lawson, James AV.
Layton, C. F. & Bro.
Leather, E.
Lewis, J. R.
Lewis, William B.
McLane, Amon
McLane, Joshua
Price, Charles
Price, George
Price, Levi
Price, Thomas, of E.
Price, Thomas H.
Simmons, Samuel T.
Tabler, Andrew J.
Tabler, George F.
Tabler, J. L.'
Tabler, John H.
Wartield, H. G.
Watkins, Luther
Welsh, Asa H.
Windsor, Z. L.
Wolfe, Jesse H.
Zeigler, D.
H inV T I ^ G II I T. I. ,
Five miles West of Rockville, on the Poolesvillc road, and three miles
South of Gaithersburg. Land improving, and yielding fair crops , of
Wheat, (yorn, Potatoes, and Hay. An important feature is the Chrome
DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
133
Pits in the vicinity. Store, Wheelwright and Blacksmith Shop, and
Post Office.
K \ O W I. E S %
Eleven miles from Washington, on the Metropolitan Branch, Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad. Land variable; valued at from forty to eighty dol-
lars per acre. Yielding 30 to 40 bushels of Wheat, 50 to 60 of Corn, and
tvsTO tons of Hay. Churches and Schools in immediate vicinity. Popu-
lation, 75.
Postmaster.
Corrick, Joshua
Blacksmith.
Mulican, George
Bricklayers and Plasterers.
Lincoln, William
Rhoe, William
Carpenters.
Blackwith, W. T.
Blake, George
Duvall, George
Welch, Patrick
Merchandise.
Fawcett, F. M.
Farmers.
Baker, Nelson
Brown, D. W.
Brown, M. J.
Clemens, John
Duvall. Charles
Duvall, James
Hiffiner, .John
Knowles, George
Manakee, William
McDermott, John
McDermott, Patrick
Mulican, R.
Perry, Humphrey
Wilson, George
I.AYTOXSVIT.I.E,
Seven miles from Gaithersburg. Land under fair cultivation; mostly
cleared, and rated at from ten to fifty dollars per acre. Produces 30
bushels of Wheat, 25 to 40 of Oats, 150 of Potatoes, 50 to 100 of Corn,
1200 pounds of Tobacco jjer acre. One Church — Methodist Episcopal.
Two Public Schools. Population, 100.
Postmaster.
Bell, F. L.
Blacksmiths and W heeliDrights.
Gittings, John T.^
Parsley, Thomas
Wicks & Kimble.
Carpenters and Undertakers.
Easton, S. H.
Houck, E. H.
Harness Maker.
Myers, E. F.
Merchants.
Kenny, W. H. H.
Mobley, George W.
Physician.
Crawford, B. B.
iShoemaker.
Snyder, J. P.
Tailor.
Selhnan, John A.
Farmers.
Allnutt, .1. B.
AUnutt, John
Allnutt, John T.
Allnutt, William
Avton, E. B.
Bell, F. L.
Bell, James T.
134
DIRECTORY OF MO:STGOMERY COUNTY.
Bell, Silence
Bowman, George W.
Brown, Edward
Clagett, James W.
Clagett, Mrs. M. A.
Crawford, C. A.
Darby, W. A.
Dorsey, Thomas W.
Fisli. Benjamin R.
Gattrel, G.
Griffith, C. H.
Griffith, U.
Griffith, U. H.
Griffith, Wm. R.
Hawkins, AVm.
King, S.
Nelson, O.
Plummer, Richard
Plummer, Robert
Pope, C. A.
Pope, James M.
Pugh, David L.
Ray, Nicholas
Riggs, Reuben
Riggs, Samuel, of G.
Riggs, Samuel, of S.
Stewart, Albert
Thompson, T.
Ward, J.
Warfield, J. G.
Warfield, John T.
Waters, George T.
Watkins & Clagett.
Williams, James
MARTI^^SBIJRG,
Eight miles from Barnesville, on the road (two miles) from White's
Ferry, on the Potomac River. Land fertile, with a good clay soil; gen-
erally cleai'ed, and commands from twenty to fifty dollars per acre.
Yielding fine crops of Wheat, Corn, Oats, and Hay. Churches and
Public Schools convenient. Population, 75.
Postmaster.
Reed, James W.
Blacksmiths.
McKenzie, T.
Peters, John
Merchants.
Phillips Brothers.
Reed & Trundle.
Millers.
Devilbiss, J. A.
Weller, Frank
Shoemaker.
Thomas, C. W.
Farmers.
Boteler, A. J.
Cowley, R. T.
Hickman, James B.
Jones, William T.
Jones, John L. T.
Mercer, W. E.
Mosburg, George
Mosburg, P. K.
Oxley, Edgar F.
Oxley, Thomas
Pool, B. R,
Reed, John
l-{emsburg, D. F.
Remsburg, William
Skinner, James
Smoot, R. W.
Stallings, Ricluird
Stephenson, John
Veirs. William F.
91 I U 1> li £ IS K 4> O K ,
Two miles West of the intersection of the Frederick Turni)ike and Big
Seneca, nine miles West of Rockville, and four miles East of Clarks-
burg, fjand, medium ; can be ])urchased at from ten to twenty dollars
per acre. Yielding fine crops of Wheat, Corn, Oats, Hay, Potatoes, and
Tobacco. Churches and Schools near. Population, 30.
DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
135
Postmaster.
Clements, George H.
BlacLnnith.
Smith, Peter
Carpenters.
Easton, William
Trail, Thomas
General Merchandise.
Clements, George H.
Millers.
Buxton, Leonard
Watkins, L. L.
Farmers.
Benson, J. N,
Benson, Johnson
Benson, Thomas E.
Case, John
Case, Zadoc
Crawford, H.
Gloyd, James A.
Rabbitt, James O.
Ray, D. A.
Ricketts, A. P.
Trail, James O.
Trail, R.
Ward, T. G.
Ward, W. E.
M O ^ O € A C Y ,
On the Monocacy River, near the crossing of the Metropolitan Railroad.
Land productive, and ranging from ten to twenty dollars per acre. Pro-
ducing good crops of Wheat and Corn. Mills, Churches, and Public-
Schools convenient. Population, 20.
Postmaster.
Sellman, Frederick
General Merchandise.
Sellman, Frederick
Physician.
Hellen,
Farmers.
Bouic, Rufus A.
Beall, William A.
Hays, George R.
Sellman, Frederick
MONTROSE,
Is one-half mile from Randolph. The soil, red clay; valued at fifty to
sixty dollars per acre. Yielding 25 bushels of Wheat, 80 of Corn, and
two tons of Hay. Population, 100.
Postmaster.
Heley, Francis
Blacksmith.
Flach, Joseph
Carpenter.
Cramer, C.
General Merchandise.
Heley, Francis
Holmes, T.
Magruder, W. F.
Miller.
Omdorf, William
Farmers.
Bagley, H.
Baker, E.
Ball, Frank
Codwise, B. R.
Curtin, T.
Duffy, Peter
Halpin, C.
Hance, W.
136
DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
Lyddam, T.
Magruder, S. W.
Magruder, William
Magruder, W. S.
Ricketts, E.
Veirs, C.
Veirs, E.
Wilson, O.
Windan, George
X O R B E € K
Ts situated five miles from Rockville. The land is valued at twenty-five
to forty dollars per acre. Yielding from 25 to 30 bushels of Wheat, 20
to 25 of Corn, and one and a half ton of Hay. Churches and Schools in
close i^roximity. Population, 40.
Postmaster.
Bennett, John A.
Blacksmith.
Gill, James
Carriage Maker.
Cashell, C. R.
General Merchandise.
Bennett, -John A.
Flack, A. C.
Ramier, James
Carj)e)iters.
Burris, William
Nicholls, Charles
Farmers.
Abert, Charles
Abert, Robert W.
Adamson, R. L.
Beall, J. W.
Brooke, Albin
Brooke, Roger
Cashell, Thomas
Cashell, William
Flack, A. C.
Muncaster, Wm. E.
Nicholls, C. W.
Riley, P. C.
Sullivan, Perry
Thompson, William
OFFUTT'S -|- ROADS,
Six miles from Rockville, and two and a half miles from the Great Falls
of the Potomac, which is cohsidered one of the greatest w^ater-powers in
the country. The land surrounding is fair, and contains gold mines,
which are now being worked. Land sells at from ten to thirty dollars
per acre. Produces 15 to 30 bushels of Wheat, 100 of Potatoes, 25 of
Oats, and 20 to 30 of Corn. Presbyterian and Methodist Episcopal
Churches. Three Schools near. Population, 125.
Postmaster.
Offutt, William
Blacks!)/ ithx.
Lynch, William T.
McCormick, George
Carpenters.
Dolbeck, James
Hill, Lloyd
Sheppard, Thomas
General Merchandise.
Garrett & Maus.
McQuade, M.
Oifutt & Perry.
Gold Miners.
Jas. Bartlett, MerrittA Co.
Millers.
McCormick, G.
Orondorf, Wm.
Storm, Philip & John
DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
137
Physicians.
Offutt, B.
Willett, C. F.
Shoemakers.
Burriss, Lem. P.
Stearn, J. J.
Farmers.
Austin, Mahlon
Barnhouse, Richard
Boswell, Frank
Bradley, George G.
Bradley, Henry
Bradley, Henry, Jr.
Burriss, G. W.
Carroll, J. M.
