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G£^ 


ALLEN  COUNTY  PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


3  1833  01178  9531 


GENEALOGY 

974.8 

R87H 


lll;iTORY 

j  OF 

I  NOKTIIAMPTON 


'  I-FJilGIf.  :\tONR01s  CARBON. 

i5ci[[iyL!ai,L(:a]NTi[:s 


?c 


!      3RIEF  HISTORY  OF  flli':  I'lRST  SFTTl  1:HS. 

TOPOGRAPHY    OK    I'OWNSillPS, 

ICL.S   OF   Ll'ADlNCi    i.Vl.N'lS,    IM'IUiNTS,   /..Nj)    •'N.l>  f- I.M  LMi 
I'At;  l".S  IN  THE  KAKi  Y  HIS  I XdlV   i;l'  TillilSK  CUUN  I  It/. 


NTAINING  MATTEKS  OF  DEEP  INTEKEST.     A ^-^/^ 


j  Compiled  from  varioua  aulhuntic  sources 

BY    I.    DANUOL    Ul"!'!'. 
I  Author  of  "  Der  Macrtyrer  Uouchiclitu,"  "  Ho  I'aa.i  Ekklesia,"  ice  tiC.  .Vc.  tn: 

I  rublish    1  auii  iold 

j  BY   G.  iin.i,.s,    I'KOi'rn.  rui{,   j.anca.sti:k,  pa. 

i  llAIJPfolilJUCi: 

MICKUK    ANO    CiNi'Xr,     liUMllHS    AND    blNDEK^. 


K 


1822004 


r.nl  if.d  ill   ilu;  <id",<c  ol  tlie  Cleik  of    the  Di^ilrict  (./uvi    u! 
Eii.-hT.i  l>;M,i  I  ul' iVniisylsaiiiu,  ill  IH'll, 

JJY   U.  'KLl.S,  I'lJOl'lUE'l'UK, 

111  C()iih)iniit>     ,i;l     \.i  A  't  Ol"  (:oiiL;icohi,  ciilillcil   "  Au  A.;   K,  .u 
'l.c  si;v  ,-:i'l  All,-  ii  s[)L-cliug  Copy  liijjlit.',." 


1' REV  ACE.  ..  ,.-,,.„., 


lend 


'  I  (^  VVhkn  local  cveius  aiul  mciaeiits  arc  iiiorged  in  \\... 
JJ^J  0  yeuci-al  history  ol'  ;.  coiiniry  or  nation,  it  would  l.o  .. 
1  '  -  fruitless  attempt  to  ^ive  caiibcs,  and  notice  ellects,  ai.-i 
(  I  at  the  same  time  preserve^  a  consecutive  chronological 
arrangement  ol' lac  I...  Tins  may  he;  done  in  re-uLj' 
j  ■;:  history;  hut  it  ca.inot,  in  a  local  history,  svitlioiil 
\  V  iuuchampliru';ilion,:ind  llic  introduction  ol' that  whi.'ii 
1  '  is  apparently  irrelevant.  All  that  the  writer  h;;. 
j  '.aimed  at  in  this  compilation,  \vas  to  emhody  in  a 
|\X  convenient  form,  the  prominent  events,  leading  in(  i 
I  "\  dents  in  the  early  and  continued  liistory  of  thcMi 
la  \counties,  without  regard  to  strict  chronological  order . 
topographical  descrii)tion  of  townships,  towns,  vil- 
lages, &c.  How  fiu-  this  has  heen  accomplished,  is 
left  to  the  candid  r.adef  to  say.  Nothing  has  hee.i 
h.'ft  undone  on  the  ^  art  i^i  the  compiler,  to  collect  ma- 
terials of  a  hi'.-iorf  ai  and  topograi)liical  character,  an.i 
arrange  theui  ir;ewrding  to  the  best  of  his  judgmei,:. 
Touching  da-  ni.ui..r  Usell  contained  in  this  booi., 
i1m-  >/riter  Itei^Luaos  );oi  to  confess,  that  liis  clain:;.  le 


origiiiainy^  rac  none  of  the  strongest.     CircinL:-ia!n    .i 
as  he  was  wiioii  preparing   this  work  for  pioss,  lu' 
had  toa.'ail  hinibvlf  of  the  labors  of  other..     11;, > 
time  Was  too  reslrieted,   and    his  means  very  uiinl 
hmited   lo  niiike  extensive  personal  observations,  iuia 
colled  nr,itt:i  ds  while  makinga  li)ur  of  the  e.ai.i^.cii- 
Tliose  \,lui   eonld   iiave   done  more  within  tlii^  t.iii;;, 
and   \»  id>   d.i'  same  means,  shonld  make  the  ui.ii,  \'. 
satisfy  iliem^i  Ives  Avhat  can  be  done  in  thi\    UAiy,  k. 
lire    brief    sj  lee    '•' c>/"   Icn  (/(/t/.^  in  a  cou/tlh.^'      \\ 
honesty  o{  \>  ,i-[n)sc  and  indnstry  conld  ahmc  f  u    ine 
want  of  tinit-,  dn'ii  the  writer  wcniid  offer  thes_,  ni  i  . 
t(3nu[itiMn. 

Only  a  few  months  ago,  he  commenced  his  >  wii.jM 
lalion  ;  and  aS  he  was,  in  the  short  spate  -if  i  a  w 
months,  to  luve  copy  ready  for  press  for  a  I  miIc  .;; 
43'J  pages,  (lulefore,  anxious  not  to  fail  m  hi;,  o.i) 
tract  witli  the  jjubHs/ier,  to  have  it  ready  by  die  1. 1 
of  Novembei ,  18  1  I,  he  prosecuted  his  task  'iiii  ;di 
possible  assitiiiity  and  despatch;  nevertheless, h<  aM-d 
to  trace  facts  .u  their  sources;  and  these,  it  i-  ei/i. 
lidently  believed,  are  authentic. 

Passing  over  some  delects,  the  reader  will  u  .idii;; 
grant  thai  ihv.  writer  may,  at  least,  lay  claim  lo  ihe 
merit    o{    bt  li;-    a    iu'ihi'ul    and    laborious  cou/piie/ 

Tie  v;ouhl  hen;  frankly  make  an  avowal  .d'  ih-' 
source,,  i.-  wbii  ii  L'e  chieUy  repaired  for  cun:i  ikait'i'., 
viz:  Tiie  lM>JS.  I'.ovincial  Records,  Report;^,  L.  m;i  ■ 


ill  the  Oilice  ol  llio  v'-^jcrotary  of  State  at  Ilarrisbuig, 
!  the  votes  of  A.-r-.:  inl'l/,  Loskiel's  Jlistoiy  of  the  Mo- 
ravians, lloclct'uela:  .'s  Narrative,  Crautz's  Brueder 
'  Gi'scliichle,  Si):'i!g;niherg''s  J.ebeii, Hazard's  Register, 
j  (Gordon's  Gaz.  Ce  ,»<  Pt'nn.sylvaiiia,  Day's  Historical 
j  Colhctioii,  J)uul;(p';>  Liiid  Clayiiool's  Daily  Advertiser, 
;  Hall  and  Simu,i'''.  Peiiubviv'aiiia  Oaxelte — besides 
I        many  ulliers  t.-)iiec  i    ii  the  liody  of  tlie  \v.)rk. 

iNumorous  aic  Itiu  woiks  di'awii  from,  and  the  au- 
thorities referred  to.  Ami  now  to  those  who  may  h  el 
dis])osed  to  sUL'g(;SL  that  the  c()tn])ilcr  lias  ma<h;  ;. 
l;oolc  from  the  labors  ol"  olhcrs — "for  we  fnid  all  this 
in  a  inimhcrol'  vohmics" — he  would  Ijeg  leave  to  rt 
mark,  if  they  ^ll;ill  \.v  jil.  asod  to  think  that  they 
have  lound  the  \ii!'^!a  ncc  cj  Uiniiij  InHil.-s'm  (his  com 
lulalion,  lie  shall  eon..iilei  it  iIk,'  highesl  encomiinn 
thai  ean  h('  {-as^ed  uimn  it. 

Tiiose  who  may  think  it  an  easy  tasi;  to  compile 
a  work  hke  this,  are  referred  to  experience  of  ihi.. 
kind,  as  e^xpresscd  by  another.  Major  Wiirunii, 
Stahlc,  who  has  wniten  a  pamphlet  of  nearly  two 
hundred  pages,  entitled  "  T/it  Dcscrijitioii  of  the 
Jionjui^h  of  Jicadi,!^-,''  says  :  '■  That  the  execution 
(ji'  his  design  was  n.  i  free  iiom  di/henlly,  may  be  in 
ferrcil  fiou'i  the  { ,.:\,  (hat  it  was  muierlaken  niany 
months  ago,  airi  la-  i;uen  lu-oseeuted  with  umemitteh 
diliyenct:  to  iN  e,'  .<  !'t  iiioment.  It  was  the  gathia 
inu    d"  the  uu.f.j'i'il  iluu  gave  me  the  most  trouble    ' 


rUEFACE. 


Well  inigliL  .he  v/iiter  be  allowed  to  complrai.,  I  . 
colled  liUi'.  )'ials,aiid  })i-epare  a  book,  ofboiv, ecu  li.  >: 
and  ^ix  liiiiidied  luiges,  for  pre.ss,  in  a  tew  aiohilr-' 
gavelum  luiicli  tiou])le.  In  view  of  these  dni^uiilli': 
attending  Jii.;  comi-ilation,  ho  would  clann  tl.u  ijidi  I 
genco  of  il,.:  readci- — and  with  thuso  facts,  hci  .,  ;  lui.i 
the  g(jwd  h  .Hired  (lilic,  it  is  believed,  will  ha'-i  ■'.ii,: 
comiJLi.s-siOii  ii]ion  the  conipilci',  and  r(;meni:ii'  th  ■, 
^'1)1  hii.utcfLL..'i  siiid  l//ii'o/l/iO?/t//icn/iei/cn.^' 
]jAKCASTi:i\,  Jtinuar}/,   1815. 


0,\rT8SI0N. 


The  tbllowiiig  should  have  been  noticed  in  speak  ■ 
ing  ofEaston.  Th^re  was  also  an  Indian  treaty  h.l.l 
at  Kaston,  Janiiai'y  ,!(>,  J\ — JM-hruary  1,  b,  1777,  be- 
tween Coniniissiom  ,s  in  In^haifot"  the  United  State., 
and  a  number  of  li.lian  ('hi(;lis,  in  Ijchalj'  oT  tlie  Si\ 
Nations,  and  iheii  <.anred(,'i ales,  held  in  the  (lerniat; 
ciniich. 

Present,  liie    \loa.    (b'oi-e   ^Valton,  and   (ieor-. 
TayK)!-,  I\s(|.,  AbMiiliis  of  Con-iess  ;  C.'l.  Lowryaml 
Col.  Cumnnyhain,  liom  tln^  Assendtly  of  tiie  Slate  of 
Pennsylvrania  ;  ("ol.  Jkdl  and  Col.  i)ean,  Members  (  i 
tlie  Council  of  Safiiy  of  tin;  Slate  of  l\!nnsylvania 
Secretary  otthe  (,'ouunission,  Thomas  Paink. 

'I'he  foUowiiJtJ^  were  the  Indian  Chiel's; 

Kayugas — Taa.^imili^  or  Iving  ('harles. 

S].:ni;cas — I'modutih,  or  tin;  bii^^  tree. 

MuNsiKs — MytdliUtahu^wvAkiw^  on  foot. 
/\(t/i/U(h,  Jilanding  by  a  tree. 

Nantikoki;s— .  ?  .?(//i//(/. </,  raising  any  tiling  U|i 

Kanois — f(ul(!k/'n(>,  or  king  lasl  night. 

Iutei]a.:ie(\  Tiiomys  (rKKEN',a  IVToliawk 


(XiNTENTS. 


iUM'l'l'Ai  I. 

Introduction;  Sv^des  seille;  William  Penn  borr.  , 
l*enn  obtained  u  clii.ler;  (irat  settlers  .sail  for  AnitriCa; 
Penn  follows;  accesi-Kjn  of  .settlers  from  London,  llollam'. 
(•erinany,  <^c.  ;  I'eiui  holds  confereiu^LS  willi  the  Indians  ; 
purchases  tlitir  land.  ;  IN  nn  returns  to  L'ln^dand ;  Pen;; 
agaiu  in  Penn:iylvanKi  ;  reluins  airain  to  l-ng!and;  Penn  ■ 
death  ;  number  of  Indians  in  Pennsylvania  on  Penn's  an. 
\al;  Iicnapi,  Delau.re  and  oihcr  In  !  .;iib ;  (•erinan.-' 
WcUhand  liK-li  arriv    .—[k  1  — f). 

CilAPTKU  II. 

'I'uE  Germans  ;  r,ernrian  Quakers  settle  at  (ierman 
town;  Frankfoil  land  company  ;  Clerman  inunigrants.  froi' 
I70l»  to  1720;  Dickn  son's  remarks  on  the  Ciermans  ;  iit\- 
nians  from  the  Palatinate,  and  from  1720  to  1725  ;  ittn' 
1725  to  1710  ;  their  iharaeter  aceording  to  Dickinson  ;  fro'.n 
1740  to  llCi^;  INeul;;;  ndar  ;  liedemptioners  ;  from  17f»:i  iJ 
i75ti;  Germans  used  as  Make- Weights  ;  Wharton's  Mfc:>3 
concerning  the  (Sernians;  (Germans  luunerous  m  NoiU 
ainpton,  Schuylkill,  ■<  c. — p.  G — 12. 

CIlAl'TKIt  III. 

The  WfiLst*  ,  d.;  ii  -.;hatacler;  influential  al  an  early  (hy  , 
l'homa.s  Llo;  d  ;  the  vVehh  had  early  purchased  of  Wd- 
Ham  Penn  ;  'i,,M.  nun, ber  increased  ;  their  cusioms  ;  Wiiih 
111'      er;i ;  li.jiiiv  Weldh  i.-i\\c  in  1099;  few  Welsh  »t(d.  d 


X  CONTENTS. 

in  Northrin.ptoi. ;  many  Welsh  iii  tlie  coal  regions  ;   i  trJ  . 
prayer  in  Wcl-h. — p.  13 — 15. 

CHAPTER  IV. 

The  Lvisii  .  unit;  ol'  their  immigration  to  Penusyl,  .Uiin  , 
principall)  i'n-!.:  the  nurtli  of  [relauil ;  i*arliameiit  a.<,  (tija' 
to  pre  vent  ihi.f  einigiaiiua  from  Ireland;  tax  impu; -vcl  on 
iheni  by  i'../  A  ;;-i;uibly  ;  character  of  the  Scotch  Irish  ,  Irisl;. 
settle  in  N(:i-lh,''^pton  county  ;  Craig's  settlement;  ii.un  '■ 
of  first  ■•au;.-  ,  lalcly  many  immigrated  into  Si'li:iyll,iil 
county  ;    i  t.rd  ;   :  lay^  r  m  Irish. — p.  l(i — 18. 

CHAPTER  V. 

Erkction  oi  [Nuui  II '.Mi-roN  County;  Ponn  ois;:;.iji.  .  <, 
several  counties  in  ]*)«;>;  Northampton  erected;  (  ttncr; 
l>om  records  of  <()ial ;  petitions  for  tavern  license,  n  uncs 
of  the  first  Crand  Inciiieat;  Su[)ervisois  ;  Constables,  town- 
ships organized  prior  to  17*);^,  mills  before  the  ui.iii\. 
erected. — p.  17— 2IJ. 

CHAl'TEK    VI. 

Present  Limits,  Sic.  ov  the  CotiNTV ;  linuf-!  \  i:.  , 
number  of  acres;  physical  appearance  of  the  county  ,  i.inis 
Gap;  Wind  Uap,    l)elav/are  Water  (iap;   Delaware   Ti'.'r. 

p.  21— ;{o 

CHAPTER  YH. 

Easton,  EarLi  HisTOiiY  OF,  &.c. ;  Raston  ;  council  lulu 
at  Easton;  one  m  July,  1756;  another  in  July,  i'57; 
another  ni  175H  ;  another  lu  October,  175i);  another  in 
17(51  ;  Easton  inc;irporated  ;  taverns,  stores,  mamiiaciorir;';  ; 
churches;  newspapers;  liigh  water  and  loss  of  pin|vTty; 
fresshet  of  lb  10. —  p.  ^0 — 58. 

CHAPTER   VIII. 


Topo(i>, 

Cenirevilh. 


,:V    0.     'i'ouNsjiips ;    Upper    Mount    li.   i, 
Willi  .11. '■'lui^  ;    Dills  Ferry;   Lowa    "!'■' 


CONTENTS.  \1 

Bethel;  IviL'liiiiOii  1  ;  I'MaifiL-ld  ;  AlK;ii  township;  KreidL,.-> 
ville  ;  ll;uit  rituvi!  ,  Wl-.u  cisljuig  ;  Nelighsville  ;  Pbiri- 
iu'hl  towns!, ij.;  I:' llville  ;  \Vanlsl)urir ;  Jacksonville; 
Lehig-li  townshii)  ,  B^rliiiville  ;  Cherryville  ;  Moore  tow!:- 
ship  ;  Keriit  \  Hi^  ;  l\  U'ckiiersville  ;  Saiicon  township;  lli.l- 
levstown  ;  llnn^vi  ■  luwn.ship  ;  Williams  township  ;  «oi.i!' 
l''.abtoii  ;  tli'i  I  cli.  li  works;  South  ll.i.sion  i'urnaci;  ; 
Gliindoii  ir(jii  woil.i;  Williamsport  ;  Ikishkillo  townhlii;;  ; 
Jacob^l)urg  ;  i'Vik-:  Mwnbliij;  ;  .SlockersvilU; ;  Lower  l\a/;,- 
rcth  lownsli;|- ,  1  !■.  .:kloxvii  ;  Newburg-;  lJ|)|)tjr  i\azar>;L 
tov^nslup;  j\  :,' .r.  li.  ,  'I'hi.'  lJo-(;;  liiihlcluni  lov,  )irrl,.^>  ; 
Fre.eniansburg  ;  liru  li'hrin  ;  l-'riuden-llufil'-'n  ;  nuuibur  ci 
jnteresting  lutlrrs,  A'(  . — ji.  o.s — lo<). 

<:il  aTTER  IX. 

|ji;iiKiii  Cou.NTV  ;    I. cliiL'h  county  ci-(;ctc(l  in    1812;   i.c 
high,  or  Leckhaw  ;    (,(:hi;di  Water  (iap;   nuiidier  of  low  r,- 
ships  ;     exlraci    iioni    eoiat    lurorils;    iirst  (iraiid   .luiniv, 
I'ries'  opposition  to  ti.\  collectors  ;   Fries'  tiial. — p.    J(.l>— - 

i.'llAI'Ti;iv'   A. 

Toi'UGRAPHv  OF  'J'o WNsuii'.s ;  llanovcr  township  ;  Bier}  ' 
Port;  liittersville ;  Tleideli)ero-  township;  Segersvillr  ; 
(icrmansville ;  North  Whilehali  township;  Siegersvillc  ; 
Snydersviile ;  Kenisville;  Slate  Dam;  South  Whitehall 
township;  1/iuii  townsliip  ;  liinnville;  New  Tripoli ;  Jack- 
sonville; liOW  lldl  to.vnship;  (Mausville,  ;  Upper  Macuiijv  ; 
Foglesville ;  Trexier.  town  ;  JiOwer  Macunjy  ;  Millerstown  ; 
Hrcinigsvillo  ;  Upper  .Mill'ord  ;  Sidieimersville;  Dillingers  ; 
Weiseiiburg  townslM,;  ;  iMount  [feasant;  Upj)er  Saucuii 
township;  Freystowii ;  Salisb\iry  township;  Emaus  ; 
Northamptou  tviv/nsbip  ;  Allentown  ;  freshets  at  Alleiitown  ; 
UehighPort,— p.  IM  -UL 

oil  AFTER  XI. 

IMoNKoi-;  FuijNiv  >)ko.vmzi:i),  Alc.  ;  Monroe  coun' 
en  led;  Suojd  iov/.^  hip,  Sirondsburg;  Fort  Ilamillc '. 
\. :.  iirous  lloiul  i  S.'eiihheld,  or  Lower  Smitliekl  lownahip 


Xll  (ONTKNTS. 

Dulotsbui-,^' •  (:i.:^'b  ^Jea(lo\v;  Branchville  ;  li'ppiu.  c- 
Miildle  Smiil.ii.-lu  lounaliij)  ;  Indian  massacres;  CooririUfTh 
township;  iNnoic\'ille  ;  Spruce  Cirove  ;  JSaxville  ;  'i'oby- 
luuHia  tuwiisiiip  ;  (heat  ^:;waM)p  ;  Pokono  township  ;  Bar- 
lonsville;  'J'an  i.  rsviHc  ;  Oheslnuiliill  township;  iloss 
township;  \Viiiil  (iaj);  Ivnnkiesvilie  ;  Hamilton  icvn 
.ship;  Snyili/iVili',- ;  ]\.lKrsvill  ;  Founersvillc  ;  Saylor^vilic, 
p.  M5 — iSU 

(-llAP'J'KIi   XII, 


</AKnoN  <>ij  jv  Mrlltki),  »tc.  ;  Act  for  croclu.:;  of 
county;  extracts  from  records  of  court;  first  (iiand  Jltoi.;  , 
Attorneys  at  the  ursl  court;  pliysical  appearance  >  ,'  ih'! 
I  uunty  ;  i)Oun(h\rj  y  ;  principal  streams;  Ijcliij^li  n\  ;,  i'-. 
.scenery,  etc.  ;  n.u'.derof  lownships.—  p.  IHl  —  1H(>. 

ciiAi'ri:j{  xiii. 

Tok'aoKAi'iiY  Oi  'J'owNsiiii's  ;  iMauch  ('hunk  lownhliip  ; 
Mauch  Chunk;  I.lauch  CMiunk  Hold;  Puhhc  l)uihh:,o,- ; 
Maiicli  (Ihunk  immnliin;  discovery  of  coal;  Lehir^K  co:,l 
and  navi'ialum  conijiaiiN  ;  raih'Oads  ;  J-ausanne;  lNi'iH,i- 
hoi'.in<^  ;  Laubanne  Iviuiisliij)  ;  Lawrylown  ;  iiOcl;poil; 
(diflon  ;  I'enn  Haven  ;  Deaver  Meadow;  Hazelton  ;  l;;,:-I;s 
lovvnship  ;  I'enn  I'orcsl  townsliip;  Upper  Ton  amt;ri.sip.^ 
township;  Tarrysville;  \Veissport;  i'"orl  Alien,  OiiNew  i 
(tnaden   Hoellen  ;   'I'ippciy's  Hood,  or   Hood  of  '8(5  ,   runi  ] 

l)er  of  interesting'  letters  relating   to   Fort    Allen  ;     l.ovf:.  i 

'I'owamensing  townshij) ;   the  (lap  ;  l'>ast  l*enn   townil,!,!;  | 

Mafioning  township;   Hurlinglon  ;  Lehii;hton  ;  Soutl)    l,t  •  t 

liighton  ;  (Jilbert  ;.nd  family  ahducted. — p.  IHG — 238. 

CHAP'J'FJi  1. 

.Siriiuvi.K'iL  CovNi).-  Mukctbd  ;  'J'nlpehocken  1  ...K  , 
jtetilion  til  crec,  lu  ilvs  ;  iveadingtown ;  Act  of  March  ilih, 
175'.;;  Scini3'li.dl  couiily  erected  cut  of  IJerks  and  r<'(uih- 
amplun,  M.-ich  it,  Hill  ;  extracts  of  court  record  .  .'.  t 
t>rnoy.-!  ali.i'.lci  ,il  ilic  hrsi  eonrl  ;  townships;  coiia\  1  l^.-.  ; 
'  'cMvA  Jcrois  — p.  ■.Ml— 'MH. 


CHAl'TEli  II. 

TopociRAPiiv,  <<.  .,  01  .  TowNsiiii's;  East  Itrunswi.  k 
townsliij);  I'dit  CinUon  ;  Maiilieiin  township;  8cliiiylk;l! 
llaveti;  Bi-aial  .o',m;-,Iiii)  ;  Miiiersvillc  ;  Llewellyn  ;  Lowiv 
Maliaiitaiigo  louii  r.p  :  H.aiy  iown.slu|);  Vu\c  (Jiove  town- 
ship ;  Pine  Giir/e;  Swalaraville  ;  Rush  township;  lluiiifi, 
I'atlerson  ;  'J'.iscarura  ,  Tamaqna;  Schuylkill  township: 
Lonishiirir  ;  LVhuylUll  valley;  Union  township;  Ifppc; 
Mahantan^o  l■■•vvll^  hi,)  ;  '/iaiuiermanstown  ;  Wayne  town- 
ship; iM-ieikr.  i'iiin  •  West  IJrunswiek  township  ;  Orwij.v 
huifT;  Melveaii:-iu,'i',' -:  l/,iiiJisville ;  West  IV-nn  lownshif.  , 
Norwe<rian  lowLbliiO  ;  i*.)Usville  ami  vic-inity  ;  John  l\tiv  s 
father,  Wiihelni  Poll  ;  names  of  first  settlers  about  Pou'-'  ; 
early  history  of  Putt-ville;  Pottsville  in  18 42  ;  in  18'29  :  i.i 
1830;  in  1831;  prr  .eiii  .-^lale  of  Poltsville,  public;  bnihlin^'. 
L^c;  freshets  ai  poll- ville  ui  1831  and  1811  ;  PortCarb>in, 
Irishtown,  Phoatlsi  iwn,  Lawlonlown,  Acretown  avil 
Young's  AcKliiinn  ;  ( "()a(iucun-ic  ;  St.  Clair  ;  Coal  Ua^  i.b- ; 
Mackeysville.— p.  'J  iH— -^1)7. 

CHAPTER  HI. 

History  oi-  (\)\),  if.;  Early  history  of  coaU  u.y. 
engaged  in  the  coal  enlerprizc ;  William  Morris;  Colonel 
Shoemaker;  small  openings  made  in  1813;  improvemenis 
in  mode  of  mining,  1823;  iMill  creek  railroad  commented 
in  1820  ;  Schuylkill  railroad  ;  Norwegian  and  Mount  Car 
bon  railroad;  Mine  Hill  and  Schuylkill  Haven  railroa.l  : 
Eittle  Schuylkill  railroad;  total  of  railroads  prior  to  1833  ; 
amount  of  anthracile  v-oal  ;  amount  sent  from  the  several  d;.- 
tricls,  from  1820  to  1841;  number  of  steam  engines  em- 
ployed ;  Patliii's  coal  breaker ;  improvements  in  machinery  ; 
freight  on  coals,  i^c— p.  21)7—330. 

CHAPTER  IV. 

Coal  Ruci  im  ind  Mis'ing  Operation  in  Schuyi.k  i.i 
IN  1844;  0-lgiii  '.nd  fuvmation  of  coal;  Schuylkill  (.od 
lieid;  coal  joiuiiig  ;  Schuylkill  valley  district ;  the'i'L.'Ca- 
rora  collieries;  Behnont  collieries;  Kinsley's  coUieri  u  ; 
I'ii'eman's   coiheries;    IJreu's    collieries;    Thompson   4': 


XIV  rONTEVTS. 

Peiinmau";  coliiL.ies  ;  Patrick's  collieries;  the  Mim.  IliU 
C()lliel•ie:^  ;  l.ick  i;iu  collieries;  Kinsley's  colliery;  Wil- 
liams' aiid  Di.v;  j'  colliery  ;  Silver  creek  collieries  ;  ihu 
Union  coUieric  .s  ;  lielmont  collieries  ;  David  Richard'.s  col- 
liery ;  rii/iiuuicii's  colliery  ;  Hendersons  colliery;  .la.Ti.-_- 
Berry's  colliery  ;  the  Belfast  colliery  ;  Heebner's  coiliurv  ; 
the  Juncti.)':  cJlieries ;  Bolton  &L  Co's  collieries  ;  I'oit 
Carbon  district ;  die  Salem  collieries  ;  Mill  creek  di.>uicl ; 
Itonaldson's  coii'cry  ;  Kainbow  collieries  ;  Sillynuin  it 
Kvan's  e;"i'ii.  ry  ;  Pinkeilou's  colliery;  Mammoth  ci.iiioy. 

p.  '6o() — ;;hi). 

i^aiAPTER  V. 

Education;  Cjiiiniou  schools;  Prediger  und  Schiila  t  i.v 
ter  in  one  person  ;  hclicmi  dl'  instructiiiff  (iermans,  .Vc.  lU 
1751  ;  iirst  incini. ts  (jI'  ihis  society  ;  school  eslabli-lu  il  iiii- 
der  this  seluuie  ;ii  New  Hanover,  New  Providence,  Jxtuding. 
Lancaster,  YorK,  ilasion,  ttc.  ;  Easlon  free  school  in  1755  ; 
contributors  towaiua  ihu  free  school;  Layfayette  College; 
conrseof  iiihtnu  i.oii  ;  K ciurLS  ;  terms  of  admission  lO  the- 
collei^fc  cb.-Hi-s  ;  i  ^amiiiaiiun  ;  expenses  ;  the  model  ti[.>!oi  : 
scniiiKuirs  of  r\;  Mill  ill  and  15cihlchcm  ;  common  .  ■i.ii  1 
system. — p.  ;{8()  -10;i. 

APPENDIX. 

A  JounNAL  or  Jamis  Yolng,  C'Ommmissary  (ion'!,  jVoiii 
June  19,  to  June  'Mi,  1850;  A  Journal  of  Capt.  John  Van 
Etten,  at  I'orl  Hyndshaw  and  Fort  Hamilton,  tic.  from 
December  1,  175i),  to  July  21,  1757;  Col.  James  P.r.vd'r 
Journal,  who  vibii.  d  a  number  of  h'orts  in  1758. — p.  105 — 
459. 

ADDENDA. 

FiiAGMEXT  o;-  A  Jolirnal,  detalingthc  "doings"  iii  .I'ni 
about  Foit  Nui!'  Kill;  Teedyuscung ;  Religious  i.-.i;' 
p.  461. 


IILSTOM  OF  COUNTIES, 


INIRODUCI'ION. 


(IIIAI'TER  T. 

Scarcely  two   centuries  have  passed  by  since  the 

lute  man  held  any  pn-sessions  among  the  red  men  oi 

!ie  woods,  withni  tlie  iJmits  of  Peimsylvania.     A  little 

nore   than  two  hinidiv;!  yi-;irs  agu,  the  Indians  held  a 

overeign  right   it;  the  >o]\  ol"  Peimsylvania;  and  tlarrc 

i^as    none   beside    his  uwni  I'orcst   brethren,  in   all  the. 

irilds,  glens,  vales  antl  muimtains,  to  molest  or  distnrl) 

liai  in  his  ixMCi'lul  alMjdes  of  the  extended  ''Si/lva/iic..''' 

u  the  priiirress  ot'tiine,  liowever,  the  Swedes  came  ami 

tiled  within  llu;  liniiis  (if  Pennsylvania,  ahoul  the  year 

(j;?8 — they  pmcha.>ed  lands  at   ti  eheaj)   rale,  from  llie 

lulians  in  ami  aliout  Tinicum  Isle,  wiiich  afterwards 

iccame  the  seat  of  government  of  the  New  Sweden  colo- 

iy;foras  early  as  1642,  John  Printz  erected  there  a 

pacions  mansion,  well  known  in  history  as  Printz'  Hall. 

lere  the  Swedes  lield  possessions  tiU  1()55,  when  tlie 

[)utch  subdued  them,  and  brought  them  under  the  jmis- 

lietion  of  Peter  Stuyvesant,  (Jovernor  of  New  Nether- 

aiids,  who,  however,  in  his  turn,  was  soon  afterwardt; 

;oiiqu<;red  by  Charles  II.  of  England;  and  New  Nether- 

aiids,  named  New  York.     Thus,  the  settlements  made 

jy  the  Swedes,  and  held  a  short  time  by  the  Dutch,  fell 

jito  the  possession  of  ihe  l'.;ia:lish  in  \0G4. 

In  J']m-o|)(!,a  -jaiii  ef  lehgioiis  ])erseeiition  caused  ma 

y  an  aehiiii;  heait   to  yearu  alter  a  place  of  peace  and 

■pose  ;  Avh.re,  m  .;'i)e(li{,u,c  h>  the  dictates  of  conscience, 

le   Aliui;rhly  mlghl  he  v.  li/shiitped  wilhoul  an  im]»i.u;s 

lie,  idn  by  "1  iU  ijei'.'.ejii  tin;  homage  of  man  and 


2  IXTKODUCTION.  \ 

his  Crnaior.     At  this  time  the  founder  of  Pennsylvaa. 
on  account  ol'  his  reUgious  seiithnents,  siitfered  niLici.>  i 
this  way  ;  aiid  m  order  to  escape  j^ersecution,  a. id  t-i      ) 
tablish  a  col. my  for  the  oppressed  of  all  denoiiiiiiati.,!,   ; 
turned  his  eye  tiiion  the  western  world.  1 

William  r«.-i.n,  was  born  in  London,  Octoher  lu,  io  ] 
grandsou  of  Giles  Penn,  and  son  of  Sir  ^Villi;ull  PiJi.  i 
Admiral  of  the  English  Navy,  availed  him.-.  Hol  i' 
claims  la.  iia'J  upon  the  liritish  Government,  uii  .ccou  e 
of  the  emine.a  services  his  father  had  rendered  d,u  eou  < 
try,  petitioned  King  CharKis  II.,  thai,  in  lieu  di  a  ijr  I 
sum  of  money,  sixteen  thousand  ]»ounds,  dur  il''  .^di.  \ 
ral,  at  his  dcalli,  to  g-rant  him  letters  patent  lor  a  Uarl,  i 
land  in  America,  "  lying  north  of  Maryland  ;  ci  ,iic  ; .  ' 
bounded  by  iJelawtire  river;  on  the  wosl,limil(  ii  as  M 
ryland  •,  and  n>Kthward,  to  extend  as  far  as  pl;i';r:d)!e.'    ^ 

Pcnn  obtain*  d  a  charter  from  Charles  II.,  dated  ^  ! 
Westminster,  IMareh  4,  1(381.  Having  now  !■■  lm.  s  •'.  1 
proprietary  of  Pennsylvania,  he  made  sales  oi'  i;>h(i  .  i  ' 
adventurers,  called  first  settlers,  who  embark<'d.  ^.av.i  ;  ■ 
London,  otluM-;  at  Pristol,  in  ItiSl,  lor  Amcri/.i.  ard  ;:.  ) 
arrived  ai  Upland,  now  Cliester,on  Deccmher  1  I  i\;ii 
with  many  of  his  friends,  chielly  from  Sussex,  J'iighiiit  li 
sailed  for  America,  and  landed  at  New  Castle  on  (he  2~.  'I 
October,  1(J82,  where  he  was  received  Avith  dc'uonsiu  .' 
tionsof  joy,  ]\:nn  went  to  Upland,  where  lir  ci.cwir  . 
an  assembly,  l}.:c.  4lli ;  and  in  a  brief  session  of  three  day  1; 
enacted  yeverai  important  laws,  one  of  which  wis  an  a^ 
to  naturalize  tin;  Dutch,  Swedes,  and  other  lon.igiiors. 

Tlie  same  ye  ir  th.U  I'cun  arrived,  there  was  quite  ..  1 
accession.  Thi;  two  next  succeeding  years,  scLilersiru:  i] 
London,  lirisiol,  Wales,  Holland,  Cerniany,  ice  .  arriv.' 
to  the  number  c/f  50  sail;  among  these  were  Cei  niaji  Qr..  ; 
kers  from  Cre.-.lnjim,  near  Worms,  in  the  Palatin.i  le.  T':  . : 
banks  of  the  Delaware  were  one  Inistling  scia,!' — .-.tii;. 
lodged  in  tlie  v/oods  in  hollow  trees,  some  in  ca  .  "s.  whi(  ^i 
were  easily  dug  on  ihe  high  l^aiiks  of  ihe  Wissab'.:l:on  a',  d 
the  Deh'.wa rC;  ,.iid  others  in  liaste  erected  hut     '  '\ 

'  Proud  II,  ii-JO 


l:<fli01)UCTI0N.  ,•; 

To  do  justice,  oecuie  the  smiles  of  the  Indians,  and  lo 
meet  the  approbatioii  of  Heaven,  Penn  held  treaties  ol 
jieace  and  friendship  vilh  tlie  tawny  sons  of  tlie  fore/;t. 
and  contracted  x^^ttli  them  for  their  lands — this  done,  ha 
proceeded  to  lay  out  ;"!  city,  by  the  assistance  of  his  sui- 
veyor.  Gen.  ThuKu.':-  Itohne.     Eighty  houses  were  elect- 
ed, the  first  year,  ni  Philadelphia.     Next  was  a  survey 
of  lands  for  tlie  frsl  set  tiers.  This  having  heen  coni]>lei- 
I  ed,  th(3  proprietary,  'n  1G82,  divided  the  cuuntry  into  ti\r, 
\  counties — thresh    in    the    territory  of  Delaware  ;  nanu.ly, 
I  New  Castle,  Jvi'nf,  ;,i;d  Siiss'(!x;  three  in  the  province  of 
Pennsylvania;  namely, Philadelptiia,  Bucks, and  Chest(  i : 
tlie  first  and  last,  embracing  all,  and  nmch  more,  of  ih,- 
land  witlnii  the  jneseiit  limits  of  Berks  and  Lebanon. 

Penn  remained  but  ,i  .,hurt  time  on  his  first  arri^^al ;  i.e 

sailed  for  Europe,  Au_nist  16,  lti84,leaving  the  province 

under  the  governmeni  of  Hvc.  commissioners,  chosen  fnrm 

llie  Provincial  council ;   however,  previous  to  his  de|)ar- 

ture,  he  made  a  leagn.;  ui"  amity  with  nineteen  Indian 

hiations,  between  theai  and  ah  the  Enghsh  America. 

hi  Ui!)9,  Penn  again  \  isited  the  colony,  and  remamc  i 

only  till  November  Isi,  1701,  when  he  returned  to  En^'- 

land,  where  he  died,  July  30th,  1718,  at  Rushcomb,  near 

\  Twytbrd,  in  Jiuckinghamshire,  aged  about  seventy-four 

I  years,     in  1712,  he  hud  been  seized  with  some  fits  of  thf. 

K  apoplectic  kind,  whici;  for  the  last  six  yenrs  of  his  Inc. 

[had  i-endered  him  incapable  of  doing  public  business. 

'*     When  the  Swedes   first   arrived,   and   settled  on  th; 

\  shores  of  the  Delaware,  and  when  the  Engti.sh  landed  w 

^  1G81,  they  foinid  a  numerous  race  of  Indians,  who  me; 

[  the  w/iite  strangers  in  a  IVicndly  manner  ;  and  when  tbu 

\  following  year,  IVilliain  Penn,  witli  his  train  of  j)aciii" 

\  friends  arrived,  he  was  also  hailed  with  afiection,  an. I 

treated  as  their  Miquci  or  elder  brother. 

At  the  time  of  Pemi's  arrival,  there  were  not  less  t}i;i!.. 
ten  native  tribes  in  l^cjinsyivunia,  com])rising  about  six 
thousand  in  numli  'r  :  rhtj^e,  however,  formed  only  a  por- 
tion of  the  Indi -i.s  iiili;ibiliiig  the  country  hetween  \\\  - 


I  IN'l'llODUCTION.  ,^' 

ginia  and  Canada;  tliosewho  were  principally .seaUici  > 

die  Delaware,  were  the  Lenni  Leuape,  and  were  co\i4; 

dered  th.j  graiidfathers  of  near  forty  tribes.     Tlic  oilu  ;^' 

were  the  Mi>r.;:we,  or  usually  called  Iroquois,  wlio  ii 

habited  (ho  more  northern  portion  of  the  United  States | 

The  Iroquois  were  also  divided  into  numerous  tribes.     ; 

Accordiiig  10  po})ular  tradition,  the  numerous  vn\:u:t  /. 

the    Delaware   and  Iroquois,  trace  their  origin   to  ;■..■.' 

sources.     The  traduious,  as  handed  down  by   di.::r  •■.[ 

cestors,  run  tiiiis:  The   Lenni  Lenape,  or,  for   brevity ''i 

sake,  "  Ia  tirpr''  nx-aniiig  The  original  pci'pL.  weii-  :.:'' 

unmixed  and  unchanged  race,  residing,  many  ceauur^w 

ago,  towards  the  setting  of  the  sun — somewhere  in   ll| 

ivat  of  ibis  (ciilincnt.     For  fc,ome  reasons,  not  exj'la';  -  i; 

llKiy  deturmiia'd  to  migrate  towards  the  rising  .M'tby  >\\m 

After  their  journeying  tlavy  arrived  at  the    Fish    i:i>J) 

the  Namasi  Sijxt,  (Mississippi ;)  liere  they  i'Ai  u\  vui.  i 

nation,  also  in  ([uesl    of  a   new  home  castwanl-— iho-| 

W(ne  I  he  Mengwe,  or  Iroipiois,  as  they  have  sna.-e  I-  >f 

called.     They  here  united  their  forces,  antici]-:.L!;i..'  i'i| 

j»(».sitioii  fioiii   I  |)et)])le  uf  gigantic  form,  and   >.  i.o|..;i(;.i^ 

lace,  the  Alligewi,  on  the  east  of  the  iMi^MsNi|;^c,        "n'  ': 

many  days  alter  dieir  union,  before  they  advai.:'.   !.  m;^ 

ny  and  nnglily  battles  were  Ibught — the  Alligewi  U)  '■<: 

(•ai)e  tolal  extermination,  abandoned  the  country  w>  r!,:j 

\n:'A.,\Ac  u^-'Tlfj:  Ncia  Union''   lied  tar    south \v:i id.   ■b-l 

never    returned.       The  victors  now  divided   die    ■,     .^ 

die  country  was  shared  oiU  among  diemselves — tli<'  Ir  . 

ipiois  made  choice  of  the  north — lands  m  the  vicini;/  •; 

the  i^reat  lakes-,  and  on  their  tributary  streams;   ih  ■    /.!, 

nape  took  possession  of  more  southern  parts,  wia  i-  ili^'j 

hved  in  peace  for  in. my  years,  till  tlie  Fairo|»e\'i;;s  ■  av. 

"Idle  LenajU! ;  or,  as  they  were  called  by  die   F.iiro;  . 

ans,  iJfhncarcs,  wen;  divided  into  three  tribe  s   -die  /  O.., ; 

/ni'i,  or  Tmde  ;  th  ;  IVunalachl ikus,  or  Turku/  :  ai.  i  u 

.4///^s^  .1-  \'.'.u!'.     "The  i1//;rS'/,   or  i\[onceyN,   d.e    /e..;. 

'A.irlike    )i'il.';- ihr 'c  tribes,  inbabiied  a  com.iiy  iha^  ■■■ 

lenils  iVooi  the  .Miiiisink  on  the  Didawarejo  ih.illi'  i    j 

oi,    ilie'.'Al,    le  liie   SllS(plidianiiah  on  du    m.  •  d' >/i- 1, '•  ■ 

die.  head  \vi|:.|-;       !'  the    |)(d;t\vare  and  Siisqin  Il,!,ij..'.  ■;  •: 


IN'i  HODOCTION.  r, 

vers  on  the  iiorlh.  nud  .  .  tliat  range  of  lulls  now  known 
^  111  New  Jersey  by  .lie  .;unie  of  Muskenecum,  and  by 
[those  ot  Lclngh  and  Coghnewago,  in  Pennsylvania- 
1  he  Monceys  einbvaced  a  number  of  subordinate  inbcs 
I  who  were  known  by  na.nes  deri\^ed  from  their  residence' 
iorsome  aceidentul  eucuuistance.  Sneh  were  the  Sns-' 
i  quehannas,  Neshauiines,  Coni.-,loffas,  and  other  tribes  m 
I  the  province  of  PcMisvlvania. 

^  Shortly  afiiBr  t L .  .ni..d  oi  William  Pemi,  a  number  of 
Germans,  Welsh,  Iridi  and  otliers,  immigrated  to  thu 
provinces ;  many  ,, fwlv.se  descendants  are  to  be  found 
withm  the  counties  ut  vliieh  iL  is  intended  to  give  a  his- 
tory. 01  these,  something  will  be  said,  before  entering 
u))on  the  historical  pan  id'  this  work. 


CHAPTER  II 


THE  GERMANS.  j 

The  Germans,  who  first  emigrated  into  the  I'lui:.  ■  ' 
of  Pejnisylv;:j:ia,canio  chielly  for  conscience'  hal.j";  ;  tbr.'-ei 
who  aji'i\  t)(l  raalatrr  period, came  to  improve  Ihcii  i  ■  i 
poral,  a:-:  \V(  II  as  tlieir  spiritual  condition.  T^^T  ).j-  i  - 
names  of  the  liisl  (German  emigrants,  except  a  few  oT  iii':: 
German  Quakers  who  came  in  witli  Penn,  are  pres'-^r^.  ■  i' 

Among  the  very  first,  wliose  name  has  hei  )i  hand'  :il 
down,  is  that  of  ifenry  Fry,  who  arrived  two   y.u'j s  1    j 
fore  WiUiam  renn.     His  widow  was  sti)l  livin-  in  1  7    i   i 
One  Platenbach  came  a  few  years  later,  t       In   ]G8.?,  ..j 
considtn-ahle  number  came  from  Cresheim — the.-:e  ■"." 
principally    Quakers.       They  settled   at   Geri-iaM,.  m 
About  the  year  1G84  or  '85,  a  company  was  f  .iii.M-.l  i 
Germany,  calKul  the  ''Frankfort  Land  Coinpaiiy/ 
sisting  at  first  of  ten  gentlemen,  living  in  FraiiK-ftn,  o 
the  Mayne;  their  articles  were  executed  in  thai  cily    > 
the  2  1tli  of  November,  1G8(3.     They  seem  to  liave  h.  < 
men  of  note  by  the  use  of  each  of  his  separate  se;-.!.    Tlie:  | 
names  were  G.  Van  JNIastrick,  Thomas  V.  WylicL   .1   Li! 
Le  Bran,  F.  Dan.  Pastorious,  John  J.  Schuetz,  jia.ni.:' 
Behagel,  Jacobus  Van  JJewaller,  John  W.  Peiersoii.  J;;j 
hamies  Kimb(  i, Balihasur  Jowest.     They  bought  25.  ■■■•I 
acres  of  land  fiom  Penn.      Tlie  Germantown  pai.-^nt  lorj 
5350,  and  the  Manatauney  patent  for  22,377  acres.     T.I 
D.  Pastorious  was  ai)pointed  the  attorney  lor  tbe  coh.(.i  I 
ny,  and  after  his  resignation,  Dan.  Faulkner  was,  in  17061 
made  attorney.  | 

In  1708,  1709,  1710,  to  1720,  thousands  of  fii.;m  en.i^ 
grated  \Ai(t  were  known  as  Palatines,  becaus.;  ihi^y  liad^ 
come  froiii  die  Palatinate,  whither  some  hadl)'0u  fox  i.f^ 
to  flee  from  their  homes  in  other  parisofEuivpe.  Iviaii;,jt 


'  ii-A.  N>ich.  j  Ibul. 


HISTOaV    OF    NOKTHAMP'J'ON    COUNTY,  7 

ofthesehadgoiL-fijst  to  Enc^land  on  the  invitation  oi 
Queen  Anne,  at  v/hose  bounty,  not  a  few  were  trans- 
ported to  America.  Hundreds  of  them  wer&  gratuitously 
lurnished  witli  religious  and  useful  books,  before  then- 
departure,  by  the  Kead  Anton  Wilhelm  Eoelim,  Court- 
chaplam,  of  St.  James.  Tlie  principal  book  was  Arudt'^i 
Uahres  Christeiubuni.  Among  these  German  emigrauf'; 
were  Mennonites.  Jjimkards,  German  llefornied,  and 
Lutherans.  T'k  u  niiriber  was  so  great,  as  to  draw  tl- 
remarks  Irom  Jin.-.,  hoyan,. secretary  of  the  province  ^I 
Peim.sylrania,  in  1717— •  W'c  have,'"'  said  he,  ^' of  Uur, 
X  great  unmlicr  (,/  l\i,,,tin,  :,  pomcd  in  u].(jn  ns  witlu-nr 
r  any  recommendation  or  notice,  which  gives  the  country 
some  uneasiness,  for  fn-eiLmens  do  not  so  well  amon^--  ir. 
as  our  own  Engli.bli  jt.-oplc." 

In  1719,  Jonathan  J)jcl.io.s(m  remarks,  <•' We  are  daily 
expcctmg  ships  from  i.muhm  which  bring  over  P.alatines 
jn  nmnber  abt)ut  six  or  ,s(;ven  thousand.     We  had  a  j.ai  ' 
eel  who  came  out  about  five  years  ago,  who  purchased 
land  about  sixty  miles  west  of  Philadelphia,  and  prove 
qinet  and   industrious.       Some   I'cw  came  from  Ireland 
lately,  and  inoiv  am  CAiuMird  lli.ncc.-       'I'jns  is  besid.-.s 
'Jur   c(nnna)n  supply  irom    \Vales  and  England.     Our 
iriends  do  increase  mightily,  and  a  great  peojde   there  i.s 
lu  the  wdderness,  which  is  fast  becoming  a  Iruitful  field  " 
From  1720  to  1725,  the  number  of  Germans  irom  the 
1  alatmate,  Wurlenberg,  Darmstadt,  &c.,  increased  ;  thes.- 
settled  prineipally  m  wliat  is  iMontgomery,  IJerks,  and 
^    Lancaster  county.     Those  who  came  in   between  17!J(i 
and  1725,  were  accompanied  by  ministers  of  the  gospel 
and  some  schoolmasters— among  the  German  Reformed 
was  iiev.  liochm,  who  had  come  in  prior  to  1720,  and 
Kev.  George  Micliael   Weiss,  who  came  subsequent  to 
1720.     Among  the    Lutheran  ministers  were  the  Kev. 
Inilckner,  llmckel,  and  Stoever.      Their   schoolmasters, 
lor  the  want  oi  a  suj)p]y  of  ministers,  read  sermons  aiut 
jH-ayers.      Among   the  Duokards  were  the  Rev.  Pete. 
Uecker,  and  Alexander  Mack,  as  ministers. 


I  •  The 


!<;  Uic  .\J.  iiiiouiies  in  Peijuea  valley. 


lioi;.!-,!-: 

nc  ifivi; 

8  RTSIORY  OF  NORTHAMPTON  COUNTY. 

In  the  pen.xl  between  1720  and  1725,  a  i,i;i:il 
Germans  eniigTated  from  tlie  State  of  New  Vurli 
settled  at  Tnl}  eliocken.  Of  these,  a  detailed  accom 
be  given  when  sj>eakiiig  of  Tul])ehocken  town  hi| 

From  1725  to  1740,  there  was  anotlier  gruai 
German.s  of  various  religious  opinions,  German 
ed,  Lutheraii.,  CaUiolics,  Moravians,  and  Swru 
arrived;  of  'lie  latter,  a  particular  account  wi'l 
Avlien  sp'jaking  of  Hereford  township.  It  a]j]i  .rs.  ."  ' 
a  letter  written  hy  James  Logan,  in  1725,  tli  ^t  iiMU'y  , 
the  Gecnuins"  were  not  over  scrnpnious  in  th:ii  ';';:i]!i 
ance  witli  tlu:  r^'gnlatiijus  of  tlie  hand  Ollicii.  lit-  1 1_ 
and  perhaps  with  mach  truth,  '"they  co.mc  hi,  i: 
crowds,  and  ns  bold,  indigent  strangers  from  (rcrni;  i.;; 
where  many  of  tliem  have  been  Sijkliers.  Ai;  [hesr  u' 
in  the  best  Vacant  tracts,  and  seize  upon  then:  us  pk'>0(. 
of  common  spoil.  He  says  they  rarely  approach  liii/i  ■. 
tlieir  arrival  to  ])roposo  to  purciiase  ;  and  when  tliey  an 
sought  out  antl  challenged  for  their  riglit  of  .i^cvrpu.^^y 
they  allege  it  was  ])ablished  in  Europe  that  \\  '■  v.'a.,:i,, 
and  solicited  for  colonists,  and  had  a  sui)cral«i  ndai..  (,  i\ 
land,  and,  therefore,  tliey  had  come  without  lln;  :i.  i 
to  ])ay.  The  (iermans  in  after  time  endiroilt' 1  v.'iili  .i  i 
Indians  at  Tulpehocken,  tlu'eatening  a  serious  ;uTair.  Ij 
general,  those  Mdio  sat  down  without  titles  acijM 
enough  in  a  lew  )^ears,  to  buy  them,  and  sc^  a-^'mi 
they  wore  leii  mniKjlcsted. 

The  character  then  known  to  him,  lie  states,  are  ui 
of  them  a  suriy  people — divers  of  them  Pa})ist  > — die  nii', 
well  armed;  and,  as  a  body,  a  warlike,  morose  ract 
1727,  he  states  that  6000   Gernrans  more  are  cxpec.v.J 
(and  also  many  from  Ireland,)  ami  these  emigraiion 
hopes,  may  be  prevented  in  future  hy  act  of  ]'ai-]iai! 
else  he  fears  Those  colonies  will,  in  time,  be  1  jst  to 
crown  ! — a  faluro  act. 

"In  172'.;,  he  speaks  of  being  glad  to  observ  ;  li  o  iii 
of  strangers,  as  liktiiy  to  attract  tne  interferem  .  of  j\'u 
ment ;  tor  truly,  says  he,  they  have  danger  h)  u\'\)rd'V':^ 
for  a  country  where  not  even  a  militia  exist',  lor  govL'-ri 
ment  .sripport.     To  arrest,  in  some  degree,  iii'  i;  r.ir'.'; 


HISi'OuY  i;t'  i-a.RTHAMPTON  COUNTV.  !; 

the  Asseinlily  jiassc  J  a  fax  of  twenty  shillings  a  head  ou 
new  arrived  ycrvaiil.". 

"In  anotlier  letter,  he  says,  the  numbers  from  Gernx:i- 
ny  at  this  rate  w'A\  soon  produce  a  German  colony  here 
and  })erliaps  sucii  an.  :ine  as  IJritain  received  from  Saxo- 
ny in  the  51h  century.  Ho  even  states,as  among  the  ai^prc- 
hended  schenur,  .)l  Sir  William  Keith,  the  former  gover- 
nor, that  lie,  Ihuia;id  and  Gould,  Iiave  liad  sinister  pro 
jects  of  formiiii'^  :iu  in  iependent  province  in  the  west,  m 
the  westward  of  ih.:  Germans,  towards  tlie  Ohio — prol-a- 
bly  Avest  of  the  riiuim'ain-;,  and  to  be  supplied  Ijy  his 
friends  among  d;  ■  ]'\!aiii:i-^  and  Irish, among  whom  -./as 
his  cliief  popularity  ;a  that  time. 

''From  1740  to  1 7 ')i3,  emigrants  came  in  byhuii(h'(  Is 
During  this  period  a  iaimher  of  Moravians  and  Swenclc-- 
felders  arrived,  and  ,;.  Itled,  ])rincipally,  within  the  [Ui;- 
sent  limits  of  Norlhai,i|)ton  county  and  Lehigh.  Of  these 
a  detailed  accomil  will  be  given  when  speaking  of  those 
counties. 

"In  tlie  autumn  of  1719,  not  less  than  twenty  vess-.l;., 
with  German  ]iassen;.^ers  to  the  number  of  twelve  thou- 
scmd,  arrived  at  Phihididjihia.  In  1750,  1751, and  17v?, 
the  number  was  not  much  less.  Among  those  who  eini- 
grated  in  the  years  fr  )m  1740  to  1752,  there  were  maiiy 
who  bitterly  laineuted  that  they  iiad  forsaken  their  honus 
for  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania.  At  that  time  there 
was  a  class  of  Germans  who  had  residetl  some  time  in 
Pennsylvania,  well  k'nowii  by  the  name  of  Neulacnde.i  .^ 
who  made  it  their  Imsiness  to  go  to  Germany  and  ]> re- 
vail  on  their  countrymen  to  sacrifice  their  property,  aiid 
embark  for  America.  In  many  instances,  persons  m  eayy 
circumstances  at  home,  with  a  view  to  better  their  con 
dition,  came  to  America,  but  to  their  sorrow  found  th;u 
their  condition  was  rendered  none  the  better,  but  in  nu- 
merous instances  worse,  if  not  wn'etched.  Others  again, 
who  liad  not  the  nieiins  of  paying  their  passage  across 
the  Atlantic,  were,  on  thr^ir  arrival  at  Philadelphia,  tx- 
posed  at  public  auelioii  to  .serve  for  a  series  of  yeais  t'> 
pa}^  their  passage-.  '1  hose,  (bus  disposed  of,  wiav;  i>  r.n- 
ed  ^!  de/zLjAioHcra.     '1  lie  Palatine  Uedemptioners   \\oi<' 


10 


>HY  GF  iVOllTHAMPTON  COUNTV. 


usually  suid  aui.ii  ijouiids,  for  from  tliree  to  five  year 
s-ervjludc.  Many  or  iheiii,  after  serviug  out  thvii- titf. 
latthtuUy,  brcahji;,  liy  iVui^^ality  and  industry,  soim;  ofllu 
most  wealthy  and  inlluentiaJ  citizens  of  the  State,  Tl 
years  that  wore  ]M>culiarly  remarkable  for  tlie  iinpovc:,iU.i 
of  Palatiu.:  U.'(i<'iiij)iiuiier.s  were,  1728,  '2.9, '37,  '  Jl,  -\5o 
and  ^51.  Of  t;.,^  class  many  had  become  men  of  wcahi, 
and  mlitience  m  th.-ir  day,  and  whose  desce]idri;i{s  a,,. 
among  the  nrst  m  society,  as  to  mtelligence,  weahli  and 
J'esj)ectabii.t7. 

,  "  '"  ^■"'  '■  '^i'-'"  ''  «^iy  'il"uit  the  year  1753  to   1  TiC;.  ij,.:, 
ijermanshavn.;;  !juc<aiiiujinnerons,and  therefore  [.o^'  ■] 
tul  as  ?)ia/>v>w(/\/t/s  m  the  jxditical  balance,  wrr;-  .upn^ 
noticed  Jii  the   iMd.licaiions  of  the  day.     They  -yrrr.    .t 
liiat  ])eri()d  of  ume,  m  gcaaa'al,  very  hearty  co-(),i;T:.ir.' 
with   the  Qual.-cs  ,m-  Friends,  then  m  c(msi<ler,d  Ir  fl,- 
m  the  Assembly.       A   MSS.  pamphlet  in  the  Fr;i,j.-|,f. 
Ubrary  at  J^hil,Mdel]diia,  supposed  to  have  l>een  o'n'eM 
l-y  Sanmel  \VhaM(m,   m    17.55,  shows    his  idea.  ,,r  if- 
passing  events,  saying,  that  the  party  on  the  side  (,(   (|,, 
I' nends  derived  much  oi'  their  inliueiice  over  |i  ,    (ict 
luans,  Ihn.ie^b  d:e  aid  of  (\  Sauers,  who  publish.  ,,  a  (  !m 
luan  paper  m  (i.TmanU.wn,  iVom  the  time  of  IT-!',  n    | 
which,  belli-  mu.d,  rea.l  by  that  people,  inflneiicrei  ihem 
10  the  side  of  the  Friends,  and  hostile  to  the  (Jovor.'or 
andcoimcil.     'J'hioiioh  this  means,  says  he,  they  iia'v 
persuaded  them  ihat  there  was  a  desien  toeirslav  wliem  • 
Jo  eniorce  then  young  men,  by  a   cmitemplaled    i.:iliii,, 
law,  to  become  s,>idiers,  and  to  load  tlicm  doxvu    with 
taxes,  &c.    From  such  causes,  ]ie  adds,  have  they  .  oe,e 
down  in, shoals  lo  vote,  (of  course,  many  from  Noih^ 
;unpton,)  and  cairyin-  all  before  them.     To  this  1   m  vv 
says  Watson,  and,  that    [  have  heard  fi'om  the  rl.r  iJ 
amily,  that  their  ancestors  in  the  Asscunbly  were  warm- 
ly patromzed    i)ythe    Cermans  hi   miion  whh  Friends 
Ills  alarms  at  ibis  (ii  rman  inliueiice  at  the  ))oils,  ai^d  1  i. 
proposed  nM,..|ie,f.r  die  then  dreaded  evils,  ,-s  jp.y 
show  the  p.-  :valeMf  n,;lings  of  Ids  associates  in  ^.olitics 
7''V"'''''^  '''   ■""'  -   ""^  present  generation,     tie,  says 
'lie  best  eln;ris  (ii    these    successes  of  tlie  (ierm-ie  wiil 


HISTOIU-   or  NORTHAMPTON  COUNTY.  11 

probably  be  fell  thiough  many  generations!  Instead  ol 
a  }jeaceable,  iiiLlustrious  people,  as  before,  they  arc  Viow 
insolent,  snilea,  and  turbnlenl ;  in  some  counties  tbieai- 
ening  even  tlv.:  lives  of  all  tliose  who  opposed  their  views, 
liecausc  they  aj-e  taught  to  regard  government  and  sla- 
very as  one  aiui  the  same  tiling.  All  wlio  are  nui  oi' 
their  party,  tl^.cy  cdl  '•  Guvernor\<i  ■/nc/i,"  and  tiicjii- 
selves,  they  deeui  siroiig  enough  to  make  the  cour.iry 
llieir  own  !  Inikr.d,  they  come  in,  in  such  force,  say  up 
wards  of  50(jO  in  Un;  last  year,  I  see  not  but  they  may 
soon  be  able  t'.  ;iiv(;  iis  law  and  languacre  too,  ur  rise, 
Ijy  joining  tiio  I'riuru,  cjj.t  all  the  English,  'JMiai  d;is 
may  he  ilie  case,  is  too  much  to  be  feared,  for  almo.\L  lo 
a  man  tliey  refused  lo  beai-  arms  in  th(i  time  of  tWc  fite. 
war,  and  they  say,  a  is  all  one  to  them  which  Icing  :;Ois 
tlie  country,  as  dicu'  i.'slates  will  be  equally  secure.  In- 
deed it  is  clear  that  ibti  f'riMich  have  tin-ned  their  ln'])t'^. 
upon  this  great  i)od/  of  Germans.  They  liope  to  alliue 
them  by  grants  of  (diio  lands.  To  this  end,  they  .^  nd 
their  Jesuiti(-al  L-mis-aiies  among  them  to  persuade  tl,(  in 
over  lo  the  IViplsli  it'leMi-n.  In  courert  with  this,  li-^ 
Frcucli  I'or  so  many'  yi'ai.s  have  encroarln'd  on  oor  j  iu- 
vince,  and  are  now  si)  near  Uieir  scheme  as  to  be  wiiiui 
two  days'  march  of  some  of  our  back  settlements'' — al- 
luding, of  course,  to  the  state  of  the  western  wilds,  o'.er- 
run  by  French  and  Indians,  just  before  the  arrival  ot 
Braddock's  Ibrces  in  Virginia,  in  1755. 

'•  The  writer  (Wharton)  inrputes  their  wrong  bia-.  ii 
general  to  their  "stubborn  genius  and  ignorance,"  wl.itli 
he  ))roposes  to  soften  by  education — a  scheme  still  sug- 
gested as  necessary  to  give  the  general  mass  of  the  in- 
land country  Germans  right  views  of  public  indiviibial 
interests.  To  this  end,  he  proposes  that  faithful  l-'rea.  s- 
tant  ministers  and  sclioolmasters  should  be  su])|)()fo,cl 
among  them.  Tb.M  (heir  children  .should  be  lauuht  the 
English  tongue  :  die  government  in  the  mean  time  si.  aild 
.suspend  thoir  riglit  of  voting  for  mendjers  of  Assemhiy ; 
and  to  incline  'iiem  the  sooner  to  become  English  io  <Ju- 
cation  and  reeling,  v/e  should  compel  them  to  malvC  all 
1».     J  i  and  oth'ir  lei;:d  writings  ui  English,  and  no  i.e  \/S' 


12  rnbi'Oivy  of  X0RTHA]NrPT0N  countv. 

paper  or  almauac  be  circulated  among  them  iiu); :..,  [a: , 
accompanii'd  hy  the  English  thereof." 

''Fmally/' the  writer  concludes,  that  '•  Avithom  .M-iia 
such  measure,  I  see  nothing  to  prevent  this  provm.e  iVo,r 
falling  mto  tiie  Innds  of  the  French." 

]3etbre  and  from  the  Revolution  of '76,  German:,  , n;, 
grated  from  Europe,  and  settled  in  those  parts  of  rem 
sylvania— niiie-ienths  of  the  early  settlers  in  Norrhnnip- 
ton  and  Schuylkill  counties,  which  eml.)raced,  at  their  iii-^- 
organizatiou,  rdl  Uiose  counties  of  which  it  is  inopj-c:! 
to  give  a  hisioiy. 

Since  \82:],  mony  Germans,  principally  miner-  i;:i';  , 
settled  in  the  coid  regions  of  these  counties. 


OliAPTEE  III. 

i'HE  WELSH. 

In  the  very  iiicipii /u  stage  of  the  first  settlements  maai^ 
in  the  PruvincL',  iiiocy  Welshmen  arrived  in  Pennsylv;,- 
Ilia.  Tliey  AVCi.\  ot  sterling  worth  and  of  a  most  exc  ;1- 
lent  character.  '■  Tliey  were,"  says  a  certain  writer,  ..f 
the  last  century,  "  X  liardy,  active,  hospitable  and  kiirh 
hearted  people — only  a  little  hasty  and  qaarrelsonK;." 

Among  the  most  iniluential,  at  early  day,  was  Tinjii  i- 
Lloyi),  one  of  J^enn'-.  Depiuy  Governors.  He  died  ii; 
K) 94,  aged  fifty-four  years,  llis  father,  siays  Proud,  wns 
a  person  of  fortune,  rank  and  esteem  ;  of  an  ancient  ib- 
mily  and  estate,  called  Dolohran,  in  the  North  of  ^Val^'^. 
Thomas  Lloyd,  the  hue  Deputy  Governor,  was  educati-d 
in  the  best  schools;  from  wliicli  he  was  removed  to  iL  . 
ITihversity  at  Oxford  ;  whcri;,  it  is  said,  he  attained  coii- 
siderable  [)roficicncy  ;  and  being  endowed  with  good  iii- 
tural  parts,  and  an  amiable  disposition  of  mind,  he  .a  • 
iracted  the  regard  and  esteem  of  persons  of  rank  and 
figure,  and  was  afterguards  in  the  way  of  considerable, 
preferment  hi  the  world  ;  but  being  of  a  sober  and  rt;ii' 
gious  way  of  thinking,  he  joined  witli  the  Quakers,  a,  id 
renounced  all  worldly  considerations,  for  that  peace  of 
mind,  and  real  mortal  lelicity,  which  he  believed  to  o^^ 
the  elTect  of  true  religion  ;  and  become  a  highly  esteemed 
preacher  in  that  Society.  In  consequence  ol' which, hav- 
ing sulfered  much  unmerited  reproach,  ])ersecution  an-l 
loss  of  property,  in  his  native  country,  he  afterwards  le- 
i,  anumg  the  first  or  early  settk-rs, 
;m  l\jim's  most  intimate  frieiii Is. 
.if  i!j:j  [)rincipal  ]>ersons  in  iiu. 
h:^l  arrival,  and  of  very  gi.  :t 
i.iii- ;. 

V   ,urrhnsed  of  William  Peiin    ;m 
id  ;tcrcs  of  land,  and  settled  Oil  .i'v' 


mo 

ved  to  Peim. 

^V'\';' 

an. 

was  one  oi 

■\\;i 

He 

was    mosii 

y  G!i 

g.)V 

ermneiit,    fi- 

m;i    i 

service  in  ih.-  ;> 

lb  he 

' 

Ml.;   Wrl.sli  V 

■id  e; 

V.u 

'      id,  forty 

lho;K 

11  itlSiOHV  OF   NORTHAiMPTON  COUXTV. 

west  sidf.  of  Uio  Scluiylkill  river.  Only  a  i'e w  yv.;.i:. 
<dapsed  wiien  their  uiunber  was  considerably  increased  ; 
it  was  suificieritiy  augmented,  that  they  had  sctilod,  Ik - 
fore  the  yea'  1()92,  not  less  than  six  townshi})s  i/i  Ch;  • 
ter  county. 

The  custom  <:f  the  Welsh,  and  that  of  tlie  S\vi.:,s  n-l 
Palathies,  in  sliding  parts  of  Pennsylvania,  was  ^iniil'  i 
They  would  eidier  purchase  extensive  tracts  in  Tiighmd 
to  settle  many  of  their  friends  in  one  body,  a.s  did  d' 
Menonites  ni  Pequea  valley,  in  1709  and  1710  :  m  li!;( 
the  Frankford  com])any  in  IGSG,  or  as  they  di.;,  :is  just 
ahuded  to  above;  or  they  did  in  some  instancy,  sf  nd  - 
persons  across  t!ie  Atlantic,  to  take  up  land  for  tl  citi.  nnd 
make  some  prci.aralion  for  the  rt'ception  of  theiv  iViijiul-, 
and  iamilies. 

Among  the  Welsh,  who  thus  acted  as  ])ion(  li>,,  uts 
the  well  known  Rowland  Ellis,  who  sent  over  'J'hnmn'; 
Owen  and  family  to  commence  a  settlement.  ]\  :>  sooner 
had  Owen  made  improvement,  in  whicii  he  s])i'ni  u  I'cvn- 
years,  when  J']llis  and  one  hundred  other  Welsli  pn.bSL',; 
gers  left  ^Vales,  and  ejidjarked  Ibr  America  in  li.io. 

In  l(i!)^i  many  oiher  Welsh  fannlies  arrived,  >ini,ir, 
whom  wia-e  AViUiam  Jones,  Thomas  Evans,  n./i'r:;, 
Evans,  Owen  Evans,  Cadwallader  Evans,  Hugh  i  Iririit'i. 
Edward  FouIIcl',  John  Humphrey,  Robert  Jonc^,  ai..> 
others,  wlio  ])urchased  ten  tlujusand  acres  of  l;ii(d  ir.tui  '- 
[tobert  Turner,  in  Ouinedd  townshi[»,  Chester  civ.)i  ly 

There  were  oidy  few  Welsh  settled  at  an  early  pc-ii  i 
in  these  counties;  however,  within  the  last  ten  or  hfoeri 
years,  many  of  Ihem  are  to  be  found  in  the  coal  i-^gion?, 
where  they  number  several  tliousand.  'J'hey  l:nve,  ai 
])resent,  among  dieu- ministers  of  the  gosi)el,  whi>  preach 
to  them  in  the  Welsh  tongue.  The  AN'elsh  i.s  ])roi! / 
generally  spoken  by  the  adults  and  the  young. 

Here  a  specini<in  of  the  Lord's  prayer  is  givoi  lu  d  <  !■ 
language,  as  we  find  it  in  a  London  edition  of  lii'j  AVel;!i    j 
IJible,  J)illiled   1718  ;  ■ 

Ein  T.'Ti  yr  Lv/n  yn  y  nefoedd,  Sancteitldiei'  ay  En  .'. 
Deled  dy  cfynKiS.   (J  wiicler  dy  cwyhys,  megis  yn  y  iu-.i,    i 
Jcl/i/ ill   V  d  l:a:!L  hefyd.     Dyro  i  ni  heddyw     iiil.'.i'-,    I 


ni.'iTOl'.Y  or  M>U'I  HAMPTON  COUNTV.  la 

l;oiinyJdiol.  A  maudf !ii  i  ni  oin  dyledion,  fel  y  maddeuwi/ 
.  jiinau  I'll  dyledwyr.  Ac  iiacarwaiu  ni  i  Lrofedigaeth, 
.   citlir  gvvared  ni  rliagdiwg.  Caiiys  eiddot  ti  y\v  'r  deyrnas. 

a'r  nearlh.,  a'r  HG:ronui];t.  yii  oes  ocsoedd.     Amen.' 


ClIAPTEll  IV.  j 

THE  IRISH.  j 

The  I:'sh  ejaigrcnits,  says  Watson,  did  not   Lcuiu  t-j 
come  to  '^•:hii  :ylvania  till  about  the  year  171!'.     '!'li'    a 
which  (iid  (joi'it;  wore  yenerally  Iroui  the  north  ol  ifjl;Li..l  i 
Such  a':  r(M(M,"  !;ul  Jirst,  generally  .settled  at,  ami  ::'y.n-  tliJ 
di.sputed  Atarylaud  liiie.     James  J^ogan,  AvriiiiiL'  oi"  U:;  .J 
to  the  Pro])rielaries,  in  1721,  say.s,  they  liave  c  ;nt  ;-;lIi;J 
taken  up  iIk^  hiiiitlujrn  lands,  (ujeaning  in   LamiaMCi-,  I'i-j 
wards  tiif  iMai;  land  line,)  and  as  they  rarely  arijT'i.i'ii  | 
ed  him  to  ju-oi-),si.!  to  I'ureha.se,  he  calls  tlann  L^iid  ;;iii.j 
indigent  itran;:  :r.s,baying  as  their  excuse,  when  cl;:d:;',.;   i 
ed  idr  titles,  that  we  had  solicited  for  colonists,  ai.d  (li  '•■A 
liad  come  accoidingly.    They  were,  however,  und.j  -.n.M.d 
to  be  a  tolerated  class,  exempt  from  rents Ijy  an  ludiMiU'.;! 
of  1720,  in  coh  iilciation  of  their  being  a  Ironii.i  jm  n;  '; 
Idrunng  a  kind  o(  cordon  ol'  deienct',  if  needlni.      Tin  \  j 
were  soon  calhd  bad   ntdghbors  by  tlie  Indians.  Ci  ndiii 
them  thsdainluily,  and  iinally  were  the  same  r,,i  ';  \v\i() 
committod  llie  outrages  callecl  Faxtang  IMassacir.     'fl;  ' 
general  ideas  ave  founil  in  the  Logan  1\ISS.  ( (ilk;.iio!i, 
Some  of  ihe  daui  are  as  tollows  : 

"In  17535,  Jarncs  Logan  states,  that  there  are  s:.  i;i,ii.' 
as  one  hundred  thousand  acres  of  land,  possessed  by  ]'  - 
.sons,  (including  Germans,)  who  resolutely  .set  do  v  n  ;  n  I 
improved  it  without  any  right  to  it,  and  he  is  miiei!  ai  , 
loss  to  determine  how  to  dispossess  tliem. 

'' Li  I7'-Ji^  he  expresses  himself  glad  to  fmd  dmi  ,i,.; 
l^arliiuneiii  i.s  ;d.ont  to  take  measures  to  ])reven.  d'(  t  »o 
free  emi,in'ati(-n  lo  this  eountry.  Tn  the  nieaiui.rn:  Ihc  ; 
Assembly  1;;  i!  Lu.i  e  iv'.h-aining  tax  of  twenty  -bill!;.':,:  I 
a  lujad  lor  every  S'rrv.tnl  arriving;  but  ev(  n  tbi-  ''v.'is- | 
evaded  in  die  ,::a:.e  (  f  die  arrival  of  a  ship  iVoi,  Dunliu.  | 
with  on;;  Ir.iiiin-ed  ,:'.(bolicsand  convicls,  by  lanJi  i;  d,e-ni  | 
i  l}in-lii:;^iou.     li  leoks,  savs  be,  as  ii' Ireland  ,■:  \:>    .  'id  | 


HISTOltY    01     NultrnAMPTON    COUNTY.  17 

»11  her  iiiliaLitaiii,:,  Jiiili  :i\  lor  Inst  wut'k,  not  loss  than  i^ix 
iliips  airivL'cl,  uiul  c\  j  /  (iLiy  two  or  three  arrive  alsc. 
The  coiiimoii  I'co  is,  ih.d,  if  they  continue  to  come,  thciy 
vill  nialce  ihetu'^::  he::  j  ro])! ieioi's  of  the  province.  It  is 
.tianae,  says  Ii>'.  th;a  Mii'y  thus  crowd  wliere  they  on- 
lOt  wanted.  Ihil  ]j::,-.ides  these,  convicts  are  irnporti-d 
hither.  d1ie  Iii;h.ujS  themseU'es  arc;  alanned  at  lln; 
bwarras  of  .stj-ai.;.''is,  ;,i.d  we  are  airaid  of  a  breach  be- 
tween Ihein — for  d.e  fi:di  are  very  rough  to  thern." 

'•In  17J0,lii;  uiiic;  ;,Md  roui[)IaLns  of  thi;  Scotcli  Irish.. 
ill  an  authadoHs  ami  d:  -rdi  riy  iuanncr,  posscssiiiL'-  thcjii 
wolves  of  die  wiioii.:  of  ('(.iir:,ii):ja  niaiioi-,  of  liflci.ii  diou 
tviiid  acres,  heiiiu;;  the  1).  si  bind  ni  lh(i  coiiiilry.  Indoiii 
this  by  hn'cc;,  they  alb.:.  .1  tbiit  it  w.is  aiiainst  the  biws 
ofCjodand  natiOi.',  thai  so  niiKdi  land  sboubl  be  idb;, 
U'liiie  so  many  Cln-isUai.s  waiil(.:(l  it  to  bihor  on,  and  to 
ruLse  their  bread,  (!:v:c.  'I'be  Paxtang  boys  were;  ;ji(  at 
sticklers  tor  religion  and  Muiptiire  quotations  against  "  die 
I  lieathen."  'I'hcy  wcji',  howan'er,  dispossessed  by  iluj 
Sherilf  and  \\\s  jjo.sse,  and  their  cabins,  to  the  numher  of 
ihirty,  Were  burnt.  This  necessary  vioh-nee  was,  per- 
iups,  remembercLl  widi  indignaUoii;  I'oronly  twenty-live 
years  afterwards,  the  I\cxtang  massacre  hegan  l)y  Idlling 
ihe  Christian  unotfending  Indians  found  in  Conestoga. 
The  Irish  were  generally  settled  at  Donegal." 

But  few  Scotcli  Irish  settled  whhiu  tlie  hunts  of  thes-e 
i'ounties  at  an  early  period,  except  some  twenty  or  more 
taiiiilies,  in  Nortliam])toii  comity,  Allen  township,  a  place 
I  known  as  Craig^s  Scttknivul. 

f      "  This  settlement  was  jikuL,  says  the  Rev.  Webster,  of 

{  Mauch   Chunck,  from    die  iiordi  of  Ireland,  about  tlie 

p  year  1728-30.      I'hat  was  the  period  at  which  the  tide 

[  of  Presbyterian  emigration  began  to  take  jilace.     '  \\  il- 

li;ua  Craig,  Esq.,  and  Tl  annas  Craig,  appear  to  have  been 

the  principal  settlers  ;    dicir  residence  was  not  far  from 

.  where  the  Presbylerlap  chureh  in  Allen  township  now 

stands.    Others — na-n  of  iirojierly,  inlluenceandreligiouj 

I'hai-acter— 7Wero    Jobn    Palsl^n,    Robert  Walker,  .John 

I  Walker,  John  1\1   ?J;dr,  iobu  Hays,  James  King,  Gabriel 

King.  1.:    only  sen.  enuaon'.  i(.r  his  piety;  Arthur  Latlt- 


18  IilS'IOlU'    or    NOKTIIAMP'J'OX    COUAl'V.  * 

jiiore,  Hugh  Wilson,  William   Youiip^,    GeorGe  ri;!,s,,i< 
Kobert  Gib:^on,  Amhew  Maun, .Tallies  Riddle,  Jwhn  Hoy,;' 
Widow    Mary  Duhlnii,  Nigel  Gray,  and  'JMunnas  Ar,; 
strong." 

There  are  .still  some  oi'the  descendants  of  tlie.sj  j  eo|4  - 
occupying  tlie  very  farms  first  settled  Ly  them.  Of  .!,'i 
years,  m.ti.y  Irish  have  emigrated  into  ScliuyJKiJl  aul, 
Carbon  roimlii'.s,  and  are  })rincipally  fuund  iii  Jn  i,;/ 
regions  'i'he  greaii'r  })roportioii  of  them  arc  Ca.iiiuli;; 
and  liavo  |)ric,vt3  officiating  in  the  Irish  langua-v,  vjii  ' 
is  spoken  })y  many  of  the  laboring  classes. 

To  give  the  leader  a  specimen  of  the  printed  l.jiuaa:;  / 
of  these  sons  of  Erin,  the  Lord's  prayer  lias  bcou  copioi 
from  Gr.  Daniels'  editi(in  of  an  Irish  Bible,  printed  iC.i,'. 

Air  naihir  alaigh  air  nin.  Nabz  fat  hanimti  Ti?ia! 
da  riatliiate.  Deantur  da  hoilainhiioil  Air  ninih  a;ns  .'; 
thalainbi.  Air  naran  laidthuil  tabhair  dliuin  ri  nioi.-i 
Agis  math  duin  dairt",  hiacha  ammnil  Agis  mail'in!  iii,. 
dar  feuthiuuiini.  Agis  ua  trilaic  astoch  sin  anau  -^n 
Ac  sar  sino  oh;.      Amen. 

English,  (Jcrman,  AVekh,  and  Irish,  were  the  cagii,;:? 
settlers  uf  this  region,  with  an  occasional  Frenehmair^!  ! 
Dutchman.  Of  the  two  latter,  some  families.  Van  Edii.., 
and  l)e})Lii,  and  others,  settled  at  the  Mhiisinf.\,  on  tii;^ 
borders  of  Monroe  and  Pike  counties.  Here  set  ilemc  nh 
it  is  ])robable,  had  been  made  prior  to  1  (>82.  l<\  n-  an  : . 
comrt  ol' the  Minisink  settlement,  the  reader  i  ivfra.; 
to  the  history  oi'  Monroe  comity.  ^ 

I 


CllAPTEE  Y. 

EKECTIUIV  OJ    .\uKTl[AMPTOi\   COIfNTY. 

William  I^e  ;x,  tli(  idUiiilcr  of  j'emisylvaiiia-,  slioilly 
after  liis  arrival  in  l[ir^2.  causfi,!  several  counties,  in  il.( 
provinci;  t)t  Feiui.sy Iwaiia,  to  he  eslablishetl,  namely. 
Pliila(leii)liia,  D.law.ir.  ,  Clicsler  and  Jiiicks.  Wlu-., 
thiij  cuiuily  was  eicclcd.  and  lor  t'iulity  years  afterwaiJs, 
it  comprised  all,  and  even  morii  tiian  is  Avitiiin  die  \m;- 
.sent  bounds  ol"  Northanvpton,  L(dii£.di,Mo]iroe,  ]*ike  an  i 
(Carbon  counties.  It  was  sullirient,  as  to  extent  ol"  lerri- 
(  lory,  to  l\niu  a  ''■I/c/v/'/ic  licjxtblic.'''' 

After  repeated  elluits  to  eicel   a  now  county  out  of 
'  (he  north  })art  of  liurk-j,  the  mhabitants  of  tliat  part  oi 
;  the  county  succeeded.     i\(»u(3  was  more  active  in  etf<'Ct 
iiig  this  than  Mr.  William  Craiii.     It  is  set  forth  in  tlu 
I  rticorcls  oi    the   (\uiul\    Commissiouers,  in    17oj,  -'llua 
^Villiam  CraiLT  sent  a  It  ;i(,'r  to  the  (Commissioners, sett iniz; 
I'orth  that  he  had  hi'en  at  i-.oiisiilerable  expense  in  pro- 
curing Nortliam|iton  county  to  he  divided  trom  Bucks 
\  county;  and  re(;[uested  that  they  Avould  he  pleased  to 
j    reimburse  him  the  said  cx])enses:  whereupon  tliey  took 
I    the  same  into  consideiation,  and  agreed  to  allow  hirn 
I    jL'30,  and  ordered  the  Clerk  to  draw  an  order  on  the 
Treasurer  for  that  sum.     \\\  order  was  drawn." 

Uy  virtue  of  the  lollowiiig  act  of  Assembly,  passeu 
March    11th,   175'.i,  th-   coiuily  of    Nortliampton  w^as 
erected  : 
/       "  JVhereas,  a  great  nnmber  of  the  iidiabitants  of  the 
I    upper  parts   of  the   eounty  of  Bucks,  by  their  petition, 
>    have  hereby  represertred  to  the  Governor  anil  the  Assem- 
bly of  tins  province.  d!.G  .ir;al  luird.ships  they  lay  nnder. 
I    by  being  so  remote  frum  tlii3  i)resent  seat  of  judicature, 
\    and  the  public  oHicii-] ;  fliat    the  necessary  means  to  1") 
used  for  obtainii.^g  justice  is  attended  with  so  mucii  diiTi- 
cult>.  ..u.l  cx])cnse,  that  many  forego  their  right,  rather 


20 


iiv   or  NoarriAMi'TON   coi.n;- 


ihaii  ;i  tii'iiij'i  ihe  l\'^■^l\'v\^y  of  it  uiuItT  sudi  (■iiTWui.-Jci.i  es; 
while,  othrj';,  .sfiisihlc  of  tlu'se  (liliiciillii-.s,  cwMiai   'jreat 
villair.irs  wiili  iiiiiMiiiiiy.      For  irmt'tlyiiii,'  \\ii;'iv(,:    -.-hci 
lor  til..  I'diu' ot'  lilt'    iiilialdlatils,    /,V   //  viuivicU  Nv   the 
lion.  Ji!ii:r::  1 1(unill(j/u  Liciil.  ( nivenior,  uiiiicr  tin'  ili  r. 
T/io.hHis     rrjtii    ami    liic/iiircl    I'fnn,   tria'      iiJ   s:''''':H't 
propri'Mai:^-  nf  iht:  i)i()\  inc.'  di'  |*ciiii.syl\  an',  i .  Mid  .n'  the 
COtll.li.'N   111'   New    (';i^tl(',    Kelil    ami  Siis.scx.  iij,.ii!   I'l   la^ 
wart/..  i'V  -  a  I  \'-illi  ill'.'  advice  and  colis.iii    (.[    !!..■;  ;,     ve- 
.'■,cntaii\'.j:;i  o;  llic  irci.'uicii  ol'lhc  said  |a.)\im  .■,  iii  jjcic,  v^l 
a,s.s.;nilily  iml,  and  li\-  the  aiiduM-|iy  <'l'  di.-  s   m:c,  dia  ^\\ 
and    jmun!.;!'    die    lands,   l_\  nii^-    w  idnn   the   ,.,';'...,.   op 
Pennsylvania  al'iMv^uiid,  Ij(.' CI. 'cicd  jnti.    ii   .uiiiay:     i-! 
the  saiiic-    i'    liei.'l,\'  laccl.'d    nit.)   a  (•(aiiit\\  i;,:n.ei.     )\i 
heremaller  1.,    l.c    .•;dled,   Nnrlln.nnjn'im  :' h,    hv   di'i.ie.- 
Ironi  tile  (•.e.nity  ol'  liuvh-.s,  liy  llie  ii|)|Ka- ..r  m.,  di-wa    '   xy, 
lino  i)[   l}((ri"iin  Inirt,  hi  (he  n|)|t(a'  coiiicr  Ihe,-,  ji  ;  i,    -hce 
l)y  a.  slraiiili.  Iini'  in  l>e  inii  siuidi-wesl  u'ardK  ,  '..idp'tie 
(hvidini^-  tin     low  nshi|»  ot'    1'j)/)l'I    and   Ijhcc-   d///,'-     r  ^ 
thence  aUui.;  the  said  line  to  die   line   dividin;'    I'l.h  k'L- 
p/tict  iind  r>n(lc\  c.inntics;  an.l   dience   hy  a  I,  .■.■  i     \\i 
extremities  oi  til.'  Slid   |M.)V  ilice. 

The  same  act  pr.ividcl  diat  d1iean;i.s  Cdai-.  iiicd,  \':\^- 
son,  J.)hn  Jones, 'Idminas   .A  rinstroirj",  and.hnn.-    .d  v 
tin,  or  any  lliree  ol'ihein,  ufic  to  purchasi-  ai.l  i.d;     .\- 
.surance  to  diem  aiul  theif  heirs  ol  a  {m^CL'  of  1  ;.  .(.  ■  n     j- 
in  some  convenient  }ilaci',at  lviston,(jii  Lchi  '  '.'. ,  i..  "» 
Forks  ot'thc  jiver  l){dauaie,  in  tiust,  an.l  lor  dia  .a 
the  inh;d)itaiils  ol'the  s;iid  county,  and  thereon   lo 
and  hliild  a     :ourl  h.mse  and  |)rison.  siniiident  lo  a:; 
iiiodate  the  |i\d)lie  sei'vic-(/  of  the  said  county,  \\\(\  U-:  ;! 
catje  and  convemen.y  (d  the  inhahitants.      F<..-  diai 
])OSC,   a  sum   ol'   money,    not   exccediiiir   tine:    j.;u!.dr.  I 
])Otmd.s.  was  lo  he  jaised  ]iy  tax. 

A  !'.  w  ye:, IS  an.'i-  die  coiinly  had  heen  ei'ecn  d.  a. 
lioilse  ;iii..l    jail  veie  Itnilt  — the   latler    in   17.'  ;,  and    '.:, 
jdnnor  in  17.3  1.       'The  courts  were  held  at  d.o  I-  ai 
Mr.  ,1a.-. a,  1)11  ■hmaii,  as  a|)[jcars  Iroin   the  r.aiowdiu 

••  i '"ill u.ii y  1  a.  1  71.'* — (he  commissionei  >  li  d  -a,  j 
draav,  !■  ill  lavoi  .)]   Iiicoli  IJachinaii  Idr  X'i,  lur  ea.e  ;;- 


ni.-5T(V,;Y    (•■ 


N   )li  I'll  AMP  ro\    COUN'l'V, 


If  t 


I'tMil  of  liis  lioii-'    ill  L.istuii,  I'oi-  lioliliiig-  the  courts  an,i 

clciUidllS." 

I       Tlic  first  coiiil  M';i^  tiekl  the  1  (Jtli  of  .Illlie,  1755.   Son;  . 

I  oxtnuis  of  the  |)i'  •..•er(liiu;.->  .ire  ui\fii; 

!       -At  II  eouri  ui  our  l.onl  ilie  Kin--,  held  ;it  Eastori  fo. 

i  iJlo  eon  lily  ^^(  y<-^n  (h  .iii|>loii,  ihe  1  olh  day  of  .Iiine,  in  Ih.. 

I  'Mh   year  of   c-.r    S.i\-crfi_;u   Lonl,  fJeorue   II,    hy  Ih., 

'  (imeti'of  fu)(l,  Ivwia  Mi  Crcal  Britain,  France,  Irclaiiif 
&(•.,  A.  I).  IT.V,  I,  i;,!'.  'fill. lice.  Craiii',  Timothy  ITorM  - 
field,  lii.oh  A\'i!-i'e,  J.Mi.'s  Martin,  ami  ^Vlliialn  Trai-, 
Jiislic  ,^  (;['  our  ]  ,'Mih',;i'  luiiiu,  ll'f  1 11 'ace  in  th(.'  said  ciMU.- 
iy  lo  k/jep,  as   alsii  (livi  i:.-.   Irlonies,  Irespassrs   ainl    e)Ui(.  ' 

.  ftlfeiiees,  in  said  coiiiiiy  i'(/niniiUed,  t(j    hear   and  dett.-i- 

■  mine,  assiiiaied  ijy  eiMraiii.^sioii,  datt'd  the  *jlh  day  oi' J  nii" 
175','. 

'•JuiK^  It;,  175',\  Tae.  is  Ciordon  having  \»rosented  him- 
«L'If  (o  iht;  eiMirl  Ihal  he  \\'as  adinilted  an  atlornt'y  lo 
piaedce  law  in  Phjlaii.'l|>hia  and  Buelcs,  was,  iijion  hi-. 
jirayer,  adinilted  an  aiMiiiry  lo  practice  in  the  eoiirls  oi 
Norihani|)lon. 

'•  A  (h'aiedil,  and  r.'Kon  ol'  ITeidflhrr- to\vnshi|),  undn 
llio  haiul  of  J)aMd  Srhull./,  was  allowed  and  orderc-d  l'« 
be  minuted. 

'•Tlie  pelition  oi  [i  in mhcr  of  the  inhaliitants  settled 
oil  the  hack-  parts  o(  Mifco/tj/t',  praying  that  they  mii:lil 
1)13  formed  into  a  lownblnp,  was  adlowed,  and  Mr.  Scull 
fciirveyor  of  liie  cmnily,  to  run  out  the  same. 

"  The  several  ])i'Ulion  .  of  Adam  Tei'ts,  ('hristiau  Hay 
iuaker,  VViiliam  t'raig,  William  Anderson,  l^aul  Miller, 
l*;iul  l'\dlyard,  (Jkriliol)  ]%lias  Painter,  George  Zewitz, 
Henry  llillmaii,  Oeorue  ('Icam,  David  Cleery,  David 
Owen,  Ciiristo[)lier  ^Vali)er,.J{dm  Lighton,  George  Good, 
and  John  Leiever,  I'oi  iecommeiidalioiis  to  Ins  Ifoiioi, 
the  Governor,  for  lici'i"-,;  to  la'.j)  jaihlic  houses,  ^\'err  al- 
lowed •,  and  ihos..  :>[  Vad.aiiKd  \ornon,  and  John  Alkin 
bon,  were  rejected. 

"Upon  (he  pniiKa,  of  di\  rrs  inhahitants  of  Lowei 
Siuithlield  lowed  i,.,  ,his,j,li  Sti.lywas  appointed  ecei 
itahle  nf  the  s.aei  i'.\'  nsln[*  -the  former  constable  beiii!.: 
dead. 


22  Hi-   '('RV    OF    NOKTIIAMPTON    COUNTY  y 

I 

"Till  i.^lJr.v.inp;  constables  made  default  in  ihju  -i 
pearauce,  viz  ;  the  constables  of  Upper  Slaiifon,  xMrH| 
onjie,  Heidelberg,  Durham,  Bethlehem,  Uppoi  ^ii;",5, 
field,  adjacent  to  Heidelberg,  Upper  INlilford,  Allenui 
gell,  Lynlbrd  ai  Piketon,  Forks  of  J)ela\vare  ;  adjacciJ 
of  Allcuiov/it  ;  adjacent  to  U\)per  Smiitdield.  !-'"'••  ^ 
SmithliuUi.     :'w;/e — the  constable  of  Durham  i . !  i  1''.;'  « 


county." 

"At  ,1  CovUt  of  Record  of  om-  Lord  the  Kin  j,  i;.  1m  ^ 
Easton,  foi-  \\\r  county  of  Northampton,  the  .M  A.'y  .| 
October,  in  il'.o  Litiih  year  of  our  Sovereign  Lii.'l  t.b\  .  | 
II,  by  tiic  Grace  of  (Jod,  King  of  Great  liritai'u  r.ai::5 
Ireland,  Lc,  A.  D.  175.2,  fjefore  Thomas  Cr;.'.-;  D;  1  :| 
Hroadhr;ad,  Hugh  Wilson,  James  Martin,  Aai  )i:  iLi  f 
and  Joliii  V(M.;tta,  llsips.,  of  our  Loul  the  iCi.'u.  ,iii 
peace  hi  said  connly  to  keep,  &.c.,  by  commis^/'M,  tiai  Jt 
June  9,  1752. 

"The  Court  Ijeing  opened,   the    Sherift',  on-:    b;  •:  | 
Hart,  Esq.,  relurned  the  ]irece])t  to  him  directed,  aud  :I5 
following  pervious  were  qualified  to  serve  on  lb..    Cin^ 
Inquest : 

"  Samuel  De})ui,  Foreman,  James  Rawlstoii,  \\  ilii  > 
Casselberry,  Ivohert  Gregg,  Robert  Lile,  LawiciC:  I'd.' 
kell,  A  lexand(M- Miller,  Michael  Moore,  Gan\(l  liilr 
Charles  Broadhcad,  Janu's  Horner,  John  Atkin'MU.  Jt-i 
McFarring,  David  Owen,  Nathaniel  Vernon.  | 

'"•Note — Isaac  VaiK-ampen,  Benjamin  ShoennkLr,  JoiiJ 
Walker,  John  Cowken,  summoned  to  serve  on  ibe  Gim'^^ 
IiKjuest,  made  default  in  their  appearance.  | 

"The  following  iiersons  were  made  Su])ervis..;-s, vi/.S 

"  Isaac  Telb  and  Christian  Crall,  for  U])pt;r  MilfoiViS 
James  (;ooker  and  Philip  Schlauge,  for  Lowi  t  ;iancnn^ 
Conrad  Hess  and  Philip  Podewalder,  \'oi  \V  inr.'nlou.   % 

"  The  tbllo wing,  ccjiistables,  viz:  h 

"Thomas  Clarke,  f  »r  the  Foiivs  of  Dela waiv  ;  (  Iiiijiu'*| 
Newcomer,  for  Upper  Saucon  ;  Jose[)h  Olbcii.  lur  Ma^ 
cuiijie  ;  IvjichaeJ  lloifman,lbr  Egy})ta  ;  Connni  Hli'.-.^^;,  i^-^^ 
Heidelberg;  Adam  Schuler,  tor  Upper  Milfoi.l;  i^aviM 
BcUmair  for  Alleiuengell;  Samuel  lk)Ui;li(r,  jb-  [.uwiW^ 
Saucun  :    Mk-huel    Shoemaker,  for   Williainti.  n -.  J;i;iic|f 

'n 


HISTUKy'    01'    NOUTIIA.MPTON    COUNTY.  23 

Perry,  for  Betlili;hem;  James  Craig,  for  Allentown ; 
I  Pliilii)  Trom,  ndjaceut  to  Allentown;  Adam  Plank,  lor 
Sali^])tiry;  Johamies  Vcnotta,  for  Upper  Smithtield.. 
Joseph  Seely  was  apjaiintcd  in  Jime  term,  constable  for 
flower  Smillificiil. 

"The  Sheriir-tatod  dial  Ivol)crt  Gregg,  Peter  Traxle/. 

and  ]}enjamin  Sliceiiud^er  were  chosen  commissioner:'; 

(hat  Fredi-rick  Sciiil,  George  Custard,  John  Holder,  JanitJ 

'    Rawlston,  Jnh)t  Walker  and  Joseph  Everharl  were  elect- 

i   ed  ass«.'ss(jrs, 

1       "The  |>etitir,u  of' divers  persons,  inhabitants  of  a  tra-i 
■    of  land  eight  miies  loig  by  three  miles  broad,  bovimh  1 
I   oil  one  side  by  the  AVest  Ih'anch  of  Delaware,   and  on 
^    the  other  side  by  the  ■;  speclive  townships  of  Upper  San- 
I   con,  Upper   Milfurd,   IMacnnjie  and  Whitehall,  })raying 
(hat  the  same  may  be  Ldd  (jiil  in  a  township  to  be  called 
Sulishurg,  was  allowed." 
I       At  the  time  NortliaiK])ton  w^is  erected,  it  embraced  all 
:    (hat  is  now  coiuj)riseii  with  the  counties  of  Monroe,  Piki, 
Wayne,  Susquehanna,  Wyoming,  Luzerne,  Carbon,  f  .e- 
;    liigh,  and  a  jiortion  ul' St.-luiylkiil ;  Init  it  was  gradualf/ 
rcdured,  as  will  a]>pear  in  the  sequel,  by  erecting  oilu^i 
fcounties  out  of  i(.  The  following  townships  were  organ- 
ized in  Northampton  county,  prior  to  1763,  viz  : 

Whitehall,  Lynn,  Tfeidelberg,  Weissenberg,  Lowci 
Saucon,  jVIount  iiethel.  Forks,  Williamstown,  Salisbmy, 
Upper  Milford,  Low  Kill,  JNIacunjie,  Allen,  Plaihfiek'k 
Kaston,  J^ehigh,  Up[)er  Saucon,  Lower  Smithfield,  Up 
per  Smithiielil,  Towaniinsing,  Moore,  Uethlehem,  Chesi- 
nuthill,  Ifamilton,  Northampton,  Delaware,  Penn. 

The  following  mills  liad  been  built  before  the  county- 
was  erecteil — SchuUz'  mill,  Uropi's,  Samuel  Depui's, 
Wilson's,  Tnicfrer's,  INLiyer's,  Friedenthal's,  Geori^o 
SeAvitz',  Fredurii;],;  I:     r\s,  John  Jones'. 


CllArTEPv  YT. 

PKEBEN'l'   IJ.MITS,  &c.  OF  THE  COU.\Ti  . 

'Viw.  liniils  of  Nailham])l()n  coiuity  won-  ^iiul.t  ll 
I'cdui-',!  Iiy-  an  ad  iJa;ised  Maivli  :2l,  177 J,  A(  r/  '.  . 
/jrr/(/j/tl  C(H!iiiy  Avas  la-ectcd  out  ol'  i)arts  oT  i;:c  rori,!!- 
of  l.;,)ir-slia-„  Cuiiiliia-laiid,  lUnlloni,  Hri-ks,  ;mi>1  Aw.-'^ 
iiinplt};:  ;  e.r.il  l>y  rrci-tiiit,^  H'dijin'  (•(niiily,  a(  (-.,h.i.:  { 
act  of  Assriiihly,  Marcli  "^  21.sr,'  17MvS,  Nurllui.uj  Ion  1,^ 
more  than  li.ilf  of  ils  Iccriliny  "  loji/ivd  oJJV  Vi.'  :.  ,  o 
1798r(.(|uii-.  '!  thai,  -all  lhat});ii1  of  Noiliiaiu]:! m  c  ■;,:•.) 
lying  l(j  iIr' !)  )rlli\v:ir(l  of  a  line;  1(»  In!  (IraM'ii.  ami  !/•  'i 
ning  at  the  v/ust  (-mkI  of  (.leorgc  .Mi(;!iarl's.  j:: /iii  <  ■■  il- 
river  Delawii'e,  in  Middh;  Snnllilicid  lown.->lii|!,  aiil  i  ^  v, 
thence  a  sli;i!.dit  hiif  to  the  nionlh  of  i''roiiU-r'i  1,  .m  '.1 
Lehigh,  atli(n!iini!  Jaizern  connly.'" 

In  eieclin',;  >SV//^?///A\7/  conntv,  accord iu'.'^  i  ;  ;,  .  :' 
])as.scil  Ahuvl,  1st,  IMI,  Willian'i  Piainaiid  Ji'iii  {•,  :4 
.ships,  ot'  Norihanipton  county,  Ma  ic  ^cjiaratca  ii'jni  \'.i\\ 
county,  and  iccludod  witliin  ihe  hoinids  o|'  Si/iMiyllcill    ] 

Like  the  i'acin  of  a  Uoman  patriot,  L\(n-lhan.;4(.!:.  ii  :| 
to  surrender  tciaitory  ior  an  euUro'  county- -/.;'.•,,■._ ':j 
which  Acas  s,|);ii'atcd  iVoui  I's'oi  lhani])ton  hy  iiU  a(  ! 
Asseinhly  ])aNS(.'d  AhLudi  Lilh,  Ksl',*.  In  lS:J(i,  .a-t. j'.'d!.>.| 
to  an  act  pai:-i\l  in  Ai>ril  ot'  that  yeaj-,  aiiodn  r  poil!^.;^ 
was  taken  iVo.a  it  t  >  form  iHonroc.  county.  /\r'd  ■a''^^ 
anotlier  considi:!ra1)l(3  portion  was  scjjarated  in  I  s  J  S — ■•nlh 
that  i)orlion  of  Ntnihanipton  which  lies  north  ;-l'lii(.'  I'.'cj 
niotiutain,"  was  taken  to  forni  pait  of  Curhoii  vi\\\\[\r     | 

Its  ])C(^senl  uirea  is  idiont  7///re  hundred  and  ycrc:tl'\ 
square  /yi/Zt;-— conlaining  rising  of  2J0,0()()  acre  ■•  oi"l;i.  •! 
Tiie  count/,  as  at  present  reduced,  is  hounds  d  on  iki 
iiorlli  hy  Carhon  and  Monroe ;  east  hy  liie  nver  lal 
ware,  separating  iUVom  New  Jersey ;  south  l-y  ij.."i 
aniLwest  hy  Lehigh  county.  Its  ]io|)ulalr..(  ':\ee,:ds 
35,000,     Tiiecouiiiy  is  divided  into  Ihe  followaue  inw 


HisTonv  or  noh  ihampton  county.  25 

ships:  Allen,  Eoililclirvii,  liu^likill,  Forks,  Hanover,  Lc- 

liii:h,  Lower  Moim;   15-ilu'i,   Lower  i\azarelli,  JMooru, 

PhinfieM,  Saiicoi!;  \]\)[ai-  Mount  Ik'tliel,  Upper  Naza- 

ixlh,  WiliianLs,two  honrjoli.^,  l-lasti)!!  and  Sontii  I^asLon. 

Tlieeoun1y,as  no\v^  inrnted,  i.-.  entir(dy  within  ilie  raimi^ 

sfiulh  of  111'-  !5liic  i>,:,i|p|.  in,  .snuic  times  eallrd  Killtil'tii' 

nij — orii^inally  eaiird  \.\  llit;  {\vA\[\\\<.  K(iu-!(i-tin-chuiiS\ 

i.e.  t!i(!  Ahiin,  or  jjrini'ipicl  Mok  /ilain,  wliieli  i'oi'njs  ai 

present  die   norlh;;rii  Lo'.mdaiy  oT  the  county.     IL    is  a 

\  very  n  -iilar  I'id-c.  ncririy  unilonn  in  Iiei;iht  ;  averaiduL' 

I  al)onl  tWfivT'  hnndivd  i.  "t.      TImi-c  ar<;  srveial  aaps  or 

passes  Ihroiiyli  Ine  iil.ie   nioiiiilain,  within    the'   county. 

\  These  are  the  JJelauu/rc  uu//i  /■  ^■/.'jj,\v]n:vc  {\:i-  Delaware 

■  river  passes  throiiLdi  it;  the  fl'ijid  i,'Y/y>,  lil'tecn  mih's  ah>i\a 

iJie  Di.'lawaie;  tlie    I.'ulle  i^i'ji,    and   the  ./..'///-A  iratvi 

.  i^ap.     'V\\v  niouniain  i-,  -en^rally  sleep,  rocky,  nnlii  U.\ 

'cailtivalioii,  and  not   w-li    tind)>rcd.       A  ilescri['tion  ui 

these  scvei'al  ,i,'V/y/,y,  is   aiaanjilcd  hidovv. 

T\\v.  connty  is  niisui'pas<cd  hy  any   in   I'^ast   I^cntisyl 
vaiiia  jdr  I'crtihty  oT  son  ,  iniprovcnu'iits  <>!'  various  kniii,,. 
The  -rueral  appcaiani   '  id'  liu^  coiaiti')-  c\'ei-y  v.  here,  ii. 
ilieali  s  pro^pern\   andii.nly.        \\hire\er   dielr.iwhi 
turns  his  eye,  he  si-es  sni  :  tantial.  neal  store-hoU:-.es — huLv 
barns — Ihie     (dinrches  -  -heanthnl      orchards,     hurdepa  d 
down  wall  fruit,     (ieianan  iudusti-y  every  when'  richly 
a'owned.      The  iew   liidi  th.:scendants  reuianiiiiL^  diiiei 
here  from  that  class    (-i    people  elsewhert.'   in  the  Siul> 
Tiieso  are  nearly  all  sm  i-es:Mui  I'a.rmers.     Mills  of  ever_\ 
descrijition  are  alnuukn.t  and  eonveni(Mit.'* 

To  return  to  the  Ga|  ,  in  the    Littatmny  mountain: 
The   ././///(•  Cop,  or   -  D.'i  Kh'inc   Kufl ,''   or  Smith': 
Tia).,  is  ])et\veen  the  L  iii-h  ^Va,ter  Gap  and  the  Win.i 
Cap. 

Die  JViiid  KuJ'Lo\-  i\\i'.  tnml  (lu/),  is  a  deiM-ession 
notch,  or  opening  m  da'  liiue  iJioumaiii,  wdiich  is  veiy 
abrupt,  and  OYleiais  Ir.au  the  toj)  ne;irly  to  the  hotton. 
of  the  mountain.      l\o  sire:  m   i)asses  throujdn      \ai'K)C. 

•  l'\)r  ;i  deschplici  ji  ilu;  s  .11,  o:i' ,    soc    llic   dc.-,rriiitiou  ol"  iJic    tM".    •  .1 


26  ItlSi'OuV    OF    NORTHAMPTON    COUNTY.  | 

have   bcMi   ilie    conjectures   toncliiiig  the  caus.:  ot'  ihj 
nolcli.     '^J'he  roiijcctme  most  ])revaleiit  as  to    I'l-  (n-igr"! 
of  tlie  Kiijh'i.^  tlmt  it.  was  caused  Ijy  the  Delaw.'H'  iiv':!:| 
where,  as  is  Niijjposed,  it  formed  a  hdce  behind  iht;  mouii-^ 
tain,  ai:d  may  have  opened  a  passage  at  the  notch  :;f^ 
gap.  Tlioso  mriiUaining  this  view,  theorize  thus  :  "'r!i!;|l 
at  some  lime,  amcu'ior  to  the  Delaware  river  ha\  i.ig  hiira^| 
its  way,  where  it  now  runs,  there  may  have  been  sc>\v  *'^ 
slight  dcprcssioii  al  the  Wind  Oaj),  and  subsp(ii:<;ntiy  ::'^ 
tlie  DeL'.w  Lfo  [.assing  its  barrier,  vast  masses  uT  ice  nr.; 
have  choaiad  !:[)  ihu  passage    below,   wiiere    l!:o    riv. 
again  lui-ni:>:l  a  Ink  ■,  many  feet  higher  than  ii.  w.  s  in  day/. ; 
of  yore,  and    l.his   water  may  have  been  diseli;ir,M.'d,  fi- 
the    ice    yiehU:  I,    and  siilfered  the  river  oiicl'  ii.nre,  ;j.,J:; 
ever  since,  to  pass,"     Tins  is,  however,  meie  ilicory.     \} 

The  Wind  da}*  is  filu^en  miles  above    the    JJelawai, 
Water  Gap. 

I'lie  mountra.i  is  here  de})ressed  nearly  as  low  as  d,;'- 
country  v\\.  each  side,  for  a  ga})  of  iteculiar  convenir'no:-  _ 
for  the  passage   of  travidlers  and   teams,  and   triwarf.l?'' ' 
which  tiie  leading  roads  cunverge  and  ])ass  thriiiLih  in" 
one  great    thuruighlure.       'fhe    turnpike    road    pa.b.,:$« 
through  he]-e. 

In  the  year  177  1,  Simon  Heller,  Casper   Dull    Joi:.., 
Hartzall,  Adam   lliihha',   Abraham    Labor,   an  I  .Vdam 
Joke,  weie  a[<p(amed  to  lay  out  a  })ublic  road,  or  fCihg'? 
liighway,  from  tlu:  noilh  side  of  the  Jlhie  mouiiiaii;,  be- 
ginning at  the  Wdnd  (iap,  in  the  most  direct  and  ..onv;>, 
uient  course  to  ^Vyoming,  so  that  the  conmmnicavion  bti  i 
tween  said  place.;  may  be  rendered  safe  and  easy,    (h  n, , 
Sullivan,  \\n\\\  an  army,  marched  from  Easton  to   '\VVo-  ' 
ming  on  this  roa.l  dming  the  ilevolution,  in  Jun«;  1779, 

The  Delaware  \N'aier  Cap  is  tliirty  miles  above  l'K:st(»i), 
and  is  wordi  a  vjytige  a(a-oss  the  Atlantic  to  see  ir.    Va- 
rious arc  the  theon;tii;al  conjectures  as  to  the  cause,  (ifthis 
re)it  in  the  rocL'r, — Llis^^arangement  of  the  ruptii.  n/!iun- ■ 
tain  mass.     It  is  ;i  sU4)undous  work,  and  the  "  n.'U  ^'  is  v 
chas/naticl'^shii  urj. 

Ttic  eMJmated  lieight  of  the  mountains,  on  eilb'-i  ..ade. 
i;  irom  1500  to  KJOOteel;  tlie  widUi  of  the  space  between 


;  HISTORY    Oi-'    i\  ..ilT'ilAMl'TON    COUNTY.  2/ 

the  two  mountains  ai  tli^.  base,  one  tliovisand  loct ;  and 
at  liie  summit,  two  tiion.sand  Icet ;  llic  wiioU;  distance 
ihrough  the  mountain  is  about  two  nnlcb.  In  mailing 
ail  estimate  of  tlie  cmt-unt  of  /natter  tbrownuiit  by  tbu 
passing  of  tbo  Di'la.wai;,  if  only  one  mile  in  length  is 
iak'cn  into  tlie  account,  would  tliun  give  Ibe  enormous 
amount  of  cubic  icot  to  bo  12,(J7^,00(J,000,  a  sulHciency 
of  matter  to  cover  a  townsliip  uf  five  miles  s(|Luue,  or 
twenty-five  sciuare  njil's,  til'tfun  feet  in  depth  ! 

Well  might  it  be  sai'l.  "Ifere  has  been  a  convulsion 
ihat  mubt  have  shfikcn  i/c-  cmth  to  the  very  center,  and 
the  elements  to  gh-c  aiiru^  llmt  alt  ivas  lost.''  "■]hu 
//t' who  governs  tlie  world  and  has  all  things  at  His 
command — He  wl.o  boLls  the  glob(j  by  the  might  of  bis 
jiower,  can  removi;  (be  laountainslrom  their  loiindations 
and  bury  tliem  in  the  d<  ;:[),  and  ilu;  great  machinery  of 
the  universe  continue  to  move,  and  lose  non(M)f  its  func- 
tions." 

Various  arc  the  conjectures  as  to  the  formative  cause 
of  thi;se  Gaps  in  the  nioimtain.  "  It  would  seem,"  say.s 
n certain  writer,  iu  speaking  of  diis  (lap,  "fiuin  the  cpian- 
tity  of  alluvial  lands  al).\e  die  luuunlain,  tbal,  at  smiie 
remote  jieriod,  a  dam  oi  great  height  liere  obstrncted  tlio 
jirogress  of  the  J)elawaii,'.  If  it  had  been  as  liigli,or  half 
as  high  as  tlie  mountain,  it  wonld  have  raised  the  water 
that  it  might  have  run  into  the  Nortli  River.  It  jirobalily 
had  an  elevation  of  150  or  200  feet,  forming  a  lake  ol 
more  than  iii"ty  miles  in  length,  covering  the  Meenesink 
settlements.  This  heiuiit  must  have  formed  cataracts 
similar,  the  (pianiity  of  water  excepted,  to  that  ol'  Ni- 
agara. 

'•'  It  has  been  conjectured,  that  this  d;im  was  engulled 
by  some  great  convulsion  of  the  earth  :  and  tlie  JbllowitiL; 
reasons  have  been  assi.nied  iVtr  this  o))iin()n  :  'bbe  dis- 
tiuice  through  the  mountaiii  is  abont  two  miles,  wiibio 
which  the  river  has  an  average  width  ol'half  a  mile,  and 
the  water  is  as  still  as  a  mili-i)ond,  so  that  a  ratt  will  bi 
driven  by  the  iiVipr.is;^  of  lib-  wind  up  or  dmrn  ;  and  tli. 
boatmen  rep(;rt  ib  it  a.  /tujidreit  and  ten  ye'ars  ai;o,  ii 
bottw.t'  could  be  foimd  Vv'iih  their  lun>.^est  line. 


y  ■ 

28  lirn-urv   or  xou'riiAMPTox  corx'jT. 

"  Ifarl  ilio  iiioi;iitain  IxH'ii   worn  1)y  alirasion,  Midi  ;; 
yiiir  v/oiilii  i!i»t  lia\'c  ('\isicd,  and  tin;  hottoijiol' ilic  nvcr   \ 
Aere  wouij  ha',  c  i:oiisi.sK'd  oT  the  tianu:  material  vvhi:-!! 
ibrnis  the  .sulo  (>[  the  pass ;  but  the  bottom  is  o['  aibivi;,! 
umd,and  I'r.c  imr-j.jds  di  ihe  mountain  is  ofa  hard  islamic,   ' 
pccidiar  t'l  die  jdaee.      ll  is  also  well  kn<nv^ii  thai  aKuri^il 
particles,  wiiidi  /ioat  in  llie  sudl't  cairrent  siil.-sidc-:  i:i  iW 
l>no]:.;  ai  ,1   'd   |,,!s  been  Jinii-d  liy  an  aci'urate  ob  ,"rva  ■     '    . 
(i].;il  the  rivi;;  i-  :  Iways  mtich  nioi'd  muddy,  *.r  ;•;///.,  ;n 
the  ])hras.-  i.,  ^/A, ,■/-(■  llian  />c/(>iaVAc  (r,[\).     IIiMU'i'  >  ia,-' 
j)rn[>uni.jiL  (.;  th-'  albivJDii  carried  down  the  strcaiu  i.i;;./. 
havL-  been  d^  p.--  anl  m  Ihis  irult'.     Supi)osin^u-  di.-  'i.nr  (u    , 
iiave  suiil:  owo.  lle.usecnd  y(,>ars  ago, and  two  jrct  oi'  e:i'll: 
])er  aummi  to  have-  b^•^;n  duis  dfj^osittid,  ;jOOO  ft-,  i  n;ir-:; 
thus  hava.:  been  b.apad  updii  ibu  ori;;inal  dam,  snii,:ns,;-.|    \ 
lo  liav(;  be.jii  oiir  hundr;,'d  and  lll'ly  or  two  Inmd!.  d  ie<  i    ■  '■ 

hi-h."  ; 

All  ai-e  agreinl  thai  it  was  owing  to  som(>gi'i'ai  ,  ,  ns;-,  ^^ 

a    mighty    dislmbanec  of  t'lcmenls,    whieh  '  wroe  il:!   ;  ;, ' 

diange  in  die  euiicnt,  as  wfll  aslhe  strata  ofror!..      ]■'    >-  f' 

lessor  Jloia  is  mania  ins,  while  some  hold  sonu'  \  a-i  !aU.:  \' 
had  bursi  its  bameis,  thai  by   some,  miehly  (■(>nv'!i  ioii. 

whifdi  produvcd  iians\'cis.:dislocaii(in  in  dn-  Appa!   .  !nai.  / 

e-Jjanue,  may  have  eaused  ibis  J'oiit,  or  chasm.  ,. 

Spealdng  ol'  this   gi'eat  eonvailsion,  he    says:    '-Th')  ■-. 

numerou.s  aaps  aM«l  breals  in  the  line  ol'tlie  J^liu,'  uu,l\t\-  * 
iain,or  ICiiiaiinn;/,  exhilais,  very  generally,  a  corri  ■:p',)od 

in^-  law.  '  '^  i. 

"Hiis   is  shown   hy  die  irieasurements  at  the   \.  id^..  ^v 

Gap  ol'tih;  Sus.jii.'hanna  above  llarj-isbirrg,  and  r-.  ma!:i  % 

test  to  the  eye  in  die  bold  jiu/c/i  called  the    JJ^ui^r    Gir,.  \ 

ijf  the  iJclituHirc   when;  ihe'Slrata  rhatrise  inl<j  d,e.,-mi-  } 

mit  of  the  momnain  on  the  New  Jerse'y  side  of  the  fiver,  J 

are  thrown  ^ev'    ej  himthed  leet  to  the  north  of  loo^-.;  in  * 

H  corres|i  ,)alin  ;  nosiiion.      in  Pennsylvania,  leeiie^d'..  *^ 

daise  trar...a  r-e  i'«--a;a.ns  to  pervade  all  the  grea     fi;]ges  | 

and  valley  = '.  I'enr  .\  p;uilaehian  region,  and  to  be  a  prin^ia  -  t 

ryc<uise  ofmo^i,  il'nat  all  those  tleep  notches,  w! nidi  ar^  '^ 

Iniowii  hy  ill.!  uam;  of  ITdter  Gaps,  and  win.  h  el;  ave  i 


>; 0  l\ TH  \M PTON    CO UKT  V. 


SO  iiiaiiyoi'uiii  liighijiotiuiahiritlgcsto  ihuir  very  bases."* 
Both  theories,  ixiid  the  ilieory  o'L  a  gradual  abr(ii,icra, 
may  be  sa))portcd  by  S(/iue  plausible  I'acts.  However, 
may  it  not  be  that  •'  tliuse  stufjeiidous  steeps  were  Greeted 
lur  the  sole  purj)Osc  ol"  nmii's  observation  ;  tiiat  lie  nhghi 
he  impressed  wilTi  a  ]ii!ipor  train  ot' retieetioirs  iipuij  the 
power  and  dignity  oi  Lis  Maker — of  the  inleriorily  ol' 
man,  and  tlie  instrd/ilhy  •>{■  human  things?  Jkit,  what 
.aused  the  openi:;/  li'  \\\c  niiiniitaans,  whether  by  oui) 
mighty  exiilosioU;  ci  i.y  laadually  wearing  down  to  the 
present  l.ied  ut  the  Jive'-.i  •  a  suiij' ct  t<ju  e„paeii.u.-5  lor  tli*j 
liuiiled  genius  ot"n:a;i  u.  dv.aU  iip(jn."'t 

.May  nul  Jub  be  riiihi:  -jb-  puUeth  IbrUi  his  liand 
ii|iuii  the  luck,  he  iA(  ilu:  letb  ibe'  naiuntailis  tiy  the  roots. 
lie  cuUffh  uut  j'tt'cj's  tn)u/ni^  l/tr.  /■(jch'.s,  and  his  eye 
seeth  every  precioUb  thiijg.      .lol)  '^b  ;  !»,  10. 

On  tiie  sonili  side  oftlie  coiuily  arc  «•  Ihc  Lchii(h  hills,'" 
loCiilly  Ivuown  as  the  Scuth  MoujiUtiit  ;  though  seareeb/ 
deserving  that  name.  •■  In  sorui'  jilaces,  however,  they 
are  (juile  steep,  and  when  viewed  iVuin  the  level  euuntry 
liektw  ilieni,  ajiiieiU'  Very  lurmidahle.  'I'his  oinuily  is 
well  waU'i'ed,  ;ind  the  ii-eaius  ailortl  abundani  water 
power.  'I'he  ri\  ers  ol"  the  eoimty  are  the  Lehigh  and 
Delaware,  with  numerous  tributaries, 

DELAWAUE  UIVEK. 

The  Delaware  river,  v/hich  lorms  the  eastern  bounda- 
ly  ol' this  county,  is  so  called  I'rom  some  French,  who,  it 
is  said,  eomnieneetl  seitl.inenlsnear  theliead  olthc  Bav- 
It  was  called  by  them  "La  reviere<:A;  la  ware''  or  "J)e-- 
la-ware,"  which  words  at  length  formed  Delaware.  'J1iis 
river  was  known  among  the. Indians  by  various  names, 
as  Pontuxas,  JSfarisquetati.  MaliCrisIcillon,  Alakerisk- 
kiskoji,  Lcnawihitluck.  (Stream  of  the  Leiiape.)  By  the 

*  Slc!j71(1  Annual  F'^...,-!  j;.  ilic  i  •ui.)(.gical  Exjiloration  of  the  Suae  ^ 
l'oiin.~\  Katiia,  ])a.  79. 

j  Editor  oliNfw  V  jAi  «u.'i. 


30  lH-3.,:»ur    OF    NOU'rilAMPTON    COUNTY  j 

Diitcli  it  Wcis  <;;iI1,h1  Zi/ijdf,  or  south  liver,  A'ayyiu  i:\  :.j 
and  Vy  ihc  Sv.-ccii  s,  Nf'iv  Swedeland  Stream.  ' 

The  Di'Iiuv.-R'  iisL's  l;y  two  principal  stretmi ;  m  ,;  ^ 
State.ofNew  Yoil;.  It  is  rather  crooked  in  ii^  oonrs-.j 
until  it  Masses  ilu-  lla/t.  Its  principal  tribntari(  s  ii,:] 
the  wci,  in  i^ioinoe  county,  are  iMarshalPscrci'l:,  Clu.  j 
ly  creel;,  Si'i.hlitid  creek;  Broad  1  lead's,  Pec, no  ,::  ,1 
JVPMiclia;'i'.:,  I  ranoli.'.sof  Smithfield  creek.  Fir-m  N,,  ] 
ampton  coiLiii"  an;  the  Cobnss,  Oquirton,  Marlii.'b  ci-d  \ 
and  liiiylil.iii  :'aiid  at  lOaston  it  receives  the  Lchiah  ^'■r,,.] 
its  imiHoroi;-  i.iluiUuie.s,  aiid  llows  onward.  '  I 

I 

*  A  full  df,.scri,.iion  ot  ihe  river  is  deemed  uiinccebriury.  'J  i.,  t  [..■,  I 
of  this  workiircclude.-j  kiiyihy  deacriptiuus.  j 


Cd  APT  Ell  VII. 

EAST(J\',  LAivLY  JIlsTOJiY  OF,  &c. 

EA.sTt)X,  the  seal  of  ji^ticc,  it  siipoars,  was  laid  outliy 
Hugh  W'il.soii,  ol'  .Vllo.i  to^\'llshi]),  and  Col.  JMartiu,  o[ 
Mount  Uctlicl,  cciiiMiv'.i.iiicr.s,  and  William  Parsons,  sur- 
veyor, ahout  the  yiar  17;!7  i*r  ',JS.  'I'lic  Moraviansliad 
a  Brother  liouse  here  al  an  cajly  ]icriod — a  large  edifice 
of  stone — it  is  now  one  of  the  oldest  huildings  iu  the 
})lace,  forming  a  part  of  Mi.  ,lohn  Jiachman's  liotel.  Tla 
town  did  not  imiaov'e  lapidly  till  after  1752,  when  it 
became  the  seat  of  jnsti.o  ol'tlie  ncic  counh/. 

It  was  a  fovorite  })la>  ■  between  the  years  1755  and 
17G2,  for  holding  treaties  \\n\.\\  the  Indians.  These  trea- 
ties wtn'e  usually  attendud  with  nn.ieh  pomp  and  cere- 
mony. The  limits  of  diis  work  i)reehi(U;  uiving  all  the 
treaties  al  length.  On.',  ^vdlll■h  it  is  belicv'od  a\i11  be 
read  with  interest,  is  inserted  at  length. 

Council  held  at  Easton,  Saturday  the  24tli  July,  175fj. 

Frcse/U — The  lion.  K.  H.  iMorris,  Lieut.  Gov.  of  Pa.; 
William  Logan,  Iknj.  Chew,  Richard  Peters,  John  Mil- 
llin,  Escjrs. 

Three  members  of  the  council  were  sent  with  a  string 
of  wampum  to  the  Delaware  King,  to  ac(|uaint  him  thai 
the  governor  was  come,  and,  by  them,  bid  him  and  jjis 
company  welcome  among  tjic  inhabitants,  and  assure 
liim  tliat,  as  the  Indians  were  come  on  the  invitation 
of  the  governor,  their  persons  should  not  be  hm-t ;  he 
would  alford  them  ])i\)lection,  and  charge  his  people  to 
treat  them  with  kindness.  'I'bat  to-morrow  being  Sun- 
day, no  business  could  ho  dune,  but  on  Monday  mornhig 
the  governor  woiikl  hold  a  .'.(juncil,  sentl  for  them,  and 
begin  the  confereii'je.     Th'.    string  was  given  to  New- 


33 


iIT::JOi;\-    OF    NOKTHAMPTON    COUSTV 


c.^sth  lirsi,  :;s  i-iie  of  the  Six  Nations,  to  be  -nv.-r  i  ,   I   | 
Xing.  '-  '  t 

The  i.iembcs,  beiuL^  i-f'tnrncd  from  ^lVedyuso;ii;-  I 
lormed  ill- govern. ,r,  i|j;,t  when  th(jy  filteni'j-l(;a  t<^  'i-.,  { 
John  Pu'iiiishiie  :i.-,  niterpreter,  tlie  Kin;--  said  be  h-l  .  ' 
mtorpivu: r  oJ  b,s  oum,,  and  incscnUul'^a  yonm:  Iv:],  i 
ciUlecl  J).-niai,ni,  an  nn|)iid»ait,  ibiward  vonlii    ,\  ii,,  1,   i  ■ 


o-nhsled  in.  I 


•y  f<>ni|iaini'S,  and  al'lcrwanh  d^. 


c:d  and  v,,'nl  ercr  to  ib.;  (.iicniy  Indians  at  |);ab.; 
John  P.an'.din'i  said  b...  e.niid  n«t  be  .•nn.-,,ni.',i  m  int 
prrinjL'.  n' ji-nianiiu  was  allowed  to  :-j..';ik,  but  he  v-.a 
att.aid  e.  v,  i..„t  .bneid  he  s;,id  by  the  Km-,  iu,  '  ;.,'  • 
oi  iorgelliihK.'.s  or  niisai-|.rehensi,.n  iji  J^-oi  ,vi. 
would  endeavor  to  set  bnn  ri-ht ;  and  as  ii.aij;  r.  \ 
<I.AJst(;od  I'ar^di-h.  lie  nn-ht  b,;  ;dl(AV.d 


Th.;  ni.nji, 


di'T  a(;.[nainI(M|    tiaj   <n)v 


.the  Kin- thank  ■,!  bin.  lor  bis  kind  iness;o.,.  ;;,,  '  u,  . 
suraneesofpr(,hvt,„n  lo  bnn  and  Ins  eonn'any  ■  i|-,t 
gave  Inni  great  sali.daction,  and  he  would  let  'd.e  S' 
Nations  know  this,  and   every  thing  els,-  that  ^i..  ;  M '] 

(l.uie.     T[esai<l    tb.'  Indians 'know   n.-tbin'-  of  'aii..!  .  4 

bullhe-nvrrn(>,  did  wriltore.sl  hinisrlf  ;ijb'a- his  in  ,rn.>  ! 

and  when  lie  bail  ivsied,  the  Indians  w.)uld  r,-un-n  if';'  f 

an  answer  to  ins  message.     He  Avas  told  Uiat  the  (.hi'-'  ^ 

tiaiis  employed  Sunday  hi  the  serviee  of  Cod,  th^  oiii;  \ 

great  Creator  and  Covernor  oftJic  world  } 

(j^  On  the  twenty-filth,  Teedyuscnng' waited   on  di.'  I 

governor,  thanked  bnn  lor  liis  message,  and  gave  a  sirh,^^  f 

to  open  Jus  eye-  and  dear  bis  tliroat'l  "  ^ 

Easton,  Mond.y, -,]  July,  175G-prcsent,  th,;  sa.,..  I 
persons  as  belore.  -, 

Alter  reading  Hie  several  paj.ors  r.dative  to  the  lao,...,.  ♦ 
ed  treaty,  the  governor  il.sircd  the  eonneil  woinll  d' .iv  I 
upaspeadito  the  Lidians. 

And  tb.  ,  ,j:,,  l,:dians  were  sent  lor  into  coniM,  u  a 
iie  governor  made  them  the  usual  addressrs  of  ,■!■ -win.^ 
Iieir  throar^  ears  and  ryes,  and  healmg  the  h.ni  ,  f  tb:  ir 

The  King  gave  a  siring,  to  assure  the  gover..Ln'  m  .:     ' 


HlsrOilV     ,1     Nil!,  i  HAMPTON   COUNTV.  A.] 

Miicerity  slioiiUl  niirinl  iVv  iv  thing  lie  spokt!  t)ii  tlie  prc- 
.■yjiit  oci.Msiuii,  Mil  i  tilt;  Li'iiv'ri'nm'  made  llie  stuiio  profc'^- 
^ions.  ThiMi  liu;  cioVL'tiA-r  lokl  liim  Mr.  Wciscr,  \vhi, 
lA'a.s  one  of  Iho  Si\  N;iim>iis,  and  Provincial  intcrprctn., 
not  being  yet  com/,  In;  was  oliligcd  to  pnt  oil'  lIu;  coii- 
k-RMicc  till  liis  aii'i.;.!;  (I  wliicli  the  King  a[i|»r(nTd,  and 
ilic  Uovui-uor  in\,  i!   .i  ]  ::'i(o  dlna  with  hini. 

i:.;;l(.i;,.  \V<;diicsday,  2Sih  .Inly,  IT.Ci;. 

Same  |)rrsoiis  j.it  •■(•:il  is  hi'l'iMv, adding  Conrad  Wcisc 
and  PiHo.'dnic  \ii .  A';'',  i'v'r  I'oiniiiu;  to  JOaslon  \ a.sii  iij;i\ , 
lib  was  .Nt'iil  lor  i:iN:  i  ;;;iiil  and  (Mnfcticd  wilh.  'I'l.. 
mattert;  that  had  |yass(  li  since  lla;  (iovoiiior's  ;irriv'al  ai 
I'iU.slon  wci'c  i'clat  'd  in  1  im,  iho  go\';'i-iioi''s  sccomt  in(  - 
!sag-(!,  and  Sir  \\'illia)it  n/hn'^on'.s  lrU(;r  to  Ceii.  .\\«  i 
ci'Onil»i(!  wi:rn  rca.l. 

It  was  Mr.  W'tMscr's  opiiii./n,  lhat,as  no  answers  wrn 
I'clnrned  to  Ihe  go\'ei'no:"s  second  ni(_*ssage,  il  was  dn 
business  ol'  'I'eeilynsrini:'  to  give  the  answers  tirsi,  beloie 
llie  (h»vernor  i^aid  any  llnng;  and  accordingly  l^»ln■^tln(• 
was  sent  lor,  and  lids  wa-  int  iilii  nieil  to  him,  wdio  dioiiLdLi 
ihe  conleivncc  .slinnid  he  nn  hy  Tc'dynsenn-'s  dela  ciin., 
llio  answers  ol'  die  DiahoL'a  Indian^.  He  went  i.»  Tee 
<lyusenng  and  aciiaamd  d  liiiii  with  it,  and  returned  li« 
(lie  Governor  and  inloiioed  him,  thai  this  proposal  was 
agrceuhh;  to   the  King. 

At  a  eonlerenee  hold  at  I'^aston,  Wechiesday,  th(^  xlMi; 
July,  175(;. 

PrcscjU—'Vhv  Hon.  h'.  II.  Morris,  Es.p,  Lieiit.  Cov .; 
William  lA)gaii,  Pichard  I'eleis,  lienjamm  Chew,  and 
John  Mililiu,  l]sc[rs.,  of  die  coniKal. 

John  Fox,  John  llnghes,  and  William  Jldnmnds, 
Commissioners. 

Teedyus('ung,  tiu^  I)  ;lawai-(!  chieJ',  and  ronrttjcn  otiu  , 
tjiiels. 

Conrad  ^^'eise;,  'Xs^..    Inierpreti'r  liir  llie  Six  Nations 

John  lhim|)shiie,  Josi  oh  [-eepy,  Pen.,  lnter|)ieleis  to. 
die  l)(dawan\s, 

A  i.i,.  .'  coiijj  anv  .' :.i;;..,:,!,ung  ol'  ollicta's  ol'  llse  Jioy... 
(J 


n  I 


laV    OP   NORTHAMPTON   COL/N'J'V. 


