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REYNOLDS HISTORICAL
GENEALOGY COLLECTION

ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC L}pRA'J,X|

3 1833 01101 0797

THE

JIISTORY OF NEW ENGLAND

1G3 TO 1G4 9,

V. 1 "^

— ^sr— —
JOITX WINTH ROP, ESQ.

FUIST C-OVERNOril OF THE COLONY OP TUE MA3S A.CII -ITl-^ V \.Y.

lilS ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPT^

WITH NOTES ' '

T'..' Il.T.riTKATE

TUE CTUr. AND KCfLESTASTirAL COXCJ.RX^, THE GhOCnAPnY, SETTL!
MKXT, AXr» IN'STlTrriOX.-~ OF TIIF. rOrXTIlY, AXD Tin: LIVES
-V,Xl) MAXXEKS OF Tlli". PKLXCIPAL PLAXTEKS.

LY JAaIES savage, -"^-5 '

f-:ir?ir>ENT ok rriE MAStJACUtsETTS aisToaiCAL suciett.

A NEW EDITION, " ' - "

VvIIil ADDITION'S AND COr.UECTIONS BY THE FORMER EDrrOI:.

VOL. I.

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Saliu^st, Bell. JvgKnh. c. tv.

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UTILE, r.KO"VVN AND COMF-VNy.

In the Clerk's Office of the l>i=trict Court of t>.e y;>tric: of Massachusetts.

ALLEN AM) FAKMIAM, VF-JSTICRS-

PREFACE

TO THIS EDITION

For nearly six years vVinthrop's History of New Di^glaiid
has beeii Oii of priat. Moved by the steadily increasing int«T-
cst of i]b?i-al rnifids in i-ttidying the original materiaJ.a of onr
country's story, I acknowledge the duty of supplying some
addition and some correction to the results of my research,
bestowed v.iih so high delight on tlie former edition. Most of
the corrections are, indeed, too slight to be set forth here, and
may be passed, as they are generally introduced, in silence.
Of some it may be better to speak. A change will be observed
in the order of several of the family epistles, the most attrac-
tive part of the Appendix ; and this may be approved, or nor,
as the judgment of the reader decides on the chronological
arrangement, that depended on conjecture in a few cases, to
which this change relates. Citation of authorities, in works of
this character, is of prime importance ; and how the references
will be verified, should determine the manner in wliicli they are
to be presented. It seemed to me m.ost respectful to students
of these pages, who might prefer to search for tliemselves, to
assume that such inc^uirivs would be prosecuted in some pubHc
library, where the best editions of the authors to be consulted
are- to be found; and tliorefore my special citations from the
Magnalia are to be sought in the original London folio, of
MDCCII. Whatever value be set on that work of Mather, the

PREFACE TO TUIS EDITION.

learned author may justly claim, that his own divi?ion into
seven books, with cliapters and sections numbered, shall be
obeyed, instead of quoting the page of volume I. or II. of
a modern Svo. which, in decency, must preserve the same
books, chapter and sections, but otherwise n^ay vary with every
caprice. So too my respect for the History of Hutchinson, the
great authority for the early annals of Massachusetts, led me
to follow the pages of the London edition, thougli formerly I
had cited one of the Boston editions, in which the enuraeratio'i
is quite diverse from, the other.

Tl.Z^.:^.^i..^.l jf Ll-3 libtCii, Loth ill number tind substance,
pfHsds no specification. Some benefit hasfollowed from, one or
another in the preceding impression. To have been the means
of correcting no trifling error in such widely respected authors,
as honest Anthony AYood, the generous tory, and honest An-
drew ^Nlarvell, the uncompromising republican, is some reason
for rejoicing; but in charging, Vol. H. 241, the noble editor of
Pepys's Memou-s with mistake in the afliliation of Downing, I
am taugliT, by my own lapse, to rejojee with trembling. Eman-
uel is expressly called, by Hutchinson, Vol. II. 2, "father of Sir
George Downing." IMorc than a quarter of a century has been
enjoyed the satisfaction of uniting my name, in however hum-
ble degree, with that of the ever honored first Governour of the
colony of Massachusetts Bay; and I have not sliglited the op-
portunities for enlarging our aciiuaintance with his early family
relations, as tliey occurred in this country or in England.

Want of knowledge about two of the Governour's sons, was
especially regretted by his readers. That iM'ather, our first
resort, comuionly, In- iiistruction as to the founders of New
England, should give no light upon Forth, or t!ie younger so!is
of the Governour, is less observable than his errors about tlio
eld'st, whom lie parti(.-i!l--!rly <l('sired to honor, in iiis biography
of the first Governour of the United Colony of Connecticut:

niEFACE TO mis EDITION. v

His blunder as +o '-a liberal edncarioii at the University, first
of Cambridge in England, and t1ien of Dublin iji Ireland," that
misled Belknap, and others of our most assiduous inquirers,
may have an apology, since he seldom touched any thing that
he did not confoiuid, in his melting into one the education of
Forth and of John. Never was the latter, probably, at Cam-
britlge, unless for an hoiu- or two to visit his younger brother;
and he was only sixteen, when he went to Dublin. By the
Registrar of the University, who examined the records, at my
requc>t, in June, ISoO, it was cci-liiied, that Forth ''was matric-
nbted a Pensioner of Emanuel College on the 4th of July,
1626, having been admitted oxi the boards of th.at college iii
the ,p!-^x'i ding Apiil;'' and he added, '• J do not find thai any
other of ihe W'intlirop family were ever mernbeis of this Uni-
versity in the l.vih century." How little reverence is by the
-Magnalia given to exact chronology, the best eleniGnt of trutii
in liiitory, appears a few lines later, in telling of this son's elec-
tion, as a magistrate, "though not above twenty throe years of
age ; " v\-hilst only four sentences back he had given the true
date of his birth, and, in the same line with his heedless asser-
tion, had proved that he was more than twenty-iivi? years and
eight months old on iirst landing in the country. In fact, when
chosen, he wanted but three days of the age of twenty-six years
and three months.

The difficult question of the relationship between this Gov-
ernor of Connecticut and Hogh Peters has obtained solution
just as the later sheets of this work were passing under the
])ress. That Peters was an undergraduate, not sixteen years
old, at Canibridge, when the second wife of the younger Win-
ihrop was baptized, rendered certain our denial, tliat she was
liis daughter ; but my friend, Charles Deane, Es(|uire, of Cam-
bridge, who corroborated m_v opinion by strong statement of
tacts, after long fruitless search, accjuircd the probable expliea-

»:\

vi PKEFACE TO TliTS FDITION.

tion of the words of AVilliam-- and others on this snbject. His
first wife, the ^' g-cntleiuoman" of whom Petci:>, in his Legacy
to an only child, refers, was " one IVIistress Read, a widow-
woman, dwelling near unto him," when he taught a free schoo;
at INTaldon in Essex, or its vicinity, who befriended him in his
poverty, "had children, and an estate of two or three hundred
pounds yearly." I suppose she was some years older than this
new husband, bore him no ofTspring, and died, perhaps, before
coming to this country ; at Jeast Felt, in his list of members -ol
the church in the time of Peters, dues not shov\' her name. This
approach to explanation is gained from "the Life and Death
of Hugh Peters, by William Yoi;ge, Dr. Med. I^oiidon. 1603,"
a very carious, and more scarce tract The v^^ife of "Wiv.throji
was Eliz. daughter of Col. Read of Lssex.

Necessity of re-examining the question of authority of
Wheelwright's deed from the Jndians led to some more light on
a clear case; and it may seem to some that to this, as well as
the subject of claim to the title of first Governour of Massa-
chusetts in Captain Endicott or Roger Conant. too large room
is given. Exposure of the infirmity of mdiappy Thoma:^
AVelde, in his Short Story of the Rise, Reign, and Ruin of
Antinomianism, will compensate, I think, the curious hunter in
bibliography.

June, 1853.

PREFACE

O TilE SECOND EDITION

Early in th*- =pring of 1816 was discovered, in the tower of
the Old South Church in Boston, the third volume of the His-
iu; V of Nev.- England, in the original IMS. of the author, Johr.
Yv'inihrop, fir.-^t governour of the ^.lassachusetts Bay. AVhcn
tlic precious book vas presented to the Massachusetts Histori-
cal Society, at their next meeting, 25 April, the difficulty of
transcribing it for the press seemed to appall several of the
most competent members, whose engagement in more impor-
tant duties afforded also a sufficient excuse for leaving such
labor to be undertaken by any one, at any time, who could de-
vote to it many weeks of leisure. The task appealed inviting
to me. On the same evening the MS. was taken, and the
study of its chirography was begun, the next day, by the aid of
one of the former ?^ISS. collated v/ith the printed volume, usu-
ally called \Yinthrop's Journal. Of aU the thiee MSS. and of
the published Journal, a sufficient account may be seen in 2
Hist. Coll. IV. 200.

Before the collation of the former MS. with the volume
printed in 1790 had proceeded through many pages, the discov-
ery of numerous important errors scem.ed to make a nevv" edi-
tion of the earlier part of the History very desirable ; and when
v. transcript of the new-found volume was completed, my reso-
jutic.u was fL\c(}, that it should not be printed wltliout a perfect

viii PKEFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.

revision of the Journal. Notes, explanatory, in some instances,
of the text, illustrating, in some degree, the biography of many
persons named in It, and referring to better accounts of others
than I could furnish, were thought necessary. Several hundred
notes were prepared, and a careful collation of the whole print-
ed volume, for the second time, with the original volumes of
MS. was finished on 2 June, 1819. Being then required to
visit a foreign country, all my preparations were suspended
until I returned. Care, liowever, was taken to leave the cor-
rected copy of the printed volum.e, with my copy of the third
part, to be kept safely. Again called abroad in 1S22, I so
carefully disposed of my copy of the third volume, as to leave
it in a forgotten place, which afforded me the gratification of
iKakiag a new one, begun 8 December, 1823, and finished 30
March, 1824. This circumstance admonished me of the pro-
priety of adopting early measures for guarding against farther
accidents of that kind. Application was made, at the next
session of the General Court of tliis commonwealth, by the
Historical Society, for encouragement of the publication. In
consequence of the liberal aid of the Legislature, the volume
comes thus early before the public.

To the account of the tlirec MSS. above referred to, may be
added, that the whole had been in possession of Hubbard, the
reverend historian of Ipswich, who made the basis, and much
the uiost valuable part of his work, out of Winthrop's mate-
rials, using them commonly without other labor than literal
copying, and disposing them in a difTerent order. See page
297 of this volume, for an estimate of the value of that work.
Nor can I forgive the slight use of these invaluable documents,
which is evinced by i\Iathcr, the unhappy author of Magnalia
Christi Americana, who, in the hurry of composing that end-
less work, seems to have preferred useless quotations of worth-
less books, two or three centuries older, or popular and corrupt

PREFACE TO TKR SECOND EDITION. ix

traclltion=^, to fu- full mattor and precise statement of facts, «
dates, principles, and motives, famished by authentic history.
That he possessed these MSS. is plain enough from his cita-
tions of several passages in his Life of our author, book II.
cap. 4. Perhaps he grudged tlie time, which must have been
consumed by a devoted study of the volumes; for no other
excuse can I imagine for his clumsy abbrevi-'.tion of that excel-
lent speech in § 9, that will appear in our next volume. From
this mutilated transcript of iMather, we may presume, tl^e
authors of the Modern Universal History condensed and adorn-
ed, in vol. XXXDL 2Q1, 2, their report, as if deUvered in St.
Stephen's chapel, of "the foHo^v^ng speech, which is eqnal to
any tiling of anilqnity, whether we consider it as coming from
a philosopher or a magistTate.'' It may be seen, also, in the vul-
xiable Summary History of New England liy Hannah Adams,
79, 60. Agreeable as this eoinraendation of the London com-
pilers is, the original address from ^Vinthrop s own pen is far
superior to' their copy, and its simpUcity is injured by the^j-
decorations. One would as soon exchange a portrait of fall
size from the life for an engraving in duodecimo, as receive the
version of the oration in the Universal History for our author's
report of his " little speech."

These venerable MSS. afterwards were in the hands of
Prince, who us( d part of the lirst in compiling his Annals, IT.
Hutchinson, we know, did not enjoy the use of them.

Of the title of this work, it may be desirable for the reader to
understand, that it is the exact language of the author. In the
first volume of MS., indeed, it is not used, nor is any other
designation given to the book. But Prince labels it " History
of New England, by John Yv'inihrop, governcur of the Massa-
chusetts," and both the other MS. volumes begin, in the wri-
ter's own hand, '^ A ContimriLion of the History of New Eng-
. land." Perhaps it would be more gratifying, could we deter-

X PREFACE TO HIE SECOND EDITION.

mine, whether Vinti.rop det^igns-^d by this tr-rm the colony of
Massachusetts ojily, or all ihe country, before 36:38 and since
1660, usually called New England. It is plain enough, that,
in the early part of his worV, his regards arc confined to Mas-
sachusetts proper, cxclngive of Tdaine, NewJLimpshke, and
Plimouth ; nor is there, in later parts, so liberal a narrative of
those colonies, or of Ilhode Island and Connecticut, as we
should be liappy to receive froiu one so well acquainted with
the lustory of all. Johnson certainly means, by New England,
Massachusetts alone ; and I'h.' omission of regular notices, by
our author, of the annual eieclions, and, indeed, of all other
incidents in each of the other c<'lonies, excej)t those incident-s
had close- connexion vdth our uoiojiy, ieaves it beyond question.
that the name nrast have th:- sairic interpretation. Letters from
private persons on the other si-je of the ocean were frequently
addressed to John '\\"inihrc]->, i^ovcrnour of New England. Sir
William Berkley, lhe royal qovernour of Virginia, employs the
same style; and the king and eouncil usuaily designate this
colony New England. Fcrhnps the great confederation of the
four colonies in 1643, extended the name to them, or rather
deprived ■Massaehusett.s of its in^proper appropriation. 'The
next year the |)atcnt for Providence Plantations in New Eng-
land was obtained, which name would certaiidy not have been
allowed by their lieighbors witiiouL authority of parliament.

My duty has ralh-'d for a viry ?erupulous attention to the
exact phraseology of the original MS. and the reader may con-
fidently receive this text of Winlhrop for a cojTCct one, verified
by collation of his autograph at three several j>criods in ditler-
ent years. The integrity of the text has, indeed, been as great
an object of my labor, as the preparation of notes. Yet mis-
takes may have oreurred ; fi>r, ai. diiferent times, the same ,
word has sonielhees been variov. sly read by me. The venera-
ble authorities will remain in the archives of the Historical

PREFACE 10 THE SKCC^ID EDITION. xi

Society for my coiroction by any one, who doubts of the faith-
fuhiess of a single passage.

Perhaps some of my readers will be pleased with an expla-
nation of the style, or supputation, of the year. Before 1752,
the year Vv-as, by the legal method of computation, held to
begin on 25 March, Lady Day, or Annunciation, so caUed from
the notion entertained by the church, that the event recorded in
the gospel of Luke, i. 20—38, occurred on that day. The gen-
eral^actice of England had, inJ.-^ed, several jea-s earlier, con-
formed to that of the rest of Christendom, in making the first
of Januo,ry new years day; and the law, at last, followed the
popular wisdom, as usual, in the correction. Bat, In our au-
thor's tim.e, the custom coincided witl,> the law. It is of more
irnporiance, however, to remark, that, in reckoning the morths,
March was called the first, February the twelfth, September,
October, November, and December, then having, consistent
with their Latin etymology, the numerical rank, which is now
lost. Yet it is stiU uiore important to be noticed, that a very
dangerous diversity existed in styling the year by its old nume-
ral until 25 March, or giving it the new designation from the
beginning of that month. Li the Appendix, A. 37, 38, 39, 40,
our author dates the old year, and such course is generally fol-
lowed through the History, though sometimes he varied. I
have p.referred uniformity with his general custom. In the
Appendix C, Davenport and Gov. Eaton use 1638, where
Winthrop would have uTitten 1637. Numerous errors from
this source are observable in all the writers on our early his-
tory; and even the most careful sometim.es fall into them.
The accurate Hutchinson, I. 16, 17, mentions the purchase by
our company from the Plimouth council, 19 March, 1627, and
the charter from the king, confirming the same, 4 March, 1628,
in which we might suppose he followed the old style. But the
first election of olUcers, pursuant to the charter, on tlie last

xii PREFACE TO THE SECO^'D EDITION.

Wednc; Jay in Easter term, he makes 13 May, 1628, by which
we see his mistake. It was 1629.

All apology may be expected by the public for my references
to the edition of Morton's Memorial by Judge Davis, when
that work is not published. It is easily made. The work had
been several years nearly finished, when I began my labor in
1816; and the liberal editor, — liberal in every thing but with-
holding from the community the fniit of so many years acqui-
-sition, — allowed me freely to peruse his notes. His friends
might reasonably expect, that the volume would be soon issued
of which uineteen-twentieths had so long been printed. My
good fortune, however, permits the present publication to af>-
pear wii:hout th<: peril of a comparison with one, by which it
must be so greatly overshadowed. If that lojig-desired work
ia to be postponed during the life of the editor, the community
will gladly prolong their eager expectation.

For assistance received in the progress of my work, no other
acknowledgments than will be seen in the notes is required by
tlic living or the deail. But Hutchinson, Eliot, Bradford,
Prince, Hazard, and other deceased writers, — Holmes, Davis,
Allen, and other living ones, — are common property. The
freedom used by me in correcting their errors will, 1 hope, en-
title my humble notes to the same regard.

Hanc \eniani petijiiusfjue damus<yae vicissim.

It would be thought only a childish allectation to give here the
names of aU, who lent their aid in rendering this book minutely
accurate ; yet, after all my obligation to them, it is exjjedient,
for greater benefits than all their kindness bestowed, to relVr to
the free and unexhausted field, the soil of which is only par-
tially tiuned up to the day, that lies fur the cultivation of any,
in our Coloiiv, Couiviy, Town, and Church Records, whenr-e
the information derived will be equally abundant and authen-

PREFACE TO THE SEC()XI) EIHTIOX. xiii

tic. Thore is, however, one gcatleman, to v.iiom ray readers
will feel so much indebted, that to withhold his name would
be greater aifectation than to publish it. ?vly friend, James Bow-
doin, Esq., procured for me most of the articles in llic .Appen-
dix, especially the family letters, received from his cousin,
Francis B. Winthrop, Esq., of New Haven, which will, no
doubt, be tliought the most valuable appendage to the History
of their great ancestor.

The title page, dedication, and preface of the fojiiier fditio;]
arc here added.

J r II X A L

ti;an.sacti,oxs /vXd uccujiuexci-:'^ ix the settlk-Mknt cr

JS1ASSACI11\>ETT^> AND THE OTHER XEW EXGLAXD
COLONIES, FROM THE YllAH 1G30 TO 1G44.

AVniXTZX DT

Fini.r GOVEKNOIT. (..!■ ::*ASSACIIlsFi

.:,T> ^.'0^v fii;-i pudllshed vn'^.^r a coruect coi'V of thj

OTJHaXAL MAMSCIIII'T.

Utu-.JrsMi-j.; e.-ir. iuvabi; tai-ien. renua j-'.-ituciu iucmovhr. ipsuni cor.ru'.ui^v. — Tu. L;

HAUTE(;Rr):

I'RINTED V.X V.l.l<V.\ nABCOCK.

M DCC X';.

THE POSTERITY

JOIIX T^'IXTIUiOr, ESQ.,

TKE FOCXDKi: OK THE .M ASSACHISETT.S CoEOXV,

A.VD, ion JtA.W YEAKS,

TliK EATHEi: A-NL> TlfE GOVERNOUR OF 'iriAT IXFAXT ^^::TT^.E^I EN T.

iT"!]!? /nllciuiiig !5ouninl,

AVRii ri:y ey tueih ii Lrsir.u)i..s an'Ci.sto:;,
IS RKSPECTFUIJA' IXSCRIIiEi)

BY TllKlU MO-T (lUEUIK.NT,

i'.CllULK Si:KV.\NT,

THE EDITUH.

HvUTiuUD, Jili^. i:i»0.

THE EDITOirS PREFACE

I The follo-vving Journal was written by John "Wintluop, Esq., first

i governour of Massachusetts. This distinguished gentleman was born

1 at Groton in Suffolk, June 12, 15b7. His grandfather was an eminent

I lawyer, in the reign of Henry ATI!, and attached to the reformation.

! His father was of the same profession ; and the governour him.-elf was

! bred a lawyer, in which character he was eminent both for integrity

[ and abilities. Indeed, he must have had the fairest reputation; for he

I was appointed a justice of peace at eighteen years of age.
! "When the design of settling a colony in Xew England was under-

I taken, ]\Ir. .AVinthrop was chosen, with general consent, to conduct the

I enterprise. His estate, amounting to the value of six or seven hundred

' pounds sterling a year, he converted into money, and embarked for

j America, in the forty-third year of his age. He arrived at Salem, with

j the Massachusetts charter, June 12, lG-)0. lie was many years gov-

I ernour of that infant colony, and conducted himself with such address

I and unshaken rectitude, as to render his character universally resperta-

I ble among his cotem[)oraries, and his memory dear to posterity. He

i died March 2 G, IGl'J.

! Mr. "Winthrop kept a Journal of every important occurrence, from

j his first embarking for America, in 10;'.O, to the year lG-14. This man-

I uscri[)t, as appears by some passages, was originally designed for publi-

i cation ; and it was formerly consulted by the first compilers of Xew

; England history, particidarly by Hubbard, Mather, and rrince. But

^ it continued, unpublished and unco})ied, in possession of the elder bi'aneh

I of the family, till the late revolution, when Gov. Trumbull of Conncc-

i ticut procured it, and, willi the assistance of his secretary, copied a con-

; siderable part of it. Soon after the governour's death, a gentleman,

j who has a taste for examining curious original papers, which re.-jiect

I his own country, came, by accident, to a knowledge of this manu>eript ;

1 and, witli consent of the govei-nour's heirs, contracted for a copy, nuMely

I for his own improvement and amusement. (,)n reading the work, he

I found it to contain many curious and iiitere^ting facts, relating to the

THE EDITOR'S TREFACE. xvii

settlement of Massacliusetts and the other Kcw England colonies, and
highly descriptive of the character and views of the first inhabitants.
This suggested to hina the design of publishing the Journal complete ;
as any abridgment of it would tend to weaken its historical evidence,
and put [it] in the power of captious critics to impeach its authenticity.
By consent of the descendants of Governour Winthrop, proposals were
issued for publishing a small number of copies ; and the design is at
length accomplished.

The copy here presented to the public was made by John Porter,
Esq., the secretary of the late Gov. Trumbull, whose declaration
respecting its accuracy, is here annexed. It is an extract from his let-
ter to the editor : —

Lebaxox, Jannarj \^t, 178S.
Deak Sir,

Agreeable to your request, I send you a copy of Gov. "Winthrop's History. Tlic
tniTiscribing has required more labor than I at lir^t expcctea. I carefully examined
the original, and, on comparing, found many errors in the first copy ; 'svhich upon
further experience in reading tlie original, I have been able to correct ; as also to
fill up many blanks. This has caused me mucli study, and retarded the completion
of the business for some time. You will observe some blanks in the present copy —
some of them arc so in the original ; but, excepting the blanks, I believe this may
be depended on as a genuine copy.

I am, dear Sir,

■«ith sentiments of esteem,

vour obedient humble scr^-ant,

JOIIX rOllTER.

The original is in the hand-writing common to that age, and is not
read without dithculty. The lirst copy was made during Gov. Trum-
bull's life, and part of it by the governour himself. Tlic last copy,
here given to the Avorld, was taken from the first, and, throughout the
whole, compared with the original.^ The blanks arc few, and, as the
reader will observe, of no considerable consequence.

IMany parts of the work are not interesting to modern readers ; but
even these are necessary to give future historians an accurate account

1 Caution is due to the reader, lest by misunderstanding this lang-aago, the proper
merit of IMr. Secretary Porter be transferred to the Editor, wlu) as^;ured me, tliat he
never read the original. Tlic celebrated jihilologist, trho in Ititi KiujUsli hiito'unnj
til'imj.lial (.,■<,■ thr dljlinillifs of derivation in our etymology from Danish, Ku-si.in,
Irivli, AVolsli, German, hi-ii or low, Sanscrit, Persian, or Clialdec fountains iniuht,
nftir exhausting his patience, luive reputably shrunk from encounter witli the manu-
script of Winthrop.

xviii TJIE EDITORS PREFACE.

of the first transactions of the settlers, and furnish posterity with a pre-
cise knowledge of the characters and manners of their forefathers.

Important institutions, and the general complexion of national gov-
ernment, often originate in the most trivial circumstances, or the minu-
test traits of character; and without a detail of the most trifling facts
in the early history of New England, it will be impossible to understand
the nature of their present religious and political establishments.

But, however unimportant particular passages in the following Jour-
nal may appear to the body of readers, the substance of the work is
highly valuable ; and, it is presumed, the historian, the philosopher, and
the divine, will be gratified with a publication, which has lt>iig k,^ii ^i-.
desideratum among the licerati of the Now "World.

IL^HTFORD, Julf/, 1790.

[To c^-atify the last surviving son of Professor John Winthroi', F. R. S. I :-idniit-
ted.. in tlie fomer iIaprL■^sion, tliis curious cote on a separate pacre.]

''AT ^-5 Feast of S'- 3IichaeI, An^ 1C07, my Sister, y^ Lady Mild-
may, did give me a Stone Pot, tipjied and covered «•* a Silver Lyddr

Tnr. jiTiove memonuiduni was takeu out of my gre:it great f^rnnd-
fathcr, Mr. Adam "Wiiuhrop, hid noteSj and given me, October luth,
1707, by my cousin John Winthrop, relating to the Stone Pot, given
him by his sister one hundred years ago ; which Pot is now in my
pa??efsioa.

AIXUI WINTimOP,

the son of Adam — the son of i\dam — the sou
of John, goveruonr of Massachusetts — the
son of tho abovesaid Adam, to ■R-hora the I'ot
v/as at firet given.

Be it remembered, that the •' Stone Pot, tipped and covered with a
Silver Zydd," descended to me upon the death of my father in 1770 ;
and that it has, on this 2;)th day of September, 1S07, (being the Feast
of St. Michael,) been two hundred years in the family, and is now in
my possession.

• "\nLLLV3I WINTHP.OP,

the son of John — the son of Adam — the son of
Adam — the son of Adam — the son of John,
(govemotir of Massachusetts,) — the son of
Adaua, to whom the Pot ^as at first given.

REAnEP.s will ol.sen-e,_that, at the top of tlie pa.^c, stands the name of the jrovem-
oar for the time V-eing ; references iVo;a tho text to the notCc; are marked bv -Aa-fthic-k
numerals; M'-irds duiibtful in the ori.-iiuil are printed In Italic, as ou page 2eiG ;
words presumed to be detificnt arc jup;r!icd in brackets, as on page 19; ^\ord^ hav-
m^ a pen driivni tliron^^-h them in thi; original :MSS. arc denoted by a star before and
after, a5 on page 232; some important omissions in the Hartford edition arc
marked by a § before and after, as ou page 148 ; tlic diilVronce in some pavticiiTiT
places, befwcfn the correct rf^a-linu- -.md the erroncoT's oue of tlie first edition., i."
marked by firing tiie time word nrv/ord^ iu the text brts^-eeu parallel lines before
jiad ;:frer, aiid the v. loiij ".'.-urd or v.oriis ucrsveen similar liiics in tf-<e m.u-gin bclov,
Its on page 3.

In printing Jadia-i liames, the spidliag of originals, however various at diliVrcnt
times, is observed. Great lileral correctucss has been aimed at, and in general ob-
tained in printing these volumes. Other erroi-s may, certainly, be detected; bx;t all
that have met niv evo are noted iu the iMlov>-ing : —

EKTIATA.

1. I. page 6J,

ine CofiM

>;>:' 2, for Slanbwljf , read Stan

bridge

91,

" 8of:i

-te, fn- 106:?, read IH^.

" Ul,

" 11 of 1.

■ W, fur lust )i.,ir, ro:;d l:!-t note

bat on

\y,

I. II. •' 211,

" 15ofn

.I.'., foi- .]n,rr.l, riv.l .AlurvclL

THE

IIISTOEY OF XEW EN6LAXD

Ax.N-o Do;.ri.N[. 1030, JMar.jh 29. Movday.

Easter ^londay.] E-idixg at the' Cowes, near the Jsie of
"Wight, in The ^Vibeha,^ a ship of three huncbed and fifty tons,

1 Ttiis name lias been li.sually «pclt Araliella, and thus Xcal, Hntcfiinson,
Trumb;'!!. Dr. Holmes, and Ju;lg'' Paris, boM'ljs Eliot and Allen, in their Bio-
praphical Dictionarie?, following chiefly Josselyn and [Mather, have all \nirteit
it.- Other authorities, of less value, though of earlier date, may have strength-
ened th.e mistake. Johnson, -rIio probably was personally acquainted ivith the
fact, in Lis - Wonder-working Providence," doubles the letrerr; but the addi-
tional syllable gains little suji-'ort from a book, whose innumerable inaccuracies
of every sort can scarcely be accounted for bj- the circumstance of its author
living here while his work was printed at London. Tlie grandson of Sir Fer-
dinando Gorges, in his '• Ameripa paintpd to tlie Life," gives only a meagn^
abstract of Johnson, au'l adds nn cvitlence f:)r the common orthography. The
celebrated letter from tliese adventurers, tLited on board this ship at Yarmouth,
7 April, publi.-hed in London, 1G;10, found in Hubbard, 1-26-128, and the first
article in Hutchinson's Appendix, gives the true name. Ifubbard, in his narra-
tive of events during the life of Winthrop, Is indeed of very litde value, except
for the closeness with wblch he copies the Governors text. The unfailing accu-
racy of Prince led Imn beyond Hubbard to original private manuscripts and
the Colony Pvecords, for the exact spelling. I testify that su'h Is the ori;;InaJ
note of the meeting of tlie a-slsfants, 23 ]Nrarch. on board this ship.

The principal vessels, which brought our fuhers hither, are r:nicm.berod by
their de.-cendants vn'A\ no sn.all degi-eo of affe-tion. The Ma^ilower had been
a name of n.-no^vB. without fbiming part of ti;:s fleet, because in her came the
t'evotid pi,inter> of Plimouth, and she had also brought, in the year preceding
this, TOme of Higginson's comj.anions to Salem. Endicot and the first colonists

VOL. I. 1 _

2-' JOHN wiNTiiiior. [1630.

whereof Capt. Peter IMilborp.e^ v.-a? master, being rnamicd with
fjfry-tv.-o .-eamen, and iweui y-eight j^ieee? of ordnance, (the wind
coming to the X. by W. the evenin;^ before.) in the morning
there cume aboard u^ Mr. Cradock,- the late governoiir, and the
roa:;ter? of his two ships, Capt. John Lowe, master of the Am-
broc^e, and Mr. Nichoh^.s Hurlston, master of the Jewel, and Mr.
•Thomas Beecher,^ master of the Talbot, (which tliree ships rode

of ]\]:i.-!oliusett3 in lu2>^ ikiuaml our frratitude for the Ahi'jail. Bat the rir-
cumr--tani-"e of (.-hangin;;, '• in l^onour of the Lady" Arbeila, wife of Isaac John-
son, Es([., the original nan-e c;f this admiral. .ship, vhicli ■rca.s tlie Jy»JiL lui^t-s
us oonfiilont in the corrci^tnos-! of this name, while it plea.ses the imagination
that would honor the vessel. In liis epi.-tle to the Countess of Lincoln, wife of the
brother of this lady, Gov. Dudley uses the same letters with Winthrop, in whose
MS. the word is more plainly written than almost any other, and we cannot .sup-
po.so they could be mistaken in so simpli^ v. poi'it al'out one of tkelr niost iTjti-
mate irlonds. It was, theretuiv, only in compliuuee with popular f>L>idf)n. :th3t
this cn-or found place iti the fomi-,'r edit'on; a: -l we may now ho;-.- that, in
time to come, the correction will be alwa}'s rejrardod.

^ By the company records it api^eai's, the master owned one ei-^^hth of the
ship. ' "

- ?\Lnthew Cradock, it i.s certain, never came to our country, though he
iiiai.'italiied a small plantafiou Tor fishing at Mistick, in the present bounds of
Maiden, opposite to "Wintlirojj's farm at Ten Hills. He was long honoured in
our aTiiiual regi>ters as fir^t governour of the colony : yet. a? he was in fact
only t'.iu h*/;' 1 of a commi-rcial company in England, not ruler of the people,
his si'rvi.,es are adequately aelcnowledged witliout retaining his name in that
most Vf.^pectaMe list. To him i.s dire the honor of the propo.>al, 28 July, pre-
cedijig the da.o of corann'nrt-ini'iit of this lIi.-,tory, tor transferring the govern-
ment trom' the company in LaihUju to the inhabitants here, — a measure, of
which the benefit was f>-lt moru and mure every year till the independence of
the Tnired St^ates, with vhicli iu- •.vunexion Is apjiarent. This fact is by
rrince, L 189, verified from the records of that day. His death I refer to
1644, for in our county registry are found decd^ of that y.\ar from his agent,
and in tiic n-^xt year from th.e agent of his executors. A descendant, George
Cradock, K-[.. is menti.>nL-d by L'oiigla.ss and IIui<:hinson as an inhabitant of
Boston.

8 Tiic same master, in the ^aPiie ,-hip, Jiad tlu' y^nr be?)re brought to Salem
tlie venerable Iliggin^ou, the fatlier and pattern of the Xew England chrg-.-.
IIi.s f.-Iatiun of tl'.e voyairi-, printed at London, IGoO, i.s preserved in IFurchinson's
" Collection of Papei-s," and more corn-ctly by Young. Hubbard, 12'^, makes this
name Bcii/her; u;it tl.!.-^ is pc luqw a lui.'^print, for Higgiu.<on gives it like Win-
thix.p, cxi-L-pt tluit his tir>t .syllable has but one e. Thomas Beecher is amonj
th(> early ni.uil>ers of Bost.m ( h..i->Ii, being No. 112, ,\nd he was a representa-
tive horn Chiu•lesto^\•u iu tiie first year, and often afterwards. Ho was bv

1^^3^'-j JOIIX WTNTIFKOP.

the,, by,, ..-the Ci,n,-l,«s, ,h. Mavflower, the Willi,,,, „„,

-iTaac. the HopeweU, the Whale, the S.,ece.. and the T l"

-n,, snU at Ha,.pr„„^,nd not ready,) when, upon co I-, , ^

Lr i , r ^'" "'""' '^"^' — rtain when the . . ,V
th- heet wald be ready) the.e four ships shcild eo„.o-r to
^e h„ ,he Arbella to be admiraUhe Talbot: vice-ad™i nd
the Ambrose rear-ad,niral, and the Je^-el a captain ; anda ■' '^
eordtngly an.eles of eonsortship were drawn bet^-ee, 4e <a;d
™„a.ns and masters; wherenpon Mr. Cradoek tooi: ' -.: o
u., and ottr capta,„ gave him a farewell witl, fot. or five =1,.-,;
■ Abou ten of the elock we weighed anchor and set soil vid,

".<■ -md at N., and ,....,„e to a„ anchor again over a^ai ." Ya

chored b. u. Here we n,et with a ship of Hampton, called

iut,.d h T" r ' ™'"" '■'■""' ^'''S'"'^'- Oor captain sa-

luted her, and she us again; and the master, one ]^h. rbl.nkl
&™-.S came on board ottr ship, and staycl with ns abo'u- hvo
or three ^hours, and ,n the n.eantime his ship came to an nn-

Tuesday, 30.) In the ntornin.^, about ten of th,- clock, tl,..
V nd be.ng come to the W. with fair weather, we w-eiehed and
rode ,tea,-er^arntotuh. W.™ we came before the iown, the
ca,tle put torth a flag; our captai,, saluted them, and ;hev
an.we.-ed us again. The Talbot, which rode farther off. salute^
III'' ca.stlo also.

Here we saw, close by the shore of t!,e Me of Wi^hr. a
D.'ch s„p o, one thou.sand ton., which, being bound « the

;:;:,""'' '""'■'' "P"" -^ "«■'<• ""<• bei„g forced to ntn ash

to^a^c her men, could never be weighed since, although she

___^ lltlilther tlie rutWerK

tl'e ru-noral Court, in .AI.tv, lO.Jf; Col I\. . i i-„ ^ ^ ~" '

^on at Castle M.nd." IlL'^.^I ^I'm^ ^'T . ""^'"'^ "' ""

*_ Tlii.. j„,rt is usu.allv callcfl .^nurl,.-uri..r.-,r

; J ;-;-t sntisfoctorilv n^alc. .ut iUU ..an. from the MS., but a.n c-.n.i,..-.I

^•> in n.o p ';;:;"''" "" ""^^ "' '" ''^^"'^ ^" Hig^-sou-. ;ova^., anu was

.4^ JOHN AVINTHROP. [1630.

lies a great height above the water, and yet she hath some men
aboard her.

Wetbiesday, 31.] The wind continued W. and S. W. with
rain. Our captain and some of our company went to Yar-
mouth for supply of wood and other provisions; (our captain
was still careful to fill our empty casks with water).

Thursday, April 1.] The wind continued very strong at W.
and by S. Y.-iih much rain.

Friday, 2.] We kept a fast aboard our ship and the Talbot.
The wind continued still very high at W. and S. and rainy.
In the time of om- fast, two of oiur landmen pierced a rundlet
of strong water, and stole some of it, for which we laid them
in bolts all the night, and the next morning the principal was
openly whipped, and both kept with bread and wvAer that dav^

Saturday, 3.] The wind continiTed still at W. and wlih con-
tinual ctorms and rain.

Sunday, A.] Fair, clear Vv'eather. In the morning the wiiid W.
and by N., but iji the afternoon S. S. AY. This evening the Tal-
» I bot weighed and went back to the Cowes, because her an-
chor would not hold here, the tide set with so strong a race.

Monday, 5.] The wind still W. and S. with fair weather.
A maid of Sir Richard SaltonstalP fell down at the grating by
the cook-room, but the carpenter's man, who occasioned her
f.all unwittingly, caught hold of her \\-ith incredible nirableness,
and saved her; otherwise she had fallen into the hold.

Tuesday, 6.] Capt. Burleigh, captain of Yarmouth castle,
a grave, comely gentleman, and of great age, came aboard us
.and. stayed breakfa.-t, and, oirfrlug us much coiurtesy, he de-
parted, om- captain gi\ing liim four shot out of the forecastle
for his farewell.- He was an old sea captain in Queen Eliza-
beth's time, and, being taken prisoner at sea, was kept prisoner
in Spain three years. Himself and three of his sons were cap-
tains in Roe's'' vovagft*.

^ A copious coIU'ction of bioj^rapliical mi-moirs of this gontlemau and his
descendants, uf \shuni our country has justly lioeii proud, may be seen m 2
llldt. Coll. IV. 151-1';8.

- He had pai 1 kind attL-ntion to Ili^'LTia-^on the year before.

3 Sir Timr'.ns R<'0 was naiucl hy tlie kiii;^ to bt; of the eouncil in the
second cliarter of Vir^iuiia in ^lay, IGO!), and wad in the t-anie year sent by

1630.] JOTTX WDsTHROP. '5

The wind was now come about to N. E. with vorv fair
weather.

In the afternoon ]\ir. Cradock came aboard ns, and told i^.s,
that the Talbot, Jewel, and Ambrose were fallen down i:''.To
Stoke's Bay, intending to take their way by St. Helen's Po';u,
and that they desired we could come back to them. Hereirrfn
we came to council, and wTote unto them to take tlie ti--^:
opportunity of the wind to fall down to us, and Mr. Cradvk
presently went back to them, onr captain giving him three shot
out of the steerage for a farewU.

Our captain called over oiu landmen, and tried them at tlieir
muskets, and such as were good shot among them were en-
rolled to sen,'e in the ship, if occasion should be.

The lady Arbella and the gentlew-omen, and Mr. Johnson^
and some others went on shove to refresh themselves.

Priuce Ilenrv to t'Xj>Iore the coa.-t of Guiana. Ou t'ne ilariiierou.s sliores at :!it^
mouth of the Oronoco he labouie'l iiiaiiy mcmths wit'a great diligence. ;>::.i
ascended the iraracrnon three hundred miles. After his return in I'ill. ht'
became a politician, was a cieuioer of parliament, and support<id the rig'.i.* of
tlie people iu IGU. After that \car he was employed, first at the in.-;r;iuc,> vif
tlie Ea>t India Company, iju :--ven;' eaibassies. Of these his own n'-.i-ioij.
afrer lyina in nianus'.'ript nioix- than a century, was given to the pr>'<^ ; 1 ;;;, I
believe.no account is extant of his vonige to America. He sat 'uth -t-iiM
Selden for the Univer.-ity of Oxford in the Long Parliament, and d'ed ,li;n;ig
the .ivll war. having obeyed th.e call of the king in January, 1844. tor as-iiv-
blir.g at Oxford, while his colleague ailhered to the majority of the Couiuions
at Westminster. Such was the separaciou of true patriots frequently occur-
ring in the contest; and the best men of cither side. Hampden and Lord Faltv-
land, were haj.py in meeting early death. He was one of the forty, isicorpor-
ated in 1G20 as the Plimouth Council, whose names mav be seen in Bdkr. <p"s
Xew Hampshire, L 1-2, and Hubbard, 217.

I Of tliis gentleman, tbnnerly regarded as the founder of P>o^ton. where it is
not probable that he ever passed a single night, an intiTc-tin:.'' account n::iy 1\'
found in Hutchinson. L 22. to which neither myself nor Snow, the uiiigcnt !;Is-
torian of Boston, have been able to make mucli addirinn. From t'l.- \'.-<t
"volimie of our Probate Records it maybe seen, that lu^ was the mo-t 'c'-t.'!
contributor to the company's funds. His early delith prevented him i'rfn:-i i ..:t-
tribnting much to the stability of the colony he so a--idiioii-;;y jiroiix'.^ I ;it
home, for I find no mention of him in our records, but at the Court 7 Se|-."crii-
Wr, and again, IS of same, acting wirh Winthrop in taking ir.q'.ii-:!:"!" ;it
Ch.irle-town upon one of their company, who died after short illn« -s. lb- will,
n-ade only three weeks before embarkation -with our fathers, obtained Uy me in
1*

•6^ JOHN ^VINTIIROP. [1630.

«^ Wednesday/ 7.] Fair weather, the wind easterly, in the

morning a small gale, but in the afternoon it came about to
the south. This afrernoon our other consorts came up to us, and
about ten or twelve Flemings, and all anchored by us, and the
masters of the Jewel and of the Ambrose came aboard us, and
our captain and they went on shore.

Towards night there came from the W. a Fleming, a small
man-of-wor, with a Brazil man which he had taken prize, and
came to anchor by us.

Thursday, S.] About sLx in the morning (the wind being E.
and N. and fair weather) we weighed anchor and set sail, and
before ten we gat through the Xoed!t>s, having so little wind as
we had much to do to stem the tide, so as the rest of our fleet
(we being nine in all, whereof some were small ships, which
were bound for Newfouiidlniid) could not <?et out all thei: till
the ebb. In the afternoon the wind came S. and AV. and we
Avere becalmed, so as being not abir- to get above three or four
leagues from the Needles, our captain tacked about^ and putting
his fore-sheets aback stays, he stayed for the rest of the tleet,
and as they came by us we spake to them, and about eight in
the evening we let fall an anchor, intending to stop till the ebb.
But before ten nt night the wind came about to the N. a good
gale; so we put up a light in the poop, and weighed and set
sail, and by daylight, Friday 9, we were come to Portland;
but the other ships being not able to hold up with us, we were
forced to spare our mainsail, and went on with a merr}'- ^^ale.
In the ||morning|l we descried from the top eight sail astern of
us, (whom Capt, Lowe told us he had seen at Dunnose in the
evening.) We supposing they might be Dunkirker.-^,- our
II nigl.t II '

a certifiL-il 0'ij)y at Doctor's Conmions, is printed in 3 Mass. ITist. Ci'II. ^TTI.
244.

1 On this (lay the ailiniraWe lottt^r '-to the rf<t of tlu-ir brethren in lu^c[ of
the Chureh ot' Encrlaml " was nddrcs.-ed by our adventurous pilcrrims from Yar-
mouth, alioard tho Arlx-Ua. It is most appropriately piven by llutrhinson as
the first article in the Appendix to his t'lrst volume. Ouh- seven of the signers
are named, iu the 4io p;<,nij.h!et, printed for John I>ellamie, London. lt;;l(t,
whence Hubbard. l-2>>, derived it

* Dunkirk was tlien part of the Spaui.-h Netherlands, and the ^var Lctweoii
Kngland and ^-p.iin lasted till December ibllowing.

1G30.]

fOIIN' ^VIN'TIIROP.

captain caused the gunroom and gnndcck to be cleared ; all
the iiammocks were taken down, our ordnance loaded, and oiir
powder-chests and fireworks made ready, and our hindmen
quartered among the seamen, and twenty-five of them appoint-
ed for muskets, and every man \\Titten down for his qnarier.

The wind continued N. [blank] with fair weather, and after
noon it cahned, and we still saw those eight ships to stand to-
wards iw ; having more wind than we, tht-.-y came up apace, so
as oar cajitaLn and the masters of our consorts were ni.ore oc-
casioned to tliink they might be Dunkirkers, (for Ave were told
at Yarmouth, that there were ten sail of them waiting for us;)
whereupon we all prepared to fight with them, and took down
some cabins which \s^ere in the way of our ordnance, and out
of every ship were thrown such bed matters as were subject to
take fire, and we ht'aved ou< our h^ng boats, and put up our
waste cloth^, and drew forth our men, and anp.ed ih-m with
muskets and other weapons, and instruments for Jnevv'orks;
and for an experiment om* captain shot a ball of Avild-ni-e fast-
ened to an arrow out of a cross-bow, which burnt iii the water
a good time. The lady Arbella and the other women and chil-
dren were removed into the lower deck, that they might be out
of danger. All things being thus fitted, we went to prayer
upon the upper deck. It Avas much to see how cheerful and
comfortable all the company appeared; not a vroman or child
that showed fi ar, though all did apprehend the danger to have
been great, if things had proved as might Avell be c\[iccted, for
there had been eight against four, and the least of the enemy's
ships were reported to carry lliirtA- brass pieces; but our trust
was in tlie Lord of Hosts; and the courage of our captain,
and his can? and diligence, did much encourage us. It was
now about one of the clock, and the fleet seemed to be within
a league of us; therefore our captain, because he would show
he was not afraid of them, and that he uiight see tiie issue be-
fore night should overtake us, tacked about and stood to meet
them, and when we came near we perctnved them to be our
friends, — the Little Neptune, a sliip of some twenty pieces
of ordnance, and her two consorts, bound for the Straits; a
ship of ji Flushing,!! ^""-^ '^ I'renchni:ui. and three other English
jj Ilainjisliiro.ij

S JOITN T\TnTIIROP. ngoQ,

»- ships bound for Canada and Newfoundland.^ So when wc
. drew near, every ship (as they met) saluied each other, and
the Ijmnsketeersjj discharged their small shot; and. so (God be
praised) our fear and danger was turned into mirth andfriendlv
enTHrtainment. Onr danger being thus over, we e^^pied two
boats on fishing in the channel; so every of om- four shins
manned out a sivi!]'. and-we b(Hig!it of them great store of ex-
cellent iresh fish of divers sorts.

Saturday, 10.] The wind at E. and by N. a handsom.e gale
wdth fuir weather. By seven in iht morning Ave were come
over agrunst Piimouth.

About noon ihe Avind slacked, and we were come within
sight of the Lizard, and towards night it gi'ew very calm and a
gi-eat fog, so as our ships made no way.

Th^s afternoon :\h. Hur!.t(^r;, the master of ih: Jewel, QHirtr
aboard our ship, and tnu- captain went 'in his sldlT aboard the
Ambrose and the Xi^prune, of which one jNIr. Andrew- Cole
was master. There he M'as Told, that the bark AVarwick was
taken by the Dunkirkcrs, for she came ^!ngle ont of the Dowtis
about fourteen days since, intending to come to us to tiie
AA'igiir, bur was n-.cr heard of ^moe.^ She was a prettv ship
of about eighty t(nis and ten pieces of ordnance, and was set
out by Sir Ferdimmdo Gorgns.-^ Capt. :\Iason, and others, §fbr
discovery of the great lake in Xew England. § so to have inter-
ii 'May flow- tT a:;:] oursli

1 Joliiison, Ub. T. c. 14. nuikes tlio nnrj.u- of tk.c suspiring., .ail only f^iin
J;ut t'-nwrh he was. i ].:v.-;ime, a ].u»on--T In the Hoft with Wintlir'op. Lis
.story Mas probably coiiiiinrt.-d to j.apcr lonpr after the cvent:^. Prince, L •20.-)-.],
pot into cont'usion bLtueen Johnson antl Ilubbanl, and follov.e.l the care!c>?-
m-.-ofthe iauer, 12:t, nho represents these ship.-; as "the rest of the tleet,"
wliieh. \vo ku(jw from Dmlh-y, .[iil not sail before May.

2 i>he was not taken, but I:a.i put Inf. Plymoudi, whence Ambrose Gibb-ns,
apnssen-crlu her, wn.ie s April to j.is en.j.loyers; and slie came satelv to
CorLce.s'.s pla;:t;v.i(.rt ar I'is.M'a.nu;. as Evre ia Lis fetter next vear a.>knowled'"e<.
Belknap. X. 11. I. Api'.eu.Iix li.

3 Of Gcr-es a.ul .M.-on, -.vhose names f.v.iuently.o.-cin- in ihh IlistorA", no
inore perf. ct aecouuD r;;ii be expec',d, than is furnished hy \h: P.elknap in the
fii-st v..b„!i.. of his a.l-'::irabie Anierir.-oi r.if.-rnohy, thou-Ii wc must regret,
tli;.: t!.,. inionualio!. ab.uu :\Ia.o:i is v,-ry :!ij,t. Th.o ntann.T in Avhieh, in tliis
work, .Ma.son's death is related, sub an. loJ'i and 10 JO, Is uuu h to be reirretted.

l^-^O.] JOnx YMXTIIROP.

c.'pt..! The trade of beaver. The master of her was one Air
-^ Aveutlierel , whose father was master of one of the cattle .h = n."
w hich we left at Hampton. ^ ^^ '

This day two young n.en, falling at o<Ids and fightin.., con-
trary to the order, wlach we had published and se^ up In til
sfup were adjudged to walk upon the deck till night wuh their
iKUKls oound behind them, which accordingly was executed-
and another man, for using contemptuous speeches in o.u
presence, was laid in bolts till he submitted himself, and prom-
ised open confession of his offence. '

I should have noted before, that the day we set sail from the
'^ou es, my s,.n Henry ^Vinthrop went on shore with one of
my s.rvanr. to fetch an ox and ten wethers, which he had *^
pxovuled ior om ship, and there went on shore with him, Mr
K.ham^ a.d o.e of his s.rvon.s. They sent the cattle ab^^^d;
bat rettuned not themselves. About three days after, m^- .e^-

and old us they were all conung to us in a boat the dav be^
We, but me .-ind was so strong again.t them, as they were
^--I on shore mthe night, and the two servants came to

and Mr. Pelhan. (we heard) went back to the Cowes and so
to Hampton. A^ e expected them three or four davs after, be.t
ley cam., not to us, so we have left them behind, and sur>
p.^ they U.11 eome after i,t Mr. Goife's^ ships. We were ve^v
^orn they had put theznselves upon such inconvenien<.e. whe,',
rneywere so well accommodated in our ship. This wns not
J'-'ed bel.iv. because we expected dally their return ; and upon 1

t'"-^ oc-cas,ou J nu.st add here one observatio.i, that we },ave
nnmy yo„ng ^.entlemen in our slup, who behave themselves
v.ell, and are cnformable to all good orders. 1

A. nuhop. f.>;n.d ,,, H.t.b. Coll. .P, th ,t this ...ntlcman .as hi. h,.„t!.... Th. |

1 t'laaiu.
T]i!jma< (ioti;- 1

tl.o Vow Pr, ■; ' ^' ;'■" ■' "•^■'■"^'^"^ "^' ^-"'J'^"' ^a.l K.en an ndvcutuu-v ni

--;r.S ::';!: ""''ir'' "■' t^^ '^"^ ^'^ '^^'^ ^•=-'^''-^' i--- • •-- —

"'lun^ , arid wa. a: thi.. tiiue an a<.i>tant.

10 joid; ^nxTHROP.

[1630.

About toil at night it cleared up with a fresh gale at N. and
oy AV., so \\ e .-{ood ou oiu- coiusc merrily.

Sunday, 11.] The wind at N. and by W. a very stiff gale.

About eight in the morning, being gotten past SciUy, and
standing to the W. S. \Y. we nief two small ships, whieh f:dl-
ing in among u^, and the Adtniral coming under our lee, we let
him pass, but the J»>wel and Ambrose, perceiving the other to
be a Brazil man, ami to take tjic wind of us, shot at them and
made them stop and fall after us, and sent a skiff aboard them
to know what they were. Our captain, fearing lest some mis-
take might arise, and lest they should take them for enemies
whieh were friends, and so, through the unruliness of the mari-
ners some wrong might be done them, caused his skiff to be
heaved out, and sent Mr. G'/v/rtN,^ one of his mates and our
pilot, (r! d isrrci't man.) to see liow things were, who retiu-n /d
soon after, and brought with hirn the master of one of the
sltips and r^lr. Lowe and iVIr. Hurlston. When they were come
aboaxd us, they agreed to send for the captain, who came and
t-howed his conmiission IVom the Prince of Orange. In con-
clusion he proved to be a Dutchman, and his a man-of-war of
Flashing, and the, other ship was a prize he had taken laden
with sugar and tobacco; so we sent them aboard their ships
again, and held ozi our course. In this time (which hindered
us five or six || l(>agues||) the Jewel and the Ambrose came foul
of each other, so as vre nuich feared the issue, but, through
God's mercy, tuey came well off again, only the Jewel had her
foresail torn, and one of her anchors broken. This occasion, '
and the sicknes.- of our minister and people, put us all out of
order this day, so as we could have no sermons.

IVIonday, 12.] The wind more large to the N. a stiff gale,
with fair wearlier. In th.e afternoon less wind, and our people
began to grow weli ai/ain. Oiu children and others, that were
sick, and lay groaning in the cabins, we fetched out, and hav-
uig stretched a rope from the steerage to the mainmast, we
made them stand, .^om.- of one side and .^ome of die other, aad.
II day.il

1 lie v.-as ;tft...r^v -n!^ iii.i-ter o;" a ve-^^'!, i^^rliaT.s, iu *e\oi-al vnya^e<, and. I
thuik, <ot(k'(l in our (.oimtry; IViiuo, JI. J, makt-s him A nar-admiraL

I '"50.1 JOIIX ^nXTI! ICOP. jj

.'.vay it up and do-u-n till thoy vrere warm, and l)y this means
th«'y c^oon grew well and men- v.

Tuesday, 13.] The night before it was calm, and rhe next
day cahn and close weather, so as we made lirtle way, tli-
wind wiih us being W.

Wednesday, 14.] I'he wind S. W. rainy woathcr, in the
morning.

About nine in the forenoon the wind came about to N. N.
W. a stitr gale; so we tacked about and steered our course w!

This day the ship heaved and set more than before, yet we
Jjad ilbat few I! sick, and of these such as came un up'on the
oeck, and stirred Themselves, were presently well a^ain ; there-
fore our captain set our childi-en and Pyoung|| m^n to some
).:in:i..'.s -xen-is,-. which the seamcu-were very active iu, aRo
dul our people much good, though they woidd 'sometimes' ploy
{.>'• wags with them. Towards nisht we were lorc<^'d to take
in some sail to stay for the vice-admiral, which was near a
I'-'agui- astern of us.

[Large blank.]
Thur.day, 15.] The wind still at X. N. W. fair weather,
but less wmd than the day and night before, so as our ship
ni'ide l,nt bttle way. ^

Ar noon our captain made ob>ervation by the cros.-ta(T,
an.l round we were in forty-seven degi'ces thirty-seven min- *^^
i5t.'s north latitude.

A!! this forenoon our vice-admiral was much to Reward of
"-: .-o atrer dinner we bare up towards her. and havin- fetched
'"•'•• np and spoken with her, the v/ind beim^ come to S W
y t.,...d about and steered our cour.e N. N. W. lying as near
•'^ ^^ in.i us we could, and about four of tlie clock, with a stiff
i'-. we steered \y. and by X. and at night the wind grew yery
'^ r-^H- v.lijcn put us on to the W. amain.

. About ten at night the wind gi-ew so high, and rain withal,
'• •'• we were forced to tak. in our topsail, and having lowered
;- "Kunsad and foresail, the sto.m was so ^-ear as it >p!it our
' •■ -'•' iiud tore it in pieces, and a knot of the se;^ washed our

12 JOIIN WTXTHROF. [1630.

tub overboard, AA-hnrcin our fish was a-watering. The storm
still i.n'ew, and it was dark with clouds, (though otherwise
moonlight,) so as (though it was the Jewel's turn to can}' the
light this night, yet) lest we should lose or go foul one of
another, we hanged out a light upon our mizzen shrouds, and
before midnight we lost sight of our vice-admiral.

Our caj>tain, so soon as he had set the watch, at eight in the
evening called his rufu, and told them he feared we should have
a storm, and therefoi-e commanded them to be ready upon the 1

decic, if occasion should be ; and himself was up and down the I

decks all times of the night. |

Friday, 16.] About four in the morning the W'ind slacked a I
littU:, yet it ctmrinned §a great storing still, and though in the |
afternoon it |j blew not || much ^xdnd, yet the sea was so high as |
it tossed us more than before, and we carried no more but our I
mainsail, yet our ship steered well wdth it, which few- such ships |
could h.ave done. I

About four in the afternoon, the wind still AY. and by S. and 1
rainy, we put on a new foresail and hoisted it up, and stood |
N. \Y. All this day oiu: rear-admiral and the Jewel held up
with us.

IMiis night was very stormy.

All the time of tlu' storm few of our people were sick, (jj -ex-
cept ih<' woiuen.|| whci kept under hatches,) and there appeared
no fear or disruayeuu(\s anunig them.

[Large blank.]
Saturday, 17.] The v/ind S. W. very stormy and boisterous.
All this time we bore no more sail but our mainsail and fore-
sail, and we steered our course W. and by X.
^ This day our cajitaiu told me, that otir landmen were very

nasty and sloveuly, aud that the gundeck, where they lodg-
ed, was so beastly and noi-^ome with their victuals and beastli-
ness, as Vv'ould nmeh endanger the health of the ship. Hereupon,
after prayer, we took order, and appointed four men to see to
it, aud to keep that room clean for three days, and then four
otluTs should succeed them, and so forth on.

The wind continued all this day at S. \V. a stiff gale. In
II cleared with II || -though no men [j

|6:}0.] JOH^ T\TXTHROP. 13

the afternoon it cleared up, but very hazy. Our captain, about
four of the clock, sent one to the top to look for our vice-ad-
mir;.l, but he could not descry him, yet we saw a sail about two
leagues to the leeward, which stood toward the N. E.

AVe were this evening (by our account) about ninety leagues
from Scilly, W. and by S. At this place there came a swallow
and lighted upon our ship.

Sunday, 18.] About Uvo in the morning the wind N. \V. ;
so we tacked about and steered our course S. W. We had
still much wind, and the sea went very high, which tossed our
ship continually.

After our evening sermon, about five of the clock, the wind
came about to S. E. a good gale, but rainy; so we steered our
course W. S. W. and the ship's way was about nine leagues a
watch; (a watch is four hours).

Tins day the captain sent to top again to discover our vice-
admiral. We descried from tlicnce to the eastward a sail, but
we knew" not what she was.

About seven of the clock the Jewel bare up so near as we
could speak each to other, and after we bated some sail ; so
she went ahead of us, and soon after eight put forth her light.

Monday, 19.] In the morning the wind was come about to
the N. A\'. a good gale and fair weather; so we held our course,
but the skip made not so good way as when the wind was large.

This day, by observation and accouHt, we found ourselves to
be in forty-eight degi-ees north latitude, and two hundred and
twenty leagues W, from the meridian of London.

Here 1 think good to note, that all t]iis time since we came
from the Wight, we had cold weather, so as we could well en-
dure our warmest clothcr . I wish, therefore, that all such as
s^hall pass this way in the spring have care to provide warm
clothing; for nothing breeds more trouble and danger of sick-
ness, iti this season, than cold.

In the afternoon the wind came to S. W. a stiff gale, with
rain; so we steered westerly, till night; then the wind came
about to N. W. and we tacked again and stood S. W.

Our rear-admiral being to leeward of us, we bare up to ,^4^
him. ITc told us all their people .verc in health, but one of
their cows was dead. , ,

VOL. r. 2 •

14 , JOHN va:NTiiRor. [1530.

Tuerdav, 20.] The wind sontherly, fair weather, and little
W-ind. lu the morning we stood S. and by E., in the afternoon
\V. and by N.

Wednesday, 21.] Tliiek, rainy weather; much wind at S. W.

Our captain, over nif^dit, had invited his consorts to have
dined wiih Jiiin this daV; but it vv-as such foul weather as they
could not come aboard us.

Thursday, 22.] The wind still W. and by S. fair weather;
then \y. N. ^V.

This day at noon we found ourselves in fortv-seven desrees
and forty-eight minutes, and having a stifi" gale, we t^teered
S. W. about four leagues a watch, all this day and alj the night
following.

Friday, 23.] The wind still W. N. W. a small gale, wdth
fair weather. Our Cc^iaii; put forth Jds ancient m Thr- })r.op.
and heaved out his skiii', and lowered his top-ails, to give sign
to his consorts that they should come aboard us to dinner, for
they were both a good v. ay astern of us, an<l our vice-admiral
was not yet seen of us since the storm, though we sent to the
top everj^ day to descry her.

About eleven of tlie clock, our captain sent his skift' and
fetched aboard us the masters of the oiher two ships, and Mj-.
Pynchon,^ and they dined with us in the round-house, for the
iady'^ and gentlewonicn^ dined in the great cabin.

1 William Pyni hon. E.<.i., of uhoin frequent mention is made in tliis Hi^tor}-,
-wa-s named an a.<<i.<fant in t!ie Mu-.-aclitisetts charier. Dudley relates, tliat his
v.-ife died here before the return of the shij> they came in. Many papers in 2
Hist. Coll. YDJ. 227 et sef|. ^rlve honourable proof of hi.s services. He settled
first at Roxbury, hut in a I'.-w year.- removed to Springfield, of which town he
was the foiuuh-r, iind there livd till 1 052, -when, '-having received some -ill
treatment" from the govt-niiM' nt, ••on account of his religious prin.-iples, he,
wItJi Capt. Sn.lth, hl.s son-in-l,iw, v.ent to England, and wth them M-ent the
minister of t!ie town, the liev. Mr. :Moxon, never to return." See ?>reck'^
century sermon. 1 presume Pynrhon had written a book above the spirit of
that age ; for our government, in a curious letter to Sir Henrv Vane, wlio had,
in 1G02, advised a ditfcrent cour-e, give no clear idea of its dortrin.-;. See 3
Hist Col!. I. ".:;. ]lls sou, John, was of the council in KJdo, and many of his
descen<lants are in places of public usefulness in Springfield and its neiirhbor-
hood and nt Salt-ni.

^ The lady was the wite ot^ .hihnson.

* Mrs. riiiUipj, the minist4"r's wiU-, the two duughN-rs of Sir 11. Saltonstail,

J 030.1 JOHN ^VIXTHROP. 15

Thir' day and the night following we had little wind, so *^.^
as tlie sea v-as very smooth, and tiie »hip made little way.

Saturday, '24.] The wind still W. and by N., fair weather
and calm all tliai day and night. Here we made observation
again, and found we were in forty-jEive degrees twenty minutes,
nortli latitude.

Sunday, 2-3.] 'J'ho wiiid northerly, fair weather, but still
calm. We stood AV. and by S. and saw two ships ahead of
us as far as we could descry.

In the afternoon the wind came W. and by S. but calm still.
About five of the clock, the rear-admiral and the Jewel had
fetched up the two ships, and by their saluting each other wc
perceived they were friends, (for they were so t\ir to windward
of us as we could oi-ly see the smoke of their pieces, but could
in-.* hear them). About nine of the clock, tluy both fell b;tek
towards ns again, and we steered N. N. W. Now the we-ctthe--
Viegins to be warm.

Monday, 26.] The wind still W. and by S. close weather,
and scarce any A\ind.

The two ships, which we savv yesterday, were bound for
Canada. Capt. KirkMvas aboard the admiral. They bare up
with us, and falling close under our lee, we saluted each other,
and co)iferred together so long till his vice-admiral was be-
i-almed by our sails, and we were foul one of another; but
Hicjv being little wind and the sea calm, we kej)t them asunder
with oars, etc., till they heaved ottt their boat, and so towed
their ship away.

They told us for certain, that tl\e king of France had set out
-ix of his own ships to recover the fort from them.

"till, probably, the vivos of Cocldinf^ton, Dudley, Bradstrcet, Xowell, and
"'!i> rs, are here inteiuied ; as the principal people, except lievell and i'yu-
'liuii. seem to have been in the Arbella, which was chiefly owned by thoin.

' rrobably a brother of Sir David Kirk, or Kertk, as Chaiuplaiu, in his
Voyape, and Charlevoix in his Ilistoire dc la Xouvelle France, choose to spell
lii'- !!a:ne. [n the table of contents to the former, it Ls changed to Qiicr. Sir
J'.iN'd, with his two broihers, Thoimis and Lewis, had, the preeedint; year,
t.-'A.-ii QiR'lx-ck, an event then, and long: aller, thoucrht of so litile coii'^eipience,
.i Ji'.r to be not;.-ed m Hume's History of En;_dand. Tlie name of Kirk Avill
'"•!Ji- in the latter part of this Historv. when he was ^'r.vernouv of Xewfuund-
Liud. of which he had, in a charter of 1G2S. been one of the grantees.

U ,.(.';-..!l:iv ■/

16 JOITN WTXTIIIJOP. [1630.

About one of tho dof-k Cnpt. Lowe sent his skiff nboard us,
(with a friendly token of his love to the govcrnour.) to desire
our captnin to come aboard his ship, which he did, and there
met the masters of the other ships and Capt. Kirk, and before
night th.ey all returned <o their ships again, Capt. Lowe bestow-
ing some shot u})on them for their welcome.

The wind now blew o pretty gale, so as our ship made some
way again, though it were out of om- right course >,'. W< bv N.
*14 'ruesday, 27.] Tiie wind still westerly, a stifl' gale, with
close weather. 'We steered Yv". N. W. About noon
some rain, and all the day very cold. We appointed Tuesdays
and Wednesdays to carechi/c our people, and this day Mr.
riJUips ^ began it.

Wednesday, 2S.] All the night, and this day till noon, the

1 Of the Rev. George riiill'ps frequent mcution t\ill be ibutul in the follow-
ing page.-, aud an elaborate eulogy, with very slight lilographj-, uiay be seen in
the Magnalia. He was of Gon\-ille and Cain? College, took his de'Tees in
1613 and 1617, and for the latter v.as compelled to submit to subseription.
His \^•ife died soon after arrival. In f\x>v. Bradford's Letter Book, the oonelud-
iug part of which i.^ prefer vl<1 in 1 Kist. Coll. HI. an epistle to him from Sam-
uel Fidlcr, of 28 June of tiii.- year, only a few days after our colonists' arrival
at Salem, di.-covers to us, that Phillips was of a straiter sect than m-^st of the
companions of "Winthrup. •• Here is come ovi-r," says ho, '-with these rrentls-
men, one ^tr. Phillips, (a Suflblk mrai,) who hath told me in private, that if
they ^\ill have him stand minister, by that calling, whif-h he received from the
prelates in England, h(^ will h-ave tliom." This was not the spirit of the first
settlers of I\fassachusetts, until they had lived some years in the wilderness;
and I iningine Phillips was overcome, by the persuasion of his friends, to post-
pone tJio scruple lie had romiauni< at.-d to the I'limouth colonist. Hubbard,
186, lets us a little into th.' cause of the change: "It is said, that Mr. Phillips
was at the rti-st more acquainted with the way of church discipline, since owned
by Congregational clunThfs: but being then without any to stand by him, (for
wo to him that is alone.) ho met '\\-ith mudi opposition from some of the mairis-
trates, till the time that .Mr. Ci>tr->u came into the country, who, by his preach-
ing and prarti< L-, did by drgives m..u!d all their chundi administrations into
the very sauio tbrm. v.hi. h .Mr. Phillips Lilonred to introduce into the chun.-hes
before." Yet his name is >ubsiTilH'il to the excellent letttir, with Winthrop,
Dudley, John.-on. Saltniist.dl. Ficnn.es, and Codnington, dated on board the"
Arbclla, wishing to be rcganled '-as tho.-o who esteem it our honour to call the
chuix-h of England, from whiiu-e we rise, our dear mother."

A long list of men. distin.'ui-hing the nan\e of Phillips in our country by
their civil stations and nmnificent patronage of institutions oi^ learuine and he-
nevolence, descends tVom this first jxasfor of Watertown.

i030.] JOIDT WINTIIROP. j^

w-ind \ery high at S. W., close weather, and some rain. Be-
tween eleven and hvclvc, in a shower, the wind came W. N.
W., so we tacked about and stood S. W.

Thursday, 29.] ]Much wind all this night at W. and by N.
and the sea went very high, so as the ship rolled very much*
because we sailed but with one course ; therefore, about twelve',
omr captain arose and caused the foretopsail to bo hoisted, and
then the ship went more steady. §He caused the quartermas-
ter to look down into the hold to see if the cask lay fast and
the....§i

In the morning the wind continued with a stiff gale ; rainy
and cold all the day.

We had been now three weeks at sea, and were not come
above three hundred leagues, being about one third pari of our
way, viz., about forty-six north ladtude, r:nd near tlie lae'-i-
dian of the || Terceraslj. '•^'•'

This niglit Capt. Kirk carried the light as one of our con-
sorts.

_ Friday, 30.] The wind at W. N. W., a strong gale all the
night and day, with showers now and then.

We made obser\'ation, and found we were in fortv-foia- norrh
latitude. At night the wind scanted tovrards the S. wiih rain;
so we tacked about and stood N. W. and by N.

Saturday, May 1.] All th.> night much wind at S. S. W.
nnd rain. In t!u> moriiing tlir wind s;ill strong, so as v;c could
bear little sail, and so it continued a gi-owing storm, all the day,
and towards night so much wind as we bore no more sail but
so much as shoidd keep tin; ship stiff. Then it grew a very
great tempest § all the night,§ with fierce showers of rain inter-
mixed, and very cold.

Lord's day, 2.] The tempest continued all the day, v.-ith the
\vind W. and by N., and the sea raged and tossed us exceed-
"igly; yet, through God's mercy, w^e were very comrort..bh^
aa<i few or none sick, but had opportunity to keep the Sab-
bath, an.l ^^r. .PhiUips |1 "- preached || twice that day. The Am-
ilT 3.;| li-praye.l||

iu:.s pas.^agc, belli;:: interliiu'd, Av.id cxtreuiely dim.ult to bo mu^Io out, and
I-.-«rt r,f -f rcriialris Illoglbl..., I tliiiik, by die ai<l of'aiiy eye^ or glas.es.

18 JOHN WD.TmMP.

[1630.

brose and Jewel \\pro .seniir-ited far f.-oni us the first night, but
this day we .saw thcni cigain, but Capr. Kirk's siiips we saw
not sitici'.

Monda\, 3.] Jm tho night the wind abated, and by morning
the. sea, was well nssnaircd, '<o a? we bare our foresail again,
and stood AV. S. Y\. : bm oil rh.> liiue of the -tern pest w-e eould
make no way, but were driven to t]ie leeward, and the Am-
brose strnek nil her s;ii!s but lier mizxeij, and lay a hull. She
brake })er jujiin yard. This day we uiade observcition, and
found we were in forty-three a!;d a hnlf north lnritr.de. We
set tw^o li fighters j| in the bolt< till night, with their hands
bound behind them. A rnaid-::ervjiM; in the ship, being stom-
ach-sick, drank so n^nch stron"- water, that she was senseless,
■and had near killed h"rself We observed it a common fault
in our |i-}onngi{ people, tiint thev gavt; theiBseives tx).drliik hot
waters very immoileraicly.

Tuesday, 4.] Mneh wind at S. '\V., elose weather. In the
morning w-e tacked al'out and m.o.kI N. W. and about ten in
the morning W. N. \V., but made lilile way in regard of the
head sea.

Wednesday, O.j The wind V/. and by S. thick, foggy

weather, and rainy; so w^e siood N. W. b\ W. At nio-ht the

t-^Q Lore! remembered ns, and enlarged the wind to the N. ; so

we tacked abonr and stood our com'se W. and by S. with

a merry gale in all ear s.nls.

Thursday, 6.] The wind at N. a good gale, and fair weather.
We made observation, arid found we were forty-three and a
half north latitude; so we stood full west, and ra.n, in twenty-"
four hours, about tiilrty leagues.

||='Four|i things i obsfTved h^re. 1. That the deelination of
the pole star wa> nnn-h, even to the view-, benealh that it is in
Enghuul. 2. Thai the newMuoon, when it first apj)eared, was
much snv.dler than at ;uiy time 1 had seen it in Eno-land. 3.
That all the way wf camp, w-h saw H-.v Is flying and sv.-imniing,
when we had no land near by two hnndred leagnes. 4. That
■where: -oever the win<l bhnv, we had still cold weather, and the •
sun did not gi\e so inueh he it as in J'hi^land.

Friday, 7.] The wind N. and !>y il. a small gale, very fair
li^alloi-<(| If'' grown:! Ip'SomcJi'

1530.] JOILN' ^TLN'THROP. 19

weather, and towards night a still calm. This day our captain
and r>Ir, Lowe dined aboard the Jewel.

Saturday, 8.] All the night calm. In the morning the wind
S. AV. a handsome gale ; so we tacked and stood N. W. and
soon after, the wind growing more large, we stood W. N. W.
with a good gale. About four of the clock we saw a v/hale,
who lay just in our ship's way, (the bunch of his back about a
yard above water). Hj would not jj shun us ; |j so we passed
within a stone's cast of him, as he lay spouting up water.

Lord's day, 9.] The wind still S. "VV. a good gale, but close
weather and some rain ; we held on our course W. N. W.
About nine it cleared up, and towards night a great fog for an
hoLu: or two.

We were now in forty-four and a half north latitude, and a
little west of |l-Corvosll.

Monday, 10.] The wind S. S. W. a good gale and fair
weather; so we stood W. and by N. foru: or five leagues a
watch, all this day. The wind increased, and was a gi-eat
storm all the night. About midnight our rear-admiral put
f jrth two lights, whereby we knew that some mischance had
befallen her. We answ^ered her with two lights again, and
bare up to her, so near as we durst, (for the sea went very high,
and she lay by the lee) \\ ^nnd having hailed her, we thought
she had sprung aleak ; but she had broken some of her
shrouds: || so we went a little ahead of her, and, bringing our
foresaU aback stays, we stayed for her, and, about two ,^^
lioars after, she filled her sail-^, and we stood our course
together, but our captain went not to rest till four of the clock,
and some others of us slept but little that night.

Tuesday, 11.] The storm continued all this day, till three
in the afternoon, and the sea went very high, so as our ship
could make no way, being able to bear no more but our main-
sail about midmast high. At three tliere fell a great storm of
rain, j| < which laid || the wind, and the wind shifting into the W.
we tacked and stood into the head sea, to avoid the rolling of

!] wim up II |j-Cowes|i

S'^buthli.; had brukeu some of her bhroinL. Having hailed her, wo kcirnt
»h)! hatl r^pning aleak 1|
i!Sv.;l;iye.l toji

20 .TOIIX WJXTIIROr. [1030.

our ship, and by that means we made no way, the sea beating
us back as much as the wind put us forward.

"We had still cold weather, and oiu: people were so acquaint-
ed with II storms j| as they were not sick, nor troubled, though
we were much tossed forty-eight hours together, viz., twenty-
four during the storm, and as long the next night and day fol-
lowing, Wednesday, 12, when as we lay as it were a hull, for
want of v.ind, and rolling contijmally in a high gi-own sea.
This day was close and rainy.

Complaint was made to our captain of some injury that one
of the under officers of the ship had done to one of our land-
men. He called him and examined the cause, and com.-
manded him to be tied up by the hands, and a weight to be
hanged about his neck; but, at the intercession of the govern-
our, (with some dillicalty,) he remitted his punishment.

At night the wind blew at S. E. a handsome gale, with rain ;
so we pur forth our sails and stood AV. and by S.

Thursday, 13.] Toward morning the wind came to the
south-westerly, with close wearher and a strong gale, so as be-
fore noon we took in our topsails, (the rear-admiral having split
her fore-topsail) and \.'e stood west-southerly.

Friday, 14.] The wind \V. S. AV., thick, foggy weather, and
in the afternoon rainy. We stood "\V. and by S. and after W.
and by N. about live leagues a ^\atch. AVe were in forty-four
and a half. The sun set N. AV. aitd by N. one third northerly.
And towards night we stood AA^.

Saturday, 15.] The wind westerly all tliis day ; fair weather.
AA'e tacked twice to binall purpose.

Lord's day, 10.] As the lo was.

Tvlonday, 17.] The wind at S. a fine gale and fair weather.
AVe stood AV. and by S. AVe saw a great dril\ ; so we heaved
out our skiff, aiul it proved a fir log, which seemed to have
been many years i'.i the water, for it was all overgrov/n v.ith
barnacles and other trash. AA\' sounded here and found no
*iq ground at one hundred fathom and more. AVe saw two
whales. xVl-')ur nine at night the wind grew very strong
at S. AV. and continued so, with much rain, till one of the
clock; then it ceased raining, bur the wind came to the A\\

Ij-^howcr.-j

|0;30.| . JOHN WlrNlHROP. 21

with more \-iol(iicr'. In this storm wo were forced to take in
all our .<ails, t^uve our iriainsail, and to lower that so much as
we conld.

Tue-sday, IS.] In the inoraing tlie wind slacked, but we
ciiuld stand no nearer our course than N. and we had much
wind all this day. In the afternoon we tacked and stood S. by
E. Towards night (our rear-admiral being near two leagues to
leeward of Us) we bare up, and drawing near her, w^e descried,
II .^omc II two leagues more to leeward, two ships, which we con-
ceived were those two of Capt. Kirk's, which parted from tis
in the storm, May 2. We had still cold weather.

Wednesday, 19.] The wind S. S. W. ; close and rainy;
litrlf wind. We tacked again and stood W. ; but about noon
the wind came full W. a very strong gale; so we tacked again
and stood N. by E. and at night w€ took ofl' our main bonnet,
and took in all our sails, save om- main-course and m'v/'/cn.
We were novv- in forty-four degrees tv/elve minutes north, and
bv our accounr in the juidway between the false bank and tlie
main bank. All this night a great storm at W. by N,

Thursday, 20.] The storm continued all this day, the wind
ns it was, and rainy. In the forenoon we carried our fore-
course and stood AV. S. W., but in the afternoon we took
it in, the wind increasing, and the sea grown very high ; and
lying with the lielm a-wcather, we made no way but as the;
.-hip drove. We liad still cold weather.

^ In the great cabin, at nine at night, etc., and the next day
ngaitu (Te. The storm continued ;dl this night.

Friday, 21.] The wind still N. W. ; little wind, and close
weather. AVe stood S. W. with all our sails, but made little
w;!y. and at night it was a still calm.

A servant of one of our company had bargained with a
ehikl to sell him a box worth 2d. for three biscuits a day all the
\'>yn;,n-, and had received about forty, and had sold them and
miinv more to some other servants. We caused his hands lo

• iM t!-.e marg^i of die MS. tli(^ w>.nl ^' fa-t," is wrluen by the jjovoriKvir.
:<''•! .1 latiT r.'.i.icr has put in a C?/ pointing at tlie paragraph. In tlu-i \Kn\
V'm;1...t iIh-v were, probably, without tbo'h

22 JOHN V/INTtlllOP. [1630.

be tied up to n bar, and huiii^f>d a basket with stones about his
neck, and .so he stood two hours.

Saturday, 22.] The wind S. S. W. mucii ^vind and rain.
*j^g Our s})ritsaiJ kud so deep in as it was split in pieces with a
head sea at the instaiit us our captain was going forth of his
cabin very early iii the morning 1o give order to take it in. It
was a groat mercy of God, tliat it did split, for otherwise it
had endaiigercd the breaking of our bowsprit and topmasts at
least, and tlu^n we had no other way but to have returned for
England, except the wnnd had come east. About ten in the
morning, it! a very great fret of wind, it chopt suddenly into
the \V. as it had done divers times before, and so continued
\vitb a srrioi! .-.a]c and [we] stood N. and by W. About four
in the afternoon there arose a sudden storm of wind and rain,
so violent as we had not a greater. It continued thick and
boisterous all the night.

About seven \\ e descried a suil ahead of us, towards the N.
and by K. v.liich stood towards us. Our captain, supposing it
might be our vice-admiral, iioisted up his mainsail, which "be-
fore w-as struck down aboard, and came up to meet her.
When we drew jiear her we put forth our ||aucient,|I ^ and she
|!MutTed{l up to get the wind of ns ; but wdien she saw^ she
could not, she bare up, and hoisting up her foresail, stood away
before tlie vrind: yet wx- made all the signs we could, that we
meant her no hnrrn, but she would not jj^rust |[ us. She was
withm shot of us, so as we perceived she was a small French-
man, which Ave did suppose had been driven oil' tlie bank.
When she was clear of us, she stood her course again, and we
ours.

This day at twelve we made observation, and w^ere about
forty-three, but the storm put us far to the N. again. Still cold
weather.

Lord's day, 23.] Much wind, still westerly, and very cold
weather.

llt-n-^lpij! li Uuflie.] li P hail II

^ Some lawloni jxni hrul bot-n (!nnvi> thnnigh this word, that ^vas ori^rinuHv
as I have printcl it. and t!>e wonl -ivua in the fir.<t editioii ^vas subirituted.
This unimporUuit akoration is lu.te 1, bctau-^c it aflbrd.s me an opportunity of
ius.-uring die ic.i>kT ihat our :MS. ha.-- nut cfl-jn been so corrupto<].

|(;30.> JOHN WIN'lIIROP. ' 23

iVIonday, 2!.] The wind N. W. by N. a hrindsome gale,
aiul close weather and very cold. We ?tood S. W. About
noon we had occasion to lie by the lee to straigliten out ruiz-
zcn shroudri, and the rear-admiral and Jewel, being both to
windvrard of us, bare up and came under our lee, to inquire if
anything were amiss with us: so we heard the company was
in health in the Jewel, but thnt two passengers were dead in
the Ambrose, and one or tier §co\v§.

Tuesday, 25.] The wind still N. W. ; fair weather, but *.-,q
cold. We went on with a handsome gale, and at noon
were in forty-three and a half; and the variation of the com-
pass was a point and one-sbctli. xMl this day we stood W. S.
W. about five or six league^ a watch, and towards night the
wind enlarged, with a cold dash of snowy rain, and then we
ran in a smooth sea about eigtil or nine leagTies a v/atch, luid
stood due W.

\\'ednesday, 2G.] The wind ;-tili N. Y\. a good gale and
fair weather, but very cold still ; yet we were about forty-three.
At night we sounded, but found no ground.

Tlinrsday, 27.] The wind N. W. a handsome gale ; fair
v/eather. About noon it came about to the S. W. and at night
rain, with a still gale, and it continued to rain very hard till it
was near midnight.

This day oiu* skill" went aboard the Jewel for a hogshead of
limcal,i| which we borrowed, because we could not come by
our own, and there came back in the skiff the master of the
Jrv/el and Mr. ||-Revell;||^ to oiu' captain stayed them din-
!u i', and sent for Capt. Lowe ; and about two hours after diri-
|lw;iter|] ||-Xo\voll!|

1 1 cannot dissembk^ the pleasure enjoyed by restorinp; the true name in this
rlar..-, nor my surprise at llndlng the marginal substitute in the hand of ihe
"^"•rupulous Prince.

'h>hn He veil, K-q., was among tliosc adventurers to Nov,- riimouth, wlio, in
I'"-'i;, .Wigned their interest to the colonists by an indenture, preserved by
I'nulfurd in 1 Ili.^t. Coll. IIT. 47. lie had been chosen one of our assistants In
October p'-eecdinij. and vas one of those five undertakers to resldv here lor
the management of the joint stock of the company, five odiers being in }.ng-
l-i;'d. V'rt lie ifturned in the Lyon after a few vfeeks' vir-ir. lu'tnre the first
ii,.4;iri;r of the a.ssistinits. He was probably too rich to adventure life and for-
tL-n.- wiih us.

24 JOiix vriNTiiRor. [1630.

ner, they went aboard tlunr own ships, our caj:>tain giving Mr.
jl Revell Ij three shot, because he was one of the owners of
our ship.

We understood now, tliai the two whTcIi died in the Am-
brose were Mr. Cradock's servants, who were sick when they
came to sea; and one of them should have been left at Cowes,
if any house ^\ ould have received him.

In the Jewel, also, one of the seamen died — a most profane
fellow, and one who was very injurious to the passengers,
though much against the will of the master.

At noon we tacked about and stood Vv". and by N. and so
continued most part of that day and niglit following, and had
much rain till midnight.

Friday, 28.] In the morning the wind veered to the W. yet

we had a ritifl" gale, and sieercd N. W. and by N. It was s.o

great a fog all this day, as we h;id lost sight of one of our ships,

#.-,j and saw the other j|-sonietimes much |j to kevv-ard. We

had many plierce|| shower.-, of rain throughout this day.

At night the wind cleared up, and we saw both our eonsorrs
fair by us; so that wind being very scant, we tacked and
stood AV. and by S. A child ^ was born in the Jewel aboax
this time.

Saturday, 20.] The wind X. W. a stiff gale, and fair weather,
but very cold; in the afternoon full N. and towa.rds night N.
and by fl. ; so v.e stood W.

•Lord's day, oO.] The wind X. by E. a handsome gale, but
close, misty weather, and very cold: so our ship made good
way in a smooth sea, and our three ships kept close together.
By our account we were in the same meridiaji with Isle Sable,
and forty-two and a half.

Monday, 31.] AVind N. W. a small gale, close and cold
weather. A\'e sounded, but had no ground. About noon the
wind came N. by E, a stitl', const-.int gale and fair weather, so
as Oiu: ship's way was seven, eight, ami sometimes twelve
leagues a watch. This day, about five at night, we expected
fNowellll li-?oni(^ h^ai^^o^jj ii"fin.;||

'A note in tLe uiargln, ''erj^o fii. i.^;li!iL>," [< an absurd coacluslon of a
strannrer.

16:i0.j JOIIX WINTHROP. 25

tilt eclipse, biit there \v-as not any, the sun being fair and clear
fmin three till it set.

June 1, Tuesday.] The wind N. E. a small gale, with fair,
clear weatiier; in ihe afternoon full S., and towards night a
good gale. We stood W. and by N. A \\ oman in our ship
fell in travail, and we sent and ])nd a midwife out of the Jewel.
She was so far ahead of us nt this time, (though usually we
could spare her some sail.) as v.e shot oil a piece and k)wered
our topsails, and then she brailcd her sails and stayed for us.

This evening we saw the new moon more than lialf an
hour after suu^•et, being much smaller than it is at any time in
England.

AWduesday, 2.] The wind S. S. W'., a handsome gale ; very
fair weather, bui, >till cold; in the evening a great fog. We
stood W. and by X. and A\\ X. W.

Our captain, supposing us novv' to be near the N. coast, and
knowing that to ihe S. there were dangerous shoals, fitted on a
new main.-ail, tliat was very strong, and double, atid would not
adventure with his old sails, as before, when he had sea-room
enough.

Thursday, o.] The \\nnd S. by W. a good steady gale, and
we stood W. and by N. The fog continued very thick, and
some rain withal. We sounded in the morning, and again ..^.^
at n(.>ou, and liad no groaiul. We sounded again about
t%vo, afternoon, and had ground about eighty fathom, a fnie
gray sand; so we presently tacked and stood S. S. E., and shot
oil" a piece of ordnrnce to give notice to our consort:?, v.hotu
we saw not since last evening.

The fog continued all this niglit, and a steady gale at S. W.

Friflay, 4.] xUxmt fottr in the morning we tacked again (the
wind S. W.) and stood W. N. W. The fog contiimed all this
day, so as we could not see a stone's cast from us; yet the sun
■■hoiic vory briidu all the day. We sounded every two hours,
hnt ii.id no ground. At night we tacki-d again and stood S.
\ In the great cabin, fast. §^

' C'oiiir»arinpj tlic clo?o of this iiaiUL'iJipli, }»crh.ip:>, with that of the noxt fol-
'''»"iiijr. some ran-U'Ss person had subsiitutcd ihankf-qiring for _/a.>.7, and thon
''r.i'-k out the wh'jie ?t'nt«>nce. Ti; ^ Civ-i edlriou -was jirinl'.id in couformiiy-

vol,. I. 3

26 JOFN WlNTHllOl'. Mg3Q

Saturday, 5.J In the morning the wind came to N. E. a
handsome gale, and the; fog was dispersed; so we stood before
the wind \Y. and by N., all the afternoon being rainy. At
night we sounded, but had no ground. In the great cabin,
thanksgiving.

It rained most part of this night, yet our captaiji kept
abroad, and was forced to come in in the night to shift his
clothes.

We sounded every half v.-atch, but had no ground.
Lord's day, 6.J The wind N. E. and after N., a good gale,
but still foggy at times, and cold. We stood W. N. W., both
to make Cape Sable, if we might, and also because of the
currcn^^ which, near the west shore sets to the S., that we
might be the more clear from the southern shoals, vi^., of Cape
Cod.

About two in the afternoon we sounded and had ground at
about eighty fathom, and the mist then breaking up, we saw
the shore to the N. about five or sLx leagues off, and were (as
we supposed) to the S. W. of Cape Sable, and in forty-three
and a quarter. Towards night it calmed and was foggy again,
and the wind came S. and by E. We tacked and stood W.
and by N., intending to mnko land at Aquamenticus, being to
the N. of the Isles of Shoals.

Monday, 7.] The wnid S. About four in the morning we
sounded and had ground iit thirty fathom, and was somewhat
calm; so Vv'e put our ship a-stays, and took, in less than two
hours, with a few hooks, sixty-seven codfish, most of them very
great fish, some a yard and a half long, and a yard in compass.
*23 ^^'^"^ ^'^'^"^ "^^^y s'^asonably, for our salt fish was now spent,
and we were taking care for victuals this dav (beiiHT a fish
day). . V =. ^

After this we filled oiu- sails, and stood W. N. W. with a
small gale. 'We hoisted out a great boat to keep our sound-
ing the better.' The weather was now very cold. We sound-
ed at eight, and had fifty fathom, and, being calm, we heaved

^ah this jnutilatioa. As thi.s wa.s the sixty-oi-hth day passed oa board ship,
and the wind was advfn-e, the passengei-s mh^hl well keep a fa.t ; and show
thoir gratitude for the favorable gale the next day by thanks.'lvin^.

IQ'40.] JOHN WINTHEOP. 27

ontour hooks again, and took twenty-?ix cods; so we all feast-
ed with fiah this day. A woman was delivered of a child in
our ship, stillboni. The woman had divers children before,
but none lived, and she had some mischance now, which caused
her to come near a month before her time, but she did very-
well. At one of the clock we had a fresh gale at N, W. and
very- fair weather all that afternoon, and warm, but the wind
failed soon.

All the night the wind was W. and by S. a still' gale, which
made us stand to and again, with small advantage. -,

Tuesday, 8.] The wind still W. and by S., fair weather, but
close and cold. We stood N. N. .W. with a stiff gale, and,
about thre--^ in the afternoon, we had sight of land to the N. W.
about ten leagues, which we supposed was the Isles of Monhe-
gun, but ir p'ovcd Mount iVlanrreli.-' Then we lacker! and
stood \V. S. W. V/e had now fair sunshine weather, and so
pleasant a [j sweet air|| as did much refresh us, and tlieve came
a smell off' the shore like the smell of a garden.

There came a wild pigeon into our ship, and another small
land bird.

WednesdiiV, 9.] In the morning the wind easterly, but
grew presently calm. Now we had very fair weatlier, and
warm. About noon the wind came to S. W. ; so we stood W.
N. W. with a handsome gale, and had the main land lipon our
starboard all that day, about eiglit or ten leagues off. It is
very high land, lying in many hills very unequal. At night
xve saw many small islands, being low land, between us and
the main, about five or six leagues off us; and about three
leagues from us, towards the main, a small rock a little above
II scene here ||

^ Xow 'Mount De.i^ert. I presume the name had been given in honor of Sir
Kobert Mansell, the highest naval ollicer of England, and one of the ])atentees
>rt the great [vatent for New England, usually called tht- riunonth charter, of
King Jaine:-, 3 November, 16-JO, which, in the title page of his History of Con-
nt'ctiout, Tnanbull incautiously says, had been " never before publi-^hed in
Aincrica," wlieii it may be J'ound in Haz. I. lO;! et s.-q. See Nortli .Vmer. Ke-
vii'w, VHI. 117, where is found an examination of that work, a ( riU-d to a
r'ntloinan thoroughly acquainvd with the geography and history of thiii
«:ountry.

28 joir^' AViNTiiKOP. [ig:30.

Avater. At night \ve sounded and had soft oozy gi-ound a.t
*f, I sixty fathom; ><), ihe Avind bcinij; now j|sc;!ri{:i| at AV. we
tacked again nnd stood S. iS. W. We were now in forty-
three and a half. This high land, which we saw, Vv'e judged to
be at the \V. ca})e of the great bay, which goeth towards- Port
Royal, called Mount Desert, or Mount Mansell, and no island,
but part of the nuiln.'^ In the night the wind shifted oft.

Thursday, 10.] In the morning the wind S. and by W. till
five. In the niorniug a thick fog; then it cleared up with fair
weather, but somewhat close. After we had run some ten
leagues AY. and by S. we lost sight of the former land, but
made other high land on cm- starboard, as far otl' as we could
descry,- but Ave lost it again.

The wind contimied aU this day at S. a stifl", steady gale, yet
we bare all our sails, and stood VV". S. W. At)ont fom* in ttie
afternoon we made land on ouj- starboard bow, called the
Three Turks' Head-, being a ridge of three hills upon the main,
whereof the southmost is the greatest. It lies near Aquamen-
ticiis. Via descried, also, another hill, more northward, which
lies by Cape l^orpus. A'.'e saw, also, ahead of us, some four
leagues from slsort", a small rock,^ not above a tiight shot over,
which hath a dangerous shoal to the E. and by S. of it, some
two leagues in length. AVe kept our |j-lutT|| and v.eathered it,
and left it on our sta.rltoard about two miles oil". Towards
night we ntight see the trees in al! places very plainly, and a
small hill to the southward of the Turks' Heads. All the rest
of thi" land to the S. was plain, low land. Here v%-e had a tine
fresh smell from shore. Then, lest we should not get clear of
the ledge of rocks, which- lie imder water from \\ ithin a flight
shot of the said rock, (called Boone Isle,) which we had now
brought X. E. from us, towards Paseat aquae, we tacked and
stood S. E. with a still" gale at S. by W.

Friday, 11. ] Tiie wind still S. W., close weather. AYe stood
!l>et!i pi.ttll

^ But it i« ail inland.

- Tlii> ua,--. iiiiiloiuftfilly. tlio Wliit.- Ililts wtiirli the ^;ul1, at tliat ^o;l.^on of
the year, arnus in exqiii-ite briliiaiire, inv^iaritl} mistaken fi)'- tlKi.1 of eloirl-,
as 1 have otVeii observeil.

* " Called lioouo Isle," i^ the "Tijvernoiir's mar;rinal note.

1G30.] JOHN WLXTIIEOP.

to ari',1 r.gain all tiiis day wiihin sight of Cape Ann. The
I^les of Shoals were now within two leagues of us, and we
saw a sfiipi lie there at anchor, and five or six shaUops under
sail np and down.

We ^took many mackerels, and met a shallop, which stood
from Cape Ann towards the Isles of Shoals, which be- ». _
longf'tl to some English fishermen.^ ^'^

Saturday, 12.] About four in tiie morning we were near our
port. We shot ofl' two pieces of ordnance, and sent oiu- skiff
to Mr. Peirce« his sliip (which lay in ike hai-boiu:, .-xkI had been
there [blank] days before). About an hour after, JNIr. Aller-
ton * came aboard us in a shallop as he was sailing to Pema^

._ ^, no .ijl-;,ritc5>,. Tht-c* ilhlaiij-
have never been j.opulous. When R. .Mather stoppe.! there i^ lt>35, he says,
tiiere were two faiullies and about forty pe^^r,as; so that ^-c may conclude^
most of them were transient residents.

- Here is inserted, on a whole page of the original MS., a chart of the shore
of Maine, Isles of SLoald, Boone Isle, Cape Ann, etc., with remarks on the
a|.(-oarance of the various landmarks oa ilic several days, depth of water, bot-
tijni, bearings, distances, oto.

3 William Peirce deserves honourable n^ention among the earlv navi^rators
between Old England and Xew. He made many voyages, of which the ear-
liest known by me was in l«J-_'3, in the Ann, the sl.xth vessel, whose arrival in
our bay, sin.-e the f juu'Iation of rilmouih, is mentioned. See :Horton and
(Jov. lirad'l.rd in I'rirK.., I. Ill, ] 19, 121, 139. Edward Win.Iow, afierwanls
goverKourof Plimouth, and the celebrated commissioner of Cromwell in Ad-
niiral Penn's West India expedition, in that .<hip then returned with Peir.-e.
He was, in 162:K i,. th,^ M.s>.u;hi;.eUs Company's cmi.loyment, master of the
-Uyflaiver, Ilai.-. I. -27 f, and w.is now in the service of the Plhuouth people,
t^.^T^•l,om,withAllcrton,he had brought ii, the ship Lyon, this spring, from
l^nstol, many of their Leyden brethren. Hubbard unvarvinglv, e.xcept on
page 82, gives his name F'eirse. So the Probate Record spells 'it, and so bv
»^:mse!f, as I have seen, was it written. In another part of this volume lii's
"■vmewill recur as the maker of the first American Almanac, viz., for 16:i0.
'1;- was kiUed at Providence, one of the Bahamas, in 1(J41, as wiU be seen iu
"n^ History.

He was one of the prinr-ipal men in Pliraouth colony, of the memorable
nmulKT (,f one hundred who came in the fin,t ship, and tlu; tli-st assistant
•■ ">-Hi i:i that government Dr. Eliot lamont-s tliat the later year.s of Aller-
•"n^arc not illustrat<-,d by public servi.^es; but, we mav presume, thev
;^ '"'■•' l^.^vc bren, had he. as our Xew Engla.id Biographer " t-rron-HHisly savs,
^;i^^"t tho remainder of h_Is days widi the people of Plimoulh." Xutice of him

t-v found more thai; once in later portions of this work; and the rea.Jcr,

30 JOIIX WIXTIIROP. [1630.

quid. A^ we stood towards the harboar, we ?aw another shal-
lop coming to us ; so we stood in to meet her, and passed
through the narrow strait between Baker's Isle and Little Isle,
and came to an anelior a little, wirhin the islands.

After Mj-. Pt^iree eame aboard us, and returned to fetch Mr.

».).. Endeeott,^ who eame to us obout two of the clock, and

with him Mr. Skehon- and C'apt Levett.^ "We that were

who -would know of him -vvhat dilip^t'nt inquiry could redeem from oblivion,
must consult the invaluable edition of ISIorto-a's ilemorial by Judge Davis, and
Bacon's memoir, in 3 Mass. Ili-t. Coll. VIL 243, with the appendi.^ of that Yob
Hutchinson, whose accuracy of inti.)rmation uiay generally be relied on, erro-
neously says, he left this country for England to settle there, but. adds, " his
male posterity settled in ^Maryland. If they be extinct. Point Alderton, [in
Boston hart)our,] which took his name. ^riIl probably preser\-e it many ages."
TliL' latest notice of him I have found, is in the second volinnp of our Couivlv
Registry of Ikrrls. p. 19 2, where is recorded a receipt by Isaac AUenou, senior,
merchant, of New Haven, 2'> November, 1653, for one hogshead and four bar-
rels of Uia<-kercl from E\an Thomas, vintner, of Boston, to adventure for half
profits. A h-t'er, in my {.corc-.-ion. of J. i\r. fuport, 4 August, 1(;:)8, mentions
yoHfitj AUerton coming fn.ni the Da'cli to Xevr Haven.

1 Thi^ distinguished father of Massachusetts had, near two years before, been
sent to ff>;mil the jilantntion in the settlement of Salem, the oldest to%vn in the
colony. He had a coniin!--ion, in Itrif), from the company to act as governour,
whi.;h was. of course. su;MM--L(lcd by the arrival of Winthrop with the charter.
With tlu; history of hi:^ aitii)ted country, that of Endecott is interwovf'u, till
the time of his d^-ath, 1.". ^lar(■h, ICG.^. Hf served four years a.s di'puty gov-
ernour, and si.xtuen years as governour, being ut the head of administration a
longer time than any otlier under the old patent, exceeded nndor the new-
charter by Shirley alone, and that only by one year. The f;inn whirh he cub
tivated, remains in poss(^<io;i of an honorable desct-nd.-nit ; and on*' pear tree,
planted by the governour on it, is said still to repay his care, bL-aring iruit in
its old age.

- Samuel Skcltrm. pa.-tor of .'^alem, came the year before in the same tleet
■prith Higgin^on. Tlic no'ires of Iiis history are very brief; that of his death
will be found in this volume, 2 August, 1^34. His wife died 15 :\Iarcli, 1^31,
as we learn from Dudhy. who says, - she wa. a godly and helpful woman ; she
lived dfsire(b and died lamented, and well deserves to he honorablv remcm-
bere.l."

^ Xo sati^fvetory infnmiation has been ohtained, by seardiins everv quarter
for some aerount of thi-; giiulcman, unle.-s it mny !>e he wlio died at sea about
two years after this date, hy which, event snnie indiscreet letters fel! into the
han<!< of our adversaries, as will he sc-u in thi- work, 22 Eehruary, l';33. It
might he conjectured, that w,; .-liould i-hittity him with Chrl^opiier Le\ett,
Esq., named in 1C23, by the council of New England, under the great charter,

IGoO.] JOIIN WIXTilROP. 31

of the assistants, and some other gt>iitlemen, and some of th<;
women, and our captain, returned with them to Nahumkrc 1<,
where we supped with a good venison pasty and good bf.r,
and at night we returned to our ship, but some of the wotin-a
stay(^d behind.

In the II mean time most of ourjj people went on shore upon
the land of Cape Ann, whieh lay very near us, and gath- ,.,y
crt d store of fine strax^berries.

An Indian came aboard us and lay there all night.

liOrd's day, 13.] In the morning, the sagamore^ of A|/a-
wam and one of his men came aboard our ship and stayd
with us all day.

About two in the afternoon w^^ descried the J»nvel ; so u e
manned out our skift' and wafted them in, and tdey went a-;
near the harbour as the tide and wii>d would suffer.

Monday, 14.] In the morning early we wei^rhed. anchor, arid
the wiiid being against us, and the channel so narrow as v/c
]| morning' tlie re.- 1 of the ||

\vilh Cajit;. Francis West and the governour of Plimouth lor the time hcTr.-j,
a.->i^linus to Kohert (.Jor;:os, who had a eonnuission to be. ^i-nieral governo-r;
and he published, at London, 1628, A Voyage into Xcw England, be-^irj hi
U<-2:.. and ended in li;24. whieh is reprinted in 3 Mass. Hist. Coll. VIJI. I'/';.
Ijut this is improbable ; for those constituents were adversaries to our hnr.'-.'Vi^i
colony, and the ropres< ntative would not have been at Salem ou gcKxl Ikpu^
with Endecott and Skelton ; and that titl-. seems hardly consistent with ovjr
text, being in those times very sparingly given, especially by :\lorton, the 'h»-A'-
e>t annalist of Plimouth, from whom all my infonnation of that gentlem.^« 'm
d-ru.-il. Nor do I more incline to the notion, thai the person mentioned »-ii.«
Jl."nsas Levct, who, ^^ith John Wheelwright, Augustine Srory, Thomas V/'v;,
and W illi;im AVentrtorth, is said to have purchased of tour luflian saganv-./^^*,
1' M.iy, IG-2'J, a large tract of land in New Hampshire, by a very K;r.vj>i,
ili'"ig!i, it uill be proved, a spurious deed, preserved in Bellcnap's New li^^-y
^hirc. I. Appen.lix i. In that paper they are indeed called ••all of the :^Uv:^ia-
•■hiu-otts Bay in Xew Eiiglaml." The church of Exeter had, in 163.'). -v^vJx
\\ hccU-riglit, after his baiilslmicnt from our colony, a nu-iulicr of that i:i>^^J^-,
ila/. 1.40:5; but I iimigine none of Wheelwright's followers had yet corr.ii vv
'"ir country. From a long coiTesjjondence. in 1810 and ISI 7, with which k^
wte K,-v. I)i-. Bcntley of Salem favoured me, 1 obtiiined little more th if. a ':&
^'|"i"""i tliat AVintltrop here intended Luv, tt. one of Koger Commt's cor.i,-.A.u-
i»u^. ai!f.;.tor of a numerous and respe<>tai;!,- family in Be\erly. But the a^r'--
"^' '':>, though p!au>ible, did not convince.
' Hubbard, 130, calls him .Mascouomo.

32 JOHN WINTIIROP. [1G30.

could not well turn in, we \v;irpod in our ship and came to an
anchor in the inward harbour.

In the afternoon we went with most of our company on
shore, and our L-aptain gave us five pieces.
[Large blai.k.]

I'inarsday, 17.] We went to Mattachusetts,^ to find out a
place for our sitting down. We went up ]Mistick River about
six miles.^

We lay at iSli. ]\raverick's,^ and returned home on Saturday.

1 It would novN- scHUi strange to iii^c this expression, ' From Salem we ^vont
to Masiiohusetts ; ' but the name, though souietiuies more comprehensive, pou-
era'Jy included only the country lying around the inner bay, usually called
Boston harbour, from Xahant to Point Alderton.

- "We muit pro-tune tiie reckoning to be from Conant's, afterwards called
Govemour's Island, on wliich now Fort Wan-en stands, or at least from Mav-
erick's on Xoddle's Island, because, lio.ing accustomed r.ow to say. Mistick
Uiver empties into Charles Rivor, or Boston harbour, at the easterly point of
Cbarlestown, one would consider it httle over three miles to the limit of boat
na^ igation. The geography was then unknown or unsettled, and Mistick, at
high tide, might as well appear the principal river, as Charles. DudUv sjjeaks
of Charlestown as •' three leagues up Ciiarles River," but he means undoubt-
edly to represent its mouth at the outer lighthouse.

» iVfaverick wa:5 seated on Xottle's or Xo<idle's Island, and was a geutleu.an
of gowl estate ; but the time of his arrival in our country, I believe, has never
been ascertained. As no ;issessment lor the brief campaign agiunst ^dcrry
Mount, 1t;-2h, is laid on him, perhaps he was not then here; yet I conclude
from Johnson's language, lib. I. cliap. xvii, he came in tliat year or the next.
At a court 1 April, 163;l, the first volume of our Colony Records, p. 00, iu-
fonns us. "Xoddle's Island is granted to Mr. Samuel Maverick, to enjov to liim
and his heirs forever, yielding and paying yearly at the general court to the
govemour for the time lieing, either a iat wether, a fat hog, or £lO in money,
and shall give leave to Boston and Charlestown to fetch v.-ood continually, as
their need requires, from the southern part of the said island." Winisemet
Fern-, l)oth to Charlestown and Boston, was also granted to him forever. Jos-
selyn, who viMf.-.i him in July, 1G3.S, calls him, p. 12, "the only hospitable
man in all the country, giving entertainment to all comers gratis;'" but in tlie
chronological observations, p. 2.52, appended to his Voyages, he is strangely
contbunded, as the father of Samuel Ma^ crick, Es(j., the royal comraissiomn- in
16G4, with the Rev. John Maverick, minister of Dorchester. Samuel was not
one of our church members, being, says Hutchinson, an Episcopalian. But so
vere all our fatliers. -b.hnson, in th..' pa->age before referred to, designa\>s
him as "an enemy to the reformation in hand, being strong for the lordlv p.-e-
latlc;a power." This circumstance, poHiaps, saved him from much troulile in

1'330.] JOTEX WIXTITROR 33

A. wo came home,^ we came by Xah.skott, and sent fbr ,,
Cupf. Sqmb ashore — (he had brought the west-countrv
people, viz., Mr. Liidlow,^ Mr. Rossiter,' I\rr. IVravrriek,^'§etc.,
tothf'bay, who were set down at Matrapan.) § — atul ended a
ditlere,R-e^ between him and the pas...^n-er? ; wlir.vnpon he
senM^ boat to hi. ship, (the Mary and John,) and at our

the earlivr year-s of his rc-.idence; but in rhe i-rr^re^s of this Ili.torv he will
be se.a involvf.l in rlitliculty with the party of Dr. Child, petiil.uer; fur ea-
Jargeineut of privileges. He died 10 March, 1G64.

^ lie moans to Salem.

2 The name of Roger Ludlow of>en ocmr^ In our early IrMorv \t the
last gt-neral court of the company in England, he was chosen an as.v.tant In
the ro,:,m U Samuel Sharj., w!,, had the year In-fore come over to Sairm In the
same .h,p with Sk,dt0Q. He was one of the founders of Dorchester' whence
in a},out nve year>, he removed to V.'UuhoT, of which he mav be called ti-.e'
father. In Connecticut he was deiaity governour several times, but }u> scr-ms
tohav,. heen unquiet in hi.-^ domicile, for in lf;;i9 he removed from ■Wmdsor
and t.Muul d Fairfield. In 1054 he removed in disgust to Vi^nnb, where
Frhaps,m his advanced years, he became stationary. Eliot ha, dmwa his
cham..tc>r w.th discrimination. From Hubbard, 1G;>, we learn, that he was
brother-m-Iaw of Kndecotf, whom he rivalled in ardour of temperan.ent.

' Edward Pvos-^iter, Esq., one of the a.Hsistants, Hufhlnson inti-ruio u. .vas of
a good tan.dy ,a the west of E.igbml, whence all the Dorchester people came.
He was one ol the principal encouragers of the settleuient at that pla.-e, the
first town m the ancient county of Suffolk, unle>s Quincv or ^^^e^ mouth mar
d>^•^.ute th,. honour. He died in a i^w months.

'Of the R.V.John Mavt-rl-k I learn nothing, before his conun- to Dor-
(^iK-ter. but that he had been a preacher about forty miles from Exeter In Old
>'ng.aud; and, after his arrival, so little, except what will be f.rnd in our
il'^tury. dunng the tew years of his hte, th.' It v..,v h, unn.-ce-arv to prolou-
tins note.' ' -in

'Til,, cause of tliis dltlercnre, probabiv, is fl.und in the landln- of the pn^
«--ngers^ from the ship, in whirl, th.-y sailed 20 .March, and arrived 30 Mav.
tapt. Roger Clap, who was one of the sulferers, informs us in hi. brief nie-
Bioirs, '• wh.-n w,. came to Xantasket, Capt. Scpieb, who was captain of that
J-'rt-at .ship of four hun.Ircd tons, would not bring us into Chario> Rlvt-r v< he
^-^s b.oun,l to do, but put us ashore, and our goods, on Nauta^kr-t Point, and
♦-•ft I's to .-.hitl tor ourselves in a forlorn pWe In this wllderm-ss ; " and a Ilttl-
I.irth..ron...Capt. Squeb turn.,.l ashore us an.l our goods, like a nu-relless
I'-;"' 1 nunln,!!, In a not^ on Vo!. F p. 8, oHus Ill-torvof Ct)nne,-U.Mt. sev -nd
" ;^i'-'.<e l-r.t settlers canu- In this a e.sel, .■.:.v\s. the ma.ter "ua^ afu rwards
Ii'oh! to pay dauMges for this conduet." Ih- L.^v.-s us to conjertur.- In, a.i-
••^'•nu, wl.u-h was periiaps a confrmporaneous manuscript of some -er,il,-man
*" r^^'iifcr ag" and <listinction tliari Clap.

34 JOHN ^^TNTIIROP. [1630.

♦on 11 parting [I gave us five pieces. At our return we found
the Ambro.-ie in the harbour at Salem.

Thursday, July 1.] The Mayflower and the Wliale arrived
safe in Charlton harbour. Their passengers were all in health,
but most of their cuttle dead, (whereof a mare and horse of
mine). Some || -stone [j horses came over in good plight,

Friday, 2.] The Talbot^ arrived there. She had lost four-
teen passengers.

My son, Henry Winihrop,^ was drowned at Salem.

Saturday, 3. J The Hopewell, and William and Francis ar-
rived.

Monday, 5.] The Trial arrived at Charlton, and the Charles
at Salem.

Tuesday, 6.] The Success arrived. She had [blank] goals
and lost [blr.nk] of them, and many of her p^isseripers wert^.
near starved, etc.

Wednesday, 7.] The Lion went back to Salem.^

It firing II ir-frwl!

1 This ship had parted company with the rest, on 15 April, in a storm.

- Dirlicacy permitted the author to say no more of this son, whose nanip in
the original jMS. is deuott'<i only by the initials; but this brlfcf sentence from
Hubbard, 131, will be easily indulged: " A sprightly and hopeful young gentle-
man he was, who, though he escaped the danger of the main sea, yet was un-
happily drowned in a snuill creek, not long after he came ashore, es-en the
very next day, July the 2d, after his landing, to the no small grief of his
friends, and the rest ot tlie company." lie was baptized 10 .January, 160 7, o.
S. It will be recollected, that he, with j\Ir. Pelham, had accidentally lo^t his
passage in the ship •with his faih.M-, to ihul another in one of those remaining at
Sonthamjiton. His fatiicr's touching notice of his untimely death will be found
in the first letter to his wife from America, given in the Appendix A. From
tlie langiuige the conclusion is unavoidable, that the young man had been mar-
ried bi'fore they came from England, lea\ing his wife with her mother-in-law ;
and from a previous letter, written 2 March, after taking leave, she was, I pre-
sume, in an advanced state of pregnancy. The genealogy of the family nien-
tions, that he niarrie<l a Fones, his cousin, and left issue a daughter, who was
baptized Martha, on Sunday, May, lOoO. He was the second son, and of the
age of twenty-two years at his doatli.

* Whence she came hart, is matter of conjecture, tor in the text it has not
been told, that she letl S dcui, after being fii-st tbuml by our author in that har-
bour on his arrival. 1 am induced to think, from a comparison of Prince, I.
201, 207, 2 il, contrary to his oi)inii)n of her landing Ashley at I'enobscot in
May, that she had gone there in June from Salem, being in the emphnnnent of

- V ?■».

5v.^

1760637

1{;;30.] JOIIN WIX iili;OP. 35

Thursday, S.j We kept a diiy of thanksgiving in all the.
plantations.

[Large blank. i]

Thursday, August IS.] Capt. Endecott and Gib- ,^.

son- were married by the govcrnour and Mr. Wilson.^

Saturday, 20.] 'J'he French ship called the Gift, came into
the harbour at Charlion. Slie had been twelve weeks at sea,
and lo.t one passenger and twelve goats; she delivered six.

Monday we kept a court.*

the Plimouth people, proKnbly, and not of uar<. After this return our goveni-
our ina'le a contrd<-t with the master to go to the nearest port in England for
provi-iinns.

1 Another ship, with passengers, came in on 31 July, see Bradford's Letter-
}'<H)k. in 1 :Ma^.-,. Hist. Coll. III. 76, Pul!ot's< 'eiter of 2 August, 1630, to him.
})y a letter of 14 August, from the Governour to his son, in the appendix, it
appears that the ship was Hew.on's. Thomas Ilewson, or Huson, a member of
t!u^ CouApany in London, like Cradock, its former Governour, maintained a
jilantation for himself, which was, I think, at Marblehead.

- In Frince. 1. 178. is preserved a letter from Cradock, in London, to Ende-
cott.. of the year befoi'e, from which wc learn, rlyvt. Endecott brought a wife
from England, of the time of whose death wc are ignorant. Morton, the
rt-andulous author of New English Canaan, insinuates, that she perished by
the (jiKickery of Fuller of Plimouth. Two sea.<:oiiS of disease had afflicted the
coluni.sts at Salem, and the highest seem, equally with the lowest, to have beon
expo.scd to its power. Ey the kindness of the late Eev. William Bentley, the
diligent historian of Sa^em, I learn that the name of this second wife was Eli-
xaU'th, and, from our Probate llecords, that she survived her husband.

^ Of theKev. John "Wilson's biography abundant materials are furnished iiv
this Ilisioi-y and most other books about our early affairs, and most copiou>ly
b\ >[athi;r, which are ha{)pily abbreviated by the amiable Eliot in his New
England Dictionary, and Emerson in his History of the First Church. Ills
will is in our Probate Records, VL p. 1. Having been minister at Sudbury,
be was well known to liis neighbour, our author, before their imdert^-vking this
work of leaving their native countrv.

* Johnson says, tliis court was holden 23 August, on boanl the Arbella. As
f>" adds, that "Winthrop was then chosen governour. and Dudl. y, deputy, which
1 'igrvc with Prince in thinking improbable, since, they had before been chosen
•n l^ighmd, and our records have no ti-nce of such election, it may also be
d.,iib(i'.! whether tl:e a,-<sistants' meeting was held on shipboard. The record
?<«>'. thf court was at Charlton, and, we mav imagine, the ''^reat house"
«''uM !iavo been the most convenient pince. He is, however, right in his date,
ai>d ti: • r-aJcr will remark, that, in noting events a few weeks b< fore and after
t-Jii tunc, the governour seems to fail of his usual dili<ierice. It mav be ao-

'\Zdm'>^i

36 JOHN WINTJ.'ROP. [1630.

'31 Friday, 27.] We, of the congregation, kept a fast, and

countc-'l for, either by lii^ ;/7icf oii account of Li-i son's death, or anxietv from
the extraordinary pnss of business in the circumstances of the new colonv.
The two preceding dates are erroneous. 'J he 20tli of August was Friday, not
Saturday. Endecott's ni.irriagc, if it were on Thursday, was solemiii/ed on
the l;ith, or ii' on the IStli it was Wednesday. The name of the mouth is in-
deed inserted, in the ]MS., not against the line in which the wedding is men-
tioned, but tlie next I'.ut the dates before an.i after convince me, t};at Au-
gust, and not July, is th..- dale intended for Endecott's union : and I gather a
slight eoufirnuition of my judgment from the fact of his absence from this court.
Johnson was, also, at Salem, near his djing wife.

The tran.suctions of this fust court are snfliciently interesting to excuse the
extract from Prince, quutiai:- the Colony Records: " Ang. 23. ' Thd first court
of as>Istants held at Charh-stown. Prestut Gov. Winthrop, ]:)eput\- Gov.
Dudley, Sir Richard Saltonstall, IMr. Ludlov/, Rossiter, XowelL T. Sharp,
Pynchon, and P>rad.-treet ; v'l.-rein the fir^it thir.g propounded i.^. How 4.he., min-
isters shall be niaintaincd, Mr. \\'iIson and Philiijjs only proposed : .andjordercd,
that hous./s be built for il in with conveniont speed at tiie public eharge.
Sir 1.-. S.ihonsrall ue.dt rlool. to see it done at his plantation for >*dr. Phillips;
and the governour at the other plantiiiion tor 1\h: ^Vilson; I^Jr. Phillips to have
thirty pounds a year, beginning at the fii-^t of September next; Mr. Wilson to
have twenty pKjunds a year till his wife come over, beginning at 10 July last;
all this at thf common cliarue, those of .Mattapan and Salem excepted. Or-
dered, that IMorton o!' Momit WoUaston, be sent for presently; and that car-
penftTs, joiners, bricklayers, sa-ssyers, and thatohers, take no more than two
shillings a day, under pain of ten shillings to giver and taker."

S'l'!' w;i< the first (iiruial hgislation of ^Massachusetts. But in March follow-
ing, artlfi. CIS wore left o*^ li!...-rty to agree for their wages, Prince, 11. 2.3, from
Colony iiecords, th.-ugh i am sorry to ob.-erve, that, two years after, the -wis-
dom of experience was ^lightcd. and the absurd j^ollcy of legal rates restored.
For nu'iv y<.ars, this ii a:i;'.rL:.ve v.'th tlie fa eedom of contracts was more or
Iess.-c\eu-, but the very iriia.,> of enforcing it, probably, comluced to the alK.lI-
tion of the prejudice. Jr wa.- ieft to the i'reemen of the several towns, from
time to time, as occasion lui-lit require, to agree among them>elves about die
prices and rates of all ANorkmeu's lal>our and seinants' wages; and to exceed
tliosc rates was auide penal. In t!ie adjustment, great divei-sity would soon
arise in dlti'ereut places, to prevent which, it was pro\Ided, that if anv town
had cause <.f complaint against the freeuuMi of any other toAn, for allowing
greater wapcs than thi-mselves. it .should be in tlic power of tin- county court to
adopt uniform regulations. J)uring the war of our revolution. It is \ntlun tiie
reeoHeciiDM of many, that, to eounteraet tiie inevitable embarrassment ari>Ing
from tlie dei>reeiation of llie pajier euiTcncy, arbitrary values were afilxed to
all commodities by an agreement, which was shown by experiment to be im-
I'racti ul.'e, a:'ler reason ha.I in \ain p.-ovjd it unjust. See President Ivirk-
land's Life of Fisher Ames, p. xi.

1G30.] JOifX WENTireOR 3-7

clio.^e -Afi". Wilson orr toachcr,^ and iVFr. Nov/ell^ an eldr-r,' *31

1 Between the offices of teacher and'pastor there was, we know, some slight
difrereucc in the early tiino.s; tor, ou Cottons arrival three years ,'Lfler, he was
chosea teacher, Wilson Laving a year before been made pastor. Yet these
terms, though at first disduct, soon became convertible, and not much can with
certainty be known of the distinction. Eliot says, — Biographical Dictionary,
Skflton, — 'Olr. Skelton, being farther advanced in years, was constituted
pa^-.or of Salem church, Mr. lligginsoii, teacher." That author, however, in
his Essays on the Ecclesiastical Historv- of :,LTssachusetts, felt the same diffi-
culty as I have; for he says, 1 Hist. Coll. TIT. 271, "we, who make no such
disiinct.un ot ollices, think it strange, that there should have been such differ-
ence between pastor and teaching elders; for we suppose any man, who can
leed the peoi.le with knowlol-e, is qualified fur one otHce equally with another.
But It appears from the ecclesiastical history of this country, that a very
GKEAT DisTiN-CTiox was made in the early state of their settlement. They
f-7teenied many to be excelleut t^ach^.rs, whom they would not endow with the
pastoral c^re." This seems to me too strongly stated. Cotton was an older
and a greater man than ^^■ii-on, yet the latter was pastor, n\<l^l^<o,^ cannot
be postponed to Skelton, except for his years; and as ho took^Lis decn-f^es at
Cambridge, 1000, being then of Jesus CoIIet^e, and 1613, bein- then of St
John's, wlule Skelton, who va. of Clare Hall, was two years later, he was ad-
vanced enough in years to be either pastor or teacher. Maverick, the t-acher
of Dorchester, was older than Warham. Several instances in oilier towns of
mtenr.nty of the talents, if not ch.ai-acter, of the pastor may be found, I think,
in our early churches. Still tJie reason of Dr. Eliot's distinction mav be sup-
TKirted by the rule of tlie clerical constitutions. See Tnunbull, I. 282. 2S3,
and the numerous authorities.

2 Increase Xov:ell, Esq.. had hoeii chosen an assistant in England, and was a
person of high consideration in the colony, of which he was^ long secretary.
He died p-wr, 1 Xovember, 165.3. 3 Hist. CoU. I. 47,

' Tii,^ othce or rulin,j elder was generally kept up hardly more than fith-
y<-\i:-<, though in a few churches it continued to the middle of the last centurv%
ij'n, h reduced, however, in importance, and hardly distinguishable from that of
<_!>--^'on. ^Thc title of ciders is retained from the beginning as a name for min-
i.sr.T--. IViuce, I. 92, dehneates from high authorities the ditference between
''"'•Ai;,^and ruling elders, dius: '-Pastors, or teaching eldei-:^, who have the
P^wor both of overseeing, teaching, administering the sacraments, and ruUng
t^xi. bemg chieHy to give themselves to studying, teaching, and the spiritual care
o' the (lock, are therefore to be maintained." " .Alerc ruling elders, who arc
'J h^-lp tnc pastors in overseeing and ruHng ; that their offices be not tem}H>-
^ry, a,s among the Dutch and French chun-hes, but continual. And being
^^^ qualified in some degree to teach, they are to teach only oi^.-asionally'^
^.!rou;.h necessity, or in their j-a.^'or's absence or illness; but being not to give
■ '-inHhes to study or teaching, they have no .need of maintenance. In"les.s
^-"> two years, it will be seen iu this History, a q)iestion arose, whether the

^01.. I.