Clagett, Darius
Clagett, Henry
Clagett, J. N.
Clagett, Wra.
Connell, John
Connell, Robert
Hardesty, Wm. M.
Hill, Levi
Kilgour, Frank
Maus, O. S.
Moore, J. D. W.
Oflfutt, John
Offutt, L. M.
Saunders, John
Stearn, Joseph
Trundle, John
OliNET
Is situated eight miles from Rockville. Land good, principally cleared;
is valued at forty dollars per acre, and yields 25 bushels of Wheat, 50 of
Corn, and 1200 pounds of Tobacco. Churches and Schools convenient.
Population, 75.
Postmaster.
Kirk, R. L.
Blacksmiths and Wheelwrights.
Jones, L. D.
Walker, J. W.
Carpenters and Undertakers.
Groome, Thomas C.
Price, John
Young, R. W^
Dairy.
Farquhar, Greenville
Dentist.
Manakee, P. H.
Merchandise.
Barnesley, J. D.
Williams & Berger.
Miller.
Routzhan, M. C.
Physician.
Magruder, Wm. E.
Shoemaker.
Johnson, H. C.
Stoves and Tinware.
Wagner, J. L.
10
Tailor.
Schmitt, Andrew
Farmers.
Barnesley, George
Barnesley, James
Barnesley, Samuel
Berry, J. D.
Bowie, Col. W.
Brooke, C. F.
Cashell, G. C.
Cashell, H. B.
Cashell, S. S.
Chichester, W. B.
Childs, James O.
Childs, William
Dorsev, Col. G.
Duly, H. B.
Farquhar, Charles
Griffith, Thomas
Hallowell, H. C.
Higgins, H. O.
Holland, J. C.
Hyatt, George W.
Jones, L. W.
Kirk, Charles
Mackall, R. L.
Mackall, R. M.
Manakee, Reuben
138
DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
P O O li E S V I 1. 1. E
Is located in the Horseshoe formed by the Potomac River, six miles from
Barnesville Station, Metropolitan Railroad, and same distance from the
Canal, and thirty-two miles from Washington. Principal products —
Wheat, Corn and Hay. From fifteen hundred to two thousand head of
Cattle are grazed for market in the District. Soil sandy, gray and red ;
ranging from fifteen to fifty dollars per acre. A Public and Private
School largely attended; also, Briarly Hall Seminary for Young Ladies,
ably conducted by Mrs. Mary E. Porter and daughter, with a large
attendance. Poi)ulation, 275.
Postmaster.
Cator, Samuel
Blacksmith.
Reed, Lewis
Carpenters.
Norris, William
Hall, E.
Money, J. H.
Carriage Manufacturers.
Straub & Son.
Dentist.
SchaeflTer, Dr. T. H.
Merchants.
Hall, T. R.
Hays, William N.
Hoskinson Bros.
Kohlhoss, C.
Norris, J. T.
Millers.
Milford, Thos.. & Bitzer.
Physicians.
Ayler,
Walling,
Wootton,
Shoemakers.
Grimes, Charles
Price, Eli as
Veterina/ry Surgeon.
Poole, W. T. H.
Farmers.
Brewer, George
Brewer, William
Cecil, fluni})lirey
Cecil, William
Chiswell, Captain
Chiswell, Edward
Dade, John
Dawson, F.
Fisher, George
Fisher, Martin
Gott, Thomas N.
Griffith, Howard
Heirberger, Aaron
Hempstone, H. T.
Hempstone, T.
Hillard, Robert
Hughes, William D.
Jones, John A.
Jones, John L. T.
Jones, N.
Jones, William T.
Metzger, Charles
Metzger, William
Miles, Uriah
Poole. Dickerson
Poole, F. S.
Poole, J. Sprigg
Poole, Richard
Poole, Thomas H.
Poole, Wallace
Poole, William
Schaffer, William
Scllman, Charles
Talbott, Benson
Trundle, James
White, Beniamin
White, Frank
White, Joseph
White, Richard
White, Thomas H.
Willard, Charles
Willard, J.
Young, David
Young, Henry
Young, Isaac
Young, W. T.
DIRECTOKY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
139
R E D I. A X D ,
Two miles from Derwood Station, Metropolitan Branch Railroad. Soil
productive, and susceptible of improvement. Church and Public School.
Population,' 50.
Postmaster.
Peirce, H. B.
Blacksmiths.
Bready, C. W.
Bready, S. K.
Carpenters.
Belt, Rufus
Belt, W. M.
Merchants.
Peirce, H. B.
Thompson, H. S. & Bro.
Miller.
Shaw, Nathan
Physicians.
Magruder, J. W.
Magruder, Julian
Farmers.
Bean, C. M.
Bowman, U.
Case, J. & R.
Cashell, H.
Cashell, J.
Cashell, Thomas, Jr.
Griffith, David
Housholder, W. O.
Magruder, H. B.
Magruder, Zadoc
Muncaster, E. M.
Rabbitt, J.
Ricketts, J. T.
Riggs, Mrs. E. H.
Thompson, J. E.
ROCKVILIiE,
The County Seat, on the Metropolitan Railroad, fifty-seven miles from
Baltimore, and sixteen miles from Washington. The land in the vicinity
is clay loam, well improved, and sells from twenty to one hundred
dollars per acre. Staple productions — Wheat, Corn, Hay, and Oats.
Considerable attention is devoted to Fruit and C4arden productions.
Contains Court House, Jail, and the County Almshouse. Churches —
Methodist Episcopal, Baptist, Presbyterian, Catholic, Episcopal, Disci-
ples, and two Colored. Mispah Lodge, No. 144, A. F. & A. M. Mont-
gomery Grange. Population, 1000.
Postmaster.
England, John G.
Agents — Insurance.
Higgins, John J.
Pretty man, E. D.
Agent — Railroad.
Cooper, J. J.
Attm'neys at Law.
Anderson & Bouic.
Anderson, James W.
Brewer & Brewer.
Dawson, James
England, John G.
Jones, Spencer C.
Peter & Henderson.
Peter, John F.
Talbott, H. W.
Auctioneer.
Boswell, James
Blachsmiths and Wheelwrights.
Bagley, R. A.
Buxton, James F.
Green, M.
Haney, B.
]40
DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
Moulden, Eli
Mullinger, J. P.
Ca/rpenters and Undertakers.
Cator, George F.
Edmondson, John
Haiiey, Joseph
Pumijhrey, W. R.
Dentist.
Manakee, F. H.
Dritggist.
Owens, D. P.
Harness Maker.
Kircher, David
Hotels.
Montgomery — M. A. Almony.
Union — Francis Kleindienst.
Livery Stables.
Poss, J.
Rabbitt, W. H.
Mason.
Dvvyer, Henry
Merchants.
Biays, J. P.
Bouic, D. H.
England, John G., Jr.
Higgins, S. D. & Son.
Lyddane, S. B.
Mulfinger, Mrs. Marv M.
OflFutt, N. D.
Shekell, R. A.
Millers.
Veirs, E. & Brother.
Millinery.
Campbell, Misses
Cator, Mrs. G. F.
Miller, Mrs. J. R.
Physicians.
Maddox, C. J.
Sommers, A. A.
Stonestreet, E. E.
Shoemahers.
Johnson, R. R.
Sadtler, Louis
Steele, J. A.
Tailor.
Morgan, M.
Tinner.
Viett, Henry
Watches and Jewelry.
Ansley, Henry
Wines and Liquors.
Mullican, S. T.
Rabbitt, J. R.
Rabbitt, William H.
Farmers.
Anderson, Col. James
Anderson, James W., Jr.
Bedle, Amos
Belt, Edward C.
Bouic, Hon. W. V.
Bowie, Hon. R. I.
Brewer, John B.
Brooke, W. S.
Carter, R. W.
Claggett, Z. T.
Cromack, J. C.
Davis, Samuel L.
Dawson, H. A.
Dawson, John L.
Dove, Thomas R.
Edmondson, C. O.
Farquhar, Rodger B.
Gaither, William R.
Graff, George M.
Haney, Joseph M.
Higgins, James W.
Higgins, Mrs. S. D.
Horner, Frank B.
Horner, John W.
Hunter, Mrs.
Hunter, William
Hurley, Henry
Jones, William, Jr.
Keys, Chandler
Lyddane, S. M.
Maddox, Dr. Charles J.
Nelson, C. S.
Offutt, N. D.
Orndorff, W. O.
Prettvman, E. B.
Ray,N. K.
Ricketts, John H.
Ricketts, R. E.
Rozier, F. W.
Selby, Allen
Shaw, George
Shaw, James L.
Stonestreet, Dr. E. E.
Stonestreet, Samuel T.
Stonestreet, T. W.
Trail, Hezekiah
Veirs, E. M.
DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
141
Veirs, W. A.
Wagner, J. N.
Watkins, Rudoljah
White, George
Willson, John E.
Willson, Samuel
SAXDY SPRINGS,
Eight miles East of Rockville, and eleven miles from Laurel, is situated
in the midst of a Settlement of Friends, and is surrounded by one of the
wealthiest sections in the County. Land under a high state of cultiva- ■
tion, and imi^roved by handsome buildings, etc. Land worth from twenty
to one hundred dollars per acre. Pi'incipal productions — Wheat, Corn,
Hay, and Fruit. Four Methodist Episcopal Churches, two Colored, and
Society of Friends. Public and Private Schools. Mutual Fire Insur-
ance Company, of Montgomery County; Sandy Springs Savings Bank,
and Circulating Library. Population, 100.