Ainerioaii  Ro^unent,aii(l  of  the  Provincial  foicr.-,  kun.;  | 
trates  aid  fi';L-liold('rs  of  tins  and  the  nei^dibdiiiiu  j?iv.| 
vmce,  and  about  thirty  citizens  of  Pliiladelijliia.     ^  '     i 

The  governor  acquainted  the  Indians  thai  ht;  .\>  i 
going  t(.  spoalc,  and  desired  them  to  he  attentivL.  i 

Brorlia  — IJy  a  helt,  which  I  sent  by  jN'tv/ea:,,  | 
and  tlie  olh<.r  imhan  messengers  to  Diahoga,  I  i.dorri!  ill 
tfic  Indi  11  s  i|.  10,  that  [  hadldndled  a  cotmcU  five.  !!■  { 
aiiotht  ;  .:iri!i'/  I  invited  them  to  it;  and  by  a  ^:iriiij  ,.? 
vv^ampum.  i  u  ;ar.:<i  the  road  that  they  mighi  con.e  ?  | 
.>a](;ty  '  .  US.  i  a.-.ancd  yuu  of  a  hearty  welcome  as  ii  I 
as  I  came  h.  ;,.,  and  of  my  protection,  and  1  nrw,  m  ii.  J, 
name  of  this  government,  again  t^id  yon  welcomo.  v  | 
Capt.  Newcastle  brought  me^no  answers  U>  sui,.,:  p:i,'  ,| 
the  messages  i  sent  last  by  liim,  I  expect  to  nc-i.  :  if,-,  f 
by  you.  I  h,;|)e  you  come  prepared  to  sjjcak  to  n-,  ■„  ] 
cendy  and  openly,  and  desire  you  may  do  sd.    .  i  .?//•//,.   » 

To  which  Teedyuscimg  inmiediately  answ.-j.  d  .  L;i<' I 
spring,  you  sent  me  a  slrhig,  arid  as  soon  as  1  heard  a  i 
good  word  from  yon,  I  was  glad,  and  as  you  l( /Id  us,  v,.  j 
])i'lifve  U  cam  •  iVom  your  hearts,  so  we  full  i:  m  i'^ 
hearts,  and  re'-civtil  wluU  you  said  with  joy.  ) 

Hrolher— 'I'lie  first  messages  you  sent  mc  cam'  :•  j 
the;  spring;  ih.:y  lonclied  my^hearl;  theyL^avu  .ne  abii'^  | 
dance  of  joy.  I  returned  an  answer  to^  them,  ai:(l  w,.:,.  ,  I 
for  your  second  messages,  which  came  afjci 
•md  weri'  likev/fse  very  agreeable.  By  tlu;  Uim.  y 
•luainted  me  that  you  had  kindled  a  council  hi.-.  a:id  i, 
vited  me  and  my  ])eople  to  it.  Wc  accepted  d;e  iiwu; 
tion  and  I  came  accordingly,  and  have  staid  sevei  a  Idra-.  i 
smoking  my  [-ipe  with  patience,  expecting  u,  lur-e^  yo,i  | 
here.;  we  are  ready  to  hear  what  you  have  lu  say.  ai  i  \ 
not  only  we,  Ivut  five  other  Nations,  in  ail  t(;n  Naiio!,,  ^ 
are  now  lurning  their  eyes  this  way, and  wail  v.  liat  shtii  | 
be  suul  and  n one  at  Uiis  meeting. 

lirorii.!--!    r,v)l(  iiiiily  and  widi   the  utmos; 
decian  ,  (Im;,  iiiouLh  yon  may  think  I  am  alon: 
it  will  n.u  \u:  f.iu;  before  you  will  be  convin'-.-d 
here  by  ihe  app  ;ii:tinent   of  ten  nations,  a/i. 
Aie  icy  mirie^,  iIk     Six   Nations,  aiithorized  n 


no  n 


>; 

!ai!(V 

h 

at  sh' 

uCCii 

U 

'■]■(■.  V 
u  1  .' 

1822004 


Uf1/1KAM1''I'0N    COUNTS'. 


with  you,  aiul  wli;u  i  (huhey  will  all  confirm — tlie  liuih 
ol'this,  you  will  scrni  Iulv;;  luade  evident  to  you. 

Brother — Hearken  to  v:hia  1  ain  going  to  say  ;  1  (l<:- 
clare  in  the  most  s'.K^nui  manner,  that  what  I  now  relali 
is  the  truth.  Abundance  of  contusion,  disorder  and  dis- 
(raction,  has  arisen  among  the  Indians,  from  people  tak- 
ing upon  llieni  to  h',  kings  and  persons  in  authority,  li! 
every  tri]>e  of  Initi;:i.s,  ti'cre  luivx^  been  such  [)retender.v, 
who  have  held  tr.\;i;es,  sometimes  public  and  sometinu'- 
in  the  bushes  ;  souK^times  what  those  people  did,  came  ui 
be  known,  but  frequently  it  remaint^d  in  darkness,  oi  a; 
least  no  more  was  iinpariud  ca  published  thrmthey  wer( 
pleased  to  publish;  to  some  they  field  up  their  belts,  bm 
others  never  saw  them.  'J'his  bred  among  the  Indian.s 
great  heart-burnings  and  quarrels,  and  1  can  assure  yoi. 
that  the  present  clouds  d«  in  a  great  measure  owe  ttieir 
rise  to  this  wild  and  irregular  way  of  doing  business. 
The  Indians,  sensible  of  iliis  mistake  of  our  ancestors,  ai( 
now  determined  to  put  an  end  to  this  multitude  of  kings 
and  to  this  dark  way  ot"  proceedings  ;  they  have  agreed 
to  put  the  management  oi'  tluir  atlairs  into  the  hands  u' 
a  very  lew,  and  these  -hall  no  longer  have  it  in  tlu-ir 
power  to  huddle  up  and  give  partial  representations  i»' 
what  is  done.  I  assure  you  that  tiiere  are  only  twc 
kings  a})pointed  to  transact  public  business,  of  which  f 
am  one  ;  for  the  future,  matters  will  go  better  on  both 
.sides  ;  you,  as  well  as  we,  will  know  with  whom  we  havt 
to  deal.  We  must  beseech  the  most  High  to  scatter  the 
clouds  which  have  arisen  oetween  us,  that  we  settle  peaci: 
as  heretofore.     */!  string. 

Jkother — The  Englisli,  and  }tarticidarly  the  Gover- 
nor of  Pennsylvania,  you  know,  have  invited  me  liere  ; 
1  came,  therefore,  and  rny  uncles,  the  Six  Nations,  wili 
«;onfirm  what  1  say.  In  your  messages  to  the  Indian.s 
at  Diahoga,  you  signified  to  us  that  you  heard  we  wen- 
in  want  and  distress,  whi;.h,  to  be  .sure,  we  were;  an< 
pitied  us  and  our  po'iv  wive.,  and  cliildren ;  we  took  u 
Idndlyand  as  a  \'.'.'>u\  that  came  from  your  heart;  now  i.- 
the  time  for  you  to  louk  abom  and  act  the  part  of  a  chan 
table  ..•.,.'.  .vise  na.n ;  be  tho:eIbrc  strong.     Be  as;,sured  tliui 


,^:'ni 


"■:  4 


;]()  liJ-;'i-i;v    01'    KOKTil  A.Ml'roN    COL'NIV.  i 

uillioilji:  I  Mill  |i'i(ii',  I  wilicii)  my  share;  wliab  i  .  ..,.  .  | 
i)c>s  yon  lio  It'  111''  oi-  my  pooiilc,  .sIkiII  lie  |hi:.1i  i,'',!  | 
ilic  Tel,  >;alie!!Sj  We  ^Vcjllt  hide  any  |)l-e,senl.s  ..:<<  .'1:  ^| 
i^ivo  ns  :  1  \^-iy  fjinly  ^,h  ill  laiow  thai  we  ha\e  he:,i,i  y,  J 
LHiud  "wr,:,:!-;  ,  wc  wil!  iie[  do  as  otliers,  and  seea-  i./  i  .'  j 
nut'les,  iiii  ."mx  ^^'atl^.■us,  iiuve  done,  sneak  awa\  end  I  i  | 
y onr  w  <ii  is  ,\k  I  je e;-,..'ii(s  in  ih(^  l)U>hes  ;  hut  sh;  li  (inl  ir,  « 
lar  and  i.^  ai'  i'lat  ell  niay  j^in  with  ns.  l^xei'l  V'":.'  ■  :>  | 
no\r  in  dn'  ])■>[  inaniier  you  ean,  and  you  \\d|,t,;.  j 
V>ui-.n;;.  '  j 

ni'odser— I'ee  (' on*  Insion  of  niy  words  is  no  ive  ',  . 
'diis:  th'-  ju.ue  r  io  hand  is  ol'  l.io  ureal  nionne,  i^.  .  'i 
man.  I  atn  unt  a  ini'SNeniicr  iVoin  the  tnnle(i  ''.'aii  .  ■,  ,< 
though  I  ail  ,  .  a  (  liii  I'mali  ainnii-  till'  D.dau  ai-  ■,  [  ,.  'j 
now  heal-  v\i'U  ;on  liavo  to  '^ay  !o  ni\  ['■■^^  !•  ^i  '.1,-4 
conned  lie.',  ii'  n  l.(  Vih-d,  1  shall  lay  hold  of  u  .  mo..',  ■  1 
ii  to  til  •  nnn>  d  .NaiioMS.  \/\u)  will  smile  and  ii'-  nl  ,;'  .^ 
to  h(,ar  lin.id  ;i\\-~;;  if  what  yoii  say  Ihj  disa;j .  e".ii,'i:',  ij 
will  nulunth-emdin-  keep  ii  close  Mlien;  he  e|,,.>  ■'  j 
Ii.-,!)  and  dehv.  r  il  laiddnlly  to  the  mnled  .\aii..cis.  ,.• 
let  (hem,  as  il[e\'  er(  m\'  snjienois.  do  a>  dii.'\  •  '  Wr'.l 
ISene:  a-d.e  .  if  he  had  (K-lie  speakni-,  he  >;:ld  he  i,  s^ 
loi'  the  (vi'esei  i.  The  jiiain  ihinu.  he  added,  is  ,<  1  ie  rA 
hreast,  l.iyin-  his  hand  to  his  heart  ;  hilt  lliis  ^vdl  lii'j.  ,  J 
OH  wdiai  woi'ds  the  I  iovernor  will  sjjeak  to  ns.  Te;  ,i  h  ■  ■• 
jieated  iIk;  |).  law, ire  woidi  // 7;/.v//,v/^//,',S'//,  the  sa  e  ;e  i,i  M 
liawd-v.  hoeiiia  e  as  ,/{"_rii-,  with  LTeal  t'arne>lne^  ■,-  m'!  .,  , 
very  ]>ade'iie  ione.  Mr.  ^Veiser,  Avho  knew  ii.  ,  ^'.'eel  '.4 
have  .(  vei'y  e\ieii>i\e  and  idreihli.'  si-nse,  desee  ;  [}<.  e..jj 
terpreier  to  a  k  hiin  w  hat  he  iir-ant  iiy  ir/ti.si/\-:  "'.  ,  \ 
tliis  ]uu-iienlar  o(  e,i>ion,  and  ^^^.[)lamed  hiniseh' e;  ike  ,, ;  1 
lowin,i  manner;  ■•  Suppose  y()U  want  (n  mux  e  a  kii '_::  '  ^ 
ot'  woed  dial  leiimres  many  hands,  you  must  uke  jeaid 
to  get  .,v  ma.  V  lo::elhcr  aS  Avill  do  lli(.:  husine.-S:  u  're  J 
laU  sl!..-|  oi  e:,e.  ihoii^di  ever  SO  Weaj<  a  one,  vW  di.  :  '; 
iO'C  to  M,|   1  e'j'ose;  ihoiigll    tllis     heillg    iu    i's!  it'     ,nlhi.:..| 

yei  il'y  on  e.iimoi  move  iht3  log  without  il,  you  oi's'  -j:  ;  I 
jiopamsia  e-  r  It- -//■T/Av/i.vA/c-Z'A'?/, he  strong,  1";-,,;  ai  i  ,  a 
y;^ii.  ■nd.de'  ns  [u  j.y{  every  fndian  nation  ua  i\i\  e.  \\:\\ 
tlie  n...ne'  joie  oni  handf  ;   be  sure,   jiere'ii'i  e^-  ly  a;.  \ 


in->TOUV    VV    MU'jMlAM  I'TON   (JOUN'l'y.  IJ  / 

liii^o  you  have  iiUfic  \v  ii>;  iii  |)ai'tu;ular,  d.>  nut  piiicli 
lualtfi's  lieilliur  \\-'\\\y  ii.^  in,-  lahfr  liuliaii.-^;  \vl'  help  you  : 
hul  \vi'.  ai'c  j)Oor  an  I  yi.u  ai-.;  rich  ;  uuike  Ub  .-^troiiLr,  and 
\vc  \v\\\  i:->c  our  •.>li-et..gih  lor  you;  and  besid(;s  this,  wJiar 
you  ilo,  do  i{ui(;I;!}-;  il:^:  linii/s  ar('  (iaiai;t'ro\is — diey  will 
I'lul  a(hiiil  of  delay,  U'iiJishUriij  ;  do  it  ellcetual!y,  aial 
till  it  Willi  all  j>os;:iia-  d(  -i)a[rh. 

Tiiu  (.o\'ei'n.  J'   dill    ,-:j)()ia-  . 

I  Hrother— J  hav.-  iicidwilli  ailentuui  all  you  havr 
i;;uil,  1  thank  you  I'-',  tii  :    'ji'   iin.s.^  v,  it!)  uhirli  \'ou  ha\c 

I    liei.'iand  \<iur  .S'.jjJ;,i  ..-ni  -  ,  tii.,  juiUler,-,  ijicntioiied  are   o; 

j  iin])onanee  ;  J  have  laid  them  to  heart  ;  J  will  ronsidri 
dieiii  with  111)' <jouni.il :  ■  hen  J  am  prepaj'ed  to  .speak.  I 
will  let  )i)U  know  ;  J  wiil  iis<:  de.sjiateh,  the-  lime  heim^,  as 

i    you  justly  ohser^-e,  iJa!;L;i  r(HJs. 

EasloUjO.i  Thmsday,  'J!jdi  July,  175(>. 
(TlKi  .same  person,  )!ic.sci)t  a.s  day  hct(jr(;.j 

{jiolhi  1  —  I  am  lmhiij  to  speak  to  you  on  the  allair 
Wi!  lui:  met  alMUit  ;  my  >peiih  ^s■ill  I'onlain  malleis  el 
qreat  moment. 

I)y  this  slriuif  ot' wanijium,  tlicKd'ore,  1  open  )'oitr  ears 
that  y«'U  may  give  a  ])io|)er  attention.     ^I  ^trhii^. 

Hrothiu- — Tlic  inliahitants  ol"  this  proviuee  have  ever 
been  a  jicaeeahle  peopl  >,  cUid  remarkahle  lor  their  lo\c. 
and  conslaiil  I'rieudship  to  the  Six  Nations, and  other  In- 
dians in  alliance  with  them.  ^\  hen  our  Lack  inliahitaiits 
were  attacked  la.si  fall,  we  at  Jirst  were  at  a  loss  ironr 
whence  tlic  blow  eame,  and  W(  re  much  sur[)rised  when 
we  were  intdnned  that  it  v/as  given  by  oui'  (dd  friends 
and  neighliors,  the  cousins  of  our  brethren,  the  Six  Na- 
tions. AN^e  wondered  at  it,  and  tlie  more  so  as  wc  had 
not,  to  our  jvuowli'dgc,  given  them  any  just  cause  of 
olfence.  As  soon  is  v.^e  knew  this,  we  sent  to  the  Si.\ 
Nations,  and  infoimcd  ihem  of  it,  and  desired  to  know, 
whether  this  blo^\'  Irn]  ',;ec;i.  struck  by  their  direction,  oi 
with  llu.'ir  j>ri\'iiy  or  consent;  and  on  receiving  assii 
runi^es  from  them  IIku  it  u'as  not  done  by  their  consem 
and    !!    :  they  greatly  ilisa|tproved   such  conduct,  w.. 


38  IHSTORY  OF  NORTHAMPTON  COUNTY. 

made  reivdy  lo  revenge  the  injury  we  had  received,  in.i 
we  wanted  neidier  men, arms, annnunition or  sirongtii l' 
do  it,  and  to  vake  vengeance  for  the  h)jury  done  us  ;  vei 
when  we  had  the  hatchet  in  our  hands,  and  av ore' pis- 
pared,  iioi  only  to  defend  ourselves,  but  to   carry  ]\\ 
war  into  the  country  of  those  wlio  had  struck  ns,  v,  j 
sent  again  to  the  Six  Nations,  agreeably  to  the  Iroatvs 
subsistnig  between  us,  to  acquaint  them  of  our  im,  i,- 1 
lions.    Tlicy  lei  us  know  they  had  held  a  great  connt-il  at 
Fort  Johnson,  on  this  matter,  and  that  deputies  froin  ■ 
thence  were  s  nt  to  sunmion  a  meeting  of  ilic   D) '  •  i 
wares  and  Siiuwanese,  at  Ostanigo,  who  were  r-uinieu^ 
with  an  account  that  their  nephews  had,  at  tlnir  intrr." 
position,  laid  down  the  hatchet,  and  would  slrike  ih/ 
English  no  mnve.      The  Six  Nations  having  kccivo] 
these  assuranc(,-s  from  the  Delawares  and  Shawaiiese 
requested  us  not  to  execute  our  hostile  purposes  but  to 
suspend  hostil [lies,  declaring  that  they  would  fully  .t 
commodate  tliis  breach,  and  bring  about  a  ])eace.     Ai 
this  request  of  die  Six  Nations,  we  kept  our  Avarriois  at 
liome  for  guarding  and  protecting  our  frontiers.     ]  li -u 
sent  Captain  N.;wcastle  and  other  Indian  inesseii«'.-,s  (u 
you,  to  notify  ihe  advices  of  the  Six  Nations,  widu<'- 
spect  to  what  liad  been  determined  at  Ostanigo,  instrncr 
ing  him,  m   case   he  found   you  sincerely  disposed  tii 
peace,  and  inclined  to  return  to  your  alliance  with  i^- 
to  assure  you,  on  the  behalf  this  government,  that  ^vJ 
were  willing  t.,  it,  on  just  and  honorable  terms.     Nlav- 
castle  and  the   other   messengers  returned    widi   you; 
answers,  in    wliich   you   acknowledge   you  had    beer  | 
under  the  influence  of  an  evil  spirt,  but  were  w(  11  dls-  | 
posed  to  return  to  your  old  amity  and  friendship  ;  at  d.r  | 
same  time  letdug  us  know  that  you  was  sorry  for  what  I 
had  passed— t lint  you  was  in  distress,  and  desired  wo  | 
would  pity  y.uu'  distresses.     To  show  our  readiness  l.^ 
enter  into  a  ti-e:Uy,  and  our  sincerity  in  what  was  said 
by  Newcastle,  I  sent  him  back  agahi  to  you,  to  iet  ym- 
know  on  behalf  of  this  government,  that  I  hod  kiiull^^d 
a  council  tii-e,  hivited  all  of  your  ]jeople  to  it  '-iec-ed 
die  road,  washed  o(T  the  blood,  and  promised,  if  yuiu' 


HISTORY  OF  NORTHAMPTON  COUNTY.  S9 

^  people  would  come  to  council  and  renew  former  leagues, 
and  do    what  is  I'urtiier  necessary  on  this  occasion,  I 
^  would  bring  somctliing  with  me  to  relieve  your  dis- 
^  tresses.     1  tiiought  it  right  to  go  through  this  account 
in  this   particular  manner,  that  you  might  know  from 
;  myself  what  was  the  subject  of  the  messages  sent  by 
j.  Mewcastle,  and  what  was  the  substance  of  the  answers 
feceived   by  him ;  and  now  I  sui)])ose  (as  I  do  not  see 
I  t!ie  body  of  your  Indians  here)  your  people  in  general 
did  not  believe  Newcastle,  bat  seiit  you  to  know  if  he 
had  my  autliority  lor  the  several  matters  delivered  to  you, 
and  to  hear  them  fn^m  my  own  mouth.     1  do  not  bhune 
you  for  this  caution.     It  bespeaks  your  care.     The  mat- 
ters he  was  charged   \viih,  being  of  the  last  concern  for 
the  satisfaction  of  all   your  people,  whithersoever  dis- 
persed, 1  do  in  this  public  assembly,  in  tiie  name  of  tiie 
government  and  jieoplc  id'  this  ])rovince,  assure   you, 
j   that  Captain  Newcastle  acted  by  my  authority,  and  in 
I  /confirmation  of  what  I  have  said,  and  that  what  he  de- 
■  livered  was  by  authority  from  me,  I  give  you  this  belt. 
,<i  belt. 

Brother — Being  now  convinced  out  of  my  mouth 
of  the  sincerity  of  my  prtdessions  made  to  you  by  Cap- 
tain Newcastle,  and  of  the  dispositions  of  the  people  of 
this  province  to  renew  the  ancient  friendsliip  that  sub- 
sisted between  William  Penu  and  the  Indians,  I  desire 
you  will  report  this  to  the  Iridiaiis  at  Diahogaand  to  the 
Six  Nations,  and  all  the  Indians  far  and  near,  as  my 
words  spoken  to  them  m  the  name,  and  on  the  behalf 
of  the  government  of  Pennsylvania.  I  invite  them  all 
to  this  council  fire — the  greatest  number  tliat  shall 
come,  the  more  acceptable  it  will  be  to  me,  I  invite  and 
desire  you  will  bring  with  you  your  whole  ])eople ; 
but  then  you  must  brii;g  here  with  you  also  all  pris- 
oners you  have  taken  during  these  disturbances,  1 
must  insist  on  this  as  an  evidence  oi  your  sincerity,  to 
make  a  lasting  peace  ;  for  without  it,  though  ])eace  may 
be  made  from  tlie  teetli  outv/ards,  yet  while  you  retain 
our  flesh  and  blood  in  slavery,  it  cannot  be  expected  wu 
(tan  bt   Picnds  with  you.  or  tliat  a  peace  can  come  from 


40 


Y  OF  NORTHAMPTON  COUNTV, 


our  liepai.s.     I  i  cpciit  this  article  of  tlie  prisoners  a^  i 
oessary  .'.oii<liiiu!i  ut^  ].cace,  and  desire  you  will  considt;  j 
It  as  such  ;  n  !M  tins  you  deal  with  us  sincerely,  wo  sli-. 
esteem  you  sincere  in  every  respect,  and  proceed  to  it- ; 
new  our  lonncr   leagues  and   covenants,  and  hecom- 
agani  aiio  lle.-,li  as  before  ;  and  nuist  remind  yo'    ^us  vl 
arcactmgin  c.mccrt  with  the  Six  Nations,)  n/'biiii" 
some  01  your  uncles  along  vnlh.  vou,  that  they    imv  s,', 
all  that   p;is,-e.s.  and  be  witness  'of  the   g.)ud  cli-r'ts  ;>■ 
their  and  our  message  tu  you.     ./J  hdt. 

_  Brother— l>i   testimony  of  the  satisfaction  y-u  ]k:i.  I 
given  ail  our  people  by  connng  to  this  connciriirciiiui  I 
have  put  nUo  my  hands  a  small  present  far   ■^^^^v  ,'iucl  j 
your  men,  whirh  will  ])e  given   you  at  an^M^l■e  ■    i 
shall  thmk  i.ropej.     1  have  likewise  given  nrd-  ,  •  h,'ik 
cai)tams  ut  theiurts  cui  the  Ifuntiers,  to  luiiii.h  y.'U  v,  ill 
as  much  ])rovi.sion  as  you  can  carry,  lor  tlu;  us.   (,i'   d 
peoj)le  ycu  \va\v.  left  behind  you. 

JJrother— (>nly  a  few  of 'you  are  come  dov. :,  .  d  i- 
present  ul  goods,  llurefore,  is  but  small.  Wjir.n  'h- 
body  of  your  nation  comes  here,  which  I  expi  ,  x\v\ 
will,  and  the  |  risoncas  are  delivered  uj),  and  ;:  )i:  ' 
peace  made,  large  presents  will  l)e  given,  and  )  ,;p,  <k - 
tresses  relieved  in  a  more  am])le  manner. 

lirother— Great    woyks    require    strong    hami'.    uiu, 
many— Ibis   is   a  good   and    great  one— ili(3    v/irfs   of 
])eace— It  requires  strong  heads  and  stought  hea.i  ,-^\p 
desn-c  many  sudi  may  be  j(jined  together.     I  tlna-eioa    \ 
desire  your  assistance  for  Pennsylvania  in  this  .Mau-    \ 
Having  great  ii)lluence  with  many  who  hvc  far  di-i;u  >' 
Irom  us,  yop  are  esteemed,  and  will  be  heard  ;  we-  d'to>-    | 
tore  choose  yon  as  a^^tut  and  counsellor  for  this  pir.v     I 
mce._  .Engage  hi  it  heartilv— you  oui^dit  to  do  ir-yoi:    \ 
owe  It  to  die  comitry  m  which  you  was  born— you  'v,vc     i 
Jt  to  your  brethren,  the  English.    You  owe  it  to  y'oiir  owi'     ■' 
people  o\-,x  whidi    you  ])resiap.     We  desire    \-.)u  --il! 
heartily  vinderirdce  it,  and  use  your  utmost  ei':dL-av(,r. 
to  bring  about  ihis  great  and  good  work  we  lirvc  ^lov, 
begun.     /2  laricc  halt. 

TeedytiscuiJg   answered   that   he    had   received    mc 


IIISTOKV   Oi'   NJUTHA.AIPTON  COUNTY.  41 

Governor's  words  lantliy,  and  would  in  a  lew  words 
answer  him.  Then  talciiiEr  a  large  bc/t  in  his  hand,  he 
proceeded  : 

Brother — At  the  very  time  Newcastle  came  with  your 
last  messages,  I  was  in  ireaty  witli  tlie  Six  Nations,  and 
received  this  anthoi'iiy  fjom  them,  (lifting  up  the  helt.) 
This  belt  denotes  ih.it  tlie  Six  Nations,  by  their  chiets, 
have  lately  renewed  dioir  covenant  chains  with  us.    For- 
merly we  were  accountf.:d  women,  and  employed  only  nt 
women's  business  ;  but  now  they  have  made  men  of  us, 
and  as  such  we  ari'  now  eome  to  tliis treaty.    Having  tliis 
authority  as  a  man  io  nj;d:e  peace,  I  have  it  in  my  hands, 
:  but  have  not  opened  h,  but  will  soon  declare  it  to  tlu; 
other  nations.     This  beh  iiolds  together  nations — we  are 
in  the  middle, between  the  French  and  the  Engh^>h.   Looh 
at  it.  There  are  but  two  (  hiels  of  the  Ten  Naticjiis.  They 
i  are  now  looking  on, and  ilieir  attention  is  fixed  to  see — 
are  disposed  really  lor  peu^e.     'IMus  belt  further  denotes 
.  that  whoever  will  not  coKii)ly  with  the  terms  of  peace^ 
the  Ten  Nations  will  join  against  him,  and  strike  him. 
See  the  dangerous  cin-nnistances  I  am  in— strong  men  on 
■  l)oih  sidles — lialclicts  oil    lioth  sides;  Vi'hoevor   does  in- 
L  dine  to  ])eace,  \^'ill  1  j(j!ii. 

F  Brother — This  is  a  g.>od  day;  whoever  will  make 
t  peace,  let  them  lay  hold  of  this  belt,  and  the  nations 
[  round  shall  see  and  know  it.  I  desire  to  conduct  myself 
^  according  to  your  words,  which  I  will  perform  to  the- 
I  tihnost  t)f  my  i)ower.  I  wish  tlie  same  good  that  pos- 
l  sessed  the  good  old  m;.n,  William  Penn,  wlio  was  a 
I  friend  to  the  Indians,  may  nis}»ire  the  people  of  this 
ij  province  at  this  time.      'IV/cii  deUvtrcd  the  belt. 

The  governor  receive; i  it.     I   take  hold  of  this  bell, 
[   and  am  pleased  with  wlat  has  been  said.     It  is  all  very 

i  Teedyuscung  then  explained  tlie  belt,  saying  it  was 
fi  sent  by  the  Six  NDti-.iiS;  and  he  accepted  it;  you  s(j(', 
says  he,  a  square  iu  ibo  middle,  meaning  the  lands  of  tin. 
If  Indians,  and  at  one  end  the  figure  of  a  man,  indicating 
\  the  EuLdish,  and  at  the  oiiier  end  another,  meaning  tin: 
^    Fren- !,      Our  uiicies  laid  us  dial  both  these  coveled  ovu 


'43  HISTORY  OF  NOKTHAMPTON  COUNTY.  5. 

lands  ;  but  let  us  join  together  to  defend  our  lands  againsi  t     .) 
both;  you  should  be  partakers  with  us  of  our  lands       '     <i 

Teedyuscuiig  and  his  sou  came  and  dined  with  il'.        | 
Governor  ;  and  at"ter  dinner  some  more  of  the  Indians       f 
coming  in,  the  Governor  actiuainted  Teedynscung  that       j 
he  liad    something    of  importance  to  communicate  to 
him.     The  Governor  then  informed  him,  that  as  he  wa?  ■     | 
going  to  council  tliis  morning,  he  received  a  letter  lioin  ;     j 
the  northern  frontiers  with  very  bad  news,  that  gave  liini       ' 
a  great  deal  of  concern,     lly  this  letter  he  received  ad-  .     ■ 
vice,  that  some  iTidians  had  killed  four  of  our  white  peo- 
pie  at  the  Minnisinks.     This  occasioned  our  forces  w  bu  ^    i 
upon  their  guard,  aird  a  party  of  them  fell  in  with  three  [    > 
Indians,  and  judging  them  to  be  enemy  Indians,  one  of  |     ' 
them   was  killed   in  endeavoring  to  make  his  escape—  '^    .. 
and  then  the  Governor  went  into  particulars,  relating  to  '^ 
Van  Etten's  letter.  . 

Tlie  Governor  said  lie  did  not  know  what  Indians  liad  .; 
done  this  misehirf ;  it'  the  Indian  who  was  killed,  was  ,  i 
our  friend,  he  was  sorry  for  it;  but  if  our  enemy,  he  [  , 
Wiis  glad  u(  it.  I   I 

TeeilynsLungs  lid, that  when  lie  came  here  toceurici!,  'i 
all  the  Indians  thereabouts  knew  of  it,  and  therefore  he  |  i 
believed  it  must  he  the  French  Indians  that  killed  our  |  '< 
people  ;  but  that  if  his  people  were  so  foolish  as  to  conifi 
in  our  borders  ai  this  time,  and  were  killed  anyhovp,  i  .' 
they  must  take  the  reward  of  their  folly — none  ol  thosi!  : 
private  deaths  ought  to  effect  a  public  measure,"  nor  .  ; 
would  this  make  any  alterations  in  his  councils.  ■< 

Cr.     ,'  Easton,  Friday,  30th  July,  175(>.  [ 

(Same  persons  present  as  before.)  <  ! 

The  goods  weje  brought  and  placed  on  the  ccuncii  -^ 

table,  and  were  delivered  to  the  Indians — the  Governor  /' 
speaking  as  follows: 

Brother — I  acipiainted  you  yesterday,  that  the  pcoplu  | 

of  Pennsylvania  had  put  into  my  hands  a  small  [jresent  Jr  ■ 

to  relieve  you,  and  your  wives  and  children,  from  tlieir  | 

present  di;.trcsse5.     I  think  it  furthe/  necessary  io  inform  \, 

you  that  a  part  of  this  present  was  given  by  the  people  h 


HISTORY  OF  NOmilAMPTON    COUNTY.  4.J 

called  Quakers,  (wlio  aic  descendants  of  those  who  first 
came  over  to  this  country  with  your  old  friend  William 
Penn,)  as  a  particular  tesiiniony  of  their  regard  and  at- 
fection  for  the  Indians,  and  their  earnest  desire  to  pro- 
mote the  good  work  of  peace  in  which  we  are  engaged. 

Brother — This  is  not  only  their  sentiments,  hut  my 
own,  and  those  of  the  people  of  this  provhice,  who  will 
all  rejoice  to  see  this  good  work  of  peace  perfected  ;  and 
therefore,  as  you  liavc  now  received  from  us,  this  is  a 
Bubstantial  proof  of  o'li  dispositions  to  relieve  your  dis- 
tresses; you  will  be  hcii.;r  enabled  to  encourage  others 
to  return  to  their  friciid-lup  wiih  us.  I  say,'^brother,  by 
this  we  give  you  a  clear  testimony  of  our  readiness  and 
good  dispositions  lor  peate ;  show  you  the  same,  readiness 
and  comply  with  the  tcnns  I  have  proposed  to  yon.  ^'l 
string. 

Teedyuscung  returnci  thanks,  and  repeated  his  assu- 
rances of  doing  all  iii  ins  power  to  perfect  a  general 
peace  with  the  Indians.  From  the  council  the  Gover- 
nor proceeded  to  an  entertainment  that  was  provided 
for  the  Indians;  the  odicors  and  all  the  comi)any  then  in 
town,  accompanied  him. 

Teedyuscung,  whilst  at  dinner,  was  so  well  pleased 
with  his  reception  and  generous  entertainment,  tliat 
he  declared,  in  the  warmest  manner,  no  endeavors  of 
his  should  be  wanting  to  bring  over  to  peace  all  the  In- 
dians far  and  near,  that  he  could  speak  or  send  to,  and 
repeatedly  desired  the  Governor  would  publisii  what 
was  done,  through  his  and  neighboring  provinces,  and 
lie  would  do  the  same  at  home. 

The  Philadelj)hla  Quakers,  after  dinner,  came  to  take 
their  leave  of  him — he  jjarted  with  them  in  a  very  af- 
fectionate manner ;  hut  the  other  part  of  the  comi)any 
staying,  he  entered  into  a  free  conversation  with  tlwj 
Governor,  wherein  he  related  many  entertaining  particu- 
lars respecting  his  jcuruoy  to  Niagoras,  and  afterwards 
made  a  council  sp'^ech,  will;  a  struig  of  wami)um,  say- 
ing : 

Ih-other — You  are  so  good,  and  received  us  so  kindly, 
I  will  d^iO  give  you  of  some  of  that  good  tobacco  that 


'11  I1J-.T0UV     -)!■'    NOIITIIAMPTOX    CUUN'J'V. 

the  Six  N;iticiis  put  iiilo  my  pipe  ;  you  shall  siik  !•:.,  ■ 
it  yourfiC'l'/LS' — you  will  know  it  is  good,  and  I  will  i,nvi; 
of  the  same  tobacc<j  wherever  I  go,  (meaning  iho  nu'; 
sage  from  the  Six  Nations  to  them,  to  be  at  peace  A\iil 
the  EiiLli^h)— llie  same  thing  that  I  have  offered  ynw,  I 
will  offei-  to  ail  ihe  Indians,  and  tell  them  that  you  lia\i, 
smoked  of  this  lobaceu;  but  to  do  lliis,  recjuires  mo  loli. 
rich,  and  yet  1  ,,m  poor.  It  will  take  up  a  long  tiiui^  a- 
tliere  aje  ninny  nations  to  send  the  ]jipe  to.  ]hi:  iu  wv 
months  1  hope  lo  go  my  ronnds,  and  be  here  again  will- 
a  large  nuiuuer  ofdili'urent  nations,  I  say  it  may  be  in 
two  months:  1  Lit  it  niay^  be  longer,  as  the  people  li\'e  m 
great  distances  I'rom  one  another.  I  assui'e  you,  ]  n-iil 
execute  evci'y  iliing  yon  have  desir(!d  of  me^  .  nd  Icl 
the  Six  Nations  know  all  that  lias  jtassed  bi-'tweiju  ii- ; 
and  that  I  am  your  agent  and  counsellor  in  the  lJ:!au'aij 
Nation.     cJ  str'.m^. 

Jh-other^-1  will  not  have  you  mistake  me,  as  if  I 
meant  that  I  could  prevail  on  the  Ohio  Indians;  I  c:".;- 
not  tell  diat  they  will  leave  off  doing  mischief.  I  I'o, 
yon  will  strtMa^thcn  yourselves  against  them  -  i'i:;y, 
jnake  yonrs^'U'  s  as  sirong  as  ])0ssiltle  oi'i  thai  ^'le.  i 
must  warn  you  likewise  of  another  thing;  perhaps  m,i 
the  east  side  ol'  die  Sust]uehanna,  there  may  be  iiji^^chi.i 
done. by  Indians  in  my  absence;  but  be  assured  ii  will 
not  be  by  any  of  my  people;  it  will  be  by  the  I'riniili 
Indians  iVoju  the  Ohio,  who  can  easily  pass  o/.-r  tlio 
Susquehanna  and  do  wdiat  mischief  tliey  ])lease — again- 
these  you  be  sure  to  arm  yourselves  in  the  best  iriannj,' 
you  can.  llemembtn-  1  give  you  this  warnu'g.  .1 
alrinu:. 


At  a  counci 
July,  175;..      I'.  ^I. 

Present — Tii .'  Hon.  the  Governor,  William  i,ou..i 
lienjamio  Chow.  Ki 'hard  Peters,  John  Tvlililin  and  f'ci 
rad  Weis'.j.;,  iilfj^rs. 

Mr.  AVeisor  was  asked  whether  it  was  intendi«]  di; 
the  (Jovcrnor  should  keep  the  belt  'I'eedyuscmig  t'-a  ve,  < 
•;.'iurn    it,      JVIr.    'W'eiser   answered,  that  havij.g   >/im 


il  held  at  lOaston,  Friday,  tlie  30th  da\  u\    j 
I'.  M. 


HISTORY    OF    >xOirrnAMP'l'0\    COUNTY.  4  5 

(loul)(^l  about  il,  lie  put  ilu:  same  (juestion  to  Newcastle, 
who  said  the  belt  was  .sent  by  the  Six  Nations  to  tho 
Delawaics,  and  as  it  wn.-;  given  by  them  to  the  Gover- 
nor, it  ought  to  be  preserved  among  the  council  wam- 
pum, being  a  belt  of  great  consc(|Ucnce,  and  it  would 
1)6  well  to  return  another  a  (atliom  long,  and  at  the  de- 
livery ol'  it,  which  vuust  be  in  council  to-morrow,  to  make 
jiproper  address  to  Te-dyiiscinig,  that  he  would  bo  dilli- 
gcnt  and  carry  it  to  all  ihe  n;ilions  Avithin  liis  mtluencc. 
.Newcastle  said  fnillu'r,  that  'I'ecdyuscung  would  want 
abundance  of  AViinrjiUiii,  and  it  he  had  it  not,  the  cause 
would  suffer  excee!iingly — h^'.  hoped  tlie  council  bag  \vi\h 
full,  and  desired  it  migitt  be  t;mptied  hito  the  la[)  oi' 
Teedyuscung. 

Mr.  Weiser  concurrrug  iu  opinion,  and  saying  that 
the  French  gave  great  quantities  of  wampmu  to  their 
hidians,andon  matters  of  eonseqnenco  these  i)elts  were 
several  tathoms  long,  i;;id  very  wide.  'I'ho  Secretary 
was  ordered  to  bring  all  the  wampum  he  had  into  coun- 
cil, viz:  Fifteen  strings  and  seven  belts;  a  i>arcel  of  new 
black  wampum,  amouu'ing  to  seven  tlunisand  ;  and  hav- 
ing no  new  wdnte  w^anipum,  nor  any  ])roper  b(dt  to  give 
iu  return  for  Teedyuscung's  ])eace  belt. 

A  messenger  was  seiit  to  Hethlehem,  and  he  returned 
witii  five  thousand ;  ui)on  which  the  Inchan  w^)mcii 
were  employed  to  mal;e  a  belt  a  fathom  long  and  six- 
teen beads  wide;  in  the  centre  of  which  was  to  be  Iht 
tigure  of  a  ]uan,  meaning  the  Governor  of  Pennsylvania. 
and  on  eacli  other  side,  five  other  figiu'cs,  meaning  the 
Ten  Nations,  mentioneu  by  Teedyuscung. 

The  King  who  was  very  iri-egular  in  his  visits,  as  well 
iis  his  disctuirses,  bolted  all  of  a  sudden  into  the  room, 
and  with  a  high-toned  voice  spoke  as  follows,  viz  : 
',  ]5rother-— I  desire  all  thai  I  have  said,  and  you  liave 
said  to  one  another,  May  be  aright;  some  speak  in  the 
dark;  do  not  let  us  do  so  ;  let  ;\ll  be  clear  and  known. 
What  is  the  rea^.ji)  ihc  Govi.'iiior  holds  councils  S(J  clo^i 
ni  his  hands,  and  by  ciiidii'  light  ?  The  Five  Nations 
used  to  let  him  sii  oui  of  doors,  like  women;  if  the  Fi\  > 
Natji  wj  still  make  him  a  woman,  they  must.   Bui  whii-. 


4(i  illSTORV    OF    NORTHAMPTON    COUNTY.  |" 

is  the  reason  the  Governor  makes  him  a  woman,  (moan  Ij 
ing  why  ho  confers  with  Indians,  without  sending  fo;  f 
hhn  to  l)e  present,  and  hear  what  passes.)  The  Gover-  | 
nor  answered,  tliat  lie  held  councils  on  a  hill — ^lias  m>  f 
secrets — rjever  sits  in  swamps,  but  speaks  his  rniud  I 
openly  to  tlie  world — what  happens  here,  he  has  a  riglii  % 
to  hear — the  \uomen  were  sent  for  to  make  a  belt,  not  I 
to  council — the  Six  Nations  may  be  wrong,  they  are  not  | 
under  liis  direction,  and  thereibre,  he  is  not  answerublo  I 
tor  their  condncl,  if  diey  have  not  treated  the  Delpwars.^  I 
as  men.  I 

'I'he  Chief  tlianked  the  Governor — seemed  wel.  \ 
pleased,  and  said,  to-morrow  he  would  speak  more;  i 
what  lie  had  to  say  was  from  the  Six  Nations,  ife  thai  | 
wont  make  peace,  must  die.     ^rj  siring'.  v 

It  was  agreed  in  the  morning,  that  the  GmcriiOi  f 
sliould  deliver  the  new  belt,  then  in  making,  to  TcedV'  j 
uscung,  with  a  proper  speech;  that  by  two  belts  lied  to-  ; 
gether,  Newcastle  and  Teedyuscung  should  ba  iiuid.; 
joint  agents  for  this  government,  and  they  be  desired  '.;; 
consuU  togetheijlo  love  one  another,  and  act  for  the 
best — that  the  ujw  black  wampum  and  all  the  fjlts  di^^l 
strings  should  be  given  to  Teedyuscung,  and  a  privr.i- 
present  made  to  him  and  his  interpreter,  13en.  Si 

Easton,  Satuday,  31st  day  of  July,  ITjo,  | 

(Same  })ersoiis  present  as  before.)  'i 

The  names  of  the  Indians  present,  at  the  treaty.  w<tc  | 

taken  down   by  Mr.  Edwards,  and  orderded  t(/  bo  en-  | 

tered.  I 

Mr.  Weiser  having  enquired  of  Newcastle  what  mcs-  * 

sages  had  been  received  by  the  DelaAvares  at  Diauoga.  * 

Irom  the  Six  Nations,  received  the  following  iiifovni;.-  | 

lion,  which  he  (<.ok  down  in  words  that  are  the  literLii  1 

interpretation  of  wb:it  Newcastle  said,  viz  :  .| 

The  large  iielt  given  by  Teedyuscung,  was  sent  lo  il'ir  * 

I>elawarcbi  by  the  council  of  the  united  Six  Nations,  with  | 
a  message;  tv  ihe  Ibilowing  import : — Cousins,  tiio  Deia 
waie  Indians — yoii  will  remember  that    you   rac  cii, 
women,  ou?  foreluthcrs  made  you  so,  and  put  .i  petty 


HISTORY    or    NOl\ru^\MPTON    COUNTF.  47 

I  coat  on  you,  and  cliarged  you  to  be  true  to  us,  and  lie 
{  with  no  other  men  ;  but  of  late  you  have  sutfered  the 
'  string  that  tied  your  pctn^-coat,  to  be  cut  loose  by  the 
French,  and  you  lay  widi  them,  and  so  become  a  com- 
I  mon  bawd,  in  which  you  did  very  wrong,  and  deserved 
chastisement ;  but  notwithstanding  this,  we  will  still  es- 
teem you;  and  as  yoii  have  thrown  ofl'  the  cover  of  youi' 
modesty,  and  become  stark  naked,  which  is  a  slianie  for 
a  woman,  we  now  desire  you,  that  you  may  be  a  com- 
plete man — we  advise  you  not  to  act  as  a  man  yet,  but 
be  first  instructed  by  us,  and  do  as  we  bid  you,  and  you 
will  become  a  noted  ma'i. 

Cousins — The  Eughsn  and  French  fight  for  our 
lands.  Let  us  be  strong  and  lay  our  hands  to  it,  and 
defend  it.  In  the  mean  lime  we  lend  our  eyes  and  ears 
to  us,  and  the  Knglish,  our  brethren,  and  yoit  will  Iivo 
as  well  as  we  do. 

Then  the  Governor  sei. I  to  Newcastle  and  Teedyus- 
cinig.  The  new  belt  not  being  finished,  he  exjilained 
the  proposed  figures  to  them,  and  desired  the  women 
might  finish  it  on  rainy  days,  or  resting  in  their  juurney, 
whicli  was  proiuised. 

Then  the  Governor  spoke  : 
Brothers  Newcastle  and  Teedyuscmig — Set  an  high 
value  upon  this  belt — it  is  the  peace  belt  which  Teedyus- 
cMug  delivered  in  council.  I  very  cheerfully  lay  hold 
of  it.  I  will  lay  it  up  willi  tlie  council  belt,  and  declare  it 
i  to  you,  I  am  most  heartily  disjjosed  to  etTect  the  meaning 
of  this  belt — a  speedy  and  honorable  peace,  and  a  return 
01  the  otiices  of  love  and  friendship  between  the  Indians 
and  their  brethren,  the  English.  In  return,  I  give  you 
I  tlie  belt  now  making,  which  you  will  consider  as  finished, 
and  when  done,  show  n  every  Avhere,  and  make  our 
dispositions,  and  the  treatment  you  have  met  with, 
known  to  your  own  people,  the  Six  Nations,  and  all 
your  allies. 

Here  the  Governor  g;i\o  the  new  belt,  as  far  as  it  was 
made,  and  all  the  wampum  ])roposed  for  it,  desiring, 
if  it  was  not  enough  to  comi'lote  it,  that  they  would  add 
more. 


^8  n.'STOitv   or  xoktiiampton  couxty.  f     ' 

Then  taldiig  two  bells,  joined  together  in  his  hands,  j  j^ 
and  addrjessiiig  Newcastle  and  Teedynscung,  he  declared  ^  '^ 
them  ageiiis  for  tiie  province,  and  gave  them  authority  I  \ 
to  do  the  jiiibli(i  business  togetlier.  lie  reconnnei)dei|  '  j 
to  them  a  mutual  confidence,  esteem  and  intimacy,  am!  I 
wished  thcui  success  in  iheir  negociations.  To  v/hii^h  i  \ 
they  answered,  that  they  woidd  be  nuitual  good  tVii.'Lds.  \  • 
and  lay  their  hauls  togetlier,  and  do  every  thing  iu  tlicir  j  i 
power  to  j'iovnoi  J  tlie  weighty  matters  entrustci.l  to  ibom.  \   ] 

Teedynscung    added.       If    tliis   meeting   should  not  '    . 
serve  bin;  in  ovcry  thing  committed  to  liis  charge,  or  ■)  I 
strings  should  l.c  cn;(>ked,  lie  would  return  to   l;s  uijiI  ''    ' 
niakc  them  straight.     What   he    says  comes   iVom  his   - 
heart,  and  not  iVum  bis  lii)s.     His  heart  and  oius  .  bt/alj   , 
be  one,  and  b.-  aire   to   une  auuther;    iur  if'  diilcrent 
liquors  arc;  i>iil   'iit(3  a  cask  and  shaken,  they  will  mix   )  ; 
and  come;  one.  I  , 

The  (lov(;rnor  said  he  had  v/ritten  down  whai  Tee- 
dyuscung  liad   said  on  the  belt  delivered  by  hii.i,  ami   5 
will  keep  it  in  bis  heart.     It  is  very  agi'eeable  i..    Iiini   j  ,' 
and  the  people  cd'  rennsylvania.     He  will    lay  ;;ii  []w   ] 
belt  in  the  council  clKunbi'r  as  a  mark'  ot'  his  1ji<.''  I  hip,   ^ 
as  he  is  a{)])ointed  agent  ibr  Pennsylvania,  witiit  r|.t;ii!i    ' 
Newcastle      He  puts  into  his  hands  all   the  belt  ai;d   i  . 
wam})uni  he  has  here,  to  be  made  use  ot"  by  him  ui  the    « 
course  ol'liis  ue':Mciatioiis,as  he  may  judge  most  [.rojier,    * 
and  most  lor  the  interest  of  the  people  of  this  pre)\'iiico.    * 

Teedyascimg  answered,  that  he  might  meet  v  uli  dif-  t 
ficnlties  in  traiisMctiiig  the  important  business  coieiuittcd  ^ 
to  his  charge;  but  as  he  is  imw  one  of  the  council  of  t: 
the  province  of  Pennsylvania,  he  assures  his  bieihreii  j 
that  he  will  exeii  himself  jaitlifnlly,  and  to  the  ulmost  ' 
of  liis  }io\ver,  ni  the  service  ;  and  if  he  meets  with  ^ 
crooked  paths,  ii  ■  will  endeavor  to  make  them  stridght.     / 

The  Goveniur  ilim  tbuuked  Teedynscung  and  I'lcw- 
castle  for  ihoir  uuderiaking  to  be  agents  for  P.  i.i:  ylva- 
nia,  on  this  occa.^ioi)  ;  desired  that  tiiey  might  cu-<j]H'rat(i 
one  witli  !.^.oil^.■!^  ;  ud  consult  together  on  tin  ju'oper 
measures  iv  be  eiiteied  into  by  them,  and  ^lulivii  :(l  two 


HISTORY    01     NOR  J  HAMPTON    COUNTY.  49 

bells  tied  together,  as  a  isign  or  symbol  of  that  liarmony 
and  iiiuuiiinity  tliat  ought  to  subsist  between  theui. 

Teedyusciing  said,  that  he  was  pleased  with  being 
joined  with  Newcastle  in  ])ublic  business  ;  that  he  hoped 
matters  would  be  l)roiight  to  a  hai)py  issue ;  that  he 
wished  there  niiglii  be  a  firm  friendship  and  lasting 
union  between  tlu.  Siy  N;'.tions  and  the  people  of  Penn- 
sylvania; and  that  they  might  be  as  ono  man.  lie  fur- 
ther said,  that  he  had  a  kngo  laniily,  and  liaving  a  great 
way  to  gu,  he  had  v.o  mciuis  of  carrying  any  more  pro- 
visions than  would  S(^rve  liiui  on  the  road — he  therel'ore 
desired  that  he  miglit  be  fiu-ni-ihed  with  a  horse,  that  he 

i  might  be  enabled  to  carry  provisions  to  his  family. 
Whereupon  the  (iovernoi;   ])romisod  lo  let  him  have  a 

t  horse,  and  he  promised  to  reliirn  him  again,  the  next 
time  he  came  down. 

i  The  Governor  then  talking  into  his  hands  the  belts, 
strings  and  bundles  of  new  1)lack  wampum,  gave  tliem 
lo  Teedyuscung,  and  desired  he  would  use  them  to  the 
best  advantage. 

Tiie  private  presents  w<  )t'  then  given,  and  the  Oovit- 
nor  and  llie  eouneil  took  iheii   It^ives.     The  eoimeil  re- 

'  turning  to  JMiiladel|ihia,  and  the  (iovernor  going  to  New 

;  York,  on  an  express  received  from  Gov.  Shirley. 


A  list  of  Indians  preseiit  at  a  treaty  at  Easton,  26th 
July,  175'): 

Capt.  Newcastle,  one  of  tJie  Six  Nations ;  Teedyus- 
cung, King  of  the  Delawui  es  ;  Ta])ascawen,  counsellor  ; 
Amos,  Kesmitas,  John  Jacob,  Tecdyuscung's  three  soiis  ; 
Machmelawchchiidc,  his  son-in-law  ;  JohuSwalling,  his 
grand  s'ju;  Ciuistian,  William,  Josiah  ;  Baronet  Dow- 
man,  an  Onandgo  Indian ;  Weenochwee,  Mongust, 
Ilatchchaan;  lieiijamin,  that  speaks  English;  John 
Pumpshire,  Joseph  Milclity,  'J'homas  Storer,  Josepli 
Pupy,  Nicodenms,  Zaeh;aius,  (Miiistian;  Macharveheh 
iy,  diat  lived  some  n.oiiths  at  l^aston. 

I  liave  carefully  perused  the  foregoing  minutes,  and 
do  find  iheni  to  give  a  true  account  of  what  passed  be- 


50  HliTOUV     or    NORTHA.MPTON    COUNTY. 


tween  the  Oovmiior  and  tlie  Indians,  in  my  presLiiccaf 
Kaston. 

Conrad  Wkisdi:.         \  • 
[Pro.    !-:.:<:.,  jK    lOo— i09.]  \  ' 

November  Stls,  1756,  tlie  Six  Nations  and  tin:  Del;.- j 
ware,  Shawanc-es  and  Mohicans,  represented  \>^  thei*  | 
principal  cinels,  met  Oovernor  Denny  with  his  cr)!iii.,ii  ? 
conunissi'jiiers  and  secretary,  and  a  great  nmnber  oj  ' 
citi'/.ens  w,'  Ph.iladelphia,  chielly  Quakers. 

'•At    unee   o'<:lock,'^  siiys  the  record,  the ''' Onerji;.-  ,, 
marched    irom  his  lodgings  to  the  place  of  conlereiier  '  ■ 
guarded  l)y  a  party  ot"  Royal  Americans  in  front  iwA  or,  f 
the  Hanks,  and  a  detiichment  of  Colonel  Wei.s(  I's  pro- ; 
vincials,  with  colors    Hying,  drums  heating  and  mii^V  | : 
j)laying — which  order  was  always    observed  in  goitis:  \ 
to  the  place  of  conierence.     I'eedyuscmjg,  who  r'^pro-  '-^., 
sented  four  tribi^s,  was  the  chief  s])eaker  on  th(3  '):irt  • ' 
the  Indians.     This  conference  lasted  nine  days,  anJ  ai  > 
the  close  a  treaty  of  peace,  was  concluded  hetwucu  tlii  | 
Shawances  and  Dohiwares  and  the  English."  |, 

Another  council  was  held  in  July,  1757.  An  ahor  %  H 
the  autunni  of  1758,  when  alK)Ut  live  hundreil  Indiiiiu-  V- 
attended.  Another  was  held  in  ()ctol)er,  175.'j.  The  V. 
following  is  an  extract  of  the  records  touchint:  iIjc  iraiis  ?;,f 
actions  at  this  cuncil. 


Council  at  Euston.,  October  11,  175!).      \% 

The  Indian  Chiefs  and  Oovernor  Bernard  and  Govgi 
nor  Denny  in  cianKal. 

Mohawks,  Oneidas,  Onondagoes,  Cayugas,  Seneca^. 
Tuscaroras,  N  uilicokes,  Conoys,  Tuteloes,  Ciniganh,  U 
Delawares,  Unamiues,  Munseys,  Mohicans  and  Wap-  |^ 
(lingers.  I 

Teed.iju.scu'ii.^.       I  called — tlie     Indians  hav- 
Spcak  ii/id  [hey  wi!l  hear.     Sit   and    talk.     1 
hear  and  su.:. 

Tokaaio,  chief  of  tlie  Cayugas,  I  speal. 
fiayugas,  Ttib'cnroras,  Tuteloes,  Nanticokcs  and 
^V   road   has   boon  opened  for  as  to  this  coij 


--    c 

Jim 

i\ 

wil 

;;ir 

r 

fwl 

til'. 

V. 

C.V] 

lail 

oy, 

1 

NORTH  A.I,lPTON    COUNTY. 


Rlood  has  been  spilt  Ujton  this  road.  liy  tliia  belt  I 
wipe  away  that  blood.  I  take  tlie  tomahawk  from  off 
your  heads. 

Nichas  then  spoko.     Teedyiiscmig  has  said  lie  is  our 

chief.     We    knov^  kim  not.     It'  he  be  our  king,  who 

made  him  so?     Have  you  done  it?     Say  yes  gr  no. 

Tagashata.     Wo  kuov/  ntit  who  made  him  our  kint^. 

%/issara7idongii(n:.     No  sucii  thing  was  ever  said   in 

our  wigwam,  tliat  Ti'.edyuscnng  was  our  king. 

Henry  Kim^.  i  spcnk  lur  the  Oneidas,  Cayugas, 
Tuscaroras,  NaniiL-ike:j  ;uid  Cunoys.  We  say  boldly 
he  is  not  our  king. 

Governor  Denny.     You  say  that  Teedyuscung  said 
he  was  your  king.     He  met  us  in  the  council  fire  at  this 
place  last  year.     We  considered   him  your  representa- 
tive, not   your  king.     lb;  said  he  was  not  your  king, 
lie  cahed  the  Six  Nations  his  uncles. 
Governor  Bernard.     \  do  not  know  tiiat  Teedyus- 
;  cimg  is  a  greater  man  than  any  of  your  chiefs. 
^  Teedyuscung  now  spoke.     You  placed  us  at  Shamo- 
( Jkin  ami  Wyoming.     You  have  .sold    that  land.     1  hm 
[  jjike  a  bird  upon  a  bough.     I  iouk  aroimd  and  know  not 
lAvhere  1   may  take  my  nst.     Let  me  come  down  and 
^3nake  that  land  my  own,  that  I  may  have  a  home  for 
f  ever. 

[^    Governor  Benny.     We  will  settle  matters. 
\r^    Nichas  spoke.     Settle   miitters — those  tilings  are  in 
i«ihe  dark.     Place  thcin  in  the  light.     The  proprietaries 
»Uiave  our  deeds — show  lliem  to  us  and  we  will  know 
gour  marks. 

0     Governor  Bernard  then  said  he  had  something  to  say. 
q     Taga,^htita  said.     One  Governor  at  a  time.     We  will 
jIBnot  hear  both  speak. 
M        A  deed  being  produced, 

m  Nichas  again  spoke.  This  deed  we  remember.  We 
'  sold  the  land.  Tho  laud  was  our  own.  All  thinss  are 
;,  right. 

t  A  member  ot  ti.e  Pt;i.ni:ylvania  comicil  then  observed: 
*  Teedyuscung  a.sks  u.s  to  mole  you  owners  of  tho  lands 
i  atWiti  iiidc  and  i-ihamoking     We  have  no  power  to 


52  UlSfOIU'    OF    NORTHAMPTON    COUNTY. 

sell  those  land-s,     Your  request  shall  be  laid  bcfoi-c 
proprietary. 

7''eedt/uicnnL,' ie\)\ie(}.     Onas  will  grant  our  nq.. 
We  trust  in  liirn..     We  know  hirn.     lie  loves  justid, 
We  are  salisiicij. 

"There  ums  also  another  council  held  in  IToi,  con 
earning  tho  Dri  avarf,-  settlement  at  Wyoniiri;j,  Jii  Vvii'':!: 
Teedyiibcung  look  an  active  and  eloquent  pari.  " 


EASTON. 

Easton  is  sifuatcd  at  the  conlluence  of  the  ri'.'Lis  Du 
aware  anrl  Li  iii^li,  and  cxteiuls  iVoru  the  inuiiiii  oi  il. 
latter,  along  thf-  loinur,  nearly  hah"  a  nnle,  to  i!..-  Ih;s| 
kill  creek ;  so  rfiat  ihi-  l(Arn  is  Imunded   on  tiu'to  sidi 
by  water.     For  the  advantages  of  position,  as   well  as; 
for  its  beauty  nf  scenery,  it  is  unsurpassed  by  any  iriLmdi 
town  in  Peini^syh'ania.     The  soci(;ty  of  the  ]ili:ci,  ;;■:  i 
morals  and  inrelligence,  is  certauily  no(  snr[»a--s.\i   ic.  ^ 
any  town  in  ihe  connu-y.     Industry  and    ecuniuny  /rJ 
the  characteri.-tics  of  all  classes;  both  professicnal  iti.'| 
mechanical  gentlemen,  are   an  ornament   tf)    lb.;   ;,ia- 
The  dwellings  are  generally  well  built — their  ;  LiMct 
.spacious,  and  a  lew  of  them  costly. 

Easton  was  incoporaied  in  llHii.    The  streets  {tin  eii,il 
and  west,  noith  and  south,  and  are   well   paved,  wil:. 
side  \valks.     In  the  ceiitre^of  the  town  is  a  line  sqiiajv 
surrounding    the  Court   House,  which  makes  i.[i.if','  aii 
imposing  a{)pe;irance,  since  it  has  received  ''  a  iirashinv; 
np'^  and  otlier  additions.     The  mnnlxir  of  dw  jUiriir,-;  b 
between  seven  and  eight  hundred.     There  an/ iv/cIvl 
taverns  in  the   borough ;  about  twenty  stores,  sovera! 
appothecaries,   fom-   foinideries,   viz:    Iron   and  Urvis^ 
foundeiy,  ovv'iied  by  Aaron  Miller, now  carried  mx  ny  liie 
iirmof  Fishery  Knight,  manufacturing  principally  gratf^i  ! 
and  fenders;  the  Eagle  foundery, carried  on  by  Rictu.r'.U  ■ 
Templin  ;  George  W.  Harnet's  foundery,  and  f.'iu  i:;  ,i 
i3uckl('y's   foundery.     There   are   seven   co,i-.;]i  m  i/i'; 


i 


niSTOKY    OP    NORTIfAMPTON    COUNTY. 


factories,  carried  on   respectively   by  IMessrs.    Slilwel), 
Seip,  Steckel,  Wolf,  Diidly,  J.,ud\vi'g  and  Godown. 

The  borough  cout.iir.is,  in  addilioii  to  tbe  usual  county 
buildings,  a  Geiiurtu   iielbrnied,  two  Lutheran,  Presby- 
terian, Ej)iscop;il,  Ciiiiolic  and  Abithodist  chuiclies  ;  also 
a  Jews'   Synaguaiie.     'I'hc  Baptists  are  ajjout  erecting 
one.     Coniniou  .-.-cliOoN  and   Sabbath  schools  are  well 
attended. 
j        liy  an  act  of   As-srinbly,  Abuch  9th,  182(),  a  college 
I    was  established,  iijidi.i-  tin;  nth;  ot'  La  Fayette  ColK'ge. 
I    This  will  be  unhi'rd  i'l  tb:'  eha])ter  ''on  Education.'^ 
A  library  was  ;'(. 11. jci    iu   ibl  1,  containing  ab(Hit  thrr< 
I    thousand  ^'olunl(•s,  wiili  which  is  connected  an  extcnsix  e 
cabinet  of  niineruLs.    'J'Jiere  are  siiveral  news  papers  ]-tub  - 
.    lished  here,  viz ;     Tbu    ]<]a-.>lun   iSentinel,  by  .lanr(3S   \ 
I    J)iinlap  ;  Unabhaengig^.-r   Deuiocrat,  by  the  same  gen- 
i    ileinan;   Tlie    JJeniocrat  ^  Argus,  by  \V.  A.  Ilutler; 
j    Easton  Standard, by  Mr.  Sn.ndei's;  The  Whig  &.bnn'naij 
:    by  Mr.  Iletrick;  and  a  (leiman   pa|)er,  by  Mr.  II.  Sen- 
senian.     'I'he  town  is  libnndantly  su])plied    with  v\''ater, 
oonvyed  in  iron  jiipes  ti'oni  a  spring  alK)Ut  a  mile  I'rum 
tlie  borough.     Theriiare  \.\\\)  luidyes  across  the  Hnshkill, 
one  across  the   J)ela\v;ii'e,  and  one  across  the   Lehigh. 
Formerly  there   wivs  a  chain  bridge  across  the  Lehigh, 
:    suspentied  on  four  chains,  hanging  in  two  loops  and  two 
lialf  loops,  having  two  pass  ways  for  teams,  and  a  foot 
walk  between,  wdiich  was  guarded  by  hand  railings. 
This  one  was  swept  away  by  the  freshet  of  184L     The 
town  and   vicinity  sustained    considerable  injury  from 
freshets  in  Novembcj",  1840,  and  Jamiary,  1S41,  as  ap- 
pears iVoni  the  followhjg  extracts: 

Huiu  Watek-^Loss  of  Pkoi'erty. — Tlie  rain  wliich 
fell  in  torrents  on  Tlinrsday  last,  caused  our  streams  to 
j'ise  very  much.  Tlie  Leliigh,  which  usually  rises  very 
rapidly,  came  tlunidering  duvvn  with  her  torrents  from 
tributaries  among  the  mountains.  Tliere  wasconsidera 
ble  damage  doni;  at  the  mouth,  where  the  new  dam  is 
constructing.  The  abuinient  of  the  dam,  which  is  but 
partly  linislied,  was  overllowed,  the  water  washu.g 
iiwiiy  '.lie  bank  alongside. 


54  Hi'->Toi.y  OF  NOKTiiAairroN  codntt. 

The  laii^^c  lli e-proof  four  story  brick  house,  iuuik 
ately  below  the  dam,  was  entirely  deinolisiied,  being  un  ; 
dermined  by  the  water.     It  fell  with  u  heavy  crash  inl 
the  river.     Tiie  water  by  this  time  liad   got  suilicioiii 
head  to  endanger  the   whole   bank,  which  it  was  fast' 
undermining.      So  great^was  the  apprehension,  thai  tli' 
larailies  along  die  river  removed  all  their  good.s.  !;.s:pefi 
ing  that  their  dwellings  would  be  swept  away. 

The  excavation  along  the  bank  extended  to  v.iiliiu;,  ^, 
few  feel  of  some  of  the  dwellings,  taking  away  iLi;  i 
whole  street  for  about  twenty  yards.  There  was,  li')V,'-l 
over,  no  dr.mago  done  to  any  other  ])roperty  hut  il.  ] 
store  house.  1 

The  scene  on  Friday  evening  was  truly  wii.l — li..  | 
roaring  and  gushing  of  the  waters,  the  fires  that  wcr  | 
kindled  to  light  the  workmen,  the  groups  of  pcrsi;i:.  1 
collected  together  at  ditierentpohUs,  altogether  pi  escntci  | 
a  grand  and  majestic  spectacle.  | 

There  is  but  little  damage  done  to  tlie  dan..  Ti;.  < 
principal  loss  sustained,  is  the  destruction  of  tli*; -i.,it  J 
house,  and  wa>hing  away  of  the  street,  which  v,  ;il  r-  | 
quire  a  vast  anouiU  of  fdling  in  and  slo])e  wall  ;i  n  S 
heavy  expense,  to  jilace  it  in  pro})er  order. —  II  h:g  ii.ul  \ 
Journal,  Nov.   !,  1810.  ] 

Freshet. — Great  destruction  of  property,  &c.  on  i!k  S 
Lehigh  and  Delaware  rivers,  and  inmidation  of  tli  ■  | 
borough  of  Easton.  \ 

As  chroniclers  of  passing,  events,  it  becomes  our  pain- 
ful duty  to  record  a  scene  of  destruction  and  dev  i;slaiioii, 
such  as  never  was  before  witnessed  in  this  section  ol 
country.     The  late  excessive  rains,  carrymg  witli  it  \\\t 
snow,  which  had  covered  ihe  ground,  caused  our  streams  \ 
to  rise  beyond  all  precedent.    Tliey  came  careering  dov/it  I 
with  awt'al  rapidity,  on  the  morning  of  the  8th  inst; nt    I 
producing  waste  and  ruin  on  every  side,  bearing  o]i  \W  i.    I 
angry  waters  every  kind  of  property — house  .,  burns,  | 
store-houses,  fences,  stacks  of  grain,  and  furniture  of  all  \ 
descriptions. 

The  Lehigh  river,  one  of  the  most  unruly  ai.d  i!nl;i- 
lent  of  streams,  has  caused  the  greatest  amouuL  oi'd;':i- 


HISTORY    OP    KORTJIAMPTON    COUNTY.  55 


age.-  As  far  as  liciud  from,  not  a  bridge  is  left  spanned 
across  it.  Tiie  bridLics  al  Stoddartsville,  Leliightoii, 
Siegfried's,  Biery'^',  Allciitown,  Hctlilelreni,  Freeman's, 
Kaston — all  of  them  swept  clean  away.  The  beautifn! 
bridge  at  our  borough,  went  about  four  o'clock  in  the 
morning  of  the  8th.  It  breasted  the  flood  most  gallantly, 
fur  hours,  but  at  last  ^vas  obliged  to  yield,  and  gracefidly 
parting,  lioated  oft'  Mpou  the  angry  waters  that  destroyed. 
The  Jlals,  below   Soudi   Easton,  between  the  river 

Rand  the  cunal,  cdiilniiiing  the  Collector's  olllce  of  the 
Ivchigh  Coal  and  ,"'»uvi2;irion  (Jonjpany,  and  a  small  vil- 
lage, were  so  completely  inundated  as  to  hide  the  build- 
ings— all  but  the  store-house  were  carried  oft".  The 
lower  ])art  of  IViUiarns/u/rt  is  almost  destroyed — the 
canal  basin  nijparunlly  demolished — the  Collector's  oftice 
of  the  J)(!laware  division  moved  oif  its  foundation — the 
way-lock  stript  of  its  covering,  and  botli  sides  of  the 
river  here,  present  but  one  scene  of  ruin. 

The  dwellings,  in  the  section  of  our  borougli,  adjacent 
to  the  J.ehigh,  as  far  up  as  Lehigh  street,  were  inun- 
dated in  their  lower  storie-s,  destroying  their  furniture, 
&c.,the  occupant's  haviiig  only  siUJicient  time  to  save 
themselves.  Some  o(  the  dwellings  were  considerably 
.  injured  by  the  drift  wood,  the  end  of  one  being  torn  out 
and  otherwise  damaged,  and  leavhig  all  in  a  nearly 
untenantable  condition.  We  have  seen  a  saw-log,  on  a 
porch,  about  lifty  yards  from  the  river.  Tiie  houses, all 
along  Water  street,  were  overllowed,  leaving  them  in  a 
most  forbidding  condhioii. 

The  Delaware,  usually  so  remarkable  for  its  mildness, 
as  to  be  called  the  "silvery  Delaware,"  also  assmued  a 
new  character,  tliough  not  so  destructive  above  the 
Lehigh,asthat  river,  did, notwithstanding,nntch  damage. 
It  is  estimated  that  it  was  thirty-iive'feet  above  low 
water  mark,  six  feet  higluT  than  has  ever  been  heard  of 
before.  The  de^tmciiou  of  the  bridge  across  it  Avas 
looked  for  during  ilii;  wliole  olthe  Mth,  but  it  withstood 
the  flood,  though  nui>  h  injured  and  torn.  I?eport  has 
it,  that  below  tf.i s,  every  oil',!;r  bridge  on  the  Delaware 
is  ^o\i-..     Coming,  as  this  tliMMJ  has  done,  in  the  motjt 


5G 


UISTOUi'-    OP    NOIITIIAMPTON    COUNTY. 


inclcmem  part  of  tLo  season,  the  clistress  produced  wil.  | 
be  great.     It  i;as  fallen  ni)on  many  wlio  are  in  no  \vav  I 
nl)le  to  bear  it.     The  d weUings,  overflowed,  were  mostiv  | 
ocenpied  by  the  poorest  of  ouv  citizens,  who  liave  loi  | 
tiien'  all     \Vr  are  iiappy  to  say,  that  the  usual  kind  and 
charitable  1(  ehii-  uf  our  townsmen  are  in  exercise,  aii'l 
all  that  c>ui  possibly  he  done,  is  done  to  alleviate  die 
(Ustresse.s  of  the  sniferers. 

As  yet,  we  laiow  oi'  no  loss  of  life.  Mr.  Lowvy  ii);ii 
son,  fi'om  Celcnian's  dam,  were  both  swept  away.  Tlio 
father  jumped  upon  a  log,  and  while  passing  jii.^i  above 
bere,  l)i;Jore  <\.,y,  was  seen,  when  one  of  our  ciiizenv 
John  Beam,  at  the  risk  of  his  own  life,  pushed  out  iii 
his  boat  and  broiigbt  hini  safe  to  shore.  Thi.s  act  oi 
mtrei)idity,  to  save  a  fellow  being,  deserves,  aij(i  liaj 
secured  to  Mr.  iieam,  unqualified  praise.  'I'he  scii.  it 
IS  said,  v/as  taken  up  about  twelve  miles  belo'v.  .-iiii' 
ahvc. 

The  damage  done  to  individuals,  it  is  iniposMMe  ti 
correctly  estimaie.  The  coal  and  wood  yards,  next  dir 
river,  haye  sutfered  considerably,  'j'ho  Lehiiili  T,\iP3- 
portalion  Compa  ly  have  k)st  six  or  seven  of  ilietr  fv-v 
deck  boats.  Tl;e  loss  of  tlie  Mauch  Clmnk  C(»m).am 
must  be  very  considerable.  We  understand  th;u  one 
iiundred  and  fihy  of  their  scows  were  counted  as  ihe\ 
passed  dov/n  the  river. 

In  addition  to  tbe  bridges  along  the  Lehi-li,  tlic 
destruction  oi'  ))roperty  v/as  very  \n-eat.  Tiie  lar^c- 
store  house,  at  the  north  abutment  of  Coleman *,s  dam, 
was  undermined,  and  fell  in.  The  lock  attendee's-  house' 
at  the  same  place,  met  a  similar  tate.  Tlie  lock's  and 
sluices  on  the  soutli  side  of  the  dam,  are  all  carried 
away— the  Lehigh  having  forced  a  channel  arouiui  tk,  i 
<Jam.  '    I 

At  Bctldehem,  the  loss  of  private  property  is  very 
great,  in  addilicn  t<>  tbe  destruction  of  the  voH/abk 
old  bridge,  which  had  ^tood  the  surges  of  the  hchJ-h 
lor  nearly  a  century,  and  whose  charter  bears  an  rariu', 
date  than  any  oilier  iiridge  company  in  Uie  stale.  Tiic. 
I'.^ss  ou  (he  low  huids,  below  the  bridge,  is  very  extei... 


nisTor.v  cv  Northampton  county.  5j 

sive;  l)ut  the  hotel  and  oiher substantial  buildings,  were 
miraculously  XJreserved. 

,  At  Alienlown,  tiie  sweep  of  the  flood  over  the  low- 
lands is  represented  as  having  been  awl'ul.  Of  thai 
substantial  bridge,  erected  but  a  few  years  ago,  not  even 
the  ]jiers  and  abutments  remain.  This  company  has 
been  peculiarly  uutbrr.mate;  l)Ut  a  few  years  ago,  tiiey 
lost  a  bridge  by  i]i\:,  iiud  soon  after  another,  in  i)art,  by 
a  freshet.  The  siiltnidid  stone  bridge,  over  the  Jordaii, 
erected  a  few  yeic's  agu  ;it  a  cost  of  eight  or  ten  thousand 
dollars,  we  are  jilia.-cd  to  learn,  sustained  but  little 
damage. 

The  company's  daju.  at  this  place,  is  not,  as  was 
reported,  carried  away;  but  tlu;  canal  and  locks,  imme- 
diately below,  are  all  destroyed.  The  destruction  cvi 
private  property,  consisiing  of  store  houses,  coal  and 
wood  yards,  basins,  boats,  &;c.  at  this  place,  is  complete. 

At  Jiiery's  bridge,  one  span,  with  the  abutments  and 
pier,  are  uninjured,  and  the  company  ho[)e  to  have  it 
repaired  and  o})en  to  the  public  in  tan  or  fifteen  day.s. 
Much  i»rivate  luopcit)-  was  ;ds(i  airried  away  at  thi-. 
poiut. 

The  havoc  at  the  Lehigh  Water  Gap,  as  will  be  sup- 
posed, from  its  jx-'culiar  location,  was  very  great.  Tlu: 
county  bridge,  which  v,  as  linished  but  a  few  months 
ago,  was  raised  Irom  its  foundation,  and  carried  dowii 
the  stream,  strikmg  the  hotel  of  our  friend  Craig,  buL 
widiout  tloing  much  damage,  passed  on  and  crushed  thi; 
building  in  which  he  kept  an  extensive  store,  and  rush- 
ing on,  there  was  nothing  left  of  the  valuable  improve- 
nients,  coal,  lumber,  plaster  and  other  properly,  innnedi- 
ately  below.  The  hotel  was  in  great  danger,  and  the 
family  and  other  imnatos  were  taken  out  with  a  boat,iii 
the  night,  and  were  obliged  to  remain  in  the  mountain 
until  the  next  morning. 

The  loss  at  the  Clarissa  iron  works,  above  this  point, 
is  very  heavy — tlio  greater  part  of  the  valuable  improve 
nients  of  Joseph  J.  Albiight,  are  in  ruins. 

At  Parry viUe.  Weisspon,  iMauch  Chunk,  and  up  tin. 


njSTOltV     OP    NOH'l'HAMPTON    COUNTY. 


Lehigii,  the  .samo  devastation  prevailed — many  hous:^ 
and  other  vrJiiahlo  projterly  came  down  the  river. 

The  state  work's  along  the  Delaware  and  the  Leliigl, 
Company's  improvements,  on  the  Lehigh,  are  damageii 
to  a  great  extent.  At  many  places  no  traces  of  lli*i 
canal  are  left,  iho  cnrrent  havhig  swept  them  away  lo  low 
water  mark,  lor  a  great  distance;  and  all  along  ilie  line 
rhoy  are  more  or  less  injnred.  Jcmuary  8,  1S11. 


ClIAI'TEll  VIII. 

TOrOGUAllIi'  OF  TOWNSHIPS. 

'  Upper  Afointt  Belhi  I  townsJiip  is  bounded  on  tlic 
north,  by  MDnroc  coiimy;  t..';ist,  by  the  Delaware  vivei ; 
on  the  south  and  west,  by  Lower  Mount  Bethel  town- 
&liip.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  rolhng;  soil,  ])rinci])ally 
limestone;  well  riihii'Lie'd  and  very  productive.  It  i^ 
watered  by  Cobuss'  cmek.  a  small  stream  that  rises 
within  the  township,  and  llowing  seven  miles  eastward, 
falls  into  the  Delaware  river,  about  three  miles  helow 
the  Water  Clap,  'ilific  are  si.v  <.rist  and  six  saw  nulls 
in  it. 

p]xtensive  slate  (piarries  liave  been  opened  in  Xh\% 
township,  near  tin;  Delaware,  where  roofing  slate,  of  a 
su[)erior  quality,  is  ohtiiuied,  in  large  quantities,  and  a 
manufactory  of  school  slates,  untter  the  auspi<'es  of  tla; 
Hon.  James  iM.  I'.orter,  ihe  i)ro]>ri('tor,  has  been  esta1;- 
lished,  in  which,  by  the  aid  of  ingenious  machinery, 
slates,ofa])ecnliar  neatness  and  excellence,  are  produced, 
at  a  very  moderate  price. 

There  are  several  villages  in  this  township.  Shilc 
Port,  near  the  ]Jelaware  Water  Gap,  consisting  of  some 
six  or  eight  dwellings,  occu])ied  by  persons  at  work,  at 
Mr.  Porter's  slate  ([uanirs  and  manufactory, 

Centreville  is  a  post  village,  sixteen  miles  froni 
Easton;  it  contains  twi;nty  tlwellings,  one  store,  on(! 
tavern  and  a  fountlry.  Near  the  village  is  a  si»leiulid 
edifice,  being  a  German  Reformed  church.  Thevillagt; 
is  pleasantly  situ;: ted. 

IViUiani^ibitrg  is  a  post  vdlage,  on  the  main  road  iVom 
,Easto)i  to  the  Delaw^.re  Water  Ga}),  about  twenty  mile> 
from  Easton,  and  live  iVoni  the  Ga]).  This  place  ua. 
laid  out  by  William  Lander,  some  twenty-five  or  thirty 
years  ago.  It  contains  ;d)"ni  forty-five  dwellings,  on  . 
store. .  .ic  tavern,  uvo  churches,  an  l^^nglish  Presbyterian 


t)0  lilSiOUr  OF   NOKTIIAMPTON   COUNTY. 

cliiircl),  Li-ecic'l  i)f  brick,  iu  lS;^fi;  and  a  i'lciliuiV  1 
church,  a  iVaiin'  Imiltliii^-,  m-ectcd  in  lb35;  and  a  iv,:], 
brick  academy,  hnilt  in  ISIjI,  bnt  now  occn[ii;'(i  by  .i;| 
cununon  scKjoI — [Kjj)nlation  about  two  hvuidi'od  i)i',i| 
seveniy-iivo.  | 

Thecailieyi  settler  here  was  a  Mr.  Forsnian — [ui'Oii.l 
the   otii.r    uany   settlers    were    Frutchy,    J5rodi,    ())' 
Krot/.er  and  Stein. 

Dii'l\-  l\'.'"rij  i.s  between  Slate  Port  and  WiUiani-b;e  J 
ojiposiio  (Dhiniljia,  in  New  Jersey.     Tliere  is  a  lavu 
hei'e  in  Vvdiici;  a,  jhisI  olllee  is  ke])1. 

The  i-oiaii.iiioij  al'  tins  township  iu  18.20,  wu,^  2.1~3  \ 
in  1830,  2,'.iil;  lyio,  2,(ilc;.  'I'he  county  r/.tes  aiiMJ 
levies  lor  UilJ,ou  iti-olessions,  was  j5'S;5,t)!»;3  :  ou  !-eal| 
estate,  liorses  I'ud  catllr,  :;^751,525  ;  .state  tax,  y>'  .8J!i  iT  I 
'I'he  junuber  .n' la.xables,  (JjO.  5 

Lower    Mo:' /if    liclhcl    townsJiip  'mi  boundeii  on  il  r  . 
north   by  Moinoe  connly,  cast  by  Upper  Mount  iJediei  \ 
south  by  l''oiL     l()s\'nshii>  and   the  Dehiware  ii\  er,  airl 
west    by    Plaiatiidd    township.     'Idie    surt'ace  i-   jiailly 
iullv,  and  .•^oiiii    portions  of  it  leveb     A  small  lavpuriii.i 
is  liniesiuiie  soil,  bnt   the  m'eater  part    is    gravtl.     li  i 
pj'ctiy  well  waiered    l>y  Uichnu)nd  creek',  (jr  (Jijuirlun, 
Alartin's    ami    Muddy  creeks.      The    Ocpnrton    idioril- 
some  mill  jjowm  r.      Martin's  creek  rises  at  the  (iujf  crtin 
J'jlue    UKiimlaiii,  and    runing    a,    st)uth-western    coiirsi;.  . 
eni})ties  iiito  ib.-  Delaware  some  iiltoeu  or  twenty  inilc-:  | 
above  Easton.     It  alibrds  several   excellent  n.i'.l  seats.  ; 
'J'liere  are  ninii  yris!  and  eight  saw  mills  in  tins  town 
shi]>.     There  i;>  a  post  ollice  at   Ahulin's  crock  in  llii:.  \ 
township,  and  near  it,  two  splendid  ciuirches,  the  onenii 
ICuglish    Presl)yterian,  the    otiior  a  Oerman  Uoibrnici] 
and  Lutheran  ;  both  within  a  mile  of  the  Delaware  river, 
Tliere  are  sevcard  small  villages  in  the  township. 

RicJi))it/id  -x  po-;t  village,  is  the  priiici[)al  (jne  ;  ii  i.-, 
near  the  la'ad  of  0:/uii'fon,  or  Richmond's  credv.  It  k 
on  tlie  iiiain  rviad  litan  ICaston  to  the  Delawa.*'  W'af.^i 
Gap,  fointeen  miles  from  the  former,  and  el'tvcn  from 
the  latter— also  eleven  miles  froui  the  Wind  (^ap.    It 


HISTOUY  OF  KORTHAMPTON    COUNTY.  61 

contains  between  tliiny  and  forty  dwellings,  two  stoiec, 
two  taverns,  a  giisi:  mill,  a  distillery  and  an  excellent  tan- 
nery. It  was  laid  out  many  years  ago.  ''i'lie  po])ula- 
lion  is  between  iwo  ;m.d  tliree  Jmndretl. 
,  Flalfie.ld,  on  iNTai'tiii's  crerk,  is  tlie  name  given  to  an 
irregularly  bnilt  viliaL'-e,  hiid  out  by  William  McCaH, 
about  twenty  yoars  ugo.  Here  are  eiglit  or  ten  dw(jll- 
ings,  two  mills  and  an  extensive  taimery.  A  bridirr, 
across  Martin's  ••reel:  bert'. 

The  populatidii  oi"  ilie  !uv/nsbip  in  1S20,  Avas  2,472  ; 
1830,  2,66(J;  1  SIO.  2,!K-:7;  inxablesin  1844,  (i59.  County 
rates  a  levies,  1''  11,  ':)a  pii'icssions,  ;2)95,327  ;  real  estate 
horses  and  cattle,  J5^:^t)5,780.  Anionnt  of  state  la-. 
i52,08l    11. 

'  Allen  toioiship  is  I'onndcd  on  the  north  by  T^ebiiih 
and  Momoe  townshi|i.,  on  the  east  by  Upiierand  Lowim' 
Nazareth  townships,  uw  ihu  south  by  Hanover  jind 
liethlehem  townships.  ;ind  on  the  west  by  the  Lehn.'i! 
river,  which  scparatL-s  it  iVom  Ldiigh  cottnly.  Tlu;  sni- 
face  is  generally  level  -soil,  linie  ;5ti»ne,  nnd  well  nii- 
proveil.  It  is  well  Ui.ieied.  liesides  the  Lehigh,  whieh 
is  its  western  Ijoimdaiy,  the  llockendoqiie,  or  Ilockyon- 
doque  and  Cahulai|ue  creeks  are  considiirable  streams. 
The  Ilockendoque  rises  at  the  base  of  the  Kittalinny 
mountain,  near  Smitli^s  (^ap,  running  a  south-western 
course,  passing  Kerns\'ille,  or  Petersville,  and  Kridcn's- 
ville,  empties  imo  the  l^ehigh  river,  ten  or  eleven  miles 
below  the  Leliigh  Water  Gap.  It  has  a  number  of  dom- 
ing and  grist  nulls  on  it.  ('aladaqne  creek',  is  a  small 
stream,  witli  three  or  lour  mills  on  it.  It  springs  in  tlii.~ 
township,  and  tails  into  the  Lehigh  near  Jhery'svilie. 
aboiu  two  miles  beloAv  the  month  Of  the  Iloiiketidoque. 
This  towiishij)  wa:.  originally  settled  by  immigranis 
from  the  north  of  Ir  'iKud,  between  the  years  172S  and 
1733.  It  appeal  ,  ib.U  'A'Hiiaiu  Craig  and  Thomas  Craii . 
were  die  prmcij);d  seiiler:>.  Their  residence,  acconhiir 
to  the  Rev.  Welisier's  sia.leinent,  in  his  notes  on  iIl- 
enrhj  histurij  cf  .'J licit  Ihionshij),  was  about  lour  mil';> 
fro  I'  !!.;th,  net  I'u  iVom  wKeie  the  Presbyterian  churei' 


11:^  Northampton  county. 


ill  this  townshij',  now  stands.  "  Others — men  of  jiropei  i 
iy,  inliuen.-i-  ai.d  roUgious  character,  were  John  Rawls-  \. 
ton,.  Robert  Walker,  Jolni  McNair,  Jolui  Hays,  Jamoi  |. 
King,  Galvrici  King,  his  only  son,  eininet  for  |)ieiy  ;  Ai-  ^ 
thnr  Latiiiiuu'c,  llngh  Wilson,  William  Young,  Ojnr(.v  j 
Gibson,  Itobi,:!-!  (iiltson,  Andrew  Mann,  James  lliddlo.  |' 
.fohn  I^oyd.  Widow  Mary  Dobbin,  Nagle  Gray  and  i 
'I'liomas  A;msii(iiig,  who  at'terwards  removed  lo  Fogg's  % 
MaiKjr."  F. 

'J'iiis  was,  and  is  still  known, as  the  Irish  Settinntnl.  %. 
It  extends  fV(,'iii  the  Dry  l.and.s  up  to  Biery's  bridgi-.  f 
During  the  Frencli  and  Indian  war,  in  1755  and  1756',  | 
several  massacres  were  cointnitted  inthis  settlenuTt,  and.  1^ 
nearly  all  tied  to  Ik'Udehem.  Dr.  FrankUn,  in  a  loiter  io 
Governor  Morns, dated  at  Jiethlehem,  Jaimary  1  J,  1750, 
writes  :  '•  As  wo  drew  near  this  ])laee,  we  met  a  riurf- 
ber  of  wagons,  rmd  many  people  moving  off  with  tlieii  | 
clTects   and   families   from   the    Irish   Sett  lone  }il   anl    \ 


Lehigh  township,  beitig  terrified  by  the  defeat  ol'  1  lay's  | 
company,  and  tlie  burnings  and  nnu'ders  commiUed  ii;  | 
the  townshi])s  ou  New  Years  day.  We  found  tin.-  piace  | 
fdled  widi  relniines;  the  workmen's  shops,  even  dn'  cd-  f 
lars,  being  cro\v<led  with  women  and  children,  ai;;i  \v',  | 
ieartied  that  Leiiigh  townshi])  was  almost  entirely alaii- 
doned  by  the  iniiabitant.s.  Soon  after  my  arrival  hert 
the  princijial  piN^ple  of  the  Iritih  Settlement,  as  Wilson, 
Elder  Craig,  and  others,  came  to  me,  and  dernaudt.'d  aii 
additon  of  thirty  men  to  Craig's  company,  or  tinea  tciied 
they  woidd  immediately,  one  and  all,  leave  theii'  'oaniiy 
to  the  enemy."" 

A   few   days   afterwards,  the    ItJth   January,    l7o>!    | 
Franklin  stopjied  at  (ho  house  of  Mr.  Hays,     '•  W'c  left   | 
15ethlehem,"    s;.ys    Franklin,t    "the     IGth    inst.    wills    ., 
Foulk's  o(.nipai.y,  f(aty-:six  men,  the  detachment  of  Mr. 
Laughliii's  twenty,  and  seven  wagons  laden  Aviiii  storoi 
and  pro\'i;d()i.o.     We  got  that  night  to  Hays'  (luartcrt 
where   M'ayiie's    cunii)any  johied   us   from    Nazared. 

*l'rovii.u:',,  l^•(■-.v.■,l^fov  17:)(J. 

•jLelui  to  (,i>v,  Aluni^  (ialeJ  Fort  Allcu,  at  (.ireiulen  Ifuli  •     t  .:.  ,  . 
i'.i,  i75U; 


1 


III3T0KY    OF    KO  in  HAMPTON    COUNTY. 


The  next  d;iy  we  marched  cautiously  through  the  fiaj; 
of  the  mountain,  a  very  daiii^erous  pass,  and  got  to  l)]>- 
liiiger's,  hut  tweiity-oiu;  miles  I'rom  Bethlehem," 

A  number  oriamilies  were  nuirdered  in  and  near  the 
hi^h  Setllemeni,    [See  Wliite    Hall    township,  J^eluLrli 
county.]     The  vvife,  of  If  ugh  Horner,  Jane  Horner,  wa^' 
nuirdered  by  the  Iiidiaris,  under  circumstances  of  great 
cruelty,  the  Sth  of   Ociober,  17G3.     At  the  same  time, 
"the   liouse  of  John  Slinton,  about  eigiit  miles  Iron, 
I    Bethlehem,  wa.s  assailrj  by  the  Indians,  at  which  wa-. 
i   Captain  Wetlierolt.  \v i(h  a  parly  helonghig  to  Fort  Allen 
The  Cai)tain  designed  early  in  the  morning  to  procited 
[   for  the  Fort,  ordered  a  servant  out  to  get  his  horse  ready, 
'■   who  was  immediately  shot  down  by  the  enemy;  u])(m: 
i'  which  the  Captain,  going  to  the  door,  was  also  mortally 
(,.  wounded,  and  a  sergeant,  who  attempted  to  draw  th< 
Captain  in,  was  also  dangei'ously  hiu't.     The  lieutenant 
i  then  advanced,  when  an  Indian  jumping  onthe  bodit;. 
of   the  two  others,   i)iesented    a   loaded   })istol   to    Ins 
breast,  which  he   putting   aside,  it   went  olf  over  hia 
shoulder,  whereby  he  got  the  Indian  out  of  the  house 
and  shut  the  door.     'I'he   Indian  then  went  nnind  to  a 
,   window,  and   as  Stinton  was  getting  out  of  bed,  shor 
;'   him;  but  rushiugfrom  die  house,  he  was  able  to  run  a 
f    jnile  before  he  dropped  dead.     His  wife  and  two  children 
ran  into  the  cellar.     'J'liey  were  fired  upon  three  times., 
'    but  escaped  uninjured.      Cajjtain  Wetlierolt,  notwith- 
standing his  wound,  ciawled  to  a  window,  where  lie 
killed  one  of  the  Indiiuis,  who  were  setting  fire  to  ihi: 
(   house.      The  others  then  ran  off,  bearing  with  theii; 
their  dead   companion.     Captain   Wetlierolt  died  soot; 
after."  *-^ 

There  are  several  churches  in  this  township,  Lutheran 
and  German  Reformed,  and  I']nglish  Presbyterian.  There 
are  alsti  several  viilagi^;-;  in  it. 

Jiulh,  named  after  ]3ath  in  England,  by  the  Iri^i; 
settlers  liere,  who  laid  it  oiu  some  years  before  the  Rev.;- 
lulion  of  '7G.     It  i,>  a  p..  si  village^  on  the  Mouockac*  y 


Uu.  oj"  I'l,.  /si.i.ejMiiv,  1).  G33,  C2'i. 


t' 


64  niSTOllY  OF  NORTHAMPTON  COUNTY. 

creek,  eleven  miles  frotii  Easton,  ten  from  Alleiitowri, 
live  from  Nazareth  and  eight  from  ]3cthlehem — is  very  ,|, 
handsomely  situated — contains  between  iifty  and.  sixty  | 
dwellings,  many  of  them  of  hriciv — two  tavern^.,  llirec  -| 
.stores,  one  church,  erected  in  1834,  held  in  comrndii  by  | 
the  Lutherans  ahd  German  Reformed — two  schools,  o)it  | 
tor  males  and  one  for  females.  'J'liere  are  tv/o  mills  | 
contiguons  lo  it — population  about  two  hundred  ;in.|  f 
iifty.  Ylits  ago  the  Land  Oltice  had  been  a  1  }5ntli.  | 
George  J^aluicr  was  Surveyor  General  many  ycwrs — h.;  | 
lies  buried  in  Allcntownsiiip  grave  yard.*  » 

Prior  to  ITiiO;  the  Englisli  Presl)yterians  had  occlj:! 
a  large  stone  academy  on  Monockaeey  creek,  a  nulc  froiii 
Bath,  and  Uev.  'riiomas  Picton  was  the  prin(:-ip;ii.  The 
house  is  now  ii  od  by  the  congregation  for  diviu';  .'/or- 
aliip. 

Kreidcrsvillc,  a  post  village,  was  laid  out  by  tluiiiud 
Kreider,  between  thirty  and  ibrty  years  ago  ;  il  is  on 
the  main  road  from  i5etblehem  to  lierwick  ;  it  coplain,,' 
fifteen. or  sixteen  dwellings,  one  store,  one  tavern,  a  ver/ 
splenchd  iiouse,  erected  by  George  Weaver,  in  l£ia  i 
()no  mile  fromthe  vilhige  is  ^^  Zton's  Kirche,"  l)ei:uiP.!Ui: 
to  the  German  lletbrnied  and  LiUherans.  There  is  olso 
a  grist  mill  here,  turned  by  the  Hock'endoque  creek,  and 
a  slate  quarry,  near  this  village,  where  rooting  slate  lias 
been  formerly  ]jrocured.  On  the  farm  of  Josei)li  Ila^vii- 
bach  there  is  also  a  good  quality  of  roofing  slate.  * 

Hauertowii,  or  IJowertown,  laid  out  Ijy  Mr,  liauiu.  | 
is  on  the  road  from  Betbleiiem  to  Mauch  CImidv — con-  f 
tains  eight  dwellings,  one  tavern  and  a  school  house.  I 
Near  it  is  a  German  lletbrmed  and  J^utheran  ch;,r;li.        | 

JVeaversburi;,  a  post  village,  on  the  road  fromAllcii-  ^ 
town  to  ]iath,  contains  twelve  dwellings,  one  sinre,onc  | 
tannery,  ovie  mili  on  the  Collasauque,oi  Colesoque  creek.    .1 

Cenlreoille  or  Nti'.gh.sville,  consists  of  five  dwellings,  f 
an  Eiigiish  l^resbylcrian  church  and  a  grist  nml  Tlio  f, 
])opulatioii  of  Ihislownshii),  in  1820,  was  1,847;  in  1830,  |- 
fiy\i]G;    18-10.  ii. 5  17.     Taxables  in  1844,  (JI'J.     d^nity     | 

*  Rev'd  Wcbstor.  1 


rates  and  levies,  on  proj'essioiis,  i598,173.  On  real  estate, 
horses  and  cattle,  iil, 050,380.  Amount  of  state  tax, 
Jg2,440  50'. 

Plainfield  toiunship  is  bounded  on  the  north,  by 
Monroe  county ;  on  the  east,  by  Lower  Mount  Bethel ; 
on  the  south,  by  Forks  lownship  ;  on  the  west,  by  Eusli- 
kill.  The  surface  generally  level,  except  along  tlie  Blue 
mountain;  soil  principally  gravel,  but  well  improved. 
The  turnpike  road,  from  Easton  to  Berwick,  passes 
through  this  townsliip,  by  way  of  the  Wind  Gap.  During 
the  French  and  Indian  v/ar,  ihe  inhabitants  of  this  town- 
ship, in  common  v/iih  otiiers,  had  lied  from  their  lioirje.s, 
and  taken  refuge  at,  and  in  the  vicinity  of  Nazaretii. 

In  1779,  General  Sullivan,  with  his  army,  marciied 
from  Easton,  tjn-ough  this  lownship,  on  to  Wyoming. 
The  army  consiisted  of  a  uinnber  of  regiments,  as  appears 
from  Sullivan's  Journal.  ''ICaslon,  June  13,  1779,  three 
soldiers,  belonging  to  the  Pennsylvania  regiment,  com- 
•nanded  by  Col.  Ilubley,  were  executed  for  murdering 
au  inhabitant  of  that  place.  The  whole  of  the  troops 
on  the  ground  weie  ju'e^ont  at  this  melancholy  occasion." 

June  14 — Was  lirc:d  a  feu  de  Joie,  at  evening,  on 
account  of  a  victory  obtained  over  the  enemy  in  Soutii 
Carolina.  *  *  *  *  June  18 — ^The  whole  of 
the  aforementioned  troops  warmed,  by  firing  of  a  can- 
non; inarched  together,  with  the  pack-horses  and  bag- 
gage wagons,  at  four  o'clock  in  the  morning,  on  their 
way  to  Wyoming.  The  road,  for  tliis  day's  march,  was 
good;  encamped  at  Ilelliard's  (  Heller's)  tavern,  distant 
eleven  miles  from  Easton,  June  19 — Marched  to  Lar- 
ney's  (  Earner's)  tavern,  on  J-'okanose  (  Pocano)  point. ' 

This  township  is  watered  by  the  Bushkdl  creek,  wliicli 
rises  near  the  Wind  Gap,  at  the  foot  of  the  mountain, 
and  running  a  south-east  course,  falls  into  the  Delaware, 
about  one  hundred  rods  above  the  mouth  of  the  Lehigh. 
It  is  an  excellent  mill  stream.  There  are  three  grisi 
mills  and  four  saw  mills  in  this  township.  Tiiere  arc 
several  small  villages  in  il. 

•  Siilil'un's  Joiirnul  .jfMiifclic--, 
E 


p 


66  Hi3T0i;r  of  Northampton  county. 

Bellevi/lj,  consisting  of  five  dwellings  and  one  taveri,  % 

{Varihhurg,  on  the  road  from  Euston  to  tlie  Wini] 
Gap,  eight  miles  iYom  the  former,  and  four  from  the  lat- 
ter, consists  of  eiglit  dwellings,  one  store  and  several 
mechanics'  shops.  Near  it  is  a  Lutheran  German  ]{e< 
formed  church,  on  the  left  l)ank  of  the  Bushkill  creek, 

Johnsoiiville,  contiguous  to  Ward.sburg,  on  the  saiii-. 
road,  consists  of  fourteen  dwellings  and  one  tavern. 

The  po])uUition  of  the  township,  in  1820,  was  1.137, 
in  1830, 1,L'S5  ;  in  1840,  1,508.  Taxables,  in  1844,  37] 
County  rates  and  levies,  ^2:3,353;  real  estate,  hoi-:^es  [iii'i 
cattle,  !^31 3,445  ;  amount  of  state  tax,  ^707,90. 

Lehigh  toiunship  is  bounded  on  the  north,  by  Carbor. 
county;  on  thi;  east,  by  Moore  township;  on  the  ioulh 
by  Allen  township  ;  on  the  west,  by  the  Lebig(>  river 
which  seperates  it  from  Lehigh  county.  The  surface  is 
partly  hilly  and  partly  level;  soil,  limestone  and  ■x  great 
proportion  gravel,  but  considerably  improved.  As  thu 
IJiue  mountain  fornLs  the  nortiiern  boundry,  and  ih 
Lehigh  entering  it  on  the  west  of  that  part,  as  well  <!.;, 
towards  the  eastern  line,  by  the  l^iltle  (Jap,  ihrnug) 
which  a  road  leads  to  lierlinville,  is  considerably  brokon. 
This  township  is  pretty  well  watered  by  the  Leliigl. 
river  and  the  Indian  creek,  a  tributary  to  the  Ilcckei-.v 
doque.  There  are  six  grist  mills  and  three  saw  milU 
m  it. 

This  townshi})  was  wholly  abandoned  by  the  iuhuLi- 
tants  of  it,  some  time  in  1755  and  1756  ;  many  (jf  them 
fled  to  Bethlehiim  and    Nazareth,  to  seek  refuge  aiid 
protection  against  the  cruel  and  barbarous   ineursion;  ,^ 
and   depredations   of  the    Indian   savages.     Eonjaaiin  |* 
FrankUn,  on  his  way  from  JJethlehem  to  Griaden  Hiii-  ^ 
ters,  passed  through  this  township  in  Jamiary,  1 756  ;'  Lt;    '. 
was  accompanied  by  several  companies,  under  tiie  coin-  i^ 
mand  of  Foulk,  M'l.aughlin  and  Wayne.  |.' 

The  southern  ])art  of  this  township  embraces  a  portioij  IH 
of  country  formerly  Icnown  as  "  Indian  Landr  There  i' 
are  one  or  two  small  villages  in  it.  L 

BerlinvillC)  or  Lehighville,  is  on  the  road  from  Eusluii  if 


HISTOU^  OV  NOiiT'lAMPTON  COUNTF.  b7 

to  Mauch  Cliuiik,  iweiity-two  miles  t'roin  the  former, 
and  foLiiteeu  i'rom  tlie  ^tttti.  It  consists  of  a  cluster  ot 
sixteen  dwellings,  one  store  and  one  tavern.  It  is  cen- 
trally situated  in  il  c  tiAvnship,  and  two  miles  from  the 
Water  Oaj). 

Ckerryvilh,  so  cidlf  a,  from  Clicrrtf  Row  Lane,  con- 
sisthig  of  one  hundred  trees,  is  twenty  miles  from  Easioii, 
and  five  from  th.--  \7att  r  Gap ;  cojitains  six  dwellings, 
one  connnodiousaud  large  public  house.  About  a  Uiile 
west  of  it  is  the  well  known  "  Indian  Kirc/i,"^  or  Si. 
Puiilus  Kirch,  gegruendet  177'J,  Neuerbanet  1833;  a 
spacious  rough-cast  binldiug.  It  belongs  to  tlie  (Jerman 
Reformed  and  LiUherau: . 

The  population  of  this  township,  in  1820,  was  1,5.jO  ; 
in  1830,  1,()59;  in  181C,  2.0'\'J.  'faxables,  m  16-14, 
496.  County  rales  and  levies  on  prot'essions,  $66,678  ; 
on  real  estate,  horses  ani  caitle,  $317,775.  vXmounl  ot 
state  tax,  S777  37. 

"Moore  township  is  boimded  on  the  north,  by  Carbon 
and  Monroe  counties;  t;;).st,by  BushkiU  township;  south, 
by  Allen  and  Upper  N;czareth;  and  west,  by  Lehigh 
township.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  rolling;  gravel  soil, 
but  pretty  well    improved  and  tolerably  fertile.     It  is 

I  well  watered  by  the  sources  of  Manockacey  and  Hock- 
endocque  creeks.  The  lormer  of  these  stream^  rises  iu 
this  township,  and  runuing  soutliward,  falls  into  the 
lichigh  river  at  JJethlehe/n.  This  is  a  delightful  stream, 
and  in  its  course,  alford:  superior  mill-seats — u  number 
of  fine  mills  are  on  it.  There  are  five  grist  mills,  five 
saw  mills  and  two  fulling  mills  in  this  township.  There 
are  two  small  villages  in  it. 

Kernsville,  or  Peten^vlUe,  situated  between  the  lorks 
of  tlie  Hockendociiue,  in  the  south-west  angle  of  the 
townshi[),  consisiir-g  of  seven  dwellings,  two  stores  and 
a  grist  mill. 

Klecknersville,  a  [.o^t  village,  four  miles  north  of  Bath, 
consisting  of  sevoi'al  dwellings,  one  store  and  one  tavern. 

:i    The  country  around  i.s  gravel  soil,  but  well  improved. 
Th^   ,..>puluticni,  iU   1820.,  was   1,645;   1830,    1,853; 


\ 


63  HISTOKi'   Oi    NORTHAMPTON  COUNTY.  J 'i 

1840,2,381.'.  Taxablcs,  in  1844,606.  County  rales  and 
levies  on  jfrofe-ssions,  ^65,793;  on  real  estate,  iiortes  anij 
cattle,  S40C,i;lO.     Ainuiuit  of  state  tax,  $932  81. 


Saucon  tovjnship  is  bounded  on  the  north,  i;y  tl,t   . 
Lehigh  river;  oast,  l)y  Williams  township;  south-enfl   i'-^ 
by  Bucks  county;  south-west,  by  Saucon  townsliip,  in   l' 
Lehigh   county:  and    west,   by    Salisbury,   in    Lcliigh 
county.     The  sartace  of  the  country  is  hilly;  the  wiil  is     ' 
limestone  and  gravel,  and  generally  well  improved.     It  ; 
is  well  Weltered  by  the  I^ehigh  river,  Saucon  creek  ainl  .; 
its  tributailes.      The  Saucon  creek  rises  in  llpjar  'Mb-  ^ 
ford  township,  Leiiigh  county;  running  in  a  north-ea-storr  \ 
direction,  it  empties  into  the  Lehigh  river,  about  ,foiir  )| 
miles  below  Beiiilehern.     It  is  a  line  mill  stream;  therjj  Y 
are  several  mills  on  it.  ^| 

Hellerstoivn  is  quite  a  brisk  post  village,  situated  en  \\ 
the  south  side  of  Saucon  creek,  about  four  miles  soaili-  \\ 
east  of  Bethlehem.  It  contains  twenty-two  dwellings,  i] 
three  taverns,  three  stores  and  one  grist  mill.  Therfi  is  f  ' 
also  a  large  chinch  near  it,  belonging  to  the  Luther.ui  | 
and  Oermun  Reformed.  From  its  peculiar  situation fbw  |i 
inhabitants  were  measurably  secure  against  the  incii,'-  -^ 
sions  from  the  Indians,  during  the  French  and  Iiidiah  j^f 
war.  I 

The  population  of  tliis  township,  in  1820,  was  2,£0h ,  ' 
in  1830,  2,308;  in  1840,  2,710.  The  luimber  of  taxablf-:;,  I 
in  1844,  602.  County  rates  and  levies  on  professiGn'>j  I 
$95,526;  on  red  estate,  horses  and  cattle,  $l,i01.7i'>'i  { 
State  tax,  $6,612  67.  |j 

,  't 

Hanover  toioivihlp  is  a  very  small  township.  \\<.  \ 
greatest  length  is  only  two  miles  and  a  half,  and  greatest  I* 
width  two  miliy.  It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Allei;  f 
township,  on  the  east  and  south  by  Lehigh  couiity,  and  i, 
on  the  .soutlt-west  by  Bethlehem  township.  SueAicu  T] 
quite  level,  the  soil  limestone  and  well  improved,  Tlif  l-^ 
Monocl^accy  creek,  which  runs  along  the  southern  loan-  ^' 
dary  of  it,  drains  the  township.  Its  population  in  1820.  |^ 
'.yas  353;  in  1830,  348;  in  1840,  382;  and  its  taxr-We^  '^ 


HISTORY    OF   JJOJCDiAMPTON  COUNXr.  69 

^  ]  only  G5.  Tlie  early  liislory  of  this  township,  and  the 
sutTerings  of  its  iuhabitanis  were  identilied  with  those  of 
Uelhlehem  towiiiJiip,  and  the  adjoining  townships — to 
which  the  reader  is  referred.  The  taxbles  of  ItiAA, 
were  90.  County  rales  and  levies  on  professions,  $Hi,- 
213  ;  real  estate,  horses  and  cattle,  $218,640.     Amount 

i   ]   of  state  tax,  $Q15  '][>. 

~  i  Williams  towHHhip  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  the 
Lehigh  river,  east  by  the  Delaware  river,  south  by 
Bucks  and  Lehigh  counties,  and  on  tlie  west  by  Saucon 
township.  Nearly  tlie  whole  siu'face  is  covered  by  the 
Lehigh  hills,  or  South  mountain,  which  abound  in  iron 
ore  of  various  kinds.  Magnetic  iron  ore  is  found  in 
several  places  on  the  hills,  associated  with  the  primary 
rocks.  On  the  banks  jf  the  Lehigh,  a  {q\y  hundred 
yards  below  South  Easton,  a  mine  of  ore  has  been  late- 
ly opened.  The  ore  found  in  this  township  is  of  the 
best  quality,  a  large  (luantity  of  which  is  used  at  the 
Glendoii  Iron  Works,  where  sixty  tons  of  pig  iron  are 
weekly  ntanufaclured. 

r  /rhe  soil  of  this  town:.hij)  is  limestone  and  gravel.  It 
is  rich,  well  cultivated,  and  very  productive  of  wheat, 
corn  and  grass.  The  iownship  is  drained  by  Fray's 
Run,  which,  by  its  tributaries,  receives  the  waters  from 
the  north  and  the  south.     There  are  three  grist  mills 

tand  one  saw  mill  m  ihe  township,  besides  those  m 
South  Easton. 
South  Easton,  a  borough,  is  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Lehigh  river,  about  half  a  mile  above  the  borough 
of  Easton.  It  was  laid  out  and  established  by  the  Le- 
high Navigation  Company,  and  bids  fair  of  becoming  a 
great  manufacturing  place.  Many  of  the  houses  are 
brick,  and  it  presents  a  neat  and  brisk  appearance.  The 
present  populati()n  is  about  eight  hundred.  There  are 
in  it,  three  regular  stores^  besides  several  shops,  a  Metho- 
dist church,  and  Union  ckurck,  in  which  all  orthodox 
divines  are  allowed  to  preach.  At  present  it  is  occupied 
as  a  school  housg.  The  inhabitants  are  a  '•^  strict hj 
chw  r,.  ^;ioing  jJco}>li.*'     Business,  as  it  should  be,  of  all 


s- 


70  IIISTOUY    OF    NORTHAMPTON    COUNTY. 

kinds  is  siispiMid  on  the  Christian  Sabbath.     Canal  boats, 
1)eing  reckoned  ;;ui//r,  pass  on,  up  and  down, sercu  days 

in  the  week  i  !    Tiiere  arc  two  grist  mills,  two  sa^v  mills,  | 

and  several  faciorics  in  operation.  f  ^ 

Here  is  an  extensive  cotton  factory,  originally  slaiieti 

ill   1S36,  by  Messrs.  Swift  &  lireck,  at  an  expense  of  ^ '^ 

^^70,000.     About  a  year  ago  Edward  Quinn,  the  present  [' 

])roprietor,  conn-nenced  to  carry  on  the  factory  ;   iiaviiig  ^ , 

expended  within  the  past  year  ^^7,000  m  putting  it  into  ■;■> 
])erfect  irioi.      Mr.  Quinn  gives  employment  to  about 

ninety  hmds — lias  in  o|)eration  5,000  spindles,  in   spin-  [ 

mng  cotton  yaiii — prod\icing  monthly  20,000  iK)U)ids  of  '|  ; 

spun    yarn.        lie    expects   to    produce    shortly    l,ono  \  ■ 

l)ounds    daily.      All    this   yarn    is  assigned  to    Messrs,  |y 

Woodward  ii  Ikvinckel,  of  Philadelphia.     An  extensive  f 

machine  shop  is  connected  with  the  factory.  f . 

The  Le/iigh   f Forks,  or  rolling  mill,  of  considorabk  \-* 

magnitude,  owned  by  Messrs.  Rodenbougli,  Stewart  ik  *' 

Co.,  is  also  in  successfid   operation,  giving  empkyniciit  h 

to  fifty  hands,  day  and  night.    Wire  of  ditierent  l/mad"  '  ' 

or  tilamenLs,  and  nails  of  every  kind,  are  prodiici'd  in  '' 

great  (piantitie.s.     The  principal  part  of  the  mela!  iiscil,  "■; 

is  brought  from  Juniata  countv.  V.' 

Soutli  Easton    Furnace   or    Foundery,   owned    i.\  1 

Frederick  Gooddell,  of  Massachusetts,  and  managed  liy  t 
George  Freeborn,  is  also  in  successt'ull  operation.     Thi 


original  cost  of  it  was  4^^20,000— ])ut   in  ojierarioii  In  k 

May,  1844.     Ik  re  employment  is  given  to  fifty  hand^,  S 

engaged  in  various  kinds  of  castings,  such  as  gratt.s,  \ 

fenders, flat-irons.     'Phe  gross,  estimated  value  fur  184-1,  Jj 

will  be  about  ,S75,000.     Shortly  there  will  be  an  artkk  ^ 


en 
ft 
wi 

nuamfaciured  here  (at  present  imported)  to  supply  the 
American  demand,  to  at  least  ^75,000  during  next  year.  M 
This  small  item  will  be  in  favor  of  balance  of  t/ado,  to  ? 
be  put  down  en  '<  our  side  oj  accounts.'"'  fe 

A  few  ye,:r.s  ago,  Messrs.  James  M.  Porter  &  Ihoud-    r 
meadow,  <:.xiabli,shed  a  tstill  manufactory.     It   ■aT.s  un-    I, 


*Mr.  FieL-born  named  the  article  to  the  compiler,  but  v 
quest  tlial  it  should  no(  be  made  public  now.  It  is  tli 
.^pecijial.     "  Something  hangs  by,  and  (urm  on  it." 


r« 


HISTOnY  OF  KORTUAMPTON  COUNTY.  71 

successfully  in  operation — it  failed.  It  is  contemplated 
shortly  to  start  a  blasr  furnace  here. 

There  is  also  an  extensive  huilding  here,  in  whicli  the 
manufacturing  of  rifles  is  carried  on. 

Immediately  above  the  borough  of  South  Easton,  arc 
the  Glendon  Iron  IForks,  owned  by  Charles  Jackson, 
Jr.,  of  Boston,  managed  by  Mr.  Firmston  and  his  clerk, 
Mr.  E.  Rockwell.  One  furnace  has  been  in  successfid 
operation  for  some  tinu-;  using  for  smelthig,  anthracite 
coal  exclusively.  The  iron  ore  used  here,  is  red,  brown 
and  black  oxide  ol  iron,  obtained  in  Williams  townsliip. 
The  furnace  now  in  operation  ])roduces  ten  tons  of  jug 
iron  daily.  There  is  another  stack  or  furnace,  building; 
which,  when  comphjt;:d,  it  is  believed,  will  produce 
daily  fifteen  tons  of  }Hg  metal.  The  greatest  sucet's.s 
has  attended  the  trial  made,  on  the  most  extensive  scate, 
in  reducing  iron  ore  wiih  anthracite  coal.  It  is  now 
well  settled,  that  tliis  kind  of  coal  will  answer  exceeding- 
ly well  in  smelting  on,'. 

Here  is  also  a  small  hamlet,  consisting  of  eight  dwell- 
ings. 

,  IViUiaynsport  is  a  suiall  village,  on  the  right  bank  oi 
the  Delaware,  immediately  below  the  mouih  of  the  l^e- 
high  river,  hard  by  tin;  base  of  a  high  limestone  bluti', 
the  rocks  of  which  nearly  overhang  the  town.  It  con- 
sists of  some  fifteen  or  more  (U'dinary  buildings,  princi- 
pally one  story  high.  It  contains  two  taverns.  It  was 
completely  inundated  by  the  .lanuary  freshet  of  1841. 

Tlie  population  of  the  township  in  1820,  was  1,590  ; 
in  1830,  2,707;  in  1840,  exclusive  of  South  Easton, 
1,937.  Taxables  in  1844,  437.  County  rates  and  levies 
on  professions,  ;j572,3i)0  ;  on  real  estate,  horses  and  cattle, 
$493,005.  Amountof  Stale  tax,  $1,172  39.  The  taxa- 
bles in  South  Easton,  in  18  14,  were  191.  County  rates 
and  levies  on  professions,  S3t,513;  on  real  estate,  horses 
and  cattle,  $175,535;  state  tax,  $442  39. 

Bushkill  toionshij)  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Mon- 
roe county,  eayt  by  PiainAeld  township,  south  by  Uppoi 
Niw  ,;  '.th  to\v;iEinp,and  west  by  Moore  township.     The 


72  HISTORY  OF  NORTHAMPTON  COUNTV. 

surface  of  the  country  is  rather  thin;  the  soil  priucipaily 
of  a  white  gravel  with  some  red  shale,  pale  and  olivf 
slate.  Some  parts  of  it  have  been  rendered  very  pro- 
ductive. By  a  proper  course  of  culture,  it  may  still  •be 
much  improved.  The  Bushkill,  or  as  it  v.'as  fusj 
known,  "  The  Lehieton,'"  which  rises  near  the  Wii.d 
Gap,  at  the  foot  of  tiie  Blue  mountain,  traviTsi^s  ibis 
township  in  a  south  western  direction,  and  in  its  cour:^^ 
through  the  township,  receives  several  small  sfreauis. 
There  are  four  grist  mills,  and  four  saw  mills  in  it. 

The  inhabitants  of  this  township,  with  others  neat-  tli:' 
Gap,  were  greatly  exposed  ta  the  depredations  (jf  tiic 
Indians,  from  1754  to  1763.  Many  of  them  ft;  d  i'. 
Nazareth,  tool:  protection  there  under  the  JJrelhrcn., 
which  place  had  been  for  some  time  in  1755,  and  175';, 
under  the  protection  of  forces  coirmianded  by  Gupta ii: 
Anthony  Wayne,  Captain  Trum]),  and  Captam  Aslon, 
as  appears  from  a  letter  dated,  Bethleliem,  January  1 1. 
1756,  written  by  Benjamin  Franklin,  to  Governor  iVlor- 
ris :  "  Wayne's  com])any  we  found  posted  at  Na',^;uctli, 
agreeably  to  your  Honor's  orders.  The  day  after  my 
arrival  here,  (IJcUiledem,)  I  sent  o(f  two  wagons  ioruj-'d 
with  bread,  and  some  axes,  for  Trump  and  A.^lou,  io 
Nazareth,  escorted  by  Lieutenant  Davis,  and  twenty 
men  of  M'Laughlin's,  that  came  with  me.  I  ordered 
him  to  remain  at  Nazareth  to  guard  that  place,  v/hilc 
Captain  Wayne,  whose  men  were  Iresh,  })roceeded  with 
the  convoy  to  Guadenhuetlen.'^* 

There  are  tv;o  small  villages  in  this  tawnship,  Ed- 
munds and  Jacobsburg.  Tlie  former  is  a  post  village 
on  the  road  to  Smith's  Gap,  between  nine  and  ten  miles 
from  Easton.  It  contains  six  or  seven  dwellings^  and  a 
store. 

Jacobsburg,  A  post  village,  on  the  main  roail  fr  >ii. 
Nazareth  to  the  Wind  Gap,  eleven  miles  from  IC^ston. 
It  contains  one  store,  one  tavern,  eight  dwellings,  a  gris: 
mill,  a  furuuco,  formerly  owned  by  Matthew  S.  llenr^, 
now  belonging  to  Mr.  Sidney  Clay  well,  and  is  in  sue- 

*Proviiicial  fieccrdi. 


HISTORY  OF  NOIi'MIAMPTON  COUNTY.  73 

cessful  operation.     There  is  also  a  riile  factory  in  opera- 
tion in  this  township. 

The  population  of  this  township  in  1820,  was  1,262  ; 
in  18:^0,  1,402  ;  in  1810,  1,7HL  Taxahles  in  1844,  375. 
County  rates  and  levies  on  professions,  $5 1,653  ;  on 
real  estate,  horses  and  cattle,  $214,340.  Amount  of 
state  tax,  $500  55. 

Forks  toivnship.  so  mmed  from  its  locality,  being  in 
the  "  Forks  of  the  Delaware,'^  is  bounded  on  the  north 
by  Plainficld  and  Lowti  Moinit  Bethel  townships,  on 
(he  east  by  the  JJelawaro  river,  and  the  borough  of 
lEaston,  on  the  south  by  the  borough  and  the  Lehigh 
'river,  on  the  west  by  Upper  and  J^ower  Nazareth,  and 
Bethlehem  townships.  'J'lie  surface  is  generally  level  ; 
the  soil  limestone,  well  cultivated,  and  very  productive, 
though  parts  of  it  had  ben  not  more  than  thirty  years 
ago,  considered  a  "  L'arrcus." 

Passing,  it  may  here  be  stated  that  "  The  Forks  of 
the  Delaware/'  is  the  name  by  wluch,  a  century  ago, 
not  only  the  present  site  oi  Easton,  but  all  that  portion 
ofeounlry  included  betwet  nthe  JXilawarc  river  and  iho 
1-eliigh  river,  and  bounded  on  the  north  west  by  the 
Blue  mountain,  was  known.  This  beautiful  portion  of 
Northampton  county  was  occupied  by  a  part  of  tho 
Delaware  natives,  who  held  it  till  about  1737,  when 
Monockyhichan,  Lappawinzoe,  Teshakomen  and  Noo- 
timas,  Indian  Sachems,  relinguished  all  fnial  claims  ta 
diichard  and  Thomas  Peiin,  sons  of  William  Penn,  tho 
founder  of  Pennsylvania. 

Tliis  township  is  draiiu.'d  by  the  Bushkill  creek,  and 
several  of  its  tributaries,  and  is  traversed  by  a  number 
of  roads  radiating  iVom  Easton  to  the  several  Gap.s^ 
towns  and  villages.  Occasionally  tlje  traveller  will  meet 
with  finger  boards — "7b  J'iul  Cap'' — "7*0  ftlji 
Cap" — "  7b  Binl  Cy(fc.''  There  are  seven  flouring 
mills  and  three  grist  mills  in  this  township. 

Stockersville,  a  post  village,  is  on  the  right  bank  of  tho 
Little  Bushkill,  seven  miles  from  Easton,  consisthig  of 
nine  dv  i  llings,  ouc   tavern,  two  stores,  two  lumber 


74  HliTOliV     OF    NORTHAMPTON    COUNTF. 

yards;  a  mill  contiguous  to  it  on  the  left  bank  of  ili- 
Little  ilu.shkilL  wliicli  is  crossed  here  by  a  pcrn-ia.iei^i 
stone  bridge.     The  village  is  in  a  very  fertile  plain 

The  population  of  this  township  m  1820,  was  l  u" 
in  1830,  1,9S9  ;  ni  ISIO,  2,16U.     Taxables  in  16-14^^'^' 
County    ralfs    and  levies  on  professions,  $13-4,300:  on 
real  esuUc,  Ur>rscs  and  cattle,  $1,223,010.     Auiumn  u' 
state  tav,  ;:-2,S:J2   50. 

J.owcr  Nazareth  township,  so  named  aft.r  Nc~.,. 
rcth,  wl.rre  tl..-  ]{...v.  (leerge  ^Vhilrleld  i)nn:l.asea  • 
parcel  of  g!;)i:iid  m  17'10,  and  connnenced  lu  rivrt 
large  stone  house,  with  the  intention  of  estahli'-hin"  i 
Iree  school  lot  negro  children.*  It  is  bomidcj  ou  Tl. 
north  by  Upp,,r  Nazareth  township,  on  the  .  ;i^t  b 
Forks  township,  on  the  south  by  J5otlilehein,  and  oh  ik 
west  by  Allen  township. 

The  surface  of  this  township  is  level ;  the  scil    Jiai. 
stone,  and  well  improved  by  a  judicious  course  ufcn,';^ 
and  careJul  culuire,  and  very  productive.     It  is  drauK-t 
by  tiie  MouoiKicey  cicek,  which  atlords  some   .in.'  lai" 
seats.     Then;  arc  live  grist  mills,  and  live  saw    mills ,.,  1 
ihis  townslni..     There  are  several  small  towns  in  u.        ] 

Hechtuwn,  a  post  village,  is  handsomely  locair^d  .  ^ 
the  road  from  Bethlehem  to  the  Wind  Gap,  seven  mil 
from  Easton,  mikI  mne  from  Bethlehem.  It  coiUu: 
hlteen  dwellm-s,  one  tavern,  one  store,  a  Lutlu-ia/i  ai 
(-.erman  KeU;rmed  Church,  called  the  "  Dn^  f^ai 
Church.^'  'i'h,!  country  around  the  village  is  wclli.,, 
proved.  ' '    [ 

yewberi^,   ir.ur   miles  from   Bath,   and   sev,  li    hoji,  \ 
Kaston,   IS   m    a    highly    improved    limestone  couiiuy   ) 

•Heckewelders  Narra.ive.  p.  18.  N.  B.  In  a  journal  wriuer  i> 
iTnoiicH      ''''™'  ^^'''''"'^"''^  companion  in  lravell,ng,  ■!,,•  (oUowing 

"April  2-,  1710-Agieed  with  Mr.  Allen  for  five  tliou  ..nd  .cr  o 
of  the  hiiKi  on  ti.e  Fnrks  of  the  Delaware,  at  £2  200  M-rJu.o  ■  '\ , 
conveyance  u.  be  made  to  Mr.  WluUield,  and  after  that  a-.i^Med  lu 
tue.  u.  .ecualy  lormy  advancin;,^  the  money.  Mr.  Whitfield  propose, 
-oj^ivc  or.  ers-  (or  b..I,],n<r  the  Ne^ro  school  on  the  purchased  int.  I 
LeK,rc  i^e  Ic-ve.  the  province."- J/e.«o(Vs  of  Whit/uld,  p.  .^(J, 


■lO? 


HISTOnY  OF  NORTHAMPTON    COUNTY. 


Contains  ten  or  eleven  dwellings,  one  store  and  a  tavern. 
The  population  of  this  township  in  1820,  was  1,084  ; 
in  1830, 1,204  ;  in  1S40,  1,201.  Taxables  in  1844,  305. 
County  rates  and  b'viea  on  professions,  $38,860  ;  on  real 
estate,  horses  and  cattle,  8027,280.  Amount  of  stale 
tax,  !ii2,08l    11. 

Upper  Nazareih  township  is  hounded  on  the  north 
by  Moore  township,  on  the  east  hy  Forks  township,  on 
the  south  by  Lower  Nazareth,  and  on  the  west  by  Allen 
township.  I'he  surface  is,  in  many  places  level,  but 
generally,  rolling.  I'ho  soil  slate  and  gravel,  and  ren- 
dered very  productive.  It  is  watered  by  two  branches 
of  the  Monockiccy  creclv. 

"  There  is  a  small  slate  quarry  wliich  has  been  occa- 
sionally worked,  lying  about  one  mile  and  a  iialf  west 
of  the  town  of  Nazarciii.  In  the  neighborhood  of  Na- 
zaretli,  which  is  on  the  line  dividing  the  slale  from  the 
limestone  Ibrmation,  a  material  is  i)rocluced,  which  an- 
swers well  the  ordinary  i)urj)oses  o{  blade  paint.  This 
appears  to  be  simply  a  more  than  usnally  carbonaceous 
black  and  soft  variety  oi  the  slate,  occurring  near  tin 
base  of  the  Ibrmation,  a  little  above  its  contact  with  tin' 
limestone.     It  occurs  also  further  cast  on  the  Ikishkill.^' 

There  are  several  prominent  Moravian  settlements  in 
this  township,  which  will  be  noticed  below.  The  po])- 
ulationof  the  township  in  1820,  was  603;  in  1830,  942; 
in  1840,  1,118.  Taxables  in  1844,230.  County  rales 
and  levies  on  profession s,  ^31, 360  ;  on  real  estate,  horses 
and  cattle,  :&372,485.     Amount  of  state  tax,*934  74. 

The  Moravian  settlements  are  Nazareth,  Schoeneck, 
.Christian,  I5rumi,  and  Gnaderethal,  alt  within  the  vicin- 
ity of  the  iirst  named. 

.  Nazaretti,  on  the  head  of  a  small  branch  of  the  liush- 
kill  creek,  is  the  next  to  the  principal  Moravian  settle- 
ment in  this  county.  Its  eady  history  is  identified  will; 
the  history  of  llie  comity.  George  Whitfield,  a  cele- 
brated divine,  and  ibundor  of  the  Calvinistic  Methodist'  , 
sailed  for  Georgia  i)i  1737,  where  he  remained  two  yeai':;, 
retUi.-  1  to    England,  and   soon   afterwards   agahi   to 


;  I 

76  ni.-iTonx  oc  noutiiampton  countv.  |>' 

America,  :ui:l  made  a  tour  through  several  of  thu  prov-  p 
uices;  and  m   17  10  pureha.sed  a  tract  of  land,    .vilhit,      ' 

this  township,  Av-iih  the   mte/ition  of  establLshhi'^  a  [-,■  *'  ■ 

school  lor  negro  children,  wliere  he  laid  the  toundntioi  '  '' 

lor  a  largo  stone  house,  which  he  expected  the  Moravian  H 

Brethren,  lor  some  had  been  induced  on  his  invitation  I' 

to  setde  here,  to  finish  the  building  which  he  hac^  com-  \ 

menced,  though  attended  with  great  danger  on  ac:.ouni  * 

of  the  Indians,  v/ho  liad  refused  to  quit  the  country,  and  j 

threatened  to  murder  the  ]]rethren.     Whitfield  liad  Ird  I 

the  lomidaiion  ,4"  the  house,  and  called  the  place  Naza-  V 

reth,  Iroui  whj,.li,  atierwards,  the  whole  manor  iv-reived  { 

Its  name.     Tlie  Jiretliren  having  erected  the  wails  or,.  I 

story  high,  they  were  nevertheless  obliged  to   le.^vr  tho  .d 

pla/;e  m  1710.      Whitfield  had  in  the  mean  time  poi-  ^ 

Jo  Georgia.     Th,.  lir.ithrenhad  another  ofier  made  them  i" 

by  a  respectable  merchant,  of  a  piece  of  land,  when-  '  ' 

liethlehem  now  is.     Some  time  afterwards,  Whitfidr}  i 

otleredthem  the.  man<n- of  Nazareth  in  17-L%  to'-dir-r  * 
with  the  uiifinisli,,-d  building,  which  they  accepted.'^  Tin 

(lilliculties  with  (lie  Indians  were  settled  partly  bvcom-  , 

promise,  and  by   treaty  with  the   Five  Nations.'    Tli,  i 

lioiise  was  finished,  and  Nazareth  became  by  decrees';,  i' 

very  pleasant  selilement.^-  | 

On  the  eastern   border  of  the   village,  the    ori'^ind  I 

house  commenced  by  Whitfield,  is  still  standhig,   ^t  i.s  : 

a  large  antique  edifice,  built  of  limestone,  with  a  iii.^li  .'• 

root,  and  has  a  bride  hand  in  tlie  wall,  to  mark  hmv  - 

Aln    r'V;  '   "'^  ^^"^'^  ^'^'^^^^^^  ^^  tl^^'  property  or  house 
w.^i"^'  '•  .  ^'  '"^''■'"  d'^fi"^t>y  tlie  height  or  limits  of 

U  Intfield  s  labor.     AVhen  the  ]Jrethren  had  finished  the  Z 
house,  It  was  aj^propriated  as  a   place  of  worship    m 

1744.     It  IS  at  present  occupied  by  four  families,  two  ; 

widovvs,  and  two  other  families.     This  house,  or  spot  - 

IS  locally  called,  ^'  Ephruta:'     .  ^     '  V, 

Nazareth  was,duringl754,'55,'56,a  place  of  reluee  i' 
lor  the  mhabitanis  of  neighboring  townships,  who  had  V 
lied  to  escape  being  murdered  by  the  Indians.     In  1 75t],    ?  ' 

'Craniz'  Bfi.eclLTlIisir.rie.  n.  340      T.,..l.;«i  t   ..    m....       ,.■..,  ^- 


1: 


aider's  Nar.uive,  ji,   18,   I'j 


e,  p.  349.     Loskiel  I.  p.  16;  aua  ii 


HISTORY    or    NOK'niAMPTON    COUNTY.  77 

Captain  Wayne,  dpiaiu  Trump  and  Captain  Aston, 
were  stationed  heie  witli  companies  each.  These  were 
days  of  suffering — many  of  tiie  soldiers  "were  without 
shoes,  stockings,  blankets  or  arms."* 
-  Not  only  was  Nazareth  a  place  of  refuge  for  the 
wliites,  but  on  several  occasions  for  the  friendly  Indians. 
Tiie  christianized  Indians  at  Wequetank,  having  been 
threatened  to  be  niurdored  in  October,  1763,  were  re- 
moved to  Nazareth.  Wequetardc  was  about  thirty  miles 
from  Bethlehem. 