;38 JOIEN WIXTILROP. [1030.

*o.-. ^i»d ?*lr. Ga:;er and Mr. Asninwali/ deacons. We u>'ed
imposition of hands, but witii this protestation by all, that

ofllccs of magistratu and ruling elder might be filled at tlie same time bv I'ne
same person. Tliis uiay in our days appear quite miimportaut, as the elder
•was not required to i^ive himself to study or teaching, and -vvas allowed no
maintenance by tlu^ c ongrogatiou. Rut in the primitive times it was so iinj>or-
tant, that our fathers of Boston took the advice of distant churches. Perhaps
it was intendeu, by tho.-e who raised the inquiry, only to make Nowell ki--,-
down one of his titles. Happily he preferred to retain the station that de-
manded most service, and continued a magistrate.

The comparative discsteem, into which the office of ruling elder sooa fell,
vasverj- pathetically lamented by mnny of the early planters in their later
■years. In a tract, by Jo.-hua Scottow, loOl, under the whimsical title of " Old
Ivleu's Tears for their own Declensions, mixed with Fears of their and Postcvi-
ties' further falling oil fi-om Xew England's primitive Constitution," this sad
presitgt of port'-a-iing judgments is thus treated: "It's not imknown, that
some chiireheS; ia layihg their foimdation, did solemnly promise and covenant,
befi)re God. and one to another, that they would be furnished with two teach-
ing and tv.-o ruling eWers ; but ir 's not attended to. It was not for want of
maiutoriancc ; no, nligion hath brought forth riches, but the daughter hath
devoured the rnotiK-r, as was said and observed of old."

'• "\Vhere are the i cling elders, who as porters were wont to in-;pect our sanc-
tuary gates, and to take a turn upon the walls? Is not the remembrance of
such an officer ahuost lo>t and extinct, though the scripture and the platform
of church discipline expressly declare l<)r them, and set out their particular
charge and Avork V It was an affecting question put forth by one of about fifty
years old, born in the communion of our churches. con( erning ruling elders,
M-hat these men were, who w ere formerly so called ; professing, in time of their
minority, there were such men to their remembrance, but since had fororotten
what they were, and therefore desired resolution."

lie prucoeds to relate, tliat it is "<p!ostioned by some among us, whether such
an ofHcer be jure divino, or any rule for them in God's word, which occasion^ a
reverend elder to take up the argument against such, and bewails the neglect
of them in the churches, as a sad omen of their turning pojmlar or prelatical,
and if so, tlien to be regidated either by lord brediren or lord bishops. I.; not
tills a great derogation from Christ's authority to say, that deacons may serve
tlie chundies' turn, who may officiate to do these elders' work ? Is it not a pre-
ference of men's pjlitics before Christ's institutes? Did not the practice of
men's prudentials prove the ruin of the churches and rise of Antichrist ? That
our colleges by God's blessing should afibrd materials for teaching elder-.;, ai\d
that our churches sl.oiih! grow so barren, as not to bring forth, nor educate-
men qualified for tin; other, may seem to portend a threatening of Christ's i!e-
parture from them, a> to conjugal communion."

^ Frequent uotl.-e of WiUJam Aspinwal! will be found in this History. U-:
bad come over with his wife, I presume, in the Jleet with "Wijithrop, and cer-

1(530.] JOHN WIaTIIROP. , , 39

it was only as a sir^n of election and confirmation, not of ».-,o
any intent that Mr, Wilson should renounce his |[ minis-
try II he received in England.

iliiioneyli

tainly M-as iu hio^h e<ti.HMn wltli our ]>oople until tlie unha[)py controversy about
antinoniianisui, in -vvhlch, bt-Inir o)i the bide of the iiiajority ot" l>o-ii:ou ohurcli,
he vas too important to get off "with iinj)UTiily. With the other di.sfrdnchised or
di<<"outeiited members, he removed to Khode Islaud, wliich they purchased 24
March, Hi38 ; and was v.ise enough, after the heat subsided, to return. He was
the first secretary of that colony. His otii(;ial signature is ibuiid aftxjr.ward.; iii
our records, as notary imbli^-ic, to protest^! of bills of exchange. I have seen a
very curious tract, entitled, " A brief Description of tlie Fifth ^Monarchy, or
Kingdom that shortly is to come into the '\^'orId ; the Monarch, Subjects, Offi-
cers and Laws thereof and the surpassing Glory, Amplitude, Unity, and Peace
of that Ivingdom, etc. And in the Couclusion there is added a Pjjomosti.cl: of
the Time, when the Fifth Jvingdom shall begin. By William AspinAvajI. ^'.
E." Its title-page is garnished with several texts of scripture distorted in the
usual style of that da}-. •• London, printed by M. Simmons, and are to be sold
by Live well Cliapman at the Cro'vvii in Popesliead Alley, 16.j0." It contains
fourteen pages. Atl:er showing, '' that there is such a thing to be expected in
the world as a fifth monarchy," from Daiu'cl's vision, fulfilled in part by the exe-
cution of Charles I., he ani!('i])ates a tiirtiier progress from the destruction of
all other kings, though '• they have a httle prolonging in life granted after the-
death of Charles Stuart." He comforts himself with the confidence, that " the
spare will be short; it will be but for a scasoii and time; and then will their
lives go for it, as well as Charles; and then, these four monarchies being des-
troyed, the fifth kingdom or monarchy follows immediately." Proceeding
through his inquiries of '• the Sovereign, (Jesus Christ,) subjects, oflicers, and
Lnws of that kingdom," his fanatical vaticination favours us with " some hint of
tliL' tiiiu' when tlio kingdom siiall begin," which he iiad wit cnougli to delay so
I'jiig, that, the event miglit not probalily injure tho ci-cdit of tlie Ucing sooth-
^ay<■^. •• Know, thereibrc, that the uttermost durance of Antichrist's dominion
will 1),. in the year 1673, as I liave proved from scripture in a brief chronology,
ri.'udy to Ik?, put forth." Cromwell, whose power was just then preparing to be
t^tablished, knew well the dangerous tendency of such jargon, unless v/heu
ijM'il h}- himself; but though he applied the civil arm to many other dreamers
ftf King Jesus, I believe he letf the New England seer to the salety of oblivion
or <ontemi)t. A more Useful work, with a well-written preface by him, was
Jwo years after printed in London, by the sanie prhiter, lljr the .^ame Chapman,
^ith tint ludicrous pra-nonien, " An absti'act of Laws and Government," etc.,
" 'i'-'-tcd and digested by Jolui Cotton, of P.o-to.i, in N. E. in his hie time, prc-
•^•m.-tl to our (ieneral Court, "and now publisiK-d after his death by Willlcmi
A-pinwall." This cvMvur,. of his talents is preserved in 1 lli<r. Coll. V. 1S7.
Our P,egivtry of Births mentions, of his children, Edward, born lio September,

40 J<'' IN "WDvTfirOP. [1630.

SeptcnO,er "'O.] ^Jr. Gager died.^
*34 '^''^ About i'A-o ill the )aoniiiig, Mr. T^-,iac Johnson
died: liis wilV, thr- Jf.dy Axbella, of the house of Lincoln,^
being dead about one iTionth before. He was a ho]\'^ man, and
wise, and died in ^wect peace, leaving some ^ part of his sub-
stance io the colony.

The wolves killed six calves at Salem, and they killed one
wolf.

1630, difd I't October frM'.ov. In? ; Hann;..!. horn 2.5 Deceml-er, 16C1; Eilza-
betL, (his wlu-'? DiUDt-,) boai So SeptemiKT. IGSy; Samuel, 30 Septc-mber,
1635; Etlilari, I March, ir.,^7: JJorcas, 14 Febniaiy, 16-iO. But of him or his
family wo V.w.^v riofhiii^.; ntier <.-.!iie years. The respectable family beaiintr tliis
iiau-A-. in f.ur times, of which Tlic.Mas, H. G., lSO-1, Con.^ul of the United States
at London, is now the oldr.-^t, does not descend from liim, but Peter A<pinwall,
from La;io.-] !•<:, T tL'nk, in K /!-;,d, T.l.n. M-^ji jc in oar Regist.-r, hb. YTIL 07.
1 "Wiliiui; Gager, who^c eh'-tiou is irenti-j t'-J in the former p'irap;raph. Gov.
Dudley c.t.y.- '-a right godly nuin, a skilful chyrurgeon." An allowance by the
companv , fvi.a the i^ul'h' treasury, was uiad*^' hiin, on account of his office, but
thjs j)ra<;:.>- dM not contiTiue. He was reckr^nwl of tlie goveruonr's household;
and Lis i .:' .Ijlm i.s rv!i!( nii>.>vud by our author in his will. Sec Appendix.
Thi.s POii wa,--, ]>i-obri!:.Iy. ;; youih. .-ri'd went with the govemour's sou to jSTew-
LoiMion, wiivie, in S<i':-iii\:>--v, I';.v, he coi.np!ained -v^ith others to the commis-
.«:iouers of the Uiiited Colonies against some Lidian outrage. Haz. II. 412.
The nam,- is. perhap.s, p.-i-j^'tuated by descendants in Connectlent ; at least, In
Trumbrll, 11. 53-2, a WiUi-m Ciager, of the second church of Lebanon, is
araong the ministers, '27 M -v, iJ-Jo.

^ 2 Mat!i.-r t;;dls it ''the. l)..st fn.nily of any robleman then in England." Col-
lins's l\-tTdgL- informs us, tiiat 'Jliomas, third Earl of Lincoln, who was descend-
ed of a f.miily that came in with William the Conquerer, had by one wife eight
.-^ons and ivno daiighui-^. x.u) jons and four daughters ditd voung. One
daughter, l-jm-es marn.M! .! ,lin. .<on an-I heir of Sir Ferdinando Gorges ;
another, Sus.uumarri.-d .^ohu Uuufrey; a tlnrd is the lady mentioned iu^tlie
te.KL ]);;,!!, y and T'.riil.'.iv.j; two other of our assi.>tanL*, ha.l lived many
years in (!i.- liuiiily, so tli.U a clns- relation »n Xew Englaad would be acknowl-
edg,.^i by tiu- brotlh'r f,l- this l.idy, Theopliilus, the fourth earl, wlio came to his
title uu the .h-ath nf his fuhcr. l.', January, \6\9. He was a warm patriot oa "
the parli.nu-.t's sir!.- ir- thi ,■],]] war, but. a<t,.r the captivity of vhr- king, being
inelin--! t.^ Tn<.i,.nirir,n, v.ms ;in;.ri<oM..'d and accused of tn:-as<in by th.. ir^urping
pow.T uf t!u- army, wlmh subverted, under Cromwell's direction,' all the pnncJ
pies ot the .•( nstiinticn. Th.- . nrl was in roj.utation at the restoration, and bore
a part i- ;h»- sul.nmlties nf ciowaing Charles TL : and descendants of hi- grand-
filhcr. Henry EicTM.es, the s;-co;id Earl of ].i„.-,,!n T believe, enj^y their I^redi-
tar}' honoras with the augmented tltic of 1 ).ike ot' Newcastle.
' Instead of yomc, wos first written a ijomj.

IQSO.] JOIIN WINTIIKOr. 41

Thomas Morton ^ adjudged to be imprisoned, till he were sent

1 Notice of the court, at which this scnten(?e passed, being the socond, held
7 September, is omitted by the author. Prince, I. 248, gives, from the Colony
Keconls, the pi-oceedings at full length : '• Oitlcred, that Thomas Morton of
Mount Wolla^ton shall presently be set in the bilbowes, and after st^nt prisoner
to England by the ship called the Gift, now returning thither; that all liis
goods shall bo seized to defray the charge of his transportJition, pa\-ment of his
debts, and to give satisfaction to the Indians f.^r a canoe he took unjustly from
them; and tliat his house be burnt down to the ground in sight of the Indians,
for their sjitisfaction for many wrongs he has done thorn."

This settlement at Mount Woliaston, called ^Umtv Mount by 'M-oi-i.-ju, Lnti
been begun in 1G25 by Capt. \yolJaston. In the [Memorial of Nathaniel Mor-
ton, the pious secreUiry of Plimouth colony, a full history- of its sufferings, per-
haps an imnartial one, may be found. The unhappy subject of this note had
gome yeai-s before been established at Weston's plantation at TVessaguscu^s. He
informs us, in his book, that he arrived in June, 1622, of course, in the Ck^rity.
Yor tills puT'lication, called New English Canaan, by Thomas Morton ef <.'iif-
ford's Inn, Gentleman, upon ten Years' Knowledge and Experiment of the
C-Juutr)', printed at Amsterdam by J. F. Stam, lGo7, he undoubtedly repented,
when again exposed to punishment here in 1644, as will be seen in the historj'
of that time. This work is verj- rare, only one copy having ever been heard of
by me, whivh was owned by his Excellency John Q. Adams. It is divide<i into
three books; the first treating of the Indians: the second, of the natural his-
tory; the last, of the people planted there, their prosperity, what remarkable
incidents Lave lui[)pened since, together with the tenets and practice of their
fhui-ch. Tliis part, in thirty-one chapters, is' written in an allegorical style,
shadowing the piincipal characters under fictitious names, insomuch that it Las
to a great degree become hardly intelligible. Endecott suffers his vengeance
under the ajipellation of Littleworth, and Winchrop is aptly called Joshua, and
simamed Tt-mperwell. Dedicating his work to the lords of the privy council,
he says, "it is but a widov>'s u'lte,. yet all that rapine and wrong luith left me to
bring fronj thence." Laudritory vcrse-s are prefixed by Sir Chr. Gardiner and
two others, and some of his own poeiry is occasionally interspersed. In the 23
chapter of the tliird book, his own story of his sufferings is told, which Ave of
this age may read without much injury to our forefather's meuiory : " A court
is called of purpose for mine host, he there convt-nted, and must hear his doom,
before he go. Nor will they admit him to capitulate, and know wheretbre they
are so violent to put such things in practice against a man they never saw bc-
f'jre. Nor will they allow of it, though he dechne their jurisdiction."

"ThcTo they all, with one assent, put him to silence, crying out, Hear the
p'-vcniuur. Hear the govt-rnour, who gave this sentence against mine lifst at
<ir>t sight," as above from the Ilecords. He ascrihes to the governour a reason,
which the chanicter of the age may Induce us to beh'ive was really iitt. -red,
** b-i-ausc the habiUition of the wicked should no more appear in Israel."

lie styles hmisclf "of Clifford's Inn, Gent." but liis mimesake, the Memo-

.42 JorcT vnxTiiROP. [1630.

rialist, from whom all later authors have t;-,ken every tliiuij to his discredit, calls
him '> a pettifogger at Furmvars Inn."' Xo doubt he was a cominou disturber
of tha whole countrv, for the expenses of the expedition against him by Stand-
ish, in IC2S, were assessed on eight dilforeut plantations, in several of which
t];oro was Httle religious sympathy vnih the worthies of Salem and Flimouth.

Thomas Morton is the first writer, who gave currency to the ludicrous report
of a vicarious punishment, for which New England has been jeered in for-
mer and later times. But justice to him requires me to add, that he mentions the
fact only as a prop..<^d, ihit -svus noc agreed to, and thus overthrows the /jos.^j-
Z^/%, wliich Ilubbai-d. 7 7, suj)poses, that justice -'might be executed not on
him that most deserv^'d, but on him that could be be^t spared, or who was not
like to live long, if be h.nd been h't aluu>^" He has, ind^'cd, given the fict
(wl^ich is put beyond doubt by the contemporary relation of Winslow) that the
ffnilt/j man was hanged. See Purchas's Pilg. lib. X. c. 5, Pi-hice, I. 131, and 1
Hj.4. Coll. Yin. 26G. A judicious note, on p. 333 and 4, of the Chronicles of
the Pilgrims contains the sura of the matter; but the author relies too much
on the authority of Prince, in supjwrt of his mistaken report, tliat Morton did
not cnuie over till March, 1025. Low as is our value of d^.e cUaraeter (v
Thomas ISIorton, yet why should we hesitate to believe bis fu-st line of eh. 2 in
Book T. or the plainer statemePt opening ch. I. of the next Book in Xew Eng-
lisli Canaan, "in t'lc :Moneth of June, a-mo salutis 1622, It -.ras my chance to
arrive in the parts of Xew Kngland with thirty st^rvants," etc., etc. ? ' ^\Tiat mo-
tive could he have to misdate ? Dr. Young will correct this in his next edi-
tion of the Chronicles.

Buder's Iludlbias has adiulrably enlarged the ground-work, and decorated
the edifice :

Our bretliren of New England use

Choice Rialefactors to excuse,

And hang the guiltless in tliclr stead,

Of Avhom the churches have less need.

*****«#** -.

A previous brother hasiii^ shiln,

In time of peace, an [li.lian, " " -

*********

The mighty Tottlpotimoy I

Sent to our elders an envoy, • •. .: . ■

Complaiiu'ng sorely of the breach

Of league, held tbiih by brother Patch.

*********

Foi' ^'hi^l' lie crav'd the splints to render
Into his hands, or h::ng tiie otiender.
But they, maturely having weighed.
They had no more but Lini of the trade, —

t The poet may be excused for misappropriating the name of a sachem hi Virtn.ma.

1G30.] JOHX WINTHROP. 4^

into England, and his house burnt down, for his many injuries
Oil Ted to the liidiuns, and othtr iTiisdemeanours. Capt. ,0-
Brook, master of the Gift, reftised to carry him.'^
[Large blank.]
Finch, of M'aieriown, had liis wiq-wam burnt and all his *r,^

goods.

Billjngton- executed at Plimouth for murdering one.
Mr. Phillips, the minister of AVatertown,^ and others, had
their hay* burnt.

A man tliat served them iii a double
Capacity, to preach and cobble, —
Resolv'd to span? ban; yet to do
Tlte Indian Hogan ^Nlogan too
Impartial justice, in his ?tead did
Ilitn^r an old weaver that was bed-rid.

^ Pudley says, he was sent home in iJcjember by the Handmaid.

- Of John Billington, and the ciicunistances of this case, it is rcmai'kable,
that no mention is made in Morton's Xev>- England IMtmonal, though writien
'' with special refei-ence to tlie first colony thereof, called Plimouth." jMorton,
the slanderer, alludes to the murder in a trilling manner. Something may be
loarjjed of it from Hubbard, lOJ, and Prince, 11. 2, 3, extracting from Gov.
liradtbi-d's Kegister, a work unhappily lost. Hutchinson has perhaps digested
pU that can be known, in his Appendix, H. 413, in which he relates, that, on a
doubt of their authority to inflict capital punishment, "\"\'iuthrop's advice 's\'as
Sought and followed.

JiilUngton had con^e over in the first ship, and was soon di:,tinguished among
til it sober peojVie; lor we find, Prince, 1. 103, he was guilty of the /irat offence
in the colony, being iu ilarch, 16-21, "convented before the whole company for
his contempt of the captain's lawful command with opprobrior.s speeches: for
which h.e is adjudged to hnve his neck and heels tied together." The f;uiiily
were four in number. John, his son, in the siunmer following, was five days
lost in the woods, and preserved by the Indians. His son Francis had in Jan-
nary betbre discovered the lake, that from him has the njmie of Billington Sea>
Gov. Bradford, writing to Cushman, June, 1625, says of the father, "Billington
still rails against you, and threatens to arrest you, I know not wherotbre; he is
a knave, and so will live and die." 1 Illst. ColL III. 37. Thi, is much nearer
to prophecy than many sayings which have been so regarded.

' This name is presumed to have beci given by Saltonst;i!l ; but the rvascn
for his choice must be conjectured. A hamlet, called ^V'aterton, which Su-
liiohanl wo'ild ofien pass near in going to or returning from Londo.n, on jour-
neys iVom his estate in Yorksliire, is in the parish of Luddington, on the L<le of
A.vhuluio, on the we^t .^iile of Trent, nci far from its junction \<\i\x the Hun\ber.

* Prmce, U. 3, -who bad not then acquired bo perfect a knowledge of the au-

44 JOTTX Vv^INTIIEOP. QQOQ

The wolves kiUed some s\\-ine at. Saur^nis.
•37 A cow ditd aL riiraoulh, and a ooat at Boston/ with
eating Lidian corn.

October 23.] Mr. Ro.^siier,^ one of the assistants, died.

25.] Mr. Colbnrn'' (who ivas cliosen deacon bv the con,o-re-
gation a week before) was invested by imposition of hands of
the minister and elder.

The governour, upon consideration of the inconveniences
which had grown in England by drijiJcing one to another re-
stramed it at his own table, and wished others to do the like,
" It grew, by little and little, to disuse."'

so as

thor's chirography, as his late experience furmshed, in transcrlbin-. this pa^sa.^e
gave houses, instead of hay. o i' ^ ,

^ Thi. is th. first notice, in ihh work, of the na.ne of tie to^.n, .uidch lad
^ given hy d,e court of ..istants, 7 Sept.n.ber preceding, w.^h thereof
Dorchester ana ^\ ater^own. SX, may be confrdont, taerefl-e, that ihe setrle-
^nt had ma-U. good progress, though Gorges postpones it to the next spnn..
Here i3 pro<.>f, that the nan..- uf our chief city of X..w En-land was 'iven
not, as often i. .rad, artcr the corning of Cotton, but three year! befor. " ^ '
- IIutchiiiM.n. I. 17, could give httle account of this <'entleinan
« A\ illiam Cnlbwrn was a gen.UMn.n of great inOuence in Boston, and repre-
sontat_.ve of the town in 163o, G and 7. The name i. si,elt with seven or ei^ht
vanations, and h,s own slgnatnn-, in a deed now before n.e, is Colbron, thoi^h
the scnvener began, I, WilHanx Coleborne. He wa. \on^ a rulin.. ekler. aft'^r

fieri*? to '"' "'^ ^"^^ ' ^"^' ''''■ ^^'' ''^ '' "' ^^' ^'^^'^ «'-
; In the MS. vohnne of this work last found,! disco^en.d a loose paper con-
teming reasons for a law against this custom, written, probably, by Winthron
^vhzch appear, snfficient-y inteve.i.g. to inquirers i.to\he cu^m. of cln- ^
tners, to justify its insertion.

" (1 ) Such a law a. tcr.ds to the suppressing of a vain custom (.juatcnus it
so doth) IS a wholesome law. This law doth so,-ergo. The mino, is proved
thus: I. Lvery empty and ineilectual representation of serious things is^a way
Of vamty. l.ut th,s custom is such : for it is intended to hold f,rth love and
m.hesot health whud. are senous things, by drinking, wWch, neither in the
-^e nor use, it . able to elle-t; f. it i. looked at as a n.ere compliment, and
iBiiOc t.»kenasnn argimient of-love, whieh on,dit to be uutei.MiPd.-eP-o o
To employ t!,e cn-atut., out of its n.tund use, witlu-ut warmnt uf authorit^;
i^ece^, y or convemeney, i. a way of vanity. }5ut this custom doth so,-cv>:o.
y.) Suehalawa. tVees a n, .u tVoni iVoquent and needless teu,ptationAo
^Ter^o f ''' '''■ ^'^""'^'""-"^ '' ■^" ^'"^''^ '^ '^ wholesnu,e law. B,it thi^^ doth so,
On such arguments a law was 2>assed, as may be seen, 10 mo. 16J9.

1(300.] JOHN WrNTIIROP. 45

29.] The Handmaid aiTived at Plimoutli, having been
twelve weeks at sea, and spent all her masts, and of twenty-
eight cows she lost ten. She had about sixty passengers, who
came all weJJ ; John Grant, master.

Mr. Goffe wrote to me, that his shipping this year had utterly
undone him.

* She bronglit out twenty-eight heifers, but brought but sev-
enteen alive.**

November 11.] The master came to Boston with Capt. *oq
Standish" and two gentlemen passengers, who came to
plant here, but having no testimony, we would not receive
ihem,

10.] [blank] Firmin, of Vv'atertown, had his wigwam burnt.

Divers had their hay-stack? burnt by burning the grass.

27.] TliiPC of the governours servants were from this day
to the 1 of Dect^raber ab'-oad in his skilT among the islands, in
bitter frost and snow, being kept from home by the X. W.
wind, and vcithout victuals. At length they gat to Mount
Wollaston,^ and left their boat tlure, and came home b}- land.
Laus Deo.

December 6.] The governoiu and most of the assistants,
and others, met at Roxbury, and there agreed to build a town
fortified upon the neck between that and Boston, and a com-
mittee was appointed to consider of all things requisite, etc.

11.] The cormnittee met at Eoxbtiry, and upon further con-
sideration, for reasons, it was concluded, that we could not
ha\e a town in the place aforesaid : 1. Because men would
be forced to keep tw^o families. 2. The^e was no running
v-ater; and if there were any springs, they would not sutttce
the town. 3. The most part of the people had built already.

* This i-; easily rendered consistent with loss of ten by supposing, that it be-
c';!iMe necessary to kill one for food, from the unusual length of the passiigc. I
do not think the govi-mour erased this sentence.

- Mik-s Sta':di>h is treated by Dr. B.-lkiiap, in liIs American Biogra]ihy, \viih
!*'i<-h ttdicity, tliat it cannot be nect-ssary for nio to protract this nott> any fur-
tlier than to advise tlie reader, who ilcsires more knowh'dge of hiin, to consult
Jud;:c DavisV edition of Morton.

' For snnio account of the first sctrloinent in this plai'e, whl'-h is the uorth-
»-'L'*tern promontory of Quincy, fonnerly of Braintree, sec note on page o4.

4G - JOHN ^\7\TimOP. [1630.

and would not be able to build again. So we agreed to meet
at Watertown that day sen'night, and in the meantime other
places should be viewed.

Capt. NeaU and three other gentlemen came iiither to us.
,oQ lie came in the bark Warwick, this summer, to Pascata-
qua, sent as governour there for Sir Ferdinando Gorges
and others.

21.] We met again at Watertown, and there, upon view of
a place a mile beneath the town, all agreed it a lit place for
a Ij fortified || - town, and we took time to consider further
about it.

24.] Till this time there was (for the most part) fair, open
wearher, with gentle frosts in the night; but this day the wind
came N. W., very strong, and some snow withal, but so cold
as some had thei- fn^^ors frozen, and in danger to be lost.
Three of the governour's servants, coming in a sliallop from
II beautiful I j

1 "Walter NeaJ, ^rhose name mil occur Sfveral times in tlie oaily parts of this
Ejs--tor\-, had, in Scpteniljer preffdinu, as app.-ars from tlie letter of Thomas
Eyre, in Belknap's X. }l. [.Appendix ii. promi^^ed to discover the lakes, in
■which the chief purpose of his employers, probalily, -was to st-eure a monopoly
of the beaver trade. Tiie vessel, as is betbre mentioned in the text, p. 7, had
been fitted out in March, perhaps with Xeal on board, to join, as was thoujrht,
the fleet, which brought ^^'iutLrop and his companions ; but froni her not join-
jug, they feared she had been captured by the Duukirkers. As the scheme of
the adventurers would require secrecy and despatch, perhaps the report of tlieir
intention to join our fleet was only a pretence. She arrived late in jNLay; for the
letter of Eyre acknowlodgi^.; "a good aceonnt of your times spent from the first
of June." Xi-al lefl X( \v En;.lanJ in Augu-t, 1633, as appears in this work
and articles vi. vii. and vlji. of the Appendix above-mentioned; and nothing
more is known of hlni, but tin- forgery of his nam^' to a deed, as a witness, a
little more than a year before the probable date of his first arrival.

2 Dr. Holmes, in his History of Cambridge, 1 Hist. Coll. "\'Jr. <3, and Ameri-
can Annals, I. 262, note 1, was kd into error by the former edition of this work.
"A fit place for a btantiful town" it certainly was; but our fathers, at that
time, were chieliy solicitous for the securitij of their dwellings. This note, how-
ever, Is madi-, not so much to correct the mistake, as to expres.? my high serine
of the value of that writer's labours. Ilii accuracy is wonderfullv preserved
tlirough two large volumes, surjiassiug thai of all other authors on Ainerican.
Li.-tory, except Prince, tlie interruptiou of whose work is a misfcrtune that can
n'^ver wholly be coinpeusatod, because we can ncvt-r retrieve the lo.-s of his
materials.

lG:iO.] Joiix 'v\'i2rniror. 47

Mi<tlck, were driven by the wind upon Noddle's^ Ireland, and
forced to stay there all that nighi, without fire or food; yet,
ilirongh God's mercy, they came safe to Boston next day, but
the fingers of two of them were blistered with cold, and one
swooned when he came to the fire.

2G,] Tlie rivers were frozen up, and they of Charlton could
not come to the sermon at Boston till the afternoon at high
water.

Many of our cows and goats were forced to be still j| abroad |]
for want of houses.

28.] Richard Garrett,- a shoemaker of Boston, and one of
the congregation there, with one of his daughters, a young
maid, ond four others, went towards Plimouth in a shallop,
against the advice of his friends ; and about the Giirnett's
Nose the wind ovc.-bh w so much at N, W. as th'.'y w^rc ».^j
forced to come to a |{-killocki! at twenty falhom, but
their boat drave and shiikcd out tlie |j^sione, jj ami they were
put to sea, and the boat took in much water, which did freeze
so hard as they could not free her; so they gave themselves for
lost, and, comnmending themselves to God, they disposed them-
selves to die ; but one of their company espying land near
Cape Cod, they made .-hift to hoist up part of their sail, and,
by God's special proviilence, Vv'ere carried through the rocks to
the shore, where some gat on land, but some had their legs
frozen into the ice, so is they were forced to be cut out. Being
come on shore they kindled a fire, but, having no hotchet, they
could get little wood, t\n(] were forced to He in the open air cM
night, .being extremely cold. In the morning two of their
II aboard Ij |- hillock !| IpsteruJI

* rrinco, n. 29, giving the names of several aflniitted, In May following,
Irt'i'mon of the colony, among whom is Williara Xoddlc, adds iu a note, " Per-
hjips Noddle's Island might deiive its name from him."

- The word is printed thus by me, althougli the governour's MS. rather looks
like (Jarrard, because that wa? the true naiive of the sutTirer. Prince iiuvkes
iho same correction, t<iking the story from our author. Hubbard, 138, has it
naTi ; but the original. !MS. of that author, mUo borrowed wholly from Win-
thr*.;i, wns-, perliaps, more faitliful in its rej.ivsentation. In t]\e Fir^t Church
Il4'iin!->, I find Garrett's name, af a ineml-er, No. .'*j, and he v.as, undoubtedly,
<>iu'. of tiic passengers in the fleet of 1630.

48 JOPIN WJXTHKOP. [1630.

company went towards }-*liniovith, (supposbig it had been
within seven or eii^ht mile:;, v/hereas it w^as near fifty mile.-i
from them). ]3y the way they met with two Indian squaws,
who, coming home, told their husbands that they had met two
Englishmen, 'i'hey thinking (as it w^as) that they had been
shi[)wrecked, made after them, and brought ihem back to their
Avigwam, and entertained them kindly; and one of them went
witJ! them tlui next day to Plimouth, and the otlier went to
fmd out their boat and the rest of theii- company, which were
seven miles olf, and having fo;md them, he holp them what he
could, and returned to his wigwam., and fetched a hatchet, and
built them a \s'igwam and covered it, and gat them w^ood (for
they were so w^eak and frozen, as they could not stir;) and
Garrett died about two days after his landing ; and the ground
being so frozen as they could not dig his grave, the Indian
hewed a hole about half a yard deep, \vith his hatchet, and
ha^ing laid the corpse in it, lie laid over it a great heap of
wood to keep it from the wolves. By this time the govern our
of I^limouth had sent tluree men to them wdth provisions, who
being come, and not able to launch their boat, (which with
the strong N. V,". wind was driven up to the high water mark.)
the Indian retttrned to Plimouth and fetclted three more; but
before they came, they had laitnched their boat, and Avith a fair
southerly wind were gotten to Plimouth, where anc»ther of their
company died, his llesh being mortified with the frost; and the
two who went towards Plimouth died also, one of them being
not able to get thither, and the ether had his feet so frozen as
Uv. died of it after. The girl c.-caped best, and one Harwood.^
,,^ a godly man of the congregation of J^oslon, lay long
under the surgeon's hands; and it Avas above six weeks

1 ILirwootl -was one of the earliest brethren of tlie ch.urcli, being No. 27.
From the Colony Koconls, I. 82, it may be learned, that our court of a?.si.staut.-,
16 August follo'.ving. ordered, " tliat the executors of IticharJ Garrett shall jiay
unto Uenry llarwood the sum of twi'nty nobles, according to the proportion
that the goods of the sisid llichard Garrett shall amount unto." This looks ht-
tlc like satisfacti'jn of a debt, legally considered, and must, I think, be a provi-
sion, out of the estate of the dead, tor the dajiger and sutFering, into which the
living man had been led by hlai. As tuch it may be con.^Idered an imitatiuu of
oriental jurisprudenee.

1030.] JOHN AYIXTrP.Or. 49"

l)i,-fi.rc they could get the ];oat from Plimouth ; and in their ro-
turii ihey were nmeh distressed ; yet their boat was very well
inaiu.'ed, the want wht reof before was the cause of their loss.

January.] A house at Dorcliestcr Avas burnt down.

February 11.] i\Ir. lu-eeman's'' house at Watcrtown was
burned down, but, being in the daytime, his goods were saved.

o.] The ship Lyon, Mr. William Peirce, master, arrived at
Xantasket. She brought Mr. Williams,^ (a godly || minis-

^ Samuel Freeman, I am told, fame frmu Devonsliii-e, anil -was one of the
chief planters at "Watertown. Ili.^ name is in tl;o list of poT^ons ife.<tring to be
ma<le treenien, Prince, II. 4 : but the record of his admission I find not till
fi-von or f'-'Tixr -"-op-^- n*>cr. Tradition in the family informs of his return home.
Ili.s older son, Henry, it is said, died in 1672, on the paternal estate, and that
branch of the fuinily ceased wil-h his grandcliildren. EiUnund Freeman, one
of the earliest settlers at Sandwich, assistant of Plimouth colony in 1640 and
foUo'ving years, and .Tohn Frei-man, one of the fathers of Eastham, assistant in
that colony in 16G0 and follov.ing years, are t>y tradition reported to have been
brothers of tliis "Waterton-n gentleman ; but it is not known whether it were a
.«c>n or grandson Kdmund. v,ho in I6-I0 married Rebeec'., daughter of Gov.
Prence, T>ho had previousl}- nirivried his widowed mother. Part of the govem-
cur's c^Uitc at Eastham is still <.njoyed by descendants of the Freeman race.^
Tliis name is extremely conmion in the county of Barnstable, and has sent out
it< branches to other parts widely. jMy friend, the late Pev. Br. James Free-
n-.an, who died 14 Xc vember, 1835, a most careful student of our geography,
and early liistory, was great, great, great graudson of the first Samuel. V»'ater-
t'jwu Kcrords show, •• Samuel, the iOU of Samuel and Apjihia Freeman, born
II (;i), 1G38."

- The biography of lloger AVilliams deserved more attention than it had
thirty years ago received, but would lead nie too far from my presLut under-
t.iking, even were iioi tlie attcn.pt to do full justice to his merit above my ability.
In our connnoii books he is said to have studic^d at the University of Oxford,
^i"l his hte proves lie had there learned more than in that day w-as commonly
-'■' -'lit. Had Belkuaji lived to enlarge the number of volumes of his American
l!:':_'n>pliy, his a^-lduily and judgment would have raised this pilgrim, whose
'-''.iiw for some generations M'as oppressed with caliminy, to a rank inferior, non
••'«i;'o intervaHo, only to the two AVinthrops, Brewster, Bradford, and Penn.
i "r the ell'cct that bigotry and folly produced in Massachusetts, we refer to
Jlt:bl<ird, '20S, who transcribed his facts from "Morton, and to :Mathcr, too long
!ii'- <iili-f authority In our ecclesiastical aiTairs, though justice Avas done nearly
t^nt.' hundred and twenty y.-ars since by the reverend historian of Rhode IsUmd.
i .'"m the utter condeuuiation that most of our theologians of the fir-r and second
;:» "■^nmoii denounced aiiainsl. him, tor vinilicaling the liberty of worshij>piug God
■• ^■■"i! ding to the light of conscience, Williams was partiiUly preserved by an iucon-

VUL. I. » 5

50 JOHN WIXTFTROP. [1630.

*42 ter, IP) with Ms wife, Mr. Throgmorton," [blnnk] Perkins,

s)?tency, to wlilchhe was led in the btter years of his life by aversion totno Qua-
kers; and this temporar}' change to intolerance gained hira tho title of '-child
of light," which the blameless policy and virtue of a long adnaini-^iration in the
flourishing plantation of ^ro^idcn(>e had not deserved. The amiable historian
of Salem, and the author of 2sew England Biographical Dictionary, -were, in
our times, the first to confer due honour on his cliaracter. The examination
j)TQKoke<l by the former does little injury to an}- but the writer of Remarks in
1 Ilist. Coll. YII. introd. Deficiency in all former accounts oi this great, car-
lie-it assertor of religious freedom, has ber-n wtil suppUed by a gentleman,
whose elegance and perspicuity ov style are fLiliy known. Several quires
of original letters of Williams hare been seen by me, transcribed by or for
the Kev. Mr. Greenwood of this city; and other materials ai-e abundant.
He lived to a good old age, r^nd deserves peculiar honour from virtuous politi-
cians for his conduct to the Indians, and from men of.-scien.-e fur his resvSirvbes
into their language. In Benedict's General History of the Baptist', 1. 473, it
is said, that he rt-celved a liberal education under the patronage of the sreat
Sir Edward Coke. The authoiity for this is the records of "Williams's own
church at Pro\idence. I have examined that volume, and regret to fay, that it
■was compiled within sbcty years. ]>robab!y by Gov. IIuj)kins. He is there said
to have studied tlie law vith the same oracle, bnt, perhaps, it was rather under
liis advice. The traditions in this case may be worth more than such trath'tions
usually are. "Williams certainly displays a knowlcilge of general principles of
equity and jurispn-udence beyond many practitioners of the science m that time,
a'ler all allowances for his rigid rejection of many harmless poinis, which will
be disclosed in this IIist(jry. From c memorandum on the back of a letter of
Williams to !Mrs. Ann Sadler, about 1G52, I ascertain, that the Lord Chief
Justice had favored him so far as to procure Lis admission at a school of high
distinction, called Sutton's Hospital, noAv tlie Charter Ilou-e. ^^Ir.--. Sadler was
daughter of Sir Edward Coke. Letters of Williams and of ]\lrs. S iilk-r are in
llie Library of Tiinit)- College, Canibri<.lge. Sec Elton's Life of I(. W., pp.
DG-IO'O.

1 In the original MS. this word has been tampered with, perhnps by some
zealot; yet it appears clearly enougli to be Winthrop's usual alibreviatlon for
that which is restored in the text, and Prince read it as I do.

- We nxay think, he was that George Tliockniorton, freeman, 18 May, 1631 ;
yet his baptismal name ma}- be Johu. John Thrograorton, from a note in
Hutchinson, T. o71, it aiijiear--, v.-as thon.ght, by the fiery Hugh Peter, worthy
of the same persecution thai drove Williams to Providence. The original let-
ter is preserved by our Ili.-iorieal Sociery. From Calleuder we learn, that he
followfd his spiritual iruide. and by hluj ho is nieiitione.l in a lett.r of IGo?,
3 Hist. Coll. 1. 17-_>. The name i-^ per[.etuated at -Salem, as the Uev. Dr. Bent-
ley informed me, li}- Throgmijrton's Cove.

15:30.] . JOv.y wiNTiiRor. 51

[blank] jjOns-, IP and others, with their wives and chil-
tircn, aboiii t\veiii.y passengers, and about t^vo hundred * ,.^
ton? of goods. She set sail from Bristol, December 1.
She had a very tempestuous passage, yet, through C4od's mer-
cy, all her people came safe, except "Way- his son, who fell
from the spritsail yard in a tempest, and could not be recover-
ed, though ho kept in sight near a quarter of an hour. Her
goods also canie all in good condition.

S.] The governour wcn.t aboard the Lyon, riding by Long
Island.

9.] The Lyon cam.e to an anchor before Boston, where she
rode very v.ell, notwithstanding the great drift of ice.

10.] The frost brake up; and after that, though we had
many |1 ^ snows [| and sharp frost, yet they continued not, neither
wt-re the wat-j-s frozen up as before. It liath been observed,
ever since this bay v.'as planted^ by Englishmen, viz., seven
years, that at this day the frost hath broken up every year.
ilAii;_Te,'i p storms !|

1 This word lias pc-rplcxed mc much. It was cortlinly given wi-ong in the
former odition, liir the first lett<rf is a capital 0. Presuming that the others
were n, ?/, e, and that the governour wrote the word as frequently pronounced,
I once inserted Olney, with much confidence in the substitution, as by Salem
church Thomas Olney was excommimicated, Hutchinson, I. 371, for uniiing in
the erroi-s with ^rillinans. But it is actually -written Onge, a name so unusual,
that it T.as not adopted before I f:^und, by Waierto'mi Kecords, Frances Ong,
widow, buried 12 (9), 1638, and in our county Register, 1643, a mortgage to
the children o^ tho deceased, and in iri4G a deed from Simou Ongc of that
town.

(M' Perkins, I am loss able to speak >vith certainty, because the name is very
common, but conclude he was not the man designed in an order of our assist-
ants. 3 April, 1G32, "that no person whatsoever shall shoot at fowl upon Pullen
Point or Xod( 11-' 's Island, but that the said pkices shall be preserved for John
Perkins to take tbwl with nets," !Mass. Rec I. 85; for he is the same, whose
sentence for drunkenness is given hy Hutchinson, I. 385. But the gentleman
mentioned in the text, probably, sat down, with Williams and his other follow
JiasscMigers. at Salem : to confirm wiiich opinion, the rcvt- rend historian ot tnat
town assured me, that, from the earliest time, the name of Perkins has Ix.-en
fotmd in possession of estates in thai part of Salem sin.-e become Top^nld.

■•' Way was of Dorchester, as, I pre>mi;c, the n;iini' again occurring. -"J July
licxt. refers to tlic same person, v. ho v.a^ .■».- of the ]iriucipal men in that town.

* Thi^t planting in Boston harbour deserves and will reward uniulry. In the

52 joiix VviXTiiRor. rir'>-

*44 The poorer sort of people (who lay lony in terns, etc.)

. autumn of 1C22 Weymouth, under the aboriginal name of AVes.a<^u.c.. A^-e,
sagu^oussot, ^A'e..a:.us..tt, Wiclm,n.eus.ett, or \Vc..sagu.qua..ott;h.:i boon
planted by a ..,a!i colony fi-om i'.gluud, sent by Thon.a. ^Veston ; but the

P nTm T "^' '^' ^'"'"'^'^' •^'^'•^" ^^^ ^"^'-=-'-^^ I'^-l^^tion, 1 Hist

toll \ m. 2-jS 2 71. A company under Capt Robert Gorges, (son of' Sir 1\)
together wzth the Rev. William Morell, reoccupied the same spot in a fe.-

^^T f '■' '\^7"^^^'-' ''■''' ^-^ ^' t^-^'- goods and provi^iou. at
rimxouth by fire, occas.oned by the carelessness of the sailors celebra^inc. I
presume, the annn orsary of the gunpowder plot .-ith les. discretion than. loy-
t'" fIT ^";\^^''^7-^'^-^-' the design was. next year reHnquishei
See Bradrord, n. Pruu-e, I. 141-144. .AforeU continued above a yea in the

its" T "f "°'' ' ^^'";'^"'' '"^ "^^ ^■"■■^- ^^^''^^ -----t -^ the land and
Its productions, repnnted in Engli.h and Latin, 1 IIi,L Coll. I 105 PcHnn
some stragglers remained on the .oil In iG2o ^loant Wollaston ;as occu;;! d
b; the capt.ua ot tl.t name. TkU ..,, .. Q,i,ey. Here was tl^at disordirlv
W, 3^ng ^om Moryn, of wh.n. see p.ge 34, exhibited his talent for ni

Gov. Dud.e> s Narrat.vo, 1 Hist. Gull. VHL 37, makes It vanish; and, il^ per-
manent must be considered tlie oil., of Massachusetts colonv, unle s W^
^f'^lTT-^''^ of vi.l.y through its s.te of suspended anlni-
tioL. Hu .ard, D., ,.;f;..rms us, that, tho same year, Xantasket was pluitcd bv
L,-fbrd, OMham, and Con.nt, , er.ons discontented with tlie un^oas .al'e
r-gour of their brethren of Plimouth. Not lono- hov.ever did t],:: .
there ; at least L,^.! and Conant went to Capel^; ;;:;; ^If 4n^ i;!

Con r" ^' "' ';"="*'"'' ^''^''''''^ '' '^^^^ - fi^^^-S station; b.^
C^n^soon r. ,uoved thence to S.lem, where Endecott, In 1.^. fouud'him!

tW who 1 r I ' ■ / ""; T "■"'' '^' ^'""^""^ ^' '^ ""^^--^ "^-^t the same

^0, ^dlo pr.b..!y ren.nved t^.ere from so:.e of the oth^r plantations.^' Proi.

'C Co.-l:7-;r=:'^' ^" ^^-''^^^--o., a Sco:.hnKm, who had been .out

aqua, remoud down mto Massachusetts Bay wltldn a vear after" ]>,t I
dot .,U,at Hubb.-d,who Is not u.,aliy precise, except wh-n he ^pi. 1
antedated this emigration of Thon.on ; tor Gov. Bradfnd, in VrlnJ^l^^
PK-ntionslus a ndu.g at Pi<.ata,ua in 1.2.. The business, howevei'mwL^;
h un.ed,m the summer of that y.-a. wi.U the Plimo.th colonist. em o

^1 Iir^n'r^fl "''; ^? "'"""'" ^^-^^">g ^^"er quarters, whi.^, he
found in an island of our harbour that has ever since borne his name. -;.;.
island, with the neck of laud rSourutum^ nu M,. ,„ M 1 - • ,"

banl fV, ,n ♦! vf I ,. , lU-Uitiun; on die neighbouring contment, Hub-

bard, fn.m tJie ( olony Records, says, '• was confirmed to hmi and hi. he r b-
tiie court of Mas.<achusetts." u '-i m. nuio i.j .^

Of the exa,y;n.o when ^laverick f]:<t j ir.hcd his t-nt o. X.ddle'. P'u.d
or ILomas Walilrd at Charlestown, or ^Viliiam Blaxton at Boston ^;e;;i'

.'4

lG-10.] JOHN wjxTHitor' 53

v,vre miK^Ii aflliciod v/Ilh the scurvy, a r,r| many died, e.pe-

probably, n-inam forever uninformed. Walford wa. fotmd in possession bv tbe
bpragiies, v.lio went, from Salom soon after arrivinjr tiu:-re in 10->9. Tbat, Elax-
ton had ocoupled our peninsula sevcvd years, and vith no sli-ht a.lvauta-e .^e
may presume from the expenses assessed on the several plantations fromVlIm-
outh northward, for the campaign a-ainst Morton at .Merrv Mount, in irr>R ■ his
proi.ortion, though the least, beh.g more than one third' of that to I. paid bv
the settlers at Salem, before the co.nlng of Endecott. ^Vith him, too, ^4s pro-
bably meluded the AVinlMmet people, if there were anv, and Walfoni and
Mavei-iek, :f tl^y had dwellings. The apportionment k the cWges, f-om
Bradiord, m 1 IJi^t. Co'!. III. GO, i-- interesting: —

r^^'-^^th £2.10 Xataseot .... Pj lo

^'^^^^^^■^^^ 1.10 Thomson ..... 015

Pascataqncck o.lO Blaxton • • . . oi->

Jeffi-ey a.i-1 Buvslem . . . -j.oo Ed^vard Hii-on .... j.oo

Total .... K12J

It is not In my power to deterroine the residence of Jefiery and Enrslem hut
oonjectiire would fix it either at Cape Ann. or, more probablv, WevmouHi,
from the latter town a Mr. Bursle.v being found a depr.tv so earlv'as 1636.

lUruxton rc-movr>d a few years after WInthrop's arrival, and%eated himself
about thiny-hve nules to the soath^v-ard, near the place which the famous Eo-er
\\ .Ihams soon rendered illustrious by the name of Providence, where a river
wuKdi Hows into the harbour of that city, still bears the name of this ruhn-im.'
See a memou^ m 2 lUst. Coll. X. j 70, which gives the time of his death ■20
May, Ib.o, and coatains all that tbe assiduous a..tiqua7y of Piimonth could
rescue from the shades of forgetfulness. lam able to add only, that bv our
Colony Records he took the freeman's oath 18 Mav, 1G31, beln'^ the first adml-
^^on, and that m oi- Town E.cords it appears he "was nTarried to Sarah
-.^pl^enson, wuiow, 4 July, 1659, by John Endecott, governour. He w.ll im-
proved Ins new estate, and the apples on his fonn were long In hi,rh repute.
- ilist Coll. JX. 174. ■"

An approximation to the time of Blaxton's conn'ng to Boston is easily
obtamed. _ Eeehford, who wrote in 1641, thus speaks of him: " One Mr. Blax-
ton, a mnnster, went from Boston, having lived there nine or Icn vears, because
J^^- M-ould not join with the church; he lives near Mr. -WiUIams, but is flu- from
n^ opuuons /' Xow, to ascertain when he withdrew iVom this spot first planted
^Jnm, . all that remains, and we n>ay find reason, I believe; to re.kon it t1.c
,„/": !^f"- '^''•'^ ''" ^^■^'^■^ ""-'"^''y ^J"ven away, is an opinion not to be

Inm T ' ' ""'"'"" ''^' "" *'" "t^^^ "^ ^^'^' -^"'^■'^ the govenuuent at
I'onie could "ivc wa- bv thn rli->--,. ,;,■- * ,

.,,..,, -. ■ ''■"• ^"'^ '"-'^" r'^'-ii to our governour and companv. wc

•Mil be convmced of the equity in their treatmot.t. bv rea-hng their E^rords
• "• At a court, 1 April, 1033. ■• It Is agreed, that Mr. Wm. Blaxton shall

51 JOHN wiN'TiiRor. noao.

*45 ^^^^h a^' Boston and Charlestown ; ^ but when this ship
came and |I brought store || of juice of lemons, many re-
covered speedily. It hath been always observed here, that such
as fell into discontent, anJ lingered after their former condi-
tions in England, fell into the scurvy and died.

18.] Capt. Welden,- a hopeful young gentleman, and an
experienced soldier, died at Charlestov/n of a consumption,
and was buried at Boston with a military funeral.

Of the old planters, and such as came the year before, there
Ij brought us good stores j|

Lave fifty acres of ground set out for him near to his house in Boston to enjoy
forever." All this right be sold next year to the other inhabitants, of whom
noue, now reeonccted, had so lavge a portion. Slo the depositions of Odlin,
Walter, Hudson and Letherland p.bout this purchase, 2 Ilist. Coll. IV. 202*
Tliis evidence, taken after the tyrannieal proceedings in chancery in ICS.3,
against our charter, sliowed that all titles were in danger on ou)- "side of the
ocean, states the price agreed to be si.x shillings for every householder in town,
still reservi.-.g six acres for the grantor. The Tov.n Ilecords of that day, on'
the second .-^'in-iciiifj page, confiriu the endenee; "10 Xovember. 1634,' at a
general mee.ing upon ptiblic notice, it was agreed that Edmund Quincv, Sam-
uel Wllbore, -WllVrnm Lalstone, Edward Ilutchinsor tlie elder, and William
Cheescborough the constable, shall make and assess all these rates, viz., a rate
for £30 to:\Ir. Ela.xton, a rate for cow's keeping, etc., etc." This sxL was,
undoubtedly, the consideration for his sale, and, taking from the deiJC-itiuns the
proportion fur each, woidd show the number of householders one hundred. I
desire the reader to correct an error in Skiw's I^escription of Boston, SOS,
Tvhere he has Llactstone, instead of Balstone, one of a committee in this inonth
to divide the lands among the inhabiutnt.^. Blaxton, probably removed the
f^dlowlng sprlr.g. It' .so, an.l he had rt-sided hero as long as Lechford, who ■vis-
ited him at his new plantadon, reports, he arrived at Boston in 162J or 162G.

Mr. Felt thinks, he arrived in 1(;23, with Robert Gorges ; and mv opinion Is
that he came not before 1G2.5, ami with Capt. Wollaston. Perhaps he aban-
doned his associates at Bralntrce, when they received Morton. Ho was of
Emanuel College, Cambridge, where, on taking his degi-ees of A. B. and A.
I\L, 1G17 and 1G21, he subscribed the requisite' declarations, as I saw the sl-rna-
tures, by his own hand, William Blaxton.

^ This is the first Instance of thus ?])elling the name.

2 By Dudh-y, 1 Hist. Coll VIII. 45, the Toss of this gentleman is lamented in
these terms : " Amongst others, who died about this time, was Mr. Robert Wel-
den, who, in tlie time of his sickness, we had cliosen to In- eaptain of one hundred
foot, but before he took {.ossesslon of his place, he died, tlie ,b:feen:h of Eebruary,
•and was buried as a soldier, with three voUies of shot." Our MS. is vcrv pkiiu

1 Go 0.1 Joiix WIN Tint or

*4G

wert' biu two, (and {I;ose servants,) wliich had the scurvy
in all the country. At Piimouth not any had it, |! no not j]
of tho-e, who carue this year, whereof there were above sLxty.
Whereas, at thh'ir (hst i.laiitiii- |i-ihere,!i near tliu half of their
people died of it.

A shallop of Mr. Glover's^ was cast away upon the rocks
about Nahant, but the men were saved.

Of those Avhich went back m the ships this summer, for fear
of death or famine, etc., many died by the way and after they
were landed, and others fell very f-ick and low, etc.

The Ambrose, whereof Capt. I.owe was master, being new
• masted at Charlton, spent ail her masts near Newfoundland,
anu auu perished, if ^h. Peirce, in the Lyon, who Avas her con-
sort, had not towed her home to Bristol. Of the other ships ^
which returned, three, viz., the Charles, the Succe^s, and the
Whale, were sat upon by Dunkirkers, near Ph'morth in Eni?-
land, and after long fight, having lost many men, and being
much torn, (especially the Chaiies,) they gat into Piimouth.

The provision, wliich came to us this year, came at exces-
.<ive rates, in regard of the dearness of corn in EnplFaid, so as
ev( ry bushel of whcat-rneal stood us in fourteen shUIings, peas
eleven shillings, etc. Tonnage was at ^£6.11.^

II nor out II II' time il

«n itoi (late, and the di^iorepancv niaj be reconciled by referring it to the funeral
honours, though Prince, II. 20, ivas not of this opinion. Xo° f)l of the mem-
bers of Ik'stou church is, '-Elizabeth ^\'eIden, gone to Y\'aterto',vn;' purhapi
the Vi-idow of the captain.

Molm Glover was ore of the chief men of Dorchester, and many times a
tleputy in thr- general court, t>oMi whieb station his .services raised hini to be an
assistant. Johnson, lib. I. chap. xlv. calls him " a man strong for the truth, a
plain, sincere, godly man, and of good abilities."

- A strangf misapprehension by Hubbard, 140, who postpones to the follow-
ing spnng the voyage of these ships returning in tlie autumn, after bringing to
tins country the colony, with tiie relation of which our IL'story bcgi-is^ awse
>^>!e!y from his failing to observe, that the report of their disasters was brcni-ht
hitber l>y the Lyon, which, after towing one of them, the Ambrose, home, had '
l«-tt Krglaad, 1 December. His mi3t<ake would have been unpossible, liad he,
'^'^ I'nnre. 1 1. U), combined the mure perspicuous narrative of Dudley, on this
*!ibje<"t, with that of Winthrop.

' '^N e find this last sentence in the margin of the origlual MS. The exti-em-

5G JOIIN v:D,THROP. [1030.

^ ,^. 22.] Wo h'^lfl a dav o^ thcnksgiviui^ for this ship's; ar-
rival, by order from the governour and council, directed to
all the plantations.

it)- of want here, 'uefore the arrival of the Lyon, may be judged of from the
anticipations announccil by Wintlii'oi) iu his letters. Sec Appendix. Mather
says, probably from tradition, that tlic governour " a. -as ilistributing the la<t
Laadful of meal in the barrel unto a poor man distre:^!fed by the -vvolf at the
door;" and tiie language of Capt. Clap, one of the sufleroi. Prince IT. 10, is
ni'ifh more satiifactory, because Ivss figurative. IIa\'ing been furnished mth
an original letter of the venerable John Rogers, of Podiiaiu in Old England,
father of our Xathauiul, addressed, probably, in November, 1C30, to John "W'in-
throp, jun.. at Bristol, '-or, in his absence, to !Mi'. Pelham of Buers," on this
fore.'^een evil, I tlilnlc it worth insertion : —

" Good !Mr. "Winthrop, — I hope you have my letters with cerfcxin nioiie}3
that T sent to you to iiitreat you, of all love, to provide soiv.a little matier of
batter and meal for such as I named, ^.herein I earnestly entreat your loving
faithfulness and care to j;rocure it and direct it to them, to Jeffery Ruggles, late
of Sudbury, he is the ciiief But tiiis day I have received so lamentiible a let-
ter from one John Page, late of ].)edliam, tl)at hath his wife and two cliildrL-n
th.ere, and he certifi'...- me, that unless God stir up some friends to send htm
some pronsion, lie is iik.j to starve. Xovr I pity the man n)U(-li, and have sent
you tNventy shilliug.s. ••utreating you. for God's sake, to provide such a barrel of
meal as thjs money v.ill reach unto, and direct it over to Jolm Page with this
my letter encl(>-e<i. In which I pray God move your heart to be very careful,
for it stands upon their lives ; and it cuts me to the heart to hear that any of
our neigb>X)urs should be like to famish. If \ve could possibly help to prevent
it, I should be glad. So, ceasing to trouble you farther, I commend you and
the weighty business you are about to the blessing of Almighty God, who speed
it hapjiily.

"I sent a letter to voiir father, .vhi.h wa-? directed to ?dr. Ilarv/ood. 1 be-
seech you be a help to the .-,ife sending of It

Your worship's iu the Lord,

JOUX llOGEKS.

" Good Mr. Pelham, — Ir', in ^Mr. "Winthrop's absence, this letter should come
to your hand, I be.-oeeh you, good Sir. that you would be so go-r-d as fulfd the
contents of it. I shall be much thankful unto you."

pLUggles died befr.ro the lehef left England, as appears by letter of the Gov-
ernour in the Appendix.

The Charlestown P ■cords mention, that a fast had been appointed for the
next day after this slup's coming, but tl.N ha[.py arrival cau.M'd die government
to order a thank.-giving.

I have the original bill of Capt. Peirce for the governour's stores, as follows : —

[-March 16.] About noon the chimney of Mr. Sharp's

*4S

Pro.i.io,.to le .u.le at Bristol JV. tke .orsU^a Jokn in.,.op, Go.

e>'nour.

^-heat n^al U Lhds. confg 8 bushels per hbl. at 8. U. per bush m t n'
lea., 1. hhd. coufg 7 bushels, at 6. per bushel . . ' ' " ;''

Oatmeal 4 hh.ls. confg 3-2 bushels, at 10. per bushel . .' ' * ,7 " o
lieef and pork, 4 hhds. . . • • • . 16. 0.0

Cheese,15cwt.at30.p.rcwt.easkandan '.'.'. JJ^oo

Butter, .5 kindLilrins, at 385 22.10.0

Suet, 6 firkJus ^-^^-Q

Seed barlev, 14 hiHhels ' ' e. 0.0

Seed rj-e, 1 hhd 2.16.0

Oakum, 1 ci>t. ...'.'. ^•^'^'•'^

Por 20 (unknown) of cask, at 14. ^-^--^

i;orha]ingcrnnein.audUghteri.g,a/2/8i ■.".■.■ ' * " ':,^:]

For one hcdf frel<^lit ^'^'^•^

'10. 0.0

^r ., 280.11.4

^Vore p.ud out to the apothecary for provision, for the cask . , ,,

1 aid out. ff.T- Sa,-,,,.-,! c.,_ .. , . — • . . b. t>.4

^-^S^- 3. 0.0

London 110

fbr500tn-os ' ' " "^ ""''"^ -1^'-^

6. 0.0

^uore piud out to the apothecary for provisi
raid out for Sauiuel San;pson tor his pas.san
1 aid huu more t:;,r to bring him up to Lond
la., more fur him for physic and diet at J^i
■laid for 300 t,-.-.^^

OQq 1 7 S

'J-' return ;^ V,,on„ %'^ ' ^'••- -.a,... ^^-- Jv-it Aaieiica, ajii no account of
^op^homc- del d.^rh'1 1 ''"' -'^---^-^-'ethat migl^t induce him

^''iHil-s Co din'^ \ P r- '" '^'"^ "•"^^'-^■' ^''"^ ''^' --■- of Johnson

-^eren:^;ri;r;;;;;;;i::;r^-^ I^th., and therefore she..! des.rves

<-^'^"t:.SZ; t::^ '^"'^'^^ '?;''^^ ^^ '^^-^^^^' '^^'^ ^-'^' - England,
^, ^. _^ ^/^ cd .o .ouMder hen.selvcs a corporation in London. Thev, how^ve^
.- Kl>..r. ' If ' ''^^"\ ^r '^ ""'^^-'^ ''» ^'^- commission with others, for his

>-^'-^g.S ti; d"!;';;- ; T r" ^ /'^^ ^'^^^^^ I^onadventure, and while on
.. - i o , U>e d.., d ot tao LKhar. sachems to Wheehvrl,ht and otl^c-. of the

68 JOHN W^XTflROP. [1630.

house in Boston took fire,^ (the splinters being not chayed
at the to]),) and. takin": the thateli burnt it down, and the wind
beinii^ N. \V., drove the fire to iNIr. Colbnrn's house, being [blank]
rods off. and burnt that down also, yet they saved most of their
goods.

23.] Chickatn])ol - came Vvdth liis sannops and squaws, and
presented the goveriKair with a |[ hogsliead |j of Indian corn.
* .Q After they bad all dined, and had each a small cup of sack
and beer, and the men tobacco, he sent away all his men
and women, (though the governour would have stayed them,
in regard of the rain and thunder). Himsehf and one squaw
and one sannop st;iyed all nigh''", and,, being in English clothes,
the governour set him ot his own tabic, where he behaved him-
self as soberly, etc., as an Englishman. The next day after
dinjier Iv retarned i;-iianie, ]| the governour giving him cheese
and peas and a nmg :~nd some othe/ small things.

libuslielji jj- here II

lower ji.'.rt of New ILuup.-liire, to whieh Lis ruuue as a ^^^tne:^s ir^ forged, pur-
pnrl.s tu I/O oxeeutod. Hi.- friends, I presume, -Here restrained from clioosiug
liiiu aa ns.-i^tant again by tliat scruple, of tin.- propnety of uniting iii the same
person ibo offices of i...ilii*g elder and xaagistrate, ■which compelled Noweli to
forego the least honourable service. Elder Sliarp died in 165S, as the historian
of- Salem writes, 1 IL\-t. CoU. VI. -243.

1 Gov. Dudh-y's account oi' this fire, 1 Hist. Coll. Vni. 46, seems worth
transcriliug, widi the j'iilie-ir,u> commcnl: : "The hkc accident of fire also befel
Mr. Sharp and !Mr. C(^llniru, upon the seven'^eenth of tliis !Mareh; both whose
houses (which were as good and as well furni>hcd as the most in the plantation)
■were, in two hours' sj)aee l.urnod to thr ground, togeciier Y>iui liUieii of iheir
household stuff, apparel, and other things; as also some goods of othei-s, who
sojourned with them in t!n.-ir houses; Gel .<o pleasing to exercise us w^ith cor-
rections of this kinil, as he hath done with others. For the prevention whereof
in our new town, intended this summer to bo builded, we have ordered, that no
man there shall build his chinmey with trovif. nor cover his house witli thatch,
which was readily a?st;ntcd unto; for that divers other houses have been burned
since our arrival."

2 This s,achem lived near the Xeponset llivi-r. pro^'ably on tiie ea,-*ern side,
as there AVood, in his nuip, lil.'M, places hi- wigwam, tmt his p^iv-'er, no doubt,
reached several miles around. Dudl.-y, who calls him Chiikatalbot, siys, he
oppressed AVeston's plaritation, and intenl'd t<. il -stroy it. Xutiee of his death
wlllbr found Xoveiiibi r. ItinS. ITis n.m. .T--i'di. graadson, Jeremy, and great
graiidxm. Chark-s J>..-i<ili. sum-cd.-d in i!ie humble sovereignly. See the ex-
Cellent Hisiorv of DuidK-tcr, 1 Hist. Coll. IX. IGO, IGl.

1031.] . JOHN' \nXTIIROP. ^ 59

26.] John^ BagaiTiore and James his brother, with divers
sannops, came to the governom- to desire his letter for recovery
of tv. enty beaver skins, which one Watts in England had
forced him of. The governor entertained tliem kindly, and
gave him his letter vdth directions to JMr. Downing"^ in Eng-
land, etc.

The night before, alarm was given in divers of the planta-
tions. It arose through the shooting off som.e pieces at "Water-
town, by occasion of a calf, which |i Sir Richard Saltonstall ||
had lost ; and the soldiers were sent out with their pieces to
Ij2tr>' li the wilderness from thence till they might find it.

29.] Sir Kichard Saltonstall and his two daughters, and one
of bis vonnger sons, (his two eldest sons remained still in the
countT}^,) came down to Boston, and stayed that night at the
governour's, and the next moiidn--, by seven of the cloclc, ac-
companied with iNIr. Peirce and others in tv\'0 shahops, they
departed to go to the ship riding at Salem. The ^o\-- ,^fj
ernour gave thcni three P drakes jj^ at their setting sail,
!i blank ij li- search 11 P ducks Ij

J In a.-signing the resi'lence of tliO:>e Indinn? to the neighbourhood of Water-
to^«■n, or between the Cliark^s and ^Mistk-k liivers, I rely on ray slight infonim-
tlon of them. A few days before, this Sagamore y*-\xh. one of his subjects had
made complaint of the burning of two of their wigwara^, of which an account
Ls given by Dudley; but Prince, U. 21, from the Colony Records, enlarges the
information by the cireumstiince, tliat Sir Tl. Saltonstall was ordered to make
sati^thi^tion, which he did by seven ynrds of cloth, because the mischief had
been occa.-M:)iied by one of \\<^ Si-rvants.

•- Emanuel Downing was of the Inner Ti.niple, and related to ■\\'int!irop by
marriage of his sister, Lncy. Before coming over, ho sent three of his children.
In our Church Eecoi-ds, under is'ovember, 1G33, I find, -'INLiry Downing, kins-
woman to our brother John Winthrop, governour," admitted, Xo. 18-2. From
several letters brought by her, I am siUisfied, she -was the daughter of this gen-
tleman. He lived several years, in great esteem, at Salom, which he often rep-
resented in the general court, and was father of the celebrated Sir Gci^rge
Downing, ambassador both of Cromwell and Charles II. -in Holland, of wliom
nicntion -will be found in the second volume of this History. Ann, the yo-nig-
cst daughter of Emanuel, was the second wife of the venerable Gov. lira-l.-fuct ;
but as the tirst died so late as 16 September, 1G72, I presume the second giive
no Increase to the governour's tkmily. She had becii v.iie of thnt Capt. Gard-
ner, killed in rhiiip'< war. at the great s.vamp fight, 10 Dec. mber. It;::).

^ To mention, that discharges of artillery are intended by this phrise.

GO JOHN WINTIIROP. [1G31.

the \dnd being N. W. a stiff gale and full sea. Mr. Sharp
went away at the same time iii another shalioj).

About ten of the clock, Mr. Coddington^ and Mr. Wjlsoii,
and divers of the congregation, met at the governour's, and
there Mr. Wilson, praying and exhorting the congregation to
love, etc., commended to them the exercise of prophecy- in his
absence, and designed those wliom he thought most fit for it,
viz., the governour, Mr. Dudley,' and Mr. Nowell the elder.

would bo unnecessarA-. had not the erroneous readincr of the former edition
pennitted a careless reade- to suppose, tliat birds were given for food on the
voyage.

1 William Coddington, whose name is soiuetlmes spelt Cotti?\gton, probably
from the sound resembung that of Lord Cottington, then of the privy coiint-il,
was a gentleman of great estate and iufluenco in Boston, where, it is said by
Callender, he built the first brick hou^e. He vas one of the earliest asiistiUiLv,
treasurer of the colony fo-- some time, and is always mentioned A\-ith great
esteem by our author, unfil the nnhap[>y sepaiation caused by the antinomiau
controversy. Ilis name as a member of our church is not earlier than Xo. 02,
and that of his wife, who died in the first season, is not found. On his return
from England, in lGT^, lie brought another wife, ^lary, who is among; our church
membei-s 2s'o. 1 J8. Besides what may be learned of him from these pages, tlie
Biographical Dictionaries of Eliofc and Alien, and still more tlie candid century
discoui-se of the modest historian of Ilhode Island, dedicated to his grandson.
give ample attestation to the talents and integrity of Coddington, v.ho was the
father of that colony, and many years its govetnour.

- After Wil.'^on's departure, only the churches of Saleui, Dorchester, and
"Watertown wore snj^plietl with pastors. Since Dorchester had two ministers.
AVarham and ^Maverirk, it may appear strange, that one of them was not span-il
for a season to the principal congregation in the colonv, iucl'iding the 'hselk-rs
at Boston, Charlestoun. and Xewtown ; but perhaps their duties were so diverse,
as pastor and teacher, that each was cotL-Idered as necessary as either. The
people of Roxbniy liad now, indeed, united themselves to Dorchester, as their
church records show, Prince, II. C4. yet in Xovcmlier before, vse may be sure,
frt>m their assessment, Prince, II. (5, they had been part of A\'ilson"s charge.
This "exercise of proi)hecy," or ollice of .preacliing, v,-as well entrasted, how-
ever, to the three eldest nu^gistrates, though the instructions of Dudle}- and
Nowcll were probably rend.M-ed less serviceable by their severe tempers tliau
the milil wi>dom of AMnthmp.

8 Of Thomas Dudley, little intbnnation should be expected in the nairow
luuits of this note. Soiiiething may be learned from Mather, though his habit
of intermeddling in pulitics, 1 Hist. Coll. III. i;57, madu the governour's family,
prubalily, di-trustful of his authority, and therefore the ilaunialia coTitains this
curious passage: "Iliad prepared and intended a more parlivular account of

1601.] JOHN ^\TXTimOP. Gl

Then he de^^ired the govcniour to commend himself and ^..
the rest to God by prayer; which being done, they accom-

this geutleuian ; ]>ut not having any opportunity to cominit it luito the perw^al
of any descended from him, (unto Avhora I am toM ic will be unacceptiible for
me to publish anything of this kind, by thcra not perused.) I liave bid it aside,
and saniuaed all up ia this more general account."

Being the first deputy govemour in the colony, many years goveniour, and,
when he filled neither of these offiees, one of the assistants, his history must be
embo<iied in that of his country ; and the thligence of Eliot lias gleaned aknost
aU that the Tlecords omitted. A hardness in public, and rigidity in private life,
are too obsenable in his character, and even an eagerness for pecuaiai-\- gain,
•fthieh might not have been expccLed in a soldier and a statesman. Gov. Bel-
cher Avrote an epitaph lor him : —

Here lies Thomas Dudley, that tni-ty oM stiiQ,
A bargain's a bargain, and must be made good.

Dudley k'-t, in IH-lS, the wiTe he brought over, of whose children are Icnnvvn.
Samuel, Ann. Tationce, Mercy, and Snrah; but he married again the ni-xt year,
and the celebrated Gov. Joseph was child of the second wife. PerhajiS he had,
older or youiger than Sanmcl, Thomas, br<>d at Emanuel, where he t'Xik his
'Icgrees 1620 and 1C;)0; but certainly he did not come to our country. Saumcl
named ^lary, daughter of Gov. Mlnthrop, in lC;i2, I presume, for she was
received of the chun h, as his -uife, iu this year, and our Ptecords verify tlie
luptisms of their chikb-en, Thomr;-, ? March, 163J ; John, 28 June, lo.35:
Samuel, 2 August, 1039. "Why tliese children were baptized here, when the
father was not a church member, though the mother ■v\as, must be referred to a
hberahty of practice much coutrovt rted iu after tluies, and even to the pres-
ent day. Tie was sometime at Salis])ury, and dep.ity from that town 1G41.
settled at Exeter in 1G.50, whore he was a preacher, aiid is called a person of
good capacit}' and learning. Belknap's Xew Hampshire, I. 48, in note.

iiis daughter. Aim, miu-;'i<.<l, .i. j.!.vt.i,iu yeais of t.i:;o, to Drail-fice', ! cfore
our colonists letc England, bore him eight chiiureu. She is the most distiiigui.shcd
uf the early matrons of our land by her literary- powers, of which proof is given
in a volume of poems, the second edition of which, printed at. Boston, 1678, by
John Foster, in a vers- respectable 12mo of 25-5 page.s, is now before me. It
docs credit to her education, and is a real curiosity, though no reader, free from
pailiality or friendsliip, might coincide iji the commendation of the liiucral elogy
by iCev. Johu jSjDrton : —

Could Maro's niuo hut hear her lively strain,
He would eodfloirm Id^ -works to fire ag-.U!-..

Her brexst w;v-i .i bravo palace, a bnxt J strict,
^\llere all heroic ample tiiouj^lits diil meet,
Wliere nature >:u:h a tenemcat had ta'en.
That other sou!-, to hers, dwelt in a Line.
VOL. I. G

62 JOHN V.'L^TTIIROP. [1631.

panicd him to the boat, and po they Aveiit over to Charlcstown
to go by laud^ to the ship. This ship set sail from S;dem,
»-.-, April J. and arrived at London (all safe) April 29.-

Ap:il.] 'J'he bci;inning of this rnonfh Ave had very
nuich rain and v.arm weathrr. It is a £?encral rule, that when
the wind blows twelve hours in any part of the east, it brings
rain or sn.ow in great abnndancc.

4.] Wahginnacut, a sagamore upon the Kiver Quonehiacut
which lies west of Naraganeet, came to the governour at Bos-
ton, with John Sagamore, and Jack Straw, (an Indian, who
had lived in England and liad served Sir Walter Raleig-Ji, and
was now tm-ned Indian again,) and divers of their sannQps,
and brouglii a IctLcr to the governoiu- from Mr. Endeoott to
this effect : That the said "Wahginnacut was very desirous to
have some Englishmen to come plant in his country, and oflcr-
ed to find them corn, a -id give them yearly eighty o]:ins of
beaver, and that the country ^vas very fruitfal, etc., and wished
that there might be two men sent with him to see the country.
The goveinoiir entertained them at dinner, but would -send
none with him. lie discovered after, that the said sa<::amore

P;\t!i-nce %va.> vitc of jNLijor Gen. I)Lni?on ; Mercy, of ll'/'v. Jolin "Wocidbridge ;
and Sarah was tlie unliappy partner of iMajor Benjamiu Keayne, aad more
uuhappy afti-r lils rt-pudiat'on of her, though a iiew hu.-^lxmd was proc ired.

The grand.-on, Thomas, -ftas graduated at ITarvard College in 1651, fburtoon
years befori- his unole Joseph, and died in 1655. His vill comes but a few
pago.s afier tliat of his gran<lfathor in our first volume of Kecords. Of so dis-
tinguished descendanls as die soua of the second poveniour, Paul, ch-jf justice
of the province, and T\'ilIi:uM, speaker of the repvesoutativcs, it cannot be
necessary to s^k-.-xk. Eliot has done better than any one else will ever attempt.

1 That is, to Salcui. Dudley's letter went by this slap, in which v, ere em-
barked Collington and A\'iI.-;on, as well as Sliarp and Saltoustall with three
of his children. The two first returned soon; the others came no m(;re. So
many persons of distinction went in this vessel, that the court's onler, of 1
March preceding, for the transportation of some unquiet spirits, I nnagiue,
could not bo t!if)roughly executed. 'Mv. Ale>\X)rth, IMr. "Weaver, '^U: I'lastow,
Mr. Shuter, Cobbet, "Wormewootl, Sir Chr. Gardiner, and IMr. A^'right, "or so
many of them as the ship can eariy," were ordered to be sent to England "as
pci-sons unmeet to Inhabi: here." The knight, who caused so much uneasiness,
and riastow, are afterwards named in the llecords as present, though Kutcliin-
son hastily gave Gardiner passage in this ship.

* This sentence is bv the iroveriiour driven in the margin.

1031.] JOIl^' Wi^^'TIJROP. 63

i^ a very troacherous man, and at var with the Pekoath (a far
greater sagamore). His country is jj not above |] five days'
journey from us by land.

12.] At a court holden at Boston, (upon information to the
irovernour; that they of Salem had called^ jNIr. Williams to the
olfice of a teaclier,) a letter v.-as written from the court to I\L-.
Endecott to this elTect: That whereas i\Ir. Williams had refus-
ed to join with the j| -congregation || at Boston, because they ,-.^
would not mai^e a public declaration of their repentance for
having communion with the churches of England, while they
Ij^livedjl there; and, besides, had declared his opinion, that the
magistrate might not punish the breach of the Sabbath, nor
any otiier olfence, ||"'asit!| was a breach of the first table ;-
therefore, they marvelled tliey would choose him without ad-
vising with the council; and withal desiring him, that tb'-y
would forbear to proceed till they had confcn-ed about it.*
II at about jl Ij - churche>- II jj^ tarried || li*tliat|j

1 III oppoiliioii to this extraonliiiary intcrftTcnce, as we sboulcl now tb'nk it,
of tlie civil pover in election of a olmrtb officer, Plentley iiifoi-ms us, the con-
frrocration of Salom received him, oi\ this same day, as teacher. He succeeded
lli^'crinson, the time of T."Lose death is mistaken by that author, 1 Hist. Coll.
VJ. 244. Cci-taitily it was not 1.') March, 1630, unless Dudley, 1 Hist. Coll. YJU.
40. Hubbard, 12i\ and the Memonalis: of Plimouth, are in a strange error.
Hnbbard's prociso date, 6 August, is probable, as it differs little, if at all, from
D;:dley, and is con.>Isteut Tvitli Mf>rtnn. See mention of his death in a k-ttor of
our author, 9 -September, 1G30, in Appendix. At vhat time the vio!»>nce of
oppoiition, by such as had no real interest in the traus;iction, caused AYiiliains
to s-oparate from his alT' •' ;i-a>-! people. 'Iocs not clearly appe.-iv; but in this
History it will appear, that he -was d-iven out of the jurlsdictiou, and had found,
refuge at riim.mth, before 25 October, 1632.

- All, who arc inclined to separate that connection of secular concerns with
tlie duties of religion, to which most governments, in all countries, have been too
much disposed, will think tliis opinion of Koger "\Villi;uns redounds to his
praise. The laws of the first fcxbie, or the four conunandinents of the deca-
logue first in order, should be rather impressed by early ediu?atiou than by
peual enactments of the legislature; and the experience of llhode Island and
< thei^States of our Union is perhaj>s favorable to the sentiment of this earliest
American reformer. By a restoration of the tntereadhig in the text, the senti-
>i'«'nt is made more distinct. Too much regulation wa- tiie error of our fathers,
who Were perpetually arguing from analogies in the LevJtical iustituLioas, and
»nciunlK-ring theni-elves with the yoke of Jewish customs.

* Fix^m the Records of the Colony, L 71,1 introduce anotlier sentence of

64 JOHN AYixTimor. [1631.

13.] Chir-!.;atabot cfinc to the gov<-ri;oi"!r, and cle?ired to buy
some Eng] ish clothes for himself. The governonr told him,
that Englij^h sagamores did not use to truck ; but he called his
tailor and gave him order lo make liim a suit of ck^thes;
,-- -whereupon he gave the governour two large skins of coat
beaver, and, after he and his men had dined, they departed,
and said he would come again three days after for his suit.

14.] *We began a court of guard upon the neck between
Roxbury and Boston, wliereupou should be always resident an
ofRcer and six men.*

An ordoi was made §last court. § that no man should dis-
charge a piece after sunset, except by occasion of alarm.

15.] Uhiekatabot came to the governour again, and he put
him into a very good new suit from head to foot, and after he
set meat before them ; but he would not eat till the governour
liad given thanks, anl after meat he desired him to do the like,
and so departed.

this court,: " Thomns Walfonl of C'liarlton is fined £lO, and is t'lijouicd, lie and
Ills vile, t.) d''['arl out of tiio limit? of tlii- p;itont before the 20th dny of Octo-
ber next, i:;idcr j'ain of oonfiscatio!! of his goods, for his contempt of authority
and confronting olKcei's, cro.'" Tliis severity mu<t be regretted ; for he vas the
first Enirli.-hu\an at that place, being by the Spragiies (who went tliither, in
1629, from Enuetott's company at Salem) found there a x?w/V/j ; but it is not
told fjr Avhum he was labouring. Prince, I. 175, from the Records of the town.
"W'alford v.\H, however, a vaKiable man at Pis.'atariua, being one of two trustees
or wardens for the church jjropcrty. Conf. ITubbard, 220, and 1 Hist. Coll. X.
f>A. In a record of the courf, only a month later than that in the text, I ob-
i>ervf\ that, being tine<l £2. '• hi- pa; 1 ii iiy I.iriag a vroill" ]-]iit lui rulers dis-
trusted him; tor, 3 Soptembe;-, 16S3, "it is ordered, that the goods of Thomas
AValfoi'd shall be sequestered and remain in the hands of Ancient Gonnison, to
satisfy the debts he owes in the bay to several persons." John Walford, proba-
bly a son of this ]'erson, was by the king named, in 1G02, one of tlie council to
Gov. Allen. l'.elknap's N. 1 1. 1. 1!}:3. One Jane Walford, perhaps the wife of
Tliomas, v,as, In 1G."»G, persei-uted ])y her neighbours as a witch, and, ten or
twelve }ears later, recovered damages again-t one fur calling her by that odious
name.

At th • s-imc court, in an action of batter}- by Thomas Dexter against Ende-
cott, a j'iry was etnpannelfd, and tlieir names av<- piven, whose verdict was £lO
damages. For an ai-count of this strange ailair, see the very curious letter of
the defeiidant, Hnti liinson's Coll. 52, in whieh the meek nder of Saiem per-
mits hiui^e!f to^ay, "If it wore lawful to try it at 1-lows, and he a Mt man {oc
me to deal with, you should not hear mc complain."

ip:j].j JOJix ^YI^:TllRO^. 65

21.] The house of John Page^ of Watertowu \v£u=^ burnt by
canving a few coal- from one liou.-e lo another: a coal fell by
the way and kindled in the leaved.

One *Mr. Garduier, (cdling himself* Sir Christopher Gardi-
ner," kjiig:ht of the i^oLlen Ij melice, !!) being accused to have *--

JO o ir lit. o ^ ^ ^Q

two vvdves in England, was sent for; but he had intelli-
gence, and escaped, and travelled up and down among the In-

il blank i!

1 Jolin Page is among tho first freemen, adcntted at the general court of all
the company next month, when the number was 118, not 110, as -Johnson, lib.
I. c. 1", has it. He fell into another error, in mistaking tho desire to become
freemen, expressed at tho court; in October precediiig, for the admksion. From
Prince, n. 29, who make? only 116 take the oath of freemen, the reason of my
differing is, that I count, in tl^e original lleoord of the Colony, two more names,
viz., llolx-rt Coles and Thomas ],>exter, which indeed were afterwards ei-ased,
but it is evident that they could not have been inserted by ihe secret«fy, unless
justly entitled to the i)kice. Besides, there is the old enumeration of the three-
coliimjjs of names, 44, 4'">, and 31, lo make up my reckoning. "We know, that
IX'xtcr was dist'ranchised some years after, ami Coles prbbalily ■v\as.

Of Page, I luiow only what b given xu tlie fme letter of ilogers on p. 47 :
that he was of Podliam in Old England, and had, on coming over, a wife and
two children; and, from the Colony Ilecords, that, at the first general court, in
October, ]63(.», held at I'.ostou, he was made constable of AVaU^rtown; and,
from the Watcrtown Keoords of Births, '• Daniel, the son of John and I'hebe
Page, bi.iii 10 August, It 34."

^ I apprehend, that the original cause of di'-'llke to Sir Chr. irdiner by oar
coloiiists, or of his enmity to the company, must be foicver Ici'r to uncertain
conjecture. He arrived, probably, in 1630, but at which plantation, or in what
Vi'ssc-1, our early writers le:.!.vc us uninfomu'L -'Some mi-cai ring*.-, fir whi.-h
he should havf, answered," is the doibtful ]0:m?e, in which Jlorton a>.-ignj ihe
reason of his flight from ^^la^sachusetts ; and Hubbard, 149-1.53, who does some
service by correcting the chronology- of the Piunouth historian, lias enlarged his
slender narrative only by an humble sarcasm. The accusation mentioned in the
ti-.xt should have been supported by a warrant from England to arrest the cul-
I'rit ; but as no such legal cause of imprisonment is noted, and he sivms to have
escaped, on retuniiug to England, any suspicion or even inquiry, we may safely
con.jhidc, that Gardiner's disaffection to the worship of our churches first ren-
dcn,il liiia obnoxious to the charge of popery, for which the evidence afte:-
^anls ai)peared sufllcient. The letter of Wiuthrop to Bradford, .'> !May, tho
d.'iv after the prisoner's arrival, p-eserved in I'rince, D. 27, r.as i-oini'Ore<l in .'.i
t'U.|H;r, the mildness of whidi s'^arcely conu-ovts with the writer's belief uf ilie
i!iis^<,ndi;.jt imputed to the knight by the later historian. See tv.o letters, ^vrit-
^a froni Bristol, 1632, to London, by Tiiomas "SViggin, in '.vhich Gaixliner's

66 JOKN" ^TXTimOP. [1631.

diani; ubout a ij inonll. ; [[ but, hy means of the governour of
Plin-ioiith, he was taken § by the Tiidians§ about Nama>ket, ^
and brought to PUmouth, and from thence he was brouglit, by
Capt. L'lKlerliill- and his liieut. Dudley,* ^lay 4, to Boston.

16.] There was an alarm given io all our towns in the night,
by oecasion of a piece which was shot off, (but where could
not be known,) and the Indians having sent us word the day
before, that the -Mohawks v. ere coming down against them
and us.

17.*] A general court at Boston. The former governour
was chosen again, and all the freemen of the commons were
II '\veek Ij

ca;e i« treated of, nft'-r lu~ ariival in Eiii;!,-riij. Thoy arc piinted in ?< M;>.ss.
Hist. Coll. Vm. :V20 et s^i.

Duuley, in his hAivv to the Coiinii;>>-.s of Lincoln, inf^.rm.? hor. that "C
arrivt'd hen' a month Ivfliro u.-;;"aud so ^vc i:iay infer, t'lat he had come, in
Pierce's sliij), the Lion, -with follow pas<enger--? of a soberer life. About the two
■ivivt's, ho wa-J quite iVee in relation, a5i also, how G. avoided the arrest by the
mC'^songers gout to his house, " which was seven miles from" lioston, probably
on the south side of Xeiir>n<et. D. iucnt-.<-ns the arrest of a young woman, who
Lad acoonii)anied G. from England, not lioing either of the wives. ILa\ing ex-
torted contef-sion from this paramour, thoy sent her for examination, to London,
in the same ship v,'ith Saltoiistall, Coddington, and "Wilson.

^ This name belonged to part of the trar-t, n^w included In IMi'fdlel'orough;
but the hne< of Indian geo^^raphy were probaMy not very precise, or are for-
gotten.

- Of J'lhn Uiiderhi!!, 1 i> errors, finn'ici in, and h^-pocrisy, sufficient norice
■ftill 1 c .f )iiud in SMVi-'efpier.t pages, a;;d in mo^t of the early hi.^tories of our
countiy; Vut all, T think, derived from this work. lie was early a member of
our r.oston church, being Xo. 57, and one of the first deputies in the general
court. After removal from IMiissaohusetts to Piscataqua, where he staid not
long, he was living in good rejjute at Xew Haven colony, as is proved by L's
election as a representative from Stamford in 1643, TrumbiilL T. 124, and by
Gov. "Wellcs's letter, eleven years later, in Hutchinson's Coll. 2'>3. In lt.a.5 ho
dwelt on Long Island, as aj^pears in Ilaz. I. 3il.

* This is thought to be that son of Gov. Dudley, who married Winthrop's
daughter, mentioned in note on page 51. Ife died, probably, at E.xeter, in
1683. Xew Ifanip. Ili>t. CoU. II. 2:iS. [Mather does not rank him with the
ministers.

■* Prince, 11. 2^, remarks the error of this date. Tne court was held on ISth,
lx!nig the day prescribed by the charter.

] C 3 1 . ] J OIIN TMX THROP. 67

sworn to this government. At noon, Cheeseborough's^ house
\va.-< burnt down, all the people bebig present.

27.] There came from Virginia into Salem a pinnace ,-..
of eighteen tons, laden with corn and tobacco. She was
])Ound to the north, and put in there by foul weather. She sold
her corn at ten shillings the bushel.

June 14.] At a comi:, John Sagamore and Cliickatabot
being told at list court of some injuries that their men did to
our cattle, and gl\'ing consent to make satisfuction, etc., now
one of their men was complained of for shooting a pig, etc.,
for which Chickatabot was ordered to pay a small skin of
beaver, which he };rescntly paid.

At this court one Philip Ilaicliff,- a servant of iMr. CradocJ:,

1 ^^'iliu'.nl Chec'^>^l'Oiongh, or Chosln'ough, was oue of" tLe earliest racmlMM-s of
IJuston chr.rcb, aii'l in ] U34 chosen couitaUe of the to■.\^l. lie mo%ed soon
fhoT to Mount Wol!:3toa, -wliere lie li.ed sevt-nJ years, and bad a con^ider.lble
estate. Ilis cLiracter i^ known, by boing one of the two appointed for Boston,
to uiiite with committee? from other towns in advising the govornour and coun-
cil about raising a public strn-k, as h«.'ivafler mentioned in this History, I\I-iy,
\(')\i2. That measure, as Pririce supposed, was, undoubtedly, the natural lut'-o-
duction of a house of representatives. In October, I'JtO, he was deputy fir
Bi-aintree, and the same person, whom Trumbull, I. 23-i, makes first planter of
Stonington, comincr thither from Pichoboth in 1G49. He had some trouble in
Connecticut about title to his lands, but soon prevailed ; aud among the priuci-
pa.1 p«'ople, enumerated soon after by the same author, are ^Viliiam, Elisha, and
.Saruufl Cheeselx!n>ugh, the two latter being his sons. I find, however, ^VillIam
witness to a deed of land in or near Rehoboth, so late as liJaS ; yet the distance
J:i tliose days wa.s thought so btdo of, th >!• wij maysup].o^(> he wu? nn a ^hort
visit to old ueigWx)urs. Descendants aie f>«nd in Conn<.-cticut.

'■^ A foreign hand has inserted in the text the Christian name of the culprit;
bi't as it is true, we should not complain of the interpJation. In our Cu'.ouial
Kf^ccnis, Tol. I. 8G, is found the sentence, as iu the govcrnour's text, -nith an
addition of some importance, — a fine of X40. The olfence is there stated, with
a little more precision, "for uttering malicious and scandalous speeches against
the government, and the church of Salfiii, etc., as appeareth by a particular
thereof proved upon oath." No trace of this evidence is known, and the etc.
must go unexplained, though the proof would be quite curious, if we may trust
th-.' brother libeller, ^Mnrton, who represents Ratclilf, by the name of " Mr. In-
rcvetice Faircloth, by !Mr. INfathi.LS Charterp.rty sent over," as an injured nuiu,
wlx.se chief ofi'ence was, asking payment of his debts iu his sickness. The New
Kn.'lish Ci'naan aggravates the cruelty of the judgment l>y the additional cir-
cunL^taucoa of boring aud slitting his tongue, branding his face, and whipping iu

68 JO' IX V.IXTIIROP. [1031.

being f onvict, ore t'-iin-, of mos^t fov\ jcandiilons invective.s
against our churches and government, was censured to be
whippr-d, lose his ear?, and be banished the pkmtatioii, which
was presently executed.

25.] There came a shallop from Pascataqua, which brought
news of a small English ship come tbither ^\'ith provisions and
some Frenchmen to make salt. By this boat, Capt, Neal, gov-
^rry ernour of Pascataqiia, sent a. packet of letters to the gov-
eniour, directed to Sir Christopher Gardiner, which, when
the governour had opened, he found it came from Sir Ferdi-
nando Gorges, (who elainis a great part of the Bay of jNTassa-
chusetts). In the paelcef was one letter to Thomiis IMorton,
(sent })tisoner before into England upon the lord chief justice's
warrant :) by both v-.'hich letters it a])])eared, that he had stmie
secret design to recover his pretended right, and that he reposed
much Irnsl in Sir Christopher Gardiner.

These lettrrs we oprued, because they were directrd to one,
who w;ts our prisoner, and liad declared himself an ill wilier to
pur cro\v] nwrni}

37.] 'I'lxre came to the govt-rnonr Capt. Soulhro/" of Dor-

every pl:iiualion ; but tlie a.lvcr.-ary felt a momentary emotkm of candor, wlioii
he wrote, that Sir Chr. GarJiuer's interference vitli Gov. AVintim);. preveii'.ed
tlie e.\e<i lion of part of it.

Still 1 aiu Compelled to reiiret tlie cruelty of \]\c punisliment, and am not sur-
prised at tlic dlisatiafaction it produced in England. A letter in my possession
to J. Wir.tlirop, jun., from liis relative, Edward Howes, London, 3 April, 1632,
saya, '• 1 ha\e heard divers eoni;"! iii\!s a^^^inst the severity of you.- aoxirnnit-ut,
especially Mr. Endecott's, and tliat ho shall be sent for over, alioui cutting olf
the luiiiitic ni.in's c.u^, and otln-r grievances."

1 The ta.-k cif justit'\iug thi> breach of confidence, in opening the letters of
(iorgt's, forwarded by his a'ient, might, to many politicians, appear easy; but
I shall men-Iy renuirk, that a little dislike of the prcx?eeding is by the povemQur
indicate'-!, by <.aving this j)aragra|)h only in the niargiu, and, probably, at a later
date. iVrhaj^s, as in the case of riaicllff, some other of the council is charge-
able with the inllucncc that moved the court.

- Soutlicot was one of the principal planters of Dorchester, 1 Ilisr. Coll. IX.
150; but tills is nil the Inf inn.Ttion obtained of him, except, from Capt. Clap,
we may inf-r, v.hat is not probable, that the " worthy gendeman, Mr. Wilham
Southcot, about three mili .-, fmiu tli.; city of I'xetor," with whom he first went
to live, is the same j)ersou. J'rince, II. .",2, iVor.i the Culony llecords, shows,
that, at a court, 2G July f j!!o\.!ng, " Captain touthcot hath liberty to go for

1^31.] JOHN WJXTLfROP. 69

rhester, and bronnrht letters out of the White Angel, (which
was lately arrived at Sauco). She brouglit [blank] cows, goats,
and hogs, and many provisions, for tlie bay and for Plimouth.
Mr. Allerton returned in this ship, and by him we heard, that
the Friendship, wiiich put out from Barnstable [blank] weeks
before the Angel, was forced home again by extremity of foul
weather, and so had given over her voyage. This ship, the
Angel, set sail from [Blank].

July 4.] The governor built a bark at Mistick,! which was
launched this day, and called the Blessing of the Bay.

6.j A small ship of ^sixty tons arrived at Natascott, *-o
JMr. Graves master. She brought ten passengers from
London. They came with a patent to Sagadahock, but, not
liking the place, they came hither. Their ship drew ten feet,
and went up to Watertown, but she ran on ground twice by
the W'j.y. These were the company called the Husbandmen,
and ihriv ship called the Plough. Most of them proved fami-
li<ts and vanished avvay.-

13.] Canonicu?' son, the great sachem of Naraganset, came
to (he governour's house with John Sagamore. After they had

England, promising lo return v-ith all convenient speed." Thomas Southcot
wa^ one of ihe original patentees of :\ra~s;\chusetts, came in company wtl;
^\ mtlirop, had leave to go Lome iu the fleet, under condition ; but he probably
c.-ui-.j Dot back.

^ I imagine this was the author's residence, during the summer, for the first
two or three years, and that Boston then became his constant home; though,
fn^-n the ditogreement bef-.veca him and I)ud!cj, related hereafter under date
<i A-igiTst, lt;:32, it seenis, that he was prevented from sitting doMm at Xew-
lf>wn only by the affection borne by the people of Boston towanis him. The
court of a.«sistants, 6 September, 1631, as by the Records, I. 82, is shown,
"gf-atited to Mr. Governour six hundred acres of land, to be set forth by metes
and Uninds, near his house at :Mistick, to eujuy to him and his heii-s forever."
Ho called tliis farm Ten Hills, — a name it has retained ever since. It is in tlie
^^vn of Charlestown, nejirly opposite tlie entrance of :Maldeu JUver into the
.>u.-ti(k, where they fonu a broad bav.

J This h<t sentence was, as might be supposed by liie reader, and as the
o.-.gin.i! proves, added after the lapse of some time. Gentlemen, wlio reniaiucd
"1 ^i-.ngland, I suppose, had fitted out the expedition; for, it appe:;rs by the
to.oi.y Ilecords, I. 8f>, that, 5 June, 1032, the court "ordt-re-L that the gcnjds
<"•' ''^■^■^•'-■mpanyi.f Husbandmen shall be inventoried by the V.adle, and pre-
«-'«^-eii here for the use and benefit of the said company.''

70 JOHN AnXTIIROP. M63j^

dined, he gave the govemour a skin, and the governour requited
hnn with a fair pewter pot, which he took very thankfuUy, and
stayed all night.

14.] The ship called the Friendsliip, of Barnstable, arrived
at Boston, after she had been at sea eleven weeks, and beaten
back again by foul weather. She set sail from Barnstable
agani about the midst of May. She landed here eight heifers,
and one calf, and five sheep.

21.] The governour, and deputy, and lAIr. Nowell, the elder
of the congregation at Boston, went to Watertown to confer
with INIr. Phillips, the pastor, and Mr. Brown,^ the elder of the
congi-egation there, aljout an opinion,^ which they had pub-
•59 hshed, that the churches of Rome were true churches.
The matter was debated before many of both conoi-e<.a-
tions, and, by the approbation of all the assembly, except'three,
was concluded an error.

22.] The White Angel came into the bay. She landed
here t\<^enty-one heifers.

26.] A small bark of Salem, of about twelve tons, comino-
tow-ards the bay , John Elston^ and two of Mr. Cradock's iisir.

1 Richard Brown is among those, wl,o first apphed for admission as freemen
and, by an order, 5 November, 1G33, in Colony Records, I. 105, I find is
"aUowed by the court to keep a ferry over Charles River against his hoine,
and IS to have two pence for every single person he so transports, and one
penny a j.iece, if there be two or more." lie seems to have been a person of
consequence, and was th. representative of Watertown in the first, second
fourth, nmth, and many tnliowir.g courts of deputies. But no information of
hnn,more than our author's, is obtained, except in Hubbard, 187 who after
saymg "he was discharged from his odlce," which certainly was a -ood thin^.
though meant as no honour. ])e,-ause it j>ennitt.d Imn to come into M service,'
adds, "He was a man of good understanding, and well versed in the discipline
of the separation, hav.ng b.vn a ruLr in one of their churches in London,
where he was known to be v.-ry vi.,K.,.t and passionate in his proceedings."
Still he conunends hm. for " his faitl.fulncss and care of Dr. An.es and Mr
RobcH Parker, s^dl-ly convying them (being himself one that kept a wherrv)
aboard their ves.^el at Grav..s..n.i. .1,..,, they were pursued by some that would
willingly have sliortened (heir iournev."

•^ Of this opinion, more will b. found in future pages. To ri-id Puritans it
seemed, no doubt, very straug.; f „• only the high church party Entertained it;
and all the unint..l!..MbIe wonders of the Apocalypse were usually employed to
prove the bishop of Rome to be Antiehrist.

vant?.^ ^''^^ """" ^ ^"'''' '"'''''"•^'' ■^'''"'"' "''^^''^ ^"" «"^ '^^ Cradock's ser-

]G31.] JOHN WINTIIROP. 71

ermcn being in her, and two tons of stone,^ and three || hogs-
heads j| of train oil, was overset in a gust, and, being buoyed
up by the oil, she floated up and down ||- forty-eight hours, and
tlie three men sitting upon her, till Henry "Way his || boat, com-
ing by, espied them and saved them.

29.] The Friendsliip set sail for the Christopher Islands,
and ran on ground behind |] ^ Conant's 1| - Island.

30.] The White Angel fell down for Plimouth, but, the
wind not serving, she came to an anchor by Long Island, and
ran on ground a week after, near Gurnett's Nose.

Mr. Ludlow, in digging the foundation of his house at Dor-
chester, found two pieces of French money : one was coined
I in 1596. They were in several places, and above a foot within
j the firm ground.^

I August 8.] The Tarentines, to the number of one hundred,
i came in three canoes, and in the night assaulted the wigwam
i of the sagamore of Agawam, by INIerimack, and slew seven
I men, and wounded John Sagamore, and James, and some
j others, (whereof some died after,) and rifled a wigwam *60
I II barrels || || - till tben, when a ]| P C 1|

* I am satisfied that Prince, II. 32, is mistaken in reading this Avord stores.

- The island has been called Governour's Island, probably, ever since it was,
by the court, in April following, demised to Gov. AVinthrop; bnt the rent
reserved, being part of the produce, Avas several times varied. The property
remained in the family of the father of ^Massachusetts, until, within a few years,
it has been obtained by the national government for tlie pui-pose of fortification.

* Perhaps no reader will expect, that the occasion of these coins being lodged
here should be satisfactorily ascertained ; yet I may be pardoned for ofiering a
conjecture, that they came from a French ship, Avrecked at Cape Cod about
fourteen }ears before, whose crew were soon murdered by the savages, except

I three or four, that were "kept and sent from one sachem to anotlier to make
! .«]H3rt with them." Two were redeemed by iJormer, about three years after
I their calamity, and one died among the Indians, having lived with them long
J enough to give them some instruction. See Morton's Memorial, sub an. 1G20 ;
: and Prince, I. 45, relying for his narrative on Bradford and Purchase.
! Hubbard, 134, i)lants some .scattering inliabitants, a few years before, at Dor-
I Chester; luit I know not any proof of such settlement, except these pieces of
j iiumev. As he, again, p. ISO, positively asserts it, we may consider it prob-
i aljle.

73 JOHN TNIXTilllOP. [1G31.

where Mr, Ci-adock's men kept to catch sturgeon, took away
their nets and biscuit, etc.^

[Large blank.]

19.] The Plough returned to Charlestown, after slie had
been on her way to the Christopher Islands about three weeks,
and was so broke she could not return home.

31.] The governour's bark, called the Blessing of the Bay,
being of thiiiy tons, went to sea.

September 6.] The "White Angel set sad from INIai-blc Har-
bour.

About this time last year the company here set forth a pin-
nace to the parts about Cape Cod, to trade for corn, and it
brought here above eighty bushels. This year again the Sa-
lem pinnace, being bound thither for corn, was, by contrary
winds, put into Piiinouth, where the governour, etc., fell out
§ with them,§ not only forbidchug them to trade, but also telling
them they would oppose them by f<:^rce, even to the spending of
their Lives, etc. ; whereu])on they returned, and acquainting the
governour of Massachusetts with it, he T\Tote to the governour
of Piimouth this letter, here inserted, with their answer, wliich
came about a month after.'-

^ Hubbard, 145, says, tlxat the Aga-svara sachem "was the less pitied of the
English," becaii.se they hoard that he " had treacherously killed some of those
Tan-atme flimilies." The invaders were from the cast. Johnson, lib. I. chap.
XXV., iu his usual prolLx manner, mentions the alarm among the EngUsh from
this expe<lJtion, and the precaut'oas of ouv futh.ors; but it is n/jt a very jiroba-
ble story, or at least is mi;ch ornranented.

The number of canoes, thirty, in the foruu^r edition, appeared to me too Large
for the forces ; and as the Arabic nmneral in Winthrop's writing is commonly
followed by a :, which ca-illy deceives a couunon reader, and he had first wrlt-
tfu iir,} j'hhing gJiallopf, I have determined to reject the cypher, and adhere to
my resolution, though both Hubbard, 145, and Prince II. l!2, read our MS. 30.
On a later page, Octubor 2, 1C33, our author observes, tliat tlie Indians of
Long I-liuid have canoes "so great as one will CM-vy eighl;/ men." Had the
fierce natives of the eastern shore so small cudc for their expedition as to w ant
thirty to carry one hundred?

- Since the days of the first generation of tlie statesmim of the two coloiiics,
it may be presumed, these documents have never been seen ; for uo other notice
of them Is known. Perhaps ea'.'h side desired afterwards to destrov them.

1(:.:31.] jOTix ^n^'TiiROP. 73

The wolves did mnch hiirt to calves atid swine beh\-eon
diaries River and Misticl<.^

At the last court, a yovmg fellow- was \\^hipped for soliciting
an Indian sqnaw to incontin'-ncy. Her husband and she »p.
complained of the ]| wrong, |j and were present at the exe-
cution, and very well satisfied.

At the same court, one Henry Linnc^ was whipped and ban-
ished, for writing letters into lOngland full of slander against
our government and orders of our chm-ches.

17.] Mr. Shiird-* of Peniaquid,^ sent home James Saga-

II^'U'-'^'l!

ITie jealousy of the weaker power seems, iii this instrince, less reasonable than
ill some succeediug.

1 This senteitoe is in the maruui.

- The name of the oiTender is found in the first voli'.me o^' our Colony ]lec-
ords, page 82, and, in mediately after the sentence, is added by tlie court,
'•Upon this occasion it is propoiindc-d, wliether adultery, eitlicr with English or
Indian, shall not be jiunished with d'.-ath. Referred to the next court to be
considered of." At the next court of assistants, held 18 of next month, such
an act was adopted, though it could not at fu-st be enforced. It certiiinly indi-
cates rather the rigorous purity than tl-.c wisdom of our early legislators.

'^ Lynn, Avho was of Boston, had been sentenced, in September of the firjt
year, to be whipped. Colony Kecords, I. 59. Dissatisfaction with this disci-
pline, probably, led to his seconil offence, which, from the Kecords, I. 82, con-
sisted only of writing into England '-iLgainst the government and executiou of
justice here;" but it iu"y natundly be Luiagined, that his letters contained some
slander of the ''orders of our churches," though not included in the judgment
against him. His banishment was certainly remitted, though the Eecords do
not mention it: for, in Xovcmb?,r, I'i:'-':;, rlie court fuied hiin ' I- a shlilliigs, for
absenting himself lioui training." Four years later I find, in our town proceed-
ings, an order about the ranging of his fence.

* Abraham Shurd, or Shurt, or Short, lived many years at the eastward ; for
Thomas Gorges, in a letter to Winthrop, Hutchinson's Coll. 11-1, 28 June, 1043,
i^iys, that he had infonnation of the governours writing to him by that person.
From this fact, with the mention of liun by our author in June and July, 1644,
'f is rendered certain, that he was a man of some consideration. In 1ij62, I
have foimd his testimony, that he v/as agent of Aldwoith and Elbridge at their
'•■^tabiishment. He was, therefore, one of those who, under the grant of Sir
i- ■ (iorges, Ilaz. 1. 315, had, tor three years preceding, li\ed at this plantation,
^^^tlch was prosperous. Randoljih, in his letter to Povey, Hutchinson's Coil.
^'''3, represents one of the name, in June, lOS-S, as to^vn ckrk of Pomaquid,
^vlio p< rhaps was a son of the earliest settler.

'' 'J lie president (Sir F. Gorges) and counei! of Xcv,- llngland, in a grant,

VOL. I. 7

74 - JOIJX WINTIIROP. [1G31.

more's ^v^^^ ^'Uo had boon taken away at the surprise at A.ga-
Vv-am, and WTir that the Indians demanded [blank] fathom of
wampaiapeagne and [blank] skins for her || ransom. |I

27.] At a court, one Josia? Plaistowe and two of liis ser-
vants were censured for stealing corn from Chickatabot and
his men, (who were present.) the master to restore two fold,
and to be degraded from the title of a gentleman, and fined
five pounds, and his men to be whipped.^

[Blank.] ,

^nr, October 4.] The Blessing went on a voyage to the ||
eastward. I

11.] The governour, being at his farm house at Mistick,
walked out after supper, and took a piece in his hand, suppos-
ing he might see a wolf, (for they came daily about rhe house,
pnd killed s\\ ine and calves, etc. ;) and, being about half a mile "||
off, it grew suddenly dark, so as, in coming home, he mistook
his path, and went till he came to a little house of Sagamore
John, which stood empty. There he stayed, and having a
piece of mritcli in his ])0cket, (for he always carried about him
ma tell anrl a compass, and in || -summer time snake-weed, jj) he
made a good lue jj°near|| the house, and lay down upoii some
old mats, which he found there, and so spent the night, some-
times walking by the fire, sometimes singing psalms, and some-
times getting wood, but could not sleep. It was (through
God's mercy) a |j'vv-arm|| night; but a little before day it be-
gan to rain, and, having no cloak, he made shift by a long pole
to climb up into the house. In the morning, tlu're came ihither

Ij remission i! || -the former there spake need I| Ij'^and wavuied|I p-sTcary{|

20 Fc'bruary, 1G31, to AlJw.nili a:i.i Kll)ridge, Ilaz. I. 315. recite, that their
pei)ple or servants had occupied tlic nujuth of tlie river three years or more.

1 Copying exactly the sentence of the court, appears to me the bctt expLv
nation of thi> pas<age : '• It is ordered, that Josias Plasto^Ye shall (tor stealing
four baskets of corn froui the Indians) return them eight baskets again, V-c
fined £5, and hereat'ier to be called by the name of Josias, and not Mr. as
formerly he used to be; and that "William Bucklnnd and Thomas Andre■^v shall
be whipjjcd lor being accessary to the same otfence." V,'e must conclud'.
tliercH^re, that, our fathers thought the whipping of the servants a lighter pun-
ishment than the degradation of the master.

ir>31.] JOIIX ^TTN^THROP. 75

an Indian squaw, but })erL-eIving Jier before she had opc-ned the
door, he barred her out; yet she stayed there a great while
essaying to get in, and al last Uie went away, and he returned
safe home, his servants having been much perplexed for him,
and having walked about, and shot of!" pieces, and hallooed in
the night, but he heard them not.

2'3.J The governour received a letter from Capt. AA'iggin ^
of Pascataquack, informing him of a murdi-r committed tlie
third of this month at Richman's Isle, by an Indian sagamore.
called Squidrayset, and hi? company, upon one Walter Bag-
nail, called Great Watt, and one John P , who kept with

him. They, having killed them, burnt the house over «...
them, and carried away their gims and what else they
liked. He persuaded the governour to send twenty m'-]i pres-
ently to t.ike revenge; but the goveriiour, advising with some
of the council, thought best to sit still awhile, partly because he
heard that Capt. Neal, etc., were gone after them, ana partly
because of the season, (it being then frost atid snow,) andwant
of {{ boats j! fit for that expeditioa. This Bagnali was some-
times servant to one in the bay, and these three years had dwelt
alone in the said isle, and had gotten about i400 jj =most in
goods, li He v/as a wicked f'-Uow, and had much wronged the
Lidians.

2-5.] The governour, witli Capt. IJndorhill and others of the
ofHcers, went on foot to S:!,g7is, and next d;iy to Salem, where
they were bountifidly entertained by Cai)t. Endecott, etc., and,
the 2Srh, they rettumed to Boston by the |i Hord || ar, Sagus
River, aiid so (^ver at Mistick.

A plentifal crop.

30.] The governour, having erected a building of stone at
it>ootsI{ I! -interojt in government II pfortlj

^ Tliomas Wi-oiu was agent, or novornour. of the upper plantation, as Xeal
»"a.s of the lower, lie was a worthy man, without doubt: for tlie I'critan
J>^ors, Sayanfl Brooke, employed liimas th.-ir rc-jtresentative, and he i;;r >:■ c. I-
d(«nce in favor of our people agaiu.^t Gorges and Mason. In 16:.m. atU-r th-
'J'Hon ofXew Hampshire with our <'olon}-. lie Ijefame otu- of the as>i-tauts,

'-••'•h. I. 150, p^nd. twr, years Inter, w.-i* among the conuiiis?ionei-< vo ri.-<-eive the
''^i'-nu-sion of the iuhabitanLs of Mmuv. rrobahly de.^cendants perpetuate bis

lumie.

,7§*' . JOHN ^\^XT^R0R

[1G31.

Mistick, rliere came so violent a storm of rain, for twenty-four
hours, from the N. E. and S. E. as (it being not finished, and
laid with clay for want of lime) two sides of it were washed
down to tlic ,£fromid; and much harm was done to other houses
by that storm.

§I\Ir. Pynchon's boat, coming from Sagadahock, was cast
away at Cope Ann, but the men and chief goods saved, and
the boat reco\ (.rod. §^

November 2.] The ship Lyon, William Peirce master, ar-
rived at Natascot. There came in her the governour's wlf-.^
♦^^ §hi3 eldest son, and his wife, §^ and others of his children,
and Mr. Eliot,'' a minister, and other families, beincr in all

1 Our author -n-rotc this sentence in tht^ margin ; but Prmce unuerstood it,
very justly, io n.'fer to tlie same storm, in which, the goveruour's new buiUlin"-
had received such injurv.

' In the latter part of this History, lfJ47, cotice of this lady's death ^^-ilI be
found. She was the governour's third wife, and the mother of all his children
named in tliis work, exeei^t John, Henry, ilarv", and Forth. In an Almanac of
1C17, belon^ring to Adam Winthrop, Esq., fiither of the governour, against 17tli
September, Is this note : "]\[y .voii rid first to ^Faplested." At 12 Januarv, he
remark?, '• This day J. AV., the elder, is twenty -nine years old;" at 12 Febru-
ary, " This day J. ^Y.. the younger, I? eleven years old; at 10 August, '-This
day I, A. ^Y., am sixty-nine years old." He used the same little brwDk for a
register ne.\t year; for, in anotlier part, I find it written, "that on Friday the
2»th of April. lfJ18, liiy s^vti's tliird vlfe came first to Groton. She was mar-
ried to him the -.'Oth uay oi' die sune mouth at Great jNtaplested, anno 1G18."
Iler baptismal name was Margaret, ami her admission at our church was, prob-
ably, on the first Sai'Liy afc-r rrnv;d, her unmber being 111, next to Jolm
Eiiot.

8 Her name was :\rartha. admitted of our ch)irch, Xo. 130, her. husband being
121. She was daughter of Thomas Fones, an apothecary of London, married
after (Jov. AVinthinp came over, bore no children, and dii'd early at Airawam,
before it obtained tiio name of Ipswich. In one of the letters in Appendix the
governour mentions his sister Painter, and I liave a letter of Mr. Painter to
John A\'Inthrop the younger, before leaving England, on tlils voyage with his
mother, in which the writer speaks of his sister, whom his correspondent was to
accompany, and of his (hvufhl^r AVInthroj). It is j)rinted in 3 :\fass. Hist. Coll.
IX. '2;il. I presume Painter had married the wido%v of Fones.

* Tills was the celebrated apostle of the Massachusetts Indians, whose fame
has been too widely ditluscd In Europe nnd Ameriea to need any addition from
the lii'-mble jieu of the eillior. He ioined IJosion church, Xo. 110, and our
pages will show how sooa he was removed to higher usefulness. .Just praise is

j^331.] J^^^' T\TNTHROr. 77

about sixtv persons, vv-ho all arrived in good health, having
been ten weeks at sea, and lost none of tiicir company but tu'c
children, whereof one was the governours daughter Aim, about
one year and a half old,^ wlio died about a week afier Ihey
came to sea.

3.] The wind being contrary, the ship stayed at Long Isl-
and, but the governour's son- came on shore, and that night

given him in 1 Hist. Coll. \Ui. .5, by his amiable name>ake of tlic last genera-
tion. He was of Jesus College, Cambridge, where he took his degree of B. A.,
1622.

1 From the r^e of the daughter, thns mentioned, Ave conclude, that her father
had never seen her. She was baptized 20 April, 16.30. The situation of his
wife in the spring of the preceding year, (see Appendix,) was the reason, prob-
ably, why she did not accompany him. As if a frd:i!ity attended the name, this
•was his third child called Ann.

2 This (.lii:n;;guishcd gentleman, the governour, for many years, of Connecti-
cut, whose name will frequently retur in our History, was the heu- of all his
father's talents, prudence, and virtue^, with a superior share of human learning.
His birth was on 12 February, 1605-6, his father having married, IG April pre-
ceding, being tlien only seventeen jCcixs and three months old, ^lary, daughter
of Johii Forth, Esq., of Great Stanbridge, Essex. By that wife, as we learn
from a letter to the eldest son, published by blather, II. -2, which 1 consider the
most valuable part of the Magnalia, our author had three sons and three daugh-
ters. The sons were John, Henry, and Forth. Of the daughters, Maiy alone
lived; the others, called Ann, died in a few days. All the children of that
union, except the subject of this note, ho says, were deceased before the date
of tl.at leUer, 16-10.

Belknap has honoured the son in his American r>iograi)hy, though we regret
much the brevity of the memoir. He probably relied too far upon M^'.tlier, as
we are sure he did in the Hfe of tlie father. Matlier, sj)oaking of John, jim.,
with his customary carelessness, s;iys, he was " not above twenty-three yi'ars
of age" when chosen assistant, in 1C32. Two sous, Fitz-John, born 14 March,
1038, and Wait-Still, born 27 February-, 1641-2, and live daughters, survived
him, and arc remembered in his will in the Begistn,- of Suttblk, lib. VI. f il.
156. He died in Boston, 5 April, 1676. He was a member of Boston church,
and his wife, ZNIartha, soon at\er coming. She was sister of Elizabeth, who mar-
ried tlie goAcrnour's second son, Henry; and tliey were daughters of Ann, the
governour's sister. Of course each married her first cousin. Martha ihed in
a few years, and the llimily memoirs say, was buried at Ipswich. ^\1I his chil-
enm were bom of the second wife, Elizabeth, the elilest, of tho. same name
with hiir mother, baptized July, 1636. 'Who was the second witV, has been
m-ich .',I-put.'d. In a letter of lJ>ger Williams, 1 2 July, 16.^5, soon ai'trr re-
turning from England, to John Winthrop of Connecticut, he says, ''I had no
7*

■■"'f

73 JOILY VnXTHrtOR [1631.

*Gd V.v:^. governour went to the ship, and lay aboard all night;

!ectei-s tor yuu, but yours wore all ■well. I was at the lodgings of ^Major A\'in-
tltrop and Mr. Peters, hut 1 uiissed tLem. Your brother flourisheth in good
esteem, and is eminent for maintaining the freedom of the conscience, a.^ to
matters of belief, religion, and ■worship. Your fatlier Peters preacheth the same
doctrine, though not so zealously as some years since ; yet cries out against
Kew E'.iglish riLndities nnd ptT'^ecutions, their ci\il injuries and ■vvTcngs to him-
self, and tlieir unchristian dealing ■with him in excommunicating his distracted
■wife. All thL-; he told mc in his lodgings at "VVlutehall, those lodgings ■wliich I
■was told were Canterbury's; but he himself told me that th..- librs'-jiVrhcrein
■we were together, ■was Canterbury's, and given him by the jiarliament. IHs
■wife lives from him, ■not ■wLol'.y, but much distracted. He tells me, he had but
two hundred a year, and he allowed her four score per annum of it. Surely,
Sir,- tlie mo-t holy Lord is most wise in all the trials he exerciseth his people
■with, lie told me, that his affliction from his ■wife stirred him up to action
abroad, and "when success tempted him to pride, the bitteraess i^i bis bosom
comforts ^^as a cooler and a bridle to him." In letters in tue Apvcndix, from
our historian to his son, he speaks of mi/ hrollter Peter, and ?»_y ?ifttr Peter; but
this miglit only refer to Christian fellowship. But another letter of "WiUiimis to
Wnthropof Connecticut, February, 1650-GO, giving premature rumour of Pe-
ter's death, seemed to settle the laatter : '• Sir, you were not long since the son
of two n^l^le fathers, Mr. John Winthrop and ]S[r. If. Peters. It is said, they
are both extinguished. .Sinely, 1 did ever, from my soul, honour and love them,
even when their juilgmciits led them to afflict me."

Ilowfver fair might be tlio inference, often drawn, that Wiuthroj) had mar-
ried a axughter of Peters, it is clearly wrong. The "only child" to whom "A
dying fatlser's last legacy " was addressed by J [ugh Peter.s, was E]izal>eth, to
who^e ijjntlu I- he was not married until souie years after Winthrop's second
marriage. By his former Avlfc Peters had not, therefore, any child living in
1660. 7'he ^Vinthrnp tniditioTinl genealogy niakes the second wife of John,
first vGovernoi r o^' tiie I uited Colony of Connecticut, Elixabeth, baptized 27
^November, IGli, daijghter of Col. Edv-ard Reed of Essex. Her he br<)ught
from Kn-iand in IG-^j, and ^lie was mother of all his clilldren. Elizabeth, the
daughter of Hugh Petei-s, was born at Salem, 1040.

Peters was only six years older than John "Winthrop, jun., ami coul.I not, bv
his first v.-ifc, have had any ehilil above twelve years old, when '\\'inthrop mar-
ried his st-eond.

Fit7-.bjlin, who was a captain in Col. Picad's regiment at the restoration, in
16G0, coiitiuued tu reside in Connecticut, of which he was goveruotrf, by ten
annual elections, from 1G08 to hi< death, 27 November, 1707. Thus father, son,
nnd grandson dietl in tlic highest odlce, to which the affections of the people
could exalt tliem. He wa.s twice married, bad an only child,Mary, who became
■wife of Col. .Toha Livingston. Trait-Still, after ll\ing in Conneciicut during
the lilb of his father, ■svith whom he was colleague commissioner of tlie United

10;; i.] JOllX TVTXTimOP. 79

an<l Ihe next niorning, the wind coming fair, she came to an
anchor before Boston.

Colonies, in 1675, removed to Boston during the usurpation of the charter
rights by Andros, to whom hs and his brothor, the governour, were made coun-
gt'llois. Hutchinson, I. 317. In the spirit of that oppressor, we know, he did
not snnpathize ; for, on the breaking out of the Boston revolution, he was
made b} the patriots lOiiini^.tider of the militia. He was named of the council
by the new charter of AViiliam and Mary; bnt why Increase Slather permitted
his name of baptism, in that instrument, to be curtailed to "Wait, I cannot di-
vine, u.iless he thorght the dissyliable, as one word, sounding Puritanick, mifht
be unpleasant to courtly ears. But that middle name was derived from inter-
marriage of Adam, his grei.t grandtkther, with the family of Still, the Puritan
Bishop of Bath and T^'clls ; and this gentleman was not designated by a per-
verse sLm}>!ieity, which characterized the age. He was afterwards chief justice
of the superior court of ^Massachusetts, and died 7 November, 1 71 7. Ilis wife
was Mory, daughter of Hon. "William Browne of Salem. The inventory of lii?=
estate, that was divided between his son John, of New London, born in Boston,
2G August, 1G81, and his daughter, Ann, wife of Thomas Lechmere, surveyor
of the customs in Boston, returned January, 1717-18, found in Ub. XX. fol. 91,
of Suffolk liegistry, appraises the propei-ty over £3000, of which the Eliza-
beth Islands and stock thereon made £2000. In the settlement of the estate,
a controvei-sy arose, from the deci.siou of which, in Connecticut-, for hLs sister,
John ajjpealed to the king in council, and obtained an ultimate decree in his fa-
vor, consistent with the Ihms of England, and overruling those of the colony.
Sec an account in Trumbull's Connecticut, II. 5-4 ; but observe a strr.nge mis-
take of the reverend auth.or, wlio makes the parties children of the last govern-
our of the family, who was their uncle. He was chosen into the Royal So-
ciety, of Mliich his granrltad'.er had been, from its bcgdnning, a valued corres-
pondent, and remained to his death in England. Ehot's Biographical Diction-
ary contains a valuable extract of tlie dedication to him of tlio 40th volume of
their TriTJactions. The family have preserved many communications of Sir
Kobert ]ioyle, Sir Kenehn Digby, Oldenburgh, and other distinguished natiir-
ali.-ts, to the first govcmour of Connecticut, and many of the second generadou
ader, to this descendant. I have been favour, d with a copy of the recommend-
ation by Sir Hans Sloane and tlii'ee other members, 10 January, 1733, in favor
of the " grandson of the learned John Winthrop, Esq., who was one of the first
inr'nibers of this society, and who, in conjunction with others, did greatly con-
tribute to the obtaining our charter, to whom the Boyal Society, in its early
<l^iys, was not only indebted for various ingenious communications, but their
«'ni--eiirn still contains many testimonies of his generosity, especially of things
K-hling to the natural history of X'ew England." He is the third of the name
m Ha~vard College Catalogue, 1700, married a daughter of Gov. Joseph Dud-
"■y, au,! ,ii,..l 1 August, 17 17. Of -even tluldren, tv,o were sons, John Still,
i-'-Tu at Xew London, loth J anuar)-, 1720, and Basil. Tlie latter died a bach-

JOHN ^^TXTIIROP.