Postmaster.
Stabler, Edward
Blacksmiths.
Budd, Samuel
Budd, Thomas
Marlow, J. F.
Turner, Fletcher
Carpenters.
Hill, Remus
Leizer, Francis
Moore, Roljert S.
Tucker, Richard
Merchants.
Gilpin & Bentley.
Holland, James M.
Thomas, A. G.
Milhrs.
Brooke, Charles F.
Lea, Henry T.
White, Moab
Physician.
Iddings, C. Edward
Farmers.
Bready, John
Brooke, Alban
Brooke, George E.
Cash ell, A. Jackson
Chandlee, Albert
Farquhar, William H.
Hallowell, Henry C.
Kirk, Mahlon
Lea, Edward
Lea, William
Miller, B. H,
Miller, Henry H.
Miller, Robert H.
Moore, Joseph T.
Moore, William W.
Palmer, B. D.
Palmer, P.
Roberts, B. R.
Scofield, William J.
Scott, Edmund
Smith, John M.
Stabler, Arthur
Stabler, Asa M.
Stabler, Charles
Stabler, Frederick
Stabler, Granville
Stabler, James P.
Stabler, Joseph
Stabler, Philip T.
Stabler, Robert M.
Stone, James H.
Thomas, Edward P.
Thomas, Francis
Thomas, Samuel P.
Thomas, William J.
Wetherald, Joseph
142
DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
On the Metropolitan Railroad, four miles West of Boyd's, and nine miles
East of Point of Rocks, and one mile from Barnesville, — for which this
is the Railway Station. Railroad Agent, Samuel Darby.
S E IT E C A ,
On Great Seneca Creek, near its confluence with the Potomac River, on
the road from Georgetown to Edwards' Ferry. Public Schools and
Churches in the vicinity. Store and Post OiHce. Postmaster, Upton Dorsey.
SI. lOO,
One mile from Silver Springs, and six miles from Washington. Soil —
light and loamy ; land principally cleared, and rated at fifty to one hun-
dred dollars per acre. Produces 30 bushels of Wheat, 25 of Corn, and
two tons of Hay per acre. Methodist Protestant Church and two Catho-
lic Churches. Two Public Schools. Population, 50.
Postmaster.
Dorsey, James L.
Blacksmiths.
Cunningham, C.
Gentner, John
Carpenter.
Long, J. D.
Miller.
Bond, J. L.
Physicians.
Harding, Josiah
Stone, C. G.
Farmers.
Blair, Hon. Montgomery
Burch, R. W.
Clark, O. H. P.
Dorsey, James L.
Draine, A. L.
Fenwick, James
Lee, S. P.
Thompson, William
Wilson, John C.
Wilson, R. T.
s p E :x C E 11 V I li li E ,
On the road to Sandy Springs, and six miles from Burtonsville. Land
productive, and yielding excellent crops of Wheat, Corn and Hay.
Land worth from thirty to eighty dollars per acre. Ba^jtist Church and
Schools. Population, 100.
Postmaster.
Spencer, W. H.
Carpenter.
Barnes, James
Nurseryman.
Phair, William H.
Farmers.
Chancy, H. S.
DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
143
Duvall, Louis H.
Herding, Joseph
Miller, W. P.
Reigle, George
Stabler, Asa M.
Stabler, Caleb
Stabler, F.
S UJS"S H I ]V E ,
Ten miles from Gaitliersburg. Soil good, and susceptible of improve-
ment; can be bought from twenty to forty dollars per acre. Produces 25'
bushels of Wheat, 40 of Corn, and two tons of Hay. Methodist Protest-
ant, (Mount Carmel,) and Methodist Episcopal, (Unity Chapel.) Public
School. Population, 150.
Postmaster.
Brown, "William W.
Blacksmiths.
Davis, Nimrod
Grady, Frank
Oarpentsrs.
Boswell, Nicholas
Brown, Franklin
Cashell, George
Dentist.
Dwyer, J. D.
Merchants.
Colliflower & Harvey.
Gaither, F. D.
Townsend, C. F.
Machinist.
Bozzell, J. Q.
Physician.
Maynard, J. H.
Shoe-makers.
Brown, Uriah
Coomes, R. W.
Dwyer, J. W.
Farmers.
Brown, J. H.
Brown, Joshua
Brown, Robert
Curtis, John
Griffith, Frank
Groomes, Franklin
Hutton, C. C.
Kiusey, .John G.
Lansdale, R. H.
Magruder, J. F. D.
Riggs, Elisha
Townsend, James
Watkins, O. P.
TRIADEI.PHIA,
On the Patuxent River, north-east corner of Mechanicsville District.
Soil productive. Products — 30 bushels of Wheat, 40 of Corn, and 30 of
Oats. Land from fifteen to sixty dollars per acre. Churches, Schools
and Mills. Postmaster, Thomas Lansdale.
WH E ATO^r,
Half mile from Forest Glen. Location healthy. Soil— clay ; land cleared,
and rated at forty to eighty dollars per acre. Methodist Episcopal and
Methodist Protestant Churches. Public School.
144
DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY,
Postmaster.
Plyer, George
Blacksmith.
Rhine, A.
Merchants.
Anderson, D. C.
Davis, Charles
Jones, Samuel
Mitchell, Richard
Plyer, George
Ray, A.
Physician.
Harding, J.
Partners.
Adams, Charles
Anderson, Charles
Batchelor, W. A.
Boher, Julius
Bowie, Allen
Bowman, William
Breaton, W.
Brown, Thomas
Burgdorf, A.
Childs, Joseph
Cropley, William
Dodge, J. P.
Dodge, Owen
Eccleston, Matthew
Federline, Frank
Glasgoe, J. E.
Hardy, Frank
Hardy, John
Haviland, James
Hunter, Thomas
Johnson, Henry
Jones, C. P.
Laney, John
Linkins, Henry
Matthews, Wesley
Muss, Peter
Noland, Thomas
Perry, Humphrey
Price, James
Price, William
Ray, Richard
Riley, Thomas
Stanton, Frederick
Stubbs, J. B.
Trucks, J.
Wallace, Murray
Weller, M.
Weller, William
Windham, A. J.
WHITE'S FERRY,
Six miles from Poolesville, on the Potomac River, four miles from Lees-
burg, Virginia. Land in good cultivation; producing 30 to 40 bushels
of Wheat; Corn, Oats, and Hay in proportion. Selling from thirty to
seventy-live dollars per acre. Store and Post Office, with Churches and
Schools in the neighborhood. Splendid Bass Fishing in the Potomac.
PROMIiYENT MERCANTILE FIRMS
OF
GEOKGETOWN, D. (
J
THE liUMBER TRADE.
WHEATLEY BROTHERS.
The City of Georgetown enjoys many advantages over other places
favorable to the successful prosecution of the Lumber Trade, among
which may be mentioned her central location and unsurpassed water
facilities for receiving and shipping.
The immense amount of Lumber used annually in the United States
is constantly increasing, and to supply this growing demand, an immense
amount of capital and labor is invested. One of the oldest established
firms so engaged in the District of Columbia is that of the Messrs,
Wheatley Brothers, whose extensive yards in Georgetown and Wash-
ington cover fully four acres of ground. Some idea of the extent of
their business may be inferred from the fact that they handle over seven
million feet of Lumber yearly.
The Georgetown office is located at 37 Water Street, and the yards
covering several acres are located on the Banks of the Potomac and Rock
Creek, where they have a wharfage of three hundred feet, enabling vessels
of any draught to load and unload at all times. Their stock embraces
every description of Lumber received from all the different Lumber
sections of the country.
At Seventh Street and Rhode Island Avenue, in Washington, their yard
occupies one and one-half squares, and is connected with the George-
town oflice by a Telephone, making communication easy and facilitating
business.
In 1845, Mr. F. Wheatley, the father of the gentlemen conducting the
present business established himself in Georgetown, and by his energy
and enterprise, successfully conducted the business until 18G6, when his
four sons under the above style and name became proprietors, and since
140 PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — GEORGETOWN.
that time have illustrated the fact that the mantle of the sire fell on
worthy shoulders, for they have materially extended and enlarged the
business, keeiDing pace vrith the modern development of trade and com-
merce. Directing their entire time and energy, coupled with their exten-
sive experience, exclusively to their business, and losing no opi^ortunity
of i3rotecting their customers, it is certain that the "Brothers Wheatley "
will merit a continuance of the generous suj^port so long extended to
them during the past.
The firm are enabled to transact business in a manner satisfactory to
all concerned, and their i^rices are such that they can compete with
Baltimore or more Eastern markets. Their trade is jirincipally local,
although they make shipments by the railroads and canal to Montgomery
and adjacent Counties in Maryland and Virginia.
They are also largely engaged in building. Mr. Samuel E. Wheatley,
one of the senior members of the Washington branch having immediate
supervision of that department. They have twenty-six handsome brick
dwellings on the square bounded by Seventh, Sixth and Q Streets and
Rhode Island Avenue, and a number in the immediate neighborhood, all
of which are occuiiied. They are all finished in modern style, combin-
ing all the conveniences for house-keeping.
Mr. Charles Wheatley, who has charge of the Georgetown office, is a
social and genial gentleman — qualities, when joined with strict business
principles, and honorable and upright dealing, is sure to make him a
host of friends.
oroci:kii:s, whoi.esai.e a^d retaii..
s. cropley's sons.