In  the  vicinity,  imrth-oast  from  Nazareth,  was  a  jilace 
called  the  lio.sc,  uiioro  many  refugees  took  slielter. 
i  if  Loskiel,  speaking  in  relation  to  these  refugees,  says  : 
h  "  As  long  as  there  was  room,  these  poor  fugitives  were 
i  f  protected  and  fed.  Na/.aredi,  Friedensthal,  Christian 
Brunn  and  the  Hose,  were  at  lliis  time,  1755,  considered 
as  asylums  for  all  who  Tied  from  the  murder  and  rapine 
of  hostile  Indians  ;  and  the  empty  school  houses  and 
mills  were  allotted  to  thtjm  for  a  temporary  residence."! 
•  At  present  Nazareth  is  a  post  village,  inhabited  by 
Moravians.     It  is  a  very  pretty,  neat  village,  Xan  milts 

P  north  of  liethlehiun,  and  seven  nortli-west  of  Easton,  on 
the  turnpike  road  to  U'ilksbarre,  principally  built  on 
two  streets,  forming  a  right  angle  to  the  south  and  west. 
The  ground  on  which  the  town  is  built,  descends  to  the 
south,  and  the  houses  are  generally  of  stone;  many  of 
them  only  one  story  high.  They  are  built  close,  and 
the  streets  are  paved — on  each  side  a  footway.  The 
public  buildhigs  are  a  church  and  seminary  for  boys 
The  church  is  a  spacious  stone  building,  rough  east.  It 
cost  seven  thousand  dollars.  Some  splendid  paintings 
from  the  ])encil  of  the  liev.  T.  V.  llaidt,  are  preserved 
in  one  of  the  rooms.  The  school  is  at  present  under  the 
care  of  the  Rev,  Jacohson,  numbering  about  fifty 
scholars.  Every  thing  that  renders  a  school  attractive, 
is  to  be  found  licr;'.  The  scenery  of  the  place  can  vie 
with  any  in  the  state.    The  JJoys'  Retreat,  or  the  Shad\ 

•Benjamin  Franklin's  leiiei  lo  (iov.  Morris,  January  14,  1756. 
jLobl  id's  History, Pait  I.  p.  175,  17G. 


78  HISTORS    OF   NOUTIIAMPTON   COUNTV. 

Grove,  is  very  inviting.     There  is  also  a  sister's  iioi; 
here  ;  several  .-lores  and  a  tavern.      Tiie  poulation  ii; 
about  500. 

As  a  place  of  resort,  Nazareth  presents  many  u.dii; 
ineuts  to  ll'.e  visiter.     About  a  mile  Irom  the  vlUago,  i 
a  deep  shady  glen,  a  medicinal  spring  gushes  out  iVo) 
a  slate  rock.     A  delightful  summer  retreat. 

ShosHL-ck  was  commenced  1760.     It  is  about  one-hu 
mile  nordi  of  Nazareth;  consisting  of  nine  or  ten  dwell- 
ing.>,  aiid  a  Moravian  chm-ch. 

Giuidi-nthal  was  connnenced  about  the  year  nil' 
The  site  of  tiio  county  Poor  House  is  here.  It  is  aooi;; 
one  mile  from  Nazareth. 

Christian  IJrunu,  two  miles  south-west  of  Nazareii.; 
was  commenced  about  the  same  lime  with  Guadenth-\l; 
it  consist.'?  of  se/eral  farm  houses.  These  are  all  Mora- 
vian communiues. 

Bethlehem  township  is  bounded  on  thenorthwuid  f;. 
Nazareth  township,  eastward  by  Moore  township,  soulli 
ward  by  the  river  Lehigh,  and  westward  by  Ilraiovc- 
township  and  die  Monockicey  creek.  It  rec-ivoi  i!.- 
name  from  the  village  of  liethlehem,  founded  m  1711 
by  the  Moravian  lirethren.  The  surface  of  the  country 
i.s  rolhng;  limestone  soil,  and  liighly  improved,  and  ve;y 
productive.  It  is  watered  by  the  Lehigh  river,  and 
MonockicL'y  crock,  which  afford  considerable  wati  ■ 
power.  There  are  eight  or  ten  mills  in  ttiis  tov;'iishi[). 
Besides  Hethlehem,  the  chief  village,  there  arc  seven.! 
others,  of  whicn  an  account  will  be  given  below.  TIk' 
population  of  this  township  in  1820,  was  l,S(iO;  in  lfc3(). 
2,430  ;  in  1840,  2,983.  Taxables  in  1844,  G88.  County 
rates  and  levies  on  professions,  $104,333;  on  real  cstat.;. 
horses  and  cattle,  ijjl, 047,220.  Amount  of  st;Ue  tax. 
€i3,l94   U2. 

Frcenuinsbur-',  two  miles  below  Bethlehem,  on  ih^' 
left  banlv  of  tiu  Lehigh  river,  is  a  very  neat  village. 
commenced  son.fe  ten  or  twelve  years  ago,  consisting  of 
lil\ecn  dwellings,  ])i-incipally  of  brick,  one  tavern,  an 
ncudcnjy  or  school  .house  of  brick,  a  storing  lu;ase  ;uid 


HISTORY    Of    NO?.T HAMPTON    COUNTY,  79 

[several  shops;  a  mill  and  store  contiguous  to  it.  There 
f  is  a  bridge  across  the  river  at  this  place.  Tliis  place 
^sutlered  considerab'y  by  ilu  great  freshet  in  January, 
1841.  Among  those  wlio  lost  considerable,  is  John 
Warg,  having  lost  a  large  quantity  ot"  stone  coal,  lum- 
[ber  and  u  canal  boat. 

Bethlehem  is  situcaed  om  tlic  north  side  of  the  Lehigli 
river,  a  branch  of  thi  j)>:laware,  twelve  miles  above 
Easton,  and  iifty-oue  lanih  of  Philadelphia,  and  is  one 
of  the  earliest  principal  seidenients  of  the  Moravians  or 
United  lirethren,  in  the  United  States.    As  early  as  1735, 
the  Moravians  directed  then-  aitv.-ntion  to  the  New  World, 
ifonning  at  that  time  a  colony  in  Georgia.     Adverse  cir- 
cumstances induced  them  to  leave  that  and  accept  an 
[otler  made  them  from  the  iiev.  George  Whitfield,  to  aid 
jliim  in  improving  a  tract  (/f  land  he  had  purchased    m 
fpennsylvania, called  Nazarclh,  by  him  ;  but  a  diilerence 
[of  opinion  terminated  the  engagement.   At  this  juncture, 
1740,  a  respectable  merch'jut  olfered  to  sell  them  a  piece 
of  land,  at  the  present  site  of  Bethlehem,  and   David 
Nifschmatiy  arriving  in  17  10,  with  a  company  of  brethren 
and  sistt;rs  iVom  Enro])e,  ;hey  resolved  unanimously  to 
purchase  the  tract   oi  land    olicred  them,  and  make  a 
permanent  settlement  here.     It  was  wild  and  a  Ibrest, 
at  a  distance  of  fifty  miles  from  the  nearest  town,  and 
only  two  houses  occui)ied  by  white  people,  about  two 
miles  up  the  Lehigh,  in  all  this  region.     No  other  dwell- 
ings were  to  be  seen  in  the  whole  country,  except  the 
scattered  huts  or  wigwams  of  Indians.     Mere  they  com- 
menced a  setdemenl,  and  built  the  village,  which,  by 
accessions  from  Europe,  increased  gradually.* 

Bethleliem  is  handsomly  situated,  on  a  rising  hill — it 
is  parlicukirly  romantic.  The  scenery  is  unsurj)assed 
by  any  in  Pennsylvania,  'fhe  Lehigh  river  and  Mo- 
nockicey  creek, atford  extensive  water  power  for  milling 
and  other  manutacturing  purposes.  The  Lebigh  canal, 
passing  through  the  lowcx  part  of  the  town,  alfords  great 

•Loskiel's  Histury,  fK\rt  1,  p.  16.  See  also  David  Crantz'  Neue 
Brueder  HiiiDrie  V.  Abschniu,  §  'J8,  n.  318. 


80  ■in.TOIiV    OF    NORTHAMPTON    COUNTY. 

tilul   pie,„,.e.,„e  and  ox.ended  vVwf  ,,:/">! ''^:;''- 

nrthl  ^'^'^^^^'^^''^  '"ly  ^^'J»«re  1,1  tlii.s  country.     J;  ■•  lu 
ol  the  church,  .re  a  nuniber  of  portraits  of  dist^  vm        i 
missionaries  and  ministers    viz-     or  r^  "      l"'^ 

Martin  Mack,  ii-ederiei^Aianain,  R  c'  ^^"t ' 
aeus,  Johann  Arboe,  David  Zeisher^e^  A    P^  Th  Jj ; '  \ 

//aid/.         ^  "'"  ""^  iii^sfer  j,c-,icii  „;   j;  /■,  j 

ladierclblhwr'^'™''™'»"'-'J"'S^'='>»'''  '■'■  V"a...  I 

iciuics,    LSldOllSl'.Cd     SlliCP     17S«      .,,■,, I     ;,  .        ;•-"'"'-     ' 

auasyhnnin   ]^:^d^  *\;;;^";"'^«^  «^  widows  fin,l  | 
oia  agt. ,  and  m  another  unnuuiied  \ 

r^'h^'T  t"v'-"".,;i  wooden  building;  aaerwar.i:;  u  vr. 
appartmeats  Tor  \h'ermn,[,^''^T  'n'*""  P'^'^'^ent  one.  1-  contain?  i 
came  neccss^Z^T^Z^e^  ''■  Y'""  ^  '^^^'^  '-'^'^^  bt- 
thre^  ,0  f.n,-  btm.lred  person  Thl'  ^  ''  ^'^'^''"^"^""..in,.  froM 
«arge  builcling  u'as  ended  P'""'"^'  ^""  '™^"'  "'*^  P'--eia    | 


.?  HISTORV    or    NORTHAMPTON    COUNTY.  SI 

women,  chiefly  likewi^jc  of  advanced  age,board  together, 
under  proper  regnl  itioiis,  and  the  guardianship  of  the 
society.  Here  is  also  a  Brothers'  house,  where  those 
wlio  choose  to  continue  tlie  state  of  single  blessedness, 
can  do  so,  and  slill  gLiiu  an  independent  support. 

The  Corpse  House,  wiiere,  on  the  decease  of  a  mem- 
ber of  the  sociery,  the  C(>rj)se  is  dei)osited  for  three  days, 
is  wortliy  of  a  notice.  \V  hen  a  death  occurs,  a  part  of  tlie 
choir  ascend  tlie  cliurch  cup(:>la  or  steeple,  when  a  requi- 
em or  funeral  liyrin  is  played  for  tlie  departed^  and  the 
melancholy  notes  as  they  fail  on  the  ear  in  a  calm  morn- 
ing, are  ])cciiliariy  solenm  iiud  impressive.  The  body, 
on  the  third  day,  is  removed  liom  the  corpse  house,  the 
mourners  place  themselves  around  it,  and  after  several 
strains  of  solunm  music,  the  ])rocession  forjns  a  line  oi 
inarch  to  the  grave,  preceded  by  the  band,  still  playing, 
which  is  continued  seme  time  after  the  colfin  is  de- 
posited. 

,  Tlie  grave  yard,  thouuh  studiously  avoided  by  many, 
is  worthy  tlie  attention  of  the  visiter,  as  well  as  other 
parts  of  the  village,  it  is  kept  with  perfect  neatness. 
The  graves  are  m  rou's.  On  each  grave  is  placed  a 
marble  slab,  or  otlun- stone,  of  about  lifteen  inches  square, 
on  which  is  engraved  the  name  of  the  deceased  ;  the  date 
of  his  birth  and  death.  The  visiter  looks  in  vain  for 
sculptured  monuments  reared  over  the  cold  clay  of  the 
departed,  with  labored  p.uiegyrics  upon  the  distinguished 
characters  of  tlie  dejKirted.  Instead  of  these,  the 
blocks  of  "cold  pule  m;nble,"  or  hewn  sand  stone,  with 
a  simple  inscription  murk  the  place  of  the  remains  of 
the  departed. 

The  poetical  elTusions  of  Mrs.  E.  C.  Embury,  touch- 
ing tiie  Moravian  burial  ground  at  Bethelehem,  may 
iifFord  the  reader  some  idea  of  impressions  created  on 
visiting  this  place  : 

When  in  the  sliadov/  of  the  tomb 

This  heart  shall  rest. 
Oh  !  lay  n\e  where  spring  flowrets  bloom 

On  earth's  bright  breast. 
F 


8^  nUTORY    Of    NORTHAMPTON    COUNTV. 

Olil  ne'er  in  vaulted  chambers  lay 

My  1103 less  form  ; 
Seek  not  such  mean,  worthless  prey 

To  cheat  the  worm. 

hi  this  sweet  city  of  the  dead 

r  fain  would  sleep, 
Whore  flowers  may  deck  my  narrow  bod, 

And  tiightnlews  weep. 

But  raise  not  the  sepulchral  stone 

I'o  nvdik  ihe  spot ; 
Enougli,  if  by  thy  heart  alone 

"ris  ne'er  forgot. 

On  a  visit  to  this  place  in  October,  1844,  the-    vnti 
copied,  among  others,  the  following  epitaphs  : 

.•    .    .  ISAAC 

OLAPAWANAMEN, 

•  ■."■'  of  Shecomcco. 

''  Jiap.  a.  1743. 

Dep.  Aug.  2nd,  1746. 

SALOME 

OF 

Shecomeco, 

wife  of 
JOSHUA. 
"-    '.  ■'  s       Departed  Sept.  21  thy 

1746. 

THOMAS 
PECHTOWAPPH), 

a  Mohican 

OF 

Shecomeco. 

Dep., 

Aug.  27t]i,  1746, 


HISTORy^    CV    NORTH  A.MPTON    COUNTY.  83 

'    ^'  I/i  nieniory  of 

Tseboop,  a  Mohican  Indian,  ('•  '  ■••> 

who  in  holy  baptism,  April  16th,   .'• 
.   •-  1742.  received  the  name  of        '     ' 

JOHN; 
One  of  tl'o  first  I'ruits  of  the 
missioii  ;il  Shecomeco,  and  a  ,  .    ■ 

remarkabie  instance  of  the  power 

of  divine  grace,  whereby  he         ■■..■. 

became    a   distinguished   teacher 

among  his  nation. 

He  departed  this  life  m  fall 

assurance  of  faith,  at  liethlehem, 

Augirit  27th,  1746. 

*'  There  shall  be  one  fold  and  one     '.   ' 

'■  ,.  .  ■         Shepherd." — JoAw  x,  16         •      .a 

These  were  all  Indians.  Tsehoop  was  a  distinguished 
teacher  among  the  sons  of  the  forest. 

Among  many  others  of  men  of  distinction,  may  be 
found  tliat  of  tiie  piout.  and  learned  Rev.  John  Hecke- 
welder,  who  was  borji  A.  1).  1743,  and  died  m  1823. 
He  was  many  years  a  ;nissionary  among  the  Delaware 
and  Mohegan  Indians.  He  is  author  of  a  Narative 
of  the  Mission  of  the  Uoited  Brethren  among  the  Dela- 
ware and  Mohegan  Indians,  from  its  comencement,  in 
the  year  1740,  to  the  close  of  the  year  1810. 

Here  is  also  a  MLii<eam  of  the  Young  Men's  Mission- 
ary Society,  containiiig  a  well  selected  cabinet  of  minerals, 
and  a  pretty  extensive  c;>lleclion  of  natural  and  artificial 
curiosities,  collected  aid  sent  in  by  the  missionary 
brethren,  from  all  parta  of  the  world. 

The  town  is  adeqnaiely  supplied  with  good  water 
from  a  copious  springs  Situated  at  the  foot  of  a  hill,  car- 
ried up  one  bundled  and  fovnteen  feet,  perpendicularly, 
to  a  reservoir  on  its  siimmit,  by  forcing  pumps,  in  iron 
pipes,  worked  by  the  Manokecey  creek,  and  thence  dis- 
tributed into  every  tnreet.  The  same  creek  allbrd:; 
adei^i'. '  t:;  water  powci  to  several  mills. 


84  nisTOHY  or  Northampton  county.  k 

There  are  three  hotels  in  the  place  ;  two  of  theni  very  | 
.spacious.  Mr.  T.  Riipp  keeps  one  of  these.  His  house  > 
is  very  large,  three  stories  high,  and  commands  a  fins  | 
view  of  the  coanlry.  It  belongs  to  the  society.  Tlierc-  i 
are  live  stores  in  the  place,  a'  paper  mill,  grisi  mill.  | 
woolen  and  :o1,ton  factory,  an  iron  foundry  and  a  nii^rkel  I 
house  ;  the  population  about  twelve  lauidred,  wi-eTfo!  f 
one  thous'ind  mc-  Moravians.  There  is  a  bridge  over  | 
the  Lehigh  ticrr.  Most  of  the  usual  mechanical  iradcs  | 
arc  carri.'-(]  on.  In  tlie  vicinity  of  the  ])lace  are  several  i 
vineyard';  ^ 

The  liDii.t  -I'i.cie  U(aieral  hn  Fayette  lay,  duiing  l:i^  v 
recovery  from  ilie  wound  lie  had  received  at  the  hatfif  | 
oi'  Brandy  wine,  Seplember  ]lth,  1777,  is  still  standing:  % 
and  the  vvdrnari,  vvlio  acted  as  nurse  to  the  old  (iejicrnl.  : 
is  still  living  in  (he  Sister  houses — slie  was,  at  lea.'l,  i^orrc  >' 
few  years  ago.  | 

This  place  suffered  some  damage  from  the  iieslui. 
January  8t[j,  and  i)tlj,  18-11.  Along  Water  street,  Soul|. 
Bethleheni,  the  wat<;r  tbrced  its  way  irUo  the  .iec.jrK! 
story  of  some  d  .vellmgs,  the  inmates  in  one  of  whiol!. 
were  rescued  from  a  watery  grave,  by  means  o[  Hm^ 
and  canoes.  'I'nnothy  Weiss  &.  Co.  sustained  a  -oi:- 
siderable  loss;  the  greater  })art  of  the  lumber  yard  wi^ 
swept  away.  The  t)ridgo  company,  besides  the  if  sj^  oi 
the  bridge,  lost  a  large  quantity  of  dry  board;  Nif, 
Doster's  saw  rniil,  fulling  mill,  dye-house,  weaver  ,^hoj\ 
machinery,  &c.  were  greatly  injured  ;  his  loss  was  cor  - 
siderable.  Mr.  Beckel's  foundry  was  much  dairi..LH;' 
A  small  brick  tajuse,  and  a  large  quantity  of  stone  crci 
the  property  of  Henry  Goundie,  were  swept  away.  Mr, 
Owen  Rice's  cooper-shop  was  injured,  and  its  cojjient'. 
consisting  of  two  hundred  Hour  barrels,  were  carried  tn 
The  Anchor  hotel  of  Mr.  Heisser,  was  in  great  darig^'. 
of  being  swept  away.  The  iiethlehem  Pleasun;  (kr- 
den,  for  girls*  play  ground,  was  laid  waste.  The  damrg. 
done  to  pro{>eity  of  alt  kinds,  along  tlie  Lelnn.h  v.:m 
Monokissy,  was  great. 

Bethlrhon,  and  its  vicinity,  from  its  earlie-L  fielii'- 
.nent,  and  foi  ■naj-ry  years  afterwards,  was  the  uvi-:u  n 


HISTORr    or    iNORi'li.AMPTON    COUNTS.  85 

many  an  interesting  incident,  ami  the  place  of  refuge  for 
many  oppressed  and  marked  victims  of  cruelty.  It  is  so 
full  of  mteresting  occurrences,  implicated  with  the  general 
history  of  the  couniry,  and  early  efforts  of  missionary 
enterprizes,  that  to  relate  a  i'ew,  in  tfiis  place,  is  not 
deemed  inapproju'iUo. 

As  early  as  1742,  Jictidehom  was  visited  by  that  dis- 
tinguislied  minister  of  tlie  gospel,  Count  Zinzendorf; 
while  here,  in  compajry  wiUi  his  daughter,  Benigna,  he 
visited  the  ladiLii  villv-es  m  the  neiglijDoriiood.  His 
first  visit  was  to  P.il-u,:  a  distinguished  Indian,  who 
lived  near  Nazareth.  He  iound  Patemi  remarkabl\ 
quiet  and  modest,  who  had  regulated  his  economical 
11  alfairs  much  in  the  European  style.  The  Count  also 
"I  visited  Clistowacka,  an  Indian  town,  inhabued  chielly 
by  Delawares.  He  called  on  an  old  Indian,  wdiom  the 
people  called  a  priest,  ;ind  whose  grandson  was  sick 
unto  death.  The  Cou'it  prayed  lor  tlie  child,  recom 
mending  him  to  his  great  Creator  and  Redeemer.  Ik- 
next  extended  his  tour  beyond  the  Blue  mountains,  (hi 
(his  tour,  a  Mr.  Remberger,  a  European  trader,  kindly 
accomi)anied  the  Count,  The  jilaces  he  visited,  beyond 
the  mountains,  were  Pochapuehkung  and  Meniolago- 
mekah,  not  far  above  Ouaden  Huetten,  or  Fort  Allen, 
in  Mahony  valley.  He  also  extended  his  tour  to  Tul- 
pehocken,  the  residence  of  that  eminent  and  useful  man, 
Conrad  Weiser,  near  the  present  she  of  Womelsdorf, 
Berks  county. 

At  Betlilehem,  many  of  the  believing  Indians  were 
baptized.  It  became  a  central  and  controlling  station, 
from  which  missionaries,  and  the  brethren,  generally, 
received  instructions  from  the  elders,  on  their  departure 
to  their  ditferent  out-posts.  In  1746,  it  was  the  refuge 
of  the  persecuted  IndiLuis,  from  Shekomeko,  an  Indian 
village,  bordering  aa  Couneoiicatt,  near  the  Stissik  moun 
lain,  among  whom  the  pious  christian,  Henry  Raudu 
had  labore  1  whh  much  success.  The  poor  Indians,  to 
tlee  from  those  who  had  meditated  their  exthictioj 
accepted  of  an  invitation  tandered  them  by  the  brethren 
at  P    Li'diein,  ai?d  tool:  ;efuee  here.     Ten  families  oi 


S6  IiIST\^UV 


OF    NORTHAMPTON    COUNTV. 


1 746,  M  ith  soncxv  and  tears,  and  were  received  ai  Bp      ' 
iehem  with  tenderness  and  compassion.    Several  ofTh;' 
immediately  built  cottages  neir  tlie  settlemeiU      '  t ,' 
morning  and  evening  meetings  were  resulated   ar d     '.  \ 
service  penonned  in  the  Mahikan  language.     Tl S     ;:  I 
Loskeii,  comiort.d  ihem,  in  some  measine°  for  the  k.     f" 
ilie  regular  ssrvice  at  Shekomeko,  which  was  mo4  rr  ' 
uous  to  them.     Soon  after,  two  Indian  girl    v  ;"«  C' 
nzed  m  Beihiehem  chapel,  m  presence°of  t  h".,- h 
congreganon,  and  a  great  numbir  of  tViends.'     ^ 

liiis  small  colony  of  Indians,  settled  in  the  iiir,,,  ^,li'      I 
vicmuy  oi  Bethlehem,  was  called    7^e.T^Peatl 
I'neden.Huetlnt;   subsequently,    these    IiJliav    w',  ■ 
removed  on  a  piece  of  land,  on  the  junctio  lo     h^^  Ah 
hony  creek  and  l.ehigh  river,  beyoLl  the  I^,e  rw'  \ 
tain,  about  thnty  m.lcs  from  Betldehem    m^^ qX,   \ 
county,  and  near  Lehighton.      The   pla  e  wa.  '  H   i 
G..«./..j  //^,//,,,,  ,  ,,  Tents  of  GraL\  '  I 

ihe  Kev'd   David  Bramerd,  the  celebrated  ms.,, 

Sla^at^^tflT"'^'^^  '""^^  "^  tl'tks  of    :: 
J^UdwaiL,  viMUid  this  place  m  September,  17.1  ,    „.]  \ 

K^'"a^.T"r''^"''"'"^^  beeuLhined'to  n  ;": 
by  leason  ot  md.sposmon.     -Had  tlioudits,"  s.v.  ^ 
m  his  journal  lor  September  soth,  174J,^-oi'  ^.  ^^r 
ward  on  my  journey  to  my  Indians;  bu   towani    m 
was  taken  with  a  hard  pain  m  my' teeth  ad  ^i;^,;    ' 
cold,  and  couM  not,   possiblv,   recover  a    .1,      vt   r^ 
degree  of  warmth  the^hole  night  follotn  g"  1^' 
tmued  very  lull  01  pai.i  all  ni^ht?  and  m  the    uorn  v' 
had^^veryhaid  lever,  and  pains  ahnostov:;.  my  ^ 

French  and  Indian  war,  from  1755,  to  1760    Wl  en 
Mission-house,   of  which   a  full  acconi  t    s  '  iv  -       n 
speakmg  of  Guadon  Huetten,  m    cXn   co^u       ? 


part  11.  p.  So. 


•I^osk.i,. ^._. 

t  Fort  .-^ Her,,  C?rbcn  county. 


!%• 

Iskf 

i; 

fV-' 

ii 

.       HISTOHY    OF    NjHTHAMPTON    COTJNTY 

Mahony  creek,  was  destroyed  November  24th,  1755, 
the  Indian  congvegatioo,  at  Ouaden  Iluetten,  lied  foi 
security  to  BeihU^diem,  when  tlie  following  interesting 
conesijoiidence  took  place  between  them  and  the  Gov- 
ernor of  Pennsylvania,  viz: 

To  the  Hon.  Robert  Hunter  Morris,  &c.  The  hum- 
ble address  of  the  Indians  late  residing  at  Guadtii 
Huettcn,  at  their  instance  taken  Ironi  their  own  mouth  : 
.  First — We  present  our  love,  respect  and  duty  to  the 
Hon.  Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  because  we  are  nui 
able  to  expres.i;  ourselves,  as  it  shoidd  be,  we  beg  tliere- 
fore  that  the  best  coriJtniclicni  be  ])ut  upon  what  v/e 
havG  to  lay  before  hun. 

We  have  been  heretofore  })oor  heathens,  who  knew 
nothing  of  God,  but  lived  in  blindness  and  abominable 
sins.  The  Brethren  have  told  us  words  from  Jesus  Christ, 
our  God  and  Lord,  wlio  became  a  man  for  us,  and  pur- 
chased salvation  for  us  widi  his  blood.  We  have  heard 
their  words,  taken  them  to  heart,  received  them  in  faith, 
and  are  liaptized  in  tht;  name  of  Jesus  Christ. 

The  Ihclhren  since  that  time  have  faithiully  cared  llr 
ns,  and  not  only  I'luluer  inslructed  us  in  (Jod's  word, 
but  have  also  j)crmilted  us  to  live  u{)on  their  land,  and 
plant  om- corn,  at  the  same  time  instructing  our  children. 

It  is  now  a  great  many  years  that  we  have  lived  in 
quiet  and  peace,  imder  the  protection  of  the  government 
of  this  province,  so  that  we  have  not  been  burdensome 
to  none,  (any,)  nor  has  any  body  molested  us.  But  now 
it  is  come  to  jjass,  that  Avicked  people,  who  serve  the 
devil,  havc!  connuitted  horrible  murders,  and  inhumanly 
butchered  even  our  own  Brethren. 

We  well  knew  that  we  had  nothhig  better  to  exptc; 
at  their  hands,  as  long  as  we  continued  with  the  Breth- 
ren under  this  government;  for  which  cause  we  sought 
to  save  our  lives  by  ilight,  leaving  every  thing  behiiid 
which  we  had  in  Gauden  Huetten,  that  is,  not  only  our 
habitations,  but  also  o\u'  Nothing  and  provision,  tleeing 
hi  the  dark  night,  naked  and  empty  away  with  our 
wives  and  children, 

N  .  ,v  we  la.;  here  in  Bethlehem  with  our  brellucn, 


88  nisTOKV  f)r  nokthampton  county. 


fl 


willing  rather  to  sutler  and  live  with  thein  as  heretolbr^.  .     j 

We  cannot  but  declare  to  our    Honorable    Governor?  {     \ 

First,  That  v/e  are  thankful  from  the  l)ottom  of  our  \    \ 

hearts  for  the  itrotectiou  and  peace  that  we  have  hitiicrta  I    \ 

enjoyed  in  this  province.     Secondly,  That  none  of  us  |    \ 

have  any  baud  in  the  abominable  umrders  kitely  com-  I   < 

mittetl  by  tlie  Indians ;  but  we  abhor  and  detest  tijoni..  .?   I 

TJdrdhj,  It  is  our  desire,  seeing  we  are  persuaded  thai  '^ 

our  lives  aviII  be  ])rincipally  sought  after,  to  put  our-  ■.  ^ 

selves  as  children  under  the  protectio.n,  we  cannoi  say  |  ij 

otlierwise,  but  tint   we    are    entirely   devoted   to   thi:  ,  •; 

English  GovernUient,  und  wish  success  and  pros|;enty  •■■  - 

to  their  arms,  against  their  and  our  enemies.  |-«  \ 

We  hope  that  our  Honorable  Governor  will  give  us  u  * 

gracious  answer  to  this  om-  hinnble  petition,  and  pro-  .f  ; 

vide  for  our  future  weltare  and  security.  {  \ 

(Signed  by  the  following,  in  the  presence  of  Rerniivd  ,,    , 

Adam  Grube,  John  Jacob  Schmick  and  J,  Okely  ;)  |  ij 

.  Joshua,  the  Moliickan ;  Augustus,  Delaware;  Jacoli.  *  '' 

Mohickan  ;  Anton,  Delaware;  John  Peter,  Wainpenas ;  < 

Joshua, Delaware \  Andreas,  Wampanas ;  Michael,  Meni-  ;;  ■ 

sink;  Jonathan,  D^'lawart;;  Philippus,  Wanij)onas;  Tob.n,  ^| 
Mohickan;  John,  Delaware  ;  David>  Moliickau  ;  Marl:, 
Mohickan. 

Subscribed  before 

TIMOTHY  HORSEFn^>rj), 
Justice,  for  Northampton  county,  Nov.  30,  17.jj. 

To  the  Ibregoing,  Gov.  Morris  WYOte  the  following  in 

answer :  | 

To  the  Indians  lately  i^jsiding  at  Guadcn  Huetten,  anit  li 

now  at  Bethlelfcm — Greeting  :  ^ 

Brethren — You   may   always   de])end  on   the   Uiost  %\ 

favorable  construction  being  i)ut  on  whatever  yen  lay  f^, 

before  me.     It  gives  me  a  true  pleasure  to  fuid  yen  are  ^. 

imder  the  force  of  religious  impressions,  and  speak  in  so  1 

arfectionaii?  a  mranicr  of  the  great  Author  of  tiic  J  bris-  I 

tian  salvation,  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ.  A 

As  you  liave  made  it   your  own  choice  to  b:;i  run.:  » 


HISTORT    OF    ^'0UTnAMPTON  COUNTY.  89 

meiiibers  of  our  civil  society,  and  subjects  of  the  same 
'  government,  and  to  determine  to  share  the  same  fatt; 
with  us,  I  shall  make  it  my  care  to  extend  the  same  pro- 
tection to  you,  as  to  the  other  subjects  of  his  Majesty, 
and  as  a  testimony  of  ihc  regard  paid  by  the  government 
to  the  distressed  state  of  that  ]:)art  of  the  provmce  where 
you  liave  sulfered  so  natch,  I  have  determined  to  build 
a  fort  at  Guaden  Knetten,  from  which  you  will  receive 
equal  security  willi  the  wiiite  people  under  my  care. 
I  have  not  the  le.tst  .suspicion  of  your  having  been 
I  concerned  in  the  lute  nitschi<jts.  Your  precaution  and 
^  flight  are  an  evidence  of  your  innocence,  aud  take  in 
good  part  your  professions  of  trudi,  and  fidelity  to  yom 
l)retln-en,and  thank  you  for  them. 
1/  I  heartily  commiserate  yom-  losses,  and  think  you 
entitled  to  relief;  and  as  1  intend  to  send  for  all  our 
friendly  Indians  to  come  and  confer  with  me  in  this  lime 
of  danger,  I  shall  let  you  know  the  time  when  I  shall 
meet  them,  and  desire  you  to  be  present,  that  1  may 
speak  to  you  at  the  same  lime. 
t  J  In  the  mean  time,  I  desire  you  will  be  of  good  be- 
'   liaviour,  and  remain  where  you  are. 

ROB.  II.  MORRIS.* 
Philadelphia  Deo.  4,  1755. 

These  were  trying  times  to  the  people  of  this  region 
of  country,  as  may  be  learned  from  the  subjoined  origi- 
nal letters  : 

Letters  by  express  from  Northampton  county,  inform- 
ing the  govermnent  liiat  the  Indians  had  begun  hos 
lilities, 

A  letter  from  Timotiiy  Horsefield,  to  the  Governor. 

Bethlehem,  Dec.   12,  1755. 
Mail/  it  please  yoi-.r  Honor  : 
!        Sir — The  enclosed  are  a  faithful  translation  of  two 
original  German  lett.ns  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Spangenberg 

♦Proi.  Uec,  N,  ^21-^^0.  v   ,    ,    ■  ■■■ 


i 


90  HISTOUy    OF    NORTHAMPTON    COUNTY. 

which  are  jusi  do.v  come  to  hand,  and  which  will  <  .  t 
form  your  Honor  of  the   particulars   whicli  I  have  i   j 
•lay  beJbre    yon.     Your  Honor  will  thereby  bce  v/ii,n 
circumstances  we  are  in,  in  these  parts.  | 

I  would  also  just  mention  to  your  Honor,  lluU  u..  i 
bearer  brings  with  him  some  pieces  of  arms  which  fail  I 
m  the  using,  and  which  make  the  people  afraid  to  tal,.>| 
Ihem  h-.  hand.  I  ];ray  that  your  Honor  will  t^ko  it  1;.  I 
your  Innher  consideration,  and  give  us  all  the  a.yistaiict  ' 
that  lays  iti  yoiu'  power. 

J  am,  with  all  <hie  respect, 

YoWi   Honor's    most  obliged 

ri''  ■'■  and  hmnble  servant,  ! 

■_3^'      ,  TIMOTHY  HORSF.FiKLl),      J 

1 .  S.  I  have  sent  to  alarm  the  country  with  all  iL    { 

expedition  pc^sihle,  but  when  we  have  the  p.'!;|de,  v,- • 

have  no  proper  persons  to  lead  them,  and  what  ran  v,-,-  i 

expect  ?  I 

A  letter  from  W.  Nathanael,  to  the  Rev.  Mr.   S'^ai-  j 
genberg.  ^        ' 

-,     ^,.  ^^azareih,  Dec.  \1,  ]153. 

Mr.  J5uman;  who  just  now  came  from  the  lilue  rnoar  ' 
tain,  and  is  the  hearer  of  this  letter,  will  tell  you  thai  thei 
IS  a  number  of  two  hundred  Indians  about  Eror'dhead^ 
plantation.  They  have  destroyed  most  all  the  plonti 
nous  thoreabonls,and  killed  several  families  as  ]fopd,'> 
\  oil  will  be  so  kind  and  acquaint  Mr.  Horsefield  direct-  i 
Jy  ol  it,  ihat  he  may  send  a  messenger  to  Philadelphi''  * 
.and  let  all  our  neighbors  know  what  \ve  have  to  eYced'  1 
and  that  they  may  come  to  our  assistance.  '    | 

:?''-:^i:l\^     .■    '    :  nathanael. 

A  letter  from  Mr.  Grail' to  tlie  Rev.  Mr.  Spangenhu 

Nazareth,  December  \\,   17  35        ■' 
An  hour  ago  came  Mr.  Glotz,  and  told  us  that  ihc  lOlli    I 
instant,  m  the  night,  Hoeth's  family  were  killed  by  tho    ' 
Inaians;  except  his  son  and  the  smith,  who  made  their 
-scape,  and  the  houses  burnt  down.     Just  now  cam3  oJu 


HISTORY  OF  NORTHAMPTON  COUNTY.  91 

Mr.  Hartman  with  his  family,  who  also  escaped,  and 
they  say  that  all  the  iieighboiiiood  of  the  above  men- 
tioned IIoeths,,viz:  Bioadheud's,  Culver's,  McMichael, 
and  all  houses  and  fuiiilics  thereabouts,  attacked  by  the 
Indians  at  day-hgnt,  and  burned  down  by  them.  Mr. 
Culver's  and  Hartnuin's  liunily  are  come  to  us  with  our 
wagons,  &c.  Lodged  partly  here  in  Nazareth,  and 
partly  in  the  tavern.  Our  wagons  which  were  to  fetch 
some  corn,  were  met  by  Culver's,  three  miles  this  side 
liis  house,  and  when  tliey  heard  these  shocking  news, 
they  resolved  to  rctmn,  and  to  carry  these  poor  people 
to  Nazareth. 

They  say  also  that  the  number  of  Indians  is  above 
two  hundred.     We  want  to  hear  your  good  advice  what 
to  do  in  this  present  sil  nation  and  circumstances,  and 
':  desire  if  possible  your  assistance. 

GRAFF. 

Letter  from  Horsofield  to  tlie  Governor: 

Bethlehem,  Dec.  12,  175.5. 
I\I(ifj  it  please  your  Honor: 
'  Sir — I  have  despatched  an  express  this  morning  to 
yo)ir  Honor,  in  Philadelphia,  to  inform  you  of  the  cir- 
cumstances we  are  in;  but  since  hearing  that  you'were 
I  in  New  York,  I  thought  it  my  duty  to  despatch  another 
messenger  with  this,  thinking  it  might  yet  iind  your 
Honor  there. 

-  In  the  night  an  express  arrived  from  Nazareth  ac- 
quainting me  that  there  is  certainly  people  now  in  Na- 
zareth, who  tied  for  their  lives,  and  informs  us  that  one 
iloeth  and  his  family  arc  cut  off,  only  two  escaping,  and 
the  houses  &c.,  of  Hoeth,  liroadliead  and  otbers,  are 
actually  laid  in  ashes,  and  pcojde  from  all  (piarters  Hy- 
ing for  their  lives,  and  the  common  report  is  tliat  the 
Lidians  are  two  hundred  strong. 

Your  Honor  can  easily  guess  at  the  trouble  and  con- 
sternation we  must  be  in  on  this  occasion,  in  these  parts. 
As  to  B<^thlohem,  v/e  have  t.iken  all  the  precaution  in 
uur  po  .,  '1,  fur  onv  defence.     We  have  taken  our  luUe 


92  HISTORY    01'     NORTHAMPTON    COUNTY. 


! 


infants  from  Nazareth  to  Bethlehem,  for  the  grealei  .  . 
security ;  and  these,  with  the  rest  of  our  children,  are  neai  j  ■ 
three  hundred  in  number.  Ahho'  our  gracious  King  and  \  ' 
Parliamem  hcive  been  pleased  to  exempt  tliose  anion^  |' 
us  of  tender  conscience  from  bearing  arms,  yet  there  are  § 
many  amongst  us  wlio  make  no  scruple  of  defending  (I 
themselves  n gainst  sucii  cruel  savages.  liut,alas!  whai  * 
can  we  do,  liaving  very  few  arms,  and  little  or  no  annrai- 
uition  ;  and  we  are  now  as  it  were,  become  the  frontier;  |^ 
and  as  we  are  circumstanced,  our  family  being  so  large,  fj 
it  is  impossible  fur  us  to  retire  to  any  other  place  for 
security. 

T  doubt  not,  your  Honor's  goodness  will  lead  yon  to 
consider  the  distii-ss  \vi^  are  in,  and  speedily  to  ail'urd  i!> 
what  relief  shall  be  thought  necessary  against  diusi- 
merciless  savages. 

I  am,  wiiii  due  resj)ect. 

Your  Honor's  most  obedient  servant.  |' 

TIMO.  IIORSEFIEIJ).-        ? 

P,  S,  Ifoetii's,  ]]r(jadhead's,  &c.,  are  situate  a  I'evv 
miles  over  the  IMue  mountains,  about  25  oi  30  ruil-.'s 
from  hert;. 

Benjamin  Franklin,  on  his  way  to  erect  Fort  Alleti, 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Lehigh  river,  where  Weissport 
is,  stopped  at  this  place,  as  may  be  seen  from  the  follov/- 
ing  letter,  addressed  to  Governor  Morris,  viz: 

Bethlehem,  Jan.  14,  1750, 
Governor  Morris: 

Sir — As  we  drew  near  this  place,  we  met  a  mnnl/jr 
of  Avagons,  and  many  peo])le  moving  olf  with  tlion 
etlects  and  families,  from  the  Irish  settlement  and  l.ehigli 
township,  being  terrihed  by  the  defeat  of  Hay's  coni- 
pany,  and  the  jjurnings  and  nun-ders  committed  in  the 
townships  on  new  year's  day.  We  found  this  place 
filled  with  refugees,  the  \vorkmon's  shops,  and  even  the 
cellars,  being  crowded  with  women  aiui  children  ;  and 
we  learned  diat  Lehigh  township  is   almost   entirely 

'Prov,  Kec,  N.  3^1-3^. 


HISTORY   Ci    NOP.THA.MPTON   COUNTS.  93 

abandoned  by  the  inh;ibitanis.     Soon  after  my  arrival 
here,  the   principal  people  oi"  the  Irish   settlement,  as 
Wilson,  elder  Craig,  &c.  canity  to  me,  and  demanded  an 
r§  addition  of  thirty  men  to  ( 'raig's  company,  or  threatened 
they  wonld  imnietliaiely,  one  and  all,  leave  then'conntry 
|5.  to  the  enemy.     liay's  company  was  reduced  to  eighteen 
ij  men,  (and  those  without  shoes,  stockings,  blankets,  or 
arms)partly  by  the  loss  oi'  (iuuden  Iluetten,  and  ])artly  by 
desertion.     Trumj)  and  Aston  had  made  but  slow  pro- 
l^ress  in  building  the  liist  for.,  complaining  for  want  of 
tools,  which  it  was  thouglit  the  people  in  tliose  jjarts 
might  liave  supplied  ilunn  with. 

•  Wayne's  company  we  found  posted  at  Nazareth, 
•#  agreeable  to  your  Honor's  ord^irs.  I  inmiediately  di- 
F  rected  flays  to  complete  his  company,  and  he  went 
}  down  to  Bucks  county  with  Mr.  Heatty,  who  promised 
I  to  assist  him  in  recruiting.  His  lieutenant  lies  liere  lame, 
*  with  trozen  feet,  and  uniii  for  action;  but  the  ensign, 
with  eighteen  men,  is  posted  among  the  present  froiuier 
inhabitants,  to  give  some  satisfaction  to  the  settlement 
[leople,  as  I  refused  to  increase  Craig's  company.  In 
iiiy  turn,  I  liave  tlneate.ied  to  disband  or  rejuove  the 
tjomparnes  already  posted,  for  the  security  of  particular 
townships,  if  the  })eople  would  not  stay  on  their  places, 
hehave  like  men,  do  someihhig  for  themselves,  and  assist 
-the  province  soldiers. 

The  day  after  my  arrival  here,  I  sent  oiT  two  wagons 
loaded  with  bread,  and  some  axes,  lor  Trum])  and 
Aston,  to  Nazareth,  escorted  by  Lieutenant  Davis,  and 
twenty  men  of  M'Lauglilin's,  that  came  with  me.  I 
ordered  him  to  renrahi  at  Nazareth  to  guard  that  place, 
wiiile  Capt.  Wayne,  whose  men  were  fresh,  })roceeded 
Avith  the  convoy^  To  secure  Lyn  and  Heidelberg  town- 
ships, whose  inhabitants  v/ere  just  on  the  wing,  I  took 
Trexler's  company  into  pay,  (lie  had  been  betbre  com- 
missioned by  Mr.  Hamilton^  and  I  commissioned  W^et- 
lerholt,  who  commaadcd  a  watch  of  iburty-four  men, 
belbre  in  the  pay  of  the  province,  ordering  him  to  coni- 
fileie  his  company.  I  have  also  allowed  thirty  men  to 
i,t'cuie  t'"  iowi:.':hip  of  Upper  Sinilhfield,  and  comniis- 


94  KJSTORV  OF  NORTHAMPTON  COUNTY. 


t 


sioned  Van  Ettcii  and  Ilinshan,  as  Captain  and  LifAite/,- 
ant.     And  m  order  to  execute  more  speedily  the  firsi 
design  of  creeling  a  t'ort  near  Guadeii  Iluetteu,  lo  com 
jilete  tlie  line  and  the  rangers  into  motion,  f  have  raised 
anotlier  company  under  Captain  Charles  Foult,  to  joiii  j 
with  Wayne  in  that  service  ;  and  as  Hays,  I  hear,  is  nri.  '• 
likely  soon  to  recruit  his  company,  J  liave  ordered  Onvh 
to    come    up   from    Rockland,  in    Bucks    county,  to 
strengthen  this  part  of  the  provhice,  convey  provisior.-: 
&c.,  to  the  companies  who  are  and  will  ho  at  work  ovv:,-  . 
the  mountains,  and  quiet  the  inliahitants,  who  se-Jiii  tei-  i 
riiied  out  of  th  'ir  senses. 

The  arms  aiid  blankets  wrote  lor  to  New  Yoik,  iu..   f 
not   yet   arrived;  but   I  hear  that   100  gims  and    150  ] 
blankets  are  on  tlie  road,  sent  me  by  Mr.  Coldon :  tiiosi'  •' 
of  Mr.  Walton's  being  sold  before.     I  have  consulto^ 
IVfr.  Parsojis,  and  if  the  wagons  come  to-day,  it  is  pro- 
posed that  I  prcKced  to-morrow,  with  Wayne's conrpary. 
which  is  returned,  Foulk's  and  the  twenty  men  of  IV- 
Laughlin's,  to  Guadea  lluetten,  to  lay  out  the  intendel 
fort,  and  endeavcr  to  get  it  despatched,     Capt.  Wayn.i 
tells  me  that  Triunp  expects  the  iirst  fort  will  he  iinished  \ 
next  week.       1   hope  to  get   this  done  as  soon,  havir*;  f 
more  tools;  thoi.gh  at  this  season  it  seems  to  befighlinj;  , 
against  nature.     But  I  imagine  'tis  absolutely  necessary 
to  get  the  ranging  line  of  forts  completed,  that  the  peo- 
])le  may  be  secured  as  soon  as  possible  in  their  habita- 
tions, and  the  internal  guards  and  companies  dismissed, 
otherwise  the  expense  and  loss  to  the  province  v/iU  br- 
intolerable. 

I  want  much  to  hear  the  event  of  the  proposed  ifeaiy,    ^ 
and   the  determination  your  Honor  and  the  commifw 
sioners  may  have  come  to,  for  the  encouragement  ci   4 
volunteer  scalping  parties.  » y 

I  am,  with  dutiful  respect,  l 

'  *'  .•  Sir,  your  Honor's  most 

■         .  Obedient  humble  servant, 

•,.'•■-  B.FRANKLIN. 


%   i 


HISTORY    Ot-     NORTHAMPTON    COUNTY.  95 

The  Brethren  here,  as  well  as  at  other  Moravian  set- 
tlements iu  this  part  of  Pennsylvania,  were  peculiarly- 
situated.  Notwithstanding  that  they  atforded  protection 
to  refugees  from  a  cruel  dijath  ex])ected  to  be  intlicted  by 
the  savage  Indians,  "  the  Irish  ot  the  Kitlatinny  valley 
viewed  the  Brethren  with  jealousy,  and  openly  threaten- 
ed to  exterminate  the  Indian  converts,  and  it  was 
dangerous  for  the  friendly  Indians  even  to  hunt  iri  the 
woods,'*  or  even  when  sent  on  j)ublic  business.  The 
fallowing  letter  from  the  Rev.  Spangenberg  to  Governor 
i  Morris,  goes  to  sustain  the  truth  of  this  in  the  main: 
j  Bel/iic/te/n,  May  2d,  1756. 

May  it  please  your  Huuor : 
I  arrived  at  Bethlehem  the  2Sth,  1st  month,  and  com- 
)  municated  with  our  Indians,  at   your  Honor's  desire, 
I  that  one  or  other  of  them  might  go  with  the  messengers 
f;  who  were  sent  by  your  Honor's  orders,  to  the  Indiana 
f  at  the  Susquehanna,  and  would  soon  be  with  us  at  Beth- 
I  lehem,  in  their   way  thither.     Augustus,  a  Delaware, 
alias  George,  upon  serious  consideration  upon  going  and 
I  not  being  ignorant  of  many  dangers  he  might  happen  to 
;  meet  with,  he   called  his  wife,  mother-in-law  ami  two 
^sons  together,  and  ileclarcd  to  them  his  last  will,  in  case 
\  he  should  be  either  killed  or  hindered  some  how  from 
■  coming  back  again,  viz :  That  they  should  conthme  with 
our  Saviour,  with  whom  he  was  determined  to  abide  as 
long  as  he  had  flesh  and  skin  upon  his  back,  and  that 
they  should  not  leave  the  Brethren. 

Tegrea  and  company  crime  from  Bethlehem  the  same 

day,  and  when  I  presented  to  them  the  said  Augustus, 

I  they  were  very  much  pleased  with  him,  he  being  a  man 

of  good  judgment,  of  an  nonest  countenance,  and  well 

'.  acquainted  with  the  woods  up  tliat  way  to  VVoyming  ; 

and  so  they  are  gone  tor,ether  yesterday,  to  Fort  Allen, 

1  and  to-morrow  they  will  proceed  from  thence  on  their 

journey  to  the  Susquehanna,     [thought  them  all  in 

greater  danger  of  being  lixirt  in  the  Irish  settlement, 

than  any  lohere  else  in  all  the  province,  and  therefore 

I  did  desire  James  Ennis  aiid    Thomas  Apty,  not  to 

leave  tf'iu  till  they  v/ero  at  Fort  Allen,  and  so  they 


96  }iISTOUY    OF    NORTHAMPTON    COUNTY.  | 

I 

went  along.  Mr.  Edmunds,  David  Zeitzberger,  Geoi,^  | 
Klein  and  Stephen  Blum,  all  of  them  went  al;so  v.'iiii  J 
rliem  to  Fort  Allen — the  slieriiF  of  this  county  not  lo- 1 
ing  at  home  at  the  time  of  setting  off.  "| 

We  have  used  tliem  well  at  .Bethlehem,  and  shewt.ll 
ihem  so  much  kindnes  as  they  were  able  to  accept  nf,  | 
and  1  think  they  went  away  well  pleased.  Tlieir  la:'  I 
declaratioti,  ;'.k  well  at  Iklhlehem  as  at  Fort  Allen,  whicl>j 
he  also  u'^.ntcd  me  to  write  to  your  Honor,  wa^  as  fol- ' 
lows,  viz  :  I 

••  Wc  do  remember  very  well  the  words  the  Go\'cn\h\  \ 
hath  pul  I'i  our  nuuili.s,  and  will  deliver  them  laithfrJK.  j 
May  bo  this  uiTair  will  take  up  some  time,  tv\'enly,  ii' J 
not  thirty,  or  thirty-tive  days.  If  we  do  not  return  i.i } 
that  time,  be  sure  that  we  are  either  killed,  or  tli,a  | 
ihe  danger  is  such  that  we  cannot  get  througli.  Bat  ii  | 
we  can,  we  will  go  directly  to  Thomas  Magee's,  and  ••^t  | 
on  to  the  Govi-rnor,  for  so  he  hath  ordered  us  to  do;  unl  | 
so  we  will  do  if  we  can.  But  if  either  the  white  people  1 
or  the  bad  Indians  are  in  the  way,  we  cant  go  down  iIil'  f 
Susquehanna  by  water,  then  we  will  come  by  F'  u  Alli'i;  .| 
and  Betlilelient  back  ag;iin.  | 

''  If  we  happen  to  lose  our  flag  or  passport  {for  il;.e  ni;i.,  \ 
who  carries  it  may  be  shot,  and  others  may  be  forced  to  j 
liy  for  their  lives,)  then  we  will  come  to  the  forts,  or  nay  j 
of  them,  and  our  token  shall  be  a  club'd  musket  mm  \ 
green  boughs  in  our  hats.  s 

"  If  Ave  meet  with  had  Indians  in  the  wooJo,  (ui.'  ; 
some  of  us  be  killed,  you  may  expect  any  one  tliat  ! 
(^scapes, in  ten  days;  if  we  do  not  return  insLK  li  a  linif;,  ' 
then  you  may  think  that  we  are  luckily  arrived.  i 

"If  we  dohl  come  in  twenty  days,  tlien  let  ihc  cajj  j 
tains  of  each  fort  look  out  for  us  in  fifteen  days,  wliicli  ' 
m  all  makes  lldrty-five  days,  and  we  will  not  come  in  • 
the  night  to  any  of  the  forts."  .  I 

Now  tl'.is  is  humbly  to  request  your  Honor,  that  if  they  j 
comedown  to  Harris' Ferry  to  meet  your  Honor,  then 
Augustus  uiay  liave  your  passport,  and    be  safely  cart- 
ducted  by  proper  and  careful  oflicers  to  Bethlehem  agaiii^ 

■ 


i 


HISTOKY  OF  NOKTJIAMPTON    COUNTY.  97 

for  SO  much  I  have  promised  him,  and  he  expects  it  from 
your  Honor. 

I  am  your  Honor's 
.     •  Humble  servant, 

SPANGENBERG.* 

'  The  Indians  ai  Jiethlehem  were  repeatedly  instrumer!- 
tal  in  preventing  the  destruction  of  the  settlers;  when  they 
lieard  of  a  plot  against  ihe  whites  by  tlie  warriors,  well 
disposed  Indians  would  travel  all  night  to  warn  the 
brethren  and  others,  and  thus  defeat  the  schemes  of  the 
cruel  enemy.  An  istance  is  related  hi  the  followi/i;; 
letter : 


H'  Jii'thlche77i,  June  2\,  1156. 

-     Alai/  it  please  yov.r  Honor : 
This  morning  early,  ;vl)Out  five  o'clock,  there  arrived 
here  two  Delaware  Indi.ns,  from  Diahoga,  who,  declar- 
ing  themselves  friends  to  the  English,  and  peaceahly 
disposed,  were  by  us  n^ceived  as  such.     Their  names 
yre  Nichodemus,  and  (  liristian,  iiis  son,  and  formerly 
fC  lived  in  Gwatlen  Ihu;tUii.     As  soon  as  I  heard  of  their 
being  here,  thougli  sick  in  bed,  I  sent  for  Captain  New- 
Vt  castle,  and  acquainted   him  with  it,  and  what  I    had 
\l   heard  of  the  circumstances,  namely,  that  they  left  Dia- 
hoga  with  a  comjiauy  of  their  j'riends,  nine  women  and 
children,  to  the  number  of  hl'teen  ;  that  a  day's  journey 
beyond  Guaden  Ilu(.'tten,  they  had  left  the  rest  of  their 
A"  company,  and  determined  lo  venture  their   lives  and 
i   come  through,  and  see  how  they  could  get  the  rest  after 
them.      When  the  Cai)tain  heard  this,  he  directly  re- 
l  solved,  in  virtue  of  his  cv)miuission  from  your  Honor,  to 
jl  go  this  day  with  his  company    and  Nichodemus'  sun 
'1  (Christian,  attended  by  iVir.  Edmonds,  to  Guaden  Huel- 
1^  ten,  and  immediately  proceed  to  bring  Ihein  to  the  fort, 
''  and  from  thence  hither  in  safety,  till  further  orders  from 
your  Honor.    1  thought  this  liighly  necessary  to  aequaiiu 

•    'Prov.  Kec,  iJcok  0,  j).  U/^,  )*ji>  ,.  .  . 

G  .  > 


98  insTOKv   ov  Northampton  county. 


I' 


you  with  hy  express,  that  we  may  speedily  know  yotu  |^ 

lionor's  jileasine  herein.  '    ,"   ^1 

1  uiri,  witli  all  due  respect,  '  t. 

Your  Honor's  most  humble  f^ 

•-  and  obedient  servant,  j- 

TJMO.  IIORSEFIELD.      I 

P.  S.     The  under- written    particulais    I    got  tp  \h>i  |' 

knowledge  of,  from  our  Indians  who  hud  conversed  v/ilh  •>/ 

ihcni,  but  as  I   had    |)rondsed   Capiain  Newci'Stle  b«  || 

should  know  iho  contt-nts  of  my  letter  to  your  Honflv  *' 

I  would  not  insert  tlieni  in  it,  doubtin 

be  prudent  he  slioulJ  know  so  nmcl 

1.  Wiicn  tiic  Indians  came  away,  and  it  was  knov/n. 
they  foimd  therL!  were  a  great  many  oi'  the  same  niii)(i 
with  them,  and  wished  themselves  under  the  pjotectior.  I 
of  the  English,  and  they  think  many  will  follow  tlioni,  i. 
particularly  il'they  h.ear  these  have  succeeded,  |j 

2.  That  sev(  ;al  of  the  chiefs  wlio  had    lived    in  iJia-  | 
hoga  when  Caitiaia  Newcastle  was  last  Uiere,  v.  ere  iiovv 
moved  higher  up,  and  generally  thought,  (thongh  not 
certainly  known)  to  have  gone  1u  the  French.  "L 

As  things  are  circumstanced,  1  humbly  conujivi!  i*  | 
will  be  highly  necessary  to  use  all  the  despatch  imagiii.i-  | 
ble  to  send  away  the  Cai)tain — -he  hitnself  being  very  ,| 
urgent  lor  the  messenger's  return,  that  he  may  itTthw;'.}  f* 
proceed  to  Dialioga.  I 

TIMO.  IIORSEFl!':i,lJ.      | 

.    Governer  Morris'  answer  to  Horselield,  to  the  uiiov-    "I 

•••,'/<■  Philadcip/tia,  June  2.3,  n5'o.       I 

■  Sir— I  am  favored  with  your's  of  the  iJlst  by  express,  | 
and  in  answer,  think  it  proper  that  Captain  No wcastlo  i 
should  set  oil  direcdy  for  Dialioga,  and  take  with  bin.  \j 
two  or  diree  cf  llie  Indians  just  arrived,  that  tjiey  may  J 
testify  along  with  him  our  good  reception  ol'  ihcm.  '| 
I  do  hereby  empower  the  lirethren,  and  request  tlieiii  | 
to  receive  into  ilieir  liouses  at  liethlehem,  all  sncl)  $; 
friendly  Indiaiis  as  shall  come  to  them, and  (Lsno  to  U  ^ 
Uken  in,  and  to  siipport  and  maintaiu  them,  till  tl.e":. 


HISTORY    OF    WOHTllAMPTON    COUNTY.  99 

have  my  further  orders,  always  taking  care  to  advise 
me  from  time  to  time,  of  tlie  arrival  of  any  Indians, 
mentiomag  their  places  of  abode,  their  tribe  and  such 
other  circumslaaces  as  shall  he  necessary  to  give  me  a 
just  and  proper  acocarit  of  them;  and  any  expenses  at- 
tending this  service,  v.' ill  be  paid  by  the  government. 

I  herewith  eiiciocse  an  additional  message  to  New- 
castle, which  I  beg  you  to  send  to  him,  wherever  he  is, 
with  all  possible  d(3spaich ;  as  every  article  is  very 
necessary;  and  if  he  .siiould  be  gone,  as  you  see  from 
the  first  part  of  n.y  ietier  thut  I  intend  some  of  the  In- 
dians I'rom  IJiuhoj^a  should  accompany  him,  I  desire 
^^  you,  or  some  of  the  Brethren,  will  speak  in  my  name,  to 
such  of  the  Diahoga  IiuUuns  as  you  shall  think  most 
trusty,  and  send  forward  directly  my  additional  message- 
to  Newcastle. 

I  am  Sir, 
J  Your  humble  servant, 

I ;  ;,,  ,^  ,,  Roirr.  h.  morris.* 

In  answer  to  the  Governor's  instructions  and  queries, 
the  Rev.  Spangenberg  w.oic  tin;  following  answer; 

liethlehem,  June  26,  1 756. 
May  it  please  your  Honor : 

Having  been  iVom  home  when  Newcastle  came  to 
Bethlehem,  and  your  Iloaor's  letter  tome,  my  Brethren 
have  taken  care  to  see  your  orders  obeyed,  as  far  as  lay 
ill  their  power. 

What  hath  been  spolcen  and  done  with  Newcastle 
before  he  set  otf  from  Ikthlehem,  your  Honor  will  see 
out  of  the  eiiclosed  accotnit,  dated  June  15. 

Since  thut  time  he  came  back,  and  brought  with  him 
Jo.  Pepy  and  Nicodemus  and  their  families,  the  list 
whereof  your  H(;iior  will  see  laid  by  in  the  close  of  this 
letter. 

Yesterday  he  (Nc:v/'*;iytle)  desired  to  know  your 
Honor's  furlher  ijvd.;r,  whi^h  was  dehvered  unto  hiat 

•Pov.  U'.i.,  O.  ICO- 2. 


100  llIsTOIIV   OP  NORTHAMPTON    COUNTY.  i 

\ 

accordingly,  out  of  your  Honor's  letter,  as  will  appr;  .  | 
by  record,  dated  '^.5tli  and  2tith  June.  i 

Now  to  tell  your  Honor  tlie  truth,  I  don't  beiicve  ihuii 
either  Jo  Pepy  or  Nicodemus  and  their  families  can  st;iy| 
at  liethlchoin.  We  have  been  obliged  to  put  people  <m  j 
of  the  bijusc,  to  make  room  for  them.  But  this  is  nolj 
all ;  there  is  such  a  rage  in  tlie  neighborhood  agaiiisi  ll^"  j 
said  poor  ereaiures,  that  1  fear  they  will  mob  us  and  tl-h:-;] 
together.  For  Jo.  Pepy  having  lived  among  ;he  Pi.;;;  j 
byteriati.s,  and  treacherously  being  gone  iVoni  thf:aij;rt::i 
exaspoaled  them  in  the  highest  degree.  \ 

We  have  pul  t.\76  men  wiUi  them  to  be  U  c'r  mi  ] 
guard,  but  your  Honor  knows  very  well  that  this  'voni  ■ 
hinder  the  stream,  wtien  it  is  coming  upon  them  and  ii>j 
at  ihe  same  time.  I  proposed  to  them  to-day,  v;iieik(  r  1 
they  or  any  of  tliem  should  choose  to  go  with  N. wcasiir  | 
but  they  did  nctcare  for  it.  They  are  afraid,!  believe, b.".-| 
cause  they  have  deserted  from  the  Indians,  as  before  lie,  J 
the  English.  'I'hey  have  told  me  the  families  v/hich  aiv| 
mclined  to  come,  and  will  come,  if  tliey  can,  with  Nt;v  ! 
castle.  The  most  of  them  are  known  here,  to  l.c  yj  .■  * 
for  nolliing,  and  quite  faithless  crealmes.  ^ 

I  therefore  hundjly  beg  of  your  Honor  to  reiuovt  il  J 
said  Jo.  Pepy  and  Nicodenms  and  their  families,  ih:  ^ 
sooner  the  better,  to  Philadelphia,  for  there  thty  un:-  i.i  ^ 
the  heart  of  the  country,  and  mischief  may  be  p:  ■vrni.  :i  ■ 
which  could  breed  evil  consequences.  J 

As  for  the  rest,  I  hear  thai  Jo.  Pepy,  as  well  a.-:  Ni  v  \ 
demus,  have  been  all  along  employed  in  councils  ,ir.:i  ; 
treaties,  and  messengers,  since  the  time  the  war  begun  ;  i 
so  that  if  they  arc  friends  indeed,  they  may  give  your  ; 
Honor  a  light  into  many  tlhiijjs,  relating  to  th'^  h:d\?i^  \ 
ailairs.  I 

I  am,  your  Honor's  ! 

Tvlosl  humble  servant, 

SPANGENPEHC       \ 

I 
The  names  of  die   two  Delaware   familie:     now  . 
Bethlil.em,  tliat  cume  there  from  Diahoga,  Jiinc    ■; 
17.5(3; 


P' 


HISTORY  CF  ^f07^TtIAM^»T0N  COUNTY.  101 


■Joseph  Pepy,  WcwiilalDilenl ;  Sarah,  Natehetechque, 
(his  wife.)  Their  children — James  Petesch,  Isaac,  Sa- 
nih,  Jesaias  Gonasseiioolv,  INletts'hisli. 

Nicudemiis,  Weshicl.ngechive ;  Justiiia,  Saagochque. 
7'Ae/r  children — Zacharias,  Petachtshowechive  ;  Cliris- 
liaii  Pulloky,  Nalliau  Woupris,  Thomas  Potshalagee5>, 
(fOshutis,  Dorathe;i. 

Substance  of  whai  vjn:.  said  to  the  Indians  at  Bethle- 
hem, June  15,  17.3()  : 
\  '      Tiie  Indians,  viz:  iNuwoastle, Jagrea, John  Pomshire, 
Thomas  Stores  and  Jo:;eph  Milciiy,  being  togetlier,  and 
I,  I  some  of  tiie  Brethren  al  Bethlehem  present,  William 
\l^-  Edmonds  asked  the  Captain  abont  the  interpreter,  and 
John  Pomshire  was  ap[iointed  thereto.     Then  William 
Edmonds  informed   them   from  tlie  Governor's  letter, 
tiiat  by  a  letter  from  Mr.  Charles  Reed,  of  the  Jerseys, 
he  had  intelligence  that  some  white  people  were  gone 
from  I^aiilin's  llill,  in  the  Jerseys,  to  scom  after  and 
ikialp  the  Indians,  and  tlarefore  he  desired  out  of  love 
and  care  lor  the  safety  of  these  Indian  messengers,  we 
would  keep  them  here  so  long,  till  we  'could  send|  mc- 
iiengers  thither  to  enqtine  into  the  certainty  thereof,  and 
whither  they  were  returned,  and  if  they  had  killed  and 
done  any   Indians  mischief;  and  that  two  messengers 
were  sent  from  here  accordingly,  with   letters  to  Mr. 
Parsons  and  Justice  Anderson,  clesiring  them  to  assist 
them  all  they  could  on  their  journey.    Further,  that  since 
the  said  messengers  were  gone,  the  Governor  hath  been 
I  pleased  to  let  us  know  by  an  express,  that  he  hath  been 
I  iiitormed  by  Col.  Clai>ham,  that  Ogaghradarisha,  a  chief 
I  of  the  Six  Nations,  was  t;ome  to  Shamokin,  expressnig 
R  their  high  satisfaction  at  our  building  a  fort  at  Shamo- 
|l  kin,  and  that  another    Indian  of  Cayuga  had  accom- 
\  panied  him  as  far  as  Dialioga,  and  had  been  afraid  of 
,/  going  on,  thuugh  lie  might  have  come  safe  widi  Ogagh- 
I  radarisha. 

It  was  on  this  acc.Hini  the  Governor's  desire  that 
Newcastle  and  his  company  might  proceed  on  their 
journey  for  Diahoga,  as  soon  as  possible.  On  this  New- 
castle ,,  plied,  that    lie   v/ould   consult  with  his  com- 


11 

102  UISTOUy  O'/  NORTHAMPTON  COUNTT.  (,   [ 

panions,  and  lot  us  know  his  mind  to-morrow  moniiiig,  "  j 
The  next  morning  iie  said,  that  as  it  was  so  dangerous  ■■ 
now  to  go  up,  by  reason  ot'  the  Jersey  parties  wiio  wnre  1 1 
gone  out  against  die  Indians,  and  his  cousins  vv^ero  ready  |  ■ 
to  go  with  him  step  by  step  on  this  important  at!;'.ir,  he  t  ' 
should  be  short  in  duly,  and  always  to  blame,  i(  he  should  f  I 
proceed  widioul  first  acquainting  the  Governor  Ihnt  snid  |  . 
young  men  were  gone,  according  to  report  we  had  by  the  i  , 
messengers  sent  lo  Jersey,  especially  if  they  shonid  mw.\  ^  < 
with  his  co'.isins,  and  do  ihem  mischief.  I 

At  the  same  time,  he  dt;sired  that  liis  companions  \\ 
might  have  what  they  wanted  lor  their  journey;  und  y 
was  told,  thereupon,  that  the  Governor  liad  given  orders  !''. 
for  it,  and  that  wj.  would  not  fad  to  let  them  havi:  every  Ji 
thing  that  could  Ih;  got  here.  i 

WM.  EDMONDS.       f . 

t.  ■   i  t  '.■; 

Substance  of  what  was  delivered  to  Capt.  New ca silt  1  ^ 

at  Bethlehem,  June  26,  1756:  |^ 

At  a  solemn  meeting  with  Capt.  Newcastle  aiullua  v 

company,  and  .hi.  IV'py?  ^'^^  i*i 

Pirst — A  string  of  wampum  was  presented   io  Jo.  f| 

Pepy,  that  he  a)id  company  were   welcome  among  i;s.  ' 

They  then  were  told,  that  Ins  Honor  the  Governor,  liad  i 

given  orders  to  provide  them  the  necessary  relreshineuts  '•' 

&c.,  and  that  he  wants  to  know  what  ]iersons  and  fami-  | ■ 

lies  are  come,  and  what  families  are  still  at  Diahogn,  thiit  |*' 

'  perhaps  might  come  among  us.  % 

The  taking  of  a  copy  of  the  Governor's  proclai nation  J 

for  suspending  all  actions  of  hostilities,  &c.,  with  thcni,  ^ 
was  recommended,  and  we  found  they  had  one. 

The  Governor's  pass  was  read,  exi)lained,  and  tlicii  ^' 

delivered  to  them.      They  were  spoken  to   abont  the  '^ 

Hag,  it  being  the  king's,  which  by  no  means  shcudd  lo  k 

violated,  Diid  great  care   thereof  was  recoauncnded  to  l\ 

them.  ^' 

Tlic  additional  uiessnge  sent  by  the   GoveriMr,  was  ;*■ 

read  and  interpreted  to  Newcastle,  and  two  strings  be-  / - 

longing  to  il  delivered  to  him,  and  the  writing  itself  also,  f' j 

ili;it  lie  may  peruse  it  whenever  occasion  requires,.  i  • 


I 


HISTORF    or    KOnXIIAMPTON    COUNTY.  103 

'•  The  building  of  a  fort  at  Shamokin,  and  the  great 
necessity  for  it,  was  strongly  represented  to  Newcastle, 
▼iz :  That  the  Five  Nations  liad  pressed  it  very  nmch, 
and  Scarroyady  urged  also  very  much  the  finishing  of 
it  when  he  was  at  Philadelj)hia,  and  this  matter  must  be 
represented  in  iis  real  light  to  the  Indians  at  Diahoga. 
It  is  for  the  safety  of  cur  friendly  Indians  along  the  Sus- 
quehanna. 

-  They  were  told  fnithcr,  that  Ogaghradarisha  was  a; 
Shamokin, and  voiy  glad  '.if  the  fort  which  they  are 
building  there.  That  he  was  c  died  by  the  (Jovernor  to 
Philadelphia,  and  would  lujt  he  detained  longer  than 
needful.  Newcastle  M^as  desired  to  relate  tliis  to  the 
Indians  at  Dialioga. 

Newcastle  was  also  iiiloriucd  that  it  would  be  agreea 
ble  to  the  Governor's  mind,  if  one  or  two  of  those  In- 
dians, who  lately  cairie  Iroui  Diahoga,  should  go  along 
with  him.  Newcastlcj's  joiu-ney  was  urged  that  it 
might  not  ho  delayed  ;  and  lie  promised  to  go  as  soon  at; 
his  health  would  j^ermit ;  he  being  as  yet  a  little  indis- 
posed by  reason  of  sui,.o  buils. 

A  siring  of  wami)inji  was  sent  to  .Fohn  Shickcalamy. 
signifying  that  the  (iovcrnor  invites  him  to  come  to  him, 
and  if  jiossible,  in  company  with  Capt.  Newcastle. 

At  last  a  string  of  WL'irjpum  was  delivered  to  New 
castle,  whicli  is  sent  by  tlie  Governor  to  the  Iriendly  In- 
dians, signhymg  that  as  Sir  William  Johnson  hath  invited 
the  Six  Nations,  and  all  the  wesli:rn  Indians  to  Oswego, 
it  was  left  entirely  to  (heir  own  choice,  either  to  go  to 
the  treaty  at  Osvv^ego,  or  come  (o  the  Governor  at  Phila- 
delphia— Sir  William  and  the  (iovernor  being  of  one 
and  the  same  interest,  lioth  friends  to  the  Indians,  and 
servants  to  the  same  king. 

After  we  weic  just  going  (o  break  up,  Jo.  Pepy  de- 
clared openly  in  the  Delaware  language,  which  was 
interpr  ted  by  Pomps! liio,  diat  he  was  very  sorry  tljat 
he  had  taken  such  a  mis-.st;p,  as  to  leave  liis  English 
Brethren,  when  he  should  have  come  nearer  to  them. 

He  s;iid  further,  that  he  :,ince  then  had  been  excessiv*:- 
ly  t'  iviuied  in  mind   about  it,  and  not  being  able  to  Yivl 


104  Hi;sroRi'  ov  Northampton'  county. 


I! 


any  longer   under  such  oppixission  and   uneasiness  of  ■<  ■ 
mind,  he  at  ifist  rosoived   and  ventured  his  lite,  and  so 

returned  v/ilh  all  his  i'amily  to  the  English  again.     Now  .  ^ 

he  hegs  very  much  to  be  forgiven,  and  sin-renders  liiui-  \  ^ 

self  entirely  to  the  mercy  of  tlie  government,  to  do  v/iti;  i  , 

!nm  as  they  pleased.  ''  j 

He  further  said,  that  he  knew  ten  or  twelve  tariiilioi,  ;'  , 

which  would   I'e    glad   to   come   down   again    lo   dic  , 

English,  but  he  did  not  think  proper  to  acquaint  tfoni  ei  |  ^ 

his  resohuioii,  \d\<M\  he  went  himself,  and  so  leli   ilnin  ' 

behind.  j' 

Then  he  was  tcld  what  his  Honor  the  Govern,  r  liu^l  \i 

written  concerning  them,  .viz  :     That  they  were  wel-  f 

come  among  us,  .md  that  he  expected  to  hear  wli.)  dii,y  i; 

were,  and  their  names,  and  then  lie  woidd  appoii.t  i'ot  -' 

them  accordingly,  a  place  of  safety.     In  the  moan  tin.-  •' . 

they  were  to  stay  anjong  us,  and  tor  their  securily  vo  j.^ 

will  give  them  two  of  our  white  bretliren   to  be   dieir  . 

guard,  that  none  .hall  hurt  them  ;  and  in  case  any  v/lii.c  [: 

man  should  i;ome  and  ollbr  to  speak  witli  them,  In;  shuli  J.;- 

be  ret'used,  ex(;epi  he  have  an  order  i'rom  a  magisirau  fc 

and  in  tliis  siuiaiion  ihey  are  to  remain  till  I'urther  •■uli.'o  n 

from  his  llouor,  I  lie  Governor.  % 

WIVI.  EDMONDS/  | 

l^etter  from  'i\  Horselield,  to  Governor  Morris..  P 

•  '  ■  i 

Bethlehem,  July  0,  I  Jju  % 

May  it  yltuse  your  Honor  :  1 

I  received  you;  Honor's  liivor  of  the  4th  inst.,  by  ri-  | 

turn -of  the  express,  and  agreeable  to  your  diructien.-  <: 

liave  bespoke  tluee  of  the    Indians   two   shirts  and   :;  | 

blanket  for  eacli,  which   shall  be  delivered  to  tlieni  in  I 

your  Honor's  nriuie.     The  inclosed  papers  will  inform  ' 

your  Honor  the  occasion  of  this  express.     The  liidians  ^^ 

desire  to  be  despatched  as  soon  as  possible.    The  reason  i 

of  it,  your  Honor  will  please  to  observe  their  families  are  \ 

in  much  \v\\\\\  of  provision.     They  will,  howev. v,  v/ait  g 

•Prov.  }i;c.,  0.  J?JG-V,  % 


HISTORY  OF  NORTHAMPTON  COUNTT.  10,J 

two  days  for  your  Ilunor's  answer,  by  which  time  I 
hope  this  express  will  return. 

.  We  labor  under  much  diOicuIty  on  account  of  these 
Indians  wanting  their  guns  repaired,  and  to  have  some 
powder  and  leaU,  v/hicli  we  cannot  ])y  any  measure  do, 
unless  we  have  year  Honor's  express  conniiand  for  ii. 
If  it  be  your  pleasure  it  shall  be  done  or  not,  please  to 
signify  it,  as  year  Honor's  conniiand  shall  be  strictly 
obeyed.  I  beg  ieavc  to  observe  Kolapecka,  Paxinosa's 
son,  seems  very  desirous  to  carry,  according  lo  the  Indian 
way  of  speakiiit?,  some  words  from  your  Honor  to  hii 
father. 

I  am,  with  all  due  respect, 
'i  ^  Your  Honor's  most  obedient 

Humble  servant, 

TIMO.  HORSEFIELI).^ 

;  (0^A  paper  enclosr  I  in  the  foregoing  letter. 

Ihtldchem,  July  (i,  1756. 

Last  night,  in  the  dark  of  the  evening,  arrived  a 
Bethlehem,  fom-  Indians  fiom  Diahoga,  widi  a  convoy 
from  fort  Allen,  and  a  letter  from  Newcastle,  which  i.- 
enclosed.  As  Newcastle  desired  tliat  kmdness  might 
be  shown  them,  they  \^ere  cheerfully  received  anil  en- 
tertained. 

This  morning  they  were  visited,  and  told  at  the  sann 
time  that  a  messenger  should  ho  sent  to  the  Governor, 
and  therefore  they  should  let  us  know  what  they  had  ti'- 
say  to  the  Governor.  Kolapecha,  Packsinosa's  son,  n 
Shawanese,  answered  lo  this  effect : — He  did  not  couk 
from  Diahoga  with  an  intent  to  go  to  Bethlehem,  hUt 
was  out  a  hunting,  his  family  being  scarce  of  provision::. 
That  Shekashano,  Mekikachpe  and  VV'enimah,  all 
Shawanese,  now  of  Diaiioga,  and  formerly  of  Wyomink, 
in  liis  coni])any— ihutnct  being  sent  by  tlie  chiefs,  he  had 
no  message  to  the  Governor,  nor  could  he  tell  us  any 
news.     So  miiel;,.  however,  he  knew — ihat  mne  natioM':; 

•i^     v.  Uec,  0.  179. 


106  illSTOK\'    OF    NOUTIIAMPTON    COUNTr.  ;      >. 

were  in  the  Cnylish  interest,  viz:  The  Shawanf^sc, 
Tasaiiiiig,  Nuniicokes,  Tuscaroras,  Tuttelars,  Onoiidii-  :  ,^ 
goes,  Cayu^iis,  Sunkikmun  and  (ianossetage.  And  he  ;  i 
said  I  am  sure  ll»ey  are  all  friends  to  the  English.  i5e-  •  : 
ing  asked  ahoul  the  Dclawarcs,  liis  answer  was:  Al;out  i  ! 
ihem  I  can  s  ry  nothing.  .   ; 

About  Ins  l.iihii;- he  told   lis,  that  he  was  gone  wuli    ,   ; 
another  clu^l,  (,i'  the  iMennisink  nation,  whose  name  is 
Onandaniiikiii,  u-  meet  Sir  Wm.  Johnson  at  tlie  enincil    \    | 
with  the  Indian-;  at  Onandago.  \   ] 

Tiien  h(  .;  ;;s  a,!, -d  ;dH)Ut  Ihe  Alleghany  Indians,  wiili  J,  > 
an  intent  lo  joni  them  and  to  lall  upon  the  English,  ^^\ 
whether  \ui  had  heard  any  thing  of  it.  He  said  h.^  ;* 
knew  that  ^ome  ■>.  ere  gv)ne  there  from  Diahoga,  In!  for  ',  : 
what  end  1  do  nU  know.      I  could  not  hnd  out.  I 

Paxinosi's  si^i,  told  the  lirelhren  that  if  they  hadan^    ^■ 
message  to  his  lidlier,  he  would   bring  their  words  unto 
him.     Hereupon  iie   was  told    that  the  Brethren    ■.verc    ^ 
private  persons,  ,,iu\  that  it  would   be  better  he  staid  lor    \  ^ 
(he  Governor's  words.      lie  said   I  can't  stay  long,  (or    J 
my  iiumlv  is  in   want.       I  will  however  stay  a   ennpl.     j; 
of  days,  and    should   be  glad  to  take  up  some  Wr'ids  tu    fV 
my  lather. 

He  was  told  that  as  he  wanted  to  bring  down  liiii    *^ 

family,  he    should   l:e  heli)ed  with  some  ])rovision3,*      |': 

The    silnaiion   .>i   Ihe  i)eople  at   Helhlehem,  became    y^ 

still  more  id.irnn  ig.     At  ihiscritical  juncture, Mr.  Horse-    l» 

field  addressed   (iovcrnor  Morris  in  the  following  Ian-    ^ 

guage :  I 

Jiethkhe7n,Julyl,  175G.         | 

May  it  ph'AKC.  your  Honor:  ( 

I  thmk  it  my  duly  to  acquaint  your  Honor  witii  die    g 

great   danger    'v  herein    we    apprehend    not    only    the     1 

Brethren   :.t    BeiMebem   and  their  fannlies,  but  ail  llie     1 

country  r^anul  about  us,  are  in  at  present.  ^j 

Yoii'r  11  .nor  ba.s  n  vited  the  friendly  Indians,  by  laipi.     | 

Newcasli'. ,  lo  conie  into  this  province,  with  a  promise     ^» 

that    (bey   should    be  kindly  received  and  enUitained.    W 

Your  Honor  h.s  given  out  a  proclauialion  at  li.';  ^anic    i| 

-Pov.  ii:<:.,  O,  17i}.  I 


»- 


HISTORY    OF    ;\OftTnAMPTON    COUNTY.    .  107 

time,that  the  Indians  corning  into  Pennsylvania  should  be 
received  as  friends,  -owl  not  tn^aled  as  enemies  (ill  the 
third  of  July,  a.  c.  Now  Capt.  Newcastle  sends  Indians 
to  liethleheni,  of  whom  we  are  not  sure  whether  they 
are  friends  or  enennes  ;  and  we  may  expect  more  are 
coining.  And  who  knows  iiow  many  may  come  with 
them  under  the  pretence  of  being  friends ;  therefore 
•give  it  your  Honor's  wise  consideration. 

1st,  Whether  wicked  peojile  that  are  bitter  against 
the  Indians, cainioi  ;iiid  muy  n(^t  fall  upon  Ihem  and  de- 
stroy them,  the  ii|(Miani;',li(ji,  being  expired. 

2iid.  Whether  ilic  Indians  wlio  come  under  pretence 
of  being  friends,  as  they  have  not  engaged  a  cessation 
of  arms,  and  as  tlicy  anually  do  keep  their  arms,  may 
not  fall,  not  only  upon  uj  in  Bethlehem,  but  also  upon 
all  the  country,  anti  do  a  great  deal  of  mischief. 

Your  Honor  will  please  consider  that  eitlier  of  the  be- 
fore mentioned  things  Ctu  prove  fatal  and  destructive  to 
the  province,  and  his  Majesty's  most  dutiful  suhjtM'ts. 

It  is  therefore  thatlW',  Hrethien  from  InMhleliem,  viz  : 
NiUhan  Seidel  and  ('hrisii:in  Thos.  lU'n/.ier, arc  appoint- 
ed to  go  in  the  name  ol'  all  the  inhahilants  of  Helhlchem, 
to  represent  this  aljairin  its  proj)er  light,  to  ymn-  Honor; 
and  they  do  iiope  that  your  Honor  will  not  exj)ose  them 
like  sheep  to  the  mouths  of  the  wolves;  but  send  sucli 
orders  to  theconniiaiuling  oilicers  at  Fort  Allen,  &c.,  &e., 
that  they  may  either  laej)  tlie  Indians  arriving  at  any 
of  the  forts,  or  eonducl  tliem  under  proper  convoy  to 
Philadelphia,  or  where  your  Honor  thiidvs  most  proper ; 
and  let  us  know  yoiu'  pleasure,  whether  these  Indians 
that  came  lately  to  Helhlehem,  viz:  Re[)c  Nicodemus, 
&c.,  should  not  come  to  Philadelphia  or  any  other  place, 
Bethlehem  being  already  so  full  and  so  crowded,  thalin 
most  of  our  rooms  we  have  been  I'orced  to  lodge  twenty 
or  twenty-fivi!  porsun.s,  antl  s.jvenly  of  our  Indians  to 
have  lived  all  (he  v'/inter  m  a  small  house,  where  they 
had  but  two  rootno. 

I  am  your  Hoi^ur's  most 

Obodibiit  and  lmml)le  servatit, 

TIMO.  HUIiS INFIELD.' 

*l'-jv   Kec,  0.  i81. 


108  iCSrOi'./    01'    NOKTflAMPTON    COUNTS. 

[^Gtter  [rem  (iovonior  Morris  to  W.  Parsons. 

Philadelphia,  July  11,  17j<'i. 

Sir— llaviii>.5  or-lercd  the  Indians  at  Bethlehem,  and 
such  other  liioiidly  Indians  as  shall  come  thither,  ti;  b-? 
removed  to  KaKton,you  will  inmiediately  make  tl  e  nc- 
(.-essary  preparations  of  houses  and  provisions  for  liicir 
reception,  and  ac  a  certain  time  to  be  agreed  upon  lor 
their  reuuAal,  you  wiil  order  an  escort  of  the  town  ol 
IJelhlchem,  to  |n'oiect  ihem  on  the  road. 

While  iliuy  n  ni.iin  at  Iviston,  you  will  take  care  [h:;i 
the  soldiers  and  olncLis  keep  strictly  to  their  duly,  thai 
the  guards  and  srntrics  are  regularly  relieved,  anti  the 
arms  kept  iii  gom!  order,  and  either  discharged  or  Uruwn 
every  other  day  ;  and  you  will  post  them  in  such  man- 
ner as  will  iu(jst  eireclLially  protect  them  from  the  insulin 
of  the  people,  and  prevent  any  evil  designs,  in  case  fhey 
:!>liould  not  be  so  j.iendly  as  they  pretend. 

The  charges  ailending  this  service,  you  draw    lilli; 
upon  the  conmus^ioners  for, sending  tliem  the  necesMuy 
accounts;  and  yi  ii  will  inform  me  i'rom  tune  tu  lime, 
what  is  done  in  conse(iuence  of  these  orders. 
I  a.m,  your  very 
Humble  servant, 

iioirr.  II.  MORRIS,' 

Notwilh.staudin/  the  Governor's  orders  to  make  pre- 
parations lo  remove  the  Indians  from  Bethlehem  le 
Easton,  there  were  still  a  considerable  nmnber  ul  die 
former  place,  annuig  the  Brelhren,  as  will  appeal  l.on'. 
the  following  stahnienl  : 

The  Governor  menlioned  to  the"  council,  December 
0,  175G,thaiat  his  instance,  Mr.  S])angenberg  had  made 
out  a  list  u'f  tb';  Muruvian  Brethren  belonging  lo  die 
Jiethlehem  l'L;oiieiny,  and  a  state  of  their  society  in  o.her 
parts  of  Anieri,  en  wbieii  was  read  ;  and  it  appeal luj  by 
'Mr.  .Spangenl:(!ig's  account,  that  at  this  time  (Decembn 
175G)  there  are  at  Ikthleljem  Jive  hundred   and  leu 


f 


HISTORY    OF    NORTH AMP]"ON    COUNTY.  105.) 

perso7is,  besides  ni^iely-^^ix  children,  some  orphans  and 
others,  helongingto  some  Brcihicn.und  Iriends,  wlio  are 
not  of  the  Beihlehem  Economy. 

That  Bethlehem  mokos  oui  a  eorlain  Rehgious  Society, 
intended  I'or  tlie  I'urtlierancc  of  the  Gospel,  as  well 
among  the  heathens  as  thri.stiaiis.  Forty-eight  of  the 
above  mentioned  Iheiluon  and  Sisters  are  actually  em- 
ployed for  that  end  among  the  iieathens,  not  only  on  the 
continent  of  America,  as  Pemisylvania,  New  England, 
Barbice,  Surinam,  &.c. :  but  also  m  several  Islands,  as  St. 
Thomas,  Croix,  Jamaica,  «S:c. 

'  Besides  those  moiiiioncJ  just  now,  there  are  fifty-foia 
of  them  employed  in  Pennsylvania,  New  York,  New 
England,  Jersey  and  Carolina  govermnents,  in  preaching 
the  Gospel,  keeping  schools  and  the  like.  Sixty-two  ol' 
them  are  merely  employed  in  the  education  of  our  chil- 
dren at  Bethlehem  and  Nazareth,  as  attendants  and  tu- 
tors. Forty-tivc  single  men,  and  eight  couples  of  mar- 
ried people  are  gone  to  Carolina,  to  make  a  new  settle- 
ment there,  and  liliy  nh^ie  who  are  come  for  tiiat  end 
from  Europe,  will  go  there  soon. 

There  are  seventy-two  of  tht;  above  mentioned  Breth- 
ren hi  holy  orders,  viz :  Four  Bishops,  twelve  Ordina- 
ries, (Priests)  and  the  rest  Deacons,  and  as  many  t.^oo/ic- 
thi,  who  are  preparing  for  the  ministry  in  the  congrega- 
tion, and  now  and  ihen  made  use  of  like  Deacons. 

About  ninety  of  the  ctnldren  at  Bethleliem  and  ?4aza- 
reth,  have  their  parents  abroad,  mostly  on  tlie  Gosper."- 
account.  Four  hundred  and  twenty-hve  of  those  in  tiu. 
Ibregoing  fist  are  under  age.  Not  all  who  are  named 
in  this  catalogue,  live  in  Bethlehem  township,  but  sonu 
m  Sacona,  some  in  Licky,  and  some  in  another  toun- 
sliip,  adjoining  BethlehcLii  township. 

There  are  eighty-two  Indians  besides  those  young  In- 
dian women,  who  live  v.'ith  (Air  young  women,  and 
besides  the  savagCd^  who  are  going  and  coining,  and 
staying  longer  or  shorter  with  us.* 

'Provincial  Uecoru^,!*.  pa.  iOS. 


,;    ;;  CHAPTER  IX. 

■      *  LEHIGH  COUNTY. 

Leiikmt  County  was  separated  from  Northnnpic;. 
county  Ly  an  act  of  Assembly  passed  the  6\h  Marcii 
1812.     The  ;  ct  defines  the  boinidariesas  follows: 

"  That  all  that  part  of  Northampton  county,  lying  ai'  1 
being  widiin  liic  limits  of  the  following  townsiiips,  m 
wit:  The  townships  of  Lynn,  Ileidleburg,  J.owiiili 
Weissenliurg,  Maeungie,  Upper  MiKord,  South  While- 
hail,  Northampion,  Salis])ury,  Ujiper  Sancon,  aid  di;ii. 
part  of  liano'v'^  I'  township  within  the  following  bonruls 
to  wit:  IJegiimiiig  at  liclldehem  line  where  it  jeins  iIk- 
Leliigh  river  ;  thenec;  along  the  said  line  imtil  it  iiitci-sec!,') 
tho  road  leading  iroin  i5edileheni  to  the  J^ehigh  Water 
Gap;  thence  a'ong  said  road  to  Allen  townshij)  line. 
thence  along  tii>'  hue  of  Allen  township,  wesUvr.rdiy,  1 1 
the  Lehigh,  sIklU  1)c,  and  the  same  are  iiereby,  acc.jrdi)\ 
to  their  present  lines,  declared  to  be  erected  into  a  i 
county,  heneeforthlo  be  called  LEnrcu."  j 

'i'his  county  is  bounded  on  the  nort-west  by  the  Kiii.»-  ] 
tinny,  oi  l)lue  mouutains,  separating  it  from  Sciiuylkill  \ 
and  Carbon  counties,  north-east  by  JNorthampton,  south-  | 
east  by  Bucks,  and  south-west  by  Montgomery  ansl  : 
Berks  counties.  The  physical  appearance  of  the  country  j 
is  diversided.  The  surlace  is  generally  level,  ui  .'•on:r  ; 
places  rolling,  in  others  rugged  and  somewliat  broken.  ] 
The  lofty  Kittatinny  on  the  north,  gives  that  portion  iii  ' 
peculiar  features.  Tlie  Lecha  Hill,  or  vSouth  mciintain  ; 
crosses  tlie  south-east  i)ortion  of  the  county,  which  gives  ' 
tlie  couuiiy  a  rugged  surlace.  This  mountain  range  iy  • 
of  priminy  formation,  abounding  with  iron  ore.  Be-  ' 
tween  the  South  and  lilue  mountains,  is  the  fc:itile  Kit-  ; 
tulinny  valley,  perhaps  unsurpassed  in  agricnkurd  ; 
wealth,  being  liighly  cidtivuted  by  au  industrious  cluss  j 

3 
i 

I 


f 


HISl-ORY    OV    LEHIGH    COUNTY.  Ill 


of    our   worthy   fuilow  citizens,  Germans  by  descent, 
I  '     whose  habits  ot'  iiidiUitry  and  (Vugalily  they  retain. 

Perhaps  (cw  couiitir:-;  in  the  slate,  are  more  pictur- 
esque and  varied  than  Leliigh.  The  valley  portion  of 
the  county  is  ne  uly  .-(jnally  divided  between  the  lime- 
stone and  clay  slate  forinatiou. 

"The  most  iniportatit  productions  are  those  of  agri- 
culture. In  a  feriiie  region  like  tiiis,  an  industrious  popu- 
\  iation  naturally  looks  to  the  tillage  of  the  soil,  us  their 
ji  surest  dependence!  for  support  an(J  profit.  Considerable 
'  progress  has,  ho\v':;ver,  l.'oen  made  in  many  branches  of 
manufacturing  in:lr;sli'y,  and  the  devclopunieni  of  the 
mineral  resources  o(  Ihc  country  has  not  been  neglected. 
The  iron  ore  of  this  region  supplies  material  for  the 
operation  of  sevciral  AiriKues,  viz:  Tlie  Crane  Iron 
Works,  Stephen  IJallici'.s  Furnace,  Hunter's  &  Miller'a 
Furnace,  and  Ibach's  I'orge.  The  Crane  \\'orks,  of  a 
very  iage  size,  are  conslrucicid  expressly  to  smelt  iron 
with  anthracite  coal,  by  means  of  tlie  hot  blast. 

The  county  is  well  watered  by  the  Lehigh  river  and 
its  numerous  tributaii',  s,  viz:  Antelauiiy.  <jr  Maiden 
creek,  ('aply,  oi'  lialliei's,  Trout,  Jordan,  (\ciir,  Calada- 
que,  Perkiomen,  and  Liille  Jueliigh  creeks;  Crowner's, 
Linn,  Willow  and  Sinking  runs. 

,  The  Ji(;high  river,  cJled  LeckhmVyhy  the  Indians, 
signifying  jy^cst  Branch,  is  a  branch  of  the  Delaware. 
It  rises  in  Wayne,  Pike  and  Luzerne  counties,  but  it.Ti 
various  tributaries  unite  ucar  Stoddartsville,on  tlie  north- 
western border  of  IVlonroe  county,  and  as  the  stream 
flows  onward,  it  augments  by  receiving  the  waters  of 
many  moimtaiu  crcieks;  and  in  its  course  of  twenty-live 
miles,  it  makes,  at  the  mouth  of  Wright's  Mill  creek,  a 
turn  nearly  south  ;  and  alter  stealing  a  serpuiitine  course 
of  twenty  miles,  it  reaches,  by  v/ay  ol"  Mauch  Chunk, 
Lehightou.  Here  it  di  ilccts  to  the  south-east,  and  pur- 
sues that  direction  tweuty-frve  miles,  to  Allentown,  wlien 
it  turns  at  an  angle  of  one  hundred  and  twenty  or  more 
degrees  to  the  Lehigh  Hills,  Hows  hard  by  Hethlehem, 
and  twenty  five  miles  bekc.y.  reaches  the  Delaware  rive.'. 
In  its  coiu'seil  receives,  v.'ilhin  Carbon  county,  from  th- 


112                          IlIi'JOKY     OF    LEHIGH    COUNTY.  |^ 

'i , 

west  side^  Quauukc  creek,  Nesqnehoning,  Mauch  CliunL,  '. 
JMalioniiig  and  Lizard  creeks;  I'rorn  the  east,]Jear  creek, 

Big   creek,   formed    of    lloed's   creek,    Poko-po-poko,  '- 
Aquaijsliicola ; "  from  Lehigh  comity,  Trout  creek,  Jordan 

<;rcek,   Littlc:    Lcliigh,   Iloekyondaque,  Mill   creek,  or  ;  . 

Caladaquo,  Moiiukacey;  in  Northampton  county,  lioni  | 
the  south,  S.aicoi.  creek,  hesides  some  small  runs.t 

The  L(dii;di  iii:iy,  witli  much  propriety,  by  called,  "  ^J  5 

Mounlai."  TarruU,^^  It  rushes  headlong  when  swollen,  ! 

and  swe(,']ib  ^'.\'<A-\'  impcidiiig  obstacle.     The  fall    of  t!u'  • 

river  is,  fioru  Stoddardsville,  to  the  mouth  of  the  Ne.s-  r 

quehoning  ere;  k.  jboiit  two  miles  above  Lausanne,  and  ; 

three  above  iMaiich  Chuidf,  845  feet;  from  Nesqueiio-  1, , 

iiiugto  the  Lehigh  Water  Gap,  260  feet ;  from  ihe  flai)  ; 
to  Easton,  'J05  Icut.     I'hus  in  a'comparative  coiirse,  of 

less  than  sevenly  miles,  it  has  a  fall  of  thirteen  hmidred  J. 

and  ten  le'et.     Vx^wn  Easton  to  tide  water,  in  the  ])ola-  i' 

ware  river  at  'i'i' -ntou,  the  stream  falls  about  one  li'.in-  I 

dred   feet.     The   Lehigh   at   Stoddartsville,  is  therefore  | 
elevated  1410  feet  above  the  level  of  the  ocean. 

The  navigation  of  the  river  has  been  much  improveii,  | 

In  its  natural  slaio,  the  Lehigh  was  navigable  for  boat'.  >v 

carrying  lilteen  (mus,  as  far  as  Lausanue,  at  the  i'uot  '.1  ' 

(he  J3ruad  momuuin,  when  a  rocky  rapid  just  above  llie  | 

Turnliole,  called  Ikitchctootk  Fulls,  improved  ilie  as-  y 

cending  navigation.       When   tlie    river    was   low — iii  i^ 

August  and  Sepi  ;mber — boats  with  heading  coiild   net  j 
ascend  furdier  ll.aii  Allentovvn. 

The  navigatiLui  of  the  Lehigh  was  improved  pniici-  t 

pally  by  the  e:-:(3rtions  of  Messrs.    Josiali   White  and  ]■: 

Er-skinc  Hazard,  who  olitained,  March  20,  1818,  frojn  ^ 

the  Legislature  .a  act  to  authorize  them  to  commence  0 

their  operations. ''                                            „  \ 

'J'lie   improvements  made  by  the  Lehigh  Coal  and  | 

Navigation   Company,  are   of  great   advantage  to  ibis  |k 

county,  by  alfurdiiig  a  <;lieup  and  ready  means  u(  nans-  ^f 


•In  the  I'loviucial  Uucords,  in  the  Secretary's  office  al  11.  .  ri.-^t  ar^; 
the  name  ol'  ihi.s  stream  is  written  Aquanihehah.  Kecont  of  tJhrr- 
ters  aiid  Indian  Deeds,  ji.  128. 

jFor  uu  account  oi'  small  ilreams,  see  description  of  u.  *n.iii|;.^ 


^- 


1  p;    ■ 

nrsTOUY  OF  lehigh  county.  113 

^'  porting  produce  and  merchandize,  as  well  as  consid- 

^>  «rable  liome  tniulvct.     liy  this  iiiivigation  a  surplus  of 

provisions,  iioiir,  hay,  &ic.,  is  c  iriicd  to  Mauch  Chunk, 

"  and  to  the  tinih<,-r  region  higlicr  up.     And  that  des- 

tined lor  Philudjipliia  is  sent  by  way  of  Easton,  and 
thence  by  canal  to  liiistol  and  Piiiladelphia.  Mer- 
ciiandize  is  brought  hack  in  return. 

In  this  connection,  is  presented  an  attempt  to  de- 
jscribe  u  stupemlous  work  of  nature,  namely  : 

JJie  Lecha  IVasser-Kaft,  i.  e.  the  Leh'i^h  JVater 
Gap,  in  tiie  Kittatinny,  or  15lne  mountain,  the  divid- 
ing line  betwetn  Carbon  county  and  that  of  l^eliigh 
and  Nortluunpton,  is  so  named  from  the  river  Leliigh, 

[i  which  steals  its  way  through  the  G(ip,  prominently 
walled  on  both  sides,  forms  a  sublime  object  of  admi- 
ration, and  ju'estuits  to  the  observant  spectator,  one 
of  the  most  piciaresqne  j)ros])ects  in  east  Pennsylva- 
nia. At  almost  every  season  of  the  year,  the  diversi- 
fied defile  is  exceedingly  attr.  ctivc.  The  writer 
visited  this  place  in  September,  1844.  In  ascending 
the  eastern  bank  some  jinndred  feel,  the  scene  height- 
ens in  grandeur,  and  ;lic  stream— the  beauiiful,  yet 
curling,  rippled  waters  of  the  Luhigh  river,  add  mucii, 
nay  every  thing,  to  make  it  impressive  beyond  obliv- 
ion. 'JMiough  it  is  seemingly  a  rugged  stream  Acre,  yet 
as  you  fi)llo\v  it  m  its  coiu'se, through  a  fertile  region  of 
country,  receiving  tributaries  of  different  seizes,  until 
itself  IS  a  consideralile  river,  be'ore  it  reaches  its 
silvery  recipient,  the  Delaware.  It  is  in  all  its  ways, 
as  well  as  at  the  Gup,  where  it  rolls  majestically  over 
a  rupio  bed,  and  reflecting  a  sombre  shade  of  the  im- 
pending mountains,  a  grand  stream. 

'J'o  return  to  the  Gap.  The  eastern  bank  is 
bordered  lor  the  distance  of  about  a  mile  !)y  craggy 
cliffs,  towering  to  an  amazing  height,  and  of  forms  the 
mosi  bizarre.  ILtween  which  wall  of  rocks  and  the 
river  the  road  w  inds  along.  Hastening  to  leave  these 
black  abodes,  v/hich  seem  to  afiord  shelter  to  none 
:  but  the  ravenous  beasts  of  the  lorest,  the  I^ehigh  ap- 
pear.: lugerly  moving  on  towards  tlie  fertile  low 
H 


Ill  HISTOUY    OP    LEHiair    COUNTY. 

lands,  which  succuod  in  view,  on   the  eastern  baulc  t 

Ascending  the  easlorn  height,  the  traveUer  i^;  am-  j 

jily  rewarded  i'or  the  exertion  ol'  cUnibing  from  rock  to  j 

rock,  hi  scaling  the  pine  covered  side  of  the  nionntain.  1 

by  the  ricli  and   extensive   prospect  which  the   eye-  ^ 

then  coiiiniahtls.     At  his  feet  roll  the  waters  of  tlie  | 

tnajestic  siieaiu — on  the  opposite  side  is  a  towtiing  I 

ridge,  near  tin;  •sumniit  of  whicli  appears,  right  oppo-  J 

site,  enieigiiig  uom  the  surrounding  woods,  a  iuncly  | 

pileofrock'j,  whimsically  called, '"yj/e  Teufel's  Kojv  I 

ze/,"  i.  c.  •'•  T/ie.  Dcoil's  Pulpit''  which  indigtuuitiy  j 

sutlers  but  a  few  bUuicd  pines  to  shade  its  sullen  Luow..  | 

At  a  distance  an  extensive  country,  variegated  with  | 

woods  and  farms,  watered  by  the  nieanderiiig  Lehigh,  \ 

and  ridgo  retiring  behind  ridge,  till  lost  in  the  faint  \ 
tints  of  the  iiorizon,  all  bursts  upon  the  sight,  and  fill 
the  mind  with  sublime  ideas  of  the  greatness  of  dm 

Creator.    The  shattered  rocks,  thrown  together  in  wild  ' 

confusion,  and  the  strata  of  rouiuled  stones,  which  \ 
are  to  be  met  with  in  passing  through  the  Ciap,  have 
given  rise  to  the  supposition  that  the  Lehigh,  b-diig 

obstructed  in  w^  course  by  the  lilue  mountain,  was  j 

formerly  daimiied  up  into  a  lake,  which  at  ieiiglli  I 

bursting  the  b;irrier,  formed  the  chasm  now  called  the  j 

Lehigh  Gap.     The  learned  have  not  agreed,  as  yet,  \ 

in  the  decision  of  this  mooted  point.  \ 

A  learned  Wiitersays:     "It  m  common  lo  ^pcak  j 

of  such  passes  as  being  formed  by  the  rivers,  which  | 

are  often  supposed  to  have  burst  their  barriers,  and  '" 

thus  to  have  shaped  their  own  channels.     This  may  1 

have  happeneu  in  some  peculiar  cases,  and  tlieri;  arc  \ 

doubtles  many  instcUices  where  the  lakes,  of  which  \ 

many  must  have  been  left  at  the  retiring  both  of  the  ;' 

primeval  and  of  the  diluvial   ocean,  have  worii  or  \ 

burst  away  their  barriers,  especially  when  compojjcd,  | 

as  they  mxxsi  o'.icn   have  been,  of  loose  mat. .rials.  \ 

Jkit   with    respect   to   most   rocky  passes   of  rivery  \ 

through  mountains,  there  appears  no  reason  what-  » 

ever  to  believe  that  the  waters  have  torn  asbundcr  i 

the   solid    strata.      A   uiore  resistleas  energy  nm^t  1 


! 


HlSlOnk'    CF     LEHIGH    COVHTY.  115 

have  been  requisite  tor  such  an  elfect  •,  and  we  must 
therefore  conclude  that  the  rivers  have,  in  most  in- 
stances, merely  ilov/od  on  through  the  lowest  and 
least  obstructed  passiiges.  Then-  channels  they  liave 
^doubtless  deepened  and  moditied,  ol'ten  to  an  uston- 
isiihig  dergree  but  they  have  rarely  formed  them 
through  solid  rock.-,/' — Sllliman. 

Tlie  county  is  conveniently  intersected  by  good 
roads — the  streams  are  readily  crossed  by  substantial 
bridges.  The  county  is  well  supplied  with  mills. 
There  are  about  seventy  grist  mills,  tifty  saw  milLs 
seven  oil  mills,  six  wooleii  factories,  and  several  full- 
ing mills,  three  pov/der  mills  and  one  paper  mill  in 
the  county,  besides  thirty  tanneries,  ■ 

The  county  is  divided  into  the  following  townships, 
whicii  are  fully  described  hi  tiie  sequel, viz :  Hanover, 
Heidelberg,  Low  Hill,  Linn,  Lo\ven,Macunjy,  North- 
ampton, North  Whitehall,  Salisbury,  Soutli  White- 
hall, Upper  Milford,  LTppcr  JNlacunjy,  Upper  Saucon 
and  Weissenberg. 

The  population  of  this  county  was,  in  1820,  17,175  ; 
in  1830,  22,2t)tj;  hi  18  10,  x!5,787. 

The  first  court  lield  in  the  county  met  in  the  pub- 
lic house,  now  kept  by  JVIr.  Craig,  then  kept  by  Mr. 
George  Savitz,  The  court  house  was  erected  in 
1814.  The  jail  had  been  previously  built.  The  fol- 
lowing is  an  extract  ivom  the  public  records: 

At  a  Court  of  General  Quarter  Sessions  of  the 
Peace,  began  and  held  at  the  borough  of  Northamp- 
ton, for  the  county  of  Lehigh,  on  the  21st  day  of 
December,  betore  the  Hon.  Robert,  President,  and 
the  Hon.  Peter  Rhctads  and  Jonas  Hartzell,  Esq., 
Associate  Judges  of  the  said  Court.  At  the  Novem- 
ber term,  1813. 

November  30.  Cornt  met  at  tlie  house  of  George 
Savitz,  and  adjourned  from  thence  to  meet  in  the 
upper  story  of  the  comiiy  prison,  prepared  by  the 
commissioners  for  holding  the  courts  of  tlie  county  oi 
Lehii.h,  until  the  court  house  be  erected. 


116  uisroiir  ov  lbhioh  couktt. 

Grand  Juror.i.  Jacob  Newhard,  ?>x.j  foreman  , 
Zacharias  Long,  Casper  Moyer,  George  Brush,  Philip 
Kleckner,   Andrew    Eisenlieart,  Jonathan    KnaUKS, 

George  Yeahlc,  John  Gronier,  John  Bergenstock,  John  I 

Jerret,  Gocrgc   Wenner,  Adam    Snigmaster,  Daniel  | 

Trexall,  Frederick  IJyneman,  George  Fussing,  A'nra-  | 

ham  Diehl.  i 

Lehigh  liavini^^  been  part  of  Northampton  county,  <■ 

its  early  liistoiy  is  merged  with  that  olthe  county  from  I 

which  it  has  been  formed.     In   179«-'99,  scenes  of>  \ 

curred of  i.o  ordinary  degree,  a  principal  part  of  v.  hich  I 

transpired  in  thi.s  eounty.  I 

Shortly  after  the  election  of  John  Adams,  several  I 

acts  were  passed  by  Congress,  which  were  obno;:ious  I 

to  a  portion  ot  tiie  j)eople  of  East  Pennsylvania,  ;r  ^ 

consequence  of  whicli,  lierks,  Bucks  and  Northanip-  \ 

ton,  presented  sc(  lies  of  exxitemcnl.    In  Nortlmmplon,  i 

a  party    headed  by  one  Fries,  resisted  attempts  fy  | 

the  federal  government  to  collect  a  direct  tax~^Md\  \ 

known   by  the  name   of  'Uhe  house  tux.''      Jcnn  j 

Fries,  a  desperado,  and  his  associates,  not  only  r^sia'  \ 

ted  the  assessors,  but  m  hot  pursuit  chased  them  I'rom  \ 

township  to  township.     Ii  is  said  there  were  parties  \ 

of  them— fifty  and  sixty  in  number— most  of  ti'em  | 

well  armed.     Fries  himself  was  armed  with  a  large  j 

horse  pistol,  ami  accompanied  by  one  Kuyder,  who  ' 

assisted  him  in  command.     They  seized  ueveral  ars  j 

sessors.  | 

In  some  parts  of  the  counties  named,  in  demons! r<i-  ^ 

tion  of  their  opposition  to  government,  they  erecterl  \ 

liberty  poles.     'Vo  quell  the  insurrection,  troops,  in  \ 

obedience  to  Adams'  instruction,  were  raised  in  I. an-  \ 

caster  county.      Several   companies   marched   from  | 

Lancaster,  April  1,  1799  ;  wending  their /row,/  toward  I 

the  arena  of  dispute,  by  way  of  Reading,  when  Con-  5 

tarn  Montgome;ry'.-j  troop  of  light  horse  arrived  on  \ 

the  evening  i.f  the  ist  of  April.      Their  first  act,  to  f 

display  their  prowess  and  gallantry,  was  to  go  dnw-  ? 
dcstincly  to  the   house  of  Jacob   Go.sin,  who,  m  Ihc 
Bpirit  of  tha  limes.,  liad  erected  a  liberty  pole  on  hit! 


HISTORY    OP    LEHIGH    fcOTJNTT.  Il7 

own  premises,  which  they  cut,  without  meeting  any 

resistarjce. 

To  give  undoubted  proof  of  their  daring  bravery, 
they  brandished  their  damascene  weapons— drew 
pistols,  to  show  that  they  were  armed,  in  the  house 
of  tlie  inoflensive  fatiier,  whose  minor  children  were 
scared  "  half  to  death/'  at  the  marshal  manceuvers  of 
the  Lancaster  troops. 

To  let  no  time  slip,  and  while  they  were  undaunt- 
ed, they  proceeded  from  Gosin's  to  the  iiouse  of 
John  Strohecker,  whither  tliuir  eagle  eyes  were  drawn 
by  a  recently  erected  pole,  tipped  with  a  rag,  "  ihip- 
ping  in  the  breeze."  This  pole,  to  show  the  inde- 
pendence of  some  sturdy  urchins,  had  been  erected 
by  some  children,  in  which  Strohecker's  were  ring- 
leaders. To  deter  these  young  heroes,  the  solders 
took  down  the  pole,  stripped  it  of  its  insignia— entered 
tlie  house  where  they  found  the  little  wights— and  as 
they  did  at  Gosin's,  so  did  they  here— brandished 
weapons  of  war— preseiUed  i)istols  and  swords  to  the 
youthful  company,  to  no  small  alarm  of  both  parents 
and  children  !  ! 

To  consunmiate  their  martial  plans  and  designs, 
they  molested  the  house  of  Jacob  Epler — maltreated 
him  unprovokedly.  Like  bravos  ever  merit- these 
merited  the  contempt  of  all  reflecting  persons— render- 
ing themselves  obnoxious  to  the  orderly  and  well 
disposed  among  all  classes. 

Satisfied  of  having  rendered  their  country  some 
service,  the  troo])  next  morning  started  for  Northamp- 
ton, to  fully  execute  tlie  speciiic  purpose  of  their  mis- 
sion. This  done,  they  again  returned  by  way  of 
Reading,  where  they  entered  the  o/fice  of  the 
«*4?of/er,"  a  paper  edited  and  printed  Ijy  Jacob 
Schneider,  whom  they  rudely  denuded,  by  violently 
tearing  his  clothes  Irom  his  body,  in  a  somewhat  in- 
clement season,  and  by  force  of  arms,  dragged  him 
before  the  commanding  cai)tain,  who  peremptorily 
ordered  the  editor,  for  writing  and  piinting  some  of 
fen  :i  0  articles,  to  be  whipped ;  "  Twenty-five  lashes," 


118  lilSroHY    OP    LEHIG^    COUNTy. 

said  he,  '■  sluill  be  well  laid  on  his  denuded  back,  ia  ihc  j 
market  house" — wliich  order  was,  liowever,  not  ex-  ! 
ecuted,  because  ol'  the  timely  and  manly  interposition  : 
of  some  s;cnthmen  of  Captain  Leiper's  company,  of  ; 
Philadoli)hia.  A  few  lashes,  however,  had  been  iiv  ! 
flicted  fiounc  these  men  had  time  to  fully  intcr]'0S(; —  ] 
these  were  laid  on  by  one  accustomed  to  Ijeat,  whei>  \ 
Httle  resistance  is  to  be  dreaded — he  wasadrnnrnicr  !      > 

Colonel  Eplor,  who  it  ai)pears,  had  by  this  rime  \ 
erected,  by  the  assistance  of  his  neighbors,  a  Uhtrtit  , 
"jmh  in  place  of  the  pole  erected  by  his  childiCh —  \ 
Jhither  ilie  soldiery  resorted,  where  they  attemj'ted  to  | 
compel  a  common  laborer  to  cut  down  the  ''off;.n-  ? 
sive  wood,"  notwithstanding  that  ho  i)r(jtested  against  1 
doing  so,  at  the  same  time,  on  most  solenm  assevera-  ■ 
lions,  declaring  he  was  also  a  federalist — Ich  bin  audi  ; 
ein  Federalihr  liebe  l^eiU  ;  das  bin.  Ja  ich  auch  ein  | 
Federal !  \ 

t  They  succeeded  in  divesting  the  pole,  and  wuh  \\  | 
appended  as  a  iroi>!iy,  they  rode,  vocii'erating  as  they  \ 
went  through  i!ie  streets  of  Reading,  to  their  pla>M'  ni  \ 
quarters.  In  a  lew  days  they  left ;  but  on  the  'l^ixV  \ 
of  April,  an  army,  mider  the  coimnand  of  lirigidier  i 
General  McPh  u'son,  arrived  at  Reading,  api)rL'heikl-  ■ 
ing  some  of  tlie  insurrectionists,  who  were  afterward-.  * 
tried  before  Jiidge  Peters — some  ibund  guilty- -some  \ 
were  fmed  and  imprisoned — some  were  condemned  i 
to  be  capitally  i)uiuslied,  but  none  attoned  with  iheif  | 
lives — they  were  pardoned  through  executive  clem-  > 
cncy !  \ 

The  following  extracts  are  taken  from  the  rei^on       \ 
of  the  trial  of  John  Fries,  and  others,  for  treason  :  } 

A  grand  Jury  was  empanelled,  consisting  of  die  \ 
,  following  gentlemen, namely  :  J.  Ross,  Joseph  Paricefi  J 
Robert  Ralston,  John  Perat,  Daniel  Smith,  Edwa)d  \ 
Pennington,  Benjannn  W.  Morris,  John  Craig,  Di^vid 
H.  Conyugham,  Gideon  Hill  Wells,  Wm.  Mojit-  i 
gpinery,  Philip  Nicklin,  Thos.  M.  Willing,  Samni^i  j 
Coates,  T.  C.  Fisher,  William  Puck  ley.  A  true  bili  \ 
found.  ii 


Kisror.y  of  ikhigh  county.  119 

May  15,  IT&y.  iMi,  Setgreaves, of  Easton, opened 
the  triul  un  the  part  of  the  United  States.  The  fol- 
lowing are  extracts  from  his  speech: 

''  It  will  appear,  gontlemen,  from  the  testimony 
-which  will  be  prjsei.ted  to  yoii,tliat  during  the  latter 
months  of  the  year  1798,  discords  prevailed  to  an 
enormous  extent  throughout  a  large  portion  of  the 
counties  of  Bucks,  Northampton,  and  JNIontgoinery  ; 
and  that  consiLicrablc  difficulties  attended  the  asses- 
sors for  the  direct  tax,  m  the  execution  of  their 
duties — tiiat  in  sei^'.;ial  tov/nyhips  associations  of  the 
people  wove  aciu  lily  iornied  in  order  to  prevent  the 
persons  charged  willi  die  execution  of  these  laws  of 
the  United  Status,  iixuu  performing  their  duty,  and 
more  particularly  lo  pn^vent  the  assessors  Irom 
measuring  their  housrs.  This  opposition  was  made 
at  many  public  township  meetings,  called  for  the  pur- 
pose. In  many  instances  resolutions  in  writing  were 
entered  into,  solemnly  forewarning  the  officers,  and 
many  times  acconr[)aiiied  with  threats.  Not  only  so, 
but  discoiitimts  prevaiu-d  to  such  a  height,  that  even 
tiie  Iriends  of  the  iiuV'  rmiKiit  in  that  |)art  were  com- 
pletely su[)pressed  ly  menacvs  against  any  who 
should  assist  those  olHcers  in  their  duty  ;  repeated 
declarations  were  nuaio,  both  at  public  as  well  as  at 
private  meetings,  that  if  any  ])erson  should  be  arrested 
by  the  civil  audurrily,  such  arrest  would  be  followed 
by  the  rising  of  the  puople,  in  opposition  to  that  au- 
thority, for  the  purpose  of  rescuing  such  prisoners ; 
indefatigable  pains  were  taken,  by  those  charged 
with  the  execution  ol'  the  laws,  to  calm  the  fears  and 
remove  the  misapprel tensions  of  the  infatuated  peo- 
ple ;  for  this  purpose  they  read  and  explained  the 
law  to  them,  and  informed  them  that  they  were  mis- 
led into  the  idea  that  the  law  was  no!,  actually  in 
force,  for  that  ii  urUially  was;  at  the  same  time 
warning  them  ufUie  '/oiisfipiences  which  would  tlow 
from  opposiiion  ;  and  this  was  accompanied  with 
promises  thai  even  their  most  capricious  wishes  would 
be  .:   aified  on  their  oDedience.     The  favor  was  ic 


120 


iriSTOUV    OP    LEUIGH    COUNTY. 


many  instances  granted,  that  where  any  opposKiuu 
was  made  )o  any  certain  person  executing  the  otlice 
of  assessor,  another  should  be  substituted.     In  some 
townshij'S  ])roposals  were  made  lor  people  to  choose  i 
for  themselves;  but,  notwithstanding  this  accommo-  | 
dating  oli'or,  the  opposition  continued.     The  conse-  ' 
quences  were,  actual  opposition  and  resistance  ;   in  j 
some  parts  violence  was  actually  used,  and  the  asses- 
sors were  taken  and  imprisoned    by  armed  parties,  1 
and  in   olher  parts  mobs  assembled  to  compel  rli-m'  ! 
either  to  deliver  up  their  papers    or    to  resign  (heir  \ 
commissions ;    ihiit    in    some    instances    ihuy    u^erc  j 
tlireatened  with  bodily  harm,  so  that  in  those  parts  | 
the  obnoxious  law    remained  unexecuted  in  conse-  ' 
(pience.     The  state  of  insurrection  and  rebellion  hod  1 
arisen  to  such  a  lieight,  it  bec.tme  necessary  to  com-  1 
pel  the  execution  of  the  laws,  and  warrants  were  in  j 
consequence  issued  against  certain  persons  and  served  j 
upon  them;  in  some  instances,  during  the  execution  < 
of  that  duty,  the  marshal  met  with  insult  and  almost  1 
with  violence;  having,  however,  got  nearly  the  whole  j 
of  the    warrants  served,  he  appointed  head-quarters  | 
for   these    prisoners    to    rendezvous    at    IJethlehem,  j 
where  some  of  them  were  to  enter  bail  for  their  ap-*  1 
pearance  in  the  city,  and  others  were  to  come  to  the  l 
city  in  custody  for  trial.  f 
"  On  the  day  thus  appointed    for  the  prisoners  to  1 
meet,  and  when  a  number  ot   them  had  actually  as-  j 
sembled,  agreeably  to  appointment,  a  number  of  p-ir-  « 
ties  in  arms,  both  horse  and  foot,  more  than  a  huii-  > 
dred  men,  accoutered  willi  all  their  military  apparatus,  } 
commanded  in  s^nne  inslances  by  their  proper  oilicers,'  » 
marched  to  Bethlehem,  collected  before  the  house  iri  J 
which  were  the  maishal  and  prisoners,  whom  they  | 
demanded  to  be  delivered  up  to  them,  and  in  cense-  \ 
quence  of   refusaf  they  proceeded  to  act  very  little  i 
short  ol  acti!a(  hostility ;  so  that  the  marslial  dt.-med  ^ 

It  prudent  to  accede  10  their  demands,and  the  prisonei^  ■ 

were  liberat-MJ.  j 

"  This,  genllciuen,  l^  the  general  history  of  th^  iv  -  \ 


HiSTORiT  ov  li:l;higu  county.  121 

isurrection.  I  shall  now  state  to  you  the  part  which 
the  unfortunate  prisoner  at  the  har  took  in  those  hos- 
:  I  tile  transactions.  ']'hf;  prisoner  is  an  inhabitant  of 
i  f  Lower  Millbrd,  Bucks  county.  Some  time  in  Feb- 
ruary last,  a  pu])lic  meeting  was  held  at  the  house  of 
one  John  Kline,  in  that  township,  to  consider  tiiis 
house  tax ;  at  tlial  meeting  certain  resolutions  were 
entered  into  and  a  paper  signed ;  (we  have  endeavored 
to  trace  this  paper  so  as  to  produce  it  to  the  court  and 
jury,  but  have  failed.)  This  paper  was  signed  by 
fifty-two  persons,  and  committed  to  the  hands  of  one 
of  their  number,  .lohn  Fries  was  piescnt  at  thi.H 
meeting,  and  assisted  in  drawing  up  the  paper,  at 
which  time  his  expressions  against  this  law  were  ex- 
tremely violent,  and  he  threalened  to  shoot  one  of  the 
assessors,  Mr,  Foulke,  through  the  legs,  il'  he  proceed- 
ed to  assess  the  houses  ;  again  the  prisoner  at  a  ven- 
due threatened  another  of  the  assessors,  Mr.  S.  Clarke, 
that  it' he  attemi)ied  to  go  on  with  the  assessment,  he 
should  be  committed  to  an  old  stable  and  there  fed 
on  rotten  corn.  The  assessor  in  Lower  Millbrd  was 
intimidated  so  as  to  (U dine  making  the  assessments, 
and  the  principal  assessors,  together  wjth  three  other 
assessors,  were  obliged  to  go  into  that  township  lo 
execute  the  law.  At  the  house  of  Mr.  Jacob  Fries,  ^ 
on  the  5th  March,  Mr.  Chapman,  the  assessor,  met 
with  the  prisoner,  who  declared  his  determination 
not  to  submit,  but  to  oppose  the  law,  and  that  by 
next  morning  he  could  raise  seven  hundred  men  in 
o])position  to  it." 

[Fries  and  his  partisans  continued  to  follow  and 
persecute  several  of  tlic  assessors,  chasing  them  from 
town.ship  to  township,  in  parties  of  fifty  or  sixty,  most 
of  whom  were  in  arms,  with  drum  and  file.  Fries 
was  armed  with  a  large  hor.se  pistol,  and  accompanied 
by  one  Kuyder,  who  assislcd  him  in  command.  'I'hus 
equipped  they  went  to  Quakertown,  seized  two  as- 
sessors, and  attempted  to  tire  at  another  who  ran 
away,  but  tiio  fire-arm  did  not  go  oil".  They  ex 
amin-:!    the  papers  of  ihe  assessors,  and  exacted  ix 


122  HISTORY    OF    I.EHlGn    COUNTY.  K 

promise  that  they  slioald  not  proceed  in  the  valuatioiT  % 
of  the  houses  in  Lower  Millbrd.  They  ahusad  a  1 
traveller  who  had  the  iudepeudeiice  to  stand  up  for  ^' 
the  governiue.U.  At  Quakertown,  learning  that  (he  g 
marshal  had  fallen  a  mnnher  of  prisoners,  they  re-  | 
solved  t<i  oli'ect  dieir  rescue,  and  the  people  of  Miliord  |' 
were  inviuul  to  assist  in  this  business,  and  a  paper  | 
setting  loiih  iheir  design,  was  drawn  up  by  Frius,  ?.i  | 
his  own  liuuse,  find  signed  by  the  party.]  t 

"  On  tiio  morning  of  the  next  day,  twenty  or  more  | 
of  them  met  at  tlic  house  of  Conrad  Marks,  in  arms,  | 
John  Flies  wus  armed  with  a  sword,  and  hud  a  | 
feather  in  his  hat.  On  the  road  as  they  went  for-  | 
ward  they  were  met  by  young  Marks,  who  told  f  lieni  i 
they  might  4s  ui;!!  tmn  about,  for  that  the  Northamp-  j 
ton  ])eople  were  stiong  enough  to  do  the  husmess  ! 
without  those  fiom  Jhicks  county.  Some  were  so 
inclined  to  do,  Imt  at  the  instance  of  Fries  and  soine 
others,  they  did  go  forward,  and  actually  proceeded 
to  liethlchem.  Before  the  arrival  of  these  troops,  a 
])arly  going  on  die  yaine  business  had  stopped  at  ff  e 
bridge  near  lieihlehem,  where  they  were  met  l:y  1 
deputation  from  the  marshal,  to  advise  them  to  riuin 
home  ;  they  agreed  to  hault  there,  and  send  thr.'O  of 
their  nutnber  to  declare  to  the  marshal  their  demaiid, 
During  this  period  Fries  and  his  party. came  uj>.  but 
it  appeals  wlu^n  thry  came,  Fries  took  tlie  party 
actually  over  the  bridge,and  he  arranged  the  toll,  and 
ordered  them  h)  j)roceed.  With  respect  to  the  proof 
of  the  ]noccediug3  at  J3ethlehem,  it  cannot  be  mis- 
taken; he  was  then  the  leading  man,  and  he  a])j)eared 
to  enjoy  the  command.  With  the  consent  of  bib  i)co- 
ple  he  demanded  tlie  prisoners  of  the  marshal,  and 
when  that  oflicer  told  him  that  he  could  not  surrender 
them,  except  they  were  taken  from  him  by  force,  and 
produced  his  warrant  lor  taking  them,thr;  prisom  r  ihen 
liarrangued  his  p;nty  of  the  iiouse,  and  explaine  1  to 
them  the  necessity  of  using  force;  and  that  you  should 
not  nustake  his  d:isign,  we  will  prove  to  you  (hat  he 
declared  '  that  was  the  Unrd  day  which  he  liuJ  b.  en 


\i 


HKnTORY    OF    LEHIGH    COUNTY.  123 

out  on  this  expedition,  that  he  had  had  a  skirmish  the 
day  before,  and  if  the  prisoners  were  not  released  he 
should  have  an<nher  that  day.'  '  Now  you  observe,' 
resumed  he,  Mhat  force  is  necessary,  but  you  must 
obey  my  orders.  We  will  not  go  without  taking  the 
prisoners.  Bat  take  my  orders — you  must  not  fire 
first;  you  miist  be  liist  fired  upon,  and  when  I  am 
gone  you  must  do  as  well  as  you  can,  as  I  expect  to 
be  the  first  nuin  that  falls.'  He  further  declared  to 
the  marshal  tliat  tlii;y  would  fire  till  a  cloud  of  smoke 
prevented  them  Irom  seeing  each  other,  and  exe- 
cuting the  ollice  of  coiamand  of  the  troops,  which  at 
that  time  overawed  tlie  marshal  and  his  attendants. 
He  harangued  the  troojjs  to  obey  his  orders,  which 
they  did.  ,  TIk;  marhlial  was  really  intimidated  to 
liberate  the  prisoners  ;  and  tlien  the  object  was  ac- 
complished, and  the  ]):irty  dispersed  amid  the  huzzas 
of  the  insurgents.  A  fter  this  atTair  at  Hethleliem,  the 
prisoner  frequ(MUly  avowed  his  oi)position  to  the  law, 
and  justified  that  outrage;  and  when  a  meeting  was 
afterwards  held  at  Ltjwer  JNlilford  to  choose  assessors, 
the  prisoner  ri't'us(Mi  his  assent,  and  appeared  as  violeiU 
as  ever." 

Most  of  the  above  statements  were  proved,  includ- 
ing a  variety  of  other  details.  Fries,  al^ter  two  trials, 
in  both  of  which  he  was  found  guilty  of  treason,  was 
sentenced  to  be  hung,  but  was  subsequently  pardoned 
by  John  Adams. 

Several  others  from  the  same  vicinity  were  trieil, 
and  generally  found  guilty  of  the  subordinate 
crimes  of  sedition,  insurrection,  and  riot;  they  were 
imprisoned  for  a  time,  and  heavily  fined,  and  held  to 
bail  for  good  behavior.  George  Gittman  and  Fred- 
erick Hainey  were  olso  condemned  lor  high  treason. 
x\mong  the  disaffected  who  had  been  taken  prisoners 
by  the  marsha],  -.nd  who  were  rescued  by  tlie  iiisur 
gents,  was  one  Ji.cob  Eyerman,  a  German  mimster, 
recently  arrived  from  Germany.  He  seems  to  liavr 
exerted  nearly  as  much  iutluenceas  Fries,  in  stirring 
up  ihe  peojdo  in  Chestnut  Hill  and  Hamilton  towi. 


124                n.\:,rohY  op  LEiiran  countt.  1 

sliips,  10  oppositioii.     History  does  not  state  to  wimi  \ 
sect  he  nelongod,  but  tlie  testimony  would  seem  to 
show  that  lie  strongly  favored  the  "church  militant  " 

One  of  the  assessors  testified   that   while  on  hu  \ 
round  oi  duty  ni  Chestnut  Hill  township, "  the  prison-r 

(Eyennan)  came  in  and  began  to  rip  out  in  a  violent  ' 

manner  agamsi  this  taxation,  saying  timt   Con-reas  I 

Had  made  laiv^s  which  were  unjust,  and  the  people  1 

need  not  take  up  with  them  ;  if  they  did,  all  kinds  o[  \ 

laws  woaid  follow  ;  but  if  they  would  not  put  up  with  i 
this,  ihey  need  not  with  those  that  would  come  after 
bocanso  u  was  a  free  country  ;  but  in  case  the  peoplJ 
admittedof  those  laws,  they  would  certainly  b.-  pat 

under  great  burdens.     He  said    be  knew  perfect  I 

what  laws  were   made,  and   that  the  President  nor  . 

Congress  had  no  right  to  make  them.    That  Coiiorcss  1 

and  the  government  only  made  snch  laws  to  rob  tlie  i 

peophi,  and  th.t  they  were  nothing  but  a  parcel  of  \ 
daimied   rogues  or   ^spilz    bitbe,^   (iiighwaymen  or 

tbieves.J                                               i     o        /  ^ 

"Were  the  people  of  the  township  much  opposed  1 

to  the  law.-'"      "  Yps.  iIhm,  ,„,.,...  .„  ,,;,.!„.,.  ...  ,  \ 


Yes,  they  were  so  violent  that  I  , 
knew   but  one  man   on    the  same  side  as  myself." 

*'  Would  this  have  been  so  if  it  had  not  been  for  the  '' 

parson  r"'      ''I  am  fully  convhiced  it  would  not."  ^ 

'  Did  Lyerma!!  appear  to  be  a  simple  sort  of  mar  ^ 

easily  to  be  led  astray  or  deluded  ?"     "  No,  li-  wos  ; 

not  thought  so :  he  was  always  a  very  good  preaebcv  '{  \ 

Frtsoner.-.-  Did   I  not  pray  for  the  Government 
I  resident  and  V  ice  President  .>"   "  Yes,  you  did  when 

III  the  pulpit  5   but  when  you  were  out,  you  praved  i 

the  other  way/*                                          w       r     7  | 

^  JohnSneider  deposed,  that  he  lived  in  Hannltou  1 
township  and  knew  the  prisoner_as  much  as  he 
understood  the  privoner  meant  to  take  arms  against  I 
It.  _  He  said  if  we  let  that  go  forward,  it  would  go  on  ? 
as  m  the  o.d  country,  but  that  he  [Eyerman]  would  \ 
ruiher  lay  his  black  coat  on  a  nail,  and  l^  the 
he  whole  weeic,  and  preacli  lor  them  Sundays,  tlum 
(hat  siiould  be  so,  '  '        . 


HIS-fCR?    OP    LEHIfiH    COUNTT.  125 


«  About  18  nior.ths." 

"The  townbhip  was  always  peaceable,  I  suppose, 
before  he  caiuc  among  you  ?'*  "  Yes,  and  believe  if 
he  had  not  conic,  nothing  would  have  happened  of 
the  kind." 

Anotlier  witness  said  that  the  prisoner  came  to  his 
house,  where  conversation  ijegan  about  the  house  tax, 
whereupon  he  s;iid  he  did  not  care  whether  they  put 
up  with  it  or  not,  for  he  had  no  house  to  tax.  A 
person  present  answered:  But  you  have  a  great 
quantity  of  books  to  tax.  The  prisoner  answered 
that  "  if  anybody  would  ofler  to  tax  his  books,  he 
would  take  a  French,  a  J.atin,  an  Hebrew,  and  a 
Greek  book  down  to  thoni,and  if  they  could  not  read 
them,  he  would  slap  tlieni  about  their  ears  till  tliey 
would  fall  to  pieces."  The  prisoner  continued 
preacher  to  that  congregation  until  he  was  taken  up. 

After  the  rescue,  he  tied  to  New  York  state,  but 
was  apprehended  and  brought  back,  and  found  guilty 
ofconspiracy,&:c.,&c.,  was  sentenced  to  be  imprisoned 
one  year,  pay  iifiy  dollars  fnie,  and  give  security  lor 
his  good  behavior  one  year.  About  tliirty  others  were 
convicted,  and  fined  and  imprisoned  according  to  the 
(  'j      degree  of  crime. — Day''s  Historical  Colltciioru 


CHAPTEri  X. 

TOrOCiRAIlIY  OF  TOWNSHIPS,  &c. 