[1G3L

*gg 4.] Thp governour, hi?; wife and chiklren,^ wont on
shore, with ?.!r. Peirce, in his ship's boat. The ship gave
them sLx or seven pieces. At their landing, the captains, with
their companies in arras, entertained them with a gnard, and
divers vollies of shot, and thr(.-e drakes ; and divers of the as-
*g^ sistants and most of the people, of the near plantations,
came to welcome them, and brought and sent, for divers
days, great svore of provisions, as fat hogs, idds, venison, poul-
tiy, geese, partiidges, etc., so as the like joy and manifestation
of love had never been seen in New England. It was a great
marvel, that so much people and such store of provisions could
be gathered together at so few hours' w^arninar.

11.] We kept a da}- of thanksgiving at Boston.

17. J The governour- of Plimouth came to Boston, and
lodged in the ship.

23.] Mr. Peirce went down to lu's ship, which lay at Nan-
tascot. Divers went home wilh him into En^dand bv Vif<yinia,

elor. One daughter Kiarried Gov. "^Vanton of Rhode Island. John Still raar-
lied, 4 September, 1 750, Jane, only daughter of Francis Borland of Boston, by
-v\Lom he liad John, II. C, 1 770, Jane, Francis B., Ann, "William, Joseph, Mary,
Thomas L., and dit-d at Xew London, G June, 177G. Francis B. died at
New York, leaving fonr sons and three daughters. From the second of the
son=, Francis B., 1 have derived nio^t of the original j)apers, that illuitrate the
private affairs of the family. Ann married the late David Scars, Esq., of Bos-
ton ; William ivas of Xcw York ; -loseph of Cliarlestou, S. C. ; and Thomas L.,
H. C, 1780, a distinguished gentleman of Boston, who died 22 February, 1841.
By a second irife, daughter of V.'il'i^tni SberiiF, a Britir-a on.'coi, John Still had
six children, of vrhom throe survived in 182-3, \iZf, Benjamin, of Xew York,
married a daughter of Peter Stuyvesant. Esq., descendant of his ancestor's great
antagonist; Robert, an admiral lu the British navy; Eh'zabeth Seborof Mid-
dlctown. Conn.

1 Besides Henry, one son, prolnibly Stephen, came vith his father. Tlie otlier
children, to come Tvith John. jnn.. could only have been Mary, Forth, Adiun,
Deane, Samuel, and Ann ; but Forth liad died in England some few months
before their embarkation, and I doubt not, that the letter of Ui-snla Sherman, in
the Appcudi.K, relates to him. Tlie loss of Ann on the voyage has just been told
in the text. DeaT.c w.-^s left to pursue his education until iGSj, vdien he c;une
in the Abigail -svith his brother, John, "svlio had gone home the preceding year.
•2 William Bradford, whose character is sufnciently illustrated in B.:lkna])'s
American Biography.

1631.] JOHN YVTInTHKOP. 81

•n.-; Sir Richard Saltoiistali hi^' t'Idesf- son^ and others; and they
were ^^ix weeks in going to A~irginia.

The congregation at Watertown (whereof I\Ir. George Phil-
lips was pastor) had chosen one Iliehard Brown for their elder,
before named, who, persisting in his opinion of the truth of the
Romish church, and maintaining other errors withal, and being
a man of a very violent spirit, the court wrote a letter to the
congregation, directed to the pasior and bretliren, to advise
Ihern to take into consideration, whether Mr. Brown were fit to
be continued their elder or not ; to which, after some weeks,
they returned answer to this eflect : That if we woidd take the
pains to prove such things as were objected against him, they
would [l-^rdeavourjl to redress them.

December 8.] The said congregation being much divided
about their eider, both parties repaired to the governour for
as-;istai:ce, ere. ; wheretipon he went to AYeitertown, with the
deputy govt rnour and Mr. Xowell, and tlic congregation being
assembled, tlie governour told them, that being come to settle
peace, etc., they might proceed in three distinct respects: 1.
As the magistrates, (their assistance being desired). 2. As
members of a neighbouring congregation. S. Upon the an-
swer which we r'X-eived of our letter, which did no way sa+isfy
us. But the pastor, IMr. riiillips, desired us to sit with them
as men.ibers of a ueighbomijig CL-ngregation only, v.'hereto the
.governour, etc.. consented.

Then the one side, wiiich had hrst complained, were j| -moved
to open Jl their grievances; which they did to this effect: That
they could not communicate v, ith their elder, being guilty of
errors, both in judgment and. conversation. After much debate
of these things, at length they were reconciled, and agreed ^^-,
to sfck God in a day of humiliation, and so to have a soi-
f'lnn li ^uniting ;ij each party promising to reform what hath
been amiss, etc.; and the pastor gave thanks to God, anrl the
assembly brake up."

Ijundortakell |r-noticctl to exhibit |j Pw-ritingj]

' Ho came hark, \niii a ^vife, in tlio Siism and Lllcn. IGH-j.
- Uip siil.jc-et of i\\i-i controversy i- t],ii< introduced by ibe eccIesi:i>ti.Ml ],U-
^f-rl-jn of :Massachusotts in 1 Hist. Coll. IX. 21: "Very particular mention is

82 JOH^f -WT^S^THKOP. nQ2i

January 27.] The r^ov-rnour, and some company with him.,
went up by Charles Kiver about eight miles above Watertown^
and named the first brook, on the north side of the river, (bein£^
a fair sti-eam, and coming from a pond a mile from the river,")
Beaver ]>ook, because the beavers had shorn down divers great
trees there, and made divers dams across the brook. Thence
they went to a great rock, upon which stood a high stone, cleft
in sunder, that foiir men might go through, which they caUed
Adam's Chair, because the youitgest of their company w^as
Adam^ AYinthrop. Thence they came to another brook,
greater than the former, which they called Masters' Brook, be-
cause tlie eldest of their ctnnpany was one John Master s.^

made of an elder in the church at Tl'atertown, much to lils honour la an aire of S

bigotry, ihouAx censured 1;/ worthy men, ^\]lo were inUueneed hy t!ie tpidt of '$

the age." ' '^ " |3

1 He was the second son of the governfjur's third wife , and now .r.«an y t-welve P

years of age, admitted to the freemen's oath 2 June, 1611. In the Suil^.lk Eegis- 1

try of Dt-eds, I. 25, Is found au indenture, by vdiieh John Winthrop, MjirL^^ret i

■ hb wife, and Adam their son, giant the Island, called the Governour's Islaiul, to I

Henry Dunster, presiehint of Harvard College, and Capt. George Cooke, to the ^

use of said Adam and Elizabeth Glover, and the heirs of their two bodies, re- If

malnder to the sai.l Adam and hi, heirs, reserving to the governour and his |

wife one third of the apples, pctrs, grapes, and plums yearly gro« ing. This 1

was made on consideration of a marriage contracted and 'intended between the |j

said Alara and EUzabeth, and bearb date 1 February, lC^l-2. He died 2i ^

August. 1G;.2, and thL^ in\entoiy of his estate, t.xken i September, is entered in f|

our Probate Hecords, H. 64. His sou, of the same name, Is the fir.t of the M

famUy in the cata.logue of Harvard College, 1668, was named of tho cnuncil in §

the charter of \\ illiam and Mar-, a!i<l died August, 1700 : and the grandson, of 1

the same name, son of Adam, second in H. C., 1694, was of the council, and k

died 2 October, 1743. Administration of his estate Is in our Probate Records, 1

^^X^7. 221. His son, Adam, the fourth, born" 12 Au"-., 1706, H. C 17-^4 |^

married ^hivy, daughter of Hugh Hall, Esq., of Boston, x^s clerk of our judi- 1

CKd courts, died 12 December, 1744. His will Is in our Probate Kecords, §

XXXVH. 194. John, brother of the last Adam, H. C, 1732, was a member M

of the Royal Society, and distinguished as a professor at the University. The ^

Dictionaries of Eliot and Allen duly honor l:im. The professor had tbur sons ll

at the University; John, 1765, lived in Boston, a merchant; Adam. 1 76 7, was |1

master of a vessel In Gov. Ha.uock's emplov-ment, and in the Du-.ns was M

knocked overb>ard and k,st ; Junes, 1760, a man of umch curious erudition; %

William, 1770, the la>t -irvivur, di.-d 1S25. Of t!=e.,., Johu alone was married, fj

and had issue, Jnhn, II. C, 1706, and Adam, 11. C, isoo. g

- :^L^sters was at this time, I presume, an iukibltant of Watort^nvn, though |j

1(331.1 JOTCx WMTHROP. /63

Thence they came to anotlier high pointed rock, having a *gg
fair ascent on the west side, vvhioh tliey called Mount
Fcake, from one Robert Feake,^ who had married tlie govern-
our's daughter-in-law.- On the west side of Mount Feake,
they went up a very high rock, from whence they might see all
over II Neipnett, |1 and a very high hill due west, about forty
miles Oi% and to the N. W. the high hills by INIerrimack, above
s-Lxty miles ofL''^

February 7.] The governour, Mr. NoweU, Mr. Eliot, and
others, \\-ent over Mistick River at ^ledford, and going N. and
by E. among the rocks about two or three miles, they came to a
very great pond, having iii the midst an island of about one
acre, and very thick wnth trees of pine and jj- beech; || and the
pond had divers small rocks, standing up here and there in it,
which they therefore called Spot Pond." They Avent all about
li'Wliipcuttll Ij- birch]]

the precoilinf;; year he lived, perhaps, at Newtown, where he made a dock, paid
for hy contribution of the whole colony. See Prince, II. SO, 31, GO, and Dr.
Holmes's Hl.^tory of Cambridge, In 1 Hist. CoL!. ^11. 8, 10. Cambridge Piec-
ords say. he died 21 December, IG?.!), and hi? wife five days after. His wi'l,
dated 19 December, 1639, is cue of the earliest in our Probate Eegistiy, being,
vol. 1. 11.

^ Ata court, 4 September following, he was "chosen into the place of lieu-
tenant to Ca])t. Palriek," and be represented Watertown in the first, sec-
ond, third. fit\h, sixth, seventh, and eighth courts of deputies; but my informa-
tion of him reaches htde farther than that, he united with Patrick, 16-10, in the
purchase of Green-svich, Conn., Trumbull, I. 116; but he continued at AV^ater-
to.vn, and die^l there in 1G63, having sev'erJ years Ijccn insane. Tlic ^ame gon-
tirnian is meant, where Hazard, II. 214, lias erroneously giv<u T- //■'''•, as I
know from the oiigiual act of the commissioners, preserved in the archives of
tlie ]\ fa ssachu setts Historical So'-iety. In Frothingham's valuable History of
Charh'stown, p. 66, his name is printed Heake, as a witness to graut from In-
dian Sachems. This arose from mi -take of the double /, the initial letter.
In a verv" accurate description of Waltham, in 2 Hist. Coll. IH. 2G1, the scene
of this early siu-vey, we are iufonued, that the name of the mountain is perpet-
uated.

" She was widnvv of his son Henry.

^ The vrry high hill is AVaelui^ett. the only elevation in :Massi\chusottN that
justly asst-rts the name of mountiiin, ca.st of Conneciicut river, though several
li'ight.-. claim it. The Z^iorrimack hills are, I think, the sjmrs of Monadnock,
UMinliy ,-;d!.;d the Pcierboroii-h r^Iounuuns.

* Succeeding generations have reverenced the first nomiaatlou. , •

M J0II2SMVIXTHR0P. ^153^^

it upon <he ice. From thence (towards the N. W. about half
a mile,) tJicy came lu the top of a very high rock, beneath
which, (towards the N.) lies a goodly plain, part open land,
and part woody, from whence there is a fair prospect, but it
being then close and rainy, they could see but a small distance.
This place they called Cheese Rock, because, when they went
»r,Q to eat somewhat, they had only cheese, (the governour's
man forgetting, for haste, to pur up some bread).
14. j The governour and some other company went to view
the country as far as N'^ponsett, and returned that night.
[Large blank.]
17.] Tlic governour and assistants called before them, at
Boston, divers of Watertown ; the pastor and elder by letter,
and the others by warrant. The occasion was, for that a war-
rant being sent 10 AVaieitown for levying of £S, part of a rate
of £60, ordered for the fortifying of the new town, the pastor
and elder, etc., assembled the people and delivered their opin-
ions, that it was not safe to pay moneys after that sort, for fear
of bringing themselves §and posterity § into bondage. Being
come before tlie governour anrl council, after much debate, they
acknowledged their fuull, confessing freely, that they were in
an error, and made a rt'irneiatioti and submission under thek
hands, and were enjoined to read it in the assembly the next
Lord's day. The gTound of: tlieir error was, for that they took
this government to be no fWlicr l,ut as of a mayor and aldermen,
who have not povver to make laws or raise taxations without
the pco])le; but ujidersicudiiig thai this government was rather
in the. narure of a purliairani, and that no assistant could be
chosen but by the freemen, who had power likewise to remove
the assistaiits and put in oihers, and therefore at every general
court (which v.-as to be held once every year) they had free lib-
erty to consider and ])ropoui!d anything concerning the sam^e,
and to declare their grievances, without^being subject: to ques-
tion, or, etc., th.?y were fully satisfied; and so then- submission
was accept f'd, and their odence pardoned.^

1 In tlie u!ij.-cfiou fu" tho<o gentlmon of ^Yatertown. there >vas nr.i..li force,
for r.o power >vas by the chaitir granted to tl.c guvjniour and assistants to raise
money b}- levy, assessment or taxatiou. Indeed, the same may be said of the

1631.] JOnX WINTRKOP. 85

March 5.] The first com-fc after -v.-intcr. It was ordered, *71

right of making general orders or la-^s; f-.r tlit? directors of the c<.rnjiany, or
court of assistants, could only be exfcutive. Tlte company, or great body of
the cor{^)oration, however, submitted at first to the mild and equal temporary
usurpation of the otjicers, chosen by themselves, which was also justified by in-
disputable necessity. So sunply patiiarchal was the government, and so indif-
ferent was the majority of the settlers to retain their full charter rights, that,
at the first gmera^ court, or vweting of the irhole company, held at Boston, 19
October after their arrival, " for the establishing of the government, it was pro-
pounded, if it were not the best course, that the freemen should have the power
of choosing assistants, when tliere are to be chosen, and the assistants, from
amongst themselves, to choose a govornour and deputy governour, who, with
the asslsta,nts, should have the power of making laws and eb(X)sinL' officers to
execute the same. This was fully assented unto by the general vote of the
jieople and erection of hand'^." Col. Eec. I. Gi\ Such an extraordinary sur-
render of powtjr proves, that no jealousy was excited by the former assuaiptian,
by the governour and assistants, of the legislarive, in addition to the executive
and judicial functions, with whii li the charter seems to invest them. From the
circumstance of omission of any mention, by our author, of that general court,
we may conclude, that the grant was not viewed as very important. The cru-
dity of their political system is fartlier evidenced by the neglecting to notice in
tlie Records the choice of assistants the next year after such enlargement of
tlieir authority, especially if vte remember, that, besides the governour and dep-
uty, only five of the council remained, though the charter required eighteen.
The maimer of the early eU-etions also, which was by proposing the former teu-
a!it of office for the new j-ear, and calling for a show of hands, rendered the
rontinuani-e of the assistants almost certain. But though the secretary has left
no trace of the exercise of their rights, at -the. general meeting of !May, 1631,
in the choice of assistants, the peoj)le appear to have made inquiry on the sub-
ject, since it is recorded, I. 72, after notice of the election of governour and
deputy, as fn'luws : '• For explanation of an order made tliC last general court,
holden the l!irh October last, it vw'h ordered now, Auih lull consent of all the
commons then present, that, once in every year, at least, a general court shall
W holden, at which court it shall be lawful for the commons to propound any
jvT-^)n or persons, whom they shall desire to be chosen assistants, and if it be
•l>>n])tful, whether it be the greater part of the commons or not, it shall be put
to the poll. The like course to bt: holden, when they, the said commons, shall
-VT cause, for any defect or misbehaviour, to remove any one or m.ort: of the
a-^si^tants."

The cause of uneasiness, the s-.'cond year, was, we may presume, the small
nuniK-r that constituted the sujireme council or parliament. . "We nmy be ccr-
fnn, at le.Tst, thai no inequality in the proportion of bunions sharpened the op-
I'^'sition to the a~>cssnn-nt in the text; tor of tiie thirty pound.s ievieil in July
[.r.-cc,ling, Boston and \\'a:ert')n-n iiad each fee, and each paid equally in the
«ubs<?quont rate. It might, by modern conjecture, be supposed, that the Water-
VOL. I. 8

86 . JOIIX wr^lIIROP. [1632.

xhrj *:.= ■ . mrts (wl'lcb brfore were every three wecL's) should
no\\- oc iicld the first Tuesday in every month.^

Commissioner.-; appointed to set out the bounds of the towns.

14.] The bark Warwick arrived at Natascott, having been

at Paseataquack and at Salem to sell corn, which she brought

^.^ from Virginia. At lier coming into Natascott, with a S.

E. wind, she was iu great danger, by a sudden gust, to be

cast away upon the rocks.

19.] She came to Winysemett.

Mr. Maverick, omi of the minisicrs of Dorchesfer, in drying
a little powder, (whieh took fire l)y the heat of the fire pan,)
fired a small barrel of tvvO or tlnec pounds, yet did no other
harm but singed his elotlies. It vras in the new meeting-house,
which was thatched, and the thatch only blacked a littlc.

April 3.] At a court at Boston, tlie deputy, Mi. Dijdley,
went away before tht- court was ended, and then ihe secretary
debvered the goveruoiir a letter from him, directed to the gov-
ernouT and assistants, Vv'herein he declared a resignation of his
deputyship and place of 4*ssistarit; but it was not allowed.

x\t this court an net was made expressing the governour's
power, etc.. and the oflice of the secretary and trea^uxer, etc.^

town pcoplt' Tvera le<s satlyfi'iil with tho o^jtrt of die present expeiuliture ; but
tKIs Wiulu be erroneoii?, for tlic olhor p'.nitations vrou'id derive as little protec-
tiou as tliey t'roni tbIs"pali.-jaJo; yet Dudley and Brailstreet were the only mem-
bers of the court, by which tlie rate was levie#^"tvho lived at NeM-towii. To
the agitation of this subject, ^ve may refer (lie origin of that couiinitiee of two
from each t)v.ii toad\l;e will; the court about Kiising public moneys, "so as
■what they should agree upon should bind all," which will be found a few pages
onward, under date of May of this year. This led to the representative body,
having the full powers of all the freemen, except that of elections.

^ An order of extraordinary character was passed at this court, " that no
planter within the limits of this jurisdiction, returning for England, shall carry
either money or beaver with him, without leave from the goveniour (for the
time being) under pain of t'orfeiting the money or beaver so intended to be.
transported." Xo conuuent can increase our sense of the dangerous power
thus gi^en, nor display the tolly of such iidiibiflon.

■■' No mention of t!io resignation of Dudley is found in the Ciilony Kccords;
and it is remarkable, that Oi I ual disreganl of these af^ts about the goveniour,
jecret.'iry, and treasurer i.s eviiiccd, though t'l n^ they appear very important.
One curious occurrence is, however, preserved there : " 'J'homas Knower was

ltj;;:2.] jvOiiN wixTimop. §7

9.] The bark "Warwick, and iMr. Maverick's; pinnace, went
Old ti'Wards \ irginia.

12.] The goveriiour received letters from l^liniouth, signi ly-
ing, that tliere hact been a broil between their men at Sowani-
tet and the Naraganset Indians, who set upon the English
house there to have taken Owsarnequin,^ the sagamore of Pack-
anocott, who was fled thither with all his people for refuge ;
c:nd that Capt. Stundish, being gone thither to relieve the three
English, which were in the house, had seij-t home in all haste
for more men and other provisions, upon intelligence that Ca-
nonicns, with a great army, was coming against them. "VVithal
they writ to uur governour for some powder to be sent with all
possible speed, (for it seemed they were unfurnished). Upon
tliis the governoiu- presently despatched away the messenger
V\itli so nnich powder as he could carry, viz., twenty-seven
pounds. .

IC] Tlie messenger returned, and brought a letter from the
goverjiom-, signifxing, that the Iridic ns Vv'cre retired from Sow-
ams to fight withx the Pequlns, which was probable, because
John Sagamore and Chickatabott were gone v/ it h all their men,
§viz., John Sagamore with thirty, and Chickatabott with
[ljlank]§ to Canonicus, who had sent for them.

A wear was erected by Watertovv^n men upon Charles ^r^.-.
Rivt^r, tliree mih^s above the town, where they took great
store of shads.

A Dutch ship brought from Virginia two thousand bushels
of corn, which was sold at four shillings sixpence the bushel.

May 1.] T!ie governour , and assistants "^ met ?>\ Boston to
consider of the deputy his deserting his place. The points dis-
cussed were two. The 1st, upon what groitnds he did it: 2d,
whether it were good or void. For the 1st, his main reason
was for public peace ; because he must needs discharge his con-
.■^cience in speaking freely; and he saw that bred disturbance,
<"tc. For the 2d, it was maintained by all, that he could not

set in the bilbows for throutciiing the court, that if he should bo punished, hii
Would have it tried in Enj^land, whether lie was lawfully puni.-iied or not."
' Formerly oalkd ^ila^^a^oiet., fivther of tlie celebrated Philiu.
Undoubteii'.y this was a private luecJiig, i.>r notice of it is not found in the
Records.

88- JOHN ^^^:TIIROP. [1632.

leave his plar-p, except by the same power whicli put hitn in;
yet he would noi be pat from his contrary opinion, nor would
be persuaded to continue till the general court, which was to
be the 9rh of this month.

Another question fell out willi him, about some bargains he
had made with some poor men, members of the same congre-
gati(m, to whom lie had sold seven bushels and an half of corn
to receive ten fo: it after harvest, which th ' governottr ai-d
some others hehl to l)e oppressing usury,^ and within compass
of the statute ; but he persisted to maintain it to be lawful, and
there arose hot words about it, lie telling tlie governour, that,
if he had thought he liad sent for him to his house to give him
such usage, he would not have come there; and that he nev(?r
knew any man of understanding of other opinion; and that
tlte governour thor.ghi otherwise of it, it was his weakness.
The goveri;oiir toolc notice of these vspeeches, and bare them
with more piitience than he had done, upon a like occasion, at
another time. T'jjon this there arose another question, about
his iiouse. Tiie go^ernou^ having |j formerly 1| told him, that
he did not well to bestow such cost about wainscotting and
adorning his liouse, in the beginning of a plantation, both in
regiird of the inT(^s-;ity of public charges, and for example, etc.,
his atiswer now w:..^. that it was for the warmth of his house,
and the charge was little, being but clapboards nailed to the
,r~. wall in tlie I'orrn of wainscot. These and other speeches
passed before dirmer. After dinner, the governour told
II -them, {| that he h.id heard, that the peoj/ie iiiientled, at the
next genera! conrl, to dfs.ire. tl.-.d tlu^ assistants nught be chosen
ant.'W evt-ry yem-, and that the governour mi^lii be ehostn by
the v,hoIe court, and not by the assistants oidy. Upon tins,
Mr. Taidlow- grew imo pas<ion, and said, that then we shottld
!! freely !j fbim||

^ Coinuion s<usL' viiiilicated her riglits long since in 2\lassacluisetts, though
she has not yet oht.uned a lull triumph in all dealings between man and man.
The pn.viso in our starutf^ against usury, 17S3, c. 5.3, directs, that '-nothing iu
thi^ act shall extend to the, letting ot' cattlr. or other usages ot" the like nature,
in practice auKcgst f.;rmer-:, etc., a- Inlh Ilcu he re lot ore a<-cn.<!(>,n>Al."

- This name standii.g Jicro, as iu ilie first euliion, though the reader av;',s
inibnued, in it5 li.-:t of errata, Jour in number, at the end, that it should be Dci>-

]G?-3.] JOim ^YnNTIIROP. 89

have no government, but there would be nn interim, wherein
every man might do what ]je pleased, etc. This was aii?wered
and cleared in the judgme-it of the rest of tlie assistants, but
he continued stiff in his opinion, and protested he woukl then
return back into England.

Another |] business 1| fell out, which was this. ]Mr. Clavle^ of
Watertown had complained xo the governour, that Capt. Pat-
rick,- being rt-moved out of their town to Newtown, did com-
pel them to watch near Newtown, and desired the governour,
that they miglit have the ordering within their own town. The
governour answered him, that the ordering of the ^\"atch did
properly belong to the constable ; but in those towns where the
captains dvNclt, they had thought fit to leave it to them, and
since Capt. Patrick w^as removed, the constable might take
care of it; but advised aim wiihsl to acquaint the Qcpiity ^„r-
with it, and at the court it should be ordered. Clark went'
right home and told the e.iplain, that the governour had order-
ed, that the conr^iable should set the watch, (which was false;)
II question [j

l.KV, — I must giv(.- a short explanation. Our original MS. is plain enough;
the copy, too, y.roparcd for the press by the secretary of Connecticut, written.
in an uncommonly fair hand, no^v in the archives of our Historical Society, I
testify, follows Winthrop. The fonner editor, as ho himself assured me, never
read the origiral ; and we must coijjecturc, and only coiijecture, why he did not
fi/ilow the copy. Ludlow's name had not, in this conference, been mentioned
before, as Dudley's had. By his correction of the text, against the authority of
original and oojiy, t;i;' editor icuii ^.a^c thor-ght proper to insert Dudley, bo-
cause, he ^\ai the O'.'i, p>.r?on lik.ly U< tall iiito a pa-ssion. Had Mr. Webst*;r
been conversait with thv^. early h.i^tory of Connecticut, he would have bett<-r
judged the character of Ludlow.

1 John Clark, the constable, was appointed by the court early in this year.

* He came in the fleet, it is probable, with the governour, as a military leader
and instructer; for, at the court of assistants, 28 September, 1C30, we find,
l*rince, IL 1, thnt fifty pounds were assessed on the plantations for him and Vn-
••orhill. I suppose their pay was raised, as the colony became more able to
b«Mr the expense. At a court, 4 March, 1633, tliirty pounds were levied, a.s
tlieir half year's compensation. Col. Kec. T. 96. Patrick was admitted a free-
nian in May, 1631 ; but for any farther information of him, except altout his
removing to Connecticut, it is in my power to do no more than refer to the sec-
<""'d \olumo t.f this Ili.st >rv, in v hii^h l^is death is to!nnicn'Orated, near the close
of 164.3.

i90 JOHJS Vt'INTHROP.

[1632.

hut the cnptain answered somev-liat rashly, and like a soldier,
which being certified to the governoiir by three witnesses, he
sent a waiTant to tije constable to this effect, that whereas some
difficulty was fallen out, etc., about The watch, etc., he should,
according to his office, see duo watch should be kept till the
court had taken order in' it. This much displeased the captain,
who came to this meeting to have it redressed. The govern-
our told the rest what he had done, and upon what ground;
Vv'hcreupon they refused to do anything in it till the cotun.

AVhile they were thus sitting together, an Indian brings a
letter from Capt. Standish, then at Sowams, to this etlect, that
the Dutchmen (which lay for trading at Anygansett or Nara-
gan.^cLi) iiad lately informed him, that many Pequins (who
were professed enemies to the Anagansetts) had been there di-
vers days, and advised us to be watchlul, etc., giving other rea-
sons, etc.

Thus the day was spent and no good done, which was the
more uncomfortable to most of them, because they had com-
mended this meeting to God in more earnest manner than or-
dinnry at of her meetings.

May S.]^ A general court at Boston. "Whereas it was
(at our fust coming) agreed, that the freemen should choose
the assistants, and they the governom, the whole court
agreed now, that the governour and assistants should all be
new chosen every year by the general coitrt, (the governour
to be always chosen out of the assistants ;) and accordingly
the old governour, .lohn "\Virithrop, was chosen; Jiccord-
ingly all tlie rest as before, and Mr. Humfrey- and Mr.

1 llio charter fixed WeiJae-day tlie 'Jtb, ami rHiice thus quotes it from the
Cokuiy reconJ.

" This distin-uLshed planter deserves gi-eater honor than ho lias received from
tlie brief note of Hutehinson, whieh Eli-it transcribed, but could not enlarge.
Allen lias forgotten to name liini ; but his importance in the colony will be ob-
served from many pass^iges of this Ili-tory. He had been chosen' deputy gov-
ernour at, a genem! court of our company in England, 20 October, 16211, though
our annu;il regist.rs, tl,;it used to record, in their list of gentlemeu who had
filled that office, tiie name of Culle, who never came to our country, omitted
tluit of IlumiVey. lie was aln^ om- of die original patenrccs of iLe colony of
Connecticut. Jla;^. i. iJlS. An adventurous desire of planting new colonies
consumed his estate ; and all wish to end his life with us must have been dc-

IQ'32.] JOHN \nNlITROP. 91

Co'lcnngfon also, becau.^e tlioy were daily expected. *^^

The deputy governour, Thomas Dudley, Esq., having
submitted the validity of his resignation to the vote of the
court, it was adjudged a nullity, and he aecepted of his place
again, and the governour and he being reconciled the day
before, all things were carried very lovingly amongst all, etc., and
the people carried themselves with much silence and mc>desty.

John Winthrop, tiie governuur's son, was chosen an assistant.

A proposition was made by the people, that every cora})any
of trained men might choose their own captain and officers ;
but the governour giving them reasons to the contrary, they
were satisfied || without |j it.

Every toun chose two men to be at the next court, to advise
with the governour and assistants about the raising of a pirblic
stock, so as what they shoidu agree upon should bind uil,.ctc,.^
II with II

slroyeil by t1ie sliockiiig calauiitirs In liis family, of wliirh notice Avill be found
in ihfse pages, under date of Xovcinbcr, 1G41. If any reader -would excuse
hh natural iudipiation, felt on perusal of tlie narrati\e of Hubbard, 379, when
olis'jurcly coninicnring ou these .sufleringa, -nhieli he almost calls a judgiaeut for
tile otTence of leaving our country, ho may recollect, that the full relation of
Vi'inthrop %va.s tlieu lying before llubivard, and then study the character of the
alHicted father in his letter to our author, 4 September, 1640, iu Hutchinson's
Coil. 159. Xo praise of the subject of this note cau be equivalent to that ejtistle.

Ilumfrev was V)rother-in-law of I-aac Johnson, havlrg married Susan, sister
of the la'ly Arbella. From his connexion with the Earl of Lincoln, I presume,
tliat he was not the person, honored by an order of the celebrated •' High Court
('f .Iu>tiee," -JO January, 11(48-9, ••that Sir Henry IMilduiay be desired to de-
liver unto John Humphreys, Esq., the sword of state iu his custody, wliieli said
sword, the said Mr. Humj-hreys Is to bear betore the lord president of this
court." Perluqis he h;id no connexion with those proceedings, which, in a few
•lays, terminated in the executloa of his sovereign. I have bcou favored with
f"ur letters from him to Johu AVinthrop, the younger, of 18 August and 4 Xo-
venilxr, Ulol, 21 June, and 3 Heeeuiber, 16o2; the fir^t directed for him '-at
t!u; I>oIphin, 'Sir. Huuifries' hou.-c, in Sandwich," when preparing to come over
with his father's wife and his ov.n, tlie other three to him here at Boston, all
written before Humfrey left England. They ore full of pious reflectlon.s and
encounigement to the plantation ; but give no asslst-ance to merely historical
li'.quiries.

^ lint Humfrey did not come before IGot, and Coddlugton not until lO:;,"..

* rriiiee, H. HO, gives, fi-om the Colony llecords, the names of the gentlem.m
l.iat termed this embrj'o of a parliament : —

02 JOHN W12nxuR0P. [1632.

*"I''hib eou.T V ;■.- '>:-gL;n and cndocl with speeches for the, etc.,
as fornir-rly.*

,^-. The f^-.'ivciiicuiv, amo.M? tither tilings, u.scd this speech to
ihe pco|>]e, af!<M- he had laken his oath : Thnt he had re-
cci.ed gratuities f;oni divers towns, which he received with
much eoniforl and content; he had also received many kind-
nes.^es from particular person-, which he would not refuse, lest
he should be accounted uncourteous, etc.; but he || professed, [j
thai ho received ihcin v.'ith u ireuibling heart, in regard of God's
rule, and the coji.^ciousness of his own jj -infirmity ; |j and there-
fore desired tIipp., Tnat hercafi'-r they would not take it ill, if
he did refuse prtsc'its from. jKirticuIiri persons, except they were
from the assistants, or from some special friends ; to which no
£-1! "0, vrns )!V'd' : b'^t he wa- toW after, that many good peo-
ple were mucii gri( ved at it; for that he never had any allow-
ance Towards tile charp;e of his place.

;ii.] The f'jiiilJcation upon the Corn Jlill at I>oston was
be^um.

-.*'"). "I Ch;\rl>\sio\\'n men cume and wrouglit upon the fortifi-
culion,

j.loxbury the next, and Dorchester the next.

26.] Tlie W'iiale arrived vvitli jNIr. Wilson,' Mr. Hammer,"
1.' expro??-jd ij piui-ouforuiity 11

1. Mr. OKrunm ami Mr. IMaskrs.for Watertown.

2. Robeir i.\^l■^ -.uA Joha J..]w..>,;., f.^ TJoxbnry.

:■'. "Mr. ^^il!:; ui (:M.ro:i ;uiu 'U'il'i.iui theosbrougl!, Cor Iv.jitou.

.4. Rifhani Wn::}it and , for Sag us.

C>. jSIr. L< ok^voo! ami Mr. Spciu.'cr, for Kcwtown.
C. Mr. Gihlxins ami Mr. P.ilm t, tor Ciiarlestowu.
7. Mr. Cunant ami Peter l',i!i'nn , for Saleiu.
S. Williani FxAy? and John GalUird, f )r Dorchester.
' Wilson bronalit his ^vifc.

- Ricliani l)uuum.-r will be frequonily nientionecl in tin's niiLory, and Hutch-
inson and Khot ]<av.j voil prestM-vci his reputation. • It id losii remarkable, th.'J,
the former fell into a.i tnor of t!in '■ yerirs in the date of this gentleman's arri-
val, than that thf laai-r eoii'ed it, ni.h AVinihrop in his posscs--ion. The mis-
take of one lett*:r of tho name In tl.'; for'mer edition, ho^ve^cr, prevented Eliot,
perhaps, from "''.uiii'.n;/ the fac> liVjii \h<^ text, though it had been correctly
given by Priuco. In this place, It maybe proper to observe another error in

jG,3-2.] J<^HN WINTimOP. 93

nivl about thirty pn??e?iger?, nil in health; and of seventy cows
lo:<t but two. She came from Hampton, April Slh. Mr. Graves
was master.

June 5.] The William and Francis, Mr. Thomas master,
with about sixty passengers, whereof Mr. Welde ^ and old »r~o
Mr. Batchelor- (being aged 71) were, with their families,

tlie XfW England Biography of Diimtuer. He was of Roxbun-, not Boston,
before his settlement at Xewbury. In the antinomian controversy, he was of
the heterodox, or weaker party, and of course puuishcd for his opinion.-. "\'\ Itli
others of the same principles, he purchased Rhode Island; but soon after re-
turned to Massachusetts ; and even Jolinson praises him. He was gTandtather
of the celebrated Jeremy Dmnmer; and of Lieut. Gov. ^\'ilHam Dununer,
founder of Dummer Academy.

^ Of ITionias AVelde enough, it may seeui, to an indifferent reader, vdll be
fuuud in the progress of tliis History, or in the Dictionaries of Eliot and Alien.
But as he figures in one of the most uupurtant events of our colonial history,
and himself furnished a Narrative of it, I shall not be restrained from honoring
him further in these notes, at a more proper place. It may uow only be neces-
Riry to suggest, connected with Eliot's compliment, that " we may suppose him
a v.ry prudent and judicious man," the cautions of the same author, in the his-
tory of his celebrated namesake, before referred to. 1 Hist. Coll. YHI. 7 and
S. Welde had sutiered in p:ngland from the follies of the bishops. See the
interesting letters of Henry Jacie, in 3 Hist. Coll. I. 235. There was a brother
of i!i..: clergyman, Joseph, at Roxbury; and, I believe, of both, certainly of
Thomas, descendaiits are spread in the land.

■■* This unfortunate gcritlemnn, Stephen r.ac'>holor, whose name does not occur
iii e::'nr of the Biogi-aphical Dictionaries, will often be noticed in the pages of
this work, about tlie close of 1C,35, while he remained at Lynn, in November,
1 '■'.'', when he '.vas j.astor at Hnmpton, a;id in July. I(';i4, wIkm he v.as re-
■■;i.ii!ud .from the exerei-o of his otH' e ;it Exeter, llubbanl, 1D;5. mentions
Ni'tvbury, as another scene of h\> dis(]tn\'t, which might be in the progress from
Lynn to Hamptoa ; and in IjclknajVs Xew Hampshire, I. 37 and 52, his name
1^ iiitro<luced. An unfavor<U)Ie opinion of Batchelor seems to have prevailed
*»j«'ii after his arrival ; for, in our Colony Records, L 93, I find, he was, at a
' 'i.rt, 3 October, 1(532, ■' required to lbrt>ear exercising his gitls as a jiastor or
« • !'-h.-r publicly in our patent, unh->s It be to those he brought with him, tor his
' > iiti-mpt of authority, and till some scandals be removed." But, at the court,
■* M.ir-h followinir, he was relieved from this inhibliion. Johnson, In the
^'ivt(-h<-d vei-scs, with which he usually closes his notice of the distinguished
'-'•-f of the colony, advises hiin, as if he were alive at the period, when his age
>•■' ninety must have dislnclint-d him to regard the precept,

"Toiich tliysolf with oth.-rs till. u li:u-t nvoij;
Thv tlowiiig fame uutu k.\v ebb U brauglit." . - -■

94 .. JOiDT V\^NTHi^op. [IG30

and many other honest men : also, the Charles of Barnstal.lo,
with near eighty cows and six mares, Mr. Ilatherly/ tha mer-
chant, and about ^,venty passengers, all safe, and in henlUi.
T^hey set sail, viz., the William and Franeis from London,
Mareh the 9th, ai-d the Charles from || Barnstable, |! April J 0th,
and met near Cape Ann. Mr. Wirjslow^ of Piimouth came in
the "William and Francis.'

12.] The James, Mr. Grant master, arrived. Her passage
was eight weeks from London. ||-Sheij brought sixty-one
heifers and lost forty, and brongia twelve passengers.
*79 ^^'^ ^ ^^y °^ thanksgiving in all the plantations, by
public authority, for the govd siiccess of the king of Swe-
den, and Protestants in Germany, against the emperour, etc.,
and for the safe arrival of all the ships, they having not lost one
person, nor one sick among them.

'414.1 The governour was invited to dinner aboard the
Whale. 1'he master fetched him in his boat, and gave him
three pieces at his going otT.§

The French came in a pinnace to Penobscot, and rifled a
trucking house bekmging to Pliniouth, carrying thence three
hundred weight of beaver and other goods.* *They took also
one Dixy Bull atid his shalloi) nnd goods.*

One Abraham jj'Shurd|| of Pemaquid, and one Cnpt.
Wyighl,^ and others, coming to Pascataquack, being bound for
jIForu.moiuIi;! i|-Ht--|| i|"Shccrt|j

i. It is not to be oxpcrtod, that any thing can be added bv mn to the aoqui-.i-
tioiis of the ;-ui.iquar\ , wlio duly honoi-s riinotlij ilath.rly, •■ t!:.' pritu-ipal foiuidi.T
and father of the tuwn of Sc-ituate," in his History of that pl;K>o.

- To the life of Kdwanl Winslow, governour of Piimouth, a great man in nil
circum.^taneos, the elaborate work of Dr. Belknap has atVnrth'd sutlioient eare ;
but whatever, beyond the American Biographer, can be acquired by diligenra
and adorned by alVectlofi, must be read in Judge David's edition of ^Morton's
Memorial. A very interesting letter from AVin<low, at Barbados, IManh,
16o4-r>, on Cromwell's great expedition a-ainst the vSpanish West Indies, in
-R-hich he died, Is contained In Thurloe's Sta'e Papers, published by Birch lib
2.50.

3 Names of several other passengers in this ship, as al-o of those in the
Jan.es, are preserved In 4 Mass. Hist. Coll. 92 and 93.

* Ample account is gi\e!i cf./'this linvtih-. or felonious. traiHactlon, bv (''»"•
Bradford, preserved tiy Prince, 11. C<'?..

^ I presume this to be the same pcrMin, who was one of two chosen fur

jt;;j2.] Jonx >\in^tiirop. 95

tliis bay in a sliallop with c£"?00 worth of commodities, onp of
the seamen, going to light a pipe of tobacco, set fire on a bar-
rel of powder, which tare the |jboat|| in pieces. That man
\vas never seen : the rest were all saved, but the goods lost.

The man, that was blown away with the powder in the boat
at Pascataquack, was after fouiuP with his hands and feet torn
off. This fellow, being wished by another to forbear to take
any tobacco, till they came to the shore, which was hard by,
answered, that if the devil should carry him away quick, he
v/onld take one pipe. Some in the boat were so drunk and
fast asleep, as they did not awake with the noise.

A shallop of one Henry Wny of Dorchester, having been,
missing all the winter, it was found that the men in her, being
five, were all killed treacherously by the eastern Indians.

Another shallop of his being sem out to seek out the other,
v.as cast away at Aquamenticus, and two of the men drown-
ed." A fishing shallop at Isle 01 Shoals was overset. One
NoddisN an honest man of Salem, p carrying || wood in a ^qn
canoe, in the South River, was overturned and drowned.
11 bark li ||- running ||

Sagus, about a public stock, as montionc'l in a note on page 76. Rubbanl,
1?5, makes all the people in the boat belong to Pemaquid; but I give little
credit to him, because it is evident, that he took all his information from ^Yirl-
throp, in this place, and copied him so carelessly as to give the year 1G33.

- Mather introduced this accident, sixty-five years atler, into a sermon, ISIagn.
VI. with a ridiculous addition, of the body being found in the v:oods long after,
torn in pieces.

- IMy chief object, in tb:? note, 15 to C'li^erve an error in the History of Dor-
chester, by the Rev. Dr. T. M. Harris. In 1 Ilist. Coll. IX. 152, after inserting
the substance of the two preceding sentences, on the authority of Hubbard,
1!^^, then existing only in ^IS., instead of Winthrop, from whom Hubbard took
h;.-i story, with a trilling addition, which probably is a mistake, that Way with
hi-i company perished by the Indians, — these absurd remarks are added, from
Hiibb;ii-d, but ascribed to our author: '• Thus otttimes, he that is greedy of gain
troubles his own liouse ; and, instead of acquiring a httle pelf of this world,
'<>cs his own life in the conclusion; -which hath been observed as very re-
nuiikublo on many, who have followed that course of hte." Some gratitude
Ji-pht be due to Hubbard, perhaps,, had he enlarged the facts, as well as the
wonl.'i, of the text ; but as his work was written nearly fitly years after the (oc-
currence of an event so compar:i.ti\L-ly uuiniporUint, 1 am convinced, that he
carelessly added the murder of Way, without any information, having intended

95 " JOHN WDsTIir.OP. [JG32.

July.] At a training at WaiertowTi, a man of John ||0]d-
ham's,||i havin,::^ a musket, which had been loi.g charged \vith
pistol bullets, Ij-notjl knowing of it, gave fire, and shot thrt-e
IIAldeu'sii 11 'and II

nothing more than to transcribe, as usual ^ith him, the contomporarj- naiTative.
From the silence of ^Vintnrop on a particular, which would have been the prin-
cipal incident of the tni^^edy, as reported at the time, and from the subsequent
expcdiclou of another shallop of Jos, that Way was riot killed, would be a prob-
able coucluiion ; but this is rendered certain by the MS. annals of Blake of
Poi-chester, who, ur.der 16G7, luentions his death at the mature age of eighty-
four years.

1 Copious materials for the character of this person are found in :Morton's
Memorial, 74-82, condensed by Hubbard, 92-94, who suggests to our judgment
some reasonable cautions in perusing the Tlunouth secretary. The contempo-
rary. Gov. Bradford, in Prince, I. 14;', 153, 154, atTords also some better infor-
mation, which proves that Oldham wa^ much disliked. But be was so far re-
stored to the atloctioos of the iirst colonists, after some y^-nrs. as to be intrusted
with tlieii- letters to Knglaud, in June, 1G28, when Thomas Morton was sent
home a prisoner. 1 Hist. Coll. HI. 63 Oldliam was, probably, very enterpris-
ino", and less di-])Osed to overlook this world, in his regard for the next, than
most of his early ncighV)0urs. His boldness and acquaintance with the natives,
and perhaps disiifleetion to the rigid churcl) discipline of the separatists at Plim-
outh, rend.;red him not unacceptable to our planters, though he desired to pur-
sue a course independent of their territorial rights. See, in Hazard, I. 256,
and, better, in Young's Chronicles of Mass. 141-171, a most valuable letter from
tlie iroveruour a;id coaipany to Eudecott iu 1629. Tliis planter was certainly
Leld in respect in i Lis colony; for he was one of that as.-embly, mentioned in
May preceding, page 7(3, and was cho-=en from "WatertoAvn, where dwelt many
gemlcmen, estecuicd even by the authority of PUmourh. He had, perhaps,
ceated hin.self at "WatC'town, b-fove the iirrival of Wintbrop, coming over alter
the fleet that brought Iligginson, Skclton, ami Sharp ; or he may have come in
tlie great tleet of 1G30 ; but we are confident he was not here iii season to wit-
ness the Inchan deed to U'hetlwriglit. TnmibuU, in two places, I. 34 and 72,
erroneously called him of Dorche-ter, one of Wariiam's congregation. Old-
ham's favor with the Narragansetts, and nmnler by some of those of Block
Island, which was a principal incitement in Massachusetts to the great Pciiuot
war, will be found hereafter in this History.

In copying the relatiim of the accident i).eutioncd in the text, Prince a-sum^s
the tbte of it to be Monday, 2 July, becau-e, at a court ou the 3d, the first
ord»_T that passed, was, " that the captain and other oiilcers take a special care
to search all i)i.-ocs brought into the field, for being ch;:.!-ged with shot or bullets;
and that no per^ou whatever sh;iU, at anytime, charge any piece of service with
bullets or shot, otlier than for tlelcuce of tla-ir houses, or at command from tlic
ctiptain, upon such pcuJcy as tlio court shall tlunk meet to iullict."

•'■-5

163-2.] JOIIN "\^TAT^ROP. 97

men, two into their bodies, and one into his liands ; ^ but
it was so far off, as the shot eniered the skin and stayed
there, and they all recovered.

The congregation at Boston wrote to the elders and brethren
of the churches of Piimonth, Salem, etc., for their advice in
three questions: 1. \Yhether one person might be a civil ma^--
istrate and a ruling elder at the same time ? 2. If not, then
Ij which 11 should be ||-laid dovrn '' |[ 3, Wlicther there might
be divers pastors in. the same church ? — The 1st was agreed by
all negatively; the 2d doubUuIly ; the 3d doubtful also.
[Large blank.]

The strife in Watertovvn congregation continued still; but
at length they gave the separatists a day to come in, or [j ^else i|
to be proceeded against.

6.] At the day, ail came in and submitted, except John
Masters, who, though he were advised by divers ministers and
others, that he h.ad ofiended in turning his back upon the sacra-
ment, and departing out of ihc assembly, etc., because jj ^ihey j!
had then admirted a member whom he judged unfit, etc.; yet
he per^i-tt■c!. So tlie congregation (being loath to proceed
ngninst him) gave him a fm-ther day; S, at vrJiich time, he con-
tinning obstinate, they excommunicated him; but, about a
fortnight after, he submitted himself, and was received in
again.

[Blank.]
At Watertown there was (in the view of di\ers witnesses) a
great combat between a i!;>m5j and a snake; and, after a long
fight, the mouse prevailed aijd Idlied the snake. The |I ° pastor jj
of Boston, iMr. Vrilson, a very sincere, holy man, hearing of it,
gave this interpretation : That the snake was the devil ; the
mouse was a poor contemptible people, which God had brought
hither, which should overcome Satan here, and dispe^ssess him
*-ii his kingdom. Upon the same occasion, he told the govcrn-
f>nr, that, before he was resolved to come into this country, he
dreamed he was here, and that lie saw a church arise out of
twhutll ir-boitdoneji Ji^iUIl [pbelj fimnlstorl]

- rritioe, n. 63, reads this -wonl htaJ. It does not look so to me.

VOL. I. y

5>'i«m-

98 JOHN TvlXTTTEOP. [1632.

tljc purth, -wl!!;.'] p-ie\v np and became a irrarvellons goodlv
cliiiidi.

,00 After i(i:i :;y H imparlances jj and days of hnmiliation, by
ll)0^e of Bo.-toii and lloxbnry, to seek iiic Lord for Mr.
WVIdc hi;; fJi-'.po.-iiic;-, -and tint jidvice of those of Plimouth
being taken, cic. ni length be resolved to ?it down with them
of Koxbury.

[r,ai„;e Lin ok.]

August 2.] The depnty, Mr. Thomas Dndiey, being stiii
diseon vented w'rh r'ne governom-, partly for that the governour
had removed iL- frame of his honse, which he had set up at
Ne%^tow]i, aj!',( p. inly for rh.at he took too naueh authority upon
him, (a? he r^oicfived.) rejievv'eil his complaints to INIr. Wilson
and ?ilr. Wclae, wlio acquninting the governoiir therewith, a
in(.;eting was p greed upon ot Cliarlestown, where were present
th.e goveraoiir :i'id ceputy, V.r. Nowell, IMr. "Wilsonj Mr. Welde,
r»Ii. -Maverick, p.nd Mr. Warham.^ The conference being be-
gan with oallij:g upon the Lord, the deputy began. — that how-
soever he hud some Pparticular j| grievances, etc.; yet, seeing
he wci-^ advised by tliose present, and divers of tlie assistants,
to be silent in ih':'ni, he wouhl let them pr'ss, and so come first
to complain o^ the breach of ]^vomise, both in the governour
and others, in not bnilding ;it Ne\A-town. The governottr an-
sv.-errd, that li'^ hud pcrfoniL'd the words of the- promise; for
he h;id a hon~e lij), and seven cv eight servants abiding in it,
by the day appointed: and for the removing of his house, he

--n!

ri'-

1 Johu W.-irham receives liltlr- v.otka from Eliot and Allon, to \vliich, after
consu'tiijg their aiali'i7ii.ie5. I pro iuu« nothiug can be adde<l. Fuller, in liis
iL-ft.i- to Bratlfovd. .!uM. . ]i;;;o, i in<t. Coll. IIT. 74, mentions hh colloquy on
religion -with the }iooplv 01 Dorche-t.-r, till he rvas irearj. •' rvTr. Warliani hold-,
that the visible chuirh iv.ay consist of a mixed peoi)le, — frodlv and openly un-
godly; upon wh;:'h po'nt wo had all our confe.rerce, to which, I trust, the Lord
■wilt give ,c LL-s.-ing.'" 'J'his is sullicifuf, even thoii;jli not reported, perhaps,
with adecpiatc prceislou, to satisfy us, that this geiitlcnian's <;pinioris were le-s
strict thau those of the Tliuiouth colonists. From Mathei's 18th chapter of tlio
3d book of tlie ^rairn;<.l;;', devoted to AVarham, it would not be easy to learn
more of him, than t),at lie preached witli notes, Avent to 'Windsor, Conn., and
v.'as of a mciauchuly temperament.

10^2. j JO fix WIXTIIROP. 99

alleged, that, seein? that the rest of the assistants went not
about to build, ind that his neighbours of Boston had been
discouraged from removing thither by Mr. Deputy himself, and
thereupon had (under all their hands) petitioned him, that (ac-
cording to the protnisc he made to them when they first sate
down with him at Boston, viz., that he would not remove, ex-
cept they went with him) he would not leave them ; — this was
the occasion that he removed his house. Upon these and other
speeches to this purj)ose, the ministers went apart for one hour;
then retiyning, they delivered their opinions, that the governour
•was in fault for removhig of his house so suddenly, with- ^^^
out conferring with the deputy and the rest of the assist-
ants ; hnt if the deputy were the occasion of discouraging Bos-
ton m^n from removing, it would excuse the governour a
l|t;int(., 11 bur not a || noioij. The governoiu, professing him-
self willing to submit his own opinion to the judgment of so
mrmy XKise and godly friends, acknowledged himself faulty.

After dinner, the deputy proceeded in his complaint, yet with
this protestation, that what he should charge the governour
with, wa.s in love, and out of his care of the public, and that
the things which he s'.iould produce were but for his own satis-
faction, and not by way of accusation. Then demanded he
of him the ground and limits of his authority, whecher by the
patent or otherwise. The governom^ answered, that he was
willing to stand to that which he propounded, and would chal-
lenge no greater authority than he might by the patent. The
deputy replied, that tlien he had no more authority than every
assistant, (except po .ver to call courts, and [j ^precedency, jj for
honor and order). The governour answered, lie had more; for
the patent, making him a governour, gave him whatsoever power
belonged to a governour by common law or the statutes, and
desired him to show wherein he had exceeded, etc. ; and speak-
ing this somewhat apprehensively, the deputy began to be in
passion, and told the governour, that if he were so round, he
Would be round too. The governour bad him be round, if he
v.'ould. So the deputy rose up in great fury and passion, and
tile governour grew very hot also, so as they both fell into
bitterness ; but, by mediation oi' ihc mediator-, they were
IJquantojj • "' ptantoll ppro--eedIngs|i

100 JOHN -WlNTHROr. [1632.

soon pacified. Then the deputy p'-oceeded to pariiculars, as
folloAvoth :

1st. By what authority the goverriour removed the ordnance
and erected a ibrt at Ijoston. — The governour answered, that
the ordnance lying upon the beach in danger of spoiling, and
having often compkuncd of it in the court, and nothing done,
with the help of divers of the assistants, they were mounted
upon their carriages, atid rcxiioved where they might be of some
use : and for the fort, it had been agreed, above a year before,
that it should be erected there: and all this was done without
any penny charge to the public.

2d. By what authoriiy he lent twenty-eight pounds of pow-
der to those of Plimouth. — Governour answered, it Y»as of his
own powder, and upon their urgent distress, their own powder
proving naught, when they were to send to the [j rescue [i of
their men at Sowamsett.

»g^ 3d. By what authority he had licensed Edward John-
son^ to sit down at Mcn-Imack. — Governour answered,
II rest jl

'*■ This person I presume to he the same, of ■p-hom mention vrill recur in
our ?eco!!d volume, September, 1 fit?., as one of the leaders of the expedition
against Gorton, for -which station he seems to be designated by his severe bigot-
ry. lie probably came in the fleet with ^Vinthrop, is enumerated with those
desiring to be made r-eem;-!!, 10 Oetober, IGoO, ond admitted in May tbilowing.
From the phrase, '• at Merrimack," in the text, we must not imagine, that a per-
manent settlement was made by Johnson ; for no such was made for some years,
and hi* residr-nf-e was Charlestown, probably in the upper part, wliich became
"Woburn iu n; 12. 1l i-; stnmge, ihat his name is ouiiited In LiioL's Dictionary,
am! that Allca has given but seven lines to the enthusiastic historian of " The
^Y■onde^-wl)rking Provid.^npe of Z ion's Saviour in Xew England." TIiIs work,
publi>lied in London, I*)")-!, had become very scarce, and was republished in 2
Hist. Cull. n. TIL IV. Yll. and Vm., the editor of tlils History supervising the
proof-sheets of that, and faithfully })reserving the exact reading of the original,
with mn^! ot its errors, in some instances furnishing a certain or conjectural
correction iu the margin. John?ou was one year speaker of the house of depu-
ties, as will be seen in another p.irt of this work, and his rejaitation Ma-' main-
tained by one, at least, of his sous, William, a sturdy sujiporter of the old char-
ter. Hubert, 11. C, HHr>, i~ also thought to be one, and to be alluded tu by his
fath'T, hi). IF. c. i:». as acMug iii the Snmmer islands. A guud account of this
pUgrim is furnislK-d by K.v. Mr. (. iiick.n-iug, iormurly minister of Woburn, ex-
tracted into 2 Hist. Coll. II. L»o, — aud a letter in the Columbian Ceutinel. Iw

163-2.] JOirX AriNTPIROP. 101

that he had licensed him ojily to go forth on trading, (a.-- he had
done divers othersj) as belonging to his place.

4th. By wh:it authority ho had given them of Watertown
leave to erect a wear upon Charles River, and had disposed of
lands to divers, etc. — Govcrnour answered, the people of Wa-
tertown, falling very short of corn the last year, for want of
fish,^ did complain, etc , and desired leave to erect a wear ; and
upon this the governour told them, that he could not give them
leave, but they must seek it of the court; but because it would
be long before the courts began again, and, if they deferred till
then, the season would be lost, he •wished them to do it, and
there was no doubt biit, being for so general a good, the court
would allow of it ; and, for his part, he would employ all his
power in the court, so as he should sink under it, if it were not
allowed ; and besides, those of E,oxbury had erected a wear
without anv license from tho court. And for lands, he had »o-
Ij disposed of none, |i otherwise ihan the deputy and other
of the assistants had douf^, — he had only given his consent,
ji^but|| referred them to the court, etc. But the deputy had
taken more upon him, in that, without order of court, he had
empaled, at Newtown, above one thousand acres, and had as-
signed lands to some there.

oth. By what authority h- had given license to Ratclitf and
Grey ^ (being banished meii) to stay within our limits. — Gov-
(j not disposed any |j [| - and ||

June, 1819, -wiiitcn by a doroci'.'lant in the pivtli nrenemtion, John Fannor,
Ks(j., and, with .-oine improv«?i.aent; t;ikcn into th« last volume of Lis liiscorlual
Collections. There are ?OLoe interesting; materials in the work of Johnson, that
can be found in no other place ; but the style is above or below criticism.

^ For manure. The husbandry, taught our fathers by the Indians, "v^hose
cfjutented indohnoe permitted them to seek no better comjwst, with materials
for which, especially marine prrasscs, t!ie shores and woods alx)unded, lasted,
I imagine, not much beyond tlteir exclusive devotion to the cultivation of
maize.

^ Of RatcliiV notliing need be added to the note on page 5»). The other
culprit was early obnoxious to censure. At the court, '2S September, 10."^", ho
wa,s ".-njoinoil, undi'r the penalty of £lO, to attend on the court in luM-son,
this day three weeks, to answer divers tlungs olyected against hun, and td re-
move himself nnt i^f the limits of tliis patent b.-fore the end of Man- h n^wt."
Ci.l. llec. I. oO. Ills disregard of the latter part of tliis order was, perhajis,
^f\*

JOS JOHN ^\1XTJIFvOP. MQ09

eraour answered, he did it by that authority, wliJeh was granted
him in court, viz., that, upon any sentence in criminal causes,
the governoLu- might, upon cause, stay the execution till Uie
next court. Now the cause was, that, being in the winter, they
must otherwise have perished.

6th. Why the fines wfre not levied. — Governour answered,
it belonged to the secretary and not to him: he never refused
to sign any that v/ere brought to him; nay, he had called
upon the secretary for it; yet he confessed,' that it was his
judgment, that it were not fit, in the infancy of a comm.on-
weahh, to be too strict in levying fines, though severe in other
punishments.

§7th. That when a cause had been voted by the rest of the
court, the governour would bring nev/ reasons, and move them
toaherthe sentence : — which the governour jtistihed, and all
approved §.

The deputy having made an end, the governour desh-ed the
mediators to consider, whether he had exceeded his authority
or not, and how httle cause the deputy had to charge him with
It; for if he had made some slips, in Uvo or three years' gov-
ernment, he ought ratlier to have covered them, seeing he could
not be charged that he had taken advantage of his'^authoritv
*S6 ^° oppress or wrong any man, or to benefit himself; but, for
want of a public stock, hnd disbursed all common charges
out of his own estate; whereas t[,e dej>utv would never lay ottt
one penny, etc.; and, besides, he could shew that under his
hand, that would convince him of a greater exceeding his au-
thori;y, than aU tliat tlie deputy coidd charge him with, viz.,
that whereas Binks and Johnson \vere bound in open court to
appear at next court to account to, etc., he had, out of court.

not the only caiL^e of the .cveHty of the sentence in October of the next vear,
that II.0.U.S Gray's house at .Abrble Harbour shall bo pulled down,' and
that no Englishman shall hereafter give house-room to Imn, or entertain Inn-.,
under such penalty a., the couit shall think meet to inlliet." Tl.p delay in e.e-
cutmg thi. intenlict, by th. governour, was the honotu-able occasion of Dtd-
lej s accusation of him. But the sentence remained, probablv, imperative : for,
60 long after as the court, 5 June, 1638, J fi„d the same fellow - cer..ured to b.>
severely whipped, and the former execution of banishment to be inllicted.
toi. I..0C. I. 225.

1G3:?.] .JOrrN^VJXTIiROP. 103

discharged them of their app(;!irunce. The deputy alls^^^ered,
that the party, lo Avhoin they \\ ere to accoani, came to him and
confessed that he ^vas satisfied, and that the parties were to j^-)
to Virginia; so he thought he might discharge them.

Thongffthe governour might justly have refused to answer
these seven articles, wherewith the deputy had charged him,
both for that he lad no hnowledge of tljem before, (the meet-
ing being only xot the deputy hi- personal grievances,) and also
for tliat the govcruoiu" was not to give account of his actions to
any but to the court ; yet, out of his desire of the public peace,
and to clear his reputation with those to whom the deputy had
accused liim, he was willing to give him satisfaction, to the end,
that he might free him of such jealousy as he had conceived,
that the governour intended to make himself popular, that he
might G'ain absolute power, aad brhig all Die a^si-iiants under
his subjection; vdiich was very improbable, sceliig the govern-
our had propounded in court to have an order esiablished for
limiting the govcrnottrs authority, and had himself drawn arti-
cles for that end, which had been approved and established by
the whole court; neither could ho justly be charged to have
transgressed any of them. So the meeting breaking up, with-
out any other conclitsion but the commendijig the success of it
by prayer to the Lord, the governour brought the deputy on-
v.-ard of his w;u', and every man went to his own home. § See
two po:T;es after §.

5.] The sachem, who was joiued with Canonicits, the great
sachem of Naragansett, called IMecumeh, after Miantonomoh,
being. ar lloston, vrhere [he] l:.;id lodged tAVo nights with his
sciuaw, and about twe've sanapps, lieing present at the sermon,
three of his sana})ps went, in the meantime, and brake into a
neighbour's house, etc. Complaiiit being made thereof to the
governour, after evening exercise, he told the sachem of it, and
with some dithculty caused him to make one of his sanapps to
heaiiiirm, and then sent them ottt of the town; but brought
the sachem and the rest of [the] company to his house, and
made nnich of them, (as he had done before,) w^hich he seemed
to bf well pleased with; but that e\ening he de})arted.

At :t court not long before, two of Chickatabolt's men #^,w
Were coi^vented and convicted for assaulting some Eng-

104 JOHN AVrN-TIIROP. [1039.

liph of T)orch'-?tor in their houses, etc. They were put in the

bilboes, and Chickatabot required to beat them, which he did.

[Large blank.]

The congregation of Boston and Charlestown {^egan the
rrccTing-liouse ai Boston, for which, and ]\Ir. ^yilson■s house
they had made a voluntary contribution of about one hundred
and twenty pounds.

[Rhmk.]

J 4.] Fair weather and small wind, and N. E. at Boston,
and, at the same ti^ne, such a tempe.^t of wind N. E. a little
wirhoiit the bay, as no boat could bear sail, and one had her
ma.-t borne by the board. So again, when there hath [been] a
very tempest at N. A^'. or W. in the bay, there hath been a
.stark calm one leygue or two off shore.

This summer was very wet and cold, (except now and then
a hot day or two,) which caused great store of musketoes and
rat.iie-sna],es. The corn, in the dry, sandy grounds, was much
bertcr ihrui other y<;ars, but in the H fatter |j grounds much
worsi^, ;i2id in Boston, etc., much shorn down close by the
gnuind Yviih worms.

T'ic V. hidraili was brought down to Boston, because, where
it stood nenr p New town, jj it would not grind but with a west-
erly wind.

j\[r. ||^01Jham|! h;al a small house near the wear at "Water-
town, made all of clapl)oard?, burnt down by making a fire in
if when it had no clumney.

T\\h: week they i;Miaf[;| in barley and oats, at Sagus, above
twenty acres good corn, and |j^sown|| with the plough.

Great store of eels and lobsters in the bay. Two or three
boys have brought in a bushel of great eels at a time, and sixty
great lobsters.

The Braintree- company, (which had begun to sit down at
lillaUtrjj Ij-Watcrtownjl frdhamjl || ' LirvesteJ |j || 5 strove jj

1 Ti'.if sciiton-x', in JifU'r<.nt ink, was probably written some time after tJie
preceding.

2 D^MivIng llicirnrme fvu.n a tov. n in ]•:^^ex, 40 jmles frotu Lomiou, -svhcrc
Mr. Ilouker was a preaolier. It wa.s, like ma;iy others, perpetuafed, by the
aflectiou of the settlers, in .Maisachusettd ; but, on a division of tlyi town, the

1032.] JOIDT WIXTIIPOP. 105

Mount Wollaston,) by order of court, removed to Newtown. *oo
These were Mr. Hooker's^ company.

The governour's wife was deb"vered of a son, who was bap-
tized by the name of William.- The governour himself held
the child to baptism, as others in the congregation did use.
William signifies a common man, etc.

SO.] Notice being given of ten sagamores and many In-
dians assembled at Muddy ^ River, the governour sent Capt.
|] Underhill.|l with twenty musketeers, to discover, etc. ; but at
Roxbury they heard they were broke up.

' September 4.] One Hopkins,* of Vratertov7ii, was convict
for selling a piece and pistol, with powder and shot, to James
Sagamore, for which he had sentence to be whipped and brand-
ed in the cheek. It was* discovered by an Indian, one of
James's men, upon j^romisc of roacealing him, (for otber^vise
he was sure to be killed). . .

[Large blank.]

. The ministers afterword, for an end of the difTerence between

l!C !l

part, first occupied, nearest tuc bay, in -whicli Mount Wollaston is inclutled, was
calIo<l Quincy. See note on page 43.

^ His coiijpany came before their pastor. Of Hooker enough will be found
in the Magnalia, in Holmes's History of Cambridge, 1 Hist. Coll. Yll. 38, in
TnunbuU's Connecticut, I. 2l'3, and in the biogi-apliical works of Eliot and
Allen, to ex'-use the editor from an\ farther research. He was bred at Eman-
uel Colkge. Cambridge, and had his degrees in 1G07 and 1611. ITie high es-
teem, in which he was held, will often appear In the progress of this work. A
line of j)ions, useful, and honorable descendants have embahned the in.nuory of
their ancestors; and, in a, for:uer a,uc, liis writiMg-, were valued with those of
the very first class of New England divines.

- Knowing nothing more oi' this son, I presume be died soon, as our Town
Registrv- dr.cs not even enrol his birth. The church record Is, '• William, son of
our brother John AVInthrop, governour, baptized 2G of 6, 16.S2."

* This place is now the village of Brookline, the most beautiful in Xt-w Eng-
lantl; f)i- a very minute account of which, see 2 Hist. Cull. H. 140.

* Notice of this misdemeanour, in Colony Recoitls, I. 9;>, concludes with a
suggestion, proving the correct estimate by our ancestors of the dangers of
fcuch trade with the Indians, though melanclioly experience showed the unprac-
ti'^aViilty of prevention: " Hereupon It was propounded, if this otlenoe should
not be punished hereafter by death, lleferred to the next court to be deter-
inioi'd." Of the ottender nothing more is diseu\crablc, than that his given
fuine was Kichard.

106 ' JOIIX WINTUF.OP. [bj'SQ,

the governour and deimty, ordered, that the governoiiv should
procure thoni a minister at Newtown, and contribute soniewhot
tow^ards his maintenance for a time; or, if he could not, by the
spring, etU-ct that, tliun to give the deputy, toward hi?; charges
in bnildinr;- th^-re, twcniy j^ounds. The goveniova- accepted
this order, and promised to perform it in one of the kind?.
But tlic deputy, having received one part of the order, returned
^^q the sarie to the governour, witii this reason to Mr. AVih
son, thai he was so well persuaded of the governour\s love
to him, and did prize it so nuich, as if |jthey|| had given him
one hundred pounds ijistead of twenty pounds, he would not
haye talcen it.

Notwivhstanding the heat of contention, which had been be-
tween t]ie governour find deputy^ yet tliey |1 -usually || met
about iheir atTairs, and that without any appearance of any
breach or di-contont; and ever after kept peace and good cor-
respondency together, in love and friendship.^

One .TenkinSjMate r-n inhabitant of Dorchester, ond now re-
moved to Cape Porpus, went with an Indian up into [the]
countr}- with store of goods to truck, and, being asleep in a
wig\vam ii^oflj one of Passaconamy's men, was killed in the
night by an Jndian, dwelling near the ISIohawks' country, who
fled a^^-ay with Ids gonds, but w^as fetched back by P;t,ssacona-
iny. TluTC was much suspicion, that the Indians had some
plot aga'ust t!ie P.ngli. b, both for that many Xaragansett men,
etc., gathered together, who, with those of these parts, pretend-
ed to niid e war upon tl.u: Ni'ipnett men, and divrv- i.nsolent
speeches were used by some of them, and they did not fre-
quent our liouses as they were wont, and one of their juiv.-awcs
told us, that there was a conspiracy to cut us off to get our
victuals and other substance. Upon This there was a camp
pitched at lk)ston in ihe nigiit, to exercise the soldiers against
lll'.e]! jj'- peaceably il fwithll

^ In a later hand tho last ounise appears; and it TN-as, perhaps, iiilr.xluc«:u af-
ter the family iiiiiou between t'le respective cJiildren.

- Perhaps the settlome'it of that portion of the coast of !Maine, which is now
la tli., town of Arundel, would not be known to have, Itcen made so early, v.ith-
out thio sentence of our text. Nothin;,' more of Jenkins is known to nie, than
here inserted, of the manner of hU death.

loS-i.j • JOIDI T\1NTimor. 107

need might be ; and Capt. Undcrliill (to try bow lliey would
l)ehave themselves) caused an alarm to be given upon the quar-
texs, which discovered the weakness of our people, wlio, Uke
men amazed, knew not how to behave themselves, so as the
officers could not draw them into any order. All ihf; rest of
the plantations took the alarm and answered it; but it caused
much fear and distraction among the common sort, so as some,
which knew of it before, yet through fear had forgotten, and
believed the Indians had been upon us. We doubled our
guards, and kept watch each day and niglit.

14.] The rumour still increasing, the three next sngamores
were sent for, who came presently to the govern our.

16, being the Lord's day.j In the evening Mr. Peirce, #qq
in th^' ship Lyon, arrived, and came to an anchor l>^\foT-^
Boston. He brougi^t one hundred and tAventy-iliree jjassea-
gers, vohercof fifty children, all in health; and Ijlostjj not one
person by the way, save his carpenter, who fell overboard as he
was caulking a port.^ Tbey had been tvrtlve weeks aboard,
and eight weeks from the Ijand's End. He had five days east
wind and thick fog, so as he was forced to come, all that time,
by the lead; and the first land he made was Cape Ann.

22.] The Barnstable ship went out at ||-Pullen|[ Point to
Marble Harbour.

27.] A day of thanksgiviiig at Boston for the good news of
the prosperous success of the king of Sweden, etc., and for the
safe arrival of the last ship and all the passengers, etc.

Oelobrr JS.] Ca};[. Cumock,- and one Mr. God fry, a mer-
Ijleftlj ■ II -^Helen's II

^ Nanu'S of several of tliose persoas, of ■nliom some Lecarue the chief men in
Connecticut, may be seen in -1 itass. Hist. Coll. I. 94.

^ Hubbard, 21 1], was sliglitly mistaken in saying, tbat Cammock came not " to
New Kngland till about the year 1G33 ;" and as he, v.-ith Henry Jossciyn, Belk.
N. II. I. 21, -vvas appointed attorney, in a deed of 3 Xovember, 1G31, to give
lH3s«cs>ion to Sir F. Gorges and other grantees of the president and council of
New England, I conclude, tluit he had either settled before at Piscataqna, or a
lilth; to the eastward, or av.%s at that time prryecting the expedition, which he
tii'idc in tlie tbllowing £p;ing. Sullivan, iu his History of Maine, TJ.S, says, tJiat
'^the eouucU of Pllmouth, in the year U;20, gi-anted to Thomas Cammock, five
thousand acres in Black Point, now in Scarborough, -which are held on the cast;

103 JOHN ^nXTHKOP. M 530

*gjL chant,! cainc Ii-om Pascataqiiack in Captain Neal his pin-
nace, and brought sixteen hogsheads of corn to the mill.
They went away November [blank].

2-5.] The governoiir, with iNIr. Wilson, pastor of Boston,
and the two captains, etc., went aboard the I.yon, and from'

side of that town, im.ler the title of that grant, at this .lay. Canunock was the
nephew of the Earl of ^Varwick, and came over in 166.1, and died at Scarbor-
ough." Perhaps this was designed to show the first voyage, and, if so, the error
arose from inadrertciitly taking the date of John Josselyn's secc^id xoysge for
the first, in 1C38, in which this genfleman, p:i^e 10, informs us, that Cammock,
whom he calls ^' a near kinsman of the earl," was his fellow passenger. But it
is plain enough, from the text, that he was hero long before. He died, on a
voyage to the West Indies, in 1663, and Henry Jossel^-n married his ^dow,
]Margarot.

1 Etlward Godfrey was very honorably intrusted bv Masoii and ;his joint ad-
venturers, a.s appears hy a letter of 5 December, 1632, preserved in Belknap's
K H., I. AppentUx iii. In the charter from Sir F. Gorges, for incorporation of
Agamcuticus, or Aeoiucuticus, 10 April, 16.11, in Haz. I. 4 72, he is named first
of tlie aldermen. He became govemour of the province of Maine before
ICc.l ; but was compi'liod, the following year, to submit, witli the other inhabi-
t-ints of that quarter of the country, to the government of Massachusetts, whose
commissioners appointed him, with three others, to hold county courts. Haz. I.
564-577.^ Yet, in ICr.S, his hopes of independence seem to have revlred : for,
in Hutchinson's ColL.314, we find a petition from York, Kittery, Wells, etc., to
his highness, the lord protector, against his design; and from the document next
in that collection, a letter from Leverett to tlie government of .Massachusetts, it
seems, that Godfrey was the most active or most powerful of the discontented.
That petition of the lo>/al inhabitants was a strange libel on their country, rep-
resenting the parts en-tward. ^vLi.h are now tbiimi to be much rlic best, as -un-
inhabit^ible, srerlL. laiHl.:, s vamp, aud ro-ky monntaius, as not more than a few
shi-cds are left by the sea shore fit lor cohabitation." Any good or evil conse-
quences at that time were prevented by the decease of the great protector.
But though the complaints were renewed after die restoration, (see Leverett's
letter of 13th September, 1C60, in Hutchinson's CoU. 322,) and thus alforded a
pretext for the tempomiy s.'paration chrected by the royal commissioners some
years after, I know not that any benefit was obtained by Godfrey. He is, per-
haps, the gentlenum refi>rrcd to in the Narrative, Hutchinson's Coll. 423, "wh.o
refused to submit to the Massachusetts, and suffered great loss by them, showed
the commissioners a warrant tlie Massachusetts made to have him brought to
Boston, alive or dead, and now demands justice against them."

The error of Brince, H. 70. who, transcribing this passage from our au-
thor, gives Vcse?/ instead of Crodfrcy, m'i=^^ render cautioural! decypherers
of ancient proper names, in which 1 have often faUen, for a time, into as '-reat
mi:itake3. °

1(532.] JOHN WI^TTHROP. 109

thence Mr. Peirce carried them iii his shallop to AVessaguscus.
The next morning Mr. Peirce reinxned to his shij), and the gov-
ornour and his company went on foot to Piimouth, and came
thither within the evening. The governonr of Piimouth, Mr.
AYilliam Bradford, (a very discreet and grave man.) with Mr.
IJrewstcr/ the cider, and some otliers, came forth and met them
without the town, and conducted them to the governour's
house, where they were very kindly entertained, and feasted
every day at several houses. On the Lord's day there was a
sacrament, which they did partake in ; and, in the afternoon,
Mr. Roger Williams (according to their custom) propounded a
question, to which the pastor, Mr. Snuth,- spake briefly ; then
Mr. Williams prophesied ; and after the governoiu* of ^q.-,
Piimouth spake to the question ; after him the elder ; then
some two or three m.ore of the congregation. Then the elder
desired the governour of Massachusetts and IMr. Wilson to
speak to it, which they did. V.lien this was ended, the dea-

^lLv>uuldbe presumptioi, AvItLout hone, for me to attempt any memoir of
YAder William Brcvs'ter, after the elaborate account in Belknap's American
Biography, IT. 252. Yet far higher value belongs to the recent researches of
Kev. Joseph Hunter; asexliibitod in 4 Ma.-=s!. Hist. Coll. I. 64-72. Brewster may
well be thought the earliest la} man of prominent service among the Puritans.

- In the governour and company's letter to Endeeott, 1629, is contained tl'.e
earliest notice of the Kev. Ralph Smith, " liis diliercnce in judgment in some
things from our ministers" being therein referred to as a caution ag-ainsfc distrac-
tion in the Salem church. Haz. I. 260. His stay at that place, however, was
ver)- short; for we learn from Bradford, in Prince, I. 188, that lie went to Nan-
tasket, where he was found Uving " in a poor Lonse, that would not keep hiin
dry," and desired a bettor residence. Being carried to Piimouth, he became
their minister for several years. In Morton, I discern liis name only twice, and
then with no epithets of reverence or circumstance of Importance, except that
of making, in 1G38, complaint against Gorton; thus being the earliest of the
numerous adversaries of the unhappy sectarian. But the History of Piimouth
Church, 1 Hist. Coll. lY. 108, written, indeed, so lately as 1760, Informs of his
rcMgnation of office in 16Sd, at the request of some of the flock, and partly of
l;Ls own accord; and therefore I infer, that the controversy mth Gorton arose
not fn.m his station. In that tract Smith Is called " a man of low gift.^ and
parts." How long he continued to reside, where he was so lightly esteemed,
i3 not certainly known; but the latter p.irt of this History, 1645, tells, tiiat the
{>toj)Ie of [Manchester, not then formed Into a cburcb body, had employed him
''* preach to them. Xcither Eliot nor Allen have given him a place lu their
dictionaries. Young, Chron. of Mass. 151. .,..,-

VOL. I. 10

110 JOHN WIXTTIROP. [1630^

con, "Mr. Fuller,^ put thp congrpgatioii in mind of their duty of
contribution; whereupon the governour and all the rest went
down to the deacon's seat, and pat into the box, and then re-
turned.

27.] The wind N. W., JMr. Peirce set sail for Virginia.^
31, being Wednesday.] About five in the morning the gov-
ernour and his company came out of Plimouth ; the governour
of Plimouth, with the pastor and elder, etc., accompanying
them near half a mile ont of town in the dark. The Lieut,
Holmes,^ Y^-ith two others, and the governour's |j mare, j] ■* came
along with them to the great swamp, about ten miles. "W^ien
they came to the gi-eat river,^ they were carried over by one
Luddam,^ their guide, (as they had been when they came, the
stream being very strong, and up to the crotch ;) so the govern-
our called that ])assage Liiddam's Foid. Thence they came to
a place called Hue's ' Cross. The governour, being displeased
I! "^1* !i

1 Samuf 1 Fuller was .1 geutlemau liigli in esteem at Plimouth. He La-1 been
chosen to his oiTice in Holland, •svlth Gov. Carver, -whom he aocompauied in the
first ship. He is duly honored by Eliot, though his article should have been
enlargi.'d, from ^Morton's ^Memorial, with the date of his death, 1G33. Young,
Chron. of the Pilgr. •2-22.

- In this Voyage he v.a.s wrecked, six days after, ontside of the capes of Yir-
ginui. See a good letter from him to his friends at Phinoulli. in Prince's an-
ual*, 428 of Ha'.e's Edition. Hii ship v.-as the Lion.

^ After the notice of Holmes, by Judge Davis, in his edition of the New
England Memorial, nothing should bo expected here to extend the reader's ac-
quaintance vrith him.

* Winthrop had gone to Piuuouth, on foot, from Wessaguscus, as his narra-
tive just before showed. His friend, the governour of the elder colony, seut
him back ^vittf his own horso. I have no doubt of the MS., though the former
edition had man.

^ Now called North River, — a stream rendered important by the great ni;ni-
berof ships Inillt upon its banks. See the copious account of Scituate, 2 Hict-
CoU. IV. 227.

* I have not learned any thiug of this man, nor been able even to ascertain
precisely where the fording place was.

" Hue could hardly ha\e been of much consequence in tlio governour's opin-
ion, and we can scarcely justify his displeasure at the ti-ille. Anticipation of s-3
great an eiupire as grew in t^vo hundred years from their planting, could not
consist with the fear, tiiat I apists might say thei}- religion was tirst settled hen ■
By the antiquary of Plimouth we are told of '• Hewes' CrOss Brook," and tluit

]n:3v.] JOHN' WINTHEOP. HI

nt the name, in re?noct that such ihlns'-^ might liereafter *pg
give the Papists occasion to say, thai their religion was
first planted in these parts, changed the name, and called it
Hue's Folly. So they came, that evening, to Wessaguscus,^
where they were bountifully entertained, as before, with store
of turkeys, geese, dueks, etc., and the next day came safe to
Boston.

About this time Mr. Dudley, his house, at \\ Newtown, |1 was
preserved from burning down, and all his family from being
destroyed by gunpowder, by a marvellous deliverance; — the
hearth of the hall chinmey burning all night upon a priiicipai
§bcam,§ and store of powder being near, and not discovered
till they arose in the morning, and then it began to flame out.

Mr. John Eliot, a member of Boston congregation, and one
whom the |j ^congregation jj in'' ended pn'sently to call to the
office of teacher, \\'as called to be a ieaclier to the j! ^church ]J
atlloxbury; and though Boston laboured all they could, both
with llie congregation of lloxbury and with Mr. Eliot himself,
alleging theLr want of him, and the covenant between them,
etc., yet he could not be diverted from accepting the call of
Roxbury, November 5. So he was dismissed.

IJWatertowiilj ||- company! p company jl

Jolm Ilewes was one of tlio first settlers of Seituate. 2 Tlist. Coll. IV. 303.
The act of jurisdictioa by "Wiuthrop, in thus changing a name wltliin the liinita
of another colony, was a slight usurpation.

^ Till- «cttloni -uts of tliii ].ui''e are mtntionc], in orJur of tinio, on j^nge 43.
In IG-Jl, "?oine arl iitioii to the few inhalitants of Wessuguscui!, froiu "^Voy-
raoi-th in England," is given by Prince, I. 150 ; but his authority being only
manuscrl}!t letters, written, perhaps, more than a hundred years later, and prob-
ably cniWlying idle traditions, I am not dl.-^posod to give much credit to them,
espcciallv as the contemporary. Gov. Bradford, remarks with emphasis, ib. lit,
that the fcconil plantation camci to an end in the spring of that very year. Be-
sides, the exijulsite diligence of the Annalist found no opportunity even to
name the spot again before the year 1028. p. 176. Then the ill conduct of
ilorton and his flan rendered necessary the interference of " the chief of the
straggling plantations from Pis<?atoway, Naumkeag, ^V'iuIs^alet, AVesaguscusset,
^«at,•^^co, and ether places." This was the celebrated and efllcieut expedition of
Standisli. Prince's authority for this is the -nine clilef of Piimouth, whose in-
*'>i-:aation is always most, minute and satistin; to ry. Perhaps, in 1627, some set-
tlers had reoeeupied the va<"aut fields. .-..« ;.-s.' j.

112 JOnX "WTN-THROP. [1G32.

About a fortnight before this, those of Charlestown, who had

loimcvly been joined to Eo^toji congi'egafion, now, in regard of

1he difficulty of passage in tlie winter, and having opportunity

,Q, of a pastor, one Mr. James,^ who came over at this time,

were dismissed from the con_gi*egation of Boston.^

1 He remained at Charlesto'^'n little over tliree years, as, in the progress of
ti'.is IIistor\-, -.vill bo i-en. Thence he removed to New Haven, where he
resided some years, except while engaged on a nussion, in 1G42 and 3, to Yir-
frinia; and Eliot ha? erroneously related, that at New Haven he finished the
remainder of his days. Hubbard, 191, says, James "retunied back to Eng-
land, where he was accepted as a taithfal minister of the gospel, and continued
in that work till the year 1678, at N'.'edbam, In Suffolk, which was about the
eighty-sixth year of his age, and may yet he li\-ing." I am the more disposed
to value highly this Oi-Iginal information of Hubbard, as it is of so very rare
occurrence. Prince. IT. 77, i? still more fidl than the contemporary historian
His son, of the same name, by the accounts of the commissioners of the United
Colonies, seems to have been in their emploj-ment as a teacher of the Indians
on Long Island, until 1CG5 ; and he is No. 10 of the second classis of the !Mag-
nal'a. Mather, with his habitual carelessness, sinks the name of baptism of
both. Allen omits the name of Thomas James.

- Ju the books of our divines, the order of time, in which the churches of
Massachusetts were gathered, has often l)een noticed ; but It will be found, that
they hive, In gen'^ral, deferred too easily to the authority of Johnson's WoT.Jer-
workiiig Providence. That writer did not, probably, mean lo be precise on
this point; or, if ho did, is entitled to little regard. Holmes, in his Histoiy of
Cambridge, 1 Hist. Coll. VII. 15, follows the general current; and, though he
nuide a partial correction, 1 Hist. Coll. X. 314, he only increases the injustice
on Johnson's authority. The sl.v; churches next after Salem, he assigns to 1631,
•when 7(0/ o?ie was gathered that year. Half were in 16.j0, and half in 1632.
"With reference to Boston, he mr.ilc ;•-;• v'<, iiuict-d, in An^.a!.^, I. 2G7, by strj;-
gcsling, what nobody can fiil ro aLipii-.^T iu, t!i;it nuj- cliurch mo)/ be conr-id-
ored as translated in its organized state frum Charlestown ; though his expres-
sions, compared with those of page 2G2, where he enumerates only six, instead
of seven, show his timidity. Still his injustice to Watertown remains unex-
platcd. The scrupulous attention of this most diligent annalist would have pro-
tected him from my humble animadversion, in a particular of so slight impor-
tance, did he not receive encouragement from companions of the highest charac-
ter. Judge Davis, in the beautiful addre.-,3 on the anniversary of the Plimoutb
forefathers" landing, 22 December, 1813, Avith which the first volume of 2 Hi-t.
Coll. ajiproprlately commences, has, page be, injuriously postponed Watertown
to Koxbuiy and Lynn. In his note F. a severe observer will, indeed, find rea-
son to presume, that the author's judgment would give Watertown priority over
those churrhcs, notwith.-^tanding the rank of Johnson. Th;i body of that note,
however, is occupied with disputing the claim of Watertown to stand second

^(332.1 J<^>"^' WlNTimOP. ]J.3

The congregation of Watertown discliorged their elder, ,g-
Richard Lrown, of lus oiluc, for his uufilue.ss in regard of

only to Salein. Eliot, in liis invaluable essays nn om- ecclesiastical liistory, 1
Hist. Coll. X. 2G, obeys, a<rainst his owti knowledge, the direction of ^Vonder-
vforking Providence ; and Harris's History of Dorchester betrajs the riyht to
the second honor for that chnreh. The Century Sermon of the late Dr. Ken-
dall, in a note on pages '20, 21, irrcfistibly draws ine to his opinion, by Avhich
Watertown is determined to a rank equal with Boston. "July 30, 1C30, at
"Watertowu, forty men subscribed a church covenant." Now, there can be no
evidence, that any others, but Salem and Dorchester, preceded; though the
right of "WiL^on's (Boston) church to date from the same day is e^tabh^hed by
Jud'T-e Da%is's argument from the contemporaneous narrative of Bi-adtbrd, in
Prince, I. '24 -j. 'We cannot doubt the precedence of Dorchester, and its claim
to be reckoned b June, 1630, because, when the first court of assistants, 23
August, provided " how the ministers shall be maintained," and uiade a com-
U'un charge oa the co'.ouy for Wilson's (Boston) nud liiillip's (Warerio-.vn^) sd-
aries. Mattapau and Salem w^re exrepted. Tins, from the -Eecords of Massa-
chusetts, I'riuce, I. 24 7, must satisfy every one, that the former was considerad
In a church state no less than the latter. Our Dorchester settlers had an em-
bcwlied church, we know, when they left home in Marc^i, and undoubtedly had
reo-ular ordinances with their two ministers after arrival in JIassachusetts, in
June. Prince, I. 200. Whether Koxbury, or Lynn, which come in the third
year, have records to show which may certainly claim priority, is unknown,
I>robably, to tliemsclves. Books cannot assist us in determining. See Prince,
II. 64, GS, and .Tolmson, lib. I. c. 21, 22.

A strange oblJ<paity of JTidguient has applied the f;'ct3 in our text to sustain
the precedency of Charlestown to Boston church. The pastor and the flock,
rather than the i>lace of their assembly, ought surely to entitle any society of
worshippers to be thought the same, and not another. Even if exclusive regard
be paid to place, the church of Cliarlestown loses more than it can gain ; for,
ia Septembtr, 1030, the grciicr part o*" the co-^n-gation lived on this side of
the river; and in that month, for the last time, the court of assistants met at
Charlestown. There the body of tiie church remained, therefore, less than
three months. The woi-ship, afterwards, was always here ; yet, for twcnt} -five
months more, there was but one church of worshippers from both sides. The
Hi.-itory always calls this*congregation, — a word, which, unless plainly used as
a distinction from those in more intiniate brotherhood, must always be under-
stood by the reader as signers of the church covenant, — the congregation of
Boston. The dismission of :\Ir. James, and the thirty-two other bretiiren, httle
more than one fourth of the whole, is from Boston to Charlestovs-n. AVe have
every light on this subject, that Prince enjoyed, aTid arc fully justifud in l'>nn-
ing a ditierent conclusion from his, if his, which is doubtful, be adver-e t" tins
nowexpressvd. If reference be made to custom or common law, the identity
of a bo<.ly corjxjnite, ILke each of our churches, must bo shown by ifs records.

10*

114

jom; inNTHROP.

[1632.

,f,p hir^ passion and ilistemper in speech, having been oft ad-
monished and declared his repentance for it.

21.] The governour received a letter from Capt. Neal, that
II Dixy 11 Bull^ and fifteen more of the English, who kept
about the east, were turned pirates, and had taken divers boats,
and rilled Pemaquid, etc., — 23. Hereupon the governour call-
ed a council, and it was agreed to send his bark with twenty
men, to join %vith those of Pascat;; quack, for the taking of the
said [)i rates.

22.] A fast was held by the congregation of Boston, and
Mr. Wilson (formerly their teacher) was chosen pastor, and
[blank] Oliver- a ruling elder, and botli were ordained by

IID.II

Tl'.is fvidf-nne if, of oonr-c in favor of Boston. In future days, I persuade my-
self, a fonirary opinion will ?eem as strange, as the assertion in the Kistorical
Sketch of Charlesrown, 2 Hi^t. Coll. II. 1C4, tliat Winthrop and Lis company
came in 1029.

To conclude this h-ng nntc, I scliclt indulgence for the following anangement of
the early cliurches of Ma-^acljii^etts proper, -which to me appears most probable:

'j I. Salem, 16-29, r, August.

II. Dorchestt^r, lii:!'.', June.
III. rBosion, ) .^..,-, „,. -r ,

I\ . I ^Vate^to'wn, \ '

V. \ RoKhury, lCv.',-2, July.
VI. "(^ Lynn, I6a-J.
YII. C'harlestown. in.,-2, 2 Xov.
Camlridce. Itj^-i, 11 Oct.

VJII.
IX.
X.

XI.

XIT.
XI ! I.
XIV.

XV.

I|..--(vich. 16:51.
Xe-svbury, lG:]i>.
"W'cymoutli, lGo'>, .Inly,
lilngham, u;:j.j, S j^ti ;r
( f:!icord, lb:'tG, :> -hily.
Dcdham, 1658, 8 Xov.
Quincy, 1(3:VJ, 17 ti>^i)t.

XVI. Rowley, 1639, S Dec.

XVn. Sallibur^-.

XVIII. Sudbury, 1640, August

XTX. Gloucester, 16r2.

XX. AVoburn, 1(:;42, 14 August.

XXI. Hull, 1644. July.

XXII. AVonham, 1 'Ui , 8 October.

N->.'i\- ^ \ 1 - lo4.-j, Oct

XX I \ . [ Ar.dover, ) '

XXV. Reading, 164r>, 5 Xov.

XXVI. Springfield, 161.5.

XXVIT. ^ianchester.

X.WIIT. :Malden.

XXIX. Boston, 2d, 1650, 5 June.

1 Of this miserable fdlon-, it cannot be expected, that any niemoirs should
remain. It seems probable, that the loss of bis shallop and goods, reported, iu
June preceding, to be taken by the French, may have led him and his compan-
ions to this renunciation of the friendship of the rest of the settlements on the
coast. They seem to have conmiitted no outrages. Capt Clap, ii> Frince, 11.
91, gives the largest account of their operations, and concludes, "Bui" got into
'England; but God destroyed this -wretched man."

^ Thomas Ohver, -whose name occurs several times in the course of this His-
tory, -wa^ undoubtedly an estimable and useful man ; but littic is knnv»u of him.
He canu-, ia tlie "Williav/i aril I>ancis, -wit'a iiis family. Reverence for his elder-
•ehip, probably, kept him fi'Oiu uilier servicer, either otlered by his to-svnsmen, or

1G3-2.] JOHN WINTIJROP. ^ 115

imposition of hands, first by the teacher, and [j the jj two ,^^r^
deacons, (in the name of the congregation,) upon the elder,
and then by the elder and the deacons upon the pastor.

IVceniber 4.] At a meeting of all the assistants, it was
agreed, in regard that the extrendty of the j|-snowi| and frost
had hindeied the making ready of the bark, and that they had
certain intelligence, that those of Pascataqaack had sent out
two pinnae.^3 and two shallops, above a fortnight before, to de-
fer any further expedition against the pirates till they heard
what was done by those ; and for that end it was agi'eed, to
send presently a shallo}) to Pascataquack to learn jj^more, jj etc.

0.] Accordijigly, the governour despatched away John Gal-
loppi with his shallop. The wind being very great at S.
W., he could reach no farther than Cape Ann harbour that
ijtl.enj! i;- season I! jj^newsj!

souglit by Lis ovra ambition ; but he was sevcra] years one of tbe selectmen.
He died in the. latter part of 1C57, I conclade, from finding his ml\ proved, 27
January following, in our Ecgl^try, J. 300. She died in 1635. His son, John,
jr. C, 1G4/., is honorably mentioned in a later part of this work. His son, Pe-
ter, v,as fatiier of Nathaniel, boru 8 iMarcli, 1651, of whom the first newspaper
printed in North America, the Boston Newsleiter, 24, Api-il, 170-1, has this no-
tice: '-M.-. Nathaniel Oliver, a principal merchant of this place, died April 15,
and was decently interred April 18, setatis 53." The same son, one of the
chief founders of Boston Third Church, was also father of the Hon. Daniel
Oliver, who diod 1732. Of him and the sons, Andrew, lieutenant governour,
and Teter, chief justice, di.-fiTigui^hed in the political liistory of the province of
Massachusetts Bay, as well as others of the name, full biographies are given by
Eliot. They rre written with, an honorable iniriartiality, for the want of wliich,
inaswu of ih,j ..-uief ju-ti:*-, to vrhorn aj^plifalion was made by a sou of the
biograjjher, for leave to copy a small part of his transcript of Hubbard's His-
tory, hberal minds will make large "estimate of the evils of rancorous remem-
brance incident to civil conflicts. See 2 Hist. Coll. IH. 288. But the denial
was of no detriment to any other than the po?>essor; for every carotul student
of Hubbard would easily jjart with half that we have.

*■ ^ ^Icnti'.ui is often made of this person, who was a fisherman well acquainted
with our harl)our, in which an island peiijctuates his name. He was achnitted
of the church 5 January, 1633-4. His will, Prob. Pec. I. 292, made 20 De-
cember, IG-iO, proved 9 Feljruary following, signed with a cross, was made,
probably, in his last hours. In it he gives forty shillings towards building the
new meeting-house, wliich was that for the Seooud Church. His son, John,
•WMs a captain in the great Narragansct battle, 19 December, 1G75, and slain at,
the head of his company. " . ..

116 , JOHX -VTrXTHPtOP. [1632.

night; an<l the winds blowing northerly, he was kept tbt;re so
long, that it was January the 2d before he returned.

By letters from Cap^. Neal and Mr. Hilton,^ etc., it was cer-
«qo titled, that they had sent out all the forces they could make
against the pirates, viz., four pinnaces and shallops, and
about forty men, who, coming to Pemaquid, were there wind-
bound about tiiree weeks.

It was further advertised, by some who came from Penob-
scott, that the pirates had lost one of their chief men by a mus-
ket shot from Pemaquid; and that there remained but fifteen,
whereof four or five were detained against their \%-ili3 ; and that
they had been at some English plantations, and taken nothing
from them but what they paid for; and that they had given
another pinnace in exchange for that of Mj. Maverick, and as
much beaver and otter as it was Avorth more, eic. ; &nd tlmt
they had made a law .against excessive drinking; and that
their order was, at such times as other ships use to liave prayer,

1 Eflvrard Hilroii ami !u> brother William, with a few others, sent hj Gorges
and Mason, were the first planters of New Hampshire in 1623. See Hubbard,
214. The name of Edward, Avho was a gentleman of good judgment, is often
found in our History ; and in 1611, when ^lassachusetts usurped the jurisdic-
tion of the colony of New Hampshire, he became a magistrate. William had
vLsited New I'Limouth, before settling on the Piseataqua, as appears by a letter
from him, Haz. I. 12<i, extracted from "New England's Trials," published, in
1G2?., by the celebrated eT^hu Smith. The note of Hazard, that the ressel,
which carried this letter, left New England the beginning of April, 10 21, is not
given with his usual accuracy. The ^laydower, in which came the first com-
pany of one; huadi-i.-d, am.jiig •■.h .n . ,.r, iio* Hill', ri, was th':- only vc;-c!, I'rince,
I. lUl; that could leave Pluuouth in Apr!!, 1621. Oa recurring to the original
authority of Hazard, Purchis'? Pilgrims, lib. X. c. 3, page 1840 of vol. IV.
compared with Prin^o, I. 114, I find the Fortune arrived at Plimouth In No-
vember, 1621. William Hilton was, therefore, a passenger in her, with the
venerable Cushnian, and by her. in Hecember of the same year, was his epistle
returned. Descendants oi' one, or both, of these brothers, are found in New
Hampshire, of whom one, Winthrnp, a distinguished officer in the Indian and
French wars, was killed by the siivagt-s near his own home, 23 Jure, 1710.
Some genealogical account of the famihes may be seen in Alden's Collection of
Epitaphs, H. 131. One, a grandchild of the above named Winthrop, died in
March, 1822, in poi-ession of part of the unalienated estate of two centuries.
Gov. Joseph Dudley calls the grandfather his dear kins7t}an, and it is agreeable
to fuid the adoption by this family of a name of baptism from the father of
Massachusetts. It is still borne by a gentleman of Newmarket.

1632.] JOHN' WINTHPOr. 117

they would a--jsemble ivpoii ihe deck, and one sing a song, or
speak a le\r tenseless sentences, etc. They also sent a wriring,
durected to all the governoms, signifying theii intent not to do
harm to any more of their countrymen, but to go to the south-
ward, and to advise them not to send against them ; for they
were resolved to || sink || themselves rather than be taken : Sign-
ed underneath. Fortune le garde, and no |j-name|| to it,

January 1.] jMr. Edward Winslow chosen govcrnour of
Piimouth, JNIr. Bradford having been governour about ten years,
and now by importunity gat off.^

9.] Mr. Oliver, a right godly man, and elder of the church
of Boston, having three or four of his sons, all very young,
cutting down wood upon the ||^neck, |[ one of them, being
about fifteen years old, had his brains beaten out with the faU
of a tree, winch he had felJed. The good old father (liaving
the news of it in as fearful a manner a? might be, by aiiOther
boy, his brother) called his wife (being also a very godiv wo-
man) and went to prayer, and bare it with much patience and
honor.

17.] The. governour, having intelligence from the east, that
the French had bought the vScottish plantation ^ near Cape Sa-
ble, and that the fort and all the ammunition were deliver- ^qq
ed to them, and that the cardinal, having the managing
thereof, had sent some companies already, and preparation was
made to send many m.ore \hr next year, and divers priests and
Jesuits among them, — called the assistants to Boston, and the
minister? and captains, and some oth'>r chief men, t" advise
V'iiufcwas fit lO be done for ,>m safety, in regard the French
Il--trikei| H-morei! Proc-ks||

^ From Prince, II. 75, we learn, that the people of riiniouth this year
enacted, "that whoever refuses the office of governour shall pay £20, unless
he was chose two years going." A proportional peiuilt}- v.as laid on any re-
fusing to bo a counsellor. This severity has become unnecessary for such high
olHces, though it is fo-.nd useful to provide simLktr fines for declining <abor<ii-
riate ones.

''"We presume thi:- to mean the plantation, fur which Sir William Alexan-
der had patents frwn James I. nnd Charies I. 10 September, 1C21, and 12
July, 1625, soon after ceded to iho French. The seitlemeat was at Port
^yal. . . ....... . ^ .

118 JOHN \YIXTniiOP. Mg3r,

were like io prove ill neighbonrs (being Papists;) at whicli
meeting it was agreed, that a plantation and a fort should forth-
with b- begnn at Xatascott, partly to be || some [| block in an
enemy's way, (thoi.gji it could not bar |i-"his|| entrance,) and
especially to prevent an enemy from taking that ]ias3age from
us; and also, that the fort begun at Boston should be finished;
— also, that a plantation should be begun at Agawam, (being
the best place in thr. land foi' tiHage and cattle,) least an enern}^
findiiig it void, should possess and take it from us. The gov-
ernours son (being one of the assistants) was to undertake
this, and to take no more out of the bay than twelve men ; the
rest to be supplied at the coming of the next ships.

A --'-^ servant of Mr. Skelton of Salem, going towards Sa-
gus, was lost seven days, and at lengfh came home to Salem.
All that time she was in the woods, having no kind of food,
the snow being very deep, and as cold as at any time that win-
ter. She v.-as so frozen into ihv snow some mornings, as she
was oiie liour before she could get up ; yet she soon recovered
and d;d Wfl!, througli tfic Lord's wonderful providence.
[Large blank.]
About the beginning of this month of January the pinnaces,
which went after the pirates, returned, the cold being so great
as they could not pursue them ; but, in their return, they h^ang-
ed up at Riehman':. Isle an Indian, one Black Wi]i,'one of
those who h::d there murdered^ \Yalter Bagnall. Three of the
pirates' company ran from them and came home.
l.j'^>aiu'e. bkii'v.]
February 21.] The governotir and fotu- of the assistants,
with three of the ministers', and others, about t^ventv-six in all,
went, in three boats, to view Natascott, the wind W., fair
weather ; but the wind arose at X. "W. so strong, and extreme
cold, that they were kept there two nights, being forced to lodi^-e
upon the ground, in an open cottage, upon a ^little old straw,
^^fo"*-^'!! li' their il

1 That murder was inoutioncd under date of October, 1G31, pa^e €2, a year
and a quarter bo!;:)ro. Ti.r pr.. -e.? mentioned in the text Is more'iike reven-C
tlian justice. Kichuiau'.s or lllrhmund'^ hk; \s j^irt of Scarborough.

1532.1 ^On^ ^YINTIIROP. 119

100

which they pulled from the thatch. Their victuals also
orew sliori. so as the} vvi.re forced to eat muscles, — yet
they were very |j mean, jj — and came all safe home the third
day after, through the Lord's special providence. Upon view
of the place, it was agi'eed by all, that to build a fort there
would be of too great charge, and of litile use.; whereupon the
planting of that place was deferred.^

23, or thereabouts.] The ship William, Mr. Trevorc master,
arrived at Plimouth with some passengers and goods for the
Massachusetts Bay ; but she came to set up a fishing at Scitu-
ate, and so to go to trade at Hudson's River,

By this ship, we had intelligence from our friends in England,
tliat Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Capt. Mason (upon the insti-
gation of Sir Christopher Gardiner, ]Morton, and RatclifF) had
prefen-ed a petition to thr- lords of th<> privy council against lis,
charging us with many false accusations; but, through the
Lord's good providence, and the care of our friends in England,
(especially Mr. § Emanuel § Downing, who had married the gov-
ernour's sister, and the good testimony given on our behalf by
one Capt. AYiggin,'- vrlio dwelt at Pascataquack, and had been
divers times among us.) their malicious practice took not effect.
The priiicipal matter they had against ns w^as, the letters of
some indiscreet persons among us, who had written against the
church government § in England, § etc., w^hich had been inter-
cepted by occasion of the death of Capt. Levett, who carried
ihem, and died at sea.

26.] Two little girls of the governour's family were sitting
under a great heap of logs, placking of birds, and the wind
II merry II

^ Keaiiers accustomed to receive, with some hesitation, any infonuatiou from
Jolins'jn, v>-ill compare the naiTativc in our text with his, lib. I. c. 28, or as it 13
reprinted in 2 Hist. Coll. IH. 138, 9. A scrutiny of his representation discloses
mistakes of the time, making it " the vernal of the year 1634;" of the j>laoe,
'•a small island, about two miles distant from Boston," that is, Castle Island, in-
stead of Naiitasket; and of the number, "some eight or ten persons of note."
ir.? vrrote ci")iteen years afler the event, and shows little precision in any thing
but his creed; yet his book is one of the most curious tkit an in'[ulrcr into the
nuiniu'.-s ami iustit'itions of our fathers can ]»or;-e.

• For some of this testimony, see 3 Mass. Hist. Coll. VHI. 320.

120 JOIIX WINIHROP. [163:j.

driving the feathers into the house, the governour's wife caused
them to remove away. They were no sooner gone, but the
whole heap of logs fell down in the place, and had cruslied
them to death, if the Lord, in his special providence, had not
delivered them.

March.] The governour's son, John Winthrop, went, with
*ini ''■^•'''^l^'s^ II niore, Ij to begin a plantation at Agawam, after
called Ipswich.

[Large blank.]

One John Edye, a godly man of Watertown congregation,
fell distracted, and, getting out one evening, could not be found ;
but, eight days after, he came again of himself. He had
kept his strength and colour, yet had eaten nothing (as must
needs be conceived) all that time. He recovered his under-
standing again in good measure, and lived very orderly, but
would, now and then, be a little distempered."
[Blank.]

April 10.] Here arrived INTr. Hodges, one of ]Mr. Peirce his

mates. He came from Virginia in a shallop, and brought news

that jNlr. Peirce's shiji was cast away upon a shoal four miles

from P'eake^ Isle, ten leagues to the N. of the mouth of Yir-

II ^^^ II

1 At the court, 1 April next, it was •'order*?d, that no person whatsoever
shall go to plant or inhabit at Agawam, without leave from tlie court, except
thooG that are already gone with Mr. John "Winthi-op, jun." Then follows in
the Reconl, I. 9G, the list of the others: 'Olr. Gierke, Robert Coles, Thomas
Howlett, John Biggs, John (lage, Thoma.-? ITardy, Yv'illiaia Perkins, Islr.
Tliorndiko, "\Vll'';;iia Sarjeaiit," as in Priuce, II. 86. Of coursi.', there Avvrc
Uiree more.

- The last sentence appears to have been written, as the sense would induce
us also to suppose, sometime later than the preceding. A blank had been loft
for tlie suflerer's Chriatiau name, which is inserted in a dLQerent ink from tho
rest of the page. From AN'atertown Records, I find, "Pilgrim, daughter of
John and Amie Eddie, born 25 August, 1G34 ; John, son of J. and A. E-, bom
16 Pebruary, 1630-7, died soon; Benjamin, son of J. and A. E., buried 1639 ;
Samuel, son of J. and A. E., born 30 September, 1610." Another daughter is
also moutioned of a later date.

8 Probiibly this name w-is given as a compliment to the relative of Gov. Win-
throp, and may not have been perpetuati'd. The island is undoubtedly on tlie
ocean side of tho eastern sVore of "Migiula. In tiie map of ^^Lirylaud, in OgU-
by's lL"stor>- of America, it is called Pctciic's Island.

1633.] JOIIN TM>.TLlEOP. 121

<^ini;i Boy, Noverabrr 2cl, about !llivc{j in the morning, the wind
S. W., through the negligence of one of his mates, who had
the watch, and kept not hi.s lead as he was jj "exhorted |[. They
had a shallop and their ship's boat aboard. All that went into
the shallop came safe on shore, but the ship's boat was sunk by
the ship's side, and [blank] men (downed in her, and ten of
them were taken up alive intcj the shallop. There were ia the
ship twenty-eight seamen and ten passengers. Of these were
drowned seven seamen and five passengers, and all the goods
were lost, except one hogshead of beaver; and most of the let-
ters were saved, and some other small things, which were
driven on shoje the next day, when the ship was broken in
pieces. They were nine days in much distress, before ,..^r,
they found any English. Plimouth men lost four hogs-
heads, 900* pounds of beaver, and 200 otier skins. The go v-
ernour of Massachusetts lost, in beaver and fish, which he sent
to Virginia, etc., near £100. iMany others lost || ^beaver, || and
Mr. Ilumfrey, fish."

[Lar<.':e blank.]

May.] The "William and Jane, iMr. Burdock master, arrived
with thirty passengers and ten cows ||*or morej|. She came in
six week's from London.

[Blnnk.]

The Mary and Jane arrived, Mr. Rose ma^jter. She came

from London in $^.\cn weeks, and brought one hundred and

ninety-six passengers, (only two children died). ISIr. Codding-

ton, one of the assistants, crnd his wifc,^ came in her. In h'.T

• ilon-ijj ||-ap]'oiutc-J|j li'ikiu-?{j pone mare jj

1 These figures, t;iken from the margin, were designeJ, as I llunk, to reprc-
Eont the quantity, not the value; the pounds avoirdupoi?, not, as the fonner
t-'litor had it, pounds sterling. Of this construction I fek confident before know-
ing the concurrence of Prince, 11. 87. He inserts a cbaracteri-^tic letter from
CapL Peirce about the shipwreck.

- She W.1S bound to England, after stopping to trade at Tirginia, probably
to receive tobacco for her fi'-h. The skies trom Massachusetts were, of course,
destined for London. I have seen several letters from friend-i in England
to Jolm AVinthroi), jun., htjre, ackr.owledging receipt of cpistlog sent by this
Vessel, which, having been dr'.uched in tlie sea, were l^ardly legible by his cor-
rLSjwndcnts.

Her name was Mary, and she is the 15Sth member of Boston church. Cod-
YOL. I. 11

^^¥'

122 -- JOHN V^NTIIROP. [16:j:3.

return she wa^. cast away u})Oii Isle Sable, but [blank] men
were saved.

By these ships we understood, that Sir Christopher Gardiner,
and Thomas Morton, and Thllip Ratclitf, (who had been pun-
ished here ibr their misdemeanours,) had petitioned to the king
and council against us, (being set on by Sir Ferdinando Gor-
ges and Capt. Mason, who had begun a plantation at Pascata-
quack, and aimed at the general governmenl; of New England
for their agent there, Capt. Neal). The petition w-as of majiy
sheets of paper, and contained many false accusations, (and
among some truth:, misrepeated,) accusing us to intend rebel-
lion, to have cast off our allegiance, and to be wholly separate
from the church and laws of England; that our ministers and
people did continuoilv rail against tlie state, clmrch, and
bishops there, etc. Upon which such of our company as
were then in England, viz., Sir Richard Saltonstall, ^Lr. Hum-
frey, and ^h: Coadock, were called before a committee of the
council, to whom tliey delivered hi an answer in writing;^ upon
reading wln-reof, it pleased tlie Lord, our gracious God and
Protector, so to work with the lords, and after with the king's
majesty, when the whole matter was reported to him by Sir
Thomas Jern^in, one of the council, (but not of the committee,
who yet had been present at the three days of hearing, and
spake' mnch in the commendation of the governour, boili to the
lords and after to his majesty,) that he said, he would have
them severely punished, who did abuse J! liis governour 1| and
the plantation; that the, dciendants were dismis-^ed viih a fa-
vorable order for their encouragement, being assured from some
l[tIiT.i goverumentji

dington had lo-t the Avitc be broii;.'lil in tlie first expedition, as appears by Dud-
ley's letter, in the great morLahty of the beasoiiing. He went to England early
in 1G3I. Gov. Winthi-op, In v,Hting to his son, in a letter of that date, in the
Api>cndlx, desires him to fa\or Co-ldington's application to his sifter, Avboni I
presume to be the vidow of Henry. But she came over in the latter part of
that year, avI h her mother-in-law, the witu of the gove^-nour, and soon marned
Feake.

1 A letter fr.m ^\inthr(.p to l-j-; iVlei'd r.ra*Iiln-tl, filing a relation of this m-
quin,-, and the order of the privy council thereon, preserved in Prince, ILS9-31,
is worth perusal.

1633.] JOHN WTXTTIROP. 123

of the council, that hi.s majesty did not intend to impose the
ceremonies of the church of England upon us; for that it was
considered, that it was the freedom from such thincrs that made
people come over to us; and it was credibly informed to the
council, that this country would, iii time, be very beneficial to
England for masts, cordage, etc., if the Sound should be de-
barred.^

AVe sent forth a pinnace after the pirate Bull, but, after *.^,
she had been forth two months," she came home, hav-

^ The foars. entertaino.l by our friends in England, ^vliile tins siil^iject was be-
fore the council, Avii! be fully exhibited by extxacts from two letters in my pos-
session to J. Winthrop tlie younger. Edward Plowes writes, 18 ]March, 1632-3,
'•I am glad, and exceedingly rejoice at your prosperity, and the prosi^erity of
the whole colony, and that it hath pleased Cod to show his power and me'rcy
upon yon all iu a wonderful manner, beyond the expectation of th.e great ones
of thi^ land, in deliverlnLT you, not from a Spanish powder plot, nor an account-
ed invincible armada, but from -a ■Spanisu-Uke French infection, which ^v-as like
to have tainted the halest and best men amongst you, yea all of jou, as may ap-
pear by tlio WTitings and letters written with mine own hand, and sent to
your father, my honored friond. Sir, I am the more sensible hereof, in regard
I -wa-s a daily and hourly auditor at.d spectator of all the passages, which hath
caused me to take it into consideration, that your plantation hath need of some
tearty and able friends to back you upon all occasions, which must reiuain here
and have friends at court. I, though not so able as I could wish, (if God saw it
good,) yet as hearty as the best, considering ilr. Ilumfrey's preparation for de-
parture, and ray master's desire and resolution U; l)e with you, have betaken
ruyself no%^-, at last, to the study of the laws, and to that purpose have admitted
myself as a student of CliiTord's Inn. Xot that I mean alisolutel)-, or presently,
to leave nsy mnster. but to enable myself to leave when lie is gone, rmd to retire
i;vsc'f ii, t!.c vacation time, to my study, which shall ever tend, to th:- utmost
of my poor ability, to the good and welfare of your plantation and state."

Francis Kirby writes, 26 :srarch, 1633, "Your friends here, who are mem-
bers of your jilantatlon, have had much to do to answer the unjust complaints
made to the king and council of your government there. I understand that you
are an assistant, and so have a voice In the weighty aflliirs of that common-
^•ealth. I know I shall not need to advise you, that the prayers for our king
i»e not neglected In any of your public meetings ; and I desire that you differ
no more from us in church government, than you shall find that ^v(^ differ fiOm
the prescript rule of God's word, and further I meddle not." Our fathers and
all their descendants may bu content with so liberal a permission of dilierencc
on church govcnimeut.

=* Prince, tl. 01, gives this w,nd trreL^. Tlic court, 2 July at>er, directed the
treasurer to pay Lieut. Mason .UO for liis services iu this e.xpedltina; and the

124 JOHN wixTniiop. n63;j

ing not fonnd him. Aftpr, we beard he was gone to the
French.

A Dutch pink arrived, which had been to the southward a
trading.

June 2.] Capt. Stone ^ nrrived with a small ship with cows
and some salt. The governour of Plimouth sent Capt. Stand-
ish to prosecute against him for piracy. The cause ||was, be-
ing jj at the Dutch j-lantation, where a pinnace of Plimoutli
coming, and Capt. Stone and the Dutch governour having been
drinking together, Capt. Stone, upon pretence that those of
Plimouth had reproached them of A'irginia, from whence he
came, seized upon iheir pinnace, (with the governours con-
sent,) and offered to carry her away, but the Dutchmen || ^res-
cuedjl her; and the next day the governour and Capt. Stone
cntreati. d the master of th'^ pinnace (being one of th^ eonnci!
of Plimouth) to pass it by, which he promised by a sobmn in-
strumerit under his hand; yet, upon their earnest prosecution
at court, we bound over Capt. Stone (with two sureties) to ap-
pear in the admiralty court in England, etc. But, after, those
of Plimouth, being persuaded that it. would turn to their re-
proach, and that it could be no piracy, with their conscxit, we
withdrew the recognizance.

15.J Mr. Graves, in tlic sliip Elizabeth = Bonadvcnture, from
Yarmouth, arrived with ninety-five passengers, and thirty-four
Dutch she<>p, ond two mares. Tliey came from Yarmouth in
six weeks ; lost not one person, but above forty sheep.

19.] x\ day of liianksgiving was kept in all the congrega-
*10o- ^^""''' ^^^ ^^^^ (iei;\f ,y from the plots of our enemies, and
for the safe arrival of our friends, etc.

July 2.] At a court it was a,grecd, that the governour, .Tohn
Winthrop, should have, towards his charges this year, ^150,=*
Ihvas began il ||- wrested |!

other cliar-es amounted to £24.7.0, tor whi^-h see the treasurer's account, In 2
Jlbt Coll. Yin. •232, 3.

1 More will bo found of this unhappy man In September and January follow-
ing, and In November, l.I.i i. A very bad report of Urn, under this latter year,
is also given by ^forton.

- Here, at first, a blank had been ieil fo- the ship's name, which the govern-
our afterwards inserted.

8 The il-urcs in the :MS. are 130, or 150, the 3 being, I think, wntten upon

1G33.] JOHN WEN'TIIROP. 125

and tl'.e money, which he had disbursed in public business, as
ofliccrs' wages, etc., being between two and three hundred
pound.s, should be forihwith paid.

12.] Mr. Edward Winslow, govcrnour of Plimouth, and
Mr. Bradford, came into the ba3^ and went away the ISth.
They came partly to confer about joining in a trade to Con-
necticut, for beaver and hemp. There was a motion to set up
a trading house there, to prevent the Dutch, who were about to
build one ; but, in r^'gard the place was not lit for plantation,
there being three or four thousand warlike Indians, and the
river hot to be gone into but by small pinnaces, having a bar
affording but sb: feet at high water, and for that no vessels can
get in for seven months in the year, partly by reason of the
ice, and then the violent stream, etc., we thought not fit to
meddle with it.^

24.] A ship arrived from Weymouth, witli about eighty
passengf^rs, and twelve kine, who sate down at Dorche-vster,
They were twelve weeks coming, boing forced into the West-
ern Jslandc-^ by a leak, where they stayed three weeks, and were
very courteously used by the Portugals ; but the extremity of

the 5; but it is observable, that the Cokniy Record ha3 it only £100. The
treasurer's account of all the payments to Yfinthrop, as referred to in my note
above, amounts to £328.10.

1 Under date of 4 April, 1631, the reader has seen the earliest mention of
Connecticut arising in the History of Massachusetts. But, from Bradford's
Register, in Prince, 11. 04, we may be sure, that Plimouth hvl cnU-rtained
%iews of establi-^hiiig a pluiuj'iou tlicre, at an earlier season, and v,;ts willing to
admit our colonists, her neighbours, to partake the advantage. On the first
proposal from the Indian sachem, a sufficient cause for declining to send out a
colony, to such a distance, would be found in our weakness; but I am constrain-
e<l to remark, that the reasons, in the text above assigned, the strength of the
current, shoalness of tlie water, continuance of the ice, and multitude of In-
diai>s, look to me more like pretexts, than real motives. Some disingenuous-
ness, 1 fear, may be imputed to our council, in starting difficulties to deter our
brethren of the humble eunimunity of Plimouth from extending their limits to
so advantageous a situation; tor we next season were careful to warn the Dutch
against occupation of it, and the following year took possessioti ourselves. Ilon-
f.-t Morton cuniplaius, that his people '-deserved to have held it, and not by
fri.-nds t.> ha\e L'^eu t!iru-t cut, as, iu a 5. :rt, tiny afterwards were :" and liis
complaint appears verv natural, if not unanswerable.

\i I

12o .TOTHs V^TNTHROP. [IG33.

the heat there, and the continual rain brought sickness upon
them, so as [blank] died,

*infi Much sickness at Plimouth, and above twenty^ died of
pestilent fevers.

lilr. Graves returned, and carried a freight of fish from hence
and Plimouth.

Jjy him tiie governonr and assistants sent an answer to the
petition of Sir Christopher Gardiner, and wilhal a certificate
firorn the old planters'^ concerning the carriage of affairs, etc.

August G.] Two men servants to one Moodyc, of Roxbury,
returning in a boat from the windmill, struck upon the oyster
bank. They went out to gather oysters, and, not making fast
their boat, when the flood came, it floated away, and they were
both drowned, although they might have waded out on cither
side; but ii was an evident judgment' of God npon theia. for
they were wicked persons. One of thern, a little before, being
reproved for his lev/dness, and put in rniud of hell, ansvrercd,
that if h;'U v,-ere ten times hotter, he had rather be there than
he would serve tiis master, etc. The occasion was, because he
had bound himself for di\ers years, and saw that, if he had
been at liberty, he might have had greater wages, though other-
-wise his master used him very well.*

^ For the nuinbtr a blank v.-as left, "vvboii the line wa« first 'written.

2 Of tliose olil pl.mlers, wo may conjecture tlie names to be, Blaxton, JelTo-
ries, ^Maverick, Thomson; and pevliaps Bursley, Conant, and Oldbara.

' Too many instances nf more extraordinary providential or fortuitous eccnr-
Tences, perverted ia uicir iui^-.-j>;ct;ition, T/ill be ob<5crved in the ]iriiur<. <s of
this Histoi ;.. It nr.- tlie vici- <'t" tlu^ aL;"e, and iiidecd of most ages. TLo great
historian rf tlu- civ'l v,a.v aboumls in sucli judgments; but on the other side they
are still more numerou-*.

* "With the incouiplcte transcrljit of this paragra^ili, and in tbe midst of a sen-
tence, rrince's third pamphlet, II. t»0, abruptly terminates. To omit here the
expression of deepest regret for thus p.arting ■with such a companion, would he
injurious to his memory. Yet deeper will be the regret of all inquirers afler
the minute circumstances of Xew England history, that such a patient and ju-
dicious student haii not begun his Annals with the discover}' by Columbus,
rather than the creation of ^Nloses. Xo other antl(piary will ever enjoy advan-
tnges equal to his for an exact chronological si.ries of our events; and v/hen
great opportunities arc aflbrded, a dozen Ilubbards, or a score of ^Mathers, may
risv> for one rrincc. Civil couvul^io.i'^, disregard of itnnuscripts, and ihe Iipsc
of time, favorable to worms and damp, have each robbed us of many of his

3633.] JOIIN WINTUROP. 127

Mr. Graves returned. He carried between five and six
thous^and weight of beaver, and about thirty passen^^ers. Capt.
Walter Neal, of Pascataquack, and some eight of his company,
went witli him. He had been in the bay above ten days, and
came not all that time to see the governonr. Being persna- *-,^^
ded by di\ ers of his friends, his answer was, that he was not
well entertained the first time he came hither, and, besides, he had
some letti-rs opened in tlie bay; || ergo, || except he were invited,
he would not go see him. The lOth^ day he WTote to the
governour, to excuse hi,- not coming to see him, upon the same
reason.=. The governour returned him answer, that his enter-
tainment was such as time and place could afford, (being at
their lirst coming, before they were housed, etc.) and retorted
the discourtesy upon him, in that he would thrust himself, with
such a company, (he had five or six gentlemen with him,) upon
a stranger's entertainment, at such an unseasonable tin;e, and
having no need so to do; and for his letters, he protested his
innoceney, (as he might well, for the letiers were opened before
they came into the bay;) and so concluded courteously, yet
with plain demonstration of his error. And, indeed, if jjMhe
governour jl should have inviued him, standiiig upon tho^e terms,
he had blemished his re^mtation.