Among the important commercial enterprises of Georgetown which
commend themselves to general notice, no one possesses features of
greater intei-est than that of the Wholesale and Retail Grocei-y Trade.
The house of 8. Cropley's Sons was established by Mr. Samuel Cropley
in 1828, and succeeded by his two sons R. B. and A. B. Cropley in 18t>8,
by whom it lias since been prosecuted with great success. The indi-
vidual imi)ortance of this house is such that it exerts an infiuence over
the commercial interests of Georgetown, which is strongly felt by dealers
in other departments of trade.
In addition to their Grocery Department, they are largely engaged in
Rectifying Spirits and Compounding Liquors, among which they make
a specialty of '■'■Old Cluh'''' Whiskeys, of which they are sole proprietors;
also of " Cropley 's" X, XX, XXX Whiskeys.
PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — GEORGETOWN. 147
They occupy a large five story building Corner Bridge Street and Market
Space, where their wholesale business is principally carried on, and one
at the Corner of Bridge and Congress Streets, which is devoted to sup-
plying families with Fine Wines, Groceries and Canned Goods and
Fruits, etc.
They are also extensive dealers in Tobacco, Snuff, Cigars, etc., of which
they keep a well assoi'ted stock, which is of great convenience and value
to country dealers.
The Messrs. Cropley are Agents for Hazard's Powder, the celebrity of-
which is wide-spread. They make a specialty of this article, which is
extensively used in every section of the country. As the attention of
dealers to this house may be advantageous both to it and to themselves,
these gentlemen, as agents, are prepared to supply it in any quantities,
and at jarices lower than it can be bought in the general market.
Their trade in Groceries is large, local and general through the District
and the States adjoining. These goods are, strictly speaking, first-class
when so represented, the high commercial standing of the house forbid-
ding their imposition of goods uj^on customers of a quality inferior to
the class ordered, for the tem^Dorary emolument such a transaction might
afford. In every resi:)ect the house of S. Croi^ley's Sons is a good one,
meriting universal patronage.
A5f EXTERPRISIXG MAW.
ROBERT T. ARLOW.
It has always been the boast of the American citizen that no country
in the world offers better opportunities for the truly enterprising, or
where true worth will quicker bring a reward than in the United States.
An instance of the truth of this statment apjaears in the case of Mr.
Robert T. Arlow, 82 Water Street, Oevrgetown. This well known,
energetic and successful business man is an example where industry and
careful management have led to unqualified success. Mr. Arlow started
business here in the year 1865. his cash capital being only five dollars.
Being ambitious, prudent and withal determined to succeed, he kept
constantly increasing his business and using all possible means to advance
his interests, and to-day he is the owner of considerable property. His
active and energetic manner of doing business, combined with his genial
and pleasant manners, has made him very popular, and his " Cottage " is
the resort of all whose business requires their attention along the river
front. His Wines, Liquors and Cigars are selected with especial care
as to their excellence and purity.
Mr. Arlow is the founder of his own property, and is entitled to great
credit for the many business qualities he possesses.
148 PR0M:INENT ilERCANTILE FIRMS — GEORGETOWN.
CAPITAI. FI.OIJK MII^I^S,
W. H. TENNEY & SONS.
Among the many celebrated Flour Mills of Georgetown, there is none
whose specialties stand higher for purity, and command more ready
market than these Mills.
W. H. Tenney & Sons, owners and proprietors, established the Mills
in 1870, and since then, have been constently employed in producing
from one hundred to one hundred and twenty-five barrels per day. The
special brands which have gained an extensive rejoutation for superior
quality, and unsurpassed excellence, are Tenney's Hungarian Process,
Tenney's Best Family and John Davidson's Family.
SHIP A^TD CAXAI. STORES.
A. H. BR A D T.
One of the distinctive features of business in Georgetown, is that of
supplying vessels and canal boats with all needful supplies. The most
prominent establishment engaged in this class of business, is that of Mr.
A. H. Bradt, who is located on the Canal, near the Coal Elevators. Here can
be found every article needed by vessels and canal boats, including
Groceries, Liquors, all kinds of Feed, Ship and Canal Stores. Mr. B.
has an experience of over 27 years in this business, and is well qualified
to realize the wants, and supjDly the demands of the trade. Mr. Bradt
makes a specialty of the celebrated " Horsey Whiskey," from Burketts-
ville, Frederick County, Maryland. This is kept in stock and has an age
of six years, also the " Golden Gate," this is purely a straight Rye
Whiskey of superior quality and flavor.
PIO]VEEll MILIiS.
HERR & CISSEL.
Justly celebrated for the manufacture of Flour as Georgetown has
become, no brands have attracted more attention and found their way to
family use than those produced Ijy the above Mills, this is in a great
measure attributed to tlie present proprietors, Messrs. Herh & Cissel.
Mr. Geo. W. Cissel has spent a life-time in perfecting the diflferent pro-
cesses by which their brands are recognized, viz : Centennial 1st Premium,
Great Swiss Process, Deener & Cissel Fancy, A. H. Herr's Best, and the
Peerless Family Flours. Capacity of Mills, 300 barrels per day.
PROMINENT :vrERCANTILR FIRMS — GEORGETOWN. 149
BORDEIV MIiVIXG COMPAXY.
S. H. SHERMAN. GENERAL SUPERINTENDENT.
This Company was organized in 1852, and located at Alexandria, Va.,
but was afterwards removed to Georgetown, in 1857. The Company was
formed for the purpose of mining and supplying the eastern market
with Cumberland Coal. Some idea of the extent of their operations -
may be inferred from the fact that they ship annually about one hundred
and fifty thousand tons, giving employment to one hundred and fifty
hands. Mr. S. H. Sherman the General Superintendent, has been con-
nected with the Company ever since its formation, and is a gentleman of
enlarged experience, and thoroughly posted in the affairs of the Com-
pany. He is assisted by W. H. Masters, son of the former agent.
Their office is located at the Upper Coal Wharf, near the Coal Elevators.
AGBICUIiTrRAL. OIPI.EMEXTS AXD FERTII.-
IZERN.
G. T. D UNL AP.
A farmer desirous of Implements of any kind, with which to plant,
work or secure his crops, or Fertilizers that will both insure good crops,
and permanently improve his lands, is compelled in a great measure to rely
on the representations of the manufacturer. Such an establishment will
be found at the South- West corner Bridge and High Streets, Georgetown,
G. T. DuNLAP, Proprietor. Here he will find ever article useful upon a
farm. Mr. Dunlap has an experience of twenty years in the business,
and established the present house in 1870, and the extensive patronage
enjoyed gives evidence of the superiority of its specialties. His stock
embraces every thing in the line of Agricultural Implements, Machinery,
Farmers' Hardware and Seeds, which comprises the largest and most
carefully selected in the city. To give some idea of the varied assort-
ment of articles on hand, mention may be made of the " Syracuse Chilled
Plow," " "VMieeler No. 6 Mower and Reaper Combined," " Osburn's
Self-Binding Harvester," Single Reapers, Single Mowers, either front or
rear cut, Whitinghouse Threshers and Cleaners, also his Improved
Clover and Grain Threshers, Genuine Malta Shovel Plows, Portable
Steam Engines, the Buckeye Grain and Phosphate Drill, Taylor's Horse
Rakes, Com Shellers, Hay Tedders, Wheat Fans, Hay and Fodder Cut-
ters, Cucumber Wood Pumps, Harrows and Cultivators, Clover and
Timothy Seeds, Garden Seeds, Plaster and all kinds of Guanos at Manu-
facturers' prices.
150 PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — GEORGETOWN.
He is also the manufacturer of Dunlap's Maximum Fertilizer and Dun-
lajj's Ammoniated Bone; these manures are carefully prepared, possess
unusual strength, and wherever they have been thoroughly tested, are
pronounced to be all that is claimed for them. First, that they are the
best Fertilizers on the market, both as promoters of rapid growth of
crops and permanent improvers of the soil. Second, that they are adapted
to any crop, and farmers who have not given them a trial are advised to
do so. Mr. Dunlap is a gentleman of enlarged experience and thor-
oughly acquainted with every detail of his extensive business, and
farmers can depend on his representations.
liUMBER TRADE.
JOS. & J. E. LIB BEY.
One of the most interesting business features of Georgetown, is tlie
trade in Lumber, for which her water facilities admirably adajit her.
Among her most extensive and prosperous Lumber dealers, is the lirm of
Jos. & J. E. LiBBEY, whose father established the business now owned
and controlled by them, nearly half a century ago. The magnitude of
their operations may, in a degree, be estimated by the extent of their
facilities for conducting them. They have three yards covering an area,
in tlie aggregate, of over four acres, with a water front of two hundred
and thirty feet, the whole of which space is occupied by them in their
business. They give employment to a number of hands in the work of
handling the lumber, and in performing the labor incident to the busi-
ness of receiving and shipping. Their offices are located at 27 Water
Street^ and are handsomely and comfortably arranged for the rapid
transaction of business, and the convenience of their customers. Their
specialty is in Hard Wood Lumber, they being the only house in the
District that keep on hand a constant sujjply of White Oak, Ash, Wal-
nut, White and Yellow Pine, Shingles, Pickets, Laths, and all kinds of
Building Lumber. Their trade extends to sections remote from George-
town, though tliey chielly supply the demands in the District and adja-
cent counties. The trade attractions of the establishment are unsurpassed,
and the gentlemen of the firm are deserving of the success that has
attended their energy and enterprise. \\\ the office will be found a
venerable attache of the family and the business of the Messrs. Libbey,
" Uncle Crusey, " an old colored man, who for forty six-years has been
unremittingly faithful to the trusts reposed in him by the fatlier and sons
in whose service he has worked, and of whose interests he has always
been watchful. His fidelity has gained for him an affectionate place in
the hearts of his "young masters," who reckon among their greatest
pleasures, that of i^roviding for his comfort.
PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — aEORGETOWN. 151
HARDWARE, IRON AXD STEEI..
H. P. GILBERT.
There is always some one in every city and town who by his ability
and enterprise pushes to the front and becomes a public benefactor, by
utilizing the facilities for trade and laying the foundations for increasing
business and extension of labor. Prominent among this class of men
appears the name of H. P. Gilbert, who located '.imself in Georgetown'
in 1863, at 93 Water Street, near High, where he has established a busi-
ness that is second to none in the city. His business consists of Hard-
ware, Iron and Steel of all sizes, either for sale or rent, including Blocks,
Jacks, Dirt and Stone Barrows, Harness, Tug Boats, Scows, &c.
Some idea of the extensive nature of his business may be formed from
the fact that he gives employment to from fifty to seventy-five men in the
various branches of his extensive business.
Mr. Gilbert is engaged in many other industries that have for their
object the improvement and prosperity of the community, foremost of
which is the Potomac Blue Stone Quarries, on the Potomac River,
located above Georgetown. This Stone is of a bright blue color and is in
every resjiect equal to granite, and can be cut into any shape. As a build-
ing stone, for durability and beauty it has no equal in this section of
the country. The new Georgetown College is constructed from stone
taken from these Quarries ; it is also extensively used for foundations and
paving i^urposes, and has given universal satisfaction.
Mr, Gilbert, by his liberal spirit and enterprise, has gained a wide-sj^read
reputation for upright and honorable dealing. Several warehouses are
brought into requisition for the requirements of his extensive business,
including everything from a Nail to a Steam Engine.
He is also the builder and owner of several Boats that daily ply up
and down the river, which are marvels of beauty, power and speed.
CIGARS «t TORACCO.
PETER J. MAY.
In some form or other. Tobacco has become of almost universal use ;
economy suggests the Pipe, but in this country, tlie greatest demand is
exhibited for the Cigar. Mr. Peter J. May is a Practical Manufacturer
of Cigars, and is located at 93 High Street, Oeorgetoicn, where he makes a
specialty of the " Rose Bud ; " this is a finely flavored Cigar, and gives
great satisfaction to the lovers of the weed.
152 PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — GEORGETOWN.
OROCERI£S AXD jLIQUORS.
WILLIAM A. OFFUTT & BROTHER.
No one will deny that the most important business interests in any
community are those which supjjly the public demand for food. The
importance of purity and quality in every article of food, renders the
business of supplying this demand one which should be entrusted only
to reliable persons.
Representatives of this class of Merchants will be found in the tirm of
William A. Offutt & Bro., South-East corner Bridge and High Streets,
Oeorgetoicn, dealers in Fine Groceries, Liquors, and all kinds of Country
Produce; among their various brands of Whiskeys, they make a spe-
cialty of the " Jockey Club " and " Baker " brands, both of which are
fine and exquisitely flavored, and of the greatest j^uidty. The business
of this house was established in 1840, and after several changes, finally
succeeded to the " Bros. Off'utt." The Stock includes, beside all Staple
Groceries, every thing coming imdcr the head of " Fancy Groceries,"
which comprise Pickles, Sauces, Fancy Biscuits, Canned Fruits, etc.
The Messrs. Off'utt are young men, who by energy and enterprise have
established an extensive business throughout the County of Montgomery,
and by their experience are better enabled to supply the wants of the
Planters and Farmers, from the fact of their realizing their exact wants
and desires. Such is the extent of their business, that they occupy the
entire building of five stories, including the cellar.
GRAIIV, I-^ED AWD HAY.
D. B. JACKSON.
The facilities and improvements in Baling Hay and Grinding Feed for
Stock, lias improved so rapidly in the past few years, that this l)rancli of
trade has assumed important relations in the various branches of busi-
ness. One of the largest and most extensive depots of this description
is that of Mr. D. B. Jackson, 110 High Street, Georgetown, Wholesale
and Retail Dealer in all kinds of Grain, Feed and Baled Hay.
Mr. Jackson's enlarged ex))crience in this branch of Business, is such
as to guarantee purchasers that all articles sold are just as represented.
This building is another of the old land-marks of Georgetown, having
been built about seventy years ago, by Mr. Noble Hurdle, who is said to
have shaken hands with every President save that of the i:)resent incum-
bent, Mr. Hayes.
PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — GEORGETOWN. 153
COltlMISSION MERCHANTS.
HARTLEY & BROTHER.
There is not a city in the country of its size that handles and manu-
factures as much Grain and Flour as Georgetown. The immense Flouring
Mills, using hundreds of thousands of bushels annually — besides which
the shijjment, both by rail and water, open up a large and extensive field
of operations for the Commission Merchant, Broker and Shipper.
Prominent among this class of Merchants, from the extent of their busi-
ness and commercial integrity, is the old and established firm of Hart-
ley & Brothers, 95, 99, 101 Water Street, Dealers in Flour, Grain, and
General Commission Merchants. This firm has been established since
1854, and occupy three warehouses with a combined caj^acity of storing
thirty thousand bushels of Wheat. _
HYDRAri^IC CEMENT «fe C;AIiCE\ED PLASTER.
J. G. & J. M. WATER S ,
General Commisssion Merchants, and Agents for Round Top Hydraulic
Cement and Red Beach Calcined Plaster, 28 High Street, /rotting imme-
diately on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, is one of the oldest Commission
Houses in the City, having been established by Mr. Geo. Waters some
twenty years ago. All kinds of Grain is received on Consignment, and
Cash Advances made and the interests of the Consignee carefully pro-
tected. They have several Warehouses, with a storage capacity of fifty
thousand bushels. They are also extensive dealers in Red Beach Cal-
cined Plaster and Cement.
HATS, CAPS, «fcc.
J. O. BARRON.
This business, especially in the large cities and towns, to be carried on
successfully, requires persons of more than ordinary ability and judg-
ment. As styles are constantly changing with every season, and as every
one who purchases a hat desires to have one in the prevailing fashion,
the dealer must exercise care and judgment in the selection of his stock,
so as to be able to satisfy the demands of his customers. Mr. J. O.
Barron, 126 Bridge Street, from his long experience is eminently fitted
for this branch of business, as his well selected assortment of Hats, Caps,
«fec., including Umbrellas and Canes, will attest.
11
154 PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — GEORGETOWN.
FAMII.Y OROCEKIES.
EUGENE T. LYDDANE.
A Family Grocery is an essential part of every community and of great
convenience to families, farmers and planters who prefer to make small
purchases and buy often, thus enabling them to have fresh and pure
articles. Such an establishment is that of Mr. Eugene T. Lyddane,
115 High Street^ Oeorgetmrn . His stock embraces every variety of Staple
and Fancy Groceries, including Teas, Coffees, Sugars, Spices, Soaps,
Starches, Canned Goods, Preserves, Jellies, Flour, Hams, Sides, Shoulders,
&c. Mr. Lyddane is a native of Montgomery, and has hosts of friends
throughout the County, and as his store is located on the principal
thoroughfare leading into the city from the County, it is no unusual
sight to see the street in front of the store lined with wagons and car-
riages from the country. The entire building, which is three stories in
height, is occupied for carrying on the extensive business, including the
Storage of Country Produce. One hundred years ago this building was
occupied as a i^ublic inn, and is one of the old land-marks of the city.
In the early colonial days it was a famous resort lor the tobacco planters
and farmers, where they used to congregate and discuss the topics of
the day and relate the incidents of the last/ttc hunt.
DRY GOOI>>S, K^OTIO^S, «kc.
GIBBONS & BURROUGHS.
Of the entire commerce of the country, the trade in the above business
in its extensive details is larger than that of any other, and no class of
mercantile establishments contribute more to the life and prosperity of
a City than those engaged in the sale of Dry Goods, Notions, &c.; nor
do any class answer so important a purpose in advancing and promoting
the business relations of a City. In this department of trade and worthy
of note is the firm of Gibbons & Burroughs, 130 Bridge Street. Their
stock is the largest in the City, and is selected with esi^ecial care and
adapted to the requirements of their customers, embracing both Foreign
and Domestic, such as Ladies' and Gents' Furnishings, Jilack and Colored
Dress Silks, Hamburg Laces, Ribbons, Housekeej^ing Linens, Notions,
Sun Umbrellas, Black Crapes, White and Colored Dress Goods, Kid
Gloves, &c. The gentlemen comprising the firm liave an experience of
twenty-five years in handling this class of goods, which gives them great
advantage in making their selections, being constantly on the look-out
for novelties. Combined with their facilities for conducting the busi-
PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — GEORGETOWN. 155
ness, they are enabled to offer inducements to purchasers that less favored
houses are unable to do. Entering the business when young men, they
have grown up with Georgetown and have identified themselves with
her material interests, and by enterprise and energy, have established a
large and increasing business.
XEW EXPRESS Ei:^E.