Hanoocr  luivyiship  is  the  only  township  in  liii? 
county,  easi  of  the  Leliigh  river.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  norlh,  by  Allen  township;  east,  by  Hanovc;  urid 
Bethleh'Mn,  ii;i't  soMtli,  by  Lehigh  township — all  of 
Northampton  county;  and  soutii-west  by  the  Lebigh 
river.  The  form  of  this  township  is  very  irregular. 
Tlie  surfaee  is  level ;  limestone  soil,  of  an  execil.nit 
quality,  well  cultivated,  and  very  productive,  r<:-pay- 
ing  the  labor  of  the  farmer  richly.  The  Caladaqnc 
creek,  which  rises  in  Allen  township,  Northampfon 
county,  and  running  south-westwardly,  running  along 
the  south-westcni  bomidary,  through  the  nortls  east 
angle  of  this  township,  and  following  into  the  Li-higli 
river,  about  two  miles  below  llockendoipie,  alfords 
some  waler-pou  er,  having  several  mills  upon  it.  Tlie 
Lehigh  river  affords  an  abundance  of  mill  seats ;  diore 
are  several  grist  and  saw-mills,  two  woolen  factoricb', 
and  a  paper-mill,  in  this  township. 

Tlie  Allentown  bridge,  across  Lehigh  river,  con- 
nects this  township  with  the  borough  of  Allentown. 
Formerly,  thera  was  an  elegant  chain  bridge  over 
the  Lehigh,  consibiing  of  two  loops  and  two  luilr 
loops,  and  suspended  by  four  chams.  That  bridge 
was  two  hundred  and  thirty  feet  long  and  tlurty 
wide. 

The  population,  hi  1820,  was  8GG  ;  in  1830,  1.102; 
in  1640,  1,343.  The  county  tax,  levied  in  18-14, 
amounted  to  ^^708  83  ;  the  state  tax,  $'^Q1  28. 

Bieri/'s  Fori,  a  post  village,  consisting  of  yeveriil 
dwellings,  two  taveriis,  one  store,  a  grist  mill,  a  Pres- 
byterian churcli.and  the  Crane  iron  works,  are  hi  this 

tOWU:jliip. 


I' 


HtSTOKY    OF    LEHIGH    COUNTY.  \2l 

The  ironworks  are  owiied  by  Messrs,  White,  Ilaz- 
zard,  Mitchel,  Erb,  iM'Callister  &  Co.;  are  of  u  kir^e 
size,  and  couttrucled  expressly  to  smelt  iron,  wiUi 
anthracite  coal,  by  means  ol'  the  hot  blast  The  water 
power  IS  supplied  lioni  the  Lehigh  canal  of  the  Lehigh 
Coal  and  Navigation  Company,  and  tlie  lurnaces, 
with  the  bio  wing  and  airdieatmg  apparatus,  are  con- 
structed m  a  superior  manner.  The  works  have 
been  in  successlal  o],eration  since  1840,  producincr 
at  present,  weekly,  from  one  hundred  and  ninety  Xo 
two  hundred  tons  of  castings  of  various  kinds.  The 
works  are  about  three  milus  north  of  Allentown,  and 
five  Irom  Bethlehem. 

Rittersville  is  a  post  village,  consisting  of  five 
dwellings,  one  tavern,  one  store— a  church,  near  it  is 
located  m  a  poor  part  of  the  township.  ' 

Heidelberg  lowmhlp  is  bounded  on  the  north-east 
by  Carbon  county;  south-east,  by  North  Whitehall 
township;  south,  by  J.ow  IIiU  township,  and  west" 
by  Lmn  township.  The  figure  of  it  is  very  irregular' 
1  he  surlace  is  very  hilly,  being  partly  crossed  by  the 
Jllue  moiiulam;  the  sod  is  white  gravel,  produchi- 
It  well  cultivated,  an  abundant  crop  of  rye.  In  the 
north-west  corner  of  the  n^wnship  is  a  shigular  knob, 
called  «  Bake  Oven  Knob:'  The  township  contains 
nme  grist  mills,  seven  saw  mills,  one  furnace,  owned 
by  Stephen  Balliet;  one  fulling  mill,  two  woolen 
lactones,  one  gun  and  riile  manufactory,  several  tan- 
fienes,  and  ten  lor  filteen  distilleries  in  operation 

The  township  is  drained  by  Trout  creek,  wliich 
rises  at  the  foot  of  tlie  Blue  mountain,  and  running 
eastwardly,  tails  with  the  Lehigh  river,  about  two 
mi  es  below  the  Water  Gap,  turning  several  mills, 
but  not  sutficiently  large  to  he  navigable.  It  is  also 
dramed  by  Jordan,  rising  at  the  loot  of  the  Blue 
mountain,  m  this  township,  and  running  a  very 
crooked  course,  towards  the  soutli-east,  falling  into 
me  Little  Lehigh  creek,  not  more  than  one  hundred 
P(  r.  1.  .b  irum  Us  uiouth.     The  Jordan,and  its  varioii.3, 


128  Kisroif/    OF    LEHIGH    COUNTY. 

branches,  .urn  u  great  number  of  mills,  but  is  not 
navigable.  Tiie  waters  of  tlie  Jordan  are  much 
affected  by  wot  antl  dry  seasons.  Crowner's  run  is  f 
also  one  of  (lie  smull  streams  that  drains  the  town-  ^ 
ship;  it  risi.s  ..boul  the  centre  of  it,  and  flov/ing 
southwardly,  iiniles  with  the  Jordan  creek,  on  the 
line  betv/euii  Lo.v  Hill  and  Whitehall  townships 

The  pni.ulaiion,  in  1820,  was  1,900;  in  Ib'^JO, 
2,208;  in  I.SIO,  x;,35  1.  Amonnt  of  county  tax  levied 
in  1844,  wiusii770  Sti;  state  tax,  iS  1,067  59.  In]S43, 
^20  52  wns  ])nl[  fos  the  education  of  the  poor. 

Segersvillc,  a  pu;,t  village,  about  seventeen  miles 
north-west  from  Allentown,  near  the  line  of  the 
township,  com  liiis  ahoiu  twenty  dwellings,  one  .siore 
and  one  taverii.  'I~he  only  churci^.  in  the  towiiship 
is  about  two  in.les  Ironi  the  village,  'i'he  couuiry 
around  the  vilhii^e  is  rough  and  broken.  Agricniiiiro 
needs  some  consideral^le  attention  being  paid  to  il^ 
before  the  fiiniK  r  can  count  on  ample  and  certain 
returns  for  his  labor. 

Oertncinstuil  ,  u  small  phice,  one  store,  owned  by 
Nathan  (bnni  lu.  Dining  the  French  and  Indian 
war,  in  1755  and  175(),  the  greater  part  of  the  in- 
habitants of  ihit."  townshi])  had  lied  to  Bethlehem  and 
other  places,  lor  re:nge,  and  to  csciipe  being  inhu- 
manly biitehend  by  the  savage  hordes  who  wes-^ 
marauding  tliis  region  of  country  in  search  of  huniati 
victims  to  glut  (heir  vengeance.  In  October,  170.], 
tlie  inhabitants  were  again  alarmed  by  the  Indians 
committing  cru.  1  murders  in  an  adjoining  township. 
(See  North  IVhitchull  towm/iip.J 

North  JVhilchaU  foionship  is  bounded  on  the 
north-east,  by  the  Lehigh  river,  which  seperutos  it 
from  Northamplon  C(juniy;  on  the  south,  by  Souih 
Whitelu'.ll  fnvnohip  ;  (mi  the  west,  by  Low  Ilill  'own- 
fihip,  and  norlli-weti,  by  Heidelberg  townshij).  Tne 
surface  h  level ;  limestone  soil,  rich,  and  geiiu.aily 
pretty  well  cullivatr-d.     This  township  is  tiin^;.i],u-!y 


IlISTOKi:    OP    LEHIGH    COUNTY.  129 

intersected  by  numerous  roads,  wliicli  centre  in  the 
main  road,  leading  to  Allcntown.  The  Jordan  creek 
s,n(l  Coply  creek,  or  Baliiet's  creek,  are  the  principal 
streams  draiiiing  the  township.  Coply  creek  rises  in 
this  townslii]) — ranning  south-easterly,  talis  into  the 
Lehigh  river,  alicuU  live  miles  above  Allentown.  In 
its  cuurse,  it  turns  several  milts.  In  dry  seasons  it 
fails  much.  'I'his  township  contains  seven  grist  mills, 
four  saw  mills,  and  a  number  of  tanneries.  There 
are  two  Glerni.u;  J.'oji>rnii;d  and  Lutlieian  cluirchcs 
in  this  town^hi]) ,  one  naiv  the  north-western  boun- 
dary, and  the  odier,  on  the  south,  near  Coply  creek. 
The  population  of  1820,  was  1,807  ;  in  1830,2,008; 
in  1840,  2,321.  Thf  county  tax,  assessed  for  18  1  1, 
\vasS89t)  25;  state  tax,  $1,3-10  83.  In  1S43,  $1 19  78 
were  paid  for  the  education  of  the  poor. 
■  Slegersvilk  is  a  small  i)ost  village,  consisting  of 
five  or  six  dwellings,  one  store,  and  one  tavern.  It 
is  situated  in  a  fertile  and  highly  improved  i;ountry. 

SnydersvUie,  owiird  by  (Jeorge  Snyder,  who  is 
proverbially  known  ;i  the  -KeeiKM'  of  the/Drovers' 
Inn."  The  ])lace  consists  of  a  small  cluster  of  houses 
and  several  shops.  Its  situation,  it  is  said,  is  peculiar 
— it  is  in  and  between,  like  '<C5eorge,"  the  village 
being  both  in  North  Whitohall  and  Upper  Macnnjy, 
having  the  boundary  line  pastsing  through  it. 

Kernes  Mill.s.  Here  is  a  post  othce,  a  grist  mill, 
one  store,  and  several  dwelling  houses. 

Slate  Bum.  Here  is  a  store  and  dwellings,  owned 
by  Reuben  Sager. 

Before  this  township  was  separated,  or  divided  into 
North  and  South  Whitehall,  the  Indians  committed 
depredations  within  its  borders;  even  at  a  time  wh(in 
it  had  been  supposed  all  hostilities  had  ceased,  a  })aity 
of  savages  appeared]  on  a  sudden,  in  this  township, 
and  did  some  Ijloo.ly  work,  "On  the  eighth  of  Octo- 
ber, 1763,  a  party  of  fifteen  or  twenty  Indians,  attack- 
ed the  house  of  Nicholas  :\[arks',  of  WhitehaU  town- 
slii]). Marku,  his  wife,  and  an  apprentice  boy,  made 
I 


Pntud'o  History  of  J'u.     Appendix,  p.  C'-'A. 


1;U)               Hisn)iiv   or   r.EiiiGH  county.  j 

their  escapt-,  ihuugli  twice  fired  upon  by  the  Indians,  | 

and  proceeded  lo  liw  house  of  one  Adam  Fasiilei;,  ^• 

wdiere  tliere  w^ere  twenty  men  under  arms.     These  i 

immediately  went  in  pursuit  of  the  enemy.     In  tlieir  | 

proyre:)^,  ihcy  visitetl    the  farms  of  Jacob  JNl cold y,  ' 

where  tiiey  jouud  a  boy  and  a  girl  lying  dead,  tlu;  \ 

girl  scalpt;d ;  of  Hans  Schneider,  where  they  discover-  ! 

ed  the  owner,  his  wife,  and  three  children  dead  iutI)o  i 

field,  and  tiirec  girls,  one  dead,  the  other  wounded.  l 

and  OIK,'  i)i  thuiu  scali)ed.     On  their  return  to  AsViler's.  ; 

they  ftniiid  ihe  wifi-  of  Jaeob  Aliening,  with  a  cldld,  ^ 

dead  in  the  road,  and  scalped.     The  houses  oi'  rdnik.':  | 

and  Schneider,  were  both  burnt."*  y 

South  IMiiicluiU  township  is  bounded  on  the  nuvtL  \ 

by  North  Wiiiichall  townshi]);  east,  by  the   Lcliiudi  \ 

river,  winch  separates  it  frojn  Hanover  township,  and  j 

by  Northumpioa  township;  south,  by  Upper  JNXacnii-  i 

jy  township.     The  surface   is  level;  limestone  soil,  < 

very    well   cuhivatud,   and   abimdantly   prodncdve,  I 
amply  repayiui;  the  husbandman  for  the  «iare  bestow 

ed  upon  it  in  a  jndicions  course  of  cidtm-e.  I 

This  township  is  watered   by   Jordan  creek,    ane.  \ 

Cedar  creek.     The  latter  rises  from  a  large  spriug  i;i  ] 

Upper  iMacnnj^-  township,  and   turns  a  large  lloaij  [ 

mill,  about  six  perdies  below  the  foimtain,  and  ut'ter  i 

a  course  of  tlir  'c  miles,  falls  into  the  Little  Leiugh,  | 

The  volnme  of  this  singular  stream  appears  mvari-  j 

able  in  wci  or  ihy   weather.     The  long   conliiiued  jj 

drought  this  simuner,  ( IS-M)  though  alfeeting  all  odier  1 

streams,  did  nut  any  the  least  diminish  this  stican..  ) 

It  never  freezes,  and  the  grass,  winch  grows  to  tlif  ; 

water's  edge,  appears  green  all  seasons,  and  is  a  Iw  ."lys  I 

uncover(;d,  the  water  dissolving  the  snow  as  it  lulls.  ^ 

Sinking  Run  is  ai-other  remarkable  stream ;  it  risct  , 

in  JNIacuiijy  township,  and    tiows  easterly,  tirougli  j 

tliis  towi'iship;    it  sinks  into  the  ground  about  five  j 
luiley   fn.in  /illni.Mwn.     It   is  supjjosed  to   iuive  t;. 


w 


Hl^TOUY    (..*     IKHUni    COUNTY.  131 


subterraneous  course  ot'  more  than  a  mile  southward, 
ami  to  rise  at  the  fouutuii.  c-l"  Cedar  creek,  in  Upper 
Macunjy. 

Cavern  Spriuy  riaj ;  ne;ir  the  mouth  of  a  Umestone 
cavern,  within  uvo  miles  of  the  borough  of  Allentown; 
on  the  north-west  is  a  large  fountain,  and  pours  its 
waters  into  tlie  To'\l;<n  creek.  This  cavern  lias  an 
entrance  of  ten  cr  el' veii  feet  higli,  and  has  been 
penetrated  about  one  hundred  feet,  into  the  hill,  to  a 
stream  of  water. 

'I'liis  township  eoiitams  five  grist  mills,  two  saw  mills, 
sicveral  tarmeries,  and  a  Cerrnan  Reformed  and  Lu- 
theran church,  about  four  miles  from  Allen  township. 
Ibach's  forge  is  in  tlii.s  township. 

The  population  of  this  township,  in  1820,  was 
1,623;  in  1830,  1,952:  in  1810,  2,290.  The  amount 
of  county  tax,  assessed  in  1811,  was  «1,230  70;  state 
tax,  ji^l,757  19.  In  18  iJ,  ^'244  42  were  paid  for  the 
education  of  the  poor. 

It  appears  tluit  tlii-  township,  and  others,  were 
overrun  by  the  Indians,  in  17t>3  ;  for  we  find  *' that 
Octobtir  15th,  I7ti3,  Covernor  Hamilton  called  the 
attention  of  the  Assembly  to  the  sad  condition  of  the 
settlers  of  Linn,  Heidelberg,  Whitehall,  Macunjy, 
Salisbury  and  Upper  Millord  townships,  of  the  coimty 
^  of  Northampton,  (now  Lehigli.)  Their  houses  were 
*  destroyed,  their  fanny  laid  waste,  barns,  grain,  fences^ 
^c.  burnt  to  ashes — eighteen  persons  murdered." 

The  persons  who  had  been  massacred,  were  unof- 
fending German  immigrants,  who  had  never  molested 
un  Indian.  This  excited  tlie  suspicion  of  the  inhabi- 
tants, generally.  'I'he  Iruhans  W(;re  traced,  by  scout,  t<» 
wigwams  of  the  christian  Indians,  at  Conestoga,  and 
10  tliose  in  Northampton  county,  which  eventuated 
in  the  total  extermination  of  the  Indians,  in  Lancas- 
ter coiaity,  in  Deci  inber  17ii3. 

Linn  townsUip  is  bounded  on  the  north,  by  Carbon 
county;  cast,  by  Heidelberg  township;  south,  by 
We/  ,  ubevg;  ioiub-wesi,  by  Berks  county,  and  on 


132  HISTORY    OF    LEHIGH    COUNTY. 

the  north-wesr,,   by   Scliuylkill   county.      The    Wiuc 

mountain  crossing  the  noitlierii  part  ot' the  township,  ^ 

the  surface  along  it  is  liiiiy  or  greatly  roUing ;  a  por-  1 

tion  of  the  surface  of  this  township  is  pretty  l-jvei ;  \ 

the  soil  is  gravelly — agriculture  may  still  be  nincli  j 

improved,  though  many  of  the  farms  yield  well.    The  | 

free  use  of  lime,  as  a  stimulating   manure,    '.v.mld  I 

greatly  iiid   in  improving  the  soil,  and  well  rrpay  a  * 

largep.rrv;,.t:;ge.  '  | 

This  tuwni^hip  is   drained   by    tlie   Antelauuy,  or  * 

Maiden  cav:\:,  wliich  rises  here  and  flows  into  ih'>  \ 

Schuylk'!!  iiv^i,  thKuigh  Jierks  county.     Linn  rui.,  i 

which  rises  in  this  township,  near   the   south-wesi  | 

boundary,  is  n  tributary  of  the  Jordan  creek.     Tin'.  ] 

sources  of  tli>',  /intclauny  and  Linn  run,  almos.  i,ucr-  | 

mingle.     Tli;->t;  streams  allbrd  an  abundance  of  ruAl  ' 

seats;  there  an;,  it;  this  township,  ten  grist  mills, llvo  ' 

saw  mills,  one  woolen  factory,  one  powder  mill,  and  | 

tliree    German    Kefurmed  and   Lutheran   chnivlh^s;  « 

also  several  small  villages.  This  township, and  Alba-  | 

ny,  in  liurks  roimly,  formed  u  portion  of  »,QUc:!]'u:n-  \ 

gtl,  in  d;iys  pi  si.  \ 

LinnviUe  is  a  small  post  village,  about  sev.  nict;/!  > 

miles  north-Avcst  of  Allentown,  consisting  of  a  few  | 

dwellings,  one  store  and  one  tavern.  \ 

New    Ti^ipoll,  a  post  village,  about  fifteen    ,.;ilc  -  | 

from  Allentov/n,  consists  of  several  houses.  i 

Jack'sonvillc  is  a  post  village,  in  the  northern  p,u(  '. 

of  the  townsliiji,  about  eighteen  miles  from  Allc.i-  \ 

town.     The  p  4)nlatioii  of  this  township,  in  ISiiO,  Wus  | 

1,6G4;  in  1830,  1,7'17;  in  1810,   1,895.     The  count'/  « 

tax,  assessed  In   1811,  was  $74!    03;  the  state  Jay.  | 

$1,012  85.     In  1813,  §19  02,  were  paid  for  the  edn-  j 

cation  of  the  j)oor.  ^ 

This  region  oi  country,  of  which  this  townsbij)  ecu-  I 
stitutes  a  pr.rl,  was  settled  at  a  comparatively  early 
period,  scttlcrnonts  having  been  made  about  tlic  yc^: 
1735.     in  Febuiary,  1756,  the  Indians  commilied  ,i 
nmnbcr  of  cruel  rmnder.s  upon  the  German  .•■etti':'.; 


nrsi'oi!.'/  01    i.EniGH  county.  lii'd 

On  the  14th  of  Febiuaiy,  175G,the  Indians  surprized 
the  inmates  ol'  tl;e  liouse  ol'  Frederick  Reichelsdert'er, 
shot  two  of  hi.s  chiidrcu,  set  his  liouse  and  barn  on 
iire,  and  burnt  I'p  ;d!  hi.s  grain  and  cattle.  Thence, 
they  proceeded  lo  the  house  of  Jacob  Gerhart,  where 
they  killed  one  Uirtn,  two  wonien,  and  six.  children. 
Two  of  the  childrc:n  had  sli))ped  under  the  bed,  one 
of  which  was  burned;  tlie  odier  escaped,  and  ran  a 
mile,  to  get  to  die  people. 

On  the  24th  ol  March,  following,  tien  wagons  went 
to  Allemaengel,  lo  bring  a  family,  with  thuir  etfects, 
away;  and  as  tlicy  w^ere  returning,  about  three  miles 
below  one  George  ZcisloiPsjthey  were  fired  upon  by 
a  number  of  Indians  from  both  sides  of  the  road 
vipon  which  the  wagoner.^  left  tlieir  wagons  and  raii 
into  the  woods,  anil  die  hor.ses,  frightened  at  the  iiring 
und  terrible  yelling  of  tlie  In  dans,  ran  down  a  hill, 
and  broke  one  of  the  wagons  to  pieces.  The  enemy 
killed  George  Zeisloli  and  his  wife,  a  young  man  oi 
twenty,  a  boy  of  twelve,  also  a  girl  of  fourteen  years 
old,  four  of  whom  tiny  scalped.* 

Low  Hill  lownsliip  is  bounded  on  the  north,  by 
Heidelberg  townsliip  ;  on  the  east,  by  North  White- 
liall ;  on  the  south,  by  Macunjy,  and  on  the  west,  by 
Weissenberg  township.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  in 
some  places  rolling ;  Uie  soil  is  principally  wliite 
gravel;  the  stale  of  agriculture  is  improving;  many 
of  the  farms  are  rendered  productive  by  a  judiciou.:. 
•course  of  crops,  amj  strict  attention  to  manuring. 
Lime,  if  judiciously  applied,  would  greatly  improve 
this  kind  of  soil. 

This  township  is  ^^^atered  by  Jordan  creek,  and 
several  of  its  tributaries — .such  as  Lhm  run,  Crowner's 
run,  wliich  rises  in  Heidelberg  township,  near  its 
centre,  and  do  vs  BOiilhwardly,  through  this  township 
and  WUlow  run — all  these  streams  alford  mill  seat.s 

*  Letter  lioin  Vnltrlit.-j  t',MjL-.i,  to  Jacob  Levan,  Esq.,  Feb.  l" 
ir.OC      .'ice  histur/  of  Bciks  county,  p.  iJS,  123,  V2\. 


134  iiisTouv  OF  i-EniGlft  couNxr. 

The  township  contains  ten  grist  mills,  five  saiv  ujii 
several  oil  mills,  and  two  clover  mills. 

Clansvoilk  is  quite  a  neat  little  post  village,  ;;.  ii- 
sisting  of  a  few  dwellings  and  a  store.  It  is  the  only 
village  ill  the  townsiiip. 

The  pi^Oiilution  of  the  township,  in  1820,  was  /O.i, 
ill  1830,  808 J  in  1840,  854.  The  county  tax,  for 
1844,  aniounted  to  $238  35;  state  tax,  8354  71.  In. 
1843,  $49  Oii  were  paid  for  educating  the  poor. 

Upper  Macunjy.  This  township  and  Lowei  l^vhi- 
eungy,  have,  >\Miliin  the  last  ten  or  twelve  year;,,  Incn 
divided.  They  were  formerly  known  as  Macunjij 
township. 

This  t(V.vn.sii!p  i^>  bounded  on  tiie  north-ea.-,i,  Ly 
South  Whitehall ;  on  the  south,  by  J^ower  Ahicuiijy; 
and  on  the  noilji-west,  l)y  Weissenberg.  'ilie  sui- 
I'ace  is  generally  very  level;  the  soil  limestone,  care- 
fully cultivated  and  abundantly  productive.  IJotli 
Upper  and  Lower  ^hlcuugy  are  densely  popiilriicd. 
This  townshi))  alone,  had,  in  1840,  a  poi)ulaiio;,  r.| 
]iearly  1800,  niid  it  may  now  exceed  two  lluai-.  hhI 
It  is  drained  by  the  Little  l^ehigh  creek  and  il-,  mi- 
jnerous  tributaries.  Sliaiitz's  Spring,  the  iiead  oi 
Cedar  creek,  is  in  this  township.  Cedar  Sprini.  is 
remarkable  fur  its  strength  and  uniformity,  c^  h' 
quantity  i»f  waKr.  (July  a  few  rods  below  its  foun- 
tain, it  turns  a  large  llouring  mill.  In  its  course,  uhicl, 
is  only  three  nnles, il  propels  three  mills,  viz:  Ihiti'd, 
Knaus'  and  ^hu•lz's — these  fall  into  Mr.  Edlemaii's 
mill  dam,  on  the  Little  Lehigh.  North-west  IVim! 
Schantz's  Spring,  is  a  stream,  which,  after  a  cnn'.., 
of  three  miles,  tinks  into  the  earth.  It  is  conjeiiaix-d 
by  many,  that  this  slreaui  forms  the  Cedar  crook 
fountain.  'I'be  vohiUK!  of  water  of  Sbanrz's  Spriiig 
is  invari.ible  iu  wci  and  dry,  and  it  never  f:i.'i^>:cs 
over. 

There  are  two  grist  mills  and  two  saw  millb  .n  llii- 
town^hip;  also  se\'t:ral  taimeries. 

The  pojMilalioii,  iu  18  10,  was  l,7(i!».     The  aiui'iu.i 


nitiTOHy    VI'    LEHIGH    COUNTS.  IJj 

ofcouiitytax,  ill  IS  14,  ,f  1,03;>  4S;  state  tax,  $1,616  3^ 
111  1843,  $Go  3,5  AV'cre  luiid  towards  educating  tli.' 
poor. 

Foglesvlilcj  a  j)ost  village,  at  the  junction  of  tlic 
AllcnttDwn  and  iMLllert;town  road,  nine  miles  ifoi;i 
Allentown,  consists  of  sixteen  dwellings,  one  store, 
one  tavern,  a  scliool  house,  a  German  Reformed  ainl 
Lutheran  church,  siUiatcd  in  a  rich  and  fertile  country. 

7\ca:lc7'sIown.  a  neaf  j>ost  village,  eight  miles  from 
Allcmown,  on  the  road  to  Kiitztown,  Jierks  couniy. 
It  coiitain^i  sixti'Cii  or  t.'ighteen  dwellings,  two  taverns, 
one  store,  a  LmJicjuii  and  (icnnan  Ueformed  churcl:, 
'J'he  country  around  it  is  well  improv^ed. 

Lower  Mamnij.  'J'his,  and  Upper  Macunjy  town- 
ships, were,  until  liu;  last  ten  or  twelve  years,  kno\»/n 
as  MacKfiJi/  luiunship.  It  is  hounded  on  the  nordi, 
hy  Upper  Macungy;  north-east,  hy  Salishury,  (Sal.^- 
berg  ; )  on  the  south-east,  by  Up])er  Milford  townshi}) : 
south-west,  by  Berks  c(junly.  The  surface  of  il^^ 
township  is  lev  el,  a;  id  (»f  (he  best  limestone  soil ;  wci! 
improved,  and  \\'\\  piitdnctive ;  yields  a  rich  recom- 
pense to  the  mdu:5iric)us  I'armer,  lor  labor  bestowed  iu 
tilling  the  soil.  This  part  of  Lehigh  county  is  densely 
settled.  Small  as  the  territory  of  this  county  is,  the 
population,  in  1840,  exceeded  two  thousand,  and  may 
now  reach  twenty-five  hundred.  The  township  js 
drained  by  the  Liule  Lehigh  creek.  It  has  six  grist 
mills,  three  saw  mills,  one  oil  mill,  and  live  or  six 
stores. 

The  population,  in  Ls  10,  wa^  2,156.  Tiie  couniy 
tax,  for  1844,  amounted  to  $1,257  47;  state  tax, 
$1,761  89.  In  1843,  there  were  $194  66  paid  towards 
educating  the  cfildrci,  of  poor  persons,  besides  a. 
quota  of  *2  1  99,  jninily  paid  by  thi.s  and  Upper  Mil- 
ford  lownshij*. 

MillerstQiLui,  or  S\lil!e)\svUk,  is  a  post  village,  at 
the  foot  of  the  i.eiiiuh  Hills,  or  South  mountain,  on 
a  small  brio:.'!),  of  the  Leingh,  nine  miles  from  Alf  /i- 


136  lIIiTOKY    OP    LEHIGH    COUNT V. 

town.  The  villi'gc  consists  of  about  forty  dwell iii,'- . 
three  taverns,  i'uir  stores,  a  Lutheran  and  fn'mia!! 
Reformed  churcii ;  also  a  "  Freu  Ilall,"  for  all  reli- 
gious deuoniinr.tions.  i 

This  village  is  reiuarkable  as  one  of  the  places  ■//? 

tingui&hed  I'or  opposition  t(j  collecting  a  direct  t:;x,  | 

by  the  fedcr.il  govennaent,  in  17!i8,  'ao — '-In  dcv.  j 

Schreckens    Ziilen.'"     Here    INlr.  Daniel  Schwartz.  ] 

and  others,  made  resistance.*  | 

Jh-einlgsuilie,  \:-i  ii  \>a^t  village,  on  the  road  iii.n,  j 

Allentown  to  ll/'ading,  consisting  of  some  half  dw/r-u  « 

of  houses,  (nui  st.iri:,  one  tavc^rn.     Near  it  is  a)i  ixicn-  | 

sive  iron  ore  naue.      The  ore  is  S(v  highly  chuiged  i 

whh  sulphuret  of  iron,  as  to  be  advantageously  used  3 

for  the  mauufaclure  of  copperas.     Considerable  ipiai!-  | 

-tities  of  it  are  transported  to  Philadelp-hia,  by  c:uial,  * 

for  this  pur|)0se.  | 

'  Upper  Miljord  is  bounded  on  the  nor1h-ea^L  \:\  \ 
Salisbury  township  and  lJ])per  Saucon,  soulh-casi  by  | 
Bucks  county,  on  the  west  by  JNIontgomery  •  iid  | 
Berks  counties,  >.ud  iiorlh-wesl  by  Lower  Macunjy 
townshi}).  It  lornis almost  a  square.  Thesurjaji;  ol  ; 
this  township  is  considerably  diversified,  but  geiiCia.l-  j 
ly  liilly,  and  in  some  ]jlaces  very  rugged  or  broken,  | 
being  crossed  by  the  South  iNIountain,  s^inding  lordi  I 
spurs,  especi;dly  towards  the  south.  Ii'on  oru  \ 
abounds  on  the  mountain.  The  soil  is  princii'ally 
gravel  and  red  shale,  and  upon  the  wiiole,  pretty  wAX 
cultivated,  and  more  than  ordinarily  productive  :  it 
is  watered  by  a  branch  of  the  Perkiomen  and  Upper 
Saucon  creeks.  The  north  branch  of  the  Perkiomen 
rising  in  this  t^jwiishi)),  llows  by  a  southren  coiii'se, 
(uniting  with  the  east  branch  in  Perkiomen  township, 
Montgomeiy  coanty)  lor  about  thirty  miles,  througl: 
Montgomery  county,  and  falls  into  die  river  Scliuyl- 
kill,  above  Pawling's  Ford,  six  miles  al)ove  jNorris- 
lown.     Upper  Saiic«,n  creek,  rising  m  this  tow  iisbip.. 

•-  Soe  \'^r'.K>iu  voii  iv\va  Fries,  &c.  p.  283. 


IlIVfORY    OF    LEHIGH    COUNTY.  137 

and  running  ncitli-ea>iiwardly,  falls  into  the  Lehigh 
river  on  the  soutli  side,  about  two  miles  below  Free- 
mansburg,  in  Nordiauipton  county.  'J'hese  streams 
atford  many  good  mill  seals.  This  township  contains 
seven  grist  millsj  six  saw  mills,  one  lulling  null,  one 
oil  mill,  two  ]).)\vder  mills,  several  tanneries,  and  u 
few  distilleries,  and  one  I'urnacc,  owned  by  Messrs. 
Hunter  and  .IMillor.  Thfre  are  two  churches  in  this 
township,  atul  :m  veral  villages.. 

ScheiiJicrsvlUf,  is  i\  posl  village,  consisting  of  five 
dwellings,  one  (awrn  and  a  store. 

DUrmger's.  If  ere  is  a  post^olliee,  a  few  dwellings, 
a  store  and  a  tavern. 

'I'he  population  of  tliis  townshi])  was,  hi  1820, 
2,416;  in  1830,2,8-20;  in  1840,3,071.  'riieamouni 
of  county  tax  levied  in  1844,  was  ^1,548  44;  statu 
tax,!f!2,2y3  91.  InlS13,$195  97,' were  paid  for  edu- 
cating children  of  jjoor  persons. 

JVeissenburg  townsltip  is  bounded  on  the  north- 
east by  L(nv  Hill  township,  on  the  soutli-east  by 
IMacunjy,  aial  on  ilie  soudi-west  by  iMaxatany 
townsbip  in  IJerks  connly,  and  nortli-west  by  Linn 
townshiji.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  in  some  places 
broken;  soil  gravelly,  1)ut  pretty  well  improved. 
The  assessed  value  of  land  ranges  from  $20  to  $25 
per  acre. 

This  townslnp  is  drained  by  Jordan  creek  and  it? 
tributaries.  Willow  r  ui,  and  Linn  run,  which  allbrd 
considerable  water  i)Owei.  There  are  here  six  grist 
mills  and  tliree  saw  mills.  There  are  two  churchtis 
in  this  townshi}) ;  one  ib  located  in  the  Forks  of  Willow 
run. 

Mount  Pleusant,  die  only  vdlage  in  the  townsliip. 
is  six  miles  from  ]•  oglesville,  consisting  of  several 
dwellings,  one  sioio  and  a  tavern. 

The   population  nf  if  is   townsbip  in    1820,  wa:-. 

•Besides  a  quota  ol'  ^;M  Hw,  paid  by  Lower  Macunjy  and  l-'j 
per  ^hii'urd. 


138               nisrouy  of  lehigii  county.  1 

\ 

1,175  i  ill  1S;3U,    1,265;   1840,  1,427.      The  ainoam  j 
of  counry  [c\x  k-vied  in  1844,  was  6'425  54;  staietax, 

$58G   10.     Ill  lS4:j,  ^9.2   94,  were  paid  10 wards  cju-  i 

eating  die  ]um,\\  \ 

The  iiiliuiHiaiitb  o(  this  township,  with    ih.i:.':   ot  i 

Berks  Cijiinty,  in  tins  i'cgion,  were  repeatedly  alarniLMl  j 

by  tlie  iij(:nr.-.:ii  us  of  tlie  hostile  Indians  dm-iiig  t!"'  I 

French  aiid  liuliaii  war,  from  1755  to  1763.     Tluir  I 

hopes  i.iJLl   i(';iis    wefe  alternately  excited;    for  tlj;:  | 

Indians  conjiintteil  several  murders  through  this  aiid  j 

adjacent  louniships,  immediately  north.  * 

In  L7f)8  and  ]li>'J,  when  the  inhabitants  of  Norili-  j 

amptoncoumy  oj)]M)sed  the  collecting  of  a  dir<  ct  lav  | 

by  the  general  government,  the  fears  of  (he  people  ni  i 

Ihis  towii'ihi);  \i-eri,  ag^ain  greatly  excited.  i 

Upper  Sctiuon  lowns/up  is  bounded  on  the  niuih  ! 

east  hy  Lower  Sancou,  JN<K'tliam])ton  county,eMst  by  j 

Ihicks  cDUiity,  soulh-west  by  Upper    Milford  towir  \ 

ship,  and  nurlii-west  by  Salisbury  townsliip.      rhe  | 

surface    is  divursilied ;    the  Lehigh    hills   or    biUiii  | 

mountain   ocv'i:|)ii;s  the  northern  part,  and  its  ipuc-.  ' 

extend  ta  tlu;  sonlliein  boundary.     The  valley;,  ;tre  | 

limestone,   and   the    uliole    under  cultivation.     'I'lie  | 

farms  are  highly  improved,  aiul  tiie  houses  and  bnnis,  S 

as  viewed  (fdu.  the  "  Mammoth  Rock,"  in  Salisbury  | 

townshii',  mal:i'  an   imposing  a|)pearance.     Iron  ore  ' 

abounds  in  iIk'  hills  and  mountains.     It  isih'aiaedby  1 

the  Saucon  crei,k,  which  runs  through  it  in  an  eastern  ^ 

direction,  towards  the  Lehigh  river.     This  stream  af-  ; 

fords  several  mill  seats.     Tliis  township  contains  six  ) 

grist  mills,  eight  saw  mills,  three  oil  mills,  one  clover  1 

mill,  and  several  tanneries.  ^ 

The  Spring  House  and    Bethlehem  turnpike  road  \ 

passes  riwrth  aiid  south  lin-ough  it.     Tliere  are  sov^rai  ' 

churches  in  Ihis    township.     Lately  a  cave  has  lee.i  j 

discoverea  (■■lli^d  ••  fjiilman's  Cave."       It  ha:    been  ] 

but  pai'tiaily  e\i;l')rctl.      It  is   said    there  is  j.    fiue'  \ 

stream  of  wate;-  in  il.  j 

Freijsl'jioi,   v,x    Frci/,sburg,   consisting   of  a  fe  .v 


IIISTOUY    OF    LEHIGH    COUNTY.  13!> 

dwellings  and  a  store,  on  the  turnpike,  near  tin: 
south-east  boundary,  is  tlie  only  village  in  this  towp- 
ship. 

The  populiiiionin  1820,  was  1,()42  ;  in  1830, 1,905  : 
in  1840,2,072.  The  amount  of  county  tax  levied  ilr 
184-4,  was  *{i(i7  GS  :  state  tax,  $986  83,  In  184  J 
$1G2   14,  were  paid  towards  educating  paupers. 

Salisbury  tuwn.^hip,  (Some  times  written  Saltzbery;. 
or  Salsherg,)  is  bourjded  on  the  north  by  Northamp- 
ton towjiship  and  tho  Lehigh  river,  on  the  east  by 
Lower  Saueon,  NorlhaHi[)ton  county,  south-eaiit  by 
Upper  Saueon,  south-west  by  Upper  Milford  and 
Lower  Maeunjy,  and  north-west  by  WliitehaU 
township.  Tlie  suilaee  of  the  country  is  rolling: 
tlie  greater  part  limestone  soil  of  the  lirst  rate  quality. 
and  very  well  cultivated.  The  Soudi  mountain,  in 
which  iron  ore  abounds,  runs  along  its  south-eastern 
boundary,  at  the  loot  <.f  which  is  a  small  village, 
called  Smithsville,  about  two  miles  south-east  from 
Allentown.  This  township  is  drained  by  the  Littl- 
J.ehii^h  crcflv,  an-l  one  of  lis  tnhutaiies,  whi<-li 
propel,  in  the  township,  three  grist  mills  and  two  sav 
mills. 

Niunerous  and  iiUeresting  as  the  natural  curiosities 
in  this  country  are,  there  is  none  that  so  amply  repays 
the  adventurer  as  tiie  Jiii^,  or  Ahunmoth  liock,  on 
the  Lehigh  hills,  or  South  mountain,  in  this  tow.i- 
ship.  It  is  about  tare<;  miles  south-east  from  Allen- 
town,  and  a  jaimt  to  the  hills  ibrms  a  ])leasant  hour'.s 
walk.  The  Rock  is  easily  ascended,  though  elevat<  d 
a  thousand  or  twelve  jiundred  feet  idjove  the  sn  - 
rounding  country.  The  spectator,  while  standing  o)i 
this  rupic  eniinence,  has  a  commanding  view  of  oiu- 
of  the  most  variegated  sceneries  imaginable.  As  far 
as  the  eye  can  reach,  except  on  the  north,  where  the 
vision  is  boupijcd  by  the  Blue  mountain,  are  sprt  ad 
before  the  eye,  wtli  euliivated  farms,  dotted  with 
buildings  :  ai:d  the  imn;  is  greatly  enlivened  by  '»  e 
Jin.jad  stream  of  the  Lehigh,  as  it  winds  its    way 


140  HlSTOllY    OF    LEHIGH    COUNTT. 

g 

down  tin:  luhaiui.iy  v^alley.     On  the  south,  east  ai;d  |l 

wc^t,  he  bi'I'ore  you  as  a  lawn,  Saucon,  with  its  i''h  |^ 

hnieslone    I;  rus.       J.an^nage    tails   to  deliniate   (he  & 

scenery  wiili  any  dei^ree  ol'  graphie  accuracy.  j 

'I'iie    pMjiuLluiU   ol'  this    t(jwnshi)>,  in   1820,   v.i.s  f 

l,lti5;  in  1830,  ];jl'i  ;  in  18-10,  1,438.     The  anioiiiit  1 

of  count/   lax  levied  lor   1844,  was  $844  80;  hli-Ui  | 

lax,  $1,31 -i   !):.  I 

Ejjuuas  io  a  post  village  at  the  foot  ol"  the  >M)Uih  % 

luountaiii,  III  lit  ou  nm^  street,  and  is  ahout  five  miles  | 
south-west  from  Allcntuwii,  I'lie  town  c(jii tains 
about  twenty-fivii  dwellings,  a  store  and  church.  The 
following,  lunching  this  place,  is  from  the  ])en  of  ihe 
Twdve.  I'kiLVi  t.f  the  churches,  schools,  i:c.,  &:c.^  ol 
the  United  Jircthren  in- America  : 

"This  settlement  (iMuaus,)  where  a  congregaiioii 
of  the  United  Ihetliren  was  regularly  organized  iu 
1747,  is  situated    near  the   Lehigh  mountains,  eight 

miles  from  Hethlidicm.  | 

•  ''The  lirsl  pl;K;e  uf  worship  was  built  in  1742;  tl.e  \ 

second  in   17(i(i,  Ijoth  of  wood,  and  the  third,  which  I 

is  the  preseui  chuieh,  in  1833.     The  present  nm:;lt(;i-  | 

of  souls  belonging  to  this  congregation  is  one  luin-  | 

dred  and  thirty,  (in  183())  of  wliom  eighty  are  loui  | 


mnnicaiius. 


Nurthainpioit  township.  This  is  a  small  town- 
ship which  suDounds  the  borough  of  Allentown. 
Portions  of  the  surl'ace  is  generally  undulating, but.  tlie 
greater  pari  is  level,  the  soil  is  limestone,  and  ve'-y 
iiighly  improved.  \\  lien  speaking  of  Allentown,-  tiit 
springs  &lc.,  arc^  notic'd.  In  1830,  the  population  was  5 
iil3,  and  IS  iO,  .'  i3.  In  Ibll,  the  amount  of  county  ' 
tax  levied,  was  ;i, J  73   u!J,  and  state  tax,  ^248  89. 

Allkm'uivn.''  '[his  town  was  laid  out  pviov  lo 
i752,  by  \Villiant  .illen,  Esip,  Chief  Justice  of  the 

*  tiee  Alli.  iUo\va. 

"The  substance  of  tlii:>  article  is  from  the  pen  of  l<.,in:i 
Vi''right,  Esq.  li  ajTpjar'j.!  oiijjiually  iu  lia/sard's  i'j,  li',:.'..  'v'cl 
Xllt,  p.  :iL)(i. 


lUSTOriY    01-    LEHIGH    COUNTY.  Ml 

Province  of  Pennsylvania.  Mr.  Allen,  it  appears, 
was  a  great  fried  to  the  Penn  family,  from  whom 
lie  derived  his  grants  of  land.  Governor  John  Penn 
niarried  his  dauyliter.  James  Allen,  son  of  tlie  pro- 
prietor of  Alicnlov/n,  residing  in  Pliiladelphia,  he- 
came  heir  to  ilu;  site  of  tiiis  town.  He  died  abont 
1782,  leaving  tli'j  properly  to  two  sons,  James  and 
William,  and  tl;roe  daugiiters,  viz  :  Mrs.  Greenleaf, 
Mrs.  Tilghman  ;uid  Mrs.  Livingston.  Several  of  tht; 
heirs  still  reside  her:  . 

.  This  place  ]in,'v-  the  nanie  of  Allenfown,  till  1811, 
when  it  was  calli.  d  ilio  Uoruugli  of  Northamptun,  tnu 
since  changed.  It  is  sitnated  at  the  jnnetion  of  tiic 
Jordan  and  J^iitle  Lehigh  creeks,  about  hall'  a  miK 
from  the  Lehigh  river.  It  is  six  miles  south-w. 'i 
from    Petlilchiin,   eighteen    miles    soutli-west    fron) 

„,        Easton,  and  fit'ty-f]\'c  miles  north-west  from  Phila- 

\  ^        delphia. 

It  is  one  of  the  oldest  settlements  on  the  Lehigh 
river,  and  in  die  dillerent  M'ars  of  America,  Avas  the 
scene  of  many  a  /*/•.//■(,'  itnti  hluody  deed.  It  was 
here  that  ('oloiicl  Jai;ios  Ihrd  displayed  such  heroisni 
in  the  early  wars  wuh  the  Indians.  It  was  here, 
during  the  Ivevolution,  that  llie  bells  which  "chi//ic 
so  merrily"  on  Christ  Church  in  Philadelphia,  were 
concealed  by  the  Americans,  and  it  was  here,  at  a 
later  period  of  our  national  existence,  that  the  insur- 
rection in  which  the  jiotorious  John  Fries  bore  s(- 
conspicuous  a  part,  was  fomented,  and  happily  foi 
us  all,  smothered  in  its  bnlh. 

Inhabited  by  a  lew  wealthy  and  imenterprising 
Germans,  and  cut  off  for  many  years  Irom  the  dil- 
ferent  post  routes,  by  the  iniluence  of  the  neighboring 
towns,  it  remamed  inactive  a  long  time.  Its  great 
elevation  too,  re-nderiiig  it  diflicidt  to  procure  tin;  ne- 
cessary sujjply  of  water,  had  the  etlect  of  ]-etardiug 
its  progress  in  the  march  tjf  improvement,  and  it  re- 
mained, as  at  lirst,  "uinioticed  and  unknown,"  imti! 
the  year  lf;il,  whcnjjy  the  division  of  Norlhatnpt'  a 
ciii;.ny,  it    i;ec.uue   the   seat   of    justice    of   Leiiigh 


142  HlSTOi!'/    OF    LEHIGH    COUNTY. 

county,  Wfi.s  iuturpor.itod  by  an  act  of  the  Legislainrc. 
])assed  Miiic-.li  18,  J 811,  and  called  Nortfunn^^tnh 
Borough.  By  a  sniilar  act  in  1838,  the  name  ^illcn,- 
toiun  was  again  resiored.  Since  it  has  beconi*;  tho 
county  seat,  the  rown  has  improved  rapidly,  and  hids 
fair  to  eclipse  iis  neighbors  in  trade  and  wealtli,  as  it 
has  already  in  point  of  beauty. 

The  form  o'tlie  tuwn  is  square.  Its  streets  aic  ai 
right  angli'S,  ai'd  the  }iublic  square  in  the  centre  adds 
much  to  its  a]ipcarance.  It  contauis  a  large  court 
liouse  and  public  houses  of  hewn  limestone,  a  spacious 
lu-ison  of  the  same  material;  five  churches,  German 
Iteformed,  Lutheran,  Presbyterian,  Methodist  Epis- 
copal, Evaiig(jli*'al  Association,  and  one  lor  all  de- 
nominations, eall.jd  '^  the  Free  Hall,''''  in  which  tem- 
perance l(icturcs  are  occasionally  dehvered;  an  Acade- 
my incorporated  March  18,  1814,  to  which  the  .state 
gave  two  Ihousand  dollars  ;  a  boarding  school, a  splen- 
did and  spacious  building,  formerly  occupiod  as  the 
llomoeojiailiic  college  J^issing,  it  might  be  renmrV- 
ed,  this  iuitilutiou  ntivtn"  went  into  full  operation,  ri^; 
it  was  designt;d  ii  shduld,  under  two  eminent  prul^v-- 
sors  residing  in  Philadelphia.  There  is  one  fouud.iy 
in  the  borough,  owned  by  Mr.  Freeburn  ;  Mc^s'-.s. 
Ivrause  &  Probst's  is  contiguous  to  the  borouidi ; 
several  machine  '.hoi)s,two  appothecaries, twenty-^ix 
iitores,  eli'ven  taA'crns,  and  six  coach  manufactonc... 

A  bank,  callcii  T/ie  Norlh(i)nplon  Bank,  was  es- 
tablished liere  in  18M,  with  a  ca})ital  of  !|il23,3'i5. 
It  became  comjiletely  bankrupt  in  1813.  The  tjv.  r^ 
is  well  sn))plied  with  good,  fresh  water,  from  Wor- 
nian's  siting,  at  the  foot  of  the  liill  on  wliich  ii  is 
built.  A  ijump,  worked  by  a  water  wheel  turned  Ly 
the  stream,  raises  the  water  into  a  ivsorvoir  in  die 
highest  part  of  iiie  town,  from  which  it  is  distribatcd 
by  pipes  laid  tliroiigh  the  streets.  The  waior  is 
forced  up  to  die  lieigbl  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  fe<t. 
Tlie  water  comi)any  was  forjned  in  1828. 

There  are  several  Newspapers  published  m  iliii 
li-rougli;    Bcr  Fricrlcn's  Jiotc  und  Lecha,  No-ih- 


F    LE'IIGH    COUNTY.  143 


nmpton,  Ihich^  unil  Monti^omery  Counties  J2n-- 
zeiger,  by  BUiu.'jr  &  lUisli,  is  neutral  in  politics.  It 
has  reached  its  lliirty-second  vohune.  JJer  Lecha 
Patriot  unci  Northcimptou  Democrat^  by  Reuben 
Guth,a  whig  ixijier.  It  has  been  in  existence  seven- 
teen years.  Der  Uiiahhaengi.sche  Iiejmblikaner,  by 
James  \Vilson,  Dcinnni-uic.  It  is  the  oldest  paper 
here.  The  Lehigh  I'lulctin,  by  John  Royer,  Demo- 
cratic. 

The  pre.sont  ]>o|;akuion  may  exceed  3000  ;  in  1830, 
it  was  1,54-1;  in  lc-!0,  ;i,4fi;3. 

It  is  worthy  ol'noiicc,  \o  show  the  salubrity  of  the 
air  of  this  place,  that  durmg  the  prevalence  of  the 
yellow  fever  of  1793  and  'L)9,  and.  the  cholera  in  1832 
and  '33,  there  was  not  a  single  case  of  eidier,  in  this 
place,  that  in  any  way  resembled  those  diseases. 

On  the  mahi  road  lo  liethlehem,  hi  view  of  the 
town,  is  a  bridge  across  tlie  Lehigh  river,  erected  in 
1841.  The  previous  one,  a  chain  bridge,  was  swept 
away  by  the  great  freshet  of  January,  1841.  There 
is  also  a  stone  bridge  across  the  Jordan  creek,  con- 
sisting (d"  eighteen  ar»f  -s.  It  is  alx)Ut  eight  inuidred 
feet   long.     It  was  completed   in   1837,  at  a  cost  of 

i5io,oool^ 

Tlie  mnnerous  springs,  namely:  Worman's,  Mar- 
tin's, Smith's  and  riellVich's,  are  all  worthy  of  being 
visited  by  the  traveller.  The  liig  or  Mammoth  Rock, 
spoken  of  when  describing  Salisbury  township,  should 
by  all  means  be  visitrl.  Jt  is  only  three  miles  I'rom 
ihe  borough,  and  will  amply  repay  the  adventiu:er 
for  his  walk. 

Ldcigh  Port,  contiguous  to  AUentown,  contains 
between  fifty  and  .sixty  dwellings,  one  tavern,  one 
store  and  six  sh>rinu  I'onscs.  Below,  is  Creenleafs 
Island,  owned  by  Su.  liulz  of  Philadelphia.  This 
island,  under  the  earr-  </i'  a  t\ew  Jerseyman,  su])[>lies 
the  goud  peo])l(;  oi'  the  b'.Moiigh  with  melons,  sweet 
potatoes,  6:c. 

In  is  11,  thio  pkvje  .siiiiained  considerable  uijuri^ 


144 


IlfsTOltY    OF    LEHIGH    COUNTS. 


from  the  January  iVesliet.     The  following' is  fruiii  ihc  ! 

Lehigh  Bulletin,  vva  :  '  j 

After  the  intense  cold  weather  we  had  the  bi-^iu-  1 

ning  of  last  week— on  Wednesday  and  Thur.stl;,y\ve  ' 

had  ram,  with  a  warm  southern  wmd,  that  hiou-ht  i 

on  a  suJdcn  Uiaw.      The  rivers  and  streams,  m  ijioie  ! 

parts,  rose  ra])idly— rose  to  an  unprecedented  IjoJLd'i.  I 

The  Jordan  and  Little  Lehigh  a])])ear  not  to  have  1 

heen  as  lii.di  as  at  the  great  freshet  in  18;J9.     (j\vin<''  ! 

to  tlic  nmncmQ  height  of  the  Big  J.ehigh,  tlic  back  | 

water  w a:;  several  feet  higher  than  two  year.^j  ago.  > 

The  Lilllc  Lclngh  was  about  three  feet  higher,  over  j 

Mr.  Martz's  tan  yard,  than  before.     The  Jurclr.n  ran  j 

ou^the  large  .sionc  bridge  over  it.  j 

The  hesb-r,.  in  the 'jJig  Lehigh,  was  trenieMdui's.  I 

1  lie  water  v/.is  alxjut  twenty  feet  above  low-water  { 

mark  below  the  da  ;n ;  and  was  about  three  feet  abnve  ' 

the  highest  point  on  the  Ihg  Island.     Such  a  iJood  is  ! 

not  recollected  by  our  oldest  inhabitants.  j 

Our  excellent  bridge  over  the  liig  Lehigh,  and  lull  I 

liouse,  arc  gon.; ;  three  frame  houses  of  iMr.  I).  K  I,  ck-  j 

ner,  between  ids  tavern  and  the   bridge,  are  gone.  • 

The  gatedi-eeiier's  family  have  got  away,  but  sr'vetl  J 

notlnng  out  of  the  house.     The  other  families  saved  I 

more  or  less,  but  sustained  lieavy  losses.     The  store  : 

houses  have  been  considerably  injured  at  djc  basin,  j 

and  sev.;ral  of  our  merchants,  in  not  havn.y   iheir  I 

goods  removed,  liave  met  with  heavy  losses.   A  iar^-e  '' 

cpiantuy  of  hup.ber,  and  a  number  of  boats  and  scows  1 

were  lost.     About  iwo  thousand  tons  of  coal  aiolosr.  ^ 

The  navigation  .lam  has  but  little,  if  any,  injury  done  j 

to  it.     Tiie  canal  has  sustained  some  injury.  j 


ClUPTEE  XL 

•  '      MONROE  COUNTY  ORGANIZED,  &c. 

Tills  coynijj  v/us  eiecled  out  of  Northampton  i\m\ 
"Pike  counties,  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature,  passed 
April  I,  183G.  Tt  was  enacted,  "that  the  township 
of  Ross,  Chcstnuthill,  Tohyhanna,  Pokono,  llamiltuii 
Stroud  and  Sniilhfield,  north  of  the  Blue  mountain, 
in  Northampton  coanty,  together  with  the  townships 
of  Middle  Smithfield,  Price  and  Coolbaugh,  in  Pike 
'County,  shall  be,  and  the  same  are  hereby  declared  to 
be  erected  into  a  separate  county,  to  be  called  Mon- 

BOE."* 

By  the  same  act,  Moses  W.  Coolbaugh,  Benjamin 
V.  Bush,  William  Vam  Buskirk,  Michael  Shoemaker 
and  Joseph  Track,  u  ere  appointed  trustees,  whose 
duty  it  (shall  be)  was  to  receive  written  offers  of 
donations,  in  real  estate  and  money,  towards  defray- 
ing the  expenses  of  the  lands  and  public  buildings  for 
the  use  of  the  county. 

The  trustees  had  several  oflers  made  them  of  sites 
for  the  county  seat ;  among  others,  was  Kellerstown, 
m  Hamilton  township,  on  the  north  and  south  turn- 
pike. Stroudsburg,  however,  was  considered,  by  th( 
tirustees,  the  most  favorable  location  for  the  county 
seat. 

Monroe  couiny,  as  ai  present  limited,  is  aboui 
twenty-five  niilcs  in  Icngili  and  the  same  in  breadth^ 
making  an  area  of  about  six  hundred  square  miles. 

•  In  1843,  Ca.loa  county  was  erected,  when  Penn  Forest  towc 
shiif.   i.i  Monrue  conniy,  was  ir.cliided  in  Carbon.  ■ 
J 


146  illVrOIJV    OF    MONROE    COUNTV.  A 

embracing  four  hurulred  thousand  acres  of  lai.d,  ilie  | 

greater  proportion  of  whicli  is  forest,  and  much  of  a  I 

unseated  land.     Tliousands  of  acres  were  lately  sold  *^ 

*•  to  pay  the  arrears  of  taxes  due  thereon  and  the  l  osi,.  I 

of  such  s:des."     In  the  majority  of  townships,  l;ituls  * 

of  this  kind  were  ofilered  for  sale  by  the  county  cum-  1 

mission.ers,  in  1844.  * 

Monroe  is  generally  very  mountainous ;  much  oi  \ 

it  is  ociuipied  by  tfie  desolate  ranges  ol"  the   Poi:o!io  I 

mountain,  and  prominent  ridges  of  a  coarse  fossilifcr-  i 

ous  sand-3lo]ic.     The  geological  features  of  the  connU  I 

.are  varie  1  and  rugiied.     liegiiming  on  the  sou:li  ;;:i(li:,  | 

lliero  is  the  lofty  Kittatinny  mountain,  which  is  rent  j 

by  the  well  known  Delaware  Water  Gap,  wiih  its  l 

depressions  at  ihe  Wind  Gap  and  Smith's  GajK     im-  \ 

mediately  along  llui  north  side  of  the  ]31ue  mouiuain  j 

is  a  narrow  bolt  of  red  and  variegated  shale,  sue-  ^ 

ceeded  on  the  north  by  a  limestone  belt  of  no  great  * 

thickness;  then  follows  the  coarse  fossiliferous  sand-  i 

.stone,  forming  a  sharp,  rocky  ridge,  nearly  par;dk'!  | 

with  the  mountain,  forming  a  line  of  irregular,  sliar}),  I 

rugged    liills,    which    range    south-westward    fropi  s 

Stroudshurg.     On  the  north  sid(i  ol"  this  is  Ibuiid  an  t 

olive  slate  Ibrnntion,  the  lower  hods  of  which  aro  in  | 

some  places  so  calcareous  as  to  form  a  rough,  slaty  i 

limestone,  containing  masses  of  chert,  or  black  lliiU,  ' 

and  also  shells  ;aid  other  tbssLl  remains.  A])proaclnnf,'  ;*■ 

towards  the  fool  of  the  Pokono  mountain,  we  nied^  >! 

the  red  sandstones  and  shales,  next  in  position,  al.ovi.'.  ■» 

tlie  olive  slate;  these  form  the  soutiiern  trout  (jf  ijjc  % 

mountain,  and  extend  through  the  country  ininu  di-  ^^■ 

ately  south-east   of  it.     Passing   over   Pokono,   we  ?; 

meet,  in  the  rocky  elevated  region  beyond  its  suinmit  [' 
the  hard  coarse  sandstone.* 

In  the  north-wcsiern  part  of  the  county,  on  tiie  ; 
head  branches  of  the  I.ehigh  river,  lies  an  imineiise 
body  of  wcltish  land,  covered  with  a  dark,   dense 
lorestof  lofiypine.  'This  region  is  called  the  "  S/.'td::! 

*  C.  B.  Trego,  Esti- 


JllSTOnY    01'     ^!0NHOE    COUNTY.  M7 

of  Death,^^  or  -'Great  Swamp,"  by  the  forlorn  fugi- 
tives from  Wyoming,  in  1778.  Tins  part  of  the 
county  is  still  eompaiatively  a  wilderness,  and  most 
of  its  lands  are  classed  as  ''  unseated.'"  The  opening 
of  the  Lehigh  navigation,  however,  is  attracting  many 
lumber-men  to  diis  region,  and  ere  long  will  become 
a  brisk  and  lively  place.  This  portion  is  very  sparsely 
inhabited;  the  great  bulk  of  the  population  is  to  be 
found  along  die  valley  of  the  Delaware  and  Ikoad- 
head''s  creek,  and  between  the  liliie  rnoimtain  and  a 
beltof  some  live  miles  wide,  lying  between  the  Poke- 
no  and  Kitlatmny  mount^ans.  Settlements  had  be(;i. 
made  here  a  century  ago.  The  Minisink  settlements, 
partly  within  this  county,  may  have  been  commenced 
two  hundred  years  ago.  This  settlement  is  along  the 
tluts  of  the  Delaware  river,  extendmg  into  this  county. 
and  were  undoubtedly  made  by  the  Dutch  from  Kio- 
jiiis,  on  the  Hudson  river,  in  the  state  of  New 
:    j       York.* 

',.  I  The  population  ol  this  county,  as  to  origiij  or  an- 

\A      cestry,is  mixed.     In  die  soutiiern  and  western  part.s. 

I       the  peo])le  arc  tJermii.ii,  and  still  speak  that  language. 

(About  Stroiidsburg,  the  i'usl  settlers  were  friends,  and 
of  r'nglish  descent ;  in  the  east,  Dutch,  French,  and 
one  or  two  Spanish  tamilies.  Among  these  are  Van 
1]  Etten,  Depui,  and  (iiinsaules;  but  the  Dutch,French 
t^  and  Spanish  are  not  now  spoken  by  any  of  their  de- 
Jj      .scendents. 

'  I'his  county  is  pretty  well  supplied  with  water 
power  for  mills,  and  other  manufacturing  purposes. 
The  Delaware  river  waslies  a  portion  of  the  soutli- 
eastern  boundary,  and  drains  tha,t  part  of  the  county 
by  its  tributaries:  such  as  Marshall  creek,  Broadhead 
creek,  or  Jlnalomlnk.  Mill  creek,  Bushkill,  M'lUi- 
chael's  creek,  Cherry  creek,  and  other  small  oner;. 
On  the  west  it  is  drained  by  tlie  Lehigh,  witli  itt 
tributaries,  such  as  Tobyhanna,  which  rises  in  a  smai: 
lake  called  Long  Po/k/.  and  running  a  south-westerly 


i^ifiUhfield  lo'vnship 


148  msroflF  op  monroe  countt. 

course,  receives  the  waters  of  Big  and  Little  Tuni, 
hanna  <irce]{,  and  falls  into  the  Lehigh,  abcuii  iw( 

miles  below  Sioddartsville ;  the  Big  creek,  formed  by  \ 

the  junction  of  the  Pohopoko  and  lloeth's  or  llead'f.  | 

creek,  at  the  foot  of  the  Pohopoko  mountani,  froin  t 

which  rafts  descend  to  its  mouth.     It  flows  south-  ^ 

westpi  ly.,  thrciigh  a  cultivated  valley,  to  which  it  giv<s  l 

name,  and  falls  into  the  Lehigh  at  Parrysvillc,  four  f. 

miles  above  the  Lehigh  Water  Gap;  and  the  Aqiiaii-  .| 

fihioola,  which  rises  about  a  mile  east  of  the  Wiiui  ! 

(iap,  in  Ross  township,  and  running  along  its  ba.sf;.  \ 

falls  into  th*^^  J.ci.igh,  at  its  entrance  into  the  ''vVutrr  I 

Gap.  I 

This  county  contained,  in  1840,  according  !o  iIk  « 

statistici.  of  that  y*:;ir,  <J,519  head  of  neat  cattle,  DJ22  | 

sheep,   10,G4i  swine;  and  produced   10,961  buLhel'  ". 

of  wheat,  8bi-93  of  rye,  5ti,391  of  Indian  corn,  50,56i>  | 

of  buckwheai,  57,513  of  oats,  f>9,237  of  potatoes.     It  • 

had  nineteeii  stores,  one  flouring  mill,   twenty-fivt  \ 

grist  nijlls,  oin;  hundred  and  seven  saw  mills,  nintteeii  ] 

tanneries,  two  printing  offices,  two  weekly  ne\v'spa-  \ 

pers,two  academies,  thirty-one  schools,  seven  bioKlrcil  j 

and  ninety-io;ir  scholars,  and  a  population  of  iiinr  | 

thousand  eiglit  hundred  and  seventy-nine.  \ 

There  is  but  one  furnace  in  the  county — tb<;  cm  | 

owned  by  Mr.  Jordan.  I 

The  following  extracts  are  taken  from  the  ii  ct-rd.-  , 

of  the  court  of  Quarter  Sessions,  viz  :  | 

At  a  court  of  Quarter  Sessions  of  the  peace,  la  l.-i  ' 

at  Stroudsbuijj,  in  and  for  the  county  of  Monroe,  or;  I 

the  nineteenth  day  of  December,  A.  D.  1836,  befovf  1 
the  Hon.  David  Scott,  President,  Jacob  Brov/n  w.vi 

John /r.  Bell,  Esquires,  associates  of  the  same  co\!r(,  j 

Joseph  S.  'f\;el,  Esq.,  High  Sheriff  of  the  said  coun- 
ty, came  into  court  and  made  return  of  the  .several  | 
writs  and  pveeepts,  to  him  directed,  and  made  return  | 
ed  here  tlie  same  day;  and  also  produced  a '.;CTtair 
venire  /acias,  juratores,  with  a  pannel  there  to  an- 
nexed, which  beir.g  called  over,  the  followmg  peT.-or,. 
appeared,  to  v/U- 


mSTOriY    OF    f.'OffRQE    COUNTY.  149 

I.  Sroud  J.  IlollenslieaJ,  foreman. 
-  2.  John  Boys,  Philip  S,  Brown,  Frederick  Knecht, 
Joseph  Felker,  Samuel  Rees,  James  Van  Buskirk, 
Andrew  Learn,  George  Rouse,  Jolin  Yetter,  Jacob 
Shatter,  George  Buskirk,  Joseph  Vanaken,  Samuel 
Myer,  James  Murgan,  Phihp  Krasge,  George  Flyde, 
Peter  Lander  v.nd  Madison  Decker,  who  were  seve- 
rally sworn  o:  alfirnied,  well  and  truly  to  enquire  for 
tiie  conimonwealth  of  Pennsylvania,  in  and  for  the 
body  of  the  county  of  Motn-oe. 

(P^Ia  1837,  There  were  thirty-two  licensed  public 
houses. 


{■ ).).. 


CHAPTER  XII. 

TOPOGRAPHY  OF  T0WNSfnP8,&c.  ' 

J 

Stroud  toionship,  so  called  after  one  of  iio  {iir-v  | 
settlers,  c/t/coi  S/rcmd,  is  bounded  on  the  noitli  l)y  j 
Middle  Smithfield  township ;  on  the  east  by  Siniili-  \ 
iield;  on  tlui  south  by  Northanijiton  county  ;  on  lb''-  ^ 
south-west  by  Mainilton  township  ;  and  on  the  nMit!)  ', 
west  by  Pokouv*  township.  The  surface  of  this  rown-  i| 
ship  is  partly  Lilly  and  partly  level ;  a  portion  of  the  ! 
township  is  liuK^stone  soil ;  nnich  of  it  gravel.  Con- 
siderable attention  is  paid  to  agriculture  ;  many  oi  tli. 
larms  are  well  improved  ami  abundantly  prodiiciivo 

The  U)wnslup  is  well  watered  by  Smithfield  rrcik 
and  its  tributaiies,  Sambo,  Broadhead,  Sullivan,  unci 
by  M'Michaers  cre<d{s,  and  Cherry  creek.     Srnidi-       "; 
field  creek  is  formed    by  Fokono,  Broadhead'-i;  and       y 
M'Michael's  cr.!eks,  near  Stroudsburg.     It  is  navigu-       ! 
ble  a  short  distance  above  the  river  Delaware,  inti^ 
•which  it  enters.     Sambo  creek  rises  in  Pike  county,      '■ 
and  dowing  south-westerly  through  the  north-v/G;-i 
course  of  SmitldieKl  township,  falls  into  liroadiioad's       \ 
creek,  in  this   township.      Sullivan's  creek  risos  iii 
Tobyhanna   tov/nship,  and  tlowing  an  eastern  anil 
southern   course,   falls    into    Smithfield   creek,    near 
Stroudsburg.      M'lMichael's   creek  rises  in    Pokoiio 
township,  and  ai'ter  a  devious  course  of  twelve  or  ihir- 
teen  miles,  falls  into  Smithfield  creek,  at  Stroutiobuig. 
It  is  a  rapid  stream,  serpentine  in  its  course,  nnd  af- 
lords  several  excellent  mill  seats.     Several  nuiis  ar-' 
turned  by  it.    Cherry  creek  rises  at  the  foot  of  d;.  l^l)ii: 
iuount;:iii;  near  the  Wind  Gap, and  running  along  the 


I 


HISTOUY    or    AfONROE    COUNTY.  15!; 

foot  of  thenioiintahi,  falls  into  the  Delaware  river,  at 
its  enterance  into  the  Wuter  Gap.  It  is  a  very  rapid, 
stream,  and  has  several  mill  seats  upon  it. 

There  are  two  newspapers  published  here,  viz . 
The  Jeffersonian  liepublican,  printed  and  published 
hy  Messrs.  Schoch  &  Spearing  ;  and  The  Monnn 
Democrat,  by  RallVrty  If  annum.  This  paper  was 
eonnuenced  in  183G, 

Near  Stroudsl)U.ry  is  an  extensive  forge  for  tiv; 
maiuifactory  of  bar  iron,  where  a  nurpber  of  fires, 
hariuners,  and  sonic  thirty  hands  are  at  work.  The 
forjjc.  is  owned  by  John  Jordan,  Esq., of  Philadelphia, 
suecessfully  .managed  hy  Mr.  Morris  Evans. 

The  population  of  Stroud  township  was,  in  182c). 
1,143;  in  1830,  laiSl  ;  in  1840,  1,206,  exclusive  «\ 
the  borough,  which  nmiibered  407.  The  tax  valua- 
tion of  real  and  personal  property,  in  1844,  was  $248.- 
816  00;  trades  and  occupations,  $50,420  00;  money 
at  interest,  S26,485  v)o ;  i)leasure  carriages  valued  ai 
^2,485. 

STKOunsjimu;,  tlu;  couiUy  scat,  is  situated  in  a  very 
fnie  coiuUry,  on  tliu  K'tt  bank  of  the  M'Michael';: 
creek,  some  distance  below  where  the  Pokono  empties 
into  it,  and  innnedJately  above  the  junction  of  the 
^rlnaiomink,  or  Broadhead  creek,  with  M'Michael'' 
creek.  The  town  is  pleasantly  situated ;  the  strecis 
are  wide;  many  ot  the  houses  are  handsome,  and 
generally  staml  bir.ck  irom  the  streets,  with  neat 
small  yards  before  them,  ad<hng  much  in  heightenina 
the  fine  appearance  of  the  place.  The  yards  arc 
adorned  with  slntdjbery  of  various  kinds.  Tie., 
houses  are  prhicipally  frame,  and,  it  appears,  as  i; 
were  by  general  consent,  are  painted  white;  with 
windows  and  doors  of  green  and  yellow,  as  fancy 
may  have  direcled.  Description  fails  in  presenting 
the  beauty  of  the  ])lace,  the  romantic  scenery  of  tlie 
Eurrounding  viciinty.  . 

The  to;-/n  is  three  miles  north-west  from  the  Di;la- 
waie  Wati:i'    Gap:  thirty  from  Easton.     It  was  ii'- 


152  HISTORY    OF    MONROE    COUNTY. 

corporated  as  a  borough,  by  an  act  of  Assembly, 

passed  February  6,  1615.  It  contains  two  academies  ;  j 

the  one  was  incorporated,  March  28,  1814  ;  the  other  I 

was  erected  in  183S.     There  are  within  its  precincts  I 

five  churclies  ;  one  for  the  EngUsh  Presbyterians,  one  ^ 

for   the    Orthodox   Friends,   and   the   other  for   the  3 

Friends,  or  Quakers  ;  one  for  the  Methodist  Episco-  | 

pal,  and  a  free  church.     Besides  these  denominulions,  ! 

Baptists  ai7.d  German  Relbrmed  preach  occasit-iudly  ■ 

in  the  sionc-  acadesijy.     There  are  four  taverns  and  | 

eiglit  stores  ii;  the  town  ;  also  a  giist  and  saw  iiiill,  an  ^ 

extensivo  tannery.     Population  about  700.  ' 

The  town  and  township  maybe  called  "a  Qimker 
settlement.''  The  inhabitants  are  enterprising,  frank, 
temperate,  moral,  always  ready  toextend  thehr.ud  oi 

friendship  to  strangers  and  visitors.  * 

Stroudsburg  Avas  first   settled   by   Colonel  incoli  \ 

Stroud,  oi   the   fievolutionary  army,  who  had  cor)i-  1 

mand  here,  of  Furt  Petin,  and  owned  about  four  I 

thousand  acres  of  iand  in  tiie  vicinity.     Five  licusos  \ 

had   been  erettcd  before  his   death,   180G.      Daniei  * 

Stroud,  after   the   di;ath  of  his  father,  widened  tlio  j 

main  street,  sold  lots  as  occasion  otfered.     In   1335  * 

the  town  was  selected  as  the  county  seat.     It  is  said  f 

by  Daniel  Strou;!,  an  aged  and  venerable  citizen  of  ' 
the  place,  that  Fort  Hamilton,  one  of  the  forts  that 


iiic  i^iauc,  luuL  ^  (>ri  jiumiicon,  one  oi   ine  torts  Uiat  j 

formed  a  line  of  frontier  posts,  extending  froui  tl^.e  | 

Delaware,  along  the  Kittatinny  mountain,  to  the  Pcv  j 

tomac  river,  eruted  during  the  old  French  and  In-  ] 

dian  war  of   1755-60,  stood  at  the  west  end  of  the  * 

town.     It  is  said   that  two  soldiers  of  the  garnsoii,  \ 

walking  among  the  scrub  oaks  on  the  brow  of  the  ; 

hill,  where  the  i  cadcmy  now  stands,  were  killed  by  j 

a  party  of  Indians  iu  ambuscade.  > 

James  Young,  Cormnissary  General,  states  in   his  | 

jour)ial  ot  Jmie  2  1,  1750  :     "  At  four,  A.  M.,  set  out  j 

from  Bosart's  ;  ai  six  came  to  fort  Hamilton,  af  out  \ 
-seven  miles  from  Bosart's— a  good  wagon  road,  and  ; 

die  bind  i)etler  tlian  any  I  had  seen  on  the  north  iidc 


of  the  mountain.  f 


Hisrouy  OF  monroe  county.  153 

^  "  Fort  Hamiltoti  slands  in  a  com  field,  by  a  farm 
house,  in  a  plain  and  clear  country;  it  is  a  square 
with  four  hale  hastjons,  all  very  ill  contrived  and 
finished  ;  the  sioccadis  arc  six  inches  open  in  many 
places,  and  not  lirm  in  the  ground,  and  may  be  easily 
pulled  down.  Before  the  gate  are  some  stoccades 
driven  in  the  ground  to  cover  it,  which  I  think  might 
be  a  great  shelter  to  an  enemy.  I  therefore  ordered 
them  to  pull  them  dovv^n.  I  also  ordered  to  fill  up 
the  otiier  stoccades  where  they  were  open. 

^'Provincial  stores. — One  wall  piece,  14  good 
muskets,  4  waiit  repairing  ;  16  cartouch  boxes  filled 
with  powder  and  lead,  28  pounds  of  powder,  13 
pounds  of  lead,  10  axes,  one  broad  axe,  26  toma- 
liawks,  28  blankets,  3  drawing  knives,  3  splitting 
knives,  2  adzes,  2  sav.'S,  and  one  brass  kettle." 

Colanel  James  Hard  states  in  his  journal  of  March 
2,  1758  :  "  Timrsday  2d,  1  marched  from  here,  (Fort 
Hyndshaw)  at  nine,  A .  M.,  for  Samuel  Depue's;  went 
by  way  of  Fort  Hamilton,  to  view  that  place.  Ar- 
rived at  Fort  Hamilton  at  two  P.  M. — viewed  it,  and 
found  it  a  very  poor  .^loccade,  with  one  large  house 
in  the  middle  of  it,  and  some  families  living  in  it." 

In  December,  1755,  the  Indians  made  an  attack 
upon  the  inhabitants  in  the  neighborhood  of  this 
place,  as  appears  from  the  following  depositions — one 
taken  at  Philipsburg,  the  other  at  Easton : 

Colonel  Joseph  Stout  received  one  express  this 
morning,  by  a  young  man  from  that  place  where 
John  Carmeckk'  and  Hroadliead  live,  back  of  Samuel 
Depue's,  wheru  they  wi;ii'  attacked  yesterday  about 
eleven  o'clock,  where  the  barn  and  barracks  were  on 
fire,  and  heard  the  guns  afiring,  far  Broadhead  had 
barricaded  his  Jiouse,  and  tiiere  were  several  people 
killed,  and  I  fled  to  Jchii  Anderson  for  help,  and  as 
near  as  I  could  estimate,  there  were  one  hundred  of 
the  enemy  that  appeared  lo  me,  and  were  in  white 
people's  clothing,  only  a  few  match  coats. 

Sworn  before  me,  this  li;lh  Dec,  1755. 

IIENUY  COLE. 


154  IIISTOUY    OP    MONROE    COUNTY. 

Col.  Stout,  I  desire  you  would  com<5  up  djiecily 
with  your  regiment,  till  you  and  I  see  if  we  ciuinui 
save  our  country.  Your  compliance  will  oblige  your 
real  i'lietid. 

JOHN  ANDERSO.N. 

Tlie  Ijifi  (ii(y  of  Deceuiber,  1755,  personally 'ip-  j 
poared  bclbic  me,  William  Parsons,  one  ot"  his  in;;- 
justy's  jusliccs  of  tlui  peace,  for  tlie  county  of  Ncitli-  ] 
amplon,  John  ]\l'i\i ichael,  lletuy  Dysert,  J.n-.rs 
Tidd  and  ,\v.h  Jiak^^born,  jr.,  who  being  duly  ■v/oru 
on  the  Holy  Evangcb.sis  of  Almighiy  ^Ood,  did  d.-- 
pose  and  dechjc  tbat  yesterday  about  tbreo  cf  tin- 
clock,  in  tluj  itMcnoon,  two  Indian  men  came  licin  I 
towards  liroadbead's  bouse,  wbo  fired  at  tbesc  dcpo-  * 
nents  and  several  others,  wbo  returned  the  fue  uiul  I 
wade  llie  Indians  turn  o/f/;  and  tlie  said  deponents,  | 
James 'i'idd  i.h.l  J..b  iJakehorn,  further  say  ijuu  as  i 
they  weic  gwing  round  the  stack  yard  of  the  ^Jaid  ' 
M'Micbael,  wbere  they  all  were,  they  saw,  us  ll;::;r  j 
verily  believe,  it  least  four  Indiaus  on  their  knee'  | 
about  twenty  purches  Irom  the  stack  yard,  wbo  lived  ji 
at  these  deponents.  And  tliese  de})onents  furtber  say.  j 
that  they  were  engaged  in  maimer  albresaid  with  tli.;  ^ 
Indians  at  least  tbree  ([uarters  of  an  hour;  and  t'lese  I 
deponents,  John  M'Michael  and  Henry  Dyser,,  liu'-  I 
ther  say,  tbat  they  saw  the  barn  of  the  said  iiruad-  ^ 
head  on  lire  altout  nine  of  tlie  clock  in  the  mt);ijiMi:,  I 
which  continu.il  burning  till  they  left  the  house,  be-  \ 
ing  about  Jour  in  the  afiernoon,  and  tbat  ibey  heanl  i 
shooting  and  crying  at  IJroadbead's  liouse  almost  tbe  j 
whole  day,  and  tbat  when  they  left  M'MicbaePs  I 
liOUse,  tbe  dwelling  bouse  of  the  said  liroadhead  was  \ 
yet  unbu'-ht,  l>emg,  as  tbey  suposed,  defended  by  the  J 
people  v/ilbiii.  .Vud  these  deponents,  James  Tidd  ! 
and  Job  lbll^-(loru,  iurtbersay,  that  they  did  not  come  \ 
to  M'Miclaiel's  house  till  about  tbree  in  the  aftcvnoon,  i 
wbi^n  tbey  could  see  tbe  barn  and  barrack's  oi"  Ibe 
said  nroidiieud  ou  lire;  and  these  deponenis  luMlu.r 


HISTORY    OP    MONROE    COUNTY.  15", 

say,  that  thoy  did  not  see  any  one  killed  on  either  side 
hut  James  Garland,  one  of  their  company,  was  shot 
through  the  hand  and  arm;  and  further  deponent- 
say  not. 

JOHN  M'MICHAEL, 
HENRY  DEYSERT, 
JOB  JiAKEHORN. 

Sworn  at  E<iston,  Decemher  12,  1755,  before  mv 
WILLIAM  l^ARSONS. 

The  Indiaiis  .uMiimified  many  cruel  murders  in  this 
region  of  cuiiutiy,  as  will  appear  in  the  seciue], 
''l^ebruary  10,  176  J,  Lidians,  to  the  number  of  fifty, 
attacked  the  larm  of  James  Russel,  Northampt<.M 
county,  (now  Monroe,)  near  Fort  Penn  ;  burnt  his 
barn,  killing  one  of  his  sons,  and  carrying  oft"  anotlu  r 
Olhc.^rsat  that  post  pursued,  but  did  not  overtake  tin- 
Indians. 

j'Eebruary  26,  J.lin  Russell,  brother  of  the  abov,. 
lads,  beiore  luuiitiornd,  was  attacked  by  three  Indiana. 
He  took  a  tive,  an.!  received  three  iires  from  each, 
returned  as  many,  ind  (hove  them  olf.  One  aha 
passed  through  his  hat,  another  through  the  sleeve  ..I 
his  coat,  and  the  third  wounded  him  slightly  in  th,- 
calf  of  the  leg."- 

Stroudsburg  was  (he  first  settlement  reached  by  th. 
lorlorn  fugitives  from  Wyoming,  after  the  battle  o. 
July,  177S.  Colonel  Spalding  was  liere,  at  Fort  Penn 
at  the  time,  with  a  auiaolmient,  and  immediately  leii 
to  endeavor  to  succ.ir  (ho  people  of  Wyonnng ;  bi;i 
he  was  too  late,  and  passed  on  to  the  West  Braiuli, 
aiKl  alterwards  went  up  to  Sheshequin.t 

Stroudsburg  and  vicinity  suffered  nuich  from  thr 
flood  in  January,  l-j  M. 

nisustrous  //6,;r/.-  -Within  the  last  {ew  days  Wv' 
have  experiniiced  the  most  disastrous  ilood  ev.  r 
known  m  this  seciioi!  of  the  country.    On  \Vednesd.'  / 

•Oordon'H  His,  Pa.,  App»iHlix,  p.  624. 
il'.ty's  Cc.llcctions,  p.  478. 


15(3  HISTORV    OP    MONROE    COUNTY. 

morning  last  tiie  rain  commenced  falling,  and  cjn- 
timied  without  cessation,  until  late  on  Thursday  night  j 
or  Friday  morning,  which  of  course  softened  the  snow  i 
and  started  it  running  into  the  brooks  and  sniali  5 
streams  ar.rand  the  vicinity.  | 

On  Thursday  afternoon  the  ice  commenced  runni/'.g  i 
out  of  th(3  Polcono  an.d  M'Michael's,  and  Broadhea.l 's  \ 
creeks,  Avhich  surround  the  borough,  and  before  eve/-  '^. 
ing  they,  as  well  as  all  other  streams,  were  swolli;n  ! 
10  a  height  uavei  before  known  by  the  oldest  iniiabi-  | 
lant5.  h\  its  coursij  the  dcstructivii  element  s  .vept  I 
away  bridges,  lumttc  r,  one  or  two  small  houseii  and  I 
barns,  and  indeed  every  species  of  property  along  the 
creeks,  w^s  more  or  less  injured. 

On  Broadhcad's  creek,  the  saw  mills  of  William 
.Staples,  Jasper  Cotant,  and  several  others  have  been 
materiaUy  injured,  and  nearly  all  kinds  of  mills  have 
been  rendered  useless  for  a  considerable  time.  The 
Analomink  Iron  Works,  of  Evans,  Scranton  &  Co., 
about  a  mile  behjw  the  borough,  are  said  to  have  been 
seriously  damaged,  though  we  cannot  at  pre^jeiit  \ 
make  any  estinii'te  nf  the  loss  sustained. 

On  Thursday  night,  families  were  compelled  to  qiiil 
their  houses  and  tiee  to  those  of  their  neighboi's  for 
safety.  I 

The  loss  sustained  by  the  county, in  bridges,  &c.,is  | 
immense,  as  scarcely  one-tenth  of  all  the  county  | 
bridges  have  escaped  the  general  destruction.  The  ^ 
clover  mill,  saw  mill,  barn  and  bridge  belongimr  to  j 
James  Bell  &  Brothers,  in  Sniithfield,  have,  we  uikIoi-  ] 
stand,  been  entirely  swept  away,  together  with  a  part  j 
of  their  grist  mill.  j 

The  extensive  tannery  of  R.  T.  Dowing  &  Co.,  in  I 
Pokono,  is  said  to  have  been  much  hijured — also  that  « 
of  Jeremy  xMackey,  at  Jiartonsville.  ])epue  S.  Miller,  J 
Ksq.,  we  presume,  sustained  considerable  loss  at  bis  \ 
tannery,  ut  this  place,  The  brick  house  built  by  Henry  f 
Jordan  &  Co.,  on  the  south  side  of  M'Michael's  creek,  * 
has  been  considerably  endangered  by  the  caving  in 
-..'f  the  baiiK,  and  fears  were  entertained  on  Friday 


HISTORY    OP    MONROE    COUNTY.  ,157 

that  it  would  also  hecome  a  prey  to  the  destructive 
element.     But  fortunalcly,  we  believe,  it  still  stands. 

(l^  Since  the  above  was  in  type,  we  understand 
that  the  blacksmith  ami  wheelwright  shops,  belong- 
ing to  John  Dietrich,  imi-keeper,  on  the  north  and 
south  turnpike  road,  was  entirely  swept  ofT — and 
most  painful  of  all,  a  young  man  from  New  Jersey. 
who  wasendoavoriiig  to  save  the  above  property,  Avas 
drowned,  and  the  body  afterwards  found  some  eiglity 
yards  below — his  name  we  liave  not  learned. 

The  dam  belonging  to  Peter  Keller's  mill,  in  Cherry 
valley,  was  taken  off,  and  all  the  dams  and  bridges 
on  Cherry  creek.  We  also  learn  that  the  saw  mill 
of  Michael  Rausbury,  on  Broadhead's  creek,  was 
entirely  carried  oil'.  We  learn  that  the  roads,  bridges, 
&c,,  in  almost  every  'lirection,  are  more  or  less  injured, 
and  many  of  them  rendered  impassable.  There  Is 
scarcely  a  mill  of  any  description  along  the  streams 
in  this  county,  but  has  been  more  or  less  injured — 
dams  in  some  instances  torn  away,  and  some  of  tlie 
saw  mills  swe|)t  entirely  oiT. 

We  heard  ii  runiured  ihat  several  houses,  &c.,  wert, 
■seen  floathig  down  the  Delaware,  between  this  place 
and  Milford.* 

,  Smithfield,  or  Loiuer  Smithjield  township,  is 
bounded  on  the  north-west  by  Middle  Smithfield 
township  ;  on  the  south-east  by  the  Delaware  river ; 
and  on  the  west  by  Stroud  township.  The  township 
forms  a  triangle,  widi  a  curved  base.  The  surface  is 
liilly ;  the  soil  gravel,  and  in  many  places  well  im- 
proved. It  is  abundantly  watered  by  the  Delawai'..- 
river,  Mill  creek,  Marshall's  creek,  Smithfield  creek 
and  Cherry  creek. 

This  township  is  remarkable  for  the  Delaware 
Water  Gap,  an  openmg,  supposed  by  nrany,  to  ha\^e 
been  forced  by  the  river,  through  the  Kittatinny  moun- 
tairj,  forming  one  of  the  most  picturesque  scenes  ir 

'  Mcnrae  DoM.oL'at,  JariUarv  9,  1841.         ■     . 


15S  HISrOUY    OF    MONROE    COUNTY. 

(he  state  of  Peimsylvania.     The  Gap  has  been  ck- 
sciibed  ill  a  {.aeccdiu*,'  part  of  this  volume.  \ 

ill  the  opening  uf  this  Gap,  on  terra  firma — on 
the  rock)-  bank  of  the  river  is  au  excellent  hotel,  kept, 
Ity  William  A.  liroadhead,  from  which  a  fine  view 
of  tlie  Water  Gap  may  be  had.     A  gentleman  wiio 
visited  the  Gap,  and  staid  at  Broadhead's  in   1814,      « 
says;     •'  During  our  stay  we  had  access  to  an  ln:han      | 
burial  ground,  a  iQ.\\'  miles  above  tlie  AVater  (ia}>,  the      j 
curiosities  of  which  amply  repaid  of  ilself  for  oui-  visit,       i 
The  spot  is  situated  upon  an  elevation,  beneath  ^v  nidi      | 
is  a  beauiilul  pi.dti,  called  by  the  Indian  name,  Palia-       j 
quara.     Here    are    deposited   the  mortal   remains  of      | 
those  wlio  are  alike  strong  in  attachment  and  i  jsent-       \ 
ment.     Who,   '  when  once  having  drew  the  ^word       j 
never  retarneJ  it  to  the  scabbard  until  it  was  crim-       j 
soned  in  the  blood  of  its  aggressor.'    '^liere  w»;  saw       | 
and  procured  many  interesting  relics.     Two  or  ihree       \ 
of  the  graves  had  Loen  excavated,  and  among  (hcse       j 
obtained  were  the  following  :  Two  guns,  one  on  eacli       \ 
side  of  the  hidiaii,  whose  bones  only  remain — scerui       ! 
hrass  plates,  widi   the  cruciiixiou  of   Christ  ou  une       | 
side,  and  his  ascention  on  the  other — a  large  quanliiy        j 
of  beads  kA  various  colors  and  sizes — a  brass  tobacco        | 
box — a  blanket,  and  a  quantuy  of  small  bells  attached.        j 
with  pipes,  &c.     These  articles  were  all  taken  fioni        | 
the  grave  Kii  one  Indian,  the  others  had  nothing  de-        j 
posited  with  them  save   their  blankets.      They  are        ^ 
now  nearly  all  in  possession  of  the  gentleman  who  ■      j 
showed  us  the  graves."  ; 

Dutotsburg,   near  the  river   Delaware  at  its  en-        \ 
trance    into  the  Water  Gap,  three   miles  south-casi        \ 
irom  Stroudsburg,  is  a  small  village,  consisting  oJ  ten        ] 
or  twelve  dwellings,  one  store  and  a  tavern.     This 
place  was  laid    out  bome  years  ago  by  M.  Anloine 
Dutot,  a  Fjcnchmau.     Mr.  Dutot  died  in  1842. 

This  village  v/as  cnce  a  merry  place,  especially  in 
ihe  spring,  when  tlie  himbermen  along  the  Delav/an; 
had  occasion  to  stay  "  a  night,  or  week" — regaling 
\Am  ;  but  suice  the  lumber  trade  has  decreased,  and 


inSTORr    VT    JIONROE    COUNTY.  159 

the  main  business  transacted  at  Stroiidsburg,  the 
Frenchman's  toY/n  has  declined — the  glory  of  Dutots- 
burg  has  vanished. 

,  Crtf/i,'-',9  MeaJoyj,  is  a  small  post  village,  containing 
four  d\vellings,  dio  lavern,  one  store,  and  a  BajJtisi 
meeting  honse.  -whijli  is  also  occupied  as  a  schotd 
house. 

Branchvillt,  vv.is  hiid  o-ut  rising  twenty  years  ago, 
by  Mr.  George  Zimmerman.  It  consists  of  several 
dwellings,  a  store,  a  grist  mill  and  clover  mill. 

There  are  in  tins  township  three  grist  mills,  and  six 
or  more  saw  mills.  Tlie  ])opulalion  in  1830,  was 
1,080;  in  1840,  1,114.  Real  and  personal  property 
for  taxation,  in  1844,  §174,329  00;  trades  and  occu- 
])ations,  $28,150  00;  money  on  interest,  S4,fi50  00. 

It  a})pears  from  liie  following  extract  from  a  letter 
written  by  Sanmel  Preston,  Wayne  comity,  (taken 
from  Ilaz.  Reg.,  Vol.  I.  p.  439,)  tliat  this  portion  of 
country  was  settled  at  an  early  date  : 
.,  In  1787,  the  writer  went  o-n  his  first  surv^eying 
lour  into  Nortiiami)ten  county,  lie  was  deputy  un- 
der- .luhn  Lukms,  Siir\H;yor  General,  and  received 
iVom  liim,  by  way  oi  instructions,  the  tbllowing  nara- 
tive,  respecting  the  settlement  of  Meenesink,  on  tlie 
Delaware,  above  the  Kittatinny,  or  Blue  mountains  : 
Tliat  the  settlement  was  Ibrmed  a  long  time  beibre  it 
was  known  tu  the  government  in  Philadelphia.  That 
when  government  w^as  inlbrmed  of  the  settlement, 
they  passed  a  law,  in  1729,  ttiat  any  such  purchases 
of  the  Indians  should  be  void,  and  the  purchasers  in- 
dicted lor  forcible  entry  and  detainer,  according  to 
the  laws  of  England.  That  in  1730  they  api)oinied 
an  agent  to  go  and  investigate  the  facts  ;  that  the 
agent  so  appoii;tcd  v.^as  the  famous  surveyor,  Nicolas 
Scull ;  that  he,  J.  Lukens,  was  then  N.  Scull's  a})- 
))rentice,  to  carry  cliain  and  learn  surveying;  that  he 
accompanied  N.  Scull.  As  they  both  understood  ami 
could  talk  Indian,  they  hired  Indian  guides,  and  had 
a  fatiguing  journey,  there  being  then  no- white  inlud)i- 
taj'.i    i.i  tlic  upper  part  of  Bucks  or   Northampton 


160              Ki;rroiiY  of  monroe  county.  -} 

counties.     Tlial  they  had  very  great  difficuUy  to  k  ad  j 

their   horses  through  the  Water   Gap  to  Meeiiesink  » 

flats,  which  u^ere  all  settled  with   Hollanders;  with  i 

several  they  could  only  he  understood  in  Indian      At  | 

the  venera.bl(;  Samuel  Depuis',  they  found  great  lies-  5 

pitality,  and   plenty  of  the  necessaries  of  lil'e.      J.  ^ 

Lukens  said  the  first  thing  that  struck  his  admiration  } 

was  a  grove  of  apple  trees,  of  size  far  beyond   any  S 

near  Philadelphia.     That  as  N,  Scull  and  himself  ex-  J 

amined  the  bDuks,  vhey  were  fully  of  opinion  that  all  j 

those  flats  had  at  some  very  former  age,  been  a  deep  • 

lake,  before  the  river  broke  through  the  mountain;  5 

and  that  the  best   interpretation   they  could    make  j 

o(  Mee7Uiink  was,  ^' the  ivaier  is  gone.^'     [Doubt-  I 

/"/•]  1 

That  S.  Depuis  told  them  that  when  the  rivers;  were  \ 

frozen  he  had  a  good  road  to  Esopus  from  the  Mine  j 

Holes,  on  the  Mine  Road,  some  hundred  miles  :  that  | 

he  took  his  wheat  and  cider  there,  for  salt  and  iieces-  | 

saries;  and  did  not  appear  to  have  any  knowledge  or  j 

idea  where  the  river  ran — Philadelphia  market — or  i 

being  in  the   g.iveinment   of  Pennsylvania.     Tl,ey  ) 

were  of  opinion  that  the  first  settlements  of  Hollund-  j 

ers,  in  Rleenesink,  were  many  years  older  than  Wib  i 

liam  Penn's  charter;  and  as  S.  Depuis  had  treated  1 

them  so  well,  liiey  concluded  to  make  a  survey  of  his  \ 

claim,  in  order  to  befriend  him,  if  necessary.     When  J 

they  began  to  survey,  the  Indians  gathered  round :  | 

an  old  Indian  laid  his  hand  on  N.  Scull's  sliouldej-,  > 

and  said,  ^^  Put  up  iron  string — go  home  l''^     Tliat  \ 

tiiey  quit,  and  returned.  ; 

I  had  it  in  cliarge  from  John  Lukens  to  learn  more  \ 

particulars  resitecting  the  Mine  Road  to  Esopus,  &ic.  ij 

I  found  Nicholas  Depuis,  Esq.,  (son  of  Samuel)  livinij  j 

in  a  spactous  stone  house,  in  great  plenty  and  alflu-  S 

ence.     The  old  Mine  Holes  were  a  few  miles  above,  ^ 

on  the  Jersey  side  of  the  river,  by  the  lower  ySwA  ©f  * 
Paaquarry  flat ;  that  the  Meenesink  settlemetit   ex- 
tended forty  miles  or  more,  on  ])oth  sides  of  the  river. 
Tlial  ho  had  well  known  the  Mine  Road  to  E,-op;is, 


HI6T0Uy    OP    MONROE    COUNTY.  IGl 

,  and  used,  beiore  ho  opened  the  boat-channel,  Ihroiigli 
Foul  Rifts,  to  drive  on  it  several  times  every  winter, 
with  loads  of  v.'heat  and  cider,  as  also  (hd  his  neigh- 

•bors,  to  purch>is(!  their  salt  and  necessaries  in  Esopus, 
having  tlien  \h:  eiher  suark'et,  or  knowledge  where 
the  river  ran  to.  That  after  a  navigable  channel  was 
■opened  through  Foul  Kit'ts,  they  generally  took  to 
boating:    most  i>\    the  settlement  turned  their  trad«' 

■  down  sireaui.  uhd  the  Jvline  Road  became  less  and 
less  travelled,  'i'hi-j  interview,  with  tlie  anhable 
Niciiolas  Depuis,  li'sj.,  was  in  the  month  of  .Imu'. 
1787.  lie  ihttii  appo.in  >i  to  be  perlia))s  about  sixty 
years  of  agt,'.  1  inteirogiJed  him  as  to  the  particulars 
of  what   lie   Icnew;  as  to  wluinjand  liy  whom    th;' 

•  Mine  Road  w.:-  nu.de;  what  was  the  ore  they  ihu; 
and  hauled  on  ii;  v,hul  was  the  date,  and  Iiuni 
whence  or  how  came  th*;  Jirst  settlers  of  Mcenesinl:, 
in  such  great  iMUuixa's  as  to  take  up  all  the  flats,  on 
both  sides  of  the  I'iv'i;;',  lee  fcnty  nhles.  He  could  only 
give  traditional  acco'unts  ot"  wliat  lie  had  heard  Iron 
older  peo[)le,  wilhcjiu  date,  in  substanc(3  as  fnllows: 
.  "'riiat  in  s>)uio  fii;iiu:r  ag(;  there  eanm  a  company 
«f  miners  iVom  iloliand — suppost.'d,  from  the  great 
labor  that  hail  l)evjn  expended  in  making  that  road, 
uboui  one  hundred  nhles  long,  that  they  W(;re  very 
rich,  or  great  |)et>[)le  in  working  the  two  nhnes;  one 
on  the  Delaware,  'vlierc  the  mountain  nearly  ap- 
proaches the  lower  point  of  Paaquarry  Hat;  the  other 
at  tiic  north  foot  of  tliesame  mountain,  near  half  way 
between  Delawarf;  and  l^sopns.  That  he  ever  ujider- 
stood  abundance  of  oie  had  been  hauled  on  that  road, 
but  nevt;r  coiild  b^nn  whether  it  was  lead  or  silver. 
That  the  lust  settlers  camelVom  Midland,  to  se(;k  a 
]5lace  of  quiet,  bring  jjcr.rrii/cif  thr  their  religion.  I 
i)eliev('  tluiy  w  rre  Aruiinians.  'I'hey  followed  thi- 
Mine  Road  to  if,'  large  jlats  on  the  Delaware.  That 
smooth  cleareil  bnul,  and  such  an  abundance  of  largo- 
iipp/'  trees,  SLUtet]  Their  views;  that  they  bo7ia  ^fiiL- 
bought  the  inijjrovenicnt-^  of  the  native  Indians,  most 
of  \v  horn  then  removed  to  Susquehanna.     That  with 


li)2  Hi^rcnci    of   monboe   county. 

such  as  i-eiruiiiK-d,  (hero  was  peace  and  friei)d^brp, 
until  tli(i  yanT  17  jTi." 

I  thou  Avoiii  iH  view  the  Paaqiiany  Mine  liolos 
There  ;ippeat'ed  to  liave  been  a  great  abimdaiioe  ot 
labor  done  tliv^^o,  at  some  jbrmer  time  ;  but  the  nsouih.-* 
of  thes'^  li(il('.-,  wcJi!  caved  lull,  and  overgrowji  wiih 
bushes.  I  oiMiiliMled  to  myself,  if  there  evoi-  Lad 
been  a  rich  niino  under  that  mountain,  it  mu^t  bt 
there  yi;),  in  .;luse  conhuement.  The  other  old  ni:n 
tjiat  [  converged  widi,  gave  tlieir  traditio,ns  sin. liar  to 
Nicholas  Dopuis;  and  they  all  apjieared  to  bo  the 
grandsfiiii  ol'  die  lii^t  sotllers,  and  generally,  very 
illiterate  as  Uj  dates,  or  any  thing  relating  to  ch  oiiO 
logy. 

lu  the  siUMiior  o!  17^9,  I  began  to  build  ju  aas 
place.  Thoii'  ..auKj  two  venerable  gentlemen  m  a 
surveying  e\pi;(lm(ih.  They  wej-e  the  late  (jouoral 
James  Clintun,  ilu'  I'allier  of  the  late  i)e  Witt  Clinton, 
and  ('liriblopiiir  Tappan,  l-'sq.,  the  clerk  and  rrcorder 
of  Ulster  couuly.  for  many  years  before,  tla  y  had 
both  been  surveyors  under  General  Clinton's  fadior, 
when  he  wa.v  Surveyor  Ceneral,  In  order  to  loam 
some  history,  iVom  gonilonien  of  their  general  luio^v- 
lodge,  1  aoooni|)ainod  them  m  the  woods.  They  i)ot)i 
well  knew  the  Mii;<;  llob.'s,  Mine  Uoads,  &c.  and  aa 
there  were  no  kind  oi  documents  or  records  thcroof. 
united  in  o|)inijii,  ihat  it  was  a  work  transacted  wink 
the  stale  of  N.w  York  belonged  to  the  governntoiit  ot 
New  Holland  ;  ilni  it  loll  to  the  English  in  the  yop.r 
16G4;  and  that  dio  ohange  of  government  siopiic-J 
the  mining  bii.iiio.ss:  that  the  road  must  have  boon 
made  many  yi.ais,  before  so  much  digging  coidd  \ut 
done;  that  it  uiu.sL  undoubtedly  have  been  ttio  fi,:i 
good  road,  of  thai  extent,  ever  made  in  the  iJniloil 
States.  From  ilic  b.'.st  evidence  that  1  have  boonaj'le 
to  oblam,  I  am  clc;  liy  of  opinion,  that  the  il/o(  ;k  y/ViA- 
was  the  oldest  I'^uropcoan  .settlement,  of  equal  oxtoni, 
jiver  ma'lo  in  the  loiiitory,  alterwards  namo<l  Pono 
sylvauia. 


Hisroiiv  or  moniioe  couktt.  163 

Upper  or  AJ'jldie  Smith^eld  t(nvnship,\a\ioxinde(i 
on  thu  north  by  Piko  county  ;  on  tho  east  by  the  De- 
laware river,  wf,ich  separates  this  township  from  the 
state  of  New  Jersey  ;  on  the  south  by  Lower  Smith- 
lield,  Stroud  aiia  l\»kono  township;  on  the  west  by 
Ooolbaugh.  Tl'3  surface  of  tliis  township  is  generally 
hilly,  and  some  of  it  broken ;  the  soil  is  principally 
a  gravelly  loam,  })r(  tty  heavily  timbered  with  pine, 
hemlock,  beech,  Tiiaplo  and  oak  ;  much  of  it  is  classed 
among  <*  unseated  lands."  In  1844,  rising  ten  thou- 
sand acres  oi'  unseated  lands  were  otfered  for  sale  by 
the  treasurer  of  iIk  county^  to  pay  the  arrears  of  taxes 
due  on  the  lands,  and  the  cost  of  sale.  Except  tho 
south  and  eastern  part  of  it,  is  sparsely  inhabited  and 
not  well  cultivaicd.  Althnngh  a  large  township,  it 
contained,  in  1830,  only  1,000  of  a  population;  and 
in  1840,  1,144,  two  grist  mills,  and  four  or  five  saw 
mills.  The  real  and  personal  property  assessed,  in 
1844,  amounted  to  J^IGJ, 159  GO.  It  is,  however,  im- 
proving, within  the  last  fev/  years,  and  will,  undoubt- 
edly, before  many  years,  bo  generally  settled. 

It  was  in  this  iown?Uip,  ami  adjoining  region,  the 
Indians  committed  many  depredations  during  1755  to 
1764.  It  is  noted  in  the  Provincial  Record,  as  will 
be  seen  from  the  following  extracts,  that  in  1755,  the 
Indians  overran  diis  part  oi'  the  county. 

''  Dec.  25th,  1755. — Accounts  from  Easton,  of  the 
whole  country  up  the  iiver,  (Delaware,)  being  desert- 
ed iVum  lirodhead's,  who,  with  his  sons,  and  others, 
delended  himself  stoutly,  till  the  Indians  retired." 

The  Ibllowing  conunuAication  from  Mr.  Hamilton 
to  Governor  Morris,  exhibits  the  state  of  the  country 
at  the  time  alluded  to  above.  Ilannlton  had  been  at 
ICaston,  on  a  rne«s;ige  from  the  Governor  of  the  pro- 
vince of  Peimsylvani.'i. 

Easiou,  Monday  roening,  Dec.  25,  1755. 

Dear  Sir : 

The  conunUsionc'ts  came  to  this  town  on  Saturday 
evenii];,  where  v/e  found  the  cow]ty  imder  the  great- 


164                    IIISTOIiV    OF    MONROE    COUNTY.  p} 

est  coriKternaiioa,  aiid  every  thing  that  has  been  si.id  .  ^ 

of  the  (^ijtrcKS  ot'  tlie  inhabitants,  more  than  veviiied  ]  | 

upon  our  own  viev/.     I'he  country,  along  the  iiv-.r^  \  .| 

is  absolacfth/  doserttd  I'rom  this  place  to  Broadluvid's ;  i  I 

nor  can  th^rq  be  the  least  communication  betw.cr!  n--  ;  ) 
and  them  hut  by  large  parties  of  armed  men,  every 
body  being  afraid  to  venture  without  that  security.  s<' 

that  wc  liavc  liad  no  accounts  from  thence  for  sev''r:J  ^  ^ 
days, 

IJroadlioad  was  stoutly  defended  by  his  son; .  ^.n't 
otliers,  lilj  ti!C  Indians  thought  fit  to  rtitire,  wiifu.ui 
being  iible  \o  tiiko  it  or  set  it  on  fire,  though  lii 'y  Ki  ■ 

qnently  attempted  it.     Tt  is  thought  several  of  dwr  i 

were  killed  in  tlie  aitaf;ks  ;  butthatisnot  known  u-iih  *■ 

certainty.  i\ 

We  li;i ve  (i',re,  upwards  of  one  liundied  n.L'n,  (< 

ing  the  companies  of  C!apt.  Aston,  Caj)t.  Trump  ,)th\  U 

Capt.   M'Cilarighlin,  and  are    impatiently    ex[»P(:titii.'  v^ 

more  from  Ixiiow,  for  the  pcojde  liere  are  not.  vor\  ^^■ 

numerous,  and  are,  besides,  very  backward  in  t.itpr  |^ 

ing  into  servics;.  Tiiough  the  encouragement  is  vroa'.  ^ 

and  ono  would  tlmdc  they  woulil  gladly  embn.'N;  tlio  S 

opportmnty  of  rev(^nging  themselves  on  the  a'lt[l^,l|^  ^ 

of  their  ruin  ;  but  the  terror  that  has  seized   fhciVi  i"  | 

so  great,  or  thrjir  spirits  so  small,  that  unless  men  <'oni  | 

from  other  ])arls  of  the  province,  1  despair  of  gettini.-  | 

such  a  muiiber  here  as  will  be  su/iicient  to  garrisun  f 

the  l)lock-hous':  we  propose  to  build  over  th(;  ITill-.  | 

whither  we  intended  to  have  gone  to-morrow,  bat  ih:;  f 

our  provision  wagons  are  not  come  up,  and  tna't.  v,  | 

I  have  not  men  eifongh  for  the  above  mentione  i  pLi  | 

poses.  ^ 

.   .1  understand  that  Aaron  Dupui  is  .still  at  1lO!i;(  ,  | 

and  tlhU  it  is  very  unhkcly  that  he  will  be  able  to  j 

leave  in  ;  house  in  this  time  of  distress  to  carry  yc'..:  |: 

message  lo  Wyofning,  so  that  I  believe  the  expect  .■  | 

tions  oi"  (he  treaty  will  fall  to  the  ground;  uor  (l:y<  i 

any  body,  eitlicr  here  or  there,  believe  we  aavj  .i  | 

smgle  Indian  tha.t  may  be  called  a  friend ;  iior  do  i  I 
s<Ki  a  possibility  ol  getting  that  message  convT/^'d  if 


I 


HIS'lOJvV    01' 


MGXUOE    COUNTyi.  IQS 

tliem  iVoiu  hence,  even  sup])osing  they  were  friends- 
«^very  body  is  aiVaid  of  stirring  a  step,  withont  a 
strong  guard. 

J  h.iartily  wish  you  Avere  at  liberty  to  declare  war 
against  them  and  ofler  large  reward  for  scalps,  which 
apj.ears  tijc  only  way  io  clear  our  frontieiy  of  tho^e 
savages,  and  will,  I  am  persuaded,  be  infinitely  cheap- 
est in  tiie  end.  For  I  clearly  foresee  the  oxi)(?nse  of 
delendmg  oursr.'lves  m  the  way  we  are  in,  will  ruin 
the  province,  and  be  far  from  ellectual  at  last,  princi- 
pally lor  want  of  a  good  jnilitia  law,  by  which  the 
men  mi-ht  be  subjected  to  discipline  ;  for  at  present 
.  diey  enter  themselves  and  then  leave  their  Captains 
at  their  own  humor,  Avithout  a  person  in  the  ollicers 
to  pumsh  them  iortfuit  or  any  other  misbehavior. 

I  have  commissioned  several  captains  liere,  who 
engage  to  raise  men,  but  i)rincipally  two,  who  have 
undertaken  to  range  the  country  between  the  two 
branches  of  this  river ;  for  the  security  of  the  two 
Irish  settlements,  in  hopes  that  those  wlio  have  de- 
sierted  by  the  whole  of  those  on  the  main  branch  may 
be  induced  to  reimn  to  (heir  plantations,  which  alter 
all  1  very  much  question,  so  very  great  are  their  ap- 
prehensions of  the  Indians. 

I  cannot  say  fur  certain  when  we  shall  leave  this 
place,  that  depending  on  the  coming  of  the  provi- 
sions, and  our  getting  a  sullicient  number  of  men 
Many  ot  those  already  here,  not  being  able  to  march 
Un  want  of  shoes,  which  has  obliged  us  to  send  down 
lor  a  supply  to  Philadelphia. 

I  have  but  a  moment  to  write,  the  express  being 
ready  to  depart.     I  shall  from  time  to  time  keep  you 
lulunned  ol  any  thing  that  may  be  worth  your  notice, 
but  at  present  ihHhhig  of  that  kind  olfers. 
I  am  with  great  respect. 

Sir,  your  obedient  servant, 

JAMES  HAMILTON. 


166  KisvoiAir  or  monroe  county. 

In  1757,  the  Indians  again  attempted  incursior. 

into  thi.j  pari  of  tlie  country,  as  will  appear  from  the  1 

following :  jj 

It   ai'.pears  the   Indians  were  doing  miscliiei"  in  | 

Northampton  county,  as  appears  from  the  following  I 

letters,  from  Maj.  Parsons  to  Governor  Denny,  Apvil  ! 
24,1757: 

Deposition  of  Michael  Roup.  ) 

"The.  24ih  day  of  April,  1757, appeared  before,  me,  \ 

William  Parsons,  Ksq.,  «SiC.,  Michael  Roup,  of  Lower  ^ 

Smithtield^.  Northampton  county,  aged  lilty  two  year^i;  i 

a  person  to  mo  well  known,  and  worthy  of  credit,  and  | 

being  duly  sworn,  did  depose  and  decUre  :  ""fhaihis  I 

neighbor,  Piiilip   l^ozart,  being   at    Fort  Noiris  hist  j 

Saturday  woei:,  heard  a  letter  read    there  whu  h  v/as  { 

despatched  l>y  Major  Parsons,  to  acquaint  tho  gaui-  j 

son  that  he  had  received  information  that  somi  cne-  ' 

my  Indians  mtended  shortly  to  come  and  attacl:  the,  ? 

inhabitants  at  and   about   Minisinks,  and    to  dt  .=iiic  1 

them  to  be  upon  their  guard,  which  was  soon  made  ^ 

known  to  all  tiie  neighboring  inhabitants.     j\\id  this  \ 

deponent  further  sailh,  that  on   Friday  morning  iasi,  j 

John  Le  Fever,  passing  by  the  liouses  of  Philip  l]i-'z:rc\  | 

and  others,  deponent  informed  them  that  the  iiuliaus  j 

'  had  murdered  Casper  Cundryman  last  Monday  crew-  i 

ing  ;  ^vdlereupon  this  deponent  went  immcdiaieiy  to  ■• 

the  house  of  Philip  liozart,  to  consult  what  was  best  I 

to   be  done  ;   their  iiouses  being  about  half  a    mib  \ 

apart.     That  vhey  concluded  at  last  ibr  the  neii;ldioi-s  | 

to  collect  themselves  together,  as  many  as  they  could,  » 

in  some  one  house.     And  this  deponent  furthfrsuith,  | 

that  he  immediately  returned   home  and   loadfd  his  | 

wagon  as  fast  as  he  could,  with  his  most  valuable  e{-  : 

fects,  which   ha  carried  to   Bozart's  house;  that  a<i  > 
soon  as  hs  had  unloiultid  his  wagon,  he  drove  to  hh 
son-in-law -'s,  Peter  Soan's  house,  about  two  mucn, 
and  loaded  as  inuch  of  his   etfects  as  the  time  and 
hurry  v/ould  admit,  and  took  them  also  to  Uozuri'' 
where  nine  families  were  retired;  that  a  great  num- 


HISTOBY    OF    MONROi;    COUNTY,  167 

ber  of  tlie  inhabitants  were  also  retired  to  the  houses 
ol'  Conrad  Bittenbonder  and  John  M 'Dowel  ;  that 
liozart's  house  is  seven  miles  Ironi  Fort  Ihiniilton, 
and  twelve  from  Fort  Norris.  And  this  deponent 
further  saith,  that  yesterday  morning,  about  nine 
o'clock,  the  said  Peter  Soan  and  Christian  Klein,  with 
his  daughter,  about  ttiirtecn  years  of  age,  went  from 
Bozart's  house,  to  the  Jiouse  of  the  said  Klein,  and 
thence  to  Scan's  houso,  lolook  after  the  cattle,  and  to 
bring  olf  more  eirnns.  And  this  deponent  fnriher 
saith,  that  about  half  an  hour  alter  the  al)ove  three 
persx)ns  were  gone  ironi  iJozart's  house,  a  certain 
George  Uartlieb,  who  also  lied  with  his  lamily  to 
liozarl's,  and  who  had  been  at  his  own  house,  about 
■a  mile  irom  Soan's,  to  look  after  his  creatures,  and 
bring  away  what  he  could,  returned  to  Jiozart  and 
reported  that  he  had  beard  three  guns  fired  very 
•quick  one  after  anotber,  towards  Soan's  place,  which 
made  them  all  concUab'  the  above  three  persons  were 
all  killed  by  tlKJ  Indians.  And  this  deponent  jurther 
«aith,  that  their  little  cimipany  were  ^alVaid  to  venture 
to  go  and  see  what  had  liappened  tbal  tbiy,  as  they 
had  many  women  and  cbildren  ta  care  for,  who,  if 
they  had  been  left,  miglit  have  fallen  an  easy  prey  to 
the  enemy.  And  this  deponent  further  saith,  that 
this  morning  nine  men  of  llieir  neighborhood  armed 
tliemselves  as  well  as  they  could,  and  went  towards 
Peter  Soan's  place  in  order  to  discover  what  was  be- 
come of  the  above  throe  ])ersons  ;  that  when  they 
came  within  about  three  hundred  yards  of  tbe  house, 
they  found  the  bodies  of  the  said  Soan  and  Klein,  lying 
about  twenty  feet  Irom  «  a'ch  other,  killed  and  scalped  ; 
but  dill  not  iind  Klein's  daughter.  Soan  was  killed 
by  a  bullet  which  enUxod  tbe  upper  part  of  his  back, 
and  came  out  at  his  breast.  Klein  was  killed  with 
their  tomahav.'^ki;. 

The  nine  men  ncv/  inmiL-iiuitely  returned  to  Bozart's 
and  reported  as  above.  Tb.at  this  dei)onent  was  not 
one  of  the  nine,  but  that  he  ;emained  at  J^ozart's  with 
the  H\t  uen  at)d  children:  that  the  rest  of  the  peo})lu 


itj'S  iaSTOHY    OF    MONUOE    COUNTV. 

desired  this  depoiieiu  ro  come  to  Easton,andacqii.vnH 
tlie  justice  with  v/liat  had  liappened  ;  that  the  Tiini- 
Juen  did  not  think  it  sate  to  stay  to  huiy  the  dea.i,  kr 
MICHAEL  KOIII', 

Swrorn  at  Easton,  before  Wilhaia  Parsons. 

••   .  [Prou.Rcc.yp.  2\[i:\ 

Letter  iiuMi  .Major  Parsons  to  Governor  Deiu'- 
June  ;;!'J^  1757,  v/ith  deposition  of  Ceo^ge  Ehert  :  '^  ' 

The  depusiii,,].  of  (leorgc  Ehert,  taken  before  Wa- 
ham  Parsons,  Y^ni 

On  the  20th  of  June,  1757,  personally   appc.rnl 
n^ifore  nio,  AVilhain  ]^arsons,  justice  of  tlie  iM-aco  ;,» 
iNortlian.pion    county,  George  Ebcrt,  (son  of   J',, In 
Ebcrt,)  lah;  of  i>lainlicia   township,  in  said  counts"'' 
yeojiian,  but  nov/  o(   Easton,  in    the  same    roi-ntv' 
ageci   sixteen    years,   and    being-    duly    sworn     ^,' 
&c.,  deposeth  and    deelareth,  lliat  on  or  ab^jut    vj 
second   day   of  May    lust,   lie,  this  deponent,  m.h' 
about  eighteen  aimed  in«n,  went  with  two  wa- )■ 
Horn  Plamiield   iownslnp,  to  assist   the    inhabit-nii s 
ot    Lower   Smiili field,    who   hivd    a    few    days    b-- 
lore  been  attack,  d  by  the  enemy  Indians,  and  soni, 
ot    the  nei-hborliotAl  murdered   by  the    sava<>e^    U^ 
hrmg  oifsoiue  ef  their  best  etfeets;  that  about''  i  oon 
01   the  same  day,  they  came  to   the  house  of  Co'  IctI 
-Hittenbender,  to  which  divevs  of  the  neighbors  j.ad 
lied— here  one  of  the  wagons,  with   about  ten  men 
with  this  deponent-,  halted  to  load  their  wagon  v-»h 
the  poor  people's  effects;  and  the  rest  of  the  compi, - 
ny,  wiUi  the  other  wagon,  went  forward  about  a  mil, 
to  the  house  of  Philip  Pozart,  to  which  place  oI'mts 
of    the  ne.glibrus  h,'.d  also  lied,  with  such    of  ili.-u 
ortects    as    Uicy    could,    in    their    conjusion,    .a.rv 
len;  that  tins  deponent  and  Conrad  Pittenb.  ndcr 
leter    Sliaeifer,    Johi,    Nolf,   Jacob    Roth,    Mi,  lu,oi 
is^iersler,  a  certain  Keins,  and  one  man  more,  v  i^cs^ 
lu'ime  this  deponent  has  forgotten,  went  aboiu  f.'.: 


'f 


J 


niSTOKY    OF    MONROE    COUNTY,  lb!< 

miles  into  the  woodsj  to  seek  the  neighbors'  horsei^ 
whcreot'they  foand  six,  and  were  returning  with  them 
to  within  half  a  mile  of  Bittenbender's  house,  when 
they  were  atiacked  by  fifteen  French  Indians,  who 
fired  upon  tliem,  and  killed  Bittenbender,  Jacob  Roth 
and  John  Nolf,  as  ]ie  behcves,  for  that  lie  saw  thent 
fall,  one  dead,  and  took  Peter  Shaetfer,  who  receivetl 
two  flesh  sliots,  one  in  his  arm  and  the  other  in  the 
shoulder,  and  thi,':  deponent,  prisoner;  this  deponent 
received  a  shot. 

And  this  depoiient  farther  saith,  tliat  the  Indian.* 
frequently  talked  French  together;  that  they  set  od' 
immediately  with  tlieir  j^risoners  ;  that  on  the  evening 
of  the  next  day,  they  fell  in  with  another  com])any  of 
about  twenty-four  Indians,  wh(i  had  Abraham  Miilerj 
with  his  mother,  and  Adam  Snell's  daughter,  prison- 
ers. The  Indians,  with  their  prisoners,  marched  in 
parties  as  far  as  Diahoga ;  that  at  this  ])lace  the  In- 
dians separated,  and  about  eight,  the  foremost,  took 
this  deponent  and  Abraham  Miller,  with  them,  and 
ihey  never  .saw  any  of  the  other  ])risoners  alter- 
wards;  that  on  tluir  way  on  this  side  of  Dialujg;),, 
they  saw  Klein's  daughter,  who  had  been  taken  pri^1- 
oner  about  a  week  before  this  deponent  was  taken  : 
that  a  day's  journey  beyond  Dialioga,  they  come  to 
some  French  Indian  cabins,  where  they  saw  anothei 
prisoner,  a  girl  about  eighteen  or  nineteen  years  old. 
who  told  this  deponent  that  her  name  was  Katharine 
Yeager ;  that  her  father  was  a  locksmith,  and  lived 
at  Allemengle,  and  that  she  liad  been  i)risoner  ever 
since  Christmas ;  that  at  this  place  the  Indians  loosed 
the  prisoners,  this  deponent  and  Abraham  Miller, 
whom  they  had  bound  every  night  belbre  ;  that  find- 
ing themselves  at  lilierty,  they,  tliis  dej)onent  anrl 
Abraham  Miller,  made  llieir  escape  in  the  night,  and 
the  next  day  afternoon  they  came  to  French  Afarg,'.- 
rett's,  at  Diahoga,  having  Ijeeii  prisoners  nine  days; 
that  they  stayed  about  four  weeks  with  her,  during 
all  which  t'mo  she  concealed  them  and  supporied 
tl'.i  e.i. ;  that  some  French  Indians  came  in  search  of 


170  lUilTOlW    0)P    MONROE    COUNTY.  1 

the  prisoners,  wlicreupon  Margaret  told  tliem  it  v.'as  | 

not  safe  for  Ih^nn  to  stay  any  longer,  and  advised  tiicm  j 

to  make  the   best  of  their  way  homewards ;  that  all  1 

the  Indians  at,  and  on  this  side  of  Diahoga,  were  vory  i 

Ivind  to  thcin,  and  helped  and  directed  them  on  tiieir  j 

way,     John  Cook  was  particularly  helpful  to  them;  | 

that  while  ihcy  were  at  J)iahoga,  they  were  informed  • 

that  the  Indians  had  killed  Abraham  Miller's  nuitlier,  | 

who   was  not    able    to    travel   fnither,   and    Snell's  j 

danghtcr,  who  had  received  a  wound  in  her  leg  by  | 

a  fall,  wl'cit  they  lirst  took  her  prisoner;  but    they  | 

heard  noil, ii.g  ot  i^'ler  Sheafter;  lliat  in   three  days  j 

they  arrived  at  Wyoming  by  water,  as  Margarei  had  i 

advised  ihcm  ;  ilial  at  Wyoming  the  Indians  directed  ♦ 

them  the  way  to  f-'urt  Allen,  bnt  they  missed  ihoir  l 

way,  and  came  die  road  to  Fort  Hamilton,  where  j 

they  arrived  lasi  Saturday  a  week.  { 

And  tliis  deponent  further  saith,  that  the  fri(^iuliy  s 

Indians  told  them  that  the  enemy  had   killed   Mar-  « 

shall's  wile,  at  the  First  moui-Uain.     And  further  this  ] 

doj)onent  saith  not.  j 

GEORGE  EBERT,  \ 

Sworn  at  Ea^ion,  before  W.  Parsons.  | 

This  d(-']>onent  saith,  that  they  nnderstood  by  die  I 

French  Indians,  that  they  had  three  days  farther  to  | 
go,  from  die  place  whence  they  escaped.  ' 

Letter  whh  ilic  al)Ove  deposition  was  also  read  | 
from  Major  Farsuns.  on  the  2(Jth  June,  1757,  givin?  > 
an  account  that  a  large  body  of  Indians  had  attacked  i 
and  burned  Broadhead's  honse,  whicli  is  about  a  mile  i 
from,  and  in  sight  of.  Fort  Hamilton,  and  that  th-y  • 
liad  killed  and  scalped  one  Tidd,  besides  killing  a  \ 
^Tcat  mnnber  of  creatures. — Prov.  lice,  p.   '329-'J[,         \ 


HISTOUT    OP    MONUOE    COUNTF.  171 

Letter  from  Conrad  Weiser  to  William  Parsons. 

Reading,  April  21th,  1757. 
Gentlemen: 

I  am  from  good  aiUhoriiy  informed,  that  tlie  ene- 
my Indians  iuive  attackeil  the  frontiers  in  Northamp- 
ton county,  and  that  intelhi^ence  has  heen  given  to  an 
oilicer  of  credit  i:y  a  iriend  Indian,  that  a  considerable 
body  of  French  \w\  their  Indians  design  again  to 
invade  the  proviiKic,  r.nd  a  number  are  on  their  way 
to  fall  afresh  ou  t!u'  Minnisinks, or  posts  adjacent. 

The  particular  view  of  the  Ohio  Indians  at  this 
time,  as  it  is  reasonafiy  supposed,  is  to  obstruct  thu 
Susquehanna  Indians  mtlieir  treaty  with  the  ICnglish, 
and  to  prevent  therdvy  a  well  establisjied  ])eace  be- 
tween tlienr.  How  the  forces  within  the  battalion  I 
have  the  honor  to  command,  may  be  disposed  oC  upon 
the  expecttul  incursion  of  the  savages  ami  the  French, 
who  ])ronipt  thinii  wilh  a  cruelly  tupial  to  that  of  the 
barbarians,  I  cannot  -ay,  hut  you  uiay  dejiend  upon 
it,  that  I  siiall  cndeavitr  tit  serve  tlie  couiUry  by  do- 
ing all  in  my  power  i)  succor  every  distressed  part,  as 
soon  as  })ossible. 

But,  gentlemen, you  must  know  tlialthe  number  of 
forts  which  are  on  the  east  side  ol'  the  Susquehanna, 
will  require  a  very  l;)rge  part  of  the  lirst  Ijattalion  to 
garrison  them,  and  to  allow  of  scouting  ])arties,  to 
watch  the  motion  of  the  barl)arians.  It  will  theretore 
be  necessary,  that  tlie  inhai)itants  should  do  all  in 
their  power  to  defend  themselves  and  neighbors 
against  an  enemy,  whom  we  know  by  experience  to 
strike  terror  wlierever  they  commit  their  ravages. 

I  reconnnend  it  to  you,  to  persuade;  your  neighbors 
to  associate  themselves  innncdiately  into  companies 
under  discreet  oificcrs  of  their  own  choice,  that  we 
may  be  able  to  preserve  urn-  own,  and  the  lives  of 
our  tend(;r  v/ives  and  children.  Great  nnist  be  the 
advantage  \v<i  shall  give  the  enemy,  if  we  are  mipre- 
p<'ir.,.l   upon  tlieir    sudden    invasion.      It   needs  nci 


172  CiiiiJlvi;     OF    MONKOE    COCNTY. 

much  rellcctiutij  upon  what  happened  about  sixteen 
iiioiilhs  ago,  to  bring  to  our  minds  the  amazement  and 
confusion  witli  v/hicli  the  spirits  of  our  people  M^ere 
affected  upon  a  sudden  incursion  of  Indians,  of  whose 
number  wo  were  never  well  inlbrmed.  It  would  up ■ 
pear  as  if  I  liud  an  ill  opinion  of  the  dispositions 
of  my  countrymen,  to  susggest  any  special  motives 
upon  this  occasion. 

I  only  pray  that  divine  providence  may  direct  you 
to  propose  measures,  and  then  you  cannot  fail  of  suc- 
cess in  an  endeavor  to  serve  yourcouiUry — inutiicli 
service  you  may  d'jpend  on  my  promise,  that  you  will 
be  ever  joiiicd. 

Gentlemen, 

Your  most  humble  servant, 
•  .'^  CONRAD  WEISEK. 

•  • '  •  Lieut.  Culontl 

Price  township  is  one  of  the  north-eastern  tc  v/n- 
ships  of  Monroe  county,  and  is  bounded  on  the  north 
and  east  by  Pike  county;  on  the  south  by  Middlt- 
Smithlield  lownsinp;  on  the  west  by  Coolbangh. 
The  greater  part  ol  this  township  is  hilly  and  broken, 
and  a  dense  fore.-:,!,  with  a  si)arse  population,  not  e:c- 
ceeding  four  hundred.  It  is  emphatically  a  lumber 
township;  there  are  ten  or  fifteen  saw  mills,  and  one. 
grist  mill  in  it.  Agriculture  has  received  but  little 
attention;  ihough  parts  of  it,  if  properly  cultivated, 
would  yield  a  sutliciency  to  repay  the  husbandnian 
for  his  labor.  JNlueh  of  the  land  is  classed  among 
unseated  lands.  J:]jghteen  thousand  acres  of  this  khid 
of  land,  in  this  township,  were  ollered  for  sale  by  the 
county  treasurer,  in  18-11,  to  pay  tlie  arrears  of  taxes- 
due  thereon,  and  die  costs  of  sucli  sale. 

The  real  and  (jcrsonal  estate,  exclusive  of  unseated 
lands,  assessed  in  iSl-1,  amounted  to  ^25,523  25; 
trades  and  occupat'ons,  ^511,700  00. 

Coolbaush  township,  a  northern  townshiiJ,  ^^ 
bounded  on  the  north-west  by  Luzerne  comity;  L^n 


HISTORY    OF    MONROE    COUNTY.  173 

the  north  by  "vVayne  and  Pike  counties;  on  the  easi 
by  Price  and  Middle  Smithfield  townships;  and  on 
the  soutli  by  Tobyhaniia  township.  The  siirtacc; 
of  this  townslsip  is  liilly,  and  much  of  it  rocky. 
Through  tlvis  region  there  are  several  lakes  or 
ponds;  the  T-jbyhiinnu  creek  and  several  of  its 
branches,  ris(^  here  in  the  rnidst  of  a  wilderness : 
it  runs  wcst^vard,  :u"id  falls  into  tlie  Lehigh,  be- 
low Stoddaiisv^iUe.  Tiie  streams,  through  here, 
are  generally  rapid,  and  do  afford  an  incalculable 
amount  of  v/atcr  power  for  useful  purposes,  some  i.i 
which  is  empl'iyf.d  by  saw  mills  and  grist  mills.  l>y 
far  the  great(n-  part  of  this  township  is  thinly  inhabii- 
ed.  In  1840,  there  were  only  one  hundred  and  fifty- 
nine  inhabitanis  in  the  township.  Much,  or  the  greater 
portion,  is  unseated  land.  In  18-14,  about  twenty- 
three  thousand  acres  of  land,  in  this  townslii}),  was 
otTered  for  sale  Ijy  the  treasurer  of  the  county,  to  pay 
the  arrears  of  taxes  due  thereon,  and  to  defray  ihf 
expenses  of  sales. 

This  to\vnshi|),  i'.ad  region  of  country,  generalK  , 
present  altraclions  lo  the  sportsman;  deer  and  bear.-* 
are  common,  and  all  the  streams  abound  with  trout  ; 
the  hnny  race  is  abundant. 

Nagleville  is  a  post  village,  laid  out  about  twenty 
years  ago,  by  George  Nagle ;  it  is  on  tlie  Drinkci 
turnpike  road,  consisting  of  six  or  seven  dwellings, 
one  store,  a  tavern,  and  two  saw  mills. 

Spruce  Grove,  a  post  village,  laid  out  by  Jasp(  i 
Vliet,  some  iilteen  or  twenty  years  ago,  contains  eight 
dwelhngs,  a  tavern,  and  a  blacksrhitli  shop. 

Saxville,  a  post  village,  laid  out  at  least  thirty  yean< 
ago,  by  George  Sax,  consisting  of  ten  dwellings  and 
one  tavern.  Tins  place  is  well  known  as  the  ShcuL:! 
of  Death. 

T'obj/kanna  township,  a  north-western  townsinf.', 
is  bounded  on  tiie  north-west  hy  Luzerne  comity  ; 
ufi  1  on  the  north-enst  by  Coolhaugh  township  ;  c  i 


174  m^i'DHV    OK    MONBOE    COUNTF. 

the  souih  by  roia;no  ;  and  on  the  west  by  C;l.  l,;;n 
county.  Tiic  .jurlace  of  this  township  is  hilly  ;  the 
soil  gra  vol,  anJ  rather  barren.  It  is  watered  by  the  j 
Tobyhanna  crock,  and  several  smaller  streams.  The  i 
country,  here,  i.s  a  euinj)arative  desert,  and  very  ihinly  | 
inhabited.  Mach  of  the  land  is  unseated.  In  IS-M,  ! 
more  than  thirty  tlionsiuid  aereswere  oliered  for  sole 
by  the  treasurer  oJ'  the  county,  to  pay  the  arrears  of 
taxes  there  DH. 