There is mention made before of the answer, which was re-
turned to Sir Christopher Gardiner his accusations, to which
tlie govcitiour and all tiie assistants sn.bscribed, only the
deputy refused. 'He made three exceptions: 1. For that we
termed the bishops rcveivnd bishops; which was only in re-
peating r!ie !j 'accusers woH^|j. 2. For that we professed to
beheve all the articles of the j| •'Christian || faith, according to
the scriptures and the common received tenets of the clua-ches
IJGovernnieiit;!! || -lie courteously |j |j''aceu*aUoi.3 made|| i|^g05pelj|

'leare?t treasures; but for tliose -nbich himself mailc public, all succeeding aii-

mirers of the days of old must unite with me in the oblation of highest regard,

" Ills >altcin iiccnmulcm don'-."

^ Of the month, not of his visit, I presume to be meant. William ^\'oo<l,
to whom we arc oUiged for New En^dand's IVospeot, ]>nntcd at London, 1G31,
went und-M',tedly with Graves; lor he says, he sailed from Boston, loth Au-
pist^ 1C33.

12S JOFTN' ^NaXTHltOP. [IG33.

of EiiirVanf''. This he refused, because v;e differed from them in
matter of discipline, and about the meaning of Christ's de.scen-
sion into hell ; Hyet j| the faittiful in England (whom wc account
the churches) expound it as we do, asid not of a local descent,
as some of tli;^ bishops do. 3. For that we gave the king the
title of sacred majesty, which is the most proper title of princes,
*being the Lord's anointed,*^ and the word a mere, civil word,
never uppiied in scripture to any divine thing, but sanctus used
always, (.Mr. Knox called ihe ][ -queen of Scotland || by the same
*ir\o tide). Yet by no reasons could he be drawn to yield to
these things, although they were allowed by divers of the
ministers and the chief of riimouth.

TL:re was great scarcity of corn, by reason of the spoil our
hogs had made at harvest, and the great quantity they had
11 'even jj in the winter, (ihcre being no acoriis ;) yet peoj)lc lived
well with fish and tlie fruit of their gardens.-

Sept. 4.j The Grifiui. a ship of three hundred tons, arrived,

(having been eight weeks from the Downs). §This ship was

brought in by John Gallop a new* way by LoveWs Island, at

low water, now called Griffin's Gap.§ She brought about

!! that !! li ■'- In. of S 11 |[ -^ eaten ||

^ I am certrjn, ^rom tlic difffrence of the i;ik, tliat the pen was dravm through
thi? pit^^ap■o ^ome time allor It was written. If it Mere the j,'overnoui's pen, his
gentimL-nt5. but not his iirinciplcs, were chang -d in a few years.

^ At the court, 5 Xovemher after, the adoption of two remarkable regulations
was caused by this scareity: 1. "That no man shall give his swine any corn,
but such a>.lieing vieweil by tv.o or three neigliboui-s, shall be judged unfit for
man's nieaL" 2. '■ Also, tii.ii every plantation t^hall agree how uumy swine
eTer>- person may keep, ^v!ntcr and summer, about the plantation; this order to
take place ten days hence."

^ The /If'/' way is not so cloarly indicated, that I should dare to pilot the
reader through it. On fitat reading this sentcme, it seemed as if the passage
must be our present shi[) channel, between Lovell's and George's with Gal-
lop's Islands, and, of com^o, that Broad Sound was the former common way.
But this would be wrong; for the governour has noticed, that, in July, lfi43,
■when I.a Tour Snuled from us with the ships hired here, they went out atBroriJ
Sound, irlicrc nu ships of sv:}; harden had gone out before, or not more than one.
So I conclude, that our present ship channel is the same that Avas first used;
ami that Gallop brought t'lc GrifHn in between I-ovell's Island and the Great
Brewster from the nortir.vani. AVe are confident, t'tiat very great changes have
occurred in the harlx>ur ; and, witliin the recollection of many, such vicleucco

ir.33.] JOHN \VINTIlKOr. 129

iwo Iiundred passengers, having lost some four, § whereof
one was drowned two days befoic, as he was casting forth
a line to take mackerel §. In this ?hip came Mr. Cotton,^
Mr. Hooker, and Mr. Stone,- ministers, and §Mr. Peirce,§'

arf kno'.vM, a? may justify tUe ooiijootiire, flat the long shoal, to tlie south-west
from the Great^ Brewster, was solid upland when the bay was first settled.

^ Xothing can be added to the abundait uiaterials offered by this History, and
all tJie contemporary books, ■\vh"ch IMather, Hutchinson, Eliot, Allen, and Em-
erson, have exhausted in their notices of "the great Cotton." The first author
derived his name and part of his blood from this spiritual guide of Boston ; and
the last adorned, in his History of the First Church, all who had preceded him-
self in ministration at that altar.

2 Samuel Stone was, happily, in favor with the author of the ]\Iagnalia ; and
readers that dread to pursue an inquiry in such a work, will find ample account
of him in Trumbull, Eliot'^ and Allen's Dictionaries, Holmes's History of Cam-
bridge, 1 Hist Coll. VJI. ; and in the Piiiiioulh Memorialist, ;d ihc date of
his death, lijQ'J, an elegy ia the worst style of that age. He performed good
service with ?-Iason, whoiu ho accomjianied as chapkiin in the expedliiou a;ia!ii3t
the Peqnots, 1G37. See 'J Hist Coll. VHI. 134. A Body of Divinity, in a
catechetical way, by him, in a -Ito MS. of 510 pages, Is in the library of our
Historical Socirty,

* He was a gi.-ntleman of high repute in Boston, being one of the selectmen
with AViiithrop and Coddington the next yo^r, and must not be confounded
with the mariner, who had the same name of brptism. Jrlls freeman's oath, at
the general court, 14 'May, Ki;34, was tiken at the same time with eighty others,
of whom Hooker, Stone, Cotton, Thomas ilayhew, and Williaiu Brcnton are
all, besides Pelrce, th;u ha\e the respectful tide, Mr., prefixed to their names.
Col. Kec. I. 112. rdnce, enumeixiting the principal members of Boston
church, U. 69, lias mistaken him for the master of the Lyon, as I Infer from
finding in their Keconls but or,e of the name, and being satisfied, thot he could
not be I'^'inored with such oflice in the civil huL', unle?-: in full comninuion with
tl^e bretluvn. Yet Prince may be correct; for the admission to our church was
several weeks before the dismission of Charlestown people. The name of "Wil-
liam Peirce does not appear in the record of Boston fii-st church except as next
to tiiose of Rev. Mr. James and his v itc, and so the very latest betbre the lonn-
ation of Charlestown church. It might theretbre bo thought, that this fellow
passenger with Cotton wont to some other church, perhaps that of Cambridge
or '\^'ate^to^^^l. J5ut as it is apparent, that our record, in its few larlicst p«igc3,
is not original, but copy, I presume the fact of admis.-iou of this gentleman wa^i
omitted by the .scribe supposing the former mention of the othm- W. P. applied
to him. liis vife, Bridget, was admitted of our church 2 Fell. lG3-i, after her
husband. A second wite survived him, and had administration of his estate in De-
ci'inbc-:-, \G<][). See Piob. Pec. Vil. 2, by wliioh ^ve find lilsosUxtii much reduced,
the inventory amountir<g only to £85.2, uul-j.-s another person of the same

IfiU JOHN ^nXTHROP. [1633.

#^Qq ^[r. Hayncs,^ (a gentleman of gi-eat estate,) Mr. [} Ilofie, {j ^
and many other men of good estates. They gat out of
England with much difFiculty, all places being belaid to have
taken Mr. Cotton and Mr. Hooker, who had been long sought
for to have been brought into the high commission ; but the
master being bound to toach at the Wight, the [j -pursuivants |j
attended there, and, in the riiean time, the said uiinisters were
taken in at the ]>owji5. Mj*. Hooker and Ivlr. Stone went pres-
ently to Newtown, where they were to be entertained, and
Mr. Cotton slajed at Boston. jj'^On Saturday |] ^ evening, the
IJGoffe|] ||-pursuantsl[ IpOne Sunday j|

name, but not the navigator mentioned in a note on pa;^e 25, be in that record
inteii'Ied ; for adniiiilitralion of the eslate of one William Peirce was granted,
January, ]CC1, to his -vvite. Prob. Jlcc. JV. C>^., and the inventoiy of it is £22'?. j.
Several chlMi-eu survived, of whom the Prob. Pec. \L1. 213, aflbids the,
names. P. is not nosv easy to refer to earU stock the numerous descendants in
our country.

^ There can be no need of saying more of this gentleman than -will be found
in a few pages of this History, in Trumbull, the ]Magualia, and the biographies.
Ife was fortunate in lielng governour of ilassachusetts, and more fortunate ia
louioving aflcr his first year of office, tiu;reby avoiding our bitter coutentlon.s
to become father of tlie new colony of Connecticut.

^ Drs. Trumbull and Holnies were, by the error of the tbnuer edition, led
into mistake of this gentleman's name. Atherton Haugh, or Hough, pronounceil
as tlie text gives it, was of great influence in Boston, as this work, lu its pro-
gress, will show. He was early ciiosen into the council, and afterwards a deputy
fioni Poston in several general courts. I presume he came fioiu Boston in Lin-
colnshire ; for, in 1623, the mayor of that borough was of the same name, prob-
ably the sauie person. His descendant.-, iu male aud female lines, if we may
judge from the perpetuation of tlie unusual name of ba])tisnt, continued long in
Boston and it.s vicli\ity ; aiul the derivation through femaU lines is probably not
yet extinct He died 11 September, 1G60.

' In any other place, I know not that evidence of a regular religious assem-
bly, on the evening before the first day of the week, can be found. The tiuic
was observed as holy in private families for many years; aud writings in favor
of the custom, nearly a century, are recollected, particularly in 1722, b.y Stovl-
dard of Xorthampton, one of the greatest divines of that age in our country.
The practice still sul>sists, with greater or less punctuality, in Connecticut,
where, on the evening of Sunday, it is said, many recur to their secular labors;
and by tlie statute of M;is.>achusetts, 1701, c. .!>8, cert^iin regulations, ''respect-
ing the due observation of the Lord's day, shall be construed to e.xtend to
the time included between ll : midnight piecOLUng and thc'sua setiing of the
same day."

ICSo.j JORX WJXTIIROP. X31

con.^Tcgation met in their ordinary exercise, and IMr. Cotton,
being desired to .^^peaK to the question, (whicli was of the ,..,^
chiu-ch.) he showed, out of the Canticles, 6, that some
churches were as queens, some as concubines, some as damsels,
and some as doves,^ etc. Ho was then (with his wife) pro-
j)oniided to be admitted a member. The Lord's day follow-
i/ig, he exercised in the afternoon, and being to be admitted, he
sigiiifiod his desire and readiness to make his confession accord-
ing to order, v.'hieh he said might be sufficient in declaring his
faitli about baptism, (which he then desired for his child, born
in then- passage, and therefore named Seaborn-). He gave two
reasons why he did not baptize it at sea, (not for want of fresh
water, for he held, sea water would have served :) 1, because
they had no settled congi'egation there; 2, because' a minis-
ter hath no power to give tlje seals but in his own congrega-
tion. He desij-ed his wife might also be admitted a member,
and gave a m.odest testimony of her, but withal requested, that
.<he might not be put to make open confes-ion, etc., which he
s;dd was against Hie apostle's rule, and not fit for women'?
modesty ; but that the elders might examine her in private.
So she was asked, if she did consent in the confession of faith

^ Most of the eixrly I'rotostants and cspeclallv the ruritans, paid no less
attentinu to the Soug-, tlian to the Wisdom of Solomon ; and sometimes, by thoir
extreme fondness for spiritualizing what needs great di:<tortIori to make it "prof-
itable f^r doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness,"
Seem to be ignorant of the strong doubts of its canonical authoritv. Piety is
shocked, when pmdencp is thus slitrhti-d.

- Of (his son, whose name, in the cat ilogue of Ilaryard College, is found,
Afarigena, 1651, a brief note is fouad in Allen. I am less surprised at the omis-
sion of him by EUot, whose account of the father, is admirable fiar its propriety,
tlian of his younger brother, John, It. C, 1657, who, after ofliciating several
voars as teacher of the Indians, and thirty years as pastor at Pliniouth, removed
t'> Charleston, S. C, and there gathered a Congregational church. ^Vq cannot
here avoid the expression of regret, that, in llamsay's " History of the Indc-
|x>ndtTit or Congregational Church in Charleston," so little is related of hira;
^'it the ample account of the Plimouth church, 1 Hist. Coll. IV. 122-1 2s,
afiords all the ii.tormatiou'that might be desired. For his ac(iuirements in the
Linguage of the aborigines, no man of New England, I presume, except ElioL
a"d \\'ili:ams, ranks higher. Still, on account of the unhappy cause of his dls-
ii>i--ion from I'limouth, it was, perhaps, excusable in JCliot's Biographical Die-
lionarj-, to avoid notice of the younger Jolm Cotton.

:"V

:1 '. )., :„

132 JOIIX WIXTIIKO?. [1633.

made by her husband, and if she did desire to be admitted,
etc.; whoieto she answered aftirmfitiveJy ; and so both were,
admitted, and their child baptized, tlm father presenting it, (the
»-|^-j child's baptism being, as he did then affirm, in another
case, the fathers [j incentive || for the help of his faith,
etc).

The said 4th of September, came in also the ship called the
Bird, (?^Ir. Yares master). She brought [blank] passengers,
having lost [blank ;] and [blank] cows, § having lost [blank ;]§
and four mares. She hid been twelve weeks at sea, being, at
her first coming out, driven northerly to fifty-three.

About ten days before this time, a bark was set fortli to Con-
necticut and those parts, to trade.

John Oldham, and three with him, went over land to Con-
necticut, to trade. The sachem used them kindly, and gave
them some beaver. They jj -brought of the hemp, which grows |{
there ifi great abuiid;uice, and is much better than the Eng-
lish. He accounted it to be about one hundred and sixty
miles.^ He brought some black lead, wlicreof the Indians told
him there was a w^hole rock. He lodged at Lidian towns all
the way.

12.] Capt. John Stone (of whom mention is made before)
carried himself very dissolutely in drawing company to drink,
etc., and being found upon the bed in the night witli one Bar-
croft's wife, he was Liroiiglit before the governonf, etc., and
though it appeared he was in drink, and no act to be proved,
yet it was thottght tit he ^^jmrld abide, his trial, for whji h jj "endjj
warrant was ^ent out to stay his pinnace, which was ready to
set sail; ^vhereupon he went to INIr. Ludlow, one of the assist-
ants, and used jl^bravingjj and threatening speeches against
him, for which he raised some company and apprehended him,
and brought him to the governour, vvdio put him in irons, and

I instruction II |i -bought el' him the Loaij) ik'.t grew || Ij'^aji |i' 1|

1 The former editor, desii-oiis of shorteninir die road to the capital, put thij
anyotiitlon on the text : " Froai Boiton to Connecticut Kiver, In a direct line,
is not more than half that dLstiince." ProhaMy Oldhaai and hi.s f •'.iuv,- travel-
lers ibllowed winding patiis f jr i!ie couvomoiice of lodging all ihc 'vvav, as ui
much later times wo Vicrc conuiellcd to for tciut) part of the route.

^Q2^ JOHN WINTimOP. J33

kept a ^lard upon him till the court, (but his irons were
taken off the same day). At the comt his indictment was
framed for adnltery, but found ig-norumus by the great jury;
but, for his other misdemeanors, he was fined XlOO, which yet
was not levied of him ; and ordered upon ]iain of deaili to come
here no inore, without license of the court; and the woman
was bound to her good behaviour.^

17.] 'J'he governour and council met at Boston, and ^-.^.^
called the ministers and elders of all the churches, to con-
sider about IMr. Cotton his sitting down. He was desired to
divers places, and those who came with him desired he micrht
sit down where they migiit keep store of cattle ; but it was
agreed, by full consent, that the fittest place for him was Bos-
ton, and in that respect those of Boston might take farms in
any part of ihe bay not belonging to other towns; and that
(keeping a i} lecture |j) he should have some maintenance o;-it of
the treasmy. But divers of the council, upon tlieir second
thoughts, did alter refuse tiiis contriburion.-

October ?.] 'J'he bark Blessing, which vras sent to the

.southward, returned. She had been at an island over against

Connecticut, called Long Lland, because it is near fifty lea-Tues

long, the east };art about ten leagues from the main, but the west

!l lecturer II • ' ■

1 TLough the Colony Hecords, I. 103, in the account of Stone's ctlence, take
not any notice of the supposed adulter)-, yet the -Rhole severity of the sentence
IS found there, llul'hard, loG, bonows from them the Titupenitivc laug-.ajjo,
{iuing, in tills in^laijce, heyoiid our author, v.hom, almost uniformly, he follows
With undeviating prudence. But the judgment mentions assaulting, as part of
the misdemeanor, which both tlie historians overlook.

- 1 think the refusal was proper. There was cei-tainly no projniety in mak-
ing the colony, alter Boston was so much increased ia wealth and numbers, con-
tribute to the supjiort of her mini'^ter, because he was the most able man on
tliis side of the ocean.

The rate of £4uu, voted at the court, 1 October next, shows the relative im-
P<Jrtance of the to-.vns. The proportions are, to Bo-ton, lloxbury, Xewto-iNii,
\\atortown, and Charlestown, £-18 each; Dorchester, £80; Sagus, £36; Sa-
^'■:»i £-'8; :M..dtord, £12; Weuetsemit and Agawam, £8 each. Tlie aggre-
gate exceeds the amount of the levy by £l2 ; but that does not appe;'r so uuex-
r»<^rtod as tlie large ta.x en DoK.'hester. Somo new comers of large estate Lad,
I imagine, E-ttk-d in that town.

VOL. I. 12

ir-51 JOIIX YrJ>,'TIIROP. - ni335

end not a milo. There they haJ stare of the best wampani-
peak, both while and blue. The Indians there are a vliv
treacherous ]>eople. They have many canoes so great a?
one will cairy eighty men. Tiiey were also in the River of
Connecticut, which is barred at the entrance, so as they could
not find above one fathom of water. They were also at ilie
Dutch plantation upon Hudson's River, (called New Nether-
lands,) where they were very kindly entertained, and had some
beaver and other things, for sueh commodities as they put off.
They showed the governour (called Gwalter Van Twilly) ^ their
,jl2 commission, which was to signify to them, that the king
of England had granted the river and country of Con-
necticut to his own subjects ; and therefore desired them to for-
bear to build there, etc. The Dutch governour WTote back to
OLLV governour, (hi- le+tLT was very courteous and respectful, a-
it had been to a very honorable person,) whereby he si<rnified,
that the Lords the States had also granted the same parts to the
AVest India Company, and therefore requested that || we || would
forbear the same till the matter were decided between the king
of England and the said lords.

The said bark did pass and repass over the shoals of Cape
Cod, about three or four leagues from Nantucket Isle, where the
breaches are very terrible, yet they had three fathom water ail
over.

[Large blank.]

The company of Plimouth sent a bark to Connecticut, at this
time, to erect a tmding hou^e there. When they came, they
found the Dutch, h.ad built there, and did forbid the Plimouih
men to proceed ; but they set up their house notwithstanding.

^ Authentic history preserves little account of the a.lmlnl^tratlon of this gon-
tleman. But a -vvork of exquisite humour, in which fiction builds on tlio
groun.l-work of truth, ha.s fully amplified his reno-^vTi ; and the name of DIou-
rick Knickerbocker, his panegyrist, will forever remind posterity of '■ the un-
utterable ponderiiigs of Walter the doubter." William Smith, History of Xew
York, 4to, London, 17o7, dates the arnYal of the governour, whom he call-i
Wout.n- Van Twiller, In June, U2'J. Hubbard, 32.1, witl, more than his umui!
negligence, rails K!r/t first governour. vsh-n he hn<\ transcribed, 171, 2, fn>ni
"Winrhrop, this and the tvo foliowing paragraphs, with hardly the change c-(
a letter.

163:1] ^Oiiy: WiyTiiROP. 135

abuuf. a mile above tlic Dutch. ^ This river runs so far north-
waid, that it comes within a day's journey of a part of Merri-
mack called [blank,] and so runs thence N. W. so near the Great
Lake, as [allows] the Indians to pass their canoes into it over
land. From tiiis lake, and the hideous svv'nin;>s about it, come
most of the beaver which is traded between Virginia and Can-
ada, which runs forth of this lake ; and Patomack River in Vir-
ginia comes likewise out of it, or very near, so as from this bke
there comes yearly to the Dutch about ten thousand skins,
which might easily be diverted by ^lemmock, if a course of
trade were settled above in that river.-

10.] A fast was kept at Boston, and Mv. Leverett,^ an *^-. .
ancient, sincere professor, of J\Tr. Cotton's congregation in

^ Smith, X. Y. 2, asserts the priority of the Dutch settieaient, by erection of
a fort in 1623 ; but there can haiilly be a particle of doubt, that an error of
U-n yeacfi must be allowed for, since the negotiations between the Dutch coni-
missioner, De iL^zier, and the Plimoutl! colony, in 1627, are so totally silent on
t!ic subject of Cuuueoticut, that it is iuijwssible for us to believe they had then
formed such an establishment. See 2 Hist. Coll. HI. 51-57. See also the
Patch governour, Siuyvosaut's, case sUited by himself in Ilaz. 11. 262, begin-
ning with an allegation of purchase, by Jacobus Van Corlis, in 1633, and com-
plaining of the pxpc'lition of Holmes from Plimouth in October following. Sec
further a iiill account, by Gov. Bradfonl, of the origin of the controversy,
Hutchinson's Z\l ass. U. 4GLI-71. Trumbull, L 21, says the Dutch fort was at
Ilartford; the Plimouth house at Windsor.

" Here is an ignorance of geography, at which we might be surprised, were
not similar instances, in the early times, very common. The Connecticut is,
iniloed, within a day's journey of the Merrima^'k ; but the p.">-age of Indian
••.moes into that river, over Land, could nerer have been from the Great Lake.
It may have been, with a short portage, from the St. Lawrence. All the beaver
trade between Virginia and Canada, by which name is designated the great
river of Xiagara, Cataraqui, or St. Lawrence, naturally took, through Lake
Champlain, the direction of Hudson's Liver, and was therefore secured to the
Dutclu It could not easily have been diverted to the Merrimack or the I'oto-
nvack.

^ An omission to notice the fact, that this gentleman was father of the cele-
•■rated John Leven-tt, governour of ^Massachusetts, can only be accounted lor
^y sujiposing, that ^Mat'aer, Hutchinson, Holmes, Eliot, and Allen, were all un-
acquainted with it. Yet our first Churcli Ilecord mentions it, when announc-
ing the admission of the son, 14 Jidy, U;3[). Of Thomas little is m> utitnud;
l-ut W(.' niay be sm-c ho came widi Co*^t'»n, and other gentlemen of 13i>.-t..!U in
Old Kiigland, where ho was an alderman; tor liis entrance to the clsunh was

13G JOITX ^nNTIIROP. [JG33.

I^ngla.nd, wi.=; chosen a m]in.<j el'.ler, and Mr. Firming a gndly
man, an apothecary of Sudbia-y in England, v/as chosen dea-
con, by imposition of hands; and Mr. Cotton was then chosen
teacher of tlie congregation of Boston, and ordained by impo-
sition of thi; han.drf §of the prp.-b\-tery, in tl-i.s manner: First, lie
was chosef! by all the congregation testifying their consent by
erection of hands.§ Then :\Ir. Wilson, the pastor, demanded of
him, if he did j! accept || of that call. He paused, and then
spake to this effect: that howsoever he knew hiniself unworthy
and unsufficient for that plfice; yet, having observed all the
passages of God's providence, (which he || "^ reckoned || up in par-
ticular) in calling him to it, he could not but [j ^accept || it. Then
the i.ij\>r and the two- elders laid their hands upon his head,
and the pastor prayed, and tlien, taking oft" their hands, laid
them on agaic; and, speaking to him by his name, they did
JIHheneeforthjj design him to the said ollicc, in the n-me of
the Holy Ghost, ond did give him the charge of the confTcga-
♦-^-ji - tion, and did thereby (as by a sign frotn God) indue him
with tiie gifts fit for his ollice ; and lastly did bless him.
Then tlie neiidiboring ministers, which were present, did (at the
pastors li ^motion li) give him the right hands of fellowship, and
the pastor made a stipulation between him and the congsega-
tion. When ?*rr. Cotton accepted of the oliice, he commended
to the congTcgation such as wcr.-. to come over, who were of
llexccptll j!-re<;or._]ed|i [j ' ex.. cpt jj jj niii;rcby || ||'nodcojj

in O.'tober, If..;;, he p'„( his ^vir,., Ann, bi-.Ing Xos. If!'.) and ] 70. The dnte of
Lis death is uia; k.d in ih.e church record. 3 April, 16.30.

1 His plaec v.aj enjoyed but a diort tim.; ; for, at the to-*™ meeting, on 6 Oc-
tober next \ear, Avhich is tlie earliest, Avhose proceedings are j)resorved in oui
Town Reconl>, tlie preceding pages being all lost, Kichard Bellingham, E:^q.,
vras cho:>en a selectman, they fay, '• in the place of Giles FIrmin, decoa.>^ed."
IIo took the freeman's oath 4 :\Iarch, l(j:j:5-4. Eliot has given, with minnrc-
Tiess, the biograpliy of the son, ivho r.tteaded his father across the ocean, and
in a few years reiaoved to Ipswieli, whence an excellent letter Iron; him to
■\Yinthrop, dated 2t; December, 1G;50. is preserved by Ilutchinson, Coll. ] O^ ;
but I must correct his mistake in making tlie son, insteml of tlie father, deacon
of our church. Giles, the yoimger, married a diiughter of the famous X;uhan-
icl AVanl,;:nd died in England, 1697, at a great age, having written several de-
votional pieces, ot which some are, as is reported, rcud in oar time.

■•^ Oliver and Levcrett

1G:33.] JOHN ^V1XTI1R0P. 137

his charge in England, that tliey might be comfortably pro-
vided for.

The same day, Mr. Grant, in the ship James, arrived at S;i-
lem, having been but eight weeks between Gravesend <nid
Salem. He brought Capt. A\ iggin and about thirty, with one
Mr. It Leveridge, ji^ a godly minister, to Pascataquack, (which
the Lord Say and the Lord l^rook had purchased of the Bristol
men.) and about thirty for AHrginia, and about twenty for
jj- this I! place, and some sixty cuttle. He brought news, that
the Richard, a bark of fifty tons, which came forth with the
Griifin, being come above tlnee hundred leagues, sprang such a
leak, as she was forced to bear up, and || ^was put in at || Wey-
mouth.

11.] A fast at Newtown, where Mr. Hooker was chosen
pastor, and Mv. Stone teacher, in such a manner as before at
Boston.

The wolves continued to do much hurt among our cattle;
and this month, by Mr. Grant, thf_re came over four Iri:?!i grey-
hounds, which were sent to the governour by Mr. Downing, his
brother-in-luvr,

[Very lar^e blank.]

November.] A great moitality among the Indians. Chick-

II L |j i|-tliat|| II 3 put into II

^ Brief notice oiih' of tliis gentloiniii can be given. AYilLiam Leveridge joined
oiir church 9 Aagu;!;, 16o5, being No. 30S. Hubbard, who calls him '-an able
and T\-ort}iy minister," says, 221, that, for want of encouragement at Wiggin's
plantation of Dover, "he removed more, southward, towards PlimouHi or Long
-Inland.". This v ant of prfcJsion in tl.;iL historian is especially blamable, as t!ic
earlier writer, Johnson, lib. 3. c. 10, had mentioned his residence at Sandwich,
and engagement in the pious service of instructing the Indians. At that place
notice is taken of him by our author, post, 331, sub an. IG-lO, as introducing a
now pi-actice in celebrating tlie eucharlst. His departure from Sandwich is not
related by Judge Davis in his edition of ^[ortm's Memorial, 217; but Hazard,
H. 372, 384, infi:)rmi of his emplo}'ment, by the commissionei-s of the United
Colonies, as a missionary, in 1657. Seventeen years later, in a letter front Col.
Matthias Xicolls of New York to Gov. "Wiuthrop of Connecticut, I find him
riamedthus: "1 have given conveyance to your enclosed to Mr. I.c\ercdge,
whit.-h you'- honor saith rolate'l to sonic medicinal matit.T, but have recv:\<.-d no
rtfuru; probably he will Hud out sonu' oth-.-r way to give answer to !i." He
'.va.- th'U, I pn -inro. >ratioi!ed at Xrw;i>,vn, L. I., with which the best mode of
conveyance, from Hartfonl, was thronLdi Nev/ York.

1:3'

138 JOHX ^TIXTJIROP. M(33..

•116 ^^'^^^ot, the sagamore of Naponsett, died, and many of
his people. The disease was the small pox. Some of
them were cured by such means as they had from ns ; many of
their children escaped, and were kept by the English.

Capt. Wiggiu of Pascataquack wrote to the govern our, that
one of his people had stabbed another, and desired he miglit be
tried in the bay, if the party \\ died \\. The govenrour answered,
that if Pa?cataquack lay within their limits, (as it was sup-
posed,) they would try him.

A small ship of about sixty tons was built at lAIodford, and
called the Rebecca.

This year a watcrmill was built at Koxbury, by Mr. Dum-
-.-1 . ' J »■

mer

The scarcity of workmen had caused them to jaise their
wages to an excessive rate, so as a carpenter wT)uld have three
shillings the day, a laborer two shillings and plvp-ncvc, etc.;
and accordingly those who had commodities to sell advanc^•cl
their prices sometime double to that they cost in England,
so as it grew to a general complaint, which the court^ tak-
ing knowledge of, as also of some farther evils, wliich were
springing out of the excessive rates of wages, they made an
order, that carpenters, Pmasons,|[ etc., should take but two
shilbngs the day, and laborers but eighteen pence, and that
no commodity should be sold at above four pence in the shil-
Img more than it cost for ready money in England; oil, wine,
etc., and cheese, in regard of the hazard of bringing, etc., [ex-
cepted]. The evils which were springing/, ,-tc., wprr-T I. Mnnv
spent much time idly, etc., because t'..y could gei as much in
four days as would keep them a week. 2. Th^ey spent much
in tobacco and strong waters, etc., which was a great waste to
the commonwealth, which, by reason of so many pforeio-n|l
commodities expended, could not have subsisted to this time,
but that it was supplied by the cattle and corn, ^vhic•ll were sold
to new comers at very dear rates, viz., corn at six shillings the
bushel, a cow at i;oo,__y^.^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^.,^^ ^^^^^^ £-:?6, — a
!!<Ie.;rodi| Tmastersii f scarce |I

1 Earlier in the year, the flr.t vsateruuii h, the coluny had been erected in
Uorche^tor, by Stoiighton. See 1 Ili.t. Colh IX. 104.

1G33.1 jonx ^MNTirROP. 139

marc at £06, an cvre goat at 3 or £4 ; and yet many cattle
were every year brought out of l^nu^land, and some from Vir-
ginia. Soon after order was taken for prices of commodities,
viz., not to exceed the rate of four pence in the shilling above
the price in England, except cheese and liquors, etc.

The ministers in tiie bay and Sagus did meet, once a fort-
night, at one of tlieir houses by || course, || where some *-.-.„
question of moment w'as d. -bated. Mr. Skelton, the pas-
tor of Salem, and Mr. Williams, who was removed from Plira-
outh thither, (but not in any office, though he exercised by way
of prophecy,) took some exception against it, as fearing it
might grow "in time to a presbytery or superintendency, to the
prejudice of the churches' liberties. But this fear was without
cause ; for they were all clear in that point, that no church or
person can have power over another rhurch ; neither did they
in their meetings exercise any such jurisdiction, etc.-^
[L^irgc blank.]

News of the taking of Machias- by the P'rench. Mr. AUer-
ton of Plirnouth, and some others, had set up a trading wig-
wam there, and ||"]cft|| in it five men and store of commodi-
ties. I^a Tour,^ governour of the French in those parts, mak-
ing claim to the place, came to displant them, and, finding resist-
ance, killed two of the men, and carried away the other three,
and the goods.

[Large blank.]

Some differences fell out still, now and then, betvveen the

|[ commission II ||"''-"fii

^ By Emerson, in ITistorv of the First CIhutIi, this is considered as the origin
of the lloston Association of Congregational Ministers. He censures the
strange bittorness of Hubbard, 189, 190, on thi.s sul^ject.

^ Permaneut estabUsbment of settlers at that port was dtdaycd one hundred
and thirty yeai-s. See 1 Hist Coll. III. 144. Of this hostile ace, see Vol. 11.
125-7.

* Of this governour of Xo%n Scotia, to -whoTii a grant of the country had
been made by Sir "William Alexander, ."O April, 1630, as extracted from the
Suffolk Registry of Deeds, III. '2('i5, by Hazard, I. 307, and coniinned by Crom-
v.ell, August, li"'56, as in Hazard, I. 616, su'h perpetual mention will occur in
the progress of tliis History, that it may be necessary to ])rotnict this note no
flxrtlu.r than by reference, for wkit is not to Ix: found in our author, to Hutch-
inson, I. 127-135.

HO JOH^ WINTIIROP.

[1C33.

govcmonr and the deputy, which yet were soon healed. It k.id
been ordered in court, that alJ hands t^hould help to the iln.
ishing of thf fort at Boston, and all tlie towns in the bay
had gone once over, and most the second iime; but those of
Ne^v1;ow^ being warned, the deputy would not sulTer ttieni
to come, neither did acquaint the governour \^dth the ctiuse,
which was, for that Salem and Sagus had not brought in
money for their parts. The governour, hearing of it, wrote
friendly to him, showing him that the intent of the court wa?,
that the work should be done by those in the bay, and that,
after, the others should pay a proportionable sum for the
house, etc., which must be done by money; and therefore de-
sii-ed him that he would send in his neighbours. Upon this,
*iio ^Ir. Haynes and IMi-. Hooker came to the governour to
treat with him about' jf. and brought a Jetter from the dep-
uty full of bitterness and resolution not to t-end till Salem, etc.
The governour told them it shoid<l rest till the court, and Vv-ilhal
gave the ieirer to ?>Ir. ILjoker with this speech.: I am not will-
ing to kec]) such an occasio)i of provoe;ition by me. And
soon afier he wiote to the deputy (who had before desircl to
buy a fat liog or two of him, being somewhat short of provi-
sions) to de.-ire him to send for one, (which he would have
sent him, if he had known when his occasion had been to have
made use of it.) and to accept it as a testimony of his good vrill :
and, lest he shonid make any scruple of it, he made Mr. liaynes
and Mr. Hooker (who both sojourned in his house) partakers
with him. Upon this the dejuily retitrned this answer: - Your
overcoming vour.-clf h.ath o\ ■•rcomc me. Mr. Hayn(>s, ?i]r.
Hooker, and myself, do piost kindly accept your good will ;
but we desire, without offence, to refuse your otTer, and that
I may only trade with you for two hogs;" and so very lovingly
concluded. — The conrt being two cUiys afier, ordered, that
Newtown should do their work as others had done, and then
Salcm, etc., shondd pay for three days at eighteen pence a man--
11.] Thf congr«>gation of Boston met to take order for
I\Lr. Coitou's ji passage II and house, and his and Mr. Wilson's
maintenance. Mr. Cotton had disbursed eighty pounds for his -
jl ^passage, jl and tov/ards his house, which h-:^ would not have
''"■ ■' ■ ||pursage|| . [[-pursagejj

1633.] JOl^' Yr'jyTIIROP. Ill

again; so there ^v'as about <£ 00 raised (by volnntan* comribu-
tion) towards tiit- finiflrin;_{ of iiis houst-, and about £100 to-
wards the-r maintenance. At this meetin^^ there aro=c some
difference between the governom- and Air. Cottington, who
charged the governour, thai he took av.-ay the liberty of tlie
rest, because (at the request of tlie re^-t) he had named some
men to set out |j men's jj kuids, etc., which grew to some heat of
words ; but the next Lord's day they both, acknowledged openly
their faiHng, and deckired tliat they had been reconciJed the
next day.

[Large blank.]

26.] Mr. Wilson (by leave of the congregation of Boston,
whereof he was pastor) wcjit to Agawam to teach the people
of that plantation, because they had yet no minister. Whiles
lie was there, Decem.ber 4, there fell such a snow (!:nee do?p) tk-
he could not come back for [blank] days, and a boat^ wliieh
went thither, was frozen up in the river.^
|lministor's|j

1 Xobodv can pretend, 1 believe, tliat an equal severity of cold lias been
twice experienced, at so early a season, for the last lumdred years. The 4th of
December, corresponding to our 14th by correction of the stjde, very .seldom
witnesses, on the sea shore, more than three or four incl.es depth of sncw ; and
that -which falls before Cliristmas does not often lie longer than t^n-o days. The
frost, in the text, -ive should now think more remavkaliie than the snu.v; and
no boat has probably been frozen up in Ipswich harbour, by the middle of De-
cember, witliin the recollection of any inhabitiuit. There is distinct reference to
a degree of fu';t, in tlio year hotbre this, that '-liindeivd the malting reiidy " of
the e.xpeditioi! rgaii .-t I'.iill, the pit-ate, which, in t!ie pre.-;ent age, \\ou!'l b-- ex-
traordinary. In 1G.31 nothing is Siiid of the approach of winter, nor any men-
tion of the weather until 27 January. liiit the first autiium our author pa.<sed
here wa.s quite favorable ; for he reiviarks that, till the 24 December, or our 3
January, was, "for the most part, fair, open wevatlicr;" yet such severity of
" bitter frost and snow," as kept three servants in his boat, without victuals,
from 27 November to 1 December, (that is, by our reckuniug, from 7 to 11 De-
cen\ljer,) among tire islands of Boston harbour, and hnally comjicUed them to
run ashore in I'raintrec Bay, (see page 38,) would surprise us. Cold came on
oarher, it will be observed, in the year at'ter this, in tlic text ; and the' nsan
frozen in the snow, in Xovembcr, on rUnnb Island, would, in our days, be una-
ble to find credit for his tale. Xoveuiber, l'J35, ailbrds strong proof of severe
cold in ConiU'.ti'Tr, and Phmouth. Even 'Mr. Web-t-r ...honl.l have beeu struck
With tlie circumstance of the freezing of the Connecticut- so earl v as the 10 of that

143 JOIL\ WIN^TIIKOP. [1633.

♦iiQ December 5. j John Sagamore died of the small pox,
nnd almorit all his people; (abo\e thirty buried by Mr.
Maverick of Winesemett in one day). The towns in the bay
took auay many of the children ; but most of them died soon
after.

James Sag^unore of Sagus died also, and most of his folLs.

month, O. S., however be mi^^lit di -ro-xard the deep snow of the folio u'lug De-
cemlxT. Of the -winter of 103(5 Jiotliing is observed, and pei-haps "Wiuthrop
forgot the toinperaturc of the sky in the unnatural heat of the coutioversy
about gi-ace. The rigid season of the next year, we shall see, cojitinucd one
hundred and t'liily-nine days.

The opip.ion is general, but nor universal, that oar clunate is le->^i rigorous
than it vras known to be soon after the discovery of the country ; and -vve find
certainly the mildness of autumn is usually prolonged to the "svinter solstice.
But those ATho are slow to believe th-' improvenie'ir of temperature iu our sky,
overpowered ii;." the testimony that establishes the fact of retaixlation in the
advance of v.inter, discern some compensation, as they imagine, in the later
approach of sjn-ing. I am confident, howe.ver, that the complaint of backward-
ness in that season, though rendered common by the tenderness of valetudina-
rians, and the iiiipaf.ience of hr.<bandmen, is generally unjust. If the insLincos
of tliHt dui.-i'iMU of cold, in the v.-inter of 1641-2, when the ice was strong
enough to b.-ar many passengers together, from Pi;llen Point to Boston in a
straight line, on the. day con-csponding to our 27 February, continuing even to
3 March, and that great snow of 1614-5, which blocked up the roads three
•weeks in ^MHrch, and prevented the com-t from meeting in Boston, remaining on
the ground to 9 of April, N. S., be uudcrvahied in the estimate, n:: uncommon
cases, from which conclusions m'lV not safely be dedui' .J, — it maybe answered,
that modern wonders in the atmosj>herc are not greater, and that the experience
of "W'iuthrop being short, no greater portion of time than his should now be
assumed ior a parallel. In the ;ivituiur. of 1C1.'> the cold cam.? niul^^v than had
over been kr.r.wi., -o that thi:: grwi.d sea-on of tliat year was shortened at the
beginning and end. The aggregate, or mean, of observations for n:any years,
as given, nearly one huudi-ed and seventy years ago, by Hubbard, 20, is here
transcribed, in order that every reader may, eveiy season, do sometl-ing, by
observation of tb.e pha-nomena, in aid of the solution of so interesting a ques-
tion : " The frost hero usdh to visit the inhabitants so early in the winter, and
ordinar'dy taTr!(>3 so long before it takes its leave In the spring, tliat the ditlicuhy
of subsistence is much increased thereby ; for it co?;imo;i/^ begins to take pos-
session of the earth aliouithe middle of Xovember, (2J, X. S.) tbrl'lddinp iho
husbandmaji to meddk' tlicrewifh anymore, till the middle or end- of March
(2j .March, --C Apiil, X. S.) not being willing, till that time, to reslgii up it-^
jKjssession oi the hold it hath taken fur near two f.'ci below the r^iirfacc of the
earth."

On this subject. Avhii-h has of hue received much elucidation, an JOssny by an

I63r,.j JOHN n'r>:TnROP.

143

John Saganiore desired to hv bronglit among the English, (so
he |iu-as;||) and promised (if he recovered) to live wUh [ ,
the English ;md serve their God. He left one son, which he *^'"^^
disposed to Mr. Wilson, the pastor of Boston, to be brouijhtup
by him. He gave to the governour a good quantity- of ^Avarn-
pompeagne, and to divers others of the English he gave drifts,
and took order for the payment of his own debts and^his nfcn's!
He died in a persuasion tliat he should go to the Englishmen's
God. Divers of th.-m, in their sickness, confessed that the
Enghsimien's God v/as a good God; and tliat, if they recov-
ered, they would serve him.

It wrought much with them, that when their own people for-
sook them, yet the English came daily and ministered to them-
and yet few, ^nly two families,* took any 1| ^'infection !| by it
Among oihors, Mr. Maverick of ^^'uiesemett is wort'-- of *"
perpetuar^ remembraiicc. Himself, his wife, and savants,"
vrent daily to them, ministered to their necessities, and buried
then- dead, and took home many of tlieir children. So did
other of the neighbom-s.

This infectious disease spread to Pascataquack, where all
the Indians (except one or two) died.

One Cowper of Pascataquack, going to an island, upon the
Eord s day, to letch some suck to be drank at tlie great house,
he and a boy, coming back iu a canoe, (being botli cbunk,) „ ^,
^\ere driven to sea and never heard of after. ''^•^

At the same plantation, a company having made a fn-e at a
'^-^■^^^'' Pinstruptlonsll

anon^-raou. author, pubbshod nt Philadelplxia, IS09, .viU reward attentive peru-
sal Are^.ewof .t, by tl.o editor of tins .-ork, was pxinted in the Monthly
.V^Uho og3- IX. 25 Some year, before, a vety elaborate, but skeptical disser-
\oT w K ''" X ''f '" '^' Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, by
Aoah A\ ebster, Ksq, for which, and other ingenious labors, the IIterar^- public
^ more indebted 1o him than even for the first edition of this Ili.t'or!-. A
i^-arned and judicious examination of that tract, usually ascribed to Pro'te^sor
anar ot Cambrid;,e, may he seen in the General Repository, IV. 313.

I hat .Mavc-nck was not in full comuiunion with our churches, was not, we
-ay hope, the cause of striking a p.n thrn.gh this hon.,>ablo epithet. Xo man
^-n> better cr^.tled by his dr. ds to the characcor of a Christian. The MS
appears to testify that the n.utilatiou was not Wintlirop's

144 JOHN WINTtJROP. [lt;33.

tree, one of tlif^a said. Here lliis tree will fall, §and here v/ill I
iie;§ and iKCurdiiigLy it fell upon him and killed him.

It pleased the Lord to give special testimony of his presence
in the chmch of Boston, after Mr. Cotton was called to oflice
ttiere. ?.Ion; Asere converted and added to that chiirch, than to
all the other chiirches in the bay/ (or rather the lake, for so it
were more jj properly |j termed,- the bay being that part of sea
without b'Twcen the two capc<, Cape Cod and Cape Ann).
Divers profane and notorious evil persons came and confessed
tlieir sins, and were comforta]>ly received into the bosom of the
church. Yea, ihe liOrd gave witness to the exercise of proj^h-
eey, so as thereby some were converted, and others much ecU-
fi'^'^V Also, tlie Lord pleased greatly to blesis the practice of
discipline, wherein he gave the pastor, Mr. ^^'ilson, a singular
gift,'^ to t'te gi;>at benefit of the church.

After iniich deliberation and serious advice, the Lord directed
the teacher, JMr. Cotton, to make it clear by th*' scripture, that
tlie iriinister's maintenance, as well as all other charges of the
church, should be defrayed out of a jj -stock, jj or treasiuy,
which Vv us to be raised out of the w^eekly contribution ; which
accordingly v.'as f< greed ti})on.'* . •

|j|irincipally|j |j"^cliest|j

1 Tlubbard, If'U, -Nvho, -Nntb sufficient accunvc)', quotes bi-3 master, from wliom
a l-irL^e part of bi:; liistor}' is transcribed, enlar^res tbe expression to ••'all tbo
rest of the clmrcbes in tbe country." The reputation of Cotton needs no such
exatriTeratlon. Fr.'':u }•;-■ arrivol to ibis ti-no, that is, throe montb-^. I av-'s led by
curiosity to a-?'.-vi Lai u I'rom the Ib'iunls lb'.': prcci.-e nuuibv-r Intended by tn:-
text, and found tliirty-seven added lo the members of tb« church. The " i>ro-
fane and notorious evil persons " cannot Ixi distinguished in the list; but per-
haps, in several, the old disease broke out again. Temporal inducements ope-
rated t'X) stroujily to swell the company of commuuicanis.

2 The goveriiour tir.~t wrote, '• so it .-hall be termed bencefurth ; " but tb.e name
could not bo made popular in his day, and has never been thought of since.
Yet the situation resembles much those arms of the sea, called lochs b\ the
Scot.*, loughs by the Irish, and lagoons by the Spaniards.

3 Elder Leve;-ett, as -well as Wil-on, is, by Hubbard, lOo, blessed witti tliis
singular gift in " the priictiec of discipline." It certainly beli>nged to hi.-^ oilioe_.

* Cotton's arguments are lost, nvo may presume, tor the custom of raismg
the.-c charges of tlic ehurch, v.hici! Ma;; made so clear from the scrijituro, 1=
totally changed. Our fathers looked too nuich to a speci.il divine appointmcut

36C3.] JOHN WTNTIlllOP. 145

27.] The governoLii and a>sista nts met at Boston, and ».p.^
took into consideraiioii u treatise, which Mr. Williams
(then of Salem) had seiit to them, and which he had formerly
written to the governour and council of Plimouth, wdierein,
among other things, he disputes their right to the lands they
possessed here, and concluded that, claiming by the Icing's grant,
they could have no title, nor otherwise, except they compounded
with the natives. l"'or this, taking advice with some of the
most judicious ministers, (who much condemned r\Ir. Williams's
error and presumption,) they gave order, that he should be con-
vented at the next court, to be censured, etc. There were three
passages chiefly whereat they were much offended : 1, for that
he chaigeth King James to have told a solemn public lie,
because in his patent he blessed God that he was the first
Christian ]mnce that had discovered this land : 2, for that he
chargetb him and others with blasphemy for calling Em-ope
Ciu-istcndom, or the |j Christian j] world : 3, for that he did per-
sonally ap})Iy to our present king, Chorles, tlicse three places in
the Revelations, viz., [l)kink.] ^

INIr. Endecott being absent, the governour wrote to him to
■ let him know what was done, and withal added divers argu-

\ ments to confute the said errors, vidshing liim to deal with Mr..

I Williams to retract the same, etc. AVlicreto he returned a very

I modest and discreet answer. Mr. AYiHiams also wrote to the

^ governour, and also to him and the rest of the council, very

* submissively, professing his intent to have been only to have
I written for the private satisfaction of ilie |j -governour jj etc., of

" |!('hur'--li|| Ij'geni-kmenij

i .

^ in their manngement of secuhir concerns, often forgetting that reason was no-

I lets the gift of God, than the ritual of Moses, and that a different state e-^dsted

t in the church, from that which the apostles were compelled, by circumstances,

* Jiot led by insjMration. to adopt.

I J Perhaps the same expressions, by another, would have given less oflencc.

* From ^VIlliams they were not at first received in the mildest, or even the most
I natural sense ; though furth.er rell'.-ction .satisfied the magistrates, that his were
I not dangerous. The passages from the Apocalj-pse were probably not rpplied
^ to tlie liouor of the king; and I regret, therefore, that Winthrop did not p/re-
I s<_TVo them. No complaint of sugh indiscretion would have been expressed ten
\ yt'-'irs later, when the mother country far outran the colony in these perversioa*
I of scripture.

! VOL. I. 13

146

JOIIN WrNTHPvOP. [1633.

Piirr oLitb. without pmj purpose to have stirred any further in it
if the governour llhere|i had not required a copy of liim;
u-ithal offering his book, or any part of it, to be burnt.

At the next court he appeared \i'pcnifentli/l and gave satis-
faction of his intention and irioyaltyi]. So it was left, and
nothing done in it. , ^ , o^

Jari'-iary 21.] N^nvs came from Plimouth, that Capt. Stone,
^vho this last summer went out of the bay or lake, and so to
»,... Aquamenticus, where he took in Capt. Norton, puttmg
in at the mouth of Connecticut, in his way to Virgmia,
where the Pequins inhabit, was there cut off by them, wdth all
his company, being eight.^ The manner was thus : *Three of
his nien, bemg gone ashore to kill fowl, were cut off. Then the
sachem, vnth some of his men, came aboard, and staid with
Capt. Sione in his cabin, till Capt. Stone (being alone with
him) feU on sleep. Then he knocked him on the head, and aU
the rest of the English being in the cook's room, the Indians
toolc such pieces as they found there ready charged, and bent
them ot the English; whereupon one took a piece, and by acci-
dent gave fire to the powder, which blew up the deck ; but most
of thJ Indians, perceiving what they went about, shitted over-
board and after they returned, and kiUed such as remained,
and burned the pinnace. We agreed to .^-rite to the govern-
our of Virginia, (because Stone was one of that colony,) to
move liim to revenge it, and upon his answer to take ftuihcr

counsel.*'^ ., ,

20.1 I 'all and the two otheis, who v.-ent to (^onnectictn
November 3, came now home, having lost them.. Ives and en-
dured much misery. They \\ ^informed H us, that the small pojc
was gone as far as any Indian plantation was known to the
Sthercjl r^privatelyll VpM fassuredll

1 It M-as first written ten or twelve. _ ._^

a A pon has been ilrawu diagonally across this narrative in the Mb. ; au^i •
thcmarnnUns direction is given, "See after, November 6, 16 •'^4." But it u'
evident/that this ii not superseded by tliat relation, in fulness of detail at l^a-« -
V/hcthrr the first story vcro desigred \o be stigmatized as loss credible t...u^
the. other, when neither could come from the innocent, is leil to the judg.uL..-
of the reader. Both are worth preserving.

f J()3o.] .TORN WRsTUEOP. 147

t -^ye^t, and much people dead of it, by reason whereof they

I could have no trade.

t At Naragansett, by the ladians' report, there died seven hun-

I dred; but, beyond Pascataquack, none to the eastward.

* 24.] The governoiir and council met again at Boston, to
i consider of Mr. Williams's letter, etc., when, wdth the advice
' of ]Mr. Cotton and Mr. Wilson, and weighing his letter, and
I further considering of the aforesaid oiTensive passages in his
' book, (which, being written in very obscure and implicative
I phrases, might well admit of doubtful interpretation,) they
^ found the matters not to be so evil as at first they seemed.
I Whereupon they agi-eed, that, upon his retractation, etc., or
^ tnkiiig an oath of allegiance to the king, etc., it should be
I passed over. .

i [Very largo ulank.]

f An Englishman of Sacoe, travelling into the countrr *^.-,^

^ to trade, was killed by the Indians.

I [^'^^"7 l^'vrgc blank.]

I 80.] John Scales, who ran from his master to the Indians,

f came |j home || again. He was at a place tw^elve miles off,

I where were seven Indians, whereof four died of the pox while

I he was there.

i [Large blank.]

! Februar}'- 1.] Mr. Cradock's house at Marblehead was burnt

I down about midnight before, there being then in it Mr. Allcr-

i ton, and many fishermen, whom he employed that season, who

f all wcrL' preserved by a special providence of C;«od, w^ih most

I of his goods therein, by a tailor, who sate up that night at

^ work in the house, and, hearing a noise, looked out and saw the

j house on fire above the oven in the tliatch.

* This winter was very mild, little wind, and most S. and S.
I W. but II -oft II snows, and great. One snow, the loth of this
I month, was near t\\'o feet deep all over.

I [Large blank.]

! Such of the Indians' children as were left were taken by the

I rMiglish, most whereof did die of ihe pox soon after, three

i Oiily remaining, where(.)f one, which tlie governour kcj>t, was

I '. lihereil .,■,., ,. ^ ^.,.. ., . Paflerii

? ■
I

14 S JOIIN ^MXTIIROP. j-l(5^33

called Know-God, (the Indians' ut ual answer being, wlien th^y
were put in miud of God, Me no know God).
[Large ])lank.]

2.2. ] The grampus ^ came up towards Charlestown {] against \\
the tide of ebb.

[Large blank.]

*Tlii3 season Mr. AJlerton fished with eight boats at "She-
hie Harbour.*

[Large blank.]

By this time scvenleen fishing ships were come to Richman's
Isle and the Isles of Shoals.

March 4.] By order of court a mercate was erected at

Bo-to)i, to be kept upon Thursday, the fifth day of the week,

being the lecture day. Samuel Cole- set up the first house for

^^2:j common entertainment, and John Cogan," merchant, the

first shop.

Upon otTer of some new comers to give liberally towards the
building of a galley for defence of the bay, and upon consul-
tation with divers experienced seamen and others, it was thought
fitter for our condition to build a vessel forty feet in length,
and twenty-one in breadth, to be |] -minion || proof, and the up-
per deck musket proof, to have one sail, and to carry whole
culverin and other small pieces, eight in all. This was found
to be so chargeable, and so long time ere it could be finished,
that it was given over.

IJbyll Ipcannonj!

1 Here some may muigine, as the fonuor editor certainly diJ, that the
name of a ship I.s intended; but to mc it seems evident, that the author de-
signed only to remark the early arrival of that species of fish in our shoal
"Raters.

- From his being so early a member of the church, ITo. 42, and his -wife, Ann,
•who died no long time after arrival, standing next, I conclude they came over
•with "\A'inthrup. His will, dated '21 D..-eember, 1C66, was pn.ved in the follow-
ing February.

8 Thi? gentleman, who died in loJS, spelt his name with a double g. lie left
a good estate, of whieh five hundred acres In IVoburn is valued in the inven-
tory at ten pounds. From the Boston ricconis it appears, he was married, for
the secoiid time, as bis former wife, Ann, Is named in the Church Record of
July, 1(J31, to Tdrs. ^Martha Winthrop, undoubtedly the widov,' of the author of
this History, ou 10 March, 1G51, by Gov. Juhn Endecott

10-33.] JOHN IVINTIIROP. 149

At. this coiirt all swaraps, above one hundred acres, were
made common, etc. AJso Robert Cole, having been oft pua-
ished for drunkenness, was now ordered to wear a red D about
his neck for a year.

[Blank.]

7.] At the lecture at Boston a question was propounded
about veils. jNIr. Cotton concluded, that where (by the cus-
tom of the place) they were not a sign of }[ the women's sub-
jection, ]j they were not command('d by the apostle. Mr. En-
decott opposed, and did maintain it by the general arguments
brought by the apostle.^ After some debate, the governour,
perceiving it to gi'ow to some earnestness, interposed, and so it
brake off.

[Large blank.]

Among otlicr testimonies of the Lord's gracious presence
with his own ordinances, there was a youth of fourteen years
of age (being the son of one of the magistrates) so wTOught
upon by the ministry of the word, as, for divers months, he
was held under such alTliction of mind, as he could not be
brought to apprehend any comfort in God, being much humbled
and broken for his sins, (though he had been a dutiful child,
and not given up to the lusts of youth.) and especially for his
blasphemous and wicked thoughts, whereby Satan buffeted him,
fo as he went mourning and languishing daily; yet, at- ,-..-)p
tending to the means, and not giving over prayer, and
seeking counsel, etc., he came at length to be freed from his
temptations, and to find comfort in God's promises, and so, be-
ing received into the congregation, upon good proof of his un-
derstanding in the things of God, he went, on cheerfully in a
Christian course, falling daily to labor, as a servant, and as a
younger brother of his did, who was no whit short of him in the
knowledge of God's will, though his youth kept him from dar-
II a wouKiTi's sobriety Jl

^ Tn this opinioa Ein ■•■cott had bcoti in.tructcd by "WlUijun?, vrhose scru|)U" on
thi3 subject is ridiculed by Hubbard, 204, 5. That historian makes CoSion
pre.ich a senno-i at Salem one Sunday mnrriinj, which so eulightoued the ii\-o-
tiien, tliat " they .•ij-'^^cared in the afternoon without their veils."

13*

'XSO JOHN TMNTHROP. n63.3.

ing to oiTer himself to tht' congregation.^ — Upon this occasion

1 Co^ijecturc -iTouul confidently apply this anecdote to tlie writerV q-ut family;
for such niiiiuio relation could only be expected ftom a party. The " vounTcr
brother " Avu?, no doubt, Dcano, born ^March, 16-J2-3. Stephen, the C'-ivern-
our's son, chieliy alluded to in the text, was, on 16 of this 'month, received as a
member of the church. By Ins wile, Judith, he had, as I learn from Boston
Records, two children, Stephen, born 7 Kovem1)er, 1C44, and John, 24 May,
16 ;o. They, probably, both died youn^. lie went to England, as will be seen
in the sequel of th.is History, either in the latter part of 1645, or in 164G,
•vs hence he did not return, I believe, but for a short period. I find a power of
attorney from him to his brotiier John, 20 July, 1653, and a deed of 2S Pebru-
ary, 1654-5, both executed here. He had before been a. deputy, and was ex-
posed in Engl md to suit, because lu; had been reconhr of a couii, which "ave
an unsatisfactory judgment in the case of Alderman Berkley. In England he
got forward in military and political life. He conmianded a regiment, was a
:mf;mb<^'r o^ j,r>rli;imeut in 01i-ver*s tJGit>, for Scot.!ai.bd. as !by letter of Gec-v^'^
Monk, SO August, 1656, in Thurloe's State Papers, V. S6:u, appear.-;; and, being
a gentleman cf sobriety, was uniclx trusted by the protector. Kegcr Williams,
in a letter to Gov. John of Conui ■•■ticut, 21 February, 1655-6, givt^s him tiio
news from England, " Your br'^tlier succeeds Majrr General Harrison." This
was the exquisite enthusiast, A\ho troubled Cromwell so much with his antici-
pation of a kingdom of tro sainis, as to require his imprisonment. He died
early; fir in oiir Registry of Deeds is one of 20 ?klay, 1659, to John Leverett,
from Judith in England, therein styled " rehct of Stephen Winthrop."

I had supposed, when I wrote the note for his brother John, that, thr- roy;il
gratitude had becTi expressed to Stephen for assisting the preparation for ilio
gnat change of 1660, knowing his influence so short a time before tlu; rcs-
.toration, and iherctbre postpon-'d to this place the introduction of the foUov/ing
curiosity : —

Lcfl<:r nf Kinj (!]■ orient J I. to

BnusSKi.LKS, 6 or 8 A.pnl, 1G60.
I HAVE SO ^•;ood intornration of the many good offices you have done for
me, that I cannot duubt but you will contiuTic the same atfection, till you
have perfected the work you have liegun, which, you may be most assured,
will be accouipanied with such an acknowledgment trom me, that all tiio
■world shall take notice of the sense I have of your kindness, and how great
an instrument you have been in promoting the happiness of your country. I
have no more to ask of you, but to proceed in the same way aJid method
your own understanding suggests to you, and that you will believe I will
always be

Your afectionate friend,

CHARLES R.

The forceoing is folded in the oommoTi Ftvlc cf lettorj, but not superscribe^,

16-^3.] JOIIN ^INTrniOR 15X

,j.-5-, it is not impcitinent (though no credit nor regard be to
be !md of dreums in thesr doys) to report a dream, which
the father of these children had at the same time, viz., tlial,
coming into his chnmber, he found his Vv'ife (she was a very gra-
cious woman) in bed, and three or four of their children Iving
by her. with most sweet and smiling countenances, with crowns
upon their heads, and *blue ribbons about their leaves.* When
he awaked, he told his wdfe his dream, and made this interpre-
tation of it, that God would take of her children to make them
fellow hens with Clu-ist in his kingdom.
[Large biaiik.]
Sntan bestln-ed litmsclf to hinder the progress of the gospel,
as, among other practices, appeared by this r^ He stirred up a
spirit of jealousy between iMr. James, the pastor of Charlton,
and many of his people, .so as jVfr. Nowell, and some others,
who had been dismissed from Boston, began to question their
faet of breaking from Boston, and it grew to such a principle
of consejrnce amojig them, as the advice of th.- other ministers
was taken in it, who, tificr two meetings_, could not agree about
their continuance or return.

y [Large blank.]

though it bears the loyal s;_net on its wnx. It has been since labelled, '- Regis
Anglia- Epistoli," ami in auv^ther place, by a diflerent hand, '• King Charles IL
Letter to Gov. "^Vinthrnp." This letter, ^vliieh is wholly in the king's hand-
VTiring, has bceji pre-'rved in the AVinthrop family; but, the envelope being
lost, it cannot be hvnvn to -whom the honor was adtb-essed. I once presumed it
"was to John, the governour of ConneeticMt. ]>nt he had not K'en al'sent from
Keii^- England. The ri._\al antograjjh may ha-.e been given to h:m b> a iVier.d ;
for that liis majesty addressed it to him, is beyond any appearance of proba-
bility. It is much regretted by me", that liancroft too easily followed my pre-
sumption. Monk, afterwards rewarded as Duko of Albemarle, would, probably,
have the best claim to the epis.do ; yet in England there were many others, at
that day, justly entitled to similar testimonials.

^ It is to be regretted, ihat any jealousy arose in the infant church of Charles-
town ; yet if Xowell and others doubted the propriety of their sepjiratlon from
the brcthi-eu of Boston, we may ascribe thoir dissatisfaction to fmding their
justor to be a man of less useful talents or amiable temper tluui hail been ex-
pected. Fev; in the present age would attribute such a n\isfortunc to the
ageu.^y of Satan, who has been, sa} s Jortin, '• charged with many things, which
I'crha[>s Lo nover did." But in our indietmvnts for capital odcnces, we retained,
until very recently, the absurd allegation, "being moved and s-i-ducod by the
»iisfig:uion of the devil."

152 -Toim wrs^TTiKOF. [I634.

One jNfr. Morris,^ ciisic^ii to Capt. Uiiderhil], taking somti dis-
*I2R ^'-^*^' i'' ^i^-'? ollif'--, r-^iuf^strd ilu^ ii:agistrates, t1iat lie. might
be discharged of ir, and so was, vhereby he gave oiTenee
to the eongregatiou of Boston, so as, being questioned and con-
vinced of tiin in forsaking his calling, lie did acknowledge his
fault, and, at the reqaest of the people, was by the magistrates
chosen lieutenant to the same company, for he was a ver}' stout
man and an experienced soldier.

April 1.] Order was taken for ministering an oath to all
house keepers and sojourners, being twenty years of age and
not freemen, ajid for making a survey of the houses and lands
of all freemen.

Notice being sent out |{of|l the general court to be held the
14th day of the third month, called INIay, the freemen cieputed
two of e-jch town to meet and consider of such matters as they
were to talce order in at the same general court; wh.o, having
met, desired a sight of the patent, and, conceiving thereby that
all their laws should bo ir.zide at the gciieral court, repaired to
the govcr.'iour to advi.-e with him about it, and about the abro-
gating of some orders formerly made, as for killing of swine

I to II

^ Ri'.'luinl Morri.s -was a ji.^rson of some con^eijiience in the colony, ami prob-
ably accompanied Wintlirop iu the ileefc; for he and his wife early became
members of the Boston church, being Xos. Ci ami 5. lie '^as in the niilitary

service, -when a body of nien, or at least of ofiicers, ^ras kept in ]>ay, in 1G;V2 |

and 3, as appears from the original account of "William Pynchou, the treasurer, |

and because a deputy in the gCTieial court of March, lfl35-6, I pre-nme from I

Ia)\!;ury. Iv.iug uuhar>j.;iy o';" t!'at party in rt.hgion, -which fs^crcl Wheel- |

■n-right and liis sistei", Mrs. Hutchinson, he signed the petition in favor of the i

preacher, about which great c<introversy arose a few years after; atid the legis- I

lature, 20 Xoveraber, 1037, had ordered liim, with the other dangerous schisuiat- s

icks, to lie disarmed, as in llie liistory of that time ■will appear. On 6 Septera- *

bcr of next year, Col. llec, I. 227, informs us, " Lieut. Morris had leave to de- 2

part, (liaving olTended in subscribing the petition or remonstrance,) being 1

advised to forbear mediUing with our people iu the matters of oj)inIon, least J

they be farther dealt with ; and was advised not to sit down witinn our limits, ]

and was wished to warn the rest not to sit down within our limits." From this |

baniihmeut, so gently expre^sed, for signing a memorial to the court eighteen \

months before, I know not that he returned. His retreat was Exeter, vdicro, |

■with many of his pcrsecuied brerhren, h(\ fjimed the association, 4 October, |

1639, which is preserved in Hazard, I. 463. I

10'?,U JOHN ^yIN'JlIIlOF. 153

in corn, rfc. 11^ told them, tlirit, \:hcn the potunt was granted,
the number of fiecmen \vas snj^posed to be (as in like corpora-
tions) so few, as ihey might well join in making laws; but now
Ihey were grown to so great n body, us it was not possible for
tliem to make or execute law:;, but they must choose others for
that purpose: and that howsoever it would be necessary
hereafter to have a select company to intend that work, yet
for the present they were not fiirnislied with a suiticient number
of men qualified for such a business, neither could the com-
monwealth bear the loss of lime of so many as must intend it
Yet this they might do at present, viz., they might, at the gen-
eral court, make an order, that, once in the year, a certain num-
ber should be appointed (upon summons from the governour)
to revise all lavs's, etc., and to reform what they found ^.^q
amiss therein ; biit not to ma];c any new laws, but prefer
their grievances io the court of as.-istants; and ihat no assess-
ment should be laid upon the country without the consent of
such a committee, nor any lands disposed of.^

1 Xo country on eavlh can afford Vv.; portl-ct historv of any event more iiitcr-
e-:tiLi;i to its own inliabitauts than tl;:iL which is here relateil. "Wiuthrop se.ms
to have spoken like au absolute sovei-eign, designing to gi-ant a favor to his sub-
jects, by admitting them to a representation at court. Such was the origin of
most of the a?sen\blies, in other nations, of delegates of the people, by •ivhom
some iuiJuence of the nuij.^ri'y is in:part"d to the govei'nment. The eii.'ir'j;<3-
iTidnt of this kind of civil liberty to that perfect measure, enjoyed in Great
Britain and our country, may be traced, with tolerable distinctness, for about
fivii hundred \enrs; but its i ommencenient is very dimly dlscn-ncd throi'gh the
Jir.-ts of antiquit\. A long controversy un tl^.e origin of pavliiunents is indeed
now at an end; but it triminated with a general acquiescence in that opinion,
which as.-igned tluMr beginning to ueaj-ly the same motives as cur general courts
of d'jputies.

A natural inquiry ari>js, what induced this concert among the several towns
tOFond deputies, or why tlie notick uiLnlioncd in the text was given? Since
nothing can be found in the Records, previous to this meeting of the deputies,
the answer must be left to conjecture ; and perhaps no conjecture can be moi-e
^ilisfacton.-, than that the as'^istants were Ixicome weary of tb.e exercise of all
iho powt-rs of government, and desired others to participate in the responsibi!-
i'y. For this, howe\er cautious the language of our author, it appears to me
Very ( vidently designed, 'j'he very humble powers, he prc;tK'sed tliat the rin>-
rexMUativc should nceive from his consutuent, it is hardlj ni;.-fs?ary to r-.ild,
■'vcre immediately transcended ; and tlie assembly, as it ought, was ever after-

154 JOII^' AVENTIiROR [ICai.

,...-, 3.] TIic govcrnoiir went on foot to Agawam, and V.o-
cause the people there wanted a minister, spent the Sab-

v.ards Lv iLso.lt" thought competent to tlie enaction of any regiilatlou for the
public -vTeliare.

It seems proper to transcribe here the earliest mention in our Colony lloi--
ords, I. 115, of any representation, other than that to rai>e a public stock, of
■vvhich ample notice Is heretofore taken, in pages 70, 7G : "It was further or-
dered, that it shall bo l.^v.-ful for the freemen of every plantation to choose two
or three of each toAvn, before every general court, to confer of and prepare
such public business a-: by them shall be thought fit to consider of at the n.-xt
general court ; and that such persons as shall be hereafter so deputed by the
freemen of [the] several plantations, to deal in their behalf in the public affairs
of tLi- commonwealth, shall have the full power and voice of all the said free-
men derived to them for the malving and estiiblishing of laws, granting cf lands,
etc., p.vd ti'deal in :;!! other a'Tairs of the corrinionwealrh, whertin the ireeiDOC
have to do, the matter of election of magisti-ates and other officers only ex-
cepted, wherein (very freeman is to give Us own voice." This is one of the
first arts of the rcprosentatives.

The proceedings of t'lis Jirst general, court of delegates, 14 ISIay, 1634, begin
on tlie preceding page, in the margin of which are the names of twenty-fnur
per^oii.■:, who va-re, T liave no doubt, d.:puties from only eight towns, being not
hro, as the text has it, but three for each town. As the occasion is so intt-rest-
ing, it may be agreeable to the reader to liave here inserted the names of the
KiKSi representatives of Massachusetts, in the same onler as in the Record:
"Mi:. Goouwix, 'Mil. SrEXCEn, Mr. Taicott; Mr. Feakes, Mr. Browx,
JMu. O'-airam; Mi:. j>keoiiei{, Mji. Palmer, Robert ISrouLXOx ; Mr..
Coxj;Ar.L, Edmont) Qli.nsey, Capt. Johx Uxperhill; Joiix Jonxsox,
William HEAxa, ]N[n. Alcock : Mn. Israel Stougutox, "William
Feli'es, George Hull; Caft. Tcrxer, Mr. AVillis, Mr. Edwakd
ToMLixs: jSHi. 1Igig;'avt, My:. Coxaxt, Fraxcis V'estox." The fir;;'.
three' were of Newtuwn ; the others of Watertown, Charlestown, Boston, 11)"^^-
liury, Dorchester, Sagus, and Salem, in cijual numbei-s, according to this ordur.
But, in tliis assIgnmcTit of the individutils to the several towns, I have follov.-i d
luy own judgment ; in making up which, the most patient incjuiry was rewarded,
for all but two or three, with perfect certainty. Xo specufivatlon of the plae-s.
from which the depuiivs came, is inserted, for many years, in the margin of tlu'
volume, wherein their n.inu's are contained.

Having taken a •••'py of the names of members in the first tn'cnfjj-fico court.-,
I may add, that the ]>!ai-cs in the lists are filled without regard to raiik of th-.'
pei-sou, or age of the town. HIngham stanib at the top as often as Salem; a"'-
those of the s.une town are liot always written next to each other, though, .-o
much regularity is ci-nmi'-.nly found.. lYrhai)'^ tliey wore often entered by t'lC
se.retary, as they came in to take their svats. At the courts in May, Septeir.-
bcr, and November, lGo7, all the Bo.-.ton members are n;>m.-d last. This, I p"'-"

IQ3I.] .lonx AvrsTPir.oP. 155

bath vv'ilh thorn, and exercised by way of prophecy, and rc-
tunied home the 10th.

20.] John CoggeshalV gentleman, being dismissed from the
church of Ko'cbviry to Boston, though lie were well known and
approved of the church, yet was not received but by con- *^^^ \

fcssion of his faith, etc.

[Vei')- large blank.]

May 3.] News cami^ of the death of Hockin and the
Plimouth man at Kenebeck, (and of the arrival of tlie ship at
Pemaquid, which brought thirty passengers for this place).

The occasion of the death of tho-e men at Kenebeck was

suiDe, was a punislirQeat of iLelr heresy, and regret, that It was not tlie only
pun'-hment.

The uintli to'.vn, that sent deputies, was Tpswieli, on 4 ]\Lirch next; and the
ridit was extend::>d to "Weymouth at the court, 2 September following. Hing-
h-an member:^ appear 25 ]SIay, lt.36. In Sepfomber nfter one from Nowb-vry
is found among the represcutnih e^ ; and in i\pi'Il following Concord has a
place.

* Tills creutleman was of high consideration, rO])rcscnted Boston in the first,
?.cond, tJiird, sI.xLh, seventh, eighth, and ninth courts, iu the Eecon.ls of whicli
his name i* s*>mctimes vnritten by the secrctarj', as it was probably pronounced,
Coxcall. He was elected for the tweltth, but, with Aspinwall, as wo find, Col.
ll.'o. I. 202, " affiniiing that Mi-. "Wheelwright is innocent, and that he was perse-
cuted for the truth, was in like sort dismissed from being a member of the court,
a^d order was given for t'vo new dopuiios to be chosen by the town of Boston."
I'erhaps the ceremony, mentioned in the text, would have been dispensed with
for himself; but his wife and a maid servant, Ann Shelley, wore received, at
the same tiiv.e, from tlie neighboring church, as I lonra from the llecordi of our
C'un. jn gjnend, commnnicraits fnun ether ohur.;l-es were received, in c'-rly
times, with the same liberality as now prevails. At the saiue court from which
he was expelled, 1^ November, 163 7,"" being convcnted for disturbing the pub-
lic peace," ho '' was distranchised, and enjoined not to speak any thing to dis-
turb the public peace, upon palri ot" banishment." He was exiled in March
following, and retired with his blameless associates to Khode Island, which they
had just before purchased from the natives. In that peaceable settlement he
became an assistant, and, in lt;;t7, jiresided over the colony with a spirit of hete-
rodox charity. See Caliendor, 30, •12. His son I pi-csumc to be the clerk o^
the general Jissembly of that colony iu 1676. 2 Hist. Coll. "\TI. 112. Descend-
ants in a right line remain to this day. In 1817 one was a represent.itive in
MasNichusetts from Somei-set, bordering on the strite of Khode Isia.id ; and,
fn.n\ Fome neicr'hlormg ports, several masters of shii);: of this nanie have oi hte
years been uotioed.

156 ' JOHN WINTIIROP ng3|

this : The Pliinoiith rncii had a grant, from the grand patentee?
of New England, of Kex-cbeok, with liberty of sole, trade, etc.
The s;dd Ilocldn eame in a pinnace, beloiiging to the Lord Say
and Lord Brook at Tascataquaek, to trade at Kcnebeck. Two
of the magistrates ||of|| Plimouth, being there, forbad him ; yet
he went up the river ; and, because he would not come down
again, they sent three men in a canoe to cut his cabins. Ilav-
ing cut one, Hockin present-'d a piece, and sware he woidd
kill him that went to cut the other.' They |j- bad |j him do if
he dur?t, and went on to cut it. Thereupon he killed one of
them, anrl instantly one in the Plimouth pinnace (wiiich rode
by them, and wherein five or six men stood wdth their pieces
ready charged) shot and killed Hockin.

15.j At the general court at lioston, upon the co7uplaint of
akinsmtui of the s',id Jloekin, John xVlden,^ one of the said
magistrates of Plimouth, who was present when K^ckin \vas
slain, being tlien at Boston, was called and bound with sujeties
not to depart, out of our jmisdiction without leave jj "had ; !j and
withal Wf wrote to Plimouth to certify them what \ve had done,
and to know whether they would do justice in the cause, (as
belonging to their jurisdiction,) and to have a speedy answer,
etc. ^'his we did, that notice might be taken, thut we did dis-
avow thf^ said action, which w^as much condemned of all men,
and Vvdiich was feared would give occasion to the king to send
a general governour over; and besides had brought u? all and
the gospel under a common reproach of cutting^oiie another's
throats for beaver."

[Rlriuk.]
\M l|-told|i |[3ete.||

1 Walo tbo MemorL-.l of riimoutli Colony survives, the nauic of AUeii, a
brief account of whom is found in Kliot and Ailcu, cannot be forgotter-. :\ranv-
of lus descendants are in honorable place ia various parts of the Suited St^-ite.',
of whom one was an indefatible antiquary, the president of a college at Mead-
viUe in lV>nn.sylvania, to whose Collection of Epitaphs many acknrnvh-d-mont.s
are due. The ancestor and his gLiicalosical series, down to ihe present a-e, are
found in Vol. 111. 26.1-27 L

3 Bradlbrd-s rehtlon is a IJtle more fuU ; and, as he was a patentee, the reader
wUl find, with pleasuns (hit his pen was guided by truth, as well as interest.
Sec App..ndix to lluichluson, II. .174-5.. A httlc thrthcr onward in thi.s Ili.s-
tory, more will be found on the same subject.

IQM.] THOMAS PUDLET. 157

By this time the fort at Boston was in defence, and tli- ,. ^^
vers picr-.es of ordnaiK ■■■ laonnted in it.
[Large blnnk.]
Tho:re of Newiown complained of straitness for Yvani of
land, ej^'jocjrdly meadow, and desired leave of the |] court j| to
look out cither for enlargement or rcnioval, which was granted ;
whereupon they sent men to see Agawam and jMeriinaek, and
gave out they would remove, etc.

[Large blank.]

14.] At tlie general court, INIr. Cotton preached, and deliv-
ered ihii doctrine, that a magistrate ought not to be turned into
the condition of a private mian without just cause, and to be
publicly convict, no more than the magistrates may not turn
a private man out of his freehold, etc., without like public trial,
etc This falling in question in the court, and the opinion of
the rest of the ministers beuig asked, it was referred to further
consideration.-'

The court chose a now governoiu-,^ viz., Thomias Dudley, Esq.,
the former deputy ; and l\Ir. Ludlow was chosen deputy ; and
John Haines, Esq., an assistant, and all the rest of the assist-
ants chosen again.

At this court it was ordered, tliat four general cotirts should
ke kept every year, and that the whole body of the freemen
should be present only at the court of election of magistrates,
etc., and that, at the other three, every town should send their
deputies, who should assist in making laws, disposing lands,
etc.* Many good ord-rs Vv'cre made thio court. It held three
(I council jl

' Expedieiicy should bavo k' of Cotton i-ilent; for tlic. people are more likelj
to become jealous, vben such a principle is preached, than -when it is put in.
practice. The reverend teacher took his freeman's oath at this court, and had
not sufficient cxjericnco in the atlalrs of the country- to authorize so stron;,' an
expression of liis opinion, uule?ri he believed liim<elf directed from on h.igh.
Any of his fi-icnds could have led him to douLt the suggestion, however,
}>ad he pi.-tendcd such ; but he was delivering a sincere opinion of Lis owm
forming.

- C//fw.u h)/ papers, is wTittcn in the margin of our MS.

' jl//-. Cotlinglon chosen treasurer, is in the margin.

VOL. I. 14

JoS THOMAS DUDLEY.

[163-1.

days, and all ihJMi^s were carried very peaceably, nohvithstand-
ing that some of the assistants were questioned by the freemen
for some errors in their government, and some fmes imposed,
but remitted again before the court brake up. The court was
kept in the meeting-house at Boston, *and the new governour
and the assistants loere together enlertaiyied at the house of the
C'kl governonr, a;- 1)efore.*

•jl^o^ The week the court was, there came in six ships, with
store of passt-ngers and cattle.
[Largo Ijlank.]

]Mr. Parker,^ a minister, and a company with him, being
aboiTt one hundred, went to sit down at Agawam, and divers
others of the new cor ters.

[Very large blank.]

One [blank,] -a godly minister, upon conscience of liis oath
and care of the commonwealth, discovered to the magistrates
some seditious speeches of his own son, delivered in private to
himself; but the court thought not fit to call the party in
question then, l)eing loath to have the father come in as a
public accuser of his own son, but rather desired to find other
matter, or other v-niness against him.

34.] Mj. Flfming, master of a ship of Barnstable, went
hejtce to the eastward to cut masts there, and so to retiu-n to
England. There returned with him Ensign Motham and
a no tiler. ...,,.-.

[Large blank.]

1 Of Thomas Park(r, a learned theologian, pupil of the great Archbishop
Usher, liaving ]>as¥e(l a ?!iort time at jSlagtlaleu College, Oxford, notice will
often arise in the progro.-s of tlii3 work. lie finished his preparation for the
pulpit at Leyden, and had a school at Newbiny in Berkshire, where also ho
preached ; was a barh-lor, but stood in place of a father to many divines of the
succeeding generatii-n. One -who desires to know more of him, may consult
HubbanMf);}, the Magnalia, Eliot, Allen, 1 Hist. CoU. YL 273, and IX. 4S,
and Brooks's Lives of the Puritans. An error may be corrected in a note to
Jimcs Parker's letter, in Hutch. Coll. \ob, where it is supposed, '■'■he was n/Vr-
vardi one of the ministers of Newbury," which was the place of usefulness
a.'^sigued to our Thomas. Jnnie=» had prroched at Portsmouth Icfore going to
Barbados. 1 Hist Cull. X. 39. P^cv. James Noyes and his brother Xichobs,
came with Parker. They were Lia cousins.

.'_ -..^::■ ;.f ^Id U'^C [.y.. \>

1634.] TIIOAfAS DUDLEY. 159

These ships, by reason of their short passage, had store of
provisions left, which they put off at easy rates, viz. biscuit at
20s. the hundred ; beef at e£6 the hogshead, etc.
[Blank.]

Newtown men, being straitened for ground, sent some to
Merimack to find a fit place to transplant themselves.
[Blank.]

June 1.] The 1 hunder, v/hich went to Bermuda th-3 17th
October, now returned, bringing corn and goats from Virginia,
(for the weavils had taken the corn at Bennuda before they
came fhere). Ensign Jenyson^ went in her for pilot, and related,
at his return, that there was a very great change in Bermuda
since he dwelt there, divers lewd persons |j being jj become good
Cliristians. They have tlnree ministers, (one a Scotchman,)
who ptak-ejl great pains among them, and had lately (by .*io4
prayer and fasting) dispossessed one possessed Pwithji a
devil. They obtained his recovery while the congTcgation
were assembled.-

He brought news, also, of a great ship arrived in Patomack
II having!! P took 11 II 3 of II

1 "William Jennison was of Watertown, from which he was a deputy in the
second and niany subsequent courts, with higher titles than in the text, as
lieutenant and captain.

'^ If this be the iriory of the traveller, not the belief of the author, giving it
cinliy, without throwing any shadow on it, wc should rejoii-e at the complete-
ness of the narrative, rather than exhibit regret for its credulity. The miracle
wrought by the prayer and fasting of three ministers at Bermuda, has never,
to my knowhdge, been broiight up agalnsl Pr.'testantism, though it uiay bo
rejected with as much contempt as the nmnerous ones produced, at a later day,
by the Jansenists in France. It has been remarked by a disbeliever, that,
while the church of Rome asserts, from Its foundation to our times, the regular
succession of miraculous gifts of all kinds, the reformed are contented with
exorcisms. What kind of poss'^s.slon this was, thus exorcised at Bermuda, we
know not, unless we infer, from the mode of cure, that the operators attempted
a recovery of thht species (epilepsy) related by Matthew, xvii. 21, and
Mark, ix. 20. Better signs, or better j)roof, are wanted in such cases, if, for
our rece{)tion, a modern instance of hearing yuayer in heaven is offered ;
tliougU the weak and the cunning, the deluded or the deluders, have, in all
agfs, aV)oimdid in such impositions. The credibility of the evangelists is sup-
l> rtfd by ihe verv means, v.hlch, t«) a cirele-s <>bserver, might seem to detract
from it; and the truth is more resplendent, when the counterfeit is detected.

160 . THOMAS DUDLEY. - rjGO-l

River in Virginia, with a governour and colruiy sent by Hi..' I^r.r.l
Barliniore/ who was expected there shortly 'himself, and that
they resisted tho.e of Vkginia, who came to trade in that ri\ tr.
It appeared after, that the king had written to Sir John
Har^y,- || knight, || governour of A^ijginia, to give ail assistance
to that new plantation, which was called -Maryland by the
qneen of England ; and those who came over were, many of
them, Papists, and did set up raass openly.

July.] The Hercules of Dover returned by Si. George's to
cut masts to carry to England.

The last month arrived here fourteen great ships,* and one
at Salem.

Mr. Humfrey and the lady Susan, his wife, one of the Earl
of Lincoln's sisters, arrived here. He brought more ordnance,
*13o ^^'^^kets, and pov.'der, boiight for the public by monevs
given to that end; for godly people in England began
now to apprehend a special hand of God in raising this phtii-
tation, and their hearts were generally sthrred to come || ^overlj.
Among others, we received letters from a godly preacher, Mr.
Eevinston, a Scotchman in the north of Ireland, whereby he
signified, that there were many good Christians in those pans
resolved to come hither, if they might receive satisfaction con-
cerning some questions and propositions which they sent over.
Likewise, :>Ir. Ha mfrey brought certain propositions ^ from sonte
11^'"?'^ II iTtousJi

1 Cecil, son of Goor>re, Loi-d BaUiniore, a-ainst ^vliom uorliin^ cati Lo
leanu-d I'rom hi.tory but tIic tathor's .•on-clentious coav.-r.Ion, and "the h-Ai'i
adherence, to the Ronii<h rehjxion. For their just deserts, which the liberal
iuhabitants of :V[arylaiid will never fur;.'(>t, the reader Ls referred to Delknap-.s
American Blo-railiy, II. 3G3-3S0. Candor must be extended to some pa-
sabres of this History, in ^vhich the spirit of the age will appear more promi-
nently than justice.

- This pendfDian, who liad been nanunl by King James, in his la^^t vear, of
the council for tlic huuiedlate government of Virginia, lla/. I. 189, was. by
Charlcs, appointe.l governour, I'G ^larcli, ICjr. lb. 23 4. A new couunI>.;-'u
for die same place was given hhn nine years after. J[>. 400.

3 On.^ of thc^e was the Planter. The bill of la.ling for the goveri.nv.nt
stores, put on b-jard by Humfrey, w!i,, was, probably, a passeugort was dat,.d
7 April. See the aci ount of Trcasuivr P; nchon, in -2 'l^Ia.-s. Hist. Coll. VHI. 2-.'?".

* For these propositions of certain peers, and others of thu' J-:ngUsh uoblUiy,

3634.1 TjIO:MAS DUDLEY.

161

persons of great qriulity and estair:, (auJ of special note for
piety.) whoreby they Ji.K^overed tfieir intentions to join with
lis, if they might receive tatisfaction tlierein. It appeared
farther, by many private letters, that the dcpartm-e of so many
of the best, both ministers and Christ iaiii, liad bred sad thouc^hts
in those behind of the Lord's intentioji.s in this worlx, and an
appreheiision of some evil days to come upon England,
jj Then [j it began now to ]>e apprehended by the archbisliops,
and others of the council, as a matter of state, so as they sent
out warrant to stay the ships, and to call in our patent; but,
upon petition of the shipmasters, {|[- attending || how beneficial
this plantation was to England) in regard of the Newfoundland
fishing, vv-hich they took in their way homeward, the ships
were at that time released. But Mr. Cradock (who had been
goveruom- iii England before the government was sent over)
had strict charge to deliver in the patent; whereupon he wrote
to us to send it home. Upon receipt o[ his letter, tlic goveru-
our and council coji^nlted about it, and resolved to answer
Mr. Cradock's letter, bat not to return any answer or excuse to
the council at that time.

[Very large blank.]

§For the success of the passengers and cattle in the ships :§

Divers of the ships lost many cattle ; but the two which came

from Ipswich,^ of more than one hundred and t^venty, lost but

seven. ISow- of the ships Ion any passengers, but \he Eli.-a-

II yea II ir- alleging §

^hh til.- rii:>v.ers, dra^vn %viih grcai d!^cr€nr>K, rotuni-'d tvfo years aiu-r, tho
cm-ious are indebted to llutrthison'sMass. 1. Ajipcndbc, 490-5. Following
tliem is a K-Uor of Cotton, to enforce our answer?, addressed to the Puritan
I-^rd Say. lie says, "Domocracy I do not conceive that ever God did ordain
as a lit government, either for chnrch or commonwealth. If the people be
govcrnours, who shall bo governed ? As for monarchy, and aristocracy, they
arc both of them clearly approved, and directed in scripture, yet so as reforreth
tfic sovereignty to hlnL^^elf, and sctteth up theocracy in both, as tho best form
of government in the commonwealth, as well as in the church."

^ The Elizabeth, William Andrews master, and the Francis, of which John
Cntting was mn^tcr, were the Ipswich ships. Names of 102, and 84 passengers,
res|,ecti\oly, are printed in 3 r^Iass- IILst Coll. X. MO-145. Frobably si-veral
<■' tlic othiTs were not known to the ofliccrs ol -ovLi-nmcnl, or they would havo
been forbidden.

162 THOMAS DfJDLEY. [163.|.

»-jof> beth Dorca?,^ which, having a long po^ssagc, and being
hurt upon a rock at Scilly, and very ill victualled, she
lost irixty passengers at sea, and divers came sick on shore, who
all recovered, (through the mercy of God,) except
[Large- blank.]

JMx. Ilumfrey brought sixteen heifers given by a private
friend, viz. Mr. Richard Andrews,^ to the plantation, viz. to
every of the ministeis one, and the rest to the poor, and one
half of the increase of the ministers' to be reserved for other
ministers. Mr. ^Yilson, so soon as he had his, gave it to Mr.
Cotton. By Mr. Ilumfrey's means much money was procured,
and divers promised yearly pensions.
[Large blank. J

Six of NeT\i:own went in the Blessing, (being bound to the
Dutcli plantation,) to discover Connecticut River, intending to
remove tlieir town ihither.

9.] i'^Ir. Bradford and Mr. Winslow, two of the magistrates
of Piimouth, with Mr. Smith, their pastor, came to Boston by
water, to confer with some of oiu* magistrates and ministers
about their case of Kenebeck. There met hereabout Mr.
Winthrop, Mr. Cotton, and Mr. Wilson, and after they hud
sought the Lord, they fell first upon some passages which they
had taken some oflence at, but those were soon cleared. Then
foi the matter itself, it fell into these two points: 1, whether
their riglit of trade there were such, as they might lawfully
hinder others from coming there ; 2, admitting that, wliether
in point of conscience, they might so f;ir stand upon their right
as to take away or liazard any man's life in defence of it.

For the first, i heir right appeared to be good; for that, be-
sides the king s grant, they had taken up that place as vacuum
doniicilium, and so had continued, without interruption or claim
of any of the natives, for divers years; and also had, by their
charge and providence, drawn down thither the grea.test part of

1 In this <h]p came Henry Sevrall, fatbor of the first Chief Justice, of tlic
name of SamiiL-l.

* Of the liberal;';,- of this di-tlnguishrd friend of Massachusetts and Piimouth
colonics, further i; .lice will occur in our progress. He wa.s an alderman of the
city; and Thomas, probably Lii brother, became mayor of London.

in:34.] THOMAS DUDLEY. 163

t;ie trade, by carrying waiupnmpeage thither, which none of
the English had known the use of before. For the second,
they II alleged, II that their servant did kill Iloclcin to save otlier
of their men, whom he was ready to have shot. Yet tlicy
acknowledged, that they did hold themselves under gviilt of the
breach of the sixth commandment, in that they did hazard
[I -man's life || for such a cause, and did not rather wait to preserve
their right by oilier means, which they rather acknowl- *i--y
edged, because they wished it were not done ; and hereaf-
ter they would Iv^ careful to prevent the like.

The governour and IVIr. Winthrop wrote their letters into
England to mediate their peace, and sent them by Mr. |P Win-

Sir Fcidinando Gorges and Capt. IMason sent [blank] to Pas-
cataquack and A(|uameuticus, witlj two sawmills, to be erected,
in each place one.^

[Biauk.]

jMr. Cradock vrrote to the governour and assistants, and sent
a copy of the conncil's order,^ whereby we were required to
send over our patent. Upon long consultation whether we
should return answer or not, we agreed, and returned answer to
Mr. Cradock, excusing that it could not be done but by a gen-
eral court, which was to be hold en in September next.
[Blank.]

iNIr. AVinthrop, the late governour, received a letter from the
Earl of Warwick, wherein he congratulated the prosperity of
our ])]'intalIon, and encouraged oiu' piocceding.--, and ottered Ids
help to further us in it.

29.] The governour and council, and divers of the ministers,
and others, met at Castle Island, and there agreed upon erect-
ing two platforms and one small fortification to secure jj^them
both, 11 ^ and, for the present furtherance of it, they agreed to
llalloivcajl II - men's Uvefii |P Wilson j| HHhe cityjl

^ Bolkaap's New Ilampsliire, Appendix YIII. contains a k'tter of ^fa-ua
alK)i:t ihose milL, to cre<t Avliicli lie sent people -with Jossolyn, brothorof .Tobn,
I iO voyager.

- A copy of tills oi-Jcr is in Hazard, I. 341, taken tixinx ITulibard, 153.

' By the error of the first edition, Dr. Iloknes -was led to remark, iu the

164 TI I O:\IAS DUDLEY.

[1034.

lay out £-5 a man till a [iratcl! might bo made at the next gen-
eral court. Tlie deputy, Roger Ludlow, was chosen overseer
of this work.

August 2.] M>. Sanruiel Skelton, pastor of Salem, died.

4.] At the court, the new town at Agawam was naried
Ipswich, in 'K-kiiowledgtucnt of the great honor and kindness
done to our people which took shipping there, etc. ; and a day
of thanksgiving appointed, a fortnight after, for the |j 'prosper-
ous arrival of the others, || etc.

A letter^ §was delivered § to IMr. Winthrop by I\Tr. .Jelfe-
*13S ^^'^ ^^^ °^^^ planter, v/ritten to him from Morton, wherein
he related, how he had obtained his long suit, and that a
coramissiou was granted for a general governour to be sent
over, with many railing speeches and threats against this planta-
tion; and iMr. "Winthrop iii })artieular. M-. ^^ mthrop/aGquainted
the governour and council with it, and some of the ministers.
[Blank.]

This summer was hotter than many before.
[Blank.]
I't^'l^li i|-]'a-rticiJar reviv.'il of tlie tiinesll

first edition of his Annals, I. 27S, that the "metropolis has never i/et been Incor-
porated -with tliat name."

^ Never -were feelings of triumph more openly, and, as the event showed,
inoautiou.sly disp'ayed, than in this epistle, for vhioh the author smarted ten
years after, as iu the Illstorj' of that time, in our second volume, will be seen.
The original deformity is there exhibited. Hubbard, 428, copied it, and most
subsequent v.ilters ImaginO't, un.l lo his pagt , net Wiuthrop's, v.-oie t":ey in-
debted for the curiosity.

* "\^'iiiiam Jeftery, or Jeffries, -was a person of some distinction, settled in our
colony bc;fore the arrival of the first company of Endecott, sent by the paten-
tees in 1628. Ills admission as a freeman is noticed among the earliest who
were received. Col. Rec. I. 73. I can assign his residence, only by guess, to
Weymouth. Sec note 2, on page 43. He was named, with Blaxt'on, by Sir
Eerdinando Gorges's son, in his abortive grant to Oldham, attorney to give pos-
session of :Mas,sachusctt3. Conf Haz. I. 259 and 268. Such a letter IMortnn
could not have sent,.without supposing his correspondent would agree with him
in dislike of the men, on Avliom lie lavL-^hed so \>o\d abuse ; and it n^ay almost
seem treachery in the receiver to give it up. Perhaps Jefferj- v/as afraid of
discovery, or else the Merry IMount vioter was deceived in judging one hia
friend, who kid six ycard before joined the formidable alliance for his over-
throw.

lo'M.] TPxOMAS DUDLEr. ICo

1:?.] About niicliiig:ht, one (''r.iford. (who came this sum-
mer,) with his broiiin- und seivoui. iuiviug put much goods in
n small boat in Charles River, ovci against Richard Brown his
hoii^c, overset the boat with the weight of some hogsheads, (as
• was supposed,) so as ihey were all three drowned ; )-et one of
them could swim well, and though the neighbors came running
kn'ih, instantly, upoii their cry, yet none could be saved.
[Large I'l aak.j

Our neighbors of Plimouih and we had oft trade with the
Dutch at Hudson's l\iver, called §by them§ New Netherlands.
\Ve had from them about forty sheep, and l^eaver, and brass
pieces, and sugar, etc., for sack, strong waters, linen cloth, and
other commodities. They have a great trade of beaver, — about
nine or ten thousand skins in a year. Our neighbors of Plim-
on.lh h.ad great tra-le 'tl-o this year at Kencbeck, so as 3.1r.
M'inslow carried wilh h.im into England, this year, about twenty
hog-.hr ads of beaver, the greatest part whereof was traded for
wamj)am})cage.

Ojic pleasant passage happened, which was acted by the
Indians. IMr. AVitislow, coming in liis bark from Connecticut to
Narigansett, — and lie left her th.irc, — and intending to *..->f.
retnrn by land, he went to Osamekin the sagamore, his
old ally, who olt'erod to conduct him home to Pliuiouth. Rut,
berorc they took th.-ir journey, Osamel.in sent one of his men
to Plimouih to tell thorn tha^ ATr. ^Yinslow was dead; and
directed him to show how and where he v.^as killed. Where-
upon there was much feor and sorrow at Plimoutli. The
v.Qxz day, when Osaj.iekin brouglj; him liome, th.'y asked him
why he sent such word, etc. lie answered, that it was their
manner to do so, that they might be more welcome wlien they
came home.

[Blank.]
10.] Mr. Bradford and Mr. Coliieri of Plimouih came to

^ Ilonoral'le mentltui must ever be nnilc of "Wiliiaiii Collier, V.s ^., wiio caTue
o\irto lluuouth only the year iH-fon- tiuit oi" tlio tcxi. II.^ ^.vas chosen an
itx-i.-Unt in lu.Vi, and tJieneeforward until 1000, every year, except lG;jS, .j'2
and .j;(, vlieu lie u,'.-; j.robahly nb-sent, atu' \v;is oao of the two fn>t dvl-^'utes to
the con;.'rcs3 of the Unil.-.l Colouie?, in ICJo.

1G6 TIIO:»IAS DCrr^LEY. [1G31.

Boston, having appointed a meeting here the week before, but
by reason of foiil Aveather were dris^en buck. They had writ-
ten to Capt. "VViggin of Pascc.taquack about the raeeting for
hearing the cause of Hockin's death.
[Large blank.]
Corn was this year at four shillings the bushel, and some at
three shillings, and some cheaper.

[]-arge blank.]
29.] The II T)o\'e, || a pinnace of about fifty tons, came from
Maryland upon Patomack Klver, with corn, to exchange for
fish and other commodities. The governour, Leonard Calveri,^
and two of the commissiontu-s, A\Tote to the governour here,
to make offer of trade of corn, etc., and the governour of Vir-
ginia wrote also on their behalf, and one Capt. Young wrote
to make oH'cr to deri\er cuttle here. Near ail th.eir company
came sick hither, and the merchant died within one vceck after.

[Blank.]
*1 to September 4.] The general court began ^ at Newtown,
and continued a week, and then was adjourned |] -four-
teen j| days. Many things were there agitated and concluded,
as fortifying in Castle Island, Dorchester, and Charlestown ; also
against tobacco, and costly apparel, and immodest fashions ; and
II D 11 Ij- eleven II

^ Thii gentleman was the brother of Cecil, Lord liaUiraore, mentioned in tac
note on page 134, sent by the patentee as his governour. His name will rofur
in the progress of this Ili^'or/; but I v-^ixi that any infonn;i.tion of the ov< nts
of his ad mini.'- 1 rat ion is confined to iis policy, appkimlcd by I't-liinap, and I'.io
minute, bat irapcrfi>ct narrative in Bozman's History of Maryland. The Hon.
Charles Calvert, governour of ^larylaml, a (]>!scent!ant, dietl 2 February, 1732.
A ti)nib, erected at Annapolis, bore in<cr![)tions in honor of himself and will ,
■which may be seen in the American Magazine, pi-iutcd at Boston, l7t;',
page 74. I believe reputable descendants of this tamily per|H'tuafe its lame in
Marylan<l.

2 By the Col. llcfonls, I. 12G, the day of assembling is the 3.1, not 4t'i, of
September. But it is more important to* observe, that no nanx-s of deputies
appear ; so that I regard it only as a second session of the court, adjourncil i»
May, and tlseret'ore give th--. distinction of second court to tiiat in March foll'j^"'-
ing. Many new members appeared then, and so wo find the fact in every su-- -
cecding meeting for ma'.iy years. Perhaps one or more new delegates appears J
at this court from some town not represenied at the j\fay session.

iG:U.j Tjro.MAS DUDLEY. ^gy

commh.vis nppointcJ for setting out tl-c bounds of towns; v.-Itb.
divers other matters, which do appear upon record. But the
main bu.-^iness, which spent the ino:^t ilmc, and caused t!)o ad-
journing of the court, was about t)ie removal of N-n\town.
They had leave, the Inst gen(Tal courr, to look out some place
for enlargement or removal, with promise of having it confirmed
to them, if it were iiot prejudicial to any other plantation;
and now they moved, that they might have leave to remove to
ConnecfJeut. This matter was debated divers days, and many
reasons alleged pro and con. The principal reasons for their
removal were, 1. Theiv want of aceojrmiodation for their cat-
tle, so as they were not able to maintain their ministers, nor
corild receive any move of theh- friends to help them; and liere
it was alleged by Ur. Hooker, as a fundamental error, that
towns were ict so near each io other.^

2. The frultfulness and commodiousncss of Connecticut, and
the danger of having it possessed by others, Dntch or English.

3. The strong bent of their spirits to remove thither.

[Large blank.] •

Against these it was said, 1. That, in point of conscience, thev
ought not to depart from us, being kn't to us in one body, and
bound by oaih to seek the welfare of this commonw^calth.

2. That, in point of state and civil policy, we ought not to
give them leave to depart. 1. Being i| yvc \\ were now "weak and
in danger to be assailed. 2. The "departure of Mr. Hooker
would not only dravs^ many from u-, but also divert other
li-iends th:d vouldcorno to I's. 3. W:- should expose uu-m to
evident peril, both from the Dutch (who made claim to the same
river, and had already bnilt a fort there) and from the Indians,
and also from our own state at home, who w-ould not endure
they should sit down without a patent in any place which ..
our king lays claim unto. ^

3. Th(^y might be acconunodated at home by some enlarge-
ment which other towns ollbred.

^^^ In thU flftli year of the Colony liistoiy, so sadly crowuoil ivorc the sUles-s at
'^ewtown, th.'.t ^\'atOi-to\vn was not a ivile aud ci h.s!x' dutnut, nor CharloslOF.-n
more than two miles.

.ill .:■ ■ •

163 TnO.MAS l;LT)LEY. [IG'U.

4. T}ie) mi gilt remove 1o I^.Ierlmack, or any other pliue
within our }iatent.

5. The removing of a candlestick is a great judgment, wliich
is to be avoided.

Upon these and other arguments the court being dividt-d, it
was put to vote; and, of the deputies, fifteen were for their df-
parture, and ten against it.^ The governour and two assistants
were for it, and the deputy and all the rest of the assistants
were against it, (except the secretary, who gave no vote;)
whereupon no record was entered, because there were not six
assistants in the vote, as the patent requires. Upon this grew
a great difference between the governour and assistants, and
the deputies. Tliey would nut yield the assistants a negative
voice, and the others (considering how dangerous it might be
to the commonwealth, if they should not keep that sirengtli to
balance t)ie greater number of tjie deputies) thought it safe to
stand upon it. So, when tlicy could proceed no farther, the
whole court agreed to keep a day of lutmiliation to seek the
Lord, which accordingly was done, in all the congregations, the
ISth day of tljis month ; and tb.e 24th the court met again. Be-
fore they began, Mr. Cotton preached, (bei)ig desired by all
the court, upon Mr. Hookers instant excuse of his unfitness for
that occasion). He took his text out of Hag. ii. 4, etc., out of
vs'h.it^i he laid di-^wn the nature or strength (as he termed it) of
the magistracy, m.inistry, and people, vi;^., — the sti-ength of the
magistracy to be then- autliority; of the people, their liberty;

^ The error of Hutchinson, iu rcportuig this division of the deputies, and Lis
rulstake of the name of the deputy governour, he owed to Hubl>ard, 173,4,
v.-ho copied our aulhor -with careK^s.>ness surprising even in liim. lie aUnost
literally transcribed from our text the very form of tlie argument and partition
of the subject ; and the numerals are here as plain as in any part of the original
WS. Ou so important a question, %vo might, a priori, conclude, that every one
of the deputies Avas present", and since their number, ai the Ji'rsi general court
-when representatives appealed, was twenty-four, and so small a boily never
appeai-s again, vvu may confidently presume, there were now twenty-five, though
the enumeration of the body cannot be given prctisely, because the Heeoi'ds, m
tliis solitary instance, omit their names. Sec the last note. Ludlow was the
dcputv fi^ovirnour; nml it seems not ^ery strange, tluit ho oj^posed the removal,
while he was in this office, but adopted that course, after failing to be reohosen
next year.

1G3;.] TH O.MAS DCT)LEY. 169

and of the ministry, their puriiy; and showed hovv' all of these
hid a negative voice, etc., and that yet the ultimate resolution,
eta, ought to be in the whole body of the people, etc., witii an-
swer to all objections, and a declaration of the people's duty
and right to maintain their true liberties against any un- »| ^^
just violence, etc., which gave great satisfaction to the
company. And it pleased the Lord so to assist him, and to
bless his own ordinance, that the affaii'S of the court went on
cheerfully ; and although all were not satisfied about the nega-
tive voice to be left to the magistrates, yet no mdn moved aught
about it, and the congregation of Newtown came and accepted
of such enlargement as had formerly^ been offered them by
Boston and Watertown ; and so the fear of their removal to
Connecticut was removed.

At this court Mr. Goodwin,- n very reverend and godly man,

^ Hubbard, 1 75, road this %\ord fr';t'hj.

^ Wilii.im Goo'JwIii is known to uj, for many years, only by this notice of his
language, as a deputy in the court. The occasion of his disrespect to the
assistant, no doubt, arose from the projected migration of his townsmen. He
did not represent Newtown in any fbllowini'; legislature, and removed, probably,
the ne.^t year but one, with a large portion of his constituents, to Connecticut.
Kotliing more is hoanl of him until 10-34, when a controversy sprang up In the
church of Harttbrd, where Goodwin wns ruling elder, between him and Stone,
tK(! teacher, which lasted several years, baflling the attempts of the legislahjre
t') r-alm it, and drawing New Haven and Massarhnsctts into the idle examina-
tion. The humble importance of such mighty agitation occupies many pages in
Trumbull, I. 311 and following; but Mather, book HI. says, the origin of it
" has been rendered almost as obscure as the rise of Connecticut Kiver." That
author, in liis usual diffuse manner, folio. .3 up his iilustra'ioii "with allusions to
the force of the stream, and the width of its overflow ; yet he has omitted the
iniptjrtant parallel, of enriching the soil by its inundation. Goodwin was hon-
ored by Gov. Hopkins, in being made a trustee in his will. He died at Farui-
iugton, 167.3, leaving only daughter, from whom the distingiiished family of
Wadsworth is derived.

I have seen, among the Hutchinson Papers, in the archives of our Historical
•StK^i.jty, a tract, of (.-ight and a half folio pages, entitled " The Sentence of the
Council held at i'.oston, September 26, 10o9, concerning the long, sad, and
afllicting Controversy between the rev. teacher, >rr. Samuel Stone, the honored
•ind dearly beloved brethren of the churcli of Harttbrd, on the one part, and
tli" honored and dearly beloveil bretiiron, the withdi-awcrs from the said church,
f^n t'ie other part, since the rclap.-e after tlie pacification, ]May 3, U15 7." It
b-ars date 7 October, and is signed by "Wilson, Chauucey, K. IMather, ^'dion,
VOL. I. 15

170 '*'~" THOMAS Dudley. Mgoj

being the elder (^f tlic congrc-ation of Nevrtcr.vu, bavin- in
heat of oaniiTient, n.^ed souic UJ^rovcrend speech lo one orthe
assi»fa.iijs, and bring reproved for the same in the open court,
did gravely and Iianibly acknowledge his fault, etc.'
*J43 '*'-^ xit this court were many laws made against to
bacco, and immodest fashions, and costly apparel, etc., as
appears hy the Kecords; and £G00' raised tov.ards fortifica-
tions^and other charges, which v.ttc the more hastened, because
the -Griffin and anotiier ship now arriving with about two hun-
dred i!ap,sengers and oile hundred cattle, (Mr. Lothrop= and Mr.
Simme*-,3 two godly ministers, coming in the same ship,) there

SyPimos, Xorton, T:i;.)t, Edin. Bro^^e, Cobbot, Sherman, IIubbaT-d, Danfortb,
filitclicU, a-id Shepanl, amonrr the divines; and K. JIussell, Edw. Tynir, and
Isaac Ifeu:!:, of the hnty. It appears to be the hand ■•vritlug of mafcMess illtch-
ell ; but tl^ou-h it refers to " the gi-eat lal>or cf the reverend couccil held at
Hartford In Tni • the poor service of the chinrh messenger from hence in '57;
the several occasional letters from the elders, of these parts betbre aid since;
and, last];,-, the travels of this present asserubJv," wth earnest entreaty for heab
ingthc M^aiidalous divisions, — I Lope it may' not be imputed to any'disesteem
of the eonncil or the subject, that my curiosity ^vas not suiTieiently strong to
encoiJiUcr the labor of perusal of so venerable a manuscript.

1 The aj.porrionment is T^'Orth transcribing from the Kecords, I. ] 28, as, wc
may b.- confident, it represents tlic relative vrt-alth. of the settleuieut.s : '-Boston,
Dorchester, and Xewtov.u, each, £80; Roxbnry, £70 ; Watertown, £G0; Sa-us
andlpswich, each, £50; Salera and Charlestown, each, £45 ; Meadford, £26 ;
"Wessaguscus, £lO; ]!n:ciove, £l."

2 With the excellence of the Rev. John Lathrop, we could form little ac-
quaintance In a place, to v/hlch. every read.-r ^vould most naturally recort. the
Doscrlpt; .a of Barn.la!.'. , I. 3 ] [i.t. Coll ]Ii. Buf. tlie exia..rdinary errors of
that tract, pages 15, IG, or any other vrritor's deficiency, arc all forgotten on
perusal of the memoir of him and his posterity, by a descendant, found in 2
U.St. Coll. I. 1G.3. Eliot has atlorded two pages to him, and lils name is ex-
cluded from Allen only by some less desirable matter. A great, great grand-
son, oite of the most sincere and benevolent men of his time, who died since
furnishing that narrative of Iiis ancestor, after a long life of devotion to hi.-
duties w!l long be remembered as pastor of the Second Church of F.ostou.
The patrlarclial dinne at West Springfield, whose sermons have justly bc-n
more in repute tliau tliose of equal volumo by any other American, who de-
ceased since my vbrk on these pages began, .leduced his origin from this Cr-t
clerg)-man of SclLuate. A very iramcrous line of descendants Is found in our -
country.

' Zechariah Synmics, tlie worthy teacher of the church at Charlo.town. If

16:34.] 'J'HOxMAS DUDLEY. 171

came over a copy of ilie commission' granted to tlie t^vo arcli-
bi:~liop3 and ten others of the council, to regulate all plantations,
and power given them, or any five of them, to call in all patents,
to make laws, to raise tythes and portions for ministers, to re-
move and punish governoors, and to iiear and determine all
causes, and inflict all punishments, even death itself, etc. This
being advised from our friends to be intended specially for us,
and that there were ships and soldiers provided, given out as
for the carrying the new governour, Capt. Woodhouse, to Vir-
ginia, but suspected to be against us, to compel us, by force, to
receive a new governour, and the discipline of the church #^ . ,
of England, and the laws of the commissioners, — occa-
sioned the magistrates and deputies to hasten our fortifications,
and to discover our minds each to other; which grew to this
conclusion,- viz.

[Large blanlc]

At this court, as before, the assistants had their jj diet |j at the
governour's at Newtown, and the first day all the deputies.
He had XlOO allowed him for his charges, and XoOO more was
raised towards fortifications, etc.

30.] About this time one Alderman, of Bear Cove, being

about fifty years' old, lost his way betw^een Dorchester and

Wessaguscus, and wandered in the woods and swamps three

days and two nights, v.-ithout taking any food, and, being near

_ llduesil

siiffioifiitly cojuiiiemLT.vk'tl In lli-it's Dlc'uon.'in-, v.Iicrc tlie tiui'j of liis death is
erroneously given 167b', for February 4, 1670-1. Jolmsoa has honored him,
and espocially his wife, above most of the ministers in the land, lib. L c. 32. In
this Ilisturv' his serm-e to the community is often mentioned; and at the last
election of Winthrop, as governour, narrated in this work, he preached the ser-
mon. IL's descendants, at ditferent times, have been honored in church and
state.

The famous 3kli-s. Ann Hutchinson came over in the same ship with
Synimos, as was given in evidence on her trial. See Hutchinson's Mass. U.
Appendix.

' See the commission In Hubbard, 26 1.

- Whnt the conclusion wn,, we may easily judge from the opinion of the
r.iiulst. rs, obuilued at a iiiCLiing 19 January fulK.wing, as, a few pages onward
will appear.

r .;/

172 THOMAS DC.ULEY, [1G:J4.

spcnf", God broug'ii him to Scituate ; but he had torn his Iff.-?
much, etc. Other harm he had none.

October 5.] It being found, that the four lectures did
spend too much time, and proved jjover|] burdensome to the
ministers and people, the ministers, with the advice of the
magistrates, and with consent of their congregations, did agree
to reduce them to two days, viz., ]VIr. Cotton at Boston one
Tlmrsday, or the 5th day of the week, and Mr. Hooker at
Ncwrtown the next 5th day, and IMr. "VYarham at Dorchester
one 4th day of the week, and jNIi-. ^Yelde at Roxbur}^ the next
4th day.

IMr. Lathrop, who had been pastor of a private congrega-
tion ill London, and for the same kept long time in prison,
(upon refusal of the oath ex-ofhcio,) being at Boston upon a
sacrament day, after the sermon, etc., desired leave of the con-
gregation to be present at ihe administration, etc., but said that
he dui'st not desire to partake in it, because he was not then iii
order, (being dismissed from his fonuer congregation,) and
he thought it not fit to be suddenly admitted into any other,
for example sake, and because of the deceitfulness of man's
heart. He went to Scitnate, being desired to be their pastor.

14.] It was informed the govcrnour, that some of our peo-
ple, being aboard the bark of Maryland, the sailors did revile
thtMu, calling them holy brethren, the members, etc., and wirual
did curse and swear most horribly, and use threatening speeches
against us. The governour wrote to some of the assistants
about it, and, upon advice with the ministers, it was agreed to
*iA^ call them in question ; and to this end (l>ccause we kncv^'
not how to get ihem out of their bark) we apprehended
the merchant of the ship, being \\ -on shore, || and committed
him to the marslial, till Mr. Maverick came and undertook that
the offenders should be forthcoming.^ The next day (the gov-
ernour not being well) we examined the witnesses, and found
them fall short of the matter of threatening, and not to agree
about the reviling speeches, and, beside, not able to design cer-
tainly the men that had so oflcnded. AVhereupon (the bark
II very Ij ]|-one Storo||

^ TIic process was moro eflectual than regu'ur.

1634.] Tli O.MAS DUJJLKY.

173

staying only {iupon j| this) the bail ^vas di.,charged, and a letter
written to the master, that, in regard eueh disorders were com-
niitted aboard his ship, it was his duty to inquire out tiie otiend-
ers and punish them ; and withal to desire him to bring no
laore such disordered per-on^; among us.

*Mr. Arilson's hay, being stacked up not well dri(^d, fell on
fire, to his great prejudice at this season ; fired by his own ser-
vants, etc., as they intended to prevent firing.*

The weather was very fine and hot, wi'thout rain, near six
weeks.

The Lords Say and Broolc v.Tote to the govcrnour and Mr.
Bellingham,! that howsoever they might have sent a man of
»for||

1 Gov. Kichard r.ellingham's MortL ia oxliiblt-d in the annal^ r/' 1,;. rnnr,f.y
of which he was the last surviving patent'?e liamod Jn the ohart.>v -l-.^v-«r^
spun," says Hubhard, 610, '• a Ion- thread of above eighty vears." 111. tnU.,./'
%vere adapted less for eloquence than aavlce, as the saine'ivrlter e.v^)res<es it
j-hke a vessel whose vent holdeth no good proportion with Its capafltv." Hub-'
bard, after ol^servlng that his qualifications, as a governour, were rather l^s^ened
by h.s melancholy humour, continues : " He had been bred a la^vycr, yet turned
strangely, al-hough upon ^ery pious <-onsIdcratIons, as some have jud-^ed. out of
the ordinary road thereof, in the making of his kst will and testam^'nt,' which
detect, It there were any, was abundantly supplied by the power of the genend
rouft, so as tliat no prejudice cUd arise to his successors about his estate " A
f.v.t mconsi.tent with the correctness of the closing suggestion, is, bv the recent
obtor .n th. note to Amer. Ed. Iln.<.h. I. 247, asserted. Bellingham ^nd his wife,
±.li2abeth, who died m a few years, were received into Boston church, ,S Au-ust
of this year, so that a wrong date of his arrival is given bv Eliot; but move obser-
vation IS des.r.-ea by a ca.ual s.Mcnoe about this gentleman from the same
author. He calls hmi " a very learned man, compared with his contemporaries
in Aew England." This is uttered without the caution that usualiv distinguishes
our ^ew England biographer. Several of the laity were equals, in mv opinion,
ot Belhngham; and,-without naming some of the worthies of rhmouth,
iv!io<ie Island, Connecticut, or New Haven, -both the ^Viathrops, Brudstreet,
and Saltonstall h.s superiors. I speak confidently, but advisedly, that, if we
include the clergy, who surely had as good a share of leUers as their brethren
educated at the snme universities of Oxford and Cambridge, there were in Xew
i^ngiand, at any tune between IC'IO and 1G90, as many sons of those tno funous
mirscnes of Icanung as would be found in a proj^rtlonate number of their iel-
ow subjects in th... mother coiu.try. Besides whi^h our own coUo-m., f.)r four
" th3 of the tnu.., sent out sUvaiiis, many of which lh,^vcd to make glad ihc land
ti thi-ir fathers.

In the eulogium of tlds worthy, by Hubka-d, "a notable hater ofbrlbps"

15*

174 TlIO^AIAS DUDLEY. [1634.

«j .^ war to beat down the hoa^e at Konebcc-k, for the death
of Ilockin, etc., ]| yet || they thought better to take another
course ; and therefore desired that some of ours might be joined
with Capt. Wiggin, their agent at Pascataquack, to see justice
done, etc.

20.] Six men of Salem, going on fowling in a canoe, were
overset near Kettle Island, and five of them drowned.

November 5.] At the court of assist?.nts complaint was
made by some of the country, (viz., Richard Brown of Water-
II that II

h part; aud in the Granary burial ground, iu this cify, over his tomb, -which
now belongs to the family of the late Gov. Sullivan, that honor is repeated : —

" Virtue's fast fne-.ii v, itbin this tomb J-.tli lie,
A fue to bribe?, but rich in charitj-."

Surel}' the character of the age forbltli; us to consider the?c clean hands as dis-
tinguishing him from other ma^ristrates.

lie was of a good family In England, and was recorder of Bosion in It) 25.
In our Registry of J>ceds, lib. YIII. 29 7, is evidence of a gift from the govoru-
our to Angola, i negro, cf a piece of land on the highway leading to lloxbury-,
■fifty feet square, to him and his children forever, with the language of the
donor : '' He w?s the only instrument that, under God, saved my life, coming to
uie with his boat, when 1 was sunk in the river between Boston and "VTinisimet,
several years since, and laid hold of me aud got me into the boat he came in,
and saved my life ; which kindness of him I remember."

fcfomething from the will, 2S November, 1G72, in Prob. Rec. YJI. 271, is
worth cop\-ing : " Among many other undeserved favors of God towards mo,
this is none of the least, that, for so long a time, I have lived under the special
govenmient of Christ in his church, not without some soul safc'^faction through
the gi-acious presence of Christ, who liath walked in the midst of these churches,
which I judge have been constituted according to his mind. That I may tostlty
the engagement of my heart to the Lord, being now of perfect memory and
undcTstiinding, I do dispose," etc. After various devises, he says, " I do freely
and willingly dispone aud give (after mine and my wife's dQCj^*e) the farms !^he
hath during her life, and (after the decease of my sori and his daughter) my
whole estate in AVinnisimet, to be an annual encouragement to souie godly mii?-
istei-s and preaciiers, and such as may be such, who shall.be by my trustees
judged faithful to tho>o principles in church discipline, which are owned and
practised in the First Church of Christ in Boston, of which I am a member; »
main one whereof is, that all ecclesiastical jurisdiction Is committed by Ch:i^t
to eaih jjarticular orgauical church, fr^iu which th-rc is no appeal, viiibi'"
Balntship being the matter, and express covenanting the form, of the churrii.
Bellingham was warm in his opposition to tlic Third, now Old South, Chiuvh-

1634.] THOMAS DUDLEY. j^g

town, in the name of the rest,) that the ensign at Salrm

.\v-as defaced, viz. one part of the red cro.s taken out. Upon

this, an attachment was a\va,-ded against Eichard Davenport,'

ensign-bearer, to appear at the next court to answer. AFuch

matter was made of this, as fearing it would be taken as an act

.-..Gf rebellion, or of like high nature, in defacing the king's colors;

tHough the truth were, it was done upon this opinion, tliat the

led cross wa^ given to the king of England by the pope, as an

■ ensign of victory, and so a superstitious thing, and a relique of

antichrist What proceeding was hereupon, will appear after,

at next court, in the first month; (for, by reason of the great

..vsnows and frosts, we used not to keep comts in the tliree whiter

months).

The Rebecka came from Narigansett with five hundred bush-
els of corn given to Mr. John Oldham. The Indians had pro-
mised him Ij one thousand || bushels, but their store fell out less
than they expected. They gave him also an island in the
Narigansett Bay, calJed Chippacausett, comaiiung about *one
thousand acres,* six miles long, and two miles broad. This is
n very fair })ay, being above twelve leagues square, with divers
great islands in it, a deep channel close to the shore, being
rocky. Mr. Peirce took the height there, and found it forty-one
degrees, forty-one minutes, being not above half a degree to the
^Southward of us. In his voyage to and fro, he went over the
shoals, havin:,', most part, five or six fathom, within half a mile
and less of the shore from, the north part of Cape Cod to
Natuckett Island, which is nbout twenty leagues — and, in the
siiallowosc place, two and an half fathom. The couniry on ih.)
west of the Bay of Naragansett is all champaign for many
miles, but very stony, and full of Indians. He saw there above
one thousand men, women, and children, yet the men were

1 This person rose to higher r.iuk, and v.-j^ several years commander at Castle
Lland in Boston harhor, where, Hubbard, 642, informs us, he was killrj by "
hghming in July, lGo5, to whieh Hutchinson, I. 203, adds some particulars.
Capt. Roger Clap, the next month, was appointed successor. From his Memoirs "■
fomotliing may be Iv^rned of the spirit and manners of the early settlei--, if not
of their deeds. Davenport named a daughter, born, soon alter, Truccross.

176 THOMAS DUDLEY. r^5:3|

many abroad on IiunLiMg. Natuckett is an island full of Lidiaii:^,
about len league:- in lejigth oast and west.