G. F. HYDE, AGENT.
This line was established in 1855, and has been an important factor in
the industrial pursuits of the District of Columbia since that time. The
Steamers of this line run hetween Georgetown^ Washington, Alexandria
and Philadelphia, transi^orting between Philadelj^hia and intermediate
points over twelve thousand tons annually, consisting principally of
Plour from Georgetown, returning with General Merchandise. Trips
are made weekly each way. The General Managers are W. P. Clydk,
12 South Wharves, Philadelphia. Mr. G. F. Hyde, the Agent in George-
town, has had control of this end of the line for the past eight years, and
by his energy and enterprise is due in a great measure the success of the
Company.
STEAM DYEI]VG AXD CEEAXIXG.
WILLIAM H. WHEATLEY.
The business or art of Dyeing and Cleaning, has grown to be a very
important industry of this country, and affords means of subsistence to
many worthy jjersons. One of the oldest houses in this business, in the
United States, is that of William H. Wheatlet, 49 Jefferson Street,
Geoi'getown, which was founded by Mr. Wheatley's uncle in 1831, and
has since that date enjoyed the entire confidence of the community, and
a wide rejDutation for satisfactory execution of work. The j^resent pro-
prietor succeeded to the business in 1855, and is constantly increasing
the facilities, and enlarging the business relations of the house. His
trade is extensive throughout the District and adjacent States, nearly
every mail or express receiving or delivering jjackages. His building is
large and commodious, where he employs a large number of the most
skilled and practical dyers, and uses the most ini])roved machinery,
which is projjelled by a forty horse-power engine. In the Dyeing and
Cleansing of Ladies' Dresses, Shawls, Sacques, Ties, Ribbons, Gents'
Coats, Pants and Vests, the work is always done in a neat and durable
manner; the colors being fast and will neither rub off nor fade. Mr.
Wheatley is a man that can be relied upon in every particular, and is
worthy of a liberal patronage.
15G PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — GrEORGETOWN.
RETAIL GROCERY.
JOHN LYDDANE.
Dealer in Family Groceries, South- West corner of High and First Streets,
Oeargetoini, adopted as his watchword ^^ Promptness,^'' over twelve years ago,
and since that time has demonstrated the fact that purity of goods, and
promptness in business transactions will assuredly be rewarded with
success.
MIXER Ali WATER MAXIJFACTORY.
SAMUEL C. PALMER.
The popularity of Mineral Waters, combined with their health-giving
l^roperties, has created such an extensive demand, that establishments
for their manufacture and bottling have been established in all the larger
cities. One of the most extensive, South of Baltimore, is that of Mr.
Samuel C. Palmer, 57 Green Street, Georgetown. He is also Agent for
Massey's Philadelphia Ale and Schlitz's Milwaukee Lager. This busi-
ness was established in 1862, and has been in successful operation ever
since. Some idea of the extent of the business may be infei'red from
the fact that as many as two thousand dozen bottles have been delivered
in a single day. Mr. Palmer also deals extensively in Bass' Ale, Guin-
ness' Stout, Belfast Ginger Ale, Catawba Wine, Cider and Cider Vinegar.
I.AGER REER RREWERY.
MRS. SIMON DENTZE.
The consumption of Lager Beer in the United States has become so
enormous in the past few years, that its production has became an im-
portant factor in the wealth of the country. In 1870, Mr. Simon Dentze
established a Lager Beer Brewery, at 38, 40 and 42 Green Street, George-
toion, this was the first attempt at brewing Beer in the town ; the experi-
ment was successful.
Mr. Dentze, by his energy and the superior quality of his Beer, estab-
lished a large and lucrative business, not only embracing the City of
Georgetown and the surrounding country, but encroaching extensively
on Washington City. At the death of Mr. Dentze, his wife took entire
charge of the business, and has added many improvements. The Beer
being manufactured strictly from pure Malt and Hojds, is recommended
by Physicians as a pure and efficacious tonic, for those who are suffering
from debility.
PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — GEORGETOWN. 157
KAISER'S
HOTEI. A^D RESTAURAXT.
Farmers and those having business in Georgetown, will find comfort-
able quarters and good cheer, including Oj'sters in every style, Fish and
Game in season at Mr. Kaiser's Hotel, 91 and 93 High Street. Mr.
Kaiser came to Georgetown in 1853, and immediately identified him-
self with the interests of the people, and opened his present place in
1861. He is assisted by his son E. C. Kaiser, who is a "chip of the old
block," and realizes the wants of the public, and by his pains-taking
and courtesy has secured the mutual confidence oi the public.
At his eating bar, Mr. Kaiser makes a specialty of Steamed Oysters,
also Shucked Oysters supplied to families in any quantity.
Mr Kaiser was placed in charge, in 1876, of the Agency of U. B.
Mutual Aid Society op Pennsylvania, the object of which is the
relief of the families of its members after death. Eight dollars paid for
membership and five dollars annually for four years, and two dollars
annually during life, with a jJ^'o ?''^^« mortality assessment in case of
death, will entitle each member to a certificate of one thousand dollars,
to be paid at his death to his legal heirs, or assignees, whenever such
event may occur. This Society is one that recommends itself to every
one who desires to provide for his family in case of death.
PROMIJJENT MERCANTILE FIRMS
OF
"WASHi:^TGTON, D. C
DRUGS ANI> CHEMICAI.S.
STOTT & CROMWELL.
In all the large centres of population the Drug Business is of such a
character and extent as to claim prominent position in the dominion of
trade. The articles dealt in are of such a nature, and the relations
existing between the Physician, Pharmacist and Jobber are such, that
not only are the cardinal business virtues called for, but also a special
knowledge of the qualities and properties of goods, such as is never
required in general mercantile life.
When an enviable reputation and success has been acquired in this
department of trade, it is evident that the essential qualifications above
alluded to are possessed in a high degree, and such is the case with the
house which is the subject of this sketch, Messrs. Stott & Cromwell,
480 Femisylvania Avenue.
The business of this liouse was established by John F. Clark, and
then succeeded by Mr. Stott in 1835, the senior member of the firm.
The entire building is occupied by the various departments of their
extensive business, consisting of the most complete assortment of Drugs,
Chemicals and Patent Medicines, South of Baltimore. Three floors and
the basement are heavily stocked with Chemicals, Drugs and Medicines,
both those comprehended in the '■'Materia Medica,'''' and others of a pro-
prietary nature. Many of the latter have been a long time before the
public and have attained high and merited distinction. They are also
extensive dealers in Mineral Spring Waters, including the celebrated
Bethesda Waters, of which they are agents, which has gained such a
world-wide reputation for the cure of Dysjjejisia, Liver and Bilious
Affections, and that much-dreaded "Bright's Disease" of the Kidueys,.
and Diabetes.
PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — WASHINGTON. 159
Their stock of Perfumery, Toilet Articles, Dye-Stuffs, Sponges and
Chamois are large, and selected with special care for the requirements of
their constantly increasing trade.
The business of the House in every respect is in a most flourishing
condition. The members of the firm and salesmen are pains-taking and
efficient, and it is but just to them to express the conviction that no
more conscientious and capable representatives of a peculiarly responsi-
ble business can be found.
Farmers and Planters desirous of securing fresh Drugs and Medicines^
will find it greatly to their advantage to visit the Store of the Messrs.
Stott & Cromwell. Mr. Cromwell, the junior partner, is a native of
Montgomery County, and has a lively interest in its future prosperity
and growth. The gentlemen of the firm are experienced in the different
branches of the business, and by their energy, enterprise and public
spirit, have earned a reputation for honorable and fair dealing that has
secured them their present position. May it continue to hold the repu-
tation it has always enjoyed, as the Leading Drug House in the
District of Columbia.
" CO^FECTIO:\ERY."
CARL MUELLER & SON.
The immense and constantly increasing demand for Confectionery of
every description, both of French and American manufacture, has
stimulated the energies of the people, who have in this respect put forth
every effort that capital and enterjDrise, animated by the' incentive that
promotes the industrial millions of the Western Continent, to compete
with Foreign Manufactories. The American Manufactories are far
excelling the older establishments of the East, and her leading houses
are now enjoying a world- wide reputation that gives evidence that they
are not only able to compete with their Foreign competitors, but they
are enabled, owing to central location and the production of the raw
material, to manufacture an article that will stand the test of climate,
and is capable of shijjment to every part of the Globe. Notable repre-
sentatives of Wholesale Confectioners in the District of Columbia, is
Carl Mueller & Son, 814 Pennsylvania Avenue, Wanhington, D. C,
Manufacturers of French and American Confectionery, embracing every
description of French Candies — including Caromels, Nut and Fruit
Confections, Toy Candies, Sugar Kisses, Stick, Fragment and Rock
Candies, including all the different flavors, with Gum and Fruit Drops
in every conceivable shajse — such as Pears, Peaches, Grapes, etc. They
are also large and extensive dealers in Holiday Goods, such as Toys,
160 PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — WASHINGTON.
Fire-Works and Fruit Baskets, handsomely arranged and very artistic,
suitable for j^resents and souvenirs.
Mr. Carl Mueller has a practical experience of thirty-five years as a
Manufacturer of Confectionery, and through the assistance of his son,
George J. Mueller, has been enabled to illustrate the fact that an estab-
lishment, founded on perfect business principles, combining the essential
elements that contribute to the production of a pure article, will meet
with that deserved success that always follows those who are deserving
public patronage.