This  tov/n-jliip,it  is  said,  contains  nearly  thirty  i^uw       I 
mills.     It  is  a  great  township  lor  tind^er.     IK'r.i  are 
the  Shade:-;  of  ikvah,  or  the   Gnat  Swamp,  C'-vcrcd 
with  dense  forests  of  jnne,  and,  until  lately,  littlj  in- 
habited;   but  since   the   improvement   from   AT;  uch       i 
Chimk  to  Stoddart.jvillo  has  been  completed,  settle-       ' 
ments  have  been  nuide,  and  suw  mills  erected.     It  is       \ 
well  tind.<ered;  besides  the   pine,  there  is  an  abnn-        | 
.dance  of  henxlock,  double  spruce,oak,  chestnut  aiid 
wild   cherry.     The  turni)ike,   from   Philudeli)h!:L   lo        | 
Wilkesbarre,  passes  throUii;h  liere.  i 

The  i)opLitation  of  1830,  was  279  •»  in  1840,  6';5j  j 
at  present,  18  15,  it  may  exceed  900.  The  assessment^-  | 
of  real  and  personal  property,  exclusive  of  unsi'uted  \ 
lands,  amounted  to  .:?5l;!,(J50;  trades  and  occupations.  j 
g950  00.  , 

In  the  year  1779,  Ceneral  Sullivan,  with  an  army  j 
ol  two  thousand  fivu  hundred  men,  on  his  way  to  drive  I 
the  lirili-sli  and  Indians  irom  Wyoming,  p-.is.sed  ! 
through  here,  in  August,  the  20th,  he  encamped  all  j 
night  at  what  was  then  known  as  Chouder  (;amp. 
On  his  return  hom  Wyoming  to  Easton,  he  again  \ 
encamped  her(;.  In  his  journal,  it  is  recorded  that  j 
on  the  lOlh  of  October,  1779,  the  army  began  iheir  ' 
march  from  Wyomiiig  to  Easton,  but  on  account  of  1 
the  badiit;  ,s  of  ihc  riiud,  they  were  obliged  to  en.am})  ' 
four  miKs  frouj\Vy(jming.  5 

October  1  lih — Continued  our  march  to  the  clgc  of  j 
the  OreaL  Swamp,  and  encamped.  ^ 

October  12th — Continued  the  march  throui^t.  ;1:l^  I 
Oreat  Swr'nip,  tt'o  road  being  bad.    The  ]nick  hiji^^eb;         ' 


HisroaY  OP  aLoNROE  GouNTr.  175 

took  a  wrong  ro:id,  and  the  troops  were  obliged  to 
■  lie  without  their  tents,  or  covering,  during   a  very- 
stormy  night.     Encamped  at  Chouder  Camp, 

October  13tli— Marche(i  to  Bruiker's  nnll,  whero 
the  Pack  horses  cunio  up/ 

Pokono  tow'/u'h'p  is  bounded  on  the  north-west  and 
riorth-cast  by  ToI)ylKxnha  township  and  Middle 
Smithfield;  souiii  cast  and  south  by  Stroud,  Hamil- 
ton and  ChestnathiU  township  ;  on  the  west  by  Carbon 
county.  Tlie  surface  ol'  this  township  is  mountainous; 
the  soil,  gr.ivel,  and  nuuually  barren.  It  has  its  name 
from  the  Pokono  mountain,  which  extends  across  it. 
The  Pokono  is  the  second  range  of  mountains  run- 
ning parallel  widi  the  Kittatining,  and  is  distant  from 
it  from  seven  to  ten  mdes.  It  is  very  much  broken, 
and  irregular,  more  so  than  the  Plue  moniuain  or 
Kittatining.  This  mountain  bears  several  local  names. 
In  this  township  ii  is  called  Pokono',  near  the  Lehigh 
river,  Pokopoko  or  Pocko-Pocklo;  west  of  the  Lehigh, 
for  several  miles,  Mahonuig  and  Pokono  townshij) 
is  drained  by  the  wesi  branch  of  Ihodliead's  creek, 
and  by  Sullivan's,  Pokono  and  JVI 'Michael's  creeks. 
Sullivan's  creek,  which  rises  in  Tobyhanna  township, 
and  llowing  an  eastern  and  southern  course,  falls  into 
Smithlleld  creek,  was  named  after  General  Sullivan, 
who  marched  ihrougii  this  regionof  country,  with  an 
army  uf  2,500  men,  to  Wyoming,  in  1774. 

Much  of  the  land,  in  this  township,  is  classed  among 
unseated  lands.  In  1S44,  tlie  treasurer  of  the  county 
otlered  to  sell  about  twelve  thousand  acres,  to  pay  the 
arrears  of  taxes  due  thereon.  The  population  of  this 
township  was,  in  1830,  564;  m  KS40,  973;  there  were 
in  it,  two  grist  mills  an<l  twelve  saw  mills.  The 
valuation  of  real  aiui  pcfi-jiial  property,  in  1844,  was 
S70,ltiG. 

Bartojisiill,  a  post  village,  was  laid  out  by  JosepL 

*  Ha.'.  Wcj.  ■i.w.  lii. 


no  JJiSTOIlY    OF    MONROE    COUNTT. 

Barton,  tv/elyc  or  iifteen  years  ago;  it  consists  ofpiphl 
cr  nine  d^velllngs,  one  store,  a  tavern,  a  grist  nnli  up 
extensi.^e  tannery,  a  blacksmith  shop,  and  a  coopw' 

Tann^rsv;//e,  a  post  village,  laid  out  by  Josepi. 
Mmgor  e.glucen  or  twenty  years  ago.  It  consi  i. 
o  about  twenty  houses,  two  stores,  one  tavern,  . 
blacksnmii  .hop,  a  tannery,  a  school  house,  a  /,vitb- 
ran  and  (rernian  llelornied  cliurch.  'i'his  i>l-ice  '■• 
rcrnarlc,-,),],:  l[,r  th,.nnn-der  of  the  Larners,  by  ri„-  1,;: 
dians,  r.l,.,.UL  iJ.e  )  .ur  17<S0.*  The  iacts  tourbin-'tbi- 
murder,  iwe,.  in  ;i  i,,w  words,  as  follows : 

Some  time  in  tbe  month  of  June,  1780^0  tbr  I  •  ■ 
ners  were  surprised  by  several  Indians,  who  .shut^du. 
(atlier  andn.Mber  of  tiie  family;  the  sons  made  tiu-i. 
escapep)ne  ot  tbein  was  hotly  pursued  by  uu  hi- 
Chan ;  he,  however  succeeded  to  get  mto  a  siandin^ 

Wdtehi  ig  tbe  movements  of  the   savage,  whom    bV 
soon    discovered   and,  as    he    tbought,  Unknown    hi 
yomig  l.arncr,  also  concealed  himself,  some  loriy  or 
lilty  yards  ollj.ebmd  a  stump,  Moating  till  las  mnAed 
victim  snould  nune,  when  he  would  speed  a   bnll-t 
f  rougli  hnn.      Ycunig  J.arner  took  oif  Ins  hat,plac.,I 
It  on  a  loose  root,  with  which  he  lifted  llie  hat  a  fen- 
inches  to   one  side  of  the  stump,  the  Indian  i.-rcciv- 
ing  the  hat,  tbwnghi  that  he  was  about  lookim^  irjr, 
behmd  the  stmnp  to  see  where  liis  pursuer  was-^ 
tbis  instant  tbe  Indian  fired;   no  sooner  had  be  dis- 
charged his  rnie  (ban  J.arner  rose  up  and  shot  di. 
^  Indian  dead  on  the  spot. 

General  Sullivan,  on  his  way  from  Easton  to  Wvo- 
mmg,  in   177!.,  encamped  here  on  tbe  imh  of  hL 
On  the  18th  he  bad  encamped  at  llelliard's  tavern 
eleven   miles    irom  fJas.on.      June   VJ,  rnareh.d  tJ       j 
l.arney  s  ;]..arner->;}  tavern,  or  Pokanose  (Pocono) 

Tu   sL'-  T,,  ■? ''"'V''"  P-^"^'^^  lime  wheri  u..c.n«a. 

out  saiJ  ,lua  u  «  ai  about  the  lime  of  the  Kcvolutio,,. 


HI.STOIIY    OV    I){ONROE    COUNTY.  177 

point — 20tli,  to    Choiidcr   camp. — Sullivan's  Jour- 
nal— Haz.  Ilcg-.  xw.jj.  12. 

Chestnuthill  iowiuhlj)  is  bounded  on  the  north  by 
Pocoiio  tuwnsliij* ;  on  the  north-east  by  Pocono  and 
Hamilton;  oii  the  south  by  Ross;  on  tlie  west  by 
Carbon  coviiUy.  The  surface  of  this  township  is 
partly  hilly  and  partly  level ;  tiie  soil  gravel,  it  is  in 
some  places  being  improved,  and  amply  repays  tlie 
labor  of  the  fanaers;  thongh  some  considerable  por- 
tion of  the  land  is  classed  among  unseated  lands — 
about  one  sixtli  of  llie  lowiisihp.  There  are  two  promi- 
nent hills  ;  a  lofty  siuu',  called  Chestnut  hill,  givmg 
name  to  thetownsliip,  and  Prospect  hill,  in  the  north- 
west part  of  tlie  township.  The  township  is  watered 
by  rioeth's,  or  Head's  creek,  which  rises  in  this  lown- 
ship,  and  by  a  &oiith-v/estern  course,  flows  into  <•  Big 
creek,"  in  Towamensing  townshi]),  Carbon  county. 

It  was  on  this  creek  that  the  Indians  committed 
several  murders,  in  Decendjer,  1755,  as  appears  from 
the  following  deposition  : 

'I'lie  12lh  day  of  l)ccend)cr,  1755,  personally  •d\\- 
peared  before  me,  William  Parsons,  one  of  his  majes- 
ty's justices  of  tlie  peace,  for  the  county  of  North- 
ampton, Michael  Ilute,  aged  twenty-one  years,  who 
being  duly  sworn  on  the  Holy  Evangelists  of 
Almighty  God,  did  depose  and  declare,  that  last 
Wednesday,  about  six  o'clock,  afternoon,  a  company 
<)f  Indians,  about  five  in  numl)er,  attacked  the  house  of 
Frederick  Ho(;(h  about  twelve  miles  eastv/ard  from 
Gnadcn  Hutten,ou  Poclio  J^ochtocreek;  that  the  fami- 
ly being  at  supper,  the  Indians  shot  into  the  house 
and  wounded  a  woman  ;  at  tbe  next  shot  they  killed 
Trederick  Ihjelh  him:-:!!]',  and  shot  several  times  more, 
whereu])on  all  lati  eul  of  ll.e  house  that  could.  I'lie 
Indians  hnined lately  set  lire  to  the  house,  mill  and 
iitables.  lleetli'.^  wife  ran  into  the  bake  house,  which 
was  also  set  on  fire.  Tlie  poor  \yoman  ran  out 
Ihrough  tlie  lianie.s,  and  being  very  much  burned. 
■*hc  ,  '.'j  iiito  die  water,  and  there  died  !  The  fndiuii.s 
I. 


ns  irisTOiir  OF  monuoe  coxjstt. 

cut  the  belly  op(3n,  and  used  her  otherwise  inhiiuKui 
ly.  Tliey  killed  and  scalped  a  daughter;  and  he 
thinks  diat  three  other  children,  who  were  o[  [he 
family,  were  burnt.  Three  oflloeth's  daughters  Mf 
missing,  willi  another  woman,  who  are  supposofl  Ic 
be  carried  (J ir.  In  the  action,  one  Indian  was  kiil"d 
and  another  woandud.     And  further  saith  not.'' 

JOHN  MICHAEL  HUTK. 

Svvoin  ai  Ejston,  ihe  day  and  year  above  said,  be- 
fore me. 

WJVI.  PARSONS 

This  township  cuntains  five  grist  mills,  niiieteiu, 
saw  mills,  a  I jithern  and  German  Reformed  chinch 
The  popiilatioi,  in  1830,  was  940  ;  in  1840,  lins,  TliC 
assessment  ol'  leal  and  personal  estate  in  184  1,  was 
$129,730  00;  trades  and  occupations,  ^34,780  00.  | 
About  lour  thousand  acres  ol"  unseated  land  \v:\i,  of  I 
fered  for  sale  by  the  county  treasunjr,  to  pay  tlio  ai  * 
rears  of  taxes  due  thereon.  I 

7?o^.5  ioui)i--,/i.'p  is  bounded  on  tlie  north  by,  (  in  s( 

nuthill  town.ship ;  on  the  east  by  Hamilton  ;    o!^  th:-,  t 

south  by  Northampton  county;    on  the  west  by  (';n-  i 

bon  county.     The  surface  of  this  townsiiip   in  the  i 

south,  is  mountainous  ;  on  the  north  pretty  level ;  soil  s 

gravel  and   some  hmestone.      Mucli  of  the  land   n  j 

pretty  well   iuijiroved  and  yields  abundantly.      Ii  is  | 

drained   by    the   head    waters  of  the  Aquanshicola  ' 

creek,  which  rises  about  a  nnle  east  of  the  Wind  Oap.  \ 

and  rumiing  lln'ough  this  township  a  south-westerly  1 

course  along  the  Bine  mountain,  falls  into  tlie  Lchigb  ) 

river  at  ita  entrance  into  the  \Valt:r   Gap.     ([   is  ti  ^ 

rapid  stream,  and  drives  several  mills.  | 

The  JVind  Gap  is  a  shigular  o])ening  througli  tlio  ' 

mountiuHj  tlirough  which,  no  stream  passes;  but  (lie  ! 
almost  level  crest  hue  of  the   mountain  is  here  de- 
pressed nearly  as  low  as  the  country  on  each  side  ;  foi 

'IS.  t'iov,  Kec.  p,  n-l 


HISTO«r    OF    MONROiS    COUNTY.  17*» 

a  notch  iu  the  mouhiain,  of  peculiar  convenience  foi 
the  passage  of  liuvellers  and  teams,  and  towardj< 
whicli  the  leaciiug  roads  on  botli  sides  converge,  and 
pass  tlu-ough  it  hi  one  great  tiioroughfare. 

Tiie  nortliciu  iurnpiko  from  Easton  to  Berwick, 
passes  through  tiiis  township.  A  considerable  por- 
tion of  the  land  is  classed  among  unseated  lands; 
several  thousand  acres  were  offered  for  sale  by  the 
county  treasurer  in  1844,  to  pay  the  arrears  of  taxes 
due  thereon. 

It  contains  eigiit  grist  mills  and  nineteen  saw- 
mills. The  population  ui  1840,  was  987  ;  at  preseni 
rising  1,100.  Assessment  of  real  estate  in  1844,  was 
.$11:3,599  00. 

Kun/clesviile,  bearing  the  name  of  its  proprietor^ 
was  started  about  fifteen  years  ago,  consisting  of 
seven  or  eight  dwellings,  one  tavern,  one  store,  a. 
school  house,  a  (jerni,:in  Reformed  chiurchand  a  grist 
mill. 

Hamilton  townshi;)  is  bounded  on  the  north  by 
Pocono  township  ;  lu  the  south  by  Northampton 
county  ;  west  by  Ross  ;  and  north-west  by  Chestmit- 
hill  township.  The  surface  of  this  township  is  diver- 
sified, mountainous,  hilly  and  level ;  soil  gravel ;  tlie 
east  end  of  it  is  pretty  well  improved.  It  is  drained 
by  M 'Michael's  creek,  Pocono  and  Cherry  creeks. 
Thehefidsof  Aquhischieola  and  Cherry  creeks  sprhig 
not  very  far  I'rom  eacli  other.  These  might  be  con- 
nected, and  following  tliem  by  a  canal,  would  open  a 
new  outlet  for  coal  fie. ni  the  Lehigh  to  the  Delaware. 

The  populationof  1830,  was  1,428;  in  1840,  1,508. 
The  assessed  valuation  of  real  and  personal  property 
in  1844,  was  !3'lJ9,7.jO  0<»;  trades  and  occupations, 
$34,780  00. 

Snydersvillt,  a  post  village,  laid  out  by  able  Pat- 
terge,  souie  tliiriy  years  ago,  consists  of  eight  dwell 
ings,  one  store,  one  tavern,  and  a  school  liouse. 

Kc'krsvillc,  a  i>c;-i  village,  laid  out  by  George 


160  HISTOU?    OF    MONROE    COUNTT. 

Keller,  more  than  thirty   years  ago,  consists  of  te.is 

dwellings,  one  store,  one  tavern,  a  school   house,  a  ] 

grist  mill,  a  clover  mill,  and  a  German  Reformed  aiui  | 

Lutheran  chinch  near  it.     When  the  comity  si-ai  tor  j 

Monroe   was  .'^olectcd,  there  were  strong  hopes  Kfi-  \ 

lersvillo  would  ])CC()me  the  site.     Mighty  eflbrts  v/eic  j 

made    to  eilVc:    this — all    failed — Stroudsburg    wns  | 

chosen.  \ 

Fe7i7iev6viile,  a   post  village,  laid  out   by  He.iiv  I 

Fenner.  about  tlie  lime  Kellersville  was  comnu'uci  (i,  S 

consists  .'i'tv/olvc  o:  thirteen  dwellings,  on(i  store,  via-  i 

tavern,  two  gri^t    mill?,,  a    carding  machine,  iuid  ilic  I 

usual  number  of  haiidicrafis  in  villages  thus  sitiial^'d.  1 

Saylurwilh ,  a    pdst   village,  laid    out  by  (,'liarli'.«  1 

Saylor,  about  t^vcnty   years  ago,  consists  of   er'  oi-  « 

twelve  dwellings,   one  tavern,  one    store,  a  v  ji^i.du  \ 

maker  sho{>  ahd  coo[)i'f  shoj).  | 

The  inhabit;. nts  of  this  township,  as  well  as  ;!;.•  \ 

early  setilersoii  the  Delaware  and  15roadliead  ti\  (^1:,  | 

were  much  exposed  to  the  incursions  of  the  savagi  >,  J 

who  committed  many  murders,  under  circumstain  .  ^  i 

of  great  cnielt)-.  j 

In  a  letter  dated  December    18,  1755,  it  is  sini.d.  | 

"tliat  a   ])arty  of  Indiuns  had  gathered   behind  ili:-  \ 

Blue  mountaiiKS,  to  th(!  number  of  two  hundred,  und  5 

had  burned  tlio  greater  part  of  the   buildings,  and  \ 

killed  upwards   of"  a    hundred  of"  the  inhabitii/ii:>,"'  j 

Another  letter  dated  the  20tli  December,  says  ;  '-'Wx  | 

barbarous  and  bloody  scene  which  is  now  open  in  dir  -' 

upper  parts  of  Northampton  county,  is  the  most  la-  ,| 
mentable  thai  perhaps  ever  a])peared.     There  \v.w\         ; 

be  seen  horror  ;\nd  desolation;  populous  settlemei;tf  | 

deserted;  villages  laid  in  ashes;  men,  women  ami  | 
children  massacsed,  some  Ibund    in  the  woods  ver^  | 

nauseous,  ibr  want  of  uiiermcnt,  some  just  reckins  s 
from  the  hands  of  their  savage  slaughterer^-:,  and  } 
some  Iiacked  and  covered  all  over  with  wounds  !''  | 
To  this  letter  was  annexed   a  list  of  sevenfy-aigh.         | 

per5:ons  killed,  and  more  than  forty  settb  nieiu'  % 
I'urned.  % 


^    -—s 


/  CHAPTER  XIII.     ./,..,.■ 

CAKJjON  COUNTY  ERECTED,  &c. 

Caebon  CouNry  u'as  erected  out  of  Northampion 
:uid  Monroe  counties,  agreeably  to  llie  following  act 
ol'  Assembly  : 

lie  it  enacied  by  ibe  Senate  and  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives ol'tlie  Cominonwealtli  of  Pennsylvania,  in 
General  Assembly  met,  and  it  is  hereby  enacted  by 
tjie  authority  of  the  s:unu,  'Jliat  all  those  parts  of  the 
iroumies  of  Northam|iton  and  Monroe,  lying  withm 
the  following  bounds;,  viz  :  Beginning  at  the  north- 
west corner  of  Noriiianipton  county  ;  thence,  south- 
wardly along  the  said  line,  till  it  intersects  the  north- 
orn  line  of  Lehigh  county;  thence,  eastwardly  along 
the  top  of  tiie  Blue  niouiitaiii,  to  the  south-west  cor- 
ner of  Monroe  county;  thence,  nortliwardly  along 
the  Monroe  county  line,  and  continue  the  same  poiitt 
of  compass  in  a  direct  line  through Tobyhanna  town- 
ship, in  Moin-oe  county,  to  such  point  as  may  strike  tiie 
Luzerne  county  line;  thence,  westwardly  along  the 
Luzerne  county  line,  to  the  place  of  beginning,  shall 
be,  and  the  same  is,  according  to  the  Ibregoing  lines> 
declared  to  be  erectrd  into  a  separate  coujity,  to  be 
called  Carbon:  Provided,  That  territory  from  INfon- 
roe  county,  sh.dl  oiJy  embrace  the  township  of  Pc/u/. 
Forest,  and  tiiut  ilie  said  tov/n.'^hip  shall  con.^tilute  tlic 
wliole  of  the  icnitory  taken  from  Monroe  county,  by 
the  provisions  of  this  act. 

John  D.  Bowman,  Thomas  Weiss,  John  Fatzingci, 
AbiMni  Shortz  and  Samuel  Wolf,  were  appointed 
u  .A^jCs,  to  receive  written  olfers  of  donations  in  re;d 


183  HiaTOBY    OV    CARBOJT    COUNTY. 

estate  and  moneyj  towards  defraying  the  expense.^  ol 
the  lands  rnd  public  buildings,  for  the  use  of  the 
county  of  Carbon. 

Passed  ;^iid  approved  March  13,  1843. — Law.^  of 
Pa.,  for  1813,/'.  85. 

Carbon  vuuntij. — Extracts  from  records  of  court, 
First — December  term,  1843. 

Hon.  N.  B,  Eldred,  President,  Asa  Packer  and 
Jacob  Dinkey,  Associates.  The  grand  jurors  were 
Charles  J.  Eallioi,  Abraham  Beer,  William  leaker, 
Jonas  IkiuiuaU;  Andrew  Coo])er,  John  Dcnulcr, 
Henry  Ebert,  Jacob  Fitzinger,  Abner  Huston,. h;seph 
Hahn,  Peter  Haberman,  Abraham  Harris,  Daniel 
Kister,  George  Kissner,  John  Lomison,  Barnard  M'- 
Clane,  James  M.  P.Iarsh,  Abraliam  JNIayer,  N.  M. 
Penrose,  William  Reng,  Reuben  Peters,  John  Frainei , 
Daniel  Wentz,  W.  H.  Wilson. 
,  .  Attorneys  at  llie  iirst  court — W.  H.  Butler,  Janie-',  \ 
R.  Strulhcrs,  0.  W.  Wheeler,  Pros.  Jit.,  F.  J.  0.sl)or)i, 
W.  Davis,  Jobu  D.  Morns,  Silas  E.  liuzzard,  Jolif  1 
W.  Hornbeck,  d.  W.  'i'ates,  J.  Clancy  Jones,  I  (din  I 
Sliouse,  Christopher  Looser.  Others  have  since  bLon  1 
admitted.  | 

Carbon  couniy  is  bounded  on  the  north-we.^1  by  I 
Luzerne  couniy  ;  east  by  Monroe  ;  south  by  Nortii-  ] 
ampton  and  L>  high ;  and  soutli-west  by  SchuylkiU  | 
county.  The  couniy  is  about  twenty  miles  long  and  I 
nineteen  broad ;  comprising  an  area  of  about  tinoe  f 
hundred  and  ninety  square  miles.  j 

The  county  is  generally  mountainous,  and  there  is-  \ 
not  much  arablu  land  in  the  northern  portion  of  ii ;  \ 
Mahoning  valley,  in  the  south-west,  is  well  adapted  to  | 
agriculture,  and  if  carefully  cultivated,  is  abundandy  | 
productive.  The  south-eastern  portion  contains  some  j 
land  tolerably  well  adapted  to  cultivation.  Tliongli,  I 
in  an  agricid'tnral  point  ol"  view,  it  is  not,  and  never  \ 
will  be,  a  farming  country;  still  it  is  rich  in  niinoini 
wcjiddi,  and  valuable  for  its  forests  of  pine. 

Tbe  hllnc  m.ountain  forms  the  southern  boiiu.kj'y 


nieTOnf    OF   C.1RB0N  COtJNTr.  183 

Noilli  of  tliis  iH  a  succesyion  of  small  ridges,  called  by 
various  iianics,  such  as  Firc-Line-hilt,  Mahoiihu] 
lidge,  Muurh  Chunk  mom\[ix\n,oa  the  west  of  the 
Lehigh  rivei.  Bi-yond  this  is  the  Broad  moiintaht, 
extending  to  ilio  easiward  of  the  river,  and  still  far- 
ther east,  is  the  Fohohupo,  or  Poko)io.  JNorth  of  tho 
Broad  7)1011)1  la  hi  are  Spr'uig  moimtam  and  Bald 
ridge.  Tliesc  nioniitauis  rise  from  six  hundred  to  ;i 
thousand  feet  above  the  Lehigh  river. 

This  county  is  v.'eil  supplied  with  water.  Besides 
the  Lehigh,  iheie  ai'c  many  other  streams,  yielding  a. 
vast  amount  of  waicr  jiower  ;  but  little  of  whicli, 
Jiowever,  has  heen  a]}plied  in  that  way,  except  to 
saw  mills.  The  piinci|'al  streams  are  the  Lehigh 
river,  Aquanshicola  creek,  liig  creek,  Lizard  creek, 
ALahoning  creek,  .Nesquihoning  creek,  Quakakc 
creek.  Hay's  creek,  IJickory  creek,  or  Griffith's  ruii> 
Muddy  run,  and  several  others — all  of  which  will  be 
noticed  in  tlio  sequel. 

The  Lehigh  river  is  a  brancliof  the  Delaware,  and 
receives  its  name  Ikjui  the  (ibor)gi)ics  of  this  country, 
who  called  it  /.cc/ia.or  Lcchaw,  which,  it  is  said,  tt; 
signify  West  Bra)ivfi.  It  rises  in  the  Great  Sivantp^ 
or  Shades  of  Death,  and  in  its  course  divides 
the  county  into  two  equal  parts.  The  foUowiiiij: 
graphic  descrijition.  from  the  peu  of  a  gentleman 
,who  visited  this  county  in  September,  18-14,  is  lierL-. 
introduced  as  a  description  of  a  part  of  the  county 
and  the  river. 

K.\ILROAD  FROM  WILKESBAKRE  TO  \V1HTEHAVE.\. 

Bending  uiy  course  southward,  I  left  Wilkesbane 
in  the  morning  for  Mauch  Chunk : — This  route  passes 
over  the  railKjLuJ  from  the  ibrnier  village,  to  ^\''hite- 
haven,  owned  by  the  Lehigb  Navigation  Compmiy, 
and  intended  \:>  tjunect  dieir  improvement  with  ibe 
valley  of  the  Sus([uehamia. 

The  \v<:uji  is  heavy,  and  although  not  complete, 
iim  t  have  boon  ah'eady  enormously  expensive.     A. 


181               fttsTotii'  OP  t.v.iuau  cousrr.  M 

number  oi  inchucd  ijUmes  are  finished,  and  a  tujin-ji  k 

of  one  tliOLisand  eight  hundred  feel  in  leugtli  is  in  f: 

progress.     "We  uaversed  the  line  hy  horse  pov/cr:  \ 

ascending  ilie  ]jlane.s  at  a  snail  pace,  and  descend-  t;} 

ing  theui   hy    the    force    of    gravity,   with   fearful  | 

rapidity,      A  her   dashing  through  excavations   and  y 

over   enibjuikments,    in    the    descent    ol"    a   hi  avy  | 

grade,  for  several  nnies,  we  reached  Whitehaven  at  i. 

noon.  I 

DESCENT  OF  THE  LEHIGH.  f 

Whitehaven  is  snuated  at  the  head  of  the  Lenigh  , 

Navigation,  and  some  eight  or  ten  miles  above  iho  | 

commencernenL  of    the   coal    formation.      Its   t.ade  | 

is   therefore    confmed    to   the  running  of    lumber;  i 

and  this,  judging  from   the   number  of    saw    mills  \ 

in   the    place,  and    its    vicinity,   and   the    imni'^tise  I 

quantity  of  board  piles  that,  for  several  miles  al.'ove  | 

it,  literally  line  the  banks  of  the  river,  must  be  ex-  i 

tensive.  i 

We    here   tool-;    passage  in    a  packet  for    iVIai.'Ji  | 

Chunk.   \'ou  will  excuse  a  somewhat  detailed  accrniiit  | 

of  my  passage  down  this  tair  stream.      The  det;r.'iit  I 

of  the  Lehigh  is  interesting,  both  on  account  of  iho  || 

almost  gigantic  construction  of  the  canal  and  the  inag-  ^ 

nificent  wildnesa  of  the  natural  scenery,    Thef^illin  i 

the  river,  between  Whitehaven  and  Maiich  Chuuk,  a  | 

distance  of  but  iwenty-live  miles,  is  642  feet  and  is  ? 

overcome  by  29  locks,  varying  i'rom  filteen  to  upwards  | 

of  tliirty  feet  in  depth.     These  locks,  even  before  the  | 

destructive  fresli^t  of   1841,  were  substantially  con-  I 

structed,  but  thifse    diat  were  then  destroyed,  liuve  | 

been  since  rebuiU  on  a  larger  and  still  more  maf-sive  I 

scale.     They  have  been  widened  so  as  t*  admit  two  *■ 

boats  at  once,  and  irom  the  inspection  of  an  unprnr;-  j 

tised  r^ye,  I  judged  their  walls  to  be  five  feet  in  iliicii-  | 

ness  and  tlieir  abulments  ol"  solid  mason  work  tu  iheii  { 
"wickois,  arc   uUod  and  emptied  as  exi>editiou^l'v  as 
tho  (;ighi  feet  iock.j  cjIi  our  state  canals,     lkl^vt.u^ 


niSTony  op  cahbon  countt.  185 

Whitehaven  and  Mauch  Chunk,  tlie  navigation  is 
4hnost  entirely  Ly  slackwator. 
|.  The  scenery,  inimrdiately  upon  leaving  Whiteha- 
ven, is  striking,  but  inrjroves  gradually,  a.s  you  de- 
scend the  Lehigh,  iitifil.  soiiui  miles  above  Mauch 
Chunk,  it  heconics  wild  and  picturesque  in  the  high- 
est degree.  The  dads  w-aters  ot'  tlie  river, dyed  almost 
to  a  hlack,  hy  t!i(3  sa]5  ot"  tlie  hemlock  soaking  in  it, 
every  where  enclos>;d  by  mountains  of  from  300  to 
700  feet  in  height,  and  confined  to  a  channel,  scarcely 
.'300  feci  ivide,  trace  a  circuiious  course  through,  per- 
liaps,  the  wildest  ar.d  most  rugged  mountain  region 
of  the  State.  Determined  to  enjoy  it  to  the  utmost,  I 
furnished  myself  with  a  prime  principe,  and  taking 
my  seat  upon  the  deck,  fairly  drank  in  the  varied 
magnificence  of  the  ever  ciiaiiging  scene.  Beneath 
me,  the  Lehigh  either  reposed  in  a  hlack,  glittering 
sheet,  or  hounded  over  its  rocky  channel  in  wreaths 
of  snow-white  foam;  ;  bout  me,  on  every  side,  for 
hundreds  of  feet,  rose  the  pine-caj)ped  mountains, 
iiore,  dark,  jagged  and  precipitous,  iutersjxnsed  oidy 
with  occasional  forest  iiees,  growing  in  the  ravines, 
or  amongst  tlie  clel'fs  and  crevices  of  the  rocks;  now, 
covered  with  rolling  stones  nearly  to  their  summits, 
bald  and  desolate;  and  again,  sloping  to  the  river's 
bank,  evenly  clad  with  bright  green  foliage,  and  af- 
fording the  eye  a  gratefid  relief  from  the  almost  pain- 
ful grandeur  of  the  ruder  scenes;  above  me,  was  the 
deep  blue  sky  of  a  summer's  eve,  enhancing  the  elfeci 
of  every  view,  by  the  contrast  of  its  serene  expanse 
with  the  wild  contusion  of  the  mountain  scenery 
around.  Every  where  the  mountain  sides  were  spot- 
ted witii  tall,  gaunt,  lealless  trunks  of  withered  pines, 
blasted  by  lightmng,  or  scorched  by  the  hand  of  man, 
and  reqinring  but  slight  aid  from  the  excited  imagi- 
nation, to  seem  tlie  gigantic  guards  ol'  these  Satanic 
fortresses.  Along  the  course  of  the  river,  nut  a  single 
rod  ol  arable  iaml  is  to  be  ))erceived;  the  mountains 
sink  sheer  to  the  water's  edge.  In  wild  magnilicence 
of  :::":ry.  1  liave  seen  notlung  on  the  Hudson,  thu 


186  HISTOKF    OP    CARBON    COUNTY. 

Susqiiclianna,  or  the  Juniata,  to  compare  with  th*. 
banks  of  the  I.ehigh. 

Whilst  seated,  as  described  above,  I  felt  a  roniantic 
ardour  gia dually  creep  along  my  nerves,  and  being, 
irem  reason  and  experience,  most  liorribly  prejudiced 
against  the  sentimental,!  sought  refuge Irom  my  feel- 
ings by  diving  to  tliat  most  common-jilace  of  all 
places,  the  cabin  of  the  canal  boat;  but  I  was  not 
destined  to  escape  so  easily.  Instead  of  the  relief  I  I 
anticipated,  my  ears  were  greeted  with  an  aiix(/rou&  ^ 
passage  between  the  cabin  boy  and  our  pretty-cook  '^ 
maid — "iiah!  I  stcetched  myself  upon  a  settee,  aii.l  | 
amid  pleasmg  reflections  upon  the  omnipoteu'\3  ef  | 
love,  tliat  is  able  to  convert  the  steerage  of  a  ear. a!  I 
boat  into  a  paradise,  composed  myself  to  slecj),  and  | 
awoke  at  Mauch  Chunk. — Lancaster  Examiner  (tnd  \ 
Herald  Sept.  18,  lS-i4. 

Tliere  are,  btisidts  J\Iauch  Chimk,  the  county  town, 
and  a  number  of  small  villages,  which  will  be  noticed 
below.  There  are  several  grist  mills,  and  a  mini];er 
of  saw  mills  ia  this  coimty;  also  several  I'urii^i /rv 
tbrges  aiu]  Ibundrics, 

The  county  i^  divided  into  the  following  town:.l,i;i:.-: 
viz:  East  Peim,  Ahuich  Chunk,  l^ausanne.  Upper 
Towamensing,  Lower  Towamensing,  Penn  FoiCit, 
Mahoning  and  Banks,  having  an  aggregate  popula- 
tion of  about  eight  tliousand. 

The  early  history  of  Carbon  county  is  merged  -vilh 
that  of  Northampton,  The  iirst  settlement  was  ,iiadu 
in  Mahoning  township,  on  the  north  side  of  Mahoning 
creek,  about  half  a  mile  above  its  junction  with  {\\\i. 
Lehigh  river. 


fj  CHAPTER  XIV. 

1^!,!  .   TOPO(;nAI'llY   OF  TOWNSHIPS,  Ac. 

Mauch  Chunk  lo  ton  ship  is  named  from  Mauch 
Vhtink  mountain,  in  ihis  township.  The  name  of 
the  mountain  is  oi'  Indian  origin,  and  in  the  language 
•of  the  Lcnni  Lcnupi,  dj-  Delaware  Indians,  is  said  to 
\  \    signify /?ear  //KJiiulai)!. 

This  townshi])  is  hounded  on  the  north-west  by 
Lausanne;  north-east l^y  Upper Towamensiiig;  south 
by  Mahoning;  and  north-west  by  Schuylkill  eouuiy. 
The  surface  i){  lliis  township  is  niountaiiKAis,  includ- 
ing parts  ol' Chilli  h  Cluiuk,  Ncsipuhoiiing  and  Broad 
mouulains,  on  thi;  wc.M  ^idc  of  ihe  i.ehigh  river;  and 
parts  of  the  lircjud  nriuntain,  ]5ig  Creek  mountani, 
and  Kettle  mountain  ou  the  east  side  of  die  Lehigh 
river. 

Tiic  soil  is  gravel,  and  naturally,  not  very  produc- 
tive, yet  portions  of  (his  townshi])  are  arable  and 
have  been  made  productive,  by  proper  attention  be- 
ing paid  to  the  cultivation  of  the  land.  The  township 
is  drained  by  Heaver  creek,  Mauch  Chunk  creek, 
lloom  Uun,  N(S(juih()iiiiig  creelc,  and  Kettle  creek. 
The  i)riiicii)al  of  these  are  Mauch  Chunk,  and  Ncs- 
quihoniug  creeks. 

Mauch  Chunk  creek  roeeives  its  name  iVoni  the 
moiuitaiu,  at  the  fooi  oi'  which  it  takes  its  rise,  and 
tracing  along  the  mountain,  in  a  very  direct  line.',  falls 
into  the  Lehigli,  on  the  west  side, about  a  mile  and  a 
half  below  tlie  NosquiUoning.  It  is  vtiry  rapid,  auii 
]ias  Several  mills  erected  on  it. 

?.'   'adhunintr  creek  rises  at  the  foot  of  the  Broail 


188  rilS'J'OKY    OP    CARBON    COUNTT. 


bctwei^i  Jk-.uul  inountaiii  and  Maiicli  Chunk  moun- 
tain, Avliicli  rise  like  a  rampart  on  each  siJ(^  it  fulU 
into  i)ie  Luhigh,  at  Lausanne.  It  is  very  rapi^l  (i:r 
about  two  miles  from  its  mouth,  where  it  becornes 
more  gentle,  passing  througli  natural  meadows.  Seve- 
ral mills  are  erected  on  it. 

A  large  portion  of  this  township  belongs  tu  ihc  Le 
high  Navigation  and  Coal  Company.  Tiny  own 
rising  of  thirteen  ihonsand  acres.  Several  ihonsaiid 
acres,  in  this  tou^iship,  are  classed  among  unseated' 
lands,  ilic  gji.;:l  r  [jortion  of  whicli  was  oficrod,  ir. 
1844,  liy  tiie  county  treasurer  for  sale,  to  ))ay  the  iiT- 
rears  of  taxes  dne  tln'reon. 

The  population,  in  1S30,  was  1,3  18;  in  18  !u.  y,l  J'',  j 
The  county  lax,  for  l&i  1,  was  $l,5xJl  5(j;  for  slui..>  | 
purposes,  i;^1.05(j  29.  i 

JSfaudi  Hhitnk  is  tlie  princijjal  town  in  this  ti;v, u  \ 
ship,  and  in  tlie  county,  and  is,  at  ])resent,  ihe  seo.;  i 
of  justice  fur  the  county.  It  is  on  the  west  bank  of  \ 
the  Lehigh  riv  or,  twelve  miles  above  the  ^Valei•  (i;.p,  \ 
(brty-six  mil .s  i)y  the  navigation  iVom  Eastcn,  and  \ 
nearly  thiity  iVom  Allentovvn.  Thu  situation  i;;  ro-  | 
mantic  and  incluiesque,  the  town,  in  the  gltit^  Ijcing  ! 
encircled  by  sleep  mountain  acclivities,  which  vise,  in  j 
»iome  jihice's,  in'ccipilously  from  the  river,  to  a  height  j 
of  eiglil  huniivi'il  or  a  thousand  feet.  \ 

The  place  was  first  started  about  twenty-siivoi.  j 
years  ago,  in  connection  with  the  operations  uf  the  '; 
Lehigh  Coal  and  Navigation  Company,  winch  v.'-as  j 
Ibrmed,  in  its  ineipiency,  lifty  years  ago,  ant!  fuliyni-  \ 
corporated  in  18 Ki.  The  town  was  originally  their  , 
property,  and  its  i)rosperily  is  wholly  owing  1j  the  \ 
enterj)ri/.e  of  die  (  onipany. 

The  (/hic;  is  nnich  resorted  to  in  tlie  summer  sciir 
%on,  on  ['jcount  of  the  many  stupendous  ati  .iclions, 
and  goiiural  o()jccts  of  interest.  The  inhahiiafU:;  arc 
■jrwraL  i/ilclli^:;ent  and  hospitable.  Its  improvouieii^ 
iu  C:V:;ry  respucl,  has  been  considerable,   wiihin  \\\'^ 


n- 


HISTORY    Of    f  AUBON    COUNTr.  IS9 

last  ten  years.  Niimeruus  are  the  descriptions  given 
of  this  place  by  gentlemen  who  have  visited  here.  A 
IJ3  I  writer  in  the  Village  Record,  says:  «  It  was  in  July 
1825,  when  I  lasi  visited  Manch  Chunk — alewstejis 
from  the  landing  on  the  l^ohigli,  brought  me  to 
Mauch  Chunk  llulcL  a  large  and  elegant  building, 
\  \  well  tinished  and  fufni-alieil,  and  crowded  with  well 
\  dressed,  fashion;' ijie  ijeopic;,  evidently  strangers,  on  a 
visit  to  the  miiu  ■:,  .'i  glance  around  the  tea-table, 
told  me  tliere  v/as  luilh  beauty  and  grace  among  the 
female  visitants.  Aii  c^ainiuation  of  the  book',  where 
oaeli  person's  naiii-;  is  ji:citrded,  informed  me  that 
some  of  die  first  characters  and  taleut  of  the  stat(- 
S\'  were  guests  at  tlu;  mansion." 

.  Another  writer,  in  the  Ihicks  County  IntelUgen 
cer  of  1831,  says:  "About  two  miles  south  of  Mauch 
Chunk,  wo  came  upci  the  lov/er  boundary  of  the 
Company's  lands,  where  the  hills  on  each  side  of  the 
river,  acquire  a  great  elevation,  and  have  a  very  bold 
appearance.  The  river  is  confined  in  a  narrow  bed, 
and  the  road  on  one  side,  and  the  canal  ami  tow-patli 
on  the  other,  are  cut  al-mg  the  base  of  the  hill,  as  far 
from  the  river  as  the  nature  of  the  ground  would  ad- 
mit. 
:  J  "The  irregular  course  of  the  river,  and  the  hills 
I  mounting  up  several  hundred  feet,  rendered  the  view, 
up  and  down  tlie  river,  rather  wild  and  dreary,  until 
we  approached  near  enough  to  see  the  neat  white 
buildings  of  JNIauch  Chuidc,  which  presented  a  beau- 
tiful contrast  to  the  hiiis,  covered  with  deep  verdure 
above,  and  the  swift  Uowing  and  dashing  current  of 
water  below.  Upon  entering  the  village,  tlie  first 
objects  which  presented  to  the  eye,  were  the  exten- 
sive buildings  occupied  by  Mr.  Kimball,  as  a  hotel, 
and  which  is  k.^pt  in  good  style,  not  inferior  to  many 
of  the  fasliionable  hotels  of  our  Atlantic  cities.  High- 
er up  the  jiank'  of  ihc  river,  arc  several  extensive  saw 
mills,  and  a  large  grist  mill,  the  store  house,  boat 
liouse,  railroad  slioot,  &c.,  with  here  and  there  a 
dw.-ll.ng.      /Vboin  the  centre  of  these  improvement.':. 


p 

190              uir.TDur  of  carbon  countt.  t  ' 

I' 

there  is  a  break  m  tlie  hill,  and  a  considerable  ravine,  t  ■■ 

down  which  flows  a  stream, su/Ficient  for  turning  va-  *' 

rious  kinds  oi  machinery.     Along  this  stream,  u  h«,Te-  I 

ever  the  ground  will  admit  of  it,  most  of  the  dwelling  ■  * 

houses  and  worivshops  are  erected."  \  . 

There  is  perhaps  not  another  place  m  Pennsylva-  t  " 
nia  that  surpasses  Mauch  Chunk,  where  so  much  of 

the  truly  sublime  and  picturesque  is  so  magnificenily  t . 

displayed,  as  here.     This  place  is  well  worthy  a  visit.  S  ' 
and  a  journey  of  hundreds  of  miles,  to  make  it.     To 

describe  all  tar.i  is    attractive,  would  transceni   die.  j ., 

limits  pixscribcd  us.     '■>'  'I'he  coal  nunes,  the  inchaec}  ; 

planes,  and  all  tho  machinery  and  appliances  nece.ssa-  - 

ry  for  mining,  tjansjiorting  and  shipping  coal,  may  be  |< 

seen  here  on  a  large  and  improved  scale;  while  die  ■ , 

pure  mountain  air, gushing  I'ountains  of  the  coldest-  t- 

and  purest  water,  v.'itli  beautiful  views  of  wild  and  | 

sublime  mountain  scenery,  give  additional  charms  to  j 

the  place.''  i:, 

The  public  Liiildings  are  the  court  house  and  jj.ii  T 

The   court   house  was  presented  to  the  county    by  ¥< 

tlie  LehiLdi    N;ivigation  and  ('oal  Company,      'ilu  % 

citizens  had  it  ie])aired,  and  iitted  up  lor  forensic  p\iv-  |5 

poses,  and  erected  the  jail,  at  an  expense  of  about  four  f 

thousand  dollais.     There  are   three  churches  here  ;  | 

Presbyt(;nan,  IMeUiodistand  Evangelical  Association.  « 

Tlie  O^A/ Fc7/<>;/'6' erected  a  commodious  hall  in  i8^J4.  i' 

There  arc  three  tavc^rns  and  six  stores  here  :  a  foim-  i 


below  the  town,  owned  by  Mr.  Richards. 

There  is  a  weekly  paper  published  here,  trailed 
The  Carbon  Cnunty-  Gazette,  edited  by  A.  L.  Foj- 
ter,  Esq.  Some  twelve  years  ago,  Mr.  Foster  cuin- 
menced  tlie  Mauch  Chunk  Courier  in  this  place, 
The  population,  which  is  an  exceedingly  industrious 
one,  is  between  eleven  and  twelve  hundred.  One  of 
the  first  pMblic  school  houses  that  is  to  be  met  with  in 
the  state,  out  of  Philadelphia,  is  to  be  foiuul  at 
Mnacl!  Ciiuak.  Tlie  schools  here  are  well  condncscd 


dery,  owned  by  John  Fatziuger,  Esq.,  and  a  furnact       * 


HI5T0KY    OF    CAKUON    COUNTF.  19l 

This  place  sufloicd  miicli  tEoni  the  great  freshet  m 
January,  ISll. 

At  Munch  Chiiiik,  tlio  town  was  inundated,  and 
considerable  damage  sustained.  The  Courier  Extra, 
Siiys  :  ''  It  is  impossible  to  estimate  any  thing  near 
the  truth  of  the  amount  of  damage  our  citizens  have 
sustained — ^very  one  has  lost  more  or  less,  and  some 
eighteen  or  tv/eniy  families  within  three  miles  of  out 
village  are  left  dependant  upon  the  mercies  of  the 
more  fortunate,  without  house,  bed  or  provisions; 
and  three  childn^!:  of  Mr.  Adam  ]5eer,  (the  mother 
barely  cscupeing  with  un  infaiU  hi  her  arms,)  and  the 
mother  and  three  children  of  another,  have  perished 
in  the  Hood,  as  their  houses  were  borne  down  by  its 
dreadful  course.  The  bodies  of  two  of  Mr.  Eeer's 
children  were  recovered  from  the  water,  and  should 
tile  other  be  found,  the  friends  of  humanity  will  re- 
ceive the  thanks  of  the  afllicled  parents,  by  commu- 
nicating the  information  to  them," 

As  it  may  be  interesting  to  the  general  reader, 
place  is  given  here  to  tlie  following  article.  As  this 
township  forms  a  very  ilistinguished  portion  of  ihc 
coal  formation  of  the  the  state: 

MAUCH   CHUNK    MOUNTAIN. 

"  Under  this  title,  it  is  proposed  to  give  an  account 
of  the  famous  coal  moinitain,and  tlie  magnificent  im- 
provements of  which  it  has  been  the  cause.  The 
name  of  this  mountain  is  of  Indian  origin,  and  in  the 
language  of  the  Lenni  Lenappi,  (Delawares,)  is  said 
to  signify  Jieat'  mount a'ni.  It  forms  a  very  distin- 
guished portion  ol'  the  coal  formation  of  the  state,  and 
we  are  told  that  we  owe  our  knowledge  of  its  min- 
eral treasures  to  sheer  accident;  that  a  hunter  dis- 
covered the  coal  bed^  while  in  search  of  game,  beneath 
the  roots  of  an  uptorn  pine.  The  following  accouni 
of  this  importatit  event  is  given  l)y  the  venerable  Dr. 
Thomas  C.  James,  of  rhil;idel[jhia,  who,  in  the  year 
1601.  Ill  company  vv^ith  Aiuhony  Morris,  Esq., duruig 


192  nisroitv   of  carbon  county. 


f 


an  excuiiioii  lo  some  lands  on  tlie  Lehigh,  their  joinl  || 

property,  visited  tlie  mountain.  |-5i 

''In  ihc  course  of  our  pilgrimage,  we  reached  ilii'  /> 

summit  oi  tiie  Mancli  Chunk  mountain,  the  present  t^ 

situ  of  tlie  mine,  or  rather  ([uarry,  of  anthracile  coal  t^ 

At  that  time  there  were  only  to  he  seen  three  or  loui  M 

small  pif  =>  \vlii(jh  had  nnich  the    appearance  vi   tlie  ** 

commencement  of  rude  wells,  into  one  of  wiiit;h,  our  ^: 

guide  ( r!il(ip  (ri)iicrj  descended  with  great  case,  |^ 

ajid  threw  up   some  pieces  of  coal  for  our  examina-  * 

lion.     AftL-r  whicli.  whilst  we  lingered  on  ihu  spot,  fe 

conternplitiiig  ilut  wildnussoftlie  scune,]ionL'st  Phili])  ^ 

amused  us  widi  the  following  narative  of  Uie  ori^mvai  '^' 

discovery  of  this  most  Vcduahte  of  minerals,  now  pro-  |^ 

rnising,  from  ils  g(;n(Mal  dilfusion,  so  much  of  acahh  f 

and  comfort  lo  a,  great  portion  of  Pennsylvania.  |, 

"  lie  said,  wiieji  he  iirst  took  up  his  resid«a:-e  i:i  | 

that  dislrict  of  country,  lie  huilt  for  himself  a  j-otigh  Z 

cahin  in  the  f(nest,  and  supported  his   family  hy  the  |- 

proceeds  of  his  rille  ;  heing  literally  a  hunter  (f  ilie  I? 

hack  woods.     The  game  lie  shot,  including  hear  .uul  | 

deer,  lie  currien  to  the  nearest  store,  and  exchai  g(^d  | 

for  other  necessaries   of  lite,     liut  at  the  parliculai  * 

tinie  to  which  ho  then  alluded,  he  was  witlioiU  a  siij)-  I 

ply  of  food  for  his  family ;  and  after  heing  out  ail  'i 

day  wiUi  ins  gun  in  quest  of  it,  he  was  retmniny,  | 

towards  evening,  over  the  IVhiuch  Chunk  mom:t;dii,  V 

entirely  unsuccessful  and  dispirited  \  a  drizzling  rain  t 

beginning  to  fall,  and  night  approaching,  he  bent  hie  S 

course  homeward,  cuusidering  himself  one  of  the  most  f 

forsaken  of  inunan  heings.     As  he  trod  slowly  <:7er  \ 

tiie    ground,  his   loot   stumbled   against   somediing  * 

which,  by  the  siroke,  was  driven  Ijcfore  him  ;  ohscrv-  j 

ing  it  to  be  black,  to  distinguish  which  there  was  just  I 

hght  enough  remaining,  he  took  it  up,  and  as  in.  hnd  * 

often  listened  to  the  traditions  of  the  country  o\    !l>b  J 

existence  of  coal  in  die  vicinity,  U  occurred  to  him,  i 

that  diis  might  he  a  portion  of  that  ''•  alone  cutL''  of  I 

whi.  I'  lie  had  henid.     lie  accordingly  carefully  i  )ok  ^ 

■d  withiiim  to  liis  cahin,  and  Uie  next  day  car  '.nt  it  | 


inSTOllY    OF    CARBON    COUNTY.  193 

to  Col.  Jacob  Weiss,  residing  at  what  was  then  known 
by  the  name  of  Fort  Allen.  The  colonel,  who  was 
alive  to  the  subject,  brought  the  specimen  with  him 
to  Philadelphia,  und  submitted  it  to  the  inspection  ol 
John  Nicholson  and  Michael  Ilillegas,  Esqrs.,  and  ol' 
Charles  Cist,  an  ii'ielligent  printer,  who  ascertained 
its  nature  and  qualities,  and  authorized  the  colonel  to 
satisfy  G inter  lor  his  discovery,  u})on  his  pointing  out 
the  precise,  spot,  where  he  ibund  the  coal.  This  was 
done  by  acceding  to  Ginter's  proposal,  of  getting 
through  the  forms  of  tlie  patent  ollice,  the  title  of  a 
small  tract  of  iaiid,  which  he  supposed  had  n«!Vt-i 
been  taken  up,  comprisuig  the  mill  seat,  on  whicli  he 
afterwards  built  the  mill  which  alforded  us  the  lodg- 
ing of  the  precc'hng  right,  and  which  he  afterwards 
was  unhappily  d(.q)ii\  ed  uf  by  the  claim  of  a  i)rioi 
survey. 

'•  Ilillegas,  Cist,  Weiss,  and  others,  immediately 
after,  (about  the  beginning  of  the  year  ll'J2,)  formed 
the  "  Lehigh  Cual  Mine  Company,"  but  without  a 
cliartcr  of  incorpi>ration,  imd  took  up  8  or  10,000 
acres  of  unloeaied  laiul>  including  the  iMauch  Chunk 
jnomitain." 

"  The  mine  now  wrought  was  opened  by  this  com- 
pany ;  but  the  diiticnhies  of  transporting  the  coal  to 
market  were  then  insurmountable,  and  their  enter- 
prise was  abandoned.  The  mine  remained  in  a  ne- 
glected state,  Ufc,cd  only  by  the  smiths  and  others  ot 
the  inmiediate  vicinity,  until  the  year  1S06,  when 
Wm.  I'urnbull,  Esq.,  caused  an  ark  to  be  constructed 
at  Lausanne,  which  brought  to  the  city  two  or  tlncr 
hundred  bushels.  A  portion  was  sold  to  the  mana- 
ger of  the  water  works,  for  tlie  use  of  the  Centre 
Square  steam  engine.  Upon  trial  here  it  was  deemed 
rather  an  extinguisher  than  an  aliment  of  hre,  wa^ 
rejected  as  woriTdess,  and  was  broken  up  and  spread 
on  tlie  walks  uL  the  surrounding  garden,  in  the  \)\iur 
of  gravel. 

"  The  !ugi,\,lature,  early  aware  of  the  importance  ol 
{1x2  n.i  vigatioji  of  the  Lelngh,  passed  an  act  for  its  im- 

M 


I 


194  lITsTOUY    OV    CARBON    COtlNTY. 

provemcnt  in  1 771,  and  others  in  1791,  1794,  I7i;b; 
1810,  1814  and  I&KJ.  Under  one  of  these  a  compa- 
ny associated,  and  at^ter  expending  more  than  20,000 
dollars  in  clearing  o\it  ehanneis,  relinquished  their  do- 
sign  of  perfecting  the  navigation  of  the  river. 

"  In  the  meanwhile  the  coal  mine  company,  de-  ^ 

Birous  to    render    their  property    available,  graritcd  M 

leases  to  several  individualy  successively  ;  the  last,  for  |> 

a  term  of  ten  years,  with   the  privilege  of  cuttiiig  | 

timber  from  then-  lands,  for  floating  the  coal  to  nrarket,  f 

was  made  to  Messr.?.  Cist,  Miner  L  Robinson,  iipou  ^ 

the  condition  Hint  ihey  should   send  to  Philad.:lpliia  1 

10,000  bushels  of  coal  per  annum,  for  the   beiiefit  of  | 

the   lessees.     These  gentlemen    loaded  several  mkh  | 

■with  coal,  only  three  of  which  reached  the  city,  and  I 

they  abandoned  the  busijiess  at  the  close  of  the  v/ar  | 

in  1815.  I 

"  During  the  war,  Virginia  coal  became  very  scarce,  f 

and  Messrs.  \Vhite  &  iM'skine  Hazard,  then  engaged  | 

in  the  manufaciure  of  iron  wire,  at  the  falls  oi'  thr  | 

Schuylkill,  havuig  learned  that  Mr.  J.  Malin  had  sue-  | 

ceeded  in  the  use  of  the  l.ehigh  coal  at  his  rclhiiL'  | 

mill,  procured  a  cart  load  of  it,  which  cost  tbuni  a  | 

dollar  per  bushel.    This  quantity  was  entirely  wastt  '1,  I 

without  getting  up  the  requisite  heat.     Another  cart  f 

load  was,  however,  obtained,  and  a  whole  night  v/as  , 

spent  in  endeavoring  to  make  a  fire  in  the  fmnace,  i 

whentlie  hands  shut  the  furnace  door,  and  departed  | 

from  the  null  iii  despair.     Fortunately,  one  of  diem.  | 

who  had  left  his  jacket  in  the  mill,  returning  for  it  in  I 

about  half  an  hour,  observed  the  door  of  the  lin\iLCc  1 

to  be  red  hot,  and  upon  opening  it,  was  surprised  to  1 

find  the  interior  at  a  glowing  white  heat.     1'he  other  i 

hands  were  sunnnoned,  and  lour  separate  parcels  o!  | 

iron  were  heated  by  the  isnme  lire,  and  rolled  beiore  j 

renewal.     The  furnace  was  then  replenished,  and  as  I 

letting  the  fire  alone  had  succeeded  so  well,  that  \ 

method  was  tried  again  with  a  like  result.  \ 

"Thenceforth  Messrs.  White  and  Hazard  coiuncca  \ 

die  use  of  anthracite  coal,  which  they  procured  iVoni  | 


IIISTCnr    OF    CAiU'ON    COUNTY. 


195 


Schuylkill  county,  in  wagons,  and  occasionally  in  flats 
by  freshets,  and  also  from  Lehigh,  in  one  of  Messrs. 
Miner  &  Go's  arks.  Tiius  instructed  in  the  invalua- 
ble properties  of  anthracite,  Messrs.  While  and  Ha- 
zard having  disposed  of  their  works  on  the  Schuyl- 
kill to  the  city  of  Piiiladelphia,  turned  their  attention 
to  the  mines  of  ihe  Leiiigh,  with  a  resolution  of 
creating  adequate  nieans  for  transporting  their  wealth 
to  market. 

"In  January,  ISiS;  they  jointly,  with  Mr,  Hants, 
obtained  the  control  of  the  lands  of  the  Lehigh  coal 
mine  company.  In  the  succeeding  March,  the  legis- 
lature granted  to  these  gentlemen  ample  power  for 
improving  the  navigation  of  the  river  Lehigh,  and 
vested  in  them,  their  heirs  and  assigns,  the  absohu^i 
and  exclusive  use  of  the  waters  of  the  river,  not  in- 
compatible with  the  niivigation,  and  the  right  to  levy 
tolls  upon  boats,  rat'ts,  $ic.,  descending  the  river,  and 
also  upon  ascending  it,  in  ca.se  a  slack  water  naviga- 
tion should  be  made,  upon  condition  :  1st.  That  they 
made  a  descending  navigation  within  six  years,  from 
the  mouth  of  the  i^es(p;ih()ning  creek  to  the  Delaware, 
aild  from  the  (ircat  fulls  to  the  Nesquihoning,  within 
ttventy  years.  ^.  Thit  incase  the  legislature  deemed 
such  navigation  suliicicnt,the  graiitees  should  convert 
the  same  into  a  complete  slack  water  navigation, 
erecting  one  lock  or  otherdevices,  overcoming  at  least 
six  icet  fall,  yearly,  until  the  whole  should  be  com- 
pleted. 3.  That  in  Case  of  abuse  of  the  privileges 
gtanted,  or  negl(;ct  t6  comijlete  the  slack  water  navi- 
gation, within  twenty  years  after  reqilisition  made, 
that  the  state  might  resume  the  grant.  4.  That  the 
state  might,  after  the  expiration  of  thirty-six  years 
from  the  date  of  the  grant,  purchase  the  rights  of  the 
grantees  to  tlic  navigation.  And  5th.  That  upon 
such  purchase,  or  resumption,  in  case  of  forfeiture,  that 
the  state  sliould  fulfil  ail  ilic  obligations  enjoined  by 
this  act,  upon  the  aranteos. 

"For  the  purpose  of  obtaining  funds  to  carry  this 
fact  i.  i )  alfect,  andcor.duct  the  mining  t>perations  ad- 


\ 


19()  Hf^TiiJ!/     OK    CAUBON    COUNTS. 

vantagL'iii.sly,  Messrs.  White,  Hants  and  11,1/.:;:.. 
formed,  v;iih  otlicis,  two  associations  in  July,  ISls; 
the  onv.;,denoiniuatod  "  The  Lehigii  Navigation  Ci:m:- 
pany,"  ior  \v\\o^c  use,  tliey  granted  to  trustees,  Ly 
deed  dated  I()i!i  August,  IblS,  ail  the  right  vested  in 

them  by  tlie  above  ineiitioned  act,  to  the  benetits  oi  | 

the  river  Leliiah,  reserving  to  themselves  certain  resi-  \ 

duary  ja'ciits  and  exclusive  privileges  in  the  niaijuge-  | 

ment  of  the  company  ;  the  other,  denominated  *'  Tho  t 

Lehigh  Coal  Company,"  for  whoso  use  they  al^o  con-  j 

veyed  to  trastoes,  cortain  estates  in  sundry  tracts  oi  1 

coal  lands,  leserving  also  to  themstdves  certai  i  rt.\;i-  | 

duary  prolils,  and  exclusive  privileges  in  the  m.'  iiage  | 

ment  of  such  compan)-.  ) 

"The   navigation   company  commenced   the.    iui-  j 

provement  01  t1ie  Lehigli  in  August,  1818.     In  1820,  . 

coal  was  senl  tj    Philadelphia,  hy  an  artificial  navi-  i 

gation,  and  ikAd  ai   ^58  50  per   ton,  delivered  jI  iho  | 

door  of  the  jnuchascrs.  | 

"The  following  ]dan  \vas  adopted,  to  render   ih:7  j 

passage  oi'  the  liver  niore  I'acile.     The  obstacles  i.i  th"^.  | 

bed  ol'  tlie  \i\:v  \\c\\:  removed,  and  thirteen  ii,.hi.'.  ■; 

with  sluices  oi  various  heights,  were  constru  .I'  d  .m  I 

pine  logs,  at  aii  average  ex})ense  of  three  thoiis>a,i  I  .) 

dollars  each.      The  gates  of  the  sluices,  of  a  pcriilias  J 

construction,  'Acre  invented  by  Mr.  White,  (to  wlioui  \ 
the  company   are  ind(d)tGd  lor  many  ingemu.is  im- 

})rovemen(s,)  and  merit  particular  notice.     The  gate;;  j 

in  the  sluice  or  lock  were  attached  to  the  flooring  by  i 

hinges,  and  rose  by  the  force  of  water  admitted  from  i 

a  fioom,  constructed  parallel  with  the  lock,  and  when  * 

suspended,  forming,  a  section  of  the  dam.     When  tlie  \ 

floom  was  closed,  the  water  beneath  the  gates  passed  -" 

otf,  and  they  fell  by  their  own  w-cight,  and  the  pies-  *. 
sure  of  the  llu.d  f  om  the  dams.     The  dam  ser  v'cd  a 

double  purpose^  forming  pools  of  navigable  water.  | 

and  reservoirs.  At  fixed  periods  the  arks  were  passed  * 

with  great  rapidity  through  the  sluices;  and  tjie  sud-  * 

deu  ciliux  of  water  gave  additional  depth  and  v'clociiy  | 

to  the  stream  belo\'/    These  sluices,  admirably  adap';  1 


'..  HTSTOPY    OF    CAilBON    COUNTY.  197 

^(1  to  the  original  plan,  iiave  proved  inefficient  for 
canal  navigation,  and  have  been,  in  a  great  measure;, 
and  ])erhaps  aUogether,  abandoned.  From  Flaston, 
the  arks  pursued  the  natural  channel  of  the  river  to 
Trenton,  whence  a  steamboat  towed  them  to  the  city 
in  gangs  of  oiglitecn  or  twenty  together.  The  arks, 
emptied  of  their  freight,  M^ere  broken  up  and  sold,  at 
a  considerable  loss  to  tiie  comi)any.  These  arks  were 
rectangular  biu'ges,  sixteen  feet  wide  by  twenty  l'et;t 
in  length,  connected  by  iron  hinges,  so  that  they  ac- 
commodated themselves  tu  the  motion  of  the  AVaves. 

"  During  this  amelioration  of  tlie  navigation,  l\n- 
coal  company  erected  mills  for  grinding  grain  and 
sawing  lumber,  anti  tbe  buildings  necessary  for  shel- 
tering their  woik  j) -ople.  A  large  quantity  of  coal 
Was  nncovered  at  the  mine,  by  removing  from  its 
surface  a  gravelly  loam,  from  a  few  inches  to  four 
feet  in  depth,  and  disintegrated  slate  from  two  to  four 
feet.  This  process  h  is  l)ecn  continued,  until  the  ex- 
cavation has  a  supei-ficial  area  -of  ten  acres,  and  a 
depth  varying  iVom  diirtv'  to  se\  enty  feet.  A  road 
was  made  totlh'  simmiit  of  the  moumain, distant  troui 
die  river  nine  miles,  which  wiis  soon  alter  paved  with 
stone,  or  tutupiked  in  the  best  manner,  upon  which 
seven  tons  of  coal  were  conveyed  with  ease,  on  t\V(j 
wagons  drawn  liy  I'oar  horses. 

''In  18:i0,  till?  two  comi)aiiies  were  amalgamated 
under  the  title  (»f  "  T'lC  Lc/iii(/i  Coal  and  Navlij^atioi, 
Cotnpanij  \^'  and  Messrs.  White  &  Hazcird,  having 
in  the  interim  acquired  the  interest  of  Mr.  Hants, 
they  obtained  tor  themsehes  in  the  union,  the  privi- 
leges which  liad  been  reserved  in  the  original  organi- 
zation of  the  separate  companies. 

"By.  an  act  ot'  assembly  passed  13th  February, 
1832,  the  Lehigh  Coal  m\i[  Navigation  Company  was 
incorporateil,  iiiid  the  property  of  the  j^rior  associa- 
atioii^,.  ami  tin'  i)iivileges  created  by  the  act  of  181.^, 
were  iuv('st(,'d  iri  rliein.  Their  capital  stock  was  limi- 
ted to  (5-1,000,000,  chvKled  into  shares  of  $50  each , 
an  I  ■  f  ihi'-.  cnpital,  their  funner  proj)erty  ft)rmed  pan 


198 


HV    OF    CAIIBON    COUNTY. 


They  were  eaipowered  to  commence  a  slack  watc 
navigation  upon  the  l.eliigh,  within  a  year  iV(,ui  tiip 
date  ot  the  act.  To  this  company  Messrs.  \V  ^  II 
became  p.iriics,  as  sim^)le  stockliolders  meruly. 

"To  lucilitate  the  ascent  of  liie  river, tiie  comparr 
?esolved  on  a  lock  navigation,  on  which  steam  hoai^ 
might  be  cmj)loycd.     Accordingly  a  l..ck  was  built 

in ]  S2-.  at  IManch  Chunk,  measuring  oik   Jm-i- 

dred and  (hmy-iive  lectin  length, and  thirty  in  n-jdil, 
and  the  canal,  ot  m,ore  than  a  mile  m  len-th,  annexed 
to  It,  Avaaexcavatod  five  feet  deep,  and  its  baidv.  lined     1 
withstojie.     I^ui  as  tliis  mode  was  very  evpm-ivp      ) 
and  the  state  had  commenced  the  Delawarr  .anal     j 
fromEasion  h,  VmsuA,  a  change  in  the  plan  L  came     \ 
exppdient;    and  m    \S21,  the   company  haviM^    lu-     j 
creased  Uiuu"  j'unds  by  the  sale  of  ten  thousand  sh'a's 
the  balance  ni  then-  capital,  determined  on  inakin-  a     ' 
canal  navjgali..n,  which  should  correspond  u  iih  Sic 
Delaware  canal     This  great  work,  extendin-  iVoi,. 
Easion  to  JNIauch  Chmdc.a  distance  of  ibriy-siv  u'lU- 
and  ihriMi  quarters,  consisting  of  tuu  nnles  of  ppol  ■'     I 
and  thiriy-six  milts  and  thn-e  cpiartes  of  canal ..  wv^      • 
connnenced  m  the  snmmer  of  ls-7,  and  was  in  (  muH-     ! 
tion  to  auihoii'.c  tho  ciaupany  to  exact  toll  llaiv,;;!      I 
m  July,  182IJ.     The  can^l  is  five  Ibet  deep,  Ibri  --fiv,.      j 
leet  wide  at  Uie    bottom,  and   sixty  feet  at  U.\i-  the 
banks   are  inn,  and   lined  chiefly  with  sloj..^  :'  the      ' 
ocks  arc  twen!y-two  Ibet  wide,  and  one  huiuhvd  uh  t      1 
long,  and   are  adapted  to  pass  boats,  suited  10  rlir      ) 
JJelaware  caiiH,  m  ].an-s.     The  ascent  of  three  ban-      j 
dred  and  sixty-lonr  fbet,  is  overcome    by  fifti-fnu- 
locks  and  nine  dams.      The  whole  of  the  nvc  r  im-       ' 
provement,  Irom  its  commencement,  as  a  des.vn  Jn.u      , 
navigaluai,  to  us  final  cnn.pletion,  as  above,  iiu  hidi)ia 
the  amonnl  paid  .0  WJnte  &  Ila'/ard  fbr  thoir  pro":       ! 
perty,  rights  and  privileges,  and  the  extm-ni  .binent 
01  Hants    claims,  cost  about   $l„558,000.  ^  'I  be  toll 
houses  erected  aloi.g  the  canal,  are  of  the  rnnsi  sub- 
^tantiPl  and  comfonabie  l^ind  ;  and  in  the  con^plotio;. 
31    tliiv  JiObic  ^vork,  hi  Uu-  langua-e  of  tb-  iK'tiii<- 


HISTOf.V    01'     CARBON    COUNTY.  199 

manager,  '  theic  has  been  no  money  expended  for 
oiiianient,  lliough  no  money  has  been  spared  to  render 
il  sound  and  ])ernianent.' 

"huving  thus  noticed  the  operations  of  tliis  enter- 
prising coni])any,  in  ini[)roving  tlie  Lehigh  from 
Eastoii  to  ]\I;iU'h  Chunk,  we  proceed  to  consider 
tlieir  labors  more  immediately  connected  witii  the 
raising  and  shipment  of  tlie  coal, 

"Maucli  Chunk  momitain  rises  precipitately  from 
the  Lehigh  river,  wheie  il  is  also  the  head  of  the  Nes- 
quihoning  mouiiiiiii!,  v>'hir-.h,  at  a  short  distance  from 
the  river,  diverces  iVoni  M;aieh  Chunk  proper,towards 
the  N.  W.  The  j\Laiich  Chunk  extends  S.  W.  about 
thirteen  miles,  to  the  Little  Schuylkill  river,  which 
divides  it  Irom  the  'J'uscarora  mountains.  Panthei 
creek  separates  it  on  the  rKnlh  from  the  radiating  liill 
of  Nesquihoning,  and  the  Mauch  Chunk  creek  divides 
it  from  the  Malioning  on  the  south.  The  vallies 
througli  which  these  creeks  run,  are  deep  and  narrow. 
Exi>loratons  have  been  made  in  various  parts  of  this 
mountain,  and  coal  bus  bten  discovered  through  its 
wlutlti  extent. 

''  The  geological  sti  iicture  of  this  coal  formation  is 
extremely  simple.  The  upper  rock  is  commonly  a 
sand  stone,  or  a  fragmentary  aggregate,  of  which  the 
parts  are  more  or  less  coarse  or  fine  in  dillerent  situa- 
tions. In  this  region  there  is  much  pudding  stone,  or 
conglomerate,  and  nmch  that  would  be  called  gray- 
wacke,  by  most  .  geologists.  In  these  aggregates 
the  parts  are  of  every  size,  from  large  pebbles  to 
.sand.  The  pebbles  are  chieily  quartz;  and  even  in, 
the  firmest  rocks  are  round,  and  appear  to  have  been 
worn  by  attrition.  The  cement  is  silicious,  and  the 
masses  frecptently  possess  great  firmness,  resembling 
the  mill  stone  grit,  and  SiUid  stones  of  the  English 
coal  measur(!s.  Oenei'ith  this  rock  there  is  usually 
some  variety  of  argillaceous  slate,  which  commonly, 
though  not  aniversolly,  forms  the  roof  of  the  coal; 
iiometimes  the  sand  stone  is  directly  in  contact  witl.' 


i. 


200  inSTOKY    '.f    CAKnON    COUNTV.  \    I 

the  coals,  (ho  t-laio  being  oniitted.      The  slate  aL^t* 
forms  tliti  jIco;. 

"  The  groat  luiho,  as  has  already  been  observed,  i>: 
at  the  sumniil  of  the  mountain.  The  coal  is  ua- 
■covered,  an  .1  fairly  laid  open  to  view,  and  lies  in  stu-- 
pendous  maii;sey,  wliieh  are  worked  in  the  open  air,    '  *  , 

as  in  a  stoiic  quarry.     The  excavation  is  in  an  anuu-  ) 

lar  area,  and  entered  at  dillerent  points  by  roads  cur  I  ' 

through  the  coal,  in  some  places  quite  down  to  tlic  ( 

lowest  level.     The  greatest  ascertained  thickne.'^.-,  oi  ■ 

the  coc'il  is  fifty-four  feet;  in  one  place,  it  is  sup](0^0(i  i  . 

to  be  one  hundrcil ;  but  is  connnordy  from  twi'lve  to  ) 

Ihirty-five  feet.     Several  banks  of  tliese  dimension^'  f  i 

are  exposed,  inUiruplcid  only  by  thin  seams  of  ^liitu,  ( 

running  i^aialkl   v/iib   the  strata.     'J^ie  latter  arc  in-  | 
elined  generally  ;a  angles,  from  five  to  fifteeu  degri  es, 
and  folloN\^  with  great  regularity  the  external  form  n( 

the   mountain.       In   some   places   they   are    saddle  > 

shaped;    hi  son;-'  juLsilions   they  and  the  attend;iiit  i' 

strata  are  wondofully  contorted  and  broken  ;  ami  in  ', 

one  place,  b()th 'lie   vertiral,  yet  at  a  tiluirt  disi;ii.!C::  f 
n.'turn  to  the  geiu'ral  arrangomont.     It  is  im))o.s.-iij(<.' 

(.0  avoid  the  hnpiession  that  some  great  force  has  di;-:-  4 

tm-bed  the  original  formation,  by  elevating  or  dejues-  f ' 

sing  the  strata."  "  » 

"The  entranous  to  the  nhne  are  numbered.  Ai  No  I, 

3,  is  a  perpendicular  section  through  all  the  stiutu,  [ 

down  to  the  flooring  of  slate  ;  and  the  graywackc,  the  I ,; 

slate  and  the  co;  1,  ap;  all  raised  on  edge.     The  sivata  r. 

are  in  some  plm  •  b  vertical,  in  others,  curved  or  \'/av-  ; 

hig,  and  they  art    broken  in  two  at  the  ui)per  ])art,  i 

and  bent  in  opposite  directions."  V 

"•Professor  Siiiiman  ayks,  "  Has  subterranean  ii;-.-  ^ 

produced  these  extmordinary  locations?      It   w^  uld  j 

seem,"  lie  adds, -' to  lavor  tliis  view,  that  the  gray-  { 

wacke  lias,  in  some  places,  contiguous  to  the  coal.  Hie  ' 

appearance  of  having  been  baked;  it  appears  i-idii-  \ 
rated,  is  Jiarsh  and  dry,  and   is  inflated  with  VL.sicies, 

as  if  gas,  produced  :.nd  rarified  l)y  heat,  was  .iruu-  L 

■Jing  to  escape."     This  is  a  lenqiliiig  oi»iiorluiMiy  tr.  * 


HI3T0KY    OF    C.vRP.ON    COUNTY.  201 

indulge  in  speciilalioii  on  ihe  origin  of  coal  measures 
generally.  But  the  liiniis  of  our  volume  hnpc\  us  to 
forbearance.  Yet  Ave  will  avail  ourselves  of  the  oc- 
casion to  say,  that  we  adopt  the  general  opinion,  that 
coal  is  a  vegetable  deposit,  composed  of  masses  of 
timber,  collected  by  poweri'ul  currents  of  water ;  and, 
that  we  now  behold  new  coal-beds  forming  in  many 
of  the  western  v/af-rs.  v/Ihm'c  5niles  of  rafts  are  form- 
ed, sunken  to  uiilaunA  u  depths,  and  covered  with 
strata  of  earth,  variously  comjxised.  How  far  thesf^ 
immense  aggregates  of  vt-it^iation  may,  in  the  course 
of  time,  become  causes  of  >iil)iurraneau  fires,  we  will 
not  attempt  to  conjecture.  ]hn,  that  extraneous  vol- 
canic force  may  give  new  forms  to  the  regions  in 
which  they  lie,  we  dci-m  j^robable,  and  that  at  some; 
future — ]ierhaps  very  remote  period,  these  beds  of 
timber,  convert/.'d  into  coal,  and  tlieir  intermediate 
and  incumbent  strata  of  earth  turned  into  rock,  may 
be  u[)raised  and  brolv'i:U  into  tho  various  Ibrms  which 
distinguish  the  anthi-;.i'i(e  couiUry  ot'  Pennsylvania. 
Such  a  process  M'l-  (.-oi.ceivt;  wouUl  be  but  a  repetition 
of  that,  which  (.ontiifulinl  to  the  lt)rniation  of  the 
Maucli  Chiudv  mounts' in. 

''  There  are  railroads  leading  through  the  mine,  for 
the  purpose  of  conveying  the  coal  to  the  main  road; 
and  others  on  which  the  rel'use  coal,  rocks,  and  rut)- 
bish,  arc  made  to  descend  in  cars,  by  gravity,  to  dit- 
ferent  i)oints,  at  which  such  materials  are  discharged 
down  the  side  of  the  mountain.  These  rail  ways  are 
conlimied  over  the  Vidleys,  and  the  rubljish  thrown 
from  them  has  already  Ibrmed  about  a  dozen  artilicial 
hills,  sliaped  like  a  steep  root', and  terminating  almo:>t 
abrupUy  in  a  descent  of  hundreds  of  feet.  The  cars 
are  guided,  each  by  mie  man,  who  at  a  proper  place, 
knocks  open  oiie  end.  and  diseharges  the  h^ad.  In 
some  instances  cars  iiavc  rim  olf  I'rom  the  end  of  th.- 
rail  way, and  the  guides  h.ive  been  thrown  down  the 
moumain  ;  I.-ut,  f  Uing  r.niong  loose  rubbish,  siuh  ac 
cidents  hnvo  nor  proved  I'aial 

■  n.-ides  die  in''oinbustible  reluse,  there  is  smai- 


202  nisroRY  of  cauuon^  countf. 

and  inferior  coal  enough  here,  to  supply  the  fuel  ib:  \j 

a  large  city  lor  years.  It  is  not  now  sutficiently  valu-  f •*, 

able  for  transportation.  Small  coal  is  used  sucessl'ully  j. 

at  Mauch  Chunk  and  elsewhere,  in  burning  lime,  and  ■■ ; 

at  some  future  day  may  be  advantageously  empkA'cd  f. 

in  other  manulaetures.  |^ 

"Two  niines  have  been  recently  opened  witltin  a  ^ 

niile  of  the  laree  one;  they  are  portions  of  the  sarue  f 

areat  ma:->\  and  ]>reseni  an  inexhaustible  supply  of  1; 

iael.  f 

''^Notwiih.-tauding  this  great  abundance  of  coal  up-^  | 

on  tlie  summit,  hopes  of  procuring  it  from  a  pait  of  ■ 
the  mount  tin  la-arer  to  navigation,  have  induced  ifie 
•'company"  to  /.xcavate  a  tunnel  two  hundred  feet 
below  the  preripituus  ridge,  and  within  two  and  a 
half  miles  of  Mauch  Chunk.  This  great  eiiterpri:^e 
was  comn.enced  on  the  1st  JNhirch,  1824,  before  the 
construction  of  the  rail  way  to  the  "great  mine,"  un- 
der the  impression  that  the  coal  strata  here  dijwecl 
to  the  soulh.  'i'liis  supposition  i)roved  erroneous,  <;i:d 
the  company,  I'o;    that  and  oUier  reasons,  suspei.d'jd 

their  labors.     'I'he  tunnel  is  10  feet  wide,  8  feet  high,  | 

and  penetrates  the  mountain  through  bard  pudding  | 

.stone,  790  feet.     Three  thousand  seven  hundred  and  | 

forty-fivo  ,)-2T  cubic  yards  of  stone  have  been  reniov-  | 

ed,  at  an  expense  of  $i2(J_,81.2,  or  $1   IG  per  cidiic  ^ 

yard,  or  $33  Vl  the  lineal  foot.     The  following  state-  | 

iuent  of  the  pariiculars  of  cost,  may  prove  useful  to  | 

jiersons  disposed  to  a  similar  undertaking.  The  v/ork  ; 

was  suspended  on  the  JUh  June,  1827.  I 

i}3, 129  3-4  days  labor,  including  two,  and              •  j 

sometimes  fuur    smiths,  making  and  ~; 

dres.sin-  tools,           .         .         -         -     $18,(i()7   iy  j 

Tools  and  malurials  for  them,       -         -         3,785  SfJ  s 

5,21  kegs  of  powd'.T,    -          -          -          -           1,831    00  | 

Candles  and  oil  l'(>r  light,      -         -         -            81fi71  j 

Liunb(;r  (Ihv   i'.ir-i.i].es   and   odier   fix-  1 

turos.j    fauiing    tools   and   materials,  t 

end  sno].'lic5  foiiiands,     -         -         -.           JOS  5-t  I 


iriSTOP.Y    OF    CARUON    COUNTT.  203 

968  days,  one  horse  blov/iiig  wind,       -  160  80 

Sui>ei-iiiteiHlance,         _         -         _         .  (jso  00 


$2  6,8 12  00 
"  Shafts  wore  suuk  eiglity  feet  in  the  table  land,  a( 
the  base  of  the  narrow-  lucky  ridge;  and  good  coal 
was  found  after  peiielrating  seven  feet  of  earth  and 
slate.  Coal  has  beeti  struck  in  the  horizontal  tunnel, 
and  though  it  is  not  deemed  expedient  to  work  it,  the 
expenditure  has  not  been  in  vain.  The  tuiuiel  will 
serve  to  drain,  and  give  access  to  the  great  coal  bed 
above  it. 

"When  the  comj'uny  became  satisfied  of  the  pre- 
sent inexpediency  of  making  further  progress  witli 
the  tunnel,  tjiey  resolved  to  lay  a  rail  way  from 
Mauch  Chunk  to  die  great  mine,  which  they  com- 
menced under  the  direction  of  the  indefutigable  Mr. 
White,  their  manager,  on  the  8th  of  Jamtary,  1827, 
and  finished,  so  as  to  pass  the  first  load  of  coal  down 
the  whole  line,  in  tiiree  months  and  twenty-six  days. 
''The  raihxKul  conunences  at  the  Lehigh  river,  anii 
ascends  at  (In:  rate  m'  1  loot  in  3  1-2  of  the  slant;  tlu: 
whole  asceiu  to  the  top  of  the  promontory  is  215feei, 
and  the  slant  700.  The  loaded  wagons  descend  this 
inclined  plane  to  the  river.  At  the  top  of  the  hill  is  a 
building,  containing  the  machinery,  by  which  their 
descent  is  governed;  the  most  important  part  oi 
which  is  a  large  cylinder,  revolving  horizontally,  and 
serving  to  wind  the  rope  attached  to  the  ears.  The 
latter  are  rolled  by  lumd  on  a  circular  platform,  Avhich., 
revolving  horizontally  upon  a  perpendicular  axis 
brings  the  wagon  upon  a  line  with  the  inclined  i)laiie 
upon  which  they  are  launched.  The  raj)idity  of  their 
progress  is  in  a  measure  checked,  by  the  weight  of  an 
ascending  empty  w^agjn.  which  being  fastened  at  the 
otiier  end  of  the  rope,  and  moving  on  a  parallel  niil 
way  on  the  same  piaiie,necessarily  mounts  as  rapidly 
as  the  einply  one  descends;  and  wlien  it  arrives  at 
the  top,  it  is  transferred  to  die  up]ier  rail  way  by 
iPXiTj!:;    of^  the   circular   platform.     But   this   \nni\dl 


\ 


07,02 '6 
'I'otal  length  of  single  tracks,  12  (ifi5-1000  miles  = 

'J'lic  co.st  oi'  iIk;    road   was  $38,7.'J(i  =  !lr3,0o0  p'.r 
mile. 

Cosl  ol   iKe  rL'sorvuH',  brake,  shute   and   llxiiirt'ci, 
69,500. 

WiloleCuSl,         ----_.       $J^^^..;;, 

The  saving  mucle   by  diis  mode  ot' transpoilatiiMi. 
•vei-  (l;al   on  a  ^l.Uif;  turnpike  road,  of  the  [»::.  coy^^ 


204                   lliSTOUy    ')P    CARBON    COUNTT.  % 

(^omilei'poiso  is  insuiiicient  to  moderate  properly  ihf..  M 

i;peed  of  the  doscomling  car.     Tliis  object  is  etiectu-  ^ 

ally  gained  by  an  iron  band  which  clasps  the  drum,  'k 

find  which,  compressed  by  a  lever,controls  its  mouon.  ^ 

Accidents  have  been  rare  in  this  descent,  but  the  cars  k 

have  sometiuies  deviated,  or  broken  loose,  and  one  * 

man  has  bucn  killed.  'I'hey  are  now  guarded  ag;iiiist  | 

by  a  very  snnple.  yei  ingenious  contrivance.  TIk  V'u]  l 

way  is  doablu.  iiniil  the  most  rapid  ]Ka1  of  the  de-  | 

.•icent  is  pr.ssed:  when  both  ways  ciu've  and  uniu>  in  ^ 
<^ne.  Shoiikl  ;i  wagon  break  loose,  its  momertuii! 
will  be  so  L"t,;.t  U-,  It)  prevent  its  following  the  edjve, 
and  as  soon  as  J!  reaches  this  spot,  it  is  thrown  out, 
overturned  and  indged  onaclay  bank,  Ibrmed  fortjii,-; 
purpose  behnv  Faithur  do^v'n,  a  bulwark  js  ..on- 
structed,  overanhing   the  rail  way,  to  iiUercepl  the 

loose  coal  as  it  ilies  iVorn  the  wagon.     When  the  car  j 

arrives  at  the  foot  of  the   in-clined   plane,   it   ]jil  ;hes  I 

into  a  downwaj'l  curve  in  the  rail  way,  and  a  pro|ci.i-  I 

ing    bar,  which  secures  the    lower  end  of   the  ear,  | 

wiiic.h,  for  this  purpose,  is  hung  on  a  horizontal  ;.;xi-.  \ 

liuock's  it    opieii.  and   the  coal  slides  down  a   .-uep  | 

wooden  funnel,  mlo  the  boat  or  ark,  which  receding  i 

from  the  shore   l^y  the  impulse  thus  given  to  it,  e.  ca-  | 

:-5ions  the  coal  to  sj)read  evenly  over  its  bottom.  • 

The    length    ot'  the   main    railroad,   Irom  | 

Mauch    Ghuiiii.   to  the  west  end  of  the  i 

coal  mine,  is  nine  miles,  or           -         -     47,5-J'' u  ] 

Length  of  braneli  roads  to  the  mine,        -       S,0(,f)  j 

J{oads,  and  theii  braiiehos  in  the  mine,   -     11,4:37  ? 


HISTORY    OV    CAUIiON    COUNTY.  205 

struction,  on  a  portage  of  in  lie  miles,  is  sixty-four  cent? 
and  three  quarters  per  ton,  wliicli,  after  deducting  the 
interesi  on  the  cosi  of  tire  improvement,  produced  a 
saving  in  the  remainder  of  the  season,  after  its  com- 
pletion, of  more  diaa  iti  15,000,  and  tiie  road,  in  less 
tJiun  three  years  use,  has  overpaid  its  cost.  Tlie  ac- 
tual cost  of  transportation  on  this  road,  is  thus  stated 
by  Mr.  White,  in  his  report  of  1st  January,  1829,  ex- 
clusive of  tolls  OL'  repairs  : 

Mules  and  liorse.i  cc;jt  1  1-3  cents  per  ton,  per  mile. 
Hands,  1  l-;3  do. 

Hepainng  wagons,  J  3  do» 

Oil,  "  1-5  do. 

"  53-100  cents  per  ton,  per  rnilt. 
full  load  one  way,  and  \\u.  whole  cost  divided  into 
the  distance  one  wa/  only.  The  wear  and  tear  ot 
the  road  is  estimated,  upon  three  years  use,  at  1  cent 
per  ton,  i)er  mile,  making  the  whole  cost  of  transpor- 
tation, interest  excluded,  4  53-100  per  nrile.  He  esti- 
mates the  cost  of  transportation,  by  canal,  in  boats  of 
forty  tons  burthen,  at  one  cent  per  ton,  ])er  nnle,  full 
load  one  way,  and  reluming  empty. 

The  rail  way  is  ot"  tiinher,  about  twenty  feet  long, 
four  inches  by  five,  and  set  in  cross  pieces,  made  oi 
cloven  tfees,  placed  three  and  a-half .  feet  distance 
from  each  other,  and  secm'cd  by  Avedges*  The  rail  is 
shod  on  the  up})er  and  inner  edge,  with  a.  flat  bar  of 
iron,  two  and  a  quarter  inches  wide,  five-eighths  ot' 
an  inch  thick.  These  being  bedded  on  the  turnpike 
road,  for  the  greater  part  of  the  way,  are  very  firm 
and  durable.  This  excellent  stone  roadigave  the  com- 
pany great  facility  in  making  the  rail  way,  and  en- 
abled them  to  complete  it  in  the  very  short  time  em- 
ployed about  it.  The  beiglit  surmounted  by  the  rail- 
road, above  the  inclined  plain,  is  7ti7  feet  in  eight  and 
a  quarter  miles,  equal  to  about  one  degrx3e  of  acclivity 
in  the  mile.  Tlicro  are  two  places  for- turning  out, 
made  as  usual,  by  a  curved  railroad,  lying  agahist  the 
main  one,  and  fnnndng  an  irregular  segment  of  a 
circIe^  .esthig  upon  iis  cord.     If  carriages  meet  on  th  i 


20^6  HIsTOKif    OP    CARBON    COUNTY. 


road,  ihc;  ligljtcr  luust  return  to  the  place  of  tcjiJng 
out,  or  be  removed  from  the  railway  track,  ^i'liis 
sometimes  happens  with  the  pleasure  cars. 

Upon  fliis  road  the  coal  is  conveyed  from  the  mine 
to  Mauch  Chiinlv  village,  in  cars  set  on  four  cast  iron 
wheels,  about  two  and  a-half  feet  in  diameter,  each 
containing  0:10  ton  and  a  half  of  coal.  FourtLen.  of 
these  are  CDniieeted  together  by  iron  bars,  adnjiinng 
a  slight  ilegree  of  motion  between  two  contigiioas 
•cars,  and  arc  conducted  by  a  single  man  on  on.;  i>f 
them,  who  regulates  their  movements  by  a  vlw  I 
simple  cnnlrivanc',;.  A  perpendicular  lever  ca'i-cs  a 
piece  of  wood  to  jjress  against  the  circumference  ol 
each  wheel  on  the  sante  side  of  the  car,  acting  both 
ways  from  tlie  central  point  between  them,  so  tliut  by 
increasing  the  ])rebsure,  the  I'riction  retanls  or  stopf-  1 
the  motion,  and  as  all  the  levers  iire  connected  by  a  4 
rope, they  are  made  to  act  in  concert.  The  ob:'jjver  1 
is  much  inleruiicd  in  beholding  the  successive  groups  I 
of  wagons  moving  raj)idly  in  procession,  without  ap-  j 
parent  cause.  They  are  heard  at  a  considerabla  flis-  i 
tance  as  ihey  i' mic  thvuidering  along  wiili  thei.-  dark  \ 
burdens,  and  give  an  impression  of  irresistable  e?iiM-  | 
gy.  At  a  t>uita])lu  distance  follows  another  train,  and  | 
thus  from  300  lo  310  tons  a  day  are  discharged  into  1 
the  boats.  At  iirst,  the  cars  descended  at  the  r;ite  oi  \ 
fifteen  or  twenty  miles  an  hour;  but  tlie  speed  v/as  i 
reduced,  as  ii  iiijiu-ed  the  machines,  and  by  agitatins  j 
and  wearing  th':;  coal,  involved  tlie  driver  in  a  cloud  j 
of  black  dust.  The  empty  cars  are  drawn  back  by  i 
nudes,  eight  to  a  gang  of  Iburteen  wagons.  Twenty-  | 
eight  mules  druw  ujj  forty-two  coal,  and  seven  nnilo  , 
wagons ;  and  the  arrangement  is  so  made,  thia  the  | 
ascending  parlios  ^liall  arrive  in  due  season,  at  the  i 
proper  places  for  hnning  out.  This  is  the  case  v/iih  i 
the  pleasure  cars,  and  the  line  of  stages  which  pass  \ 
by  this  route  through  Tarnaque,  and  by  the  Schuyl-  'i 
kill  valley  railroad  "to  Pottsville.  I 

"The  nudes  ride  down  the  railway.  They  .'..e  far-        | 
iii:5lied   '.viih  jn-ovcnder,  i)laced  in  proper   m.'.;i,;cit:. 


w. 


lli'jTORY    CP    CARBON    COUNTY.  207 


four  of  them  being  enclosed  in  one  pen,  mounted  on 
wheels;  and  seven  of  tlicse  cars  are  connected  into 
one  group,  so  that  twenty-eight  mules  constitute  the 
party  which,  with  their  heads  directed  down  the 
momitaiii,  and  apparently  surveying  its  fine  land- 
scapes, move  rapidly  along  the  inclined  plane,  with  a 
ludicrous  gravity,  which  when  seen  for  the  first  time, 
proves  too  much  for  tlie  severest  muscles. 

"The  mules  rcadiiy  perform  their  duty  of  drawing 
up  the  empty  cars,  bui  having  experienced  tiie  com- 
fort of  riding  down,  they  seem  to  regard  it- as  a  right. 
and  very  reluctantly  descend  any  other  way.  The 
speed  first  adopted  in  travelling  the  rail  way,  injured 
the  health  of  the  mules  and  horses  employed  on  it, 
but  the  moderate  rale  of  six  or  seven  miles  the  hour, 
at  present  used,  does  not  alfect  them. 

"The  pleasure  of  the  traveller  on  returning  in  tlie 
I  'f  pleasure  car,  is  mingled  with  a  sense  of  danger.  The 
eight  miles,  from  the  summit,  are  frequently  run  in 
thirty  minutes,  and  some  parts  of  the  road  are  passed 
over  at  a  still  greater  speed,  nor  is  the  danger  appa- 
rent only.  The  axK;s  of  the  coal  cars  have  been 
broken,  and  like  accidents  may  occur  to  those  of  the 
pleasure  carriages.  In  one  instance,  at  least,  a  carri- 
age has  been  thrown  from  the  road,  and  the  passen- 
gers iiurt,  but  fortunately,  not  very  severely.  Du(! 
care,  however,  is  taken  by  the  proprietors  to  keep  ihe 
pleasure  cars  in  good  repair,  and  to  entrust  them  to 
careful  guides,  who  cheerfully  conform  to  the  wishes 
of  the  passengers,  rehuive  to  the  rale  of  progress. 

"With  the  exhanslless  mines  of  the  Mauch  Chunk, 
and  the  admirable  means  of  transporting  their  pro- 
duct, the  company  might  have  reposed  in  lull  confi- 
dence of  an  ultimate  and  siJcedy  and  ])rofitable  return 
for  their  great  expenditure.  But  their  vigilant  prc- 
voyant  and  energetic  acting  manager,  has  tbund 
means  to  take  a  bond  of  faie,  and  to  hasten  tliis  result 
by  the  discovtuy  and  development  of  new  mine:, 
upon  the  adjacent  Nesquih.)ningmountain,four  niiles 
near.;;  lo  the  lauding  of  iVl?.uch  Chunk,  and  extremely 


20S  MIrir')i;Y'    OF    CARBON    COUNTY. 

lucile  ui  opiT;itii;ii.  la  a  defile  ot'  the  nioiiiiu'.i  :, 
through  u'hich  pusses  a  sparkhug  and  boundhig  rivii- 
iet,  called  ''  Rnot/i  run,"  a  name  soon  to  be  as  laaious 
as  "  3Iaunch  C/ntn/c,"  some  twenty  veins  of  coal 
have  beenex]jlored,  varying  in  thickness  I'rom  live  to 
■fifty  feet,  Tiiakiug  an  aggregate  of  more  than  dnee 
hundrcLi  feet,  nearly  live  times  the  thickness  i.f  the 
grecti  mine.  This  coal  field  is  supposed  to  be  a  'on- 
tiimation  of  diaL  ol  Mauch  Chunk,  from  which  it  i.s 
distant  bttv;ecii  four  and  five  miles.  Some  of  dicsu 
veins  liavu  been  trnced  three  and  a  half  miles  aloi.g 
the  muatitain.  .Vli  of  them  are  accessible  abcvc  the 
water  level ,  sjnic  of  them  have  great  facilili's  lea 
drainage,  and  :ire  jtrovitled  with  most  desirable  rook 
andfloi))s  of  slute,  which  render  them  siisceiJiib'.e  of 
cheap  e\<;avatiMii.  This  is  especially  the  case  oi'  a 
tweiity-eighl  f'el  vi-in,  into,  which  three  openings  at 
dilferent  eleva lions  have  been  made,  whence  oal  vX 
tile  first  quality  and  highest  lustre  has  been  l;d;.;!i. 
Other  veins  aitproach  so  near  the  surface  of  the  moan- 
tain,  pariicuhiily  Ihe  vein  of  fifty  feet,  that  it  may  f;.' 
best  wrimght  l\  uncovering,  after  the  manner  of  Jm. 
gteat  mine.  And  this  labor  has  accordingly  f-jcn 
commencetl.  It  has  been  observed  that  the  most 
solid,  homogeii>ous  and  ])erfcct  masses  of  coal  iin.ve 
been  found  under  the  thick  strata  of  slate,  vidi  a 
sharp  d'n-.  aud  diat  solt  and  pliable  coal  is  to  h\i  ex- 
pected beneath  an  earthly  and  porous  covering.  fl:'- 
cause  of  this  dilference  would  seem  to  be,  that  u.  ilic 
first  case  the  atmospheric  water  is  excluded  tiom  thci 
coal,  and  is  car: led  away  by  the  upper  surface  ol  the 
slate  strata,  whilst  in  the  second,  it  percolate.^  utul 
softens  the  coal, dividing  it  into  small  particles,  V/huh 
adhere  feebly  to  each  other. 

Professor  SiUima a  describes  a  peculiar  formation  o; 
the  great  bed  of  fifty  feet,  and  its  contiguous  strraa. 
They  rise  in  form  of  a  iiaif  ellipse,  placed  ou  end 
with  the  curve  uppermost;  the  form,  of  the  moinUaiu 
of  which  they  arc  part.  There  is  here,  he  observes, 
the  most  striking  opperauce,  that  these  strata  have 


m 


HISiOUr    01'    CAKIION    COUNTY,  209 

^een  raised  by  force  from  beneath ;  and  it  is  difficult 
to  avoid  tiie  conviction  tliat  they  were  also  broken  at 
the  top  ;  for  at  the  upp^r  end  of  the  stratnm  of  coal, 
there  is  a  huge  rock,  twenty  feet  in  two  of  its  dimen- 
sions, and  five  or  six  in  the  other,  which  has  been 
broken  olT  from  the  roof  reck,  a  graywacke  of  which 
it  is  part,  and  f.tllen  in ;  and  the  coal  seems  then  to 
have  closed  all  aroimd  and  shut  it  in  on  all  sides,  ex- 
cept, that  in  one  plaoe  on  the  right  hand  a  little  below 
the  top,  the  rup'iure  is  continued  to  the  surface,  and 
tJiat  place  was  then  filled  and  concealed  ])y  the  loose 
rubbisli  and  so;I,  as  was  also  the  rock  above,  ^'hese 
•circumstances,  lie  conceives,  confirm  strongly  the 
truth  of  the  su|)poshioii,  that  an  upheaving  torce,  ex- 
erted with  great  energy,  has  bent,  dislocated  and 
broken  the  strata. 

"  This  vein  is  broken  by  the  ravine,  and  worn 
down  by  tlie  stream  wiiich  passes  through  it,  but  re- 
apj)ears  on  the  opposite  side,  where  it  assumes  a  form 
more  curious  and  extraordinary.  The  strata,  as  in 
the  corresponding  part,  radiate  from  the  surface,  and 
the  interior  ui)|u;r  angle,  so  fur  as  it  has  been  un- 
covered, is  filled  with  b.iiid  stone, arranged  in  reversed 
tXJiicentric  archer,  laid  so  regularly  as  to  liave  the 
appearance  of  having  been  placed  by  art.  The 
writer  saw  three  of  these  arches,  and  the  abutting 
parts  of  a  fouiih;  the  remainder  of  the  last  was 
covered  by  earvh.  The  stones  of  the  respective 
arches  increase  their  dimensions  with  the  size  of  the 
arch.  I'lie  form  of  these  arches  would  seem  to  mili- 
tate against  the  hypothesis  of  an  eccentric  force^  un- 
less we  presume,  what  is  probably  true,  that  the 
gravitation  of  the  slraui  in  opposite  angles  of  about 
forty-five  degrees,  produce  this  result. 

"To  avail  themselve?  in  the  best  manner, of  these 
new  treasures,  die  company  have  made  a  railway  of 
five  miles. 

"  This  road  follows  the  curve  of  the  mountain  along 
the  Lehigh,  for  about  two  miles,  and  then  still  wijid- 
ing  Avith  ih'e  mountHiU;,  tnins  easterly  and  runs  parai- 
N 


210  HIii'Ol.Y    OF    CARBON    COUNTY. 

Id  with  the  Ncoqiiihoiiing  creek,  to  the  ravine  ci  d\i 
mountain,  mado  by  Room  run,  wiiich  it  ascends.  It 
would  be  dilTiciilL  perhaps  to  conceive  a  method  of 
making  a  road  iiiore  substantially  than,  has  been 
adopted  oa  this.  Tlie  rails  arc  about  tweiUy  feel 
long,  sev  Jii  inches  deep  and  five  in  width.  They  ar'^; 
su])poned  on  massive  blocks  of  stone,  placed  ni  line 
four  ibcL  apart,  and  irnbeded  firmly  in  smaller  stone, 
and  aie  secured  to  tliese  blocks  by  iron  clamps  on 
each  side  of  the  rail,  about  six  niches  wide,  but  at 
right  angles,  and  nailed  to  the  rail  and  to  the  block 
by  means  oi  four  holes  drilled  in  each  stone,  and 
j)lugged  with  wood.  The  iron  bars  are  two  incliea 
and  one-half  wide,  and  five-eighths  thick.  The  whols 
of  the  road  I'roia  die  coal  miues  to  the  landing  is  de- 
scending. Oil  (ho  self-acting  plaae,  the  descending 
wagon  will  bring  up  an  empty  one.  The  interme- 
diate road  is  graduated  from  ten  tu  twelve  inelifS  do- 
scent,  in  one  hvuidred  feet ;  tliis  being  consideied  the 
lowest  grade  on  which  a  leaded  wagon  will  descend  ) 
by  gravity,  and  iheretbre  the  most  favorabli;  opg,  \ 
that  can  be  tlevised,  when  the  freight,  as  in  this  ctsc,  \ 
is  all  one  way.  I 

"  Doubts  lia;re  been  expressed  as  to  the  contiiii:.  \ 
ance  of  the  supply  of  coal  from  this  region.  On  this  * 
subject  we  will  let  Mr.  White  spealc,  observing  tliat  5 
the  sceptical  may  at  any  time,  by  personalinsp-ction,  \ 
have  a  full  confirmation  of  his  statements.  In  hia  i 
otficial  report  to  the  company  of  Ibt  January^  IS30,  | 
lie  says:  '  In  addition  to  the  extensive  exaininatioHLJ  { 
which  took  jilace  previous  to  my  last  report,  explc-  .< 
rations  have  been  made  which  prove  w.e  can  uncovej;  ] 
and  quarry  our  coal  ui  a  continuoits  open'nig^  about  \ 
two  miles  in  extent  east  and  west,  having  our  present  \ 
quarrie::>  about  llu;  centre.  We  have  uncovered  coal  ; 
at  the  summit  cf  tlie  mouutain,. three  liundi'jd  ami  \ 
twenty  feet  north  and  south,  across  the  strata  of  coal,  \ 
which  is  of  a  quality  similar  to  that  in  the  gre;»t  ijuar-  ♦ 
ry  ;  so  that  we  have,  bt'yond  all  doubts,  eiior.gii  coal  \ 
that,  can  be  iiuarried  without  mining,  to  last  m pre 


HISTORF    OF    CARBON    COUNTY. 


211 


than  one  generation,  even  supposing  that  our  ship- 
ments exceeded  one  niillion  of  tons  a  year,  and  that 
without  extending  onr  quarries  more  than  one  mile 
from  the  siimniit.  And  when  our  successors  liave 
done  quarrying-,  Ihey  may  follow  the  veins  under 
ground  eastward  lo  the  river,, about  seven  miles  more, 
and  five  miles  in  a  western  direction.' 

"In  his  report  of  ilie  31st  December,  1830,  Mr. 
White  adds :  my  conviction  is,  that  our  great  coal 
mine,  or  quarry,  will  prove  to  l)ea  vein  of  coal  about 
sixty  feet  thick  between  tiie  top  and  bottom  slate, and 
(hat  its  extern  will  bear  out  my  last  annual  report. 
Since  that  report,  I  have  examined  our  coal  field  in, 
and  about,  Room  rmr,  where  that  stream  breaks 
across  the  coal  formation,  and  have  had  the  good 
fortune  to  lay  open  a  series  of  veins  of  unparalleled 
extent,  of  the  following  dimensions,  viz:  28,  5,  5,  10, 
19,  39,  5,  12,  1,5,  15,  50,  20,  11  and  G  feet,making  the 
whole  number  of  veins  opened  14,  and  tlie  whole 
thickness,  measured  at  right  angles  with  the  vems, 
240  feet.  Other  veins  Jiave  since  been  explored.  Tlie 
width  of  the  coal  basin  at  this  place,  north  and  south, 
exceeds  half  a  mile ;  and  the  bearing  of  the  strata 
lengthwise,  is  sc^uth  eighty-eight  degrees  west.  If  we 
allow  sixty  cubic  feet  of  these  veins  to  make  a  ton 
of  coal  in  the  market.,  after  leaving  enough  for  piers, 
.waste,  &c.,they  will  give  foiu:  tons  of  coal  to  each  su- 
perficial square  foot,  (coimting  the  whole  as  one  vein,) 
or  10,560  tons  for  each  foot  lengthwise  of  the  coal 
basin,  and  consequently  55,75(i,800  tons  for  each 
mile  ;  and  allowing  our  demand  to  be  one  million  of 
tons  each  year  from  these  mines,  one  mile  would  last 
more  than  fifty-five  years.  The  part  of  the  coal  basin 
belonging  to  the  company,  extends  ten  or  twelve 
miles. 

"  We  must  not  omit  to  notice  here  a  very  important 
and  ingenious  invention  of  Mr.  White,  for  the  purpose 
ef  raising  bnrdeus,  in  winch,  more  than  one  oi'  oui 
operative    classes  \vili  lake  a  deep  interest.      Wt 


i 


212  vii:,ru:tf  op  carbon  county. 

allude  to  il;c  propellers,  for  which  he   has  IhImi  h 
patent. 

"  Tliat  thi-j  machine  is  very  effective,  is  made  ap- 
parent 1)/  the  following  minute  of  one  day's'  Avork, 
done  l>y  il  at  the  Mauch  Clumk  mines.  In  ten  hours 
and  three  qunrters,  three  horses  drove  the  machinery, 
and  raised  t\yo  hundred  and  four  wagons,  loaded  on.;  i 
ton  an'!  a  liuli  each,  up  a  plane  of  thirty-live  feet  mc.  I 
and  two  hunJied  and  ten  feet  in  length.  As  tlie  pro-  | 
pellcrs  rupiiro  no  more  attention  in  passing  a  wagon.  I 
than  a  piece  of  common  railroad,  and  there  being  no  | 
gudgeons  or  in.ul.incry  to  grease,  except  the  driving:  •. 
part,  the  expense  of  going  up  hills  is  reduced  (o  ii  | 
mere  trifle  ;  being  confined  pretty  much  to  tluit  <A  i 
the  driving  [-..wer.  f 

"As  farther  exemplifying  the  facility  of  labor  \u,h-  f 
sessed  l)y  the  conjpany,  we  incorporate  the  following  I 
note  of  one  day's  work  at  Mauch  Chunk:  '  Thr-jf;  | 
hundred  and  forty  tons  of  coal  quarried  at  the  \ijines 
loaded  and  brought  on  tlie  railroad  nine  miic.-,  un- 
loaded from  the  wagons,  down  theschute,and  iMadr;! 
into  boats.  'I'he  boats  for  this  coal  all  built  tb<,  ^ain. 
day.  Forty  hundred  feet  of  lumber  sawed  in  r;iif 
day  and  nigh;.' " 

Since  the  above  was  written,  great  change:,  liavc 
taken  j)lace,  several  new  mines  have  been  opened 
There  i.^;  nov/,  (iSM,)  a  "back  track,''  constructed 
by  which  the  euipty  cars  at  Mauch  Chunk,  arc  seut 
back  to  the  simiiii  mines.  [See  the  article  i,'-eo%3/  nj 
Schuylk'ill,  Carbon,  .Vc,  coitnties.] 

Since  the  loregoing  has  been  wrhten,  the  rnincs  lu 
this  region  have  been  much  enlarged,  and  great  addi 
tions  and  improvements  made. 

Lansanjie,  a  post  village  on  the  right  bank  ui  the 
Lehigh  river,  tv,o  miles  above  Mauch  C'hunk,  at  thr 
moulh  cf  ihe  Ncsquihoning  creek,  consisting  of  eigl  t 
or  ten  houses,  a  store  and  a  tavern. 

Nesqicihoning,  at  the  mines  of  that  nanc  k)\i. 
miles  above   Lausanne,  situated  at  the  lb.  ,  ft;    !lic 


niSrORY    OF    CARliON    COUNTY.  213 

Nesquilioning  liiountaia,  upon  the  Nesquilioning 
creek.  Tliis  village  was  laid  out  in  1831,bytVie  Lc- 
liigli  Navigation  Company  ;  it  contains  between  twen- 
ty-five and  thirty  houses,  a  store  and  tavern. 

■•Lausanne  toionsliip  is  bounded  on  the  north  by 
Luzerne  county  ;  on  tlie  east  by  PeuLi  Forest ;  on  the 
fcouth  by  Mauch  Chunk  •,  on  tlie  west  by  lianlcs.  The 
surface  of  this  townsliip  is  very  mountainous,  and  the 
soil  gravelly  ain'l  sterile.  \  great  proportion  of  this 
township  is  cfihsed  ain')iig  unseated  lands;  rising 
seven  diousand  acres,  wen.  olfered  at  public  sale  by 
tlie  county  treasurer,  tu  pay  the  arrears  of  taxes  due 
thereon,  in  lS-t4.  Tl).';  po[>uhition  of  Uiis  township 
in  1830,  was  508  ;  in  IS  Id,  1,590.  The  county  tax 
for  1844,  $27f)  03;  for  state  purposes,  i5lG5  82. 

Lawrytown  is  an  ancient  looking  lumbering  vil- 
'  iage,  consisting  of  srnne  thirty  cabins,  above  the 
:  'mouth  of  iiaurel  run,  planted  in  the  forest  years  ago 
by  the  Lehigh  Coal  C.Mniiany. 

liockporty  ni;ar  the  muuth  of  Laurel  run,  was 
laid  out  a  few  years  ago,  and  bids  to  be  quite  a  brisk 
and  thriving  village,  ai'd  may  soon  vie  with  its  neigh- 
borhig  villages. 

Clifton  is  a  small  village  of  recent  origin,  three 
miles  north-west  of  ivO',kport. 

Penn  Haven,  on  the  mouth  of  Quakake,  at  the 
foot  of  the  Broad  mountain,  upon  the  west  side,  is 
a  village  of  moderate  growth. 

Beaver  Meadow  is  a  post  village  on  the  Mauch 
Chunk  and  lierwick  luriipike,  twelve  miles  from 
Mauch  Chunk,  consi,-iiiig  of  some  twenty-five  or 
more  framed  while  houses,  several  stores,  and  taverns, 
two  churches.  Whoiu  the  village  stands,  some 
years  ugo,  it  wa^:  .t  vu^t  XiiOuntain  morass,  liowever 
partly  reelaimed  to  agriculture,  which  doubtless  re- 
ceives its  name  from  tl^e  iuh.abilants  who  once  occu- 
pied it,  It  has  risen  into  distinction  by  the  quantity 
autl  .jiuUity  of  aiitb.racito  coal  in  this  place. 


214  nrsTuRY  of  carbon  countf. 


In  ihci  iinniodiate  vicinity  of  Beaver  Meadov/,  oic  | 
several  hamlets  occupied  by  miners,  and  others  labor-  | 
ing  at  the  mines,  or  coal  quarries.  The  nnners  hero;  | 
are  principally  W<.'lsh.  •      I, 

The  BcaV'3r  INTeadow  coal  mines,  which  were  f 
opened  in  1S13,  by  Mr.  Beach,  of  Salem,  are  about  a  I 
mile  and  a  lialf  west  of  the  village.  The  Stailbid  f 
Coal  Company  have  a  mine  nearer  the  villagi-.  | 

''  This  mine,  says  Professor  Silliman,  was  opejiud  in  | 
1813.  The  coal  is  universally  regarded  as  being  of  I 
thebcst  quality.  Vll  jiersons  whom  we  heard  s])eak  * 
of  it  agjcod  in  lh;u  opinion.  The  appearance  of  the  J 
coal  corresponds  with  that  impression,  and  its  bvQ-n-  I 
ing  too,  as  far  as  \/o  could  judge  by  limited  (jj.portu-  I 
nities  of  observation.  The  mine  is  in  the  tide  of 
hill ;  there  is  no  roof,  or  only  a  very  thin  one.  It  u 
worked  oj^cn  to  tlio  day,  like  a  quarry  It  is  already 
fairly  disclos(;d,  and  there  is  no  a])parent  inq)edimr.'Ut 
to  obtainhig  any  quantity  of  coal  that  may  be  d(;sired. 
The  situation  of  the  mine  is  not,  however,  nnich  ele- 
vated above  the  g.meral  surface  of  the  country  m  its 
vicinity;  but  dieru  is  descent  enough,  to  carry  ..ifiho 
water." 

Hazdton'^.  a  thrifty  hamlet,  or  village,  four  miles 
north-west  of  Beaver  Meadow,  ''which  has  urown 
lip  in  ::onnuotion  with  Hazelton  Go's  mino/about 
half  a  mile  west  of  the  village.  A  railroad  takf  .s  tne 
produce  of  thuse  mines,  and  that  of  Suger  L(,af  Hh'] 
mines,  also  IK  ar  the  village,  to  the  Beaver  INIeadow 
railroad." 

Banks  towj,s/u'/.},  oi-ganized  since  tlie  erection  r,f  iIk- 
cotmty,  is  the  nurlh-western  township  in  the  con.nty, 
is  bounded  on  the  nortii  by  Luzerne  county;  east  by 
Lausanne  township  ;  south  by  Mauch  Chunk;  t)n  ihe 
wesr  l;y  Schayikill  county.  The  surface  of  this  i-jwk- 
sliip  is  mountainous  and  hilly;  the  soil  gravelly  :  much 
of  it  not  arable  ;  a  considerable  proportion  is  claSood 
among  Linseated  lands.  Its  population  doi::,  -ici  ex- 
ceed 5Q0.     The  taxes  assessed  for  county  puij)Mt:(. ,:;  in 


HISTORY    OF    CARRON    COUKTT.  215 

1844,  amounted   to    ^376  91;    for  state  purposes, 
i5217  OG. 

Penn  Forest  ijivnship  is  bounded  nortli-west  by 
Luzerne  county  ;  nonh-east  by  Monroe  county ;  east 
by  Upper  T(?\vaii;snsing  townsliip ;  west  by  Lau- 
sanne. It  is  a  mass  of  mountains.  'YhaGrcat  Sioamp, 
or  Shades  of  Death  commences  here.  The  soil  of 
the  township,  especially  the  momitainous  parts,  is 
gravel,  a ud  in  many  places  very  well  timbered.  The 
greater  proportion  of  the  township  is  classed  among 
unseated  lands ;  forty  thousand  acres  of  which  wa"s 
ollered  by  the  comity  treasurer,  at  public  sale,  to  })ay 
the  arrears  of  taxes  due  thereon.  There  are  several 
saw  mills  in  this  township. 

The  township  is  thinly  inhabited ;  its  population 
does  not  exceed  SOO.  The  taxes  assessed  for  county 
purposes,  in  1844,  amounted  to  ^310  30;  for  state 
purposes,  $187  ()(J. 

Upper  TouHimens'n^  township  is  bounded  on  the 
north  by  Penn  Forest  townshii);  norili-east  by  Chesi- 
nuthill  township,  hi  ^Muiiroe  county  ;  on  the  south  by 
Lower  Towamensin-  ;  on  the  west  by  Lehigh  river, 
which  separates  it  lidm  Mahoning  township.  Much 
•of  this  to  wnsbip  is  mountainous  and  hilly;  the  soil  is 
gravelly,  though  arable,  and  when  cuUivated  tolera- 
bly productive.  A  small  proportion  of  it  is  still  class- 
ed among  unseated  lands. 

This  township  is  v.^atered  by  Hoeth's,  ot  Head's 
creek,  and  the  Pohopoko  creek,  and  the  Big  creek, 
which  -is  formed  by  the  junction  of  PolK>poko  and 
and  Mead's  creeks,  at  the  .foot  of  the  i^hopoko 
mountain,  from  wdiich  rafis  descend  to  its  mouth.  If 
riows  south-n'esteriy  dirough  a  cultivated  valley,  to 
which  it  gives  name,  and  falls  into  the  Lehigh  river 
about  four  miles  above  iLe  Water  Gap.  It^  is  navr- 
gable  for  ton  miU  s.  Thore  are  several  mills,  a  fm  ■ 
■nace  and  a  iuj'ge  on  ihis  sueam. 

'lids  township  w:is  settled  at  an  early  date,  dmiv.y 


316  lITSTOur    OF    CARBON    COUNTT. 

the  Indian  and  French  war;  and  also  during  th.;  Re. 
volution  C)i  '7G.  (hu  huhans  committed  depredaiionp 
and  mnrdois  in  Pohopoko  valley.  In  the  nionili  of 
.Decernhor,  1755,  "a  company  ot"  Indians,  about  fiTO 
m  nuiTibcr,  attacked  the  liouse  of  Frederick  Iloeih, 
about  twelve  miles  eastward  from  Guaden  Huetten 
(Weissport.)  or  Focho  Pochto  creek.  The  family 
was  at  supper— clie  Inians  shot  into  the  house,  wound- 
ed a  woman,  shot  at  and  killed  Ilueth  himseli",  and 
then  shot  several  times  more,  whereupon  all  rasi  out 
of  the  fiouse  thrii  cjald.  The  Indians  immediately 
set  fire  to  the  hou.so.  mill  and  stables.  Hoeth'..  wur. 
ran  into  the  bake  house,  whicli  was  also  set  on  tire. 
The  poor  woman  ran  out  through  the  flames,  aii'l  be- 
ing very  much  burned,  she  ran  into  the  water,,  and 
there  died  !  'i"he  Indians  cut  the  belly  open,  and 
otherwise  inhumanly  used  her.  They  killed  and 
scalped  a  dautrliler—  three  of  the  children  were  bmn-t  -, 
these  children  belonged  to  the  lluuily.  Several  of 
Hoeth's  daughn;rs  were  carried  oil".  In  the  action 
one  Indian  was  killed,  and  another  wounded."* 

In  the  s])riuL,  of  IT.SO,  during  the  Ivevolutiounry 
war,  the  Indians  were  marauding  througii  here,  and.. 
on  tlie  west  side  of  tlie  Lehigh  river,  took  several  of 
the  inhabitants  })risoners  at  the  house  of  Eenjarniii 
Gilbert,  not  lar  from  Fort  Allen,  (Weissport,)  and  ) 
abducted  ihem.i  \ 

Parrjjsvillc,  Iwo  miles  beloAV  Weissport,  six  btlov;  \ 
Maucli  Chunk,  on  the  left  hank  of  the  Lehigh  river,  a«  j 
tlie  junction  of  the  Ihg  creek  with  the  Lehigli,  is  a  } 
small  village,  consisting  of  ten  dwellings,  one  ta\ern^  \ 
two  stores,  a  school  house,  a  grist  mill,  two  saw  mills  j 
and  a  latli  mill.  Opposite  this  village,  on  the  west  i 
side  of  the  Lehigh,  was  a  basin  and  the  hitended  | 
depot  of  the  Beaver  I\h;adow  railroad,  which    WiS  j 

swept  away  by  ihe  L:;rcut  freshet  hi  January,  IS  11  I 


fVeissport,  situated  on  the  leff  bank  of  thg  i  <'h;r.h, 

♦Pro/.  IxLC.  Vol.  i*^.  p.  y32. 
jS2t!  Mah9i'.i!;g  lown.'ihip- 


IIISTOIiY    OF    CARBON    COUNTY.  217 

river,  above  Tar  nu:.  (which  now  empties  in  the 
lower  basin  of  tlio  can:'l,)  occupies  a  broad  flat;  once 
the  site  of  Nev/  Gnaden  llnetten  and  Fort  Allen, 
was  laid  out  by  Colonel  Jacob  Weiss,  in  1828.  Col. 
_,  Weiss  purchased  this  irnct  from  the  Moravians^ 
^      »hortly  aflurthc  lievoliiiii)n  try  war. 

.The  village  is  laid  out  regularly,  and  is  a  place  of 
considerable  business.  It  contains  a  storing  house,  a 
tavern,  two  stores,  some  ten  or  filteen  dwellings  ;  tvn> 
dun-ches,  the  one  belon^^s  to  the  German  Reformed, 
and  Lutheran,  ihe  other  lo  die  Evangelical  Associa- 
tion. 'I'he  building  ol'  tlu:  Ifunier  is  quite  an  ornament 
to  the  village,  and  occupies  the  spot,  once  the  site  of 
an  Indian  village,  destruy(;d  in  1755. 
^  The  proprietor,  (Joloiiul  Jacob  Weiss,  was  a  native 

of  Philadelphia,  and  ciuriug  the  whole  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, in  the  service  of  liis  country.  Sojueiime  in 
1784,  he  purchased  seven  hundred  acres  of  land  from 
the  Moravians;  in  1785,  he  removed  his  family  to  this 
place.  Col.  Weiss  \v;is  an  active  and  enterprising 
citizen.  His  name  is  intimately  associateil  with  all 
Uie  early  elforts  to  impiove  ibis  region  of  countiy. 

Mr.  W^eiss  died  in  l>s,ii),  and  his  remains  rest  in  the 
grave  yard  contiguous  to  the  village  on  the  east  side 
of  the  canal,  where  a  sione  marks  the  spot,  with  the 
following  inscription ; 

"  Sacred  to  the  memc/ry  of  Jacob  Weiss,  Sen.,  whi^ 
was  born  in  Philadcli-'hia,  September  1st,  1750,  aiul 
departed  this  lite,  Janu.ary  9lh,  1839,  aged  88  years, 
4  months  and  8  days." 

His  consort,  Ehzabclh  Weiss,  a  daughter  of  Mr. 
Robinson,  is  still  (September  1814)  living,  aged  ninety 
years — nevertheless,  of  remarkable  memory,  especi-- 
aJly  when  it  is  considered  that  she  has  been  confined 
to  her  room,  through  iuiirniiiy,  caused  by  I'alsy,  fur 
Uie  last  eight  yeais. 

JVthsport^  or  Fori  .^Illen,  the  early  history  ol' 
which  is  giv^en  ij.luv/,  has  been  several  times  inun- 
dated 


f 


JIS  HTSTOIJY    OB'    CARBO-N    COlTNTr. 

5^/>:/^^,V'.s  Flood  cyv  Flood  of'SG*    On  the  n,-lu  of 
he  (ith  Oct<.ber,  1780,  Mr.  Weiss'  family  was  rSnsed 
Ironi  :5l-ep,  bcuveun  ten  and  twelve  of  the  cIolI'  b^ 
thG  cry  of  soim  one,  «  /^;e  f/re  all  surrounded '"  '  At 
this  cry  the  first  thongiit  that  struck  them,  was,  cImj 
Indians  had  sm-prised  them;   but  soon  found    thnv    . 
were  surrounded  by  water,  for  the  Lehii^di  had  swol 
Icn  so  sudderdy,  and  so  high,  that  the  Whole  dat  of    ' 
J^ort  Allen  was  inundated.  To  save  themselves  thev    ' 
had  to  leave  die  house.     They  dr.)Ve  the  she.j,Mnto     ' 
the  Jntchan,  nnd  |.unt  them  up  in  tlie  loft:  th,  tatilp     I 
were  on  vlio  hills,     Old  Mrs.  Robinson,  the  mother  oi'    ^ 
Mrs.  Weiss,  and  the  children,  were  carried  in  a  wa-    \ 
gon  to  the  hirher  ground;  and  Mrs.  Weiss,  bHweon 
two  and  three  in  the  morning,  mounted  behind  her 
husband  to  g;.  on  horseback,  but  was  obliged  lo  di^.- 
mount,  lor  the  horse  could  not  possibly  carry  b.nh      ' 
(Ml  accomit  or  ihc  u;round  bemg  so  completely  soaked     { 
that  he  sunk  lo  tlie  lianks;  Mrs.   Weiss,  liu\'M.v-r     | 
was  carried  in  an  arm  chair,  by  some  men,  to  ilie  jiill     \ 
east  of  the  canal. 

At  die  sainj  time,  a  house  near  the  river,  ^uluTii     1 
die  Lehigh  bridge  is,  was  swept  away,  with  its  in- 
mates,  Tippey,  his  \\'\(^,  and  two  children.      \s  (he 
house  was  tloating,  each  of  the  parents  had  a  ^vU     < 
by  the  hand— the  iionse  struck  a  tree,  tlie  i^vr-nta     ^ 
caught  by  the  limbs,  were  saved,  but  both  chiJib-en     ^ 
perished,     li,  dn^  predicament,  Mr.  Mullen,  a  sailor      I 
at  the  mstanc  J  of  Mr.  Weiss,  took  a  canoe,  ai  d  les- 
cued  Tip])ey  and  his  wife,  from  the  angry    u-v-^s 
winch  had  borne  off  their  tender  ciiildren.  "  ^       ! 

In  January,  Jb-il,  there  was  another  floul,  Iv  \ 
winch  \\  eissj.art  was  inundated,  and  -the  bridge,  ov  i  ^ 
tlie  Lehigh,  was  partly  swept  away.  The  liocd  of  '> 
1641,  was  two  f(.(.l  liighur  tlian  Tip])ey's  flood.  .* 

missporL  The  locality  of  this  place  is  well  knu^ai  ii,       ^ 
Uie  early  hisfory  of  this  couutryas  Neta  Gu,uh .    Hwi- 

s-l?",o   ?!:''r''f'>'^"''  ^^''''  Mrs.  VV^eiss,  and  her  sou    !V-c, 
■^<^l.  IS;  io4t,  this  n'a.s  comuiuuicaied  to  llie  wruer. 


I 


UISTORr    OF    CxlllBON    COUNTY.  219 

ten,  and  Fori  Alhn.  It  was  once  a  flourishing  Mo- 
ravian missionary  station.  The  Moravians  liad  com- 
menced  a  sctll(3nicnt  and  missionary  station,  in  1746, 
west  of  the  Leliigii  river,  in  Mahoning  valley,  (of 

which  an  account  is  given  when  speaking  of 

township)  but  subsequently,  left  that  place  and  located 
east  of  the  Lehigh  river,  in  1754.  Loskiel,  in  speak- 
ing of  tliat  removal,  says,  "in  the  removal  of  the 
buildings,  the  chapel  only  excepted,  the  Indians  were 
kindly  assisted  by  the  congregations  at  Bethlehem, 
Nazareth,  Chrisiianbruim.  and  Guadenthal,  who  fur- 
nished not  only  workuion  and  materials,  but  even 
contributions  in  money.  Unanimity  and  diligence 
contributed  so  uaich,  towards  the  progress  of  this 
work,  that  the  first  twenty  houses  were  inhabited  by 
tlie4th,and  the  foundation  stone  of  the  new  cliapel 
laid  on  the  11th  of  June.  Hishop  Spangenberg  otfered 
up  a  most  tervent  prayer,  and  delivered  a  powerful 
discourse  on  this  solemn  occasion.  The  houses  were 
soon  after  completed,  and  a  regulation  made  in  all  the 
families,  for  the  childri'n,  of  each  sex,  to  be  projierly 
taken  care  of.  The  dwollings  were  phiced  in  such 
order,  tiiat  the  Makikuns  lived  on  one  and  the  Dela- 
}  wares  on  the  other  side.  The  brethren  at  Eethlehem 
took  tlie  culture  of  the  old  land  on  the  il/«/io?/y,  upon 
themselves,  made  a  plantation  of  it  for  tlie  use  of  thti 
Indian  congregation,  and  converted  the  old  chaj)el 
into  a  dwelling,  both  for  the  use  of  tho.se  brethren  and 
sisters  who  had  the  care  of  tlie  plantations,  and  for 
missionaries,  passing,  on  their  visits  to  the  heathen. 
A  synod  was  held  in  New  Guaden  Iluetten,  from  rhe 
6th  to  the  nth  August,  (1754,)  and  the  chapel  con- 
secrated. Many  Indian  assistants  were  invited  to  tliis 
synod,  the  chief  intention  being  maturely  to  consider 
the  situation  of  ihe  Indian  mission."-' 

Military  forces  nad  been  stationed  here  din'ing 
175(),  and  afterwards.  ••' And,'' says  Loskiel,  "a^ 
both  ilie  Indian  nn.'^sionarics  had  left  their  ell'ects  and 


t20 


lU:3jOi{y    0"    CARBON    COUNTY. 


harvest  ai  ChiaaeiL.vuotten,  llie  Govemor  of  the  pro- 
vmce  kindiy  ordered  a  party  of  soldiers  to  niarcl)  into 

those  pans,,  l>  defciul  the  property  of  the  christian  ^^ 

liidiaiis,  ,u..d  d,^;  country  in  general.     But  on  xVcw  fl 

Year  s  day.  17.jU,  the  savages  attacked  these  trooi  s  ft 

set  iire  to  (iuad(;)i  lliietien  and  the  mill,  and  destr.)yed  fl 

the  plantations,  by  v/hichthe  Indian  congregation  and  U 

Its  ^missionaries  were  rechiced  to  the  greatest  povcr-  U 

In  17-5b,  Dr.]5cnj:,nnn  Franklin  erected  a  fori  here  f 

called  Fort  Allo.i.     \ vlnlc  here,  he  addressed  th:.  fol-  h 

lowing  io  (loveniur  Morris:  It 

Fort  Jllhn,at  Cuadim  Hue  I  ten, 
Januarij  25,  17.j6. 
To  the  Uun.  n.  IL  Morris  : 

Bear  Sir~\Vc  g,A  to  J  fay's  the  same  evening  wa  i 

^t  yon,  and  reviewed  (h'aig's  company  hy  the  \s;w.  t 

Mijch  01  the  next  day  was  spent  in  exchanging  the  I 

had  arms  for  the  ^.-ood,  Wayne's  company  having  I 

joined  us.     We  ioa(  hed,  liowcver,  that  night  to   lip-  | 

hnger's,  wliere  ^v■c  got  into  good  tjuarlers.     Satiird.iy  f 

morning  w^^   begun  to  march  towards  Guaden  Ihiet^  § 

ten,  and  ])roceeded  near  two  miles;  hut  it  seemiii'  to  I 

set  m  lor  a  rainy  day,  the  men,  unprovided  with  LMeat  f 

eoats,  and  many  unable  to  secure,  elfectually,  Vheir  I 

firms  from  (he  wet,  \^^e  Ihought  it  advisahle  to  fiicc  I 

nhont  and  reliud  to  our  former  quarters,  where  the  I 

ineii  might  dry  themselves  and  lie  warm— wheieas  f 

had  they  i)roceeded,  they  would  have  come  in  wet  to  1 

Guaden  Iluelten,  where  shelter,  and  opportunity  of  f 

drying  theniselv.'s,  tliat  night,  was  uncertaim  Inhun  { 

itramed  all  d;ry,  and  we  were  all  pleased  tliat  w«  \ 

liad  not  ])i-oceedeM.  5 

The  novr  d,iy  being  Sunday,  we  marched  liKi:er,  I 

Where  we  j.rrip-d  about  two  in  the  afternoon   und  f 

helore  i,ve    had    inclosed   our   camp  wiUi    a    Muniff  I 

hreast^  work     mn.ket   proot;  and    with   the   noanja  | 

suaugiu  liero  beiere  by  my  order, from  i)unker\  nrM  i 


HISTOilY    OF    CAltnON    COUNTY.  221 


I       j>ot  ourselves  iHiilcf  hlioltor  from  the  weather.     Mon- 
'       day  was  so  dark,  with  a  thick  log  all  day,  that  wa 
coukl  neither  look  out  lor  a  ]>lace  to  hiiild,  nor  sfje 
where  materials  wen;  to  he  had.     Tuesday  morning 

[  we  looked  round  i^s,  pitched  on  a  jjlace,  marked  out 

our  lort  on  the  grout  id,  and  by  ten  o'clock  began  k) 

I  !  cut  lindjer  for  stockades,  ;uid  to  dig  the  ground  ;  by 
three  in  die  alternoon  the  logs  were  all  cut,  and  many 
of  them  hauled  t,)  the  spot,  the  ditch  dug  to  set  them 
in,  three  feet  diep,  and  many  were  jiointed  and  set 
up.  The  nexi  day  wo  were  hindered  by  rain  most 
of  the  day.  '1  iai,'-j1ay  ue  ri;sinned  our  work,  and 
before  night  were  perfectly  well  enclosed ;  and  on 
Friday  morning  the  stockade  was  finished,  and  part 

)  of  the  platform,  within,  erected,  which  was  completed 

next  morning,  when  wo  dismissed  Foulk's  and  Wei- 
lerholl's  companies,  and  sent  Hay's  down  for  a  con- 
voy of  provisions.      Tins  day  we  hoisted   the  ilag, 

I  ^  made  a  general  discliarge  of  our  pieces,  which  had 
been  long  loaded,  and  of  our  two  swivels,  and  named 
the  place  Fori  t'///cn,  in  honor  of  our  old  friend.  Ic 
is  one  hundred  and  twenty-live  feet  long,  and  fifty 
wide;  the  stockades, most  of  them  a  loot  thick;  they  are 
tliree  feet  in  the  ground,  and  twelve  feet  out,  pointed 
at  the  top. 

Tliis  is  an  account  of  our  week's  work,  which  1 
thought  might  give  you  some  satisfaction.  Foulk  ia 
gone  to  build  another  fori,  between  this  and  Schuyl- 
kill fort,  which  I  Iio}j(j  will  be  finished  (as  Trexler  is 
to  join  him)  in  a  we.k  or  ten  days. 