6.] There came to the deputy governour, about fourteen
dayri .^ince, a messenger from the Pekod saehem, to desire our
friend.^hip. He brought two bundles of sticks, ^vhereby he
signified how many beaver and |i otter |} skins he would give us
for that end, and great store of wanjpompen^ce, (about two
bushels, by his description). He bi ought a small present with
him, which the deputy received, and returned a moose coat of
as good value, and wirhal told him, that he must send persons
of greater quality, and then our governour would treat with them.
*143 ^^"^ "^^ *^^'^*^ came two men, who brought another pre-
sent of wampompeage. The deputy brought them to Bos-
ton, where most of the assistants were assembled, by occasion of
the lerture, who, calling to them some of the ministers, grew to
this treaty with them : That we were willing to have friendship
etc.; but because tljcy had killed some Englishmen, viz. Capt.
Stone, etc., they must iirst deliver up || Hhosc who [J were guilty
of his death, etc. Tiiey answered, that the sachem, who then
lived, V. as slain by r!ic Dutch, and all the men, who v^^ere guilty,
etc., were dead of the. pox, except two, and that if they were
worthy of death, they would move their sachem to have' thera
delivered, (for they had no commission to do it;) but they
excused the fact, saying that Capt. Stone, coming into their
river, took tv/o of th.ir men and bouiid them, and made them
show him the way up the river, which when they had done, he
with two others and tlie two Indians, (their hands still bound,)
went oj] shore, and nine of their men watched them, and when
they were on Asleep || in the night,they killed them ; then going
towards the pionace to have taken that, it suddcnlv blew up
into the air. This was rekited with, such confidence and gravity,
as, having no means to contradict it, we inclined to believe it.
But, the governour not being present, we concluded nothing ;
but some of us went with them the next day to the governour.
The reason why Ihey desired so much'our friendship was,
because they were now in war with the Naragansetts, whom,
tUi this year, they had k.>pt under, and likewise with the Dutch,
who had killed tlieir old sachem and some other of (heir men,
llotberii li^suchasjl i^^liorcj'

1634.] TirOMAS DUDLEY. I77

for that the Pekods had killed some Indians, who came to trade
with the Dutch at Connecticnt ; and, by these occasions, they
could not trade safely any where. Therefore they desired us
to send a pinnace with cloth, and we shotild have all their
trade.

They offered us also all their right at Connecticut, and to
fiu-thcr us what they coitld, if we would settle a plantation
there.

When they came to the governour, they agreed, according to
the former treaty, viz. to deliver us the t^vo men, who were
guilty of Capt. Stone's death, when we would send for them ;
to yield up Connecticut; to give us four hundred fathom of
wamnnmpeage, and forty beaver, and thirty otter skins; and
that we should presently send a pinnace with cloth to trade
with them, §and so slioi^.ld be atp-ace with them, and as friends
to trade with them,^§ but not to defend them, etc.

The next morning news came, that two or three hundred *. .q
of the Naragansetts were come to Cohann, viz. Neponsett,
to kill the Pekod ambassadors, etc. Presently we ||met atj]
Roxbur)', and raised some few men in arms, and sent to the
Naiagansett men to come to us. When they came there were
no more but t>.vo of their sachems, and about twenty |j -more,||
who had been on hunting thereabouts, and came to lodge with
the Indians at Cohann, as their manner is. So we treated with
them about tlie Pekods, and, at our request, they promised they
should go and come to and from us in peace, and they were
also content to enter farther treaty of peace with them ; and in
all things showed themselves very ready to gratify us. So the
2 sent out to |[ ipmenll

^ A cause of the omi??ioD, in the first edition, of this member of the sentence
13 very easily found. -The eye of the transfrib..'r, turning trom his copy to the
original MS., caught, in the latter branch, the -words, " trade with them," which
close each part, and lie supposed it was what he had already transferred to his
sheet Several errors of that edition, as will appear iu the progress of our labor,
were occasioned iii this way. Collations of anolont MSS. atlbrd critics frequent
opportunity of detecting such faults, arising tVoni the otiotoiehviot; which lbi-ni3
a class of cases exceed from the general rule, that the shorter reading should
l>e i>refcrred. J^ysuch a cause the loss if the f.-nous spurious text, 1 John, v. 7,
from all the MSS. was foiinerly, in vain, attempted to be explained.

17S Tr'0>fAS DT^DLEY. " [1634.

Pekorls returned horn?-, nnd the Nn.ra*;;irisetts disparted well
satisfied ; only they \^ore told in piivato, U»at if they did make
peace with the Pekods, \'c would give them part of that wam-
pompeage, which they Rhonid give us; (for the Pekods held it
dishonorable to offer them any thing as of themselves, yet were
•willing we should give it them, and indeed tiid offer us so much
for that end^).

The agi-eement they made with us was ^ut in WTitlng, and
the two ambassadors set to their marks — one a bow with an
arrow in it, and the other a hand.

13.] The 'Regard, a ship of Barnstable, of about t^vo hundred
tons, arrived with twenty passenger?; and ab^ut fifty catile.

One thing I think fit to observ^e, as a witness of God's pro\d-
dertce for this plantation. There came in this ship one JNIans-
*!'() ^^' ^i ^ poor godly man of Exete'-.^^ring very- de>^irous to
come to us, bnt not able to trauspor' his famiU- There
was in the city a rich merchant, one Marshall, who being
troubled in his dreams about the said poor man, could not be
quiet til! hf had sent for him, and given him £50, and lent him
,£100, willing him withal, that, if he wanted, he should send to
him for more. This Mansfield grew suddenly rich, and then
lost his godliness, and his wealth soon aftej;.-

IS.] About this time an open pinnace of one Mr. Suwall^ of

1 If any iloubt has ever bei:a eutortained, in Europe or America, of the
equitable and pacific principles of the founders of New England, in their rela-
tions with the Indians, the -!?rici Mitory, iii <he foregoing paragnsph, of tliis
negotiation, idioitld di.-sip,:t(' it. By tl.c unholy inaxiius of vulgar policy, xh',
discord of these unfriendly nations would have been encouraged, and our
European fatlicrs should have employed the passions of the aborigines for their
mutual destruction. On the contrary, an honest artifice was resorted to for
their reconciliation, and the tribute received by us from one offending party
was, b}' a Christian deception, divided with their enemies to procure mutual
peace. Such mediation Is more useful than victory, aud more houorable than
conquest

^ The last sentenfe is an addition, by the author, at a later time. Perhaps
that providence, which sent us a num, who soon lost his character and lui
property, had better been reverenced In silence.

^ Tin's ancestor of one of the most venerated families, which has ci'iven three of
its meijibers to preside in the liigliest court of civil and crimiiuil jurisdiction in
Massachusetts, was one of the first settlers at Newbury. The biograj)hics of

1034.] THOMAS DUDLEY. ^jg

Ipswich, going deep laden from Boston, was cast away upon
the roelcs at the head of Cape Aim, iii a N. E. stoiiii; but aU
the men were saved.

21.] Orie Willys,! a godly man, and member of Boston
church, and one Dorety, an honest man, and two boys, going
over to Noddle's Island to fetch wood, in a smaU boat, and^none
of them having any skill or experience, were cast away in a
N. E. tempest as they came home in the night laden, being
then ebbing w^ater. We sent two boats on the Lord's day, (so
soon as they were missing, being the 2:3d,) but they could' not
find men, or boat, or wood, in any ||partj| of the bay. Three
days after, the boat was found at Muddy River, overturned.

27.] The assistants met at the govcrnour's, to advise about
the defacing of the cross in the ensign at Salem, where (taking
advice with some of the ministers) ^trr^tigreed to WTite to M^
Downing in England, of the truth of the matter, under all our
hands, that, if occasion were, he mdght show it in our excuse;
for therein we expressed our dislike of the thing, and our pur-
pose to puni.h the olTenders, yet with as much wariness as we
might, being doubtful of the lawful use of the cross in an ensign,
though we were. clear thnt fact, as concernij.g the matter, was
very unlawful.

It was then informed us, how Mr. Eliot, the teacher of ^. -,
the church of Roxbury, had taken occasion, in a sermon,
to speak of the peace made with the Pekods, and to lay some
blame upon |j the ministry ][ for proceeding therein, without con-
sent of the people, and for other failings, (as he conceived).
We took order, that he should be dealt with by Mr. Cotton,
Mr. Hooker, and Mi: Welde, to be brought to see his errour,'
and to heal it by some public explanation of his meaning; for
the people began to take occai^ion to munnur against us for it.
_ _ liP^-'^'^ ^ II li - our measures ||

Eliot and Alloa, and fspedally tlic copious CoHectiou of American Kj.itni.hs. h>-
Alden, II. 115, have weU perpotuUed the memory of his descendant?. Il.jr.rv ■
<^ied at Rowley, 1654; and in Hutchinson, I. Appendix xii. is a letter fro.ai
iuchard Cromwell, during his short enjoyment of the poor title of Lord JVotector,
to our -overnour and magistrates, in favor of tlie son, who was a minister in
^lampshire, and cnrac over about his f\ther*s osLate. .

^^>hn ard J,:ne Willis are, iu the Recoixls of Boston Church, numbered
^35, 6 ; and against their names is written, dead since.

leO THOMAS DXIDLEi'. [1G34.

It wab likewise inforraed, that Mr. Williams of Salem had
broken his proiiiise lo its, in teaching publickly agiiinst tlu^
king's })atent, and our great sin in claiming riglit thereby to
this country, etc. and for usual terming the churches of England
antichristian. Wc granted summons to him for his appearance
at the next court.

The aforesaid three ministers, upon conference with the said
i\Ir. Eliot, brought liim to acknowlege his errour in that he had
mistaken the ground of his doctrine, and that he did acknowl-
edge, that, for a peace only, (whereby the people were not to
be engaged in a war,) the magistrates might conclude, plebe
inconsulto, and so promised to express himself in public next
Lord's day.^ ^

24.] One Scott and Eliot of Ipswich were lost in their way
hom^r-wards, and wandcrtd up and down six days, and eat
nothing. At length tliey were found by an Indian, being almost
senseless for want of reit, etc.

About the same time one [blank] was twenty-one days upon
Plumb Island, and found by chance frozen in the snow, yet
alive, and did well. He had been missing twenty days, and
himself said he had no food all that time.-

December 4.] Was an extraordinary tempest of wind and
snow, at N. N. E. which continued twenty-four hours, and after
that such frost as, within two days, the whole bay was frozen
over, but free again bcfL-re night.

11.] The lectures at Boston and Newtown returned again
to their former conr?^^. because the weather was many times so
tedious as people could not travel, vtc.

This day, after the lecture, the inhabitants of Boston met to
choose seven men who should divide the town lands among
them. 2 They chose by papers, and in their choice left out

^ In k?s than twenty years, Eliot had fulk'n into a -fforsc indiscretion liy
■writin;^ his " Christian Coinmonv,eakh," lor wliich, at a later day, ho was cn'.'ccl
by onr General Court, to make submij<iou. See 3 iNfass. ITist. Coll. IX. 130.

- r^'rhaps he iiad Io<t hh memory, and reckoned time by hb suCTering, and
not by tlie almanac.

^ In his index, the fiinnc:- i.ditor seems lo La\e considered ilii? paragraph a',
affording an account of the '• orin;in of iclectmen in Boston ; " and the same

lOai.] THOMAS DUDLEY. 181

Ml-. 'AVinrhrop,* Co.Jciiii'rron, and otJier of the chief men ; ,. -,-,
only they chose one of the elders and a deacon, and the "^
rest of the inferior sort, *and Mr. Winthrop had the greater
number before one of tliem by a voice or two.*^ This they did,
as fearing that the richt-r men vould "^ivc the poorer sort no

great proportions of land, but would rather leave a gi-eat part
at hberty for new comers and for common, which Mr. Winthrop
had oft persuaded them unto, as best for the town, etc. Mr.
Cotton and divers others were offended at this clioice, because
they declined the magistrates ; and Mr. Winthrop refused to be
one upon such an election as was carried by a voice or two,
telling them, that though, for his p.ut, he did not apprehend
any personal injury, nor did doubt of their good [j atfectiond
towards liim, yet he was much grieved tliat Boston should be
the Tust who should shake oiT theii- magistrates, espc^cially Mr.
Coddiiigton, who had been always so forward for their enlar^e-
mlMit ; adding furilier reason I| ^of jj declining this choice, to blot
out so bad a precedent. Whereupon, at the motion of Mr.
Cotton, who showed them, that it was the Lord's order among
the Israelites to have all such businesses committed to the
ciders, and that it hnd been || ^nearer |j the rule to liave chosen
some of each sort, etc., they all agi-eed to go to a new election,
wliich was referred to the next lecture day.-

The reason why some were not willing that the people should
. ]|oflfering|| P for II ||'uever|[

error M-as follovrod even by .m> lt, :<Tul d \v-iri?r a^ Ilulmes, Annal:^, T. 27.0, oftlio
finit eil. Tins, and most other of iln; towns, bad bei'ore been govoxiied by sucli
otTicers, thor.gh the title ^wi-; ditiercut. See rote 2 on p. 114. That which coa-
timiL'd to our times is iirst used in Boston Kecoi-ds in 1G45. See Shaw's
Description of Boston, 147.

* The author's modesty cnised the conchision of tlie sentence, and his own.
name, in the former part.

- Our Town Records omit notice of the first election of these seven; but, on
the 18th, "\Vintlu-op, Coddington, Bellingljani, Cotton, Oliver, Colburn, and
Baulstone, were chosen, "to divide and dispose of all such lands, belonging to
the town, as are not yet in the huvlul possession of any particular person, to the
mliabitants of tlie town, according to the order of the court, having such
portions in common, for the use of ncv.' comers, and the further b.nffif of the
town, as in their best discretion they shull think fit. The islands hired by the
town to be ako included iu this order."

182 THOiiAS DUDLEY. qj..^^

have more IlitkI in tlie briy than they might be likely to usr in
some reasonable time, was partly to preveni the neglect of trades,
and other more necessary employments, and partly that th-r.'
might be place to receive such as should come after; seeing it
would be vory prejudicial to the commonwealth, if men sh..ulcl
be forced to go iar off for land, while otiiers had much, ar,d
could make no use of it, more than to please their eye with it.
*l-53 ^"■' -'^^vgaU Gifford, widow, being kept at the charge
of the parish of Wilsdeu in Middlesex, near London, wl.
sent by Mr. Ball's ship into this country, and being found to be
sometimes di^lroeted, and a very biu'densome woman, the gov-
ernoiu- and as.i.tunts returned her back by warrant, 18, to the
same parish, in the ship Reljccca.

22.] A fast -^ras kept ^^^^.tfec church of Charlton, and Mr.
Synmies chosen their teacher.

By a letter from Plimouth it was certified, that the Dutch of
Hudson's .River had been at Connecticut, and came in war-
like manner to put the Plimouth n^en out of their house there;
but when they stood upon their defence, they departed, witli-
oat offering any violence.^

11 mo. la^J The clnurch of Boston kept a day of humiila-

iln Haz. U. l^62, the Invaluable proceedings of ti.o comiiuV.oners of the
Lnited Colonies preserve the Dutc-Ii relation of thi. allair. ^Ve must re-avt tu
find m TrumbuU, I. 36, too much of the feeling of a parrisau on this sul.jct.
A very judicious explanation of the controversy mav be seen in the Xorth
Ameiicau Tle\iew, VIII. 85.

^IIereisdi-:.overorlthefii-st insian... of changing the name of the mnn:u.
^•h.ch aros3 frr.m a weak scrui,le, as if there were something heathenish in i:.!-
Imvmg the Itoman nomenclature. Our fathers departed graduallv from tho
church ofEngland, and perhaps their tcndencv to separation increased fistor
in the wilderness than it would have done at homo. Jt will be observed, that
t us work begins on Easter Monday, and, in his margin, that great fe.tiva! of
the church is duly honored by our historian. A slight error, as to the com-
mencement of this change, is found in Hutchinson, I. 42:^, who seems to attri-
bute it to the Puritanical severity of Vane; but, before his comin- the sottl.T.
were well cured of their fondness for the forms, in which thev ha'cl been ch:-
c.Ued. From tin. plaee, our original MS. usually on.plovs this new enumorri-
t.r a of the great divisions of time, though we may occasionally observe a baok-
shdmg to the errors of the author's . ariior v.ars. The lanta>tical custom wa5
niamtauied for nearly two generations in Xew England ; and the -radual ..bro-
gaunn ot It was, no doubt, regarded by the elder planters as a modern ddU-

XCuU.] TII0:JAS DUDLEY. IS.o

lion for the obsencc of tlioir pastor and other brethren, gone to
England, and like to be tioiibkd and detained there, and for
that the Lord had made a breach upon tliem by those four
\\hich were drowned, as is before set down ; at which fast AJr.
Cotton preached out of Numbers xxxv. 13, and one of the niem-
l.'ers taught out of that in || Lamentations jj ^ iii. 39: Wherefore
doth a living man complain ?

19.] All the ministers, except Mr. Ward^ of Ipswich, ^^n
met at Boston, being requested by the goverjiour and as-
sistants, to consider of these two cases : 1. What |j-we ought
to do. jl if a general governour sliould be sent out of England ?
2. Whether it be lawful for us to carry the cross in our ban-
!i-jr.v ? — In the first case, they all agreed, that, if a general gov-
ernour were sent, we ought not to accept him, but defend oiur
lav.ful possessions, (if we were able;) otherwise to avoid or
protract For the matter of the cross, they were divided, and
so deferred it to another meeting.

I! .Samuel Ij Jl'- ought to be done |i •

ti'pn; for, in Johnson's "Wonder-working Providence, lib. I. c. 27, T\'e are
i;jojnned, that the practice was designed "of purpose to prevent the heathenish
and popish observation of days, months, and years, that they maj- be forgotten
auiong ihe people of the Lord."

^ The strange error of the first edition, in giving Itere a wrong book in the
ruble, is easily accomitoil for in note 1 on jiage 74. The editor was almost as
Well aot|uainted with scripture texts as "Wlnthrop, who, wo may be sure, is
referred to by the passage above.

- Ot^ Xathuniel AVard, t!ie author cf the celebrated " Simple Cobler of Aga-
v.am," almost enough will be Ibund in the course of this History, in the biogra-
phies of Eliot and Allen, and in the books cited by the latter, to excuse me
iVoiii saying more. He was m the church of Standon Alassey, near Chipping
f^'iignr, in Essex, about eighteen miles from Loudon, and favored the cause of
N'ew England some years before coming over. See a letter Irom him to Cot-
ton, of December, 1C31, given in Hutchinson, L 120. He was soon after de-
l-rived for his non-<.'onibrmity, and a new rector was inducted 8 August, 1C33.
I'xrfore obtaining that benefice, he had been a curate at St. James, Duke's Plitco.
Loudon, as both places maybe found in Kewcourt's Rt^portorium, I. 017 and
il. 54.J. Brook, in his lives of the Puritans, seems ignorant of the title of the
i«>ok, which has contributed, by its anonymous audiorship, to spread most
^i h ly his name. Yet he qiiOt*^< from a writer the strange news, that he " dis-
(oviTi-d great loyalty to the king, and mi'eh solieitude for his majesty's welfare."
TL'it work is very attractive for its humor, and curious for its execrable spirit.

184 THOMAS DUDLEY. [IG34.

About the middle of this monTti, jMr. ^VJierton's pinnace
came from, the French about Port P.O} al. They went to fetch
the two nu n, which hnd been carried by the French from Ma-
'chias, and to demand the goods taken, etc. But iMr. I^a Tonr
made them answer, that he took them as lawful prize, and that
he had authority from the king of France, who chaUenged all
from Cape Sable to Cape Cod, wishing them to take notice,
and to ceriify the rest of tlie English, that, if they traded to the
east of Pemaquid, he would make prize of them. Being de-
sired to show his commission, he answered, that Ids sword was
commission suiTlcieni, ^^ here he had strength to overcome;
where that wanted, he would show his commission.

In the end of this month, three men had their boat fro;^en
up at Bird^ Island, as they were coming from Deer Island,
so as th->y were compelled to lodge there all niglii ; and
in the morniiig they came over the ice to Noddle's ]sic, and
thence to IMolten's Point in Charlestown, and thence over the
ice, by Mr. Hotfe's, to Boston. At the same time six others
were kejn a v-.'eek at the Governour's Garden ; and in the end

*155 S'"^^^' "^' ^^'^ ^^^'^^^ ^^'-^^ ^^'' -^^at^^pan Point; for, near all that
time, there was no open place between the Garden and
Boston, neither was there any passing at Charlestown for tv\-o
or three days, the wind about the N. W. three weeks, with much
snow and exirem.e frost.

[V^cry large blank.]
Mo. 1'2.] A.bottt the middle of tliis month, a j| proper [j young
11 promp [j

^ Tliis islanil i.s not remembered by any person now alive, I believe, as a spot
on wliich men might lodge, aUliough some soil, covered at high tldr>, perniittod
a coarse vegelatiou of grass within sixty years. That soil is now so -vsashetl
away, that the rocks, on which it r».'sted, are not visible till near low water. So
early as 1 o/>0, permission to mow the marsh there was granted to Th.onias Munt ;
and the town gave, eight years after, a lease of i' for sixty years at an anniuJ
rent of twclvi.- pence in silver, or a bushel of si\]t. Belter evidence of the de-
vastation of tin- detail, if belter were warite'l, "^Nill be found in a comjiarison ol
the modem .^tate of Nix's ^late, so called, on whidi is barely room for a sea
mark, with v.-hat it must h;ue been in Scpr.nibtT. lO.'ii;, -when the general court
granted •• twelve acres of land to John Gallop, upon Xixc's Island, to enjoy to
liim and his heirs forever, if (he inland be so mucli."

1634.] TflOrvfAS Dl'DLEY. 1^5

man, ?< rvpni to Mr. E<'ll:ngham, passing over the ice to Win-
nesemett, fell in, and was drowned. Divers others fell in, in
that and other places, bui, by God's providence, were saved.

14.] Capt. Wiggin, governour at Pascataquack, under the
Lords Say and Brook, wrote to Hoiirjl governour, desiring to
have two men tried here, who had committed sodomy with
each other, and that on the Lord's day, in time of public
exercise. The governour and divers of the assistants met and
conferred about it, but did not think fit to try them here.^
[Large blank.]

Mo. 1. 4.] A general court at Newtown. Mr. Hooker
preached, and showed the three great evils.-
[Very large blank.]
At this ourt, one^ of the deputies was questioned for deny-
llthey

1 It is apparent, from inspection of the MS., that the last sentence of this
paragraph Ma< written at a later time than the preceding. The desire of ^^'ig-
gin seems to imply a defect of criminal juristliction ; but the refusal, on our part,
to accept it, was a very prudent measure.

2 Perh.aps these evils were evanescent, though it may be otherwise; but pos-
terity, I believe, is deprived of the light shown to our fathers.

8 The nau\e was j)artly written in the autlior's MS. but erased. It appears,
however, a few pages onward. An explanation worth transcribing is fuund in
Col. Rec. I. 137 : '■ Whereas Jlr. Is'-ael Stoughtou hath written a ceilaln book,
which hath occasioned much trouble and otVence to the court; the said Mr.
Stoughton did desire of the court, that the said hook might fortliwitli be bumt^
as being weak and otH'iisIve." .Such ahnost; unLxanijiled modesty, in an author,
did not, however, propitiate the severe justice of the assembly; for\)n the same
p«'»ge appears an order, " that Mr. I.-rael Stoughton shall be disabled for bearing
any public ofTioe in tlie commonwealth, within this jurisdiction, for the space of
three years, for affirming the assistants were not magistrates." But his disabil-
ity was removed or overlooked beibre the expiration of the sentence ; for, in
December of the year 1630, he was ag.iin a deputy, and being orthodox on the
subject of the antlnomiau controversy, was chosen an assistant the following
spring. He conunanded the forces in the Pequod exj)edition in the s,'imc year.
Tlie General Index to 1 Illst. Coll. X. 29o, must be WTong in ascribing to
Thomrvi Stoughtou the erection of the mill atXeponsit; for our Col. R<;c. 1.
Ill, mentions, tliat Israel had liberty granted " to build a mill, a wear, and bridge
over Xcpon/it Iviver, and is t.> sell the alewlve? be takes there at five shillings
the thousand."

Thomas, who went to "Wliidsor, was, I presume, brother of Israel, and, proba-

16*

186 THOMAS DUDLEY.

[leai.

*loG ^'^^ *^^ TnagiHfmcy among uri, anirming that the power of
the govfrnour was but niinistcrial, etc. |1 He j] had a!<o
much opposed the magistrates, and || -slighted |j them, ami
used many weak arguments against the negative voice, as him-
self acknowleflircd n])on record, lie wa? adjudged by all the
court to be disabled for three years from bearing any public
office.

One ^ of the assistants was called to the lower end of th.;
table to answer for refusing to pay towards a rate made by the
court, and was fined ■£ '), which was after released.

Mr. Eudecott was called to ansv.'cr for defacing the cross in
the ensign ; but, because the court could not agree about the
thing, whether tlic ensigns should be laid by, in regard that
many refused to follow them, the whole cause was deferred
till the next general court; and the commissioners for military
affairs gave order, in the mean time, that all the ensigns should
be laid aside, etc.

At this court brass farthings were forbidden, and musket bul-
lets made to pass for firthings.

A ji'= commission Ij for military affairs was established,
IP which II had pou<ii- of life and lirab, etc.'-^
[Very large blank.]
Ilandjl ||-<ti;.'matized|| ipconiinissionerU ll*who|j

bly, came first to Xo\v Enixland; for he Avas admitted freeman in ]May, 1631,
wtile tlie same Eecord.^ show that Israel took the oath 5 November, 16:33.

In the latter part of this History it uill be found, that Stoughton went U>
England, and be'-ame a lieuk'nant coIomvI is. Lhe parliaiiieuL's soivice, and ditd
during the civil war. He was father of the celebrated ^N'illiam Stonghton, fir-t
lieutenant governour named by the crown under the charter of William and
Waiy, anrl chief justice in the trial of the witches." In that lamentable delusion
his agency mayahnost be forgiven, by future generations, tor his munificence to
Harvard College, in ^vhir-h one of the halls perpetuates his memory. Quincy's
History of trio University well delineates liis character. His epitaph, clos<ly
imitated from that of Pascal, is in 1 Hist. Coll. H. 10. A bachelor seMosn
attaineil such honors in the' infancy of our country ; but he had prea^^hed.

1 Pynchon was the otiender. For the same cause fines were imjwsed, at tlio
same tiiuo, on the towns of Sagus and Salem, and all were released together.

- From the greatne-^s of the powers granted to this body, a fuller acconpv
than Winthrop has givt-n may reason djly be extracted from Col. Ecc. I. i:*-' ;
*'It is ordered, that the present governour, deputy governour, John Winthr',",
John Humfrey, John Haynes, John Kudtv.ott, ^Vi^ianl Coddln"-ton, Wiili.t:''

-^^^•^•^•J THOMAS DUDLEY. 10-.

10/

W.] T^vn af ti,e dders of ev.ry church met at Sagu., .
and spent there three days. The occasion was, that di- ^^^
vers of the brethren of that ehareh, not liking the proceedings
of he pastor, and wUhal making question, whether they were
acmrchor not, did separate from church communion The
pasle.r and other brethren desired the advice and help of the re<t
of the churches, who, not thinking fit to judge of the cans;,
«.thou hearmg the other side, ofiered to meet at Sa^us about it.
l^pon tins the pastor, etc., required the separate members to
dchverthe.r grievances in writing, which they refusing to do,
he pnstor, etc., wrote to all the churches, that, for thi° cause
they were purposed to proceed against them as persons e.x-
conu^uiucaled; and therefore desired them to stay their iour-
ney, etc. This letter being read at a lectnre at Boston, hvhere
--ome ot the elders of every church were present,) they all
agreed (with consent of tlieir churches) to go presently to
feagus, to stay this hasty proceeding, etc. Accordingly, beinc
met, and both parties (after much debate) being heard, it wat
agreec., that they M'cre a true eh.rrch, though not constituted, ,it
first H. due order, yet after consent and practice of a church
estate had supplied that defect; and so all %vere reconciled.

[Large blank.]
^o. 2.] Some of our people went to Cape Cod, and made

PyncLon, Increase Xowell, Richard Bellingham, Esquire., ar.d Simon Brad-
street or the n.jor part of then, who are dopiUed b v this' coi.rt to .M^^^lc
aU luuiarv-anau-s ul,a::.o..-..r, sluall have lull power and authoritv to L a'l
foruier aws concerning all military men and munition executed ; and also .hall
have lull power to ordain or remove all military officers, ani to mike and
ntkforr'Tt"'"1''''''° ''"'■'" P'"^"'^' *^''^^"^^I-^ «f-'l companicMo

Znl! "T '"' r.^ V'"=^ '^ °^^^""''' ^"^ '^ ^— "-^ them forth

upon any occasion they thmk meet; to make either offensive or defensive war;

^IC. ^f ^"^^-^ t'-t nuiy befal u.; and. al.o, that the atbresaiS con>

a that they shall judge to be enenues to the commonwealth : and such a. will
- 1 ro.ne under command or restraint, a.s they shall be reqmred. it shall be law- •-
nor iH. sa.d eomnu.s.o:,ors to put su.h persons to death. This onl.r to con-

u ; T. ,""'' °""'"^ ''''''■" ^' ''^ P-'-'^-' tron. court to

-urt, several times, and so:ne new members were occasionallv r.dKd.

18S • JOHN IIAYNES. [1635.

some oil of a wlinle, which was cast on shore. There weve
three or four cast np, as it seinis there is ahnost every year.

26.] An alarm was raised in all our towns, and the govern-
our and assistants mot at Boston, and sent forth a shallop to
Cape Ann, to discover what ships were there. For the fisher-
men had broviL^lit in word to Marblehead, that two ships had
been j[4iover!ng- [| npon the coast nil the day ; o}ic of about four
hundred tons, and the other three hundred and fifty, and were
gone in to Cape xVnn. But it p .oved to be only one ship of
eighty' tons, bound for Riclunan's Isle, and the other a small
pinnace of ten ions.

30.] The governour and assistants sent for Mr. Williams.
»^ rq The occasion was, for that he had taught publicly, that a
magistrate ought not to tendei an oath to an unregenerate
man, for that we th<-re])y have connnunion with a wicked man
in the worship of God, and cause him to take the name of Go;]
in vain. lie Avas heard before all tlie ministers, and very clearly
Ij -confuted [|. ?ilr. Endecott was at first of the same opinion,
bnt he gave place to the |j ^truth jj.

jNIo. 3. 6.] A general court was held at Newtowm, where
John Ilaynes, Esq., was chosen governour, Ricliard Beliing-
ham, Esq., deputy governour, and jMr. Hough and Mr. Dummer
chosen assistatds^ to the former; and Mr. Ludlow, the late
deputy, left out of the magistracy. The reason was, partly, be-
cause the people would exercise then absolute power, etc., and
partly upon some speeches of tlie deputy, who protested
against the election of the govenMnr as void, for that the dep-
uties of the several towns had agreed upon the election before
they came, etc. But tiiis was generally || ''discussed, |i and the
election adjudged good.

Mr. Endecott was also left out, and called into question about
the defacing the cross in the ensign ; and a committee was
chosen, viz., every town chose one, (which yet were voted by
all the people.) and the magistrates chose four, who, taking
the charge to consider of the olfencc, and the censure due to it,
II Leaving,! |j-coiifes.sod{| jj •'' teacher |j ||'' distrusted i|

1 The other assistants wore "Wmthrop, Pudk-y, IluiatVcy, Coddington, Pyn-
choajNowell, BradstiTOt, rnd Wiuthroji, juu.

WAo.] JOHX HAYXES. 1S9

an.'l to ccnifv the court, aftfr one or two hours [j time, j{ made
report to the court, that they found his offence to be great, viz.,
rash and without discretion, taking upon him more aiuhorit\'
than he had, and not seeking advice of the court, etc.; |j-nn-
charitable,!! in that he, judging tlie cross, etc., to be a sin, did
content himself to have reformed it at Salem, not taking care
that others might be brought out of it also ; laying a blemish
olso upon th.; rest of the ?nagistrates, as if they would suffer
idolatry, etc., and giving occasion to the state of England to
think ill of us ; — for which they adjudged him worthy admoni-
tion, and to be disabled for one year from bearing any public
ofTice; declining any heavier sentence, because they were per-
suaded he did it out of tenderness of conscience, and not of any
evil intent.^

Some petitions of grievances were tendered to the court in
the beginning of it, but the court refused to hear any, or to
II tlie.y II II - unwarrantable jj

^ Ifad his oonscionce been as enlightened as it ^vas tender, he would have
conformed to the hannless custom ; but, next year, mtm of soberer judgment
were found ready to refuse compliance with bearing the standard of their
country, and almost willing to imitiUe the outrage of Endecott A tract of
lioarly thirteen pages, in defence of the cross, by the celebrated Hooker, is
among the MSS. of our Historical Societ}-; but I have neither courage nor
curiosity enough to si'idy it. AVc may not imagine, that our ancestors had
cart-fully scrutinized the ecclesiastical fible of the holy sign in Constantine's
vision, or were sufficiently instnicted to repudiate the consecrated Labarum of
tJv? first Christian omjjerour ; and pi'rhaps aii Knglishuum of our times may pre-
sume, that tlicie -i^-as a? much policy, as abhorrence of idolatry, in their dread of
the banner of St. George. Yet this j)rosumption would be unfounded. Tliough
there appears, in September precetJtng. s..mething like prepared opposition to
exj)ected tyranny, I do not discover, in these weak scruples about the ensign,
any affectation of inrlopendence, to which, a few years later, their circumstances
offered very powerful inducements.

In the flag of the United States are exhibited white stars in a blue field ; but
the most punctilious imitator of the severe simplicity of the fathers of New Epl'-
bnd has never eonii>ared our service under it to the hcadicni.-h abomination of
worshipping the host of heaven. An anecdote of a politic use of these en.blems
by Barlow, -nhen nt^gotiating at Algiers, proves that a dis.-ased conscience n\ight
cntertidn this scruple, bccau-c the im.igitiation can thus ap])lv t!ie obicct. He
Siiid to the .Minister of the Dey, '11k re ought to be friendship between our
countries, since you worship the niuon, and we the stars.

190 JOIIX UAYyES.

[1G3

meddle in any ji coars-es || but lual-inp^ freemen, until the elec-
tions were passed. i The governour and deputy were elected
by papers, wherciii their names were WTitten ; but the assistants
were chosen by papers, without names, viz. tlie governour {jto-
pounded one to ihe people; then they all went out, and came
in at one door, and every man delivered a paper into a hat.
Such as gave their vote for the jKirty named, gave in a paper
with some figures or scroll in it ; others gave in a blank.

The new governour, in his speech to the people, declared his
purpose to spare their charge towards his allowance this year,
partly in respect of their love showed towards him, and partly
for that he observed how much the people had been pressed
lately with public charges, whicli the poorer sort did much
groan un-der.-*

A petition was preferred by many of D-^^rch ester, etc., for
*160 '■'^l^^^^'^o ^^'f" sentence against Mr. Sloughton the last
general court; but it was rejected, and the sentence
afTirmed by the country- to be ju:t.

Divers jealousies, that had betti between the magistrates and
deputies, were now cleared, with full satisfaction to all parties.

The matter of altering the cross in the ensign was referred to
the next meeting, (the court being adjourned for three weeks,)
it being propounded to turn it to the red and white rose, etc.,
and every man was to deal with his neiglibors, to still their
minds, who stood so stiff for the cross, uniil we should fully
agree about it, which u^as expectftd, because the ministers had
lleciusp?!!

1 Ono of those prtitiniw vns on the maltt-r of Endeoott's cen.-^i'.re. The w!:^.Io:n
of this resolution of tlie oourt,in whieh W£ts now assembled all the people entitled
to vote for governour and assistants, exeept those in towns Avhich sent proxies,
■R-ns strongly exhibited two years later, when, in the eontest tor the eleiti.^n
between Vane and "W'intlirop, the precedent was followed. A full examination
of that snbje<jt, with others, may be found in lour tracts i>reserved in Ilutoh.
Coll. 63-101.

- The as'^essniint at this court was £-2i)ri, only one-third of the amount in tlu^
autumn b. fore, and it was apportione-l thi-s: — To Dorehester, Boston, and
Xewtov.n, £27. C. 8, e;' h : Roxbury and AVato-t'nvn, i2'i, ea'di ; Ch;irlestn\vn.
Salem, and Sagus, i!!''. e.icji ; :Medi;)r(l, ilO ; Ipswich and Xe'.vbury, JCS, ea* h ;
Wessaaruscus, £l. Col. Roe. I. 1J2.

lCo-3.] JOHN nAYx^:s. 29^

promised to take |i pains jj ;i1,o>rt il, and to write into Eiiirland,
to have the judgments of the most wise and godly there.^^

The deputies having conceived gi-eat danger to our state, in
regard that our magistrates, for want of positive laws, in many
cascs, might proceed according to their discretions, it was a-reed
that some men should be appointed to frame a body of grounds
of laws, in resemblance to a Magna Charta, which, bein- al-
lowed by som." of the ministers, and the general court, should
be received for fundamental laws.

At this general court, some of the chief of Ipswich desired
leave to remove to Quascacunquen, to begin a town there,
which was granted them, and it was named Newberry.

i^lso, Watertown and Roxbury had leave to remove whither
they pleased, so as they continued under this government.
'Ihc occasion of their desire to remove was, for that all towns
m the bay began to be much straitened by their own nearness
to one anocher, and their cattle being so much increased.

21.] A Dutch ship of one hundred and sixty tons arrived at
Tvrarblehead. Cupt. Hurlston came merchant. She came from.
Christopher island. She brought one hundred and forty tons
of salt, and ten thousand weight of tobacco.

[Blank.]
_ This island lies in eighteen degrees, and is about thirty miles
m compass, inhabited by two colonies, one English and another
French. Th.re is in it about four thousand persons. Tliey
have three English churches, but the people are very wicked, as
thf> merchant (wlio dwelt there live years) complHined. Tl:o
salt is made with the sun in a j| ^•naruril|| pan, half a mile from
the sea. Their rain begins in September, and continues till
r ebruary.

Mo. 4. 3.] Here arrived two Dutch ships, who broucrht .-.p^
twenty-seven Flanders mares, at £24 a mare, and three
hor>es; sLxty-three heifers, at £12 the beast; and eightv-ei-ht
sheep, at 50^. the sheep. They came from the Tessell 'in five
IIP'-'\vors|f li^watLTiugJI

Answers of those "mo?r wise aiul godly- in Kn-lan,1 have not thUfa In ni)
^J;\v. The tract of lirvjkcr, before Uicutione.l, in note on pa^c l.VS. from ylt)
slight examination, api>carsto contain a temperate censure of Kudecott.

im JOHN IIAYNES. [lG3o.

v.'eok.s "three duy>, and lojt not one bf'»il or sheep. IJcre
arrived also, the same day, the James, a siiip of three hundred
tons, with cattle and passengers, which came all safe from
Southampton within the sanie time. jNIr. Graves was ma^ttT,
who had come every year for thc?e seven yenrs.'^ 7. The Lord s
day there came in seven other ships," and one to Salem, and
four more Jo the mouth of tht' bay, with store of passengers and
cuttle. They came all within sb: w-eeks.

For preventing the loss of time, and drunkenness, which
sometimes happened, by people's running to the ships, and rhe
excessive prices of commodities, it was ordered, that one in each
town should buy for all, etc., and should |j retain || the same
within twenty days at five per liundred, if any came to buy in
that time. Hut this took no good effect; for mt^st of the people
would not buy, except they inlghl buy for themselvef ; ,.an,d the
merchants ap])oiutcd could not disburse so much money, etc. ;
and the seamen were much discontented, yet some oi tiieni
brought their goods on shore ond sold them there.

IG.j A bark of forty tons arrived, set forth with twent) ser-
vants, by Sir Richard Saltonstall, to go plant at Connecticut.

By a letter from the Lord Say, and report of divers passen-
gers, it was certified to us, that Capt. Mason and others, the
adversaries of this colony, had built a great ship to send over
the general governour, etc., v.'hich, being launched, fell in sunder
in the midst.

It appeared likewise, by a copy of a petition sent over to us,
that they had divid d all this country of New England, viz.
between St. CroLx in the cast, and that of Lord ISartimore,
called IMarjdand, into twelve provinces, disposed to twelve in
England, who should send each ten men to attend the general
governour coming over; but ||-'tiie project [took] not effect. ji
The Lord frustrated their design.'^

Ij return |[ |j -" this pro\ed iwt eilectual |j

1 In the custom-liou:<e return of names of pas-sengors by this ship, pre^L'rve(l
at the State Paper OlUce in ^^'estmInst(.•r, the name of the master for this voyage
is -vvritten, Coo[)er. Possil)ly, Graves \Yas the owner.

" Kev. Poter Ilwbari, wife, and four children, were in one of these.

' This idle division of Anierican provinces may be seen in Hubbard, 228.

1635.] JOHN IfAl'^'ES. 193

Two carpenters, goin- to wash thernsel\ps m tlie river
between iMount WooUastoii and Wessagnscus, were carried
away with the tide, and drowned.

[Largo blank.]
24.] IMr. Graves, in the James, and Mr. Hodges, in the ».^.^
Rebecka, set sail for the Isle of Sable for sea-hor^e (which
are there in great number) and vrild cows. Mr. Jolm Rose,
being cast ashore there in tlio [Mary and Jane] tu'o years since,
and making a small pinnace of tiie wTeck of his ship, sailed
thence to tht; French upon tlie main, being thirty leagues off,
by v.-hom he was detained prisoner, and forced to pilot thorn to
the island, where they had gi-eat store of sea-horse |lteeth,|| and
cattle, and jj -store {| [of] black foxes; and they left seventeen
men upon the island to inhabit it. The island is thirty- miles
long, two miles broad in most places, a mere sand, yet fitll of
fresh water in ponds, etc. lie saw about eight hundred cattle,
small and great, alJ red, and the largest he cer saw, and many
foxes, whereof some perfcot black. There is no wood upon it,
but store of wild peas and tlags by tlie ponds, and grass. In
the middle of it is a pond of salt water, ten miles long, full of
plaice, II ■" soles, ii etc. The company, which went now%arried
twelve landmen, two mastitis, a ||*house,I| and a shallop.

August 2C.] They retLirned froin their voyage. They found
there upon the island sixteen Fienchmen, vrho had wintered
there, and built a little fort, and had killed some black foxes.
They had killed also many of the cattle, so as they found not
above one Inindrcd and forty, and but two or three calvc:?.
They could kill bat !|^"few|i sea-horse, by reason they were
forced to travel so far in the sand as they were too weak to stick
them, and they came away at such time as they used to go up
phighestjl to eat green peas. The winter there is very cold,
and the snov/ above knee deep.

Mo. 5. 8.] At the general court, Mr. Williams of Salem was
summoned, and did appear. It was laid to his charge, that,
being under question before the magistracy and churches for
divers dangerous opinions, v\y.. 1, that the magistrate ought not
to punisli the breach of the fir-t table, otherwise than in such

llWankll ipsomell |Pblankl| |i^horsoi| H'Mlv.lj rh^-v^htsW
VOL. I. 17

[ib-io.
cases as did disturb the rivil poace ; 2, tl.at he ought no^ tc.
tender an oath to an unrcgenerate man; 3, that a man ov,..-ht
• not to pray ^vith such, though wife, child, etc. ; 4, that a rrmn
ought not to give thanks after the sacrament nor after meat
etc.; and that the other churches were about to ^^Tite to ^h.'
clurrch of Salem to admonish him of these errors ; notwiths^and-
ing the churrh had since called him to [the] office of a teacher
Much debate xvns about these tilings. The said opinion, were
adjudged by all, magisti-ates and ministers, (v.dio were desired
*163 *° ^" pi-'v-ent,) to be erroneous, and very danp-erous, and the
calhng of him to office, at that time, was judged a great con-
tempt of authority. So, in firie, jj time \\ was gi'ven to him and
the chiurch of Salem to consider of these thin-s till the next
general court, and then either to give satisfactio^n to the court
or el.e to expect the sentence ; it being professedly declared bv
the ministers, (at the request of the court to give then: advic/)
that he who should obstinately maintain such opinions, (where-
by a church mi.,ht run into heresy, apostacy, or tyranny, and
yet the civil magistrate could not intermeddle,) were 'to be
removed, and that the other charches'ou<7ht to request the
magistrates so to do.^

At this coiu-t ^Yessaguscus was made a plantation, and Afr.
liuli, a minister §in England,§ and t^venty-one families with
h.m, ahowed to sit down there - after called Weymouth.
II tlicre II

MVe ought rot to ceusure men. the deel.rotion of the .h^^^^^^he policy
or tao court m a.king tb.I. a-lvio.. Ch.rch and state .ere too often pL";.'
"ito each otlKTs hand. -if so irreverent a phrase mavbe allowed -and thus
sar,ctiiying principle, and conduct, >duch either would not have, sinc^lv, venunv-d
to adopt or enforce. • o . j

--^ Of reverend IJenjamin Hull further account can hardly be obtained, except
hat .n the Mb journal of Ilobart. Ta-st minister of Ilingham, on 5 .Alav, lt^39,
I find -Mr. Hull .avc hi.s farewell senaon." Mather in MagnaUa, mentions

VTt 1>^'"T:\ ; ' ^^''^ "^ ^^°^'^- ^^"^ ^^'Sn- book Ur. ,^th 1 Hist. Coll.
Vil. .r,4. rrobably the same person, in this history, 3 month, 1643, is called
•an excommunicatr-d pei^on, and very conlentions ; " yet, in the Maonalla,
book ^ II. Oa, :^Iather. d-.-scriblng the perils of Mrs. Heard, at the famous a^s.ault
by the IncLans on Cocheco, in 1689, makes her "daughter of Mr. Hull, a
reverend minister, lunuerly living at l^iscataqua." In o.r s.coad volume, some
l.ulure, m propriety, it wlil be seen, is attrlbute.l to his sou.
A careful history of -W'e^Taouth is nuudi wanted.

1635.] JOUX HAYNES. 195

A plantation was likewise erected at Bear'ri Cove, after cailed
11 Hingham.li ^

12.] Mr. Jiiixon^ arrived here in a small pinnace. He fished
at the Isle oX SUoalsj as he had done many years, and, re-
turning to sell his fish at market, was taken in foggy
weather, and curried into the bay of Port Royal, and there
wrecked n})on a small island about [blank] leagues from the
main. So he built a piniiace, and came hither in her.
[IJlauk.]

Salem men had preferred a petition, at the last general court,
for some land in Marblehead Neck, Avhich they did challenge
as belonging to their town ; but, because they had chosen Mr.
Williams their teacher, while he stood under question of au-
thority, and so oflered contempt to the magistrates, etc., their
petition was refused till, etc. Upon this the church of Salem
write to other chnrches, to admonish the magistrates of this as
a heinous sin. and likewise the deputies ; for which, at tiie next
general court, tlieir deputies were not received until they sliould
give satisfaction about the letter.'

Mo, 6. Aug. IG.] The wind having blown hard at S. and
S, W. a week before, about midnight it came up at N, E, and

ivm'riiam

^ By this establishment, or erecti'/n, ofa pI;uitation, Ave nuu-t not undcT«tancI,
that settlements wore then first made at the ?jxit, but tliat a municipal govem-
meut was permitted there, or that tlie place was allowed to have deputies in the
general court. '\\'e~fagiiscu3 had, at tlie last general court, boeu ai^sesjud ; and,
at the sa u:; tiir.f, .Xj-eph Audrev-'d was " <"s\orn con^tabh- of Bareccve." >[auj-
of the inhabitants were made freemen of the colony in the preceding yiai'.
The ppeUing of the name varies between tlio Colony Records and this History,
and each, in diirerent places, has dilferent orthogi-aphy. Perhaps it sometimes
was thought a natural resort of beai-s ; jjerhaps sometimes the appearance of the
cove, at low water, regulated the letters used to express the same sound. The
new name was given by the general court. 2 September, 1G3.5, because the
pastor and most of his flock came from Ilingham, in Nort'oik, England.

^^ Josselyn sailed 15 Oct. 1C39, from Boston, in the Fellowshi)), of 170 tons.
Luxon master, and arrived at Biddeford In Devon, 24 Xov., as he tells us.

''' This denial, or perversion of justice, by postponement of a hearing, on a
question of teuiporal right, for sonvo spiritual deficiency in the church or pastor,
will not permit us to think, that the judj^es o'' AVillianis were free from all l.hi.mc
in prcxiucing liis sdusm.

rm. JOII^ IIAYNES. riG3;3.

blew with sar-h violence, wiiJi abuudauce of rain, that it blew
clown many hundiods of trees, §near the towns, § overthrew
some houses, [andj drave tlie ships from their anchors. The
Great Hope, of Ipswich, being about four hundred tons, was
driven on ground at IN'Ir. HoflTe's Point, and brought, back uaain
presently by a N. W. wind, and |j run || on shore at Charlestown.
About eight of the clock the wind came a1)0ut to N. W. very
strong, and, it being then about high water, by nine the tide
was fallen about three feet. Then it began to flow again
about one horn, and rose about two or three feet, which was
conceived to be, that the sea was grown so high § abroad § "with
the N. E. wind, tiiat, meeting with the ebb, it forced it back
again.

§This tempest was not so far as Cape Sable, but to the south
more violent, and made a double tide all that coast §.

In this tempest, the James of Bristol, having one lni» Mired
passengers,^ hone^^t people of Yorkshire, I'ciug put into the
lAe of Shoals, lost there three anchors; and, setting sail, no can-
»ip.-: vas nor ropes would hold, but she was driven within a
cable's Icngtli of the riicks Ij'atjj Pascataquack, when
suddenly the wind, coming lo X. W,, put them back to the
Isle of Shoals, and, being there ready to stri!;e upon the rocks,
they ll^etjj out a piece of their mainsail, and weathered the
rocks. In tkc same tempest a bark of Mr. Alkrton's was cast
away upon Cape Ann, und twenty-one persons drowned;
among the rest one IMr. || * Avery, j|-' a minister in "Wiltshhe, a
llcamejl !!-of|| p-nti| !i'-^"vfy!i

1 Among the nviiul.er .••erf Eichard I\Iatni>r, with liis wili- and cliildren, avA
Jonatiiau ilitcdiell, tlic latter ([ulte a youth, both famous names with the early
divine^ of jMassaehu.-^etl-s. Jiatlier, and some of the o*her passengers, were from
Lancashire. Ills ongiaal journal of the voyage, a very interestijig docmneut,
vas first published in Young's Chron. of Mass.

2 This gentleman, Avhose fate was designed by his companion in adversity to
be forever remembered in the name given to the outer ruck, Avery's Fall, wa.'
cousin of Anthony Thaeher, of whom slight notice is taken in the ue.xt note.
Tliey came to Boston in the James fnin Southampton, arriving in June before.
Fx'om a folio page, in doul)!e column, of the Magnalia, book III. p. 77, we
learn no more of the life of Avery tb.;iu jiis latcsi hours. His boptijmal nanif
was John.

1635.] JOHN IIAYXES. 197

godly man, with his wife and six sraall children, were d'owned.
None were saved but one Mr. Thacher^ and hh wife, who were
cast on shore, and preserved by a powder horn and a bag with
a flint, and a goat and a cheese, cast on shore after them, and a
truss of bedding, and some other necessaries : and the third
day after a shallop came thither to look for another shallop,
which was misrsing in the storm, and so they were pre'^erved.
So as there did appear a miraculous providence in their preser-
vation. The general court gave Mr. Thacher =£26.13.4, towards
his losses, and divers good people gave him besides. The man
was cast on shore, when he had been (as he |j thought |j) a
quarter of an hour beaten up and down by the waves, not being
able to swim one stroke ; and his wife sitting in the scuttle of the
bark, the deck was broke off, and brought on shore, as she
stuck in it. One of the children v^^as then cast dead on shore,
and the rest never found.

§Gabriel lost at Pemaquid ; ^ and Mr. Witheridge and the
II supposed jl

1 An admirable, letter from this suflerir to his brother Peter, a clergjnBan of
the city of Salisbury, relates all the particulars of this slupwreck, one of the
most disastrous that ever afflicted the iron-bound coast of Xew Enp;land. It is
the first article in Increase Mather's Remarkable Providences, and jrivcs to that
work its chief value. It is given by Younnr in the Chron. of I^Iass. The ves-
sel was returning from Ipswich to MarlJehead. Antliony's ne{)!iew, Thomas,
first pastor of the Third Church in Boston, who avoided the peril of his uncle
by coming round on land, was progenitor of most, I think, wiio have rendered
tlijs name, in church and state, iJiustrioiH in Massachu'^etfs. Of the laic de-
er -sed pastor of tlic aVw South Church in this city, Samuel C. Thacher, the
companion and friend of my studies from childhood, no language is too powerful
to express my admiration. Animtc diniidium mea?. A memoir of his father,
the Rev. Dr. Peter Thaeher, late of Brattle Street Church, drawn by one who
knew -well his duty and his undertaking, contains very minute genealogical de-
tails. See 1 Hist. Coll. VIII. 277.

Anthony settled at Cape Cod, and from him descended the late George
Thacher, one of the Justices of our S. J. C.

'■* lliis ship, we kno^v, sailed from Bristol, bat hst from ]\Iilford Haven, 22
June preceding, in company with the James, as Mather, who calls her the Angel
Gabrifl, tells in bis journal. He says, she was of 240 tons, with 14 guns; and
mentions her loss with " most of the cattle, and other goods, with one seaman ;
and 3 or 4 passengers did also perish therein, besides two of tlie passengers that
died by the way."

17*

JOHN HATNES. ' [IC3.5.

Dartmouth ships cut all their masts at St. George. The tide

,^PP roso at Naragansctt fourteen feet higher than ordinary,

and drowned eight Indiana flying from their \vig\vams.§^

At this time a French ship came with commission from the
king of France, (as they pretended,) and took Penobscott, a
Plimoutli trading house, and sent away the men which were in
it, but kept their goods and gave them bills for them, and bad
them tell all tiie plantations, as far as forty degrees, that they
would come with eight ships, next year, and displant them all.
But, by a letter which the captain wrote to the governour of
Plimouth, it appeared they had commission from jVIons. Roselly,
commander at the fort near Cape Breton, called La Havre, to
displant the English as far as Pemaquid, and by it they pro-
fessed all courtesy to us here.

Mr. Vrilliams, pastor of Salem, being sick and not able to
speak, wrote to his church a protestation, that he could not
communicate with the churches in the bay; neither would he
communicate with them, except they would refuse [| com-
munion j] with the rest j but the whole church was grieved
herewith.

[J.arge blank.]

The Dorchester men being set down at Connecticut, near the
Plimouth trading house, the governour, iMr. Bradford, wrote
to them, complaining of it as an injury, in regard of their pos-
session and purchase of the Indians, whose right it was, and
the Dutch sent home into Holland for commission to deal with
our people at Connecticut.

September 1.] At this general court was the first grand
jury, who presented above one hundred offences, and, among
others, some of the magistrates.^

II communication ||

1 Hubbanl has expanded this account of the tempest, 199-201. INIorton's
Memorial infi.n-ms u<, that the marks were visible many years; but his "many
hundred thousand:^ of trees " are by llubbanl reduced to ^^ sotiie thoiu-aiuh:"
Though the more moderate number be generally preferable, we need not I'e^xr,
in this instance, to follow thr original historian rather than the copyer. Such
extent of devastation in the forest has been equalled within our memories,
especially from t!.c gale at the autumnal equinox of 1815.

2 At this court the rate assessed is found In our Colony Kecurd.--, I. 161, a3

1035.] -TOIIN IIAYNES. 199

At this court Mr. Endecoti made a protestation in jn.stifica-
tion of the letter formerly sent from Salem to the other
churcheri. n^ainst the magistrates and deputies, for which he
was committed; but, the same day, he came and acknowledged
his fault, and was discharged,^

Divers lewd servants (viz., six) ran away, and stole a »jp«
skift" and other things. A commission was granted, at
the general court, to Capt. Trask- to fetch them and otlier such
from the eastward. He pursued them to the Isle of Shoals,
and so to Pascataquack, where, in the night, he sin-prised
them in a house, and brought them to Boston. At next court
they were severely whipped, and ordered to pay all charges, etc.

At this court there w^as granted to Mr. Buckly'^ and [blank]

follows: — NewtowTi and Dorche.^tcr, £26.5, each; Boston, £25.10; -Wateiv
town, £19.10; Eoxbury, £19.5 ; Salem, £16; CharIp,-to\vn, £15 ; Ip:;v^-ic}i, £14;
Sagus, £11; .Medfovd, £9.15; Xcwbcry, £7.10; Hhigham, £G; Vre>-inoi'/Ji,
£/; iuall, £2l'0.

1 ^lentioii is made of tlie \HUt on a former page. To sliow tlie degree of
moderation, %v'iili \dnch our c\\'\l Tulcrs treated ecclesiastical subjects, I give an
extract from Col. Rec. I. 1C3: •' AVliereas Mr. I>oger "Williams, one of the
ciders of the church of Salem, hatii broached and divulged divers new and dan-
gerous opinions, against the authority of magistrates ; as also ■writ lettei-s of
defamation, both of the magistrates and churches here, and th.at before any
conviction, and yet maintaineth the same without any retraction ; it is th.ere-
fore ordered, that the said ilr. Willi:un3 shall depart out of this jurisdiction
within six weeks now next ensuing; which, if he neglect to perfomi, it shall be
lawful for the governour and two of the magistrates to send him to sonio place
out of this jurisdiction, not to return any more without license from the court."

"Mr. S:umM.l Sharp is enjoincil to appear at the next ptirtioular couri, to
answer for the letter that came from the church of Salem, as also lo Irinrj the
names of those that xc'dl justify the same, or else to acknowledge his oiTence,
under his own hand, for his own particular."

2 He was of Salem, in the History of which tovra, 1 HisL ColL VI. 253, it Is
related, that he was out in die Tequod war, by which we must, I suppose, under-
stand not Stotighton's, but Eudecott's, expedition. His baptismal name was
William, as the Colony Records give it among the deputies at all the general
courts, from the fourth to the tenth mcluslve.

^ Such is the orthography of the original MS. tliough the head of this family
always f^pelt the nan\c Bulkcley. The character of Kev. Peter Bulkley is so
■well known by the reader of our early books, and the labors of P^Iiot and Alien
have S(i succe-sfully transtcrred to their iingcs the truth, vvhi'di a su(Ce><ion of
reverend descendants had preserved, that it were supererogation fur uie to en-

200 JOHN HAYNES. [-[(^.Zo.

merchant, and about twelve more families, to begin a town at
INiusketaijiiitl, for whicli they were allowed sLx miles upon the
river, and to be free fropi public charges three years ; and it
was named Concord. A town was also begun above the falls
of Charles River.^

[Large blank.]

At the Dutch plantation, this summer, a ship's long boat was
overset with a gust, and five men in her, who gat upon || her||
keel, and were driven to sea four days, in which time three of
them dropt ctf and vv'cre drowned ; and the fifth day the fourth,
being sore beaten, and |j- pained || with hunger and thirst, wil-
♦ jrjQ fully fell otT and was drowned. Soon after the wind came
up at S. E. and carried the boat, wdth the fifth man, to
the Long Island, and, being only able to creep on shore, he was
found by the Indians, and preserved. He was grown very poor,
and almost senseless, with hunger and watching, and would
say, thn.t lie saw such and such come to give him meat, etc.-

The Plimo.ith meji had hired the Great Hope, to go to dis-
plant the Ivieuch, and regain their possession at Penobscott
The master, Mr. || ^Girling, |1 was to have for it ^£200. They
sent 11^ their bark j] vvith bin. and about twenty men; but when
they came, tht'y found the French had notice, and had so strongly
intrenched themselves, (being eighteen,) as, having spent near
all their powder and shot, the bark left the ship there, and
came here to advise with us what iujriher to do ; for they had
•lately lost another bark laden with cc)rn, and could not spare
this to send back again. The generril court, being assembled,
agreed to aid them witli m'\'i and munition, and therefore \\Tote
to them to send one witli commission to treat with us about it,
resolving to drive them out, whatsoever it should cost, (yet first
11 the II Ij- parched;! H'GrlgH ij * her back i|

krge this note. See President StilesV opinion, in 2 Hist. Coll. 11. -260. There
la a good letter of Bulkley in 3 ]Ii<t. Coll. I. 47. He came this scasou ia the
Susan and Fllen.

^ It was afierwards named Dedham, and a very valuable history may he read
in three Centennial discourses of Kev. Alvan Lauison.

- ^Mither, ic book VI. of the Ma;.^nalia, ufipropriatcly called by him TluiumA-
turgus, has a little decorated this narrative of menud alienation.

1635.] JOHN HAYNE S. 201

to put them to bear the charge, if it might be ;) for we saw that
their neigltborliood would be very dangerous to us.^

The next week they sent Mr. || Prence || ^ and Capt. pStand-
ish [| to us, with commission to treat. Four of the commis-
sioners gave them a meeting, which grew to this issue, — *-\rci
that they refused to deal further in it, otherwise than as a
common cause of the wlu^le country, and so to contribute their
part. Vv'e refused to deal in it, otherwise than as in their aid,
and so at their charge ; for indeed we had then no money in
the treasury, neither could we get provision of victuals, on the
sudden, for one hundred men, which were to be employed. So
we deferred all to further counsel.

Mo. 8. 6.] Two shallops, going, laden with goods, to Con-
necticut, were taken in the night with an easterly storm, and
cast away upon Brown's Ishind, near the Giurnett's Nose, and
the men oU drowned.^

Here arrived two great ships, the Defence and the Abigail,
Ij Tierce il \\-S 1|

1 Good union followed fi-o:n the commoa dangsr of the two colonies, whose
prccedincr transactions evidently exhibit a mutual jealousy. I subjoin, from
Colony Reconls, 162, September court, all that is there found of this important
essay towards an alliance : " Agreed, that PLimouth shall be aided with men aud
numition to supplant the French at Penobscot. And it was ordered, that Capt.
Stllanora shall be sent for, to confer with about this business, and recompensed
out of the treasury for his pains, if he be not employed." The hard name of
the engineer is quite strange to all our antiquaries of this age. It is manifestly
a foreign one, probably of some Dutchman, who had seen service at Li.nie, and
was no'.v thought a fit antagonist for the enemie* of the common religion. In a
letter of Gov. Winthrop to his son, John, June, lt'36, in our Appei>.dix, the
same person is mentioned as being arrived in the AVest Indies. I know not
whether he was employed. The ex})ulsion of tise French was reserved for the
vigorous administration of Cromwell, in 1C''4-, when Sedgwick aud Leverett
succeeded with little difficulty.

- This ilistiuguished gentleman, whose name, though commonly in l)Ooks spelt
Prince, is alwavs, as .Judge Davis infonned me, b}' himself written as "VVinthrop
has given it, was long governour of Pliraouth colony. He will be forever re-
nicmbored in the pages of the new edition of ^Morton's Memorial. Every
author, who ti-eats of New England, is lull of his praise, aud my humble ellorts
are not needed to extend it.

' A note in 1 Hist. Coll. VI 11. 0-iO, by the most accurate geographer of New
Enj^land, remarks, that this island is become a shoal.

202 JOTIX HAYXES. m,^^-

with Mr. Wilson, pastor of Boston, Mr. Shepard/ Mr. Joufs,-
and other -^ ministers; amongst others, Mr. Peter,* pastor of tiie
Englisli church in Rotter<him, who, being persecuted by the
English ambassador,— \A'ho would have brought his and "other
churches to the Englisli discipline, — and not having had his
health thi-se many years, intended to advise with the niiidsters
here about his removal.

The special |[ goodness jj of the Lord appeared in this, that

the passengers came safe and hale in all [the] ships, though

some of them long passages,— the Abigail ten weeks from

.*170 ^^^^™*^"^h, with two hnndj-ed and twenty persons, and

many cattle, infected also with the small pox ; yet, etc.^

There came also John AVinthrop, the younger, with commis-

llpvovidencefl

1 It would ])roLab!y be a needless task, for me to add any thing about Shepard
to whatbahcady known in Eliot and Allen, and tlie authors referred to hy the
latter. With him, Slicpard says. "\\ ilson and Jone? were in the Defence, wlilch
^^as very rotten, unfit for such a voyage. His aut- -biography is now accessible
to all, in Young's Cliron. of Mas;-;.

- Little could be expected from my diligent inquiries, respecting this person,
by one that finds nothing but his name kno\vn to Marher, who inserts It in his
fii-st classls of ministers, or Trumbull, I. id4. Both seem to be ignorant of any
thing but what they learn from Wintlirop. Before removing to Faljfield, Conn.
Le was the pattor of Concord. See, in this History, 5 of 5 month, 163G, and 6
of 2 month, lt;o7.

3 Probably Flint, Carter, and A\'a!ton, mentioned by Johnson, hb. I. c. 31. as
coming over this year, are here intended. Perhaj)?' in his work, the name of
Walton is a misprint tor Wa/thm^^, a= +hns ^father calls a roiuliter, wbo caiv.o
froiu England, with the pranomon ^^'illianl, settled at Marblehead. Flint wa.<
admitted of Boston Church 15 Kovember, this year, a fortnight after Yane.
John Winthrop, the son of our author, and the son of Sir Henry Yane, cauic
iu the Abigail, publicly.

* The unhappy celebrity of Hugh Petei^, or Peter, as he wrote it himself, will
excuse me from giving more than a reference to some of the innumerable books
which furnish evidence of his labors, his errors, and his sullerings. He was
executed IC October, 1660. I suppose he got on board the Abigail, privately,
in the Downs, coming from Holland.

^ 6 But of thcMi 2-20, the names of only 180 are preserved in the custom-houso
list at London: arul of the passengei-s by the Defem-e, only 89. No doubt,
excellent reason existed for the .leficleney. Xo minister could embark but by
evasion. Flint, who came with lUilkl.-.-, wa;?, no doubt, a subsidy man, and
therefore forbidden.

liJo-J.l JOllX HAYXES.

203

-ion ^ from the Lord Say, Lo/d Urook, and divers other great
persons in England, to begin a plantation at Connecticut, and
to be govcrnour there. They sent also men and ammunition,
and i:2000 in money, to begin a fortification at the mouth of
the river."

Here came pA<o one Mr. Henry Vane," son and heir to Sir
Henry Vane, comptroller of the king's house, who, being a
young gentleman of excellent parts, and had been employed by
his father (wljen he was ambassador) in foreign affairs ; vet
being called to the obedience of the gospel, forsook the honors
and preferments of the cor.rt, to enjoy the ordinances of Christ
in their purity here. His father, being very averse to this way,
(as no way savoring the power of religion,) would hardly
have consented to his coming liUher, but that, acquainting the
king with Ids son's disposition and desire, he commanded" him
to send him hither, and gave him license for three years' stay
here.

This noble gentleman, having order from the said lords and
others, treated v.-ith the magistrates here, and those who were
to go to Connecticut,^ about the said design of the lords, to this
jssue, — that either the three towns gone thither should give
place, upon full satisfaction, or else sufficient room must be
found there for the lords and their companions, etc., or else
they wotild divert iheii thongliis and preparations some other
ways.

[Large blank.]

November J.J Mr. Vane v/as admitted a member of th^j
church of Boston.

^ See tlie coinmi?<ion in Tmmbnll, I. 497.

- He brouglit liis new wife, and hb brother Deanc, -vvLoso name is denveJ
fjoin Sir John Deane, brother of his morber.

^ Fevr men have done less good T\-ith greater reputation tlian this state-man,
whoso fame rings in history too loudly to require my aid in its diffusion. The
^ncf, but busy exercise of his focultios here, is exhibited wth sufEciout minute-
ness by our author, in -whose page is found no deficiency of respect towards the
fauafic, who was too much honored, in liis cai-ly years, when exalted a; tlie
rival of the father of Massachusetts.

* In the Appendi.x may be seen tlie propo.sitions, of wh'wh the original drafl
^M preserved in the Historical Society's Libraiy, Trumbull Papers, vol. XIX.
P-'ige 213, mitil the Court Street fire of 1 825.

204 JOIDs' IIAYNES. [163.3.

October.] At this general court, JNIr. Williams, the teaciu-r
at Salem, was again con vented, and all the ministers in the
bay being desired to be present, lie was charged with the said
two letters, — that to the churches, complaining of the magi--
#-jr-. trates for injustice, extreme oppression, etc., and the other
to his own church, to j)ersuade them to renounce cornnui-
niou with all the rburches in the bay, as full of antichristian
pollution, etc. He justified both these letters, and maintained
all liis opinions; and, being olfered. further conference or dis-
putation, and a month's respite, he^^hose to dispute presently.
So ]Mr. Hooker was aj)pointed to dispute with him, but could
not reduce him from any of his errors. So, the next morning',
the court sentenced him to depart out of our jurisdiction within
sLx weeks, all the ministers, save one, approving the sentence;
and his own church had him under question also for the same
cause ; and h(\ at his return home, refused communion \\h]\
his own chm-i-h, wiio openly disclaimed hi.-; errors, and wrotf
an humble suijiaj.-sion to the magistrates, acknowledging their
fault in joining with JNIr. Williams in that letter to the churc-hes
against them, etc.

[Largo blink.]

15.] About sixty men, women, imd little children, v.-ent by
land toward Connecticut with tlieir-cows, j| horses, j] and sv.ino,
and, after a tedious and diilicult jom-ney, arrived safe there.
[Very larafe blank.]

The pinnace, which Siv E^^h-ird Saltonstall sent to iake p'.'s-
session of a great quantity of lamdat Connecticut, was, in Iht
retm-n into England, ca^t away upon the Isle Sable.^ The men
were kindly entertained by the French there, and had passage
to IjC Havre, some twenty leagues eagt of Cape Sable, where
Monsieur commander of Rosellc was governour, who entertained
them very courteously, and furnished them with a shallop to
return to us, and gave four of their company passage into France,
but made them pay dear for their shallop ; and in their return.
Illieifi^rs'

^ Saltonstall attributes tbe los? to li-r <lotention. bi.th nt Boston and at Con-
necticut Eivcr. lie thouG;Lt he had a jii^t rlaiin tor satisfaction. See his
iiitcn.'sting letter, copied lor 2 IJist. Cull. Vlif. 4:^, 3.

iGS^ JOHN HAYXES. 205

ilu'V put into Pmor.scot, at sueli time as Girling's sliip lay
therf! ; so that they were kept prisoners there till the sliip was
g-one, and then sent to us with a courteous letter to our govern-
our. A little before, our goveruoiu: had written to him, (viz.
Mous. D'Aubiay,^) to send then^ home to us ; but they were
come, before.

It is useful to observe, as we go along, such especial ♦j^.^
providences of God as were manifested for the good of
these })lantations.

Mr. Winslow, the late governonr of Plimouth, being this year
in England, petitioned the council there for a commission to
withstand the intrusions of the French and Dutch, which was
likely to take efiect, (tliough undertaken by ill advice, for such
precedents might endanger om* liberty, that we should do
nothing hereafter but by commission out of England;) but the
arclibishops, being incensed against him, as against all these
plantations, informed tlie rest, that he was a separatist, etc., and
that he did many, etc., and thereupon gate him committed;
but, at>cr some few iiionths, lie petitioned the board, and was
discharged.

[Ver}- brge blank.]

Another providence was in the voyage of Mr. Winthrop, the
younger, and Mr. AYilson into England, who, returning in the
winter time, in a sna-'Il and weak ship, bound for Barnstaple,
were driven by foul weather upon the coast of Ireland, not
known by any in the ship, and were brought, throngh many
dc-p., raie dangers, inio GallowMV, v,h' ;e they parted, Mr. Win-
tluop taking his journey over land to Dublin, an.d iNIr. AVilson
by sea, and being come within tight of Lundy. in the mouth
of Severn, they were forced back by tempest to Kinside, where
some ships perished in their view. Mr. Wilson, being in Ire-
land, ga^l^much satisfaction to the Christians there about New-
England.

1 Kiiough, the n^afler will probably imagine, about the Frti.eh governour o(
that jiart of Acadia we^t of the St. Croix, or the eastern lialf oi' tl^c present
State of Maine, will be found in this History, boih of his dIsai.puiutjn.Mit.s aaci
lihiiti tN' sii'.-cess. A brief sketch of the ^•.llolc sul>jcet of controversy between
him and La Tour, in which many of our pcojjle were unhappily involved, may
b'C s.ou in Hutchinson, I. 1-27-133. See also note -S on page 117.
VOL. I. 18

206 Join; HAYXES. [16:3.5.

Mr. AYintlirop went to Dublin, and from thence to Antrim in
the north, and came to the house of one Sir John Clotworthv,*
the evening before the day when divers godly persons were
appointed to meet at his house, to confer about their voyage to
New England, by whom they were thoroughly informed of all
things, and received great encouragement to proceed on in their
intended course. From thence he passed over into Scotland,
#^„o and so through the north of England; and all the way he
met with persons of quality, whose thoughts were towards
New England, who observed his coming among them as a
special providence of God.

November 3.] At the court of assistants, John Pratt- of
Newtown was questioned about the letter he wnrote into Eng-
land, wherein he afHrmed divers things, which were untiue and
of ill report, for the state of the country, as that here was noth-
ing but rocks, and sands, and salt marshes, etc. He desired
respite for his answer to the next morning; then he gave it in
writing, in which, by making his own interpretation of some

1 This geiuleuiau became a stroniivoas as^erter of liberty in the long parlia-
ment, aud, being too easily siitisfied with deliveranoe from tyranny, to coincide
■with the designs of Cromwell, was, by that h}-pocrite, with many other early
associates, comuiltted to j)risoQ. From the text we may not conclude positively,
that Clotworthy was one of those who thought of coming to our country; though
many, of equal or higher rcink and fortune, had such designs, in which most of
them were prevented by the government, that had good reason afterwards, says
Hume, to repent of such exercise of authority.

Of Hume's wise remark, however, the foundation i> not solM, clnerly resting
on so poor authority as the ^lagnalia, I. c. 5, 7. Hutchinson, also, mistook the
■weight of the document, to which he refers in Yol. I. 42. Too often he yields
to blather, his relative, more than is right. In her Court of Charles I., Lucy
Aikin ha.s settled the correct view. See Iier Vol. I. 47-2.

- Notice of hL< death will occur in our second volume, sub an. 1645. The
answer. In the text alluded to, was so equivocal, that, in an epistle preserved In
Hutch. Coll. lOG. Sir William Martin says to Winthrop, 29 starch, 1636, omi-
ing receipt of a copy fjom ^fr. Downing. " In the main I find little dlrtercui'o
therein from lils letter." This curious apolog}' was transcribed by me from the
Colony I'ecords, and printed in 2 Hist. Coll. VH. 126. Pratt had made a con-
tract, in 1620, with our company in London, to come out as a surgeon for tiic
plantation, on a salar%-. Ho removed, with most other ]S'ewt(:>wn people, t"
Connecticut, in company with Cov. Haynes, as I presume, from finding ti"-'-"
same name at their first assembly of deputies in ICSO. See Trumbull, 1.103.
Hi3 death, by shipwreck, will be seen in a later year.

16a5.] JOHN HAYXES. 997

passages, and acknowledging his error in others, he gave satis-
faction. I'nis was delivered in under his own hand, and the
hands of Mr. Hooker and some of the ministers, and satisfac-
tion acknowledged under the hands of the magistrates.

Mr. AVinthrop, jun., tlie governour appointed by the lords
for ConnecticLit, sent a bark of thirty t<)n^, a)id about tv«.-enty
men, with all needful provisions, to take possession of the
mouth of Connecticut, and to begin some buildin<T.

9.] About this time an open pinnace, returning from Con-
necticut, was cast away in INIanemett Bay; but all the men
(being sl\) were saved, and came to Plimouth, after they had
wandered ten days in extreme cold and deep snow, not meet-
ing with any Indian or other person.

26.] There came twelve men from Connecticut. They had
been ten day^ upon their journey, and had lost one of their
company, drowned in the ice by the way; and had been all
starved, but that, by God's providence, they lighted upon an
Indian wigwam. Connecticut River was frozen up tht 15th of
this mont'i.

Mr. Hugh Peter, preaching at Boston and Salem, moved the
country to raise a stock for fishing, as the only probable means
to Ij free jj us from that oppression, which the seamen and otiiers
held us under.

28.] Here arrived a small ^XorseyH bark, of tv.-enty-five
tons, sent by the Lords Say, etc., with one Gardiner,^ an ,,-,
expert engineer or work basc,^ and provisions of all sort;
ii-ave;|

174

1 I never saw tliis -vvord before ; but cannot doubt tliat it is the sanie gontllitial
as Xorwe^an, or, of the North Ci>uutr_v. Xorse is eonimou ^vith the poets and
others.

- From this peison, whose name of baptism was L}(;n, Gardner's Island and
Bay receive their n;une3. Trumbull, I. 61, refers to mimuscripts of his, and
tiiey certainly might have assisted him with some important illustrations of the
oi-igin of the war with the Pejuods, during which he commanded the fort :.t
Saybrwk. He is also spoken of wiih resp<.>et by Saltonstall, in the h'ttcr m-'u-
tioncd in our note on page 171, and by Mason in his History of that war.
Gardiner's own Hisrory of the same is wortii looking into. lie was equally
''rave and intdligciit.

' The phrase is merely a synonym.

208 JOHX IIAYXES. [IG:35.

to begin a fort; at f]:e mouth of Connocticnt. S)io came through
many great tempe^^ts ; yet, through the Lord's great providence,
her passengers, § twelve men, two women §^ and goods, all safe.
Mr. Winthrop liad sent, four days before, a bark, with car-
penters and other workmen, to take possesi-ion of the placr,
(for the Dutch intended to take it.) and to raise some buildings.

A great shalloj), coming from Pascataquaek in a N. E. wind
with snow, lost her way, and was forced into Anasquam ;
and going ont with a N. W. wind, through the unskilfalncss
of the men, was cast upon the rocks, and lost i'lOO worth of
goods.

A shallop of William Lovell,- laden with goods to Salem,
worth £100, was, by foul weather, put into Piimouth, and.
coming out, the men went aboard a small bark by the way,
and their shallop brake loose and was lost, and, about tv, u
months after, was found about Nawset,'^ not much hurt, and tlie
goods were, most of them, saved by some PJimouth men, who
had notice of it by the Indians.^

[liaiTie blank.]
*175 lOber, 10.] The ship Rebecka, about sixty Ions, camr.
from Connecticut, and brought in her about seventy men
and women, which came down to the river's mouth to meet the
barks which should have brought their provisions; but, not
meeting them, they went aVjoard the Rebecka, which, two days

1 This addition to the text of the fiv-^t edition is from "^Vintlirop's margin.

2 He was, probably, of J)oi<he?tCT, aivi fn''.ii him Lu\ ell's Island, iu oar har-
bor, I presume, receives its name.

3 Piimouth people settled there about nine years after, and it has been since
called Easthimi. Sea 1 lli^t. Coll. VIII. Kia.'

■* Of the kindness and justice, with whiL-h the colonists of Tlimouth and ^Mas-
sachusetts had universally treated their uncivilized ne!ghlx)r3, this proof of the
honest and friendly conduct of the aborigines towards them is the stronger,
because indirect evidence. "VVe ought not to forget, that the native inhablUints
of this very spot had indulged a peculiar hatred against the English name, on
account of the perfidious conduct, twenty years betbre, of Ilimt, in kidnapping
twenty of their tril)e, whom he transported for sale In Spain. See the narrative
in most of the books on t!ie earlier atlairs of America, from J^urchas to
Holmes. The invahial'le work of the latt.i annalist <piotes I. Mather, sub an.
lC7j, to prove that Chriatiau blood had iiol been shed in hostility, before that
time, in ^Massachusetts.

jG:j.3.] JOHN IIAV'XKS. 209

bt'fore, was frozen twenty miles up the river, but a small raia
falling set her free; but coming out, she ran on ground at tlie
n}outh of the river, and was foiced to unlade. O'hey came to
^Massachusetts in five days, which was a great mercy of God.
for otherwise they had all perished with famine, as some did.

While the Rebecka lay there, the Dutch sent a || sloop [| to
take possession of the mouth of the river; but our men gate
two pieces on shore, and would not suHer them to land.

The 2d and od of this month fell a snow about knee deep,
with much wind from the N. and N. E.^

Mr. Norton,' fi godly man, and a preacher in England,
coming with his family to the Massiichusetts, the ship, wherein
he was, w-as by contrary winds put into Plimouth, w-here he
continued preaching to them all the winter; and although Mr.
Smith, their pastor, gave over hi.-- place, that he might have it,
and the church used him with all respect, and large offers, etc.,
yet he left them and came to Mossachusetts, alleging that his
spirit could not close Vvith them, etc.
[Lai'ge blank.]

11 mo. January.] The governour and assistants met at
Boston to consider about j\lr. Williams, for that tliey were
credibly informed, that, notwithstanding the injancrion laid
upon him (upon the liberty granted him to stay till the spring)
not to go about to draw others to his opinions, he did u.-,e to
entertain company in his house, and to preach to them, even of
such points as he had been censured for; and it was agreed tO'
send him into England by a shij) then ready to depart. The
reason was, because he had drawn above twenty persons to his
opinion, and they were intended to erect a plantation about
the Naragansett Bay. from whence the infection would easily
spread into these churches, (the people being, many of them,
INl'il'il

^ Such depth of suow^at so early a season, though conmion enough hi the
interlour, among the hills, has not been known on the scacoast lor many
yo.ars.

2 The history of chuirh and state aObrds abundant materials for a biography
of John Norton, one ol" the most learned «!lvlnes thnt came early to our eour'try,
and ii has been compiled by Dr. Eliot T\ith more than Uiual t'eli< ity. .M.uher
and Emerson are more copious.

IS*

210 JOIIN KA^'NES. [lC3o,

much taken with the apprehension of hi:; godliness). Wherc-
*i'-f iipon a warrant was sent to him to come presently to Bos-
ton, to be shipped, etc. He returned answer, (and divers oi*
Salem came with it,) that he could not come without hazard of
his life, etc. Whereupon o pinnace was sent with commission
to Capt. Underliill, etc., to apprehend him, and carry him aboard
the ship, (which then rode at Natascutt ;) but, when they came
at his house, tiiey found he had been gone three days before ;
but whither they could not learn. ^ ,

He had so far prevailed at Salem, as many there (especially
of devout women) did embrace his opinions, and separated
from the churches, for this cause, that some of their mem.bers,
goiti^ xxitv>) England, did hear the ministers there, and when
they came home the churches here held communion with
them.

This month one went by land to Connecticut, and returned
safe.^

IMr. Hugh Peter went from place to place laboring, both
publicly and privately, to raise up men to a public frame of
spirit, and so prevailed, as he procured a good sum of money
to be raised to set on foot the fishing business, to the value of
[blank,] and wrote into England to raise as much more. The
intent was to set up a magazine of all provisions and other
necessaries for fishing, that men might have things at hand, and
for reasonable prices ; whereas now^ the merchants and seamen
took advantage to sell at most excessive rates, (in manv things
two for one, etc.)

Mr. Batchelior of Sagus was convented before the magis-
trates. The cause was, for" that, coming out of England with
a small body of six or seven persons, and having since received
in many more at Sagus, and contention growing between liim
and the greatest part of his church, (who had, with the rest, re-
ceived him for their pastor.) he desired dismission for him -elf

* Abundant causo fur rrjoiuing at the foilure of this t^Tiiunical onler, by
wLu-h the services of Williams would have been transferred to Enghmd, i^
found in the prugn-.-s of the life of t!;e tonndvr of Pnovidence.

^ If it be intomied by the author to mention this as matter of f<.-licitation, it
probably was because the journey wa.s pertbrmed alone.

1635.] JOHN HAYNES. o^^

and hU fir<t members, whioh being granted, upon supposition
that he would leave the town, (as he had given out,) he\\iih the
said six or seven persons presently |j renewed || their old jj -cov-
enant, j| intending to raise another church in Sagus ; whereat
the Upmost ij and chief of the town being offended, for that it
would cross their intentions of calling Mr. Peter or some other
minister, they complained to the magistrates, who, foreseeing
the distraction which was like to come by this course, had ,tr~-y
forbidden him to proceed in any such chtux'h way, until
the cause were considered by the other ministers, etc. But he
refused to desist. Whereupon they sent for him, and upon his
delay, day after day, the marshal was sent to fetch him. Upon
his uppearance and submission, and promise to remove ont of
the towTi within three months, lie was dischcu-ged.

IS.j ^Ir. A'anc and Mj.-. Peter, finding soijie dislracilon 'm
the commonwealth, arising from some difference in judgiiient,
and withal some alienation of affection among the magistrates
and some other persons of qnaiity, and that hereby factions
began to grow among the people, some adhering more to the old
governour, Mr. AVinthrop, and others to the late governour, ]Mr.
Dudley, — the former carrying matters with more lenitv, and
the latter with more severity, — they procured a meeii'ig, at
Boston, of the governour, deputy, I\Ir. Cotton, ^h\ Hooker, Mr.
Wilson, and there was pre>cnt Mr. Winthroji. Mr. Dudlev, and
themselves; where, after the Lord had been sought, ^Ir. Vane
declared the occasion of this meeting, (as is before noted.) and
the fruit ai:ned at, viz. a )nv!re firm and friendly uniring of
minds, etc., especially of the said Mr. Dudley and ^Ir. Winthrop,
as those upon whom the weight of the affairs did lie, etc., and
therefore desired all present to take up a resolution to deal
freely and openly with the parties, and they each with other,
that nothing might be left in their breasts, which might break
out to any jar or difference hereafter, (which they promised to
do). Then Mr. Winthrop spake to this etTect : that when it
pleased Mr. Vane to acquaint him with what he had observed,
of the dispositions of men's mi ads inclining to the said faction,
etc., it was very strange to him, professing solenmly that he
knew not of any breach ber\vccn his brother Dudley and himself,
11 removed Ij jj- covert || H-'restjj

212 JOHN HAYXES. {16,35.

since they were reronciled long since, ncithor did he suspect any
alienation of affection in hiin or others from himself, save that,
of late, he had observed, that some new comers had estranged
themselves from him, since they went to dwell at Xewtown;
and so desired all the company, that, if they had seen any thing
amiss in his government or otherwise, they would deal freely
and faithfully with him, and for his part he promised to take it
in good part, and would endeavor, by God's grace, to amend it.
Then Mr. Dudley spake to this effect : that for his part he came
thither a mere patient, not with any intent to charge his brother
Winthrop with any thing; for though there had been formerly
some differences and breaches between them, yet they had been
healed, and, for his part, he was not willing to renew them
*i --Q ^g^in ; and so left it to others to utter their own complaints.
Whereupon the governour, Mr. Haynes, spake to this ef-
fect : that Mr. Wintlirop and himself had been always in good
terms, etc. ; therefore he was loath to give any offence to him,
and he hoped that, considerijig what the end of this mt'cting
was, he would take it in good part, if he did deal openly and
freely, as his manner ever was. Then he spake of one or two
passages, wherein he conceived, that [he] dealt too remissly in
point of justice ; to which Mr. Winthrop answered, that his
speeches and carriage had been in part mistaken ; but withal
professed, that it was his judgment, that in the infancy of plan-
tation, justice should be adnnnistered with more lenity than in
a settled state, because people were then more apt to transgress,
partly of ignorance of new laws and orders, partly ihrongh
oppression of business and other straits ; but, if it might be
made clear to him, that it was an error, he would be ready to
take up a stricter cour>e. Then the ministers were desired to
consider of the question by the next morning, and to set down
a rule in the case. The next morning, they delivered their
several reasons, which all j| sorted j| to this conclusion, that strict
discipline, both in criminal olTences and in martial affairs, was
more needful in plantations than in a settled state, as tending
to the honor and safety of the gospel. AVliereupon Mr. Win-
throp acknowledged that he was conviTieed, that he had failed
in over much lenity and remissness, and would endcavi.r (by
llsfTvedlJ

162').] joid; rat^jes. " ,213

God's assistance) to take a more strict course hereafter.
AVht-reupoji there was a renewal of love amongst them, and
articles drawn to this eftect : —

1. That there should he more strictness used in civil i^'ovcrn-
ment and rniliiary discipline.

2. That the magistrates should (as far as might ])e) ripen
their consultations beforehand, that their vote in public might
bear (a? the voice of God).

3. That, in meetings out of court, the magistrates should
not discuss the business of r»arties in their presence, nor deliver
their opinions, etc.

4. That trivial things, etc., should be || ended |] in towns, etc.

5. If ditlerences fall out a.mong them in public mectino-s,
they shall observe these rules : —

1. Not to touch any person ditTering, but speak io the
cause.

2. To express their dilTerence in all modesty and due respect
to the court and such as differ, etc.

3. Or to proponnd their diilerence by way of question. *179

4. Or to desire a deferring of the cause to further time.

5. After sentence, (if all have agreed,) none shall intimate
his dislike pri^ately; or, if one dissent, he shall sit down, with-
out showing any further distaste, publicly or privately.

6. The magistrates shall be more familiar and open ench to
other, and mOiC frequent in vi-itations, and shall, in tenderness
and love, admonish one another, (without reserving any secret
grudge.) and shall avoid all jf^lousics and suspicion^, farli
seeking the honor of anoilnT, and all, of the court, not ojXMiing
the nakedness of one another to private persons ; in all things
i^ecking the safety and credit of the gospel.

7. To honor the governour in submitting to him the main'
direction and ordering the business of the court.

S. One assistant shall not seem to gratify any man in
undoing or crossing another's proceedings, without due advice
with him.

9. They shall grac*' and strengthen their under olhci rs in
their places, etc.

10. All con;emi)ts against ihe comt, or any of the magi>li-ates,

II ordered |j

214 JOriX RAISES. fl(5:35_

shall be specially noled and pnnislK-d ; and the magi.strntf's shall
appeiir more solemnly in public, with attendance, apparel, and
open notice of their entrance into the court.^
[Very large blank.]

Mo. 12. 1.] Mr. Shepherd, a godly minister, come lately out
of England, and divers other good Christians, intending to raise
a church' body, came and acquainted the magistrates therewith,
who gave their approbation. They also sent to all the neigh-
*1S0 ^^^'"o churches for their elders to give their assistance, at
a certain day, at New-town, when they shwiid «on*titTite
their body. Accordingly, at this day, there met a gi'cat assem-
bly, where the proceeding was as folioweth :

Mr. Shepherd and two others (who were after to be chosen
to oflice) sate together in the elders seat. Then the older of
them began with prayer. After this, Mr. Shepherd prayed with
deep confession of sin, etc., and exercised out of Eph. v. — that
he might make it to hiuiself a holy, etc. ; and also opened the
cause of their meeting, etc. Then the elder desired to know of
the churches assembled, Vvhat number were needful to make a
church, and how they ought to proceed in this action. Where-
upon some of the ancient ministers, conferring shortly together,
gave answer: That the scripture did not set down any certain
rule for the number. Three (they thought) were too few, be-

1 Though several principles of sound policy were established, the general
result of this conference nu;st, 1 think, be regrettod. When the administration
of Wiutluoj) was inii.ei'.'i:-'l by (>ov. IbiMics .'or tuo great lenity, it seems
natural that such se\ere teiiiTKTs as Dudley, and Vane, and Peter, should unite
in tlie attack ; and a.s the rest of the clergy probably agreed with their ardent
brother I'etei-, tlie maxims of the first governour of the colony would be cer-
ruled; but wh-^n their united influence was strong enough to compel hiui to
acknowledge his reuu'ssncss in discipline, we are bound, as in our early history
we often are. to lament the undue di.^tation of the church. It should be remem-
bered, that Ilaynes and Iluuker were, at this very tune, preparing to establish
themselves as the Moses and Aaron of a new plantation ; 4ind they might '/(.rT'i'.':/
have left Massa'duisetts to be governed by rules, which, though not aluays
observed, had been found beneficial by the earlier inhabitants.

'^ A< the former church preferred to remove to Connecticut in its corporate
state, a new chun-h wn-- gathered, of necesMty, in their phice, at Ne\vto«-n.
I'he same formahty, it wlli be seen, was followed at Dorchester. Yet I cannot
doubt, that several old members of both remained.

1035.] JOHN HAYXES. 215

cause by Matt, xviii. an appeal was allowed from three ; but
that seven might be a fit number, xVnd, fo;' their proeot-ding,
they advised, that such as were to join sliould make confession
of their faith, and declare what work of grace the Ijord had
wrought in them ; which accordingly they did, Mr. Shepherd
first, then four others, then the elder, and one who was to be
deacon, (who had also prayed,) and another member. Then
the covenant was read, and they all gave a solemn assent to it.
Then the elder desired of the churches, that, if they did approve
them to be a church, they would give them the right hand of
fellowship. Whereupon Mr. Cotton, (upon short speech with
some others near him.) in the name of their churclies, gave his
hand to tlie elder, wilh a short speech of their assent, and desired
the peace of the || Lord Jesus || to be with them. Then INIr.
Shepherd made an exhortation to the rest of his bodv; about
the nature of their covenant, and to stand firm to ir, and com-
mended them to thr Lord in a most heavenly prnyer. Then
the elder told the assembly, that they were intended to clioose
INIr. Shejjherd for their pastor, (by the name of the brother who
had exercised.) and desired the churches, that, if they had any
thing to except against him, they v/oald impart it to them
before the day of ordination. Then he gave the chiu-ches
thanks for their assistance, and so left them to the Lord.^

At the lai5t general court, it was referred to the military com-
mJs:.ioners to appoint colors for |j -every j| company; who did
accordingly, and left out the cross in all of them,- appointing
the king's amris to be put into that of Ca.stle Island, and .j^gj^
Boston to be the fir.-t company.

[Large blank.]
II Lord's presence || || -' each ||

1 Comuiemoratlou of this gatliering of the present first church of Cambridge,
by llcv. 'Wiiliam Ncu-cU, it.-: pastor, after two hundred years, is duly furnished
in an admirable, discourse, enriched ^vith an appendix, containing the invaluable
Register of the members, by malchless Jonathan IVDtc'hell, the successor of
Shepbcrd.

- \Vhen the jiarhament, in arms against the king, continued the u^-:- of this
idolatrous emblem, by oixler of our court, in a few years, the red 'toss was
restored, " till the stiite of England shall alter the same, which wf uuieh desire."
Hazard, I. of'-L 1 sun[)Oie the desire abated .'s the royal cauiO -vvas depressed ;
for the banner was the same of the godly and tlie maliguants.

210 JOriN IIAYNES. [1G3.3.

o.] Mr. John ?>I;iverick, teacher of fhe churcli of Dorchester,
die J, Ijeiiig near sixty years of age. lie was a [bhuik] man of
a very hujnble spirit, and faithful iji furthering the work of the
Lord liere, both in the churches and civil state.

21.] Mr. Winslow of Plimouth came to treat with tliose of
Dorchester about their land at ('onnecticut, which they had
taken from them. Il being doubtful whether that })hK-e |jwerejj
within our patent or not, tlie Plimouth men, about three years
since, had treaty with u? about joining in erecting a planta-
tion and trade there. We tliought not fit to do any thing
then, but gave them leave to go on. Whereupon they bought
a portion of land of tiie Indians, and built a house there, and
the Dorchester men (without their leave) were now setting
down their town in the same place ; but, after, they desired to
agree with them; for which end iMr. jj-Winslow|| came to treat
with them, and demr.nded one sixteenth part of theii' lands,
and £100, Vv-hicli those of Dorchester not consenting unto, they
brake off, those of Plimouth expecting to have due recom-
pense afrer, by course of justice, if they went on. But di-
vers resolved to quit the place, if they could not agree with
those of Plimouth.-^

[Large Llank.]

25.] The distractions about the churches of Salem and
Sagos, and the remo^ol of other churches, and the great scar-
city of corn, etc., occasioned a general fast to [be] proclaimed,
which, because the court was not at hand, was moved by the
elder-^ of Ihe churches, and ass'-nted unto by the ministers.
The church of Bo.^iori renewed their covenant this day, and
mafle a large explanation ot that which they had first entered
into, and acknowledged such failings as had fallen out, etc.

jNIo. 1. S,] A mail's servant in Boston, having stolen from
his master, and being threatened to be brought before the
magistrates, went and hanged himself. Herein three things
Ij 'were II observable: 1. That he was a very profane fellow,
given to ciu-sing, etc., and did use to [go] out of the assembly,
II was II II ' Wilson || P arc i|

^ Some reasoiiabli) SiUisfaction to the I'limovitii people, as ■svo l<>aru from Trum-
bull, I. 66, flowed froru this high sense of equity.

^rr.iC).] JOHN RAY^rES. 217

uj)Oii the Lord's (laj-, to rob his master. 2. The manner .»ioo
of his cUjath, being whli a small codiiae, and his knees
touching the tloor of the chamber, and one coming in when he
was scarce dead, (\\ ho was a maid, and while she went to call
out, etc., he was past recovery). 3. His discontent, arising from
the lon^ time he was to serv^e his master, (thougli he were well
used). The same day came a letter from his father, out of the
Bermuda, with money to buy out his time, etc.

The Rebecka came fiom Bermuda with thirty thousand
weight of potatoes, and store of oranges and || limes, || which
were a great relief to our people ; but tiieir corn v/as sold to
the AVest Indies three months before. Potatoes were bought
there for two shillings and eight })encc §the bushel, § and sold
here for two pence the poimd.^

11.] Some occasions of dilTercnce had fallen oni between
the church of Charlton and ]Mr. James, their piistor. The
teacher, Mr. Simmcs, and the mo.st of the brethren, had t^kon
offence at clivers speeches of his, (he being a very melancholick
man, and full of causeless jealousies, etc,,) for which they had
dfult with him, both privately and publicly; but, receiving no
satisfaction, they wrote to all the neigliboring cluirchcs for their
advice and help in the case, who, sending chosen men, (most
elders,) they met there this day, and finding the pastor very
friulty, yet because they had not proceeded with him in a due
order, — for of the two witnesses produced, one was the accuser,
— they advised, that, if they could not comfortably close, him-
self and such as stood on his part, (if they would.) should
desire disinis^-ioji, w liicli sliould 1)^ gj-ant' il them, Ibi avoiding
extremities ; but if he persisted, etc., the church should cast
him out.

30.] Mr. Allerton returned in his pinnace from the French
at Penobscott. His bark was cast upon an island, and beat
out her keel, and so lay ten days ; yet he gate help from Peraa-
({uid, and mended her, and brought iier home.

Mr. AVither, in a vessel of fifty tons, going to Virginia, was
cast away upon Long Island with a W. N. \V. wind. The
llk'iuonsll

^ Tor so small a vessel, this ■was a verv good aclveutiire.

I. 19 ■

218 '^OTTN ITAYNES. [16G6.

r.orn'.apy HnMii^ about tliirty) were, most of them, very profau--
persons, ami in tlfeir voynge did mnch reproach our colony,
vowing they \''ould hang, drown, or, etc., before they would
come liJTJir^r again. Seven were drowned in landing; some
'^ate in a skkj'! i)oat to the Dutch plantation; tr(;\-o were killed
l>y the LuU.in.->, who too!: all such goods as they left on shore.
*., OQ Tliosc ^vho escaped, went towards Virginia in a Dutch
bark, ai.d u'ere never h.card of after ; but were thought to
be wi-ec-scd, ])y some Dutch pails, etc., which were found by the
Indians thereabcut.

Mo. 2 1.1 Mi. blather ^ and others, of Dorchester, intending

1 This was tlie faiher uf Incroa.'^e Miitlier, president of Harvanl College, -vvlio
Avab faluer of the luoro celebralc^l CoLUra Mather, a name that will forever be
perpetuatetl, while the strange contents of the ISragnalia, in which are equally
sinking his vrra.-bus api)eiitc aijcl ill digestion of learning, excite the curio^lty
of atitiVinari'-s. Ol" all three sufficient accounts will be found in the Biograpbi-
cal Dictionary of Ailen, and better still in that of Eliot. Three other sons of
IJichard, ti>: genliemaii named 131 our text, were clerg\TXicn, and are mentioucl
In these works, as is also a greai grandson, who was a minister in Boston ; but
oii thf-m Ah'.n is More nunute tl.an Eliot. Kichard and his wife, Katharine,
were received ViU< Boston church K October preceding. ITe married, in his
old age, the vridow of the great Cotton, and his son, Increase, married a daugh-
ter, whence tlie author of the IMagnaha obtained his name of baptism. Froui
(he Ilccords of Dorchester Firsf CluJrcb I extract this notice: —

. :. '■■• R'fJtord Math'ir. Anagram, A third Chamber.

■, . Third in Nins Hugla, id's Dorchester

Vi'as this orduliK-d irii-.ii?c.'r:
■-•'" ■ Second to none lor Ihiilfulncis,

!'■;''■ ■ •' ■ Ability and u.«cfubiess.

Divine his ch:mas, years seven times seven,
AVise to win son's from earth to lieaveii.
rropUet's rewards he p;?.ia3 above,
• But great 's our loss by his remove.

Ep'taplt.

S icred to (lod, his .scrv.iiit Kichrird Mat'n'r;
So;,-! l:k-' liim, good and great, did call him father.
Ihirt to di-certi a difference in degree
'Twixt his bright learning and high piety.
Sii'.rt timo his sl.H-[)i:ig dust lies covered down;
So en n't his soul, or hi:; de.-crvcd renown.
Fr'-m's birth six hislre's and a jubilee
To his repose; l;ut 1 iborcd hard in thee,

lOaG.j JOHN II.AY.VES. 219

to begin a new church there, (a great part of the old one
being gone to Conaecticut,) desired the approbation of the
other churches and of the laagistnites; and, accordingly, the)'
assembled this day, and, after some of them had given proof
of their gifts, they made confession of their faith, which was
approved of; but proceeding to manifest the work of God's
gi-ace in themselves, the churches, by their elders, and the . , ^,
magistrates, etc., thought them )iot meet, at present, to be
the foundation of a church ; and thereupon they were content to
forbear to join till further consideration. The reason v/as, for
that most of them (Mr. Mather and one more excepted) had
llbuildedj! their comfort of salvation upon unsound grounds,
viz., some upon dreams and ra\-ishes of spirit by fits ; others
upon the reform.ation of their lives; others upon duties and
performances, etc. ; wherein they discovered three special er-
rors : 1. That taoy had not come to liate sin, because it was
fdthy, but only left it, because it was hurtful. 2. That, by
reason of this, liicy had never truly closed ^vith Christ, (or
rather Christ with them.) but had made use of him only to
help the imperfection of their sanctification and duties, and no
made him their sanctification, wisdom, etc. 3. They expected
to believe by some power of their own, and not only and wholly
from Christ.

Those of Dorchester, who had removed their cattle to Con-
necticut before wintt?r, lost the grcaiest part of them this win-
ter ; yet some, which came late, and could not be ])ut over the
nwv, lived very v.'ell all tin- winter without any hay. The
people also vs'ove piit io great sirai'.s foi' wain of provisiitns.
They eat acorjis. and malt, and grains. They lost near c£"2000
M-orth of cattle.

7.] At a general court it was ordered, that a certain num-
ber of the magistrates should be chosen for lit'e;^ (the reason
Ijburdsncdjj

Dorijhf.^ttT, fuur nioro thnu thirty years.

His sacred tiust with ili-'O tliine houor rears.
ObiU April 22, \C,60."
Other lino?, of fcj^ual value, may bo seen in Johnson, lib. I. c. 32.
^ Only three years tlid this council for life subsist The orca-^iou of the csLab-

320 • JOHN HAYNES. [] 0:JG,

v/as, for ilint it was showed from the word of God, etc., tli;d t.}i<;
principal magistrates ought to be for life). Accordingly, th(.'
2'3th of the od mo. .John AVinthrop and Thomas Dudley wen;
chosen to tliis place, and Ifem-y Vane, by his place of go-vcrn-
OLir, was president of this council for his year.^ It was likt;-
wise orderefl, that quarter courts should be kept in several
places for ease of the pcuiple, and, in regard of the |{ scarcity j|
t,c~ of victuals, the remote to\\'ns shoidd send their votes by
proxy- to the court of elections ; and that no church, etc.,
should be allowed, etc., that was gathered without eoiisent of
the churches and the magistrates.

Mr. Benjamin's^ house burnt, and £100 in goods lost.
,...;■ • • llstreialitsjl - '

lialuuent failed T^ith the increase of the troubles in Englaiirl ; and Ihongh fhe
word of Coil showed iLs propriety, jealousy was caur-ed against the body of the
magistrates, v,-ho easily avoided the unpopul.irity. See Hubbard, 24-1, T.ho,
however, copied but partially the account furnished by our author "of ihe pro-
■ceeding-3 of the court in May, 163D. The object of this change in the constitu-
tion, I discover, not in the holy scriptures, but in Cotton's epistle to Lord Say.
It was, to tempt over here some of the peers, and other leading men, who might
expect at home, in due season, to be raised to the upper house, by assuming them
of an equal tenure of power on this side of the ocean.

1 This sentence is in Winthrop's margin.

^ It should be remembered, that the general court, for choice of governour"
and assistants, had tbimerly consi.itud of the wdiole body of the freemen of the
jurisdiction assembled at one place, but that proxies were directed at the court
in JSIarch preceding to be now received, as the Records show : " It is ordered,
that ;hc ['.■-ii. i-i ; court to bt i ohh.ii ia May next, fur eiectiou of niagi>trate-, etc.
shall be holdeu at iJost.jn, and tliat the tonus of Ipswich, Xewbury, Salem,
Sagus, AVeymonth, and llingham, bh;tll have liberty to stay so many of tluir
•freemen at home, for the safuty of tlicir towns, as they judge needful; and that
the said freemen, that are appointed in- the town to stay at home, shall liave
liberty, for this court, to send their voices by proxy."

Another onler, immediately following, is worth transcription : '• .llso it is
agreed, that all other towns that are nearer shall send ten of their members
out of each tov.n to the said court, completely armed with muskets, swords,
shots, etc."

^ Of this person, wlio, from tl;e title given him by AVinthrop, and the amount
of his loss by the casualty, was, we may be certain, of some consideration In the
colony, I have no other information, but that he was admitted free of the com-
pany, 6 Xoveuiber, 1G32, lived at Watertown, and died In June, It'.]:., lli.'^
will, made in that month, and proved in the next, is In our first volume oi

lC:i6.1 JOHN HAYNKS.

221

12.] The Charity, of Dartmouth, of one hundred and twenty
toiis, arriv<-d hero, la. leu willi provisions. She came in with a
strong N. W. wind, and was in great danger to have been lost
between Allerton Point and Natascott; but tiie Lord, in njercy
to his peoj)lc, delivered her, after she had struek twice, and upon
the ||ebb.|| ■Mr. Peter bought all tlie provisions at fifty in the
hundred,! (which saved the country ,£200,) and distributed them
to all the towns, as each town needed.

The church of Salem was still infected with Mr. AVilliarns
his opinions, so as most of them held it unlawful to hear in the
ordinarj^' assemblies in England, because their foundation was
antichristian, and we should, by hearing, hold communion with
them ; and some went so far as they were ready to separate
from the church upon it. Whereupon the church sent two
b;ethren, ajid a letter, to the. elders of the other churches, for
their advice in three poin.ts : 1. Whether (for satisfying the
weak) they j night promise not to hear in England any false
church. This was not thought safe, because then they ^-.^.^
woald dravr them to the like towards the other churches ^^
liere, who were all of opinion, that it was lawful, and that hearing
was not II -churcii || communion. 2. If they were not better, to
grant them dismission to be a church by themselves. This was
also opposed, for that it was not a remedy of God's ordering;
neither would the magistrates allow them to be a church, being
but three men and eight women ; and besides, it were danger-
ous to raise churches on such grounds. 3. A"N'hether they ought
then to excommunicate them, if they did withdraw, etc. Tliis
y:;.s granted, yet, ^vithal, t!i;it if they did not withdrav.- or run
into contempt, they ought, in these matiers of ditVerence of
opinion in things not fundamental nor scandalous, etc., to bear
each with otlier.

[Very large blank.]
l[tliffr ^ ^ H-hoklingll

I'rohate Roconl?. and the inventory in the second. The oldest son is named
J^'hn, after his lather. I presume the second or third generation rornovcd to
Korwich, Connecticut, or its neighborhood, and perhaps the aldorrnan ot' that
»^uic, in this city, some y..ar>i ago, was a desoeudant.

_' I sui»po?e fifly per cent advance is meant. A letter, In the AjmhtuIIx to
{^•'s vobinie, from our author to hi:i son, John, of 2G of this month, tiLv^ notice
'■-■t this purchase, and the amoumt of provisions.

19*

^22 fi^;nuy VANE. [iGrjG.

Mo. 3. !•").] Mr. Peter, preaching at Boston, made an earnest
request to the eliureh for [blank] ihingc : 1. That they wuuld
spare their teaeher, Mr. Cotton, for a time, that he might go
through the Bible, and raise marginal notes upon all the knotty
plaees of the seriptxires. 2. That a new book of |] martyrs jj
might be made, to begin Vvliere the other had left. 3. That a
form of chm-eh governmeut might be drawn according to the
scripture:?. 4. That they would ti:.ke order for employment of
people, (es])ei-iany women and children, in the winter time;)
for he feared that idleness would be the || -ruin |] both of clnu-ch
and commonwealth.

Here arrived a ship, c;dlcd tlie St. Patrick, belonging to Sir
Thomas Weutworth,^ depuiy of Ireland, one Palmer master.
When she came near Castle Island, the lieutenant of the fort
went aboard her, and made her strike her flag, wbicli the master
took as a gTe;it injury, and complained of it to the magistrates,
who, calling the lieutenani before them, heard the i-.ause, and
declared to the master that he had no commission so to do.
And because he had made them strike to the fort, (which h-id
then no colors jj "abroad ||,) they tendered the master such satis-
faction as he desired, which was only this, that the lieutenant,
aboard their ship, should acknowledge his error, that so all the
ship's company might receive satisfaction, lest the lord deputy
should have been informed, tliat we had offered that discourtesy
to his ship, which we Iiad never offered to any before.
,-.-,-, 25,] Henry Vane, Esq., before mentioned, was chosen
govern<^nr; ond, bccau.--' he was son and heir to g privy
counsellor in England, the ships congratulnied I'is election vrirh
a volley of great shot. The next week he invited all the masters
(there were then fifteen gi-eat ships, etc.,) to diimer. After they
had dined, he propounded tlnee things to ihem : 1. That all
ships, which should come after this year, should come to an
li blank ji li-vicv| P aboard!!

1 This friend of Non- England was afterwards the great Earl of vStratTord,
wifli -whose labors the king -svas hotter p'ea:!ed than the commons. He expiated
'tis unpopularity on the scatfold ; and the success of the unconstitutional moans
employed for his destruction, gave encouragement to the illegal proceedings
agjiinst his master.

in36.] HENHY VANE. 223

anchor before they came at the fort, except they did send
ilieu' boat before, and did satisfy tlie commander that they were
friends. 2. That, before th<^y ofl^red any goods to sale, they
would deliver an invoice, etc., and give the governour, etc.,
twenty-four hours' liberty to refuse, etc. 3. That their men
might not stay on shore (except upon necessary business) after
sunset. These things they all willingly condescended unto.

31.] iSIr. Hooker, pastor of the church of Newtown, and the
II most II of his congregation, went to Connecticut. His wife
was carried in a horse litter; and they drove one hundred and
sixty cattle, and fed of their rnilk by the way.

The last winter Capt. Mason died. He was the chief mover
in all the attempts against us, and was to have sent the general
governour, and for this end was providing shipping ; but the
Lord, in mercy, talcing him away, all the business fell on sleep,
so as ships came and brought what and whom they would,
without any question or control.^

Divers of the ships this spring, both out of the Downs and
from Holland, came in five weeks ; and Mr. Ball his ship went
from hence to England the 16th of January, and saw land there
in eighteen days.

One Miller, master s mate in the Hector, spake to some of
our people aboord his ship, that, because we had not the king's
colors at our fort, we were all traitors and || -rebels,|| etc. The
governour sent for the master, r\Ir. Feme, and acquainted him
with it, who promised to deliver him to us. Whereupon we
sent the marshal and four sergeants to the ship for him, *-|oq
but the master not being aboard, they would not d'jliver
II rest II II -robbers II

^ "SVe must always be careful to distlngufsli betTvccn the opinious and the
principles of our fathers. The spirit of the age, in whieh reliprious controversy
had borne or was bearing all its evil fruits, was not a spirit of charity ; and the
judgment of heaven was, by each party, perpetually invoked against the other.
In the wilderness the error increased, but it increased faster at home ; and
much as we regret the fanaticism of the two first ages of New England, the
examples of its baleful influence are more numerous and more shocking, though
for a shorter season, in the native land of our ancestors. The disaster of Mason
"will be mentioned hereafter in more detail. Perhaps his ciying declaration, of
gt^ud .viU i.'i our country-, preveutcd a hea-ier couJemnatiou at the tribunal of
our aiJthor, as it kia and wUI do in the judgment of later times.

224 HEISTIY VANll, fj63(3

Mm ; whereupon the master went kimself and bronghTlam to
the court, and the words being proved against him by two
witnesses, he was committed. The next day the mast-r, to
pacify his men, who were in a great tumidl, requested he might
be delivered to him, and did undertake to bring him before us
again the day after, which was granted him, and he brought
him to us at the time appointed. Then, in the presence of all
tlie rest of the masters, he acknowledged his ofience, and set
his hand to a submission,^ and was discharged. Then the
governour desired the masters, that they would deal freely, and
tell us, if they did take any offence, and what they required of
us. They answered, th ^t, in regard they should be examined
upon their return, what colors they saw here, they did desire
that the king's colors might be || spread j| at our fort. It was
answered, that we had not tlie kjng's colors. Thereupon two
of them did offer them freely to us. We replied, that for our
part we w^ere fully persuaded, that the cross in the ensign was
idolatrous, and therefore _ might not set it in our ensi«n ; but,
because the fort was tlie king's, and maintained in his name,
we thought that his ow^n-colors might be || = spread || there. So
the governour accepted the colors of Copt. Palmer, and prom-
II suspended || |j ^^suspendcd ||

^ If we should infer, from the language of this submission, that it was prepared
by some frkwlhj hand, we may still 'lerive, from the incident, strong illus-
tration of the regular discipline or severe police maintained by our fathers over
the most refractory persons. I find it in Col. Ree. I. 179: "Whereas I,
Thomas Milierd, have given out most false and repraichful speeches ;igainst hi^
majesty's 1 yal av.l ihithful .ul/.^t-, d^vel]ing in the .Mass.ichusctts'' Bay in
America, saying tliat they wuiv all traitoi-s and rebels, and that I would affirm
so much before the governour himself, which exjjression.s I do confess (and so
desire may be conceived) did proceed from the rashness and distemper of my
own brain, without any just ground or cause so to think or speak, for which my
unworthy and sinful carriage being called in question, I do justly stand com-
mitted,— my humble request therefore is, that, upon this my full and ingenuous
recantation of this my gross failing, it would please the governour and tlie rest
of the assistants, to accejjt of this my humble submi-slon, to pass by my Hv.lt,
and to dismiss me from further trouble ; and tliis my free and voluntary confes-
sion I subscribe with my hand this 0th June, 1G;3G. ' Thomas MiUerd." A new
scribe appears in the Records for one or two pages preceding this, and tlie
change of the cn'prit's name might be charged to him as fairly as^'tu our author.
But ia another page he has given it like Winthrop.

1636.] UE.^;RY YANE. • 'g^

ised they ?lionI.,l be set up at Castle liland. We had coiifeircd
over night with ]Mr. Cotton, etc., about the point. The govcrn-
our, and Mr. Dudley, and Mr. Cotton, were of opinion, that
they might be set up at the fort upon this distinction, ..oq
that it was maintained in the king's name. Others,^ not
being so persuaded, answered, that the governour and Mr.
Dudley, being two of the council, and being persuaded of the
lawfulness, etc., might use their power to set them up. Some
others, being not so persuaded, could not join in the act, yet
would not oppose, as being doubtful, etc.

Mo. 5. 9.] The governour, etc., went to Salem.

Many ships lying ready at Natascott to set sail, Mr. Peter
went down and preached aboard the Hector, and th*^ ships
going forth met vs-ith an cast wind, v/hich put th^m in again;
whereupon he stayed and kept the sal^bath with theiiL

5.] Mr. Bucidy and Mr. Jones, two English ministers, ap-
pointed this day to gather a church at Newtown, to settle at
Concord. They sent ^^■ord, three days before, to the govern-
our and deputy, to desire their presence ; but they took it in
ill part, and thought not lit to go, because they had not come
to them before, § (as they ought to have done, and as others had
done before.) § to acquaint tiiem with their purpose.
[Very large blank.]

§Mr. AVinihrop, jun., gitve £5 towards the building of the
meeting-house at Charlton. I sent it by James Brown. §

20.] John Gallop, wiih onr man more, and two littlo boys,
coming froui Cvumeeticut in n bark of twe,:ty tons, iiiLinding
to put in at Long Island to ti-ade, and being jl at || the mouth of
the harbor, || -were || forced, by a sudden change of the wind, to
bear up for Block Island or Fisher's Island, lying before
Naragansett, where they espied a small pinnace, which, draw-
ing near unto, they found to be Mr. Oldham's (an old ])lanter,
and a member of Watertowu congregation, who had been
long out a trading, having with him only two EiigUsli boys,
i|near|j • H'^wasj]

* Among tliLiC othei-s, I am tovvy to obiorve, was "Wiuthrop liiuiiLlr". See
Addenda.

22G " lIEMiY VAIs^e: [1G3G.

and two Indian.-^ o^ Naraginjiatt). So they hailed jj him, |' liur
had no answer; and the declv.vviis lull of Indians, (fourteen in
all,) and a canoe was gone from her full of Indians and goods.
Whereupon they suspected thej: had killed John Oldham, u;;d
the rather, becanse the IndiatfS let slip and set up sail, being
two miles from shore, and the wind and tide being oil" the
sliore of tiie island, whereby they drove towards the m^ain at
Naragansett. Whereupon ihey went ahead of them, ajid
having but tvv'o pieces and two pistols, and Jiothing but dnck
shot, they bear up near the Indians, (who stood ready armed
with guns, pikes, and swords,) ond let fly among them, and so
*190 S*'^^'^'^^ them || =as \\ they all gate under hatches. Then they
stood off again, and rotux'ning with a good gale, the)
stemmed h'.-'.c upon the quarter and almost o\erset her, which so
frightened die Indians, as six of them leaped overboard and
were drowned. Yet they durst not board her, but stood ofT
again, and filteJ. their anchor, irO as, stemming her the second
time, they bored her j| ^bowjj through with their anchor, and so
sticking fast to her, they made divers shot through her, (being
but inch board,) and so raked her fore and aft, as they must
needs kill or hurt some of the Indians ; but, seeing none of tliern
come forth, they gate loose from her and stood oil" again. I'lien
four or five more of the Indians leaped into the sea, and were
likewise drowned. So there being now bat four left in her, they
boarded her ; whereupon one Indian came up and yielded ; him
they bound and put into hold. Then another yielded, whom
they bound. JJut John Gallop, beii'.g well acquaimed v/ith ihAr
skill to untie themselves, if two of them Jl'^beji together, und
having no place to keep them n sunder, he tln\nv him bound
into [the] sea; and, looking about, they found John Oldham
under an old seine, § stark naked, § his head cleft to the brains,
and his hand and legs cut as if they had been cutting them off,
and yet warm. So they put him mto the sea; but could not
get to the other two Indians, who were in a little room und' r-
neath, with their swords. So they took the goods wliieh
were left, and the sails, etc., an.l towed the boat away; but
night coming on. and the v.'lnd rising, tliey v.-ere forced

I them 11 II -that II |i'^boc.m|| fwcrclj

ir,3C.] IIEXRY V.VXE. 2'11

to turn her ofi; and the \vi;;(l carried her to the Naragan^ett
shore.^

26.] The two Indian^, wliieh were with Mr. Oldham, and
one other, came from Canonieu^, tiic chief sachem of Naragan-
sett, with a letter from Mr. ^vViliinms to the governour, to c^erti-
fy liim what had befallen Mr. Oldham, and how grievously
they were afflicted, and thr.t IMiantunnomoh was gone, with
seventeen canoes and |j tv/o hundred [|- men, to take revenge,
etc. But, upon examination of the Indian who was brought
prisoner 3 to us, we found that all the sadisms of the Nara- „q-,
gansett, except Canonicns and Miantunnomoh, were the
contrivers of Mr. Oldham's death; and the occasion was, be-
cause he went to make peace, and trade with the Pekods last
year, as is before related. The prisoner said also, that Mr. Old-
ham's two Indians vrere acquainted with it; but, because they
were sent Cis messengers from Canonicus, we vrould not impris-
on them. But the governour wrote -back to Mr. William? to
let the Naragansetts know, that we expected they should send
us the two boys, and takt^ revenge upon the islander.- ; and
withal gave Mr. AYilliams a caution to look to himself, if we
should have occasion to make v^ar upon the Naragansetts, for
Block Ishmd was under them. And the next day, 27, he wrote
to Canonicus by one of those two Indians, and that he had
suspicion of him, etc., yet he had sent him back, because he was
a messenger, but did expect iVM, if he should send for tiie said
two Indians, he should send them to us to clear themselves.

30.] Mr. Oldham's tAVO boys were sent home by one of
r>Iiantunnoi:ioh liis moii. \\irli a lotTcr from '^■h. TMllianis, 5i^;j)i-
fying that Miantunnomoh had caused the sachem of Niantick
|] twenty jl

' Prince, tlioiigh usually accurate in clironology to a provcib, in hi? intr'>
duction to INIason's History of the Tequot war, printed at Boston, 173C, ropnli-
\\i\i(s{ in our 2 Hist. Coll. YIIJ. Las, page 123, made the murder of Oldham a
year earlier.

- It would have been no bold exertion of conjectural criticism, to (Iiii'iire rh^
reading of ihe former eilition in this place, since a Occt of seventeen K^il, even
of canoed, would, by /(tt;i/y persons, be weakly manned for warlike revenge;
but I assure tlie reader tho :^^S. was plain.

* He is, I j)resume, the one avIkjui (Jidlop brought, the f.r.<t taken, the next
being thrown overboard.

238 IIUNRY YAXE.

[1G3

one

to send to Block Island for them ; and that he had near
hiuidi-c^l fr-hom of wainpoin and otlier goods of Mr. Oldham^,
v.-liich slioidd be reserved for i;?; and tliat tlirce of the seven
wh'icli v.-'j.rc droAvncd. were sachems; and one of the two
\x-hic;t V.-.MV Mred by the sachem of Xiantlck, was dead also!
B'^ w-j vs-r,,i,- ^,ack to h:tve the rest of those, which were acces-
sory, lo bo ^ent to ns, and the rest of the goods, and that he
5 iiuiiid i.]i Canonicus and,AIIantunnom.oh. that we held them
innor.'tit; br-. that six oilier tuider-sachems Vv-ere guilty, etc.

Mn. (;. 3.] Samuel JNJaverick, who had been in Virginia
near tw.'Iv,- months, now returned wJth two pinnaces, and
broiiiibt some fourleen lioiieis, and about eighty goats, (havin"^
lost !| al-jov.> •: twen'T gouli by the way). One of his pimuices
wad a^-out foriy ions, u[ cedar, bnllt ai jj -'Earbathes, |! and
bror-ht Tv, ■^'i-gin-u by Copt. Powell, who there dying, she
was .-old for a small matter. There died in Virginia, (by
his relatio:!.) this last year, above eighteen hundred, and corn
was there a; Iwemy shillings the busliel, the most of the peo-
ple hv.\\hcr WvQil a grcai time of nothing but purslain, etc.
It is vrry.^t!ar,i.;e, what was related by him and many others,
tiiat, above -^jviy miles up Jam^s River, they dig nowhere
but tlicy fmci r-he ground h.d] of oyster shells, and fishes' bones,
etc.; |'\vtaJi he affirmed that he saw the bone of a whale
taken out of the earth (\v!iere they digged for a well) eigliieen
f'^et deep.