Their place of business is centrally located on the Avenue, occupying
the entire building, including the extension built exj^ressly for the pur-
pose of introducing the modern improvements in machinery, and the
appliances of skillful labor in the various branches of the business.
ExniBTTioN AND Sales DEPARTMENT. — The first floor, on entering the
store, j^resents a' magnificent and varied appearance, being devoted to
the display and sale of goods, embracing an assortment of every class of
articles, both foreign and domestic. In the rear of which is located
the office, which is conveniently arranged for the transaction of the im-
mense business that is daily increasing.
The Manufacturing Department. — This building is of recent con-
struction, and was built and arranged expressly for the manufacture of
Pure Candies, and Confectionery ; the basement of which is used for the
storing of Molasses, Sugar and the raw materials used in the various
branches of the manufactured articles. The first floor is used for receiv-
ing and i^acking, and is connected with the upper floors by an
"Elevator," fui'nishing safe and rapid communication through the
entire range of floors. Here also are found the great blazing furnaces,
with " tanks " or '• reservoirs " filled with boiling molasses and sugar, in
front of which lay great broad cooling slabs of pure marble, on wliich
the moulten compound is poured and allowed to cool.
The second floor is devoted to moulding the common and cheaper
grades of Candy, or "Penny Goods" as tliey are known to the trade.
Here also is located the machinery for grinding Cocoanuts and other arti-
cles required in making tlie many varieties that are found in their exten-
sive catalogue. On this floor is located the great marble slabs upon which
the Celebrated Chocolate Caramels, that have gained such a world-wide
reputation, are spread and cut up.
Tlie third floor is designated the " Girls' Department." — It is here
that the tine French Rock and Fancy Candies are made and finished,
Gum Drops and Kisses are wrapped and prepared for tlie nuirket. The
Starch and Drying Room is also located on this floor. None but
the purest Sugar and Molasses are used by the Messrs. ]\lueller & Sou,
which accounts for tlie popularity of tbcir goods and their rapidly increas-
PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — WASHINGTON. 161
ing business. Such is the extent of his trade that he has four wagons
constantly employed on the street delivering orders.
Mr. Mueller is as mindful of his Stock as he is for the comfort of his
employes, for he has recently at great expense erected, in the rear of the
manufactory, a large and handsome stable, for the accommodation of
his horses. It is built in the most approved style, with a large ventilator
extending from the lower floors where the stables are located, to the roof
where it terminates in a handsome cupola. The floors are concreted, and
the bins are self-supplying. The upper rooms are used for feed, hat"^"
ness, &c.
In conclusion, it is but just to say, that the remarkable success of this
house must be attributed to the strict integrity of character, and faith-
ful adherence to honest dealing that has always characterized their
transactions.
The burden of the business falls on the shoulders of the son, Mr. Geo.
"W. Mueller, who is equal to the task, and in every way worthy the sue
cess that has attended his efi'orts. A young man of great energy combined
with strict business jirinciples, he is sure to reach a proud position
amongst the business men of the day.
WIIOIiESAI^E GROCERS AND COMMISSION
MERCHANTS.
BARBOUR & HAMILTON.
In Groceries, Foreign and Domestic, Washington takes rank among
the chief commercial Cities of the United States. Many of the most
prominent business men who have given it high commercial standing,
who have added millions to its substantial wealth, which in many cases
they have nobly used for the City's general welfare and improvement,
have been its Grocery Merchants. Prominent in this branch of business,
not only as regards the volume of business transacted, the extensive
stock on hand, and superior quality of their goods, but for sound
integrity, and commercial standing as honorable and upright dealers, is
the firm of Barbour & Hamilton, 637, 639 and 641 Louisiana Avenue,
Washington, D. C. This house was established in 1850, and since that
time has been the leading Wholesale Grocery and Liquor Establishment
in the District of Columbia. Recognizing the fact in the beginning
that the Capital of the Country was destined to be one of the hand-
somest Cities in the World, and that her inhabitants would necessarily
be comprised of tiie representative people, not only of the nation, but of
the whole globe, they determined to establish business on a scale
that would meet the requirements not only of the City, but one adapted
162 PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — WASHINGTON.
to the wants and demands of the surrounding counties. Their selections
of Sugars, Teas and the Staple Articles of their Trade, embrace all the
leading grades, and are sold at the same figures as those in the Eastern
Cities, they being in constant communication with the principal foreign
markets. They are also extensively engaged as Rectifiers of Spirits and
Wholesale Dealers in Liquors, of which mention may be made of Gaflf
Aurora Pure Rye Whiskeys, of 1873, '74 and '75 Vintage; John Gibson,
Sons & Co., Whiskeys of all grades, at Distillers' j^rices; Martinsburg
Pure Rye Whiskeys, Barbour & Hamilton's X, XX and XXX Rye Whis-
keys; all of which can be purchased at prices as low as can be obtained
from the Distillery. Tliey do an extensive business as agents in the
Urbana Catawba Wines, Devoe's Brilliant Oil, (considered the Safest
lllumina,tor in the World,) also for Harvest Queen Family, and Silver
Spring Extra Flour. A brand of Flour which calls for special notice is
their " Our New West, " Patent Process Family Flour, which is unrivalled
in the market.
Mr. Barbour attends to the financial department of the business, while
Mr. Hamilton attends to the purchasing, and it will not be amiss to state
that he is the best posted and closest buyer in the market.
WHOLESALE GROCERIES AXD LIQUORS.
FRANK HUME,
Successor to Pool & Hume, 454 Pennsylvania Avenue, illustrates the fact
that enterprise and energy, combined with strict integrity in business, is
sure to meet with success.
The establishment of Mr. Hume is centrally located on the Avenue,
and the several floors of the warehouse are occupied in the various
departments of his extensive business, giving employment to a number
of salesmen who are kept constantly employed in filling orders, both for
City and Country. Mr. Hume is thoroughly posted in every branch of
the Inisiness, and persons can order from a distance, with the assurance
that their wants will be supplied with first-class articles, and at prices
that cannot foil to give entire satisfaction. All goods are carefully
packed and delivered without charge to the different wharves and
dejjots.
Mr. Ilumc is Agent for Acme Family and Harijcr's Ferry Family and
Extra Flour, and Mt. Summit anfl IJrookfield Whiskeys. These Whiskeys
are especially adapted and suited for Family, Hotel and Bar use; also,
the "Tom Moore" Wwv \\\v iA' 18G8 Vintage. Mr. Hume's assortment
of Fancy Groceries, Canned Goods and Fruits is extensive, and selected
with especial care to meet the wants of his customers.
PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — WASHINGTON. 163
BOOTS AXD SHOES.
J. J. GEORGE.
The want of a perfect fitting Boot and Shoe, at the same time com-
bining elegance of style and finish, is a want that most persons have
experienced at some time in life. Mr. J. J. George, 2118 Pennsylvania
Avenue^ North-West^ Washington^ "ha?, a. practical experience of eighteen
years in the manufacture of Ladies' and Gentlemen's Footings. Mrr-
George uses none but the best of material in his work, and employs
none but the most skilled and finished workmen in the various branches
of the business. He pays special attention to the formation of the feet
in taking his measure, and by a system which is of his own adoption,
he is enabled to adajjt the Boot or Shoe to the shajDe of the foot, thus
ensuring an easy and well fitting article, that will never give pain or
obstruct the easy grace and movement that lends such a charm to the
graceful carriage of the promenader.
Mr. George has been for many years an exhibitor at the Montgomery
County Fair, and by the sujDerior excellence and durability of his work,
established quite an extensive trade. He makes a specialty of Sports-
men and Farmers' Boots, who are compelled to be exposed to the snow
and slush, and has prepared for their use a Leather Preservative and
WaterjDroof Oil Composition, of which he is the Sole Manufacturer.
The object of the Composition is to render the leather soft, pliable,
waterproof and durable. He presents each purchaser with a box of this
compound, which is found to accomplish all that is claimed for it.
Such is the reputation of Mr. George for first-class work, that he is in
daily receipt of orders from all parts of the country ; officers in the
Navy and Army ordering from their different Posts throughout the
United States.
Another specialty which Mr. George pays great attention to, is Goat
Skin Boots for Ladies, made strong and of exquisite finish, comfortable
and durable, and in great demand during the winter.
PAIXTS, OltS AXD VARNISHES.
GEORGE RYNEAL, JR.
The use of Paints for the adornment of habitations and their surround-
ings, is at once beautifying, preserving and sanitary, and no one has con-
tributed more to the improvement in this branch of business, than
George Ryneal, .Jr., Dealer in Paints, Oils, Window and Plate Glass,
Lamp Goods, Artists' and Wax Flower Materials, etc., 639 D Street,
164 PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — WASHINGTON.
North- West. The entire three story building is filled with Goods, apper-
taining to his business. The commodious sales and display room is
located on the first floor, and is under the immediate personal super-
vision of Mr. Ryneal, where will be found one of the largest and most
complete assortments of Lamp Goods, Artists' and Wax Flower Mate-
rials in the City. The Paints, Oils and Varnishes are principally con-
fined to the cellar, while the Window and Plate Glass, with the lighter
articles of the trade, are distributed through the ujjper floors. He is
also Agent for Johnston's Kalsomine and Fresco Paints and Masury Pre-
pared Cottage Paints. Circulars, including Sample Colors, are sent on
application.