As  soon  as  I  fays  returns,  I  shall  detach  anotlier 
party  to  erect  another  at  Surfas's,  whicli  I  hoi)e  may 
be  finished  in  the  same  time,  and  then,  I  purpose  to 
end  my  campaign,  God  wilhng,  and  do  myself  thv 
pleasure  of  seeing  you  on  my  retin-n.  1  can  now  add 
no  more  than  that  I  am,  v/ilh  great  esteem  and  afiet 
iion, 

Dear  Inend,  youra,  affectionately, 

B.  FRANKLIN. 


222  lilSTuiiY    OF    CARBON    COUNTY. 

Fort  ,/IIlen,  at  Gnadon  Ilntilm, 
January  2(),  J  75(1 
To  the  lion.  Iiobvrt  H.  Morris: 

Sir~'\v..  left  Jjethlehem  l(Jth  hist,  with  Koiilk's 
compnny,  Inity-six  men;  the  detachment  o\  Mr. 
LaughhiTs  t\ronty,  and  seven  wagons  laden  wiih 
stores  c'lul  provisions.  We  got  that  night  to  Hay's 
quarters,  where  Wayne's  company  joined  \v<  i'rom 
Nazareth. 

The  next  day  we  marched  cautiously  through  ihc 
gap  of  die  mountain,  a  very  dangerous  pass,  r.ud  got 
to  Uplingcr's.  rjut  twenty-one  miles  from  lietlilcliem, 
tJie  roads  beiiig  bad,  and  the  Avagoiis  moving  slowly. 
At  present,  \v'c  arc  erecting  a  third  house  in  the  Yon 
(Allen)  to  acrouiinodate  the  garrison.. 

As  soon  as  Mr.  Hays  returns  with  the  convoys  oi' 
stores  and  provisions,  which  I  hoi)e  may  he  to-mor- 
row, I  i-urpoor:  to  send  Oriidt  and  Hays  to  Hoeds,  to 
join  Cainuin  'i\ami)  in  erecting  the  middle  fort  thcie, 
purposing  to  ri;niain  here  between  them  and  J'oulk, 
ready  to  assist  and  sup]jly  both,  as  occasion  nu^y  re- 
quire, and  hope,  in  a  week  or  ten  days,  weather  fa- 
voring, those  I  wo  torts  may  be  fmished,  and  the  line 
efforts  eoinpluiL'd  and  garrisoned,  the  rangers  in  mo- 
tion, and  the  internal  guards  and  watches  disbanded. 
a.s  well  a^i  soui  other  companies,  unless  they  are  per- 
mitted and  cnrouraged  to  go  after  the  enemy  to  Sus- 
quehanna. 

At  present,  ihe  expense  in  this  country  is  prodi- 
gious. We  ha/e  on  foot,  and  in  pay,  tlie  following 
companies : 

Trump,  50  men;  Aston,  50  ;  Wayne,  55. 

Foulk,  -16;  I'rcxler,  48;  Wettherhold,  44— ?f;/.7io?i^ 
t/ie.  Fork":. 

Orndt,  50, 

Craig,  30;  fttartin,  30— m  the  Irish  settlements. 

VanEtten,  30— ;,t  IMinnisinks ;.  Hays,  45. 

Deiaehmoni  of  i^rLaughlin,  20 ;  Parson, 24-  -in  ail 
522  Yours, 

13ENJ.  FUANKlJN. 


n 


RTsrOUY    OE    CARBON    COUNTJY. 


22'J 


'.  James  Yoiniu;.  Commissary  General,  visited  Fort 
Allen  in  ITSG.  In  his  jonrjial  of  Jnne  21st,  1756,  he 
says,  '-at  8,  A.  M.  wo  s(;t  mit  (from  the  fort  above 
Allemenengcl)  for  fort  Alien,  at  Gnaden  ITnetten;  it  is 
about  fifteen  niile.s  from  Allemengel.  The  first  seven 
miles  of  this  road  iy  very  hilly,  barren  and  s\vam})y — 
no  plantations.  The  other  part  of  the  road,  is,  for  the 
most  part,  through,  a  rich  valley,  ehielly  meadow 
gronndi— ^ev>3ral  set  dements;  but  all  the  houses  burnt 
and  deserted.  At  noon,  we  came  to  the  foot.  For 
tJie  last  half  hoia  before  \vc  came  there,  we  had  a 
very  severe  gust  of  thuiider,  ligiitning,  and  a  prodi- 
gious heavy  nan. 

"This  fort  stands  on  ihe  river  Leah,  (Lehigh)  in 
the  pass,  through  very  high  hills,  is,  in  my  opinion,  a. 
very  important  ])lace,  and  may  be  of  great  service,  if 
the  oiiicer  does  liis  duty.  Ii  was  very  well  stoccaded 
with  four  good  bastions.  On  one  of  them  is  a  swivel 
gun.  Tlio  woods  are  clear  all  around  it  for  a  con- 
siderable way,  and  is  very  defensible.  Within,  are 
three  good  barracks  and  a  guard-room.  I  found  haru 
fifteen  men  wiilioul  .my  >»Ilieer, or  connnander.  Tiu-y 
told  me  that  lieutenant  Jac(tb  INIiles,  and  two  men 
from  the  fort,  were  gone  this  morning  with  two  gen- 
tlemen from  Belhlehera,  and  four  Indians,  fifteen  miles 
up  the  country,  to  bring  down  some  friendly  Indians; 
and  that  the  sergeant,  with  three  men,  were  gone  t^) 
Captain  Foulli's,  late  connnander  here,  to  receive  the 
pay  that  was  due  diem;  and  one  Avas  gone  to  Beth- 
lehem, with  the  sergeant's  watch  to  mend,  which  was 
the  reason  I  could  noi  muster  those  present,  nor  havt 
any  account  of  the  iirovisions,  but  saw  a  large  quan- 
tity of  beef  very  badly  cured. 

I  was  informed  that  a  <,a})tain,  v/ith  a  new  compa- 
ny, was  expected  therein  a  day  cr  two,  to  take  post 
at  this  fort.  Being  very  uncertain  when  the  lien- 
tenant  would  return,  or  the  new  company  come,  I  ru- 
solvidto  proceed  to  Lehigh  Gap^wiiere  a  detachment, 
of  a  con^pimy  is  po-^led. 


224  in.si'Ciu'-  Of  cakuon  countt. 


''  Proviuc/ai  stcres.—^l  muskets,  50  cartoucli  00:5:  ri 

cs,  10  pciiiiJs  of  powder,  60  poaiulsuf  lead,  20  I'oiuidd  ♦! 

filled  lor  9.0  iiuiii,  19  axes,  4  broad-axes,  20  liaiehets,  \'\ 

43  toninli  uvl<s,  ;]  iron  wedges,  aud  one  swivel.  I^ 

The  Joilov/iiig-  letters  are   irom  the  conniianding  ^'^ 

oflicer  at  Jmj:L  Alien,  to  Major  Parsons,  at  Easion :  % 


Fort  Alhn,  Feb.  18,  1757. 

Honored  Sir: — This  morning  arrived  an  Jmlian 
here  fioi'i  l>i.iho;^;i,  and  seven  women  andthrci  eiiil- 
drenare  tn  <;.tn.ii:  in  to-morrow  or  next  day.  liisnamu 
is  Zacliarias.  lie  inlbrms  me  that  Icing  Teedyuscnng 
has  sent  hini  \v  ith  ihe  following  orders,  that  llu,  same 
might  |j(  shown  t()  his  honor  tlu;  Governor.  King 
Teedyuscuiig  intended  to  come  in  with  a  great  nuni' 
ber  of  Indians,  tlu  next  month,  to  Easton,  to  hold 
a  treaty  lh(ue,  and  desires  that  the  Governor  miy  b 
ready,  at  Ihat  ihne,  to  meet  him  at  I'^aston.  'J'hi.'  In 
dian  informs  me,  that  the  three  nu'ssengers,  Joseph 
Poppy,  Lewis  rvlontour,  and  Nathaniel,  arrived  well 
at  Dialinga,  aud  wi-nt  from  thence  to  the  Mohav/k 
country,  with  s  weral  others  ;  and  as  soon  as  they  ^Jiall 
come  hack  to  Diahoga,  king  Teedyuscung  will  be 
ready  to  march  from  thence  to  come  down. 
Honored  Sir, 

1  am  your  very  humhle  servani, 
u,  i,  JACOB  OKNDT 


Fort  Alleuj  March  31,  1757. 

Honored  &.r: — The  bearer  hereof,  an  Lidiaii, 
named  Samuel  Evans,  desires  to  have  an  order  iroiii 
your  worship,  lu  g,  i  a  new  stock  made  for  his  gun,  in 
Bethlehem,  and  ilut  the  same  might  be  charged  to 
the  province. 

Since  my  hM  lelier,  which  I  have  written  fo  you, 
arrived  here,  king  Teedyuscung's  two  sons,  Cr.piain 
Harrison,  and  rfcverul  oilier  Indians,  in  nuini'Cr  rftj 


niSTOUV    01^    CAUIJON    COUNTY.  225 

men,  squaws  and  children.     They  behave  very  civil 
here — lliey  have  made  cabins  about  sixty   perches 
from  the  fort,  wiiere  they  live,  and  intend   to  tarry 
here  till  the  kiiio:  comes. 
I  am, 

Your  very  liumble  servant, 
JACOB  ORNDT. 
[Prov.  Ecc.  p.  203-4.] 


Fort  Allen,  Jlpril  5,  1757. 

\     Honored  Sir  : 

Tliisisto  acquaint  your  worship,  that  the  day  before 
yesterday,  arrived  here,  four  Indians  from  Susque- 
hanna, above  J)ia}ioga,  and  have  brought  one  white 
i  prisoner,  wliose  name  is  Nicholas  Ramston.  lie  was 
taken  at  the  same  time  that  Christian  Pember  was 
killed.  The  same  Indians  inform  me,  that  king  Tee- 
dyuscung  can  hardly  come  down  here  till  the  latter 
end  of  this  monih,  for  the  Mohawk  Indians  were  not 
quite  ready  lo  march. 

Those  four  Indians  will  Come  with  the  bearer  here- 
of, one  of  my  soldiers,  whom  I  have  sent  to  escort 
them  to  Easton,  and  I  have  also  ordered  the  white 
prisoner  with  them.  I  desire  your  worship  would  be 
pleased  to  send  an  order  to  Mr.  Warner,  who  is  or- 
dered to  entertain  the  Indians,  that  he  shall  not  give 
tliem  too  much  ram,  as  he  has  done  to  those  who 
were  at  Easton  last  week  ;  for  some  of  them  were  so 
drunk  that  they  staid  all  night  in  the  woods,  and  tlie 
remainder  went  to  Bethlehem,  and  by  so  doing  there 
might  easily  happen  any  nrisbehavior, 

m  *  *  f»  -tr  if  * 

y'y^'     '_  I  ;un,  Sii', 

■  Your  very  humble  servant, 

JACOB  ORNDT. 

[Prnv.  I2cc.  p.  204.] 

Colonel  James  Biird  visited  this  place  in  1758.  Iri 
his  j(iu.' jnl  of  February  27,  1758,  he  says,  "  I  march-= 

0 


ed  Ironi  I'noiice  (Mr.  Everitt's)  to  P'ort  Allen,   ;..l  li 
o'clock  P.  M.;  got  at  the  top  of  the  ]ilue  iiioi!;'taiii, 


226  luiToiiir  UP  CARitoN  county.  m 

I 

at  2  P.  I\[. ;  from  hence  saw  Alleniengel ;  it  is  a  firo  | 
country;  liiit  lue  country  on  the  north  side  jf  tliu  f' 
inountaia  is  an  entire  barren  wilderness,  not  cipablo 
of  imjirovcmeni.  I  arrived  at  Fort  Allen  at  hall"  after 
two  P.  IM,,  a  prodigious  hilly  place,  and  poor  land, 
fifieen  miles  from  Mr.  Everitt's.  1  ordered  a  ic-.vhiw 
of  this  garrison  to-joorrow,  at  A.  M. 

Tuesday,  28dL — xVt  A.  M.  I  reviewed  this  garri 
son.  Doing  dnty,  Captain  Orndt,  lieiUenant  Ih.ys  aiul 
Laugherry,  and  ensign  Meixill  and  seventy-live  nu'n. 
Tiiis  is  a  very  good  garrison.  In  tlie  stores,  two 
months  i)rovisions,  two  hundred  and  five  })(^mids  ol 
powder,  three  hurjdred  pounds  of  lead,  five  hLnicired 
ilints,  two  sv/ivcls,  twenty-six  provincial  arms,  (bad 
ones)  no  drirm,  no  kettle,  no  blankets,  one  s])ade,Gnc 
shovel,  one  grnbl)ing  hoe,  and  foiuleun  bad  ax(ib'. 

Tfiis  is  a  very  poor  stoccade,surr(nuided  with  hills, 
situated  on  a  l)arren  plain,  through  which  tli.i  river 
I^echy,  (Lehigh)  iims,  at  a  distance  of  seventy  ynris 
from  the  foi t.  'Tiiere  is  scarce  room  here  iVa  fcaty 
men.  I  ordered  Captain  Orndt  to  regidate  his  r;.'!^. 
ing  by  his  intelligence,  from  lime  to  time,  as  I..;  U: 
formed  me  that  tive  Indians,  from  liethlelien\,  iuvi; 
promised  faithfully  lo  Captain  Orndt,  to  come  here 
and  reconnoitre  the  woods  constantly  aromid.  and.to 
furnish  him  v/ith  intelligence.  1  also  directed  ihat  a 
target,  six  inches  thick,  should  be  put  up,  to  teach  the 
Sioldiers  to  shoot. 

Lower  Toioamensing  township  is  bounded  oulhe 
north  by  Upper  'I'owamensing  ;  on  the  east  by  Mon- 
roe coun.ty;  on  the  south  by  Northampton  county, 
and  the  west  by  the  Lehigii  river,  winch  se]>arater>  it 
from  Perm  township.  The  surtace  of  tliis  township 
is  (hvtrsified,  mountainous,  hilly,  and  paitly  level, 
coutainhig  a  considerable  portion  of  arable  ii'.nd,  an/1 
well  miprovecl.    Its  principal  stream,  besides  ih^  Le 


HlfeTORY    OF    CARliON    GOUNTF.  227 

>:■  liigh  river,  is  the  Aquan&kicola  *  creek,  wliich  rises 
ia  Rossi  towiisliip,  JNToiiroe  county,  about  a  mile  east 
of  the  Wind  G;i]);ruRniiig  along  the  base  of  the  lilue 
mountain,  it  falls  into  the  Lehigh  river,  at  its  entrance 
into  the  \V\ater  Gap.  It  is  a  very  rapid  stream,  and 
drives  several  mills.  Tiie  Clarissa  iron  works,  consist- 
ing of  a  forge,  furaaee,  and  several  dweUings,  are  on 
this  stream. 

''  The  0(i]i,^''  lit  the  Lchi^^h  Water  Gap  §  is  a  small 
village,  on  the  luft  hank  oi  the  Lehigh,  and  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Aijuaiichicolu  creek,  which  is  crossed 

j.  by  a  substantial  ;i;:d  niriiiy  built  bridge.  The  village 
consists  of  some  six  or  Light  houses,  a  store  and  a  ta- 
vern. A  hundred  aiiU  fifty  yards  below  the  bridge 
the  Aquanchicola  is  crossed  by  the  canal  in  an  aque- 
duct. This  place  sust;\uiud  considerable  injury  from 
the  flood  in  1S41. 

At  an  early  date,  a  Mr.  Lplinger,  or  Oplinger,  lived 
near,  or  at  the  Clajj.  In.  a  letter  from  Benj.  Fraidclin 
to  Governor  Moiris,  dated  Fort  Allen,  January  2(i, 
175ti,  he  says,  '-AVc  m  irchrd  cautiously  through  the 
Gap  of  the  momnain,  a  very  dangerous  pass,  and  got 
to  Uplinger's,  but  twenty  miles  from  IJethlehem.t 
Alluding  to  their  mar>"li  on  that  day,  Franklin  says, 
'•'that  on  leaving  15etblehem,  we  had  not  marched 
many  miles,  before  it  licgan  to  rain,  and  it  continued 
raining  all  day.  There  w,ere  no  habitations  on  the 
road  to  shelter  us,  until  we  arrived  near  at  the  house 
of  a  German,  wiiere,  and  in  his  barn,  wewere  all 
huddled  together  as  well  as  water  coidd  make  us.  It 
was  well  we  were  not  attacked  in  our  rnareli,  for  our 
arms  were  of  the  most  orilinary  sort,  and  our  men, 
could  not  keep  the  locks  of  their  guns  dry.  The  next 
day  being  fair,  avij  continued  our  march,  and  arrived 
at  liie  desolate  G-iaden  JIueticn  (Weissport)." 

•  Aquanbhicola — va.'iuus  are  ih-j  orthographies  of  this  stream, 
Aquaubcliicola,  Aquanchicola.  In  iliu  record  of  Iiidiau  deeds  ii. 
is  writlen  ^7i(«a.«Ac/Vi/5.  — Records,  iSic.  p   128. 

^  For  ;t  dcscriptior)  of  ihe  V/alcr  (lap,  see  Lehigh  couniy. 

{  P;  Js-.r-ciai  Kccords,  vol.  0,  jj.  17. 


~'-*8  llISrOUY    OF    CARBON    COUNTY. 


Kasl  I'cnn  tow,',ship  is  bounded  on  the  nonli  bv  |l 

Malioning  township;  east  by  Lower  'J'owanieitsii.g'j  r\ 

south  by  Lehigh  county;  and  south-west  ])y  SciuiyU  || 

killcouniy.     'J1iis  township  lias  tiie  lihie  inoui,t;mi  fl 

on  the  south,  and  tlie   Mahoning   mountain  on  tbe  '| 

north  of  jr.     The  surface  is  diversified,  mountainous,  p. 

Ihlly,  and  level ;  tlie  soil,  shale,  or   variegated   red  U 

shale,  gravel  and  hmestone.     Itiswatered  by  Lizard  |,j 

creek,  -u'hich  rises  at  the  foot  of  the  ]ilue  niouiitain..  p 

aud  following  along  its  base,  easterly,  tails  int't  die  M 
Lehigh,  about  a  niile  above  the  Water  Gap.  (t  is  a 
very  rapid  cixck.  and  has  several  mills  on  it.  'fbe 
creek  gives  naiiic  lo  a  cultivated  valley,  tlirotudi 
which  it  flows.  St.phen  Ballict's  furnace  and  forge 
are  in  this  township. 

Aa  excellent  road  passes  through  this  valley,  froni 
the  Lehigh    to    M'Keansburg   and   Orvvigsbur::,    in 

Schuylkill  couiuy.                                                   "  f^. 

One  of  the  iorts,  in  the  chain  of  forts  between  !he  % 

Delaware  and  Potornack  rivers,  was  located  in   lids  S 

township.  See  /ipjKndlx,  Young's,  Van  Eiten'.^and  | 

Hurd's  Journal,                              ^  1 

i 

Mahunins;  (.wnship  is  bounded  on  the  noriii  i.y  fe 

Mauch  Chunk  ;  east  by  the  Lelngh  river,  which  sepa^  | 

rates  it  Irom  Upper  and  lower  Tovvaniensing ;  on  the  4 

south  by  East  Penu;  and  on  the  south-west  hy  ScliuyU  | 
kill  CO.  A  considerable  portion  of  land  is  very  good, 
and  remarkable  for  abundant  crops  of  rye  and  i-M^  \ 
wheat  does  very  wull,  loo.  It  is  watered  ])rin(,iiial]y 
by  Mahoning  creek,  which  rises  at  the  loot  of  Midio- 
ning  mountain,  ;ind  running  castwardly  through  a 
cultivated  and  bcaatil'ul   valley,  to   whicli   it   givus, 

name,  falls  uito  the  Leliigli  river,  a  short  distance  be-  \ 

low  LelughtcUj  ;,nd  nearly  opposite  old  Fort  Aden,  % 

orWeissnort.      Ruiis  descend  this  creek  abuuf  lour  | 

miles,  above  whicli  distance  are  several  mills.  | 

Owl  crt.ek  is  in  the  western  part  of  the  townslupj  | 

ilows  between  the    Mahoning  and   Mauch    Clnud.'  I 

uioi^ntrdns.  into  tlie    Taniaqua,  or  Little  Scjinvikil)  f 


HISlOllY    OP    CAUliON    COUNTY.  221.' 

river.  There  are  fjcveral  .sinail  villages  in  this  town- 
ship. 'J'axables  in  18  11,  L'53;  state  tax,  iS-lOS  9'A  \ 
coinitjr  tax,  $6.57  0;j. 

Burrins;tony  two  miles  north  of  Lehighton,  on  the 
road  to  Mancli  Cliunli,  coiitahis  tive  dwellings  and  a 
store.  Tliis  phico  huiieied  some  by  tlie  freshet  ol' 
1S41. 

Lehighton,  ^L  post  viihige,  laid  out  some  forty  years 
ago,  by  Colonel  Jic!!)  Weiss  and  William  Henry. 
Tlie  gruniid  plot  uf  tli*;  town  is  laid  out  u[)on  an  ele- 
vated piece  of  i'lblijland;  the  lots  are  large,  afford- 
ing an  extensive  garden  and  yard  to  eaeh  dwelling. 
The  view  from  the  town,,  though  not  extensive,  is 
beautiful.  It  CoMnu.itids  a,  ))ros|Ject  of  tlie  river  anti 
canal,  the  valluy  in  which  Weissjiort  is  located,  die 
Blue  monntain  in  llu;  distance,  and  a  nearer  view  of 
tlie  Mahoning  niouiitnin  an'd  Lehigh  hills.  Within 
lialf  a  mile  of  the  village,  tliere  has  been  discoveretl  a 
mineral  spring,  the  waters  of  which  have  proved 
beneiicial  in  many  ca.i,os  of  disease  and  debility.  The 
town  contains  thirty  dwcllnigs,  three  tavernsaiid  two 
stores.  Tliis  village  ^vonld  prove  un  eligible  situa- 
tion for  the  Shiretown  of  Carbon  county.  May  it  not 
yet  become  the  scat  (f  Justice  ? 

South  Lehighton,  contiguous  to  Lehighton  and  tlu; 
old  Mahoning  churcli,  consists  of  seven  or  eight 
ancient  looking  buildings.  A  place  that  has  attained 
its  zeniUi.  Near  Uiis  is  the  Moravian  grave  yard  of 
old. 

In  Mahoning  township  the  Moravians  had  a  mis- 
sionary establishment;,  or  station,  nearly  one  htindred 
years  ago.  They  conmienced  settlements  here  in 
17'IG.  The  slaiion  is  ihns  described  by  Loskiel  : 
"  Gnaden  Ilueitt.ii  \\r,\v  ( l  /  Ki)  became  a  veiy  regular 
and  pleasant  Uj'\'\\.  Tiie  church  stood  in  the  valley, 
oil  one  side  the  Inuiau  honsis  fornnng  a  crescent,  upon 
a  rising  ground  ,  ;uid  l'Ii  (!ii3  other,  stood  tlie  house  o( 
the  missiOiiary  aiid  tiio  burying  ground.  The  mi.': 
siuiiMijs  tilled  tlicir  own  grounds,  and  every  Indian. 


230  hijToky  op  carbon  county.  I, 

family  their  ]»lantatioii,  and  on  the   18lh  of  Aiigust,  f 

they  liad  the  satisfaction  to  partake  of  the  first  liuit::,  I 

of  the  hind,  at  a  love  feast."  J 

"  The  land  on  the  T>hd)oning  heing  impoverished,  * 

and  other  circiinislances  requiring  a  change,  the  in-  J 

hahitanis  of  Onuflcn  Huetten  removed  to  the  nidlh  I 

side  of  the  1^(  hndi.     ']'he  dwellings  were  removed,  | 

and  a  new  tIi.'4)ol    was  huilt,  in  June,  175-1.     'i'he  * 

place  wa.s  LMlled   New   (Jnaden  Iluetten.     [ll  sti-od  f, 

where  Weisspuii  iiov/  is.  J       Tiie  dwelling.s  were  so  f 

placed  that  the  MJiicans  liv^d  on  one, and  the  J)eia-  i 

wareson  die  otlioi  til ie  [of  the  street.]     The  hrelhrcii  I    ■ 

at  13ethleheni  toi.l:  tlu'  culture  of  the  old  land  on  \\w:  ,*,   .; 

Mahoning  ii|)uu   iheniseUxs,  made  a  plantation  of  it  \  ' 

lor  the  use  i.itLc  linlum  congregation,  and  convened  |  | 

/he  old  chiipid   iwto  a  dwelling,  hoth  for  the  use   of  \  \ 

those  hrediren  aiid  sisters  who  had  the  care  of  die  ;- 

jdantalions,  and    for   missionaries  jnissing   on   tiieir  \  . 

visits  to  the  iieail'en.  *  • 

"The  Indians  ni  the  Fnmch  interest    were  niLi.di  | 

inccnsetl  that  any  ff  die  IMoravian   Indians  chose  n,  |  \ 

remain  at  (Inadc,i  lluelten,  and  determined  to  cut  oif  |  ' 

the  settlenient.     Alter  Ihaddoek's  defeat,  in  1755,  ihe  | 

whole  frontier  was  oj»en  to  the  inroads  of  the  savage  *  , 

foe.     Every  day  disclosed  new  scenes  of  barhaiily  I 

committc'l  by  die  Indians.     The  whole  country  was  ', 

in  terror;  die  neighhors  of  tlie  brethren  in  Clnaden  | 

Iluetten  forsook   their  dwellings  ami    lied;  but  da;  I 

brethren  made  a  covenant  together  to  remain  und.Mnit  -  \t 

ed  in  the  place  alluted  them  by  Providence.     liow-  \^ 

ever,  no  caution  was  onutted;  and  because  the  ■ivliilc  k 

people  considered  cvrry  Indian  as  an  enemy,  the  In-  ^ 

dian  brethren  in    (Inadeii   Huetten  were  advised,  as  f^ 

nmch  as  possible,  ti»  lM'e|»  out  of  their  Avay — to  buy  no  % 

powder  nor  shot,  hi  a  strive    to  maintain  tiiemsrdres  ^ 
without  hinaing,  wiiirh  diey  willingly  comi»lieii  with 
*    ""        "        "       Ihit  God  had  othr  wise 
ordained.     Ou  a  sudden  the   tuission  lioiise  (  u  'An: 
IMalioning  was,  late  in  the  evening-  of  the  'Jltli  Nev., 


? 


uisrouY  or  cahhon  county.  231 

attacked  by  the  French  Indians,  burnt,  and  eleven  of 
the  inhabitants  uiurdered. 
f',  "  The  family,  being  at  s\ipper,  heard  an  unconunoii 

I'  barking  of  dogs,  upon  which  brother  Senseman  went 
?!  out  at  the  back  door  to  see  Avhat  was  the  matter. 
On  the  report  of  a  gun,  several  ran  togetlier  to  open 
the  house  door.  Here  th>3  Indians  stood  with  tiieir 
pieces  pointed  towards  the  door,  and  firing  innne- 
diately  upon  its  being  opened,  Martin  Nitchnian  was 
instantly  killed.  His  wife  and  some  others  were 
wounded,  bat  lied  with  the  rest  up  stairs  into  the  gar- 
ret, and  barncoiled  the  door  with  bedsteads.  Brother 
Partsch  escaped  by  jumping  out  of  a  back  window. 
Brother  Worbas,  who  was  ill  in  bed  in  a  liouse  ad- 
joining, jumped  likewise  out  of  a  back  window  and 
escaped,  though  the  e)ienues  had  placed  a  guard  be- 
fore his  door.  Meanwhile  the  savages  pursued  those 
who  had  taken  refuge  in  the  garret,  and  strove  hard 
to  burst  the  door  open ;  but  finding  it  too  well  secured, 
they  set  fire  to  the  he  use,  which  was  soon  in  tlames. 
A  boy  called  Sturgeons,  standing  upon  the  darning 
roof,  ventured  to  lent)  oil",  and  escaped;  though  at 
first,  upon  opening  the  back  door,  a  ball  had  gnizeil 
his  cheek,  and  one  side  of  his  head  was  much  burnt. 
Sister  Partsch  seeing  this,  took  courage,  and  leaped 
hkewise  from  the  burning  roof.  She  came  down  un- 
hurt, and  unobiscrved  by  die  enemies;  and  thus  the 
fervent  ])rayer  of  her  husband  was  fulfilled,  who,  in 
jumping  out  of  tlie  back  window,  cried  aloud  to  God 
to  save  his  wife.  Brother  Fabricius  then  leaped  also 
otr  the  roof,  but  before  he  could  escape  was  i)erceived 
by  the  Indians,  and  instantly  wounded  by  two  balls. 
He  was  the  only  one  whom  they  seized  upon  alive, 
and  having  dispatched  hbn  with  their  liatchets,  took 
his  scalp,  and  left  him  dead  on  the  ground.  The  rest 
were  all  burni  aiivo.  and  Brother  Senseman,  who  first 
went  out  at  the  back  door,  had  the  inexpressible  griei 
to  sec  liis  wife  consumed  by  the  fiames.  Sister 
Partsch  could  not  run  far  for  fear  and  trembling,  hvi 
hid  hei'seif  behind  a  tree,  upon  a  hill  near  the  hou^i. 


232  IIISTOUi'    OF    CAllBON    COUNTY". 

From  1'cijCu  she  saw  sister  Sensemaii,  already  suc- 
lomided  by  the  iUuncs,  standing  with  folded  hands, 
and  heard  h.;i  calUag  out:  " 'Tis  all  well,  dear  Sa- 
viour— I  expected  notlnng  else  I"  The  honse  being 
consumed,  tlio  nnndorers  set  fire  to  the  barns  and 
stables,  by  wbich  all  the  corn,  hay,  and  cattle  were 
destroyed.  Then  they  divided  the  spoil,  soaked  some 
bread  in  miik,  made  a  hearty  meal,  and  departetl — 
sister  Partsch  looking  on  unperceived. 

"This  melancholy  event  proved  the  deliverer  of 
the  Indian  congregation  at  Gnaden  Iluetten;  f(;r  up- 
on hearing  the  lopcrt  of  the  guns,  seeing  the  ihunes, 
and  soon  lcarn;ng  the  dreadful  cause  from  tlajsi.  wlio 
had  escaped,  tlio  Indian  brethren  innnediately  wunt  to 
the  missionary,  and  oJfered  to  attack  the  enemy  widi- 
out  delay.  BiU  being  advised  to  the  contrary',  ihdy 
all  fled  into  the  woods,  and  Gnaden  Iluetten  was 
cleared  in  a  few  moments;  some  who  already  v/ore 
mbed,liaving  scarce  time  to  dress  themselves.  Iboilicv  || 
Zeisberger,  who  had  just  arrived  in  (i  naden  Iluructi  f 
from,  Belhlehera,  hastened  back  ta  give  notice  ol  ilu.s  I 
event  to  a  body  of  l^nglish  militia,  who  had  muiv  lird  ? 
within  iive  miius  ot  the  spot;  but  tliey  did  not  venture  \ 
to  pursue  the  enemy  in  tlie  dark.*  1 

After  the  enemy  liad  retired,  the  remains  of  diose  I 
killed  at  Mahoning,  weie  collected  from  the  ashes  j 
and  ruins,  and  interred.  A  marble  slab,  in  the  grave  | 
yard,  about  on.j,-half  mile' south  of  Lehighton,  marks  j 
the  place.  The  conipiler  visited  this  place,  Sept.  ly.  | 
1844,  when  he  copied  the  folio  whig  hiscription  :  | 

To  the  memory  of 
:  -  ;  Gotdieb  and  Christina  Anders, 

.    >  wiih  their  children,  Johanna, 

Martin  and  Snsanna   Nitshman ; 
Arm  Catliarina  Senscman, 

Leonliard  Gattermyer, 
Christian  Fabricius,  cieikj 


UISTOr.V    OF    CAKliON    COUNTT.  233 

i  George  Schv/cigcrl,  John  Frederick  Lesly, 

I    .  ;i^''-  and  Martin  Presser ; 

-■••^  Who  lived  at  Gnaden  Huetten, 

unto  the  Lord, 
and  lost  their  hves  in  a  surprize 
^•■.'■':  from  Indian  Av^-arriori;, 

•   ''' ■  '■  November  the  24th, 

1755, 
Precious  in  ihc  &ight  of  the  Lord,  is  the 
death  of  his  saints. — Fsahns  cxvi.  15. 

[e/.?.  Bower,  Phi/a.,  1788.] 

This  chapter  is  closed  hy  a  narrative  of  the  captivity 
of  Gilbert  and  othei-s.  The  compiler  is  indebted  to 
Mt.  Day  for  it.  The  narrative  is  given  hi  detail  in 
Loudon's  Narrative,  Vol.  II : 

"  Benjamin  Gilbeit,  n  Quaker  from  Byberry,  near 
Philadelph.ia,  in  1 775,  removed  with  his  iamily  to  a 
farm  on  Mahoning  creel:,  five  or  six  miles  from  Fort 
Allen.  His  second  wife  was  a  widow  Peart.  lie 
'was  soon  comfortably  situated  with  a  good  log 
dwelling  house,  barn,  and  s;.AV  and  grist  mill.  For 
five  years  this  peaceable  family  went  on  industrious- 
ly and  prosperously  ;  but  on  the  25tii  April,  1780,  the 
very  year  after  Sullivan's  expedition,  they  were  sur- 
prised about  sunrise,  by  a  party  of  eleven  Indians, 
who  took  them  all  jjrisoners. 

'*■  At  the  Gilbert  farm  they  made  captives  of  Ben- 
jamin Gilbert,  senior,  aged  (i9  years;  EUzabeth  his 
wife,  55;  Joseph  Gilbert,  his  son,  41  ;  Jesse  Gilbert, 
another  son,  li);  Sarah  Gilbert,  wife  to  Jesse,  19; 
Rebecca  Gilbert,  a  daughter,  IG;  Abner  Gilbert,  a 
son,  14;  Elizabeth  Gilbert,  a  daughter,  12;  Thomas 
Peart,  son  to  Benjamin  Gilbert's  wife,  23  ;  Benjamin 
Gilbert,  a  son  of  Jolm  Giibea  of  Philadelphia,  11  ; 
Andrew  Ilarrigar,  of  Gcniian  descent,  20  ;  a  hireling 
of  Benjamin  Gilbori's;  and  Abigail  Dodson,  who 
lived  on  a  Ibrni,  about  one  mile  from  Gilbert's  mill. 
The  whole  uumbei  lakcii  at  Gilbert's,  was  12.    Tii'. 


234  HISTOliy  OF  cabbon  countt. 

Indians  ihen  proceeded  about  half  a  mile  to  IJonja- 
niin  Peart's  dwelling,  and  there  captured  liirnself, 
Jiged  27.  Elizabeth  his  wile,  20,  and  their  child,  nine 
mondiy  old. 

"'  The.  last  look  the  poor  captives  had  of  their  once 
conilbrtuble  home,  was  to  see  the  tiames  and  t'rdling 
.in  of  tlio  roofs,  fn'ni  Sunnner  hill.  Tlie  Indians  ied 
their  captives  on  a  toilsome  road  over  Mauch  Clmnk 
and  Broad  mount;dns,  into  the  Nescopeck  path,  and 
tlien  across  Quakake  creek,  and  the  JMoraviau  Pine 
Swamp  to  IMaiiOniog  mountain,  where  they  lodged 
ihc  first  night.  On  the  way  they  had  prepared  inoc- 
f^dsins  lor  some  oi  the  children.  Indians  genoraily 
secure  then-  prisoners  by  cutting  down  a  sapling  as 
large  as  a  man's  thigh,  and  therein  cut  notciics,  in 
which  they  fix  ih^^'ir  legs,  and  over  this  they  jjlace  a 
pole,  crossing  it  with  stalces  drove  in  tlie  ground,  and 
on  the  crotches  ol  the  stuk'cs  they  })lace  other  pules,  or 
riders,  edecturJly  conliniiig  the  ])risoners  uii  iheii 
Lacks;  and  bcoides  all  this  they  put  a  strap  roun/l  their 
necks,  which  they  fasten  t4>  a  tree.  In  this  nu:nner 
the  night  j)ussi-d  with  the  Clilbert  lamily.  Their  Iv'.l.s 
were  Ilendoclr.  branches  strewed  on  the  ground,  and 
bhuikets  for  a  eiJVTiiiig.  Andrew  Montour  v.'as  th-: 
leader  of  tlie  Indian  party.  | 

'•'  The  forhjrn  band  were  dragged  on  over  the  w  ikl  ^ 
and  rugged  region  between  the  Lehigh  and  the  Clie- 
numg  branch  of  tlie  Susquehanna.  Tliey  were  oftui! 
n3iidy  to  faint  liy  the  way,  but  the  cruel  threat  of  im- 
mediate death,  urged  them  again  to  the  march.  The 
old  man,  I^enjainin  Gilbert,  indeed  had  begun  to  fail, 
tiiid  had  been  painted  black — a  fatal  omen  among  die 
Indians;  but  \\  hen  his  cruel  captors  had  put  ;.,  rop-i 
around  his  neck,  and  apjjcared  about  to  kill  him,  the 
intercessions  of  iiis  wife,  softened  their  hearts,  mui  he 
was  saved.  Sid-stipiently, in  Canada,  the  old  man, 
cojiver^jing  -wixh  ll:e  chief  observed,  that  he  might 
Sidy  what  none  of  the  other  Indians  could,  '•  iiiai  he 
had  brought  in  (he  oldest  man  and  the  youngest 
child. '^     d'i.e  chier'-j  reply  was  impreesive  :    '  it  wa:j 


? 


HISTOaV    OP    CAUBON    COUNTY.  235 

not  I, but  the  (Jicui  (iod,  who  brought  you  through  ; 
lor  we  wore  detffrininefl  t.>  kill  you,  but  were  pre- 
vented.' 

"  On  the  54th  day  of  iheh-  captivity,  the  Gilbert 
familly  had  to  encounter  the  ieariul  ordeal  of  the 
gauntlet.  'The  prisoners,'  says  the  anther  of  tlie 
narrative,  '  were  released  from  the  heavy  loads  they 
Jiad  heretofore  been  compelled  to  carry,  and  were  it 
not  for  the  the  treatment  they  expected  oti  their  ap- 
proaching llie  Indian  towns,  and  the  hardshsp  of 
separation,  iheir  siin;itiun  would  have  been  tolerable; 
but  the  horror  of  their  minds,  arising  from  the  dread- 
ful yells  of  the  Iridians  as  lliey  approached  th(i  ham- 
lets, is  easier  conceived  ihan  described — for  they  were 
no  strangers  to  the  cnstiMnary  cruelty  exercised  ii[n)U 
tiic  captives  on  enterhig  their  towns.  The  Iiidiant>— 
men,  women  and  children — collect  together,*  bring- 
hig  clubs  and  stones  in  order  to  beat  them,  which 
they  usually  do  with  great  severity,  by  way  of  re- 
venge for  their  relations  who  have  been  slain.  Thia; 
is  perf(U-med  innnediatcly  on  their  entering  the  village 
where  the  wairiors  juside,  antl  cannot  be  avoided. 
The  ])lo\vs,  however  cruel,  must  be  borne  witlKUit 
complaint.  The  prisoners  are  sorely  beaten  until  tlieir 
enemies  are  weary  with  the  cruel  sport.  Their  suf- 
ferings were  in  this  case  very  great ;  they  receivcxl 
several  woimds,  and  two  of  tlie  women,  who  were  on 
horseback,  were  much  bruised  by  falling  from  their 
horses,  which  were  frightened  by  the  Indians.  Eliza- 
beth, the  mother,  took  iheller  by  the  side  of  one  of 
them,  (a  warrior,)  but  upon  his  observing  that  she 
met  with  some  favor  u,)on  his  account,  he  sent  her 
away;  she  then  received  several  violent  blows,  so 
lliat  she  was  almost  disabled.  The  blood  trickled 
from  their  heads  in  a  si  ream,  their  hair  being  croju 
close,  and  the  clolhot,  tliey  had  on  in  rags,  made  their 
situation  truly-  iulcous.     Whilst  the  Indians  were  in- 

•  The  waniurs  l)ui  sokloui  louk  part,  t.jccepl  by  looking  ou  arid 
oiicour.  ;'iijj  the  ilemoiiiac  sport. 


236  msi'(;i{Y  OP  CAKBON  cou^KrY. 


^ 


lliclingiliis  leven^H;  upon  the  captives,  thecliiel'caiiic  f'| 

juul  pui  It  .stMji  lo  any  liirthcr  cruelty,  by  telling  tlif^m  ,' * 

^it  was  .Millicicm/   whicii  they  ininiediatcly  alti'iuleil  ^ 

to."  II 

'•  Soon  alter  tins  a  severe  trial  awaited  them,    'i'hey  ■  • 

were  sc'inaateii  I'runi  each  otlier.     Some  were  inveii  4.; 

over  to  Indicnis  to  be  adopted,  others  were  hiri'd  out  ;3 

by  their  Jiulian  owners  to  service,  in  while  tamilics,  I'' 

and    otiMMS  wore  sent  down  the  lake  to  Mo'ilreal.  |1 

Among-  tliM  hnter  was  the  old   patriarcli,  Benjamin  |f 

(Gilbert.      ]h(t  llic  tld  man,  accustomed  to  tlu.'  com-  $ 

forts  oi'  civili'/,ed  lifo,  broken  in  body  and  mind,  froiii  1 

such  unexpected  calamities,  sunk  under  thecomplica-  ^ 

tion  of  wo  and  haidshif).     His  remains  repose  ar  the  | 

foot  of  an  oak,  nea^-  the  old  fort  of  Cantr  da  l.ac,  on  | 

tlie  St.  Lawrmice,  below  Ogalensburg.     Some  of"  ili;  f 

family  met  widi  kind  treatment  from  the  iiands  oi"  the  | 

British  (Wlieers  at  Montreal,  who  were  interested  n\  I 

their  story,  and    exerted  themselves  to  release  tiv3in  I 

from  captivity.  | 

"Sarah  (jilh^^rt,  the  wife  of  Jesse,  becoming  ix  luu-  | 

ther,  Klizabeili  left  the  service  she  was  engagi,  1  in —  | 

Jesse  having  taken  a  lionse,  that  she  might  give  bci  1 

daughter  every  necessary  attendance,     la  order  to  \ 

make  their  situation  as  comlbrlable  as  i)ossiblc   d.ioy  | 

took  a  child  t.)  lun-^e,  which  added  a  little  to  tlieiriiN  j 

come.     Alter  mis,  Elizabeth  Gilbert  hired  her-fU'  lo  | 

h'ou  a  day  {^.y:  Atlam  Scott.     Wiiile  she  was  .,t   lier  j 

work,  a  little  girl,  belonging  to  the  house,  acquamted  * 

her  that  tliere  v/ere  some  who  wanted  to  see  licv.  and  1 

upon  eiuering  the  room,  she  found  six  of  her  cliil-  I 

dren.     Ttie  joy  and  surprise  she  felt  on  this  occasion,  j 

were  beyond  what  we  shall  attempt  to  descrd;c.     A  \ 

messenger  was  sent  to  inform  Jesse  and  his  wile,  liiut  : 

Josei)h  Gilbert,  Benjamin  Peart,  Elizabeth,  his  v.-it'Cj  j 

and  their  yoin\g  child,  and  Abner  and  Elizabrih  Gil-  ' 

bert,  d>e  yomiger,  were  with  their  mother.'^  \ 

''Among  the  customs,  or  hideed  common  Jau-*:  01  : 

Uio  Indian  tribes,  one  of  the  most  remarkable  and  in-  ] 
terestmg  was  adoption  of  prisoners.     This  right  be 


niTsoiiY  OF  cmiujon  county,  237 

longed  more  paniciiUaly  to  the  females  than  to  the 
warriors,  and  well  was  it  I'or  the  prisoners  that  the 
election  depended  r;aherupc»n  the  voice  of  the  mother 
than  on  that  of  IIk^  father,  as  innumcrahle  lives  were 
thus  spared  wli  "-i  iIm,  warriors  wonid  have  innno- 
lated.  ^Vhcll  01,'  :.di)pted,  if  the  captives  assumed 
a  cheerlid  aspeci,  ei.tr-rod  into  tlieir  modes  of  life, 
learned  their  lun-iinge,  and,  in  hrief,  acted  as  if  they 
actually  felt  themselves  adopted,  all  liardship  was  re- 
moved not  incident  to  fndi.Ln  modes  of  life.     Jkit,  if 

^  lliis  change  of  rjir.iiou  operated  as  amelioration  of 
condition  in  the  lilV;  .-f  iIk.  prisoner,  it  rendered  ran- 
som extremely  dilliciili  in  all  cases,  and  in  soniti  in- 
stances precluded   it   altogether.      These   diliicnlties 

I  were  exemplified  in  a  striking  manner  in  the  j)erson 
of  Elizabetli  Gilbert,  the  younger.  This  girl, only  1'2 
years  of  age,  when  ca]»tuied,  was  adopted  by  an  In- 

'^  dian  family,  but  al"ter\rard;5  permitted  to  reside  in  a 
white  fannly  of  the  n;>iiie  of  Secord^  hy  whom  she 
was  tretiled  as  a  child  indeed,  and  to  whom  she  be- 
came so  nuich  attaelu'd  as  to  call  INirs.  Secord  by  the 
endearing  title  ol  niinu'iia.  Jler  residence,  however, 
in  a  white  l'amily,wa..  a  favor  granted  to  the  Secords 
by  the  Indian  pareiUs  of  JClizabeth,  who  regarded 
and  claimed  her  as  iheir  child.  Mr.  Secord  having 
business  at  Niagara,  look  Ik'tsey,  as  she  was  called, 
with  ium;  and  there,  nfter  long  separation,  she  had 
the  ha[)piness  to  meet  with  six  of  her  relations,  most 
of  whom  had  beiai  already  released  and  were  ])repar- 
ing  to  set  out  J'or  iMohli'eal,  lingering  and  yearjiiiig 
for  those  they  seianed  destined  to  leave  behind,  per- 
haps forever.  The  sight  ol"  their  beloved  little  sister 
roused  every  energy  to  elfect  her  release,  which  de- 
sire w.'is  generously  aoeonde-d  by  John  Seeord  and 
('olonel  Butler,  ulio,  .'•on  jifter  her  visit  to  Niagra, 
sent  fVir  the  Indiun  ^'/hoclmned  Elizabeth, and  made 
overtures  for  he.-  noisoin.  At  lirst  lie  declared  that 
he  •'  iL\nt/d  nal  sell  hts  oion  Jlesh  a/id  blood;"  but 
attacked,  ihior.gh  liio  interest,  or  in  other  words,  lli^. 
nci.e    hies,  the  negotiation  succeeded,  ajid,  as  we  have 


I 


233  iirsTouY  of  carbon  couNTr. 

already  socii,  her  youngest  child  was  among  lla;  i.cu 
sures  fii'^i  restored  to  the  mother  at  Montreal.'"  x^ 

"  P>cntually  ihey  were  all  redeemed  and  coliu  i.jci     1^' 
at  Monu-fal,  on  the  22d  August,  1782,  when  tliey     j| 
took  letive  of  their  kind  friends  there,  and  returi.edlo 
liyberry,   alter   a   captivity  of  two  years  and  iiv';> 
months. 

'•  Tlie  premises,  where  stood  the  dwelling  and  mi- 
provements  of  the  Gilbert  family,  were,  in  183;],  oc- 
cupied by  Mr.  Sepmnus  Hough,  on  the  north  side  of 
Mahoning  creek,  on  an  elevated  hank  aljoul  foity 
perches  from  the  ujain  road,  leading  from  Lehii;l;toi: 
and  Weissport  to  Tan^aqua,  and  about  four  rnilts^iron. 
tlie  former.  I.enjamin  Peart  lived  about  hall'  a  mil* 
further  up  the  creek,  and  ahout  one-fourth  of  a  jmle 
from  the  same,  on  the  south  side.  Mr.  Kuteri 
M'Daniel  lived  on  the  place  in  1833.^' 


HISTORY,  &<^. 

OF 

SCHUYLKILL  COUNTY. 


^.'2^vmm. 


'm: 


t^t    .;  :i 


CIIAPTEH  I. 

sciii  vjkii.l  county  erected. 

,  Before  describing  ilio  ]in;sent  boundary,  &.c.  ot 
this  county,  it  is  deeniLd  to  be  of  sutiicient  interest  to 
the  reader,  to  present  him  a  brief  liistory  of  the  erec- 
tion of  Berks  county,  l:jni  which  the  greater  propor- 
tion of  SchuyikiU  has  been  taken. 

Tlie  ianils  on  the  Tulpehucken  were  still  owned  by 
the  Indians  till  1732-'33,  Avhen  Thomas  Penn  }nir- 
chased  them,  which  more  eifectaally  opened  the  door 
to  emigrants  into  that  part  of  the  provinee  within  the 
limits  of  Berks  and  l.(  baiion;  and  soon  alterwards 
many  went  boyund  the  inoimtains,  witliin  the  present 
limits  of  Schuylkill.  Germans  and  others,  especially 
the  former,  who  had  already  seated,  sent  for  their  rela- 
tives and  kindred  ;  and  they  in  turn,  on  their  arrival 
here,  enticed  others — 1:11  several  thousand  settled  in 
various  parts  on  the  Schuylkill,  Tulpehocken,  and 
other  places — tiU  every  glen,  vale,  hill,  and  mountain, 
was  more  or  less  settled — and  under  such  circimi- 
stances,  the  inhabhant.^.  I'elt  die  want  of  a  new  county,, 
anil  were  led  to  i*ctition  the  Assembly  for  privileges 
which  Penn  and  his  successors  had  awarded.  For 
William  Penn,  shortly  after  his  arrivid,  in  1682,  es- 
tablished seveial  cou-itits,  namely:  Philadelphia, 
Bucks,  and  Chester.  Pliiladcljjhia  county  then  ex- 
tended indefinitely  lov.'^ards  the  north-west,  bounded 
on  the  east  by  Bucks,  and  on  the  west  by  the  Schuyl-- 
kill,  which  separated  it  from  Chester  county,  whicli. 
included,  at  that  time,  Delaware  county,  and  all  iht' 
P 


242  HiSl  OUY    OF    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY.  ^  J 

h 

territory,  except  a  small  portion  now  within  the  liniiu;  *  \ 

ot'Pliilariciphia  county,  south-west  ot  the  Schuylkill,  •■  ' 

and  extended  to  the  extreme  Ihnits  of  the  province,  t  | 

north,  west,  and  south.  In  1729,  Chester  was  reduced,  \ « 

hy  creeling  Lancaster  county  out  of  it.     In   1749,  ^{ 

York  counfy  was  erected,  and  in  1750,  Cunihcrlaud  \\ 

was  estahlisljod,      Berks  was  erected,  March  11th,  ;" 

1752.  |i 

At  the  time  of  erecting  Berks  county,  its  popula-  > ; 

tion  was  from  six  to  eight  thousand*     x\s  it  may  be  i, 

interesting  to  the  reader,  a -copy  of  the  pethion  to  die  *j 
Assembly,  and  utlier  papers,  have  been  copied,  avid 

are  inserted.  «-^ 

A  petition  from  a  considerable  number  of  tivj  iii-  *" 
habitants  of  Rkadingtown,  upon  Schuylkill,  wa?  v 
presented  to  ihe  house,  February  4th,  1752,  and  read,  |^ 
setting  forth,  diat  diey  had  settled  in  the  said  town,  ^ 
expecting  tliut  it  would  be  a  great  place  of  trauc  and  | 
business,  and  had  put  themselves  to  vast  expin>  e  iu  | 
building  and  removing  thither  with  their  hii!ulies, 
several  of  whom  left  tolerable  good  plantations;  tlint 
though  (he  said  tosvn  had  not  al)ove  one  hou^u  m  it 
about  two  years  ago,  (1750)  yet  it  now  consists  ot 
one  hundred  and  thirty  dsvelling  houses,  beside,-;  ibrty- 
one  stables,  and  other  outdiouses,  and  that  there  are 
one  Inindred  and  sixty  families,  consisting  of  tln^e 
hundred  and  suventy-eight  i)ersons  settled  tlunda; 
that  they  have  good  reason  to  believe  that  in  uuotlicr 
summer  they  will  be  much  increased,  as  the  chief 
part  of  the  pri>vince  that  can  be  settled  is  already 
taken  up,  and  the  settling  of  the  town  wdl  be  of  great 
benefit  to  tradesmen  and  others,  who  are  not  able  ti» 
purchase  tracts  of  land  to  live  on;  that  they  hmnbly 
conceived  it  to  be  ihoir  interest,  to  the  honoraMu  pro- 
prietaries, as  well  as  themselves,  and  that  unlc.s.-:  i\m 
house  will  bo  pleased  to  erect  ])art  of  the  counties  of 
Philadelphia,  Chester,  and  Lancaster,  into  a  s<  parate 
county,  tiiey  shall  ])e  untiroly  disappointed  <.)f  their 
cxpectaiions,  notwithstanding  all  the  cost  and  :votible 


HISTORY   OF    SCHTJVLKILL    COUNTY.  24^ 

'they  have  been  at;  that  therefore,  tliey  pray  this 
house  would  take  their  case  into  consideration,  and 
grant  them  rehef,  by  erecting  such  i)arts  of  said  coun-- 
ties,  as  they  shall  think  most  proper,  into  a  new 
tounty,  with  the  same  privileges  that  the  other  coun- 
ties of  this  provinca  enjoy  ;  and  that  the  seat  of  judi-, 
cature  be  lixed  v.ntliin  the  said  town  of  Reading.'^ 

Another  petition  wa?  presented,  Februarys,  1752, 
from  whicli  the  following  extract  is  presented  :  "They 
find  the  causes  of  their  complaint  still  growhig,  they 
humbly  beg  leave  further  to  represent,  that  they  are 
settled  at  a  very  great  distouce  from  the  place  of  jndi- 
•cature,  many  of  them  not  less  than  one  hundred  miles, 
which  is  a  real  hardship  upon  those  who  are  so  un- 
happy as  to  be  sued  fur  debts,  their  charges  in  lung 
journeys,  and  sometimes  in  severe  weather,  with  the 
oflicers^  fees,  amounting  to  near  as  much,  if  not  more, 
•than  tlie  debts;  that  the  hardships  on  jurymen,  con- 
stables, and  in  being  oj<liged  'to  attend  tvhen  required, 
is  also  very  great;  that  now  there  is  anew  town  laid 
out  by  the  proprietarit's'  order,  within  fit'teen  perches 
of  the  division  line  between  lMiiladeli)hia  and  Lancas- 
teit  counties,  and  above  one  hundred  and  thirty 
houses,  and  near  as  m;;ny  faniilies  living  therein,  it  is 
very  easy  for  rogues  and  others  to  escape  justice,  by 
•crossing  Schuylkill,  vvliich  has  already  been  their 
practice  for  some  yeari> ;  that  though  their  grievances 
were  laid  before  the  Assembly  some  years  past,t 
were  not  redressed,  bccau.'ie  of  other  \Veiglity  affairs 
being  at  that  tune  under  consideration  ;  yet  the  prayer 
of  their  petition  was  thought  reasonable,  and  tiie 
number  of  petitioners  being  since  doubled  by  the  in- 
crease of  the  back  inhabitants,  they  theretbre  ])ray, 
that  this  house  v/ould  grant  relief  in  the  premises  by 
erecting  them  into  a  sei>arate  county,  bounded,  as  to 
the  wisdom  of  this  house  shall  seem  best.'^l; 

*  Votes  of  Assembly,  vol.  iv.,  j..20i. 

\  1732-'40.  Feb.  4,  a  iietilion  sif^ned  by  Conrad  Weiser,  Jolii\ 
Davis,  James  i.jwis,  and  oilier-,  Ma^  j'.reseiiled. 
1  V,.i-  i  Mt/VhieiiiLiy,  v;;l.  4,  p.  -^05. 


341  ii:sroi!V  of  sChuvlkill  county.  !     '" 

i  ! 

The  pray e?)  ot  the  petitioners  was  granted  by  ?lio  |    j 

passing.oi" act,  March  lltli,  1752,*  directing  the  troo-  y    | 

tiqu  of  a  conuiy  (n\t  of  parts  of  Philadelphia,!  Ches-  ♦"    i 

tQY,X  i\nd  Lancaster  ^ounties.^.  ;    ' 

"  WheiX'M.s,  a  great  number  of  the  back  inhabiuinta'  \    ] 

of  the  county  of  Philadelphia,  and  tlie  adjacent  parts  \   ] 

of  Chester   and    Lancaster,  by  their   petition,  have  I    | 

humbly  reprcser.ied  to  the  Governor  and  Assembly  I   j 

of  lliis  piovince,  their  remote  situation  from  their  re-  ',   ,j 

spective  counly  towns,  where  the  covu'ts  of  justice  are  |,.  ■ 

lield,  and  p'jbiic  offices  ke))t,  whereby  they  are  fre-  I  •• 

quently  put  to  extraordinary  e:\!pense  of  money,  and  >   : 

loss  of  tinre,  in  their  long  journeys  thither,  as  parties  |  | 

in  cases,  witnesses,  jurymen,  ^c.      For  remedying  ^  i 

which  inconveniences,  and  relief  of  the  inhab'uaas  }  ,' 

in  those  remote  jjarls  in  the  ]iremises,be  it  enacted  by  f  1 

the  Hon.  Jamc:;- Hamilton,  JOsq.,  J.,ieutenant  Gover-  '  ; 

nor,  under  the  Hju.  Thomas  Penn  and  Richard  Peuii,  |  j 

true  and  absobUe  iiropiietaries  of  the  Province    ot  ^  : 

Pennsylvania,  iind  oi  the  counties  of  JNew   Casiie,  >  -. 

Kent  and   Siu^y.  \,  upou  tlio   Delaware,  by  antl   with  |j 

the  advicu  and  consent  of  the  representatives  of  d.j  t'\ 

freemen  o{  the  safi   province,  in   general  asseiid^v'  i- 

met,  and  by  the  authority  of  tlie  same  :  That  all  and  .1^ 

singular  the  lands  lying  within  the  province  of  Penn-  |j 

siylvania  aforesaid;  v/,ithin  the  Limits  and  bounds  as  || 

hereinafter  described,  be  erected  into  a  county,  and  % 

the  same  are  luh'eby  created  into  a  couiUy,  nanied  anti  y 

hencelorth  to  bi-  called  JJijuks  ;  bixnided  as  I'oUoavs-:  i 

By  alim;,  atlhe  distance  of  ten  superficial  miles  south-  f 

west  from  the  n'cstern  bsmk  of  the  river  Schuyll^i^!,  | 

opposite  to, the  nuuuh  of  a  creek  oalled  Mouara !>'•:/. \\  | 

*A,  vol.  iii..p.  S^rofihe  rolls  at  Harrisburg. 

f Alsace,  Kxeier,  An.uy,  Allimeiigle,  ur  Albany,  Otey,  Coh- 
brookdale.  and  JleiLKiiii  luwiisliips,  llien  oigaruzed,  were  pii!. 
of  PhilcKlel[;hia  county. 

4 Coventry  and  pan  of  Nanlinill,  now  Union,  part  ol'  ':1il>u-; 
county. 

§Ctn.-n;uvoa.  KiLc^uii,  Heidelberg,  Bediel,  Tulp.i,  i^Lci 
Itumri.,  and  lierii,  ilieii  organized  part  of  Lancaster  CkUiH}. 

'jFeb.  18,  .'7f!0,  an  n-v.  was  passed  to  settle  this  Hue, 


niSTOKY    CV    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY.  245 

to  the  run  norlh  Jionh-west  to  the  extremhy  of  the 
province,  and  south-east,  uatil  it  shall  intersect  the  line 
of  Chestercounty ;  then  on  one  straight  line  of  McCall's 
manor;  then  along  the  said  line  to  the  extremity 
Uiereof,  and  conriiming  the  same  course,  to  the  line 
dividing  Philadelphia  and  IJucks  counties  ;  then  along 
the  said  line  nurtli-u^est,  to  the  extent  of  the  county 
aforesaid. 

That  it  shall  and  niay  ho  lawful  to,  and  for,  Antho- 
ny Lee,  Francis  Parvin,  William  Mangridge,  William 
Bird  and  .Tos^^ph  iMillunl,  or  any  thfee  of  Ihein,  to 
purchase  and  take  assurance  to  them  and  their  heirs, 
of  a  piece  of  land,  situate  in  some  convenient  place  in 
llie  town  of  Ileadin:;,  in  luist,  and  for  the  use  of  the 
inhabitants  of  s:\id  cjiinty,  and  thereon  to  erect  and 
build  a  court  liouse  and  prison,  sutlicient  to  accommo- 
date the  public  service  of  the  said  county,  and  for  the 
eas6  and  conveniency  of  the  inhabitants.  For  which 
purpose  three  hundred  pounds  were  authorized  to  be 
assessed  and  levied,  fur  pnrchasing  land,  and  Ihiishing 
tlie  court honsr  and  prison. 

By  the  same  ad,  lOdward  Scull  of  Philadelphia 
county,  lienjannn  Li-htfuot  of  Chester  county,  and 
Thomas  Cookson  of  Lancaster  county,  were  api)oint- 
ed  to  run,  m&rk  out  and  distinguish  the  boundary 
line  between  tlic  said  coumies  of  Philadelphia,  Ches- 
ter, Lancaster  and  of  Berks. 

An  act  was  passed,  February  I'S,  17G9,  appointing 
William  McClay,  Wiiliam  Scull  and  John  JJlddle,  jr., 
to  settle  and  fix  the  boundary  line  dividing  the  coun- 
ties of  Lancaster,  Berks  and  Cumberland.  The  for- 
mer commissioners,  Edward  Soull,  Benjamin  Light- 
foot,  and  Thomas  Cookson,  not  having  continued  said 
line  fm-ther  than  the  sottJement  at  that  time  (175^) 
made.  And  v/heteas,  many  were  then  (ITGK)  setded, 
and  new  setdeinents  then  making  beyond  the  said 
lines  of  n5-2,and  disputes  havmgdien  already  risen, 
and  othei-s.  were  likely  to  arise,  concerning  the  hmit.^^ 
ai.'l  l.junds  of  the  said  couiUies  of  Lancaster,  Cun,- 


246  HISTORY  OF  schuylkill  county. 

bcrlantl,  Berks,  and  Northampton  ;  by  reason  of  tin 
boundary  lines  of  1752,  not  being  completed,  the  act 
of  February  18,  17<)9,  authorized  and  njCiuired 
Messrs.  McC'lay,  Scull,  and  Biddle,  and  enjoined  it 
tliat  they  sliould,  within  the  space  of  nine  monlljs 
from  the  passage  of  tliie  act,  "  to  assemble  themselves 
together,  an  1  to  extenfd,run,and  mark  out,  by  actual 
sm-vey,  tlie  boundary  lines,  between  the  said  comriie'. 
of  Lancaster,  Cumberland,  and  Rprks,  and  between 
the  county  of  Jk'iks  and  that  of  Northaminnn,  by 
continuing  the  said  due  north-west  course,  tVnm  the 
south-cast  ends  of  the  lines  already  run  betwijen  the 
said  counties  respectively,  as  far  as  the  lands  lately 
purchased  by  dio  honorable,  the  proprietaries  of  tliis 
province  froai  the  Indians,  do  extend  ;  and  tli.-'.t  the 
costs,  charges,  and  expenses  of  running,  surveying, 
and  marking  out  tlie  saij  line,  so.  far  as  the  same 
shall  run  l&<,>Vyeea  the  said  counties  of  IJerks  and 
Lancaster— .iind  that  the  costs,  charges,  and  exj-mnses 
of  running  the  said  line,  so  far  as  the  same  shall  ex- 
tend hetwcert  the  said  c;ounties  of  Cumherlarul  ;itul 
Jkrks,  shall  he  paid  equjilly  between  the  said  cuiri 
ties  of  IJerks  and  Cumberland." 

]5erks.  since  its  orgamzation  or  erection  in  175,; 
has  been  redriced  by  annexation  of  a  })art  !n  the 
county  of  Nortlunnbejland,  March  21,  1772,  v.'hidi 
was  erected  out  of  parts  of  Lancaster,  Cumlj-rland, 
Berks,  Bedford,  and  Nc4-thampton ;  and  by  the  erec- 
tion of  SchuylkUl 

As  above  slated,  Berks  county  was  formed  out  ui 
Philadelphia,  (Jhesier,  and  Lancaster  count ie;^.  All 
on  the  east  side  of  the  Schuylkill  was,  at  tiic  erection 
of  Berks,  part  of  Phihaleljiihia,  and  was  divided  into 
the  follov/iug  tcwnships:-  Alsace,  Exeter,  Amity 
Allimmgle,  or  Albany,  Ol'ey,  and  Colebrcf  kdalc^ 
Tiie  southern  portion  of  Beiks  was  part  of  Chcjier, 
and  divided  into  two  townships,  Coventry  and  IViint- 
mill;  parts  of  each  of  these  townships  are  now  in- 
(-hid«:d  ii»  Union  township,  organi^cil  fjijiice  ibj  cnv;.. 


HISTOUH     or    aCnUYLKILL   COUNTY.  247 

tion  of  the  coumy.  The  west  and  north-west  portion 
was  part  of  l.ancasier,  ami  divided  into  tlie  following 
townships,  namely :  CaTnarvon,  Robeson,  Tulpe- 
hocken,  Ileidlebeig,  JJethel,  Tulpehocken,  Cuniru, 
and  BcHn. 

Schuylkill  count ij  was  erected  out  of  parts  of 
Berks  county  and  Northampton  county,  by  an  act  of 
assembly,  passed  March  ist,  1811.  In  tliat  act  it  is 
set  forth  that:  "  Whereas,  the  inhabitants  of  the 
northern  parts  of  Berks  and  Northampton  counties, 
have,  by  their  pciiuons,  set  forth  to  the  general  as- 
sembly of  this  state,  ihe  great  hardship  they  labor 
under,  from  being  so  remote  from  the  present  seat  ol 
justice,  and  the  public  ollices:  Be  it  enacted,  4'f- 
That  all  that  part  of  Berks  county,  lying  and  being 
within  the  Imiiis  of  ih.e  fullowhig  townships,  to  wit: 
Tlie  tovvnshi))S  of  Brunswick,  Schuylkill,  Manheim, 
Norwegian,  Upper  JMahautango,  Lower  Mahantango, 
and  Pine  Grove, in  lierks  county;  and  the  townships 
of  West  Penu  and  Rush,  in  Nortiiampton  county, 
shall  be,  and  ihe  samo  aro  hereby,  according  to  their 
present  lines,  declared  to  be  erected  into  a  county, 
henceforth  to  be  called  Schuylkill. 

By  the  same  act,  courts  were  authorized  to  be  held 
at  the  house  tiien  occupied  by  Abraham  Reilfsnyder, 
in  the  township  of  Branswick,  until  a  court  hoiuse 
should  be  built.* 

The  following  is  an  extract  from  the  records  of  the 
court  of  quiirter  sessions  : 

At  a  court  of  qartcr  sessions  held  at  Orwigsburg, 
on  the  third  Monday  in  December,  1811,  before  tlie 
Hon,  Robert  Porlci ,  Esq.,  President  Judge,  the  fol- 
lowing Attornie.?  were  adnntted: 

George  Wolf,  Ciiarles  Evans,  Frederick  Smith,  Wni. 
Witnian,  .fames  B.  Hubley,  John  Spayd,  John  W. 
Collms,  M.  J.  Biddlc,  Samnel  Baud,  John  Ewing. 

•  .• .  .i.li'i;  Laws  :.f  I'a.  V-  p.  ^02. 


216  HISTORY    OF    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY. 

Toiohsh  i'j)s.  Constables. 

Brunswick,  Cliristiau  Kaiip. 

Maiiheim,  Jacob  Emricli. 

Norwegioii,  Isaac  Reed. 

Ginc  Prove,  Chri,sto])lier  Bamlinnl 

Upper  Mahantango,  Peter  Kalirl. 

Lower  Maiianiaiigo,  Joseph  Keller. 

Schuylkill.  George  Olinger. 

West  Peiiii,  None  appeared. 

Rush,  do         do 

Willuiiri  Green,  sLerifl'  of  Schuylkill  county,  h-w- 
iiig  returned  the  precept  to  him  directed,  in  all  I'lings 
duly  executed,  whereupon  the  followijig  per.son.s  ^vcre 
sworn  and  afUrnied  a.s  a  grand  inquest,  viz: 

Bernard  Kcpner,  George  Body,  Jacob  Jluiis;:i, 
Adam  Yost,  Plulip  Fegelly,  Tobias  "NVagoner.  Tsaae 
Yaruell,  Peter  Kau|»,  Conrad  Rader,  Daniel  Feiister- 
macher,  Daniel  l^enshiger,  Pi;ter  Albright,  Ji-v^i^l! 
lleck,  Joseph  Old,  Abraham  lloli'ee,  John  Isioek, 
Daniel  Graeli',  George  llillowgas,  Andrew  (jiii  '  '.i, 
Plulip  Seidle,  (  ;)nratl  Yeager. 


-^-^  CIIAPTEK  II. 

/^'V  TOPOGIJAPHV,  ^c,  OF  TOWNSHIPS. 

■East  Brioiswick  township  is  in  the  southern  pari 
cf  the  county,  and  is  bounded  nortli-east  by  West 
Penn  townsliip :  souih-eust  by  Lehigh  and  Berks 
counties;  south-.vesl  :ihd  west  by  West  ]5runswick; 
nortli  by  Schuylkill  township.  The  surface  of  this 
township  is  diversified;  some  portions  mouutanious, 
some  hilly,  and  undulating.  The  Blue  niouutani 
mns  along  the  southeni  and  Second  mountaui  along 
its  northern  boundary;  tlie  intervening  space  diversi- 
fied. The  soil  is  nalurally  not  i)roaactive.  SonuB 
portion  of  the  land  is  clashed  among  unseated  lands. 
The  population,  in  18  10,  was  1,230.  Taxes,  assessw.1 
in  1844,  for  county  purposes,  $1,0G6  51  ;  state  tax, 
$485  31  ;  on  unseated  lands,  for  county  purposes, 
$25  54;  state  tux,  $V)  21. 

Port  Clint uii,  a  p^st  town,  laid  out  in  1829,  in 
Brunswick  township,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Ta- 
macjiia,  or  Little  Schuylkill  river  with  the  mam  stream 
above  the  Water  Gajs  m  the  Blue  mountain.  It  is 
quite  a  thriving  place,  having  become  sucli  by  the 
sliipinent  of  the  products  of  the  coal  mines  around 
Tamaqua.  Tlie  Little  Scliuylkill  railroad  extends 
from  this  plae...  AwvH  twenty-three  miles,  into  tlic 
coal  fields  about  Tamaqua— ihe  coal   fields   of  the 

Tuscarora  and    Tdruch  Clmnk   mountain;  and   th. 

Schuvlkiil  caiud  nmy  tliruugh  the  town,  wliich  ados 

greatly  to  ihe  pvospeiily  of  the  place.     The  country 
cir^Ki  d  Tort  Clinton  is  vjry  mountainous  and  sU'iili 


250                IfllaTORY    or    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY.  j 

During  tlic  Frencli  and  Indian  war,  the  fev,^  .s<:ai-  j 

tering  inhabitants,  contiguous  to  the  mountain,  and  | 

the  present   boundary  ot"  lierks,  were  occasionally  | 

alarmed  on  account  oCthe  nuu-ders  committed  by  the  i 

savages  that  were  marauding  througli  the  so'atb.eru  | 

portion  of  Schuylkill  county,  (then  Berks.)     The  Ibl-  j 

lowing  account  of  massacres,  eonmiitted  by  tli^;  Indi-  j 

ans,  is  here  insctied,  to  show  the  situation  ef  il^a  \ 

pioneer  settlers  along  the  ]3hie  mountain  :  | 

In  the  early  part  of  February,  1756,  the  lidiani  \ 

committed  several  cruel  and  barbarous  murders  in  ■ 

this  township.     On  the  14th  of  February,  175(J,  the  | 

Indians  came  tu  the  house  of  Frederick  llei^helsdeiderj,  j 

shot  two  of  liis  children,  set  his  house  and  bran  on  | 

fire,  and  burnt  uj)  all  his  grain  and  cattle,     'i'hencc  I 

they  proci^eded  to  ihe  house  of  Jacob  (iurhart.  wlievG  | 

tliey  killed  outi  m;in,  two  women,  and  six  children.  I 

Two  chiidrea  slipped  under  the   bed,  one  of  whidi  ] 

was  burned  ;  the  other  escaped,  and  ran  a  mile  to  | 

get  to  the  peo|)le.  j 

When  tlie  intelligence  of  this  murder  had  reached  ( 
Maxatany,  mr,;iy  of  the  inliabitants  of  that  to\vnship 
repaired  to  Albany,  to  see  what  damage  had  been 

done ;  while  oji  their  way,  they  received  accounts  of  < 

other  murders ;     "When,"  says  Jacob  Levan,  in  a  > 

letter  to  Mr.  Seely,  February  15,  1750,  "  I  had  gat  \ 

ready  to  go  with  my  neighbors  from  Maxatany,  to  % 

see  wliat  damage  was  done  in  Albany,  three  mei.',  1 

that  had  seen  the  shocking  aflair, came  and  loid  rac  ' 

that  eleven  were  killed,  eight  of  them  biu'nt,  and  the  | 

other  three  found  dead  out  of  the  fire.     An  old  man  j 

Avas  scalped,  the  two  others,  litde   girls,  were   not  i 

scalped."*  j 

On  the  24lh  of  March  following,  says  the  Pemisyh  ' 

vania  Gazette,  April  1,  175(i,  ten  wagons,  wenr,  up  Ui  ] 

Allcmaengle,  (Albany)  to  bruig  down  a  family  with  \ 

tlieir  effects;  and  as  they  were  returning,  about  thrc<j  ( 

mihis  belov,'-  George  ZeislolPs,  were  tired  u\>'Ji:i.  by  a  j 

'  iliiiory  01  Ucrks  und Lebanon,  p.. 58,  j 


nisTonr  o?  scruylkill  countt.  251 

number  of  Indians  from  both  sides  of  the  road  ;  upon 
which  the  wagoners  left  their  wagons  and  ran  iuio 
the  woods,  and  the  horses,  frightened  at  the  firing 
and  terrible  yelhng  of  the  Indians,  ran  down  a  hill 
and  broke  one  of  tVie  wagons  to  pieces.  That  the 
enemy  killed  George  Zeislotf  and  his  wife,  a  lad  of 
twenty,  a  boy  of  twelve,  also  a  girl  of  fourteen  yenrs 
old,  four  of  whom  Ihey  sealped.  That  another  girl 
was  shot  in  the  neck,  and  through  the  mouth,  and 
scalped,  noiwillistanding  all  which  she  got  otf.  That 
a  lioy  was  stabbed  in  three  places,  but  the  wounds 
were  not  thought  to  bo  mortal.  That  they  killed  Im'O 
of  the  horses,  and  five  are  missing,  with  which  it  is 
thought  the  Indiruis  carried  otf  the  most  valuable 
goods  that  wure  in  ihe  wagon. 

Sometime  in  November,  1756,  the  Indians  appeared 
again  in  this  township,  and  carried  otf  the  wile  of 
and  three  children  of  Adam  Burns — the  youngest 
child  was  only  four  weuks  old.  In  the  month  of  June, 
1737,  the  Indians  murdered  one  Adam  Trump — they 
took  Trump's  wife  and  his  son,  a  lad  nineteen  yeare 
old,  prisoners;  but  the  woman  escaped,  though  upon 
her  flying,  she  was  so  closely  pursued  by  one  of  tho 
Indians,  (of  which  ihere  were  seven,)  that  lie  threw 
his  tomahawk  at  Iier,  and  cut  her  badly  in  the  neck. 
The  instances  of  murder  were  both  numerous  and 
barbarous  in  this  township. 

Manheim  t'ownship  is  boiyided  on  the  north  by 
Norwegian  township ;  east  by  West  Brunswick ; 
south  by  Berks  count  j,^ ;  and  west  by  Wayne  towii- 
ship.  The  smface  of  the  township  is  diversified;  on 
the  northern  bomidary  is  the  Sharp  mountain ;  the 
Blue  mountain  is  along  the  south,  and  the  Second 
mountain  crosses  the  interval.  The  soil  is  principally 
good — naturally  not  very  productive,  though  we  nteet 
occasionally  some  tolerably  well  improved  farms.  Tlia 
township  is  pretty  well  v/atcred.  The  Schuylkill  river 
v.inds  lh,roLii|h  the  north-eastern  portion  of  it,  iuul 


■t^'^  ■ 


352  HLSTORl''    OF    SCHUrLKILL   COUNTY. 

receives  id  its  course  the  west  branch  of  the  Iii'linii 
I'un,  which  rises  in  tliis  township,  and  flows  i.orth- 
east  along  the  south  side  of  the  Sharp  mouiif;;in. 
'Panther  creek  rises  also  in  this  townshij),  flowi.i;,'^  on 
eastern  dirGction,  and  empties  into  the  Sclniyllcill 
river,  si^,:  miles  west  of  Orwigsburg;  ]ieaver  vAxck^ 
Long  run,  Eear  creek,  and  some  smaller  streams. 

In  18  10,  dji':!  towaiship  contained  thirteen  stoioy- 
four  grist  nulls,  sixteen  saw  mills,  one  fnrnai:(%  one 
forge,  one  powder  mill,  two  tanneries.  Po])ulation 
in  1820,2,104;  iiM8;30,  2,160;  in  KS40,  J.lll. 
Taxes  assessed  m  J  8  1-1,  for  county  })ar^>oses,  i^^i/JOS 
75  ;  state  tax,  $1)23  O.'i. 

Schxi(jlkill  Ilavcn,  a  post  village  and  boron^jli.  irj- 
corporate!]  in  18  1 1 .  is  situated  on  the  left  bank  (M'  d.e, 
Schuylkill  rivi  i,  four  miles  below  Pottsville,  iujmedi- 
ately  below  the  jmiciion  of  the  West  J5rancli,  and 
about  throe  milns  west  of  Orwigsburg.  It  w;is  iuid 
out  in  1829,  by  Mr.  I).  I.  .Rhodes,  and  others.  Tho 
West  Branch  railroad  hero  communicates  wiili  ihe 
Schuylkill  Navigation,  and  the  transhipment  (T  the 
■coal  has  iTeatoil  considerable  business  in  this  ,11:1 -e, 
and  contributed  much  to  the  growth  of  the  ]  l.ice. 
Tiie  town  consists  now  of  about  eighty  goou,  and 
many  small  dwiilings,  iive  stores,  live  tavernn,  two 
clun-ches — an  []pi>iiiopal  and  a  Methodist  cbnich. 
There  is  also  a  (lennan  Reformed  church  m  ar  it. 
The  populaiioi.  mnnbers  about  1,000.  Here  is  a 
weigh  lock  for  cauiil  boats,  a  grist  mill  and  a,  saw 
mill;  two  l)ridges  across  the  river. 

The  railroad  company  has  just  finished  an  exten- 
sive building,  in  the  form  of  a  cupola,  12G  feet  m  di- 
ameter, and  about  100  feet  high.  It  is  intended  fur  a 
"car  de])ot."  h  u'lds  nmch  to  the  appearance  of  the 
town,  which  for  fuieness  of  scenery  can  vie  wuh 
towns  of  gre;ittr  maanitude.  "  Fertile  farms  and  very 
picturosqae  scenciy  surround  the  town,  iied  ihtl 
bright  river  iiere  meanders  among  the  broad  mcadu ws 


HISTOUT    OF    SCinrYLKILL  COITNTY.  S5u 

as  if  delighted  with  being  unrestrained  by  the  rocky 
precipices  of  the  coal  region. 

"The  West  iiranch  railroad  brings  in  the  products  of 
many  rich  mhics.  It  has  been  constructed  in  a  suh- 
stantiai  manner,  and  of  such  dimensions  that  tlio 
heavy  cars  of  the  Heading  railroad,  with  which  it 
here  hitersecls,  njuy  vun  upon  it." 

Branch  loionshij)  is  bounded  on  the  north-west  by 
Barry  township;  north-east  by  Norwegian;  soulh- 
etist  by  Wayuo,  and  souih-west  by  Lower  ]SIahan 
tango.  The  siu'lace  of  this  township  is  diversified; 
the  soil  a  red  shafe  and  gravel,  is  somewhat  fruitful 
if  carefully  cnltivaK^d  ;  and  sufticiently  so,  as  to  am- 
ply repay  the  J:d)or  bestu  wed  upon  it.  The  abim- 
dance  of  aiUfu'acite  coal  adds  infinitely  to  tlie  vahte  ul 
this  township.  A  considerable  portion  is  classed 
among  unseuted  UnuLs.  The  several  ridges  of  the 
JVIahonoy,  and  spurs  of  the  Broad  mountains,  cover 
its  surface.  'i'lic  \Vest  Branch  of  the  Schuylkill 
flows  through  tins  tuwnslup.  In  18-10,  it  contained 
two  grist  mills,  foiiricea  saw  mills,  ciglit  stores.  In 
the  same  year,  there  were  mined  in  this  townsiiii), 
300,000  tons  of  anthracite  coal.  In  1844,  there  were 
mined  a  much  larger  quantity.  The  tax  for  county 
purposes  in  1844,  was  !S>2;25G  59;  state  tax,  i!S914  19  ; 
on  unseated  lands,  for  county  purposes,  ^377  36 ;  state 
tax,  $1.58  09.     PopLdalion  in  1840,  1,44^. 

Minersville,  a  post  town,  incorporated'  int»  a 
borough,  April  L,  1841,  in  Norwegian  tov/nsbip,  is 
beautifnlly  situated,  four  miles  north-west  of  Pott'*' 
ville,  in  a  delightful  valley,  thi-ough  which  the  ^S^esl 
Branch  of  the  Schuylkill  river  meanders  purlingly.  It 
is  a  place'  of  considerable  importance.  The  editoi 
of  the  Miner.i'  Journal  sri.ys,  when  siieakiiig  of  thij 
place,  in  December,  1830  :  ''  A  little  more  than  twelv;j 
moiitlis  ago,  die  present  site  of  the  town  dwelt  in  all 
tJie  loneliness  of  uncultivated  nature,  since  whicli  u 
aspect  hau  undergone  a  wonderful  change  hi  iuipro  te 


^54  HI.ST'JltY    OF    SCHUYLKILL  COUNTTT. 

meiits  inu\  ]JOpalation.  Along  the  margin  of  ihe 
town,  tlie  West  Bianch  Tail  road  extends,  and  termi^ 
nates  at  Sdiuylldll  Haven,  distance  seven  miles  and 
■a  halt"  ficiii  Miiieisville,  aflbrding  an  easy  and  expe- 
ditions mode  of  transportation.  Tlie  principal  stvccf, 
bears  the  name  of  Snnbury,  on  which  are  sitnated  all 
the  stoics  aiicl  pidjlic  bnildings,  It  was  fortneily  tbc 
■old  Sunbury  road,  comnunhcating  with  therith  val- 
leys in  the  direction  of  the  Susquehanna.  The 
northern  portion  ol  the  village  is  firm  dry  soil,  grad- 
ually rising  and  ulTording  a  southern  exposure  of 
favorable  character  for  private  dwellings,  Seven 
large  houses  have  already  been  erected  during  the 
present  season  on  this  .spot,  by  Messrs.  Ikmict  &  Gil- 
more,  together  with  a  number  of  small  buildings  in 
the  same  qnaiter.  Last  spring  there  were  Ijui  .vix 
dwellings  in  all,  since  which  there  has  been  an  in- 
•crease  of  forty -nine  substantial  houses."* 

At  present  tlie  town  consists  of  rising  one  Inuidred 
dwellings,  many  of  which  are  commodious;  .six 
taverns,  nine  siores,  five  churches;  one  Welsh  Cal- 
vinistic,  Welsb  Haptist,  Welsh  New  School  Prisby- 
terian,  ISIethoJist,  and  German  Reformed  and  Lu- 
theran; a  /louring  mill,  steam  sawmill,  foundeiy.  car 
manufactory, and  a  number  of  warehouses.  The  lo;','U 
is  surrounded  by  mines  and  coal  hills,  aboundnig  in 
anthracite  coal  of  good  quality. 

The  first  machine  lor  breaking  coal  in  this  rouniy, 
was  erected  on  Wolf  creek,  near  tliis  town,  by  Mr. 
Bast.  ^Ve  sa',>/  tliis  machine  at  work,  and  it  seein.s  lo 
answer  a  good  i)urpose,  for  it  saves  a  vastamoinit  (if 
labor. 

Llewtlhjn,  which  it  obtained  from  a  Welsh  njner, 
David  Llewellyn,  is  a  brisk  village,  on  the  West 
^^rancli  of  tlic  Schuylkill,  consisting  of  some  fii'ty  or 
sixty  dwellings,  three  taverns  and  several  stores. 
There  is  considearahle  business  done  here. 

Tv/o  miles  and  a  half  north-west  from  lh<;  vhiiigc 

"J.Ia.ijva's  Iv-'.  l-'a.,  V^jI.  vii.  p.  IG. 


UITSOUy    OF    SCHUYLKILL  COUNTY.  255 

is  the  iiauici.se  tiiiin.?!  of  the  New  York  company. 
It  is  driven  into  the  Broad  mountain,  and  wide 
enough  I'or  a  doullo  track  of  railroad. 

Loiver  Mahantango  iowmhip*  is  bounded  on  th< 
north  by  Upper  Mahantango  township  ;  on  the  north- 
east by  liarry  and  Brancli  townships  ;  south  by  Pine 
Grove;  and  south-west  by  J)auphin  county.  Tlie 
Maliantango  mountain  extends  along  its  northern 
boiuidary,  dividing  this  township  from  Upper  Ma- 
hantango. The  Ih-oad  mountain  crosses  it  from 
souiU-west  to  n(irtli-e[).st,  and  the  Sharp  mountahi 
runs  on  and  near  the  southern  line.  The  surface  u 
diversified,  mountainous,  hilly  and  undulating;  and 
portions  of  it  very  rugged  and  broken;  a  consideni- 
ble  proportion  is  classed  among  "unseated  land." 
Many  of  its  valleys,  for  they  are  numerous,  and  hill 
sides  are  productive,  having  a  soil  of  red  shale— am- 
ply repaying  ihelaboi-  expended  on  its  improvement. 
It  is  watered  and  drained  by  Long  Pine  creek,  which 
crosses  the  township  from  east  to  west;  Deep  cruek 
and  the  Swatara  from  the  southern  part  of  the  town- 
ship. In  Deep  creuk  valley,  anthracite  coal  abounds. 
In  1S40  it  contained  four  stores,  five  grist  mills,  tliir- 
teen  saw  mills,  two  lanneries.  Population  in  18'JO. 
937  ;  in  1830,  1,234  ;  in  1840,  1,465.  Taxes  assessed 
in  1844,  for  county  purposes,  $1,384  36;  state  tax, 
$588  24.  Taxes  cu  ujiseatvd  lands — county  tax, 
ig52S  34;  state  tax,  *21 1  47. 

Barry  toivnship  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Up- 
per Mahantango  to  v/iiship ;  north-east  by  Norwegian  • 
.south-east  by  Pranch ;  and  south-west  by  Lower 
Mahantango.     The  surface  is  hilly  and  mountainous 

»Since  1810,  rr/icr  ioumi/iip  lias  been  erected,  and  is  bounded 
on  ;ht!  east  by  Lower  Mah;\nt:uigo  ;  south  by  Pine  Uiove  lowi- 
ship  ;  west  by  Daupliin  county.  Tlii«>  township  has  nnicli  "un- 
seated laud,"  the  ta.':  upon  wiiich  was,  m  1814,  :^-lI9  Hi).  Tr.e 
county  tax  on  re;>i  ami  pers..iif;l  estate,  besides  on  unsealed  la:.  1, 
in  !S4'l,was  ;187  OG ;  state  tax,  1^87  ,50. 


556  ni.sTO.UY    OF    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY. 

The  sovoral  lidges  ot'  the  Mahahony  and  spih;.  of  iK? 
]iroad  mountain  cover  its  surface, but  theinterveniiig 
valleys  have  a  soil  of  red  shale  and  are  tolerably 
productive.  Much,  however,  of  the  land  is  classed 
among  '■  unseated  lands." 

In  oiio  of  these  valleys,  to  the  south-east,  ilowa 
i)eep  creek  into  I-ong  Phie  creek,  which  also  rises  in 
this  township.  The  Great  Mahonoy  and  Littlu  JVIa- 
honoy  creeks,  both  considerable  streams,  liow  througl) 
this  lo'vnshipj  tlie  former  rises  in  liush  township, 
and  liows  west,  soutli-west,  along  the  south  side  of 
the  JNIahonoy  ridge,  about  fifty  miles,  and  falls  into 
the  Susquchaima  river,  eleven  nnles  below  Sunbury. 
About  oue-li:ilf  its  course  towards  its  mouth  is  in 
Nortlnunb(!ri;ind  county.  In  1840,  it  contained  two 
stores,  one  forge,  thrt^e  grist  mills,  twenty-three  saw 
mills.  Population  in  1830,  44:3-,  hi  1840,  (139.  Taxts: 
levied  in  1844,  for  county  purposes,  ^795  K>  ;  slate 
tax,  $235  30  Taxes  on  unsealed  /am/s,  for  Ccunt], 
purposes,  $377  30  ;  state  tax,  $158  OU. 

Fi?te  Ciruvi:  township  is  one  of  tlie  south  wesl-'it 
townships,  and  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Toils 
townshij),  erected  since  1840  ;  east  by  Wayne  ;  soutii 
by  lierkscouniy;  and  west  by  Lebanon  and  Dauphiij 
counties.  Tlie  surlace  of  this  township  is  gtiit  rally 
very  mountainous,  though  we  meet  with  lu.re  and 
there  an  inviting  and  fertile  spot,  rendered  prudiictiv-:; 
by  the  pcrsovcring  hand  of  industry,  A  considerable 
proportion  is  classed  among  "  unseated  lands." 

"This  township  is  drained  by  the  Swatara  creek, 
whose  branches  traverse  it  in  every  direction.  Along 
tlie  main  stream  of  the  Swatara,  which  Hows  on  die 
north  side  of  the  lUue  mountain,  runs  the  navigable 
feeder  of  ilie  Union  canal,  including  the  Groat  J)ani 
Oi-  Artilicia.l  Lake,  made  by  the  Union  Canal  (Join- 
pany,  in  a  narrow  part  of  the  gorge  of  the  nuKmlaiu 
through  which  the  creek  passes.  This  grcc't  worl: 
Bxtciidy  across  the  pass,  abutted  by  solid  rocks,  fo\;i 


HISTOUV    or    .•^ClfiJl'-LKILL   COUNTY.  257 

liundred  and  thiny  feet,  oj id  the  water  which  is  ar- 
rested, covers  between  seven  and  eight  hundred  acres. 
A  towing  jjath  is  constructed  along  the  margin  to  the 
head  of  the  pond,  a  distance  of  six  miles,  I'rom  which 
■fjlace  the  canal  has  been  contiiuied  four  miles  to  the 
village  ot"  Pine  Grove,  wliere  basins  have  been  made 
•to  facilitate  the  coal  trade." 

A  gentleman,  William  liank,  Esq.,*  in  a  comnm- 
Tiication  tu  the  wrjier,  speaking  of  the  Great  J)am, 
says  :  •'  The  Union  Canal  Company  erected  a  dam  in 
the  Swatara  (ra]>,  of  innnense  altitude,  for  a  dam; 
forty-five  leet,  i.';  die  lieiglit  of  it !  This  dam  inun- 
•dates  about  eight  hundred  acres  of  land;  and  the 
5)ond  forms  a  coinpleie  artiiicial  lake,  and  proves,  oc- 
casionally, a  dealli  place  for  some  deer,  which,  to 
elude  tlie  chase  of  dcgs,  take  to  the  deep  and  are 
there  taken.  There  ate  still  some  deer  in  the  moun- 
tains, not  distant  from  the  dam.  Tiie  way  hunters 
manage  to  take  deer  is,  to  set  their  dogs  in  pursuit  of 
them,  and  during  the  chase,  some  of  the  party  of  the 
hunters  do  take  stations  near  and  along  the  pond  or 
lake  ;  when  the  deer  n'c  hotly  i)ursued  by  the  dogs, 
they  make  for  the  water,  and  thus  are  taken,  in  some 
leases  alive,  by  the  hunters. 

"  The  daril  was  constructed  to  serve  as  a  reservoir, 
to  feed  the  'canal — it  liceds  feeding,  for  it  consumes 
much  to  kee])  all  its  junctions  moving— and  afso  to 
answer  as  a  slack  water  navigation,  for  the  distance 
of  si-Y  miles,  towards  Pine  l^rove,  and  tlie  coal  region, 
Wiiat  changes!" 

In  1840,  it  contained  six  stores,  two  furnaces,  one 
forge,  three  grist  mills,  twelve  saw  mills.  Population 
in  1820,  1,808,  (Including  part  of  Wayne;)  in  1830, 
1,609  ;  in  18  10,  1,G05.  besides  those  of  ''  Pine  Grove 
borough."  Taxes  assessed  in  1844,  i'oi  county  pur- 
poses,^ $1,42G  53  ;  state  tax^  $642  47.  (For  tho 
borough,  $'3C>\   ;i,'.! ;  S151   57.)      Taxes  on  unseated 

•H-icry  c  r  UeiK.~  dad  Leb.  tijri,  p.  S50, 

Q  .      '     '    ' 


258  HISTOUY    OF    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY. 

lands,  for  (bounty  purposes,  $632  39;  state  tax  on 
^auie,$25C  71. 

Fine  Gnn'c,  post  town  and  borough  of  Pine  (irove 
township,  is  a  beautiful  and  busy  j)lacc,  situate  ;u  the 
base  of  tlie  Bhic  niountain,  on  the  Swatara  crcclc, 
about  fiftetn  miles  v/est  of  the  river  SchuylkiU,  and 
eighteen  from  PotlsviUe.  It  may  be  emi)hatically' 
termed  a  business  place,  for  everyone  in  it  appears 
to  be  eiuployed — "  loafers  and  idlers  are  scarce/' 

"It  is  il'O  principal  shippiaig  depot  of  the  wostcni 
isection  of  the  great  anthracite  coal  basig,  possessing 
facilities  for  transpovialion  through  the  niedinin  o(  the 
Union  canal,  a  branch  of  which  extends  ta  this  ])hu'i',,, 
and  terminates  in  kisins  made  far  boats,  from  which 
a  railroad  lead:i-  to  the  coal  region,  and  siiveral 
branches  of  it  to,  different  coal  mines,  on  l^arlierry 
creek,  four  or  five  miles  from  the  town,  by  mens  ol 
which  coals  arc  coi|veyed  to  the  shi])ping  depot. 
Here  the  Inisy  hum  of  active  em,ployment,  joined  iu 
the  rumbling  ,0,1  the  car  wheels,  and  the  rattlir.g  of 
tlie  arti<;lo  as.il,  is  unUxuled  into. the  boats,  breaks 
pleasantly  upt\n  the  ear  through  the  quiet  whi(  li  cu- 
velopes  the  dw(tdling, portion  of  the. borough."' 

The  town  haj  several  streets  and  about  one  hiui- 
dred  dwellings  ^  severyil  large,  commodious  hotels,  six 
or  seven  sto^^rj,  a  large  (lerman  Reformed  and 
Lutheran  church,  an  academy,  several  mills.  'J'here  is 
also  a  forge  contiguous,  estal)li.shed  since  1S28.  He- 
fore  the,  commengement  of  the,  coal  trade,  ibis  region 
was  sparsely  iidiabited  by  a  few  scjtttered  German 
farmers,  and  sqme  lumbermen  ;  lor  there  was  a  time, 
not  more  than  thirty  years  ago,  when  lumber  and 
building  ma tari:'4.3v,' ere  bronglit,  in  great  qnantuiv'^s 
down  the  Swatara,  and  landed  at  Jonestoun,  ia 
Lebanon  couuly,  O'om  which  those  of  TulpehockLn, 
Muleback,  and.  otliers,  were  supplied  ;  but,  sitico 
the  tallies  have,  t\iriied,  lumber  of  various  kiads  k 
Lirouglii  uj)  the  canal  from   Portsmouth,  on  the  Su^ 


.^■ 


HISTORY    OF    SCHUYLKILL  COUNTY.  259 

qiiehanna,  lo  Pine  Grove  and  intermediate  places. 
These  cliangcs  have  proved  reverses  to  many.  The 
future  prosperiiy  of  tfjis  place  will  depend  much  upon 
the  faciUties  afTordcd  in  tfan.sporting  coal  to  market. 
Pine  G).ove  v/as  incorporated,  March  7,  1843. 
'  Since  the  commencemont  of  the  coal,  business,  a 
considerable  (juantiiy  of  coal  has  been,  shipped  from 
Pine  Grove;  in  1837,  17,000  tons;  in  1.-838,  13,000; 
in  1S3!J,  ^30,6,59;  in  1.840,  23,a<j0',  in  Ifi-tl^  17,653.; 
in  1842,  33,331;  in  1843,22,905;  in  1844,  34,916; 
making  an  aggrugate,  hi  eight  years,  of  182,354  tons. 
If  liie  Union  canal  were  widened  so  as  to  admit 
large  boats,  the  quantity  sliipped  here  would  be  ma- 
terially increa.:j'  d. 

.Sivataraviilc^  near  Pnie  Grove,  is  a  small  village^ 
consisting  of  a  few  old  looking  dwellings. 

y  Hush  township  is  bounded  on  the  northrwest  by 
Union  township  ;  north-east  by.  Carbon  county ;  south 
by  West  Penn  townslii[/^;  and  south-west  by  Scliuyl- 
kill  townshii).  This,  like  other  townships. in  this  re- 
gion, is  co'C^ered  to  isome  considerable  extent  with 
mountains  and  liigh  hills,  not  yet  thoroughly, explored, 
except  the  southern  section,  whichiabounds  with  coal 
mines.  It  is  said  that  there  is  a  salt  spring  hi  this 
township,  near  tlie  mouth  of  Panther. creek,  a  small 
tributary  of  the  Little  Schuylkill  riv^r.-  In  1820,  this 
township  contained  only  253  inhabitants;  in  1830, 
359;  in  1840,  370.  It  contains  several  villages  or 
towns. 

Home,  laid  out  son.e  ten  or  fifteen  years  ago,  by 
the  Messrs.  Duncan  of  Pliiladelphia,  is  situated  in 
Locust  valley,  at  tlie  intersection  of  the  Catawissa  and 
lierwick  road.--,  "  It  is  ^;aid  to  ])ossess  advantages  not 
common  in  this  part  of  the  country;  to  be  surround- 
ed by  good  iarm  land,  having  abundance.of  limestone 
in  the  neigliborliood.'^     It  consists  of  few  houses. 

Patier!ion,n?.m(idi  aftur  ihird  Patterson,  Esq.,  is  on 
Jh'.'  ;■'  :hnylkill  valley  railroad,  about  seven  miles  from 


f 


: 


^r 


niSTOUY    OF    SCHUYLKILL  COUNTY.  25.0 

queluinna,  to  Pine  Grove  and  intermediate  places. 
These  cliangcs  liave  proved  reverses  to  many.  The 
future  prospcriiy  of  t}4s  place  will  depend  much  upon 
tiie  facilities  afforded  in  iransporiing  coal  to  market. 
Pine  Gjove  was  incorporated,  March  7,  1843. 
'  Since  the  commencement  of  the  coal,  business,  a 
considerable  quantiry  of  coal  has  been,  shipped  from 
Pine  Grove;  in  1837,  17,000  tons;  in  1-838,  13,000; 
in  lb3!J,  iiO,6.39;  in  1.840,  23,860;  in  18-Uj,  17,653.; 
in  1842,  32,331;  iu  1843,22,905;  in  1844^  34,916; 
making  an  aggregate,  in  eight  years,  of  182,354  tons, 
If  tlie  Union  canal  were  widened  so  as  to  adnnt 
large  boats,  the  quantity  shipped  here  would  be  ma- 
terially increased. 

,SiuaiaraoiiL,  near  Pme  Grove,  is  a  small  village, 
consisting  of  a  few  old  looking  dwellings. 

■  Hush  township  is  bounded  on  the  riorlhrwest  by 
Union  township  ;  north-east  by.  Carbon  county  ;  south 
by  West  Penn  townsliip.;  and  soutli-west  by  Sclmyl- 
kill  township.  Thi.s,  like  other  towuships-m  this  re- 
gion, is  covered  to  some  considerable  extent  with 
mountains  and  high  hills,  not  yet  thoroughly.explored, 
except  the  southern  section,  which .abotmds  with  coal 
.mhies.      It  is  said  that  there  is  a  salt  spring  hi  this 

township,  near  the  mouth  of  Panther. creek,  a  small 
tributary  of  the  Little  Schuylkill  riv^r;  In  1820,  this 
township  contained  only  25',^  inhabitants;  in  1830, 
359;  in  1840,  370.  It  contains  several  villages  or 
towns. 

■  Home,  laid  out  some  ten  or  fifteen  years  ago,  by 
the  Messrs.  Dutican  o{  Philadelphia,  is  situated  in 
Locust  valley,  at  the  intersection  of  the  Catawissa  and 
lierwick  road.s.  "  It  is  ';aid  to  ])ossess  advantages  not 
common  in  this  part  of  the  country;  tobe  surroimd- 
ed  by  good  iarm  land,  having  abundance.of  limestoui 
iu  the  neighborhood.'^     It  consists  of  few  houses. 

P«//t?A9on,  named  after  iiurd  Patterson,  Esq.^is  oi: 
the  :•'  ^iuiylkii;  valley  railroad,  about  seven  miles  from 


*  2r>0  jnSToUY    Oh     SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY. 

Port  Carbon,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Big  creek  wifh 
the  Schuylldll  river.  It  was  laid  out  by  Burd  Pailcr- 
son,  Swift  and  Porter,  in  1830,  and  contains  twenty 
dwelliiujs,  two  taverns.  In  tlie  sunny  days  of  this 
once  bustling  village,  Messrs.  llalsey  &  Ruunion 
erected  a  brewery,  which  has,  however,  been  ;d)ai!- 
doned  for  some  years.  JNIiiiehill,  abounding  w.'.th  ex- 
cellent anthracite  coal,  approaches  the  town,  and  no 
doubt  will  furnish  the  means  of  the  future  prosperity 
of  the  place. 

The  first  soUlenicnt  made  in  the  vicinity  of  tiii.> 
village,  was  by  John  Bushey,  between  1785  and  1  790. 
Bushey  afterwards  sold  it  to  Mr.  John  Seltzer. 

Tuscarorn,  a  post  village,  in  Rush  township,  on  tht 
north  side  of 'i'uscarora  mountain,  at  the  head  waters 
of  the  Schuyll.ill   river,  and  on  the   Shuylkill  v;i!ley 
railroad,  was  laid  out  in  1830,  by  Joseph  LyL-n.     Ii 
is  one  of  the  Alladin  lamp  creations  of  the  coal  trade., 
and  consists  of  twenty  dwellings,  nnich  scattered,  two 
taverns  and  one  store.     The  principal  part  of  the 
town,  with  a  b.rge  tract  of  land,  is  held  by  Stevenson. 
and  Schuylkill   company.     Formerly  it  was  chiefly 
inhabited  by  miners,  who  depended  on  the  coal  trade. 
Near  the  village  is  an  extensive  coal  jnine,  which  ha.-. 
been  v/iu-ked  for  nine  years,  by  James  Palmer,  bu: 
at  present  it  is  not  in  operation.     The  village  is  loca- 
ted in  a  wild  and  barren  country,  and  its  futme  pros- 
perity depends  ni)on  the  success  of  coal  business  liere. 
The  railroad  terminates  liere,  eoimecting  with  Port 
Carbon.     Some  ten  years  ago.  Bell  &  Son,  erceied  a 
large  commodious  frame  building,  which  was  orcu- 
pied  several  years  as  a  hotel;  but  owing  to  a  change 
of  times,  it  lias  not  l)een  occupied  as  such  for  the  last 
six  years.     The  first  settlers  in  and  about  Tn-;carora. 
,    were  George  Raber,  Jacob  Ladig,  Peter  Ladig  ai'd 
Henry  Schcll.     l\Ir.  Raber  resided  lor  many    year.^, 
one  mile  Av^est  of  Tuscarora,  where  he  had  pn.ch;.sf:i> 
an  improvement  made  by  George  Freheio,si.\iy  yca^s 


HISTOKIT    or    SCilUYI.ICILL  COUNTY.  2GI 

ago.     Rheiuhard,  Korslier,  and  Fries,  were  early  set- 
tlors east  ot'Tuscarora. 

Tamaqua,  a  i^jst  town  and  village,  laid  out  by  the 
Lehigli  Coal  aiui  Navi^ailion  Company,  ui  1829,  is  sit- 
uated ill  a  dell,  ])et\veon  the  Sharp  and  Locust  moun- 
tains, where  scarcely  ground  enough  was  found  for 
«;.  sites  for  houses  and  gnrdrns  hy  scraping  away  the 
":  rocks  that  incumbered  it.  It  is  on  the  Tamaqua,  or 
Little  Schuylkill  river,  seven  miles  fiom  where  it 
rises,  and  seventeen  above  its  junction  with  the  main 
streani,  and  fifletu  fi-onk  Pottsville.  At  present  it  is 
(juite  a  brink  place.  Like  many  of  the  coat  tuivns, 
the  houses  are  not  built  hard  by  each  other — rather 
ill  straggling  ch'sters,  numbering  in  all  one  hundred 
and  tbirty  dwellings;  sonu  of  which  are  substantially 
built.  It  contains  six  taverns,  four  stores  ;  formerly 
also  a  brewery,  one  Catholic  church,  one  Episcopal, 
one  German  Reformed  and  Lutheran;  a  car  and  coach 
manufactory.     Population  500. 

,  The  inhabitants  mainly  depend  on  the  coal  trade  ; 
for  anthracite  coal  is  abundant  here,  fownd  hi  large 
veins,  and  o(  excellent  quality.  The  coal  lands  in  the 
vicinity,  are  principally  owned  by  the  Lehigh  Coal 
Company.  The  coal  mines  worked  here  are  above 
water  level.  The  veins  of  coal  are  alpliabetically 
enumerated;  several  of  them  have  been  successfully 
mined.  Vein  D,  on  ilie  east  side  of  the  Little  Schuyl- 
kill, or  Tamaqua  river,  lias  a  drift  into  it,  of  3,300  feet 
in  length,  from  which  one  hundred  tons  of  coal  are 
daily  taken.  From  tlie  same  vein,  on  the  west  side 
of  the  river,  fifty  or  sixty  tons  are  daily  taken  out. 
Both  worked  by  the  Little  Schuylkill  Company.  Vein 
E,  on  east  side  of  Taniaqjra,  has  a  drift  of  2,200  feet, 
out  of  which  one  hundred  and  forty  tons  are  daily 
taken.  Vein  E,  lins  not  been  worked  on  the  west 
side.  Vehi  F,  has  a  drift  of  2,300  ftet,  worked  on  the 
ea,st  and  w.;ot.  Vein  E  and  F  are  worked  by  Mi, 
Parter.  \^\m  A,  B,  and  C,  higher  up  Taniaqua, 
hav  '  i.\ol  yet  bet:ii  opened.      Veins  0,  P,  Q,  and  l( , 


262  iiisTORY  or  schuylkill  county. 

are  south  of  tl-e  village.  Q  is  the  only  one  worked 
There  is  a  railroad  from  Port  Clinton  to  ']'ania(iua. 
It  is  said  tu  be  the  best  in  these  regions,  and  so  n-'arly 
level,  that  the  iiorses  whieli  drag  tlie  car,  go  up  i:.  [U 
the  rate  oi'  ten  miles  an  hour.  From  the  winihng 
course  oi'  die  river,  it  was  found  necessary,  in  the  con- 
struction of  this  railroad,  to  cross  the  Taniaqua  river 
several  times,  v/iiich  is  done  on  covered  bridges. 

Those  Avlio  delight  in  mountain  scenery,  will  be 
fully  gratifi:d  in  a  ride  on  this  railroad,  which  ruiu  lis 
whole  distance  liy  the  side,  or  in  the  neighborlund  of 
hills,  lifting  then-  tree-crowned  summits  high  inlc  ti'L 
clouas.  I 

Acontinuatiou  of  this  railroad  from  Tamatiua,  U\  ] 

connect  with  iho  Quakahe  and  Crfttawissa  railroad.  i 

has  been   projected,  hut  never  made.     A  stage  read  | 

connects  Tanuujna  ^v'ith  Mauch  Cliunk  railrujid,  five  ', 

miles  east  at  the  Suiunut  Mines,  and  with  the  Sd.iiyi--  I 

kill  valley  railroad,  four  miks  west,  at  Tuscaroa.  | 

1 

Sckiii//kill  tcumship  is  one  of  the  -central  iir.vi;-  \ 
ships  of  this  coiuily,  and  is  ibounded  on  the  iionh 
west  by  Union  'township  ;  north-east  by  IJusli  and 
West  Penn;  so'.ith  by  East  Brunswick  and  Wcit 
Brunswick  ;  soiuh-west  by  Manheim  and  Norwe- 
gian towiishijis,   'It  tomprehends  a  ricli  section  iA  the 

coal  region,  ha '.nig  within  it  the  Sharp  mouniainj  ] 

Mine  hill,  or  Locust  mountain,  the  Bi'oad  movmtain  ^ 

and  the  Alahonoy  mountain,  in  all  of  which  anthra-  \ 

cite  coal  aboiuuls  ;  it  embraces  the  greater  portion  of  J 

the  Schuylkill  A'allty  Railroad,  along  whicli  a  vast  \ 

mmiber  of  minea  have  been  opened.  (See  descrij  tion  1 

below,  of  Schr.ylkill  valley.)     The  Cattawissa  cr::-ak  ; 

crosses  the  northurn  section  of  the  townsliip,  where  it  I 

is  navigable  for  canoes;  and  the  Great  and  Littlii  M\\~  > 

honoy  creeks 'cross  it  ««uth-'\vestwardly;  and  smuiIi  oI  i 

the  Sharp  mountain,  'ilambling  creek  flowt   i;i  llie  * 

same  direction  towards  the  Schuylkill,  below  .Mi»v.hi  | 

Carb:))!.  It  contains  the  villages  of  Middlepoil,  Greeji-  | 

i 
I 


MISTOr.y    01^    ^.cnUYI-KILL   COUNTY.  263 

field,  Louisbuig,  Paiterson,  Bell  Forest,  Five  Point 
Mines,  Cumbulb,  New  Philadelphia,  &c. 

•The  roads  iVom  M'KeansLurg  to  Cattawissa  and 
Sunhury,  pass  through  the  township.  The  surface 
of  the  country  is  mountainous;  the  soil  chietly  of 
white  gravel,  alternating  with  red  shale,  and  gener- 
ally sterile;  a '  considerable  portion  of  it  is  classed 
i  i  among  '*  unseated  lands.'' 
■•  Louisburg,   a   small   village,   on  the   road   from 

M'Keanshurg  to  Cattawissa,  about  eight  miles  north- 
west 0*1  Orwig.sburg.     Ii  consists  of  ftve  or  sixdwell- 
•        ingsS,  one  tavern  nnd  a  store. 

Tins  township  liad,  in  1840,  two  grist  mills,  nine 
•  saw  niihs  and  four  stores  Population  in  1820,  540  ; 
in  ISJO,  1,200;  in  ISiO,  1,:334  ;  dt  present,  (1845,) 
rising  1,500.  The  Taxes  assessed  for  1844,  amounted 
to,  for  county  purposes,  $1,877  GO;  state  purposes, 
1^743  83.  Taxes  on  miseated  lands — county  tax, 
^184  45  ;  state  tax,  ^::73  76. 

Here  is  inserted  a  description  o{  Schuylkill  valley, 
&.C.,  written  twelve  Y<;ars  ago,  since  which  time,  im- 
/portant  ciiangcs  have  been  made.  It  is  principally 
irom  Hazard's  l(egi:?[er: 

"  This  valley  is  narrow,  and  lies  between  the  Sharp 
mountain  and  iMine  hill,  and  commencing  near  Potts- 
ville,  runs  eastwardly  about  thirteen  miles,  liotl) 
sides  of  the  valley  abound  with  excellent  anthracite 
coal.  The  river  HchiiylkilL,  which  is  here  but  a  creek, 
has  its  course  from  its  primal  fountain,  through  this 
valley;  and  the  valuable  mines  arc  approached  by 
the  railroad  that  fullinvs  the  banks,  which  are  nearly 
jiarallel  with  the  ducctiun  of  the  coal  strata.  Deep 
ravines  extend  Irom  the  road  northward,  to  Mine  hill, 
through  which  comm.jnly,  a  small  stream  of  water 
runs,  cutting  the  veins  transversely,  so  that  they  can 
be  advantageously  v/oiked  above  the  -water  level. 
Th.is  abinit  tv/'o  miles  above  Por-t  C>arbon,  at  die 
mouth  of  Zaciiariah's  run,  otre  the  "  I^ioe  Point 
Midcs,'''  wl;ich  are  very  extensive,  and  produce  iirf.'l 


264  iriSTOur  of  schuylkill  county. 

rate  coal.     Along  the  run  a  lateral  railroad  may  It 
made  cc^umianicaiiug  with  many  valuable  coal  beds. 
One  mile  above  Bolton  Cm-ry's  mine,  is  the   "  Bopp 
Tract''  owned  by  Messrs.  Hubley.     Indian  nm  di- 
vides this  tract,  along  which  a  lateral  road   moy  be 
also  made  to  mines  of  approved  quality.     The  next, 
upon  the  river,  is  the  "  Barloio  and  Evans  Traf^tP 
near  the  mouth  of  Silver  creek,  ibur  miles  above  Port 
Carbon.     This  stream  passes  through  Mine  hill,  and 
gives  access  to  the  large  and  valuable  tracts  of  Messrs. 
Burd   Paltxjison,   Geissenheimer  and  others,     rjn  the 
Glenworth;  and   Valley    Furnace  tracts,  is  auodier 
lateral  road,  a  mile  abo«e  which  is  another  stieLun, 
running  ihrough   the    Valley    Furnace  propeny,  up 
which  a  lateral  rt^ail  has  also  b^en  made   to    sonii:;      \ 
five  mines.     Above  this  lies  Middleport,  a  new  pqst      \ 
town,  at  thiS  conlluence  of  the  Kaskawilliam  creek      | 
with  the  Schuylkill  siver.     Up  this  stream,  laterals      \ 
have  beeii  made  to  the  Mine  hill,  by  the  })roprietors      \ 
of  the  land  known  as  the  "  Jacob.  Stahl^^  "  Oliugci-,''      \ 
and    "  Bushtij     Traof.s;"   on   eaoh    of  which,  open        j 
ings  have  been  made  into  beds  of  ooal  of  good  (piahjy.       . 
The  next  lateral  road  is  up  Laurel  creek,  to  the  I)e-       j 
long  collieries,  owned    by  Mr.  ].auton,  and  Llighr,      | 
Wallace,  ^  Co.     One  mile  above  this,  is  the  tou  n  oi 
Pattersoii,  owp.cd  by  Messrs.  Bmxi    Patterson,  Swift      | 
&  Porter.     Big  creek,  which  penetrates  the  Mine  hill,.      | 
and   divides,  tlie  coal  strata  advantageously,  passes      j 
through  tlus  phice.     The  river  road   and    iSIiivj  tnl!,      j 
are  much  nearer    to  each  other,  than  below,  liaviiig      \ 
gradually  converged  from  a  mile  above  Port  Carbon.      j 
As  the  road  follows  the  course  of  the  river,  at  ninny      j 
of  the  bends  it  intersects  the  veins  transversely,  for      j 
they  range  inyaaahly  seventeen  degrees  north  o\[  east.       , 
Tills  circunjstauce  is  \v;orihy  of  notice,  as  it  sianvs      j 
that  the  coa.1  is  by  nft,  means  cwifmed  to  the  north.      ; 
side  of  the  river  ;.  and  there  am  on  the  si^.nib  side 
several  nup  tracts,  as   at  MiddUport,  the    \  aiuablfi 
properly  of  Messrs.  Ropb  and  David  Winebrenhpv. 
cf  Philadelphia,  knuwu,  as  the  ''-Jacob  LaclivJ'  upjI 


HIT-SCUY    Oi'    SCII'JYI.KILL   COONTY.  2();) 

part  ef  tliat  owmul  liv  Messrs.  Porter,  Enierick,  and 
Kom,  called  iho  "  Hkster  Tract:'  Next  above  Pat. 
terson,  lies  the  "  Petur  Ladii(  Tract"  of  Mr.  Biddle, 
and  the  ''  Jiab-r  Tract,''  owned  hythe  same  geutle- 
lUan,  and  Mr,  EdwDi  Swilt.  These  are  rich  in  coal,. 
and  advantageously  siaialed.  Pebble  run  divides  the 
Slrata  finely  lor  mining  operations,  about  a  mile  and 
a  half  above  Big  creek.  It  passes  over  '' Jiaber 
jyacty"  and  divides  Mine  hill,  here  called  "  Locust 
mountain:'  Next  to  d.e  "  liaber  Tract"  is  the 
«  Tuscarora  Tract''  of  Mr.  William  Lawton,  Blight, 
Wallace  &  Co.- -a  hu  jie  t.aet.  The  next  tract  above 
this,  is  also  a  large  one,  belonging  to  Jose])h  Lyons 
and  Jacob  Alter.  Tlie  river  risers  from  tlie  springs 
of  this  tract,  which  divide  the  ground  advantageously 
for  mining.  The  veins  which  we  have  just  noticed, 
are  said  to  have  four  hundred  breast  above  the  water 
level." 

Union  township  v.^  iii  the  north-eastern  part  of  the 
county,  and  is  bound. -d  us  follows  :  On  the  north  by 
Luzerne  co\m(y  ;  .sonUi-east  and  souih  l)y  Rush  and 
Schuylkill  townshi[)s  ;  west  and  north-west  by  Colum 
bia  comity.  This  lowiiship  is  mostly  covered  with 
mountahis,  and  higli  vugged  hills  ;  and  until  late  had 
been  but  little  explored,  except  die  southern  portions 
of  it.  A  considerable  proportion  of  it  is  classed 
among  unsealed  lands.  It  is  bul  si)arsely  populated. 
\\\  1;8  10,  it  contained !»()()  inhabitants.  The  county  tax 
assessed  in  18  11,  on  veal  estate  and  personal  property, 
amounted  to  $(i  10  71)  ;  for  state  purposes,  i^30S  85. 

Upper  Mahantar.g()  towns/iip,  a  north-w^estern 
township,  is  b(mud(;d  on  the  nortli  and  north-west  by 
Norlhiunberlimd  couiily;  east  by  Norwegian  town- 
ship ;  south  by  Barry  and  Lower  Mahantango  town- 
ships ;  on  tliu"  Y/est  by  Dauphin  county.  The  surface 
is  hilly— it  is  a  '■  congr'/gation  of  hills;"  having  the 
Mahonoy  rnnuutrtiu  on  the  north,,  and  Mahantan;iv->. 
i),,    the   soiUh.      ft    is   watered   iJ);incipally  by  tv/o, 


PliG  >Il-^TOUy    OF    SCIIUYLKIXL   COUNTY.  |-^ 

braiiche..  uf  the    iMalmntango  creek,  flowing  v/cst--  ij 

wardly  Uivoddi  il ;  after  uniting,  they  (low  onward  ^ 

for  ei'^htroii  or  twerily  miles,  into  the  Siisquehar.na  ?.;^ 

river,°ahout  twenty  five  miles  above  Ilarrisbing.    fhe  U 

soil  is  red  shale  and  white  gravel ;  the  Ibrmer  i:s  bUf^  |;, 

ceptible  01'  improveiuent ;  but  the  latter  reciuues  n:ore  .| 

labor  to  bo  bestowi^d  upon  to  make  it  yield,  than  wiU  U 

repay  the  iuisbnndman.     A  portion  of  it   is  classed  y. 

among  •'  an.soated  lands."  'i 

The  poi>!iU:ti"ii  ill  1820,  was  SG3;  in  1830,  l,,150j  f 

in  1840,  I, Jill.     1i.'!  taxes  assessed  for  1844,  were,  | 

for  comilv'  pi  .i'"^-'  s  ^^^'-^-^  ^-  '  ^^^^^  *'*^'  *^~''-   ^^  !     « 
on  unseated  la.uls— county  tax,  $21   85;  stale   VuK, 
$8  75.     Tii  1^  1),  it  contained  eight  grist  milb.,  eight 
saw  mills,  fivi'    Ujri:.,  antL  one  distillery. 

Ziinnicrnui.tdairn,  is  a  small  chister  of 'houses  in 
the  northoru  I'urt  uf  the  township.  It  contains  a  stjre 
and  tavern. 

JVaijne  towvahip   is   bounde-d   on  the   norili  by 

Brancii  township;  east  by  Manheim  township;  icrth  | 

by   lierks  couuiy;   and  on  the  West  by  Pine  (iiove  i 

township.     A   uTcat  pro])ortion  of  this  towntihip  is  \ 

mountanioiK  uod  hdly ;  soil  gravel,  though  consiciera-  •' 

bly  impruved,  ii  is  watered  by  several  small  streams,  J 

tributaries  of  ii!<!  Swatara  creek  and  the  Schuylkill  j 

nvcr,  alTorchn;^  ndl!  seats  for  a  number  of  grist  mills  j 

and  some  twt;hiy-iive  saw  nulls.    Poi)ulation  hi  ISlO,  | 

l,62l!'  Taxes  f.a-  ks44— county  tax,  Sl,513  25  ;  state  \ 

fax,  ^*GC5  4  7.     Taxrs  on  "  unseated  lands"— cevmly  | 

tax,  5S01   89;  state  lax,  $24  82.  | 

Friedensbur-;  a  ])ost  village,  nine  miles  from  Pino  ^ 

Grove,  and  W:  r.  from  Schuylkill  Haven,  consrsting  oi  | 

some  fii'iion  ir  .  iulit.^cn  dwellings,  two  taven.s  and  | 

one  sturo.     The    an  rounding  country  is  i)retty   well  l 

improvitd.     AL^ricallnre  receives  considerabk  lUien-  | 

tion.    Lini'-,;is  a  manure,  is  beginning  to  be  us.jd.  Its  ^ 

application  rewrads  the  farmer  amply,  j 

'i "iie   fi  V.    j'cahering  hihabitants  of  tiiis  rui,ion  ol 


I 


HISTOKY   OP    SCIEtyLKILL    COUNTF.  267 

country  in  1755  to  17G3,  were  greatly  alarmed  on 
account  of  the  iiamerous  murders  commiltd  by  tlie 
savage  Indians.  The  greater  part,  or  all,  had  lied 
from  their  plantauons  iato  the  more  southern  parts  of 
Berks  county.  In  Gctober,  1755,  the  Indians  were 
traversing  this  region  of  country,  and  committed 
several  murders  under  circumstances  of  much  cruelty. 
Mr.  W.  Parsons  addressed  a  letter  to  the  Kev.  Kintz, 
dated  October,  1755.  as  follows: 

"This  morning,  very  early,  between  four  and  five 
o'clock,  Adam  li^cs,  i.n  iulial)itant  over  tlie  first 
mountain,  about  six  inilus  from  Lawrance  Hant'."; 
house,  who  lives  on  this  side  of  the  mountain,  came; 
to  my  house,  and  declared  that  yesterday,  between 
eleven  and  twelve  o'clock,  he  heard  three  ^uns  fired 
toward  the  ])lanlation  of  his  neighbor,  Henry  Ilart- 
man,  which  made  bin.  suspect  that  something  more 
than  ordinary  had  ha])pen(  d  there.  Whereupon  he 
took  his  gun  and  went  over  to  llartman's  house,  be- 
ing about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  oil',  and  I'ouiid  him  lying 
(lead  upon  his  face  ;  hi-,  head  was  scalped  ;  but  saw 
no  body  else.  He  made,  thereuiion,  the  best  of  his 
way  through  the  wouls,  to  ihe  inhabitants  on  this 
side  of  the  mountain,  to  inform  them  of  what  had 
happend."* 

'In  another  letter  to  Adam  Heed,  Mr.  Parsons  says : 

Sir  : — I  wroie  you  yesterday,  that  I  intended  to  bo 
with  you  at  the  unhappy  place,  where  Henry  Hart- 
man  was  murdered,  but  when  I  got  to  the  top  of  the 
mountain,  1  met  some  meii,  who  said  they  had  seen 
two  men  lying  dead  and  scalped,  in  the  Shamokiu 
road,  about  two  or  three  niileb  from  the  place  where 
we  were;  wherefore,  we  altered  our  course,  being 
twenty-six  in  nuriiber,  and  went  to  the  place,  and 
found  the  two  men  lying  dead,  about  three  hundred 
yards  from  eai.h  oilier,  and  all  the  skin  scal})ed  oil 
their  heads. 

»P-;niicialit;curJ;:,  N.  p.  258. 


268 


,F    SCnUYLKlfLL   COUNTY. 


We  goi  a  yiubbiiii^  hoe  and  spade,  and  dug  a  ^lave 
as  well  ciji  WL!  could,  llie  ground  being  very  stony,, 
and  bniied  tlicm  both  in  one  grave,  without  tiiking 
off  their  clothes  or  examining  at  all  their  wounds  j 
only  we  saw  that  a  bullet  had  gone  through  the  leg 
of  one  of  ihcni.  I  thuiight  it  best  to.  bury  them,  tQ. 
prevent  iheir  bodies  fiom  b<eing  torn  to  piecesj  by 
wild  beasts.  One  of  the  inevi  had  a  daughter  witli 
him  that  is  yet  missing;  and  the  other  man  had  i\ 
wife,  and  Ihnx:  or  fuur  ehildren,  thai  are  also  miss- 
ing. 

I  shall  be  obliged  to.  nutm-n  home  m  a  day  or  two, 
but  hope  to  see  you  sometime  about  Christmas,  an4 
to  find  uiy  unhappy  countrymen  souaewhat  relieved 
from  this  clisu-e:;sed  (•ondilion.  I  can't  helj)  ihiiikiiig 
that  it  would  be  well  W^i'  a  good  number  of  ibe  in- 
habitants to  go  next  Monday,  and'  help  to  being  ibo 
pooir  people''s  grain  and  com  to  this  side  of  the  muhiu- 
tain — it  will  help  to  maintain  them,  which  wc  must 
do,  if  they  can't  maintain  themselves;  and  'tis  very 
likely  those  baibarous  Indians  will  set  fue  l(  .  aiid 
buru  all,  d"it  \)r  not  soon  secured.* 

1  am,  Sij:,  your  very  humble  servant, 

WM.  PARSOrs'S. 


PVest  Bruhsunck  toivn.ship  is  biDunded  on  the  i 
by  Schuylkill    township;  east  by   East  limns  a 
south  by  ]icrksfX)uuty ;  and  west  by  Manheim  u 
ship.     The  siuiace  is  diversified;  mountainous  1 
and  a  small  pei:tK)n  of  it  is  level.       It  has  the 
mountain  on  the  south,  and  the  Second  mountai 
the  north;  and  the  intermediate  portion  is  diver:; 
by  many  hills,  of  which  the  Little  mountain  is  a 
The  soil  is  rod  shale  ami  white  gravel.     All  aloi 
lioxth  side  of  the  Ulue  mountain,  is  a  belt  of  red 
succeeded  by  a  tllu  limestone    formation,     .i 
siderabje  portion  of  which  occurs  near  Orwi;::' 
This  township  is  preuy  well  watered..     Puie  'o 


lorilv 
ick ; 
Avn- 
lilly, 
nine 
n  on 
;->ified 
part, 
i  die 
halo, 
con- 
.urg. 
',■!■  i:? 


••X'i'jvii 


Uecods.IN.  i!.i:5g.. 


I 


■;  w 


HISTORY    Of    SCi'UYLKTLL   COUNTY.  2G9 

the  principal  stream  llowing  through  this  township, 
in  a  south-wesleni  direciion— it  falls  into  the  Schuyl- 
kill river  six  waI;^  below  Schuylkill  Haven.  'Plicre  are 
several  mills  on  ii.  There  are  siill  some  lands  in  this 
township  classed  among  '-unseated  lands."  The 
taxes  assessed  in  Iblt,  tor  county  purposes,  amounteii 
to,  exclusive  of  Orwigsburg,  *l,434  3'3  ;  for  stale  pur- 
poses, S626  2S,  Populalion  in  1810,  1,701.  Be- 
sides Orwigsbarg.  tbere  are  several  small  villages  in 
the  tuwnsbip. 

Okwigsi5u)u>,  post  town,  borough  and  seat  of  jus- 
lice  of  Schuylkill  county,  stands  on  a  rising  ground, 
■  near  a  small  stream,*  wliieh  Hows  into  the  Schuyl- 
kill river.  It  was  laid  out  by  Peter  Orwig,  in  \19U, 
but  was  not  mucli  settled  till  after  1811,  when 
•  Schuylkill  county  was  separated  trom  Berks,  when  jt 
was  made  the  county  seat,  and  incorporated,  Marcli 
,    12th,  1813. 

The  valley  in  whirh  this  town  lies,  is  surroundcit 
by  lofty  and  beautiful  hills,  wliich  admit  of  cultiva- 
tion to  their  very  summits.  The  lands,  though  much 
broken,  are  well  cultivated,  and  very  productive. 
The  town  consists  of  about  two  hundred  dwellings, 
many  of  which  arc  tln\-o  story,  and  of  brick,  con- 
venient and  handsome.  The  court  house  and  public 
dfices  are  of  brick;  the  former,  a  large  substantial 
building,  surmounted  by  a  cupola,  and  the  aca(lemy 
is  a  spa^cious  building, also  with  a  cupola. _  Tliis  insti- 
tution was  incorporated  in  181 3,  and  received  a  dona- 
lion  of  $2,000  from  the  state ;  four  public  scliool.v. 
There  are  S(;veral  hne  churches  here,  viz:  Tlie 
Lutberan,  which  is.  a  spacious  building;  the  German 
Reformed,  the  corner  stone  of  which  was  laid,  AugU'^i 
2yth,    1831,    and    llie  oi.r   held  by  the  -Church  oi 

*'l'raduioii  has  it,  ihat  ai  ih:-  junction  of  llie  little  creek  wli'ci! 
runs  arouni  Orvvigsburij  wiih  the  Scluiyilull,  was  once  a.  ecu- 
j.idi-rableliulif\n  town,  on  or  near  Scollop  Hill.  'I'liu  lunnel  ol  uu: 
<.aui.l  pa-iscs  ihvougli  tins  hill. 


370  iiisTony  of  schuylkill  county. 

God,"  and  one  by  tlie  Evangelical  Association  ;  ^:t 
stores,  and  four  taverns,  one  printing  oUice,  is.juing  a 
weekly  paper  called  Die  St'unmedes  Votks.  The 
population  of  the  town  was,  in  1820,  GOO;  in  1830, 
773 ;  in  1810.  779  •,  at  present  (1844,)  rising  800. 

The  tain[ukc  leading  from  Heading  to  Pottsviile, 
on  to  Sanbnry,  passes  through  here.  The  town  is 
tv\^enty-six  miles  from  Reading,  and  eight  south-eost 
of  Pottsvihe. 

McKeansburg  is  a  brisk  post  village,  four  nulcg 
north-east  of  Ovwigsburg,  contains  about  thirty  dwell- 
iijiifs,  two  stores  and,  several  taverns. 
.  ^Landisvillc,  on  the  Reading  railroad,  tAVu  miks 
from  Orwigsburg,  contains  some  thirty  dwellings, 
two  stores  and  two  taverns,  and  public  school  houses. 

".  Went  Perm  township  is  in  the  north-eastern  pavx 
of  the  county,  and  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Rush 
township  ;  noith-east  by  Carbon  county  ;  sout'a-east 
by  Lehigh  county  ;  south  and  south-west  by  East 
Jhunswick  to.vnship.  The  surface  is  hilly,  the  soil 
gravelly,  and  n^iturally  not  very  productive—raiher 
sterile.  A  considerable  proportion  of  the  land  is 
classed  among  "unseated  lands."  The  Taniaqua, 
or  Little  Schuylkill  river,  drahis  it;onthe  nor<h-west, 
which  riocs  in  Rush  township,  and  near  thu  boundary 
of  Norltiamptoii  county,  and  at  the  foot  of  the  .Spring 
mountain,  and  by  a  devious,  but  southward  course, 
joins  the  mail;  stream  or  Schuylkill  at  Port  Clmton, 
on  the  north  side  of  the  Kittatinny  or  Jilue  mountain,  ^ 
receiving  nuuiy  small  tributaries.  Along  the  valley  j 
of  this  stream  is  a  railroad  from  Port' Clinton  lo  Tu  \ 
maqua,  a  posi  village  in  Rush  townshii».  Lizard  j 
creek  and  Mahoning  creeks  rise  in  this  township,  j 
ruiinin;:  castwardly  and  emptying  into  the  J^ejiigh  *, 
nvei.  Those  sircanis allbrd  considerable  watei  power.  i 
Tiie  coal  hills  of  Mauch  Chunk  and  Tuscaroi:'  moun-  * 
lams  give  it  a  high  value.  It  aboimds  with  anthracite 
coal.  It  contains  several  inills — a  Oerman  R'^.forro 
.iiid  Liuheraii  Chi'Tch. 


I 


IIIiTOUf    OP    SChlirLJaLL   COUNTr.  27! 

The  inliabitaiUs  of  tliis  townsliip,  on  the  southern 
border,  were,  in  1155-56,  and  later,  mucli  exposed 
lo  Indian  depradaiians.  [See  East  lirunswick  town- 
sliip.] The  population  of  1830,  was  1,379  ;  in  184(>, 
1,230.  Taxes  assessed  hi  1S44,  for  county  purposes, 
181,074  G3-,  state'  tax,  ^15G  63;  on  unseated  lands, 
county  ia:i,  $201  4t  ;  state  tax,  $81  73. 