*192 b.] Lieutenant Edward Gibbons,^ and John Higgin-
i.'aWitlj II -blank II ||'"yet!f

1 Ed'vanl Gilij^ins is named Avilli jinnor in Eliot's, hut not in Aliens Bkthn-
arr. Jlc w:i? parly aclDiitled into' tho Boston churcli, Leinfr 2no. 113, and his
I.icty ^va:- i-.,}- aUy more a{>pro\ed, b. cause he had belonged to the irregular
adv-onturors of Mount Wollaston. His name very frequently occurs in^this
History. Ilr- ^.vas doputy, several years, f >r Boston, made major general of all
our forces, 1019. and in IG.^0, — not IG-i-l, as Eliot lias it, — a?tiiiued to the
high rank < f being an assistant. D,-aih closed his services December, VJr,i.
]n our lVoi.:.?e ilecords, H. 117, the inventory of his estate shows a consi.len:-
blc forfuno tor ;ho<e times, — .£535.fi.7 ; yet the next infomianon is of a spr.-L-d
commission, reseaibling m^ich tho.Mi of our days, on aecount of its insolvrri-y.
CoiTCCtion of error in amount of this inventory is oftend in Ed. 2 of the Illst.
of the Art, Cu., ]>. C.i), as if it sliou! ; he .Z20[.l^.G, and the date of return is
made 15 of Decen.biT, 1G5}. But the editor of that vroik should have seen on

1636.] HENRY VANE. 99g

son,^ with Cutshamekin, the sa.o^nmore of Massachusetts, were
sent to Canoiiicus to treat with hira about the murder of .John
Oldham. ]3. They returned, being very wcU accepted, and
good success in their business. They obser\-ed in the sachem
much state, great command over his men, and marvellous wis-
dom in his answers and the carriage of the whole treaty, clear-
ing himself and his neighbors of the murder, and offering assist-
ance for reveni:e of it, yet upon very safe and wary conditions.^
25.] The governour and council, having lately assembled the
rest of the magistrates and ministers, to advise \vnth them about
doing justice upon the Indians for the death of Mr. Oldham, and
all agreeing that it should be attempted with expedition, did
this day send forth ninety men, distributed to four command-
ers, —Capt John Underhill, Capt. Nathaniel Turner,* Ensign
Jenyson, and PJnsign Davenport; and over them all, as general,
John Endecott, Esq., one of the assistants, was sent." They
were embarked in three pinnaces, and carried two shallops
and two Indians with them. They had commission to put to
death the men of JBlock Island,! but to spare the women and

tl:e page beyond that at whIcL he stopped that the return was on 30 December,
and my amount in the former edition was right within a half penny, of which I
confess the omission. Gibbons had been too adventurous in the great undertak-
ings of La Tour, and wa.s bu^Me, unfortunate in trade. An klle tale of hi:^
bcMng fui.nd in r. great ship, 17 July. IWn, in the arctic ocean, near Behrlng'ci
Straits, when he was five days before in Boston, acting as a selectman, was used
by an able writer in the N. A. Rev. for Jan., 1S3[), p. 131, and expblnod in the
^o. for April foIuAving. p. 5 j;).

^ Of lids gentleman, v.iio became afterv.-ards a minister of high reopcctablHiy
in his father's place at S.dem, and surnved aU of Lis generation in the pulpit,.
g<"^d accounts are furnished by Eliot and Allen.

- From the minurenes5 of his description of the Indian court, I think John-
son must have accompanied these ambassadors. See book U. c. 6, of the Won-
der-working Providence.

=» He was represent^itlve, in the six first genera! courts, from Sai^us or L^-nn;
^t we have not, except his disaster by fire, mentioned by our autlior un ler
date of January, 103G-7, any furtlier account of him, than 'the present service
^Uh Endecott.

* No degree of veneration for our fathers can kad to IiL^itatlon in coinciding
vvitl, a remark I find in a coi)y of the first part of this History, formerly owned
•j- r)r. Ikiknnp, that these were "s.aiguinary orders." The numbers of the
'^ <«nd must have been so small, that It was not matter of neccssltv ; and pcr-

voL. I. 20

230 llT:NRy vane. flG36.

M93 children, and to brine; thorn away, and to take possession
of the island ; and from thence to go to the Pequod.s to
demand the mmderers of Capt. Stone and other English, and
one thousand fathom of wampom for dumages, etc., and some
of their ehihlren |j as |j hostages, which if they should refuse,
they were 1o obtain it by force. No man was impressed for
this service, but all went voluntaries.

26.] Miantunromoh, sacliem of Naragansett, sent a mcs-
senger to us, with a letter from Mr. Williams, to signify to us,
that they had taken one of the Indians, who had broken prison
and was escaped away, and had him safe for us, when we
would send for him, (we had before sent to him ||-to|| that
end;) and the other (being also of Block Island) he had sent
away, (not k;iowing, as it seemed, that he had been otir pris-
oner,) according to their promise, that they would not entertain
any of that island, which should come to them. But we con-
ceived it was rather in love to him ; for he had been his servant
formerly.

We sent for the two Indians. One was sent us ; the other
was dead before the messengers came.

A ship of one hundred and twenty tons was built at Marble-
head, and called the Desire.^

J-aps we may atuil.ute L!ie oruol lurc. tbu oLIefly to the limited knowledge of
the new governour.

1 Being furnished with the orlginarbil! of particulars for jm-t of lae outfits of
this ship, signed AVillL^n J^eir^e, I tr.inf/Tibc It: " Tho ship Desire, or t!ie o-n-
trs tliereof, are debited to account of the bark War^vlck, or her' owners, tor
these particulars fallowing, taken bv order of the Gov. \Viuthrup : —

U'30. Three_ Hdoons and one falconet, cwt. 38.3.0, with the old) r ,, • , ^

carnages, at lOs.C, per cwt. r --l-'-l'-*

An old poop Janthorn, !Js. and a small crow of iron. is.6. 7. 'i

Two sp.iHlhs fur \anes, IM. a pump bolt and a wooden) „ ,

bnikc, all ^ r -■ '

A .«n)all anchor stock, 4s. a p'istol barrel", C7. and three] , •

sniall t-tckic hooks, 12^/. all i.H . . . . i" ^'-

A copper funnel, 6>.-., 2 sponge staves, 'a rammer and a ) ,, .,

ladle, all > 11- '•'

Eleven ftimn shot, 4s. a snail bell", 3.r. '. '. . . .' ." . 7. <•

A siuiiU aucho-, estPemed iif " o o. o

1036.] HKNIIY VANE. 231

7ber, 8.] At a p-pneral court, a l-^vy was made of X1200 to
pay the country's debts. -

The trade of boaver and wanipom was to be farmed, and all
others restrained from trading.

23.] A new churcli was gathered at Dorchester, with «, q.
approbation of the magistrates and elders, ete.-

August 24.] John Endecott, Esq., and four captains under
him, with twenty men a-piece, set sail. They arrived at Block
Island the last of the sarue. The wind blowing hard at N. E.
there went so great, a surf, as they had much to do to land;
and about forty Indians were ready upon the .shore to en-
tertain them with their arrows, which they shot ||oftj| at our
men; but, being armed with |j -corslets, || they had no hurt,
only one was lightly hurt upon his neck, and another near his
foot.' So soon as [Pone m::n || leaped on shore, they all ile.d.
The island is about ten mih^s long, and four broad, full of
small hills, and all overgrown with brush-wood of oak, — no
good timber \\*'n\ |i it, — so as t'ney could not march but in one
hie and in the narrow paths.' '.('here were b,vo plantations, three
miles in sunder, and about sixty wigwams, — some very large
and fair, — and \\ ''above || two hundred acres of corn, some gatb-
Uoffli Ij-croslotsli Pour men were II ||*on|i pabourlj

1 Tb!.- apportioiiMieut, upon the s-veral towns does iv.i appear, it bcincc left to
the discretiou of a committee. So heavy a contribution could not be made at
once, and the order of court Tvas, " one half at three m.onthj^, and the other at a
time to be appointed at the next «o??ion."

- Being writna in the nia'-.iriii, v«ith the day, but no!, *.he month, cavon, this
sentence left an uncertainty, from inspection, whether August, to -whirh the
subsequent panigraiih rt-f.Ts, or September, which had accidentally obtained
precedence, were the true date. }>ut tlie Dorchester Kccords prove it to bo
the earlier montli. The author wislied to bring into one view the whole story
of Endeeott's expeilition, and therefore, after the re[iort of proceedings at Sep-
tember court, inserted the story of the cami>aign with the marginal date of the
day when the fleet departed. Hubbard, 274, copying it, made a careless trans-
script of the day of the court in the above reciud, and neglected, as he usually
did, to seek collateral information.

^ Dr. Stiles, picsident of Yale College, one of the mo.-t diligent anti.piarloij
our country has fundshed, made a liasty collation of some j)arts of the lormer
edition with the original MS. and in t'.is }.lacc read pa.<.<c.<. I am convinced of
the correctness of the text.

232 IIFATIY YAXE. [16^6.

ered and laid on heaps, and the rest standing. When they had
spent two days in searching the i&land, and could not find the
Indians, they hurnl tlu-ir wigwams, and all their mutts, a)id
some corn, and staved seven canoes, and departed. They could
not tell vvhat men they killed, but some were wounded and car-
ried away by their fellows.

Thence they went to the mouth of the Connecticut, where
they lay wind-bound four days, and taking thence twenty men
and two sliallops, they sailed to the Peqaot harbor, where an
Indian came to them in a canoe, and demanded v.-hot they
were, and what they would have. ^*Ue general told him,
he came from the governour of Massachusetts to speak with
their sachems. He told him, Sassacus was gojio to Long
Island. Then he bade him go tell the other sachem, etc. So
he departed; and in the mean time our men landed, but with
much danger, if the Indians had made use of their advantage,
,-|Q- for all the shore was high, rugged rocks, etc. Then the
messenger returned, and the Indians began to gather about
our men till there were about three hunched of thfin ; and some
foiu: hours past while the messenger went to and fro, bringing
still excuses for the sachem's not coming. At |1 last || the gen-
eral told the messenger, and the rest of the Indians near, the
particulars of his commission, and sent him to tell the sachem,
that if he would not come to him, nor yield to those demands,
he would fight with them. The messenger told him, that the
sachem would meet him, if our men would lay down their
arms, as his men should do Ihcir bows, etc. When the general
saw they did but dolly, to gain time, lie bad them be gone, and
shift for themselves ; for they had dared the English to come
fight with them, and now they were come for that purpose.
Thereupon they all withdrew. Some of our men would have
made a shot at them, but the general would not sulfer them ;
but when they were gone out of musket shot, he marched after
them, snpposing they would have stood to it awhile, as they
did to the Dutch. ]]ut they all fled, and shot at our men from
the thickets and roclw^, but did us no harm. Two of them our
men Idlled, a:id hurt orhr-rs. So they marched up to their town,
and burnt all their wigwams and raott,-, but their corn being
li length II

16:JC).] IIENKY VA:NE. 233

standi '^g, they c^iuld not spoil it. At night they returned to
their vessels, and the next day they went ashore on the west
?ide of tlie river, and l>airnt all their wigwams, and spoiled their
canoes; and so set sail, and came to the Naragansett, v\'here
they landed their men, and, the 14th of 7ber, they came all safe
to Boston, which was a marv^ellous providence of God, that not
a hair fell from the head of any of them, nor any sick or feeble
person among them.^ As they came by Naragansett, Cutsha-
makin, an Indian, who went with them for an interj^reter, who,
being anned with a |j corslet |j and a piece, had crcpl into a
swamp fuid killed a Pequot, and having flayed off the skin of
his head, he sent it to Canonicus, who presently sent it to all
the saciiciiis about him, and returned many thanks to the Eng-
lish, and sent four fathom of wampom to Cutshamakin.

The soldiers who went were all voluntaries, and had only
their victuals provided, but demanded no pay. The whole
charge of the voyage came to about o£"200. The seamen had
all wages.

The Naragansett men told us after, that thirteen of the ^-.qp
Pequods were killed, and forty wounded ; and but one of
Block Island killed.-

At the last general court, order was taken to restrain the
trade with the Indians, and the governour and council appointed
to let it to farm, for a rent to be paid to the treasury.

The inhabitants of Boston, who had taken their farms and
lots at Mount Woollaston, finding it very burdensome to have
their bu.-iness, etc. so far of\\ desired to gather a. cliiirch tlnTC.
Many meetings were about it. The great let was, in regard it
was given to Boston for upholding the town and church there,
which end would be frustrate by the removal of so many chief
Icrosletjl

^ Yet I Gnd, at tbe general court in October, a grant of £5 to "George
Munning?, in regard of tlie lo?3 of liis eye in the voyage to Block island ;" and
an addition to that grant was made, on the &\nie diiy, of the fines imposed upon
members in that session of four days, for absence at the hour of meeting in the
morning, amounting to £3 more.

- One prisoner v.as, by onKr of court, ni.ide a K'ave for life. If a n»an, he
VAs preserved contrary to tlie instructions of the troops, and perliaps against his
owu desire.

20*

234 IIEXTIY VA^s^E. [163G.

men ns \von!d go tJiitlier. For helphig of this, it v.-is pro-
pounded, that such as dwelt there should pay six-j^encc the
acre, yearly, for such londs as lay wirliin a mile of the water,
and three-pence for that which lay further otT.
[A'cry large blank.]

A ship of Earnstaple arrived here with eighty heifers.

Another from Bristol arrived, a fortnight after, v/itli some
cattle and passengers; §but she had delivered most of her
cattle ajid passengers § at Pascataquack for Sir Ferdinando
Gorge ^ his plantation at Aquamenticus.

Canonicus sent word of some English, whom the Peqnods
had' killed at Saybroolv ; and Mr. Williams wrote, tljat the
Fequods and Naragansetts were at ljtruce,[j and that JMiantun-
nomoh tc.ld him, tliat the Pequods had labored to persuade
them, that tjjc English were minded to destroy all Indians,
Whereupon we tent for ]Miantunnomoh to come to us.
[Very Ictrgc blank.]

Another wiiidmill was erected at Boston, and one at Charles-
tow^l; and a watermili at Salem, and another at Ipswich, and
another at Newbury.*

[Very hrge blaak.]

^ I take this cpportuiuty of piiutiiig the uame as AVinlhrop wrote it, though
usually ?j:>elt as two syllables. Probably the family had, in early times, as the
old booL«;, aud Collins's Peerage, give it occasionally, used the Asritiiig of
Gorge ; and ti.e old grariiuiar, for the j (..ssessive ease, employing iK,- pronojii-
jhal hi^, led thcai and all others to dignity it by the final s.

'-' "With this paragraph closes the regular sequence of narrative in the first
Tolurae of !MS. For the many happy hours and days spent upou it, no slight
share of veneration is by me felt ar.d acknowledged.

§A CONTINUATION^ . *197

HISTORY OF NEW EXGLAXD.§

1636,

Sber.] After INIr. Er.dccott and onr men were departed
from tho Pcquod, the tweniy inon of Saybrook lay Vv-hid-boiind
tliere, and went to fetch ^oine of the Indians' corn; and liaving
fetched every man one sackful to their boat, they returned for
inorc, and h.aving loaded themselves, the Indians set upon them.
So they laid down their corn and gave fire upon thenr, and the
Indians shot arrows at them. The place was open for the dis-
tance of musket shot, and the Indians kept the covert, save
when they llcamej] fortli, about ten at a time, and discharged
their arrows. The. Eng]i^h ]'Ut thcmselve-^ into a single file,
and some ten only (who had pieces |j "which || could reach them)
shot; the others stood ready to keep them from breaking in
npon our rnciu So they coui'ML'...-d die most part of the oftcr-
uoon. Our men killed some of them, as they supposed, and
hurt others ; and they shot only one of ours, and he was armed,-'
Iran II . Pthat||

^ Deeply is the loss of tfie author's second volume of his ]MS. Iliitory regretted
hy rue. On the thirteenth j.ago of my next volume closes tiie perfect verifica-
tion of the author's text by collation, though the notes for the lost part of it vere
Mve.I, when the text vraa destroyed by lire. Any inquisitive reader can verify
un'ry tliat part of this work which is contained in the first and tliird volumes of
th; original MS. of "Winthrop, prcS'-Tved in the Library of the ]Mass. Ili.uorical

S:rf,-!(,-ty.

- The meaning is, with defensive anjior. Back and breast pieces of iron were
then commonly Avorn. Those u-ilhout arms had luusketd.

236 HENRY VANE. [1G36.

all the rest being without arms. He was shot through the le<T.
Their arrows were all shot coin[)ass, so as our men, stamlin"-
single, could easily see and avoid them ; and one was 'employed
to gather up their arrows. At last they emptied their sacks,
and retired safe io their boat. '

About two days after, five men of Saybrook went up the
river about four miles, to fetch hay in a meadow on Fequot
.J no side. The grass was so high as some Pequots, being hid
in ir, set upon our men, and one, that had hay on his
back, they took ; the others fled to their boat, one oi them
having five arrows in him, (but yet recovered). He who was
taken was a godly yoiuig man, called [blank] Butterfield ;
(whereupon the meadow was named Butterfield Meadow)-*
About fourteen days after, six of Saybrook, being sent to keep
the house in their corn-field, about two miles from the fort,
three of them went forth on fow ling, (which the lieutenant had
airictlij forbidden them). Two hod pieces, and the third only a
sword. tSuddenly tibout one hau(.lred Indians |! came |j out of
the covert, and |i -set !| upon them. pHe || Avho had the sword
brake through them, (and received only two shot, not danger-
ous,) and escaped to the house, which was not a bow^-shot oil,
and persuaded the other two to follow him; but they stood still
till the Indians came and took them, and canied them away
with then- pieces. Soon after they burnt down the said hou<e,
and some outhouses and haystacks within a bow-shot of the
fort, and killed a cow, a!id shot divers others ; but they all came
home v/ith the arrows ia tlieni.-

21.] Minntunnomoh, the sachem of Naragansett, (being sent

for by the governour,) came to Boston with two of Canon icus's

sons, and anotlier sachem, and near twenty sanaps. Catslia-

makin gave us notice the day before. The governour sent

II rose II ir-^^^'otjl Iptbomanjl

1 ITuhhard, 252, after faitliiul transcription of this narrative, of the fate o(
Butterfield, has added from Ovid, Ljarus Uariis noniiiia iJ-dlt aquis. Wo ^hijuld
be v.ell pleased, diil other parts of liis vohime show equal attention io ti;e
reader's gratification.

- L}on Gardiner'^ narrative is very animated; and hisobjeorion to the jK'Iicy
of the war at thai time, and aiiimad\cr<ion oi; Kndecott's conduct of it, show
much s<jund judgment. See J I^bts. lliit. Coll III. ];j(-, aud X. 173.

1636.] HENP.Y Y,\XE. • 237

twenty musketeers to meet Mm at Roxbury. He came to
Boston about noon. The governour had called together most
of the magistrates and ministers, to give countenance to our
proceedings, and to advise with them about the terms of peace.
It was dinner time, and the sachems and their council dined by
themselves in the same room where the governour dined, and
their sanaps were sent to the inn. After dinner, Miantunnomoh
declared wl-.at he had to say to us in [blunk] proposition -, which
were to this effect : — That they had always loved the English,
and desired firm peace with us : That they would continue in
war with the Pequods and their confederates, till they were sub-
dued ; and desired we should so do : They would deliver our
enemies to us, or kill them : That if any of theirs should kill
our cattle, that we would not kill them, but cause them to make
satisfactio.u : That they would now make a firm peace, and
tvv'O months hence they wo aid send us a present.

The governour told them, they should have answer the #. ^q
next morning.

In the morning we met again, and concluded the peace upon
the articles underwritten, which the governour subscribed, and
they also subscribed with their marks, and Cutshamakin also.
But because we could not well make them understand the arti-
cles perfectly, we agreed to send a copy of them to Mr. Wil-
liams, Vv-ho could best interpret them to them. So, after dinner,
they took leave, and were conveyed out of tovrn by some mus-
keteers, and dismissed with a volley of shot.

THE ARTICLES.

1. A firm peace between us and our friends of other planta-
tions, (if they consent,) and tiieir confederates, (if they will ob-
serve the articles, etc.,) and our posterities.

2. Neither party to m-jke peace with the Pequods without
the other's consent.

3. Not to harbor, etc., the Pequods, etc.

4. To put to death or deliver over nulrderers, etc.

5. To return our fugitive servants, etc.

6. We to give them notice when we go against the Pequods,
and they to si-nd us soUiC guides.

7. Free tmde between us.

HENRY ^ AXE.

[1636.

8. N'^ne of 1heni in come nor)>- our plantations during the
war^ will', the Pcqnods, without some Englishman or known
Indian.

9. To coniiiuic to the posterity of both parties.

The govcrnour oi Plimouth wrote to the deputy,^ chat we
had occasioned a war, etc., by provoking the Pcquods, and no
more, and about fhi pcarc with the Naragansctis, etc. The |

dc{>iity took it ill, (as there was reason,) and returned answer 4

accordingly, and made it appear, J. That there was as much |

done as could be expected, considering they fled ixom us, and
we cor.Jd not follow thcin in our armour, neither had any
to guide us in their country. 2. We went not to make war
upon ihern, but to do /astice, etc., and having killed thirteen
of thcM for fou- or fivt:, which they had murdered of jjours, j|
and dt'stroyed sivly wigwams, etc., we v/ere no-" much behind
with tlieiii. 3. Tl.cy jiud no caiise io glory over us, when they
sav>' tliat triey (•■j;i]-i iiot 8ave § themselves nor§ their houses
and fOMi from so U-\v of ours. 4. If we had left but one hun-
*r).-^^ drcd of tli'in living, those might have done us as much
hurt as they liave or arc likely to do. 5. It was very like-
ly they \^•0!lld l)avij taken notice of our advantage against them,
and would have siiteji still, or have sought peace, if God had
not d.'privcd them of comtnon reason.

AVioul the middle of this month, John Tilley, master of a
bark, coming down Contieetieut River, went on shore in a ca-
noe, tliree miles above i hi" fort, to kill fov.d ; and having shot
off iiis [lie".:, ai.ti v 1 itinii-. aro.M; ;nit of the coven and took
him, iind killed onc^ other, who was in the canoe. This Tilley
wa< ;i very stoat man., and of gi-eat understanding.'- They cut
oft' l\is liands, and 5e:it them before, and after cut off his feet.
He lived three days afu-r his hands were cut off; and them-
selves confessed, that he was a stout n:ian, because he cried not
in his torture.

Al)out this time two houses were burnt, and all the goods in

1 "WinUirop hail ito', rar'iiWon.^ ! liis o\Tn (locfion (o tlio second phre.

'•* Lyoti GanJlner does not alTbrJ us iuulIi siii»povt ot' this charactt-r of Tilley.

iG36.] Hi':NB.Y VANE. ^^ 23^

them, to a great value ; one was one Shaw at Watertown and
the other one Jackson of Salem, both professors, and Shaw the
day before admitted of the former church. This was very ob-
servable in Shaw,i that he concealed hi. estate, and made ;how
as If he had been poor, and || was || not clear of some unricrht-
eous passages.

One Mrs. Hutchinson,- a member of the church of Boston
a woman of a ready wit and bold spirii:, brought over with her
trwo dangerous errors : 1. That the person of the IIolv Ghost
dwells in a justified person. 2. Thar no sanctification can help
to evidence to us our justification. — From these two .<rrew
many branches; as, ], Our union with the Holy C4host, s"o as
a Christian remains dead to every spiritual action, and hath no
gitts nor graces, other than such as are in hypocrites, nor any
other saneiiUeation but the Holy Gliost himself. •

[Large blank.]
There joined with her in tliese opinions a brother of ..-,^,
hers, one ]Mr. WheehvTight,^^ a silenced minister some- >^^
times in England.

[Large blank.] . -

II wen til

_ Intheonginal fi.-st stood i.//., instead of 5/,a..; M.^, instead of A. ; their,
instead ot /.. ; /^.,, instead of /..; and .>.., instead of .■«.., in the progros. of
the sentence The alteration was made by Winthrop. We mav therefore con-
clude, that the report again.t Jackson's eharacter was unfounded, and that he
did not deserve to have his house and goods burnt bv accident

•^ Being de.scended from tlus h.d., the editor feels not at hhorty io imluh-e his
pen m a nv^Boi,, of which ali bandit is indeed anticipated bv tl^ o;ore hJI.oni-
ble labons of a nearer relative, the late Gov. Hutchinson. Time has abated all
the venom oi the accusations against her, and the futilitv of most of them will
iorever iorbid the inquiry of reason. Mather, in the middle a-e, and Eiiot of
the present, 1 Hist. Coll. IX. 28-30, give her great credit, as Fn onr text, for
powei^ of mmd; and all are strengthened by the orthodo.x contemporary, John-
son, hb. I c. 42, .d,o calls her " the masterpiece of women's wit "

A just estimate of this distinguished gentleman may readily be fonned from
he pages ot thi^ IL: tory an.l the volnmes of Hutchinson and Eliot. His Ion-
We atlordedhnn a triumph over the injustice of intolerance, which attempted
h-urdly any other cure for his errors than banishment. Hubbard iuarks his
<loath about Iti.si. S.n>e pleasure may be derived from a jeu de n.H of
.Johnson, to whom we are usually obliged to refer for le.ss valuable <j.a!;t!e.s. In
h.a verses to the honor of Wilson, alluding to the opposition he encountered

^0 HENIir VA^E. [1G3G.

25.] The other ~ ministers in the bay, hearing of these
things, came to IJoston at the time of || a || general court, and
entered conference in private with them, to the end they might
know the certainty of these things ; that if need were, they
might write to the church of Bo.-ton about them, to prevent (if
it were possible) the dangers, wiiich seemed hereby to hang
over tliat and the rest of the churehes. At this conference,
?^lr. Cotton wa.~ present, and ga^e satisfaction to them, so as he
agreed wnth them all in the point of sanctification, and so did
Mr. WheelwTight; so as they all did hold, that sanctification
did help to evidence justification. The same he had jj -deliver-
ed jj plainly in public, divers times ; but, for the indwelling of
the ;.;;:. en of the Holy Ghost, he held that still, *as some others
of the ministers did,* but not || hinion || with the person of the
Hoi) Ghost, *(as Mrs. Plutchinson and others did.)* so as to
amount to a peisonal union.

[Blank.] •■ ■■■•'--.

♦on.-) Mr. Cotton, being requested by the general court, with
some other ministers, to assist some of the miagistrates
in compiling a body of fundametal laws, did this court, pre-
sent a model of Moses his judicials, compiled in an exact
Ijthejj j|-cleflartdlj || -^ very man ij

from tlio «upT)orters of Mr?. Ilutcbinsoa, the autljor of Woiider-worLing Provi-
dence of Ziou'a Sivio'.ir says,

"They theo deprave, thy mlnistn,- despise;

Br tliv tl-ick uttorxnoe seok to call men back
From hc:irin^ th.-c: h\a Chrirt for tiR-e did ri-e,
And turned the whttl-riijlt over them to crack."

From our Toi\ti r»eoord3 I f;nd, that a daughter of "Wh.eehvright Tva?, in
December, 1660, married to Samuel IMavcrlck, soon after one of the royal couv
DaL-sioners to New England. Cotton ?>Iaihcr says, Belknap's New Hampshire,
in. AppoudLx; 1., that a daughter of this pilgrim intormed him, that her father
came in the same ship with Whiting of Lynn ; and if this were his first appear-
ance in our country, the authenticity of tlie famous Indian deed to him, for
■which, in the same letter, the credulous author of the 'Magnalia argued, \m\.- b«
rejected. That letter is well worth reading, as arx admirable specimen of feeble
argument; but the other evidence in the cause is irresistible; and it is not
necessary to found an oi>inion on the incompetency of the advocate. Wheel-
wright and his wife, iiary, were admilf'.d of iioston church 12 June, lC;5f',
"which was sooa after arrival.

16^1).] HENRY VANE. 241

method, which wore taken into fnrth^r consideration tiJi the
next general comt.

30.] Some of the chiu-ch of Boston, being of the opinion of
Mrs. Hutchinson, had labored to have Mr. Wheelwright to
be called to be a teacher there. It was propounded the last
Lord's day, and was moved again this day for resolution.
Onc^ of the church stood up and said, he could not consent,
etc. His reason was, because the church being well fur-
nished already with able ministers, whose spirits they knew,
and whose labors God || hadj| blessed in much love and sweet
peace, he thought it not fit (no necessity urging) to put the
welfare of the church to the least hazard, as he feared they
shouhl do, by calling in one, whose spirit they knew not, and
one who seemed to dissent in judgment, and instanced in two
points, Vv-hich he delivered in a late exercise there: 1. That a
believer was more than a creatu'-e. 2. That the person of the
Holy Ghost and a believer were united. Hereupon the gov-
ernour spake, that he marvelled :).t this, seeing jMr. Cotton had
lately approved his doctrine. To this Mr. Cotton answered,
that he did not remember the first, and desired IVIr. Wheel-
^^Tight to explain his meaning. He denied not the points,
but showed upon v/hat occasion he delivered them. "Where-
upon, there being an 1| -endeavor || to make a reconciliation, the
first replied, ihat, although jNIr. Wheelwright and himself might
likely agree about the point, and though he thought reverendly
of his godliness and abilities, so as he could be content to live
under such a ministvy ; yet, seeing li? was apt to rai.-o »lou])t-
ful disputations, he could not eon;.ent to choose him to that
place. Whereupon the chiuch gave way, that he might be
called to a new ciuirch, to be gathered at Mount Woollaston,
11 *iiow [| Braintree.-

Divers of the brethren took oflence at the said speech

against Mr. Wheelwright ; whereupon the same brother spake

in the congregation the next day to this effect : That, hearing

that some of the bri'thren were oflcnded at his former speech,.

II hath IJ Ij-iniiicationji ||''^uearH

^ This, wc cannot doubt, was 'Wlhtarop himself.
^ A later hand, I suspect Mather's, wrote the two last words
voi,. I. 21

242 HENRY VANE. [1636.

and for that offences were dangerous, he was desirous to give
satisfaction. The offence, he said, was in three things : 1. For
*90l^ that he had charged the brother in public, and for a thing
so long since delivered, and had not first dealt with him pri-
vately. For this he acknowledged it was a failing ; but tlie oc-
casion was, that, when he heard the points delivered, he took
them in a good sense, as spoken figuratively, seeing the whole
scope of his doctrine was sound, and savouring of the spirit
of God ; but hearing, very lately, that he was suspected to
hold such opinions, it caused him to think, he spake as he
meant. The 2d cause of offence was, that in his speech ap-
peared some bitterness. For that he answered, that they
well knew his manner of speech || was j| always earnest in
things, which he conceived to be serious ; and professed, that he
did love that brothers person, and did || " honor || the gifts and
graces of God in him. The 3d was, that he had charged him
to have held things which he did not. For this he answered,
that he had spoken since with the said brother; and for the
two points, — that !i^a|| believer should be more than a crea-
ture, and that tliere should be a personal union between the
Holy Ghost and a believer, — he had denied to hold either of
them ; but by necessary consequence, he doth hold them both ;
for he holds, (said he,) that there is a real union with the per-
son of the Holy Ghost, and then of necessity it must be per-
sonal, and so a believer must be more than a creature, viz.,
God-man, even Christ Jesus. For though, in a true union, the
two terms may ^till remain the same, etc., as between husband
and wife, he is a man still, and she a woman, (for the union is
only in sympathy and relation,) yet in a real or personal union
it-is not. Now, whether this were agreeable to the doctrine of
the church or not, he left to the church to judge; hoping that
the Lord would direct our teacher to clear these points fully,
as he had well done, in good measiue, already. "VYithal he
made this request to the [] 'brother, jj (which he said he did »cari-
ously and affectionately,) that, seeing these || ^variances jj grew
(and some estrangement withal) from some words and phrases,
\yhich were of || ^human invention, || and tended to doubtful
disputation, rather than to ediiiration, and had no footing in
||as|l ||^know|j JPthejj |j*teacher P uneasinesses jj j| "^ known intention |j

:;Cvv3;] HENRY YANE. 243

-^(•nptiire. nor h'ir\ been in usetn the purest churches for three
hundred years after Christ, — that, for the peace of the church,
etc., they in i -'lit be forhorn ; (he meant, person of the Holy
G.host, aiid r-.al union;) and concluded, that he did not intend
to dispute tl'.f matter, (as not having place or calling thereunto
ihen ;) yci, if any brother desired to see what light he walked
by, he would l>e ready to iinpart it to him. How this was
taken by tlu; congregation, did not appear, for no man ♦^ni
spnke to it.^

A day or two after, the same brother wrote his mind fiJly,
with such f-criptures and arguments as came to hand, and sent
it to iNJr. Cot I on.

(9.) 8.] A new churcli was gathered at Sagus, now Lynn.
The governour and depuiy were not there, being letted by the
r-oniiug hi. oi' a PJiip, and other occasions. It held the company
t\-o days, IMr. AYliiting,- wlo was to be the pastor, being very

' On this subjc'.t the prudent advice of our author has, in general, prevailed
iu New England; and the personality of the Holy Spirit, with other metaphy-
s^ical or barbarou-? torniinology " of human invention," has seldom, before the
k:-t age, eutcri d into the controversial labors of our divines, for whom the
language of th? scriptures, in their original tongues, appeared sufEcient. But
"Winthrop v^as 1- ss judicious in his conduct than in advice 5 for, having ob-
tained froiii Vriieelwright a denial of hi:; holding the tv^'o dangerous points, that
a believer ■\va? more than a cre.iture, and that there was a personal union be-
tween the Holy Spirii, and a believer, ho should have be<'n contented. Unhap-
pily he pj'oceeded to prove, that, by necessanj consequence, both opinions were
m;ui)tained b}- the herosiarch of Uraintice. ^^'e shall never have peace in the
churcli, if muddy-headed religionists are to be. mad-j ansu-orable for inf.'reTice.s,
which tliemsoI\vs d J not deduce from their dogmas. " Ca/ri/u.-v/j run io seed"
bt'canie, in the view o^ many Christians, a convenient periphrase for antino-
iiiianism ; and the creed of the predestinarian, to which one or more of the ar-
ticles of the Church of England makes nt-ar, and the catechism of the West-
minster Assembly a nearer ap[iroach, is often charged with all the dangerous
absurdities of the lieAthea notions of fate.

- "NV'e may be very confident, tb>t this notion of our author, of the unskilful-
r.'.-'.f in church matters of the Kev. S.imuel Whiting, is an error. He had been
in the country but a few months, and Winthrop probably contracted a preju-
dice against him from his going so soon to join the company of ])Oor Bachellor,
v.hich had been subjected to animadversion for its irregularities. It is strange,
tliat. Eliot omitted him in his Dictionary; but his memory is duly honoured by
Hul)bard, 104, Johnson, lib. t. c. o^, and, above all, Mather, TH. lufi.' In the
p-cat controversy about the Third, or Old South Church, in Boston, he and bis

244 HENEY VANE. - [1636.

unsldlful in church matters, and those who were to be members
not lit for such a work. At last six were accepted, with Mr.
Whiting, but w4th much ado.

12.] A commission w^as sent out of the chancery in Eng-
land to some private men here, to examine witnesses in a cause
depending || there; || but nothing was done in it, nor any return
made.^

[Large blank.]
*20'' "^^"^ "^^^ ships arrived here from London, and one a
week before. They were full of passengers, — men,
women, and children. One of them had been from London
twenty-six weeks, and between land and land |j -eighteen ||
weeks ; (the other two something less time ; ) their beer all spent
and leaked out a month before their arrival, so as they were
forced to stinking water (and that very little) mixed with sack
or vinegar, and their other provisions very short and bad. Yet,
through the great providence of the Lord, they came all safe on
shore, and most of them sound and well liking. They had
continual tempests, and when they were near the shore, (being
brought two or three days with a j| ^strong || east wind,) the
weather w;is so thick all that time ||*as|] they could not make
land, and the seamen were in great perplexity, w^hen on j] 'the I|
sudden the fog cleared, so as they saw Cape Ann fair on their
starboard bow, and presently grew thick again ; yet by their
com{)ass they made their harbor. There were aboard that
ship two godly ministers, Mr. Nathaniel Rogers,- and jMi'.
||hen;i! Ji-sixteonjl [j 'strong.-rj| irthatij jl'^aij

^on, Samuel, the minister of Billcrica, were much engaged. See Hutc-li. I-
270-274. lie is nii.^cnlled Lambert br Neal, History- of Puritans, IL 304. It
■jras from rc;_wd to Whiting, perhaps, that the to-iv-n received its name of Lynn,
as he had been a preacher in the borough of Lj-nn Regis in Xori'olk.

^ An unreasonable, though natural jealousy, may be imagined as the ground
of tills neglect. It might have come to private men from any court of a foreign
nation.

^ llubbanl, '}rii, thinks '• it micht be honor enough to say, that he i.vas the .«on
of Mr. John Ilogers, the famous preacher of Dedham." Ills descent from one
of the most celebrated of that '■ noble army of martyrs" seems only a modern
tradition, not heard of by either Mather or Hubbard, the latter of whom was
likely to know of. such a claim, for he married the only daughter of Kogers.

1636.] ireNRY YAIS-E. 245

Partridge,^ mxd many good people in that and the other ».-,,-,,.
s^hips ; and we had prayed ear;H'>tIy for them ; (for a small
pinnace of thirty tons, whicli came ont with them, and was
come in three weeks before, Ijroiight us news of their coming).
Li one of the other ships, the j>a.-sengers had but half a pint of
drinV for a day, fomteen days together; yet, through the Lord's
mercy, did all well. One of the ships was overset in the night
by a sudden gn^t, and lay so half an hour yet righted of
herself.

Cattle were grown to high rates; — a good cow, £25 or =£30;

Yet high veneraiim vre must bestow on the axuiable progenitor of a numer-
ous hst of nieri, who, ia several gL-nenitions, arc esteemed among the -worthies
of New England. His son, Jolm, vas president of Harvard College; and a
grandson and grea^ grardson werr- ministers of the s:xiii(i ehureh in Ipswich,
whieh was thus, by four degrees, supplied for over one hundredand twenty yoji;-'.
Other descendant? have been distinguished for useful ft" rvic:i-,s. Eliot, xL-:> i?
'i ery copious on th.is faniily of learned inou, quoting the Magi) alia, refer.-: tor.
particular publleatlon of the first jS'ath-i.niel ; but tlie highest subject of praise ia
it is omitted, '[flo tract is In the animdant collection a'-the Boston Athena;uni.
It Is a letter writron from this counfry to a member of })arllament, 17 December,
IfitS; and tlvoiigh, of course, it lavored the cause of liberty and reforuiaiion,
yet it contains a few lines of merited censure ag<unst the dishonorable aspersions
on the king by !MercurIus Britannii'us. In that intlammatory gazette, — a per-
fect copy of wliich, containing 130 numbers, from 2d Au.gust, 1643, to 18 May,
ItJlfi, perhaps a unique in ^Nmerica, and certainly very rare in England,
wa< In my po-S'jc.-;oii nl the day of (he great fire in Court Street, 1825, — the
nmuber 46, 5 August, 1644, bestows some vulgar abuse on the raodei-ation of
our peacemaker. Though Rogers's letter was printed under the authority of
parliament, being licensed by Ca'ainy, oi:o of the LToat ^\'es^minster divines,
the newspaper atli'ct? to cuhkuI.t ii .-'S part of au Oxford or royal I'Ot, and
insinuates, that the king had ag.-nts in "New England. Such Is the recf[>tion of
truth and decency in a tlvil war. Mather's name Is written In the first poL'e of
this curious belligerent volume ; but perhaps the author of the IVIagnalia, iu his
Life of Rogers, thought it unworthy of the amiable jiilg'rim, to recoid ^^ith
honor the gentle remonstrance in favor of his sovereign.

■•^ This gentleman is honored in the Magnalia, Morton's ^Memorial, and Eliot's
and Allen's Dictionaries. He was the first minister of Duximry, and needs
only the mention, which Judge Davis ha.^ given him. He left no son. J^lar-
garet, wife of John Mc'u-ahall, and I^lizabeth, wife of Rev. Thomas Thachi>r, were
his daughters. Juhnson bestows on him and I'tOgers verses of less value for their
beauty than justice. An honoraViIo descendant of Geornfe, who came the same
year with Rev. Rcdpli, and perhaps n.'.y be though" his brother, was well known
for his services Iu our revolutionary war.

21*

246 ' HENKY VAN'S. [1636.

a pail of bulls or o.veii, c£40. Corn was jj now || at 5s. the
bushel, and much rye was sown whli the plough this year,
for about thirty plougiis were at work, jj -Bread j]^ was at 9
and lO.v. the C. ; carpenters at 3s. the day, and other pwork-
mcn {j accordingly.

Tilings went not weU at Connecticut. Theu cattle did, many
of them, cast their young, as they had done the year before.
[Large blank.]

IVlons. D'AuIney, captain of Penobscott or Peiitngonett,
returned answer to the governour's letter, wherein he professed,
that They claimed no further than to Pemaquid, nor would
unless lie had furihrr order; and tliat he supposed, that the
cause wliy he had no order, etc., was, that the English ambas-
sador had dealt elTectually with the cardinal of France for
settling the limits for our peace, etc.

, T'lc govornour, Mr. Yane, a wise nnd godly gentleman, held,
with Mr. Cotton nnd many others, the indwelling of the person
of the Holy Gho.-t in a believer, and went so far beyond the
rest, as to maintain a personal union ^\qth the Holy CJhost;
but the deputy, witli the pastor and divers others, denied both ;
and the question proceeded so far by disputation, (in writing,
for the peace sake of the church, which all were tender of,) as
at length they could not find the person of the Holy Ghost in
scripture, nor in the primitive churches three hundred years
after Chri t. So ihai, all agreeing in the chief matter of sub-
stance, viz. that the Holy Ghost is God, and that he doth dwell
*207 ^^' ^^^ believers, (as the Father and Son botli are said also
to do.) but whetlier by his gifts and power only, or by
any other manner of presence, seeing the scripture doth not
declare it, — it was earnestly desired, that the word person
might be forborn, being a term of human invention, and tending
to doubtful disputation in this case.-
[Largo blank.]
!lncar|] tl-Boanl|j IPwoi-kjj

1 1 ina<le this alteration by conjecture; for tlie :\IS. looks very much like the
reailing of the foruier edition, which Dr. ^Ulcn, in his Biographical Dictionary,
oQers r..a.son for preferring.

- So nuich evil has not been cau.-ed in New England, as in nio^t other Pro

1636.] HENFvY VANK. 247

lOber.] The governoiir, receivinc^ letters from hi.- frirnds iti
Enghind, which necessarily required liis presence there, im-
parted the same to the counciP and some others; and, being
thereupon resolved of his return into England, called a court of
deputies, to the end he might have free leave of tlie country, cic.
They, being assembled in court, and himself declaring the
necessity of his departure, ond those of the council affirming
the reasons to be very urgent, though not fit to be lm])arted to
the whole court, they desired respite to consider thereof till the
morning; when one of the assistants using some p;itlietJcal
passages of the loss of such a governour in a time of sneii dan-
ger as did hang over us, from the Iiulians and French, the
governour brake forth into tears, and professed, that howsoever
the causes propounded for his departm-e were such a.- did con-
cern the utter ruin of his outward estate, yet he wo'iid v.uh.er
have hazarded aU, thon have gone froTVi iliem at HiIt- t.vioo, if
Sometliing else had not pressed him more, vi/., tlie. ine-'iiable
danger he saw of God's judgments to come upon ut for these
differences and dissensions, which he s;:w amongst us, atid the
scandalous imputations brought upon himself, as if he should
be the cause of all; and therefore he thought it best for him to
give place for a time, etc. Upon this the court concluded that
it would not be fit to give way to his departure upon these
grounds. Yv hereupon he recoiled hirnseli^, and professed, ^.-y^Q
that the reasons coaceniing liis own est-dte were sultlcicirt
to his own satisfaction for his departure, and therefore desired

ter^taiit COUP UK'S, liy iIk? •• /tr?'>' cjlihoKin Inrenfio..," no! ibiiiulin lUv s npf'.iros,
iior in the tliree earliost centuries of the. Chrisilau church. Our cxi.inpt.iou is
chielly owing to the separation of cli'iivh and ?tate, which gradually proceeded
after the, second generation. The early forhcarimj of the pcrson;dity of the
Holy Ghost in their technical theologj", after exauiiuation of the anfc-yicene
fathers, is not more a proof of the learning than of the moderation of the clerical
leaders of I\Ia?sachusetts.

1 Hubbard, 250, add^, " which at that time consisted but of two, bc^id.-.-,- hi'o-
self." In this I doubt the historian of Ipswich is mistaken, and thai A'omi' con-
sulted with the body of assistants, not merely the standing council tbr life, who
■wore part of the council of a.->ir^tauts. When the house of deputies asM-nibled,
as in the njxt sentence is tuld, -'/A-'^e o/ //(t- coj(/u-(7" mu.st mean iIk- men to
wh^m the giA-erT!our imparled il'^ hMttr.s; and no sug.;e: tion can be perceived,
that it was two, instead often or more, "who had tlius been honored.

/. Ui

' •■■:.'!»» I

248 HENRY VANE. . [I63g_

the court he might have leave to go; as for the other passage,
it blipped him uat of his pa:esion, and not out of judgment.
Upon this the court consented, silently, to his departure. Then
the question was about supply of his place. Some were of
opinion, thai it should b€ executed by the deputy; but this
scruple b.-ing cnst in, that if the deputy should die, then the
goveniiiient would be vacant, and none have power to call any
court, or to preside therein, etc., it was agreed to call a court of
elections, for a new governour and deputy, in case the present
deputy should be chose governoiir ; and an order was made,
(in regard of the season,) that such as would might send their
votes by proxy, in papers scaled up and delivered to the
deputies. And so this court was adjourned four days, and two
days after the court of elections was to assemble. These things
thus passed, diver-^ of the congi-ogation of Boston met tooether,
and agreed that they did not apprehend the necessitv of the
governour's departure upon the reasons alleged, and sent some
of them to declare the same to the court; whereupon the gov-
ernour expressed himself to be an o]>edient child to the church,
and therefore, notwithstanding t!ie license of the court, yet,
without the leave of the church, he durst not go away.^

Whereupon a great part of the court, and country, who
understood hereof, declared their. purpose to continite him still
in his place, and therefore, so soon as the day of election came,
and the country were assembled, it was thought the best way
for avoiding trouble, etc., not to proceed to election, but to
adjourn the court to th^^ great ■General comi" in Mny. And so
the c(Hirt of deputies, etc., continued still, (for the other court
v/as not called).

At this court the ciders of the churches were called, to ad-
vise vvdth them about |j discovering j] and pacifying the difter-
ences among the churches in point of opinion." The governour
11 discontinuing |[

1 Hutchinson, I. o3, judiciously regards tlie conduct of Vane as disslraulation ;
and though he follov.-e.l the narrative as autiiority ofHuhba-d, not of "Wlnthrop,
periiaps few aJmirers of the ardent republican, who o])po£ed the tyranny of
Cromwell, can fail t > u;;!to i:i the opiniori.

^ Notice of this consultation is net contained in the public records, and the

1G36,] HENRY VANE. 049

having declared the occasion to theiii, Mr. r)ndloy desired,
that men wotdd be i'-ee and opeii, '..-le. Auothei- of the magis-
trates spake, that ir would much luviher the end they cauic for,
if men would freely declare what they held diiinent from
otliers, a< himself would freely do, iji what point soever he
should he opposed. The governour said, that he would ^,-,^(^
Le i-ontrV"'. to do th*^ like, but that he underiitood the min-
istered were about it in o church v. ay, etc., which he sjjake upon
this occasion : the ministers had rnet, a little before, and had
drawn into heads all the points, wherein thf;y suspected ^Mr. Cot-
ton did dilTer from them, and had }>roponnded them to him, and
pressed luni to adir<^et answer, aifirmative or negaiive, to every
one; which he had prr,inised, and tuken time for. This meet-
ing being .spoke of in the court the day befort;, the goveruour
took i^rea': olTence nt ii. as being wiMioui. his privily, etc., which
this day iVfr. Peter told him a.s H plainly |j of, (with all duo rever-
ence.) and how it had .-added the ministers' spirits, that he
should be jealous of their meetings, or seem to restrain their
liboriy. etc. The govcrnour excused liis s|)eech, as sudden
and uj)0n a mistake. Mr. Peter told him also, that 'before he
came,'' within less tiian i wo years .^ince, the clun-ches were in
peace, etc. The goveruour answered, that the jj -light |j of the
gospel brings a sword, and the children of the bondwoman
would persecute thos-; of the freewoman. Mr. Peter also
besought him hufni)l\ to consider his |j'Wotuh,j| and short expe-
rience in the things of God, and to beware of peremptory con-
clusions, which he ]->''rc(^'Vf'd h.ifu to be very ap! mito. He
declared fiirtiier, lii-. h- h -d oiisci ■.•ed, !>oth m Uil^ L^w Coun-
tries and here, three priu^-ipal causes of new opinions and divi-
sions thereupon : 1. JVide, new noiions lift u]) tiie mind, etc.
2. Idl.Mjes-^. 3. [bhmk.]

coninmijify v.ouM, probah!}-, lur.e been nion; quiet, Lad tlie court done no more
th-m thtir .-ocretiirj' hns prejcrvod.

^ Jlirf >pvc- I-. -was .-'pprovod by llio co;!rt, a:* from tlio roconl, (.vliirli ]ii,jk-
ily cou<I<ts of only two liiic.-, about the v.'io'u; controversy,) at tlio next SL-c:iion,
appears.

250 HEN RV VANE. [163G.

differences and alienations among brethrfn were not speedi'y
lemedied; and laid the biume upon the=e new opinions risen
up amongst us, which all the magistrates, except the governour
and two others, did confirm, and all the ministers but two.

In this discourse |j one question j| arose about sanctification.
Mr. Coiton, iu his sermon that day, had laid down this ground,
that evident sanctification was an evidence of justification, and
thereupon had taught, that in coses of |] ^spiritual |] desertion,
true desires of sanctification was found to be sanctification ;
and further, if a man were laid so flat upon the ground, as he
could see no desires, etc., but only, as a bniised reed, did wait
at the feet of Christ, yet here was matter of comfort for this, as
found to be true.

,.-),^ The question here grew, whether any of these, or e^-i-
dent sanciification, could be evidence to a mMn"s\dihout a
concurrent sight of his justification. The governour and Mr.
Cotton denied it.

The speech of Mr. Wilson was taken very ill by Mr. Cot-
ton and others of the same church, so as he and divers of them
went to admonish him. But INIr. Wilson and some others could
see no breach of rule, seeing he was called by the coiurt
about the same matter with tlie rest of the elders, and |Pex-
horted II to deliver their mii:ds freely and faithfully, both for
discovering the danger, and the means to help ; and the things
};e spake of were only in general, and such as were under a
common ||*fame. || And being questioned about his intent, he
professed he did not mean IJoston church, nor the members
thereof, more rhau oiliors. Jbii Lhis would not satisfy, but they
called him to answer publicly, 3] ; and there the governour
pressed it violently against him, and all the congi-<^gation, except
the deputy and one or two more, and many of them with
much birterness and reproaches ; but he answered them all
with words of truth and soberness, and Avith marvellous wis-
dom. It was strange to see, how the common people were h rl,
by example, to condemn him in that, which (it was very proba-
ble) divers of them did not understand,^ nor the rule which
||two questi'>ri-;|| ||-special|i |pexpt;ote(l|| ||*forni|i

That the subje't -^^as not wt'll ui;dt'r>tiX)d, roay be, in cur days, tliought the

16:jG] HENlirVANE. 251

he was supposerl to have broken ; &nd that such as had known
him no long, and what good lio had done for that church,
should fall upon liua with suc'.i hitlerness for justifying himself
in a^ood cause; f^i- lie was a vcn^ holy, upright man, and ..-,.-.
for faith and love inferior to none in the country, and most
dear to all men. The teacher joined with the cb.urch in their
judgToeiit of him, (not without some appearance of prejudice,)
yet with much \\'i?dum md moderation. They were eager to
proceed to present censure, but the teacher staid them from
thai, telling them iic might not do it, because some opposed it,
but gave him a grave exhortation. The next day Mr. Wilson
prcielicd, notwiilisfMuding, and the Lord so assisted him, as
gave great satisfticTioji, and the governour himself gave public
witness to him.

On.^ of the breihren^ \\Tote to ^Tr. Cotton about it, and laid
before him divers failings, (as he supposed,) and some reasons
to ju.-tif} Mr- "Wilson, ana dealt very plainly with him. ]Mr.
Couon made a very || loving j| and gentle answer, clearing his
inteutions, and persi-tJng in his judgment of TvL-. Wilson's of-
lil'^"gl!

verv occasion of tlie bitterness, as in thec-Iogical controversies is often experi-
enced. Cliarity si^.oiilil be expected i-ather from those, "n-Iio •well comprehend
any mritter of doubt in the faith of the clarch; for only they know the rea-
sons for both sid-.s, ami the difllculty of foruiing a judgment. "U'inthrop and
Cotton, on opposite sides, were moderate. "Wilson's exculpation of hiniseli", in
the text, that he did not mean the members of his own church, more than
other.-j aj'pears somethin lilvfi cniiivocation; for that ohn.;-.-!! rva? f!..- only one
in the colony, waerci;) ;'■ y considerable j/;.Tt of the \vorship|'crs held these
deadly, vnintelllglblc opinions. Some palliation for his timidity is easily found
in the unhappy cirL-um^taaLe of all but two or three of the congregation t>c!ng
vexed at his speech, and ready to pi'occfd hastily to censure hlni for it. Tiie
diiTorcnce, it will be roen, iu several passages of this History, was very slight
betwefn the orthodox and heretical doctrine, even wlien men's Mits were sharp-
ened to discover that diil'oreiiee; and the indistinct shadovrs of meaning have,
in our time, almost wholly vanished. Perhaps the language of neither would
now be employed in definition of the nature or extent of divine intlucuccs on
the human soul. By then imj^nting to Cotton what he did not teach, — though
his gitVed hearers, Vane and Mi-s. Hutchinson, might so understand him, — op-
portunity was alVorued, however, for a syncni, to perform the important service
of settling, as they suppn^ed. the faith of future generations.
^ Wiuthrop, by this peripkrase, no doubt, uieans himself.

252 IIEXr.T TANE. [1636.

fence, laying down divers arguments for it. The said brother
replied to him in like loving manner, and desired leave to show
his letter to Mr. Wilson, which he readily assented unto. But
for answer to his arguments, he forbore to reply to Mr. Cotton,
(because he was overburdened with business,) but wrote to the
two ruling elders,^ (whom the matter most concerned,) and, by
way of defence of Mr. Wilson, answered all Mr. Cotton's argu-
ments.

Upon these public occasions, other opinions brake out pub-
licly in the church of Boston, — as that the Holy Ghost dwelt
in a believer as he is in heaven ; that a man is justified before
he believes ; and that faith is no cause of justification. And
others spread more secretly, — as that the letter of the scripture
holds forth nothing but a covenant of works ; and that the
covenant of grace was the spirit of the scripture, which was
known only to believers ; and that this covenant of works was
given by Moses in the jlten commandments; jj that there v\'as a
seed (vi?., Abraham's carnal seed) went along in this, and there
was a spirit and life in it, by virtue whereof a man might at-
tain to any sanctification in gifts and graces, and might have
ll^spiritualij and \\^ continual \\ communion with Jesus Christ,
and yet be damned. After, it was granted, that faith was be-
fore justification, but it was only passive, an empty vessel, etc. ;
but in conclusion, the ground of all was found to be assurance
by imraedi;ite revelation.

*,)|r) All the congregation of Boston, except four or five,
closed with these opinions, or the mo?t of tht^in ; but one
of the brethren wrote against them, and bore witness to the
truth ; together with the pastor, and very few others joined
with them.

About this time the rest of the ministers, taking olfence at
some doctrines delivered by Mr, Cotton, and especially at
some opinions, which some of his church did broach, and for
he seemed to have too good an opinion of, and too much fa-
ll tcntli coumiandiiK'ntJI |j-specbl|| |pblauk|| ,

1 Unfortunat'jly tbe^e i-Uer?, Oliver and Leverctt, -were infected n-ith the
same hankering after wbut was called antinoniiaui^m, as the great majority of
their brethren.

lGo6.] HE>'RY V.\17E. 253

miliarity with those persons, drew out s^rsteen points, and oave
them to him, entreating him lo deliver his judgment directly in
them, which accordingly he did, and many copies thereof were
dispersed about. Some doubts he well cleared, but in soiue
things he gave not satisfaction. The rest of the minister;^ re-
plied to these answers, and at large showed their dissent, and
the grounds thereof; and, at the next general court, held 9rh of
the 1st, they all assembled at Boston, and agreed to put off all
lectures for three weeks, that they might bring things to || some [|
issue.^

One Mr. Glover of Dorchester, having laid sixty pounds of
gunpowder in bags to dry in the end of his chimney, it took
fire, and some went up the cliimn.ey ; other of it fdled the room
and passed out at a door into another room, and blew up a
gable end. A maid, which was in ihe room, having her arms
and neck naked, was scorched, and died soon after. A little
child, in the arms of another, was scorched upon the face, bat
not killed. Two men were scorched, but not much. Divers
pieces, which lay charged in several places, took fire and \vent
ofT, but did no harn). The room was so dark with smoke, as
those in the house could neither fina door nor M'indow, and
when neighbors came in, none cotdd see each other a good
time for smoke. The house was thatched, yet took not fire ;
yet when the smoke was gone, many things were found burnt.
Another great providence wa<, that three little children, being
at the fije a little before, they went out to play, (though it were
a very cold da v.) and -^o wero nrr^'.^rved.

12 mp. 22.] The licuienani. j! -of jj Saybrool:, at the month of
Conrjcctieut, going out with nine men, armed with swords and
pieces, they startfd three Indians, whom they pursued till they
were brought into an ambush of fifty, who came upon them,
and slew four of their men, and had they not drawn their
flanji li'-atji

^ How uijurioui to the cau>e of the christian cliureh, this di.iui^reoment bo
t%seeu the able tca< iicr aud 'the meik ja-tor was, is evident by observing that
110 admission of any member is given fV'Mi 9 January, lOoG-7, when Xo. 'M-2
came in, before 30 Dcccniber, 1G3S, near two years. Liit soon alter Cotton
came, 37 had joined in three months.

VOL. r. 22

254 HENRY YANE. n^3,>

swords and retired, they had been aU slain. TIjg Indians were
so hardy, as they came close up io iheni, iiULwitlistanding their
pieces.^

•233 (11-) ^'"^•j Capt. Turner's house in Sagas took lire by
an oven about midnight, and was barnr down, wit!, all
that was in it, save the persons. About fourteen days since,
a ship called the CJeorge of Bristol, laden with cattle and pas-
sengers, (having been some time at the Vv'estern Islands,) and
having spent her mainmast about Cape Cod, and after come
near Brewster's Islands, was, by N. W. winds, forced to put
into Plhnouth.
^ 20.] A general fast was kept in all the churches. The occa-
sion was, the miserable estate of the churches in Germany ;
the calamities upon our native country, the bishops making
havock in the churches, pultii.-g down the faithful ministers^
and advancing popish ceremonies and doctrines, the pla:i;ie
raging exceedingly, and famine and sword threatening them ;
the dangers of those at Connecticut, and of ourselves also, bj-
the Indians ; and the dissensions in our churches.

The difierence.- in the said points of religion, increased more
and more, and the ministers of botii sides (there being only r^lr.
Cotton of one j>arty) did publicly declare their judgments in
some of them, so as aU men's moutlis were fnJl of ihera. And
there being, 12 mo. 3, a sliip n ady to go for England, and many
passciigers in ir, Mr. Cotton took occasion to speak to them
about the ditlerences, etc., and willed them to tell our country-
men, that all the strife amongst us was about magnifying the
grace of God; one party --ekii;- U. advance ihv gT'^cc^of "cioJ
within us, and the o^her to advance the grace of God towards
ns, (meaning by tiie one justilleation, and by the other sancu-
fication;) and so bade them tell them, that,' if there were anv
among them that would strive for grace, they should come
hither; and so declared some particulars. xAIr. Wilson spak(^
after him, and declared, that he knew none of the elders or

1 Trumbull, I. 7G, say,- it wa.s in Moirh, but he is wroiur- We have (ho
rep...rt of Ganiinor, tlie lieutenant, iu 3 ila^.s. Hist. Col!. 111. M.}. givin" ti..-
same d.:te a. alx.vo. OM two of hi^ nv^> wo,v killed. lbs uarratl^ isVory
amusin'r as well as e\aet

1 '

163G.] IIEXRY YAyi:. 255

brethren of the' chnrches. bvit did labor to advance the free
grace of God in justification, so far as the word of God requir-
ed; and spake also about the doctrine of sanctification, and the
use and necessity, etc., of it ; by occasion whereof no man
could tell (except some few. vrho knew the bottom of the mat-
ter) where vny diflerence was : which speech, though it offend-
ed those of INIr. Cotton'.s party, yet it was very seasonable to
clear the rest, who otherwise should have been reputed to
have opposed free grace. Thus every occasion increased the
contention, and caused great alienation of minds; and the
members of Boston (frequenting the lectures of other ruinis-
ters) did make much disTurl^ance by public qu'-stions, and ob-
jections to their doctrines, ^\'hich did any uay disagree from
their opinions ; and it began to be as common here to distin-
guish between men, by beirig under a covenant of grace or a
covenant of works, as in other countries betweeji Protest- ,,.^, ,
ants and Papists.

February 6.] A man of Weymouth (but not of the church)
fell into some trouble of mind, and in the night cried out, '• Art
thou come. Lord Jesus ? " and with that leaped out of his bnd
in his shirt, and, breaking from his wife, leaped out at a high
window into the snow, and ran about seven miles off. and
being traced in the snow, v.^as found dead next morning.
They might perceive, th;it he had kneeled down to prayer in
divers places.

(].) 9.] The general court began. When any matter about
these new opiu'op.s wn^^ ]UPT'.t ioned, th'^ court was divided ;
yet the gu-atcr number lar were sound. 'L'ht.'y que.-iioned
the proceeding against Mr. Wilson, for his speech in the last
court, but could not fasten upon such as had prejudiced him,
etc. ; but, by the vote of the greater party, his speech was
approved, and declared to have been a seasonable advice, and
no charge or accusation.

The ministers, being called to give advice about the author-
ity of the court in things concerning the churches, etc, did
all agree of these tvco Hiings: 1. That mo memlx-r Oi the
court ought to be publicly questioned l>y a church for any
speech in the court, without the license of the court. The
reason was, because the court may have suilicient reason that

256 - ITL^llY YANE. ' [1(j:jg.

may excnse the sin. which yet may not be fit to acquaiiii
the church wiili, being a secret of state. The second tliinj^
was, that, in all .-uch heresie:s or errors of any church members
as are manif^si and dangerous to the state, the court may
proceed without tarrying for the church ; but if the opinions bo
doubtful, etc., they are fu-st to refer them to the church, etc.

At this coart, when Mr. Wheelwright was to be question-
ed for a sermon, v.'hich seemed to tend 1o sedition, etc., near
all the church of Boston presented a petition to the court for
two things: 1. That as freen,>en they might be present in cases
of judicature. 2. That the court would declare, if they might
deal in cases of conscience before the chnrcli., etc. This was
taken as a groundless and presumptuous act, especially at this
season, and \\"as rejected with this answer : That the court had
never used tc> proceed §judieiariy § but it Avas openly ; but for
matter of consultation and preparation in causes, they might
a; id would be private.

One Stephen !; Greensmith, jj ^ for saying that all the mlnis-
*.-,-, r ters, t Kcept A. B. C.r did teach a covenant of works, wa=;
censured to acknowledge his fault in every church, and
f:ned ^40.

Mr. \Yhee]\vright, one of the m-cmbers of Boston, preach-
ing at the last fast, inveighed against all that vv'alked in a
covenant of works, as he described it *to be,* viz., such as
maintain saiiciifieation as nn eviflence of justification, etc.'' and
called them antichrists, and stirred np the people against them
with much bitterness and vehemenfv. For this he was called
II -into jj the ciH.rf-, and his sermon being prouucfu, he jiisliued it,
and confessed he did mean all that walk in such a Vv-ay.
Whereupon the elders of tlu-. rt^t of the churches were call-
ed, and asked whether they, in their ministry, did wall: in
IGrvouJl ||-^ before II

1 Grt'c-n.-iiiiili wiis a person of some const;>peuce, as "vve slioulJ infor from
the names of liis sunties, -rIucIi ma}' be scea in Addeiula.

- From the Iiernrd' of the general court. I find tlie names to be, Cotton,
Wheelwright, '-and, i;5 he thought, Mr. Hooker.'" His sentence required
also sureties in 'ilvO. Of the pavmeut of the fine notice will appear in
Addenda.

^ This explanation wa-s in the margin.

1636.] mL\RY VANE. 257

surh a way. Thoy all acknowlodfjferl they did. So, after
much debate, the court adjudged him guilty of sedition, and
also of contempt, for that the court had appointed the fast as a
means of reconciliation of tho»dilTerences, etc., and he pur-
posely set himself to kindle and increase them,^ The govera-
our and some few more (who dis.vonfcd) tendered a pro-
testation, which, because it wholly ju'^tilied Mr. ||Wheel-
ji Wilsoi. II

1 In the aivhives of the Iliitorical Society, I discovered, mail} xciiTs ..alaie,
the larger part, being the last thirty-three pagoi, of this inllainniatory di?courie'
which has never been printed, and probably noi read more than once or twice
for two hundred years. Having no acquaintance with the handwriting of
Wheelwright, though it is an ancient ]VIS., I am not able to ascertain, whether
it be copy or orig'ual; yet it is probably original, for some compiiratlvely mod-
ern preserver has written on a blank leaf, that it '' was left in the Landsof 2\lr.
John Coggeshall, who was a deacon of the church in Bo.-ton.'" The chaiactcr
of the sei-mon is, however, of more importance; and I unhesitatingly say, that
it was not such as can justify the court in their sentence for sed'd'.on an.] con-
tempt, nor prevent the present age from regarding that proceeding as an (-xam-
ple and a warning of the usual tyranny of ecclesiastical faction^. The author's
conduct is by him.se If judged with sufficient severity in two letters, which w-ill
appear in tliis History sub an. 1G44. Similar, and often much lionvicr artillery
of reproach, is too often employed in that fc.rtrcss, within which the brave de-
fenders fear no answer of an adversar}-'s fire.

The followers of Cotton, supporters of >\Tieehvright, and auirm-crs of Mrs.
Hutchinson, have been usually stigmatized as antinomians ; and 1 am well satis-
fied, that the tendency of their doctrines was, by unscriptural representations
of grace, to disparage the value of good works. But by many the saruo opin-
ion is ent. :taiii-:d --f iL,- ',•,• ! ■ y li t ,,:li'i;- a the gre^;t b,.:ly r-f UxAc antag-
onists. We should never iaij>utc conciusiuus from the premises of one party,
drawn by the adversary. With all his ardoiu- against the errors of that time,
"\\ mthrop. who well understood them, has not used this term of reproach,
though Weldc and other inquisitors have trusted much to the influence o? an
odious name. It is the most common artifice of the " e.\.quisite raucoai- of theo-
logical hatred." Though we may presume it was given, the deluded did not
adopt the denomination. I shall not be blamed for an extract from this sermon,
which Hutchinson, I. 57, I f.ar, without having read it, characterizes as " cnrrv-
mg antinomianism to the height." It contain.- this exhortation :•• Thirdly, let
us have a care, that we do show ourselves holy iii all manner of good conver.-^-
tion, both in private and pidjlic; and, in all our carriages and couver-ations, let
u-i have a care to endeavor to b? holy as the Lord is; let us not give occasiou
to those that are coming on, or manifestly Oi>posite hj the ways of grace, to sus-
ptct the way of grace ; let us carrv ourselves, that they uiay be ashamed to

22*

258 HENRY YJ^E. [1636.

wright,|j' and condemned the proceedings of the court, was re-
jected. The church of Boston also tendered a petition in his
behalf, justifying Mr. AVheelv. right's sermon. The court de-
ferred sentence till the next court, and advised with the minis-
ters, etc., whether they might enjoin his j| silence, || etc. They
answered, that they were not clear in that point, but desired
rather, that he might be commended to the church of Boston to
take care of him, etc., which acc-irdingly was done, and lie en-
joined to appear at the next court. iMuch heat of -contention
was this court between the opposite parties ; so as it was
moved, that the next court might be kept at Newi;own. The
*917 go"^'crnour refused to put it to the vote ; the deputy was
loath to do it, except the court wi^uld require him, be-
il sentence II

Llame us; let tis deal iTprightly wich those ■with wliom we Lave occaaoa to deal,
and have a care to guide our fcimilies and to porlbmi duties that belong to ns;
and let us have a care that -u e give not occasion to otliers to say, ^ve are liber-
tines or antinomians."

A perfect copy of this semion, from the state house, ■with a great body of
otlicr old papers, supposed formerly to have belonged to Gov. Hutchinson,
was presented to the Historical S.jciety ; and from this I find no reason to alter
the foregoing opinion. The text was, for the views of his party, admirably
chosen from Matt. ix. 15.

Mather, book yn. chap. iii. soot. 3, says, of "Wheelwright, '-he published a
vindication of himself against the wrongs, that by ilr. "Welde and by Mr. Kuth-
erford had been done unto him." The scarcity of this tract induces me to
enlarge my quotation from the ^ra<malia: "In this vindicntioii, he not only
produces a speech otVMr. ('o''.):i. J ,.■',) C'':).r::Vz: and prc/css, that our brolher
IVfuelvtrigJU's doctrine w according to Cod in the points controverted ; but also a
declaration from the whole general court of the colony, signed by the secretary,
August 24, ltj54, upt^n the petition of Mr. "Wlieclwright's church at Hampton,
'ax which declaration they profess, tliat, hearing that ]Mr. Wheelwright is, ly
!Mr. Rutherford and ilr. "W'elde, rendered, in some books printed by them, ns
heretical and criminous, they now signify, that Mr. "\Ylieclwright hath, for tlicse
many years, approved himself a sound, orthodox, and profitai)le minister of tlic
gospel, among those churches of Christ." Wheelwright's first tract is in th •
British Museum, in answer to Wolde.

1 By following the absurd reading of the first edih'on, substituting the chief
of one party fir the head of the other, Emerson, History of First Church,
38, puzzled his reader' in a ma'^e, from which they may now ca-ily be ex-
tricated.

3G:37.j HEXEY YAJ<IE. 0.59

cause he dwelt in Boston, etc. So tlie coart put it to Mr. En-
decott.'

21.] iMiantniinomoh, etc., sent twenty-six, with forty fathom
of wampom and a Pequod's hand. We gave four of the chief
II each Ij a coat of |{ - fourteen |j shillings price, and deferred to
return our present till after, according to their manner.

Mo. 2. 1.] Those of Connecticut returned answer to our
public letters, wherein they showed themselves unsatisfied
about our former expedition against the Pequods, and th<'ir
expectations of a further prosecution of the war, to which they
offer to send men, and signify their nnpreparedness to declare
themselves in the matter of government, in regard of their
engagem.ent to attend the answer of the gentlemen of Saybrook
about the same matter.

10.] Capt. Urilerhill was sent to Saybrook, with twenty-
men, to keep the fort, both in respect of the Indians, and
especially of the Dutch, who, by (heir speeches and supplies
out of Holland, gave jj "cause || of suspicion that they had some
design upon it. The men were sent at the charge of the gentle-
men of Saybrook, and lent by order of the council here, for fear
any advantage shoidd be taken by the adverse party, tlu-ougli
the weakness of the place.

6.] The church of Concord kept a day of humiliation at
Newtown, for ordination of their elders, and they chose ^ir.
Buckly teacher, and Mr. .Jones pastor. Upon a question moved
by one sent from tlie church of Salem, it was resolved by the
ministers there present, that such as had been ministers in
Engluud were lawfiii ministers by ti)e call of the people there,
notwithstanding their acceptance of the call of Ihe bishops, ei^.,
(for which they humbled themselves, acknowledging it their
sin,- etc.,) but being come hither, they accounredjUiemselves n6
II sachems |l || - nineteen jj || ^ occasion ||

^ Boston ■was punislied for its political contumacy, cue hundred and tbirty
years later, by a royal go\ ornour in the same manner.

2 Ordination by a bishop in England must have been thoup;bt valid, for by
tluit rite it was. that all t!jo other ministers assorted their claims to odice, as wo
may ?(-e at the election, in August, lC30,of Wiison to the first chuixh of Jx>>tou.
The pco])le abo equally respected it. But how it should be a sin, }\.t a valid
entrance or admission to the Christian uiiulstr)-, can be explalnod only by such

2G0 HENllY YAXE. [16:37'.

niiniritcr5, uiiiil they were called [jto|| another church, and
that, upon election, they were ministers before they were
solemnly ordained.

The governonr, and Mr. Cotton, and IVIr. Wheelwright, and
the two ruling elders of Boston, and the rest of that church,
*oiQ ^^'hich weie of any note, did none of them come to this
meeting. The reason was conceived to be, because they
accounted tlic^e as legal preachers, and therefore would not give
approbation to jheir ordination.

3. 2.] Mr. tiaynes, one of our magistrates, rem.oved with his
family to Connecticut.

12.] "We rectMved a letter from him and others, being then
at Saybrook, that the Pekods had been up the river at Weath-
ersficld, and had killed six men, being at theix work, and twenty
cows and a nmrcj and had kil'ed three women; and caiTied
away two maids.

Mr. AVinslow was sent from (he governour and council of
Plimouth to treat with us about joining against the Pequods.
lie declared iirst liuir willingness to aid us ; but that they could
not do any thing till their general court, which was not till the
first Tuesday in the 4th month. Then he made some objec-
tions : as, 1. Our refusal to aid them against the French. 2.
Oiur people's trading at Kenebeck. 3. The injury offered them
at Connecticut liy those of Windsor, in taking away their land
there. 4. Tlieir ow)i poverty, and our ability, which needed
not any help from them.

To this answer vras made by our governour r-.^d deputy :
that, 1. W'l- c:o r....i desire them to alTord aid unto us, but to
join against the common enemy, who, if he were not subdued,
would prove as dangerous to them as to us, and, he prevailing,
would cause all tlie Indians in the country to join to root out
all the English. 2. For our refusal to aid them against the
French, the case was not alike, for it was their private cpuirrel,
and they were supposed to have commission from the king of

P>y||

tlniid casTiisiS as Ivur.Mjd them-olvos for tlu'ir act in submitting to it. Dr. Iiacon.
in his d'jliglitt'ul lli^t jiical Di-rourjcs, ba<, in some good degree, cxplaiuud the
. Duitter.

''le:'.?.] IIEXRY VANE. 261

France, and we thonirhr it no wisdom for us to enga^iic ourselves
in a war with the king of France ; §yet we acknowledged some
failing in it. §^ For onr people's trading at Kenebeck, we an-
swered, that we gave no allowance to it, nor had we heard of
more than a boat or two that had been there. For the injury
done them at Connecticut, Ave had dealt with them to give
satisfaction, but it wu< not in our power to do them justice in
it. i! He II alleged also, that this war did not concern them,
seeing the Pequod? had not killed any of theirs. "We answered,
that Capt. Stone, etc., for whom this war was begun, were none
of ours neither. || - He || alleged farther, that, in our first under-
taking, they were not acquainted with it till two or three days
before our forces were to go forth. We answered, we *.-,.q
intended at the first to send only to Block Island, and for
that we thought it not necdfiJ to trouble them, and om* sending
them thence to the Pcquods was with hope to diaw them to
parley, and so to some quiet end. We concluded to write
further to them from our next court. And whereas they pro-
pounded to have us promise to aid them in all their occasions,
etc., we answered, that, seeing, when we now treated with them
about joining with us, they were at liberty and might withhold,
except they saw reason to move them ; so we desired to be left
'free, that we might judge of the reason of any such occasion as
might f J] out. According hereunto we wait to tlumi the 20th
of the od montii. and gave them some considerations, why they
should join with us : as, 1. because, if we should be overcome,
it v.-ould co.-t them piore to help ■"•=■, and be ]e?.--, afO'^p^nble ; 2.
if we should prevail without them, it would occasion ill thoughtcs
in our people towards theirs, etc. So we left it to them.

17.] Our court of elections was at Newtown. So soon as
the court was set, being about one of the cloclc, a petition was
preferred by those of Boston. The govcruour would have read
it, but the deputy said it was out of order ; it was a court jj '^for |j
elections, and those must first be despatched, and then their
petitions should be heard. Divers others also opposed that
course, as an ill preeedcnl, etc. ; and the petition, being about
liThevil i|-TheyJi li^'ofji

This chuse was brouu'lit fVoin the mavL'-In.

262 J^VIIN WINTHROP. • [1G37.

pretence of liberty, etc., (though intended chiefly for revoking
the sentence given against I\Ir. AYheehvright,) would have spent
all the day in debate, etc. ; but yet the governour and those of
that party would not proceed to election, except the petition
was read. Much time was already spent about this debate,
and the people crying out for election, it was moved by the
deputy, that the people should divide themselves, and the greater
number must carry it. And so it was dono, and the gTcater
number by jj many |] were for election. But the governour and
that side kept their place still, and would not proceed. AVhere-
upon the deputy told him, that, if he would not go to election,
he and the rest of that side would proceed. Upon that, he
came from his company, and they went to election ;^ and Mr.
Winthrop was chosen governour, Mr. Dudley deputy, and i\[r.
*.,;jQ Endecott, of the stantling council;- and Mr. Israel Stough-
ton and Mr. Richard Saltonstall were called in to be
assistants ; and Mr. Vane, Mr. Coddington, and Mr. Dummer,
(being all of ||-that|| faction.) were left quite ottt.

There was great danger of a tumult that day ; for those of
that side grew into fierce s])ecches, and some laid haiuls on
others; buc. seeing themselves too weak, they grew quiet.
They expected a great advantage that day, because the remote
towns wnere allowed to come in by proxy ;-^ but it fell out, that
llwnchli li^^tliell

^ A pleasant .>tory of the exertion of Wilson to secure this election Is told by
Hutchinson, I. 62.

-He held this place, wthont ic-eifciion, till the chaiii:e of the constitution
in 1G39.

8 The admission of proxies was justified by experience at the election of the
former year, and at the fjenoral court in December preceding this course Avas
adopted,' as by the re •ord appears : " This court, taking into serious consi lera-
tlon the great danger and damage that may accrue to the state by all tlie free-
men's leaving their plantations to come to the place of elections, have therefore
ordereil it, that it shall Ixi free and lawful tor all freemen to send their votes for
elections by proxy, the next general court in May, and so for hereafter, which
shall be done in this manner: The deputies, which shall be chosen, shall cause
the freemen of their towns to be assembled, and then to take such freemen's votes
as please to send by proxy f<-»r every magisti-atc, and se;d them up severally,
bubscribing th-^ niagi.-trate's name on thi; back si<le, and so to bring them to the
court sealed, with an open roll of the names of the freemen that, so send by pmx} ."

•1037.] JOHN WINTHROP. 263

there were enough beside. Rut if it had been otherwise, they
lau.st have put in their deputu s, as other towns had done, for
all matters beside elections. Los ton, having deferred to choose
deputies till the election was passed, went home that night, and
the next morning they sent Mr. Vane, the late governour, and
IMr. Coddingtoa, and I\Ir. Hoile, for their deputies ; but the
court, being grieved at it, found a means to send them home
again, for that two of the freemen of Boston had not notice of
llio election. So they went all home, and the next morning
they returned the same gentlemen again upon a new choice ;
and the coiu-t not finding hov/ they might reject, liium, they
were admitted.

Upon the election of the new governour, the Serjeants, who
had attended the old governour to the court, (being all Boston
men, where the new governour also dwelt,) laid down their
halberds and went home ; and whereas they had been wont to
attend the former governour to and from the m'-etings on tli^
]jord'3 days, they gave over nov\-, so as the nev.- governour Vv-as
fain to use his own servants to cavry two halberds before him ;
whereas the former governotir had never less than four.^

Divers writings were now ptiblished about these differ- ».-;..-,.
ences. Among the rest, the magistrates |j set |j forth an

^ !^[any ^vriter.-;, looking only to the ton:- of this paraorapli in our author, haw;
considered that the ofBcers showed a special discourtesy to hiai. A strict ex-
amination of the complaint, perhaps, may show that if was not very well founded,
aiid ooitainly oxen;;", U'r-^e :^v■!■J.'ant^ iVuni {ho Dbl^Mjiiy. '11; ■ Culony Record,-.
I. 145, instruct us, that, at the general court iu iMarch, 1G3.5, it was ordered.
" Uiat at every general court there shall be six men appointed by the governour
for the time being, out of the town where he lives, to attend with halberds and
swords -upon the person of the govermrvLir, and the rest of the members of ilii;
court, during the space of the first day uf every general court; and that tliorc
shall be two men appointed by the governo!n-,to attend in hke manner at cycty
particular court at tlie public charges." AVhcn Ilaynes was afterwards chosen,
the ofUcers for thi.s service, appointed by him, of course belonged to Newtown ;
when Vane succeeded, he was required to appoint men nf Boston; and at thi-;
clo'tion, after Winthmj) wa^s sworn in, he might have appointed the same or
oth-rs of the .«ame torni. P.ut those, whose oflice ceascil witli the autliority of
^ c'lie, ari' not, it seem-; to me, to bo b1,(niod lor declinin;.'. with'Vjt connni^sion
anew, to wait on his successor.

rm^' > JOHN AYTNTnB,OP. [1637.

apology^ to justify the sentence of the court against Mr. Wheel-
WTight, Nvhicii tlic adverse party had much opposed and apoken
evil of, ap.d did also set forth a remonstrance to that end, in
which they did not deal fairly ; for, in abbreviating IMr. Wheel-
wriglit his sermon, they clear altered both the words and mean-
ing of such passages in it, whereat the ofience was taken, and
which were the ground of the court's sentence.

IMr. \YhtM'l\vright also himself set forth a small || tractate ||
about the principal docliine of his sermon, viz., about the cove-
nant of grace, which was also differing from his sermon.

The other ministers also set out an answer to his sermon,
confuting the same by many strong arguments.

jMt. Cotton also replied to *their answer very largely, and
stated the differences in a very narrow scantling; - and Mr.
Shepherd, preaching at the day of election, brought them yet
nearer, so as. except men of good understanding, and such as
knew the bottom of the tenents of those of the other parly, few
could see where the dirlerence was; and indeed it seemed so
small, as (if men's aflections'i. ad not been formerly alienated,
when tire differences were formerly stated as fundamental)
they migiit easily have come to reconciiialion. For in these
particulars they .agreed : 1. That justification and sanctifiea-
tion were both together in time ; 2. That a man must know
himself to be justitied, before he can know himself to be sanc-
tified ; 3. Thr.t the spirit never witriesscth justification without
a II -word jj and a work.

The diRcrence was, whc^iher the first assurance be by an

obsolute p.oini.^c alw ays, an.l uoi by a coi.JiiioiKil also, and

whether a man could have any true assurance, without sight

*ooo of some such work iji his soul as no hypocrite could

attain unto.-

11 treatise I! ||-woi)Jerj|

^ It is printed in WeMe's ilise, Ivcign, and Euin.

- Upon such a harmony of the creeds, without want of reverence for the Avis-
dom and sincerity of our an-'ostors, v-e m-iy well refer tc tho Language of Solo-
mon, Prov. i. 6, — "the words of the wise and tlnir dark sayings." The sira-
ph'city of the gosjiel seeiu.5 utterly obscured by this controversy about the
priority of santtifieaiion or jusli'ication, wliich may ]>e thought ])r'iruinid, or
oidy absurd, according to the reader's edueaiiou and ability to " darken coun-
sel bv words M-itbout knowledire."

, 'T'

1037.] JOHN AVINTHROP. 0^5

At the court i\Ir. Wlieelwriglit. according as he was enjoin-
ea, did appt-ar ; bat, because a general day of humiliation was
appointed, and it was agreed, that all the churches should
choose certain men to meet and confer about the diflerene.':>,
the court gave liim respite to the next session, (which was ap-
pointed the first Tuesday hi August,) to bethink himself, that,
retracting and reforming his error, etc., the court might show
him favor, whieli oilierwise he must not expect. Ilis answer
was, that if he had committed sedition, then he ought to be
put to death ; and if Ave did mean to proceed against him, he
meant to appeal to the king's court; for he could reti-act noth-
ing. The court told him, that they were clear in the justice of
their proceeding, and should judge of his olience as they had
done, if it were to do again ; but if, upon the conference among
the churches, the Lord should discover any further lighr. to thera
than as yet they had seen, they should gladly embrace it.

Th(^ intent of the court in defer: ing the scnv^nee was, that,
being thus provoked by their lumuhuous course, and divers
insolent speeches, which some of that party liad uttered in the
court, and having now power enough to have crushed them,
their moderation and desire of reconciliation mi^^ht apoear
to all. ° ^ ^

Having received intelligence from JMiantunnomoh, that the
Pcquods had sent their women and cliildren to an island for
their safety, we presently sent n way forty men by land to the
A'arigansetts, and there to take in INIiantunnomoh, (and he
ottered to send sixteen men with l!o(u-s, j!) aiK^ <(». in the nioht
to set upon tliem.

We also provided to send o-ie lumdred and sixty ^ more
11"^!!

^ Of this nurubiT, the proportiou to be raised by the several towns w;xs <•«
follows: Boston, 2G; Salem, IS; Ipswich, 17; SaguH, IC ; Watertown, 1-1;
Dorchester, 13; CharU-town, 12; Roxbury, 10 ; Newtown, ; Xowburj". 8;
Hmgliam, G ; Wcym^atli, 5 ; Modlbrd, 3 ; Marblohead, 3. The note in llutcli-
"^■>"ii, on I. 76, Is wrong, by one figure, in the apportionment of Xewtown,
ii'any of whose chief men had then lately ren oved to Cuimecticut, It wiU be
J^^^-ii, lu a con.paiison of llie several notes on this subject, that the relative popu-
; '""n and wealth of our st-nlements fie.^.cnlly clianged. At the general court,
'n Augti.t IbUowing, a rate of i:400 was thus assessed : Boston, Xo'JA ; Jjalem,

VOL. I. 23

2CG 'TOHX WINTHFvOP. [1G37.

*r)oo after them to prosecute the war; and Mr. Stoiighioa,
one of the magistrates, was sent with them, and Mr. Wil-
son, the pastor of Boston. These tsvo were chosen thus in the
open court : Three magistrates were set apart, and one was
designed by a lot ; also the eiders set apart trvs^o ; and a lot was
cast between them in a solemn public invocation of the name
of God.

*22.] Miaj'tunnomoh sent us word, thai Capt. JNIason, with
a cpmpany of the English upon the river, had surprised and
slnin eight Pequods, and taken seven squaws, and with some
of them had redeemed the two English maids.*

24.] Bv letters from Mr. Williams we were certified, (wliich
the next driv was confirmed by some who came from Say-
brook,) that Capt. Mason ^ was come to Saybrook with eighty
Er.'glish anl one hundred Indians; and that the Indians had
gone out there, and met with seven Pequods; five they killed;
one they took alive, wliom the ]<]nglish put to tortiure ; and set
all their heads upon the fort. The reason was, because they
had tortured such of our men as they took alive.-

£45.12; Dorchester, £42.6; Cliark'stovvn, £42.6; Ipsw-Ich, £34'.12; Water-
town, £30.8; Roxburv', £30.8; Newtown, £29.12; Sajrus, £28.16; Meclford,
£24.12; Xewburj-, £16.18; Hingbam, £8.10; Weymouth, £6.16. Property
ami numbers, in a ven' short period, appear to have been quite unequal!}" dii-
ti-ibuted between Medtbrd and I\larbleuead, the latter place having no asseis-
ment laid upon it, unless probably as a precinct of Salem, yet was before called
on for as nuiny soldiers as the other.

1 An auipli ,y;cou.i. (-'C Ma^ou I- given by Alloa, aiv.l it sji^ii-s strange, that
Eliot omitted >o distiuguishod a name. That he anhed in ItJoO, with the first
settlers of Dorchester, as Alhm assorts, from Tnmibuli, 1. 322, may be an error,
as his name is not found before December, 1632, when he went in the expedi-
tion after the pirate Bull, of which notice in this volume, 96, 97, may be com-
pared with 2 Hist. Coll. Yni. 232. I presume he came in that year, and know,
that he was admitted a freeman 4 ^NUarch, 1634-5. Prefixed to his own History
of the Pequot War, in which he deserves the principal honor, reprinted ^ Iliit-
Coll. YIII. 120-153, is a life by the diligent hand of I'rince, who would not
assign an earlier arrival. His son, John, a captain, was wounded, 19 Dcccn-
ber, 1675, in the great battle with the Xarragansettj, and died in Septeiabor
following. Desi-eiidants of this energetic warrior are tbuud in New England, oi
whom one wa.s the great lawyer, Jeremiah Ma.son. Abundant corr( spondcncc
of his with J. Winthiop of Connecticut is preserved.

* It was, pixj'tiably, a mistaken policy, however justifiable the practice of rctaJ-

1637.] JO^l^' ANTS'THROP. 267

The Dutch governour sent a sloop to Pcquod to redeem the
two English maids by what means soever, though it were with
breach of their }>eace with the Pequods.^ The sloop ollcred
largely for their ransom; but nothing would be accepted. *,-),-) a
So the Dutch, having many Pequods aboard, stayed six of
thera, (the rest leaped overboard,) and with them redeemed the
two maids, who had been w^ell used by the Pequods, and no
violence offered them.^

The former governour and Mr. Coddington, being disconient-
ed that the people had left them out of all public service, gave
further proof of it in the congregation ; for they refused to sit
in the magistrate's seat, (where ]\Ir. Vane had always sitten
from his first arrival,) and went and sate with the deacons,
although the governour sent to desire them to come in to liim.^
And upon the day of tl':e general fast, they wont from Boston
to keep the d;.y at the Mount with Mr. Wheelwright.

Another occasion of their discontent, and of the rest of that
party, was an order, which the court had made, to keep out all
such persons as might be dangerous to the commonwealth, l^y
imposing a penalty upon all such as shotdd retain any, etc.,
above three weeks, which should not be allowed by some of tlie
magistrates; for it was very probable, that they expected many
of their opinion to come out of England from Mr. |jBrierlyj|
his church, etc.*

!ir..ii

iation may be with nations of nearer similarity of manners. Savajres are hanlly
tameil hy kindnc?.-; liovcr i.y •.-.evt. ; ii_>. ^ i.imeut, ti:af luavo lu. i. ;h>:'ulil be
commanded to torture a prisoner of war.

1- This kindness of the Dutch I wish had been longer remembered by their
neighbors of Connecticut, especially as mutual charges, \\-ithout proof, of iicite-
ment of the barbarians, are so freciuently made by all civilised nations. Of the
several causes of the war of 1812, an earnest supporter of the declaration,
afterwards President of the United States, speaking of t!ie Orders in Couiic-il,
s.aid, to " keep thcni out of sight, is like laying your finger over the unit before a
Series of noughts, and then arithmetically proving, that they are all notliing."

^ Xo instance of the worst violence to woman has ever been told of our alM>ng-
iues. Johnson, lib. IT. c. 1, who makes them the " seed of the serpent," says the
Indians questioned these maids " to know whether they could make gunpowder."

' A'^ they ceased to be magistrates, by not Ix'ing rechosen, they had no right
in the seats.

* In Cotton's Way of Congregational Churches Cleareel, in answer to r>ayley,

o^S .. JOPTN WTjS'TimOF. [1637.

This order, and other differences between the new govern-
oar and ihcin, was the cause, that, at his return to Boston,
none of th^^m met him; and the Serjeants, which had constant-
ly attended the former governoiir to all public meetings with
four halberds, did now refuse to do any such office to the new,
alleging that ihey had done it to the former voluntarily, in re-
spect of his person, not his place. To which it was answered,
that there was a double error; 1. Because the place drowns
the person, be he honorable or base ; 2. In that any compli-
nient of honor, being once confeiTcd upon an otTice, (though
voluntarily,) cannot after be taken away without contempt and
injury. The country, taking notice of this, offered to send in
♦99_- some from the neighboring towns to carry the hal!)erds
by course ; and upon that the town of Boston offered to
send some rneu, but not the Serjeants ; but the governour chose
rather to r/icxke use of two of his own servanis.-^

25.] Our English from Connecticttt, with their Indians, and
many of the Narugansetts, marched in the night to a fort of the
Pequods at Mistick, and, besetting the same about break of the
day, after two hours' fight they took it, (by firing it,) and slew
therein two (^hief sachems, and one hundred and fifty fighting
men, and about one hundred and fifty old men, women, and chil-
dren, with the loss of two Englisti, * whereof but one was'*- killed
by the enemy. Divers of the Indian friends were hurt by the
Ij English, Ij ^ "because they hod not some mork to distinguish
li Pequods ||

one of the ysscrtors of rrcsbytevian divine right, he says, speaking of this arbi-
trary order: "I sa-\v by this means we should receive no more members into our
church, but such as must profess themselves of a contrary judgment to what 1
believed to be a truth." lie designed to remove out of the jurisilictiou ^vith
Davenport, but was dissuaded.

Three tracts on tius subject, — A Defence, The Answer, and Replication,—
are found in Hutchinson's Coll. G 7-1 00.

^ By the extract troia the Records, in a former note on this subject, five pages
back, it will be seen, that it was no part of the provision, that those who carried
the halberds should be of the rank of Serjeants.

- ^lason says, two wt-re killed outright ; and thus our a\ithor corrects his tirst
rel.itiriu.

^ The governour had erased Eiujl'iflt, and written I'tqiunh; but tliat Is

]Go7.1 JOHN TvJXTBROP.

2G9

llieir! from the Pequods, as somn of them had.* Thp story is
more fully described in the next leaf.^

Presently npon this came news from the Naragansett, that
all the English, and two hundred of the Indians, were cut ofi" in
their retreat, for want of powder and victuals. Three days
after, this was confirmed by a post from Plimouth, with surli
probable circum.^lances, as it was generally believed. But,
three days after, Mr. Williams, having gone to the Naragansetts
to discover the truth, found them mourning, as being confident
of it ; but that night some came from the army, and assured
them all was well, and that all the Pequods were fled, and had
forsaken their forts. The general defeat of the Pequods at
Misticlv happened the day after ||our[| general fast.

INIo. 4. 3.] Two ships arrived here out of England, (l\Ir.
Peirce was one), Li thoin came the copy of ;i commission,
from the c.ommission<-rs for Nev/ England, to divers of the
magistrates here, to govern all the people in New England lili
further order, etc., upon this pretence, that there was no ^.^,^.
lavv-ful authority in || -force || here, either mediate or im- ""'^
mediate, from his majesty.

Upon the news from Mr. Williams, that the Peqtiods were
dispersed, and some come in aiid sitbmitted to the NcU-agansetts,
(who would not receive them || ^before he || had sent to know
our mind.) the governour and council thought it needless to
send so many men, arid therefore sent out |j '^warrants [| only
for one half of the t^vo hundred; but some of the people liked
not of it, tMid cirn.;^ t^ the go^e^lour to have nil ^.nt. He too]:
it ill ; iiud ihoagh three oi the ministers came with them io
debate the matter, he told them, that if any one, ^discerning J|
an error in the proceedings of the council, had come, in a private
lltheij li-fornili |ptlll theyjj jj*word|j ||5 discovering jj

maTiifestl)- an error, if the Mowing clause bo part of the report, which was
probably false.

* It TN-ill not be found, though the author intended to famish an account.
This storming of the Indian fort at Mi<t!ek, between New London and Nor^vicdi.
was an atTair reflecting u;uok credit on the commander, whose report, in t!)e
History- of the war, is very fndl, accurate, and animated ; but lie makes the lo-^s
f^f the enemy six or s^^roii hundred, "as same of thomsclve^^ confessed," and
'• only seven taken captive, and about seven escaped."

23*

270 .. JOHN TVrN'TITROP.

[1G37.

manner, fo acquaint |i him || thcrev/ith, etc., it had been well
done ; but to corne, so many of them, in a public and popular
way, wa.s not well, and would bring authority into contemi)t.
This they took well at hi? hands, and excused their intention?.
So it was thought fit to sciid about forty men more, which was
yielded rather to satisly the people, than for any need that
appeared.

Upon our governoiu's letter to Plimouth, oiu- friends there
agreed to send a pinnace, with forty men, to assist in the war
against the Pequods ; but they could not be ready to meet us
at the first.

15.] There was a day of thanksgiving kept in all the
chiirch^:-^ for the victory obtained against the Pequods, and for
other mercies.

About this time came home a small pinnace of thirty tons,
which had been forth eight months, and was given for lost.^
She went to the Bermuda, but by continual tempests was kept
from |i-thence,l| and forced to bear up for the West Indies,
and, being in great distress, arrived at Hispaniola, and not
daring to go into any inhabited place there, but to go ashore in
obscure places, and lived of turtles and I/o^-s, etc. Ac last they
were forced into a harbor, where lay a French man-of-war with
.99-- his prize, and had surely made prize of them also, but
that the providence of God so disposed, as the captain,
one jl ^petfrf.'e,jj liad lived at Pascataquack, and knew the
merchant of our bark, one Mr. Gibbons. Whereupon he used
them co!-;rioon -ly, ;;;:d, f«-r such cornrnoditi'^'s a.- rho carried,
jl "'freighted j; her \vi\h t:ilK-vv, liides, etc., and si;nt home with
her his prize, which he i-old for a smaU. price to be paid in New

Ijthomlj l]-lR'!irui| pPetCTforell piurnishod!]

1 llie marginal note is, '• CapL. Gib. and ^Ir. ITlll at W. Indies." When we
recollect lif)w minute Winthrop usually is in bis narrative of such disiisiers, wc
may judge how the tale of distress jrained by lVe([uent telling, till it gre'.>- up to
" the -vvondcrful story of IVIajor Gibbous" in the ^Vlagnalia, lib. VI. chap. i. ^ 3.
It T.ould ^virll diliicuhy be underst'Xid to ivut to the same event iu our text,
■were not the sutterer's name, and his relict by a Frentdi pirate, sufficient marts
of identity 1 1 tarn us f'tom ^luihi.-r's Tlia'mi.Uurgus back to the lii-i^t relariou,
probay)ly received from the adventurers' mouilis.

1037.] JOIIX Y.INTIIROP. . 271

Eiiijiand. He brought home an aligarto, whicli he gave the
govern our.

20.] Three ships arrived here from Ipswic-h, with three hun-
dred and sixty passengers.'^ Tlie hist being loath to come to an
anchor at Casile Island, thoni';h bailed by the Castle boat, and
required, etc., the gunner made a shot, intending to shoot before
her for a warning, but the powder in || the |! toneh-hole b*'ing
wet, and the ship having fresh way with wind and tide, the
shot took place in the shrouds and killed a passenger, an honest
man. The next day the govcrnour charged an inquest, and
sent them aboard with two of the magistrates (one of them
being deputed coroner) to take view of the dead body, and who,
upon hearing all the evidence, etc., found that lie came to his
death by the providence of God.

23.] The goveriiour went to Sisgus, and so to Salem aiid to
Ipswich, at all which places the men of the towns met him, and
guarded him frc in town to town, (though not desired nor ex-
pected by him.) to show their respect to their governour, and
also for his safety, in regard it was reported the Pequods were
come this way.- He retiu-ned again the 2Sth, being forced to
travel all the nii::ht by reason of the heat, which was so extreme,
as divers of those who were new come on shore, died in th^-ir
travel a few rnik^s.

2G.] There an-ived two ships from London, the Hector.
II her II

^ One of the shijis-vTa- the.Tohnanil Dc.X'ftiy. of->vh;c]i Wiliiam Anilrews ua>
niasfer. His son Wilhain was master of another, the Kosc of Yarmouth. Tlie
other -was, I suppose, the ^lary Ann, William Goose master. Account of IL'T of
the j)as<ongers, who desired to go, of whom one, with wife and six children, w^ss
forbidden ]>y the u-eless tyranny of the I'rivy Council, may be read in 4 Mas<.
Hist. Coll. I. 95-101. Mii-hael !Metcalt', a dornix weaver, with wife, nine chil-
dren, and a servant, came in one of the two former ships, lie was a treeman of
the city of Norwich, and says he had attcn>pted, in the former year, to escape
fixim the tiiraldom of Bp. Wren.

^ Fear of the enemy's enterprise may to jis seem unreasonable, considering
the ninncrous planUitions between Peqiiol anfl Salem; but the inhabitants were
few, except on the seaboard. Yet we may believe, that their appreliension lor
hi-* safety operated nuich le^.s tkm a desire to show re.->peet to the governour,
csj)eclally under the circumstances of slight fwm those kss sound in the faith.

? ^

72 JOHN WIXTHROP.

[1037.

♦oo(3 ^"d t)ic [bb.Jik]. In these came Mr. Davenport^ and
another- niiui^ter, and Mr. Eaton' and JMr. llon-

1 Of thii cululirated dinne, -who had been a priest in one of the parishes of
London, ample memorials ari; pn-sorved by all the writers on the eariv allai,-d
of our country. A senuon preached by him in 1620 is fjund at the Boston
Athenicmn. His conduct in concealing the re^cldes, Whallev and GotTo, 1 as
ever been eu'ii'Ized in part of Connecticut, and was ailmired by many, -^ho
d'-.red not iuiiiate it ii jMassachusetts. lie succeeded Wilson in the First
Church of Boston, being the fourth minister iu that pLicc, all -whose names were
John. But his coming from New Haven occasioned one of the most disagree-
able controversies with which the aftiiirs of the church have ever troubled our
country. The officers of the first churcli seem to have dealt too subtilely in the
rllair. and near all tlie great names of the clergv- — Higginsou, Cobbet, Whitin'^
Sh«;rman, Mather, Symmes, and others, including "Wilson, son of the former
paiitor, and Seaborn Cotton, son of tlie groat teacher of the same church — tcv.k
ground in opposition to Gov. Bellingham and the first church, and in favor of
the third church, now the Old South, formed by powerful seceders from the
first. Hutchinson, 270-275, has well explained the long protracted agony.
})e3cendants of J)avenport have often vindicated their claim to the enjoyment
of the talents of their progenitor.

- We learn from Trumbull, who cn-oneously marks the arrival in July, instead
of June, that this other minister was Samuel, brother of Gov. Eaton. That
author might have read in Math.-r, that Samuel Eaton, after returninir home,
died, 9 January, 1GG5, at Denton in Lancashire.

From the undue brevity- of this note, in my former edition, the late Professor
J. L. Kingsley, of Yale College, was misled in note H of the Appendix to his
admirable Historical Discourse, as he wrote me in iTay, IS-iS, on receiving- very
few wonLs of explanation. His death, on 31 August last, lett a void deeply
regretted by every student of American Historv- and pure letters.

^ No character in the Pimals of Ncv, EngLuid is or" purer ihiut than that of
Thcophiius Eatun, goveniour of the coio.iy of New llaveu from its settlement
to his death, by twenty annual elections. That his talents were adequate to the
station, might be confidently concluded from the fact of his prior service, sevend
years, as representative of Charles I. at the court of Denmark ; and the long
administration of an iniant state -without a rival, is irrefragable proof of his
prudence and virtue. All the original writers of our history are abundant in
his praise, and the later and more judicious inqnirei-s are satisfied with their
evidence. The error of Trumbull, L 99-100, and -231, in asserting that Eaton
was three years in the East Indies, and sometime deputy goveniour of tlic
company trading thither, arose probably from the appellation of East. Conn'ry,
used by .Mather, from rhe imiversal custom of England, at that time, tor the
regions bordering on Uie Baltic. It had been avoided by Eliot, Holmes, and
Allen ; but my respect for the vcnerabh! historiograi)her of Connecticut led nie
unhesitatingly to adopt his authority, till I saw the cause of his mistake in tlie

1637.] JOHN WTNTTdlOr. 97:3

kiii?,^ two merchants of London, meu of fair estnte and of
irreat esteem for religion, and wisdom in outward all'air^.

^^;\l:n■llia. On this {)il!j;riiiri character ami death, Hubbard, 3-2'J, 330, Is more
viihiable ciLid ininu'e th;m about any otlier. His death ^vas 7 January, l(J57-8.
1 Edward Hopkins was son-in-law of Gov. Eaton, and, altoniately with
Haynes, for many years governour of the colony of Connecticut, in which
illation Eliol erroneously iissorts he died. He went to Englaud, probabU', in
Hi.'>-2, whence he did not return; though, after the decease of Haynes, he was
again chosen governour, in 1054. The time of his death was March, 1G57,
a few monilis before his friend Eaton. He was then serving in Oliver's parlia-
ment, and also as a commissioner of the army and navy-. Hi? liberality to New
England was abundantly shown in his will, made 7 or 17 March, lOofi-7. Ex-
trnf^ts will interest the present age: — "For my estate in New England, (the
full account of which I left clear in book there, and the care and inspection
whereof was committed to my loving friend. Cajji. Jnhn CuUick,) I do in this
manner dispose : Item, I do give and beqiieatii unto the eldest cliil;! of !\Irs.
Mary Newton, wife to Mr. lloger Newton, [first minister] of Farmingtou, and
daughter of Mr. Thomas Hooker, deceased, the sum of £30 ; as also the sum
of £30 unto the eldest child of Mr. John CuUick by Elizabeth his present wife,
[who was daughter of Col. Fenmck]. Item, I do give and bequeath to ]Mrs.
Sarah "Wilson, the wife of 'Mr. John Wilson, preacher of the gospel, and daughter
of my dear pastor, Mr. Hooker, my farm at Farmingtou, with all the houses,
outhouses, buildings, lands, etc., belonpng thereunto, to the use of her and
the hfirs of her body forever. I do also give unto ISIrs. Susan Hooker, the
relict of Mr. Thomas Hooker, all such debts as are due to me from her, upon the
iiccount I left in New England. And the residue of my estate tlicre I do hereby
give and befjueath to my father, Theophilus Eaton, Esq., Mr. Johji Davenport,
Mr. John Cullick, and IVli-. William Goodwin, in full assurance of their trust
and faithfulness in disposing of it according to the true intent and pur])Ose of
me the said Edwanl Hopkins, which is. to '.i\c -oni" (>ncouragciMO:ir, in those
foreign plantations for the bricling up of hop.vful youths, both at the grammar
i'chool and college, for the public service of the country in future times. For
the estiite the Lord hath given me in M(> England, I thus dispose, and my v.ish
i:-', that £150 per annum be yearly pai(] per my executor to Mr. David Yale,
brother to my dear distressed wite, for her comfoi-table maintenan-e. and to be
disposed of per him for her good, she not being in a condition fit to mannge It
herself; and I do heartily entreat him to be careful and tender over her; and
luy will Is, th.'t this be paid (juarterly by £37.10 each quarter, and to continue
to the end of the ([uarter aft -r the death of my said wife, and that my e.vecuior
t'lve good security tor a punctual perfonnance hereof. My will also Is, tliat the
i.'iO given me per the will and testament of my brother Henry Hopkins, lately
d< cta:<eil, be given to our si-ter Mrs. Judith [unknown,] during her natui-al
l;''e, ami that it be uuide iqj Al.V) per annun\ during her lite. J d'l ;,'ive to my
fister ilrs. Margaret Thomson the sum of i:5'), to be paLl l-.er nilliia one year

374 JOHN' WINTJIROP. n^3-

'229 ^'' ^^''' ^^^'^^'<"^<^r f-anie a!<o the Lord Ley, ?on and heir of
the Eail of Iviarlborough, being about nineteen years of

after my decease. 1 do give unto my nephew Henry Thomson £800, whereof
i'-iOOtobe paul within sixteen montlis after my decease, and the other £100
within sclxmM!,; lis affer the decease of my wife.' I do likewise give and^ be-
qupath to my niece Kathorine Tiiom>on, but now Katherine James, (over and
filK.ve the portion of £500 formerly given her,) £lOO. I do also give and
be<]neath unff my niccrs Elizabeth and Patience Dalley, nnto each of them,
:*:20H, provido'l they attend the direction of their brothei- or aunts, or such as
are capable to give them advice in the dispose of themselves in marriage. I
give unto my brotlicr Mr. David Yale £200 ; to my brother :Mr. TiiomaiT Yale
£200, and to my -i.ter Mrs. Hannah Eaton £200. [This was that maiden
doiighter of Cov. Eaton, who went home with her mother, after his death, mar-
ried, at London, William Jones, and came again to Xew Haven in 1660.] My
farther mind and will is, that, within six months af^er the decease of my wile,
£500bem-^deov.:r in ^i Now England, according to the advice of my'bnng
friends Major Koberc Tliomson and ]sh. Francis WiJlougliby, and conveyed
itito the hands of the trustees before-mentioned, in farther prosecution of "the
atbrosaid public ends, wlu'ch, in the si>nplicity of my heart, are for the uphold-
ing and pi-omoting the kingdom of the Lord Jesus Christ in those parts of the
earth. I do farther give unto my beloved ^ife a bed, with all furniture belong-
ing unto it, for herself to lie on, and another for the servant maid that wai'ts
on her, and £ 20 iu plate for her present use, besides one third part of all my
household goods. 1 give unto Mr. John Davenport, Mr. Theophllus Eaton, Mr.
Cullick, each of them, £20, to be made over to them into New England where
they are ; and my will and pleasure is, that £20 be put into a piece of plate, and
presented in my nam- to my honored friend Dr. Wright, to whom I owe more
than that, being much engaged, desiring him to accept it only as a testimony of
my respects. I do gl\e mitomy servant James Porter £ 10 ; unto my maid Marga-
n.-t £5 ; unto my maid Mary £2. I do give unto my honored and"lo%-ing friends
M;nor P,,!:.r; '! ' . v.^.: and r^Lr. rr,,n--I-^ U'iUoughby £lii) -., jl, ,;e, In a piece of
plate, as a tokt-n of n:y ics pects unto them ; and I do give unto my servant Thom-
as Haytor £20. I do give unto my sister Yale, tlie wife of .Mr. David Yale. ^20;
a? also to John T.olloi-, a youth now with my sister Eve, £20, to farther him out to
be an apprentice to M.nie g.x)d trade, ;.,nd £20 more at the time of his coming
to his own liberty, to encourage him to set up his trade, if ho continue living so
long. I do givr nnio my nephew Henry Dallcy, master of arts in Cambridge,
uiy land ^ ii, the county of Essex ; and, for the payment of all debts, dues

and legacies, do give unto him all my personal estate, and, by these presents
renouncing and making void all other wills and testaments, do declare, consti-
tute, and make him niy sole executor, and my good friends Major Robert Thom-
son and :\lr. Francis ^^'!llo^ghby overseers, of this my 1,'iit will and testani'-nf.
Signed, sealed, decl.nvd, and publi<1ud by the said Edward TToj.kiiis, E~-.(.. at
h=s ho;;.->.. at L'.ndon, on the Kth das of March in the year of our Lord li;57
to be his last will ttnd testament."

1G37.] JOHN mxTiirvor. 275

agf, who came only to see the countTy. He was of very ,.-,00
bobor cainage, and showed much wisdom and moderation
in his lowly and familiar carriage, especially in the ship, where
he was much disrespected and unworthily used by the master,
one Feme, and some of the passengers ; yet he bare it meekly

Mention of the distress of Lis wife, named Ann, daughter of the widow Ann
Yale, who had married Gov. Eaton, whicli was Ly loss of her rea>on. Tvill occur
in our second volume. She died 17 December, 169S. Trumbull, L 233, says,
Hopkins's estate, '-given in Xew England, was estimated at about £1000 ster-
ling, and was appropriated to the support of the grammar si-hools in New Ha-
ven, Ilurtford, and Iladley. The money originally belonged to New Haven
and Hartford ; but as a considerable number of the people of Hartford after-
wards Tvnioved to Hadley, and were principal settlers of that town, they
received their proportion of the donation."

Tri six uv>nths aftt;r the v.ifc's decease, whirdi -svas above fort}- years later than
the testator's, the £500 out of tlie English property should have been paid.
But th3 e:^ecutof and residuarj- dc^■isee being dead, process in chancery was
nece^sivry against hii executor. Under a fiu;d decree by Sir Simon Harcourt,
lord k^•c■per, Har>'ard Cfillt-ge has enjoyed, jointly with the grammar school in
Cambridgu, since 1714, a fund, of which Gov. Dudley and other principal per-
sons, civil and ecclesiastical, to the number of twenty-one, were made first trus-
tees. As tl e direction from the chancery was to invest the same in lands, a
purchase was made, under authority of an act of the province, from the Na-
tick Indians, being about thirteen thousand acres, comprising, with an additional
grant from the province, the llourishirig tovra of Hopkinton in Middlesex
county, — having its name from this liberal benefactor of New England, — and
part of the town of Upton in the county of "Worcester. The rent charge of
these lands, for many years secured by the commonwealth, amounted to S22-2,22
annually, until March, 1823, and from thence forward, forever, S6C6,67 annu-
ally, being ai tho rare of .':>. j^ tiny -tci'linLT i)cr arre fv th"^ fiv-t ninety-nine
years of the I.iases, and three pcnt:e sterling afterwai.'s. Eorevev lasted but a
short time, for the onhanctd rents could not V^e obtained from the tenants; and
by composition with the commonwealth, they were acqijittcd on receipt from th^i
public treasury, af\er long disputation, for less than half their legal value, by
the trustees. Being one of the trustees, the editor knows the faithful and ju<li-
cious emplo\-ment of this charity. The fund, which, notwithitandiug the evils
of paper money, and occasional injurious denial of rent by some of the tenants,
has been increased, now exceeds the sum of thirty thousand dollars. See
Quinoy's Hist, of Har. Coll. I. 205.

Several letters of Gov. Hopkins to J. Winthrop, jun., were preserved, in '■ol.
XIX. of TrambuU !MSS. before the Court street fire, and there is one to our
author, 21 June, 1048, printed in Hutchinson's Collection, 225, showing a dispo-
sition 10 ivturn to England, conln.lkd by atlccti^-n towards his adnpU-d ccunlry.
It is written with more perspicuity than i.s usualiv found in papers of that ago.

i''/iv,' /;(;<»»•.

276 JOlIX mNTIIROP. [1637.

and ?il-iitly, AYhcn he came on shore the governour wns from
home, v.ud he look iip hir^ lodghig at the common inn. When
the governour returned, he presently cume to his house. The
goveniour oirered him lodging, etc., but he refused, saying, that
he came not to be troublesome to any, and the house where he
«.^oi was, was so well governed, ihat he could be as private
ihere as I'lscwhcre.

AVe had news of a commission granted in England to divers
gentlemen here for Ihe governing of New England, ei.c. ; but
instead thereof we received a commission from Sir Ferdinando
Gorges to govern his province of Nc\\- So.nersetshire. which is
from Cajie Elizabeth to Sagadahoc, and withal to oversee his
servants and private || atlairs : || which was observed as a matter
of no good discretion, but passed in silence. We excused our
not inifriii^'ddliiig, etc., because, being directed to six or five of
them, and one of their names being mistaken, and another re-
moved TO Connecticut, there were but four in the country; as
also for tliitt it did not apj)e;ir to us what authority he liad to
grant such a commission. As for the commission from the
king, we received only a eopy of it, but the commission itself
staid at the seal for want of paying the fees.-^

Mo. 5.] The party, who procured the conmiission, one
George |j -Cleves, [] - brotight also a protection under tlie ])rivy
.signet for searching out the great lake of Iracoyce, and for the
li ( .Ulcere ;i ll - Chever II

1 At the St.'ite Papor Otii.v- i-r T.orrina. J .-:nir, c\'-y<n years ^iiice. a k-tter oi'
Gorges, JM v.!i!''h he ?ai'!, ]■; v,.-.., to t.-: ii:,;do (.iovornour Coneral or' the Now
England Colonies. It bore date, I think, of 1637.

- Clevt-s ^\.\s a person of some 'importaaoe, as, in the second Tohinio of this
History, will appear. He was a;_'ent or governour under Alexander Jllgby, a
member of parliament; and in Hazard, I. 570, is a letter from Eihvard iiigby,
son of AUwandcr, to the inhabitants of Laconia, 19 July, 1652, taking notice of
Cleves bein.r in l]i. gland, and expressing a dp,iigu to send him back. I sl^ould
coiLsider it as an a]iprubation, though Sullivan, History of Miiiue, 31.'>, says,
Cleves " v>as an crpiivocal character, and acted wiih great duphcity. He ;'l>-
taiued a letter of agency from Sir Ferdinando Gorges, acted as deputy govern-
our to botli, and sohl lands un h r the title of each, as appears frou\ the registry
of di}Lfi5, \vliii.li ho executed." On liis next page he roin.irks ou Cleves's ua-
faithfulness to thi> son, atler t!ic death cf the father. 1 know not \vb>.thcr
Cleves lived in Maine afterwards.

lti:;7.] JOnx AViXTlIROP. 277

sole Trade of be.'.Vv'r. g.nd the planting of howj^ Island, by
§ articles of§ agrrrnicnt betwi-cn ihe Earl of Sterling, Vis<x)uiifc
Canada, and him. Thus this and o.her gentlemen in England
ger large circaiit.- of lands, cic., in this country, and are very
ready to grant them out to such us will become their tenants,
;ind, to encouriige theni, do pror.iue commissions, protections,
tic, which cost ihem nothing, but will be at no charge in any
righ^ way of jil.ntafion, \vh cli shvtuld be by coming them-
selves, or sending some of their children, etc.; but now, as
they adventure Jitilc, so iliey are sure to lose nothing but their
vain hope.^

Cnpt. Stoughron aiid his coujpany, having ])ursued the Pe-
nuoU beyond Connecticut, and ndssing of them, returned .,-,0^^
to Vequot River, wliere they were advertised, that one
henrired of th^^m \\;m-c newdy eomo back to a {)Iace some twelve
nudes oil". So tlK'v mf.rched thither by night, and surprised them
all. They put 1(i df^ath twenty-two luen, a)u1 reserved two
sachems, hoping Uy them to get Sasacus, (wdiich they prom-
ised). All the rest vrere women and children, of whom they
gave the Naraganseits thirty, and our Massachusetts Indians
tiMve, and the rest they sent hithi-r.

A pinnace, returning, took a canoe vdth four Indians ne;u^
Block Island. We. sent to ?^Iiantannomo]i to know what they
were, and after we disidjargctl ;-J] save one, who wys a Peqaod,
whom we gave Mr. Catting to cairy into Eiigland.
[Large blank.]
7'he difflTences gr.'W s;- > uu]; i.vre, as Icjuled i.^A to a
separation ; so as yic. Vane, being, among other.-=, invited by
the governour to accompany the Lord Ley ;it dinner, *not
C'lily * refused to corbie, (alleging by letter that his conscience
^vithheld him,) * bur also, at liie same hour, he went over to
Xoitle's Island I0 dine with Mr. Maverick, and carried the Lord
licy with him.'-

' I'his opinion of WinUirop has, in all suffoeding time?, been confinne<!.
'•"•iiinr not more foiindcd oq rcn^^on, than verifiod by e.xperiiiico.

I Ikuc iKidr.iilit, titji evory rcador v. ill be plf.nsed nidi thf prf-^orvation ot
''i|j ant.\-(loti', tlio':;:li cni>LJ by the goveruoa; ; for it .-Li'-ii^rthcub hi.^ rciuArk
vory ijitK'h.

VOL. I. 24

278 JOIIN IVLNTITPvOr. [1637.

6.] There were sent to Boston forty-eiirlit women and chil-
dren. There were eighty taken, as before is expressed. Thes<>
were dl^pused of to particular persons in the country. Some
of them ran away and were brought again by the Indians our
neighbors, and those |i we jj branded on the shoulder.

12.] Ayanemo, the sachem of Niantick, came to Boston
with seventeen men. He made divers propositions, which we
promised to give answer unto the next day; and then, under-
standing he had received many of the Pequods, submitting to
hun since the former defeat, we first demanded the delivery of
them, which he sticking at, we refused further conference with
him; but the next morning, he came and oflered what we
desired. So the govrrnour referred him to treat with our cap-
tains at tlie Pequod, and wrote instructions to them how to
deal with him, and received his present often fathom, of wam-
pom. He was lovingly dismissed, with some small things
given him.

Hero came over a brother^ of Mrs. Hutchinson, and some
otlier of Mr. WheelwTight's friends, whom, the governour
thought not fit to allow, as others, to sit down among us, with-
tnoo out some trial of them. Therefore, to save others fron.i
the danger of the law in receiving of them, he allowed
them for four months. This was taken very ill by tiiose of the
other j)arty, and many hot speeches given fortli about it, ^nd
about their removal, etc.

13.] Mr. Stoughton, with about eighty of the English,
whereof Mr. Ludlow, Capt. Ma:?oi;, ajid [blank.] of Connecti-
cut, wcje }>art, saih'd to the west in j)ursuit of Sasacu.;, etc. At
Quinoi)iack, they killed six, and took two. At a head of land
a little sh'6rt they beheaded two sachems; whereupon they
called fhe })lace Sachem's Head. About this time they ha'l
given a Pequod his life to go find out Sasacus. He went, and
found him not far ofi"; but Sasacus, suspectii5g him, intended
to kill him, which the fellow perceiving, esca])ed in the night.
and came to the English. Whereupon Sasacus and ?*Iono-
notto, thrir two chief sachems, and some twenty more, lied to
|mciiij

^ What ?}iip be came in, who he was, or wheiL- Ikj livfd, nvv all unknown.

1G;1'7.] ' ""' JOHN v>L\^Tmiop. 070

ihv. Mohawhs. But oighty of their stoutest men, anrl two huiidrtvl
otiii.Ts, wonifi; aiui childn •), were at a j>Incv witliiu tw-ntv or
thirty inilcs ofihc; Dutch, w!rt1ier our men in;u-ehed, and, L.'inr
-aided by a J);aiie l^ovideuce, carae upon them, where Ui-y
h:\d twenty v.i-waia^, hard by a ioost hideou.-^ swarnp, so thlek
wirl) bushes jiud so quagmiry, us men couki hardly crowd inio
it. Into this swrtTjip they were all gotten. Lieut. Daveniu.rt
and two or ihree more, tliii! entered the swamp, were d-n-er-
ously wounfh.d by ihe Indian arrows, and with mueh diflienliy
were letched oiu. Tlien our uien surrounded the swamp, beinrr
a mile about, and shot at the iridian^, and tliey at them, froro
three of the eloelc in the a!\e;tujon till they d^-sired parley, and
oilered to yiekt, and life was oifcred to all that had not shed
English blood. So they began to come forth, now some and
t'.en some, til! :;br,n*, two burtdred women ^:nd children were
come out, and amongst t'leu) the sachem of that phice, and
thus they krpt us iwo hou -s, till night was come on, and then
the m.cn toid us they would Uglir, it out ; and so they did all the
night, coming up behind the bushes very near our men, and
shot ]uany •.=rr..vrs into their l.ais, sleeves, and |j stocks,!! yet
(u-hich was a very miracle) iu;t one of ours wounded. When
it was. near morning, it grew very dark, so as such of them as
v.-ere left crejjt out at one place and escaped, being (as was
judged) not above twenty at most, and those like to be wounded ;
for in the puisuit they foand some of them dead of their wounds.^
Here our uu-n gat some booty of kettles, trays, wampom, ^.^.^,
etc., and the women and children were divided, and sent
some t(.. C.nnectkn!, ai:.' .n-u ir. the ^:a^^;M•hnsetts. Tiie
sachem of the ])lace, having yielded, had his life, and his wif(^
and children, etc. The women, which were brought hone,
reported that v.-.> had slain in all thirteen sachems, and that
there were tliirieen more left. We had noxv slain and takti,
in all, al.out seven hundred. We sent fifteen of the boys :uid
two women to Ik-ruutda, by Mr. Peirce ; but he, missing it.
carried them to Providence Jsle.^

Ilsto.kiri'^'sjl

^ For a lari:<'r arcunnt of this sv.;.ii!j. fi;^rl,t, see Mast^iiV Ibstory.

^ We cannot fail, I tliiuk, to laniont this ensLivlng of tli.-. j;; isuncrb-, Iv." £ \h' ii

. 580 JO] IN ^VINTimOP. r]Q37^

Mo. 6.] :\1;-. Sionghtoti iMiUcd, with some of his cofnpuny,
fro.a P'-uMoo Tw h^lock IrJatid. They can.o thither in the iv.ght,
yet were -jr cov.-red, and our men having jcilled one or two of
them, an:! burnt some of tlieir vagwams, etc., they came to
p'jrley, op..!, .-li'miit.ting iJiemselvers to become tributaries in one
hundred fjrl.om w-ampornpeague, and to dtiivcr any that should
br, found Tl^ Iimvc any hand in Mr. OIdh:uu\< death, they were
all rectnved, irid no more imr-n done them.

''•] ^' <>-"• general court, one Greensmitli, being censured
tor saying rhiu all the elders., etc., except two, did preach a
covcnan- of wr)rks, etc., he did appeal to the king; but the
ounrt, noiwJihsLunding, con.miLted l)im till, etc.

Tiie Lord Ley, being told that one.Ewre had spoken treason
against rlie king, sent for the j)arLy, one Brooks, and inquiring
of him., }<- ^,:d Idm thc't, I'.wre had said, about twelve months
bcj'ore, thai, if Tjie king did sejid any authority hither against
our patenr, hf- would be the first shoidd resist him. " This
fv:mng v.- lii- governoar's Lnowl^dge, he sent for the parties,
<tud bowrd them over to the general court. When they came
there, Bm.'vs brought his wife to witness with hinr ; bat her
lesflmoiu' :)i •■ 'ru not with hi^ ; vdso three others (whom he had
fold it uiiio) voporjed it oiherwise. So at length they all agreed,
aiid set it uoder their hands, that Evvre said, that, if there came
any .mthor'.ry out of England contrary to the patent, he would
wiihstand it. I\ow, becaese here vras no mention of the king
and because he never informed any of the magistrates of it
and Ibr 1hat it was evident t!)ar Jie bare mnhee Ijtol! the said
Y' '■"' ■'' ■ ■' ^' ' ■ ^ M^i: e io t:;" '■_ a:,y other o:' ilw j.-anies inform-
ing, (the r;.i her because themseives did urge it, and she ,,^0.-
refused long.-r I0 speak at all, except she might be put to
her onth,) i-or any oflencv which deserved punishment, seeing
it IS lawfid ;o resist any aufliority, which was to overthrow the
lav\fui auiiioiliy of the king's jj'^ grant ;|| and so the governour

'1'^ f Intent II

r)>

a fuiei;/n couTifiy, JioMevcr it mi,irlit be oxrused by a prctf^ndcd necessity. Tn
tJiat day it ^>■r..; [ivtaMy jusfified t,y rcf;TCiice totho practice or iustitntion oftla'
Jews. Yet lii.u ci\.ci i)f'0{)lc never scut prisoners ?o far.