Mr. RyneaFs business includes both a large City and Country trade,
and by his indomitable spirit and enterprise, has acquired a reputation
for strict integrity, fair dealing and business energy.
HEATIXCJ AND COOKIXG STOVES.
G. E. GARTRELL & CO.
The increase of manufactures and the rapid strides made within a few
years past, in all branches of industry, has brought many improvements
l^rominently before the public, none more so than those made in
Heating and Cooking Stoves.
Prominent among those who have by their experience and practical
knowledge introduced the imjjrovements mentioned, are the Messrs. G-
E. Gaktuell & Co., Dealers in Heating and Cooking Stoves, Latrobes
and Furnaces, No. 1815 Seventh Street^ North- West.
Mr. Gartrell has an experience of sixteen years in this business, and is
well qualified to realize the wants of the public.
Their stock, which comprises one of the most comjjlete in the City,
embraces the Highland Queen, which is extra large, the Iron King, which
is especially adapted for farmers who burn wood, the fire box being
extra large and suitable to their convenience. In their extensive assort-
ment, mention may be made of " Bibb's New Silver Palace," which is a
fire-place stove, and combines all the features of old style, with the new
inqjrovements for heating rooms above.
They call the special attention of Farmers to tlie " Harvest Home Range,''''
which is very large and suital)le for large families or boarding houses,
«S:c.
Their stock of Household Furiiisliing Coods is very comj)k'te, includ-
ing Tinware, Stove Fixtures, Wood and Willow Ware, and are sold at
prices that are beyond competition.
Tlie gentlemen comprising the firm are well known in Montgomery
County, who by tlieir ])uins-taking eflbrts have secured a large and
lucrative trade.
PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — WASHINGTON. 1G5
CXOTHING HOUSE.
A. SAKS & CO.
Among the many changes that have taken pl;..e in the last century, no
more radical revolutions has been accomplished than that in the cutting
and making of gentlemen's garments. Ask your grandfathers or grand-
mothers what trouble there was to clothe the boys, and they will tell you
that weeks of prei^aration were required to provide husband and child--
ren with the necessary Clothing for the season.
In that day the countryman and farmer who wore " store clothes " was
considered a dandy, and the great improvement is due to such houses as
that of A. Saks & Co. whose large establishments in Washington, Rich-
mond and Lynchburg, afford such excellent means for those whose purse
is either lean or fat, to be dressed in the most genteel and approved
styles at a reasonable cost. The cutting, making and trimming depart-
ments necessary to produce the goods these large houses demand, are
worthy of a visit, and some idea may be gained of the immensity of
their trade.
When it is stated that notwithstanding all the labor-saving machinery
employed, the firm have constantly at work on their goods no less than
one hundred and fifty Tailors ; often this number is increased to two hun-
dred and fifty. As Messrs. Saks & Co. are always courteous to visitors,
those desirous of first-class articles will do well when next in Washing-
ton to call on them, and they will be seen to leave 310 Seventh Street,
with jileasant recollections.
CIGARS AXD TOBACCO.
GEORGE W. COCHRAN cS: CO.
The establishment of George W. Cochran & Co., Wholesale and
Retail Dealers in fine Havana Cigars, Chewing and Smoking Tobacco,
1115 Pennsylvania Avenue, is the largest house South of Baltimore.
Here the lover of the Weed can find every brand of Cigar, ranging from
fifteen dollars to two hundred dollars per thousand.
Mr. G. W. Cochran, the senior member of the firm, established the
business in 1847, and by strict attention to business and a quick percep-
tion to realize the wants of the jjublic, has succeeded in building up the
extensive patronage now enjoyed by the firm. Mr. J. W. Wetherall, who
is associated with Mr. Cochran, is a practical and experienced Tobacconist,
and devotes his exclusive time and attention to the details of the
business. Mr. Cochran is a gentleman of enlarged business experience,
and endowed with great executive ability, which has placed him at the
head of several important enterprises, of which he is President.
166 PROJVnNENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — WASHINGTON.
OYSTER TRADE.
WILLIAM TURNER.
One of the important branches of trade in the District of Columbia,
is that of Oysters and Fish. Some idea of the amount of business trans-
acted in Oysters alone, may be inferred from the fact that over twenty
thousand bushels of Oysters are brought to the wharves per week, from
the 1st of September to the 1st of May, principally from the Potomac
River and Chesajjeake Bay.
One of the most prominent Dealers is Mr. William Turner, who
does the largest business in the District, in supplying Hotels, Restaurants,
Families, etc. Mr. Turner has an experience of twenty years in hand-
ling the Bivalves, and by his superior knowledge of the trade, combined
with his energy and enterprise, has thus succeeded in establishing his
extensive and lucrative business.
GROCERIES A^TD LIQUORS.
JOHN D. MANION,
Dealer in Groceries, Wines, Liquors and Cigars, Cm'ner Seventh and H
Streets, two llocksfrom the Seventh Street Wharf, has succeeded in establish-
ing a large and increasing trade in Fine Family Groceries, Liquors, etc.
His " Pimlico Club " and "Aurora " Whiskeys are pure, and are specially
used for medical and family purj)oses. Persons visiting the City by boat
will find a full and complete assortment of Staple Groceries, which Mr.
Manion delivers free of charge and safely packed for transportation.
FOREI<13f AXI> DOMESTIC I.IOIORS.
CHR . X AN DER .
It is of the utmost importance to the general trade throughout the
country that the prominent and leading houses in the different mercan-
tile pursuits should receive the acknowledgments of the public, pro-
vided they are deserving ot it. Perhaps there is no class of merchants
who are as liable to be mistrusted than those engaged in the Liquor
Business — therefore a great deal of care and judgment is exercised by
those wlio are desirous of selecting a reliable and resi)onsible liouse to
make their purchases. Such a gentleman and house will be found in
Mr. CuK. Xandku, 911 Seventh Street, Noi-th-West, Washingtmi, DistiWeT
and Rectifier of all kinds of Domestic Liquors, and dealer in Foreign
and Domestic Wines and Brandies. Mr. Xander has an experience of
PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — WASHINGTON. 167
fifteen years, and by strict attention to business, has secured a reputa-
tion second to none.
His stock comprises the finest grades of Pure Old Rye and Bourbon
Whiskeys. A specialty is made of the Old Gold Medal. These Liquors
are distilled from the purest materials and are especially recommended
for medical and family purposes.
He is also the Manufacturer of the Celebrated Tonic and Bitters, known
as " Milliston," compounded from the juice of the Wild Cherry, with the
extract of different herbs. As an appetizer, it is far superior in flavor
and effect to those usually oflered to the public. Planters from Mont-
gomery County in search of tine Liquors should give Mr. Xander a call,
where they will receive every attention and at the same time find it to
their advantage, as he is sure to have exactly what they desire.
WIXE AXD I.ITXCH noons.
MR. DAVID HAGERTY'S
Ladies' and Gentlemen's Lunch Rooms, Corner 7th and E Streets^ is a
popular resort for those who desire refreshments. Mr. Hagerty makes a
specialty of Mixed Drinks, and after an experience of eighteen years, he
certainly should be qualified to concoct a Punch or Julep.
RESTAIRAXT. .
MR. W. H. WILKENING,
Proprietor of this popular resort, 337 Pennsylvania Avenue^ is prepared
at all times to furnish the choice selections of the season, including the
finest of Wines and Liquors.
•'HOI.E IN THE WALL,."
FRANK HAGERTY.
This Restaurant is presided over by the popular Frank Hagerty, and
is located at 454 Louisiana Avenue, opposite the City Hall. The usual dis-
count of fifteen per cent, allowed on coin and curi'ency.
COLLECTION OFFICE.
WILLIAM H. BENNETT,
Constable and Collector, 476 Louisiana Avenue. Business intrusted to
Mr. Bennett will meet with prompt attention and quick returns.
108 PROMINENT MEKCANTILE FIRMS — WASHINGTON.
€1.4 RK HOUSE.
MR. LAWRENCE CLARK,
For twenty-five years a resident of the District, has established him-
self in the above house. Corner 7th and L Sts., South- West, opposite the
River Front.
John L. Clark, formerly of (ith and C Streets, North-West, chip of the
old block, presides in the otRce, where his friends will be sure of a
hearty welcome.
AMERICAN HOUSE.
DUFFY & LEANNARDA.
The American House, Coi'ner of Pennsylvania Avenue and Seventh Street.,
is the oldest established house in Washington, and having been recently
renovated and relitted, this house is prepared to oft'er great inducements
to the public.
To parties desiring to enjoy a few days in the city, this house especially
commends itself, combining home comforts with a Hotel table. Being
centrally located, within five minutes walk of all Railroad and Steamboat
lines, convenient to the Government Departments, and Street Cars pass-
ing the door in all directions.
To those of their old patrons in the County who have been familiar
with the House for years past it is unnecessary to speak further, and to
their friends, the Messrs. Duffy & Leannarda promise careful atten-
tion and a determination to please.
FREDERICK, MARYLAND.
"DII.I^ HOUSE"
PICKING & DEAN.
This popular House has recently been refurnished and renovated
throughout, while its central location, being in close proximity to the
Court House and Banks, makes it a desirable resort for those whose
business rciiuires them in this direction. The Proprietors, Messrs.
Picking & Dean, are gentlemen who know the requirements of guests,
and are always on the alert to supply their wants. Mr. Dean is a host
within himself, and from long experience is well qualified to realize the
wants of the public. He is the right man in the right jilace.
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