Norwegian  township  is  one  of  the  norihern  town- 
ships, and  is  boiuidod  ou  tlio  north  by  IJroad  moun- 
tain;  north-oast  by  S(MiuyilsiH  townsliip;  south  by 
Mauheiin;  soulli-wrsi  by  liranch  and  l?arry,  and 
west  by  Upper  Mahantango  township.  This  town- 
ship, though  covered  with  mountains  and  hills,  and 
containing  little  arable  land  of  good  (piidity,  13  one  of 
the  inost  important  ones  in  Sebnylkill  county,  if  not 
in  the  state,  and  has  been  iho  principal  scene  of  won- 
drous improvenv.'i  its,  of  which  Potlsvilleis  the  centrc% 

;.  The  Sharp  mountain,  tb(!  southern  boundary  of 
the  anthracite  coal  Ibrmation  of  Pennsylvania,  ibrms 
its  soulliern  line,  and  the  norlh  is  marked  by  15road 
mountain.  The  main  branch  of  the  Schuylkill  river 
enters  it  from  the  north-east,  and  receives  Mill  creek 
and  two  branches  of  the  Norwegian  creek.  The 
West  Branch,  and  tlio  west-west  branch  of  the 
Schuylkill,  enter  U  from,  the  north  and  west,  all  of 
which  give  ready  accjess  tollie  veins  of  coal,  by  the 
facilities  which  theif  valleys  aiibrd  (or  the  construction 
of  railroads  and  penetration  of  the  hills.  The  main 
river  has  two  dams,  wiih  canals  in  the  township  :* 
the  ftrst  forms  the  basin  at  Mount  Carbon  and  Potts- 
ville,  and  the  other  the  basin  at  Port  Carbon.  A 
railroad  follows  the  main  stream  from  the  latter  place 
to  its  source — another  on  M:ll  creek,  which  extends 
about  four  miles,  and. a  third  on  the  two  branches  o[ 
the  Norwegian.  The  latter  is  known  as  the  Mount 
Carbon   railroad.      Oh   the    West,   and   West-West, 

Mlaz-j.  I's  Vvi2.  afl'a.  for  183i.. 


I 


•272  lilSTUl'V    OF    SCHUYLKILL  COUNTY. 

Branch,    a    fiji.rih    jailroad    penetrates    the    liiocd      ^  •, 
■mountaiii. 

Tliere  are  several  towns  and  villages  in  this  town- 
ship, noticivl  below. 

PoTTSviLi.K  AND  ViciNiTY.  Before  1790,  there 
nvere,coiriiuualively  si)eaking,  lew  settlers  north  oflhe 
Blue,  or  l^ittatiuny  monnlain,  within  the  limils  of 
Schuylkill  cnutniy,  except  in  the  valley  south  of  the 
Second  fiiuu'.mnn.  About  the  year  1795,  or  '9G,  IWo 
individuals,  Lewis  Reese  and  Isaac  Thomas,  yeUled 
DU  the  north  of  tije  well  known  ^^  Schneid  Berg,'^  i.  e. 
Sharp  mouniaui,  in  the  Schuylkill  Gap.  Ilavii;^ 
purchased  a  tract  of  land,  and  erected  a  small  furnace; 
carrying  it  on  for  some  time^  they  sold  it  in  lb06;  to 
■Jokn  Polt,  of  District  township,  Berks  count}/ 

Mr.  Pott  tore  down  the  furnace,  and  erected  in  it2 
stead,  rireenwood  forge,  the  remains  of  which  :i  re  siill 
visible.     In  1 807,  ho  built  Greenwood  furnace,  whicii 

was   successfuliy  in  operation  till    1827,  the  liiiie  of  J 

•John  Pott's  death;  then  it  passod  into  the  ha..ds  of  j 

Benjamin  Potf,  sou  of  the  ileceased,and  since  th  rough  i 

several  hands.     That  furnace  is,  however,  no  more,  'i 

The  Greenwood  liasin  occupies  the  site  &(  tlie  old  » 

furance.     W^hcii  Reese  and  Thomas  erected  the  fur  \ 

\ 

••John  I'oii's  I'aihcr,  Wilhelm  Pott,  tame  to  America,  ii    1731.  | 

"We  find  Ills  luirr.e,  among  others,  noticed  in  the   lollo'\'ii.g  re-  | 

cords :  I 

Ai  the  court  hjuse  of  Philadelphia,  September    12th,   1731,  i 

I.  present,  the  Honoiubie  ihe  Lieuitnant  Governor,  the  Mayor  of  the  J 

city,  and  others  of  the  Magistracy — eighty-nine  Palatines,  who,  | 

>Arith    their  families,  uuiking  in  all   two   hundred   and  sixiy-ons  f 

persons,  were  imported  here    in   the   ship    Saint  Andrew,  John  j 

Stedman,  Master,  fro'ni  lloiierdam,  l)ut  last  from  Plymouth,  is  by  ) 

clearance  from  thence,  this  day  look  and  subscribed  the  etfectol  i 

the  government  calhs,  and  also  the  declaration  jirescribed  by  the  ' 

order  of  council  of  the  "Zlst  of  September,  1727.  1 

On  his  arrival,  Wiihclm  Pott  settled  first  at  (jermam  uv;i,  iliea  'j 

ill   Berks  ccnniy,  ■where  John  Poll  was  born.     John  marrisd  a  } 

Miss  Lcsher,  cJ  Oley,  v/ith  whom  he  had  several  sons,  /iz  :  Jchn,  ] 
benjamin,  Jame^,  Abiaham,  William  and  Jacob;  three  Ol  .vhom 
•arc  sitli  living:  John,  Benjamiu  and  Abraham. 


u- 


lILSTOiiY    Oi-'    sriiUVLKILL   COUNTV.  27:3 


ttace,  tlicy,  as  is  comniou  erected  a  number  of  small 
houses  lor  '•  liie  \\:\\\i\s  at  work,"  and  were  occupied 
by  soiae  eiglu  (It- rnor;)  lliiiiilies ;  the  heads  of  tliesc 
vyrere  Jolni  l^lsc,  H'.'iny  JJoltoii,  Daniel  Focht,  tlje 
vlerli;  Tlionms  Sv/iiy(;r,  Antliony  Scliott,  George 
Frievie  and  (icorirc  Ueihu;r;  these  all  lived  at  the 
furnace  before'  M\\  Poll  moved  ids  family  liere ;  he 
Lad  erected  all  iiic-^i  Iciiaut  houses, before  1809. 

liesides  Mr.  Pott,  the  followuii'-  were  among  the 
first,  or  pioneer  Miltlers— Henry  McClattery,  and  one 
Newscliwamler  sealed  a  short  distance  west  of  Pott's, 
at  the  pluct;  knovvu  as  JNIount  Carbon.  Michael 
Jioechtel  had  settled  on  the  iarm  tiow  owned  by 
Cary,  Lee  &:  Hart,  ol'  Philadeli)hia.  About  one-Iirdl 
mile  fiirtlier  \ve.,t,  lived  Jacob  Yoe.  At  the  present 
site  of  Minersville,  livtal  'J'homas  Reed  and  Isaac 
Reed.  Three  luiles  north  of  Pott's,  John  Boyerhad 
-ictUed,  at  the  well  Known  place  called  "Flowing 
Field  r  some  lour  niiles  north  of  this  lived  the  well 
known  Nicho  Allen,  ai  the  Big  Spring  on  the  summit 
xjf  the  Broad  mmnnain.  His  residence  was  known  as 
llio  *'  lilack-  Cd/ii/i."  I'wo  Hides  north-e;ist  of  Pott's, 
lived  Peter  Newsehv.  aiider,  John  Hughs,  Philip  Uil- 
eomp,  Solomon  Keep.  Jacob  Keep,  Peter  Keep,  Geo. 
Keep,  Comad  Keim  and  John  Keim.  At  the  present 
J'ort  Carbon,  several  lannlies  had  settled;  these  were 
Mr.  Stit'/el,  knov.-n  m  his  day  as  "  iJer  Zimmeriyian,'- 
i.  e.,  the  carpenter;  Shadrack  Lord,  father  of  Mr. 
Lord  at  Baylidl.  Shadrar.k  had  setded  on  Eagle  hill. 
These  families,  with  Mr.  Pott,  were  the  pioneer  sel- 
lers of  this  portion  of  the  anthracite  region. 

Other  tlian  the  nalaral  increase  of  the  population 
was  slow — litil.'  (U- no  accession  prior  to  ISlOor  1811. 
I  U  was  some  ciLdu  or  ten  years  after  the  discovery  ol 
\  -cnal,  before  th's  ])lac';  attracted  much  attention.  Tlie 
*>  first  coal  discvirr-d  hen!,  was,  according  to  the  state 
ment  of  Abiahan.  P.>it,^on  of  John,  hi  1807,*   whei. 


•Ol)   ox:uninir,p  a  opy  of  .Sl-uH's  Map   of  the  Province   .i 
J'coi    '  Ivauia,  imbhshoa  jn  17  TO,  I  see  'Uualmurk"  norlhof  ih: 

K 


.274  nisroKY  ;ik  Schuylkill  countt. 


P 


{ 


Uie  tbuudatiou  iur  Ureeiiwood  furnaco-  was  diii^,  in 
digging  w'liicb,  a  viuii  af  coal  was  found;  and  in  dig- 
ging the  foundation  ef  Pott's- grist  mill,  in  ISl-Oyia 
vein  of  nine  feet  tliick  was  struck,  and  now  success- 
fully worked  by  Mr.  Joseph  Ikddle  ;■  but  its  use  and 
value  was  not  tiien.  known  and  Inlly  a]iprecialecl 
After  the  indeiatigablo  efforts  of  Doctor  JNlcFarland, 
.'i  scienlilic  gentleman,  to  bring  the  coal  here  into 
notice,  wiio  had  opened  a  vein  on  the  '•  York  Farm,"  p 
in  1811.  ten  miles  west  of  Greenwood  furnace,  anJ 
the  laying  out  of  Pottsviile,  by  John  Pott,  in  181C, 
this  place  increasL.d  rai»idly,  and  soon  a  consiiluraOiG  T. 
town  grew  up  in  the  forest.  The  ground  or  town  1 
plot  was  surveyedand  laid'otf  for  the  pioprielor;  by  | 
llenry  DonncU,  wha^was  also  among  the  first  tc  cveci  f 
a  house.  William  Caslcy,  Joseph  Leckey  and  (lc( .  ^ 
Dengler  also,  e.ich  of  thorn,  put  up  dwellings  here,  \ 
shortly  after  Pottsviile  was  laid  out. 

About  this  time,  or  shortly  aiterv/.ards,  in  lbl8, 
Mr.  Jacob  Reed  opened  a  vein  of  coals  at  JMiners^ 
ville.  From  this  time  onward  speculators,  and  a 
conscquuul  tid  .-  o\  inunigpation,  tended  to  this  region 
of  country.  Pottsviile  formed  the  nucleus  of  a  dense 
settlement — "an  oppidan  settlement,"  {oi  it  is  sur- 
rounded by  tovrns,  hamlets  .ajid  villages. 

John  Pott,  son  of  John  Patt,  deceased,  erected  a 
distillery  about  the  year  1819.  Lewis  Eberi  bniit  a 
house  the  same  year.  Prom  1820  to  1834^  a  num- 
ber of  persons  settled  here ;  among  others  of  enter-  | 
prize,  was  Col.  Geoige  Shoic'maker^  who  had,a.s  e;;riy  I 
as  1813,  openeil  the  Spohn  vein-  of  coal,  began  to  j 
build  in  Pottsviile.  Vwm  18,24,  the  growth  :^t  die  i 
town  was.rapid.and  tlie  improvemquts  in  the  vicii.ity  | 
correspondent  v/ith  die  town — both  unjirecedei'ted  in  | 
the  history  of  tii';  country;  for,  in  lg2|J,  the  house.      J 

'I'u-icaroir.  maiir.tain,  im  north-east  of.  Reed's,  npt  m..i:y  inilei 
from  the  Wcluiyhrill  Gup,  within  the  then  limits  or  li  >unds  ci 
RerUs  couf.iy.  See  also  the  First  Annual  Report  of  Ihc  C\al 
Mittini,  A'iwruttion  of  Kfchuyikill  County,  in  subsequ'MJl  /'agt, 
Oliap.  Hi. 


HISTOnY    or    hVAlUYIKlLh   COUNTY.  275 

since  known  as  ihc  irhite  Horse  tavern,  was  kept  by 
Mr.  Jului  Pott,  the  proprielor,  and  who  owned  land 
iii  the  vicinily,  us  a  sort  of  watering   place  for  the 
stages  on  the  Suubury  road.     In  1824,  we  hear  of 
five  scattered  d\'/elH>igs  in  the  vichiity.     Tlie  causes 
which  led  to  the   inllux  of  miners  and  speculators 
about  the   year  1S25,  liave  been  stated  above— the 
town  was   soon   laid  out—or  rather   several  towns 
were  started— for  each  prominent  adventurer  had  his 
favorit\j  location,  and  as  each  successive  arrival  of 
greedy  adventurers  tended  to  fan  the  llame  of  specu- 
lation, town  lots  and  coal  tracts  (some  with  coal,  and, 
many    whose   coal   a^^is    but   imaginary,)   doubled, 
trihled  and    quadrupled   in  value,  and  passed   Irom 
hand  to  hand  like  currency.     Houses  were  rapidly 
constructoil  to  accommodate  the  inmiense  crowds  that 
came  to  search  for  lots  and  lands,  and  in  1828,  we 
hear  of  several  excellent   stone   houses  and  stores, 
others  of  brick  and  frame,  a  weekly  newspaper— TAe 
Miners'  Jtnirnal—d.  rending  room,  hotels,6ic.  Messrs. 
John  and  Hetijamin  roil  had,  as  said  above,  erected 
Greenwood  furnace  and  lV,ige,and  were  making  non 
from  01^3  obtained  bebw  the  Blue  mountam.     The 
next  year,  Clinton  Row,  ox  Mahantango  street,  and 
another  row  of  houses,  were  erected;  and  such  was- 
the  activity  in  buildin;!,  that  it  became  necessary  to. 
send  to  Philadelphia  foi- lumber,  to  use  in  a  region  that 
hitherto  had  exported  little  else  than  lumber  and  coal. 
A  daily  stage  to  Philadelphia  was  also  established  m 
tliatyear,  and  a  trip  of  fourteen  hours  was  cracked 
up  as  something  remurkable.     A  dozen  little  towns 
had  already  risen  around  I'ottsville;     Railroads  also 
be^n\n  to  be  introduced,  imparting  a  new  hnpctus  to 
the°coal  trade.     The  Scluvyikill  valley,  the  Mill  creek, 
and  the  Mount  Carbon  nuhoads  were  started  m  tliat 
year. 

The  following  extracts  fioini  the  Miners'  Journal 
for  1829,  will  atlbrd  an  idoa  of  the  rapid  rise  of  coal 
knl    ;  >'Five   years  apo  the  Pl'acock  trade  of  coar. 


276  JIISIORV    OF    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY, 

land,  belonging  to  the  New  York  and  Schuylkill  (.ci-.i 
Company,  wos  purchased  by  them  for  the  sum  of 
$9,000.  Last  v/cek  it  was  sold,  and  bought  hi  by 
the  original  seller,  for  the  sum  of  $42,000  The 
present  owner,  we  understand,  would  not  di.s[!Ose  o.( 
it  for  $70,000." 

The  folio v/ing  shows  the  condition  of  Pottsville.  ii: 
1830: 

"We  are,"  says  the  editor  of  the  Miners^  Jouriml, 
"sadly  in  want  of  mechanics  here.  A  lialf  i  dozen 
good  master  blacksmiths,  with  three  or  more  joarney- 
men  each,  would  fmd  plenty  of  business.  TliC  horse 
shoeing  custom  is  immense.  A  regiment  of  carpen- 
ters, bricklayers,  find  stone  masons,  witli  a  strong  de- 
tachment of  sobei  laborers,  would  find  emphiyrnoni. 
House  painlurs,  who  mulcrstand  mixing  piiims  a)ui 
using  them  without  daubing  the  lloors,  are  very  rare 
among  us.  Our  town  supports  two  paper  h;i!igeiE>  j 
handsomely  j  thirty-one  cents  a  piece  for  li.iriging  \ 
paper  is  too  much — a  little  competition  will  regulate  ] 
this  branch.  A  wheelwright,  a  cabinet-maker,  ;uul  a  5 
pump-borer,  might  crowd  m  amongst  us  to  adv:.iuage  | 
A  good  barbur  shop,  we  have  not  got.  Our  barbero  | 
are  all  stationed  m  the  bar  rooms  of  the  tav*;ri:s,  (or  I 
want  of  room  elsewhere  ;  the  accommodations  arc  | 
consequently  very  inferior.  Our  borough  would  sup-  J 
port  a  tobacco  spinner,  and  a  good  cigar  mak>;r.  We  \ 
see  no  reason  wliy  a  pottery  would  not  succeed:  the  \ 
raw  material  is  abundant  in  the  neighborhood.  A  | 
few  tanners  in  the  suburbs  would  find  plenty  of  hides,  J 
which,  for  want  of  sale,  are  hung  up  under  our  noses,  | 
this  hot  weather,  spreading  pestilence  around,  and  de-  | 
gtroying  the  comfort  of  all  the  lamilies  wilhm  reach  j 
of  their  ellluvia.  VVe  are  glad  to  hear  that  a  fuic  was  ; 
intlicted  laiely  or.  :<.  person  for  the  filthy  practice  allu-  • 
ded  to.  A  lew  .nore  clean  butchers,  who  Avonki 
slaughter  oul  of  town,  and  deliver  their  meal  to  xhr. 
citizens  with  a  pleasant  countenance,  would  be  mor(: 
popular 


m§i'^ 


insrOHY    OF    iCrrUYLKILL   COUNTF. 


..  *' We  really  wani  a 
niiil  crackers,  and  liali" 


good  clean  bakery  of  bread 
a  dozen  of  huckster's  shops. 
We  have  no  ice  houses,  and  no  milkman  yet ;  both 
are.  very  much  wanted.  About  a  thimble  full  of 
milk  lor  a  cent  may  be  had  some  times,  alter  a  real 
hunt  through  the  iaiies  and  alleys — nor  can  it  always 
be  called  water  poof.  And  if  we  may  judge  from 
the  quantity  u\'  ruiu  consumed,  we  may  venture  to 
hold  out  tlattuniiii  hopes  to  a  distiller.  He  can  lay 
up  a  goo(i  stQie  ol  2';t:.',in  in  winter,  for  nmch  of  wliicii 
lie  uiiglil  barter  his  Tupiors;  lie  cannot  lulten  too 
many  swine  on  the  \uwA  lur  this  market.  A  rope 
.walk  ought  to  succeed.  An  eating  house  on  the 
plan  of  the  New  York  Fnltou  Market  shops,  would 
be  exactly  adapted  to  tlii.-'  place  Our  hotels  charge 
thirty-seven  and  a  half  to  Jifiy  cents  a  meal,  and  sleep 
often  on  tlie  lloor— a  uenleei  oyster  liouse  would  liit 
it  exactly.  A  large  hat  store,  with  a  manufactory  of 
the  article  attached,  is  uiiich  wanted;  youcaimot  buy 
a  hat  now  without  going  to  a  grocery  or  liquor  store 
forit.  A  tasty  fruit,  confectionery  and  mineral  wa- 
wnter  estabhshnn-nl,  A>onKl  he  well  patronized.  Ah.r  .-. 
dry  good  and  grocery  stores  are  wanted.  It  is  high 
time  that  the  union  oi  all  kinds  of  goods  and  wares, 
wet,  dry,  soft,  hard,  and  grocery,  in  one  room,  was 
abolished.  A  smig  grocery  and  liquor  store  has 
hitely  been  opeiicd  here,  which  is  doing  an  elegant 
business.  A  dry  good  store  is  found  to  answer  very 
well.  Two  hardware  stores  are  doing  very  well.  A 
new  apothecary  store,  and  one  established  last  fall, 
(1629)  are  liourishing.  Goods  of  all  kinds  sell  enor- 
mously high,  for  wan!  of  competition.  Owing  to  the 
scarcity  of  liouses,  the  business  is  in  the  hands  of  a 
favored  few.  We  see  no  reason  why  a  snug  fancy 
store  would  ttot  do  Imsirxess.  ]hit  we  are  certain 
Uiere  would  be  no  mistake  in  a  good  millinery,  man- 
tua-making  and  sewing  establishment.  A  lady  can 
get  nothiiig  in  the  line  of  the  former  two,  under  a  lon^^; 
notice,  and  tlie  young  nien  don't  know  wliere  to  gel 


th 


Ltnien  made  up,     A  good  saddlery  would  de„ 


278  KIGTOaif    0?    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY. 

A  bath  house,  \w  11  kept,  with  apartments  fi-r  both 
sexes,  would  not  fail  to  receive  extensive  palroria|e 
in  our  alternately  dusty  and  muddy  borough.  A  hou 
twenty  women,  who  Avould  hire  out  to  wash  clother., 
scrub  houses,  &e.,  might  earn  their  fifty  cents  a  day, 
and  find  ample  employment.  A  hundred  goi-d  ser- 
vant girls,  wlio  kno'W  how  to  stay  at  a  good  place 
when  procured,  would  make  their  dollar  a  weik. 
We  need  hardly  say  tliat  more  boarding  houses 
are  wanted,  especially  for  'the  middling  clusses  oi 
persons.  There  ave  at  preseavt  three  large  buildi))gs 
in  progress  fov  iho  accojumodation  of  the  lii  I  class^ 
which,  when  fnushed,  will  help  to  thin  the  lloor^  of  oui' 
hotels,  which  are  frequently  covered  at  night  with  per- 
sons who  caimot  lind  beds.  Competition  in  iLivern- 
keeping  would  be  as  salutaiy  as  it  wo-uld  be  novel  i*! 
this  town. 

"Having  given  a  hasty  hit  of  our  wants,  i'  just 
occurs  to  us,  that  were  these  persons  lo  couio  hore 
en  masM',  they  would  be  in  a  great  i>redicaiiiuiit  for 
houses,  v.'hertiu  to  put  their  families,  and  ])ursue  theii 
dilfereiU  avocalioui,.  Those  who  are  here  qan  liurdiy 
live  for  want  of  room.  For  our  part,  being  m  the 
building  line,  we  are  daily,  uideed  almost  hourly. 
beset  with  applications  for  houses  to  rent.  No  cajji- 
talists  could  hit  upon  a  better  investment  ilitai  in 
building  blocks. of  snug  substantial  iiouses  for  irad';S- 
men  and  mechanics.  They  would  not  pay  less  tlioii 
twelve  per  cent.  ])ijr  xamum — the  present  scarcity  has 
raised  rents  liH  .en  to  twenty  per  cent. 

"It  would,''  coiaimies  the  editor,  "be  a  great  bles- 
sing if  about  iiUy  industrious  lairmersfrom  the  lower 
counties,  (who  at  the  end  •of  a  hardy  year's  hiboi 
cannot  layby  -i.^  i»ence,)  wowld  come  up  lu-^;  and 
purchase  some  id'  the  ancultivated  land  al.  ng  tlie 
Mahoiioy  river,  t(.jj  or  lifteen  miles  from  Pottsvilk\ 
where  the  bottorn  land  is  rich  loam,  atid  t^w  ridire 
strong  red  sjiale,  ai.d  susceptible  of  the  highest  state 
of  cultivation.     The  brightest  success  avouM  '•inile 


HISTOnr    OF    KCiTUYLKILL  COUNTY.  278 

Upon  their  enterpiize.  Many  a  fortune  is  waiting  to 
be  ploimlied  np  'oy  sonic  fiivored  farmer  in  the  few 
'fertile  valleys  u'ithi!i  inarkcling  distance  from  .this 
town. 

'<*We  do  not  ilnuK  Ihnt  we  Overstep  the  bounds  of 
tnitli,  when  wo  assert  th.tt  Pottsville  is  the  best 
market  in  the  Siate.  liy  way  of  exercising  yo\ir 
own  judgment,  talro  a  glance  at  our  prices  current. 
Hay,  twenty-ftv':  dollars  a  t(m,  scarce,  and  qu;dity  too 
often  inferior  ;  straw.,  twenty  cents  a  bundle,  scarce, 
and  bniidlcs  aboni  half  the  weight  usual  in  other 
places;  llour,  five  d-./iIars  sr.venty-tive  cents  a  barrel, 
scarce,  and  as  we  have  no  inspector,  the  quality  is 
often  very  inferior ;  iats,  forty  cents  a  busliel ;  rye, 
sixty  cents;  pDtitoe.s,  siM/taity-five 'cents  a  bushel; 
fresh  butter,  sixteen  ceius  a  pound,  dl  ways  very  scarce; 
any  kind  of  grease,  resemhling  butter,  commands 
'twelve  and  a-half  ceiifs;  eggs,  twelve  and  a-half  cents; 
fowls,  forty  cents  a  pair,  scarce;  apjjles,  as  big  as  a 
hazlennt,  eagerly  carried  off  at  a  cent  a  piece;  garden 
'Studs  bring  any  price  your  conscience  permits  you  to 
ask  ;  cattle  of  all  kindb,  Irom  the  ox  to  the  sheep,  com- 
mand at  least  as  high  a  price  as  in  Philadelphia ; 
milk,  a  thimble  full  for  a  cent,  "scarce ;  cream,  so 
'rarely  seen  thai  no  price  can  be  aflixed. 

"All  otheY  thhigs  in  llie  farmer's  line  will  be  found 
proportionate.  iVlanurc!  can  be  had  in  abundance  for 
a  tri/le ;  almost  for  the  hauling  awuy.  Let  any  enter- 
prizing  farmer  lake  a  trip  this  way,  and  satisfy  himself 
of  the  Correctness  of  tlicse  representations  ;  and  when 
.  he  fmdsthat  land, susco|)tibie  ©f  good  cultivation, can 
be  bought  for  ten  dollars  an  aci'e,  on  a  good  strean) 
ten  or  fifteen  miles  from  stlch  a  market,  he  will  not 
hesitate  a  moment  to  malce  such  a  determination  as 
will  add  to  our  condbrt,  ;aid  ensin-e  to  iiirnself  an 
accession  of  wealth,  and  the  real  independence  whicli 
au  industrious  farmer  Ought  to  enjoy."      . 

In  18ai_,  tha  imniber  (if  buildings  liad  increased 
•t£i  f/v/'  hundred  and  thiriv-live,  of  whicli  there  wci.. 


280  HISTORY    OF    SCHOVLKILL   COnNTT.  '^ 

sixly-twc  of  bi  iek,  uiul  sixty-eight  of  stone  ;  tui^cfhcr  g 
with  an  Ep^iscopal  ehurch,  a  meeting  house,  and  a  {i 
beautiful  structure  for  the  Miners'  IJank,  of  wliich  f 
the  front  .s  of  cnst  iron;  and  the  conimodious  lioiels  | 
of  Mr.  Soitzincer  and  Colonel  Shoernaicer.  There  | 
were  also  scvenly  stores,  richly  slocked,  among  wliich  | 
were  those  of  tsvo  booksellers  and  stationers,  and  of 
tailors,  inilUners,  and  dress-makers.  And  they  boast- 
ed too,  of  a  circulating  library,  and  Exchange  l^ead- 
ing  Rooms;  two  riews[)ai)ers,  and  a  semin;try. 

For  any  one  fiom  Cape  Cod  to  New  Orlem;...  iv 
say  that  he  had  not  heard  of  the  renowned  liwn  of  \ 
Pottsville,woula  sound  as  marvellous  as  if  an  Aiapi;in 
were  to  declare  that  he  had  never  heard  of  Mali,;met, 
or  Mecca,  of  iCaob,.,  or  of  the  Holy  Well.  Tlwre  i* 
scai-cely  a  valley,  hnwever  remote  or  cut  otf  from  the 
rest  of  the  world,  iVom  J<:astport  to  the  Sabii^',  or 
from  Capo  llalteras  to  Lifde  Hock,  that  has  not  i^eard 
of  the  fame  of  Fotisvillo.  Here,  half  a  dozen  sum- 
mers since,  there  was  not  more  than  one  shabby  log 
hut  standing,  and  the  wild  scenery  of  the  sjjot  where 
are  now  to  he  .seen  so  nmcli  enterprise,  activity  .aid 
bustle,  lay  uuiiisturbed  in  all  its  ])riantive  graoiliMU 
and  loveliness.  The  road  to  Sunlmry,  over  the  J)i\-.;;d 
mountain,  ran  through  it,  and  the  weekly  sta:.fO.  in 
all  its  course  i\rAi\  Philadelphia  to  the  place  of  ii:. 
destination,  did  aut  witness  a  wil<ler  or  more  dL-.,olcUf:. 
scene. 

Here  and  there  smoke  might  indeed,  be  s'ur 
curling  from  Mine  tleroian's  cottage,  and  waving 
in  graceful  folds  a1;ove  the  trees,  showing  that  nirm 
had  dared  to.  invade  the  forest;  but  these  inshmces 
were  few  and  far  between;  and  the  bear,  the  deer,. 
and  the  fox, divided  the  empire  of  the  woods  oniony- 
tliem.  lUU  now  wiiat  a  contrast!  The  genius  of 
man  has  s(,ldom  rids  :d  such  a  monument  to  bi.s  owr.  \ 
powers.  The  tov\:n  of  Pott.sville— for  under  thui  ;.an.r  « 
we  sliall  include  Mount  Caibon  and  Port  Carli.'uJor 
they  ate  three  \\\  onu— con-taining  upwards  -d'  four 
Uwusanri  people,  Desides  th^  liordes  of  Tartar  look- 


\  P*  lirSTCKY    OF    SCHHiri.KILL  COUNTY.  281 

ing  population  liovcvi!)g  on  its  skirts.  Muny  of  llie 
latter  cohabit  together  in  s/uni/eci-  or  tents  made  of 
hemlock,  and  covered  with  l)raiiches.  Tliey  are  all 
engaged  in  llu;  land;d)le  business  of  "penetrating  tlic 
bowels  of  the  eaLtli."'  JJiit  mark,  gentle  reader,  and 
inwardly  digest,  when  you  hear  that  from  this  port, 
which  IS  more  than  u  liinidred  miles  above  tide  water, 
there  is  a  fleet  of  upwards  of  four  hundred  vessels — 
a  fleet  more  I'oriniilable  than  that  which  bore  the 
Greeks  to  liieTjojini  war,  and  composed  of  vessels, 
I  tlie  smallest  of  avIiu'Ii  is  ;dmost  as  large  as  that  in 
I  which  ('ohnubus  ventui.Hl  lo  cross  an  unknown  ocean. 
L  111  the  first  week  of  October  last,  seventy-eight  ves- 
I  sels  cleared  from  Potisville,  carrying  to  the  sea-board 
the  rich  minerai  treasiiros  of  this  district,  and  during 
I'  the  same  period,  twt;i]ly-t wo  arrived  from  Philadel- 
phia, laden  with  the  luxuries  uf  every  clime. 

The  situation  of  tin;  town  is  remarkable,  being  em- 
bosomed in  lot\y  hills.  Sharp  mountain  in  front 
(south)  of  it,  presents  a  surly  and  almost  savage 
aspect,  heighten(!d  b\  the  almost  black,  dismal  cav- 
erns excavated  iVom  its  side,  and  looking  like  entrances 
to  the  abode  of  Pluto  ;  and  the  Norwegian,  covered 
with  coal  dust  and  si  iiggislily moving  on,  is  no  bad 
type  of  Styx.  'J'he  feeling  produced  on  visiting  Potts- 
ville,  is,  that  it  is  no  place  for  trifling,  for  every  one 
wears  a  look  of  impurtancc,  and  is  plainly  intent  on 
playing  his  cards,  so  as  not  to  lose  a  trick.  A  strong 
inclination  is  fell  by  the  s})ectalor  to  join  hi.  and  tako 
a  hand.  The  interest  of  the  game  has  overcome  the 
scruples  of  many  devout  })eople  ;  tor  you  may  see 
the  grave  Quaker,  the  ejaculating  ]\k:thodist,  and  the 
sober  Presbyterian,  sitting  at  the  same  table,  and  using 
all  their  ingenni:y  to  l^;1  the  odd  trick;  but  what  is 
uiost  sur])risiiig,  is  thai  il',';y  all  a])pear  to  get  good 
cards,  and  an;  pi'iludly  sitislied  with  the  result  ol 
the  game. 

It  is  curious  uj  obs;uvt  the  motly  mixture  of  pec 
pic  of  all  cUmes  and  omplexioiij  that  have  come  to 


283  ifi^iTOR'F    CiP    SCHUfLKILL   COUNft. 

worship  here.  Then  you  may  see  the  pale  citizen. 
who  has  been  engaged  all  his  life  in  measuring  goods 
behind  the  counter,  and  wlio  has  never  before  been 
out  of  liie  sight  of  the  sinoke  of  his  own  cliiiiiuey, 
until  lie  was  tempted  to  go  in  quest  of  the  golden 
fleece  in  the  form  of  coal,  in  consultation  deep  with 
a  hardy,  Morid  countenance,  and  you  may  percuive 
■from  their  eager  looks  and  animated  gestures,  Ihat  a 
spec  of  some  nutgnitiide  is  afloat. 

Then  agani  may  'be  .seen  tlie  German,  whose 
ancestors  came  (o  kindly  Pennsylvania  neaily  tv/o 
centuries  ago,  a  ])uriod,  as  historians  tell  us,  iiiore 
than  sulTicieni  lo  blend  two  hostile  races;  and  liere  he 
is,  the  same  iii  dress,  language,  manners  and  hoary 
prejudice,  as  \v'lu'n  the  first  of  his  name  left  Uottcr- 
dam.  There  Ik;  stands,  with  the  title  deed  of  his  farm 
in  his  hand,  and  i.nrounded  "by  a  half  a  duzL'ii  of 
gharp  looking  iellows,  who  are  trying  by  words  and 
signs  to  close  a  bargain  with  him — but  he  is  keeping  i 
them  at  bay,  \x^  a  good  stout  bull-dog  Avould  a  i.iarr-el  | 
of  curs,  though  lie  seenrs  at  the  same  time  to  be  aiV:.i  I  1 
of  being  hit.  | 

No  town  of  its  size  is  so  well  stjpplied  with  every  | 

esseinial  ut'  I n\nny  and 'convenience.     Of  attorneys,  | 

there  are  plenty,  of  the  first  repute,  and  with  enongh  | 

of  activiiy  lo  preveiu  the  ])eoj)le  from  stagrjating  for  % 

want  of  excitement.     And  there  are  agents,  who  v.'ill  I 

gladly  execute  any  commission,  from  one  to  ten  thon-  II 

sand  dollars.     Fancy  stores,  well  mipplied  with  rib-  ! 

bands  and  artifimal  ilowers.    A'perftnner  advertises  all  | 

sorts  of  eosmeii:s,  :nul  a  Yanlcee  scliool  master  for  | 

scholars.     Dociors  are  tliere  too,  fresh  from  college,  \ 

and  shilling  willi  the  rellected  science  of  Physio  and  1 

ChopniLii      There  i:  a  ball-room,  a  church,  and  sev-  3 

eral  excellent  hot.ds  and  boarding  houses,  a)id  the  \ 

newspaper  is  one  of  the  best  conducted   journals  in  \ 

the  couiitry.      Two  daily  lines  of  stages  rnn  fjoni  \ 
Piiiladeiplna — Recside    against  Coleman — and   \hey 
rs'crit  a  oulogiimi  for  the  vigor  with  which  thev  :'rack 


HISTORY    O?    SCUuyi.KILL   COUNTY. 


285 


their  whips,  the  malchloss  fury  of  their  driving,  and 
for  their  cxqui^^il'^  skill  in  upsetting.  PottsviUe  has 
every  requisite  for  becoming  a  great  city—an  nnin- 
terrupted  navigation  l)y  the  canal  to  Philadelphia 
coal  eaoim-h  to  supply  the  world  for  thousands  ol 
years-  and  if  the  resources  of  the  country  should  be 
developed  with  th^.  rsamc  untiring  activity  by  the  next, 
as  it  has  been  by  the  present  generation  Pottsvilie, 
bold  as  the  assertion  may  seem,  will  rival  the  larg« 
cities  of  the  sca-boaid  in  i.opulation  and  wealth. 

A  writer  in  the  Polhvllle  Advocate,'early  in  1831, 
•Ihiis  speaks  of  ibo  l'la';(^: 

"The  town  of  Pollsville,  by  the  late  census,  con- 
tains upwards  of  2,500  inbabitants.  The  fluctuating 
population  havhig  withdrawn,  there  may  be  u  tnting 
decrease;  for,  at  the  tunc  when  the  census  was  taken, 
we  were  thront-ed  wiih  strangers,  drawn  to  the  i)lacfe 
by  the  ill-advised  and  premature  uproar  so  loolishly 
raised  about  it.  That,  however,  fortuiiatc  y,  did  no 
essential  harm,  and  is  an  earnest  that,  lor  the  iuture, 
it  is  not  even  in  the  power  of  our  friends  to  injure  us. 
We  have  now  seventy  stores,  of  various  kinds,  rieil>' 
stocked,  many  of  llu-ni  rivalling  those  ot  Philadeli-hia 
in  appearance. 

"  Since  last  spring,  about  fifty  new  brick  biuk  ings 
have  been  erected  hi  ihc  town,  more  than  halt  ol 
which  are  large  three  .story  houses.  Among  these  am 
the  uniform  stores  er.-cted  by  James  Appleton,  at  the 
upper  part  of  Centre  stieet.  Jacob  Alter  has  also 
erected  three  handsome  stores,  in  the  neighborhoo<l 
ef  the  Arcade. 

''Nor  are  our  private  houses  less  creditable  to  us 
tlian  our  public  improvements.  Among  (hose  whicli 
have  lately  bcencompleted,  we  would  ii.eiUion  Lran 
cis  B.  Nichols'  and  AbTaham  Pott's,  on  Market  street;. 
J.  Sfuiderson's,  Burd  Patterson's,  on  Mahantango 
stre.i:  J.  C.  Otlormau's,  on  Centre  street;  and  many 
athers  less  remarkable;  but  imparting  an  air  ot  neat- 
h  •  ;  ,uid  comtort  net  ofien  seen  m  towns  ol  such  rap;a 


284  uisTonr  of  Schuylkill  county". 

growtli,      In   iho  Inwer  part  of  the  town,  we  have    ' 
Thomus  Uidgtiv/ay's,  and  several  others,  conipiising 
part  of  whal'is  iisnaUy  caUed  Morrisville,  wliich,  with     | 
Mount  Ciirhon.  forms  a  strikhig  entrance  to  the  town     \ 
from  the  south.  i 

"Wo  iiui-M  not  omit  to  mention  M.  B.  Ikiekley's  | 
beautiful  ruKlirJoii  to  Pottsville,  distinguished  by  tlie  i 
name  of  tlr-M.nwoo.l,  occupying  a  ])oint  remarkiihlo  for  | 
its  beauly.aufl  the  i-uried  scenery  whicli  itcornrnands.  | 
Among  the  iuiprovements,  we  remark  a  large  sioub  ■% 
liotel,  and  a  row  u[  handsome  stone  liouses.  In  the  f 
rear,  on  tlic  river  r(/ad  to  Port  Carbon,  there  is  a  large  | 
brewery, m  full  operation,  established  by  A.  Y.  Moore,  | 
enabling  us  to  bo-.st  of  beer  fully  ctpial  to  that  o!  j 
Plhladelpiiia.  I 

'•Adjoining  Morrisville,  as  we  remarked  above,  i 
stands  i\loum  Cabon,  which, under  the  fostermg  caro  1 
of  John  Whih.',  now  fully  equals  any  part  of  the  ] 
town  in  appearance.  During  the  past  season,  inany  i 
valuable  addili'Mis  have  been  completed  ;  partlLularly  | 
a  hotel,  which  would  do  credit  to  a  city,  and  a  row  j 
cH'  stores,     'fb.,  Norwegian  railroad  terminates  j.ere. 

"  Mount  Carbon  com[)rises  the  southern  extremity 
of  Pottsville.  It  stands  on  the  Schuylkill,  at  the  foot 
of  the  Sharp  moimtain,  lying  in  tlie  valley  be;\\  een 
tliat  antl  SuconJ  mountain.  Its  situation  isroniuMtic  ; 
the  abruju  hills,  risiiig  almost  perjieiulicularly  around, 
are  strikingly  grand  ;  while  the  Schuylkill,  winding 
through  the  g')rges  of  the  mountain,  complcicf  a 
scene  of  ]ncturt  sipie  beauty  unsiu'passed  by  the  points 
in  whose  priiise  our  northern  tourists  are  so  fUieni. 
Sharp  mountain  itself  is  a  remarkable  natural  curi- 
osity, resend/ling  a  rampart-boundary  to  the  coal 
region  on  ilio  iouih, 

'• 'J'hi;   origiiiai  Iavu  of  Mount   Carbon   receitv:Q 
considerable  additions  during  the  last  year.     S       , 
the  closing  of  navigation,  the  lock  at  the  mouti   o.  . 
Ciinal  has  been  reneweil,  under  the  superintt  i.i, 
of  Mr.  Mdks,  tlic  agent  for  the  canal  company. 


1'; 


! 


mSTOKY  OF  SCHUYLKILL  COUNTY.      283 

the  pool  abo;x',  are  tlic  docks  of  Messrs.  Elmaker^ 
Audenreiil,  ami  White  &  Coombe,  who  have  two 
docks  at  the  r^iar  of  their  store  houses,  eacli  twenty- 
eight  feet  wide,  and  in  Lnglh  one  is  one  hundred,  and 
the  otlier  one  liun(hed  and  fifty  feet.  Beyond  arc 
Mr.  Eldridge's  landings,  adjoining  the  range  now  con- 
structing for  Messrs.  Thouron  and  Macgregor.  On 
the  opposite  side,  he  the  boat  yards  of  Mr.  Shelly,  and 
the  extensive  landings  of  the  North  American  Compa- 
ny. Again  on  the  left  are  Mr.  S.  J.  I'olt's  wharves; 
those  of  iMessrs.  Morris ;  and  Mr.  C.  Storer's  boat 
yard,  on  wliicti  we  perceive  he  is  erecthig  a  screw 
dock.     The  Jatier  lie  at  the  foot  of  Morrisville. 

"The  pool  beluw^  the  bridge  alFords  wharves  to  the 
store  iiouses  of  Messrs.  Moore  &  Graham,  Nathans, 
Thurston,  and  others.  Several  new  landings  are  hero 
constructing,  the  margin  of  the  river  jnx'senting  every 
facility  for  works  of  this  nature.  I'he  principal  build- 
ings lately  erected  are  a  range  of  stone  stores  and 
dwelling  houses,  the  hotel  on  Centre  street;  on 
Market  strtnt,  six  lum;  and  twelve  frame  bihldings. 
Tlie  houd  i.s  ii  l)(.;iuliful  edilice  of  stone,  forty-tivc 
feet  wide  by  eighty-two,  exclusive  of  the  piazza, 
which  presents  a  promenade  to  each  story,  embracing 
a  view  of  the  mountainous  scenery  around.  These 
improvements  are  owing  to  the  enterprizing  spirit  of 
Messrs.  While  and  Coombe. 

"The  Mount  Carbon  railroad,  projected  as  an  onl^ 
let  for  the  rich  cnal  formations  of  the  Norwegian 
CTeek  valleys,  was  commenced  in  Oct.  lSii9,  under 
the  superintendence  of  William  R.  Hopkins,  clnef- 
engineer,  and  .lohn  White,  president.  At  the  termi- 
nation the. road  is  elevated  ujjon  31  piers  of  niasomy, 
erected  upoti  the  lariduigs;  thence  it  passes  through 
tl  »  gap  of  Sliar])  moimtain,  across  the  landings  l>e- 
6  .4  menlicned,  follov.'ing  the  valley  of  the  Scb/uyl- 
.  i/>  to  Morrisville,  Af  this  point  we  have,  on  tlie, 
( /afi;  Messrs.  i\Iorris'  mines,  and  on  the  apposite  side 
t   I   the  river,  en  the  l.ippincott  and  Richards  ^ract, 


28<J  UI.STOUl''    OF    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY. 

the  mines  uow  worked  by  Mr.  Baraclough;     The  t^ 

road  hen?  loaves  liio  Schuylkill,  at  its  junction  \/iih  m 

the  Norwegian  creek,  stretching  up  the  valley  ol'  iha  f^ 

latter,  parallel  with  the  (ireenwood  iniprovenuuiic-,  ^i 

directly  through  Pottsville,  to  the  Ibrks :  a  distance  ^i^ 

of  6,208  feet  t\'oni  the  i)iejs.     Below  this  are  ihe  ^T' 

mines  now  working  by  Mr.  M'Kechney,  and  several  ^ 

openings  vn  land  belonging  to  I).  J.  Khoads,  Ksq  1 

<'  On  tlie  last  branch,  wiiich  is  14,200  feet  in  lengdi,  | 
the  first  lateral  above  the  forks  belongs  to  the  iNorfh  | 
American  Co.,  and  l^'ads  to  their  Centreville  colli.Ties,  | 
wliere  they  havj  twelve  ojjenhigs,  upon  the  celebra-  I 
ted  Lewis  and  Spohn  veins.  This,  coal  is  in  high  1 
estimali(/n,  ainl  lias  greatly  aided  in  establishing  the  | 
reputation  of  Selmylkill  county  coal,  in  the  easieni 
markets.  JJeyumi' this,  the  road  passes  through  Ben- 
jamin Poll's  fihd.s,  and  again  strikes  the  Si)ohn  veiii 
at  the  east  mines  of  the  North  American  Co.  '^I'he 
Hillsborough  iniCt  eomes  next,  on  the  right,  on  wliicii 
are  several  openings.  Here  we  diverge  to  the  IciU 
through  the  celebraled  Peach  mountain  tract,  bi'iing- 
ing  to  J.  Whituj  and  pass  five  openings  made  by  him. 
Next  the  Ixose  ivill  tract,  owned  by  L.  Elhnaker:  on 
these  lands  are  several  mines,  leased  by  the  Mestra. 
Warner,  Wade,  and  others,  near  the  town  of  "Wndes- 
yille :  a  liuiving  lillle  ])lace,  laid  out  by  Mr,  Elll- 
maker.  Above  the  town,  the  lateral  road  iVoni  Capt. 
Wade's  mine  comes  down.  The  east  branch  termi- 
nates upon  the  Flowery  field  tract,  belonging  la 
Messrs.  Bonsull,  Wetherill,  and  Cummings.  This 
land  has  been  exteiii;ively  worked  by,  various  indi- 
viduals. 

"The  West  llianeh  commences  at  Marysville.  on 
the  Oak  hill  tract,  aiid  is  l(),400deet  in  length.  On 
tliis  esrate  are  the  mines  leased  by  Messrs.  Smith. 
Hart,  M'axwoll,  Wade,  Hall,  Dennis,  Gallagher,  and 
Martin.  Among  those  are  the  celebrated  Dmn.end 
n.nd  Oaiv  liiii  veinij.  We  must  not  omit  the  hold 
kept  Iie.re,  by  l\h.  B-  Gallagher,  at  a  convenient  di;i 


% 


•fJISTOUY    OF    SCHUYLKILL    COUNTIT^  2?-7 

tance  from  PottsviUe  for  an  excursion.  Below  Oak 
hill  are  the  Green  park  and  Clinton  tracts;  the  former 
belonging  to.  John  White,  and  the  latter  to  Mrs. 
Spohn.  At  Green  jiark  there  is  one  opening  under 
the  superintendence  ol  Mr.  James  ])ill.  Adjoining 
this  is  the  IJelniont  estate — also  John  White's.  Next 
the  Thouron  tract,  a  portion  of  which  has  been  pur- 
chased by  lien].  Poit^  tht;  Spohn  vein  passing  through 
it,  Contiguous  are-.the  Spohn,  Lewis,  and  Duncan 
estates.  The  railroad  huro  i)asses  li.  Pott's  saw-rnill, 
and  extends  in  a  })erfeclly  straight  line,  a  mile  in 
length;  nearly  to. (lie  juncwua  witli  the  main  road." 

Since  the  above  extract  was  published,  now  fifteen 
years,  many  inijjortant  changes  have  taken  place. 
Old  mines  havebeenexhausted  orabandoned,and  new 
ones  bjjened ;  a  great  number  of  new  railroads  have 
been  constructed  ;  several  mines  liave  been  explored, 
and  pofitably  worked,  below  the  water  level.  Tliv 
geology  of  the  region  has  been  fully  explored  ;  Fotts- 
ville,  Reading,  and  ]^liiladel])liia  railroad  has  been 
opened,  in  \til2,  alfurding  tiaily  connnunication  m 
seven  hours  to  Philad(;lphia,  and  promising  to  etl'eet  a 
complete  revolution  in  IIk;  transportation  of  coal ;  tht 
speculations  of  18136,  imve  expanded  and  exploded. 
PottsviUe  has  iticreased  its  population  from  2,424,  in 
1830,  and  3,117  in  1835,  to  4,3^5,  in  1840;  and  is 
now  a  compact,  bustling  place.  Its  trade,  no  longer 
driven  back  and  forth  by  the  tide  of  speculation,  has 
settled,  or  is  settling,  into  a  steady  channel,  well  un- 
derstood, and' well  managed  by  capitahsts,  merchants 
and  miners.  The  town  t\ow  contains  a  handsome  Epis- 
copal church,  a)id  a  sj)Iendidaiuw  Catholic  cathedral, 
both  in  the  Gothic  sLyle  ;  a  German  Catholic  church, 
and  neat  edifices,  for  th<j  l^resbyterian,  German  lie- 
formed  and;  Lutheran,  Episcopal  Methodist,  Welsh 
Methodist,  Universalists,  Welsh  Jkiplist,  Welsh  Pres- 
byterians, Welsh  CalviniiUs,  Quakers,  and  an  African  ; 
in  all,  14  churches;  two  academies,  a  numb<;r  of  public 
schools,  a  spacious  town  haU;.a  splendid. hotel, called 


f, 


p 


288  HISTORY    Oif    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY.  f  | 

Pennsylvania  Hall,  and  several  other  spacious  hoivjl:^;  I*! 

a  fnrnace,  at  vvludi  ii'on  has  heea  siiccessrully  njado  *  ^ 
with  anthracite  coal ;  a  Ibrge  and  rolling  mill;  several 
large  I'oundrics,  steam  engine  I'actories  and  maciiiuo 

shops,  &c.     The  Greenwood  I'urnace  lately  repaired,  .,  ' 

and  under  the  superintendcmce  of  i)r.  Palmer,  &  Co,,  1 1 

is  now  in  succ'/ssful  operation.  |-^ 

Messrs.  Haywood  ^  Snyder's  foundry,  macliino 

thoj),  &c.,  was  crocti  d  in   18.'3-l — is  avery  exteo-jivc  'I" 

establisliiheui.      The    Pottsville    Iron  foimdry   ;md  '':^^ 

machine   sho}),  owiui.l    and   carried  on    jjy    \\.  W.  ^l\ 

McCinni.,  '•m]>'oy ;    constantly   from  fifty  to   .-:xty  || 

hands.     Fairell's  foundery,  was  started  a  few  ye: as  || 

ago — gives  cmploym.  lit  to  some  six  or  eight  handi  J| 

The.se  .se\,'eial  .U.und lics  manufacture  annually  an);;ics  'h 

to  the  amount  of  $1  10,000.  ■^ 

Clemen's  steran  mill    has  heen  in  operation  -.nice  a 

183G.     'J'hcre  is  in  extensive  hoard  yard  here,  several  -f:}, 

breweries,  and  ^(.ures  of  stores,  groceries,  shops,  iLc..  \^ 

There  are  foin  weiddy  newspapers  published,  aiul 
ably  conducted,  \  iz  :  " 'l"he  Miners'  Journal,"  euiicd 
by  lienjamin  J{;innan,  Isscp  ;  "  Tlie  l^jttsville  Empo- 
num,"  hy  E.  0.  Jackson,  Esq.;  "The  Anthracite 
Gazette,"  hy  Messrs.  Wynkoop  &  Kershner,  Esijrs. ; 
Olid  one,  a  German  pajier,  "/)/e  FreULcist  Prc.^yc.'''' 

The  Danville  and  Pottsville  railroad,  designed  to 
connect  the  Schuylkill  Navigation,  at  Pottsville,  witii 
the  Susquehanna  at  Danville  and  Snnhury,  was  pro- 
jected hi  1S2G,  and  was  completed  in  1831  us  far  as 
Girardville,  a  small  handet  of  three  or  four  houses, 
ten  miles  north  of  Potisville,  Sixteen  miles  are  also  ¥■ 
completed  on  tlie  Si  nbury  end.  The  death  of  ifs  ffl 
diief  patrons,  tin;  lite  Stephen  Girard,  and  Cxvu.  \ 
Daniel  Moiitgom(n'y,of  Danville,  with  whom  tht-  jnu-  I 

ject  originated,  lias  ri;tarded  the  progress  of  the  v.cik.  ; 

On  the  ten  miles  near  I'uttsville,  a  tunnel  of  1\A)  km  j 

long,  and  f^iir  inclira-d  planes,  have  heen  conslriiCkd  ^ 

;.(  ail  enormous  exjieiise;  hut  the  tunnel  ii,5t'j  feet         % 


% 


HISrOtiV    OP    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY.  2S^ 

long,  into  the  Giiard  co;il  mines,  on  Mahonoy,  is  but 
'partially  completed.  Until  this  is  done,  this  part  oi 
the  road  cannot  be  prutitably  used,  and  the  super- 
structure is  now  rotting-  in  the  sun. 

t ,  As  the  mines'  in  IVa'orable  situations,  above  water 
ievel,  become  exhausted,  it  is  necessary  either  to  seek 
new  ones  at  a  greater  distance,  and  an  increased  cost 
of  transportation,  or  to  dive  dee])erinto  the  bowels  ot 
the  earth.  The  hAuM  course  has  been  adopted  in 
several  valuable  jnines,  about  Pottsville,  by  Mr. 
Charles  Lawioiij  iMessrs.  Pott  and  Bamian,  Mr. 
Charles  EUet,  the  Di.'laware  Coal  Company,  Mihie 
and. Haywood,  and  Mr.  lieorge  II.  Pott,  and  others. 
Mr.  Liawton  is  mi(l<jrniiniug  the  very  town  (jf  Potts- 
ville itself.  These  veins  are  inclined  at  an  inclination 
of  about  forty  degrees.  A  wide  shafts  or  descending 
■passage,  is  iirst  sunk,  at  die  inclination  of  tlie  vein, 
wide  enougli  for  a  double  track  railroad,  upon  which 
'  ihe  loaded  cars  are  Ijanlcel  to  the  top  of  the  mine. 
Tiie  Miners'  Joarnal  says,  in  18d2  : 

V  '•Tho  collieiy  o['  P.  It  and  Pannau  is  of  the  most 
interesting  of  tlic  kni>i  in  the  region,  and  will  well 
■repay  the  troulde,  and  we  might  add  the  fotigues,  of 
a  visit.  , The  colliery  is  better  known  as  the  Guinea 
hill,  or  Black  mine,  and  is  one  of  the  deepest  in  our 
V:oal  basin.  •  Th>;  depth  of  the  slope  is  400  feet,  which, 
at  the  inclination  of  jbrty  degrees,  would  give  a  per- 
pendicular depili  oi^252  feet  into  the  very  bowels  of  the 
earth.  The  pitch  of  the  vein,  as  soon  as  it  loses  the 
intluence  of  the  hill,  is  very  regular,  and  the  coal  be- 
■comes  of  a  purer  and  better  quality,  and  is  found  in 
■greater  masses  between  the, slates.  The  colliery  is 
worked  with  two  steam  engines — one  of  fitty  horse 
'power,  and  the  odici'  of  twenty.  The  former  is  used 
-in  pumping  the  water  uhicli  accumulates  in  the 
mines,  anil  the  iiuiei'  in  hoisting  the  coal  in  cars  to  tla^ 
mouth  of  die  slope.  The  pump  used  in  the  colliery 
is  of  cast  lion,  twelve  mclKsni  diameter,  and  exteims 
the  ouiiiL  dcjvili  of  die  slopu — 400  feet.  Tlie  colum.j 
S 


290  HISrOHY    OF    SCHUTLKILL   COUNTY. 

ot"  water  broiitAlii  up  by  tlic  engine,  at  eacli  lii.  ci'  .i.,; 
pump,  is  (anal  in  .veight  to  about  eight  ton..-!  and  i 
half. 

■'At  iliiniepili  of  200  feet  of  this  slope,  a  tumuli  has 
been  driven  ninety  yards  soiitii  to  the  Tutuiel  vtiti.  and 
70  yards  novtti  tu  the  Lawton  vein — both  iniough 
solid  roclc  5  which  (Miables  the  proprietors  to  work  lliree  : 
veinSjWidi  thii  present  engines  and  fixtures.  /",s  the 
visitor  k'iivcs  ihe  r-lope,  and  finds  hiniself,  lantern  in 
lu'ud,  groping  Ins  way  through  the  gangway  mlo  tire 
ho.arl  of  tiie  niiiiojie  is  half  bewildered  and  f-uutled, 
as  the  almost  iudir^tinct  masses  of  coal,  slate,  dirt,  &c,.  j 
fashion  themselves  into  something  Ijordering  npon  a 
dark,  (hisky^  and  e/en  forbidding  outline,  it  seems 
as  if  you  h;id  fallen  upon  a  subterranean  city,  lutried 
by  some  great  convulsion  of  nature  ;  and  the  illusion 
is  still  furthtr  heightened  by  observing  workmen 
busily  engaged,  aj'i)arently  in  excavating  the  rains. 
Or,  if  you  arc  Inghly  imaginativt?,  and  have  read  the 
Odyssey,  you  might  readily  fancy  the  feelii'gb  of 
Ulysses,  ihal  •gidl-like  and  much-onduring  man,"  | 
when  liu  paiJ  a  \  isit  to  the  infernal  shades,  fer  tbo  | 
purposii  of  a s./ur laming  (he  shortest  and  mo$i  direct,  | 
cut  to  his  beloved  Ithaca.  Homer,  ho\vevcr,  does-  I 
apt  inform  us  whether  or  not  the  shades  carried  lamps  I 
in  their  caps.  wilh!u;t  which  the  pick  would  le  of  lit-  | 
tie  use  to  our  miners."  1 

On   several  occasions.  Pottsville  sustained   injury 
from  freshets — in  October,  1831,  and  January,  1841.     I 
The  following  tVom  the  JVliner's  Journal  gives  an  ac- 
count of  these  I'reshets  : 

•'Since  die  recollection  of  our  oldest  inhabitants,  fhis 
portion  gf  die  country  has  not  been  visited  by  so  con- 
siderable a  freshet  as  wa.s  witnessed  in  the  early  ].ian 
of  the  weeii:.  It  is  not  less  remarkable  that  the  loss 
of  property  sustained  by  this  accumulation  of  waiers, 
has  proved,  so  far  as  is  ascertained,  entirely  dispro- 
norl)CQ(;d  to  thegenciral  a[)prehension— -aiiotf.e..;  prooi' 


HISTORY    or    tCauyLKILL   COUNTY,.  2i»l 

of  the  pervading  strcnyih  and  solidity  of  the  results  of 
ontciprize.  I'hj  rain  luis  fallen  copiously  during 
^veral  nights  preceding  Tuesday,  on  which  day  ii 
subsided,  exluLiting  in  its  eiiects  in  the  accniiuilated 
tprrents  which  rolled  down  the  declivities  of  our 
mountains.  Many  of  the  low  grounds  were  involved 
ill  inundLUion. 

"The  Scluiylkili  ro,':e  to  an  unusual  height.  A  por- 
tioti  of  tlie  main  Itigli  v/ay,  near  Maj.  Kcpner^s,  was 
overilowa  ;  travelling  in  carriages  was  checked,  and 
the  laaii  from  that  point,  was  carried  to  our  borough 
on  horse-back.     Tlic  Sciiuylkill  navigation  dam,  in 

'this  vicinity,  reeeiveiJ  some  damage,  which  Avas 
speedily  repaired.  Several  coal  wharves  at  Port 
Carbon  were  somewiiat  injured,  by  the  removal  of  a 
part  of  the  strnctnro  supporting  them.  Several  boats 
were  swept  away.  Mr.  Craiolei/,  ihe  owner,  widi 
didiculty  preserved  Ins  dwelling  house,  by  erecting  in 

^I'ront  a  strong  stone  liarrier  four  feet  in  height,  from 
the  devouring  Hood.     Jlis  barn,.however,  was  carried 

away. 

''  'I'he  destruction  of  j)roporty  has  (January,  18-11,) 
been  considerable,  by  iilliugup  the  cellars,  &c.,  in  this 
borough,  wliich  in  soiue  instances  was  so,  sudden  that 
the  merchants  had  no  tnnu  to  remove  their  goods. 
Our  friends  in  Coal  street  had  tlieir  conununicalioii 
wUh  the  rest  of  the  town,  completely  cut  off,  by  the 
water  in  the  Norwegian,  which  completely  inundated 
all  tliQ  houses  bordermg  on  the  stream.  Part  of  the 
end)ankmentof  the  Cireenwood  canal  has  been  swepr 
away,  below  the  aqueduct — and  the  houses  on  tlie 
Island  were  ail  completely  surrounded  with  water. 
'I'he  families  froni  some  were  carried  out  wiien  the 
water  was  middle  deep.  Tlie  water  completely  sur- 
rounded Clemen's  2c  Parvin's  steam  mill,  and  the 
wharves  below  the  mill  were  washed  into  the  basii!, 

"  Aboiit  fifty  yards  of  the  embankment  of  the  Navi 
gatiou  Compnny's'  canahhas  been  swept  away,  oppj 
/     Tunibling  rua  dam,  and  about  one  huuiU'ed  fv;CJ 


29J  lIlsTOKy    JF    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY. 

of  the  tiiihaiikn.icui  opposite  C.  Lawton's  wharl',  car- 
rying away  his  sclmtes  and  the  old  lioat  house,  and 
the  old  hiidge  connecting  the  new  turnpike  with 
Mount  Carbon,  was  also  carried  oft'.  The  towpath 
bridge  opposite  Lewisport  is  earned  away — and  :; 
breach  lias  been  made  in  the  canal  at  ^Vdani's  locks. 
Djibelli's  dcini  is  also  injured. 

''Tho  Schuylkill  bridge  below  this  borough,  is  m-> 
much  injured,  liiat  il  is  considered  dangerous  Id  pass 
over  it. 

•''At  the  lirst  dam  above  Audenreid's  mill, the  water 
broke  out  and  com[»letely  surrounded  the  lock-lmuse, 
■carrying  away  the  stable,  undermining  the  ibiaida- 
tion  ot'thc  huiu-o,  ajid  the  lock  also,  the  walls  uiboU: 
ot'  which  will  jnouably  lall  down.  About  one  liuh- 
■dred  yards  of  ilie  I'lubankinent  of"  the  canal  ha^  aKc 
been  carried  aAvay.  A  sick  person  in  the  look-l^'ure 
was  rescued  wiih  great  dillicully. 

"  The  railroads  in  this  region  are  all  more  or  k  -^i  in 
j\ui)d  by  die  il(  ^trnrdon  of  bridges,  undermining,  o^^. 
The  townof  Port  Carbon  was  com])letelyinund;u:d- 
the  water  reached  up  almost  as  far  as  the  baidi,  taa 
two  bridges  are  left  standing.  Mr.  Kinsk'y  Uv.i 
lost  considerably,  and  Mr.  Pott  has  lost  his  gard>j'.;-— 
an  acre  ka. 

.  '*  At  SchuylkUl  Haven,  the  damage  has  alsg  been 
very  great.  Several  of  tlie  coal  wharves  liave  bmu 
washed  away,  and  the  balance  irlled  up.  Mr. 
Lewis  Daugbcrty,  we  learn,  lost  several  railroad 
wagons.  The  coal  has  also  disappeared  from  the 
wharves. 

"The  Tuni])lii\g  run  dam  narrowly  escaped  irjiv. 
being  cuiied  avv  ay.  IMie  water  had  made  a  pa  -age 
inside  ii;e  wiiig  wall  of  the  water-way — fortunately, 
it  was  discovered  m  time,  otherwise  the  dam  would 
have  been  swept  away,  and  Mount  Carbon  wonld 
have  sulicred  5ever( ly.". 


nisTOuy  OF  t.cnuYLKiLj,  qounty. 


203; 


.  JWi  Carbon,  a  })osr  uiwn,  was  first  laid  out  in 
1826,  l)y  Mr.  Abiahaiu  I'ott;  he  first  laid  oil"  one 
Imndred  lots,  of  one  acic  each,  Ironi  tlie  mouth  of 
Mill  creek  to  the  Salem  landing.  In  1828,  he  sold 
tiie  lois  and  tl;irty-four  acres  ,of  his  farm,  to  JNlessrs. 
Seitzinger  and  WclhuiiM,  fur  forty-five  dollars  per 
acre,  who  laid  oli'  iliu  whole  into  suiUible  town  lots; 
and  as  the  place  Vw'as  creat(3d  by  the  coal  trade,  it  was 
called  Po7^t  Carbcn. 

The  first  \ua-cm)  bhiit  in  Port  Carboii,  was  erected 
by  A.  Poit,  ill  ]8^(;,  -adii  i;,  U)  use  hisown  language. 
•'We  had  a  real  Ing-c  d)in-raising."  In  1829,  MV.  Potl 
sold  sixty-four  acres  to  Daniel  J.  Khoads,  for  four 
tliousand  dollais,  \v1ili  afun'wards  laid  out  Rhoads 
town.  In  1829,  JNlt.  Poll  laid  out  Irishtown,  and 
sold  one-half  of  it  to  Purd  Patterson,  Esq.,  and  Mr. 
Joseph  Swift ;  still  owning  tlie  half  himself.  In  1829. 
William  Lawt(ni  laid  out  Lawtontown.  The  same 
year,  A.  Pott  and  John  P,  Gardener,  laid  out  Acre- 
town.     Young's  addiiion  was  made  in  1828. 

From  these  five  onuinal  "starlings,"  viz:  Port  Car- 
bon, Irishtown,  Ji/ifj(uistow/t,  Latvtontown,  Acit- 
town,  and  Young's  Addition,  now  merged  into  one, 
arose  a  town,  that  numbered,  at  the  time  of  taking 
the  census  in  1830,  about  one  hundred  dwelling 
liouses,  and  iiine  hundred  and  twelve  inhabitants. 
The  })lace  is  no  w  known  as  Port  Carbon.  The  place 
met  with  some  reverses  in  1831'  and  '32.  "  In  the 
syncope,"  says  a  Aviiier  of  1832,  "which  followed  the 
extreme  excitement  in  the  coal  region,  many  of  the 
houses  are  at  present  (1832)  without  tenants;  some 
of  them  unfinished,  and  falling  to  decay."  "  lint  the 
site,"  continues  tlio  same  writer,  "  has  many  advan  < 
tages  for  a  town,  and  as  ilie  shipping  port  for  a  larg» 
and  rich  coal  region,,  mnsl  have  considerable  busi- 
ness. It  ]ii.>!  at  llie  cionilnence  of  Mill  creek  wid. 
tile  Schuylldll  river,  uiid  upon  the  head  of  the  na\'i- 
gation  oi'  the  ialiL-r.  The  pool  here  gives  great  facili- 
ty'    fjr  lading  places,  wluch  are  connected  with  i'ui. 


}.i 


294  HISTORY    OF    SCHDYLKILL   COUNTY. 

coal  mines  ou  both  sides  of  the  river,  by  railways, 

—the  chief  of  wliicli  is  the  MiU  creeic  road,  and  the  m 

Schuylkill  valley  road.     The  former  extends  up  Mill  ^^ 

creek.     It  has  connected  with  several  lateral  roaclr,."'  '|l 

The  Schuylkill  railroad  connects  with  Port  Carhoft  || 

and  Tusccjora.  il 

Port  Carbon  is  a  place  of  considerable  importance  ^ 

It  stands  rauivalied  as  a  place  for  shipphig  coal.     A  'H 

number  of  railroads  center  or  terminate  here,  Irom  .]| 
numerous  coal  mines.     The  Schuylkill  valley  rail- 
load,  the   Mill  civm'I:  railroad,  the  Port  Carbon  and 

Mount  Carbon  roads,  (the  latter  connecting  with  the  |J 

Reading   railroad,)   all    centre    here.     JNlure    coal    n  h 

sliipped  luat;  thuu  at  Potlsville.  % 

Port  Carbon  c:unbi-,ls  of  rising  one  himdred  dv/dl-  j^ 

jngs;   many  of  iliLin  make  a  line  appearance;  six  | 

taverns,  tbntcen  dry  goods,  grocery  and  feed  stores;,  *» 

a  steam-nnll,  owned  by  L.  F.  Whitney,  Esq. ;  iron  i 

foundry  and  macliine  shop,  by  T.  II.  \Vintersteii.:  a  g 

shovel  factory,  by  A.  0.  Ikook  ;  several  warehon.  e.s;  g 

two   clunclu;s,   f:;igli--.h    Presbyterian,  and    Cerinan  | 

Ueformed  and  Lutheran  ;  also,  a  pidjlic  school  house.  | 

There  are  several  coal  mines  contiguous  to  it ;  one 
owned  by  Midia.el  McDormut,  worked  by  Charh^s 
Ellett,  wiih  a  blope  t>ix  hundred  feet  deei),  and  vv/o 
stationary  engincts ;  one  immediately  above  PortCiir- 
bon,  on  the  North  American  company  lands,  worlced 
by  Mr.  Chillas.  This  mine  was  set  on  iire  bonie 
twelve  -years  agi  >,  and  burned  for  some  time  •,  but 
has  been  again  le-opcned,  and  now  successfuily 
worked  under  the  sujierintendence  of  Mr.  Ilodgkiss. 
It  has  a  drift  uf  thiofj  hundred  and  lit'ty  yard.s  in 
length. 

'•  We  do  not  know/'  says  the  editor  of  the  ^'Jn/  :,  u  ■ 
K'.ile  Gdzvtte.f'  '•  a  n.orc  busy  or  industrious  jMij^ola- 
■.ion,  tbati  thai  coiilaiued  iii   our  sister    boio\n  b    a!' 

'  Poi'.jV'ille,  iM-.iy  11,  IS-ii. 


HISTCUr    OF    ECnUYLKILL   COUNTY. 


295 


Port  Carbon.  J3cing  a  dopot  of  considerable  impor- 
tance in  tlie  coal  region,  throughout  the  business  sea- 
•onj  it  exhibits  one  unvaried  scene  of  enterprize  antl 
active  labor.  Loden  cars  of  coal  from  the  various 
mines,  extended  along  eight  miles  of  the  Schuylkill 
valley  railroad,  arc  continually  pouring  tlieir  iiselul 
freiglit  into  the  boats  at  that  place.  The  continual 
clatter  of  unloading,  shoveling  and  screening  coal, 
fesoiinds  from  morning  till  night.  The  chink  of  the 
blacksmith's  hammer — the  lium  of  machinery,  and 
deep-mouthed  breathing  rf  the  powerful  steam  engine, 
are  all  wonted  accomp:\n;iiients  to  the  labors  of  th«i 
day.  Every  thing  denotes  energy  and  activity,  and 
lazy  men  are  scarce  connnoditics  in  that  neighbor- 
hood. 'I'he  fav(.rablu  change  which  will  be  brought 
in  the  increase  of  iii-juilation,  business,  and  facility, 
after  tlie  compl«.lion  of  ih.;  iVlount  Carbon  aiid  Poit 
Carbon  railroads,  will  add  greatly  to  the  already  line 
prospects  of  the  district.  Port  Carbon  presents  a  fine 
site  tor  a  large  town,  and  we  contidently  anticipatt-, 
that  the  day  is  iu,l  iar  distant,  when  all  the  fint 
building  lots,  v.uh  \Jiitli  the  valley  abounds,  will 
be  covered  by  good  and  substantial  edifices.  It  will 
yut  become  (and  t/tii  prediction  may  be  recordetl 
against  us)  one  o^  the  greatest  and  most  iinportanl 
points  in  the  Sclhiyllall  county  coal  region. 

"The  business  now  done  in  the  borough,  apart 
from  the  coal  trade,  is  considerable.  There  are  already 
large  stores  engaged  in  selling  merchandize,  all  doing 
a  good  business,  deriving  their  custom,  not  only 
from  the  immediate  neighborhood,  but  principally 
from  the  numerous  mining  villages,  located  at  diti'er- 
ent  points  along  tije  ronies  of  the  above  mentiuneil 
railroads. 

"In  speaking  of  Fct  Carbon,  we  liave  taken  in 
the  several  additions  l:newn  as  J^awtontown,  Irisf- 
town,  &c,,  as  diey  ;ue  ;dl  comprised  within  a  short 
limit,  and  are,  in  iiiet,  always  considered  as  the  pla  •« 

1". -h'" 


296  iJiaroKV  of  schcylkili.  countt. 

Coarjuennac,  in  Norwegian  township,  two  mill.;: 
above  Port  Carbon,  on  Mill  creek — is  a  regulaily  laid 
out  town,  or  two  hundred  and  twenty  lots,  on  a  iract 
oT  land  owned  hy  the  Ncirth  American  coal  coni]/any. 
Little  Wo]r  creek  passes  through  it.  It  contains  one 
tavern. 

St.  tV^///- is  one  mile  above  Coaquennac ;  oiisisu 
of  several  dwellings,  one  tavern  and  a  st0!(.'.  i\ 
powder  nnll,  o\nii/d  by  Messrs.  Frack  and  ScUzec. 

New  Cu.\[h  [>,  ;.  post-town,  in  Norwegian  lov/n- 
ship,  on  llie  .Siaih.jry  turnpike,  situated  ahoat  ibiii 
miles  north-west  of  Pottsville,  in  a  narrow  volley  ef 
Mine  hill.  It  was  laid  out  by  Lewis  Kllmalc;';  ami 
Others,  in  1S"0.  Il  is  a  coal  creation  ;  it  contiiiii?  be- 
tween liliy  and  sixty  dwelHngs,  sonre  of  winch  art; 
substantially  built ;  one  tavern,  three  stores,  and  a 
public  school  lion:;e.  The  population  exceeds  four 
hundred. 

Coal  Castle,  in  Norwegian  township,  qu  tin  Wtit  » 

7i ranch  of  ihc  Schaylkill  river,  and  on  the  raihM.ut.  i 

at  the   foot  oi  ihe  Hroad  mountain,  is  a  chi.tcr  ni  I 

seventy   small    liouses,  or    a    uiiners'  hamlet,   itb^nit  \ 

three  miles  abi^'/e  IMinersville,  > 

"A  little  wevt  of  this  place,  at  the  "jug:ular  veii:/'      I 
in  Broad  mountain,  a  coal  mine  on  fire  in  the  win       > 
t^3rs  of  1S.'3S  '3i),  and  has  since  defied  all  atlen:|)ts  to      | 
uxlingnish  it.     It  has  e/en  roasted  the  rocky  strata 
of  the  mountain  above  it,  de.stroyirjg  every  trace  of      ! 
vegetation  along  the  line  of  the  [)reast,  and  causing      | 
vast  yawinng  chasms,  where  the  earth  has  fall'^n  iti. 
from  which  i^..?iie  hot  and  sulphurous  tumes,  as  from       * 
a,  volcano.     The  luiue  was  ignited  by  a  careli;^s  mi- 
ner, who,   (0    moderate  the    temperature,  ])lacpd   a.       \ 
hanging  grate  at  fhe  mouth  el  the  drift.     'J'he  tirb       j 
coianituiicated  to  tlie  props,  and  then  to  the  raihjad        \ 
arid  such  a  heat  \\t:\^:  caused,  thai  it  nmst  have  Ci'acked 
olf  lumps  of  coal  lo  feed  the  flames.     It  seenis  scarcG 
possible  that  the  cumpact  vein  itself  can  be  on  fir»i^ 


HISTORY    Of    SC'niIYLKlI.L   COUNTY.  297' 

although  such  may  be  the  case.  Two  unfortunate 
miners  ])erishc(l  in  the  mines.  Tlie  lessee,  Lewis  G. 
Douglierty,  after  (rying  various  experiments  to  ex- 
liiiguish  it,  abandiiiird  it,  with  a  heavy  loss."  * 

Mackeysvillc,  t\vo  miles  west  of  Coal  Castle,  is  a 
miners'  hamlet,  consisting  of  some  tliirty  small  dwt;!- 
lings.  The  mines  are  wuiked  by  Col.  G,  C.  Wyii-. 
koop. 

•Biiy'sni:..  Col.,  p.  OIJ. 


fu 


•CKArTEU  IIT. 

mSl'ORY  OF  COAL,  &c. 

'1Iavi-n>..  giviii  a  brief  topographical  sketch  ol'  mo 
several  towuhliips  and  towns  in  this  comity,  this  part 
of  llie  \vui]{  may  be  a])propriately  closed  by  giVing  a 
liistory  of  the  di.M:ov(;ry  ol  dial,  and  coal  o])eraiioi;3 
in  this  regivjn.  'J\j  do  this,  place  is  given  to  the  lirst 
and  latest  annual  wuavl  ul'  the  Coal  Mhhng  Assl  cia- 
tion  of  Schuylkill  i..t.iinly;  the  I'ornier  )nadc  by  the 
board  in  ISD3,  and  die  latter  in  1815: 

The  BcKivd  (if  Trade  deem  it  proper,  at  this,tbr  ;  ii 
iiual  mci'iing  of  the  »' ('oal  Mining  Associatio;»  ui 
Sclmylkill  ('ounty,"  to  take  a  review  of  the  slate  ol 
the  coal  trade,  iVoni  its  commencement  in  this  county. 
\o  tlie  juesent  lini";  and  iidve  their  views  of  (ho 
Intnre  pi\'speeis  cf  the  miner,  together  with  mcI'. 
oomi)aris(.ns  and  inferences  as  may  be  thought  r.  ia-  \ 
'vent  to  the  suliject.  | 

So  early  as  ITlHi.  coal  was  known  to    abou:id  i..  ^ 

tliis  county;  bm,  it   being  of  a  dillerenl  quality  inac  j 

ihatknowu  to  o'jr  siniihs  as  bituminous  coal,  and  be-  ] 

mg  hard  of  ig.iilion,  it   was    deemed   useless,  until  j 

about  the  year  1 ";  i;i5,  when  a  blacksmith, named  Whel  .i 

stone,  broadit  ii  iMo  notice,  by  using  it  in  his  t.!'>iiii-  ' 

ery.     Ills  succcs.s  iiiuiiccd  several  to  dig  for  cord,  and  i 
■.vhen  found,  to  atPi.ipt  the  burning  of  it;  bui  tlvj 
diiijciilty  A^/as  so  great,  that  it  did  not  succeed. 

iiboni    die    year    1800,  a  Mr.  William  Moiiis-,, 
who  owuLd  a  laifre  tract  of  land  in  the  neielibuibo'/d 


HISTOay    OF    SCHUYLKILL  COUNTY.  299 

of  Port  Carbon.  procur'jJ  a  quantity  of  coal,  and  took 
it  to  Philadelphia,  but  he  was  vinable,  with  all  his  ex- 
ertions, to  bring  it  into  notice  ;  and  abandoned  all  his 
plans,  returned,  and  sold  liis  lands  to  Mr.  Pott,  the 
late  proprietor.  From  that  time,  to  about  the  year 
1806,  no  lartlier  eiforts  to  use  it  were  made.  About 
[  that  time,  iu  cutLitig  the  talc  race  for  the  Valley  Forge 

t  on  the  SchuylldlK  tliey   struck  on  a  seam  of  coal, 

f  whidi   induced  David    iJerlin,  a  blatksmith   in  the 

neighborhood,  to  make  uial  of  it ;  bis  success  was 
complete,  and  from  tliat  puriod,  it  has  been  partially 
used. 

In  the  year  1812,  our  lellovv  citizen,  Col,  George 
Shoemaker,  procured  ;i  ((uahlity  of  coal,  from  a  shaft 
Slink  on  a  trad  he  IkkI  recently  pnrcliased  on  the 
Norwegian,  and  nov/  owned  by  the  North  American 
Coal  Company,  and  known  as  the  Centreville  Mines. 
With  this  he  loaded  nine  wagons,  and  proceeded  to 
Philadelphia  ;  nmch  umo  was  sf)ent  by  him  in  en- 
deavoring to  introduce  it  to  notice,  but  all  his  elForts 
proveil  unavailing.  ThoM'  who  deigned  to  try  it,  de- 
clared Col.  Shoi,  nialvi  t  lo  I.e  an  impijstor,  for  attem[il- 
ing  to  impose  stone  on  them  lor  coal,  and  were 
clamorous  against  him. 
Not  discouraged  by  the  sneers  and  sarcasms  cast 
fi  upon  him,  he  prnsisnui  in  the  undertaking,  and  at  last 
11  succeeded  in  disposing  ol"  two  loads,  for  the  cost  ol 
|iL  transportation — and  the  remaining  seven  he  gave  to 
1^  persons  who  ])romised  to  :ry  to  use  it,  and  lost  all  the 
If       coal  and  charges. 

Fl  .  Messrs.  Mellon  and  Bisliop,.at  thoearnest  solicita- 
^^  lions  of  Col.  Shoemaker,  were  induced  to  make  trial 
if  of  it  in  their  rolling  mil!  in  Delaware  county,  and 
■Jt  finding  it  to  ans\i  er  fnlly  the  character  given  it  by 
m  Colonel  Shoemidvcr,  noficed  its  usefulness  in  the 
tl  Pliiladelpuia  papers  ;  and  trom  that  period,  we  may 
'*■  date  ihe  Iriimiph  of  rca^-on,  aided  by  perse  vera  in  l 
over  prejudice. 

A'  this  }>eriod,  ii:e  mountains  were  butpartially  e  \- 


300  unr onv  of  sohuylkilI}  county; 

plored,  and  the  scant,  but  hardy  population  of  th'; 
county,  depended  in  a  great  measure  on  liunting,  i'vA 
their  immediate  wants,  and  on  huriber,  for  supi'lyina 
tliose  articles  of  foreign  product,  that  were  reiniiied 
fur  then-  cono'orls  or  necessities. 

The  Itindicr,  jirocnred  during  the  wintei,  v/as 
formed  inio  rafts,  and  sent  down  when  spring  frushets 
rendered  the  river  navigable.  By  this  unceriain,  and 
nt  all  limes  precarions  mode  of  conveyance,  the  pro- 
duct of  this  county  was  conveyed  to  marku'i.  until 
the  cauud  v,ais  cr)niiilcled,in  the  year  18i25. 

In  the  year  \6\4,  a  few  of  the  Uiost  enterprisijig  ol 
the  citizens  projected  a  canal  from  Pliiiadelphia  to 
this  i)lace,  undur  an  impression  that  the  inmber  of 
Schuylkill  county,  and:  the  grain  of  the  counties  ho;-  | 
dering  on  the  Snsciaehanna,  would  rind  a  V(,iu.  avul  | 
ultimately  aiford  a  dividend  to  the  stockholders.  I 

At  that  period  there  were  a  lew  who  loolit  d  for.  1 

ward  to  a  time,  when  tlie  coal  from  this  county  w.-nid  I 

be  the  ]irinci|Ml  article  of  export,  and  M'ould'liiji  oni<;  j 

an  article  of  g 'ncral  use  ;  but  the  mnnber  wa^  Muall,  | 

and  a  vast  majority  looked  on  tiie  formation  of  a  caiuil  1 

through  this  wild  and  mountainous  region,  as  a  chi-  \ 

merical  scheme,  more  futcd  for  speculators  in  a  sioci:  | 

market,  than  fjom  any  benefit  that  might  result  lo  tlit  i 

stockholders,  uc  the  jniblic.  ] 

Bat,  with  all  the  discouragement  attendant  on  a  I 

measure  so  opposite  to  public  opinion,  the  stock  v.cs  ; 
taken  by  the  enter]. rising  capitalists  of  our  metro]. njis, 
and   the  work  ]»n^hed  with  vigor  to  a  com]'letiori, 

which  was  so  ntr  ai  eomplished  in  the  sununer  of  ]  825,  I 

as  to  enable  bunts  lo  ])ciss  from  Pottsviile  to  Pbiladeb  ] 

phia.  I 

_  As  was  to  be  LX])ee,ted,  from  a  work  of  sucli  jnng- 
nitude,  being  uideriakcn  and  finished  under .  ii.di  dij- 
coiiraging  prospcct.s,  the  canal  was  in  many  places 
detective  ;  and  owing  to  the  embankment  being  iiew, 
brtjachcs  occui'red  so  Irecpiently,  for  some  yer.rs  rifle] 


klSTOKI'    Of    .sCViUVLKILL   COUNTt.  301 

'llint  it  was  at  all  tiuios  <m  aucertaiu  conveyance,  un- 
'til,  by  the  lun-cinitliiiu  exertions,  and  laudable  and 
piaisewortiiy  por.se\'era)ice  of  the  Directors  of  the 
Navigation  Company,  liie  work  was,  last  year*, 
brought  to  that  statu  cf  perl'tiction,  that  warrants  the 
ossurance  that  tlic  naviiiati(»n  may  now  be  depended 
"Oil. 

'■  'It  has  been  ingc!l  a.-j  a  coMiplaint  against  the  Navi- 
gation Coni[)any',  thai  the  tolls  reqwired  are  higher 
than  they  should  h.'.  iiiid  U>  enable  us  to  sell  coal  as 
low  as  the  citlz'iis  ni'iMii  .\ilanticciUes  require  of  us, 
lliat  a  reduction  sli^raid  be  made — but  when  we  take 
into  view  the  heavy  aminmi  that  has  'been  expended 
by  the  eomj)any  ;  an;i  ihat  On- many  years  no  divi- 
^dend  had  been  luadi; ;  un.l  lul  iVoni  the  commence-' 
inentoi"  the  work,  up  to  the  j<i\-sent  time,  the  dividend 
on  the  stock  will  not  average  more  than  one-half  per 
•cent.  ])er  annum;  in  addition  to  which,  the  projected 
jmprovemcKts,  for  the  coming  and  succeeding  years, 
•are  of  such  magniludi;,  as  will  absorb  the  greater 
part  of  the  reveuiu  ;  i.  caniuii,  in  reasvin,  be  asked  of 
lliem  (o  reduce  iho  rak  of  lolls  ;  and  your  board  can- 
not withhold  from  the  tiireciors  of  the  company,  the 
•expression  of  their  a])probation  and  praise,  for  the 
liberal  and  enlightened  course  they  have  pursued,  in 
bringing  the  work  to  so  ]ie:fect  a  state ;  and  they  feel 
gratitied  in  anticipathig  the  profitable  return  that  will;, 
ere  long,  be  made  them  for  their  capital,  so  long  un- 
profitably  employed  in  a  work  that  requires  such  un- 
tiring -zeal  and  perseverance,  as  has  been  seldom  dis- 
played in  this  or  any  o:h(;r  country. 

■  Tn  making  the  foregoing  remarks,  your  board  have 
Ijeen  led  some  years  in  adwnice  of  their  sttbject ;  but 
feelittlue  to  the  Nmigatiun  Company,  to  give  a  view 
■of  their  operations,  lo  corrc:!  mis-stalc-meiits  made  of 
them, and  to  yAacc  the  snbjo:i  in  its  tru(3  liglit  before 
4he  associ'.iiitU'.. 

'I'lry  "-.vill  iiu'.v   proccjd  to  give  a  brief  outline  i»i 


503  IIISTOUY    01'    SCnDYLKILL   COUNTT, 

die  coal  I  ;iyi,iicss.  frum  the  best  information  in  ilieir 
posbcssiuii. 

In  tlioyoLir  1813,  several  small  openings  weru  ijiadc 
in  difrcrcKtj.vcris  oi' (Jie  county,  by  sinking  shalty:  and 
the  coal  la!s(  u  out,  was  vended  to  the  smiths  and 
others  in  ihr- mighboiliood,  at  twenty-five  cent,,  ])cr 
bushel,  or  ilirec  dollars  and  fifty  cents  per  ton,  in  the 
pit'c>nioinli.  'I'liese  shaftG.were  sunk  but  a  I'uw  I'eet, 
in  the  crop  of  llie  v(.:in,  and  the  coal  raised  by  nieans 
of  the  common  windless  and  buckets,  and  so  snoti  as 
they  attained  a  dn|.di  where  the  water  became  ti'iibk- 
some,  (which  ^ddom  exceeded  thirty  feet,)  the  ^hali 
was  abnndoniMl  au'i  another  sunk,  and  the  sanir  (tro- 
cess  un<l('igo!ic. 

fn  the  yuar  i-^'Ji.  an  improvement  was  madem  dn, 
mode  of  woridiii^',  i-y  substituting  horse  powt  i  and 
the  gin,  l(U' the  \/indless  heretofore  used  j  by  v\  bjch 
they  were  eiudied  lo  clear  the  water  from  the  .\iialt^ 
witli  great  fiiCidty,  and  to  sink  farther  on  the  wAm. 
IJut  with  tins,  (as  it  was  then  conceived  grc  ii  iin- 
provemeiil)  (h^  y  were  only  enabled  to  run  down  lik- 
vein  tor  a  shnit  distance;  and  the  coal,  in  point  oi 
comparison,  was  interior;  as  experience  lias  sifjoe 
taught,  that  tli;;  crop  is  not  equal  to  the  coal  thai  is 
taken  oiu  luv.or;  and  when  the  roof  and  ilooi- have 
attained  die  rci^ularity  and  liardness,  iio  neces.s.ay  ui 
uiisiu'e  good  co;d. 

At  the  perioil  alluded  to,  railroads,  were  unkaoivii 
aniongj5t  us,  ami  the  mode  of  trantiporting  was  by 
common  wagons,  ovt-r  roads  at  all  limes  bad,  and 
through  a  ciJiiuiry,  where,  from  its  moimiainous 
character,  llir  iiois,.;  was  able  to  do  but, little,  in  coin- 
parisoii  lo  what  can  bo  done  on  a  plain  and  levoi 
country. 

Y<r  vvilh  idl  these  diificulties,  the.  work  v;as  ooii- 
tinned:  and  the  price  attained,  (owing  to  il.(.  heavy 
expense  of  workmg)  atlbrded  but  a  scanty  pittuncfc 
to  the  men  .3vnployed,  v/,ithout,  in  any  manner,  reim- 
biasiiig   ihuov/nor  of  the  land  for  the  loss  of  th. 


aiSTORS'    OP    SCntJ?LKII.L   COUNTY". 


305 


•rtmber,  exclusive  of  llic  ifupoverishing- of  his  coal 
beds. 

■As  far  back  as  181  l,diUts  had  been,  run  on  ihe 
heads  of  veins,  iu  several  i.laccs,  and  the  coal  broughl 
from  them  in  wheelbanows ;  hue  it  was  not  till  1827, 
that  the  railroad  avus  inlrculuced  into  drifts,  and  from 
tliat  period  to  the  present,  drifts  have  been  the  univer- 
Bal  mode.  ImjM-ovomenls  iiavc  been  making  from 
that  to  the  i)r.sont  li,i;e,  and  it  is  believed  they  havt; 
attained  that  deqrcj  of  ixL'rfeelion,  which  lias  so  lung 
been  desired,  and  Piicli  a^'  !•..  enable  the  miner  to  work 
on  the  best  and  ciieapL.-t  p!;in. 

Tiie  introduelioii  o\  i  lih'.'ads  into  this  county  forma 
anim]iortant  era  in  tiu  hisiory  of  this  district,  and  de- 
serves the  atteniion  oi'  all  wlio  are  engaged,  or  in 
any  manner  interested  in  mining  \  as  by  tlieir  intro- 
duction, those  distant  beds  of  coal,  that,  a  lew  years 
since,  were  believed  to  be  loo  remote  to  aduiit  of  be- 
ing worked,  but.  were  held  as  a  reserve,  for  a  future 
generation  j  and  were  supposed  to  be  luiavailing,  un- 
til all  those  beds  lyiii-;  uu  die  canal  were  exhausted, 
'and  which  are  now  l)i. Might  into  active  use,  and,  tht; 
wholly  region,  foiniitig  a  district,  averagiiig  eighteen 
miles  in  length,  front  oast  to  west;  and  in  breadtli, 
from  north  to  south,  four  iniles,  is  traversed  or  inter- 
sected by  railroaiks,  and  is  rendered  capable  of  beitig 
worked. 

.  Previous  to  the  ereciion  of.  any. of  the  public  rail- 
roads, our  enterprizhig  fellow  citizen,  Abraham  Pott, 
constructed  a  railroad  from  his  mines,  east  of  Port 
Carbon,  to  that  place,  Uiaking  half  a  mile.  This  served 
as  a  model,  and  may  be  tinned  the. beginning,  I'ronii 
which  all  originated. 

.    The    JNIill  Creek   railroail   was 

begun  hi  1829,  and  finished  in  the  ?         .  • 

same  yuar ,  ii  is  a  single  track,  40 

inches,    and   extend.'^' from    Poit 

Ctul  i^i  10  the  Ih'oad  iiiouiitain.  Ii-      '        ■ 


304  n/.STOHV    Of    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY. 

is  now  intended  to  l.r/  a  new  road 
to  iiitersecl.  the  J),>nvillL;  road  at 
the  Broad  niouiuain,  which  can  be 
done  at  a  small  ex[ninbie.  'J'his 
road  runs  liinnieii  tie  coal  region, 
from  cusl  to  v/i'st,  and  cost,  origi- 
nally ^5,000 
'J'ho  1  iler.ils  itnuli.ig  into  it, cost       4,000 


^11,000      !  ! 


The  Schuylkill  Valley  railroad 
was  coiijmci'Ctd  iii  IS^'),  and  iin- 
ished  in  1830.  It  extends  from 
Port  Carbon  tu  Tuscarora,  is  ten 
miles  long,  with  a  donbic  track  of 
40  inches,  and  cost. 

Add  to  whirh,  laterals,  that  in- 
tersect it  in  every  tiirection 

The  Norwegian  and  Mount  Car- 
bon vailroad,  wliich  is  designed  to 
form  a  part  of'  die  Potlsville  and 
Danville  railroad,  was  connnenced 
in  182i),  and  linished  in  1831. 
Abont  one  nnie  above  Pottsville, 
it  branches  and  runs  up  the  east 
and  we;>t  branches  of  the  Norwe- 
gian. For  three  miles  it  is  a  double 
track,  filiy-six  iiiclu'.s  and  a  half, 
built  in  the  m(t.st  sulistantial  man-  ^ 

ner,  and  cost  97,000 

Its  laterals  C(;.-it  about         ,  .  ' ,  3,000 


KjO.uOC 


Tire  next  in  ortier  is  the  Mine 
Hill  and  ScHuyllcill  Haven  rail- 
road, which  extends  from  Schuyl- 
kill Haven,  (o  miles  below  Potts- 
ville,V  to  the  Prriad  ♦nountain,  a 
distance  uf  II  miles,  a'ld  with  the 
'IVest    West    r>nineh    connecling 


I 


lIloTORy    or    SCHT.'i't.KILL   COUNTY.  305 

with  it,  forms  a  liiiC  of  15  miles, 

ai  a 'cost  of  182,000 

To  this  road  tli.Tc  are  several 
miles  of  lateral,  C'.-.^iing  20,000 

— —     -202,000 


The  Liltle  Schm/JkiU  raih-oad, 
extending  from  Poit  Ciiiiiuu  to 
Taniaqua,  a  disKi):ce  of  22  miles, 
touches  but  for  a  small  distance 
on  the  coal  region,  until  it  ap- 
proaches tlie  valley  of  Tamaqua. 

^     The  road  is  at  present  laid  down 

witli  a  single  track,  fifty-six  inches 

and  a  half;  but  as  it  is  not  y^L 

-.     completed,  but  is  designed  for  a 

■  doable  track,  calculaied  for  a  loco- 
motive engine,  it  will  cost,  when 
finished  260,000 

'i'o  which  may  be  added  tlie 
roads  and  laterals  connected  Avith 
mines,  immediately  on  the  line  o( 
the  canal;  which,  at  a  modeiatc 

I    titunate,  cost                                          2,000 
■;■.!  .>  ■ 


!G2,00^ 


Making  a  total  of  railroads,  of  $G5G,000 

■  The  amount  invested  in  lands  and  build- 
ings in  this  county,  is  estimated  at  6,000,000 

Tiie  amount  ex[)ended  in  openirigVeins, 
•fixtnres,  cars,  &lC.,  Lc,  coimecited  \vith 
•mining  200,000 

To  which  may  be  added  500  boats, 
aTCi-aghig  i!^500  each  250,000 


Making    a    total    of    money  invested, 
^amounting  to  iS7,106,000 

Although  mining  v/as  earned  on  here  from  1813, 
it  was  not  until  tlie  canal  was  completed,  that  any 
correct  account  of  Dig  coal  ient,  could  be  obtaiuci- 
T 


30t»  in.<Touy  ok  sciiurLKiLL  county. 

UudtT  lliut  pciiod.  arks  and  river  boats  were  iisi.d ; 
and  till!  ([iiPULitv'  sjiit  down  was  small,  and  Um.  dilFi-     | 
culty  in  selling  was  great  at  uny  price.  ! 

Until  lilt;  year  1620,  wood  was  the  only  fne!  uscJ  | 

in  Plnladel]jliia;   but,  from   the    innnenso    quantity  j 

reqnirtd  to  supply  the  city,  the  forests  in  the  neigh-  i 

bonrhooil   M-ere  la.'^.t  disappearing,  andia  means  t)(  a  | 

inture  sn|;i)ly  laid  for  same  time  occupied  the  alien-  j 

tioii  of  Tlio  ocoiioimst  aiid  philantln-opist.  I 

The  dis(.(;very  of  coal,  in  the  counties  of  I.t/higli      1 
and  Sehi'.ylKiil,  .ijiiujarcd  to   offer  the   long   ipjsired      i 
mode  of  furnishing  a  supply,  when  the  forests  wi;rc      | 
exhausted  ;  ai' I  as  wood  had  attained  even  ;;u  that      1 
date,  a   high  ]uice,   (being  frequently    iVoni    (i;u    te      | 
fifteen  dollar:^  ]ier  cord,  daiing  the  winter,  wjimi  ihc;      | 
navigation  was  clc.*^d,)  a.tid  evpry  year  increasing,      1 
the  introduction  of  coal,  as  a  sulistitute  for  wood,  mms 
attempted  ;  but  it  Ixjing  of  a  quality  unknown  to  mosl 
of  the  citizens,  great  dilliculties  were  to  bp  overc(»me, 
before  it  could  be  introduced  to  any  extept... 

To  acconq.Ji-.li  lliisi  object, it  was  necessary  to  t;oni-  I 

bat  and  remove  old  and  long  established  habits  and  1 

prejudices;  and  tu  satisfy  the  public,  tliat  a  saving  I 

would  be  made.     In  addition  to  the  habits  of  the  | 

people  being  fitted,  all,  the  preparations,  for  cunsu-  | 

niing  fuel  were  made  for  wood,  and  before  coal  could  I 

be  used,  grates  inust  be  substituted  (or  the  open  fire  \ 

places,  ai  a  heavy  expense,  which  was  thought  too  | 

great  to  be  hazarded  lur  an  uncertainty.  1 

It  was  a  loiig  .tnae  befar.e  grates  wer§  brought  tc  1 
that  degree  of  perfection,  sutficient  to  satisfy  thu  pid>  1 
lie  that  Anthracite  coal  could  be  used ;  as  the  oarly  | 
friends  of  the  jvicasure,  in  their  zeal  to,  introdnae  it  ] 
into  general  usG,,held  om,  to  the  public  tfie  idc>,  that 
so  small  a  quantity  was  sullicient  to  answer  f  i  heat- 
ing rooms,  that  many, acting  on  their  suggestion,  had 
tbeir  grale-^  constructed  on  so  small  a  scale,  ihiu  ihey 
•v'<cve  Ipuhc}  totally  inadequate,  for  the  purpose,  and 


inS'J'OJlY    OF    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY.  307 

were  tlirowu  aside  by  many  in  despair,  and  wood 
was  again  resorted  to. 

Tlie  experiiaeiu,  after  repeated  trials,  succeeded ; 
and,  in  1825,  they  were  brought  to  sucli  a  state  as 
to  satisfy  the  public  that  coal,  as  an  article  of  fuel, 
could  bo  used  ■\</ith  safety  and  economy. 

In  addition  to  other  causes  that  operated  against 
the  general  use  uf  .'Inthracite  as  a  fuel,  its  general 
hardness  and  want  of  bitumen,  prevented  its  easy 
ignition,  and  rpquircd  some  practice  to  enabJe  the 
cilii'.ens  to  mak<j  their  fires;  and  it  was  considered 
quite  a  recommendation  for  a  servant,  if  they  were 
able  to  make  coal  fires. 

The  year  lfc:25  may  be  considered  as  the  era  frou. 
which  we  may  date  the  fair  introduction  of  Anthra- 
cite coal ;  as  grates  v/ere  then  brought  to  perfectioj; ; 
and  from  then  to  tlie  present  date,  the  consumption 
lias  gradually  increased.  To  bring  before  the  Asso- 
ciation at  one  view,  the  increase  of  the  trade,  we 
annex  a  statement  cf  coal  shi[iped  from  this  section 
from  the  year  1825  to  the  present  date,  with  tlie  price 
paid  at  this  place. 

per  ton. 


1825, 

6,500 

tons  at 

$3  08 

1826, 

16,767 

do 

2  80 

1827, 

31,360 

do 

2  80 

1828, 

47,284 

do 

2  52 

1829, 

79.973 

do 

2  52 

1830, 

89,984 

do 

2  52 

1831, 

87,854 

do 

1  50 

1832, 

209,271 

do 

2  37 

From  the  foregoing  statement,  it  appears  that  fron:  i 
1825,  the  increase  lias  boon  gradual,  and  at  an  aver 
age  price  of  .11*3,51  per  ten. 

From  documents  in  possession  of  the -Board,  u. 
appears  there  were  sent  to  tide  water  during  the  last, 
season,  from  oil  souices.  373,871  tons,  and. from  the- 
b.est  'nformaiion  we  are  iibb  to  collect,  the  supply  or 


508  H!-:tokv  gf  Schuylkill  countf. 

hand  in  ail  our  cities,  when  the  navigation  open*:,  ^ 

•will  not  exceed  20/JOO  tons,  wliich  wiU  leave  for  die  !r| 

last  year's  consinnption,  353,871  tons.     As  it  is  fair  fe 

to  inter   diat   ihe  increased  consumption  will  keep  m 

pace  with  that  of  former  years,  we  may  put  down  p 

the    demand   for    1833,  at   480,000   tons,  of  which  h 

20,000  are  already  in  market,  leaving  460,000  loi.s  p 

to  he  supplied  from  all  sources.     Of  tliis  quantiry  it  || 
is  possible  the  Lackawana  works  may  be  able  to  I'ur- 
nish  90,000,  and  tliC  l.ehigh  100,000— leaving  tj  be 
supplied  from  this  county,  270,000  tons. 

Agreeal'Iy  to  the  circidar  of  the  Lehigh  Company. 
they  will  bo  alio  to  iarnish,  the  coming  season,  150,- 
000  tons;  l>ut,  ;is  thuy  have  for  some  years  hen  in 
tlie  liabii  o[  e^aimating  their  capabilities  at  100,000, 
which  they  have  ne\er  realized,  and  as  their  nicnn'*; 
of  transportation  will  be  no  greater  next  season  than 
they  were  last,  it  is  believed  100,000,  tons  will  bo  the 
maxinunn  of  ili 'ir  j)roduct.  The  l^ackawana,  from 
tlie  opinion  of  experienced  engineers,  is  able  to  fv.i- 
insh  on  their  present  road,  no  more  than  90,00(i :  ui 
which  amount  Ave  have  rated  them.  | 

Assuming  270,000  tons  as  the  quantity  that  will 

be  required  ftoni  this  region,  the  next  enquiry  i.^,  art  I 

•we  capable  of  frlrni'^hing  that  amount?  and  for  v/liai  | 

price  can  it  be  delivered  in  the  boats.'  j 

It  is  the  opinion  of  the   Board,  that  the  quaniiiy  | 

required  can  be  furnished,  if  the  drifts,  now  in  order  » 

and  about  being  [)ut  in  order,  are  worked  vigoruusly:  ■ 

hut,  should  ])Uichasers  be  backward  hi  giving  tlieir  j 

orders,  that  (piuntity  camiot  be  liad,  as  it  re-^juived  i 

strong  exertions  to  yield  the  cpuuitity  sent  last  .reason,  j 

although  more  than  3u,000  tons  of  that  quantity  was  I 

of  Old  stock  that  iiad  been  mined  the  year  ])!■  viou?;  I 

but,  owing  to  the  depressed  state  of  the  trade,  ar,d  die  • 

consequent  low  price  in  1831,  had  lain  at  tie:  inities.  \ 

until  a  price  .:ould  be  obtained  that  would  .s.v.die  j 

•jwiiers  from  ios^j.  : 


%'. 


I 


I 


t 

II  .  PIIbTOUY    or    SCIfUYLKILL   COUNTY.  309 

,  ,  It  is  believed  iVoui  Ihe  panic  that  pervaded  the 
<1etilers  in  Boston,  Now  Vr.iii;  and  Philadelphia,  that 
the  orders  in  (ho  spring  \^'ill  lie  lindted,  and  thai  l)Ul 
n  §uuill  business  wiii  l)e  d( no  in  the  early  part  of  the 
season.  Should  this  be  the  ease,  the  quantity  mined 
will  fall  far  short  ol'  tliat  JCipiired — as  t'roni  the  na- 
ture and  situatioii  oi'  Jiiany  of  our  openings,  there  is 
not  room  to  stock  up  a  large  quantity — and,  in  con- 
sequence, the  work's  nuist  be  suspended,  or  worked 
weak  handed.  In  either  case  the  operators  will  be 
(breed  to  seek  oilier  *jmi)loynient,  and  become  scat- 
tered over  the  cimntry.,  and  when  vranted  cannot 
be  had. 

It  appears  by  tlie  siat<Mjient  heretofore  given,  that 
the  price  of  co;d  deli\'ero  I  on  board  the  boats,  prior 
to  ISol,  Avas  $2,70  per  ion;  and  that  the  average 
from  the  commencement  of  the  business  was  $2,51. 
i  To  those  at  [\  (hstance  that  sum  may  appear  lai'ge\ 
I  A  slight  acquainiuncL'  widi  the  business  will  satisfy 
I  every  unprejudiced  ujind,  that  it  is  not  more  than 
I  sullicicnt  to  relud)ur:^e  i\w  collier  lor  his  capital  em- 
ployeil.  'I'o  the  uiu  \[)erienceLl  it  liears  the  appear- 
auce  of  a  sale  and  lucrative  business — and,  were 
I  fire-sidc  calculations  to  be  relied  on,  this  assumption 
would  hold  good. 

Hut  to  those  who  have  had'  experience  in  mining, 
and  have  known  the  actual  charges,  the  sum  hereto- 
fore charged  is  kno\'iai  to-  be  no  more  than  a  fail 
profit  on  the  capital-  invested.  Coidd  all  the  vein^ 
opened  be  relied  on,  and  were  there  no  I'aults  to  be 
encountered, coal  would  ullbrd  a  fair  profit  at  S-,00 ; 
but  as  these  are  cases  that  none  have  realized — htU, 
on  the  contrary,  all  veins  are  not  only  liable  to,  but 
'actually  are  troubled  with  them,  it  cannot  be  consid- 
ered as  a  conipensatioii. 

It  is  well  knuv/n  to  ail  of  this  association,  that 
foults  have  occurred  at  times  when  least  expected, 
and  when  every  pvei),ua(ion  was  made  tor  doing  a 
iiiK:*;  business;  and  that  it  is  no  luicornmoii  occiii- 


310  irrsTOK'y   of  schuylkill  county. 

rence  to  meet  ihoni  when  every  appearance  indicii- 
ted  a  fair  and  |)rosperous  issue.  Weeks,  and  some- 
times monllis,  lire  required  to  cut  through  the.M;  iauUs, 
hefore  a  ton  of  coal  can  he  again  taken  Irom  the  vein ; 
and  hreasts  are  ayain  to  he  opened,  shal'ts  sunk  for 
ventikitioii,  ;iiid  a  hong  time  spent  in  preparing.  Be- 
sides all  tliis,  tlie  constant  wear  and  tear  of  v.-agons, 
.fixtures,  !ko.,  forjii  a  series  of  items,  together  M'ith 
numerous  etcetera^  that  cannot  he  taken  into  i rdcu- 
lacion,  urjtil  actual  experience  has  pointed  ilicm  out. 
To  afford  the  collier  a  fair  profit  on  his  inve-  'Diient. 
and  euablo  l)ini  to  keep  his  works  and  lixiav;;s  in 
order,  die  Ifjarff  feel  confident  tliat  nothing  ksj  than 
S2,50  per  ton  :!t  Pi.ltsville  or  Port  Carbon,"and  ^■;2,75 
at  Schuylldil  J  hivai,  will  he  sudicient.  Tlu'  dilTor- 
ence  of  25  o-als  between  Poltsville  and  SclmyDdll 
Haven  is  a  j'air  allowance,  ae  the  increased  flistanc, 
'tliey  are  re(pii -cd  lo  haul  on  the  AVest  hraii'  h  rail- 
road will  re(pi'  c  all  that  sum  ;  and  as  the  dhi'L^Miico 
■in  freighi  and  toll  between  the  places  is  25  cumls  in 
favour  of  Schuylkill  Haven,  the  places, hy  this  diif-r- 
euce,  art  hrou.dil  lo  a  perfect  equality. 

The  hoard  have  seen,  with  astonishment,  the  charg*  | 

of  mono|)i)ly  biought  against  llie  colliers  of  this  region.  \ 

and  the  Ingh  price  of  coal,  in  our  Atlantic  cities,  .atlri'  /| 

huted  t<    the  grasping  spirit  of  colliers  here.     They  ! 

woidd  pa^s  this  uumerited  charge  hy  as  unwtii'iby  oi  | 

notice,  hut  that  the-  accusation  liaving  heen  .so  icaig  | 

made,  and  undenied,  has  induced  a  helief  in  niaiiy  | 

tliat  there  is  foundation  for  it;  and,  under  a  h(;lief  of  \ 

the  truth  of  tliii  aciatsation,  petitions  are  ahout  being  * 

presenied   to   ('ongr(;6s,  praying  them  to  reduce  or  j 

aholish  tlie  duly  on  foreign  coal.     They  hav«.'  sfxn,  | 

with  e^jual  astoni;,l;ment,  that  the  Board  of  Aldi^rrnen  i 

of  the  city  of  New   York,  (under  an  impre.s:.ioD,  as  1 

they  presume,  tliai  the  charges  against  us  arc  found-  J 
cd  in  fact.)  liave  also,  as  a  hody,  petitioned  Nu  a  re- 
peal of  duties. 

A   cnai.'Ae  of  ;jo  irrave  a  nature,  cominL'-  i'rini  so 


inSTUUV    OF    SCirUVLKlLL   COUNTY.  311 

respectable  a  cjource,  requires  from  us  a  firm  denial; 
as  well  us  proof  of  the  uiijustness  of  the  charge.  We 
jiave  already  shouni  that,  with  tiie  exception  of  the 
year  1S:J1,  coal  was  uov(;i-  sold  lower  than  it  was  the 
last  yeiir ;  and  it  is  wi;ll  known  to  all  engaged  in  the 

'trade,  that  liic  [Jiii:.;  ol'  18U1  Wds  far  below  what  the 
,  article  cust.  The  ]iricc  of  tiiat  year  was  not  sidli- 
cient  to  pay  i'ni  (jiu  labor  of  taking  the  coal  from  die 
mine,  and  deiiveriug  it  oii  tfie  landing,  and  the  owner 
received  uotlung  I'or  his  coal. 
■   It  is  a  w(  11  known  fii't,  that  a  ])erch  of  bnildinL 

^toiic,  or  2  1.)  i.  ulijc  ilj<'l,  cosis  in  Philadelphia  from 
$1  to  $1,25.  ]t  is  (jiiarriud  from  the  mines,  two  niilcj' 
frojiithe  city,  irMi'l  i.-  known  u»  be  much  easier  obtained 
thnncoal;  it  docs  not  rc(|Lnrc  onolburth  the  labour. 

•  and  is  of  no  intiin.sjr   vaiiio  :  whereas  a  ton  of  coal, 

*ir  28  cubic  let t,  is  bauhnl  on  an  average  10  miles. 

■and  was  delivered  in  l&'Jl,  for  $1,50,  making  a  dil- 
ference  in  the  cost,  of  i.ot  quite  one-third  of  a  cent 

\per  cubic  foot  more  for  ( oal,  than  ibr  binlding  stone. 
This  I'act  needs  no  t  annient,and  must,  at  first  blush. 

■satisfy  all. 

The  true-cause  oi  coal  costing  more  last  season  at 

'tide  water,  than  of  right  it  shordd  do,  Avas  not  owing 

•to  the  price  at  which  it  was  sold  here,  as  we  believe 
we  have  fuliy  shown  it  was  quite  as  low  as  it  could 
be  adbrded,  bnt  was  owing  to  the  extravagant  freight:^ 

'that  were  paid  for  carrying  it  oir  the  canal. 

The  depressed  suite  of  the  trade  in  1831  discorn- 
aged   the  buildiirg   of  hoats,  and   when   the   canal 

•opened  in  1832,  it  \vas  Ibund  there  were  irot  suili- 

'cient  to  carry  to  niarkei  the  quantity  required.  In 
consecpiencc,  freight  oj'ened  at  ^1,50,  which  was- 
deenretl,  by  tlie  dealers  hei(;,  a  lair  rate;  and  as  it 
paid  a  good  pj'afit  lo  d.c  boatmen,  it  was  believed  it 
would  have  a  beneboiid  ell'ect,  as  all  our  boat-build- 
ers were  ]nit  in  rctjuisilion,  and  there  was  a  fair  prt.'S- 
pect  that  'tlici  e  wordd,  m  a  short  time,  be  a  snlli- 

■  •!  •ngy,  aia].  ibai  wo  ''ould  safely  depend  on  lieigl.ts 


312  JHSTOliY    i»F    SCnuVLKILL  COUNTf. 


i[ba. 


going  no  higher.  This  might  have  been  the 
had  noi  ilio  ciiolci':i  appeared  in  Philadelplna  ;  but, 
so  soon  us  lii'it  scourge  was  known  to  have  niiuJe  iis 
appearance,  the  boatmen  became  alarmed,  and  many 
oi'  them  drew  otf  iheir  boats,  and  the  few  who  con- 
tinued, were  only  induced  to  remain  by  the  in<;ii'asc'd 
wages  they  received.  From  $1.,50,  freight  w.-nt  up 
as  high  as  $3,75  ;  in  the  meantime,  boats  were  being 
built' at  every  yard,  and  it  was  confidently  anticipa- 
ted by  those  who  rre  engaged  in  mining,  and  \vhoh.e 
interest  it  is  tod(liv;er  coal  at  the  cheapest  )K)s^ible 
rale,  that,  aj;  soon  a.:;  the  alarm  should  subside,  biiii-  j 
iiess  would  resume  its  usual  course,  and  that  \':cm\\l  | 
would  come  down  to  a  fair  standard.  But  tli.;  pan-  | 
tial  stop  put  to  shipping,  and  the  conseciucnl  small  j 
shipmcnis,  caiv.ud  pnrchasers  to  instruct  theii'  igcnt],  I 
(many  of  whom  have  no  interest  farther  thru  tiio  | 
couimissiou  tlicy  receive,)  to  forw.ard,  as  fast  as  \>os-  I 
sible — in  consoiiuciice,  a  oompetition  took  place  lie-  j 
tweeu  the  agents,  of  who  should  do  the  most.  'J'ht  | 
boatmen  took  advantage  of  the  contention,  aiui  ;'!  | 
hopes  of  rcdncmg  freight  to  a  fair  standard,  wtc'.  dis-  J 
sipated.  In  coirse(|uence.  of  this,  au  average  of  ir'i  j 
was  paid  for  ireight,  more  than  should  have  been  ;j 
done,  and  that  sum  was  added  to  the  cost  of  ei);il  ai  ii 
tide  water.  It  is  bidieved  by  your  Board,  thai  ll-.tre  { 
will  be  a  sulticijut  number  of  boats  on  the  line,  at  rlio  I 
commencement  of  the  coming  season,  to  carry  all  the  - 
qoal  that  may  be  required,  and  that  freight  may  be  j 
had,  the  season  tiirough,  at  $1,50,  provided  ibat  j 
agents  of  houses  ui  our  cities  be  instructed  not  to  | 
raise  on  each  other.  ^ 

As  a  great  portion  of  the  evil  may  be  traced  lo  die  ^ 

unlimited  orders  given  to  agents,  we  would  soggest  ^ 

die  propriety  of  eacii  member  advising  their  custom-  ( 

ers,  m  select  from  amongst  our  citizens,  a  conaiiiltee,  ^ 

who  sliall  serve  as  advisers  for  agents  in  all  eases;  , 

fiiul  it  is  boUeved  an  arrangement  may  be  made,  tiiat  ] 

i/id  iasuie  a  fai;  i^rice  to  the  boatmen,  and,  at  ih'.  1 


HISTORY    OF    SCirUYLKILL   COUNTY.  313 

wime   time,  save    lln;   dibLmt   purchasers  from  ex 
wrtion. 

From  iiifoniiatiua  ilenvcdfrom  sources  th^t  may 
be  relied  on,  wo  ibol  Av^rruuted  in  saying  there  will 
be  600  boats  on  the  canal,  at  the  opening  of  the  sea- 
son, and  as  the  a\^erago  burtheu.last  year  was  neax 
35  tons,  and  embraced  a  largo  number  of  "  Union 
Boats,"  and  as  all  the  new  boats  are  of  45  tons  and 
over,  it  will  be  safe  to  :'.verage  the  boats  for  next  sea- 
son at  38  tons,  mahiug  a  tonnage  amounting  to 
22,800.  Allowui.^  l!i  trips  for  the  year,  they  will  be 
abie  to  transport  ".iiit^^OO;  but,  as  a  portion  of  tlu; 
boats  will  be  used  for  iransporthig  other  articles  than 
coal,  it  will  be  sale  to  '-liniLite  at  270,000  tons  lor 
coal,  Avdiich  is  the  auiouni  that  will  be  reciuired,  and 
|.  ;  as  we  may  conclude  $1,50  as  the  highest  freight,  the 
f,  \.    cost  of  a  ton  of  coal,  di^livered  at  tide  water  will  be  : 

■  Delivered  in  the  boris  a  I  Fort  Carbon,       $2  50 

.     Toll  on  the  canal,  •  1   ^'^ 

;  Freight  to  rinladel^dua,  I   50 

<<■•:.■  S5  00 

At  which  price  it  will  be  the  cheapest  fuel  that 
can  be  used,  and  belaw  which  it  will  be  impossi- 
ble to  deliver  it,  with  any  i)rospect  of  profit  to  the 

•  collier. 

It  has  been  urged  on  the  public  that  if  the  present 
duty  is  taken  otf,  coals  may  be  imported  from  Eng- 
land, and  sold  at  prices  b^low  what  they  are  now 
gelling  for.  To  those  engaged  in  mining  antbracito 
coal,  it  is  of  little  consequence  whether  there  is  any 
duty  on  the  article  or  not,  as  it  is  confidently  believed 
by  your  board,  lliat  the  superiority  of  our  article  lur 
domestic  purposes,  ns  well  as  for  generating  steam,  ih 
40  great  over  bituminous,  that  it  can  never  be  brongh:; 
to  compete  with  it,  even  if  sold  at  a  lower  price;  as  ;i 
must  be  cvideat  to  all,  that  those  who  have  oncp 
H.srd  anthracito,  will  nover  willingly  abandon  iL.l.a 


314  HlsrOP.f    OF    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY.  f|.« 

biluminous.     jVlh  cs  there  are  large  beds  of  liiiuiuiii-  ^ 

oils  coal  in  tlii-3  hlate,  as  well  as  in  Viruiui;i,  tliui  fi 

might  be  aliuctcd  by  a  reduction  of  duties,  it  may  be  '^ 

'well  to  exjiiuiiie  mlothe  truth  of  the  assertion  M 

It  is  w.'il  l;ii()\vu  to  ail  mercantile  men,  tl.oi  il:r  S 
principal  jian,  if  not  all  the  coals  brought  Iron'  Iilng-  « 
land,  are  brought   as  ballast;  and  if  the  shi]u»\vnei    i 

•can  reidize  cost  I'oi  the  article,  he  is  satisfied  tu  luso  § 
the  froigbt  and  charges,  as,  I'roin  the  nature  of  ihe  | 
articles  brought  from  l^lngland,  ho  is  comjuiltd  tr 

■  take  coal  or  s;.h:!;s  iiallost,or  purchase  stone  oi  oaidi, 
which  is  utterly  u-^ck-is  when  brought  to  this  (  juhIi/, 
But  admit  fu-  <i  moment  that  the  whole  country  is  li 

"be  sup[>!iud  Iloiu  !:'iigluiid,  it  must  be  eVid.ait  dial  a 
large  liimilK/i  of  vessels  will  be  employed,  :.i.il  if  :. 
fair  freight  is  ))aid,  so  far  from  reducing  tlu'  ;ii'iicio, 
it  will  eidianc;  tin  price,  exclusive  of  rendering  it  at 
all  times  a  liu<:uuilmg  article. 

■In  the  year  18:j{),  a  committee  was  a])poinl>'U  iV<  h: 
both  brancbi  ^  of  ilic  Hritish  Parliament,  to  (■vaiKim 

•into  the  .state  ii'tln;  coal  trade,  and  report,  'ria'  (;im:i- 
mittee  was  aj'poinlt'd  on  the  petition  of  the.  cil)>a  ho  ■.) 
a  district,  who  considered  themsolves  agricvci  hy 
a  tax  or  charge  on  coal,  to  the  extent  of  less  tbnn  wiio 
cent  per  bui^Lcl  ;  but  with  that  prudent  foresiglit  tlial 
has  always  ciiaracterized  that  island  of  merchants, 

-they  exaininc'i,  with  minute  care,  into  every  liraiich 
of  that  important  irade,  and  after  an  investigaliua  ol 
near  foiu'  months,  the  committee  of  each  bran  1.  p-.e- 
sented  a  report;  which  comprises  390  quartu  J'.ue.s,     | 

•and  were  of  upinion  no  alteration  should  be  made,  i 
whicli  o[)inioii  wa-;  adopted.  2 

We  find,  by  rderring  to  that  report,  that  tl.c  prjcK  ? 
of  coal  ot  New-Ca;>tio-upon-'J'yue,  in  1829,  was  ^3,10  ] 
per  ciialdron,  transporting  from  New  Castl-  lo  hon- 
don,  ^2,40,  and  delivairing  from  the  vussli-:  [o  iliC 
.purclifisers,  $'3.,05 — and,  that  with  all  charg.:S  ;ulacd 
it  co^t  the  ^jonsunicr  in  London,  in  the  year  Ih-'?'.),  fov 


IlISTOnY   OF    5CI1LVLKILL    COUNTF.  315 

«one  chaldron  delivered  in  his  cellar,  J5ll,25,  equal  to 
;?10,3'2l  per  ton.  To  tran.siJort  the  supply  of  London 
ifrom  New  Castle,  it  rctpiired  7021  vessels. 

From  the  foregoiiit,^,  which  from  its  Ihgli  official 
'■character  may  he  relied  on,  it  is  evident,  that  no  reduc- 
tion hi  price  can  he  cxpe'led  from  a  reduction  of 
duties,  or  a  i'rea  tiiide. 

'  ■  The  British  governmeni  lias,  for  many  years, 
looked  to  the  coal  trade,  as  a  linitful  source  for  sea- 
men, audit  has  v/iih  truth,  been  CLilled  the  nursery  of 
'their  navy;  that  eiliciDit  arm  of  the  nation.  We 
may,  from  the  gradual,  hui  sure  increase  of  coastiui-, 
■vessels  employed  in  tiunsiu/rting  our  product  to  the 
■eastern  states,  look  \\'iil)  etjiud  certainty  to  this  branch 
of  trade,  for  a  sure  tapply  of  our  hardy  seamen, 
Avhen  their  country  may  ie(|uire  their  aid, 

! ';•  Your  board  could^  ]>y  v;oing  into  detail,  adduce 
•proof  suliicient  tosati-^ly  ih  m  most  inveterate  advocatt* 
of  free  trade,  that  it  is  cuniiary  to  the  interest  of  the 
nation,  or  of  tlu  iiidi\  Iduals  composing  it,  to  reduce 
the  duty  on  coal, out  tl.  y  d.  em  the  ibiegoiiig  sullieient 
to  satisfy  all,  v/ho  ar  •  not,  from  interested  motives, 
wedded  to  the  principle  of  free  trade,  and  should  not 
have  deemed  it  necessary  to  have  said  any  thing  on 
the  subject,  bui  from  die  respectable  character  of  the 
association,  who  now  stand  most  prominent  as  appli- 
'cants  for  a  repeal. 

With  a  district  of  country  embracing  all  the  variety 
-of  anthracite  co;d — with  u  elass  of  individuals  of  the 
■■most  i^ersevering  industry — we  may  fairly  challenge  a 
competition  with  the  world.  Here,  the  city  dealer  may 
be  supplied  with  any  article  to  suit  the  taste  oi 
■opinions  of  his  custo'fU:is.  He  may  have  it  of  all 
degrees  of  hanliies.s,  and  lujin  the  pure  white,  to  tlve 
bright  red  a.sh.,  and  of  a  [^luity,  surpassed  by  none  ir 
the  ui-iverso. 

Widiin  the  1;'^/.  tv/o  yeai.-^,  the  business  has  settloo 
•  do'.vii  lo  a  kdr  taid  regular  trade,  and  the  caie  be 


316  afSTOllY    OP    SCHCTtKILL   COUNT'S. 

Stowed  in  clc>ai-iiig  the  coal  trom  slate  and  oiLer  iir.: 
purities  1ms  increased,  and  Schuyllvill  coal  i.s  ileserv 
e<ny  esteemed  aljove  all  other,  and  will,  at  all  timc-i 
command  $1,00  per  ton  more  than  any  other  m  ilni 
eastern  marl;-t. 

'Vc  )Hc.^!;r\  e  the  high  character  we  liave  (l.iaincLl, 
ihe  heard  earne.stly  enjoin  it  on  the  as3e)cialioii  not  t'; 
re-lax  in  tiicir  eiuloavors,  but  to  continue  their  exer-  J 
lions,  10  add  :-till  larther  to  tlie  character  of  ui;r  staple: 
and  by  close  attention  to  the  interests  of  tho.^e  vrlr. 
confide  ill  tl,'em,  lo  merit  and  retain  a  characie:  ihoi 
will  warrant  die  loreign  dealer  in  placiiig  ceiiiidi'iif^ 
iu  them. 

As  the  exi'cnlive  of  the  association,  the  Ix-aid  jioiii  •: 
themscjves  iMupared,  at  all  times,  to  render  all  ll'.-  ail 
aird  as.dstaiic_;  in  their  power,  and  it  will  air.,.il  theiii 
pleasure,  if  iliu  experience  they  have  had  in  tniniiig, 
can  he  rendered  serviceable  to  any  naembei  of  the 
assoeiaiion,  (.f  any  person,  in  any  manner  hUercstcl 
in  the  trade. 


lilSTORY    OF    SCHUiLKILL  COUNTIT. 


Sit 


r  ^-v 


REPORT    OF    1845. 


■.The  period  has  ymw  arrived  wlien  it  becomes  tire 
iluty  of  the  Jkjavd  ul"  Tr.idi;  to  yiibniit  to  the  Coa] 
Aliaing  Association,  ilicir  aiiiiiuil  Keport. 
:-.  In  the  perlbrrnance  of  tliis  duty,  they  Avill  briRg 
into  review  the  coal  operations  of  the  past  year,  thu 
ttinproveijients  immediately  connected  with  the  busi- 
ness, as  well-as  those  in  progress  and  in  expectation  ; 
and  also  the  routes  of  transportation  to  tide  water. 

Tlie  amount  of  anthracite  coal  sunt  from  the  mining 
<listricts,  during  the  year  ending  on  the  first  inst.,  will 
"le  seen  by  the  following  taljle  : 


I'loin  .'•i 

■/it 

'/// 

•ill. 

By  canal 
••    Phila.  and  Reading 

R. 

R. 

398,443 
441,491 

839,934 
377,8-^1 
251,005 
114,906 
34,916 
1 3,067 

From  Lehigh 
""     Lackawana 
'•      Wilkcsbarre 
"      Pine  Grove 
"'      Shamokin 

Adding  remaining  on  hajid  first  of  April 
last 


1, 0-31, 669 
50,000 


1,(J81,G<59 


1    Deduct  arnonnt  sent  uy  lailruajfrom  Jan. 

1,  to  April  ].  '  52,240 

1, 029,4  2  y 


BIS  HlSTOr.Y    OP    SCHUYLKILL  COUNTY. 

ill  making  up  the  above  table  in  the  usual  ivuvniier 
jiicludiiig  in  ihe  iirst  place,  all  the  coal  sent  dowii 
i'rom  JanuHiy  to  Jannaiy,  and  adding  the  anio;mt  oi. 
hand  on  iho  1st  of  iVi>ril,  it  then  becomes  necessary  to 
deduct  the  quantity  sent  I ly  railroad  from  Jaminry  1st 
to  April  Isl,  in  o'der  to  show  the  correct  an.ouni  ii;  | 
the  mainft. 

The  fc.ll.u/ing  table  exhibits  the  quantity  of  co;.. 
mux.  fi'oni  all  the  anthracite  coal  basins  of  I'cur.syl- 
-vania,  since  the  commencement  of  the  trade  ;  rogediei 
with  the  annual  increased  supply,  consumpiion,  and 
quantity  rem;iiiiing  unsold,  and  also  that  di.  [»os(  d  ci 
m  the  line,  of  oiu'  canal  and  railroad. 


H,ISTOU¥.  0;^.  SCHp'YLKILL   COUNTY. 


31! 


A    TABLE 


Exhihitini^  the.  ,/uaniilij  of  Coal  sent  from  all  the 
Anthracite  i^oal  JUt';iiis  of  Pennsyluania  since 
the  vonii)ieucc»ival  cf  the  trade,  \c.  Sf-c. 


SCIIUYLKIL]-. 

1 

LEHIGH. 

YEARS, 

CANAL. 

TPTAL. 

TOTAL. 

1820 

365 

1921 

1,073 

1823 

2,240 

1823 

5,823 

1824 

9,541 

1825 

6,500 

6,500 

28,393 

182G 

10,707 

16,707 

31,280 

1827 

31,300 

3 1, 3(H) 

32,074 

1828 

47,281 

47,284 

30,232 

182'J 

70,973 

79,973 

25,110 

1830 

89,984 

89,984 

41,750 

1831 

81,^54 

81,854 

40,966 

1832 

209,271 

209,271 

70,0(»0 

1833 

252,97) 

252,971 

123,000 

1834 

226,092 

220,692 

106,244 

1835 

339,508 

339,508 

131,250 

183() 

432,04  5 

432,045 

146,522 

1837 

523,152 

523,152 

225,937 

1838 

433,875 

433,675 

214,211 

183i> 

442,()08| 

442,008 

221,850 

1840 

452,291 

452,291 

225,288 

1841 

584,092 

584,692 

142,821 

1842 

491,602         49,2110 

540,892 

272,129 

1843 

417,058       230,237 

677,295 

267,734 

1844 

398,443       441,49i 

839,934 

377,821 

5.r.87,93o[     72L01cir   G,308,94t 

\        2,773,65. 

\ 


360 


lIIbTOnY    OF    SCHUYLKILL  COUNTY. 


TABLE    CONTINUED, 


OTHER  REGIONS. 


VISE 

SHAMO- 

WILKES- 

ACCRE- 

ViARS. 

.a::ka\v'aNa. 

UKOVE. 

KIN. 

uaRIie. 

v.ATj;, 

1820 

305 

'1821 

]  ,078 

'1822 

2.210 

1823 

5,823 

1821 

9,511 

1825 

34,803 

1820 

■J  8,0  17 

1827 

63,131 

1828 

77,516 

1821) 

7,000 

112,063 

1830 

43,000 

174,734 

1831 

51,000 

170,820 

1832 

bl.O(U) 

303,871 

1838 

1 1 1 ,777 

487,748 

1834 

13,700 

370,836 

1835 

90,000 

500,75S 

1836 

103,801 

082,123 

1837 

115,387 

17,000 

881,470 

1838 

78,207 

13,000 

739,293 

1830 

122,300 

20,039 

11,930 

819,327 

1840 

1  18, 171) 

23,800 

15,505 

805,411 

1811 

192, ■-•no 

17,053 

21,403 

953,399 

1812 

205,253 

32,381 

10,000 

47,340 

1.1  (.8,001 

1813 

227,605 

22,905 

10,000 

58,000 

1,203,539 

18  11 

251,005 

34,910 

13,087 

114,900 

1,031,GG0 

1,678,435 

1  182,354 

81,985 

220,252 

nn5028 

^nSTORY    OP    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY.  32i 


TABLE    CONCLUDED. 


INCRLAfc'i;,    (JONSI.'.\trTION,  &c. 


i>  - — — 

p 

VWUAL 

Cl)NHI!:,.P- 

TINriOI.U 

SOLD     ON 

i  VEAK3. 

1N(  Kb;,\.tfE. 

ii'->.; 

Ai'Kir.   1. 

CAN  A  I,    AND 

.  _ 

RAIL    KOAD. 

f.   1820 

1    1821 

708 

1    1S22 

1,107 

!   18i!3 

3,583 

1  1821 
fr  1825 

3,718 

25,352 

[  1820 

13,154 

3,154 

1  1827 

15,837 

3,372 

1  "1828 

14,082 

3,332 

1829 

34,507 

5,321 

;   1830 

02,051 

0,150 

1831 

2,080 

177,st00 

10,048 

1832 

■187,051 

298, .871 

none. 

13,429 

1833 

123,877 

431.980 

V' 5,000 

19,429 

1834 

UECUKASH. 

415.180 

117,702 

18,571 

1835 

184,122 

035,;135 

79,212 

17,803 

,  1830 

121,070 

032-128 

4,035 

21,749 

1837 

190,046 

080,411 

54,035 

28,775 

1838 

DK(;i!J;At-i;. 

788,908 

255,070 

30,390 

183i) 

80,031 

807,000 

205,395 

28,924 

1840 

40,Ofc7 

973,130 

157,022 

41,223 

I    1841 

93.485 

953,899 

100,000 

40,384 

1842 

i  19,)il2 

1,158.001 

100,000 

31,019 

1813 

15  5, 5  3b 

1,203,539 

50,000 

iO,000 

:    1844 

?(i8,130 

50,000 

90,000 

IJ 

322  aisi'oRV  op  Schuylkill  county. 


TliCio  nppcai:^  to  be  90,000  tons  of  coal  cli.stil.ntL...  j 
along  the  line  o(  our  canal  and  railroad;  nd  Ironi  | 
Wilki'sburrc,  Pincgrove  and  vShamokin,thLTL  npj.oaiv  ^ 
to  have  been  about  70,000  tons  disposed  of  on  jIk;  litic-:  j 
of  canal  [hrough  whicli  the  coal  passes.  And  iV.an  tlit 
most  reliable  accounts  that  we  can  get  poss>:asi(>u  oi, 
we  believe  the  quantity  sold  on  the  lines  of  irausu 
from  the  Lehigh  and  Laclcawana  mines,  may  be  sot 
down  at  90.000  tons,  which  will  make  a  gross  amouuii 
of  250,000  tons  sold  on  the  lines  of  transportation  j 
leaving  l,381,0ti;)  tons  of  anthracite  coal,  that  Vv' as 
sent  the  past  year  to  the  terminations  of  the  canals 
and  railroad  over  which  it  was  transported,  there  to 
be  consun(  d  or  shipped  to  other  pouits. 