1637.] JOHN WINTHROP. QQl

did oprrily declare, in the court, as justifiable by the laws of
England.-^

3.j The Liord Ley and Mr. Vane went from Boston to the
ship, riding at Long Island, to go for England. At their
departure, those of Mr. Vane's party were gathered together,
and did accompany him to the boat, (and many to the ship;)
and the men, being in their amis, gave him divers voUies of
shot, and live pieces of ordnance, and he had five more at
the castle. But the governour was not come from the court,
but had left order with the captain for their honorable
dismission.

There was an old woman in Ipswich, who came out of
England blind and deaf, yet her son could make her understand
any thing, and know any man's name, by her sense of feeling.
He would write ujjon her hand some letters of the name, and by
other such motions would inform her. This the governour
himself had |! trial oi|l when he was at Ipswich.

o.] Mr. Hooker and i\Ir. Stone came, with Mr. Wilson, from
Connecticut by Providence; and, the same day, Mr. Ludlow,
Mr. Pincheon, and about twelve more, came the ordinary way
by land, and ])rought with th.'?m a part of the skin and lock of
hair of Sasacus and his brother, and five other Pequod sachems,
who, being tied to the Mohawks for sjielter, with their waui{)om,
being to the value of |i -'fivr hundred pounds,j| - were by th^ni
surprised and slain, with twenty of their best men. Mononot-
toh was also taken, but escaped wounded. They brought news
also of divers other Pequods, which liad been slain by other
Indians, and their heads brought to the English; so th;. i now
there had been slain and taken between eight and nine hundred.
Whereupon letters were sent to Mr. Stoughton and the rest, to
call them all home.'

A woman of Boston congregation, having been in much tr).->f-
trouble of mind about her spiritual estate, at length grew
li tried ofcpn 11 |p£500i|

^ Hero is perhaps to be iiiiflcrstood an indirect censure of Lonl Ley for hid
intori'erfnce, and a direct maint'-naiiceof the frocdom of speech on 5wA a topick.

" A\"ci;.dit, not money, appears to ine the moaning.

" A despatch, fj-oin Sloughtou on service, will be found in the Apjicndjx,
letter D.

24*

2S2 JOHN WINTRROP. ^(337

inio [InUrrll riosperntion, and conld not endure to hear of any
comfort, etc., po as one day she took her little infant and threw
it into a well, and then eame into the house and said, now she
was sure she should be damned, for she had drowned her child-
but some, stepping presently forth, saved the child.^ See more
ftfter.

JSlr. ITo(»ker and the rest of the elders, meeting divers davs,
they agreed (with consent of the magistxates) upon a day'of
humiliation to be Ir.pi in all the churches the 24th of this
month ; the day for the conference to be the oOth day. At their
private meetings son)e reconciliation was made between Mr.
Cotton and Mr. Wheelwright and IMr. Wilson, he professing,
than by his speech in the court, he did not intend the doctrine
of JNIr. Cotton or Mr. Wheelwright delivered in the public con-
gregation, Imt some opinions, (Pnamingll three or four,) Avhich
were privately carried in Boston and other i^arts of the country;
and aeeoidingly Mr. Col! on declared so much in the congrega-
tion the Lord's day follow ing. And for the rest of his speech,
it was agreed by all tlie elders to be inoffensive, considering his
call thereto by the court. This sudden change was much ob-
served by some, who were pnvy that Mr. Wil.s^on had professed
as much before, both jwivately to the elders, and publicly in the
congregaiion, and that the said opinions had been delivered to
the elders of Boston in vn-iting as those which Mr. Wilson
intended.

17.] Mr. Davenport preached at Boston (it being the lecture
day) out of that in 1 Cor., Texho;^ you brethivn, etc., tli.,t there
be no division among yon, c(e. ; wherein, as he luiiy set forth
the nature arid danger of || divisions, and the disorders]! which
were among us, etc., so he clearly discovered his judgment
against the new opinions and bitter practices which were sprung
up liere.

libitterll ||-mcaning|i |i •disorders and the dlvi.-IonsH

1 In tl.c nuir-in is -vritton, " Ilotfs Avife distractcMl." A similar instance of
her inscmity, in attenipiin- to <h'<tvoY another of her children, ii tbund in ilui
History live years later, in \o] II. <\:,. Sec aI<o II. 12.0, i'or result.

"Xothin- is more reinsliln- in the violence of these contests, which ^-rcw
more violent as the matter of contest ^s:^s uiiiiUeihViuJc to the uuui} , and Uic

1(337.] JOHN vnxTHRor. ' osii

Mr. Cotton, expounding,' th-it in 2 Chron. [blank] of
the defection of ilie ton Tribes troni Rehoboam, and his
preparation.-^ to r'-eover tbetn by war, and the prophet's prohibi-
tion, etc., proved frotn that in Nuuibers, 27. 21, tliat the ru\ii-< of
the people shonld consult witii tlie mini.-ter3 of the churches
iipon occasion of any war to ])e undertaken, and any other
weighty busincs:?, though' the case should seem never so clear,
as David h; the c.-se of Zipjlng, and the Israelites in the case of
Gibeah. Judges, etc.

26.] The captain and soldiers returned all from Peqnod,
having lost but ona man, and he died of a flux, and another
fell sick of an ohl infirmity, an asthma. Tlie Indians about
sent in still manv Pequods' heads and hands from Long I.-iand
and other places, and [blank] sachems of Long Island came
vohmt;,rily, nnJ brooghl a tri'viite to us of Uventy fathom of
wampom, each of them : and Miantunnomoh ser.t here some
Pequod squav.'s, wiiich had rua from us.

31.] The Naragunsetts sent us the )| hands jj of three Pe-
quods, — one the chief of those who murdered Capt. Stone. '
[Very hvj;L- blank.]

Twenty men v. ent in a piiuiace to kill sea horse at the Isle
of Sable, and after six wec^ks reimned home, aild could not fmd
the island; but, after another month, viz., about the [blank] of.
September, they set forth again with more skilful seamen, with
intent to stay there all wintt>r.

Mr. Eaton, and some otliers of Mj. Daven})ort's company,
went to vicv^^ Q-;;a-;;lack, with infei^t to br;.."i- a plantation
there. • They JiuJ many oilers here and at Pli mouth, and they
had viewed many places, bwi none could content.
[La r^-i.. blank.]

Some of the magistrates and ministers of Connecticut being
iiere, there was a day of niceting appcrinled to agi-ee upon
some articles of confederation, and notice was given to Plim-
II heads II

di\ci>:ty of opinions lU't ^ory strlkir.'^' to (be few, tlian tlio same cliurcli vvUun-
His;, fur tbeir Clivi-t.au insfrurtors, (lie lioa'ls of the opj.o-il." jiartic--, Cr)ttnn and
■^^'ll.■^on. The Id- I prov-es, .«;tronge'- than any argument, tbo. pru'l-jnce of the
p.'istnr and the teuipi;!- of the tuiohor.

2.S-i JOHN WINTHROP. [1637.

oiith, that they rni<'ui join in it, (but their warning was so short
as they could not come). This was concluded after. See
(3.) 1643.

[Very large blank.]

30.] The synod, called the assembly, began at Newtown.
There were all the teaching elders through the country, and
some jl new |1 come out of England, not yet> called to any place
here, as Mr. Davenport, etc.

The assembly began with prayer, made by Mr. Shepherd, the
pastor of Newtown. Then the erroneous opinions, which were
^poj spread in the country, were read, (being eighty^ in all;)
next the unwholesome expressions;- then the scriptures
abu-ed. Then tbey chose two moderators for the next day,
viz., Mr. Buckly and Mi". Hooker, and these were continued in
that place al! the time of the assembly. There were about
eighty opinions, some blasphemous, others erroneous, and all
unsafe, condemned by the whole assembly ; whereto near all
the ciders, and others sent by the churches, subscribed their
names; but some few liked not subscription, though they con-
sented to the condemning of them.
(I were i!

^ If any in our times have siieh insatiable curiosity, as to desire more particu-
lar infoninUon of the incomprehensible jargou contained in these errors, the
exact laiuioratioa of -sYhiuli was eighty-two, imputed to the followers of Cotton
and supporters of "Wlieolwright, with the antinomian explanations of Mrs.
Hutchinson, that she denied, {h"> whole, i? wr'ttf-n in " A eli.irt *^tory of the
P.i.v3, Iveigii, aii'.i ll'iiu ;.." An, ::.wii!'an«f, FiuJi!li_,i.-, ami IaLiTli]iL-.N tlrit infected
the Churches of New England," by Thomas "Welde, v,'ho was one of the chief
inquisitors. The edition, London, 16-1-i, published by the author, is in the Bos-
ton Athenrcum ; a second edition, London, 1692, in PLirvard College Library-.
The work has not, I presume, been ofiien quoteil within a ceuttiry. It was
reh'ed upon in the famous " Testimony of the Pastors of the Churches in the
Province of ^Ln.-^^achusetts Bay at the AnnurJ Convention in Boston, 2') ^lay,
1743," protesting against the spreading of many antinomian and familistical
errors, occasioned by the itinerant labors of Whitefield, Tenucnt, and their dis-
ciples, by which, for some years, was produced the greatest religious excItL-meiit
ever known in New England. It wa3 happy that the governuicnl did not em-
ploy the same means of conveivion as in 1037.

- They amf>uutcd to nine, in vtaling -which, M'ith their confulation, three pages
of Weldc's book is occupied.

1G37.1 ' .TOILN WIXTIIROP.

2S.J

Some of Ilia cbarcli of Bor^ton, and some others, were ofVfod-
t il ;it the producing of so tnriny errors, as if it were a reproach
liii 1 upon the country without cause; and called to have the
persons named, which held those errors. To which it was
iinswered and affirmed by many, both elders and others, that
all those opinions could be proved, by sutTicient testimony,
to be held by some in the country; but it was not thouirht fit
to name the §[)ariies, because this assembly had not to do v,-iih§
persons, but doctrines only. Yet this would not satisfy some,
but they oft called for witnesses ; and, because some of the
magistrates d(x-]ared to them, (when they refused to forbear
speech unseasonably, though the moderators desired them,)
that, if they would not forbear, it would prove § a civil § dis-
turbance, and th<'n the magistrate must interpose, they obje-eted
against thi<, a-= if the magistrate h;id nothing to do in this as-
sembly. So as lie was forced ro tell one of them, that, if he
would not forbear, but make trial of it, he might see it execu-
ted. Upon this stmre of Boston departed from the assem- ».).-„^
b!y, and came no more.^

After the errors condemned, there were five points in ques-
tion, between Mr. Cotton and Mr. Wheelwright on the one
part, and the r^-st of the elders on the other part, * which were
after reduced to three,* and those after put into such evpres-
sions as Mr. Cotton and they agreed, but Mr. Wheelwright
did not: —

1. The first was about our union with Christ. The question
Vv^as. whether we were united fv-f-jvo v.-e had jK-fi^-e ^nith. The
cojwenr wa.s, that there was :ii> iiu'.rriage union witii Christ be-
fore actual faith, which is laore than habitual.

^ ^ Perhnps it may seem reasonable, U< douht tlie usofulm-ss of suoh a doclam-
tlcjii of errors, that niiglit not, at least nuuiy of them, have eiitcrtd into the
hiads of the specu!ati:>ts, unless they had been thus branded. Eut, " 'tis glori-
ous sjMjrt, to see tlie engineer hoist with his o'.\n petard."

Jn his ' Way of Congregational Chnnh.s,' p. c;^, Cotton, answering many gross
charges of liailey's Dissuasive, as to his coiKurrenee in >[is. IIi!t(hin>on\ er-
ror,., says -with niiieh force: " Siirh as endeavored the healing of tliese disteni-
I'-i- did s(-ein to nie to be transported with more jealousies, and heats, aibl
r>'':-o\y--;us ot' spirit t'lan would we!! stand with brotherly !o-.e, or fie.' rule of
I-'''' gospel."' Ten years after the" agli.nious l!!s was hi< opinion; an i it may
safely be tixken for the judgment of ail sueeeetling time.

286 JOIIX WlNTHROr.

[1637.

2. The second was, about evidencing justification § by sauc-
tification.^ The consent was, that some saving sanctiiications
(as faith, etc.) were coexistent, concurreiit, and coapparent (or
at least might be) with the witness of the Spirit always.

3. That the new creature is not the person of a believer,
but a body of saving graces in such a one ; and that Christ, as
a head, doth enliven or quicken, preserve and act the same, but
Christ himself is no part of this new creature.

4. That though, in elfectual calling, (in which the answer of
the soul is by active l\iith, wrought at the same instant by the
S]>irit,) justitlcation and sanclitication be all together in tiiern;
yet God doth not justify a man, before he be effectually called,
and so a believer.

5. That Christ and his benefits may be olTered and exliibited
to a man under a covenant of works, but not in or by a cove-
nant of works.^

In the first handling of these questions, cither party delivered
their arguments in writing, w rich were read in the assembly,
and, after, the ansv.-ers to them, wliich spent much time with-
out any etiect ; but after they came to open dispute, the ques-
tions were soon determined ; for so they came to understand
each other fietter.

IMo. 7.] The List day of the assembly other questions were
debated and resolved : —

*240 ^' '■^'''^^' Though women might meet (some few togeth-
er) to pray and |j edify || one another; yet such a set as-
sembly, (as w;is then in practice at Boston.) where sixty or
more did luvcr (-w'.y v.-C'.i:, ;,..vt one womciii (in a prophetical
way, by resolving questions of doctrine, and expounding scrip-
ture) took upon her the whole exercise, was agreed to be disor-
derly, and witiior.t rule."^

II advise II

^ We must regret, rallitr than wondi-r. tliat consent in the faitli, after u f\no<\
on hiyh points of dixtrlue, not deduced simply, perhaps not, dedueible, iVoiu the
scripture.s, is generally obtained »l)y expressing the propositions in laiigu:iL'i-,
either unin(.elli;_Mble or designedly au.'iiguous. The peace of the church i^
restored by darkru-ss.

" \ jiropht'irai ?'•'(// h.is bi en oficii iollowed, at meetings of \vonien in V>''^-
ton, and is, I think, in our .liiys, witliout. censure. The conduct of the feni.de

lGo7.1 \ JOIIX WllN'TIIKOr. 2S7

2. Tliouojli a private iiipmbcr might ask a question publicly,
after ?enaon, lor inforruution ; yet tiii:^ oiiglit to be very widely
and spariiiLrly done, and that wilh leave of the elders: but
questions of |i reference, jj (rhen in use,) whereby the doctrines
delivered were reproved, rind the elders reproached, and that
with bitterness, etc., was utterly condemned.

3. That a person, refusivssr to come to the assembly, to abide
the censure of the church, rniijlit be proceeded against, though
absent; yet it was held belter, that the rnagistrates' help were
called for, to compel him to be present.

4. That a member, diireiing from the rest of the church in
any opinioii, which was not fundamental, ought not for that to
forsake rhr ordinances there; and if such did desire dismission
to any other church, which was of his opinion, and did it for
that end, the chi;rch whereof he was ought to deny it for the
same end.^

2:;J.] I'lie assembly brake up ; and it was propounded by
the governour, that they would consider, that, seeing the Lord
had been so graciously present in this assembly, that matters
had been carried on so peaceably, and concluded so comforta-
bly in all love, etc., if it Wi're not fit to have the like meeting
once a year, or, at least, the next year, to settle what yet re-
mained to be agreed, or if but to nourish love, etc. This mo-
tion was well liked of all, but it was not thought fit to con-
clude it.-

i blank II

a--i-mbly in 1G3/, ho^^evcr, so Lnucli iv?fmblos parly niukliig, tlut the r>.'s>iiuion
of the synod \- approved by the editor, though it beai-s hard on his great, great,
great, great graudmother.

1 Such resolutions as the two last nuist, by modern Congregationahsts, be
thought very tyrannical; and any proceedings of churches conformable to them
would be utterly disregarded by t!ie aggrieved. The law would now ]>rofect
one, instend of compelling him, iu case of refusal to go to church to liear his
own censure.

^ General experience in Christendom, since the council at Jerusalem in iho
days of the npo^des, lias shov.n, that, instead of tending to '•nourish lot.e"
syno'ls liave served only to engender strife ami debate, to rend anew the
seamless ccat of their master, aud. in his name to utt<?r .-i new conutiaad-
uient, that men hate one anor'^.-r. If this first synod of New Jhigl.uid pro-
duced peace, as we cannot but acknowledge it did, it was by the encourage-

• . ^^8 JOHN VnXTIir.OP. ri .. .

[i').57.

-241. There .va. a motion made al.o by th. governour, tlrtt
. whereas there was diilerence among the churches .bowt

the mamtenance of their minister., it might be agreed wh :
way was most, agreeable to the rale of the gospel- bu
^^ dders d.d..ot b.e to deal m that, lest it should be ;llt;::
^ .his asseuibly was gathered for their private advanta..e ^

K, '^^' l^'^^-^^"P«^t (as he had been before requested by tho

assembly) prea.-hed out of Phil. 3 : ]6, wherein he laid clown

he occasions of aiflerences among Christians, etc., and declared

the efleet and tru.t of the. assembly, and, with much wisdom

and sound argument, persuaded to-mrity, etc

The diet of the assembly was provided at the country',
charge, as also the fetching and sending back of those which
came Irom Coniiecticut. It came to, in all, [blankj.^ '

[Large biank.]
23.] Two men were banged at Boston for several murders.
Ihe one, John W-illiums, a ship-carpenter, who, being lately
corno mto the country, and put in prison for theft; brake out oV
pnson wtth one John Hoddy, jj whom,i| near the great pond, in
ihe way to Ipswich, beyond Salem, he murdered, and took
away as clothes and what else he },ad, and went in them to
. ipswK-h, (where he had been sent to prison,) and was there
again apprehended ; and though his clothes were all bloodv
yet^he w.^ld conA:ss nothing, till about a we.k after, that the
body ot noddy was found by the kine, who, smelling the blood,
made such a roaring, as the cow-keeper, looking about, found
i'.iv dead body covered with a h<-:M or.;-.)!- •

The other, William Schooler, was a vintner in London, and
bad been a common adulterer, (as himself did confess,) and had
^ wounded a man in a duel, Iwr which he fled into the Low
ll«-Ii'-a)j ..

nZ^!^ bv the cv,! aru, atl.r the ccdcsiastlcal JuaU had tailed iu i.=

^Tius disi„toresh.d spirit of the as.en.bly, ^hen Invit.d by th. chief chil
aul.Kmty ot d.e colony to consider of th.ir own maintenance: n^ust n.vcr U-
rcoolkviod without honor.

th:' fr'l %f"'"">' ^r""^'^ ^^^'^'•^ -^^ ^";^i'^ to look, I an, nnable to .upplv
thi. blank. Ihc .synod lasted tu-enty-fijur days.

1637.] JOIDy" ^TIN'TITROF. OQC)

Countr}^, and from thence he fled from his ca])tain and came
into this country, leaving his wife (a handsome, Jieat woman)
in England. He lived with another fellow at jN^errimack, and
there being a poor maid at Newbury, one jNIary SIiolv, t.-ji.^
who had desired a guide to go with her to her master, " '^
who dwelt at Pascataquack, he inquired her out, and agreed,
for fifteen shillings, to conduct her thither. But, two days
after, he returned, and, being asked why he returned so soon,
he answered, that he had carried her within two or three miles
of the place, and then she would go.rio farther. Being examined
for this by the magistrates || at || Ipswich, and no })roof found
against him, he was let go. But, about a year afrcr, being
impressed to go against the Pequods, he gare iJi speeches, for
which the governour sent warrant for him, and being appre-
hended., (and supposed it had been for the death of the maid,
Psomejl spake what they had heard, which might occasion
suspicion,) he was again examined, and divers witnesses pro-
duced about it. ^Yhercupon he was committed, arraigned, and
condemned, by due proceeding. The |[ ^effect || of the evidence
was this : —

1. He had ||^livedj| a vicious life, and now lived like an
atheist.

2. He had sought out the maid, and undertook to carry her
to a place where he had never been.

3. When he crossed Merrimack, he landed in a place three
miles from the usual path, from whence it was scarce possible
she should g("t into the pnlli,

4. He said he wenr by Winicovvctt house, which he said
stood on the contrary side of the way.

5. Being, as he said, within two or three miles of Swam-
scote, II ^where|] he left her, he went not thither to lell them of
her, nor staid by her that night, nor, at his return home, did tell
any body of her, till he was demanded of her.

6. "Wlion he came back, he had above ten shillings in his
purse, and yet he said she would give him but seven sliilUngs,
and he carried no money with him.

7. At his return, he had some blood upon his hat. and on

llofil ir-30ou|| ll'estateli |i'kd|i li'^^l^^''Mi

VOL. I. 25

290 JOIIX WINTIIROl'.

[163;

his ykiriri before, which he said was with a pi^cou. which he
IdJIed. ■

8. IJo had a scratch on ihe left side of his no.^e, and, beinr;
asked by a neighbor how it came, he said it was wirli a bramble^
which could not be, it being of the breadth of a small nail ; and
being asked after by the magistrate, he said it was with his
piece, but that could not be on the left side.

9. The body of tlio maid was found by an Indian, about
half a year after, in tlic midst of thick swamp, ten miles short
of the ])lace he said he left her in, and about three miles from
the place where he landed by Merrimack, (and it was after seen
*243 ^y ^'"'' ^"gJish,) the flesh being rotted off it, and the

clothes laid all on an heap by the bodv.

10. He said, that soon after he left her, he met with a bear,
and he IhrnvghL that bear juighl kill hvr, yet he would, nor to
back to save her.

11. lie brake prison, ajid lied as far as Powder Burn Hill,
and there hid himself uut of the way, for fear of pursuit, and
after, when he arose to go forward, he could not, but (as him-
self confessed) was forced to return back to prison again.

At his death he confessed he had made many lies to excuse
hinjself, but denied that he had killed or ravished her. He was
very loath (o die, and had hoj)e he should be reprieved; but the
court held him worthy of death, in undertaking the charge of a
shiftless jiiiiid, and leaving lier (when he might have done other-
wise) in such a place as he knew she must needs perish, if not
preserved 1-y ir^-ans unknnv,!;. Yet there wcic so:;io ministers
and .othei>, \m>o thought tiie evidence not suiiicitiu to take
away his life.^

(8.) 7.] The Wren, a snjnll pinnace, coming from Connec-
ticut, was taken in a N. E. storm, and i'cjrccd to atiehur near
Conyliassett, where she drave upon the rocks, and was wrecked,.
but all the men were saved.

1:2.] A day of thanksgiving kept in all the churches for
i|oin victories II against the Pequods, and for the success of the
II a vietoi-yjl

I Doiihlsiui^ht rea>oT.;vMyb.fi,h.rf:Uhod; tor tl.,^ In-t ivA last >-W.-um-^t:\urc<,
to say notljing ofmoi-o tliau lialtof the otli',;r.>. r.n^ ol'\crv uncertain t.;iHlf!i/>v.

ia-S7.] JOHN WlNTHKOr. 2dl

assembly; but, by reason of tliis laiior, some of Boston would
not be present at tl;e public exere'uses. The ca})tains and i>ol
diers, nho had been in the late service, were feasted, and, after
llu; sertnon, the ningistrates and elders accompanied them to
the door of the house where they dined.
[Large blank.]

(9.) 1.] ]\Iiantunnornoh, the Naragansett saeliem, came to
Boston. The governour, depucy, and treasurer, treated with
him, and they parted upon fair terms. He acknowledged
that all the Pequod couniry and Block Island were ours, and
promised that he would not nieddle with them but by our
leave. "VYe gave him leave to right himself for the jj wrongs jj
whifh [I'-Janemoh and Wequash Cook || had done him; and
for the wrong they had done us, we would right ourselves in
our own lime.

A young man, coming alone in a skiff from Newtown, in a
iV. E. storm of wind and snow, was found dead in his *.-,,.
bo-it, with a half-cvown piece in his mouth.

One Jewell, mn-ier of a bark, vcas drowned. The mam^'r
was this. He Vvas Ifound to the Lie of Sable, to relieve our men
there. His bark liad lain near a week at Natascott, waitmg for
him, but he staid at Boston drinking, and could not be gotten
away. JNIo. x. "When he went, there was committed to his care
a rundlet of strong water, sent to some there, he promising, that
upon his life, it should not be touched ; but, as he went down
in his bark's skilf, he went on shore at the castle, and there
drank out about a jj-allou of it, and at nighf wcui aw ;iy ; but, it
being very cold and dark, tiiey tould not iind their hark, and
Jewell hi- hat tailing into- the v,-ater, as they were jj "'row in:x |i
back to look for it, he fell into the water, near the shore, v.hta-e
it was not sL\ feet deep, and could not be recovered.

There was great hope that the late general assembly would
have had some good effect in pacifying the tTOul>les and dis-
sensions about matters of religion ; but it fell out otherwise.*
II Injuries 11 jj- J. ami X. Cook !j |j-\x.miiigij

^ lly this Lrcneratioii. an nrontous zeal Inr God in their fathers >Iiwulil I'C
ro<.';n<led \vilh t.-n<i»'ni"s>. ^\^-' an^ not luueh onilaii_uere<l in t!ii.- re,-i..-et hy
tlieir exiuiiple; yet it is proper to louk at t'lci. eomliiet, li>r it may he a warning.

292 JOIIN WJKTimOP. n6:37.

For llioiigii Mr. Wheelwright and those of his party had been
♦2^3 clearly confuted and confounded in the assembly, yet
thoy persisted in their opinions, and were as busy in nour-
ishing contentions (the principal of thern) as before. Where-
upon tlie general court, being assembled in the 2 of the 9th
montl), and finding, upon consultation, that two so opposite
pai-ties could not |j contain |j in the same body, without apparent
hazard of ruin to the whole, agreed to send away some of the
pruicipal ; and for this a fair opportunity^ was oflered by the
II continue li

If the state bnd left tins obscui-e controversy, where it belonged, to tlie unsound
heads but pure lietirts of tb.f> deluded, it might soon bave subsided in silence.
Hutchinson, I. 73, thinks j)osrcrity might have been ignorant that such a -woman
as his ancestor ever existed. The proceedings of the first council of Ephesus,
A. D. 431, which condemned Nestorlus and bis harmless errors, mu} be found
in Gibbon's Decline and Fall, chap. XLYII. Metaphysical doctrines then influ-
enced, as they have often since, the concerns of the state, and the rl^'hts of
citizens -svere judged by their opinions on religion ; while the supreme magis-
■trate, instead of an impartial arl)ito.r, became the furious leader or blind follower
of the dominant faction. "Ephesus, the city of the Yirgdn, was defiled with
rage and clamor, with sedition and blood ; the rival sviiods darted anathemas
and excommunications from their spiritual engines; and the court of Theodosius
waa perplexed by the adverse and contradictory narratives of the Syrian and
Eg}-ptlan factions. During a busy period of three months, the emperor tried
every method, except the most etlectual means of indid'erence and contempt, to
reconcile this thoulogical quarrel."

The dehberations at Ephesus terminated in the establishment of a dogma
about the double nature of the Founder of our religion ; but this benefit, for
which the uuholy assembly has since 1 ''cn venerated under the i'.;\.- of the thlnl
oecumenical council, appears nitl'cr the iu.>uU- of jastlon than of ti:_,uuient, and
relies more on the, fraud of man tlian the authority of scripture. Similar inde-
cencies may not ])e found in the ecclesiastical assemblies of Xew England; but
there is some parallelism in the object and the rcsuli ; and the sarcasms of the
adversary are in no snvall degree justified. For seventeen centuries, tie
occasions to blaspheme are almost as numerou.s as the synods.

1 Pretence would have been as proper a word as opportunltj, and a strange
pretence It st-ems. If by the remonstrance an indignity were oOered to the
[March court, ly all rules of proceeding, either of r.-ason or practice, the s;uue
body, and not another, should have passed its animadversion on tlic contempt.
Yet a new court was chosen in May, and held, as our author shows, a second
session in August, without taking any notice of the jTevious oHence. Perhaps
it might liave been imprudent to punish, before Sir 11. Vane and l.,ord Ecy de-
parted; and such a probable inference is fortl.Gi d by a jjassjige iu Welile's pre-

1037.] jorDT ^vjxTiinop. 093

re^Mon<france or pf^firion, which ^hcy preferrerl to the court thp
9rh of the 1st month, wherein tliey'attirm Mr. Wheelwright to
f>e innocent, and fliat the conrl had condemned the triuh of
Christ, with divers other scandalous and seditions speeches, {as
appears at larcre in the proceediigs^ of this court, which wnre
l^Mthfully collected and published soon after the court brake
up,) subscribed l^y more than sixty of that faction, whereof one
ii William [j Aspinwa]|, being one, and he that drew the said
petition, being then sent as a deputy for Boston, vras for the
same dismissed, and after called to the court and disfranchised
and banished.-^ John Coggeshall was another deputy, who
though his hand II were || not to the petiiion, vet, professing ,.^ 1
him.^elf to approve it, etc., was also dismissed, and after " ~^^
disfranchised. Then the court sent warrant to Boston to send
other deputies in tlieir room ; hut they intended to have sent:
the same men again; but Mr. Cotton, comin- amongst them,
PJ-il P.vas||

face Tnore Tv-as sh!I another general court, in September after tbe dissolution
0. tlie ^T"oJ, and A^pinwall was a member of tliat court; vet, tbou-h it mu^t
have been known, that tlie foni spirit cxbihhcd in the petition was not pum-ed
away by tlie scientific confutation, the sleeping honor of the March le^nslature
remamed without vindication. ^

_ i_ Unless my opinlous be as mueh perverted by preju.Uce, as those of the ma-
jority of the court appear to me, this account of the rcmonsti-ance i. very
"njust ; but that every reader may fonn his own judgment of this "seditious
IibL-I, as It was called by authority, I have transcribed it from ^Velde. p. 23--'.>
<ind given it a place i:-.. ll ■ .iii.neudix. E. '

■' The petition was suddenly dra^s-^ up, as the audience withdrew tK.m the
court, after their cen.ure of WheelwnVht; and sentence of banishment was
parsed on Aspmwall, before it was known that he was the penman. -NVelde .30
considers it "an overruling hand of Gtxl ; for, the next cUnj, it was discovered
that he was the man that did frame the petition, an.I drew many to subscribe to
It, and some had their names put to it wlrln-ut their knowledge, and In his first
draught there were otlier passages so foul, as he was forced to put them out, and
yet many had not subscribed but upon his promise, that it should not be dellvcr-
e-l vnthout adv.ce of .Afr. Cotton, which was never done." Perhaps the pa.s-
sages eras.id before presenting were an aggravation of the crime In the opi.u.m
of the reveiend casuist, whose judgment is so blinded bv passion, that he seems
an unfortunate a.lvoeate, rather than an impartial reporter. Of the mlsreprc-
•^emat.on about Cotton, and of the forged si^: natures, no light is obtained from
>\.iathrop or the public record-.

25*

294 JOHN wiXTiniOP. [1537_

dissu.iaetl them with much ado.^ Then tlie court sent for Mr.
WiieehvTight, and, lie persisting to justify his sennon, and his
whole practice and opinions, and rciusing to leave either the
place or his public cxercisings, he was disfranchised and ban-
ished. Upon which he appealed to the king, but neither called
witne.<ses, nor desired any act to be made of it. The court
told him, that an apj^eai did not || lie ; || for by the king's grant
we had [)Ower to hear and determine without any reservation,
etc. So he relinqtashed his appeal, aisd the court gave him
leave to go to his house, upon his promise, that, if he were not
gone out of || -our || jurisdiction within fourteen days, he would
render himself to one of the magistrates.^

The court also sent for Mrs. Hutchinson, and charged her
with divers matters, as her keeping two public lectures every
week iu her house, whcri-to sixty or eighty persons did usually
resort, and for reproaching most of the ministers (viz., all ex-
cept Mr. Cotton) for not preaching a covenant of free grace,
and that they had not the seal of the spuit, nor were able
ministers of the New Testament ; which were clearly proved
against her, though she sought to shift it off. And, after many
speeches to and fro, at last she was so full as she coidd not
cojitain, but vented her revelations ; amongst which this was
II ky!! lichen

1 CoJdIngton -vvas the otlicr representative of Boston, and probably did not
sign the remonstrance ; yet he approved it, I suppose, as much a^ Coggeshall.
In jilace of AsninwaU <:;:'! Ov\j;'j>!iaIl. tl;e T'j\vn ll.'cords i:.:'j;-.ii us, that,
6 ?\o»-embcr, V/iUiam Coloro.^ aiid John Oliver \\ere chosen ; bar, at the same
court, the latter waa " dismissed from being a deputy for justifying the seditious
libel, called a remonstrance or petition." Col. Ilec. I. 2u3. Tlie town havl
spirit enough to forbear furllicr exercise of their right for that session; but
Oliver, and Hough, Avho T>as of the saiae party, -were membei-s of the two fcl-
Icwing courts. This John Oliver, I presume, -jvas brother of Thomas, the
ruling elder.

^ Hubbard, 3b8, almost confesses, that the government '• had overdone in pass-
ing the sentence." This treacherous candor, had Wheelwright died thirty
years sooner, might not have been observed. At the end of his jMeiTuriu'?
Americ.snus, London, Kiio, in reply to "Welde's virulent book of the year be-
fore, the sulftrer >ays: 'vliwas marvellous be got thither," thai is, to Pi.-*cata-
qua, " at tiiat time, when they expelled him, by rca.son of the deep snow in
■which he might have perished."

lG.i7.1 JOHN WIXTITROP.

20v

oiii', thnt she had it revealed to her, tliat she should come into
rJew England, and should here bo i| persecuted, || and that God
would ruin us and our posterity, and the who'e state, for ^,^.^
the same. So the court proceeded and banished her; "^ '
but, because it was w-inter, they committed her to a private
housc,^ where she was well provided, and her ov/n friends and
the elders permitted to go to her, but none else.

The court called also Capt. I'nderhill, and some five or
six more of the principal, whose hands were to the said
petition ; and because they stood to justify it, they were dis-
franchised, and such as had public places were put from
them.-

'J 'ho court also ordered, that the rest, who had subscribed
the petition, (and would not acknowledge their fault, and which
near twenty' of them did,) and tome others, who had been
li presented j[

1 It v.ill be seen, a few pajres onward, that this house -was in noxbury. The
Colony llecovd of her banL^hment, I. 203, informs us, that she " was committed
tf> Mr. Joseph We!de," one of the deputies from that town, and brother of t!,o
clerg}-mau there, Thomas, the sad historian of the controwrsy, who had shovrn
himself sufficiently desirous of con-vincing her of her errors, and was not a Ht-
tle soured by liis ill success. To be taken fronri her husb;md, children, and
friends, and committed to a prison in another tovra, even at the house of so trood
a mau as Joseph \VeMe, might not be agreeable process of conversion ; but
when subjected to the perpetual buzzing of tlie clerical tonnentor, she must
have been more than ^voman, not to prove incorrigible.

-Underbill excused himself, like r, .:\'Ui'. r, '..t. in -»ain. "ile iu.istrd
much," ^.lys Weld:-, -upon the ]ib.;rty wnich aii st--ites do allow to milirary
oflk'crs for free spe>^ch, etc., and that himself i;ad spoken son-etimes as fretly to
Count Nassau."

^ Only ten names of those, who " acknowledged their sin in subscribing the
seditious writing, and desired to have their names crossed out," are found in the
Itecords of tliat session ; and one of them, Ralph ]\rousall, a representative at
the court in September, 1(338, " for speeches formerly spoken by hmi in appi'o-
hation of Mr. Wheelwright, was dismissed from being a member of this court"
Rec. I. 227. TTe are loft then to the supposition, that the govcrnour enlarges
tlie number of the converts, or else that, at a future d.ay, Avhen the violence of
paity was assuaged, reconciliation with the otlended majesty of a Jij/l'itnt court
v-as encouraged, without noticing the f;ict in their proceediups. Yet there is
cnf.'r,-d, so late as 13 May, 1G40, the sub;ni::siou of "Mr. Henry Flint." But
the victory over hini wa^ well deserving of notice, as he was a diTtinguIslied

296 JOHN WfNl'JTROP. nf;^o-

chief stirror.^ in these contcnfions, etc., slioidd be disarnuvl.
This troubled some of them very mnch, especially because
they were to brini^ them in themselves ; but at last, when they
saw no remedy, they obeyed.-^

yoimg man, tlieu choson minister at Eraintree, where his settlement, ^\]ilr]^
t^hoiild have taken place at the same t!me wifh Tonipson's, 10 Xovember, ItJ.'O,
T.as delayed till 17 March after. Nu doubt this postponement was, to aiFoni
him liberal opportunity for this recantation. The commendation of him by
Johnson, lib. I. c. 3 7, and again, lib. II. c. IS, for his industry against the s.imc
"sinful opinions" appears, to us who know the whole, rather luillcrous. I\Iath-
er's biography of Flint, Magnaha, III. c. 19, is remarkable, even in him, for its
nofhingness.

^ In no pdrt of the history of any of the United States, perhaps, can a par-
allel be found for this act. the remarkable circumstances of which justify a io!U'
tratiscript from the Colony records, vol. I. 207-8.

" Whereas the opinions and revelations of Mr. "WTieehvright and ]Mrs. ITut.h-
inson have seduced, and led into dangerous errors, many of the people heare
in Newe England, insomuch as there is just cause of suspicion, that they, as
others in Germany, in former times, may, upoi. some revelation, make some
suddalne irruption upon those that difler from them in judgment: for preven-
tion whereof, it is ordered, that all those, whose names are underwritten, shall,
(upon warning given or L-ft at their dwelling houses,) before the 30th day of
this month of November, deliver in at Mr. Cane's house at Boston all such guns,
pi-tols, sAvords, poM-der, shot, and match, as they shall bee owners of, or have in
their custody, upon paine of teim pounti for evry default to bee made thereof;
which armes are to bee kept by Mr. Cane till this court shall take further ord.r
therein. Also it is ordered, upon like penalty of X£, that no man, who is to
render his armcs by this ortler, shall buy or borrow any guns, swords, pistols,
powder, shot, or niaN-!: -vi]]! O.i'-: '\':{ _-]:„'! ioki' f(ii-;ly. - ■•:•],•: ;;.,':; in."

"Tuo names of Homou imn bi hcu d'-armod : Capt. Joiiu Undorhill, ^Ir-
Thomas Oliver, William Hutchinson, William Aspinwall, Samuel Cole, William
Dyer, Edward Kainsti.ard, John Button, John Sanfoard, Kiehard Cooke, Kioh-
ard Eairbanks, Thomas :\[arshall, Oliver Mellows, Samurl AVilborc, John Oli-
ver, Hugh Gunnison, John lilggs, Richard Gridley, Eih^-ard Bates, William
Dinely, William Litherland, :\Iathcwe I\ans, Henry Elkins, Zaccheus Bos-
worth, Robert Rice. William Townscnd, Robert Hull, WilUam Tell, Richard
Hutchinson, James Johnson, Thomas Savage, John Davy, George Burden, .h>hn
Odlin, Gamaliel Wayti}, Edward Hutchinson, William "Wilso;?, Isaack Gh'S-n
Richard Carder, Robert Hanlings, Richard ^Vayte, John Porter, Jacob i:ii"',
James Penninuan, Thomas Wardell, AVilliam \Vardell, 'J'homas :Mat-;ou, Wilil.un
Baulston, John Compt<m, Mr. Parker, "William Freeborn, Henry Bull, Jnl.-i
WalJccr, WilJInm Salr. r, Edward Loadall, Tliuuias \\'heelcr, Mr." Clarke, Mi.
John Coggesball."

|.;:37.] JOIIX ^M2sTIlTlOP. 297

All the procecdiuL^>? of this courr against tho^e persons ..-j,^
were set down at large, with the reasons and other obser-
vations, and were sent into England to be published there, to the

" The like order is taken |i>r other to^-ns, rli.-nging the namci of tho^e "wbo
shnll deliver their arme?, and keepe them.

'• 'J"he names of Salem men to bee disarmed : Mr. Scruj^, ~Mr. Alfoot, 3Ir.
Con uiins, goodman Robert Moiilton, goodman King, to deliver their amis to
I.c^ft. Daaifort.

'■ I'iie names of ZST^M-ebe-.-nt- men to bee di^nrmed are Mr. Dummer, Mr. Eas-
ton, Mr. Spencer, to bee delivered to the constable of the towne.

"The names of Roxberry men to bee di:<avmed are Mr. Edwaitl Deni?on,
Richard ^Morris, Richard Bn'gar, and William Deni?on, Philip Sherman, to bee
d'^livered to jroodman Johnson.

" The names of Ipswich men to bee disanued are Mr. Foster and Samuel
Shennaii, T.-lueh are to deliver their armes to 'Mr. Bartholomewc.

" The names of Charlostowne men to be disarmed are Mi-. George Bun-
ker, and James Browne, -svho are to deliver tlieir armes to goo'hnan Thomas
LIue."

"It was ordered, that if any that are to bee disarmed acknowledge their sinu
in subscribing the seditious hbell, or do not justiiy it, but acknowledge it evill to
two magistrates, they shall bee thereby freed from delivering in their armes
aci'-onlitig to the flji-mer order."

" The towne of Roxberry is required to take order for the safe custody
of Mrs. Hutchinson, and it" any charge arise, to be defrayed by her hus-
band."

Tlie full and overtlowing measure of an honorable and Cln-istian revenge,
for this indignity to the lineal ancestor of the editor, was enjoyed by him, little
more than thirty-seven years after, when he was commander in chief of all the
Massachusetts forces, in the beginning of King Philip's war, and the blond of his
sous Wa; shed for his country. lie v.;-,-, !e;):.<-:)t,;,r.ive tbr i> >>(*■) i:'. 1>" i. ■\ad
very oiitn aner, as well a^ for liinghaui, and Anuover ; speaker of the Louse
by f ve annual elections, and membcrof th.c council in IGSO, ar,d until his de.ith,
U February, 1683.

Another of these disarmed gentlemei\, Edward Ilutchinson, son of the
I)rophotess, and brother-in-la^v of Savage, representative for Bo>ton, l.S.J'^. fell
by the uun-tal wound received in Indian ambuscade near Qualuxig, at whi^.-h
town he died, 10 Augrist, 107.'), in an honorable rank. His will is in cnir
Probate Ret-ords, V.:.1.\t. L'.'. His son, the Hon. Elisha Hutehin.-.on, w!io died
10 December, 1717, a.L'cd 77, was lather of Hon. Tlioma.s, bum 30 J:!ninry.
l''7l,v.ho di.d 3 DecemlH-r, 173i>. This last was father of Thomas, b.M-n
S.'j.r.'i il).T, 1711. H. C. 1VJ7, tlic celebrated historian and unhappy go\ernour
of Massachusetts, who died .3 Jum-. 1 7S0. Qf xhU latter Eliot olvc- an ac-ount
more full and judicious thi:n of any other in his admirable vol-ame.

I '

29S JOHN WTNTIIIiOP. [imi.

*r,tq end thnt "all* our godly friends might not be diseoura^r'nl
from coming to us, etc}

1 In tLc maririn was writfen, In a baml I thought to be Cotton Mather's, " Th; .
•was jiriiitpcl by Mr. WclU' about seven years ;iftcr." The D)i.vspolling of tl).' I
author's name is strange. From diliirent examination of Welde's book, I think \
Lo. mu:t be hold answerable for 72 of its 85 pages; and that Gov. "Winthi-Dp |
wrote v.liat is printed from the top of p. 4G to the third line of p. 5f>. Tlii^ i< |
entitled, " A Brief Ajjolo^y in Defenc's of the General Proceedings of the Court ," 3
[probably Winthrop had vritten, Proceedings of the General Court,] " holdrn I
at Boston, the ninth day of the first month, 1C36, against Mr. J. Whcelwrigiit, ,
a member there, by oecaslon of a Sermon," etc. etc. Welde, ^vho went hoiiie
in IG-ll, did" not until 10-14 publish his " Short Storj- of the Eise, Reign, and
Euin of the Antinoniians, etc., that infected the churches of New England ;
and how they were coufuted by the assembly of ministers there ; as also of th-
magistrates' proceedings in Court against them : together with God's strange and
renuirkaulc judgtnents from heaven unun some of the chief fuuieiitejs of tln-c
Opinions, and the lamentable death of ]\irs. Ilutchlhson ; ver}' fit for tht-.-c
tliues, here being the srime Errors amongst us, and acted by the same spirit.
Published at the instant request of sundrv', ly one that ira^i an eye and car
ii-itness of the carriarje of matters there." Quotations follow from Ephes. -1 : 11,
and 2 Peter, 3:17. "London : printed for Ilalph Smith, at the sign of the
Bible, in Cornhill, near the Royal Exchange, 104i." The book opens with a
short address, followed by si.Kteen very curious pages of pretace. and a postscript,
to which is signed the name of T. Welde.

The intent of the adilress to the reader, is to convince him, that T. "W. n\ct
with the book, '• newly come forth of the press," and was earnestly desired *' to
perfect it by lajing down the order and sense of this story, (which in the b'^'''k
is omitted ;") and that tlic names of the parties in our troubles thus beltiL'
'•already in print without any act of his," he thought it " rcfpilslte that God'-
great vr,-'..; shn-dd b-- ''-1- knoxvr;,'' vhcn-upori !,.- d--,- ^,p the tbllowi!;-
prefn-r. •■;i-."-/. .iv,-..- .:■./•/;';;,,>■ ,,,j lite condusi'in of the hookJ'

Xo small reason to presume, that thi* is altogether a pretence on the part 01
tlie virulent pamphleteer, would be drawn from Inspection of the copy of tli'-
work In the British ^Mu^eum. It is In the wonderful collection, by Thomas"",
of the pamphlets pul)IIshe<l from 1640 to IGGO, of near thirty thousand pic-..-,
in almost two thousand volumes, and Is fotirul In Yob 143 of the small quarti;-.
there marked 19 J"'eb. 1^4.'^, as the gatherer was careful, he says, '• that the very
day i< written upon most of them that they came otit."

^■ery trilling Importance would atticK, however, to the question of "WcM-' -
concern ia th" )>iiblii\iUon ; and we might slightly regard his indicatI>Mi •'
hlmsLlf oti tin; tirh^-p,!„',', that does not bear his name, a-- '• ati eye and ear
witne.'S of tlie carriag«- of matters," had not the ovor-<:uni\ing writer cau-i -I
another tit! '-page to !■■' .-'tllx./;! to the .^•ay/fe work, omittiuj solely the addnv-
and j)reface. It has cnciv word, and part of a word, and ;djl..v-\i;itioii of naii;'-S

•I ■■'. I

1G:>7.] JOHN AViXTJlROP. ocig

A nor this, many of the church of Boston, being high.ly
oliv'uded ^vilh the govcrnour icr- tliis proccfuiiig, were earno:-t
wi'.li the elders to have him called to accoujit for it; but tliey
were not forward in it, and himself, understanding their intent,
thought fit to prevent such a puMic disorder, and so took oeca-
t-ion to speak to the congregaiion to this effect: —

1. Tliat if lie hud been called, etc., he would have desired,
fir-t, to have advised with the elders, whether tiie church had
))0'.ver to call in (piestion the ])roceedings of the civil court.

2. He would have cousulied Avith the rest of the court.

and oxiii-tly tlie saiiic roiereuces anJ ijgures, ou every page, as; the t'orraor book,
from p. 1 to 66. aud Finis inclusivf. Yet, to nivstily a hoodies.^ oU-^erver, it it
entitled, •• Antinoininii^ ami Famili^ti tondennn.-d by tlie Synod of Elder.s in
Xv^v Engknd: -uith the j-iroceodings of the Magistrates against them, and their
Apologv for the same ; tocether ■with a inoniorablo example; of God's judgments
upon some of those persons, etc.;*' and most exact copy of tho last words and
figure^ of the imprint, '• London : publ:.-hed for Ralph Smith at the sign of the
Lible, etc., 1044." It seems, as if tlie types had never been disturbed ; and to a
fkllful eye this test is decisive. My attt ittioa to this extraordinary instance of
bibliogi-aphical dislngeuuity was drawn in March, 1851, by Dr. Harris, the learned
librarian of our UuiveiVity, where it is preserved ; but probably it imposed ujion
iiolx)dy until within two or three years. Certainly, in some ancient chirography,
of wliich this substituted tille-page is piobably the sole possessor, as I presume no
other copv can be found in the worll, (for Thomason had not heard of it, we
may be sure.) it is branded, '• By '}<lv. V.'ell^." "What a sneaking device it was,
need not he ariued. Xor can any (me, it seems to me, hesitate to a>k tlic
unans-s.erdble cpiL?tion, AVIat did "\N\IJe moan by acknowledging in /rw prelaie
'• so.vtK Ai>l>iTioxs TO THE coNCLUSiox OF THK BOOK," when not a word, or
Ivttcr, orcnmmr'. •'-■n-ur.'. i- --^ddod tn !•;.' !;i<t six -prim^iov tw-.y ]Kvt of wltr't. tor
a >iiield of his o^.;i co«ardj;-e, he wi^Ju'd io have jiass as a n<jw cdi'ivu ofa work
hi^-retoforc issued from die press?

Xo doubt was ever expressed abour ihe. trve title-page, " A Short Story, et'-."
by Laylie. iu Dissuasive, ICto; by AViiot-lwright, in Mercurlus Amerioanus,
1>J1.">, both at Loi!^!(jn ; or by Cotton, IGiS; by our O'va General Court, 1G.14,
as in note to p. 21 1!, aiite ; by the aiinior of '• A GLv-s for tin- Teople of X'^w
i-ug!and." 16 7-;, a> ipioted by Ilutchin.-un, I. 72, charging Rev. Samuel Clark
of Loudon Aviih "taking the lie out of his brother "\^'eld.■■s Short Story" into
his Injok, '• God's judg-ments against here.-y ;" or by ^Matlu r, or by the LoiidoM
{'ubUilier of the >C':oi«l edition, ltJ!j2 ; or by tho carcl'iil amii|nary. Prime, in
<."aud. of X. E. Library; or by Chauiv^y, or Eliot, or any oiher v? om Ncvv
England divines; and ]'erhaps the r.'a'lermay diink I have derixed too murh
gnnif'-ation from disclosing tlk- >!.:■■!. -le-.- iniiniiilv or pvtiy malice of the
fcck'siastical historian. Let it go for the !• a.-L skilful of all a'^empts at deception :

300 JOHN ^mTimor. ^^3^

. whether he might discover the Ij counsels i| of the court to thi«
. ' assembly.

3. Though he kne^v, tbut the elders and some other, did
know, that the church could not inquire into the justice and
proceedir.gs of the couri, etc.; yet for the ^ satisfaction !l of
such as did not, and were willing to be satisfied, he would
declare ins mind herein.

4. He. showed, that, if the church had such power, thev must
have n Irom Christ, but Christ had disclaimed it in his pkerice
II and II by rule, as Luke [blank,] Matt, [blank ;] aiid the scrip:
tiire liolds not out any rule or example for it; and thouc^h
Christ's kingly power be in his churcb, yet that is nor that
kingly power whereby he is King of kings and Lord of lord.
lor by that kuigs reign and princes, etc. It is true, indeed, that '
magistrates, as they are church members, are accomitable to the
churc-h for their failings, but that is when they are out of their
callmg; tor we have examines of the highest magistrates in the
same kind, as L'zzia, when lie would go offer incense in the
•250 ^^^"^P^^. the officers of the church colled him to acr-onnt and

withstood him. ]Jut when Asa put a prophet in prison,' and
when Salamput out Abiathar from the priesthood, (the one
being a good act and the other ill,.) yet the officers of the church
did not call either of them to account for it. If a magistrate
shall, in a private way, take away a man's goods or his servant.,
etc., the church may call him to account for it : but if he doth
thus in pursuing a course of justice, (though the thing be unjust,)
yet he is not ar-count.-.b'p. pu-.

a For hiin^rjf; ju ,];,] n.;uiung in the cases of the brethren,
but oy the advice and di.ection of our teacher and other of the
ciders, lor in ihe oath, which was administered to him and
the rest, .etc., there was inserted, by his advice, this clause. -
In all causes wherein you are to give your vote, etc., vou are to
give your vote as in your judgment and conscience' you shall
see to be most for the public good, etc.; and so for his part he
was pei^uad.d, that it would be most fV,r the glory of Clod, and
the public good, to pass sentence as they did.
iKoncerasJI Ij-^^anetificatiouil ' p^s\\

an anonyu>ou.s titk-page to a V^ur^t7n^'^^'-~,Mo'^t7th^^^
probably of seven i)age3, were before ooufesa'd.

1(5-7.1 '"TOHN WINl'imOP. 301

G. He woiild give them one reasov, which Vv'as ]j a {] ground
for his jLidgmenr, and that was, for that he saw, that those
brethren, etc., were so divided iVom the rest of the country in
their judgment and practice, as it could not stand with the
public peace, that they should continue amongst ns. So, by
the example of ]jot in Abraham's family, and after Ilagar and
Jshmuel, he saw they must be sent away.^

IVIo. 11.] The church at Roxbury dealt with divers of their
members, (who had tiieir hands to the petition,) and spent many
days in public meetings to have brought them to -see their sin
in that, as also in tlie corrupt opinions which they held, but
could not prevail with them.- So they proceeded to two or
three r.dmonitions, and, when all wa? in |j ^vain,{{ they cast them
out of the church. In their dealing with them, they took some
of them in plain liej -dnd other fou! di.-tempers.
[Blank.]

9.] Divers of tiie elders went to "Weymouth, to reconcile the
difl'erences between the people and I\lr. Jeimer,^ whom they ,.-,-,
had called thither with intent to liave him their pastor.
They had good success of their prayers.

13.] About thirty persons of Boston going out in a fair day
to Spectacle Island to cul: wood, (the town being in great want
II the 11 II "union 11

^ That such examples from the private history of the Jewisli patriarchs were
alleged as justification of the intolerance of the ruliuj; party, should not lessen
our esteem of tl.' \:>...ii..l ;•.■.. i...-'.ji ',\'iii. I;. up, vLi'^Iu <.a i' ^ .;.:,.■■ . u .j.-rt ol'
ini^uiry licforo the ohundi, ii c-iliibited v.ilu great happiness, and must have
6ati.<fied, or silenced, all oppoui nts.

" Yet the mild and candid Thomas "Weldc was pastor there.

^ Thomas Jenner remained not lonij at Weymouth, thounh he represented
the town in general court, May, lG-40 ; for, in liutijhinson's Coll. Ill, is a letter,
and a good one, from him, early in 1641, at Saco. He had been made free of the
colony 8 December, 1G3G. Lechford, 45, speaks of liira as residing in Maine.
"^Veymouth seems to have been peculiarly unfortunate in its ministers, the first
five having all been transplanted. Hull, Jenner, and Lenthall, appear in this
History; Newman removed to Kehoboth; and when they were happy with
Thacher, in the second generation, he was, in 1669, transferred to Boston. I
pn?siinie Jenner went Lome to England; for, in Hazard, H. 78, a letter of
K'1-.vard W'm/low, London, 17 April, lOol, sp.caks of a purchase of his library
for IIar\ard College, he being poor, and then living in Norlblk.

VOL. I. 2G

302 join: Vv^INTintOF. rirj37^

thereof,^) tho next nlgut the wind rose so high at N. E. with
snow, aiid aftiT at N. W. for two day<, and then it fioze .so hard,
as the bay v.as all frozen up, |1 save jj a little channel. In this
twelve of tiiem gate to the Governoiirs Garden, and seven more
were carried in the ice in a small skid' out at Broad Sound, and
kepi among Brewster's Rai:Lks, without fuod or iire, two days, and
then iiie wind forbearing, they gate to Pullin Point, to a little
house there of Mr. Aspcnv/all's. 'j'hrce of them gate home the
nt'xt day over the ice, but their hands and feet frozen. Some
lost their fingers and toes, and one died. The rest went from
Spectacle Island to the main, but two of them fell into the ice,
yet recovered again.

In this extremity of weather, a small pinnace was cast away
upon Long Island by Natascott, but the men were Unsaved,!]
and came hojne upon the ice.

[Laije blank.]

16.] The powder and arms of the coniitr}-, which were kept
at Boston, were, by order of the last coiu't, carried to Roxbury
and Newtown.-

This year a plantation was begiui at Tecticutt by a gentle-
woman, an ancient maid, one Mrs. Pooie.^ She went late
||e-\cepti| |j-found|i

' It HKiy i-eoin strange, that a pi_arcity of wooJ should occur so soon afler tlie
settlement of the town; bat ve mnst remember its narrow dimcnc-ions within
the peninsula, and presume that none was brought in from the country. By
the accident which befel one of elder Oliver's sons cutting; wood on the necl: in
JuiP-nry. \(\■^::-•^. ^.-e ';ee v.h'\- v...^ then wi.>.»d ♦■nonu'. !';i' I'^o , ; ..^ of tl;.'
people; and the Town Ilecords, for three or ibiir years later, coutaiu frequent
regulations of the manner and quantity in which the inhabitants nu"-ht there be
supplied. The forest was nou: probably exhausted ; and in a letter, pi-ving an
account of the <iiii\e disaster recorded in the text, the governour says to his son,
" we at ]]o5fi,n were almost ready to break up for want of Avood." Still thcri'
was plenty on the islands in the harbor. The continuance of our clt}- has novor
been materially endangered since 1037 for want of fuel.

- "We can assign no other reason for this measure than the reliirlous opluinns
of the majority of Boston, by which tlie condlilon of the other part}- was rend' :-
ed unsafe. As their faith was so unsooml as to require the government to
disanu them, there was little need of powder in the magazine.

2 She was probably encourag d in her ]X'ril*His undertakin^r by the V.>\.
William Ilooke, a gentleman born, as tiie old phrase was, frr.in Ifaiej-hiro, w!io
vrastlie spiritual guide of the new settlement until lie remo\od to X'W ILwcn.

JG37.] JOirs- ^^n^TUJlov. 3^3

thither, and endured much. Iiardship, and lost irmch cattle.
Called, after, Taunton.^ . * "^'"'^

■ n^IankO

T)hs was no long time, yet it is variously given, as are also the cIrcumstan.o.Tf
ordinatioa or mstallation, by TnimbuU, I. 280, 28G, 206, 4.93.

Hooke Tv-as ^ea.A.r at ^'W na^cn.aftor the retm'n of ' Samuel Eaton, hut
went home m 1G.0C. 1 pre^u^ne hoth of thcrawere overshadowed by the powers
of Davenport, the p.i.tor. Yet the talent., of Fooke were respectable. A very
interesting letter frnm him to Winthrop of Connecticut, about the private in-
Ingues and difnculties of Cromwell, with whom he was iu .^reat favo'^ is pre-
served in 3 Hist. Coll. I. 181, from Vol. XIX. of TrumbuU MSS. Whallev the
regic.de, was, I find from MS., brother of liis wife, which circumstance mav plrtly
account for the de-.otion shown to iii>:i and Croffe at Kev/ H;u-eu. Hooke di.ni
21 March,^1667, says Trumbull, but Mather, on better authoi-ity, makes it IGZh!
x^ .^. llecoids uf Taunton proprietors, which I have e.x;unined, in settin-r out
Llrs. Poole's lot, ^lay, 1639, reference is made to Hooke's lot She wa. I
th3.k, .conmpani.^d by some relaf;^ o. ; for in the town hooks is found, - Timothy
Poole, the son of :Mr. VriUiam Poole, died the 15th of December, 16C 7. Tie wa.
drowned in a httle pond at Xescpiabhiausit, where it wls thoun-ht he dM .wim
in after a goose v.hJoL he had shot." In this most ancient "towTi of Bri.fo'
county, the curious traveller may sec a fair .lab, formerly laid over the -rave of
this^virgm mother of Taunton, now ren^oved to the common burial-ground,
navmg tins inscription : —

'• Here rest the remains
of jNIrs. Ei.17ai!i^th Pool,
. . a native of Old England,

of good family, friends, and prospect'^,

p11 M-hich she left, iu the prime of her life,

to enjoy the religlou of her conscience

in this distant wilderness ;

a great proprietor oPfhe towniship

of '.I .•'1m;'-:.'\.

a chief promoter of its settlement

and its incorporation 1G30-40,

■ ■ _ ah)ut which time she sottlorl near this spot ;

and, having employed the opportunity

of her virgin state

in piety, hbcrality,

and sanctity of manners,

died, May 2l3t, A. D. 1054, aged 65 ;

to whose memory

this monument in gratefully erected

by her noxt ofkin,

John ]!• rlaud, l>(piire,

A. D. ]771"

^ A town so eariy sr tded as Tauu'on should have so.ne hi.tory ; and a^ it is

304 JOIINT ATIXTJDlOr. [16:37

*2'53 -'^'^otber plantntion was bf-gnn (and called Sandwich)
about fifteen miles beyond Plimouth, towards Ci.ipe
Cod, by many faniilies, which .removed from Sagiis, odierwise
Lynn.^

[Blank.]

Upon occasion of the censures of the court upon Mrs.
^Hutchinson and others, divers other foal errors were discov-
ered, v.-hieh had been secretly earned by way of inquiry, bat
after v.ere maintained by Mrs. Hutchinson and others ; and so
many of Boston were tainted with.ihom, as Mr. Cotton, finding
how he had been abased, and made (as himself said) their
stalking horse, (for they pretended to hold nothing but what
Mr. Cotton held, and himself did think the same,-) did spend
most of his time, both publicly and privately, to discover those
errors, and to reduce such as were gone astray. And also the
magistrates, calling together such of the elders as were near,
did spend tv.'o days in consulting v.-iih them about the v.ay to
help the growing evils.

Some of the secret opinions vv'ere these: —

That there is no inherent righteousness in a child of God.

That neither absolute nor conditional |] promises |j belong to
a Christian.

That we are not bound to the law, w^t as a rule, etc.

That the Sabbath is but as other days.

That the soul is mortal, till it be united to Christ, and
then it is annihilated, and the body also, and a new given
by Christ,

|i praises ji

not include'l in Prince's list of doilciencies, I presume, tliat, in the immense
collcetiou of that most diligent antiquary, mon.' tliau a century since, one vas
contained, but now pone, \vith his other MS. treasures, to the winds, the
worms, or the flames. Tlie first volume of P.vist«:)l county's Registry of Deeds
contains a more recent coiifinn;Uion of lamLj jqI Titicut, purchased in 1(3;>7, by
Mrs. Poole, in behalf of the towu of Taunton.

^ If no other lover of the things of old uiU undertake to set in ordt.r the
annuls of Sandwich, the public may well expct the favor tVom the historian
of Plimoutli. The posses^iou of the faculty is evidence of tlie call to such
a work.

Such was my hopo, twenty -oiglit years ago. The beloved ann.-'ii-t of Plim-
outh died four years after its expression; and we do not kno\'.- tl:;<t the work is
bejjun bv another.

1037.] JOHN ^VL\TTTrtOP. 30;j

That there Js no resurrection of the body.
[Very Lir^'e blank.]

Mo. 12.] Divers gentlemen and others, being joined in a
military company, desijed to be made a corporation, etc. 'P>\ii
the council, considering (froui ilir;: example of the Pretoriai-.
band among the Romans, and tiie Temj^lars in Europe) how
dangerous it might be to erect a ?tauding authority of miiilury
men, which might easily, in time, overthrow the civil povs-er,
tljought fit to stop it betimes. Yet they were allowed to be a
company, but subordinate to all authority.^

About this tin-'t" the Indians, winch were in our fami- ^rj^-.
lies, were much frightened with Ilobbamock (as they call
th.' de-li) appearing to them in divers shapc.^, and persuading
them to forsake the English, and not to come at the assembhes,
nor to learn to read, etc.

26.] Mr. Peirce, in the Salem sliip, tlie Desire, returned
from the West Indies after seven months. He had been at
Providence, and brought som-^ cotton, and tobacco, and ne-
groes,- etc., §frorn thence, § ajid salt from Tertugos. Dry' fi.-h
and strong liquors are the only commodities for those parts.
He met there two men-of-war, set forth by the lords, etc , of
Providence with letters of mart, who had ta!:en divers
from the Spaniard, and many negroes.

izes

A reason for tliis jealousy will ajipoar in the course of a few paragra[)li~ on-
ward 5 but this coinp-'ny, now known as Ute Ancient aii't IlnuornMo Arnllfry,
£Ooa triumphed over suoh scruple?, anJ hi':, cr;j<;_.Vi], ir. i voiraikaoh; iv^iriM.^r,
the countenance of the governmeiit of colony, proviuce, and conimonwt?alth.
Tho Histor\- of this military band was published, in 1820, by Zechariah G.
AVhitman, Esq. Keayne, its first (.'ap'j'in, was orthodox, as v.-e see tVoin the
onler in a preceding note, page 218, that the arms of the disaffected of Boston
should be surrendered at his house. ] lis creed was more correct than his j)i"!C-
tice, on which a few remarks by t/ie historian, and sonic exomplitication hy the
editor, will appear.

- Perhaps the i:iia\oidable conclusion from this passacre is, that slaves were
brought here for sale. It was an unhappy exchange for the Indians, — litU^'a
boys and two women. — ha had can-ied out, (see page 2.31;) though priha]->s
the blacks were hap])icr than their red brethren. A few years later, we shall
S''e a \cry honorable testimony of our f-ihcra agair.st the hnrriblc prai :li<-e of
Uddng the neeroes from their native land.

26'

Z06 ■ -^OIIN WJXTriROr. [lf337_

r^io. 1.] While Mi-s. Hutchinson continued at Roxbury,
divers of ihe clcien^ and others reported to her, and findini>
her to persist in maintaining those gi'oss errors beforenien-
tioned, and many others, to the number of thirty or thereabout,
some of thein wrote to the church at Boston, offering to make
proof of tiic same before the church, etc., 15 ; whereupon slie
vras called, (the magistrates being desired to give her license
to come,) and thf^ lecture was nppointod to begin aL ien. (The
general court being then at Newtown, the governour and the
treasurer, being members of Boston, were permitted to come
down, but the rest of the court continued at Newtown.)
When she appeared, the errors Vv'eve read to her. The first
was, that the souls of men are mortal by generation, but, after,
made immortal by Christ's purchase. This she maintained a
long time; but at length she Vv'as so clearly convinced l)y rea-
son and scripture, and the whole church agreeing that sutficient
had bien delivered for her conviction, that she yielded she hpd
been in an error. Tiicii they proceeded to three other errors:
^,-j_^ 1. That there was no resurrection of these bodies, and
that these bodies were not united to Christ, but every per-
son united hath a nevv- body, etc. These were also clearly con-
futed, but yet she held her j| own ; [j so as the church (all but
two of her sons) agi-ecd she should be admonished, and be-
cause her sons would not agi-ee to it, thev were admonished
abo.^

Ij error Ij

^ Eating ■ttLat is in.'',.. ill.:- liLU^illo, :>u-l !;;;:y i.ic ro;oc::i:^l k if/r a:; i;onsi^n:C
than heresy, "we should easily imagine, that a construi-tion iu the mildest sense
would hivve found little dauinable erior In these opinions. It %sas Tv-ell that the
projector of such novelties ivas not branded us an atheist, or Sadduece, denying
the resun-ection and future life altogether. Controversialists easily impute to
tlie dogmas of their ojiponeats cousetpienees drawn only by the imputers, and
then lasten on the new doctrines the opprobrium of their false inferences.

Tiie doctrine of resurrection of the body, apparently of heathen origin,
though incautiously asserted in word:? by C'lu-istians of many counnunlons, I am
glad to find so early di--{)uted in Massachusetts. The materialists have indeed
tlie majority on their sivlc from a very early age of our religion, tlie Author and
Finis!)v.-r of which, in giving instruction to the poor, deemed it unnecessary to
ex])iain, what could hai-diy, in those times, l/C made ii telligiUc, — the manner
of existence in the futiu'c .state. Tliis part, of tlio creed is not taught in the

1037.] JOHN -vviXTIlPtOP. 307

Mr. Cotton pronounced the sentence of adnrionition ,;,-^
uiili great soleinnity, and with niuch zeal and detestation
of her errors and pride of spirit. The a5.<emhly eontinued till
cighl at night, and all did acknowledge the special presence of
(Jod's spirit therein ; and she Avas appointed to appear again
the ne.Kt lecture day.

AVhile the general court s;iie, there came a letter, directed
to the court, from Johii Greene^ of Providence, \\ ho, not lon^'-

scriptures. But, in Lis fli-st letter to tlie church of Corinth, xv. 3.5-51, the
greatest of the aposiles has illustrated, as far as the original and acquired ijnor-
ance of his correspondents could receive the explanation, the subject of a resur-
rection in a manner perfectly consi.>tcnt vith the refined intellectual phllo.-opliy
of the spiritualist^, i et he strongly marks the folly of the question, " How are
the dead raised, and with -what bodies do they come ? "

Hutchinson, I. 4 7c, in a note to his chap. 6, -which treats of the Indians,
quotes Koger Williams as saying, " that ^vhen he had discoursed of the crea-
tion, of the sor.l, of the danger of it, and the 6a%-ing of it, they assented; but
vihen he spake of tlu^ resurrection of the body, they cried out, We will ne\ er
believe this." On that passage Mr. Jcii'ersrin, in his margin, had made a remark
like this : " This doctrine of the resurrection of the body is, it seems, so absurd
as to stagger even th.e credulity of Indians." Having sent to "Washington, lor
the purpose of vfritVing this quotation, I find, from my friend's reply, that tiie
words -'had been most carefully scratched out icilh a pertkrnjb." To me it seems
a j)roof of more timid than useful friendship.

The future restoration of the flesh, as well as the soul, tliough asserted by
speculatis'e exponuders of our religion in the second or third age after the apos-
tles, did not becoiue a necessary symbol of faith before the middle of the fourth
ct'utury. A dignitary of the church of England, higher in learning than station,
left, to be publi-^l!',d -M'rer hi^- d'/.-a'-, '• .^n Knfjuiry when tlie Resurro.-tion of
tlie Body, or ]"L ^;.. v.;,, ih-t iiic-.-rtcd l:,<o t'-- i^uMlo Cie. d:.," London, \':<7.
AVhen the reader learns, that A. A.. Sykks was the author, ho will need no
other recommendation of this modest tract.

A profound and original philosopher, to whom revelation owes much for hi?
aid, in " The Light of Xaturc Pursued," vol. III. 42.5, oilers a striking observa-
tion, which skill clo-c this note: " As to the vulgar notion of a resurrection in
the same form and substance we carry about at present, the various wavs In
■which it has been expounded, and many difficulties raised upon them all. sutli-
ciontly declare it untenable : and the reason ordinarily given, because the bo<Iy,
being partaker in the d.^ed, ought to share in the reward, as well requires a re.-^-
nrrectiou of the sword a man murders with, or the bank note he gives to rh:iri-
tible uses; for our mind is the sole agent, and our hands are as much instru-
nients as any thlv. ; v,e li^ld in them."

^ He is, probablv, the same gentleman, cf '.'.-Iiorii much will be fjund iu our

before, had been impri.-oned and llucd, for saying that t}ic
magistrntcrf had usur])ed upon the power of Christ iu hi?
church, and had persecuted Mr. Williams and anothei, whom
they had bani:^hed for disturbing the peace by di\mlging their
opinions against the authority of the magistrates, etc. ; but
upon his submission, etc., his fine was remitted; and now, by
his letter, he retracted his former submission, and charged the
court as lie had done before. Now, because the court knew, that
divers others of Providence were of the same ill affection to
the court, and were probably suspected to be confederate in
the same lotter, the court ordered, that, if any of that planta-
tion were found within our jurisdiction, he should be brought
before one of the magistrates, and if he would not disclaim the
charge in the said letter, he should be sent home, and charged
to come no more into this jurisdictiouj upon pain of imprison-
ment and further censure.

At this court, divers of our chief military officers, wlio had
declared themselves favorers of the familistical persons and
opinions, were sent for, and being told, that the court having
*2o7 ^^"-^^ jealousy of them for the same, and therefore did desire
some Ij good || satisfaction from thean, tTiey did ingenuously
acknowledge, how they had been deceived and misled by the
pretence, which || -was j| held forth, of advancing Christ, and
debasing the creature, etc., which since they have fonnd to be
otherwise, and that their opinions and practices i| ^tended j| to dis-
11 general 11 |[ - had been !| ||'''led||

second volume, as a cLief planter of War^viek, -with Gorton and Hol.len ; ami
from whom the highly respectable family in Khr?do Island, of which -was the cel-
ebrated General Greene, derives its descent. Like most other dwellers in that
colony, he was subject to vexation from our government; for, in the Itocord of
proceedings at our court, 1 August, 1037, I observe, "^Mr. John Greene of Now
Providence, having spoken against the magistrates contemptuously, stamls
bound, in one hundred marks, to appear at the next quarter court to be held
the first Tuestlay of tlie 5th month ensuing;" and on 29th of that month he w;ii
fined £20, and tbrbid to come into this jurisdiction ou pain of fine and impris-
omnent liis religiou? opinions seem not to have attracted the wrath of heaven
to shorten his days, for he lived long in the land ; and his son of the same name
was deputy govemaur of the heterodox colony iu 1700. See Callouder, '-i^',
37, 43, 93.

1037.] -fOIIX VvLXTiniOP. 309

niibance and flv-lusions ; and so b1"i<>ed God, that had so timely
discovered their error and danger io them.

At this court, a committee was appointed, of some magis-
trates, some ministers, and some others, to compile a body of
fundamental laws.

Also the elders (who had been requested to deliver their
judgments concerning the law of adultery, about which three
had been kept long in prison) returned their answer, with the
reasons thereof, to this effect : That, if the law had been suffi-
ciently published, they ought to be put to death. Whereupon
the court, considering that there had been some 1| defect ||
in that point, and especially for that it had been oft questioned
amoijg the deputies and others, whether that law were of force .
or not, being made by the court of assistants by allowance of
the general coiut ; Therefore it was thought safest, that these
three persons should be whipped aud banished ;^ and the law-
was confirmed and published.

The Castle Island being found to be very chargeable to
maintain the garrison there, and of little use, but only to have
some command of ships, which should come hither with pas-
sengers, etc., there was a committee appointed to dispose of the
ammunition there, etc.^

22.] JNIrs. Hutchinson appeared again ; (she had been licens-
ed by the court, in regard she hud given hope of her repentance,
to be at Mr. Cotton'., house, that both he and Mj-. Davenport
might have the more opportunity to deal with her;) and the
articles beini: ;i:^iin rend io hrr, and her nn^^wcc required, she
delivered it in writing, wherein ^he made a retractation of near
al!, but with such explanations and circumstances as gave no
satisfaction to the church; so as she was required to speak
further to them. Then she declared, that it was just with God
11 dispute [j

^ On pain of death for returninjjr, tlie Co'ony Record has it.

'^ The rate levied by this court, of £1500, sho\Y3 a considerable variance t'lr.in
the proportions in AuL'uft preceding: — Boston, £23o.lO; Ipswich, £ISi>;
S.ilem, £172.10; Di-.-h.'ster, £llO; Ch:iriestcwn, £i;5S; Koxbury. £11.-);
"Watortown, £110; >.". %\ town, £ iO'; ; Lynn, £lu5; Xevvlniry, £'3; ^b'dlonl,
£52.10; Ilinghaiu, £30; Weymouth, £-27 ; and Mr. Tlieophihis Iviton, i! 20.

310 JOii:s ■\vi:s-Tiiiiop. [1637.

^-o ^'■- leave her to herself, as he had done, for her slighting
his ordinances, both magistracy and ministry ; and con-
fessed that what she had spoken against the magistrates at the
court (hi,' way of revelation) was rush and ungrounded; and
desired tlr,' chiurch to pray for her. This gave the cluuch good
hope of her repentance ; but when she was examined about
some particulars, as that she had denied inherent righteousness,
etc., she afiirmed thax it was never her judgment ; and though
it vras proved by many testimonies, that she had been of that
judgment, and so had persisted, and maintained it by argument
against divers, yet she impudently persisted in her afnrmation,
to the astonishment of all the assembly. So that, after much
time and many argmnents had been spent to bring her to see
her sin, but all in vain, the church, with one consent, cast her
out. Some moved to have her admonished once moie ; but, it
being for manifest evil in matter of conversation, it was agreed
otherwise ; and for that reason also the sentence was denounced
by tlie pasior, matter of manners belonging proper]}^ to his
place.

After she was excommunicated, her spirits, which seemed
before to be somewhat dejected, revived again, and she gloried
in her sufl't rings, saving, that it was tlse greatest hap[)iness, next
to Christ, ihat ever befel her.^ Lideed, it was a happy day to

1 V/okIc, on lii^ last pagv, calls her the ^Vjaerican Jezal>el, and 13 surprised,
in the simplicity of his bi;:rotry, at her hardness of heart in slighting the excom-
munication, '-as she is not atTected wth any remorsC; but glories in it. ?nd fears
not the veiigc'ince of God, -which she lies uudcr ; as if Cod did v.. .'. coutrary
to his own Avord, and loosed from heaven what liis church had bound upon
earth." The sober ston,'-teller, -who thus " played the God an engine on liis
foe," close? his book with the^e appropriate remarks. See my note beginning on
page 2 ID. But the blood of lius Jezabel — the reader ■will see the propriety of
this hard name, when, in a very few years, she and most of her family were
murdered by the Indians near Long Island, as the author of Itise, Ecign, and
rtuin exultiugly relates — the blood of this Jezabcl, besides being licked by the
dogs, W.-1-, in two generations, mixed, by intermarriage, with the more orthodox
1X0)0 of Thomas "Welde. His grandson, of the s;mie name, first pastor of the
church of Dupstable, gathered 16 December, 1GS5, took to wile a great grand-
daugluer of this same outcast from heaven and the church of Boston. The sni
of the j!rogcn^ti>r was, I }>r.~unu\ fxhausti-d by .subdivision, or noulrahzcd by
admixture; for their son, Uabijcih S. "Weld", ^^■:ls minister of Attlcborough. See
Alden's Collection of Ejuiapl's I. 110, with III. 41.

K>3S.] JOIiy ^MXTHROP. 3JJ

the churclie? of Christ liore, a;id to many poor souls, who h:id
been seduced by her, who, by what they lieard and saw that
day, were (tlirough the grar-e of God) brought otf quiie from
lier errors, and settled again in the truth.

At this time tlie good providence of God so disposed, divers
of the congregation (being the chief men of the party, her hus-
band being one) were gone io Naragansett to seek out a ^^-^^
new plac" for ])lantation, ar.d talcing liking of one in Pli-
mouth patent, they went tln'ther to have it granted them ; but
the magistrates there, knowing their spirit, gave them a denial,
but consented they might buy of the Indians an island in the
Naragansett Bay.^

After two or three days, the governour sent a warrant to Mrs.
Hutchinson to depart this jurisdiction before the last of this
month, according to th-.' ooler of court, and for that end set her
at liberty from her former constraint, so as she was not to go
fortii of her own house till her departure ; and upon the 2Sth
she went Uy -water to her farm at the Mount, where site
was to take water, with ?d.r. Wheelwright's wife and family,
to go to Pascataquack; but she changed her mind, and went
by land to Providence, and so to the island in the Naragansett.
Bay, which her husband and the rest of that sect had purchased
of the Indians, and prepared \\dth all s}>eed to remove unto.
For the court had ordered, that, except they were gone with
their famili-s by such a time, they should bo summoned to the
general court, etc.

30.] J\Tr. Davenport nnrj JMr. Prudden,- and a brother of jNTr.

1 The (Itninl was m^ttter of inference, for the adventurors -wrere resoh-eJ to go
free of Plimovith as vreU. as M-is»;achuftiLts; and the conye»< vias the a^lvlce of
equals, not ilic dictate of superiors. See Callender, SO, who iuforms u>, tliat
these purchasers of Ilhode Lslaml formed their civil compact 7 March, and that
tlie cession by the Indian sachems -was of the 2-ith of same month. As twelve of
these eighteen a?sociates were menibei-s of the church of lioston, the adv.iuta„'e
taken of their absence, by "the good proAidence of God," would be thoi.gat. in
a day of less ferment, either disatlvantageous to a cause, or dishonorable t'- it^
supporters.

- I'eter Fniddcn, who was fIr-L minister of Miliord, Conn., was useful in hi.^
place, and of liii^h esteem in the colony of New Ilav^n, but nothing mun- cm be
learned of him ihau Dr. Iruml.:!!, I. 21'', supplying in pnrt the dilicienry vl
Miither, has tolJ.

312 JOHN WTNTHROP. [1G38.

Eaton, (being ministers also,) went by water to Quinepiack;
and witli tii'.iii many fainilies removed out of this jurisdiction
to plant in tho.-«e parts, being much taken wi'li the opinion of
the ffniifnliiess of that place, and more safety (as they con-
ceived) ffoiri danger of a general governour, who was feared to
be sent this summer; which, though it were a great weakening
to these paris, yet we expected to see a good providence of God
in it, (for all possible means had been used to accommodate
them here ; Charlestown offered them largely, Newbury their
whole town, the court any place which was free,) both for pos-
sessing those parts which lay open for an enemy, and for
strengthening our friends at Connecticut, and for making room
*'2C0 ^'^"^ ^*^^ "^3-ny, ^vho were expected out of England this
yecti, and for diverting the thoughts and intentions of such
in England as intended evil against its, whose designs might
be frusirate by our scatterings so far ; and such as were now
gone that way were as much in the eye of the state of England
as we here.^

There can^e letters from Connecticut to the governom- of the
Massachusetts, to desire advice from the magistrates and elders
liere about Sequin and the Indians of the river, who had, un-
derhand, (as was conceived,) procured the Pequods to do that
II onslaught || at Weathersfield the last year. The case fell out
to be this: Sequin gave the English land there, upon || -con-
tractu ^^^^^^ ^''-' n'ligl^'^ ^It down by them, and be protected, etc.
When he came to Weathersfield, and had set down his wigwam,
they drave liim away by force. Whereupon, he not b<'ing of
strength to rt-pi-ir thi- injiiir^ by open force, he seeieily draws
in the Pequods. Such of the magistrates and elders as could
meet on the sudden returned .this answer, viz. : That, if the
cause were thus, Sequin might, upon this injury first otYered by
!i bknk II Ij - Counectic ut ||

^ An excellent letter of Davenport and Gov. Eaton, the fathers of Xew Havea
colony, giving the reasons of their removal, may be seen in the Appendix. It
"vvas copied by rsie fixmi the original, in the hcuid-writing of the fin?t signer; and
is reprinted in 3 ^Fais. Hist. Coll. III. loo-T, with a very elaborate error of date.
See ruy refereiK-e in the pref ice, and correction of the miitake, eight years
before it waa comiuitted.

1G3S.] JOIIN WIXTPITvOP. 3tfj

tbeni, right himself either by force or fraud, and that by rhe
l;i\v' of nations; and though the damage he had done them liad
been one hundred times more than what he sustained from them,
that is not considerable in point of a just war ; neither v/as he
bound (upon such an open act of hostility publicly maintained)
to seek satisfaction first in a ])eaceable way ; it was enouo-h
that he had complained of it as an injury and breach of cove-
nant. According +o this advice, tliey proceeded and made a
new agTeement with the Indians of the river.

Another plaatarion was now in hand at Mattakeese,^ six
miles beyond Sandwich. The undertaker of this was one Mr.
3>atchellor, late pastor at Sagus, (since called Lynn,) being
about seventy-sLx: years of age ; yet he walked thither on foot
in a very hard season.

JTc and his company, being all poor men, finding the diffi-
culty, gave it over, and others undertook it.

L'7.] The Indians of Block Island sent three men with ,,^p.
ten fathom of wompom for part of their tribute.

The wife- of one WiUiam Dyer, a milliner in the New Ex-
change, a very ijpropejjl and fair woman, and both of them
notoriously hjfecrec' with JNIrs. Hutchinson's eiTors, and very
censorious and troublesome, (she being of a very proud spiiit,
and much addicted to revelations,) had been delivered of [a]
child some pfowjl months before, ^October 17, § and the child
buried, (being stillborn,) and viewed of none but Mrs. Hutch-
inson and the midwife, one Hawkins's wife, a rank familist
llprompll li-fo-r||

1 "Now Yai-month." is written lu tlie margin. Of that town a collection of
Jleniorai'ilia is (-otitiuntd in 1 Ilist. Coll. Y. 54-60. Some correction of a
slight error in that tract vil] be found in a note on Marniaduke IMatthews.

- Her name was ]\Lary. She had been, with her huiband, admitted of Bos-
ton church 13 December, 1G35. After long cujo^-ing her revelations, in quiet,
at Filio.le Island, she was unhappily led, about twenty-one years later, ag;xin to
vl^lt P.oston, probably bringing more light, when she was condemned to death
as a Quaker. Winthrop, govcrnour of Connecticut, our authors eldest son,
inheriting the natural mildness of his father, attempted to save her life; b\it the
big(,trj- of the age had acquired a severer charactiir, and. for a second return,
in June, 1660, she suHered. See Hutchinson, I. 184. Yet her son, at tliat
very tune, held nn inq)ort:.uit ofilee i:i the neighboiitig culouy. The iutiuinoo
of such cruelty could not be favorable.

VOL. I. 27

314 JOHN ^^nxTTlRo^. [1033.

also ; and another wninan had a gliiapsc of it, who, not bcin<T
able to keep coan=.el, as the other two did, some rumor be-
gan to spread, that the child was a monster. One of the
elders, hearing of it, asked Mrs. Hutchinson, when she was
ready to depart ; wht^icupon she told him how it was, and said
she meant to have it chronicled, but excused her concealing of
it till then, (by advice, as she said, of Mr. Cotton,) which
comimi to tlie gov<'rnoiu's knowledge, he called anotlier of the
magistrates and tl-,at eldt'T, and sent for the midwife, and exam-
ined her about it. At first she confessed only, that the head
was defective and misplaced, but being told that Mrs. Hutchin-
inson had || revealed !| all, and that he intended to have it taken
up and viewed, she made this report of it, viz. : It was a woman
child, stillborn, about two months before the just time, having
life a few hours before ; it came hiplings till she tnmed it.; jt
was of ordinary bigness; it had a face, but no head, and the
ears stood ujion tlie shoulders and were like an ape's ; it had
no forehead, but over the eyes four horns, hard and sharp;
two of them w^ere above one inch long, the other two shorter;
the eyes standing out, and the mouth also ; the nose hooked up-
ward ; all over the breast and back full of sharp pricks and
scales, like a thornback; the navel and all the belly, with the
distinction of the sex, were where the back should be, and the
back and hips before, where the belly should have bei'U : be-
«p,-.) hind, between the .--'louldcrs, it had two mouths, and in
each of them a piece of red flesh sticking out; it had
arms and !<-^s as oih( r cliil'h.a , bni, Jastead of toes, i( had on
each foot three claws, like a young fowl, with sharp talons.-^
-'■ • .•■' ■'-■■■•• ■ !|reoaI!ed|l • ' ' '' " ■''

i Froui tliis disgusting s.tor\- wo are audiomed by Welde to derive profit,
less indeed lor doctrine than tor reproof. In liis preface he favors us with the
means of deliverance from the antinomian heresy, — preaching, conlerences, the
synoil, the exertions of the magistrate's in distranchising, fining, or bani.-hing
the dohjiied, and, lastly, the misfortunes of Isln. Dyer and Mrs. Ilutchins^in.
He thus relates the ultimate cause of success: —

" Then Grxl himself was pleased to step in with his casting voice, and bring
in his o-A-n vote ond siitlVage from Heaven, by testifyinir his displeasure against
tlieir opinions and practioe?. as clearly a-s if he ha<i pointed with his finger, iu
causing the t%vo fomenting %,uu;on, iii lLc tiaie of the height of tLo opini.'ns, to

IGuS.j JOHN WlXT/IROr. 315

The governour sneaking with Mr. Cotton about it, ho told
him tlie reason why he advised them to conceal it: 1, Be-
cause he saw^ a providence of God in it, that the rest of the wo-
men, which were coming and going in the time of her ti-avail,
should then be absent. 2. He considered, that, if it had been
his own case, he should have desired to have had it concealed.
3. He had known other monstrous births, which had been con-
cealed, and that he thought God might intend only the instrnc-
tion of the parents, and such other to whom it was jj knowa, ||
etc. The like apology he made for himself in public, which
was well accepted.^

(2.)] The governour, with advice of some other of the ».-,po
magiotraies and of the elders of Boston, caused the said
monster to be taken up, and though it were much corrupted,
yet most of those things were to be seen, as the horns and
!1 shown Ij

produce out of theii- womb?, as before they bad out of their brains, such mon-
strous births, as no cLrouicle (I think) hardly ever recorded the like." He after
asserts, " He that runs may read their sin in these judgments."

This " suilrage from heaven " ir, introduced' in the wrong plane, br TTclde,
unskilfully, as proxy or attorney of the I\Iost lligli, such is the character he
claims ; for it appears by the text, that Mrs. Dyer's premature delivery was be-
tween the time of the synod and that of the general court, possibly occasioned
by the result of the former and the expectation of the latter.

Another New England di\-ine, of purer spirit; as of greater mimo, has left a
sermon, to which we may often turn for refreshment, when sickened M-ith these
uncharitable denunciations. See Buckminster, Last of vol. I. In the foul rec-
ords of ecclesiastical history, cue i-s ftc^iiicntly hocked with ^}i-:e(noncs of the
anger of Providence, asserted witli high.:!' piesumpti'ju aad (l;.nH.ine-=3 than
even by the Tcmanite in his questions to iiis afllicted fi-iend : " Kemember, I
pray thee, who ever perished, being innortur ;> Or where were the righteous
cut otT.-' " This detestable s|»irit belongs not to any particular communion; and
that church, which must repro:ich itself with fewest instances, may still have
eaough to regret. On occasion uf the sudden death of Jovian, Cardinal Baro-
ums, "as being one of the privy council of Heaven, deckres, that this emperor
■«vas taken out of the world by a divine judgment, because he had made a de-
cent funeral for his predecessor Julian." Jortin's Eccl. Hist.

^ Apology to Cotton ought to have been made for the iucpiiry, rather tluaa
l»y hun fur the concealment, if the suspicion, under which lie lay, had been
C'sitcrtained by a people le=s jealous for the honor of God, and Ifss careful to
vindicate it, as Lliey .-^apposed, by a.-cribing to his displeasure ihe cr^.-^s accident.--,
that befel their opponents.

316 JOIPs V/INTHROP. [1(338.

claws, the scales, etc. Vv^hen it died in tlie mother's body,
(whicli was a'oout two hours before the birth,) the bed whereon
the mother lay did shake, and wdthal there was such a noi-
some savor, as most of tlje women were taken with § extreme
vomiting and purging, so as they were forced to depart; and
others of ihcm their children were taken with§ convulsions,
(which they never had before nor after.) and so were sent for
home, so us by these occasions it came to be concealed.^

Another thing observable was, the discovery of it, which
was just when ]\Irs. Ilnfchinson was cast out of the church.
For Mrs. Dyer going forth with her, a stranger asked, what
young woman it was. The others answered, it was tlie woman
which had the monster ; which gave the fu-st occasion to some
that heard it to speak of it. The midvvdfe, presently after this
discovery," went out of the jm-isdiction ; and indeed it was tirac
for her to be gone, for it was known, that she used to give
yomig women oil of maridrakes and other stuff to cause con-
ception ; and she grew into great suspicion to be a witch, for it
was credibly reported, that, v.dien she gave any medicines, (for
she practised physic,) she would ask the j| party, || if she did
believe, s]:e could help her, etc.^

IJ patient ]|

With pood conscience, v, e nir-.y concede, ti'.aL llie Governour acted in this
nauseous inquisition ; yet if goo<i ta?te had been allo-R-ed to stifle the conscience,
■we should liave thoufrht better of the niadstrate.

- Slie did J'iOt p-o voUini.';I!y, ;i ■ i.y ili,- loxt we misfit be led to ini'"r; for niir
Colony' llec. I. *il9, looks very jnucli like banishniLrit : '"Jane iiaukins, the
wife of liichard Hawkins, had liberty till the beglnuidg of the'thinl month,
called ^lay, and the magistrates (it" vshe did not dej>art before) to dispose of
her; and, in the mean time, she is not to meddle in surgery or physic, drink,
plaisters, or oils, nor to question matters of religion, except v.ith the elders for
satisfaction." I suppose her oil of antinomlanism -vvas more dreaded tlan her
oil of mandrakes.

lliiT -^ suspicion to he a witch," is elegantly expanded, in the Short J^tory of
AVelde, to " notorious for familiarity with the devil;" and I am very ?ony to
remark, tliat Wiuthrop himself, at a later period, Ifi-lO, gives countenance to
the same absui-diry. Such Inler'.'oiu-se, however, was not made capital I'or sev-
eral years, or "Weldc might then have enjoyed, as suspicion of sucli a crime i?
hardly less than full proof, the delicdit iTujmtcd to some of his brethren of the
clergy, two generations after, in the dohision of 1692.

1G3S.] JOHN WIXTHROP. 317

Another ob:-erva.ble pa;?sage wn?, that the fcithcr of thio mon-
ster, coming home at this very time, was, the next Lord's d;iy,
§by an unexpected providence, § questioned in the church for di-
vers monstrous eiTors, as for denying all inherent right- ,.-,pj
eousness, etc., which he maintained, and was for the
pame admonished.

12.] A general fast was k»'pt through nil the churches, by
advice from tl;e court., for seeking the Lord to ])revent evil, that
we ftr-ared to be intended against us from England by a general
governour ; for the safe arrival of our friends from thence, (very
many being expected;) and for establishment of peace and
truth amongst us.

2L] O .vramekin, the sachem of Acooemeck, on this side
Connecticut, came to the governour and brought a present of
eighteen skills of beaver from Llit.self and the sachems of ^Mo-
hegan beyond Coimeeticut and Pakontuckett. The occasion
was, (as he said,) it was reported, that we were angry with
him, and intended to war upon them ; so they came to seek
peace. The governour received the present, and (having none
of tlie other magistrates at hand to advise with) answered
them, that if they had done no wrong to the English, nor aided
our enemies, we would be at peace with them ; and accordingly
signified so much to the magistrates at Conneeticat. They
took this answer well, and deparied with the lettf^r.

2o.] This was a very hard v.dnter. The snow lay, from
November 4th to :\Iarch 23d, |! half a j] yard deep about the
Massachusetts, an<\ a yard dcvp l)"yond ^.icrrlniack, and so
the more norili the deeper, and the spring was very backward.
This day it did snow two horjrs together, (aff^r much rain
from X. E.) with flakes as great as shillings. This was in the
year 1637.^

• §24.] The governour and deputy went to Concord to view
some land for farms, and, going down the river about four
miles, they made choice of a place for one thousand acres for
each of them. They oflered each other the first choice, but
II one ana an balf|[

^ Tlie w-riter mL-aiit. probably, tJuit the Ion-- wnnter wa-; tliaf '.f 1C."7 ; arul th-!
two Lours falling cf the great fkkcs of stiov. occurred on 23 April lollowln^-
27'

818 ■ JOHX WLvrimor. [163Sj.

because the deputy's was first granted, and liimself had store
of land ahready, the governonr yielded him the clioice. So, at
the place where the deputy's land was to begin, there were
two great stones, which they called the Two Brothers, in re-
membrance that they were brothers by their children's mor-
ringe, and did so brotherly agree, and for that a little creek
near thor^e stones was to part their lands. At the court in the
4th moiiTh after, two hundred acres w^ere added to the govern-
ours part.§^

*9Cn ^^"l ^^'■* Coddington (who had been an assistant from
the first coming over of the |j government, |] being, with his
wife, taken with the familistical opinions) removed to xlquiday
Island in the Naragansett Bay.

(3.) 2.] At the court of elections, the former governour, John
Winthrop, was chosen again. The same day, at night, he was
taken with a sharp fever, which brought him near deatli; but
many prayers were put up to the Lord for him, and he was re-
stored again after one month.

This court the name of Newi:own was altered, and it was
called Cambridge.-

The spring was so cold, that men were forced to |] -plant |j
their corn two or three times, for it rotted in the ground; but,
wht;n we feared a great dearth, God sent a warm season, which
brought on corn beyond expectation.

(I.) 1.] Between three and four in tlie afternoon, being
clear, warm weather, the wind westerly, there was a great
earthquake. It caioe witii a noise like a cojiiinui'd thunder or
ijgov'ernuui'ii ||- replant |j

^ This paragraph is marked by a line do^'.■n the margin, and " Tins may bn
left out" -writtt'n in the same hand. I prefer to disregard the author's modesty,
for the anecdote is interesting, and derives importance from the act of the gen-
eral court, adopting the name of the i-ocf^s given by the grantees on their selec-
tion of these lands. See Col. Ilec. T. 222.

- In compliment to the j)lace, where so many of the cl^-il and clerical fa-
thers of New England had received their education, this venerable name (may
it ever .be preserved 1) was undoubtedly bestowed. There were probably, at
tlvat time, forty or fifty sons of the University of Cambridge in Old England. —
one tor every two hundred or two hundicd and lU'ty inhabitants, — dwelling
in the few -villages o( 2vla>,-achu.-'etts ami Connecticut. Th'; sous of Oxibrd
were not few.

1G>'^.] JOIL\ WJXXnEOP. 319

the rattiir;g of coach''.- in London, ])at was preseiifly gone. Ir
was at Connecticut, at Naragansett, at Pascafaquack, and all
the parts round about. It shook the ships, which rode in the
liarbor, and all the islands, etc. The noise and the shakings
co/itiiiued about four minutes. The earth was unquiet twenty
days aiTcr, by times,-^

5.] Unkus, alias Okoco, the Monahegan sachem in the twist
of Peqnod River, came to Boston with thirty-seven men. He
came from Connecticut with Mr. Ilaynes, and tendered the
govcrnour a present of twenty fatliom of wampom. This was
at the court, and it was thought fit by the council to refuse it,
till he had given satisfaction about the Pequods he kept, etc.
Upon till.- he was much dejected, and made account we would
have killed him; but, two days after, having received good sat-
isfaction of his innocency, etc., and he promising to sub- ».-)p,,
mit to the order of the English touching the Pequods he
liad, and the differences between the Naragansetts and him, we
acccj)ted Ids present. And, about half an hour after, he came
to the govcrnour, and entertained him with these compliments:
This heart (laying his hand upon his breast) is not mine, but
yours; I have no men; they are all yours; command me any
ditFicult thing, I will do it; I will not believe any Indians'
words against the English ; if any man shall kill an English-
man, I will ptit him to death, w^re he never so dear to me. So
the g( vernour gave him a fair, red coat, and defrayed his and
his men's |j diet, || and gave them corn to relieve them home-
ward, and ;■, letter of pro'.cetion to all men, <'tc., and I'c de})art-
ed very joyful.

?dany ships andved this year, with people of good quality

and estate, notwithstanding the council's order, that none

§sueh§ should come without th(^ king's license ; but God so

^\Tought, that some obtained §licer5se,§ and others came away

II duel!

^ Johii?on, lib. IT. c. 12, gives very unsatisfactory accounts of tills eartliquaiv»\
He Avas more engaged in the shaking of the people out of their antinoni'anisra,
in vfhieh those of Ids party went, perlvaps, as Jar from propriety as the othera
frc>ni trutli. Morton, iu Lis Meniorial, is n^ore particular; yet it is evidt-nt his
pen was not so careful as modern accuracy requires, for he say-, 'Uibout the
second of June."

3-20 JOIiM WINTilROP. M|33g

witlionr.i Tjio troubles which arose in Scothiiid about tlie book
of common prayer, and the canons, which the king would have
forced u]ion the Scotch churches, did so take up the king and
council, that they had neither heart nor leisure to look"^ after
the an-.ir.- of New England; yet, upon report of the many
thousands, which were preparing to come away, the arch-
bishops caused all the ships to be stayed. But, upon the
petition of the masters, and suggestion of the great || damage |j
It would be to the commonwealth in hindering the Newfound-
land trade, which brought in much money, etc., they were pres-
ently released. And in this and other passages it plainly ap-
peared, that near all the lords of the council did favor this plan-
tation ; and all the officers of the custom house were very ready
to further it, for they never made search [j 2for|| any goods, etc.,
but let men bring what they would, without question or control!
For Unsure the Lord awed their hearts, and || they and others
(who savoured not religion) were amazed to see men of all
conditions, rich and poor, ser\^ants and others, offering them-
selves so readily for New England, when, for furnishing of
other plantations, they were forced to send about their stalls,
and when they had gotten any, they were forced to keep them
as prisoners from running away.

^ Mo. (G.) -3.] Tn the night w-as a very great tempest or
hirncano at S. \V. which drave a ship on ground at Charles-
town, and brake down the windmill there, and did much other
harm. It flowed twice in six hours, and about Naragnnsett it
'z67 ^■'"'■~^^'^- ^^1^' ■^'--^^ fourteen or fificen foot a])o\!> i!i.? frdinary
spring tides, upright.'^

Janemoh, the sachem of Niantick, had gone to Long Lland
11 J'^nger II II - of ij !| ^^ since tlie LonJs avowed their party, etc. ||

The numW of the ships, anJ of the pa5.^en-crs hrought this suin.Mer, will
be seen two jiagos onward. 3[uch m!-apprehensIoa has arisen ou this subject
It has been suppoced, that the-oider In Council, for which see RnshAvorth, un-
der date of 6 April, 1638, or in the abridged ed. vol. II. 406, was executed
according to Its import, and for that mistake, above Is suthclent expIm,atIon.
Neal, who Is too often only the conduit of JIather, in vol. I. 168 of liIs History
of N. K. rell. s on Magn. for his passengers detained, and enlarges llie number
I have sho^vn the value of such a tradition in note on p. 1 72 fbre-oii,;:.

Our storms in August are often the most violent of any in the year.

1(>:3S.] JOHN >\7XTiIR0P. 321

anl rifled sornr^ of t})0?e Indi;:iiP, v/Iiich were tributaries to us.
The sachem complained to our friends of Connecticut, wlio
wrote us about it, and sent Capt. INIason, wi'Lii seven men, to
require satisfaction. The governour of the jNIassacluisctts
wrote also to Mr. AMLliams to treat with Miantunnomoh about
satisfaction, or otherwise to bid them look for war.

Upon this Janemoh went to Connecticut, and made his
peace, and gave full satisfaction for all injuries.

Two ships, which came over this year much pestered, lost
many passengers, and some principal men, and many fell sick
after they were landed, and many of them died.^

Four servants of Plimouth ran from their masters, and, com-
ii.- lO rrovideiK'C, they killed an Indian. He escaped, after he
was deadly wounded in the belly, and gat to other Indi-ans.
So, being di^rcovered, ihey lied and v,ere taken at the Me Acpu-
day. ]Mr. AVilliams gave notice to the governoitr of Massachu-
setts, and desired advice. He returned answer, that, seeing
they were of Plimouth, they should certify Plimouth of them,
and, if they would send for them, to deliver them ; othenvisc,
seeing no English had jurisdiction in the place where the mur-
der was committed, neither had they at the Island any |] govern-
ment II established, ii would be safest to deliver the principal,
who was certainly known to have killed the party, to the
Indians his friends, ^^"ith caution that they shouJd not put
II governour ij

^ One- of the sliip; ;;o ]i:s.'ercu wa^ p.-.)0.ibiy iLe ^Nicli^ikt^, of LiMi'l.;.!.. of ;>00
tons, chartered b ■ EdwanlTyng, arri- ing at Boston 3 July, in -whii.-li came -Tolin
Josselyn, gentleuiau ; for five of the passengers died on board. His bonk is a
curiosity, sometimes Trorth examining, but seldom to be implicitly relii-d on.
"Wlierc he speaks, page 20, of Boston as a village of'- not above twenty or thirty
houses," I susjiect the light-hand cipher was lost from his manuscript, or memory ;
for he printed thirty-six years after. The poi)ulacion certainly required tenfold
the number of dwellings reported ; and, in this eighth year of the town, tl;o log
huts, that he nd^ht scorn to honor with the nanse of houses, were very tew.

Another of the pestered ships probably was the ^Lu-tin. coming nearly at the
same time with tlie Nicholas. I know, at least, that the nuncupative will i>[
Sylvt'ster BaMwin, on^i of her jiasscntrers, who died on the ocean, 'v^as proved
1'^ July of th:.^ }oai-, by Chad I'.rown. anJ other fcllow-j;:assengers, before Dcp.
Gov. Dudley. His wii'e and chiklica are. named.

'&2-2 JOITS WLVTHROP. [IG:^-^.

him to lodiire. find to keep tho other three to farther consider-
ation.^

«.-),.Q Alter thi:^, Piiniouth men sent for them, (but one had
• escaped,) p.nd the governour there \\Tote to tiie governonr
here for advice, esp,"r-ially" for that he heard they intended tc»
appeal into England. The governour returned answer of
encouragement to proceed notwithstanding, seeing no appeal
did lie, for that they coald not be tried in England, and that the
whole country here were interested in the case, and would
expt'ct to II have j] justice done. Whereupon they proceeded as
appears after.

Many of Boston and others, who were of Mrs. Hutchinson's
judgment and party, removed to the Isle of Aquiday; and
II -others,!! who were of the rigid separation, and savored ana-
baptism, removed to Providence, so as those parts began to be
•well peopled.

[Large blank.]

There came over this summer twenty ships, and at least
11* three thousand || - persons, so as they were forced to look out

!|jee| II -many II li^ three hundred |j

^ A dinctly opposite course of political HiOtives is a?s!2:ned by Morton. In
the Pliinouth secretaiy's Memorial, our author's advice vras not given because
the eriuiinals belonged to Pliinouth, nor because the English had not jurisdiction
■vvhorc the nuirdtr was caninitted, nor because they of Rhode Islaud werer "with-
out any government ; but " tl;e Massachusetts refused this trial, as being coin-
mittod in the jurisdiction of Pliinouth, and they of Pthode Jsbnd. Laving appre-
heii'.lod th'-'in, di,'!ivi^n'd t'l ■!•> t"-' t'ne a^TCsnid jurisdiction i,-.' Pii'muth ori '■'■■
same groundn." Both writers evidently desire to depreciate the new schismatic
colony, or colonies, if Providence-and Pthode Island be counted two. Winthrop,
however, -would not deny their indej)endenco. In 3 Hist. Coll. I. 171-173, is a
very full account, in the original letter of "Williams, of all the circumstances of
this aggnivated anil cowardly murder.

- Ih: Tloluii-s, Ann. I. .003, of first edition, followed the Webster te.\t witbouL
scruple, though his excellent judgment must have observed the probability ot
error in this number, since the governour Immed'.ately adds, all the established
plantati^.ns would not afTord room for so many passengei-s. In the ship wish
Jos^ebni were one hundred and sixty-four; and if the others were as fall, tlio
corrected reading of our author, which is plam enough in his ^LS., is within the
llmit.s. In the Dilig-nt ^.^i' Ipsm'ch, John ^[arlin master, arriving at Boston D
August, ^v•^•l•e one haudieil and tliirty-five, a.mong M'hom was Pev. Pobert Pcck,
of Old Iliugham, as .sa\s Daniel Cushing, who, with his father, v.'as of the

:IG3S.] JOHN WINTHL-Or. 323

nw plantafion?. One was begun at Merrimack, and anotlier

four or five miles above Concord, and another at Winieoweti.

[Large blank.]

The three prisoners, being bronght to Plimouth, and there
examined, did all confess the murder, and that they did it to
get his wampom, etc. ; but all the question was about the death
of the Indian, for no man could witness that he saw him dead.
But Mr. Williams and iMi-. James ^ of Providence made oath,
that his wound was mortal, etc. ■ At last two Indian.-, who,
with iTiuch difficulty, were jDrocured to come to the trial, (i'or
they still feared that the English were conspired to kill all the
Indians,) made oath after this manner, viz. : that if he were *.-, ,^
not dead of that wound, then they would suffer deatli. "
Upon this they three were condemned and executed. Two of
them dud v-ry ponitcniiy, especially Arrhur Peach, a young
man of good parentage and fair conditioned, and who had done
very good service again-t the Pequods.-

The fourth escaped to Pascataquack. ■ The governour sent
after him, but those of Pascataquack conveyed him away, and
openly withstood his apprehension. It was their usual manner
(some of them) to coumenance, etc., all such lewd persons as
fled from us to them.

(7.) The general court \vas assembled, in whicli it was
agreed, that, whereas a very strict order was sent from the
lords commissioners for plantations for the sending home our
patent, upon pretence that judgment had passed against it upon
a quo wav.anto, a letter ••■•-,;7;-;!d be v^•ri:le^ ])\- the goveniour, in

number. Tiio Bevis of Ilamptun, of only 150 tnni, in which Richard Diunnier,
this year, bvoLiglit Lis fiimily, haJ sixty-one passenger:^ entered at the Suiithainp-
ton custoni-hon.~e ; and possibly a few others came without license. Hubbard,
2-12, wlten transcribing from this part of Wiuthrop, seems to have been atVaid to
ntmiber either the ships or the passengers. He often avoids the mu^: vaht;.blc
incidents of his story.

1 I kno^v nothing more of this gomleman than "Will'ams, in his letter, " Hi-U
Coll. L 172, mentions of his lunnane endeavors for the sutlerer ; and in anotlu-r
letter in M.^., early In 1G40, he notiees his n^turn froni England, v^nh a full
cargo of goods, which were saved fr..m the wreck of the vessel on Hh.;df I.-land.

2 He onni > a fcv years bef.ro, from ^'irg^nia. O.jie oftlic men executed was
iTiomas Jacksou ; the other, John Barne.H.

324 Joifx ^.YiNTimor. [163S.

the narno of 1he court, to excuse our not sending of it ; for it
A\as iTsols'ed lo be be- ■•( v\Oi to >cnd ir. because then such of our
friends ami others iji Miighind would conceive it to he ?urreu-
dered, and thtit thereupon we should be bound to reci.-ive such
a govcnioiu- and such oi<.lers as should be sent to us, and many
bud njinds, yea, and soine Vscak ones, among ourselves, would
think it hnvfid, if not ncce.-sary, to accept a general governour.
The copy of tl;e letter i.. reserved, etc., in form of a [;etiiion.
See the aft<-r foh 74.^

At this eourt a huv was made about such as should continue
excommunicated six monih.s, and for pubhc thankgiving for
the arrivLil ttf the ships, and for the coming on of harvest beyond
cxpectalion, etc. This lavv^ was after repealed.^

At this court, also, Cajit. Underhiil (being about to remove
to Mr. AY(H:'eIu'riii:ht) peiirioned for three hundred acres of land
promised him formerly ; by occasion whereof he was questioned
about some speeches he had used in the ship lately, iii his re-
turn out of England, vi;;., that he should say, that we were
zealous here, as the Scribes and Pharisees were, and as Paul
was before his conversion, etc., which he denying, they were
*o'-n i'^'-"''^'^'^ ^^ ^""^^ ^'"•^'^ ^y ^ sober, godly woman, whom he had
seduced in the ship, and || drawn || to his opinions, (but
she was afier freed again). Among other passages, he told her
how he came to his assurance, and that was thus : He had lain
under a s{)iri! of bondage and a legal way five years, and could
get no assurance, till at length, as he was taking a pi])C of to-
bacco, the Spirit set iisrrne an ahsolnre pvoinise of l""'-.' othcc
with >U'A\ :<. ':\rMicc .ii>d jo ~ , ao he n.-\ev sluvo doubltxl (>f his
good estate, neither should he, though he should fall into sin.
He would not confess nor deny this, but took exceptions at the
court for crt^diting one witness against him, etc., and A\'ithal
II drew 11

^ The reference is to the pago of the governour's MS., where, unluckily, the
letter coulil not be found, nor In any other place.

- A rate of £ 4 00 was levied by this court in the following projioitions : —
Boston, .i:.'j7.1).0: Ipsvdeh, .£4i';.10; Suhm, i! 11.1 1.3; Dolx•he^tcr, il.'kl.lO.;'. ;
Charlestown, 'i.l.j.lo; CanibriilL''0, .i.'>1.17.<'; ; Roxhury and Lynn, euli. i-'^l ;
Wateriown, £-.'V1.3 ; Newbury, V;27.2.*]; liin^jhain. ill 1.2.10; \Vi-vnii-'':th.
£7.15; ana M.-dfi-rd, £G.15.8.

1G38.] ^OIEsr ^V-CyTIir.OJ

325

said, that lie \vas still of the same opinion he had b^cn, etc.
Wher.-j.pon he was doina.ulcd, if he weie of the same oj)i'nion
lie had been in about the petition or remonstrance. He an-
swered, yes, and that his retractation was only of the manner,
not of the matter. AYherenpon his retractation (which he had
lately delivered to the governoar, to be presented to this court)
N\-as read, wherein he profes.cth how the Lord had brought him
to see his sin in condemning ihe court, and passing the bounds
of modesty and submission, which is required in private persons,
etc., and in what trouble of spirit he had been for it, etc. Upon
this, the court committed him for abusing the com^ witli a show
of retractation, and intending no such thing; and the next day
he was -Mhed again and banished. The Lord's dav following,
he made a speech in the assembly, showing that, as the Lord
was pleaded \o converi Paul as he was in persecutin- efc, so
he might manife^t himself to him as he was talcing the modenite
use of the creature called tooacco. lie professed withal, tliat
he knew not wherein h^ had described the sentence of the court,
and that he was sure that Christ was his, etc. The elders re-
proved him for this speech ; and Mr. Cotton told him, that he
brake a rule in condemning publicly the sentence of the court,
before he had privately convinced the magistrates, or some of
them ; and told him, also, that, although God doth often lay a
man under a spirit of bondage, when he is walking in sin, as
Paul was, yet he never sends such a sjiirit of comfort but in an
ordinance, as he did to the same Paul by Ananias ; and ||ergof{
advised hhi^ v.-HUo cvrunin,. thP revlution uw:] iov which he
hud. . J .

The next Lord's day, the same Capt. Underliill, having been
privately dealt with upon suspicion of incontinency with a
neighbors wife, and not hearkening to it, was publicly (pies-
lioned, and put under adjnonition. The matter was, Ibr that
the woman being young, and beautiful, and withal of a jovial
f^pirit and behavior, he did daily frequent her house, and was
divers times found there alone with her, the door being ,.-,^<
locked on the inside. He confessed it was ill, because i^ "^
had an ap])earance of evil in it; but his excuse vras, that the
^voIna^ wos in great iroubhj of mind, and soie temptations, and

VOL. I. 28

22G ♦JOHN V/INTITROP. [163S.

tii:jt he reported io her to comfort her ; and that vhen the door
was found locked rpon them, they were in private prayer to-
gether. Bur this practice was clearly condemned also by tlie
eld er?-, affirming, that it had not been of good report for any of
Ihem to have done the like, and that they ouglit, in such case,
to have called in some brother or sister, and not to have locked
the door, etc. They also declared, that once he procured them
to go \"isit her, telling them that she was in great trouble of
mind; but when they came to her, (taking her, it seems, upon
the sudden.) tliey perceived no such thing. See the issue of
this afK'r, (9,) 163^, and (10,) 13, 3S.
[Large blank.]

Mrs. Hutchinson, being removed to the Isle of Aquiday, in
the Naragansett Bay, after her time was fulfilled, that she ex-
pected deliverance of a child, was delivered of a monstrous
birth, which, being diversely related in the country, (and, in the
open assembly at Boston, upOn a leciure day, declared by Mr.
Cotton to be twenty-seven || several lumps of man's seed, with-
out any alteration, or mixture of any thing from, the woman, |!
and thereupon gathered, that it might signify her error in deny-
ing inherent righteousness, but that all was Christ in us, and
nothing of ours in our faith, love, etc.) hereupon the governonr
wrote to Mr. Clarke,^ a physician and a preacher to those of the

|[ singula frusta vel globulus s?minis ma^ciilini sine ulla inutatlone ant
mixtura de ff,minaji

^ Jolin Clarke was oue of the most distinguislit'U geutleiiu-u of KKode Islau 1,
of wliifh co'ony he was long agent in England, during the ri irjns of Oliver, of
Richard, and part of that of Charles II. The Baptist chinrli of Newport owns
him for itjj father, lie idibllshed, in 1Cj-2, a hook, entitled '• Hi News from No-''
England, or a Narrative of Nev.' Enghind'a persecution, wlierein is declan.'d.
that, while O'.d England is becoming New, New England is becoming Old,"
etc., etc., etc., in which he introduced the substance of a tiact, issued the j'i'"'^
ceding year, called " A Brief Discourse touching New England, and particu-
larly Rhcxle Island ; as ako a faithful and true relation of the prosecution of
Oba'liali Holmes, John Crandall, and John Clarke, merely for conscience to-
wards God, by the princiy>al members of the church or commonwealth of the
^Ia?s;i< luisefts in New E'lLrland, which rales over that part of the world." 11='''
tract was prol)al>!y by the same hand.

Some light may be derived by us from a peiitlon of the suiVerer, of which the

1633.] ^^'^^^^ VvINTHUO?. 327

i-i!nn(J, l^o know the ccrt-iiruy theraof, who returned hirn
this answtr: Mrs. Hntchirjson, six weeks before her dcliv- " *"
crv, pi-reeived her body to l»e greatly dlsteaip'-red, and h-.-r spir-
its failing, and in that regard doubtful of life, she sent to tne,
etc., and not long after (in [j tinmodcrato fluore Literino||) it was
brought to light, and I was called to see it, where I beheld, first
unwashed, (and afterwards in warm water,) several lumps,
every o.ne of them greo ily confused, and if you consider each
of them according to the representation of the vhoie, they
Vv'ere altogether without, fonu ; but if tiiey were considered in
respect of the parts of e[ich lump of (iesh, then there was a rep-
IJimmoiTurate fluor and urine ||

orijrinal i« presorved, fro:n tlic cfilony files, in the Historical So-.-iety's library:
•' To the hoiiorwi court as^euib'cd at Boston. Whereai! it pleii-».'(l ili"..-' Uimntvd
court, yesttrday, to condemn tiic faith and order wliirh I hold ani' [vra/ti-;'.' ;
and, after you had passed your sotitence upon me for it, were plea^d to e.xi'reHs,
I could not uiaiiitaiu the same at:aiiist your Dinister.-, and tlieietiiKwi publicly
protl'ered n:c a dis{)ute wltli thi-ru; be pleased by these few lines to u;idtrstand,
I readily accept it, and therefore do desire you would appoint the time when,
and the person with wLuai, in that public place where 1 was cnn lemned, I
might, with freedom, and without molestation of the civil power, dis|)ute that
point publicly, wfiere I doubt not but, by the strength of Christ, to make it
good out of his last will and testament, unto which nothing is to be ad<ted, nor
from which nothing is to be diminished. Thi;s, desiring the Fiuhci- cf lights to
shine forth by his flower ro c.Npel the darkness, I remain your well vi.^hcr, duhu
Clarke. From the prison, this 1. G. .51," i. e. 1 August, 1G51.

In 1C5.< was published "The Civil Magistrate's Tower in Matters of K •ligion
modestly i!^-' . ■ i, etc., r;c., etc., v,!;!; a b.i» f answer to a ccm i^i ^.'andelOlIS
pamphlet, oalh.l ill News fro-.e. Novv Englanu, ere, by Thomis Cobbcit of
Lynn in X. K." This was written iu the violent temjie- of that d ly, tia.ii-ht
necessjirv for the orthodo.K, but no'v so universally reprobated. Clarke's l)ook
is excei'ding'v rare. A co[iv was in Prince's New England library, buL cannot
be found now, nor can I lie,;r of more than one even iri Rhode l-l-unl. Cnl>-
bett's answer, which might ccrtaml} be better spared, is {(reserved, but is very
scarce, only a single copy h i\ing ever fallen within my reach. Both are in tire
Briti'^h Mtiseum; ami Col. A.-^i-.inwall, our con-ul, has both. Clarke died, s lys
Benedict, I. 4'J.a, in 1070, in the sixty-sixth year of his age, without childn-n.
Callender, who is very full in his account of Clarke, •-^ l*!, 21, 20, 4.'';, 'rl. G'J,
03, 0:5, mark.s his death 20 .April of that yef.r. From three of liis brothers are
descended the large family in lUiode. T-!and benriiig that name. Tin- ariicle
CI..VUKK, John, in Allet/s t;:.,jraph;ca; Dictionary, i< the be.t in that laborious
■work.

L'-S

JOIIX -^-.TXTnEOP. M^j.j^

rcspntation of innnmerable .lint-net bodies in the forn, of a
globe, not much unlike the swims of some tl^h, so confusrdly
knit together by so many several strings, (which I conceiv'c
were the beginning of veins and nerves,) so that it was impos-
FJhle either to number the small round pieces in every Iiuiip.
much less io di-cern from whence every string did fetch its ori.r-
inal, they wer.- so snarled one within another. The small glob
I likewise opened, and perceived the matter of them (scttiii
aside the membrane in which || it was involved,}!) to be partl^
wind and parlly water. Of these several lumps there were
about twenty-six, according to the relation of those, who more
•273 "^"^o^lv searched into the number of tiiem. I took no-
tice of six or seven of some bigness ; the rest were small ;
but all as I have declared, exce]>t one or two, which ditlered
nmch from the rest both in matter and form ; and the whole
was like the [blank] of the liver, being simular and everywhere
like itself. When I had opened it, the matter seemed to be
li 'blood il congealed. Tlie govcrnour, not satistied with this ro-
Jation, spake after with the said Mr, Clarke, who thus cleared
all the doubts : The lumps were twenty-six or twentv-seven.
distinct and not joined together ; there came no secundine afrei
them ; six of tlb-m w^ere as great as his list, and one as greaf
as two fists; the rest each less than other, and the smallest
about the bigness of the top of his thumb. The globes were
round things, included in the lumps, about the bigness of a
small Indian bean, and like the pearl in a man's eye. The two
lumj.s, which d^h^red from th^ .•(■.-, vrrre li!u- iiver or congoa]^«l
blood, and had no small globes in them, as tli^ rest had. l\ir.
Cotton, next lecture day, acknov.dedged his error, etc., nnd that
he had his inforiuation by a letter from her husband, etc.^
I! they were involumeci |[ [j - hard 1]

^ Hriving been favorcl ^vitli the original letter of Clarke, I testltV that tlie
author's transeripticii is sufriciently a.;(.uT-ate, and lioarly literal. It'inl-iit 1-
uimece<sar>- to add, on this otJensive subject, the introdnetlon of wl.i.d,, at .^
religious lecture, it seems hardly possible to jusuYy, that Clarke s;ivs, lie v.u
tiint to once and again, at.d that he considered her condition was both doubttt;!
and dangerous, cul tliat he was souie\\hat unwilling to meddle, at least be(")r.-
her delivery, but only advised to procure some mi-dicine^ from the bay i.ro;.er

K^:s.] JOHN WiXTlJROP. 39^

2\.] A ship of Barnstaple arrived with aV^out eighty pa?-
>.^ngers, near all A-estern people. There came v.-ith them a godiy
Tuinister, one Mr. Matthews.^

Here arrived a small Spanish frigate with hides and ,.-,^.
taHow. She was a prize taken hy Capt. Newman, who "'"
was set out with Jetters of mart i)y the lords, etc., of the Isle
of I'rovidence.

This year there came a letter from Mr. Thomas || ^lew-tis. [[
clerk of the council in England, directed to Mr. AViuthrop, (rlie
])resent governour,) iuid therein an order from the lords com-
missioners for foreign plantations, (being all of the council,)
wherein they straightly required the patent to be sent home by
the first ship, etc. Tliis letter and order were produced at the

PI II

Ibr the occasion ; tl-r " I conceived," lie adds, •• if it were a child, it was ('.*Md,
hut luthLT that it ^^a^ iint, bat sucli a thing as afterward it proved." It ii
.^frange. that the word, which the goveruour leases blank, is, plainly, lobe in the
original letter. Oa tfi.- ciargln of the l.-ttcr, the governour has added w]i;it.
Clarke told him, nearly as given in the text, with this shght variation: "the
g!ol>es were like perils, about tlie bigness of a sloe."

' A cry diligent in piiry has been followed with some success in tracing the
course of this clergyman, of whom most of our early books take very sh'ghit no-
t.ce. He was a "Wch^lunan, bred at Oxford, matriculated, in his 18th year, at
All Soul< Coll. Lcrhfurd, 41, mentions him as living in Plimouth patent. Ho
vas j)roLably at Ynriitoi;th, where thei-e i< a tradition, that ho was one of their
first ministers. See 1 Hist. Coll. V. .59. The diligent author of that tract h
certainty mistaken iis sunvr,,;.)';, th.-it ^fi'hr was t.h,e frsf, and ^^r.-itilu-ws (who-o
givi'a nrime \va^ JLini,:;d: •'...•; 1:1c s>f:'>nJ minister the>>-. :\!I!h r, wlio was at
Yarmouth Avhen Jofmson wrote, preadied first at Rowley ; and we may sa.'l-ly
con. -hide, that he did not go to Yarmouth before jNIatthews left it. I am (juiro
confident it was not bffore 1C4 2. lAIatthews had removed irmn that place, anr!
spent some time at Hull, about the year 10.50, whence, though, as Johnson say.v,
he " lost the approbation of some able, understanding men, among both magis-
trates and ministers, bv weak a.nd unsafe expressions in his tcaidiing," he -.va.s
neverth.cle.ss, called to the church at Maiden. A very humble confession of his
darkness, and ignorance, and weak expressions, signed by him, though wriUen
by another, of 28 October, IG51, is preserved in the archives of the Historical
^oirty, an.l, with other papers on the subject, of prior date, is {trint.-d in
3 Hi<t. Coll. I. -29- r,2. The hints of the author of Wonder-working rroviilrme
an- nu.rc cxi)n ssive th,,n hi.s versea usually are, lib. III. c. 7. He was one of
the magistrates appointed for a scrutinj- oi" the faith and il'^itrincs of Matthews.

28^-

330 JOHN ■VVTNTHI^OP. i^y^^

general court last past, and there agrvvd not to send hcnie the
patent, but to return answer to the lords by way of humble pe-
tition, wliich was drawn up and sent accordingly. These in-
struments are all among the goverjiour's papers, and the elTect
of them would be here inserted.^

2-3.] Being the third day of the week, and two days before
the change, the wind having blown at N. E. all the dny, and
rainy in the night, was a migh':y tempest, and withal the high-
est tide, which had been seen since our coming into this coun-
try; but, through the good providence of God, it did little
harm. About fourteen days after, the wind having been at
N. W. and then calm || here, j[ came in the greatest eastern
sea, which had been in our time. Mr. Peirce (who came in
a week after) had that time a very gi-eat 'tempest three days
at N. E.2

A remarkable providence appeared in a case, which was
tried at the last court of a^^istants. Divers neighbors of Lynn,
by agreement, kept their cattle by turns. It fell out to the
turn of one Giilow to keep them, and, as he was driving rhem
forth, another of these neighbors went along with him, and
kept him so earnestly in talk, that his cattle strayed and gate
in the corn. Then this orher neighbor let> him, and would not
help him recover his cattle, but went and told another hovv- he
had kept GiJlow in talk, that he might lose his cattle, etc. The
cattle, getting into the Indinu corn, cat so much ere they could
be gotten out, that two of them fell sick of it, and one of them
♦g-j-r; died presently; and tho^e i^.'o cows v;.re thnr n- - hbor's.
who had kept Giilow in talk, etc. The man bi-inas his
action against Gihow for his cow, (not knowing that he had
witness of his speech); but Giilow, producing witness, cU\,
barred him of his action, and had good costs, etc.
|] turn II

1 Ilubbanl, L^OS-271, has laid >is un,]<:r obligation by preserving both d,>cu-
nients.

2 Emanuel Downing, a lawyer from London, v.-ith hi-- wife and ihildron. at
least those of them, who had nut: before joined iheir uncle, Winthrop, <'auie. I
s^ipp-.ie, with Ti irt-e, arriving early in October. lb- and I.ucy l>is wife, the
Biblcr of our author, were admitted of Salem chinch 4 .\ovember next. She
was bom 9 January, 1601.

]G3S.] JOim WIXTHROP.

331

The com-t, lakine' into con^hl-'rotion the ^rreat disorder |! L^cn.
eraljj through Ihe country in costliness of apparel, and kAlow-
iiig new fashions, sent for rJie elders of the churches, and co.-i-
ferred with theni about it, and laid it upon tlietn, as belonging
to them, to redress it, by urging it upon the consciences of thei"?
people, which tliey promised to do. But little was done about
it; for divers of the elders' wives, etc., were in some measure
partners in this general diso:dcr.^

[Large blank.]
8ber.] About two years since one Mi: Bernard, a minister
at Batcomb in Somersetshire in England, sent over two books
in writing, one to the magistrates, and the other to the elders,
v.-hor'Mn he laid down arguments against the manner of our
gathering our churches,. etc., which the elders could not answer
till this time, by reason of the m;iny troubles about jNIi-s. Hutch-
inson's opinions, etc. Mr. Cotton also answered another book
sent over in defence of set form of prayer. This I suppose
was IMr. Ball's book.^

About this time was very much rain and snow, in six v/eeks
together; scarce two days without rain or snow. This was
observed by some as an elTect of the earthquake."

(9.) 8.] A church was gathered at Dedham with good ap-
probation; and, 2Sth, Mr. Peek"' ordained teacher at Hingham.

||proccrr'1ing[[

1 The wives of clergymen have been, since that day, generally exempt from
such e^mrgen.

- It. will nut be expocrci, tiiat an i; rount of ■Dernar.r- books ^Iu;.uM be given
here, e^■pecIall7 as tliey were not, I believe, printed, probably, being too good
for the character of tlie age. See Eliot, in 1 Hist. Coll. IX.' IG. In hi.. Li\es
of the Puritans, Brook II. 4.>S, has a good account of lliehard Bernard, vhu
(hed ilnrch, 1641. He enumei-ates his works, among which are not tJic^e
tracts.

* To mark the relation of cause and efTcet in atmo.-^jiherie phenomena, i.^ a
dangerous exercise of imagination. J:xample may, however, serve, bctu'r th-.u
precept, to dissuade from such idle philosophy as that in the text. One of t!ie
books, blending practical wisdom wiih amusement, by wlu'ch jMIss Edgewurth
favored the last age, makes a venerable observer of events regard " Tendonieii
steeple as the cause of Goodwin sands." 1 think there is evidence, that this
^aecdole belongs lo the famous Sir Thomas More.

* Little can be learned of thi:; revciead gcntieman, o.v.xpt from o'.d records

332 JOIIX WlNTHilOP. [1(533,

» ,^^ By order of ili'^ last crPiieral t-ourt, the sovernour wrote
a lcit<T to Mr. Bnrdet,^ Mr. Wiggin, and others of the
plantation of Pascataquack, to this eiiect : That, whereas there
had been good correspondency between iis formerly, we could
not bat be t^en^ible of their entertaining and countenancing, etc.,
some thai we had cast out, etc., and that our purpose was to
survey our utmost limits, and make use of them. Mr. Burdet re-
turned a SCO' nful answer, and would not give the governour his
title, etc. This v/as very ill taken, for that he was one of our
body, and sworn to our government, and a member of the church

in Iliiigliani, by -vvlikh I find, be had been a preacher at Ilingham hi Nortulk
in Old KiighiiKl, %vbt?nce came almost all of the progenitors of the prosont in-
habitant.^ of that ancient town, preserving the same name in Ma«.abu<ett3.
The teacher T.-as Robert I'eck ; bat the contemporary ]\1S. of Plobart, the pastor,
collated by mo, informs, that, 27 O'-tobor, 16 11, he sailed for JCngland, and,
another ancient "writing adds, 'M\-ith his wife and son Joseph." I presume he
found religion so free at home, that he had no inducement to return, lie and
Josepli Peek, j.robably a brother, -were made fivcmen here 13 ]March, 16.S8-9.
Both have the apprrjpriate ^Ir. prefixed. Joseph was very soon after a repre-
sentative in t!ie general court. ^Notice of his removal from the jurisdiction will
occTir In our second volume.

Hubbard, 279, tliough literally extracting this paragraph, in his usual manner,
has thrown the chronology into strange confusion, making it IGlO, by disreganl
of WInthro])'s arrangement of dntes. Johnson, lib. II. c 0, has made the ga'Ji-
ering of Dedham church a year too '.arly.

^ Of the fev.- instances, in whirh any advantage is derived from Hubbard, our
actpiaintance with this person is one. He was minister at Dover; and the his-
torian of Tfisv.'i.h jptbnns u-, 221, ■ '". {liat Furdot, ";':-'ki a ]v.'h'tv'.--! (nrirnl
-with the b;^'uClJ : .r.i.l cerc!i;oui-~ lu' liic church of illngi;rid, had, ab-jiit thi; year
1C34, left Yarnsouih in England," and came '• to Salem, where he was received
a member of tlielr rliurch, and was employed to proaclx among them for a year
or more, being an able scholar, and of plausible parts and carriage, l.iut tind-
iug the discipline of the church as much too strict fir his loose conscience a*
the other was in pretence too largo, he left his brethren at Salem, out of Inc to
liis fnends at Piscatacpia, where he continued for some time in g.<jod esteem (■»'
least in appearance) with ^Ir. "Wiggans, that had the power of a go^erii'-ar
tliereabouts, until he declared himself of what sort he was." Our Kevords shov*
his admission as a freeman 2 September, 1G35. The conclusion of his duni;,:^
in America will appear in this History, 1640. He hail been sllenccl iu ]^■-.'
land; and I nuirvel at the charge by "Wiuthrop, that he had intelligcu'e wjih
the prelatical j'arty at home. Hi,- wit'c a.'.'l thildica were iu di:>treis tliere, ho-
cordinf! to the couutv history of LIuonifield.

ir;:iS.] JO"^' TvlXTITROP. 333

v.f Sili-ni ; so as the governour \vas pnrposed to Piiinmon hhii
!o ai)pcar at our court to an;-\vcr his contempt; biit, advising
witii the deputy about it, he was dissuaded from it, the rather
fr-v that, if he shoiild suffer in this cause, it woidd ingratiate
!;ini more v.-ith the archbishops, (with whom he had intelli-
l,^■lu•e, etc.) but his council was rather to undermine him by
! raking him thoroughly known, elc, to his friends in Pascata-
quack, and to take- thoui fr(3ni hini. Whereupon the governour
wrote to Edward Hilton, declaring liis ill dealing, (and sent a
lupy of his letter,) and advising them to take heed how they
put themselves || into j] his power, etc., but rather to give us a
proof of their respect towards us, etc. — He intimated withal
how ill it would relish, if they should advance Capt. Un- ».^^^-
derhili, whom we had |1 "thrust || out for abusing the court
with ip^feigninrr jl a retractation both of his seditious practice
and also of his corrupt opinions, and after denying it again,
aiid for casting re[)roach upon our churches, etc.; signifying
wiiha], that he was now found lo have been asi unclean person,
(for he was charged by a godly young woman to have solicited
her chastity under pretence of Christian love, and to have con-
fessed to her, that he had his will oftentimes of the coopers
wife, and all out of strength of love,) and the church had sent
fur him, and sent him a license to come and go, under the
hands of the govrruour and deputy; but he refused to come,
excusing him^eli, by letters to \hc elders, that tlie license vv'as
not sufficient, etc., and, by letters to the governour, that he had
no rule to come and answer 1o ;.t;y oOi^K-e, exrepr his bani-h-
v:\vnt were released ; but to ii;e matter he v;.s charged with,
la- g:ive no ansvrcr, but sought an evasion. Pascataquack
n;en had chosen him their governour before the letter came to
them.

1-3.] The governour went by water to Salem, where he was
emertained with all tlie respect that they could show him.
Th-' IP 12 11 he returned by land, and they sent six of their chief
niilitary oificers with carbines to guard him to Boston.^

ijumlerll H'castjl |j"fnmungj| |i*Mfl'il

•" l''.':li il.ites arc. j-lain in tlio MS., but it is not certain sAicvc the i-.nroi lion
i:.)i;jii!'l be made. Tlie fu->f cditlou, ;u- lu.iiiw the former to be cui-Jvct, auu tiiat

334 JOHN wiXTni.'OP. [1638.

17.] Koger Hcrlnkcndt-n,^ one of our inagisfrates, about
,,~,^j^ thirty- years of age, second son of [blank] " Ilerlakenden
of il Earl's Colne |[ in Essex, Esq., died at Cambridge of
the small jiox, I3e was a very godly man, and of good use
Lo'h in the comniouweuth and in the churv-.h. He was buried
with niilifary honor, because he was lieutenant colonel. He
left behind a virtuous genl/eiroma/i and two daughters. He
died in great peace, and left a sweet memorial behind him of
his pieiy and virtue.

§10. t}.] Ezekiel Eogcrs,* son of Richard Rogers of Weath-
I! Kavlscokr ]|

the governour returned next day, altered the second date to 14. To me it
setMiisniore ,Mro!i:)blf, that the day of return, being in tlie body of the y>aragraph,
is riL'lit. Perliaps he went on the 10th, and spent Sunday with KndecotT,
reriirning on Monday, r2th, and writing the notice the next diy.

1 'I'he l>rorher of this gentli'iiian, Richard, is, by Dr. Holmes, from the Cam-
bi-idg;' li. •cords. 1 Ilist. CVtll. VI I. 10, mentioned as one of the earhest propri-
einr>. Hiu he never came over. Roger had arrived in 1635, Hubbard, 233,
says, in the Rime ship with Vane, fie was admitted freeman 3 March, 163,0-6,
witli Shepherd, Peter, Vane, and other distinguished men, and, on 25 May f j1-
lowing, at the gt-neral eUvtion, clmsen one of the assistants, to which place he
was re-elected in the two fn'Iowing years It is firoof of the solid judgment of so
young a man. In tlie questions about Mrs. Hutchinson he took a part, as appears
in t!ia pio<t curious and niiuute article of the Appendix to History of Massachu-
setts, il. ."Oo. Some humble verses In honor of Harlackenden are afibrded by
Johnson, lib. I. c. 32. His will, in our Probate Records, I. 13, without date, was
probibiy niadf two yeors or nvo-e before his death, since he makes Cov. Haynes

one of ],■ C-... , i,^..;> uiil; '•■ L , .:l„l- 1 :!■ 1:,. -. j. in :; ];>> t.;;..(- police of hi<

estitc in England, called ■' Coiue Park, or the Little Lodge," and of one
daughter only, though provision is made for the probability of another child.
He was, I believe, a (OU>in of Lord Ro[)er, and had probably been brought up
under the ministry of Shepherd in his native country. Sec Xeal's Puritans, H.
282. and Shepherd's auto!)iography. To enjoy the spiritual aid of the same
gentleman, h.- [iurdiased Dudley's estate at Xewtown.

- lie was born 1 Octolier, IGll. and was only 27 years old.

'■^ The fa'iicr, born 22 .Inly, 15';8, was named Richard.

* No in.i(lc<prite noti( cs of IC/ekicl Rogers may be tbuiul in the progress of
our Ili-rory. in .lo!in<r.ii, jib. II. 11, and. above all, in Mather's Magnalia. Eliot
and .\!!c!i liave well ;d,.breviaf il these authorities; but the former misdates his
deuh. He was a nitn of s,-.-y hi-!, i; tjiunice li.r a portion of his life, and hia
epiti[,li on ("ir Ilookir is ihonjlit by lliil,!/ud, 5U. worthy of |ireservaiion.
Till' tardy ju.>tice of uur age ereUed a monument to Rogers in lSor>.

j,i38.] JOiL\ AviXTiinop. 335

fi^fu'ltl in E^:-r\, a worthy son of so worthy a father, lyiiii,' at
j]L>ston with toinc who came out of Yorkshire with him, where
)ie had been a painful preacher many years, being desirous to
partake in the J/ord's supper w itli the churcli of Boston, did lirst
iinpart his desire to tlie elders, and having given them satisfac-
tion, they aeqiv.iinted the church with it, and before the sacra-
ment, being calhd forth by the elders, he spoke to this cfl'cct,
vi/. : that he ai:d his compa ly (viz. divers j'an,ilies, who come
over with him this summer) had, of a good timn, withdrawn
themselves from the church comraunion of England, and tliat
for many corruptions which were among them. But, first, he
desired, that he n^iglit not be mistaken, as if he did condemn all
the'-e : for he did acknowledge a special presence of God there
in three things : 1, in the soundness of doctrine in all funda-
Hientai truths: 2, in the excellency of ministerial gifts; 3, in
the blessing upon the sama, for the \vork of conversion and for
the power of religion, in all which there ap[)eared more, etc., in
England thaii in all the known world besides. Yet there are
such corruptions, as, since (lod let them see some hght therein,
they could not, with safe conscience, join any longer with them.
The lirst is, their national clnirch ; second, their hieraichy,
wholly antichristii^n ; third, their dead service; fourth, their re-
ceiving (nay, compelling) all to partake of the seals; fifth, their
abuse of exconmiunications, wherein they enwrap many a godly
minister, by cansmg him to prouounce their sentence, etc., they
not knowing that the fear of the excommunication lies in that.
Tlerenpon th'\v bewail. -d !<er(-ro the L^ord tlu ir sii-fnl paviaking
so long in t'li'se corvupiioh.-, and entered a covenant ,.j,.-q
together, to walk together in .all the ordinances, etc.

IGoO. 10. 3.] Being settled at rvowley,Mhey renev>^ed th-^ir
church covenant, and their call [blaiik] of Mr. Rogers to the
ollice of pastor, according to the course of oth.er churches, ete.§

(10.) 6.] Dorothy Talbye was hanged at Boston for nunxhT-

^ Xo doubt tills name was adoptfl from the pla<"e in Yorksliire in Old l-Ho'
hnd, vhere their p;i-sior had labon-d, and most of tlionisflve-: had enjoyed Xwi
service?. lie had tliero long beou m<-11 estcfpaed by Toby Matthews, the Arcli-
biihoi) of York.

JOHN WJNTTIROR

[I6r

ing her o\vn daughter, a child of three years old.-^ She had been
a laeinber of the church of Salem, aud of good esteem for godli-
ness, etc.; but, falling at diflereuce with her hu.-band, through
melancholy or spiritual delusions, she sometimes attempted to
kill him, and her children, and herself, by refusing ||meat,|| say-
ing it was so revealed to her, etc. After much patience, and
divers jKlmonitions not prevailing, the church cast her out.
Whereupon she grew worse; so as the magistrate cau.sed her
to be \s hipped. "Whereupon she was reformed for a time, and
carried herself more dutifully to her husband," etc. ; but soon
after she was so possessed with Satan, that he persuaded her
(by his delusions, which she listened to as revelations from
God) to break the neck of her own child, that she might free it
from future misery. This she confessed upon her apprehen-
sion; yet, ai her rfrraignrnent, she stood mute a good space, till
the governoirr told her she should 1 e pressed to death, and ihen
she confessed the indictment. When she was to receive judg-
ment, she would not uncover her face, nor stand up, but as she
was forced, nor give any testimony of her repentance, either
then or at her execution. The cloth, which should have covered
her face, she plucked otT and put between the rope and her neck.
She desired to h;ive been beheaded, giving this reason, that
it was less painful and less shameful. After a swing or two,
she catched at the ladder. Mr. Peter, her late pastor, and
Mr. Wilson^^ went with her to the place of execution, but
could do no good with her. IMr. l^eter gave an exhortation
to the people to take heed of rovein.tt-vis, etc., ond o:" ('•.--pising
ihe oiclinance oi excommunicatioii as. slic had done; for when
it was to have bet n denounced against her, she turned her
back, ;)nd would have gone forth, if she had not been stayed by
force.

li water II

^ Tliis cliild -was baptized at Sak'ni, 2-3 Deeombcr, Ifi.ly, by the strange, nain.^
ofDIllliMiky.

^ The untbrtunato liiiit)and, who.^e life had been attempted by her, was, after
herexceution, excomniunkated "for much jtride and imnatnrahiess to his wife."
Sec die letter of Iluph Peter iu iriitchin?'-,n. I. 1-20. Tl-e original has been seen
by iJie. Perliaps Peter regretted hk treatui. r.t: oflVlby, after his own wife was
distracted.

jC.3S.] J07IX ^YTNTHEOr. 337

One Capt. Newman, being set forth with commission .^oj-,
from the Eurl of Iiuliand, governonr of tlic Westminster
company, and the Earl of Warwick, and others of the sume
company, to spoil the Spaniard within tlie limits of their grant
iii the West Indies, after he had taken many of their small
vessels, etc., returned home by the Massachusetts in a small
{.innace, v. ith which he had taken all || his 1| prizes, (for his
great ship was of no use for that pm'pose). He brought many
liides and mucli tallow. The hides he sold here for £17.10
the II -score ; || ^ the tallow at 29.s-. the hundred ; and set sail for
England (10,) 1. He was after cast away at || 'Cijrisiophcr's jj
with a very rich prize, in the great hyrracano, 1G42.

]3.] A general fast was kept upon the motion of the elders
to the governour and council. The chief occasion was, the
nmch sickness of pox and fevers spread through the country,
(yet it was to the east and south also,) the apparent decay of
povv-er of religion, and the general declining of professors to the
world, etc. Mr. Cotton, in hi:; exercise that day at Boston, did
confess and bewail, as the cluu-ches', so his own security, sloth,
and credulity, whereupon so many and dangerous errors had
gotten up and spread in the church; and wejit over all the par-
ticulars, and showed how he came to be deceived ; the errors
being framed (in words) so |i •^nearjj the truths which he had
preached, and the falsehood of the maintainers of them, wlio
usually woi^ld deny to him vhat they had delivered to others,
etc. He acknowledged, that such as had been seducers of
others (instnnr-ino' i;i some of those of tlie T-lriTid. though he
named tK.^itL I'Oi) had h~: a J^^^tl\ l-uiiished. ^'ei he suicl, thai
such as had been only misled, and others, who had done any
tiling out of a misguided cojiscience, (not being pgfosslyjj
evil,) should be borne withal, and first referred to the church,
and if that could not heal them, they should rather be impri-
soned, fmcd, or, etc., than banished, |t^'<7^^fl|| it was likely no
other church would receive them.

Ilthelj li'- stone II Ij^ blank 11 |l-'^-erc|{ i| '' gr^^-'^tly || |iHho'j|

1 Having tlie ])rinted copy before rae, a? I collated tlie MS., tl^e error of the
<"*>rnR'r edition, it must he confessed, cix-ajied mo at two readings ; but bapj'ening
lo reflect ou tbe extreme disproportloi; of price and value, a closer in.-pcction of

VOL. I. 29

038 JOHN WINTHROP. [iG3S.

Those -^vho wore ijone witii Mrs. JIutchinsoa to Aqniday frll
into new errors daily. One Nicholas Easton/ a tanner, tau«:ht,
*2S1 ^^^^^ S^^^^ ^"^ graces were that antichrist mentioned
Thess., and that which withhold, etc., was the preacliing
o£ the law ; and that every of the elect had the Holy Gliost
and also the devil indwelling. Another, one Heme, taright,
that wonieti liad no souls, and that Adam was not created in
trut; holiness, etc., for then he could not have lost it.

Those who went to the falls |iat|| Pascataquack, gathered a
church, and wrote to our church to desire us to dismiss Mr.
Wheelwright to them for an officer; but, because he desired it
ijot himself, th.e elders did not propound it. Soon after came
his own letter, with theirs, for his dismission, which thereupon
was granted. Olliers likewise (upon their request) were also
dismissed thither.

The governour's letter to Mr. Hilton, about Mr, Burdet and
Capt. Underhill, was by them intercepted and opened; and
thereupon they wrote presently into England against us, § dis-
covering what they knew of our combination to resist any
authority, that should come out of England against us, etc. ;§
for they were extremely moved |l"at|| the governour's letter,
but could take no advantage by it, for he made account, whoa
lie wrote it, that Mr. Hilton would show it them. And, upon
tins, Capt. Underhill wrote a letter to Mr. Cotton, fidl of high
and threatening words against us ; but he wrote another, at the
same time, to the governour in very fair terms, entreating an
f'bllterciLiiig of .)'! :h-t wai: pn^i, ;.nd a Ix-arin;^ with humnn
iniivmiiics, etc., disLivowing all pin-pose of revcjige, etc. See
after, (1,) 1G39.

The devil would never cease to disturb om peace, and to
raise up || ''instninii'nts || one after another. Amongst the r<.\-t.
there was a woiiian in Salem, one Oliver his wife, who had
sutlered somewhat in England for refusing to bow at the name
of Jesus, though otherwise she was conformable to all tlitMr
|!ofi| fbylj pinsurg.?nL<iJ

tlie. orijrinal easily iimlcrcived me. am? !;'fl lo the re-'toraiio!) of t^o true trx'
thoush v«xcii wil'a a had diirograpliv.

^ '• One Milton, a bliml man," dero'^atos norniir'- trom iIk- auiiiuf ot" I'aradi.-.

j.rj8.] JOHN T\'TMTmiOP. 339

(.fd'TS. She wa? (for ability of speech, and appearance of zeal
and devotion) far before iMr.r. Ilatchinsoii, and so the fitior iji-
'-truitient to have done hurt, but that she was poor and .. - -
had little acquaintance. She took oilence at this, that
t^lie might not be admitted to the Lord's supper without giviK<-'
jniblie satisfaction to the chiurch of her faith, etc., and cove-
nanting or professing to walk with them according to tlic rule
('f the gospel ; so as, upon tlie sacrament day, she openlv called
for it, and stood to plead her right, though she were denied;
and would not forbear, before the magistrate, jNIr. Endecott,
did threaten to send the constable to put her forth. This wo-
man was broujiht to the court for disturbing the peace in the
tliurch, etc., and there she gave such peremptory answers, as
she was committed till she should fmd sureties for her good
behavior. After she had been in prison three or four days,
she made jj means !| to the governour, and submitted herself, and
acknowledge(] her fault in disturbing the church; whereupon
he took her husband's bond for iter good behavior, and dis-
charged her out of prison. But he found, after, that she still
held her former opinions, v.hich were very dangerous, as,
1. That the church is the heads of the people, both magis-
trates and ministers, met together, and that these ha^'e power
to ordain ministers, etc. 2. That all that dwell in the same
town, and will profess their faith in Clirist Jesus, ought to
be received to the sacrameiits there ; and that she was per-
il blank ||

Lost Nicholas Easton is distinguished, -n-ith only four others, out of a list of
fifly-four freeuieu admitted at a ^'Oiierdl court, 3 Septomber, 1634, by the titlo
of respect. It may be seen, CuloT\y Hoc. I. llo, that, the Eev. ^Mo^-ienrs
Parker and Noyos were admitted at the same tiuio, and I conclude, lliat he ac-
companied tluMu. In March afb'r, Eastoa was deputy from Ipswich, and lie
prubably followed his spiritual guide to Newbury. From his occupaticjn, nu n-
tioned in the text, no conclusion to Iiis discredit can be drawn ; lor tl.at em-
ployment, in a nr w country, is found the most useful and profitable !•':- nu'n
of g(X)d education and estate. Large capital is often invested in thrit busi-
ness, and we ni;ed not suppose it was mere handicraft. lie was ^'ovenfiiir
:>t lihode Island four years, and the station was five years filled by one, •.>hom
I presume to be his sou, John Iv-slu;;. Sec 1 Hist. Co!!. VI. Ml, ^ ='', ^'^'^
Callender, 42, 03.

*;i8S

840 JOHN wi>:titkop. [1G38.

sanderl, that, if Paul were ot Salem, he would call all the in-
habitants there saints. 3. That excommunication is^ no other
l)ut when Christians withdraw private communion from one
that liath offended.^

"About jEivc year? after, this woman was adjudged to be whip-
ped for reproaching the magish-ates. She stood wilhout tying,
and bare her punishment with a masculine spirit, glorying in
her suffering. Jnit after (when she came to consider the re-
proach, which would stick by her, etc.) she was much dejected
about it. She had a cleft stick put on her tongue half an hour,
for reproaching the elders, (6.) 1G46.-

At Providence, also, the devil was not idle. For whereas, at
t'"eh* first conning thither, iMr, Williams and the rest did
make an order, that no man should be molested for his
conscience, now men's wives, and ciiildren, and sei rants, claim-
ed liberty hereby to go to all religious meetings, though never
so often, or though private, upo/i the week days ; and because
one II Verin || ^ rcfusr^d to let his wife go to Mr. Williams so oft
as she v/as called for, they required to have him censured. But
there stood up one Arnold,^ a witty man of their own company,

llUdrinil

^ A favorable construction -would surely find no deadly errors in tliese
oj/Inions; and certainly imprisonment anpe<irs not very appropriate means
for con\-iction. I u";ibt that the aposiic pointed at much more blameable no-
tions, and even practices, in the church of Corinth, than he would have
found at Salem, tiir,up;h ]■?. bc^tov;-? t]\^ fpidjot saints on tlie members of tlie
former. M^s. (ji-'-:- ;;> ''j-', pr.' .^il;, I'u :v ^va^ too u^viclx p;.i-.ver assumed by
the eiders.

' Tbis paragraph comes in where the author had long hjft a blank. I (car
more reproach atcached to the elders, -svltli all who pitied the snfTerer, than ii"
bcr tongue had been left loose.

^ Of this unusual name I have met with no recurrence, except in Hutchinson,
I. 203, where he infonns us of the tilid and imprisonment of Philip Vtriii,
as a Quaker.

* Benedict Arnold was governour of riho<Je Island tliirtcen years. 1 lli?'-
Coll. VI. 14 i, 14. J. In l»jj7, with Gov. Coddlngton, he purchased Cononicut
Island. 1 Hist Cull. V. 217. He will often b- mentloneil in thi:; History as a
great friend of Ma-^a'-liusett.^, e-pecially in negotiation with the Indians, \vh<w.;
language was better kno^Nu to him and his son, of the .-ame name, than nn'-t
other of our people. I d... liot ascertaiTi wheth<jr the atwcdote in the text l'"-
longs to hhn or AVilllam Arnold. See Cul-nder, o."i, -13, SO, 03.

1 (33^.1 JOHN WINTIIKOP. 341

and wiilisfood it, tellins,' rhejQ that, when he consented to that or-
der, he never iniended il .should extend to the breach oi any ordi-
nance of God, such as the |j subjection || of wives to their hus-
l)auds, etc., and gave divers solid reasons against it. Tiien
one Gtcc[ic (who hath married the wife of one Beggeriy,^
whose luxsbund is living, and no divorce, etc., but only it was
said, that he had lived in adidtery, and had confessed it) he re-
plied, that, if they sh'>ukl restrain their wives, etc., all the
women in the country would cry out of them, etc. Arnold
answert-d hirn thus : Di :1 you pretend to leave the iNlassachu-
setts, because you would not offend God to please men, and
would you now break an ordinance and commandment §of
God ^^ to please women ? Some were of opinion, that if
|j-Verin|} would not suffer his wife to have her liberty, the
church should dispose her to some other man, who would use
her better. Arnold tohl them, that it was nut the woman's
desire to go so oft from liome, but only 'Mi: "William^^'s and
odiers. in jj ■V:;onclusion. |j when they would have censured
|j^Verin,i! Arnold told them., that it was against thek own or-
der, for p-A^eriniJ ^'^^^ ii^'that he did || oitt of conscience; and
their order was, that no man should be censured for his con-
science.

Another plot the old serpeitt had against us, by sowing
jealousies and difierenccs between us and our friends at Con-
nectieut, ;;nd also Plimoufh. This latter was about oitr *.-)^a
bottnds. They had planted Scituate, and had given out
all the l?..vC\< ^:o Con^'hasso/tt. We desired only so mnrh of the
marshes thei'i-, as niight aceoir.modaLC ilingham, whic;;. being
denied, ^ve caused Charles River to be surveyed, and found it
come so far southward as would fetch in Scituate and || ' more ; ||
but this was referred to rt meeting between us.-

Iljiibmj.-sionjl ||-Udriu|l |j '^ court after ij iJ*Udrinj| li^Udnnl!

II « that, and did it|j ||" Concord |j

* The cirrumstances of the separation, whicL may be seen in Adilcnda, s'lh
an. lG3tj, -R-ni excubO our Ijclief, tkit the cliarge against Greene is aito;;cUier
•nvidious.

- Itelative to this sunxy of O-.arles lliver, and the line betwoeii I'liuiouth
and Masjaehu5ctL^ colonio?, -vyhich ireoueTiUy v.ai tL.cUor of c<-:-.{r,n'.' r-y, the

29*

34^- JOHN WJXTTlROP. [1G3S.

The differences between us and those of Connecticut were
divers ; but the ground of nil was their || shyness || of coming
under our government, which, though we never intended to
make them subordinate to us, yet they were very jealous, and
therefore, in the articles of confederation, whicli we propound-
ed to them, and whereby order was taken, that ail differences,
Vv'liich might fall out, should be ended by a way of peace, and
never to come to a necessity or dungf^r of force, — they did so
alter the chief article, as all would have come to nothing. For
whereas the article was, Tliat, upon any matter of difference,
two, three, or more commissioners of every of the confederate
colonies should assemble, and have absolute }>ov:er (the gi-eater
number of them) to determine the matter, — they would have
them only to meet, and if they could agree, so ; if not, then
to report to their several colonics, and to return with their ad-
vice, and so io go on till the matter might be agi-eed; which,
beside that it would have been infnutely tedions and extreme
chargeable, it would never have attained the end ; for it was
very unlikely, that all the churches in all the plantations w^onld
ever have accorded upon the same propositions.^
^-yor These articles, with iheir alterations, ihey sent to our
general court at Newtown, the [blank] of the 5th, by INIr.

JlsIcknoss|i

earliest notice in our Colony Record.--, I. i'li^, is G September, 1G38: " The town
of Dcdhaoi is desired to spare two tliat ;t;v i ..-A hi to go >.;;!' <;■.- <lin..n Wood-
"ward and goodman Jolniso!), (If be cr,.n tjiaitj tirue,) or ain.ither to be got in hii
room, to lay out the most southenncst part of Charles Eiver, and to have five
shillings a day a piece." Wootlwaixl was oftou employed in such business, and,
at the same court, was ordered to survey the line north of M-'rrimack. lie was
admitted of Boston cliurch 8 December, IGS'A, bein"- No. 104.

^ If the llabihty to disagreemim't in tlie consultations of tlie churches had
been regarded as an objection against submitting to them other matters of state,
WG might not so frequently have to lament the proceedings of our fothers.
Whenever any course, lhat might iiroered to a result of extreme injustice,
cruelty, or tynumy, was contemplated by the civil rulers, the sanction of the
churches or of the elders was usually solleited, and too often obtained. Such is
the conseiiuenco of uniting the wisdom of magistrates and ecclesiastics in con-
cerns belonging exclusively to either. S-^c tlic matter well slatt;d by our author
in the last article of Addenda, next volume.

16.3S.] JOHN ^\TN'THROP. S_13

Hayne?, ^h: Pincheon, and John Steele.^ The court, finding
their alteration, and the inconveniences thereof, would take tlie
like liberty to add and alter ; (for the articles were drawn only
by some of the council, and never allowed by the court). This
tliey excepted against, and would have restrained us of that
liberty, which they took themselves ; and one of their three
commi.-sioners, falling in debate with some of our deputies,
said, that they would not meddle with any thing that was
within our limits; which being reported to the court, they
thought it seasonable we should stand upon our right, so as,
though we were formerly Vvilling that AgavCam (now Spring-
field) should have fallen mto their government, yet, seeing
they would not be beholden to us for any thing, we intended to
keep it ; and accordingly we put it in as an article, that the hue
between us should be, one way, the Pequod River, (viz. south
and north.) and the other way, (viz. east and west,) the limits
of our own grant. xVnd this article we added : That we, etc.,
should have liberty to pass to and fro upon Connecticut, and
they likewise. To these articles all their commissioners otfered
to consent, but it was thought by our court, (because of the new
articles.) that they should first acquaint theh* own court with it.
And so their commissioners departed.

After this, we understood that they went on to exercise their
authority at Agawam. Whereupon the governour Avrote to
litherajj to desire them to forbear until the line w^as laid out,

ilhimli

^ .Steele was one of the first settlers of Ilartfonl, called Newtown, because
most of the early inhabitants went from that town with Hooktr and Haynes ;
but the Connecticut village changed its name very soon, probably before that in
our neighborhood. "Windsor was first called Dorchester, and Weathci-sflckl
Watertowu, after the chief fountains of their blood in [Massachusetts. Tlii.s
gentleman was a deputy in our general court 4 March, 1634-5, and again in
SoptemI>er following; and was also one of those appointed by the authority ot
Ma.ssachusetts to administer justice among the pe.iplc of the new colony until
they formed a government for themselves. See Hutchinson, I. DP, fiom tiio
Colony Records. lie was noiu one of the magistrates or assistants of Conmn-ti-
ci;t, and, when their first court of deputies assembled, in IGoD, was one of that
bo.ly. Trumbull, I. ::), 10;^. The time of hi^ death is uakiio^-n to me. I sup-
pose descendants are numerous.

8 14 JOHX T. LN^THROP

[16

with advice about some other things, as by the copy of the
letter appears. xVfter a lon<j: time, Mr. Ludlow (in the nanif of
their court) returaed answer, which was very harsh ; and in
fine declared, that they thought it not fit to treat any fuvthi-r
before they h;id advice from the gentlemen of Saybrook, etc.
The govenioui- acquainted tlic council and magistrates with this
'280 ^'^"^^^''*' fii-id, because they had tied our hands (in a man-
ner) from replying, he wrote a private letter to .JMr.
Iiaynes, wherein he lays open their mistakes (as lie called thcni)
and the apparent causes of oflence, which they had given us;
as by |[ disclaiming II to their Naragansetts to' be bound by our
former agreemejit with them., (\\-hich they would never make
till the wars were ended,) by making a ti-eaty of agreement
with the Naragansetts and Monliigans, without joining us, or
mentioning u,-^ to that end, (thougliwe had by letter given them
liberty to take us in,) and by binding all the Indians (^vho had
received any Pequods) to pay triljute for them all to them || at jj
Connccticnt, etc. (All these things are clearly to be seen in the
letters.) * These and the like miscarriages in point of corre-
spondency were conceived to arise from these two errors in
their government : 1. They chcsc divers scores men, who had
no learning nor judgment, which might fit them for tliose affairs,
though otherwise men holy and religious. 2. By occasion
hereof, tiie main burdeii for man.aging of state business fell
upon some one or oiher of their ministers, (as the phrase and
style of these letters will clenrly discover.) who, though they
were men of s!!-r^'-r wi'dnu, aiid -odline;---, yr^ f^repping o;u
of th^'ir coui-se, ihoi a.uuns \v.intcd ihat bies^iiig, which other-
wise might have been expected.*^

15.] The wind at N. E., there was so great a tempest of
wind and snow all the night and the next day, as had not been
since our time. Five men and youths perished between Matrn-
iiJisIueliningll IJ^ofjl

1 These lines T\-crc so otrectually omsed, that, for some jears, mv desire of
decyphering them was banU-d ; but, after tv.-ice abaudomug tlie task, I gradually
obtaincd, with the aid of a gentleman much skilled in reading dlfliculL MS., a
suilicicut coufideacf in all but one v.xuhI

pail aii'i Dorchestor.J n^iH a man mMcI r. woman^ beiwcen Boston
and Koxbnry. I| Anthony jj Pick,' Jn a bark of ilib-ly
tons, cast away upon ihe head of Cape Cod. Three wt

/ere

stai-ved to death with the cold; the, other t^vo got some fire
and so lived there, by s^ueh food as tliey saved, seven weeks, till
an Indian found thou. etc. Two vessels bound for Quinipiack
were cast away at Aquiday, but tlic people saved. Mnch other
harm ^^■as done in slaving of boats, etc., and by the gi-eat tides,
H.-lrthurli

1 Dur Info'-mutlon cannot d.-nototlie line h-tnoen the English and the Lnlian
places, the names of wluih are commonly appTicd indiscriminately. The his-
torian of Tv.rchester leaves mc to conjecture : and my snppositioii is, that the
neck, of old called Dorchester Neck, now annexed to the melwpohs by the
designation oS South Boston, was IMatlapau. The e.n-ly settlement of d.e English
^rf-as made near the present yrr^-^ church, and between that and South Boston the
face ofthe cou itry was had enough for one to be lost in witlmut- an extreme
tempest of snow. It Is to bo understood from the text, that the disaster occurred
by land, not vaster.

- A very full lelarion of these j)crsons pcrislilng widi cold on Boston Neck is
given In- Johnson, with cbaractcristie deficiency of precision as to date, against
which all readers should ]icrpetually guard, lib. II. c. 15. " To end this year,
16.39, the Lo;d was pleased to send a very sharp winter, and more especially in
strong storms of weekly snows, with very bitter blasts. And here the reader
may take notice of the sad hand of the Lord against two persons, ■s\ho were
taken In a st^jrm of snow, as they were passing from Boston to Koxbury, it being
much alKJUt a mile distant, a;id a very plain way. One of Iloxburv" sending to
Boston his servant maid for a barber-chirurgeou to draw his tooth. I hey lost their
'WTiy in their passage between, and were not found till many days after, and then
the maid ATa^ touiid in on.- ];i:iee. and ihe nia:. in another, both ot' them frozen to
death; la which sad accldeni this was takea in'o consideration by di^ojs people,
that this barber was more thai\ ordinary laborious to draw men to those .-Int\d
errors, that were formerly so frequent, and now newly ovcrthro^ui, — bv the
blessing of the Lord upon the endeavor of his faithful servants with the word of
truth, — he ha^Ing a fit opportunity, by reason of his trade, so soon as anv were
set down in his chair, he would commonly be cutting of their hair and tlie truth
together; notwithstanding soiuo report better of the man, the example is f;ir t!ie
living ; tlie dv^ad is judged of the Lord alone." The barber-.surgeon was Willi am
Bmely, whose name is on p. "J-lS, with others of those disarmed for heresy, liis
son, born ten days after his father perished, v.-as baptized 6 January following,
hy the nrune, Fatliergone.

^ I knort- nothincr more of this man than that he had come to l^lir.iouth in
1G2,3, that Capt. Clap, in his Munioirs, mentions his having been taken by the
pirate Bull, and that ho leceivod his inlormatioa lioui L'lt;k's o\.ii n.'.iulli.

S16 JOHN WDrniiJor. [163S.

wliich exceeded vM bofore. This happened the doy after a
general fast, which occasioned some of our ministers to stir us
up to seek the Lord better, because he seemed to discounte-
nance the means of reconciliation. Whereupon the next o-enerul
court, by advice of the elders, a£,^reed to keep another day, and
to seek farther into the causes of such displeasure, etc.; which
accordingly was performed.

(11.) 14.] Tiic earthquake, which had continued at times
since the 1st of the 4th, was more generally felt, and the same
noise heard in many places.

30.] A church was gathered at Weymouth with approbation
of the magistrates and elders. It is observable, this church,
l;^ ving been gathered before, and so that of Lynn, could not
hold together, nor could have any elders join or hold with them.
The P'ason app-ared to be, becaiiso they did not begin accord-
ing to the rule of the gospel, which when Lynn had found and
humbled ('.lemselves for it, and began again upon a new foun-
dation, they went on with a blessing.

The people of this town of Weymouth had invited one Mr.

Ij Lenthall || ^ to come to them, with intention to call him to be

*;?S8 ^''^^"^ minister. Tiiis man, tliough of good report in En'j;-

land, coming hither, was knmd to have drank in some of

Mrs. Hutchinson's opinions, as of jastification before faith, etc.,

i|Leath.l!|!

1 Hubbard, •2 75, carefully copies his master, but neglects to enlarge our
knowledge of thi^ clergyman. I k'urn iVoru. Lia^litorcl, iLat i;e. soon aft--r,
found liiiu at ]S:'e^\-por!:, -' out of ofllce and oa.ployment, aud Iive» very poor!}."
From the proceedings in our Colony Eocords, I. 241, we find his name of bap
tliui was Kobert. C'allcndcr, 62, gives all the further Information that can be
obtained, and confirms my conjecture that he returned home: •' They procured
[for a religious teacher] ^fr. Lenthal of "W'eymoi.th, who was admitted a freiv
man here August 6, IGtO. And, August 20, Mr. Lenthal was by vote called
to keej) a public school li)r the learning of youth, and for his eucouragemenc
there was granted to him and his heirs one hundred acres of land, and four umva
for an liousc lot. It was also voted, that one hundred acres should be laid Ibrth,
and appropriated for a schi)ol. for encouragement of the poorer sort to train up
their youth in learning; ai:d Mr. Robert Lcntluil, while lie continues to t<.a<di
school. Is to have the boiicfit thereof. Hut this gentleman did not tarry hero
very long. I find liim gone to England the next year but one." It seems, tlio
New Lights of Khode island Vi'ere v/iliing to ha\c advunUi;,c of ll.a old hgat.

;iG';s.] jony wixtiirop. 347

and opposed the gatlicring of onr churches in such a way of
mutual stipulation as was practisrd among us. From the
fornuT he was soon taken ofi'upon conference with I\rr. Cotton ;
hut lio stuck close to the other, that only baptism w^as thc^door
of ciiliiince into the church, etc.. so as the comiaon sort of
people did eagerly cinbrace ids opinions, and some labored to
y^i't sucl) a cluirch on foot as all bajnized ones might communi-
cate in without any farther trial of them, etc. For this end
they procured many hands in Weymouth to a blank, intending
to have Mr. || Lenthall's |j advice to the frame of their call; and
he likewise was very forward to become a minister to them in
such a way, and diil openly maintain the cause. But the
magistrates, hearing of this disturbance and combination,
thonglit it needful to stop it betimes, and |(-ergo|| the^' called
Ml. Ij '^l-eiiThall,|j anJ ;<orue of the chief of the faction, to the
next general court in the 1 month, wht-re Mr. || *Lenthalh|: hav-
ing before conferred willi ^'jme of tlic magistrates and of the
ciders, and being convinced both of his error in judgment, and
of his sin in practice to the distiubance of our peace, etc., did
openly and freely retract, with expression of much giief of heart
for hi? offence, and did deliver his retractation in writing, under
)iis liund, in the open court ; whereupon he was enjoined to
appear at the next court, and in the mean time to make and
deliver the like recantation in some public assembly at Wey-
mouth. f.>o the ct'urt stopped for any fuither censm-e by fine,
or, etc., though it was much urged by some.

At the same comt owl- Smith v^as coinicted and {IneJ £20 f )r
being a chief stinei in tlie business; an<i one Silvester ».^qq
was disfranchised; and one Britton, who had spoken re-
proachfully of the answer, which v\-a.- sent to ISlr. Barnard his
book against our church covenant, and of some of our elders,
and had sided with Mr. \\ Lenthail, j| etc., was openly whipped,
because he had no estate to answer, etc.

llLeafball'sJI ||-so|| iJ-LeathaUII IpLeatliaU|] ll^Lcat'ialli

^ Of till ; extraordinary tyranny (I can appropriate no iniliier word) ail t!:at
our court has left on record is Lcro cxtnictoJ from vol. I. 210:

" l-'i of 1, lC.08-9, John Smyth, for dlsturbini,^ the public pf-a.-i' by ooinhininj;
■'sith others to hinder tlic oidtii-. iiadieriiiir of a church at AVc\ m.ji-lli, and to

^16 JOIIX WD^TliriO]'. [[G3S.

Mo. 1.] A printing liouHe was be;^un at CambricU'c by one
Daye, at tho charge of Mr. Glover, who died on ^ea hither-
ward. Tile, fast thing wliich was printed was the fretancn's
oath.; *the next was an almanac made for New England by
Mr. WiUiani Peirce, mariner;* the next was the Psalms newly
turned into incire.^

§ A ]>ku)tation was begun by Sandwich, and was called Yar-
mouth, in Pliuiouth j irisdiction.§

Another plantation was begun, upon the north side of Mer-
rimack, called Sarisbury, §now Colchester ;§ another at AVin-

•=-!^t up aiiotlier tliei'e, contrary to tlie orders Lere established, and the constant
practice of all our churches, ai.d for nndue i)racuring the hands of many to a
blank for thot purpose, is fined £20, and committed during the pleasure ot" court
or the coinicil.

"Richard Silvester, for going ivith Smyth to get hands to a blank. Ti-as dis-
franchised, and lined £'2.

" Mr. Ambrose ]\larten, for calling the churcli covenant a stinking carrion,
and a hiinnn invention, and saying he wondered at God's patieu<?e, feared it,
vould end in the sharp, and said the ministers did dethrone Christ and set up
themselves; he was fined £lO, and counselled to go to IVIr. ^Mather, to be in-
structed by him.

"Mr. Tliuuias ^lakepeace, because of his novel disposition, was informed, we
were weary of him, unless he reform."

These two latc'-r offenders are supposed by m.- to be among the conspirators
for a free church, because their offences and sentences are related next ailer
the former, and ^tather was the minister nearest to Weymouth. It is observa-
ble, that nothing is said of liritton's crime or punishment. It was, probably,
thougla unnecessary to burden the. rreord -.\lLh l-ucu a t ase, Ihoii'.'i ■■. »■ shor.ld,
in moUi.'in fuao.-?, iLink very ditlLreuUv. Lculuoid says. ■■ho. v.^^i ^vliipped
eleven stripes," and his guilt is by that author r.'pre=ented as "saying that some
of the ministers in the bay wti.; Bro\>nisrs."

Yet a very humane and judicious critic, in 3 Mass. IJist. Col. IJT. 403, the
late admirable Jiuues Bowdoiu, doubted the soundness of this charge of " ex-
traordinary tyranny."

^ Jhe history of printing, at least in America, has been illustrated with e.v-
emplary diligeui-f, in two anuisinir volumes, by Is.iidi Tbomas, who treats ol' hi*
own profess!. .11 with enual skill and atfeetiou. The place, where it was fii^t
practised in these English colonies, has been ever since devoted to the cause of
letters, by the establishment of a College, having the widest flime of any ou
this side of tlie. Atlantic, though long intervals have elapsed witliout the t\er-
cise of tlie press.

i 03:-.] JOHN v^^^' rimop. 3 . c>

icowett called Unmpfon, ^^■hio|; g^^ve oocn.ion of !!soino|! <1]L
forcnce benveen us and some of Pascal aqnack, which "
grew thus: Mr. Wheelwright, being banished fVom u. *^^^^
withered a eompany ond ^at down bv the lali. of Pascatamiack
and called their lown Exeter; and for their enlargement they
cl-alt with an Indian there, and bought of him Winicowett
etc., and theu wrote to us what they had done, and that tuJ
uTtcnded ic lot out all thos(^ lands in fanns, except we eonld
sliow a better title. Tliey wrote also to those whom we had
sent to plant Winieowett to have them desist, etc. The-e let-
ters coming to the general court, they returned answer, tliat
tticy looked at tliis their dealiiig as against good neighborhood,
_ •• ;g.(^:i, and -oin^non honesty; that, knowing we claimed Win-
ieowett as \xit\nn our patent, or as vacuum domicilium, and had
taken posse:^ion thereof by building an house there above two
years since, they should now go and pin-chase an unknown
tide, and then come to || ^inquire J{ of our riglit. It was in the
same letter also manifestly proved, that the Indians havin-
onl3. a natural right to so m-u-h land as the.- had or could im^
prove, so as the rest of the country lay open to any that coukd
and would uupiovc it, as by the said letter more at lar-e doth
a])l/ear.^

In this year one James [r^Everelllp a sober, discreet man,
and two other.^. sav/ a great liidit in the ni'-hr at Muddy River.
^Vhen it stood still, it flamed rq>, and was about three yards
square; when it ran, it was contracted into the figure of a
^^wine: it ran ;;. ,,umu as an a:To>v towards Cl^ru-lton, and ^o up
and down about tuo or three Hours. Tiicy were come down

I rem tins paragrap]! my siispicir.n >vas first cxcitod of the autheuticifv of
tl.o lud.an deed to Whcehvi-ig}it, tlie first article iu Appendix to Belkr.ap's
j^'jw Hamp. I. The scrutiny has convinced me, that it i.s a forgery; hut tLc
'-■«gth of the inquiry renders it expedient to postpone it to tiie xippe'ndix II.

- He was a man of roi)utariou, activity, and good estate in liost<in many
years afterwards. With his wite, Elizabeth, ho had been received into l>.^s~
ton duirch 20 of July, U34, being Xos. 23D. 240. Jlis will, mad. 11 De-
^'>"bor, 16^2, pruvod 2 February IbHowiug, is foLiud ia our Trobato Jlv^.trv,
vol. M. 4u0. o . »

350 JOITN WIXTFIROP. [IGrK

in tlseir lighter obont a n\ile, nnd. when it \yas over, the.y founi]
themselves carried q lite back against the tide to the place tl!;>v
carne from. Divcr> other credible persons saw the same light,
after, about the same j)lace.^

*0Q] '^'^'^ general court, in tht^ 7th mo. last, gave order to the
govcrnonr to vvritc to them of Pascataqnack, to signify 1o
them,. that we looked at it as an unneighborly part, that they
should cnconrage and advance sucli as we had cast out from
us for their oflences, before they liad inquired of ns the cau-e,
etc. (The occasion of this letter was, that they had aided JNIr.
\^'^leel^^Tight to begin a plantniion there, and intended to mak''
Capt. tinderhiil their governotir in tlic room of Mr. Burdett,
who I:aJ ihrust out Capi. Wiggin. set in there by the lords, etc.)
Upon this, CajVu Underiiill (beiiig chosen governour there)
wrote a letter to a young gentleman, (who sojourned in the
house of our governour,) wherein he reviles }] the jj -governonr
with reproachful terms and imprecations of vengeance upon u-^
all. This letter being showed to the governour and councij.
the governour, by advice, WTote the letter to Edv.-ard Ililton as
is before mentioned, page [bhn;k,] mo. 10, 13. The capiaiu
was so nettled wirli this letter, and especially because his
adulterous life with the cooper's wife at Boston was now dis-
covered, and the churcli had called him to come and make an-
swer to it ; but he made many excuses, as want of liberty, be-
ing a banished man, (yet the governoitr and council had sent
him a safe conduct.) and upon his pretence of the insufficiency
of iiKtt, ihe genc'i'.d ronrr sent l^ka ario.her Coi /t\\\-c. montli-.
Bur, instead of cuuiing, lie proe-wred a nev." chiu-eli at Pascata-
quack of some few loose men (v/ho had cliosen one -Mf-

II our ;;

^ This account of can iuuis fatuus may ea.-;ily be believed on testimony !o.r.>
respectible tlian tliat ■vnIiIcIi -vvas adduced. Some operation of tlic devil, or
otber jKi-wtr beyond the customan,- agent.> of nature, -was probably imagined by
the relators and bearers of that age, and ilie wonder of being carried a n\- i*
against tlie tide bocrune important corroboration of sucb a fancy. Perhiij'T
they were v afled, during the two or three hours' astonishment, for so uiod< rat.' .
a distance, by the wind; but, if this suggestion bo rejected, -we n;igiit suppo-''.
that the eddy, tlowing always, in our rivers, contrary to the tide iu the chaiau'r
rather than the meteor, carried their lighter back.

3(-8S.] JOITS YVTlN'TUROP. 35i

Knolles,^ a weak mjiiister, lately coine out of England, ^.-^Qr,
and it-jeeted by ns for holding vsomc of jMib. Hutchinson's
opinions) to write to our church at Boston in his conuncnda-
tion, wherein they style him the right worshipfal, their honored
governour; all which notwithstanding, the church of Boston
proceeded with him; and, in the mean time, the general court
wrote to all the chief inhubitanis of Pascataquack, and sent
them a copy of his letters, (wherein he professeth himself to
be an instrument ordained of God for our ruin,) to know,
whetlier it were with, their privity and consent, that he sent us
such a defiance, etc., and whether tiiey would maintain him in
such practices against us, etc.

Those of Pascataquack returned answer to us by two several
letters. Those of the plantation disclaimed to have any hand
in his miscardages, etc., and oll'erixl to call him to account, etc.,
whensoever we woukl send any io inform against him. The
others at the river's mouth disclaimed likewise, and showed
their indignation against him for his insolences, and their readi-
ness to join in any fair course for our satisfaction ; only they
desired us to have some compassion of him, and not to send
any forces against him.

After this, Capt. UnderhiU's courage was abated, for the
chiefcst in the river fell from him, and the rest little regarded
him, ?o as he v/rote letters of retractation to divers ; and, to

^ Ilanserd KnoUys is a name of considemble repute among tbe early Bap-
tists in l^ngland. -.vhero, !:.':e tlic other uivi'io;; ol" o'lr fir-:' sel-tl'v ;•>, lu^ had bei-u
episcopally ordaiued. Ailcr a rcsideucc of a few yoard h\ oar coantry, the
account of -^vhich, little creditable to hi? morals, TviU appear in other parts of
this History, he returned home. Something of his sufferings, for the new doc-
trines, at the hands of the persecuting parliament and ludepoudonts, during the
great age of anarchy, will be found in Toulmin's edition of Xeal's rurltaus, III.
551, 2, 3. lie was persecuted by the other side, in the following age of prelat-
ical tlomlnatinn, and his sutlerings were probably of use to hiui. Hubbard, o.")C,
Las preserved the famous Bastwick's play upon his name, — Absurdo KnowKss.
His reputation was so much improved in his latter days, that Mather, III. calls
him f/odlij, and assures us he died " a good man in a good old age." Belknap,
K. II. I. 45, with precision, notl.-cs his years and death, '■ Sept. 19, IC'Jl, JrA^i.
niuety-thrcf." Eliot includes him, but Allen does not.

In his notice v? Knollys, wlio lA't an aiii'»b;...graphy, Brook liail large mate-
rials, and seems to have wc:U urcd thtm. Lives of the I'uritau-, Itl. -VJl.

852 JOILSf AYIXl-HROP. [IQ2S.

show his wisdom, he wrote a letter to the deputy and the
court, [nut mentioning the governoiu,) wherein he sent the
copies of some of the governours letters to Pascataquaek, sup-
posing that ^^oniething would appear in them either to extenu-
ate his fault, or to lay blame upon the governour; but he
failed in both, for the go\ernour was able to make good what
he had written.

[Largo bl2jak.]

16.] There was so violent a wind at S. S. E. and S. as the
like was not since we came into this land. It began in the
evening, and increased till midnight It overturned sonje new,
strong houses ; but the Ijord miraculously preserved old, weak
cottagr-.^ It tare dov/n fences, — people j] ran || out of their
houses in the night, etc. There came such a rain -^'ithal, as
raised the waters at Coimecticut twenty feet above their
meadows, etc.

».-)q.-> The Indinns nccir Aquiday being paww^awing in this
tempest, the devil came and fetched away five of them.
Quere.-

At Providence things grew stiU worse ; for a sister of JVIrs.
Hutchinson, the wife of one Scott,^ being infected with Ana-
baptistry, and going last year to live at Providence, JMr, "Wil-
liams was taken (or rather emboldened) by her to make open
profession thereof, and accordingly was rebaptized by one
II came I!

1 It" tL • I'.c-.- l.oGiC:^ were Li-ii'.-r, ivc uiay reasonably doubt the miracle. The
oak break? nnd tiiQ ■willoAV bcufls, a'TordlRg to the latvs of nature, not by their
suspension.

^ The la5t T,orfl seems to bo of a later date. Pcrhon.^ tlie story staggered the
credulity of Z^Lither. But if the author meant only, that a violent tlood, raised
by the prince of the power of the air, carried off these natives and drowned
them, we may regret the conseoj^uence, at least as much as we deride rhe man-
ner of expression. A greater lots from such cause is related in this volume,
166, August, tfi.35.

^ Puchanl S'/ott, shoemaker, had been a<lmitted of Fioston church 23 August,
lf!o4, being Xo. 2';o, and is, I presuni.e, the same person, who, with Greene,
IloHiman, the two Arnolds, and others, derived title in the lauds of Providence
under Wili'aoi^ Calleuder, 1.!.

lG:i^.j JOHN vriXTiiiior. 3/3:j

llolyman,^ a poor man- late of Salem. Then Mr. "Williams
rebapti/ed him and tome ten more. They also denied the bap
tiziug of infants, and would have no magistrates.^

.At Aquiday, also, Mrs. Hutchinson exercised publicly, and
she and her party (scuic'' three or four families) would have no
nmgistracy. She sent also an admonition to the church of
J'oston ; but the elders would not read it publicly, because she
was excommunicated. By these examples v/e may see how
dangerous it is to slight the censures of the church ; for it was
apjinrent, that God had given them up to j] strange j| delu- ^^^.
sions. Those of Aquiday also had entertained two men,
whom the church of Roxbury had excommunicated, and one of
th.-in did c\er(:iso publicly there. For this the church of Bos-
ton called in question such of them as were yet their members ;
an<l Mr. Coddington, being present, not freely acknowledging
his shi, (though he confes-ed him.self in some fault,) was sol-
emnly admonished.

This is fm-ther to be observed in the delusions which this
people were taken with : Mrs. Iluichinson and some of her
II stron? jl

1 Ezeklel nolliin:in, founder, -rritli eleven others, of the first Baptist church in
America, is well spoken of, as a man of gifts and piety, by those who knew hini
best Sec Benedict- A 1. our general court, March, 1G37-8, being summoned,
'• because he did not frequent tlie public assemblies, and for seducing many, he
was referred by the court to the ministers for conviction." Of the execution of
such a sentence, to the uttermost, we should in vain look for a. 7-i:cord, and per-
il -ips it may be i bought a revanl rather ;!r.iu a pimish'.neut. ibey .\hoai-c
found guilty of entertaining other notions than the court are seldom in a good
temper for conviction after judgment. Tlie dissenter thanked his judges, 1
sup])ose, fur the opportunity of a conference.

- Hubbard, 3.'3S, in transcribing this passage, candidly changes "poor man"
into '• mean fellow." The ministers f;uled, probably, to enliiditen his con-
science.

^ ]i the like assertion of rejecting magistracy, which, in the text immediately
afler, is made about Rhode Island, be untrue, as will be clearly proved, we may
doubt this alleged insanity of the people at "Williams's plantation. 'NVhen shall
ve have a true history of Rhode Island, wirh the temper of Callender and the
opportunities of Hutchinson ?

■* Sare b given by Hubbard instead of '= some;" but although the .MS. has
not become more legible in the interveniisg huiidiedand forty veal's, . I prefer
niy eyesight to his, as m.iy our readei-s the seiisc of the pass;igc.

30*

3-54 JO] FN WlNTilROP. [1030.

aclht.Tent< happened to Ijc at prayer when the earthquake was
at j\quiclay, etc., and the house behig shaken thereby, they
weie persuaded, (and boasted of it,) that the Holy Ghost did
shake it in corning down upon them, as he did upon the
apoftles.

[Blauk.]
(2.)] A plantation was begun betw^een Ipswich and New-
bury. The occasion was this : Mr. Eaton and Mr. Davenport
having determined to sit down at Quinipiack, there came over
one Mr. Ezekiel Rogers, second son of that truly faithful servant
of God, ?vli-. Richard Rogers of Weathersfield in England, and
with him some twenty families, godly m.en, and most of them of
good e:>i.atu. Tliiri Mr. Rogers, being a man of special note in
Englmd' for his zeal, piety, and other parts,^ they labored by
all means to draw jj with them jj to Quiuipiaek, and had so far
prevailed with him, being newly come, and unacquaiiued with
the slate of the country, as they had engaged him; yei, being a
very wise man, and considering that many of quality- in Eng-
land did depend upon his choice of a tit place for thein, he
agreed upon such j} -proijositions || and cautions, as, though they
promised to fulfil thern all, (whereupon he sent divers of his
peo])le thither before winter,) yet, when it came to, they v»'ere
not able to make good what they had promised. Whereupon
he consulted with the elders of the bay, and, by their advice,
etc., holding his former engagement released, he and his people
took that place by Ipswich ; and because some farms had been
granted .■■.• jp Ariel' a-id .'\o^"l->nry, whicli v.-uuld be p/rejudIci:'->
to their plantation, they bought out the owners, disbursing
|ihini[| II -proposals II

1 In Oliver's History of Beverley in Yorkshire appears sufficient evidence >n
the esteem in -whicli Eogers was Leld. Complaint being made in Chancer}- ot
gross mi^appHi/ation of funds, by Queen Elizabeth bestowed on the church oi
St. ^lary in that borough, a commission was issued to inquire by a jury or other-
wise. It was directed to the Archbishop of York, the Earl of Cuml'crlaml,
three bai-onets, six knijihts, eiL'ht esquires, and seven clergymen, of whom the
first named was our K'u.'hard Iti^gors.

- ^Mather mentions two names of person?. Sir A\'ill:am Constable and Sir
!Mattliew Coynton, who designed to accompany him.

1639.]

JOHN ■\VDs'THIlOP,

therein about £800; and he sent a pinnace to Quinipiack to
fntch back the rest of his people ; but jNlr. Eaton and 3.lr.
Davenport, and others of Connecticut, (being impatient of tiie
loss of him and his people,) staid the pinnace, and sent a mes-
senger with letters of purpose to recover him again. This ,.-,(^_-
made him to desire the elders to assemble again, and he
showed them the letters they sent, (which wanted no arguments,
though some truth ;^) but he made the case so clear, by letters
which had passed bet\veen them, etc., as they held him still free
from all engagement ; and so he returned answer to them, and
went on with his plantation.

[Large blank.]

The Indians of Block Island sent, for their tribute this year,
ten fathom of wampompeak.

One Mr. Howe,- of Lynn, a godly man, and a deputy of the
last general court, after the court was ended, and he had dined,
being in health as he used to be, went to pass over to Charles-
town, and, being alone, he was presently afier found dead upon
the strand, being there (as it seemed) waiting for the boat, which
came soon after.

(3.) 2.] i\Ir. Cotton, preaching out of the 8 of Kings, 8,
taught, that when magistrates are forced to provide for the
maintenance of ministers, etc., then the churches are in a de-
clining condition. There he showed, tliat the ministers' main-
tenance should be by voluntary contribution, not by land-, or
rcveimos, o- tithes, etc. ; for these !i have jj nl-.\ays been arcom-
panied Vv ith pride, contention, and sloth, etc."
; ■ ■ - >. - II things tacljl

1 Tlie exertions of the New Haven gentlemen, to acquire so imporlant a con-
federate as Kogers, might lead to a little exaggeration; but the insinuation of
falsehood against such characters, a.s Eaton and Davenport, needs not to be
repelled. As they hai-mouized in symbols of doc-trine and church forms vrith
our colonists, so rude a charge upon thtm is more extraordinary than many
suggestions -sve find against the lovers of episcopacy or the latitudinarian-5 of
llnode Island.

^ Edward Ilov.e had been representative in all the courts the year preceding.
There uas, in Lynn, another llo^vo, perhaps brother of Edward, nancjd Daniel,
of whom, in the progress of this History, something v. ill l;o told.

* Cotton did rot often preach more sound doctrine, though I am not satis-

.\'y

356 JOHN -^VDs'THKOr. [1639.

11 .] The two chief sachems of Nar;if;aiisett sent the govern-
oiir a present of thuiy fathom of waniponi, and Sequin, the
sachem of Connecticut, sent ten fathom.

At Aqniday the people grew very tumultuous, and put out
]\Ir. Coddington and the other three magistrates, and chose Mr.
William IFutchinson onl}', a man of a very mild temper and
weak parts, and wholly guided by his wife, who had been the
*9Qr ^^o^'^"^'"" ^f ^^^ '^^^^ former troubles in the country, and stiJl
continued to breed disturbance.^

fied -witli the pertinency of the text, •n-hich -was, undoubtedly, In the second
book.

- llt-i'e X luiu ledeeiQ the I'lodge, given in note 3, on page 293, of sliowing
this relation erroneous. The Hon. Samuel Eddy, many years secretary of the
state of Rhodo Is'-md, and a consistent asserter of the doctrine of rehgious
liberty, for ^^'hich his fellow-citizens inay feel as great obligation, as I do for his
antiquariLiQ diligence in furnishing the State Papers, 2 Hist. Coll. ^'H. 75-113,
besides other valuable infomiatlou, has supplied the e\-ideuce. In a letter of
18 tlanuary, 1817, now before me, after quoting from Hubbard, 338, 0, what
that historian had copied from our text, he adds: '■ Now this, not to notice the
contradiction, is altogether without foundation, and contrary to the whjle tenor
of the records, which admit of no such construction. On the first settlement of
the island, tucy cJiose Coddington (7th 1st month, 1038, the day of their incor-
poration) their judge. He reraali ed sole judge untd the I'd of the 11th month,
1638, when they chose three elders to his assistance, viz. !Xicholas Eastou, John
Coggeshall, and VriUiam Brenton. Ihcse all continued in otlice until the liHh
of the Ist month, IG-IO, when thoy ordered their chief magistrate to be called
governour, the next, deputy governour, and Easton, Coggeshall, William
/ZufoAi«wn, ni'd Jvhr "P'Ti-err.: ' ■..'■'^, S.r one year. Yl.U vra:; tl\' v)idy time
t'lat William T'lt^;;;'.! ..jh wa-. kIl- :ii to ofure. The tour fullowlr.g yeai-s,
Coddington and Brenton were re-elected. 1641, Coggeshall, Eobert Harding,
"\7iUiam Balston, and John Porter, were chosen assistants. The three following
years, they were all re-elected. In 1G42, according to Hutchinson, (Vol. I. p.
72,) "SYilllam Hutchinson died on llhode Iskmd. The same year, according to
Hubbard, Mrs. Hutchinson and family ' removed to some place under th.e
Dutch,' and were destroyed by the Indians."

" The fuct, in itself, is, to be sure, of not much importance ; though it removes
from Mrs. Hutchinson a part of tlie evidence of her being a meddling and
troublesome woman. But, so far as it shows the materials from which the
historian composed his narrative, it is uf considerable importance. Vague
reports ought never to be adopted iu oj^position to i-ccords. Neither ought they
to be adopted at all, but af such; and not then, imii! the proper sources of
information have been examined. I am apprehensivv, liiat much of vdiat kw
been said, and continues to be said, of the first settku-s of this state, b founded

1030.] joed; wi^^TnPvOP. ^r

They also gathered a chiirch in a very disorde.ipd way
for they took sorric excommunj'ca^cd persons, and others '

197

on tlie same kind of atitliority. I puqiose lieren.fter to show something of tli!.-- in
ti.ic case of Gorton, ^\Lo appears to have boc-u the common butt of aUthe v:ivU;
and i=ome late vn-kcn, tliau whom, I am persuaded, no one of the first setdei< of
this country has nveivod more unnipnicd reproach, nor any one suffered so
mnoh injustice. His opinions on reli;.noii3 subjects were, probably, souicvvliai;
sinirnlar, though cerla'uly not more so than those of many at this da v. But
that was ki3 business ; his opinions were hJs own, and he had a rir/ht to them."

'^ly correspondent <lled before fulfihnent of his promise about Gorton. But ■
he was told, that Hubbard i- innocadly chargeable with following nmterials from
which he did not so much compose, as conipile, or ratlier copy, his work. To
prevent all succeeding writers from looking into the hisloHan of Ipsmch, as an
orir;{nd authority, f:.r any fact which "^Vinthrop had relate.!, T subjoin to this
protracted note two considerations, from which the just valu- of his book mav
be ascertained.

^ 1. Hufchinson, tin most dJligenf; and exact of all writers of colonial history,
since Wnthrop, who.-e work he could not see, at the opening of his laboi-s. men-
tions liis apparatus: " among the rest a manuscript history of Mr. Wjli iA>f
HuBUAEi>, wliich is oarri-d down to the year 1680, but, r//to- looO, contains
hut few facts" Xow, oar author's work brings the series of events to I'US,
wLeu be dIe<L Yet, though Hubbard wa.? in the prime of lifo for the thirty
years follo'.^.ing, be seems to have slighted most of the occurrences, in whicli he
should have felt the deepest intere.t, if be had not also f^U his incapacity to
appear the relater of them. A small part of his volimie was, certainly, comjillcd
from several scarce tracts relative to the discovery of our coast and the early
voyages to it; and, f.r any thing of date preceding 16.S0, his information is
sometimes authentic, aad often cnrioTI^^ A collation with iMorton's Memorial
will, however, prove the facility with wlileli Hubbard transcribed whole pnges
in succession, even from a printed book. But from the lim.- when Winthrop
came to his aid, he generously relies o;. M;ji, aad deems •;!.• 1 .;;ur of copving
sulficient. So that uiore than seven eighths of his vokune, belvv-cen IGoO and
I'JSO, is borrowed, usnally by specific extracts, occasionally with unimportant
changes, from the t-xt of the Father of Massachusetts. It must bo acknowledged,
however, that, sometimes, he wsely abbreviates; though nuicli more frequently
he slides over cireunistances, as dates or nimabers, in wliich the chirography of
the ilS. would have given kim too much trouble to bo accurate. I would
recommend to any studious lover of our c-.rly history to go llirough from piges
128 to 536 of Hubbard, and in his margin to note the corresponding p;issag.-s
from this Hlstorv".

2. Dr. Holmes, in liis invaluable Annuls, a work which almost oompen-atos
ior our loss of the accuracy of Prince, rcfened, between ]iagi's i'.o.'- and 317
<^>i \ oi. 1. in his first edition, narrating events within the bniii? of time, for which
\^ uuhrop could and did afibrd assist;ui'e, not less than nne hundred and seven
times to the MS. of Hubbard. Xow fifty-six of tliese citations arc of pa.<>ages

358 • JOHN WEsTHROP. n(^y^cj

who were members of the church of Boston and not dis-
missed.^

*29S ^^"^ "^^^^ *^^'*^ regiments in the bay were mustered at

JJoston, to the number of one thousand soldiers, able men,

and well armed and exercised. They \vere |jled,|| the one by

the governour, who was general of all, and the other by the

deputy, who was colonel, etc. The captains, etc., showed

them-clvcs veiy skilful and ready in divers sorts of skirmishes

and otlicr military actions, wherein they spent the whole- day .'-

One of Pascataquack, having opportunity to go into Mr.

Burdet his study, and finding there the copy of his letter to the

archbishops, sent it to the governour, which was to this effect:

II headed II

taken litoraliy by Hubbard from our History, and three fourths of the iuiiaining
fifty-one are .su(>h as the Ipswich historiau adoi-ted, with alteration- utterly
trivial, from t)ic same authorky. Printing, therefore, lamentably redueed the
value of that ]MS., as all antiquaries, it may be ];resimied, would ackn()wleda:e
higher veneration fur -written than printed evidence. Yet the scrupulous
annalist ma)- easily lie al)SoIv-ed from censure ; fiir, when his volumes were put
forth, it had never been considered, whence Hubbard derived his treasures.
Tliose which could not be found in the first edition of Winthrop, must have been
sought ill Hubbard; and of the fourteen last citations by Dr. Holmes, within
the space aliove-meutioned, eleven will be seen, from the part of the History
now published, to he literal extracts. All this process of veritleation, the work
of a few hours, if not too easily credited by my reailcrs, will atford, to any who
attempt it, sufficient amusement, and at the same time furnish infallible means
of ascertaining the relative value of the testimony furnished by each of the
witnesse-, H ;•■■...! a:.d ^ViL■h>■G;>.

1 Those mMnln.-rs of iSo^tou church who hal been driven by intolerance to
the new region, if they gathered a church at all, must do it in a disordered
way ; for th.ey might well apprehend, that an application for dismission would
be rejected, and jjci'hajjs punished by excommunication. The anathema against
the outcasts, 1 suppose, belongs also to all who receive them. In 2 Hist. Coll. X.
184, is a long letter of Cotton, in the name of the church of Boston, to Francis
Hutchinson, at Aquettlnck, or llhode Island, refusing dismission, tlioui^h it
appears to have been solicited on two grounds, of his remote situation rendering
it impossible for him to perform the duties of his covenant at Boston, and also
of his natural obligation to attend upon his parents.

2 Wonder- working rrovidencc is chiefly valueil for its account uf the military
array of the piuple la their several settlements, lib. H. c. 2C,, the author having
been better arqu.untcd v/iih th.e use of the sv.ord than the Bible, though so
frequently aii.bitious of exhiblMug Ins dexterity ia hauil'In- the won!.

IGCO.l JOIIX VniNTHROP.

309

That he^ did dolay to go iiiio lia-gland, because he would fuUy
inform himself of the state of tiie people here ia regard of alle-
giance ; and tliat it was not discipline that was now so much
aimed at, as sovereignty; and that it was accounted I| perjury ij
and treason iu our general courts to speak of appeals to the
King.

The first sliips, which came this year, brought him letters
from the archbishops and the lords commissioners for planta-
tions, wherein they gave him ihanks for his care of his majesty's
service, etc., and tliat they would take a time to redress such
disorders as he Ir.d informed them of, etc., bat, by reason of the
nmch business now hiy upon them, they could not, at present,
accomplish his desire. These letters lay above fourteen days
in the bay, and some moved tljc governour to open them; but
himself and others of the com^cil thought it not safe to meddle
with them, nor would take any notice of them; and it fell out
well, by God*s good providence ; for the letters, (by some
means) were opened, (yet without any of their i)rivity or con-
sent,) and :Mr, I'urdet threatened to complain of it to the lords;
and afterwards we liad knowledge of the contents of them by
son\<- of his own friends.

The governour received letters from IMr. Cradock, and in
thr^m another order fi-om the lords commissioners, to this ef-
fect : That, when-as they had received our petition upon their
iormer order,^ etc., by which they perceived, that we were
taken with some jealousies and fears of tlieir intentions.
e!c., Thpy did a^'(:cp; of 0!?r ;;n^\ver, and did now declare their
intentions to be only to regulate all j)lantation3 to be sub- ,.5, ^
ordinate to the said commission ; and that they meant to
continue our liberties, etc., and therefore did now again per-
emptorily require the governour to send them our patent by the
first ship; and that, in the mean time, 'hey did give us, by tliat
order, full power to go on in the government of the people until
u-e had a new patent sent us; and, withal, they added tlirc.us
of further course to be taken with us, if we failed.

This order being imparted to the next general court, some

i^e ji.u'c 2e?.

3G0 JOHN vnxTnROi'. m g^g

advised to return answer to it. Others tli ought fitter to make
DO answer at all because, being sent in a private letter, and not
delivered by a certain messenger, as the former order was,
they could not proceed upon it, because they could not have
^any proof that it was delivered to the governour; §and or-
der was taken, that j\lr. Cradock's agent, who delivered the
letter to the governour, etc., should, in his letters to his roaster,
make no mention of the letters he delivered to the govern-
our, § seeing his master liad not laid any charge upon him to
that end.

Mr. Haynes, the governour of Connecticat, and Mr. Hook-
er, etc., came into the bay, and staid near a month. It appear-
ed by thera, that they were desirous to renew the treaty of
confederation with us, and though themselves would not move
it, yet, by their means, it was moved [j to |j oiu general court,
and accepted: for they were in some doubt of the Dutch, who
had lately received a new governour,^ a more discreet and
sober man than the former, and one who did complain much of
the injury done to them at Connecticut, and was very for-
ward to hold correspondency with us, and very inquisitive how
things stood between us and them of Connecticut, which occa-
stoned us the more readily to renew the former treaty, that the
Dutch might not take notice of any breach or alienation be-
tween us.

22.] The coiut of elections was; at which time there was a
small eclipse of the sun. Mv. "Winthrop was chosen governour
ag:un, though ^ome laboring; h;-.! brfu, by some of the elders
§and others § to have changed, not out of any dislike of him,
(for they all loved and esteemed him,) but out of their fear lest
it might make way for haWng a governour for life, which some
had propounded as most agreeable to God's institution and the
practice of all well ordered states. But neither the governour

libvU

1 llis namo was Willhun Kii^ft; and of him frt'qnont notice will oeciir in the
interminable n.-otiaUons betu-een the Dutch and our New England colouici.
It is hardly n-x-essar^- to refer the reader, for amusement at hh e.xpense, to
Knickerbocker's Kew York.

1G:39.] JO"^ WINTHROP. op,!

nor any other attcinpted the thing; though soryc jealous- ,.,^
it s arose vhich were increased by two ocetisions. The
first was, there being want of assistants, the governour ai!;!
other magistrates thought fit (in the warrant for the couri) i<>
]-!ropound three, amongst whicli ]Mr. Do^vning, the govenionr's
brother-in-law, was Oiie,»which they conceived to be don'-, to
strengthen his party, and therefore, though he were known to
be a very able man, etc., and one who had done many good
oflices for the country for these ten years, yet the people would
noi choose him.^ Another occasion of their jealousy was, the
court, finding the number of deputies to be much increased
by the addition of new plantations, thought fit, for the ease both
of the country and the court, to reduce all towns to two depu-
ties.^ This occasioned some to fear, that the magistrates in-
tended to make themselves sUonger, and the deputies weaker,
and so, in time, to bring all pov»-er into the hands of the mag-
istrates ; so a? the people in some towns were much displeased
with their dejralies for yielding to such an order. Wherenpon,
at the next session, it was propounded to have the number of
de{)uties restored ; and allegations were made, that it was an
infringement of their liberty ; so as, after much debate, and
such reasons given for diminishing the number of deputies, and
clearly proved that their liberty consisted not in the number,
but in the thin5j-, divers of the deputies, who came with intent
to reverse the last order, were, by force of reason, brought to
uphold it ; so that, when it was put to the vote, the last on1er

' It is by no nicaus rcmarkaWc, that thi,^ measure caused some jcalou=;v-.
For the exact parasooloiry employed, on tlus occasion, by ttie assistant.-, soi;
Addemla. Yet [ find tlii.s memorandimi ou the last page of our first vohanc
of Colony Records, in ] fiU : 'Olr. Flint, Mr. Symonds, [Mr. I)uminer, yir.
Tynjj;. ]Mr. Downing, and ]Mr. Pynchoon, are to bo propounded to the towns i"r
new magistrates."

^ Foresight, rather than experience, must have led to the adoption oi thii
remedy ; for the number of deputies, at the court in [March preceding. aui<nr. t-
ed only to thirty-three, and had never been greater. r>nt, in fact, the sii.:d,T
towns had not exercised their full right, and the change was probably ni.vlc,
becau-e two might represent either of the other to^vns as well a.^ three. 1 'r-
hap.v it w;.s thouglit, tl;ut not more thau t-wo fit men could b-' i'>"ii^l '-' ■'"'"'^
towns.

VOL. I. 31

S62 JOHN- WINTITROP. [1639.

for two do]:)utic:^ only wo.s confirmed. Yet, the next day, a pe-
tition was brought to the court from the freemen of Roxbnry,
to have thn l( third deputy [J restored. Whereupon the reasons
of the court's proceedings were set down in writing, and all ob-
jections answered, and sent to such towns as were unsatisfied
with, this advice, that, if any could take away those reasons, or
*301 ^^'"^'^n "^ better for what they did desire, we should be
ready, at the next court, to repeal the said order.^
The hands of some of the elders (learned and godlv men)
"were to this petition, though suddenly drawn in, and without
due consideration, for the lawfulness of it may well be ques-
tioned : for when the people have chosen men to be their ru-
le..^, .....1 ,j i:.r,k!; thrMr laws, and bound themselves by oath to
submit thereto, now to combine together (a lesser part of them)
in a public petition to have any order repealed, which is not
repugnant to the law of God, savors of resisting an ordinance
of God ; for the people, having deputed others, have no power
li'Uiree deputies |!

^ Early prarti:'e and ki-w jcom to have established the equality of rci'reseuta-
tion from towns ; tliough it was, aftur a few years, restricted in some degree.
Towns havintr loss than twenty freemen were allowed but one deputy, and
those less tiian ten, none, though the freemen of such towns were permitted to
unite in eleetion with the next towns. A " liberty of sending or not sending
deputies" was very early exercised by the towns, and allowed by the house. It
has constantly l)eea enjoyed since, subject, however, to a discretion of the body
in imposing fine-; for neglect; and, though a little more restricted under the
provincial tlsan t'le coloiiy iiovcrur.ient, is pr-rf.'ctly T.tll s.ti!. d ii,i.!,.-r our pres-
ent constitution as an independent state. From the date in tiie text, Boston,
like most of the other towns, sent only two members. In 1080 the number was
increased again to three, and, after the Cr^t session under the charter of Wil-
liam mill Miry, was raisrd to tour. This was our complement, nearly ninety
years, till the cr.nimenLemeiit of our national independence. By the charter of
William ami Mary, ewry town was authorized in the first house to have two
represeiitativ(\~;; but that first general court was by tl^e charter empowered to
declare and fix the apportionment to each town. In the exercise of this author-
ity, loavi' was granted to towns of thirty freeholilers to have one member;
towns of one hundred and twenty freeholders, two members ; and Boston,
alone, tour. A couij)lete list of representatives from Boston to the commence-
ment of the revolution in ]7:r^ is given in 2 Tlist. Coll. X. •2.S-2t). " I'robably
one or two additions for '.a'-aneies niight, 'lownvcr, be made to it, had 1 leisure
to spend as many hours as the ibiination of it CC'.>1.

ii(y.i9.] Jonx T-'iNTHRor. • 3G3

to make or nlfpr Inws, bnf are 1o be subjeci ; and if any such
order seem unlawfiil or incunsenicnt, they jj were j| botlw^rfier
some reasons, etc., to the court, with manifestation of ihcir de-
f^ire to move tliem lo a n \-\c\v^ than percmpferily to perition to
have it repealed, which aiLiouriis to a |)!ain reproof of iho^e,
whom Ciod h:ith uSct over thcrn, and juitilug dishonor u])ou
them, agaiii<i the tenor of the fifth comuiandment.

There fell out at this Cdurt anoiher occasion of iuerensing
the people's jealousy of tlieir magistrates, viz. : One of the
elders, being present with rljo.-^e of ids churcli, when they were
to prepare their votes for the electiori, dechired his judgment,
that a govcnionr ought to be for his Hfe, ■sH«»giiig for !\is atithor-
ity the prrcrice of all the be-n commonweahiis in Europe, and
especially that of Israel by God's own ordinance.^ lint ..-,-j.^
this was opj'iosi-d by sotne c^'.iar of the elders Vvdth nr.icli
zeal, and so notice was iaken of it by the people, not as a
matter of dispute, but as if thoe had been some plot lo [iut
it in practice, which did oceasioji tlie deputies, at the Jiext
session of this court, to deliver in an order chawn to this eflijct :
That, whereas our sovereign lord, King Charles, etc., had, by
his patent, establislied a governour, deputy and assistants, thit
therefore Jio person, cho-en a eoun.-e'lor *for life,' sliould
have any aulhodty as a ni^igistrate, ex.epi he were cisosen in
the annual ele<-tions to one of the said })laces of niJigistracy
established by th'' patent. This being thus bluntly tendered,
(no mention being made thereof before,) the governour took
Time to cousider of .:■. Ijobre he would \>wc it to ■ -te. So,
whcii the louii v/a^ li; ct:, rlie n' agist rat e.-^ inlviscd oj ii. and
drew up another order to lias eflect: That whereas, at the
court in [bhmk.] it was ord'-rtMl, that a certain nnnib(M- of mag-
istrates should be chosen to 1)0 a standing council for lite, eic,
whereupon some had gatliered that v\"e )iad erected a nev; or-
iihadil

1 Who gave such impolitic coihisoI, iujuxirted by tlu- propo-torou-i pur\!n.r-,,.i,
is unl-nowii to me. The niii.i>N:i? wt-re perpetually nieddlir.g wifii t!:e rocri-
nieii of the comaionu-eakli ; ai;ii ^v■e ]iave frif^nent occasion to jvjrret, thnfc
their roterence:^ to the thei.'::;u-y v !' br;iel v-er!. r.cisefl as acihoriiy, ruth-^r
tlian iUustration.

3G4 JOTD: wiTs'j iiRor. [1639.

der of magistrates not warranted by our patent, this court
doth therefore declare, that the intent of the order was, that
the standing council should always be chosen out of the magis-
trates, etc. ; and therefore it is now ordered, that no such coun-
sellor shall have any power as a magistrate, nor shall do any
act as a magistrate, etc., except he be annually chosen, etc., ac-
cording to the patent ; and this order was after passed by vote.
That which led those of the council to yield to this desh-e of
the deputies was, because it concerned themselves, and they
did more study to remove these jealousies out of the people's
heads, than to preserve any power or dignity to themselves
above others ; for till this com't tiiosc of the council, viz., Mr.
Endecott, had stood and executed as a magistrate, without any
annual election, and so they had been j| reputed || by the elders
and all the people till this present. But the order wa^:; drawn
up in this form, that it might be of less observation and freer
from any note of injury to make this alteration rather by way
of explanation of the fundamental order, than without any
cause shown to repeal that which had been established by se-
rious advice of the elders, and had been in practice two or
,r,Aq three years without any inconvenience.^ And here may
be observed, how strictly the people would seem to stick
to their patent, where they think if makes for their advantage,
but are content to decline it, where it v'ill not vrarrant such
liberties as they have taken up without warrant from thence, as
appears in their strife for three deputies, etc., when as the
patent allows thorn, no'.io nt nil, hut only l^y inureiKO, etc.,
voting by ])roxies, etc.

The governour acquainted the general court, that, in these
tv.o last years of his government, he had received from the In-
dians, in presents, to the value of about £40, and that he had
II reported ||

* This appears a very idle scruple of the a«pistantd. Since they consented to
give up the substance, it was unwise to peniiit any jealousy about the form.
Election for life has, in no other Instance, I bolicve, obtained for any lejjislative
or executive oflice in our country. Annual chwicc gives admirable opportunity
for our people to show their .-t;ibi!ify ; nnd a g.'ullvmaM i-^ much loiuni' in ofHce
usually in the Xew England .-'^'os tlum in tho.-e where the peopK'. vo'.e "i.ly at
periods of two or tliree years.

spent about X30 in entertainments of tliem n.nd in pr* ^or.ts to
their saehea;-^, etc. The court declared, tliat tlie jTc.-i-ist;.-
were the governoui's due, bat the tribute Avas to be ];:ii.i to
tlio treasurer.^

[niauk.]

15.] Mr. Kndeeott and j\fr. Sloughton, commissionov.s [oy
us, and ?^rr. Bradfoid and ?dr. Winslo^v for Plimouth, iT)er at
Hingham about deciding the difference between us conccrnJn"'
our bounds. Our comniissloners had full power to dcierniine,
etc. ; but theii-s had not, although rhey had notice of it long
before, and themselves had appointed the day. Whorenpou
the court ordered, that those of Hingham bliould m;i.ke, u^e of
all the land near Conyhassctt to the j| creek |j next Scituate, till
the court should take further order; and a letter was directed
to the govevnoiu li'ofj] Piimoutli to the same effect, Avitlrde-
claration of the reasons of our proceeding, nnd readiiiess to
give them a further moe:ing. The charges of their commis-
sioners' diet ji ^was |j defrayed by us, because they met u? within
our own juriKiiction.

Those of i-^xeter replied to our answer, standing still to main-
tain the Indians' right, and their interest thereby. Bnt, in the
mean time, we had sent men to discover iNIerrimack, and found
some part of it about Penkook to lie more northerly than ,o,^ ,
forty-three and a half. § h'o § we returned answer to th'Mn,
that, though we would not relinquish our interest by priority of
possession for any right they could have from the Indians, yt,
seeing they bad professed not to claiiu any thing which should
fidl within uio- patent, wo would look no f;ir;her th. ■• 'h-it in
respect of their claim.

One Mr. Ryall," having gotten a patent at Sagadahoc on! ot
11 crook ij li"-"-Ml IP were [|

^ A rate of £1000, levied by ttiis court, Koc. J. 250, was thus a^.~- 50'? ; —
Boston, £144.10.1; Ipswich, £111.18.11; Sak-m, £111.13.11; I>orch--UT,
£9.3.7.9 : Cambrldoe, £91.19.9 ; Charlettown, £83.15.10 ; Watertowi,, £SI.I :.l ;
Lynn, £79.19.6 ; Roxbiiry, £74.12.6 ; ^Newbur}-, £G 7.8.3 ; Ilinghaiii, i;!.:.! i-^' :
Woymoath. £'23.-'.

-In a diilKut tearch anddA all accessible ttores of inforuiatic!;, ^<!•y "''^^''^
knowledge on ilie .<=ijbj>'(.'t of tliis ■jeiit'einnu's grant lias been avinatci, a.nd, oi
tliis little, not a word from Gov;.iS; mider whom tbe title was derived. Very

0m JOHN TNTNTHROP. nggg

the grand patent,^ wTrote to our governour and tendered it to
our government, so as we wouJd send people to possess it. The
governour acquainted the general court with it, but nothing was
done about it, for we were not ready for such a business, havincr
enough || to do || at home. °

[Large blank.]
26.] J\lr. Hooker being to preach at Cambridge, the govern-
our and many others went to hear him, (though the governour
did very seldom go from his own congregation upon the Lord's
day).2 He preached in the afternoon, and having gone on,
with much strength of voice and intention of spirit, about a
quarter of an hour, he was at a stand, and told the people, that
(^od had deprived him both of his strength and matter, etc., and
so went forth, and about half an hour after returned again, and
went on to very good purpose about two hours.

There was at this time a very great || -drouth [j all over the
country, both east and west, there being httle or no rain from
the 26th of the 2d month to the 10th of the 4th ; so as the corn
generally began to wither, and great fear there was it would all
*305 ^^ ^*^^^- ^^^Jit-reupon the general court conferred with the
elders, and agi->ed upon a day of humiliation about a
week after. The very day after the fast was appointed there
fell a good shower, and, within one week after the day of hu-
II besides ji ||-deartb||

short and unsatisfactory referenoc is unde to It In some proceeuiucrs under the
authority of PrcsiJer.t Danforth, ,..:aap: by power from Massachusetts, above
forty years after, which may be seen In SuUlTan's History of the District of
Maine, 182-4. The name of Royal's Kiver In North Yarmouth Is, probablv,
deduced from this person, whose descendants, of the u)ale line, pronouncin.r the
name as it Is s]^eIt In the text, I am Informed, are still remaining In the nnVh-
borhood of their early domain. '^

1 By this grand patent Is not intended, I presume, the onVinal patent of IS
Jac. I., 3 November, usually called the Pliinouth Charter, but one of nuich
narrower limits, 15 Car. L, 3 April, which may be found In Haz. I. 4-12-155.
Royal's letter must have been written Immediately after the kinrr's grant,
in andcipation of which he, pix)bably, had made his arrangements with Gor-es.'

- Gov. Wintlirop's travelling on Sunday, for such a purpose, must not, I
Mippos<^ be ( onsidered unnecessary. . His example woui.i justify the many
others. Such instances are now ahuost unknown.

163fi.] JOHX WJXTimOP. 3(57

miliatlon \vas past, we had si7ch store of rain, and so season-
ably, as the corn revived and gave hope of a very plentiful
harvest. When the court and the elders were met about it,
they 11 considered || of such things as were amiss, which might
})rovoke God against us, and asnreed to acquaint theur churches
therewith, that they might be stirred up to bewail and reform
them.

(4.)] We were much afraid this year of a j| -stop || in England,
by reason of the complaints which had been sent against us,
and the great displeasme which the archbishops and others, the
commissioners for plantations, had conceived and uttered against
us, both for those complaints, and also for our not sending home
our pateui:. T3iit the Lord wrought for us beyond all expecta-
tion ; for the petition, which we returned in answer of the order
sent for our patent, was read before the lords and well accepied,
as is before expressed ; and ships came to us from England and
divers other parts with great store of people and provisions of
all sorts.

About this time our people came from Isle Sable. A bark
went for them, on the 2 of the 1 month, but by foul weather
she was WTccked there, and of her ruins they made a small
one, wherein they returned. It was found to be a great error
to send thither before the middle of the 2 month. They had
gotten store of seal oQ and skins, and some horse teeth and
black fox stdns; but the loss of the vessel, etc., overtlnew the
hope of the design,

TIic island 1= very liealthi'ul and temperate. \\\- lost nut one
man in two yc ars, nor any sick, ere.

. (o.)] The rent at Connecticut grew greater, notwithstanding
the great pains || 'which || had been {| "'taken || for healing it; so
as the church of Weatherstield itself was not only divided from
the rest of the town, etc., but, of those seven which were the
church, four fell off; so as it was conceived, that thereby the
church was dissolved, which occasioned the church of Water-
town here (which had divers of || ^tlieLr|| members there, not yet
dismissed) to send two of their church to look after their mem-
bers, and to take order with them. But the contention and
alienation of minds was such, as they could not bring them to
I conferred 11 ' |i-step|| ||8weij ||* taking |i |plier|j

368 JOHN WINTIIROP. [1639.

any other accord than this, that tlie one party must remove to
Eome other- pUice, which they both consented to, but still the
dilhculty remained ; for those thiee, who pretended themselves
»oAf? to be the church, pleaded that privilege for their stay, and
the others alleged their multitude, etc., so as neither would
give place, whereby it seemed, that either they minded not the
example of Abraham's offer to Lot, or else they wanted Abra-
ham's spirit of peace and love.

This controversy ha\dng called in ]VIr. Davenport and others
of Quilipiack, for mediation, and they not according v^dth those
of Connecticut about the case, gave advantage to Satan io
Ij sow II some seeds of contention between those plantations
also; but, being godly and wise men on both parts, tilings were
easily reconciled.^

In this mou*^^'. there arrived two ships \\ "at [j Quilipiack. One
was of three hundred and fifty tons, wherein came jNIr. Fenwick-
and his lady and family to make a plantation at Saybrook upon
the mouth of Connecticut. Two other plantations were begun
beyond Quilipiack, and every plantation intended a peculiar
government.

There were also divers new plantations begun this summer
here and at Plimouth, as Colchester'^ upon Merrimack, Sudbury
II straw II 11" of"!

1 From Truinbul!, I. 120, 1, it appears, the reconciliation was not very easy,
and was at last effected by the separation of the dissonant parts. Stamford was
settled in consequence.

- Gcors^e Feiiv-i<:k, !•-';, would s'.irely d.^serve more consi'li-r.ilioa ilian he
has received from the writers about our country, neither Eliot nor Allen having
thought hi.s name re(iuLred insertion in th(!lr volumes, tmd even Trumbull
being apparently negligent of one of the principal fatliers of Connecticut. Tliis
probably resulted from his return to England, and there ending his days in
high otlice, of v/hich some inihience will appear in our second volume, llutch-
inson, I. 100, 1, gives the fullest account of him and his friendly regards to our
country, lie had come to Boston in May, 1636, but went home, probably, the
same year, after ascertaining the capacity and value of his colony at the mouth
of Connecticut. The two ships were the first, and, I suppose, the last, that ever
came from London to New Haven. His wife died at Saybrook, where her
monument is stiil extant. She was daughter, I believe, of Sir Arthur Haslerig.
He died early in lti57.

8 At the court of October, 16-10, ibis p1a,ce was ordered to be caliod Salisbury.
This seems, fi-om page 260, to have b-.-ou its fir^i name.

by Concord, (Winicowctt was Tiamed Ilanipton,) Yarmoutli
and Barnstaple by Cape Cod. . - .

[Large blank.]

Capt. Underbill, havdng been dealt with and convinced of
his great sin against God and the churches and state here, etc.,
returned to a better mind, and wTote divers letters to the
governoui and deputy, etc., bevrailing his offences, and craving
pardon. See after, (1,) 5, 39, and (7,) 3, 40.

There was sent to the governour || the |1 copy of a letter \\*Tit-
ten into England by Mr. Hansard Knolles of Pascataquack,
wherein he had most falsely slandered this government, as that
it was worse than the high commission, etc., and that here was
nothing but oppression, etc., and not so much as a face •Oj-j^
of religion. The governour acquainted one of Pascata-
quack, Mr. Knoller. his special friend, with it. Whereupon Mr.
Knolles became very much perplexed, and wrote to the gov-
ernour, acknowledging the wrong he had done us, and desired
that his retractation might be published. The governour seat
his letter into England, and kept a copy of it. See more of
this after, (12.) 20, 1G39.

At Providence matters went after the old manner. Mr.
Williams and many of his company, a ||^few|| months since,
were in all haste rebaptized, and denied commtmion with all
others, and now he w^as come to question his second baptism,
not being able to derive the authority of it from the apostles,
otherw-ise than by the ministers ci Eng'and, (v.-liom he judged
to be ill authority,) so as he conceived God would rai.-e up
some apostolic power. Therefore he bent himself that way,
expecting (as vras supposed) to become an apostle ; and hav-
ing, I] ^a little II before, refused communion with all, save his
own wife, now he would preach to and pray with all comers.
"Whereupon some of his followers left him and returned back
from whence they went.

(6.) 27.] Here came a small bark from tiie West Indies, one

Capt. \\iJackson\\ in her, with commission from the \Aestuiiii-

pter company to take prize, etc., from the Spaniard. He

brought much vcealth in monoV; plate, indico, and sugar. He

II a II I - some || jj * no ti tie j| jj ' S. i-: k e tt jl

870 ■ JOHN YvTXTITROP. n639

sola his indico and sugar here for X 1400, ^vhci•e with he fur-
Dished hixnself with commodities, and departed aoain for the
West Indies.^

^ A fishing trade was begun at Cape Ann by one Mr. || IMaii-
ncelj Tomson,- a merchant of London; and an order was
mnde, tfiat all stocks employed in fishing should be free from
pLil.iic- chnrge for seven years. This was not done to encourage
foreigners to set up fishing among us, (for all the gains wodd
be returned to the place where they dwelt,) but to encourage
our own people to set upon it, and in expectation that Air.
Tomson, etc., would, ere long, come settle with us.
*oOS ^'^•^J ^^^^'^ ^"■^^ ^"^^ ^^o^*^ o^ exceeding large and fat
mackerel upon our coast this season, as was a great ben-
efit to all oar plantations. Some one boat with three men
would take, in a w.-ek, ten || ^hogsheads, [J which v.-as sold at
Connecticut for .£'3.12 the || "hogshead. Jj

There were such swarms of small flies, lilce moths, came
from the southward, that they covered the sea, and came flying
like drifts of snow; but none of them w^ere seen upon' the
land.' ^

*(7.) 17.] A church was gathered at the Mount.*

4.] xVt the -general court at Hoston, one .Mr. Nathaniel

II Maverick ij ji'hiiadred.sj! ' ||5 hundred |j

1 Jcssclyn, in his Voyage's P- 26, mention. Lis finding at Boston, on arrival,
2. Septeml.^ of t!v. y.;y. c-ap-.In J.r.' en in tbo Queen of IV,;;..;nb, a priva-

teer

- Of this gentleman I know verj- litde. Francis lurbv, in a letter to John
\Vuunrop, jun., 2G December, 1631, says: " Capt. B. v,ho ^vas emploved bv
my cousm Maunce Ti.oni<un and company, for the trade of beaver' iu the

Kiver of Canada, ,s nuw arrived here He hath brought In here a'oout

tln-ee thousand i,oun.l5 weight of beaver, and they are no^y hastening to s.-t
forth a small ship only for that river, hoping to be there before Capt. Kh-k, who
(I hear) is to tet.li h.s men from Quebec, and yield up the castle a-ain to
the irench this next suuuner." Probably Thomson was not tempted to come
to New Lngland, ex.-opt for temporary {.nrpose about this fishing establishment
la 2 Hist. Coll. IV. 200, a large account of the mackerel fishery on the
south shore ot -Massachusetts Bay informs us that the appearance of' such in-
sects ,s -a welrume Ler.Kl to the fi-hcnnan." That m.unoir is worth consulting
t>y all the curious.

IG?,9.] Jonx ^YiyTimop. o-^

Iviton.^ brotl'.cr to the || meri.-lidnt j| at Qiiilipiack, was cotnciit-
(,'d and censured. Thu occasion was this: He was a scIkx)!-
inastcr, and had many schrijars, the sons of gcntlenien aiul
others of best note in the country, and had entertaiufvl one
Nathaniel Briscoe." a gentleman born, to bo his usher, and io
(](> some otii.n' things for him. which might not be uniir I'ov a
scholar. He had not been with him above three days bur tie
fell out with him for a very small occasion, and, with reproach-
ful terms, discharged him, and turned him out of his doors ; but,
it being then about eight of the clock after the Sabbath, he told
him he should stay till next morning, and, som.e words growing
between them, he struck him and pulled him into his house.
"Bri«-'oe defended himself, and closed with him, and, being
parted, he came in and went up to his ciiamber to lodge there.
IMr. Eaton sent for tiie con^rrible, vcho advised him first to ^,,^^
admonish him, etc., and if he could ne,>t, by the power of
,a master, reform him, then he should complain to the magis-
trate. But he caused liis man to fetch him a cudgel, which
^\'as a walnut tree plant, big enough to have killed a horse, and
a yard in lengtli, and, taking his two men Avith him, he went
II magistrate ||

^ Slight mention of this unhappy man will be found in Addenda. lie had
boon admitted a freeman of our colony June of the preceding year. ^\ h.it
became of him, after 1646, is known only from Mather, who says, he -went from
Mrginla to England, there lived privately until the restoration, then confnrnu-ii
to tho cvromon:i>; o'' the cijinh by !:>v> cslal<lL--horl, va:. Si'^t'n'd n^ J'i! ^''t'^ir I,
persecuted the d"--<jn;er>, from v.horn he had cpo<(af(zed, and died in pri-i'ii tor
debt. He undoubtedly had very high encouragement to continue at the Iseai! ot
the newly established college; tor, in the Court Records, I. 25-2, of ^Iiy p'"*-'-
cedlng the date in the text, I tind a grant "to ^Ir. Nathaniel Eaton .Qvo luin-
dred acres, it' he continue his employment for his life, to be to him and his
heirs."' Further evidence of the resolution of the govemment in supporting
that institution, is found, at the same court, in two orders: 1. " That a '''ttfr
should be sent to Mr. Humfrey to send in the £100, which is in !;is hand, to
further the college." 2. "Mr. Endecott, Mr. Downing, and Mr. Ilawtlir.i-nc nrv
to dispose of the house, which ]Mr. Peters bought, as they can, and n-turn t.i<-
money for the colleg.'."

- Of him I know nothing, unless he be the autlior of a very curi'^'.;- . aiT
from England, 7 Sept. iG.')2, on which proeced.ings more curious were ii;-': \-^-^m
by our jrovernmeut. See 3 Hist. Coll. 1. ::2-35.

372 JOHN \MNTHEOP. [1G30.

up to Briscoe, and caused his men to hold him till he had given
him t\vo liundred stripes about the head and shoulders, etc.,
and so kept him under blows (with some two or three short in-
termissions) about the space of two hom-s, about w^hich time
^Ir. Shepherd and some otiiers of the town came in at the out-
cry, and so he gave over. In this distress Briscoe gate Ijoutjl
his knife, and struck at the man that held him, but hurt him not.
He also fell to prayer, (supposing he should have been mia-der-
ed,) and then iMr. Eaton beat him for taking the name of God
in vain. After this INIr. Eaton and iMr. Sliepbcrd (who knew not
then of these passages) came to the governour and some other
of the magistrates, complaiiiing of Brisecjc for his insolent
speeches, and for crying out murder and drawing his knife, and.
desired thei.t he might be enjoined to a public acknowledgment,
etc., The magistrates answered, that they must first hear him
speak, and then they would do as they should see cause. jNlr.
Eaton was displeased at this, and went aw^ny discontented, etc.,
and, being after called into the court to make answer to the in-
formation, which had been given l;y some who knew the truth
of the case, and also to answer for his neglect and cruelty, and
other ill usage towards his scholars, one of the elders (not sus-
pecting su'.h miscarriages by him) came to the governour, and
showed himself much grieved, that he should be publicly j^ro-
duced, alleging, that it would derogate from his authority and
reverence nmong his scholars, etc. But the cause went on not-
withstanding, and he was called, and these things laid to his
charge in the open court. His answers were full of pride and
disdain, telling the magistrntf- iha' they irhoalr; not need to do
any thing herein, for he was intended to leove his employment.
And being asked, why he used such cruelty to Briscoe his
usher, and to other his scholars, (for it w^as testiiied by another of
his ushers aiid divers of his scholars, that he w'ould give them
between twenty and thirty stripes at a time, and would not leave
till they had confessed what he required,) his answer was, that
he had this rule, thi;t he W0(dd not give over correcting till he
had subdued th-j party to his will. Being also questioned about
the ill and scant diet of his ]>oarders, (for, though their friends
gave large allov/ance, yet their diet was ordinarily nothing but

ii^'il

168i^.] JOII.V \7D;TI;R()R

373

porrklg<.' and piiddin§-, aiid that very hoii.ely,) he put it off ,.

' ' So The court dismissed him at propcnf, ^^^

1 An examination of t!.e laJy tbUowed, I presume, for the former secretory
of the corniaonv,-ealth funushed m... a paper, which cm hardly ref.r to anv nfJv
transa<^tion thou this. Son.e overseer of the college, probably, eitlier ma-^istrate
or clergyman, ^vrote it from the confession or dictation of the accu.ed°partT ■
"For their breakfast, that it was not so well ordered, the llo^yer not so fine as it
might, nor so weU boiled or stined, at aU tinies th.t it was so, it was my sin of
neglect, and want of that care that ought to have been in one that the Lord
had intrusted with such a work. Concerning their beef, that ws.-s alknvfd them,
as they afRnn, whidi, I centers, hod been my duty to have speu thev should
have had it, and continued fo have had it, because it was my husband's com-
Tnan.l; b"^ tvp.lv J must confess, to my shame, 1 cannot remember that ever
they had it, nor that ever it was taken from them. And that tliev had not so
good or so much pro^•is;on i--. ray husband's a'seiice as presence, I coiiceive it
was, because he would call so-netimes for butter or .cheese, wh-n J ronc^ived
there was no need of it; yet, foicvsmuch as the scholars did' otherwav.^ appre-
hend, I desire to see the evi) tlu^t was in the carriage of that as well' as iruhe
other, and to t^ike shame to myself for it. And that they sent down for more,
when they h;td not enough, and the maid should answer, if thov hr.d not they
should not, I must confess, that I have denied them cheese, when they 'have
sent tor it, and it have been in the house ; for Av],ich I shall humblv be^r pardon
of them, and own the shame, an<l confess n.y sin. And for such provokin.^
words, which my servants Jiave given, I cannot own them, but am sorry any
such should be given in my house. And for bad fish, that they had it brought
to table, I am sorry there was that cause of offence given them. I acknowl-
edge my sin in it. And for their mackerel, b;-onght to "them witli their guts in
them, and goat's dung in their hasty pudding, it's utterly uuknov.n tome; but
I am much ashamed it should be in the familv. snd not prevenNvl b\- my<oK or
servants, an<l 1 1: u.hly ;,.,i,,,.:lA-v my v.,d:.^- ■, It, It. A.kI H ::.:' ^iu'..- uude
their beds at any lime, were my straits never .o great, I am sorry thi-v were
ever put io it. For the .Moor his lying in Sam. Jlough's sheet aiid pillow-bier,
It hath a truth in it: he did so one time, and it gnve Sam. Hough just cause of
oflence; and that it was not prevented by my care and watchfulue^s, I desire
[to] take the shame and the sorrow for it. And that they eat the Moor's crusts,
and the swine and they had share and share alike, and the Jloor to have beer,
and they denied it, and if they had not enough, for my maid to answer, they
should not, I am an utter stranger to these tilings, and know not the least foot-
steps for thpui so to charge me; and If my servants were guilty of such miscar-
riages, bad the boardei-s complained of it unto myself, I should have thought it
i"y sm, if I had not sliarply reproved my servants, and endeavored retbrm.
And for bread made of heato.l. sour meal, although I know of but oucc that it
^vr.> so, since I kept house, yet Jolm Wilson allirms it was twice ; nnd I am
truly sorry, that any of it was spent amongst ihcm. For beer and bread, that
VOL. I. 33

374 JOHN WINTIIROP. [1G39.

»oji ?-nd coiTiniandcd him to attend airain the next day, when,
being called, he was commanded to the lower end of the
table, (where all offenders do usually stand,) and, being openly
convict of all the former offences, by the oaths of four or five
witnesses, he yet continued to justify himself; so, it being near
night, he was committed to the marshall till the next day.
AVhen the court was set in the morning, many of the elders

it was denied them by me betwixt meals, truly I do not remember, that ever I
did deny it unto them; and John Wilson will affirm, that, generally, the bread
and beer was free for the boarders to to unto. And that money was demanded
of them for washing the linen, it's true it was propounded to them, but never
imposed upon rhem. And for their pudding being given the last day of the
week without butter or suet, and that I said, it was miln of Manchester in Old
F-ngiand, it's true that I did say so, and am sony, they had any caii^e ofofieufe
given them by having it so. And tor their wanting beer, betwixt brewings, a
"Week or half a week together, I am sorry that it was so at any time, and should
tremble to have it so, were it in my hatids to do again."

The above is an exact copy of all that is written by that hand ; but on the
nest page is found, in a more difTicuIt, but unt-ommonly beautiful chlrogmphy,
*' and whereas they say, that sometimes they have sent down for more meat,
End it hath been denied, when it have been in the house, I must confess, to my
shame, that I have denied them oft, when they Lave sent for it, and it have been
In the house."

In the archives of the State House it is not probable that any document
more minute or entertaining can be preserved ; nor would this seem of Import-
ftnce and graviU' appnjpriate to this work, were it not connected with the
Llstory of the college, and highly illustrative of our author's text. That no
complaints against Mrs. Eaton hud been brought down from antiquity, wh>.'n her
husband sun-Tid p'rr.of::it ni;\!.'iiii-tion, is pc-r}!a;\3 ov-ing to t'i;,> g;i5i lutry of our
fathers. Her a>-con!i>!iMm>ent.-; as a housewife appear equal to the gcnLleno?s of
the head of the college. Her adherence to the religion in which she was edu-
cated, might have been as frail as his, had she not been lost on a voyage with
lier children to Virginia the next year. The commons of the students have
often been matter of complaint, but, I believe, have never since occupied the
attention of the government of the state.

Of the two m-^n referred to by Mrs. Eaton, "Wilson was son of the pastur of
Boston, grailuated in the first class, 1642, and, Mather says, "continued, unto
old age, a faithful, painful, useful minister of the gospel" In Medfield. Hough
•was son of Atht-rton, the assistiint, and was the second minister of Reading-
AVh} he received not the usual degree is unknown. See Johnson, lib. H. c. 2.">.
In our Town Records I find. " Mr. Samue! Hangh, pastor of the church at
Heading, deceased at Air. Ilczeklah U.sher's Louse in Loston, 30 Maivh, ICoi-"
The Moor was probably a clave.

IGoO.j ' JOHN WlNTrmOP. 375

came into the court, (it being then private for matter of con-
sultation,) and declared how, the evening before, they had taken
pains with him, to convince him of his faults; yet, for divert
liours, he had siill stood to his justification ; but, in the end, he
was convinced, and had freely and fully acknowledged his sin,
and that with tears; so as they did hope he had trnly repented,
and therefore desired of the court that he might be pardoned,
and continued in his employment, alleging such further reasons
as they thought fit. After the elders were departed, the court
consulted about it, and sent for him, and there, in the open
court, before a great assembly, he made a very solid, wise,
eloquent, and serious (seeming) confession, condemning him-
-o|f in oP ^}.p particulars, etc. Whereupon, being put aside,
the court consulted privately about his sentence, and, though
mv.ny were taken with his eoafession, and none but had a
charitable opinion of it; yet, because of the scandal of »r,,.-j
religion, and offence which would be given to such as
might intend to send their children hither, they all agreed to
censure him, and put him from that employment. So, being
called in, the gOvcrnour, after a short preface, etc., declared the
sentence of the court to this efiecl, viz. : that he should give
Briscoe £30, fined 100 || marks, || and debarred teaching of chil-
dren within our jurisdiction. A pause being made, and expecta-
tion that (according to his former confession) he would have
given glory to God. and acknowledged the justice and clemency
of the court, the governour giving him occasion, by asking him
if h;- bod o--::ht to r<\y, he tirned away wiih n (Vr-.-nn^ented
look, saying, '' U sourence ])e pa .^cd, then it is to no end to
speak." Yet the court remitted his fine to X'iiO, aud willed
Briscoe to take but £20.

The church at Cambridge, taking notice of these proceedings,
intended to deal with him. The pastor moved the governour,
it they might, witlumt offence to the court, examine otlier wit-
nesses. His answer was, that the court would leave them to
th(>ir own liberty; but he saw not to what end they should do
it, seeing there had been five already upon oath, and those
whom they should examine sfjould speak without oath, and it
Nvas an ordinai.ee of God, thai by tiie mouths of two or three
li blank i(

376 JOITN YvTsTnUOP. [I639.

witnesses every matter" should be established. But he soon
discovered himstlf; for, eic the church could come to deal with
him, he fled to Pascataquack, and, being pursued and appre-
hended by the governour there, he again acknowledged his
great sin in Hying, etc., and promised (as he was a Christian
man) he would retarn with the messengers. But, because his
things he carried with him were aboard a bark there, bound to
Virginia, he desired leave to go fetch them, which they assented
unto, and went with him (three of them) aboard with him. So
he took his truss and came away with them in the boat ; but,
being come to the shore, and two of them going out of the
boat, he caused the boatsmen to put off the boat, and because
the third man would not go out. he tiuned him into the
water, where he had been drowned, if he had not saved him-
self by swimming. So he returned to the bark, and presently
they set sail nnd w^ent out of the harbor. Being thus gone, his
creditors began to complain; and thereupon it was found, that
he was run in debt about <£1000, and had taken up most of
this money upon bills he had charged into England upon his
brother's agents, and others whom he had no such relation to.
So his estate was seized, and put into commissioners' hands,
to be divided among his creditors, allowing somewhat for the
«<iiQ present maintenance of his wife and children. And, being
thus gone, the church proceeded and cast him out. He
had been sometimes initiated among the. Jesuits,^ and, coming
into England, his friends drew him from them, but, it was very
probable, he now intended to return to tlicm n;r.iin, being at
tlii.-- t'uie al-out ihirry year., of ;«ge, and ujnvurds. See after.

7. 17.] Mount Woollaston hod been formerly laid to Boston;
but many poor men having lots assigned them there, and not
able to use those lands and dwell still in Boston, they petiiioned
the town first to have a minister there, and after to have leave
to gather a church there, which the town at length (upon some
small composition) gave way unto. So, this day, they gathered
a church after the usual manner, and chose one IMr. Tom.^on,^

1 Hi.-i cruelty and iniustiee mitrht hav.? been as great, if the Jesuits had had
no share in his e<liicatii)a ; thoutih, I fear, the author intended to refer th-^
fruits to the soil, rather than the tree.

- Satisfactory aceountsuf"\Vil!i:uii Tompsou may be seen iu Eiiofs and Allen's

^1'^::^:' '""" "^"' ^"' ''^- ^^^"^' ^ ^^^^^ '-'^ ^^->

xAIo. 9] At a genernl court holden at Boston, great complaint
was made of the oppre..ion used in tf.e country in sale of forei.^n
commoditie. ; and Mr. Kobert, Keaine,^ v;ho kept a shop in °
Boston, was notoriously above others observed and com- ^^'^^

f ^^1 1 ''^^'T"'^^ '''- ^^^--' l^'^- ^^- e. 7, 10 and IS, and lib. IIL
c 1 a.u^ IK lar,.,.r ,n Morton, sub. an. 1666, the year of his death, and best of
all, an e centur, eem.on of Hancock, his successor i. the church of B a n^e
now of Quu,cy. I„ our day, a later successor. Kev. W. P. Lunt, D. D. n to
very happy d,.courses ou the second centenary, has supplied all that d hVerce
and ailect,un could furni.h. He had bc^en .soine years in the countrv Z^
17 :i: rT""^ -^^-^-ter, which I have inspected, according t J ;' t^^
of the h..^tunan oi that town, ] Hi-t. Coll. IX. 191, reckon hi^ ^n^ their
men.be. u._l6..6. But I suspect that .as t.o years before his ad:nis^t"
The scrutinizmg author xuusl have concluded, that he was a different person
from the tuture muuster of t],e adjoining town; for he adds, of him "I Lnot
obtain any miurmation." He was admitted freeman 13 ]\Iav, 1G40 Mo.t of
he matenalsu^ed by later writers were Ibund in our author, the mo^t i;uc;est-
lc!Z" " '7'^^'7^2;: "^'^^ '^-'^^ ^^^ -^^-^n to Virginia, of which a full
account v :U b. found .n the next volume. The first mention of him, after that
m the te.xt. wdl show, that he " had been an instrument of much go^l at Aco-

TeTn' ■ TT ^'"''"^' °''"*^°" '^'' ^'^""^ «^^^^ son, Joseph, l Mav,

1640 Benjanv.n, 14 July, 1642, and death of L=s wife in Januar^'tbllowin;
Benjanun was graduated at JIarvard College iu 1662. Him I consider the
author ot the v.^es in praise of A\-hiting, wldch are, probably, the bosr in the
.Magnaaa. A tnbuco in verse, of greater justice than beauty, is entered in the
Eoxbury Churc-h r.ecords on the Lunentable death of Ton.pson's ."ife. while he
^va^bsent o. tne servi.. of L. n.Ht.r. It w,. ..ppo^.d U Jr.-,. ]■: •., ■„, the
a^d..ousge...].gi^t, that :he c.l..hrat..d R...,Oaaau Tho...;,, Co.u: U^nni^.i^
de. ended fmm tbs fii.t pastor of Braintree ; but h. afterwards favored me
With evidence ot a didereiit derivation.

^OarMS.had tlr.t"/Ae.-;.a,v/.r," after '• Tomson," and ^^teacherr to end
the sentence ; and, as the alteration was made by the governour, I inicr that

the aistinctiou was disregarded at the election.
_ "- Tins gentleman is, probably, the same with one whose name is the last

Signed to a letter of encourageu.ent of the plaT,tation at I'limouth. 7 April, 16.^4.

pi-eserved by Gov. Bradford in 1 Hist. Coll. IU. -28, and who nniicd wkh others

.n all forty-two, in a loan of £1800 sterling, by which its life was preserved. lb.

48 Being received into Boston church 20 .AL,rch, 1635-6, .e uuv con-

Hude, he had come over in the preceding autumn, probably with Wil.ou
n October. At the general election, in M^y f,|,owing, he was admitted to

the freeman 3 oath, at the same time with S-.m^ei AppLuvn.. llcruy I lir; and
32* ■ '

3^S JOHJ«? y^-^^XTIIItOP. ^igng

p]aiue.l of; and, being con vented, he was charged wirJi many par-

*'S15 ^''''^''^ ; 1'^ ^"^^^^^-1 for taking above sLx-pencc in the shillino-

profit; m some above eight-pence; and, in some §smalJ§

Daz^^^laude, .Lo alone, out of skty-two tl.at day swon, have the prefix of

Of the curious suoj.et, intro,luced to our notice by tlie text, inquiry had, at
he fonder ses.ou o the same court, in Soptor^ber, been instituted ; and, fr^J
Ae language of the Kecord, I. 2«9, " Capt Keayne was willed to re;urn Sa.:!;
K,n;; her necessary clothes again," we may pre^^e, the case was a tia.rant
hint/ 'Y^-^^^^^J^^--^^. that much more tenderness was shown towards
tun than dehnquents usually received; for we find, at the assinants' quarter
court, io-.H- pages later, in the same volume, this note : " There is £lO delivered
t^e governour by one tha. had failed by taking too great prices for his com-
modmes. He Lath satisfied the parties, whom he sold the commodities unto."
At tlie general court ,n ]\r.y after the date in the text. I find, Ol Rec I 076
Air Kou,Tt ivcayne Lad 2l20 of his fine remitt.ed lum;.so d.r. il.c.^.^u^ul
onlj .,S.> taho paid by Imu," He was not the only person of eminence li.bi;
to tlus annaadve.su.n, tl.uugh the proceedings against him went further than in
any other case .nth.n my knowledge. Indeod, the attempt to prevent demand
ot h<gli j.nce for any cnnuuodity, however willing the purchaser mav be to ^ive
)t IS pre,,o<terous and destructive to all commerce between ma; and man.

S- P 7' l"""'^-^f /- '-^ ''^^ f--'^:-> - -^k-g the money's worth for his
good.,. Leiore this scandal, Keayne had been four timee chosen from Boston to
^e general court; and, atler the evil report had passed over, was seveial times
el cted, and became sj^eaker m October, VUe, but only for one dav. Unhap-
pJy, he .eh under obloquy again : a less probable, though more injurious accu-
^tion was preferred, of whi<:h a veiy particular relation is, in subsequent pa-^e.
given by our author. U. certainly stood high in the estimation of the covem-
^p.!!L 'J" . •■; "^■^^'' '"■ S^'^!" °^ ^-^"^ ^""'^^^^ ^'"'^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^ade'to him,
r^H-' '''•"' ''\ '"' '"'f " ^^^' ■='''^' " '- '■■■ - -'^ =^f^^^''^' ^^'-K-i^o,, of the first
rank ,l ..c co>ouy. h. ^ as i.roti.er-ii.imv of ^^'iison.

^Keayne died 23 Ma n-h, 165.5-0. His will, proved 2 May after, written with
his o^vn hand-fornooiher Land couhl have been so patient -at different
tunes, beginning 1 August, 165-3, is a most extraordinary instrument, commenc-
mg on page 116 ot our first volume of Records in Probate otKce, and fiJlinc. one
hundred and fifty-e-ight folio pages. It would be an idle afiectation to sav; that
It has been aJ studied by me, though most parts were ciu^orily examined ; for
BO reader of this work would exact of its editor such an unprofitable labor.
An abridgment of several pages could easily be afforded here, for it was made ;
but when thirty pages of the will are occupied about the animadversion of t