The  amoiiiit  ..I'coal  sent  from  this  regioii  ihc  pas.  ^ 
year  in  boats,  through  the  Schuylkill,  and  Delaware  | 
and   Karitan  canals,  direct  to  , the  city  of  New    York* 
and  it;,  vicinity,  appears  to  be  111,521  tons,  which  is 
8,451   tons. less  than  in  the  year  1843,  and  is  owing 
to  the  large  iunount  carried  liy  railroad  to  Richmond 
thence  tbr....-h  the   Delaware  and  liaritan  canal  tr. 
New  York. 

Tiie  number  of  steam  engines  and  amouiu  c. 
macliinery  ai  the  collieries,  is  steadily  and  ra]>idly  m- 
creasii:-i,  aid  wr  now  have  twenty-two  colhcrics  un- 
der w.ifer  kn'cl,  at  which  there  are  erected  twenty- 
eight  engines  lb?:  raising  the  coal  and  draining  the 
mines,  the  ai^grcjato  power  of  them  being  equal  tc 
1,100  horsesT  And  there  has-been  erected  w  ithin  tht. 
past  year  thirteen  smaller  engines,  equ^l  to  178  horsu 
power,  for  breaking  coal ;  makhjg  the  whole  mmibe! 
of  engine;,  in  tlu;  region,  employed  in  pumiMng,  a]id 
ill  raising  an.l  breaking  coal,  forty-one,  with  an  iig- 
gregate  pov/cr  of  1;278  hojses. 

la  addiiiun  to  the  forty-one  engines  employca 
about  the  mincLr  tliere  are  fifteen  others,  rated  l&G 
horse  power,  eUif>loyed  in  other  busnr  is  in  the 
covinty,  making  a  total  of  fifty-sjx  steam  engines,  w\[Y 


iiisrour  OP  schuylkill  county,  323 


an  aggregate  power  ol"  1,464  horses,  employed  in  the 
coiimy  ;  all  ol'  which,  excepting  four,  have  been  built 
by  our  own  machinists,  and  these  machinists  have 
now  fifteen  engines  in  the  course  of  construction  for 
our  region. 

The  iniroducLion  into  this  county  within  the  past 
year  of  machinery  for  breaking  coal,  may  justly  be 
considered  as  an  acquisition  of  vast  importance  to  the 
already  extensive  means  and  appliances  for  econo- 
mising manual  labor. 

The  machine  in  general  use  was  invented  by 
Messrs.  J.  &  S.  ]jattin,  of  Philadelpliia,  and  was  first 
gut  up  in  their  cnal  yard  in  that  city  about  a  yeai 
ago. 

^^  :  The  first  in  this  county  was^erected  by  Mr.  Gideon 
IJ*  '  Bast,  on  Wolf  creek,  near  Minersville,  and  since  that 
'*j     time  they  have  been  put  u[»  in  various  places,  and  are 

found  to  answer  the  fondest  hopes  of  the  inventor, 
-«-|,   'and  meet  most  fully  tlie  wishes  of  the  coal  operators, 

inpeifurming  tho  work  at  a  very  reduced  cost  and 

less  wastu  of  the  coal. 

This  machinery,  whh  the  circular  screens  attached, 
and  driven  by  a  twelve  horse  engine,  is  capable  of 
breaking  and  screening  200  tons  of  coal  per  day, 
which  is  fully  equal  to  the  work  of  from  forty  to  fifty 
men. 

Port  Carbon  is  now  connected  with  the  railroad  to 
Philadelphia,  through  the  Mount  Carbon  and  Port 
Carbon  railroad,  which  was  opened  on  the  1st  of 
December  last,  by  tlie  unyiulding  perseverance  of  the 
engineers  who  were  actively  engaged  in  urging  the 
work  to  its  completion  wiihin  the  time  required  by 
the  charter. 

The    Schuylkill  Valley  r^^avigation  and  Railroad 
Company,  jiave  a  large  ibrce  enjployed  under  A.  W 
Graven,  engineer,  in  straightening  and  grading  thr; 
V     roiit'  Ibi  laying  down  a  new  road  from  the  termiiiou):: 


324  HISTORY    OP    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY- 

of  the  ]\iouni  CarljGii  and  Port  Carbon  railroaa  at 

Port  CuiIk))!,  (o  Tusearora,  a  distance  of  nine  niiles.  ^.^ 

This  road  is  to  1)C  laid  with  heavy  iron  rails,  and  ol  || 

tlie  same  width  as  the  i)rincij)al  roads  in  the  United  |^ 

States,  whieii  is  ibur  feet  eight  inches  and  a  half  he-  |^| 

tween  the  )'aii.'?,and  ii  is  cx])ected  to  be  e<]aal  to  any  >,* 

road  in  the  coin.tiy.  M 

h 

Judging  frorii  die  lorward  state  o(    tlie -w^ofk.  liiid  fi 

tlie  dcterniincd  enei.';y  ui  tlie  men  who  are  inlur*  sied  p 

in  it,  there  cnn  f-i'  liiile  or  no  ilonbl  of  its  being  ready  j^ 

for  the  transport. aioii  of  coal  by  the  1st  of  May  next:  ^l 

and  a  part  of  ii  wdi  I'roljahly  be  in  use  beldji    ili-u  U 

time.  M 

The  W(jric  f,r  gr..:liiig,  and  relaying  the  JMiH  Cicl-k 
and  Mine  IliK  i-aih-./ati,  Avith  a  wide  tj-ack,  and  )ioi! 
rail,  and  (■onn"'Jnig  it  with  the  Mount  Carboji  and 
Port  Carbon  i\<  id,  has  also  been  commenced,  Avith 
the  intention  of  having  it  ready  early  in  the  eoiuing 
season. 

A  bridge  i.s  m  jirogress  of  constrnclion  ai  I':  .; 
(Jlinton,  that  will  c(jnncct  the  Jdllle  Schnylkill  r.oiri.',!! 
with  the  IMiilailelphia  and  Poltsville  railroad,  :i\'i[  ]■.• 
less  than  six  mimtlis  from  this  time,  Ave  shall  oLsj  dW 
the  raihocids  of  the  coal  region,  ibat  dischartif  Th'jiv 
immense  ireicht  thiongh  the  valley  of  the  Si.lmvllcill 
connecteci  widi  llio  main  aitcjy,  llial  lead^^  to  die  U<\i: 
waters  ol'  tin;  i)(dav\'are  Kiver  at  iiichnioiul. 

The  railroa.d  to  Plnladelphia  luis  been  in  snnidv 
and  successfnl  o[»cration  dnrijig  the  past  year ;' and 
iu  October  las^  \\u',  laying  down  of  th(3  second  Irai.k 
was  corjipletrd,  pri  senting  now  two  tr;icks  >■■{  iru;. 
rails  tlivoiightont  ;'iie  whole  distance  ot'  nnn-iy-fonr 
miles,  whioli  is  not  to  be  seen  on  any  oth^-r  -oad  in 
this  coimivy. 

Tbu  hue  impiovement  iti  the  con8tructi(jn  id  b>r.o- 
niotive  engines^  by  winch  they  are  enabled  lo  drav 
two  or  three  times  as  nmch  as  formerly,  is  c  dcalnuji 


fk  . 


HISTORY    OF    SCllUVLKILL   COUNTY.  325 

to  cheapen  ilie  co>t  ft  irai;;.portation  on  railroads  to 
an  extoiit  t!iat  low^  if  iuiy,  ot'  us  had  ever  imagiueil. 

■'The  im])rovei)i(:ijl.s  by  Ijuldwhi  &  Whitney,  in  eon- 
iiectiny  ^ix  ^vllC(•l:^.  ;iiui  u.-iliy  ihcm  all  as  drivers, 
with  the  \'/eiL^lii  (n'  i\v.:.  oji.^ine  bearing  equally  on 
them,  has  incii-;iM:Ll  liic  jDwer  of  the  engine  im- 
mensely, a.s  \v\\.^  <:lc.iiiy  siii.wn  by  a  trial  in  October 
last,  when  75Ci  Ions  of  cu;.t  was  drawn  hy  one  of 
these  engines,  i.iid  luiic;  Ihat  time,  they  have  been 
making  regular  trij  ,j  w'wh  from  4  to  500  tons. 

Tiio.'iO  engagi::.l  ju  )jiuju;g  and  transporting  coal, 
have  preferred  ibe  raiboad  to  tlie  canal,  at  the  rates 
charged  upon  each;  ,\ii  I  ib^;  advantages  hy  railroad, 
were  considered  s(i  fai  ■  ui^aior  to  iJiose  by  canal, 
tiiat  the  cars  on  ilio  ii-.-.d  wcr(;  in  eonstant  demand, 
while  the  boats  were  lyiuu:  at  oin-  wharves  waiting 
for  cargoes;  and  wltc  piiiiripally  loaded  at  Port 
Carbon,  from  whence  tlie  coid  could  not  be  sent  in 
any  other  Av^ay  llhiu  by  canul. 

lint  the  ipiiol  of  llii'  btj;iis  has  heon  surjiassed  by 
the  inortnoss  of  ibo  uinal  company  for  some  time 
past,  Ijy  which  ilu;y  ai\:  liki^ly  to  lose  a  large  part  of 
the  coal  trade  for  a  time  ;  at  least  until  they  improve 
the  canal,  and  put  it  in  a  condition  to  adnrit  of  trans- 
portation on  it  being  diuio  as  cheaply  as  on  the  rail- 
road. 

We  believe  the  canal  company  liave  come  to  the 
same  cijnclnsion;  and  fjarn  that  they  have  decided 
on  making  the  canal  sntlieiontly  large  to  pass  boats 
carrying  from  150  to  200  ions ;  and  further,  that  some 
individuals  are  so  tliorongbly  convinced  of  the  advan- 
tages of  steam  pi>wer  on  canals,  that  (bey  have  de- 
termined u])on  trying  it  ibe  coming  season. 

We  are  inily  saiisfted  diuc  ihe  enlai'gement  of  the 
eanal  and  ib.:  application  el  steam,  is  the  true  and 
undou])ted  ]jlan  for  cluiap'iunig  the  transportation  on 
&his  frc  oi  inipiov..-ment,  and  in  perusing  the  repoii, 


326               lllifOIiy    OP    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY.  ^ 

of  the   president  oT  that  company,  we  have  Ijlch  g 

much  gratified  wiiIi  the  clear  business  style  of  tlie  w 

document,  and  the  ability  with  which  these  advantii-  |' 

ges  are  set  Ibrlh.  ^ 

When  such  a  navigation  is  completed,  that  boats;  |s 

or  vessels  carrying  iVom  150  to  200  tons,  can  load  at  f| 

our  wharves,  and  proceed  directly  to  New  York  and  1^ 

other  distant  ports  widiout  transhipment  of  tlie  coal,  || 

and  be  propelled  by  steam,  we  think  the  cost  of  trans-  jp 

porting  must  be  rednced  to  one-half,  or  perhaps,  one-  % 

third  of  ihb  cost  in  [hi  present  boats  drawn  by  bcrscs,  |i 

When  this  eniaigement  of  the  canal  is  comijloted,  M 

we  shall  have  a  line  of  canal  and  a  railroad,  extend-  % 

ing  from  this  place  lo  tide  water,  not  surpassed  by  |i| 

any  in  the  countiyj  but  it  must  necessarily  re 'niro  «^ 

some  time  to  place  the  canal  in  this  position  ;  and  in  t 

the  meantime  the  loiaiage  of  the  valley  of  the  Scluiyl-  ^ 

kill,  which  in  the  past  year  exceeded   1,000,000  o[  I 

tons,  will  be  steadily  increasing,  and  in  a  very  I'r.w  f 

years  will  number  2,000,000  tons  of  coal  and   .^  r-  >■ 

chandize,  i? 


Thus  it  does  ;ippear  that  the  large  amount  of  c:i}'i- 


tal  expended  on  the  canal  and  boats,  railroad  and  t 

cars,  is  intended  to  meet  tlie  requirements  of  a  tmsi-  * 

ness  already  very  large,  and  which  will,  in  all  hu-  ^, 

man  probability,  be  suthcienl  in  a  lew  years,  to  give  f 

active  and  profitable  employment  to  tlie  millions  of  ;  : 

dollars  expended  lor  its  accomniodati(»n,  |; 

Five  years  since,  the  manufacturing  of  good  iron  V 

with  anthracite  coal,  was  believed  and  asserted  by  | ; 

some  to  be  practicable,  doubted  by  many,  and  posi-  h 

lively  denied  by  a  majority  of  the  iron  masters  ol  '^ 

this  State.     And  iiox^-- tliere  are  13  blast  furna<  es  in  .■- 

operation,  using  tbis  fuel,  and  ])roducing  the    best  t 

(piality  of  fonndry  miital.     The  furnaces  are  i.T  dif-  ^  '■, 

ferent  dimensions,  ])roducing  from   30  to    loo   ions  .j  ; 

each,  of  meiai  per  w^eek,  and  making  in  the  aygre-  '  '' 

gate  ab.'UL  70u  lon-i  per  v/eek.     These   13  funiacos  r 


,  I; 


^  HISTOilY    OF    SCiUIYLKILL   COUNTY.  327 

cannot  consunie  jless  than  70,000  tons  of  coal  per 
anmuu;  and  the  additional  nmnber  that  is  expected 
will  be  put  into  operation  within  a  year,  will  increase 
the  consumplion  of  coal  lo  at  least  100,000  tons  per 
annum  for  this  purpose  only. 

f  Another  means  of  coi!sinning  a  large  quantity  of 
our  coal  is,  in  its-  application  on  boats  and  vessely, 
traversing  canjls  and  rivers  and  also  the  ocean. 

,  Tliere  are  now  ihiny-five  steam  boats  and  vessels 
plying  from  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  to  different  points 
an  tl)i;  Delaware  audits  Iribntarics, and  to  New  York, 
which  consume  annually  about  45,000  tons  of  anthra- 
cite coal. 

From  the  best  iiifcrruiaion  we  can  get,  the  steam, 
boats  and  vessels  running  from  the  city  of  New  York 
in  various  directions,  eonsinne  annually  considerably 
more  tiian  100,000  tons  uf  anthracite  coal,  making  the 
whole  amount  at  these  two  i)oints  not  le^s  than  from 
150  lo  1G0,000  ions  consumed  annually,  for  generatnig 
steam  for  the  propulsion  of  vessels. 

From  the  decided  economy  and  advantages  accord- 
ing to  the  present  experience,  arising  irom  the  use  of 
steam  in  vessels  ruiniing  through  our  large  canals 
.  and  along  the  coast,  we  arc  led  to  the  conclusion  that 
in  a  few  years  a  vciy  large-  portion  of  the  -coasting 
ti-ade,  as  well  as  that  to  the  more  contiguous  ibreign 
ports,  will  be  done  by  steam  vessels,  and  will  neces- 
sarily use  a  large  amount  of  coal. 

'  The  rate  of  toll  on  the  canal  for  the  pa^t  year  was 
reduced  to  thirty-six  cents  per  ton,  on  coal,  Avith  an 
allowance  of  five  per  cent,  for  waste,  and  we  are  not 
aware  that  any  chaiigu  in  the  charge  is  contemplated 
for  the  coming  season. 

Theaver.'gt  t'reiglit  lor  iho  whole  boating  seasoii, 
■was  77  cents  lo  Pbiiudflidiia,  and  5^2,1  G  per  ton  (o 
■New  York. 

O'lie  whole  i;ijurge  per  ton  of  coal  by  the  railroad. 


\ 


328  invroKi'  of  schuvlkill  counts, 

was  i^l,10  iu  llic  winter,  and' $1,25  from  tlie   1;,l  o,  ] 

July,  until  ihe  Isi  ot"  December  last.  \ 

The  cnual  v/as  open  and  ready  for  the  sliijmiciit ..,  j 

coal  Oil  tlic   iiGd  vif  March,  and  notwithstanding,^  thv:  ] 

miprecedcni-J  dry  weather,  there  was  n(j  intt'JiU|inct'  j 

in  business,  I'liiil  ii  was  closed  by  ice  on  the  1 !/(};,  oi  j 

Deceiui'ci',  I 

Tlh'    nnioiiiit  oi    coal    imported    into    the   li'-ifcu  1 

Stales  I'or  dxj  yeiM- ending  the  :_K)lh  of  Jnne,  KSll,  i^-  j 
as  lullov/s : 


in  iViuc.Lun  vessels,  40,i}()'J  j 

In  For,  -u  do  37,161 

'J'Mlal,  87,07^  i 

If  wl;  <'id(l  10  ih :■   prochicls  of  1841,  the  inLM,:iSO  ii.  | 

that  yc.ir  of  .mihiacitc!  coal  over  1813  as  a  giiidc  io'  ; 

the  prithahlij  :inniiiiit  iixpiiredto  be  produced  llic;  ot.:'i)-  I 

iug  season,  wi;  shall  lind  it  to  amount  to  nearly  '3,000^-  \ 

000  id"  tons;  ;.nd  some  of  om-  ojierators  are  uuil.;);:  j 

adculations  ihal  .d)ont  this  aujo^mt  must  be  ;■  ,ii  i>.to  j 

iiuirkL't  to  ii\cy:l  the  deniand ;  but  we  think,  this  i-sl-  ] 

mate  may  be  somowliat  too  higii,  and  trust  that  ihosi  i. 

engaguti  in  niinin^^  will  carefully  watch  the  state  oi  | 

the  maik'cl,  in  order  to  guard  against  either  gn  it  ex-  j 

cess  01  (bJii:)i;ucy  in  the  supply,  and  thereby  [li-m^ent  \ 

heavy  lasses  1(1  ifti  producer,  or  great  iuqreaseii  cost  | 

to  die  consul. ':;r,  foth  of  which  will  be  avoii|r:»l  fr  \ 

steering  hciW'.  -u  lu*j  two  extremes, and  steady  piiccs  j 

preserved;  which  is  always  desirable  to  the  t'oHier.  ! 

In  the  re]jui1  nl'  liie  experiment^  made  by  Pri;U;s- 

3or  W.  Ii.  Ju]  1 1  INI.  1 1,  under  the  authority  of  Uong.'o,^^-  1 

at  the  Navy  Y;ail  in  Washington,  on  many  spccin^erii  | 

of  andn-n.cilc  ana    bituminous   coal,  we  find  in  the  i 

lubl'..'  exhibitiiit!-  thi    quanfity  of  steam  lirodii.j'd  l./v  I 

one  pound  of  I'mf  dial  the  coal  sent  from  this  rcgior.'  i 

stands  bef jre  all  die  other  anthracites  exp^  linienied  | 

ij-pcai;  and  s(:-:x,u.\  oidy   to  t\,vo  .spcciujciis    ..i'   buit-  ] 


,,  HISTORY    0F    SCHUiLKILL   COUNTV.  329 

minous  coal  sent  iVom  tlvj  west  branch  of  the  Susque- 
liiinna. 

We  deem  it  iioccssary  to  call  your  attention  to  the 
lYiovenicnt.s  again  inaile  in  'tnr  lcgi;slatnro  to  impose 
a  tax  on  coal,  as  an  ovi!::ilirnt  lor  increasing  the  pub- 
He  reveiuie  ;  and  m  tins  lasi  movement  they  seem  to 
have  forgotten,  or  pia-poocly  avoided  bitnminousqoal, 
hy  havcing  specilied  uuthraciic. 

<i  One  of  iht;  argununit.s  u^cd  in  favor  of  this  mca^nre 
is,  that  a  large  part  of  tlic,  debt  of  the  state  was  incui'- 
red  for  ijio  pii.ip>-,i;  ui'  >  .  i  .trncting  canals  for  die 
flccommodation  oi  dn.s  l.adc;  and  if  this  is  the  case, 
and  the  jtidjlic  wojks  d<-  acconmiodate  the  coal  trade, 
we  cannot  sec  ti.i;  nucis-iiy  :)f  imposing  a  direct  lax, 
separate  and  disiiii.a  fj;.!ii  di ;  lolls;  because  if  the  tolls 
are  increased,  thure  will  b(;  an  e(]ual  probability  of 
an  incr(;ased  revi-mie,  ^il  icli  can  be  more  readily  col- 
lected than  a  separate  aiid  (iiruct  tax,  and  done  too 
•w     without  any  additional  <  lliccrs. 

'"■  If  oiu- legislature  tlm.k  tbat  an  increased  charge 
'•  per  toni>n  coal  lokI  ail  odicr  nuacbandize,  i)assing 
over  the  public  work;,,  :s  calculated  to  increase  tlic 
annual  revenue  llowing  uito  the  public  coders,  we  are 
i\  perfectly  satisfied  that  sacli  a  course  should  be  pur 
:  sued,  because  it  v/ould  operate  equally  and  impar- 
V.     tially. 

^  But  we  canpot  see  the  justice  of  laying  a  direct 
tax  on  anthracite  coal,  v.-itlunt  at  the  same  time  im- 
posing it  ui)on  all  the  oilier  products  of  the  state,  in 
proiJorlion  to  its  viilne. 

The  heaviest  jjuilion  oi'  this  tax  Avould  fall  upon  th* 
coal  sent  Innn  tliis  rr^ioii.  for  \vdii(_h  the  common 
wealth  has  never  LXpeMii^  d  onu  dollar  to  construe', 
a  canal  or  railroad  by  v.-)a(di  \i  couM  be  carrieil  to 
market. 

Tlio  in,;il  1,11'ds  here  ai';  v>dned  at  high  rates  anc^ 
lieavily  laxi.'d:  iii.d  imf  i'v.w  cwimiies  in  the  state  ua\ 
more  l.x  Lhaii  the  Couniy  of  h'chiiyllall, 


330  History  of  schuylkiHl  county. 

If,  however,  il.  is  necessary  to  raise  more  TevenuSj 
the  landljolders  and  colliers  of  this  county  are  always 
ready  tc  bear  tlncir  jtroportion  of  any  tax  that  ij  laid 
witii  a  duo  regard  to  even-handed  jnstice ;  but  we 
must  be  v/arclif:il  and  constant  in  protesting  against 
this  system  of  unequal  taxation,  than  which  there  is 
nothing  more  certainly  calculated  to  breakdown  and 
destroy  (his  Luancii  of  industry,  which  has  bceu 
fost(n-ed  inlo  its  present  gigantic  size,  by  much  indi- 
vidual euUaprize  and  very  lieavy  pecujiiary  liisses. 
All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 


CJIAPTE]!  lY. 

^COAL  KCGIOX,  AND  MIN(^[Cr  OPERATIONS  IN   1844. 


{Frumd'i  Atuhraciic  Gazette.) 

THE  ORKJIN  AiNiJ  FORMATION  OF  COAL. 

,  Previous  to  euteiing  upon  a  particular  local  de- 
■'scriptioii  or  iiistory  oT  llic  alevclopiiiciits  of  this 
'region,  we  shall  give  a  rapid  and  condensed  view  of 
"tlie  various  lluuu'ics  hy  which  sideniiric  na-n  account 
for  the  cxistenco  of  the  valuable  unneral  which  lnaket^: 
'Our  wealth.  The  subject  is  a  curious  one,  and  will 
possess  nuicli  interest  for  tliose  engagetl  in  mhiing 
operations,  while,  in.  connection  with  tlie  future  arti- 
•cles  of  this  series,  ii  will  be  serviceable  as  a  chapter 
of  reference,  I''or  Iho  many  scientiiic  and  practical 
facts  end)raced  in  the  following,  we  are  indebted  to 
several  rare  and  laie  JCnglish  worjxs,  but  more  par- 
ticularly to  our  fellow  townsnuui,  Samuel  Lewis, 
Esq.,  who,  from  among  his  valuable  store  of  itd'orma- 
•tion  and  experience,  iias  Ivindly  permitted  us  the  use 
•of  many  notes. 

There  arc  [lerhaps  btil  few  subjects  wdiich  have 
;given  rise  to  iiKne  cnnjeclLU'e  or  opened  a  wider  held 
for  the  most  extravaga.it  liy[)othesis,  than  that  which 
involves  the  origin  of  coal,  and  among  the  many 
questions  which  call  intij  oi)eration  the  ingenioi.'.- 
'Wui kings   of  huiiirji  leason,  there   are   none    more 


332                JHjTCKV    Ul-    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY.  'M     f 

diflicult  ot  cniijp!(;to    lucidation  than  this.     Tlie  ..uly  ]   .: 

ratioiKtl  (?0(iri;e  i!i;a  wa  can  pursue  whilst  cognizant  of  |  | 

this  difficulty,  i-^  to  lay  l^clbre  our  readers  the  A^aricua  -   ^■ 

theories   as  tljcy  jjiive    arisen,  and  after  givin;.;  the  -^  A 

proofs  advanced  in  favor  of  each,  leave  them  tu  dc-  .J  ■■ 

eide  upon  uial  wincii  a])pears  the  nrost reasonaljlc!.  ^  ;. 

From  aii^nng  the  many  opinions  which  hav(.'  jicon  ; '^ 

proponialcd  wi'di  r.:.-3[)cct  to  the  origin  of  this  .-.ub-  |  .• 
stance,  we  i.'nmnciaic  the  following  five: 


/Vri-/-— Tliat  il  i.,  an  earth,  a  stone  chiefly  of  jjic 
argillaceous  ge):ii.^-,  penetrated  and  impregnatcil  u'ilh 
bitumen. 

Second — -Is  the  ;  pirhrju  of  Mr.  Kirwan,  v/lio  ccii- 
sidered  coal  and  hnnnien  to  have  heen  d(.'rive(l  tVnni 
what  he  d('sigiiati;(l,  ^-the  primordial  chaotic  jluid." 

Tlilrd — 'V\\Wl  it  i:>  entii'tdy  of  uiarin(:;  formation,  and 
has  originated  (ri>ni  the  I'at  and  unctu(.»us  malle.r  of 
the  numcrons  iiihoo  of  animals  that  once  iidiaoiiod 
the  ocean. 

Fourth— 'V\\.'X  il  is  a  marine  fossil,  formed  in  a 
manner  .simiiai  \u  the  reefs  of  coral  hi  the  pre.seii! 
ocean. 

Fiftli — 'i'hat  it  is  of  vegetable  origin;  that  the  vu- 
getablr  hodics  ha\e,  suhsequeutly  to  tlieir  being  bu- 
ried under  vl;..1  >tiata  of  earth,  been  mhiera!i/ed  by 
some  uid.no'w'ii  |n;  rcss,  of  which  sulphuric  aci.l  iias 
prohalily  beei;  \\w  princii»al  agent,  and  that  by  means 
of  this  acid  the  nhs  of  tlie  ditferent  species  ol"  "wood 
have  been  ctjnven  'd  into  bitumen,  and  a  coaly  :-:iib- 
stance  has  been  formed. 

The  liL'st  o])mi.i'i  as  (putted  above,  has  been  fnlly 
demon:.t rated  to  be  inefficient  from  the  lact  ti.at  'a 
muriber  of  ciKos  are  Jbrmed,  wliich  are  entirrl^  devcii] 
of  biiumen,  and  abio  tliat  the  (piantity  of  i  arlhy  or 
sleny  inatter  in  fn-  most  bUmninons  c  lal  beais  no 
pnvp'iiiion  ro  dean.  : 

'fbe  oiher  'hre,.  opinions  must  be  lo( .  ed   u[ian  a. 


i' 


HISTOnV    Oi'    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY. 


331 


altogether  speculative,  and  imaginary,  although  sev^ 
eral  scientific  aiid  choinic:il  arguments  may  be  ad- 
duced iu  dieir  h"!i)i)orr.. 

We  are  thus  throv/n  U|)Ou  the  most  prevalent  as 
well  asllie  mosL  reasonable  opinion,  viz:  '•  That  it  is 
of  vegetablo  origin,,  derived  as  hct'ure  stated,  Irom 
Veo-etahles."  In  tliis  i.-.ti'iiry  we  shall  use  the  argu- 
nwiits  pertaiuing  lo  Ih.  l.ewis'  notion  oi"  the  nuUter. 
'<  All  are  UijW  agici  d  Uiiou,  what  is  indeed  an  un- 
deuiaiile  laet.  thai^  nnncr.d  coal  is  priucii)allv  com- 
noseu  oicari.ou;  .■od  ii  i..  a  legitimat.;  conclusion 
drawn  fromtlic  i;re.v, nt  su,te  of  geological  and  chemi- 
cal knowledge,  that  c-rljou  existed,  either  sunply  or  m 
some  state  of  eoniLnnliMn,  previous  to  the  deposr^ 
Uon  of  the  coal  Nlr.M.i.  i'or  so  far  Irom  this  period 
being  the  time  of  ih-  .aeiiUuu  of  matter,  it  was  pecu- 
liarly the  age  of  hre-daiig  up  its  old  lornis  and  re- 
arranging theui  anew:  ihe  whole  amount  oi  the  d)l- 
ference  then  helweeii'lwo  oinnions,  is  reihiced  to  the 
simple  point,  whelh.:,  the  carbon  in  the  coal  strata 
Was  siniidy  juv  'iiMLihil  from  ^olne  cheimcal  soluUon 
or  comhinatiou  nU.  us  piceui  form  of  coal,  or  whe 
ther  it  iiist  passed  (hrough  the  lorm  ol  organizeu 
vegetable  mailer,  and  was  subsequently  reduced  by 
some  unknown  procp,ss  to  its  present  form. 

''  i.et  us  adopt  which  of  these  opinions  we  may,  we 
shall  find  upon  close  examination,  that  the  subject  in 
by  no  means  unincuu-ibenid  with  dilficulties,  and  thai 
it  is  by  no  means  easy  lo  arrive  at  conclusions  th:_il 
I  I  will  bear  striet  scruliuv,  and  on  which  we  can  coni)- 
dently  rely,  it  ii.  llierefori;  slrletly  in  aecovdaiiev 
with  the  spirit  oi  inanctive  i)hilosophy,  to  adopt  thai 
theory  whieh  serve,  io  explain  the. greatest  mnnber 
of  facts,  and  iviUe'iily  lo  waU  uuiil  a  sulli-denl  uuiil- 
ber  of  observations  aijd  evifeTimeiits  shall  have  l)eei! 
made  to  draw  sati'<nu'tory  coLiehisious  on  llu^  suhjtvt. 
If  I  mistake  noi,  th,e  li'.e.a-y  of  ihe  vegetable  origm 
of  coal  bcf  answers  to  ihose  conditions.  It  hetlei 
[eeordsv.'it     deductioU'j  drawn  from  the  most  accn- 


334  nrsroi.r  of  schtjylkill  countt. 

rate  and  t!xr(;nsive  ol)servations — presents  fewer  dn"  | 
iiculties,  and  requires  fewer  suppositions  tli;in  v.wy  * 
other.     It  is  duo  that  we  are  ignorant,  and  firobably  1 
always  shall  he,  of  the  place  from  whence  such  Viisij 
accLuniiUitioiis  of  vegetables  were  obtained,  how  ihey 
were  disposed  in  sncli  regular  strata,  and  allerv/aidi  ^ 
convcrud  nilu  und.     But  the  same  may  bo  ^aid  oi  j 
each  o[  ibe  secondary  and  transition  strata,  tbat  in  [\ 
great  measure  compose  tlie  crust  of  our  globe.     Foi  j 
instance,  w-ho  can  tell  from  whence  was  derived  tlic  | 
great  variety  ui"  ['cblilcs  that  go  to  make  up  the  cou  \ 
j^domeral.;  or  j/iidding  stone  of  the  Sharp  hioimtain- 
liow  tliey  were  broken  into  small  pieces  unci  triuiro.- 
ted  and  rounded  into  their  present  shapes,  aiid  thoi. 
eollectod  loaodio/  and  dej)osited  in  layers  as  we  now 
Ihid  tlioin.     iiai  because  we  cannot  tell  all  iliis,  docs  i 
any  onu,  who  lias  fully  examined  the  subjeot,  believ"  ' 
that  it  has  not  bapi)ened.  I 

"Geologists  ha^^e  divided  the  strata  composing  tht  ; 
orust  of  the  earth  into  five  series,  as  follows,  viz:  | 
Primary  or  ]Mimilive,  Transitien,.  Secomiaiy,  Tyi-  i 
tiary  and  iJibivial.  j 

"The  primary  class  are  princij)ally  composed  cf  j 

chrystaline  matter,  without  the  admixture  o[  iVag-  I 

rnents  of  othur  rocks,  and  do  not  possess  a  distinct  | 

and    ro'^ular  stratification   or  disposition   in   layers.  ' 

They  are  wlislly  destitute  of  organic  remains  Jhat  is^  j 

no  trace  or  impression  of  animals  or  vegetables  i^  \ 

found  among  tliem,  and  hence  they  ailbrd  no  evi-  ; 

deuce  that  snsii  existed  at  the  time  of  their  formation.  ■; 

"  It  is  further  remarkable  that  no  carbonaceous  mat  ■  j 

tcv  of  any  value  Ibr  fuel,  nor  any  considerable  quaii-  } 

tity  of  any  land  has  ever  been  found  among  these  j 

rocks.  ' 

'• 'I'he  next  in  cider  is  the  transition  series;  these  ' 
rocks  generaliy  he  in  contimious  beds  or  strata  more  \ 
or  less  inclincil     Tlie  lower  beds  liave  a  sena-chrys- 


raiine  appearance,  and  often  contain  the  frai<uicnt.s  of     \ 


HISTORY    OF    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY.  335 

Other  rocks.  'Jlie  vippcr  leds  are  frequently  conv 
posed  ill  Avliole  or  in  part  of  ])ebbles  and  fragments 
partially  roundi'd  and  cemented  together.  In  these 
rocks  we  hnd  tliu  iirsi  evidences  of  the  existence  of 
animal  and  vegotublc  organization,  thus  indicathig  a 
transition  or  cliange  from  a  pure  chrystaline  and  in- 
organic state  to  that  of  fragmentary  composition,  and 
of  organic  life,  ;ind  hence  the  name — transition.  The 
lower  part  of  this  scries  contains  only  the  remains  of 
marine  animals  of  the  lowest  order,  while  the  upper 
contains  the  remains  of  land  or  rather  of  marsh  vege- 
tables, plainly  indicjiiiig  a  transition  from  water  to 
dry  land  previous  to  the  deposition  of  the  coal  beds. 
The  upper  part  of  the  series  contains  .our  antlmicite 
coal  beds,  wluch  arc  cunsi<]cred  as  dividing  it  from 
the  secondary,  it  also  cuntains  immense  quanlitie? 
of  the  casts  and  impr'^sioiis  cf  plants,  which  fully 
prove  that  they  existed  at  die  time  in  great  numbers, 
whether  our  coal  beds  are  made  up  of  them  or  not. 

"The  rocks  of  the  secondary  series  are  less  chrys- 
taline in  thoir  appearand;  than  the  transition,  and 
S€ein  to  be  composed  of  the  fragments  of  other  rocks 
ground  up  and  comminuted,  and  then  deposited  fron* 
some  sus])eiiding  medium.  They  appear  to  owe  their 
formation  more  to  mechanical  than  to  chemical  means. 
The  bitnminous  coal  measures  form. the  lowest  beds 
ttf  this  series,  and  the  challc  the  highest.  They  con- 
tain immense  quantities  of  the  remains  of  vegetables, 
and  of  marine  and  land  aiiimals  of  the  higdier  orders- 
and  the  most  gigantic  sizes— plahily  indicathig  the 
increase  of  dry  land. 

"  The  tertiary  series  are  principally  made  up  of  tlie 
precedhig,  ami  only  coutaais  the  imperfect  or  brown 
coal. 

"  The  diluvial  is  merely  the  effect  of  currents  pas^ 
ing  over  the  surface  of  tije  earth  and  sweeping  avva- 
the  debris  of  rocks  and  cdier  formations.  Peat  ui 
turf  belongs  to  this  foriiiatiou,  if  it  can  properly  be 
sni'l  '.o  lielong  lo  auy. 


.?  '* 


536  insiouv   or  sciiuylkill  county. 

"TlieroL'ks  loiinoi]  in  the  first  geological  age  n.ra 

conceived  t^  owe  ijicii-  ju'esent  state  to  the  conibijied        '  » 

eliects  of  imnionsvj  lu  at  and  pressure,  and  thus  to  be       j  i 

chemically  nniied.     !ii  the  next,  or  transition  age, 

they  app'.'Mi-  to  have  het;n  deposited  from  some  sus-       |  ^ 

pending  uieJiiiLii,  and  to  owe  their  present  state  pari-       \ 

ly  to  tiie  action  oi'clifMnieal  and  i)arlly  to  mechanical 

laws;  Avhile  in  the  s.'coiidary  series  Ihey  are  wh'>ily       ] 

]iiechanii:id.  exci.'jil  .-^vi   iar  as  they  arc  held  together 

Ly  llic  rJtraolioi.i  oi'  (ihcsion.  * 

.  .   .  1' 

'•  (larjjoii  is   Hi'K.i    i)|-(»hahly  an  original  ingrcvlicnt        ■ 

m  the  composiiioa  of  our  rucks,  and  was  not  (■.■/,l;7-  |' 

nal/i/  fonoi'd    by   any  |)rocess  of  vegetation,      h  is  |- 

iound  in  ilie   jji-uuary   limestones  and  other  ])riiiiaiy  | 

]x>cks,  ajiii  ill  many  liani>ition  rocks  that  wi're  (i,,'iiiod  i 

jjrevions  lo  ilie  i?asli.nce  (jf  plants.     In   limesloiK's  it  1} 

forms  aliout  onoci'aiit   ot"  tla.'ir   weight.     (Jonld  the  |i 

carbon  be  sepaiaicd  from  the  limcNttJiie  in  the  caica-  | 

reoHS  ranges  ol'  da;  Jnra  and  the  Alps  in  Europe,  it  |j 

would  form  a  li.  I  td  pure  carbon  of  nearly  one  tliuu-  U 

sand  feet  in  iliiri  n  '-^^j  tliroughout  the  vast  extciii  ni  ^' 

those  inomiiaihN,     'J'he  ^^'hole  formation  of  the  irau-  | 

sition  and  ])rinr,iy  limestones  of  Pennsylvania  may  ^ 

cover  an  area  oi'  ten  thousand  miles,  and  will  perhaj'S  .' 

average  loivr  tli.)iisaiid  feet  in  thickness.     1' ho  carbon  | 

of  this  would  fmni  ..  hed  ol"  more  than  Jlvc  Imncliecl  |' 

leet  thick    uv'er   ;he    a  hole   extent.     All  these  lock's 

were  formed  ])ni/r  t<.  the  existence  of  plants.     Carbon 

exists  in  tlajse  reriv^iii  the  state  of  carbonic  acid  C(.ni- 

hined  with  lime  m-   i,dier   bases,  and  it  is  sonievvhai  I 

remarkable,  thai  wiih  the  exception  of  the  coal  [jeh;.  ) 

it  is  nowhere  tbnnd  ia  an  uncombhied  state.  i 

"  Neithci  du  »ve  ]>iiuw  of  any  remains  of  l)ed.s  ol 
its  combinalioi's,  i.eni  wdience  it  could  have  been 
Idierated  by  any  uf  ibe  agents  that  have  been  insti-n- 
niental  in  jOjini]];.:  (be  rocks  that  envelope;  il:..-  i-eal 
beds,  so  far  as  r.aa  Jvnowledge  of  tli(js(;  agehi.s  ax- 
teiids.  Heai  will  e  rj-el  the  carbcmic  acid  li.a'i  its 
jumbiiianons  with  Jime  or  other  earUis,  ineiais^  i.e. .; 


^  ii^ 


,  I^ISTOUY    OF    SeuUYLKILL   COUNTY.  337 

"but  it  requires  some  other  process,  some  other  agency 
to  separate  tlio  CLirhou  from  this  combination  witfi 
oxygen.  We  know  of  nothing  that  will  etiect  this 
but  the  process  of  vegetation ;  it  having  been  proved 
by  direct  experiment,  that  plants,  during  their  growth, 
absorb  carbonic  acid,  and  give  out  oxygen,  thus  re- 
taining the  carbon  whioh  manifestly  forms  a  great 
portion  of  their  ball:. 

«  Admitting  therefore,  as  we  cheerfully  do,  the  prior 
existence  of  carbon,  it  does  not  assist  us  in  the  inquiry 
how  the  immense  masses  of  carbon  that  constitute 
the  coal  strata  were  collected  together,  unless  we  re- 
sort to  the  agency  of  vegetables.  How  they  are 
formed  from  these,  we  are  in  a  great  measure  igno- 
tant,  and  perhaps  always  will  be,  but  wo  may  at  least 
be  permitted  to  otrer  a  coiijecture. 

"  Carbon  may  have  existed  in  the  interior  of  the 
earth,  and  have  been  expelled  from  thence  by  the 
great  internal  he;it  now  generally  admitted  to  have 
existed  id  the  earlier  stages  of  its  formation,  in  the 
form  of  carbonic  aeia  gas,  (the  common  choke  damp 
or  black  damp  of  our  mines  and  wells)  this  may  have 
sb  filled  the  atmosphere  as  lo  render  it  unlU  to  support 
animal  lite,  while  it  furnished  the  most  suitable  food 
ibr  plants.  It  is  also  very  probable  that  much  less 
mould  or  earth  may  have  coveted  the  rocky  strata  in 
those  early  ages  than  ut  present,  and  that  plants  must 
have  lived  more  by  absorbing  carbon  from  the  air 
tlirough  their  loaves,  than  from  the  earth  through 
their  roots.  That  such  was  the  primitive  condition 
ef  the  atmosphere,  and  that  it  was  gradually  purified 
by  the  growth  of  plants,  seems  not  to  be  improbable 
from  the  circumstance,  that  previous  to  their  existence, 
the  animated  races  were  confined  to  the  water,  and 
were  of  the  lowest  orders  to  whom  a  breathing  ap- 
paratus is  not  necessary  3  to  these  succeeded  reptiles 
and  cold-blooded  animals,  which  can  enjoy  and  en- 
dure an  atmosphere  that  v/ould  be  fatal  to  warm 
•blc: 'led  animal?;  and  to  man.  These  reptiles  did  not 
V 


338  HIS1  OKY     OP    SCHUYLKILL    COUNTY. 

appear  iintii  aULi-  tlie  deposition  of  tlie  coal  ^iraiu, 
and  it  is  iiirtlicr  proljable  that  it  required  many  gen- 
erationtj  of  plants  to  render  the  uir  respirable  lor  biiLls 
and  beastS;  as  it  is  not  initii  long-  alter  that  any  ves- 
tiges of  theso  races  are  found.  These  were  the  im- 
mediaio  precursors  of  the  human  race,  the  sovereign? 
of  a  woild  which  they  underprise,  and  of  which  they 
little  know  the  wonderful  structure,  or  the  sui;pasing 
beauty. 

"  xVt  iJic  epuch  of  the  coa.1  formation,  the  vegctatiou  j 
that  covered  the  earth  was  of  the  most  JuxuriaiU  | 
growth  and  gigjiutic  size,  as  is  evidenced  by  their  !«-  i 
mains  found  in  the  adjoining  strata.  Plants^  such  a?  | 
ferns  and  equisiti,  \vhich  are  at  present  classed  witli  | 
the  gra.ssc.s,  then  attained  to  the  stature  and  size  of  j 
trees.  It  consisted,  in  the  temperate  ai'd  coldei  ; 
countries  c^  iLurope  and  America^  of  geneia  and* 
species  of  ph  nts  now  only  found  in  the  tropical  coii!!  | 
tries.  We  can  at  iliis  day  scarcely  form  an  idea  of  iL  } 
amount  of  vegetation  armually  produced  by  the  cuni-  ' 
bjned  iiillueiii-e  ci  heat,  moisture  and  carb»'»iiii;  aciii  I 
Jius. 


i 

"In  the  u})per  or  diluvial  formation,  we  find  peai  1 
whicli  is  uuijuesiionably  of  vegetable  origin,  a,^  it  is  ] 
now  forming  from  vegetables  in  various  parts  of  the  j 
world  ;  and  yet  i'ully  formed  peat  has  as  Httle  the  a^-  1 
pearance  of  vegetables  as  most  kinds  of  coal.  It  is  s 
also  remarkable  (hat  the  further  peat  is  removed  from  \ 
all  traces  of  vegetable  organization,  (within  cevtair  | 
limits)  the  bultei-  it  answers  lor  fuel.  In  peat  we  \ 
have  an  instoiico  of  the  formation  of  luel  Jrom  vego-  | 
tables,  but  v.diich  has  no  trace  of  a  vegetable  kft,  ly  ] 
a  mincrahzing  pjocessi  that  is  just  as  little  uiider.stoii!],  j 
and  IS  just  as  inexplicable  as  the  process  by  whicli  | 
vegetables  have  been  converted  into  mineral  coal.  | 
Would  it  tlicn  l)c  reasonable — would  it  be  j.liilosoplii-  | 
cal  to  deny  the  vegetable  origin  of  coal,  meicly  be-  ' 
cpu^e  we  aic  imable  to  explain  the  proce.-:;?  by  wLici!  \ 
it  has  been  leduciid  to  its  present  3|ate?  \ 


HIST<aiV    or    Sf'Ht.i-J.KILL   COUNTY.  339 

■r  "Owing  to  the  groat  o^'ucity  of  coal,  all  attempts  to 
examine  its  struotiire  \)y  the  aid  of  the  microscope 
proved  abortive,  until  lAIr.  Witham,  an  English  ex- 
perimentalist, kiiely  siiggLsted  and  practised  with- 
stngular  succeis^^.  the  method  of  cutting  from  fossil, 
stems,  transversely  and  longitudinally,  thin  slices,  and 
having  them  cemeiii^cd  to  glass,  polished  them,' so  as 
10  render  their  internal  structure  strikingly  conspicu- 
ous under  the  niicroscojie  Slices  of  coal  treated  in 
this  manner,  exhibired  in  some  parts  distinct  traces  of 
woody  texture,  in  others  where  the  texture  of  the 
original  plant  cnuki  not  he  di:>tinguished,  cells  fdled 
Avith  a  light  yellow^  colored  matter,  apparently  of  a 
bituminous  nature  and  veiy  volatile,  were  percepti- 
ble. The  number  aiid  appearance  of  those  cells  vary 
with  each  variety  of  ctjal ;  in  the  finest  portions, 
where  the- chrytitaline  structure,  as  indicated  by  th^ 
rhomboidal  form  of  iu,  fragments,  is  most  developed, 
the  cells  are  completely  obliterated ;  the  texture  be- 
ing uniform  and  compart,  and  the  whole  arrangement 
indicating  a  more  j)err.;el  union  of  the  constituents, 
and  ii  more  entire  der,irneti^>n  of  the  oi-iginal  texture 
of  the  plant.  TlKise  cells  are  conjectured  to  be  de- 
rived from  the  reticular  texture  of  the  parent  vegeta-- 
ble,  roimded  and  confii-^ed  by  enormous  pressure. 

"The  extreme  rarity  of  the  impressions  of  plants, 
in  coal  when  pioperly  considered' is  no  proof  that  it 
is  not  of  vegetable  origin,  but  rather  one  of  the 
strongest  arguments  ni  tavor  of  such  an  hypothesis, 
when  takeu  in  connection  with  the  prot'use  vegetation, 
of  that  period.  Vegetablus  at  the  time  of  the  coal 
formation  were  principally  of  the,' vascular,  crypto 
gamic  class  ;  thai  is,  allied  to  reed^j  flags,  ferns,  &c., 
with  but  few  of.a  woody  siructure,-  It  isstated  that 
out  of  260  species  discovcied  in  the  coal  measures, . 
only  forty,  were  of  the  latter  class.  All  traces  of  ve- 
getable texture  would  be  lifeely  to  be  destroyed  iu  the 
conversion  of  a  mass  of  cUcli  vegetables  into  coal 
Foi  il  er.al  lio.s  been  formed  froiri  vegetables,  it  wa^ 


S40  IlISrOKY    or   fCilUt^LKILL    COUNTY. 

by  some  nniieiaii'/ing  process,  that  has,  inconjunclioi. 

with  enorniQUS  pressure,  destroyed  the  vegetable  Isx-  j    ■ 

tare,  particularly  of  the   soft   and  vascular  plants,  *    \ 

hence  it  is  ooiy  {win  some  peculiar  conciu'rence  of  cir-  |     ' 

cumstances  tliat  impressions  of  vegetables  have  been  ^    | 

retained,     ^Vhere^9,  if  it  owes  its  t'ormation,  like  the  •'    » 

rocks  that  .siirrouiid  ii,  to  the  mere  i)recipitation  .uid  •    ^> 

consolidation  of  its  component  parts,  and  like  them  ''   i 
been  derived  from  similar  materials  in  another  tbrm,  ■) 

we  ought  roasonal^ly  to  exj)ect  to  find  the  same  iin-  i   i 

pressions  of  plants  hi.  in  the  surrounding  shales.     AIj  '    ? 

were  once  equally  solt  alike,  and  ouglit  therefuio  to  r    ' 

retain  similar  impres-:ion.s.  *  | 

"  Thus  we  have  die  fullest  proof  that  the  subject  is  ^  .' 
capable  of,  in  the  present  state  of  our  knuwird 
that  in  all  ihe  Lliifcjent  varieties  of  fossil  fuel  iVoni 
peat  to  anthracite,  vegetables  did  exist  at  the  time  ot 

tiieir  formation  ;'.nd  in  immediate  contiguity  with  u\e  I 

beds.  1 1 

"The  mriteri>ils  composing  the   strata  above  and  || 

below  the  coal,  are  comi)osed  of  fragments  of  rocks  | :!; 

that  previously  existed,  or  of  the  same  materials  with  p 

tiiose  rocks.  ,^^ 

"  Specimens  of  th<;  same  kinds  still  exist — some  ot  jj 

them  in  the   greatest  profusion;   but  we  have  no  re-  f] 

mains  of  beds  of  carbon  in  the  older  rocks,  fjom  *) 

whence  uin-  coal  b(;ds  might  have  been  derived.   Nei-  |; 

ther  do  wc  know  of  any  process  m  nature,  except  ^l 

vegetation,  by  wdiich  carbon  can  be  liberated  i'rom  i) 

most  of  its  condjinations.     Vegetables  are  iu  a  i^rcat  \ 

measure  composed  of  carbon,  and  so   is  coal;  some  I 

kinds  of  coal  show  evident  traces  of  woody  texture:  I 

and  as  before  obserV(;d,  we  have  the  most  abundajil  I 

proof  thatplants  nourished  and  fell  in  immense  nunn-  ^' 

tities  at  the  time  of  the  coal  formation;  the  siiopiest  i 

and  plainest,  ai\d  therefore  the  most  philosophic  in-  | 

ference  is,  that  it  is  derived  Irom  this  source,- '  I 


All  these  argununts,  wdiile  they  evince  m\u;li  .re 


i  -i 


HlSTOIiY    OF    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY.  341 

t^  search  and  labor,  l.ear  tho  impress  of  sound  philoso- 
''''  pliical  ruasGuiui^,  and  address  tlieniseh^es  to  the  con- 
sideration of  scientific  and  practical  men,  as  being 
free  of  hypothesis  and  possessing  less  of  a  theoretical 
tone  than  the  nian3'"  odicr  suppositions,  which  at  dif- 
ferent periods  have  been  forced  upon  the  observation. 
'^  To  continue  die  arguniunts  iiL  support  of  the  vege- 
table ori<dn  of  coal: 


"  There  Can  bono  question  t.hat  the  Bovey  or  Brown 
coal,  finuid  in  Great  liritain,  is  composed  principally 
of  the  inudvs  and  branches  (jf  trees,  as  in  some  spe- 
cimens the  vegetable  libre  or  grain  of  the  wood  is  dis- 
cernable  at  one  end,,  while  the  other  is  reduced  to  coal. 
Almost  all  the  varieties  ofihi.s  coal  contain,  besides 
carbon  and  bitumen,  a  poiiion  of  resin  and  other  un- 
altered vegetable  products.  This  brown  coal,  if  pow- 
dered, and  put  into  an  iron  labu,  covered  with  Stour- 
bridge clay,  and  dien  ^ubmiUed  to  a  red  heat,  will  be 
converted  into  u  subst:ince  having  all  the  external 
diaracter  and  chemical  properties  o[  mineral  caaiy 
and  the  clay  will  be  CDuveiUMl  into  coal  s/tale.  This 
experimeiit  has  been  tried  with  sj)ecimens  of  thecoal 
having  at  one  end  of  the  piece  the  complete  remains 
oi'the  wood. 

"Every  coal  district  has  its  peculiar  series  of  strata 
unconnected  with  any  other — while  there  is  a  great 
resemblance  in  the  n  iture  of  the  ditferent  beds  in 
each.  A  district  with  its  peculiar  series  is  called  a 
field.  Coal  fields  are  generally  of  but  limited  extent, 
and  the  strata  frequenily  dip  to  a  common  centre, 
l>eing  often  arranged  m  basin  shaped  concavities, 
which  appear  in  many  cases  to  have  been  originally 
detached  lakes  tliat  Cvere  gradually  filled  up  by  re- 
peated dei)osuions  of  carbonaceous  and  mineral  mat- 
ter. In  soiue  of  the  larger  cual  /ields  the  original 
form  of  the  lake  cannot  be  .so  distinctly  traced  ;  their 
present  furm seems  rathcrte  be  owing  to  the  up-rising 
of  the  strata  on  which  the  coiil  measures  rest,  and  by 
lyhi  h  ihey  aie,  as  it  were,  enveloped.     Thus  in  oui 


342  MISTOKV    OP    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTT,  ; 

1 

own  rci^ioii,  if  we  admit  the  strata  to  have  been  oii  | 
ginally  depoi^iterl  iu  a  horizontal  position  or  iioarly  so,  j 
(and  we  can  hardly  conceive  how  they  could  hav<! ' 
been  deposited  in  any  other  position)  their  present  j 
inclined  sitnation  must  be  owing  to  tlie  suiiso(ineiil  I 
up-rising  ol"  the  rocky  strata  tiiat  compose  tlio  Ihn.'d  \ 
and  Sharp  mountains,  l^ut  in  many  of  tin;  .suiuliei  ! 
ones  the  h:.sin  shape  is  distincdy  preserved.  ! 

'•  rho  coal  strata  were  doubtless  dej^osi.  :d  in  ihb  S 
vi(iinity  of  extoiisive  tracts  of  dryland  contaiixingj 
rivers,  marshes,  fresh  water  lakes  and  mouuiaiiis.—  1 
The  marine  beds,  which  are  the  foundati;)n  of  the  j 
series  of  coal  strate  and  also  surround  th-m;  luiisi 
therefore  have  1)een  .raised  Irom  the  hotioin  oi  the  j 
ancient  deep  before  the  vast  accumulations  ol'vegeta-  | 
ble  matter  constituting  the  coal  beds  could  h;:  ve  been  .; 
formed.  1 

"  The  reinains  of  vegetables  found  in  the  coid  strata 
belong  to  families  of  plants  tliat  abound  at  prest'nl  I 
■chielly  in  tropical  countries,  snch  as  giganiil^  lin'is  ' 
and  (Hiuisitiiins  (or  horsetail)  with  jointed  stems  lik.;  \ 
reeds,  and  hence  called  calamities;  and  lycojjodia,  or  \ 
plants  allied  to  the  tree.  In  some  instances,  (he  coal 
is  decidedly  formed  of  such  plants,  and  lioia  iheii  j 
sometimes  l)eing  found  erect,  we  may  inter  iliai  they  J 
grew  near  the  place  their  remains  are  now  iVv.md.        \ 

"Another  inference  from  these  facts  is,  ihat  tJic  | 
earth  luust  have  jH)Sse.sseda  nmch  Idgher  temperature  \ 
at  the  time  of  the  Ibrmation  of  the  coal  than  at  the  J 
present,  and   hence  vegetables  may  have  grown  in  \ 
the  most  profnse  abundance  and  of  the  most  gigantic   j 
size,     ^hjl•^'  muv    have   been  piroduced  at  cne  cro])    i 
then,  than  in  ten  at  the  present  day.     And  thiougt;    | 
the  influence  of  the  greater  chemical  energy  that  nit- 
doubtedly  existed  at  that  time,  may  have  been  pre- 
served from  the  rapid  decay  which  takes  i^lnco  atthu 
present  time,  and  hence  great  masses — the  proauft 
of  many  successive  crops,  may  liavebeen  ;.iCkUin.il>;- 


HISTORY    OF    SCHllVIKILL   COUNTF.  34S 

ed  ready  to  undergo  tl.c  imknowu  process  by  which 
they  were  converted  into  beds  of  coal,  when  tlie  ap- 
poiuted  time  came  Ibr  tins  to  talce  place. 

■  Havin-  thus  unv...  our  renders  by  way  ofintroduG- 
\i^^e  mor^local  ameleswluchwUlloluW, many 
vZable  fa.ns  in  respeci  to  the  origni  and  tormatioii 
:S;hi^hl-c^u--^y^t  been  published,^ w^ 
lui  p  oceed  in  our  next  to  describe  the  pecuUarit  es 
a.  d  developments  oi^the  coal  Holds,  as   ar  as  the  care- 

my  collated  exi-erLne.  of  otbers,  added  to  onr  own 
■observation,  will  enable  )is. 

SCnUYLKlI.I.COAL  FIELD. 

Under  the  head  of  ''  The  Coal  '^^^^^'\;^^:' 
a  lo.i-  and  earefnlly  written  essay  upon  the  or  g  n 
Ld  fonnation  of  coal,  the  point  of  winch  wen  to 
n-ove  that  this  valuable  staple  wasorigmally  a  vepe^ 
■lible  substonce.  We  n/i-ht  eontmue  the  reasoning 
^u";lttionofagi.atnund,erofintea-stn.gpro^^ 
^     v,.,..i,n.M.is  l)ul  ;.-iluscina-se  wonKl  beinesonte 

•to  that  matter. 

The  pou.tAve  .hive  «t,  and  tlie  r<'-="»'^"'iff '"™- 
,ione<l  is  .cco.,,.anyins  the  coal  l;""'"  -'I'-  ,^  >[ 
iliveptlv  10  all  ilio  amhracite  coal  haU  in  Ui^  suit , 
2  a  'iheJe  a.tiele.  were  wHUen  for  the  •ptn-pose  o 
mote  lamiliarly  nUroaucing  a  I'-"-;  »-'  T^^  y"  ! 
of  our  own  region,  nsnally  dcnoninuitea  the  ^<-» "Y 
kiin'orpieia:"  we  shall  r„llo„,  out  the. mention  l,e- 
haps  abruptly. 

It  may  in  the  nrst  place  I  e  well  to  ^^^^'^'^  "^^^^^^^ 

bv    b.e  disturbaiJC'^,  oi  ihe  L'X'derlaymg  stiata. 


344  HISTORY    OF    SCHUYLKILL   COUNT¥. 

That  part  CcJlcul  the  Schuylkill  Coal  Field,  of  whic|j 
\ve  now  intend  to  speak,  is  about  sixty-five  miles  in 
length, ii. lid  about  iovu-  miles  and  a  lialfiu  its  greatest 
breadth,  which  is  in  the  vicinity  of  Pottsville.  Thi^ 
basin  resembles  in  shape  a  long  eliptieal  or  oval 
trough,  narrowing  0 if  toward*,  the  ends  with  thf  ev- 
Geption  of  the  western  portion  which  is  divided  Intiy 
two  narrow  prongs,  ThiS'  basin  is  bounded  by  the 
Broad  mountain  on  the  north,  and  by  the  Sliarp 
rnoumaiu  on  the  s;mtli,  which  boundaries  are  cut 
through,  or  ponetraiod  at  ditferent  })()ints  by  varioiH 
streams  which  pass  through  them-into  the  coal  ibrma- 
tion.  Beginning  at  the  eastern  portion,  it  is  penetra- 
ted first  by  the  LiUle  Sduiylkill  at  Tama([u;i — the 
Mill  creek  at  Port  Carbon — the  river  Schuyjkill  at 
Pottsville — the  Wc^i;  Branch  of  the  Schuylkill  at 
Minersville— tlxo  Swatara  creek  at  Pinegrove—aiid  the 
Wiscomsco  and  Siuny  creeks  at  tlie  extreme  w^.'slerrk 
portion  of  the  elipsis.  These  creeks  and-  streams  af- 
ford admirable  natural  outlets  ior  the  coal,  and  favo- 
rable sites  for  tho  location  of  railroads,  whieU  :\vv 
already  laid  down,  and  m  operation  through  n^  rly 
all  these  passes.  Of  these,  however,  we  shall  ^q>Luk 
hereafter. 

This  coal  fieltl  is  everywhere  surrounded  and  rests 
on  a  thick  stiaiuni  of  reck  composed  of  coai.se  and 
rounded  jicbbles',  cemented  together,  commonly  eaDcd 
pudding  stone  or  conglomerate,  which  forms,  as  it 
were,  an  outer  bed,  or  trough,  inside  of  which  are 
the  various  seams,  or  as  they  are.inore  connnonly 
called  veins  of  coal.  These  veins  or  beds  of  coal  lie 
at  about  every  angle,  from  horizontal  to  perpendicu- 
lar, but  most  goierally,  in  the  central  part  of  the  fields 
dip  at  an  angle  varying  from  twemy-iiye  to  i'oviy  de- 
grees with  the  horizon.  They  are  separated  irom 
eiach  other  b^^  ditferent  stratas  of  sandstone  and  slate, 
Avhich  are  of  various  thicknesses. 

From  examinations  made  across  the  centre  ui  diu 
iield,  aid'^.d  by  the  number  already  worked,  it?  a>i;e.r- 


m 


HISTORY    Of    SCIIUYLxIILL   COUNTY.  34J 

teined  that  we  liavj  in  tiiii  basin  about  ninety-Jive 
veins  or  strata  of  coal,  ai'J  it  is  probable  that  we  have 
\  not  yet  arrived  at  sullicieiitinlbrniation,  by  wiiich  to 
V  ileterniine  the  exact  number.  These  veins  run  in  tlK) 
i;  direction  of  the  lengtli  of  il»e  regioUj  and  vary  in 
thickness  from  two  feet  to  forty  or  fifty  feet-r-ncarly 
all  of  them  extend  for  many  miles  in  length,  and  some 
of  them,  unquestionably,  extend  laider  tlie  whole  coal 
fipld.  Lying  inclined,  as  they  generally  do,  one  edge 
reaches  the  surface  of  liie  ground,  where  it  is  called 
(he  "out-cropping'"  ol  the  coal,  and  the  other  extends 
to  an  unk'uown  depih  in  iIh'  earth,  These  beds,  or 
veins  of  coal,  form  as  much  a  part  of  the  rock  forma- 
tion of  the  coal  hold,  as  strata  of  slate  or  limestone 
'  (Jo  the  rock  forma tiori  of  odicr  })aris  of  the  country, 
!  and  are  cm  little  Ukily  to  be  exhausted.  Both  may 
!'  be  worked  to  a  defvth  tlvit  \n\\  cease  to  remunerate 
the  operator,  but  the  part  taken  away  will,  scarcely 
be  a  fragment  of  that  which  woidd  be  left.  If  we 
suppose  the  whole  number  of  veins  to  be  equal  to 
fifty  veins  of  six  feel  thickness,  fifty  miles  in  length, 
and  extending  to  an  uni  uown  depth  in  the  earth, 
some  idea  may  be  foiinLd.  of  the  supplies  our  coal 
field  can  furnish,  and  tlic  little  probability  there  is  of 
exhausting  them  hi  o\\x  day. 

Our  coal  field  is  situaiud  on  the  head  waters  of  the 
Schuylkill  and  the  Svvatara,  and  the  surface  may  bo 
described  as  broken  into  high  hills  and  deep  ravines. 
Many  of  these  cross  the  country  in  a  direction  nearly 
at  right  angles  with  the  com  so  of  the  veins  of  coal, 
hence  rendering  access  tu  tin  ui  very  easy. 

COAL    ?.I1MNG, 

To  procure  coal  fr<nn  one  of  these  veins,  a  point; 
is  fixed  upon  where  it  crosses  a  ravine,  and  an 
opening  is  iiiade  in  ihe  vein  at  such  a  height 
t|iat  the  waWv  coming  out  oi  it  may  freely  pass  olf 
ijito  tUi;  adjoimng'  slream.      This  opening   may  b<^ 


^ 


346  riisTOHY  cr  schuylkill' county. 

about  si>:  er  seven  i'eet  square — is  well  secured  by 

timber    and    is   cmuinued  liorizontally   througb    ibfe  I ; 

earth  and  solt  coal,  rvhieh  is  usually  found  near  tlie  ^j, 
out-crop  of  the  vein.     In  tliis  opening  or  "  driJV'  ;ts 
it  isteciinicailyc.alled,a  railroad  is  laid  and  continued 

alter  the  workmen,  as  thoy  proceed,  and  when  ihey  J.J; 

■have  penetrated  so  far  into  the  vein  that  the  coal  is  i: 

fotind  hard  enougb.  to  be  transported  to  nuukei,  ibe  ? 

inining  commences.     The  methods  of  anining  vary  i' 

according   to  circuinslances— ^we    will  describe  one.  * 

The  reader  Aviil  imagine  a  bed  of  solidcoal,  say  si\  j' 

feet  thick  iji  cross  sections,  lying  inclined  in  the  earili,  j 

at  an  angle  of  thirty  degrees,  resting  on  a  grey  ^laiey  | 

rock,  call'jd,  '•  b(.-tl(.jn  a/dfe,"  and  covered   by  a  bed  | 

•of  black  slate,  calli.d  •'  /op  shile'' — tliis  latter  lo  con-  i 

sist  of  one  immense  contimiuiis  mass,  with  but  few  I' 

fissures  in  it.     These  strata  of  coal  and  slale,  i)r(  .serve  t 

tlieir  thickness  or  \);irallelism, or  nearly  so.  Inio  the  .^. 
bed  of  coal  an  opening,  or  "  drift  "  has  heeu  m;;.l(-,  as 
above  described,  say  at  the  do])th  of  200  feet  bel.  v 
tJie  "  oui-crop/>!Hi('^  of  the  coal  on  the  top  of  lln'  hill. 
at  a  poini  on'!!.'  ^i^le  of  this  drilt  towards  the  rue  ..f 
the\;oal.     An  upt.ning  is  cut  into  the  coal  six  1"<  et 

wide,  and  extending  iVom  slate  to  slate.     This  o\m\-  ^^ 

ing  may  be  conlinued  u]i  lifteCn  I'eet — it  is  then  v.-iden-  ^^ 

ed  out  to  forty  led,  and  a  trough  or  sc/nife  of  plank,  ^^s 

Siiy  lour  feet  wide,  is  laid  in  it.     The  lower  <  nd    of  h 

diis  trough  is  placed  higli  enough  for  a  small  or  drift  f 

ctir  (usually  containing  about  one  ton  of  coal)  lo  pa<:s  | 

under  it.     The  coal  is  tben  loosened  by  cutting  aw^y  ^ 

a  portion  of  it  next  to  the  bottom  slate  wiib  small  I 

picks,  or  as  it  ofien  liappens,  there  is  a  thin  straunnnl  f 

soft  carbonaceous  slale   near  the  bottom  of  tbe  bed  t 

which  is  cut  away,  mstead  of  the  coal.     This  ;.pora-  V 

(.ion  is  railed  underndning,  and  is  extended  livr  o'^iv  | 

feet  under  ;hc  body  if  the  coal  (whieii  is  icm;'>'ni'-;ly  j 

3upi)orted  by  snuOl  pro])s)or  as  far  is  thougbi  .  ife  bi,?  1 

The  workmen.     The  portion  of  coal  thus  unde-niineil.  ^, 

is    tben    brought   down    by  means    of   wuh.s   vUifi  || 

•  '.evGi-s,  and  iVequendy   by   blasting    with    jcv.der  ^ 

$. 

%■ 


HISTORY    OP    SCHT/YI.KILL    COUNTY.  347 

AVlien  it  is  broken  siifliciently  small,  to  be  handled 
with  lacility,  it  is  placed  in  the  plank  schule,  down 
which  it  descends  by  its  own  gravity — is  readily 
passed  into  the  car,  and  diawn  out  to  the  moutli  of 
XXxQ 'drift  by  hojsns  or  iniilcs.  Tlie  '■^  to/j  slaie,"  or 
roof  of  the  iiiitio  is  ]ic\){  iVDin  scahng  off  or  injuring 
the  men  by  placing  woodL-n  props  at  suitable  inter- 
vals, and  the  space  fToin  which  the  coal  is  taken  as 
much  as  possibli;  fjled  np  with  refuse  matter.  The 
■portion  of  ihc  Acin,  above  described,  winch  we  calletl 
forty  feel  wide,  is  (tcinauinated  a  working  or 
•^'•breast,^'  and  is  ieii!  rally  (ij)eraled  in,  by  three  oi 
four  men,  and  the  co:d  is  usually  taken  out  as  far  up 
'i\iQ  breast,  as  it  i;,  ni';ii-liantal)le.  As'soonas  the  coal 
lias  been  mined  iVom  il  l<ir  a  few  yards  in  the  up- 
ward direction,  another  brvu.st  may  be  opened  at  the 
distance  of  forty  Ibet.aud  ihe  work  conducted  in  pre- 
cisely the  same  manner.  If  the  drift  before  mention- 
ed, or  '' gangiva)/,'^  as  it  is  some  times  called,  hai 
been  carried  sulilcienily  in  advance,  the  breasts  may 
be  opened  one  after  another,  sd  that  the  gangs  of  men 
working  iu  them  may  appear  like  a  large  eompany 
vof  mowers,  cxtemiing  t'rom  the  drift  or  gangway  int-o 
the  extreme  upt)er  jm  ii.  This  kind  of  mining  is  tech 
ideally  termed  '•  working  above  the  water-level." 
The  water-l(3vel,  meaning  in  miner's  language,  tlie 
lowest  point  in  a  bed  o(  coal,  from  which  the  watei 
•will  run  into  the  adjacetit  streams,  and  must  of  course 
vary  exceedingly  witli  the  diiferent  localities.  It  nmst 
'be  evident  that  by  an  airaugement  of  this  kind,  a  great 
number  of  hands  can  be  t;m))loycd  in  a  nnne  when- 
'Bver  the  demand  for  coal  will  warrant  it,  and  also 
•tliat  it  can  be  M'orke;i  by  a  very  few.  .Vs  was  belbre 
•observed,  there  aic  sevuial  oibm-  ])lans  of  mining 
suited  to  the  Ciiciiinslanc:  ^i  of  ihe  iliU'erent  veins  oi 
'Coal. 

In  mining  below  the  wiua-level,  after  deciding  u}'- 
'dn  some  suitable  jinint  J.r  the  works,  an  inclined 
■fih.i'',  or  ^'  .Aopc,,'^  as  it  iii  c^junnoidy  called,  is  worke<3 


348  iilSTOUV    OF    SCHUYLKILL    C0UNT1«. 

down  the  Led  of  coal  to  any  depth  thought  desirabli.-, 
(which  wo  i)iay  state  at  275  feet,)  and  wide  enougli 
for  a  double  tiaci:  railroad,  and  pump  barrell,  say 
eighteen  feet.  Ai  the  top  of  this  slope  a  steam  eriginc 
must  be  erected  of  sufUcient  power  to  draw  up  the 
coal  and  })ump  up  the  water.  Near  the  bottoni  of 
this  slope,  drifts  or  gangways,  are  worked  izito  tho 
coal,  to  the  right  and  left,  in  which  railroads  are  hud; 
and  the  whole  process  of  mining,  &c.,  is  conducted  iii 
precisely  (he  same  manner  as  above  water-level,  ex.- 
cept  that  the  coal  is  hauled  by  horses  to  thu  botloni 
of  the  sloi)e  only,  and  is  afterwards  drawn  up  into 
day-light  by  the  steam  engine  at  the  top. 

Having  t;uw  -Avcn  our  readers,  as  preliihiiiary, 
sullicieni  iijfurniation  to  induct  tliem  into  thi3  pLCuli- 
arities  of  our  operations,  we  shall  proceed,  in  conueu- 
tioii  with  tin;  toj;(-graphy  of  our  region,  to  giv'3  a 
partiqulur  dcrcriplion  of  the  ditferent  mines. 


yOIIUYfJULL  VALLEY  DISTIUCT. 


Tl)e  coal  lii  s  in  veins  between  the  red  slialu  of  iha 
Broad  mountain,  and  that  of  the  Sharp  mountain. 
The  Avidih  of  ihe  basin  decreases  materially  as  it  pro- 
gresses cast,  th.is  carrying  out  coni})letely  the  form  of 
an  6lip:bis,  which ci)cles  about  at  Mauch  Clundi, wliera 
the  coal  is  found  at  the  narrowest  point,  in  one  coni- 
j)lete  mass. 

In  undertakijig  a  description  of  this  coal  field,  we  i 

have  taken,  in  only  that  portion,  for  our  present  arti-  ^ 

cles,  which  rcscsbeiween  the  hue  of  the  Little  ScliUyl-  \ 

kill  Couipany's  land  at  Tuscarora,  and  the  Swataru.  \ 

We  shall  then  conunence  at  Tuscarora  and  folUnv  the  \ 

range  of  veins  in  a  westerly  direction  imtil  we  hava  1 

com] titled  our  task.  l 

The  Schuylkill  Valley  district  is  penetrau-d  ia  i\ 
direction  almost  parallel  with  the  veins  for  a  distanoo 
of  ten  mitos  by  Ihe  river  Schuylkill.     'I'he  canal  ceas(:'i 


rilSTOUY    OF    SCHLYI.KltL   COUNTY.  349 

tit  Port  Carbon,  and  die  ouly  way  of  reaching  the 
boats  with  the  coal,  is  Ly  means  of  the  Schuylkill 
Valley  railroad,  which  exiends  along  the  course  of 
the  stream  the  wiiolo  length  of  the  district.  Tiiis  com- 
pany was  first  chartered  in  1828  as  a  Navigation 
Company,  to  l)e  styled,  "The  Schuylkill  Valley  Na- 
vigation Company."  The  act  authorizing  them  U:) 
lay  a  railroad  WHS  not  passed,  however,  until  Janu- 
ary, 1829,  and  the  road  was  not  commenced  until 
some  time  during  that  year.  It  has  always  been  sup- 
posed, and  no  man  v/ho  r.nderslands  the  topography 
of  the  district,  can  doabi  il,  that  this  road  wdl  in  a 
short  time  become  the  inrst  important  and  valuable 
in  the  whole  dihlrict^  und  the  reason  for  this  opinion 
is  easily  explaiiKxI.  'I'Ik;  railroad  follows  the  direc- 
tion of  the  stream  fur  U.n  miles  as  before  stated — this 
road  crosses  fmm  twelve  to  fifteen  natural  ravines 
which  penetraie  the  whoK^  basin  at  right  angles  with 
the  veins.  Each  ravine  will  thus  develope  nearly  as 
mucli  coal  field  as  either  of  the  Other  railroads  in  the 
county,  and  all  that  is  requireil  for  the  ])ur[)ose  of  in- 
ducing this  con.-,o(pn  IV  e  j:.  the  construction  of  a  good 
hnd  permanent  railway  in  the  stead  of  the  present. 
Up  these  ravines  are  laid  several  railroads,  of  which 
we  shall  speak  in  their  order— but  to  proceed  with 
our  intention. 

The  first  colliery  at  the  eastern  eud  of  the  district, 
is  at  the  head  of  the  Schuylkill  Valley  railroad— is 
worked  in  at  the  foot  oil  the  LoCust  mountain  above 
Tuscarora,  and  is  culled 

THE  TUSCAIJOUA   COLLIEKIES. 

The  property  upon  \vli..ii  these  collieries  are  loca- 
ted belongs  to  the  Schuylkill  Bank— it  contains  about 
406  acres,  and  extends  in  width  from  the  Sharp  lo 
the  Locust  mountain,  and  reaches  in  length  about  1 1 
miles  on  the  range  of  the  veins.  The  distance  from 
tl>i   ^:ioath  of  the  diift  to  the  shipping  point  at  Port 


350  lii^roity  of  Schuylkill  county.  ! 

Carbuii.  i.-s  icn  ij.ilcs.  Tlie  openings,  as  we  boh  ! 
stated,  are  made  iu  the  Locust  mountain,  and  tI;,;  \ 
veins  arc  supjxjsxd  lu  be  tlie  sameasthose  Ibundin  tb.r  \ 
Broad  uioi^nLdi,,  at  New  Castle.  These  veins  (thr  j 
JuguL'.r  avA  Daniels)  follow  the  course  of  the;  Broad 
mouiilaiu  e;>,>i\vardly  to  Patterson,  where  it  intersects  ] 
with  tlie  Loca.st  mountain.  The  Broad  mountain  at  i 
dial  i)oint  l>;,iv(^  the  direction  and  takes  a  n.)ril!-onst-  I 
crly  cu.iisi^  and  iIkj  ].ocust  mountain,  being  ibe  rec'i- 
lar  prnionaalion,  carries  the  same  veins  on  to  'i'aina- 
.|ua.  Tbo  opening  ui)on  the  veinsismade  by  a  iun- 
nell,  wbi.di  ;^  i  7  3  yards  in  length,  and  crosses  thiv- 
veins--tbc  (irria  Vein, another'White  Ash  Vein,  and 
the  Tuscarnra  \  cin,  averaging  in  thicloie.-s  0  feot 
each.  The  iaitci  ol' these  veins,  is  the  ]jriiir-ij>al  cm 
now  Wdikcat— ii  has  been  oj)erated  in  for  12  y^cn^'. 
by  Wallace  ic  Co.,  who  have  driven  the  gar;gv/av 
for  900  yards  and  have  taken  out  from  it  an  inHnehr>e 
qiiantuy  of  excellent  coal.  These  mines  aro  ijov 
leased  by  Mi\  James  Palmer,  wlio  in  1842  and  18-13 
mhied  from  it  about  6000  tons  yearly.  Mr.  Pabia-  J 
inform.,  us  dial  if  tho  vein  is  in  good  order,,  and  d.<'i  | 
atate  of  the  iiiboad  such  as  to  permit  it,  be  roidii  ' 
mine  and  bciid  to  market  10,000  tons  of  coal  annuCl-  | 
ly  from  the  Tuscarora  vein.  These  veins  all  pitch  | 
soutli  about  0  3  degi-ees,  and  conmiand  about  1,'Ofeo:  | 
al  brea.-.iing  ad!o\e  the  v/ater-level. 

bEl  dONT  COLLIERIES.  j 

I 
These  collieries  are  located  upon  the  Valley  raib  1 
road,  about  one  nnle  west  from  'i'uscarora,  and  nine  I 
miles  fium  i\.n  Carbon,  near  the  point  wlicie  dir  ) 
railroad  iru.^/es  ilir  SclmvlKiH.  The  tract,  whi'di  be-  \ 
longs  to  Sanmei  B.ll,  Esep,  of  Reading,  ci.nt.vins  be- 
tween 400  and  500  acres.  The  veins  have  a  nerd. 
puch  of  about  80  degrees,  are  from  4  to  7  feet  in 
thickness,  and  ccnnnand  about  GO  feet  breasting. 
Tbcs.;  roiues  arc  apcrated  in  by  Aquilla  Boli':u.E;.^(i., 


mSTOUV    Oi     o.iICYLKil.i   COUNTY;  351 


and'arciJi  fn'st   rate  working  order.     There  arc  al- 
ready opened  v\^o\\  iliis  Iraet  two  veins,  in  addition 
to  wliieh  live  more  iiave  lieen  proven,  which  can  be 
opened  at  uny  time  when  ii  may  be  deemed  advisa- 
i  ble.     '1^1  le  openings  have  been  made  a  distance  of  350 
:  yards  on  each  vein,  in  addition  to  which  is  abont  40 
?  y^rds  of  ti.nnei  cmiing  across  two  veins.     Tlie  dis- 
•taiice  between   (lu;    venis  is  about  lU   yards..     The 
range  of  veins  extend:-;  through  this  tract  for  abont  1.1 
^  Utiles,  and  jndging  iVom   ihtrnnndjer  ah'eady  proven, 

f'  along  with'  their  eWfut,  ilie  supply  of  coal  which 
might  be  denvid  jtuo  lii'.-  land  is  almost  incalcula 
m  ble.  There  can  be  mined  from  each  vein  at  present, 
30  tons  per  day,  and  with  ihe  proper  encouragement, 
fe  and  a  good  raih'.  ad,  tln^  ;, mount  might  be  increased 
to  a  nmcli  grealiu-  ratio.  Mr.  Jiolton  is  one  of  om 
jnost  enterpriznr<j<,iM.iaton,has  been  for  many  year^ 
engaged  in  the  business,  autl  is  the  proprietor  of  sev 
eral  valuable  collieries  m  this  district,  of  which  we 
sliall  speak  in  their,  turn. 

KiN.si. IVY'S  i;()ij>ii::Rncs. 

.  The  next  muios  in  order  is  a  new,  working.,  com 
menced  by  Mr.  Hugh  Kinsley,  of  Port  Carbon,  upon 
the  llobb  &  Wiiiebi-riuer  tract,  about  Ci  miles  fronr. 
Port  Carbon,  in  a  spur  of  die  Sliarp  mountain,  called 
the  ]3ear  Kidge.  The  atuunpt  was  made  a  nunibei 
of  years  ago  to  work  this  nnne  by  B.  Patterson,  Ks^., 
but  as  the  vein  ;ippeurcd  to  be  very  small,  the  work 
ing  v/as  deserted. 

The  vein,  as  Mr.  Kinsley  has  now  opened  it,  i? 
about.  4  feet  \\ncK,  and  of  a  south  pitch,  lie  lias 
made  about  7n  yards  'n  dril\  into  the  vein,  and  has? 
about  120,  f<;et  Iruasiiug.  The  coal  ia  a  red  ash,  and 
is  su Imposed  lo  bo  the  Snclni  Vein.  The  reason  f (  i 
Uiis  belief,  in  addidcn  lo  ihu  qiudity  and  appearam-.. 
of  the  coal,  which  i',  i.dci.tical,  As  the  existence  in  th  a 
tr.;  ;tj  of  a  siuaulni  r:;;uurj,  w^ch  oidy  av.'Compani.  ? 


Jj2  lIibTOUY    OK    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY. 

tiiat  vein.  This  is  a  small  vein  of  coal,  not  moietl' 
9  inches  thick,  which  always  overlays  the  main  vc' 
and  Ircqueutly  serves  to  disliearten  operalor^  v'i 
the  bchet  that  they  have  Ibmid  the  principai  vi  i 
It  was  this  veni,  or  « the  Leader  of  tiie  Sr.uhii  "  -^ 
IS  called,  which  occasioned  the  desertion  oi'ihi'^  tru 
many  years  ago  ;  the  miners  mistook  th.;  Av/, /,./,; 
the  principal  vehi,  and  abandoned  it  on  arcmn 
Its  unprohtableness.  Mr.  Kinsley  has  about  1 20 y.,,- 
of  lateral  road  to  connect  )iis  mines  with  the  nrn 
road,  m  addition  to  wlii<-h  he  has  alread-/  ]aid"=\'' 
feet  of  plank  f,;ad,and  101  yards  of  timlnnV-^d  j'li 
length  ol  ra.n-(.  ujjon  the  vein  is  U'  nnlco. 

Fiv I'^EMAiN'S  C0LLIEKIES. 

_  Proceeding  down  the  railroad, 'the  next  opr,aM.,i 
IS  H  .small  working  made  into  the  hill,  on  ibe  north  0 
tli'eroad,wbont  j  mile  above  ]\r:ddleport,and  G}  nCw 
from  Port  Carbo.i.  This  operatioii  is  carra  d  ,n  U 
Mr.  Patrick  Freeman.  The  vein  is  called  th.  .S,,,,!,: 
Vem--van.;s  m  thickness  from  4  to  7  fed,  and  is  .", 
a  south  pilch.  This  work  was  first  commencul  a  bon't 
twelve  years  ago,  hut  abandoned;  it  wa5  rL-coni 
menced  in  1S4;3,  by  Mr.  Freeman,  who  has  now  pen". 
etratedthehillto  the  extent  of  200  yard-  and  ha. 
taken  ironi  ilie  vein  a  coiiMdorable  qnaniuy  of^ood 
merelrantable  coal.  '       " 

Between  Pre. man's  mines  and  Middlepoii  thr-i. 
are  no  nitervcning  collieries.  At  Middlu.oit  tlicr- 
occurs  a  long  ravine,  at  right  angles  with  die  vein? 
^irough  winch  runs  the  CascaAViUiam  creek.  iMessr'^' 
Olwme  &  Davhs  laid  a  railroad  along  this  crck,  about' 
/ive  years  and  a  half  ago,  winch  is  now  in  lolerall-^ 
good  order  and  .erves  as  a  medium  ibr  the  iran.per' 
i^nion  ol  all  tlu.  ,„,a  ji,a,ed  ni  its  course.  ^ 


pi?rv^ 


.V'  msU'OKY    i;r    SCHUYLKILL  COUNTY.  Joli^ 

iJUEN'S  COLLIERIES. 
'  i 

*  'r\\e  i\r'.it  cnliior>  we  arrive  at  in  passing  up  thib- 
road  is  that  wurkoa  by  Mr.  Herny  Uren,  wlio  lias 
opened  tu-o  diitis  ujion  the  Si)ohn  &  Lewis  veins, 
at  a  di^lanco  ot  abmit  luilt"  a  mile  from  the  valley- 
railroad.  Thcso  M^ovkii  gs  were  connnenced  in  the 
fall  of  ISl-j.  and  have  licen  continued  successfully 
and  i)roritaLly  ever  iinjo.  The  Spohn  vain,  at  tin,':: 
point,  averages  in  thickness  from  four  to  eleven  fei,!, 
and  the  Lewis  vein,  I'rui/i  four  to  four  and  a  half  feet. 
Both  workings  arc  in  excellent  order,  and  the  quality 
X)f  the  coal  is  uiioxceptiouahle.  The  height  of  breast- 
ing upon  the  Sj^ohn  vein  is  ninety  yards — upon  the 
Lewis  fifty  yards.  The  gangway  has  been  driven  ui) 
the  Spohn,  to  a  distanci.-.  of  300  yards,  and  on  the 
■  Lewis  about  iiOO  yards— hoth  veins  are  of  a  north 
Jiileh.  Ah-.  Uicn  irlU  n  ihai  if  the  demand  woul<5 
warrant  it,  and  llu;  ;  lilioad  to  Port  Carbon  was  such 
as  to  permit  it,  he  coidd  mine  and  send  down  fri>ni 
•each  vein,  at  lea.st  sixty  tons  per  day.  This  properly 
t)elongs  to  the  Vdllry  Furnace  Tract,  and  is  leased 
"by  Mr.  Uren. 

THOMPSON  &  pi:?. NMAN'S  COLLIERIES. 

The  next  colliery  in  regular  order  as  we  pass  up 
'the  Casca-Williani  ruad,  is  'I'hompson  &  Pennman':::. 
who  are  operating  ou  th>'.  ,dJ(un  Siahl  tract,  in  the 
Veins  which  were  .spjiu  :i  by  J.  C.  Circovius,  about 
four  years  agn  'l'ii!':C  v'.  ins  are  supposed  to  be  Ih-.': 
Peacli  mountain  vei.;s-  ihe  coal  is  red  ash,  of  su|)l- 
•jiof  ipialiiv.,  ;;.nd  1.;'-:;  a  hijh  reputation  abroad.  Ti  ■ 
pitch  of  the  vcui  is  incguk.r.  Messrs.  Thompson  k 
•Pennni.ui  ar;^  now  working  the  drifts,  desigtiaied  .s 
No.  I,  and  No.  ;d.  Tiicyliave  penetrated  about  :jr.a 
.y  ,  J  ;  into  u;..cli,  Mud  are  t.king  out  beautiful  coal 
VV 


354  HISrCiRY    0.-    hCIIUYLKILL    COUNTS. 


iMTRICl'L'S    COLLIERIES.  ^  J 

These  ;|ic  cumcd  on  by  Mr.  John  Patrick,  \vliO  : 

connects  v/ilh  the    Casca-William's  road,  by  about  \ 

half  a  mile  of  lateral  railway,  and  is  about  one  mile  \ 

from  Miildlcport.     Tac  vein,  which  is  hi  good  ordrr,  _ 

and  producing  exocli'  ut  coal,  is  about  4^  feet  llji:;l:,  \ 
cMiimanils  fiO  v^ird.,   /f  breasting,  and  is  worked  in. 

by  gangway,  'to   tli.    distance  of  about  200   yr.r'ls  . 

Tlie  property  upon  which  these  mines  are  locn.ted,  •; 

belongs  to  Mei*rs.  'I'nms  &  McCanles,  and  is  estimat-  _ 
cd  as  valuable. 

As  we  proceuvl  up   the   Casca-AVilliam's  road,  ili'^ 

next  and  L.ol  colliery  we  arrive  at,  is  ' 

THE  MIISIC    HALL  COLLIERIES. 

These  uunes  ii:e  worked  ))y  Messrs.  Spayd  &  hv., 
iher,  at  the  extitiuie  end  or  head  of  the  Casca-Wil- 
liam's road,  abo.it  2  nnles  from  Middleport.  Th^ 
term  "Music  Hall,"  origmated  thus — one  of  fne 
houses  buid  upon  the  land  was  occupied  by  a  nLira- 
ber  of  GermaUN,  who  papered  one  of  the  rooms,  (ai: 
unusual  thmg  in  diai  district)  and  anrused  tliemselves 
in  that  ro.nn  v/itl.  .arious  rnusical  instrumenl^— 
hence  the  name.  Messrs..  Spayd  &  Luther  are  wnri,- 
mg  but  one  vein.— it  is  first  quality  white  ash,  aiMl 
is  known  as  the  Raven  vein.  Tliis  vem  is  twent/ 
feet  thick,  jdiches  nearly  perpendicular,  and  is  v,  ork- 
ed  difl'erently  fn-m  miy  other  vein  in  the  region. 
They  have  already  penetrated  into  the  vein  a  distaiic^i 
,)f  about  lialf  a  miic.  and  taken  out  irom  it  , in  im- 
mense quantity  of  excellent  coal.  Messrs.  S  lv  L. 
Jjave  Greeted  a  plivtform  at  their  mines  for  bn  .king 
oal,  x4M\  u  done  ujon  a   large  iron  l)lale,  about  6 


IlIi'l'uUY    OF    :^CUUVJ,KILL   COUNTY. 


355 


'eet  by  20  I'cet,  havii^g  octagoiuil  holes  the  size  of  the 
oal  they  wish*  to  prepare,  There  are  scliutes  ar- 
ringed  above  tlio  platform  for  the  purpose  of  distri- 
uting  the  coal  fairly  over  it,  and  the  wliule  arrauge- 
neiit  works  adinira.bly.  We  are  assured  tiiat  20,000 
ons  of  coal  amuially  cau  In;  mined  from  the  Raven 
vein,  if  the  dcniaud  siiould  warrant  it.  Connected 
With  this  colliery  are  18  hou.ses  for  miners'  dwelhngs, 
along  M'ith  olbur  necessary  buildings.  The  tract  con- 
itains  al;oat  2ii  acres,  nnil  is  owned  by  the  operators, 
I'here  are  several  other 


Messrs.  Spayd  lii  Latiicr, 
,veins  u},'OU  it,  of  boili  reil 
never  yet  beeir  oi;encd, 


uul  white  ash,  which  have 


r:ulroad  is,  in  whole  lengtji, 
ivupt   in  good  order  by  the 


riie  Casca-AViiiianr's 
about  two  miles,  aiul  i.: 
operatives  who  use  it. 

Passing  down  tbe  Sehuyfkill  Valley  railroad  from 
Middleport,  v\rhich  was  the  last  point  mentioned,  we 
meet  with  no  collieries  luitil  we  come  to  Lick  run,  a 
distance  of -l.i  miles  fro;ii  J'>.rt  Carbon,  and  Ij  nnles 
i\om  Mitldlcjxni.  A  l.itci'.il  ruad  is  laid  up  tliis  run 
for  a  s^)ace  of  530  yards  in  length,  atthe  extreme  end 
of  which  we  come  to 


LICK  RUN  CiJLLIERIES. 


These  veins  belong  to  tiie  Valley  furnace  tract,  and' 
are  leased  to  John  Curry,  Esq.,  who  leases  to  Whe- 
lan  &  Co.,  who  are  no  vv/^  working  tliem.  The  veins, 
which  are  two,  are  called  Peacock"  and  Peach  moun- 
tain. 'I'he  distance  bcLwocn  them  is  about  20  yards, 
widening  apart  as  the  vems  enter  the  mountain. 
Messrs.  W.  &  ('o.  arc  now  wording  the  Peacock  vein, 
by  means  of  ic  level  nbout  50  feet  above  the  first 
opening.  'V\\c  iTiscdiift  was  driven  into  the  Peacock 
vein,  wlien,  after  having  entered  the  hill  a  short  dis- 
t-unce,  a  tunnel  was  cut  across  obliquely  hia  southern 
dirci'u  )ej  wliich  siruok  tlic;  Peach  jnountahi.     Poll: 


356  iri^TGitY  or  schuylkill  county. 


I' 


veins  aje  oT  a  souih  pitch.     The  thickness  of  iLo  j 

Peacock  vein  ia  from  Ih  te  9  feet,  and  the  Peach  | 

mountain  from  6  lo  7  feet.     The  height  of  breast  from  | 

the  lower  to  the  ii)Ji)er  level  in  the  Peacock  vein  i?  } 

about  150  feet,  and  about  the  same  height  from  the  ^ 
upper  level  to  the  dut-cropping.     Tliis  would  give 
100  yards  of  bre-islmg  to  tlie  Peach  mountain  /eui, 

which  is  about  the  lieight.     These  veins  were  iirst  > 

opened  in  February^   1S44 — the  operators  have  just  ; 

got  fairly  under  way,  and  their  prospects  now  look  > 

quite  llatieritig.     The  lateral  road,  which  is  in  good  I 

order,  wa,^^  laid  b\   Mr.  Curry,  who  has  a  lease  upoil  [ 

the  veins  lor  10  years.     The  lease  authorizes  a  range  ; 

upon  the  veins  of  one  mile  in  length.  ^ 

Ik 

Returning  again  lo  the  Valley  road,  we  hnd  no  eel--  ^ 

lieries  between  Lick  run  and  tlie  Silver  crei'l:  rail-  ^ 

road,  which  con.pri^es  an  intervening  distance  (jI  b.alt  ( 

a  mile.     This  l:itter  road  is  laid  along  Silver  cix-ck  | 

for  a  distance  of  Ij  miles,  in  nearly  a  northerly  di-  ^ 

rection.     Passing  up  Silver  creek  from  the  Valley  r 

road,  the  Iirst  v/orking  we  anive  at,  is  \ 

KijsJSLEY'S  COLLIERY.  \ 

This  colliery  is  located  about  300  yards  froin  die  ' 
Valley  r;n[road,  and  is  worked  in  the  hill  m  an  east- 
erly direction.     The  vein  is  called  the  Palmer  vx'in.,  \ 
from  the  fact  that  it  was  first  worked  by  that  estima- 
ble and  enterprizing  pioi'ieer  of  the  trade,  Dr.  CI.  G. 
Palmur.     The  vi'in  was  first  opened  by  Spen  :er  Iv 
Lawler,  about  five  years  ago.     It  was  then  lea!:;;;!! 
by  DougliLity  ^  Coialian,  who  operated  in  till  last 
March,  '«vlien  Mr.   Kinsley  connrienced  working  ii. 
The  gangway  lias  been  driven  east  a  distance  of  1 3(^  ; 
yards,  and  commaiids  about  150  feet  of  breasting  llie  ' 
whole  of  that  distaiM.e.     'I'he  coal  is  an  exceinii  re'!  ■■ 
asl],  and  at  prjs>ent  is  3]   I'vct  thick  in  the  br.  c'Suiig.  ' 
The  property  is  ov/ned  by  the   ValU-y  fiuiiu    '  /.•om  f 


HUTOir/-    or    bCUUi'LKILL  COUNTY.  357 

pany,  and  exteiiJ.-s  in  a  range  with  the  vein  to  Lick 
'    run,  a  distanco  oi'abuu  SOo  yards. 

The  next  collif.iy  vve  arrive  at  wliilst  passing  u{' 
t   Silver  creek,  is 
% 

WII.LlA:\fS  &i    DIVIS'  COLLIERY. 

Tliis  is  located  at  the  VaUey  furnace,  ahout  200 
yards  above  Kinf^ley's,  and  inniiediately  wliere  th;^ 
stage  road  to  AiiddU-port  crosses  Silver  creek.  Tiiis 
vien  was  opened  many  years  ago,  and  was  abandon- 
ed. It  was  leased  by  the  present  firm,  about  two 
years  ago,  and  they  have  been  operating  in  it  since 
that  period.  They  liavc  but  one  opening — the  co;d 
is  red  ash,  of  good  quality — three  feet  in  thickness, 
seventy  feet  lieasting,  and  pitches  south.  The  vein 
has  ben  worked  to  u  distance  of  2S0  yards  eastward- 
ly,  and  commands  an  additional  range  of  about  600 
yards  before  reaching  Lick  run,  which  is  the  boun- 
dary. AVUhains  .iv  Davis  lease  this  vein  from  tli. 
Valley  Furnace  iraci. 

Between  this  colliery  and  the  head  of  the  Silvei 
creek  railroad,  there  are  several  new  openings  which 
have  been  ialely  made  by  Mr.  Gideon  Bast,  ol 
Schuylkill  Ikiven.  The  veins  are  red  and  white  ask'. 
ai-e  in  excellent  order,  and  promise  to  become  valua- 
ble and  prohtable  ccllienes.  Mr.  Bast  is  busily  en- 
gaged hi  perfecting  the  operations,  and  making  all  the 
necessary  improveni.ents  for  the  purpose  of  getting 
them  fairly  under  way  ;  and  we  shall  therefore  deiet 
a  more  lengthy  notice  until  such  time  as  the  arrange- 
ments shall  be  ■,one!iided.  The  property  upon  whicli 
these  veins  are  located,  is  owned  by  jMessrs.  Anspacli, 
of  Phikideiphia.  The  next  vehis  we  come  to  are 
those  located  at  Die  head  of  Silver  creek  railroad,  nud 
known  a^. 


35S  insTOuv  OF  schuylkill  county. 


SILVER  CREEK  COLLIERIES. 


These  collieries  arc  can-ied  on  by  Messrs.  i\Iyejs  « 

Si  Allen,  of  Port  Cm  bon,  and  are  valuable  and  e\tcn-  | 

sive  workings.     TIkj  disUince  from  the  mines  to  the  * 

Valley  Rail  Road,  is  4'  miles,  making  tlie  wlmlc  di;i.  | 

tance  froni  the  })oint  of  shii)nient  (Port  Garhon)  54  | 

miles,     Messrs.   lUyurs  &  Allc-n  are  workiiij-   iluec  | 

veins,  called  the  Skidmore,  the  Raven,  and  the  Silly-  * 

man  veins.     Thuy  all  pitch  south  about  80  degrees,  V 

and  are  workeil  in  the  same  manner  as  tlatter  vein?.  ^ 

are,  viz  :  in  breasts,  by  means  of  propping,  &ic.     The  | 

height  of  the  breasting  on  the  Raven  and  Sillynun  r'?  | 

about  100  yauls — on  the  Skidmore  about  83  yaius.  ^ 

Tiie  length  of  j.iijgu  upon  the  veins,  according  to  (he  I 

lease,  is  aboui    if  miles.     The  Skidmore  vein  is  the  I 

farthest  north   on  this   tract,  and  the   Sillymau  tiic  | 

farthest   south.     Tlie  Skidmore  is  worked  in  a  Tresi-  | 

ern  dirociion  11  om  the  ravine,  and  the  other  two  are  f 

worked  in  an  Last(^rn  direction.     The  Skidmoru  ]s  U  !> 

feet  thick— the  Raven  17  fuet,  and  the  Sillynian  x^2  | 

feet — all  in  excellent  order,  and  producing  si.me  ul  | 

the  best  white  [ish  coal  sent  to  market.     'I'hc  Slrid^  | 


more  has  been  worked  to  a  distance  of  five  hundred  I 

yards,  the  Raven  live  hundred  yards,  and  the  Siiiy-  I 

man,  six  handn:d  yards.     The  produce  of  the  two  ;' 

latter   veins  is   all   brought  out   through  one  upQU-  f, 

ing.     They  having  l)een  reached  by  tunneling.     The  | 

distance  between  t!ie  Sillymau  and  Raven  being  Lni  ^ 

11  yards,  it  requiied  but  one  length  of  tunnel  from  I 

the  openinar  made  m  the  former  to  reach  the  killer.  I 

IVTcssrs.  Myers  &  ililen  have  M  miners'  1ious'j.:>,  v/orlr  f 

shopSj  powder  .magazines, stabling,  &c.,  &lc.,  ;at;i,c]ied  i 

to  the  operations,  which  appear  to  be  carri(;d  on  in-  | 
dnstriously  ;ind  niJihodically.     We  are  assnrvd  tiuu 
.'f  the  demand  would  warrant  it,  these  g..'.;nluiue!.> 


inSTOr-i^    OF    SCIIUYI-KILL   COUNTY. 


355 


:  Eed  to  thc'-Vall.y  Furnace  Tract,  and  is  Ica.ecl 

of  tliat  coi.ipau/  by  the  preseat  operators. 
L      We  now  rri.uii  lo  .Ke  junction  of  tlie  Silver  creek 

!  ironi  Port  CarboK,  an  ,  pa..  down  ^^«  J^^^  J'^^ 
'  for  one  iDile,  to  tks  ir.icl  known  as  he  l^'^^'ow  & 
■  Fvan^  tract.  The  veins  ai  this  ponrt,  liave  nearly  all 
[  S  w  kcd  out  above  v.ater-level,  and  with  the  ox- 
;  ce^Ln  of  two  opening.,  wh.ich  are  worked  ioi  Mi,. 

toct  without  the  aid  of  stationary  enguies,  and  we 

i:y       '         THE  UMOK  COLLIERIES. 

,     These  collieries  aro  now  worked  ^^y'^^^essrs.  Wib 
Hals  &8illynian,  who  le..ed  the  tract^tth^^^^^ 
die  of  February,  lS-14,  (roni   the    Mes^is.    lunsity 
The  veins  aredie  Spohn  and  ^^^^^^  ^^^^r^^'^ 
worked  below  the  w.ter.-level,by  ineans  ot  a^^f  ^lo 
Tv  en-ine,  which  islocated  about  hal   way  betwee 
Sre  twS  openuigs.     'inns  engine  was  irst  put  np  by 
Aden  &  LawtSn,  for  the  purpose  ot   working   th 
Lew  s  vein,  do  wn  winch  a  slope  of  70  yards  has  bee  j 
w^    I     Some  nine  alierwards  a  perpendicular  siaU 
va    sunken  on  the  Spolm  vein,  (which  lies  about  tO 
•^  "unah  of  the  Lewis,)  and  the  engine  was  i.v 
Ic  rod.  for  the  purpose  of  working  both  veins       tu. 
Ia.no  time.     T.His  shaft  was  put  down  under  the  o  - 
:  P  of  TW3..  J.  Riag..ayjr.,  an  cxpeueiiced  euu'- 


350  III^TOIlV    vr    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTV. 

neer  of  this  caiKity,  and  is  found  to  work  admirably, 
It  is  about   120  feet  ])erpendicular,  and  the   coal  is 

raised  to  tlic  top  of  the  shaft,  which  is  about  40  feet  I? 

above  the  raihoad,  by  means  of  chains  and  pulleys,  |  ' 

worldng  from   a   drum  in  tlie  engine  house,     'i'he  I 

chain  is  345  feet  in  length,  and  is  made  strong,  and  |.: 

capable  of  bearing  a  heavy  weight.     Tlie  lessees  loll  |^ 

us  that  the  chain,  broke  some  time  since,  w.hen  the  |. 

car  laden  with  coal  was  about  —  from  the  bottem  of  |^ 

the  shall,  and  the  crash  was  tremendous,  the  car  be-  1* 

ing  broken  into  a  liiousand  splinters.      No  person.  |. 

however,  was  injured,  and  we  are  assured  by  the  op-  |v 

erators  that  they  have  not  had  the  slightest  accident  r 

to  occur  aliout  thqir  mines,  from  tbc  period  when  they  1:. 

first  topk  charge  .,f  tlienu     'J'his  we  thought  rather  |^ 

singular,  as  the  lust  impression  was,  that  (he  working  U 

of  a  perpendicular  shaft  would  be  nmcli  more  da  nger-  p 

Qus  than  any  cnher.     lioth  veins  will  average  more  U 

than  four  feet  in  tliiekness.     They  pitch  south  of  the  |' 

Spolm  25  degrees,  and  thp   Lewis  3;3  degrees.     The  t. 

Lewis  vein  is  now  idle  and  nearly  tilled  with  waier.  1 

The  oparalives  may  choose  to  work  it  again  at  some  |; 

future  day,  biif   dp  not  design  doing  so  at  pn^scnt ;  }' 

both  veins  have  been  worked    about   530  yards  in  | 

length,  and  the   whole   length  of    range  permits  a  U 

working  of   JJOO  yaids      The  coal  liom  the  Spobn  i 

vein  when  brought  to  the  top  of  the  shait,  is  unloaded!  | 

ipto  a  scljute  and  by  means  of  screans,  brakers,  &c.,  I 

is  prepared  for  shipiuent  by  the  tipie  it  reaches  ihe  ^,. 
bottom.     Tlie  engiiuj  used  for  hoisting  and  i)umping, 

is  of  30  horse  power,  \Yas  made  by  Haywood  &  Sny-  [ 

der,  and  is  said  to  bo  one  of  the  very  best  pieces  of  f 

machiuei-y  in  the  couniry.  I 

The  surrouuding  liouses  upon  the  tract,  make  qvatc;  | 

a  town  ill  ap|)earadce,  and  the  place  is  better  ki;ovvn  f- 

in  this  eounty  by  the  Welsli  name  of  "  Cun.bola,"  [. 

than  any  ether.  \* 

Oil  lb.,  same  (raet,  about  200  yards  north  of  ^V!^  J 

ijams  &  S!llyina!i.'s  weaLs,  v/e  hud  another  ei.'ilierv  1 


Illbrour    OF    SCilUYLKILL   COUNTY. 


36  J 


vrorked  also  b)'  a  stalioiniry  engine  of  about  40  horsu 
power.  It  is  cu  the  Clarkson  vein,  and  the  slope  was 
put  down  ill  1S38  or  1S39.  The  slope  was  sunken 
and  the  engine  erected  hy  the  owners,  who  leased  the 
property  to  W.  Wallace  &  Co.  These  gentlemen 
worked  the  \'ciii  for  dnee  years,  when  it  was  leased 
by  Aquilla  Jiolton,  who  is  now  prej)aring  the  mines 
for  rnort!  exteusiv^e  operation.  The  vein  is  a  mo.^t 
excellent  red-ash  coal,  from  4  to  G  feet  in  width,  and 
is  a  soiidi  pilch  of  35  degrees.  The  tract  comprises 
an  extent  of  n  bout  300  acres. 

Mr.  Bolton  is  als'j  woiking  the  Spohn  vein,  above 
the  water-level  upoii  the  same  tract. 

The  next  tract  ol  coal  land  west  of  Cumbola  io 
known  us  the  liohnont  tract.  It  is  owned  by  James 
Bell,  Es(|.,  of  Reading,  and  contains  about  650  acres. 
This  tract  comprises  within  its  limits  a  number  of  very 
valuable  veins  among  which  are  the  Salem,  Rabbit 
Hole,  Faust,  Ttmnell,  Black  Mine,  North  and  South 
Gate,  Lewis,  S[)ohiK  Palmer,  Chas.  Pott,  and  Clarl: 
son  veins.  The  ci^mpleiion  of  the  Port  Carbon  and 
Tuscarora  railway  will  add  greatly  to  the  present 
Tahie  of  the  tract. 

BFXiMONT  COLLIERIES.     . 


This  colliery  is  Avorked  by  our  fellow-townsmar!^ 
James  C.  Oliver,  Esq.,  who  leases  the  veins  froi!i 
Samuel  Bell,  Esq.,  the  owner.  The  vein  which  Mi. 
Oliver  now  works,  is  the  Lewis  vein,  and  is  about  o 
feet  thick.  It  is  in  hrst  rate  order,  and  pitches  soulii. 
The  coal  is  a  prime  red  ash,  and  cannot  be  surpassed 
by  any  vein  m  ihe  district,  for  qnality.  This  vein  is 
wofketl  by  means  oi'a  slope  and  a  stationary  engine. 
The  slcpe  \v:is  ]'nt  dov/nandthe  engine  erected  son^e 
Ciin;'  in  .laiiii;iiy,  l.s41.  The  length  of  the  slo^)';  is 
about  115  yanK.  'J'he  (jiigine,  which  is  about  fuiv; 
l''Y-j'.  po\\'er,  was  made  by  Maginnis — it  is  an  e\'  '"1 


So!i  IliST.-.i/    (!i^    SCIIUYLKir.L   COUNTV.  *  ; 

I; 

but  piece  f.l  inacliDicry,  and    the  engineer  teiLs   as      |^ , 
there  is  no  brtier  in  tiiu  country — it  lioi.sts  tli^  conl      J  ' 
and  w'o/ks  ilic  juuiiiis  at  the  same  lime.     The  i;;'.iig-      * 
way  lias  bciii  drivi'ii  m  all  about  440  feet,   that  is      >' 
about  22lj  ("ect  (iacli  sid(!  (j1' ihc  slu])e.     This  vein  has      |  . 
been  ciitii'ly  work-   I  out  abovu  tlie  water-lev  1,  1  y 
Messrs.  Bell  and   Hulton,  who  have  ojterated   ilare      , 
for  a  number  of  ycirs.     d'he   S|iohn  vein,  win;  h   i?      ? 
also   inchidiMl  Ui    Mr.   Oliver's  lease,  lies  aboui.  luO 
yards  Jiurfli  oi   ih';    [^tnvis.     It  is  from  -1^  to   o  feet      i  ■ 
thick,  and  is  iii  g\Miil  order.     This  vein  has  also  fiou      \  '■ 
worked  i-ut  .diinc  ila;  water-level,  by  JUdl  &  ll-iiMn^      ■ 
many  ycais  a2i).     Mr.   Oliver  intends  working  i,;  by      V 
means  of  a  tnui:';!,  v.hich  he  will  drive  from  his  {<rf- 
soiit  gangway  iu!i>  it,  and   will  thus  be  enabled  to      | 
work  both  minis,  aiid  draw  up  the  produce  tbrougli      I 
the  same'  ..f^pc,  imd  by  the  same  engine.     The  liji:glli       ? 
of  range  njjon  liasu  veins  is  abmit  1200  yards.  '. 

I 
Mr.  Oliver  is  ;d)ont  erecting  one  of  ]3attin's  bieair-  J 
ing  machines  ai  his ''ulliety,  which  is  one  of  the  n.-S'  I 
conjidetr  we  ln\e  i.-ver  seen,  'i'he  engine  wiiiv-h  > 
drives  ibi'  roiiii  ^  is  t>f  x^O  horse  power,  made  by  Abi-  '^ 
ginnis.  Tlit;ic  ;irc  two  setts  of  rollers — the  tci  Ji  of  ' 
the  upi)er  set  b(;iug  much  wider  apart  than  the  leclh  " 
o{  the  lo\v(n-.  Mr.  Oliver  has  iniproved  upo.i  ilia 
usual  mediod  of  screening,  by  having  a  double  .screen  ■ 
instead  ol  one  long  screen,  as  is  most  generally  ado'pt-  't 
ed.  These  screens  are  fed,  each  of  tltem,  with  a  liop-  ? 
per,  deading  from  the  breaking  machine,  and  dicre 
(ian  be  no  doabi  but  that  it  will  work  admii;diiy.  j 
The  coal,  which  is  thus  i)repared,  is  of  all  sizes,  fr.nn  ' 
pea  to  broken,  'idiis  breaking  machine  is  biiiii  ou  I 
the  side  ui  ihe  jailr.Mil,  and  is  immediately  over  die  f 
slope,  \viii.'ii  jiii.Jie.  south  in  a  dir(;(tion  mider  it.  * 
As  it  is  die  ce;;i  ui.ni  this  slojie  which  Mr.  Oli^';i  ui:  • 
tends  lu  bn.id';,  lii;  has  through  necessity,  hii  niuai  n  J 
curioiLs  nietlind  ')''  renie'dyiug  the  matttsr.  'll;e  w.i-  ; 
£'ons  are  lii.iv,  n  npM  the  to])  of  the  slo[)e,  win  ,\  diey  | 
iT:sf;  u'loii  ii  iu.oveabl'j  nlatforni   which  rises  f'/".  i.uA       \ 


IIISTOKY    OF    jCnurLKILL   COUNTY.  36S 

the  breaking  machine  so  as  to  elevate  the  car  upon 
a  level  with  the  railruad  leading  to  it.  The  car  is 
then  drawn  towards  the  machine  by  a  chain  attached 
to  a  drum,  and  v/orked  h>  the  same  engine  which 
drives  the  rc^llers. 

Mr.Olivcr's  mines  arc  supiirintended  by  Mr.  Dim- 
can  Weir,  who  is  an  cxcullcul  practical  man,  and  has 
derived  a  very  vuhialil:;  experience  in  the  business 
from  having  bi^.'ii  cucaiicd  in  mining  on  the  I^ Hue 
Hill,  and  Scliayllciil  llivcu  niilroad.  The  dislanrti 
from  1110  .Hci.iiout  r..jlii'.ii;:s  to  Port  Carbon  is  U 
■rail  OS. 

We  now  camo  to  :i  ;<ui«:  dtH'j)  ravine,  which  extciid* 
fi-om  lh«  valley  i  uho.id,  in  a  northerly  direction,  for 
a  distance  of  about  2  miles.  This  railroad  crosses 
the  veins  at  right  an-lcs,  and  developes  a  great  quan- 
tity of  coal  land  in  it,^  course.  It  forms  a  junction 
with  the  Valley  raihi)  id,  a  short  distance  below  tlie 
Belmont  collieries,  at  Lf  miles  Irom  Port  Carbon. 
The  first  working  now  in  operation  on  this  road,  as 
we  leave  the  main  a. ad,  and  go  nordi,  is  by  Mr. 
Aquilla  Bolton,  on  tlie  Spolm  vein,  lie  is  working 
out  the  ui)i)er  level,  and  is  at  present  engaged  in  r«- 
moving  pillars  of  coal,  &c.  The  Spolm  vehi  at  tins 
pohit  is  from  -U  to  5  feet  lliick— pitches  south,  and  is 
ill  good  order.  Mr.  BoUm  is  also  working  another 
vein,  a  short  distance  above  this  vein,  which  is  about 
the  same  thickness  and  pitch,  and  is  a  first  rate  red 
ash  coal.  The  next  working  in  regular  order  as  wu 
.pass  up  the  Eagle  Hill  railroad,  is 

DIVID   RlCIlArvD'S    COLLIERY. 

This  colliery  is  locaiod  .^u  Ivigle  Hill  railroad,  about 
I  of  a  milu  from  tlie  main  irack  of  the  Valley  rail 
foad.  T^Ir.  IUeh.ards  commenced  these  works  aboui 
I  years  ago,  and  has  taken  out  during  that  period  a 

Vfv;  fonsidt  rable  qnuuLily  of  good  eoal.     lleliastW' 


304  FiilbTOHY    oF    SCHUYLKILL    eOUNTT. 

drifts  Upon  Uie  s'lnic  vein,  each  commanding  aloiu 
50  yards  ol"  breasting.  He  has  driven  the  upper  level 
to  the  distance  of  300  yards,  and  the  lower  as  iar  as 
400  yards.  The  vein,  which  is  an  excellent  red  ash, 
pitches  south,  and  is  -lA  feet  thick.  This  vehi  was 
worked  many  years  ago,  hut  was  abandoned,  until 
Mr.  Richards  took  it.  It  is  attached  to  the  r^agiG 
Hill  tract,  and  the  leases  are  given  by  John  G.  Howes, 
Esq.,  of  Port  Carbon,  who,  is  one  of  the  owners,  and 
9lso  agent  for  the  tract. 

I'i'i'ZSl.MMON'S  COLLIERY. 

This  colliery  is  situated  a  short  distance  above  d.c 
last  mentioned  place,  and  about  one  mile  irom  the 
Valley  railroad.  It  is  worked  by  Mr.  James  I'itz- 
Simmons,  an  enicrpxizing  and  practical  business  man 
of  this  district.  AIj.  Fiizsimmons  is  working  a  vein 
which  is  similar  in  appearance  to  the  Peach  n  onn-  f 
tain  vein.  It  is  froju  a  to  9  feet  thick— pitches  .yMUh,  | 
and  connuands  about  SO  yards  of  breasthig.  The  f 
coal  is  a  good  r^d  ash,  and  the  vein  is  in  good  \/ork-  | 
ing  order.  The  vein  is  worked  in  to  the  distance  oi  | 
600  yards,  and  ihe  length  of  range  upon  the  vein  i^  | 
about  1000  yards.  This  vein  is  also  attached  lo  tiie  I 
Eagle  11  ill  iract.  | 

The  next  colliery  on  the  Eagle  Hill  railro  .J,  i-  | 
about  200  yards  abo\Ae  the  last  mentioned  (Fitzsiju  I 
mon's)  colliery,  und  is  called  | 

I 

'I 

This  vein  is  IrM.ed  by  E.  Q.  &  A.  Henderson,  x^Lc  ^ 

have  been  working  it  (or  about  two  years.     Tbi;  vein  f 

IS  an  excellent  red  ash,  is  from  4 1  to  5,i    feet  thick,  I 

pitclies  south,  and  is  considered  to  be  the  real  Peach  f 

Cionntidii  vein.     There  are  two  drifts  ui)on  tin.:  vein  li 

iipen  diUcr'/nt  1.  vds.  each  driit  commanding  aboiU  1; 

I' 


HENDEliSON'S    COLLIERY. 


f 


HlCTCRt    Oi?    Sr/iiUYLKILL  COUNTV.  365 

45  yards  of  breast.  Tliey  liave  Avorked  the  gangway 
on  the  lower  level  to  the  distance  of  about  400  yards, 
■and  on  the  upper  level  250  yards.  Tlie  length  of 
range  upon  this  vein  is  about  1100  yards. 

This  colliery  is  about  one  mile  from  the  Valley 
i-ailroad,  and  about  2?  miles  from  the  canal  at  Port 
Carbon.  The  faciliii(;s  foi  transportation  are  there- 
fore very  favorable: .  and  upon  the  completion  of  tlni 
new  railroad,  collieries  in  tins  neighborhood  will  pos- 
sess an  advuntageous  location.  The  Messrs.  lieu- 
derson's  colliery  is  under  the  superintendence  of  JMr. 
Charles  Henderson,  brotinr  of  the  owners,  and  from 
the  manner  in  which  iho  cnal  is  prepared  for  market, 
we  would  pre(li>;t  a  coiUinaal  and  steady  salr;.  In 
connection  with  tiicc  i].)U  s  we  would  state  that  a 
vein  of  argillaceous  iron  fjre,  about  one  foot  in  thick- 
ness, is  found  overlayiiig  ilie  lop  slate  of  the  Peach 
mountain  vein,  and  it  is  supposed  to  follow  it  the 
whole  distance  of  the  working. 

From  Henderson's  colliery  to  the  extreme  end  of 
tlie  Ivigle  Hill  railroad,  liiere  arc  several  collieries 
opened  under  die  direction  of  .1.  G.  Hewes,  and  super- 
intended by  Edward  Perry,  Joseph  Green  and  Lle- 
wellyn JVlorgan.  As  these  veins  have  been  but  late- 
ly opened,  and  as  wo  have  failed  in  ourelfort  to  pro- 
cure the  correct  distances,  &c.,  we  are  compelled  to 
give  them  this  passing  notice. 

,  Returning  to  the  point  v^^here  the  Eagle  Hill  rail 
road  branches  oif  froni  die  Valley  railroad,  Ave  then 
pursue  our  regnlar  direction  down  the  latter  without 
meeting  any  collieries  until  we  come  to  another  la- 
teral road,  which  branches  otf  from  the  main  road  at 
H'ight  angles,  and  coiUnmes  in  an  easterly  direction 
through  a  j>iece  of  low  laarsliy  ground,  for  about  a 
quarter  oi  a  KiiJo,  wlien  il  reaches  the  western  spui 
ofaliill  ic.iown  Ah  die  '•'J, ear  Ridge. '^  This  ridgt. 
contitUK  s  fiooi  luis  ()ui!,i  i;:  an  easterly  direction  un- 
bi\!;  ,:i  as  ia.r  ;■. ;   Middi.:-].!':. rl.     It  contains  a  iiuinbi  ••' 


3(l(i  HISTOKY    OF'  SCrirTYLKILL   COUNTY.  i- 

oi"  veins,  in  tlio  worlang  of  which  a  great  deal  of  crq--  |. 

iial  has  been  expenihid.     At  the  spur  of  this  ridy  e  the  1 , 

railroad  teruiinaiL's  ;it  a  working  known  as  |-- 

.)Ar\IES  iJiCKliY'S  COLLIERY.  | 


Mr,  Berry  is  worLing  a  low  level  of  the  Tnui-.i  | 

vein.     It  IS  4f'oi  ihi.'k,  pitches  sonth,  and  comnaiid.-  ! 

about  GO  yaiJb'  orid'casiing.     The  first  opening  v/as  f_^ 

mad.;  many  years   ;.mj   by  T.    Sillyman,  Esq.     Tlic  |^ 

railroad  was  l;iui  by  Mr.  Andrew   B.   ^Vilile.  ,vbc  ^ 

owns  the  proj^oiiy.     Mr.  Berry  has  worked  the  gang-  ^\ 

way  to  a  distance  of  abont  1400 yards, and  has  aixjiu  '^ 

800  yards  yet  to-  go  before  coining  tothe  line — ii  ?  tia<  i; 

been  woiking  ibis  vein  abont  one  year.  '  t, 


Returning  t((  ilr..'  junction  of  this  lateral  road  ^viii. 
the  Schu}Hnll  A^.-lley  roadjtlie  tlrst  collieries  we  coni'j 
to,  are 

TIIF.  biUFAST  COLLIERIES. 


These  colbVan  s  aie  situated  immediately  on    ih:  | 

Valley  railroad,  about  one  mile  from  Port  CaiLa-n,  ] 

and  are  worked  by  A.  Bolton  &  Co.     These  gcnde-  j  • 

men  havti  made  o])(.iiings  here  into, three  veins  -the  ^\ 

JJlack  Mine,  RaLI)it  Ifole,  and  North  Salem.     Tlie.se  f- 

vary  in  thickness  from  2',  to  7  feet,  and  have  a  soatlt  ! 

pitch  of  about  35  degiees — Uiey  haveail  been  opened  ; 

iliis  spring,  arc  in  good  order,  and  with  the  proper  ] 

facibties  could  be  made  to  yield  from  10,000  to  1 5.000  I 

ions  per  annum.     They  are  all  opened  upon  tiie  ir.ict  | 

belonging  to  Samuel  Bell,  Estp,  but  continue  on,  by  > 

right  of  a  leai-e,  tluough  the  "Junction  Tract."     The  < 

whole  length  ol"  range  is  about    1000  yards.     'J'be  j 

Coal  is  a  first  quality  rod  ash,  and  the  veins  are  so  ^ 
celebrated  and  well  known  throughout  the  trade.  That 

all  comment  fronj  us  would  be  needless.     The  Me.isrs  { 

I'olioi!  haA'c  made  the  usual  arragementS;  by  laL.iir:.  * 


I  %. 


mSTOTlY    OF    SriiifYLKlLL   COUNTT.  367 

of  breaking  platc^,  &c..  lu  prepare  their  coal  in  first 
rate  order,  lor  tlie  niarlo^t. 

Between  tlio.sc  workiiigs,  and  tlie  Eagle  Hill  rail- 
road, Uicie  are  oilier  old  openings,  wineli  liiive  not 
been  in  operiilioii  Cur  several  years.  'J'liat  they  have, 
been  extensively  wo'vlaid  at  some  past  day,  is  evr^ 
denced  hy  tlu-  innivjusc  li-ajjs  of  coal  dirt,  and  refuse 
matter,  v/hich  remains  piii  d  up  about  their  entrances, 
and  when  our  iij.'ders  l;r  r  in  mind  these  veiiis  liave 
only  been  oiJ^nUcd  in  al.ovc  water-level,  they  will 
uudeibtuiil  how  -^'r.i  ;i  mass  of  coal  still  remains  un 
worked  even  in  iLar  >j/;(l;'. 

.'AboutaOO  y.ud^  l.'io^y  the  Belfast  collieries,  uh 
come  to  anotnor  iaili  j:'(I,  which  niak»es  an.  acute  an 
gle,  at  its  junction  widi  the  Valley  railroad,  and  tra- 
verses in  an  easterh  din.ction,  the  valley  lying  be- 
tween the  "Boar  Uilyc"  and  the  Sharp  mountain. 
This  railroad  is  aljoin  >>n'j  mde  in  length,  and  was 
leased  by  Patterson  &  Sillymaii,  about  the  year  1S3G, 
The  lirst  coUiei  y  upon  this  road,  which  is  called  the 
lower  J5ear  Kulgu  liiilioad,  is 

lli:EI5Ni:!i't:i  CULLIKRY-. 

This  workiuL':  is  i.^on  two  tracts — the  drift  is  eon^ 
menced  and  driven  in  on  land  belongingto  Mr.  A 
B.White,  but  extends  into  a  tract  owned  by  Mi 
Moses  Palmer,  iVoni    winch   the  coal  is  now  mined 
The  vein  is  the  'i'unn.  I  vein,  about  4  feet  thick,  pitclu :' 
south,  and  connnands  about   30  yards  of  breasting 
The  coal  is  a  celebrated  red  ash,  of  first  quality.  Tin? 
vein  was  first  op-ned  in   J  830  or  1837,  and  was  m 
commenced  l.y  Air.  lieebnur,  in  the. spring  of  18  U> 
The  lengdi  oi'inige  upon  this  .vein  is  1200  yards,  ami 
the  mine  i.^  al  present  iii  rxcellent  order.     Thisc(i- 
liery  is  under  d.'c  siiperirnaidence  of  Mr.  James  Ber- 
ry, who   i^.  a  good  p;;!eti:id  man,  and  an  excellent 
U'-ii,  .■,-. 


3()8  in.-.Touy  op  schuylkill  countt. 

Passing  up  the  Bear  Ridge  road,  we  find  Ini  uim. 
■other  colliery  now  in  operation,  which  is  situated  al 
the  liead  of  the  road,  and  was  commenced  on  Wednes- 
day labt,  hy  Hertzog  &  Guiterman,  This  vnia  was 
opened  many  years  ago  by  Thomas  Sillyma:i;  and 
remained  idie  for  some  time  before  the  present  I'-jSci-a 
took  it. 

At  this  point,  at;  well  as  at  Ileebner'scoUieiiLS,  ai;- 
built  a  nurnber  of  miners' dwelhngs,  which  from  then 
number  and  regularity  makes  each  colliery  appear  | 
like  u  sniall  villag." — both  places  must  contait'  nearly  | 
50  houses,  | 

Mr.  .1 .  G.  liowes  is  also  working  a  vein  in  tbu  Shfirji  I 

mountai'i,  aiif  ut  a   tpuirter  of  a  mile  from  PuU  Car-  | 

bon,  on  tlie  land  belonging  to  l^ippincott  (Si  Kmh  lnlpji.  ^ 

The  co;d  is  inought  out  of  the  vein  throngha  I'UDui,  I 

whicli  was  driven  t)y  Mr.  Randolph's  direction,  many  | 

years  ago.     This  mine  has  no  lateral  road  connecting  1 

with  the  main  roiid,  and  conse(piently   the  oi)erator  » 

•is  compelled  in  baid  the  coal  in  wagons  and  <:.iris  to  | 

(he  landnig.     1(  i.s  a  first  quality  red  ash  and  dn^v^i-'  > 

is  in  g(ji-d  ord.jr.  I 

The  next  codienes  as  we  approach  towards  Pc.i  | 

Carbon,  are  I 

.1 

THE  JbNCTION  C0LLI1]K1ES.  \ 

\ 

These  collieries  are  located  about   lOOyaid.sin  ,1  \ 

northerly  direction  from   the    Valley   railroad,    .'nid  \ 
about  300  yards  from  the  landings,  at  Port  Cnrbon. 

They  are  located  on  the  Junction  tract,  formerly  a  « 

part  of  ilici  |uo|<(  riy  owned  by  the  Ncjrth  Americait  \ 

€oal    Cjni[)any,    iuid   now    held    by   the    a:-.ignces\  | 

These  colliei'ies  ar^i  now  worked  by  David  (hiilM^  ) 

Es(j.,  who  is  now  working  the  Tunnel  vein,  undi'j  | 
the  direction,  of  T.  ]  bxlgkiss,  mining  eiiginet  v.  \v]\o  h 
the  coniractor  for  tluj  getting  of  the  coal,  and  Y,bi>  n 
was  iirst  opened  many  years  ago,  and  al'  i  diiieib 


HISTORY    OF    ijCnUYLKILL  COUNTY.  369 

This  vein  is  a  notable  red  ash — four  feet  in  thickness, 
and  is  an  excellent,  pine  coal,  Tlie  vein  pitches 
south  at  an  angle  of  about  35  degrees.  Mr.  Chillas 
has  already  opened  ten  breasts  in  it,  which  are  all 
yielding  good  coal— the  hiight  of  these  breasts  is  be- 
tween GO  and  70  yards.  The  length  of  range  upon 
this  vein  at  the  water-level  is  1775  yards,  about  350 
yards  of  v/hich  have  already  been  driven  by  gang- 
way. On  the  present  level  at  which  the  mines  are 
worked,  they  will  have  a  distance  of  300  yards  yet 
to  drive,  hut  at  the  water-level  the  length  will  be  in- 
creased as  above.  Tliit'  vein,  if  properly  worked, 
could  be  made  to  yield  about  6000  tons,  from  now 
until  the  close  of  the  season.  The  mines  are  in  tirsl 
rate  condition,  and  everything  promises  a  favorable 
and  profitable  return. 

The  next  vein  we  crnne  to  is  upon  the  same  tract, 
about  70  yards  north  of  the  latter  vein,  and  are 

BOLTON    <!    GOVS  COLLIERIES. 


This  vein  is  culled  the  "  Black  Mine."  It  is  now 
worked  by  Messrs.  Bolton  &  Co.,  above  the  water- 
level.  It  is  above  5  feet  thick — a  first  quality  red  ash 
—and  is  in  good  order.  This  vein  has  been  driven 
in  by  gangway,  about  250  yards,  and  is  yielding  well. 
The  height  of  breasts  is  about  60  yards,  and  the  vein 
pitches  south  about  35  degrees.  Messrs.  Bolton  will 
have  about  600  yards  length  of  range  at  the  water- 
level. 

Independent  of  those  veins  already  described,  there 
are  other  veins  on  this  tract,  which  will  no  doubt  at 
some  future  day  b.;  v/oi'ked  to  great  advantage. 

We  have  now  ii/ti,shed  cur  pilgrimage  down  the 
Schuyikill  Valley  District,  and  in  our  progress  have 
given  our  readers  f^illdescriptionsof  more  than  twen- 
ty ;u!:a/o  ceUieries.  ■.  }u  writhig  out  this  account,  vv*; 


370  irisTony  or  schuylkill  county. 

liave  beuii  giiiJed  by  obscrvaliou  and  facts,  aiTivtxl  ai 
Ihroiigli  our  own  ien^ics,  and  have  avoided  all  llicsr: 
niinutia  of  nieasureniont  and  statistics,  which  would 
only  serve lo  confuse  and  bewilder  the  uninitiated  ira- 
der.  In  oar  notes  Ave  hive  passed  over,  or  tieatod 
with  but  a  caisoiy  n:4ice,the  various  o])enings  wliich 
have  been  al> mdoued,  or  remain  inoi)erative.  There 
are  new  in  d-ic  space  ot  ground  which  hitervenes  Lo- 
t^vccn  Port  Ci'ri.'un  and  the  liead  ut  the  railro^id  at 
Tuscarora,  many  favorable  and  valuable  locations  lor 
coal  opeiations,  v.dii.di  liave  never  been  devclo}.ed. 
The  reason  fur  11, i .,  lutherlo,  has  been  a  want  oi'yuo- 
per  facilities  for  ti-ansi)ortation.  The  i)resent  railroad  ^ 
is  badly  located — has  lor  many  years  been  in  nn>iTa-  -* 
hie  condition,  aiid  is  entirely  tao  narrow  between  the  t 
rails  to  enable  cars  uf  sufiicient  size  to  traveri^e  it.  | 
These  objections  have  no  tloubt  aided  greatly  in  de-  | 
terring  cai>italisls  from  venturing  upon  the  route,  hut  | 
now  when  the  survey  of  a  new  route  is  in  progiass.  | 
and  all  the  arrangements  made  for  putting  down  r-  v 
new  and  serviceable  roatl  the  whole  distance,  lo  coi.  . 
nect  widi  the  gi'-U  l\)tlsville  and  Philadeli)hia  i.«:id  :  ^ 
we  do  not,dvnow  in  uur  whole  district  a  more  Ivivor-  > 
able  spot  for  investments.  | 

In  our  next  number,  we  shall  commence  at  Port  , 

CarboUj  and  describe  all  the  collieries  upon  the   Mill  [ 

Creek  railroad  wliich  occur  between  that  point  and  1 

the  terminus  of  the  road  at  the  liroad  moantain.  ., 


PORT  CARBON  DISTRICT.  j 

The  next  valley  of  any  importance,  is   the  IVIili  | 

Creek  Vtilley,  winch  extends  from  the  landings  ui:  lite  * ' 

canal  at  Port  Carbon,  to  the  southern  foot   of  die  | 

liroad  mountain.     The  whole  extent  of  this  ravii:e  is  ■ 

tfaversedby  a  raiho;id  called  the  MUl  creek  lailroad  ^ 

This  read  was  first  commenced  in  1829,  by  I',  ancis 
li  Nichols  and  Pienry  Morris,  li;sqrs.,  and  was  taken        f 

I 
i 

i 


Uli'iO'lV    0!'    ^?CUl  i'LKILL    COUNTY.  371 

by  the  preseiil  c.^iiipahy,  SKine  time  iu  the  fall  of  that 

'year;  it  is  four  iiriley  in  Icngtli,  and  was  completed 

■  so  that  coal  was  hrought  over  it  in  1830.     At  the  fool 

of  this  railroad,  and  whhin  the  limits  of  the  town  of 

.   Port  Carbon,  we  nicel  with  the  lirst  collieries  upon 

J-  it.     They  are  eddied 

TllK  SALCM  COLLIERIES. 

These  culii(  lies  are  located  at  the  northern  base  of 
the  Sal(in  hill,.i  narrow  ridge  which  extends  parallel 
with  tiie  river  Schuylkill  from  Pottsville  to  Port  Car- 
bon. Both  th(;  collieries  :tnd  the  hill  take  their  name 
fi^om  the  Salem  vein.  Avhicli  is  every  where  celebrated 
for  its  pmity  and  excellence  as  a  red  ash  coal.  TIh; 
workings  are  carried  on  by  Mr.  Cliarles  Ellet,  who 
leases  from  the  estate  of  the  late  Robert  McDermot. 

?^:;  -  Tlie  tract,  winch  is  very  valuable,  contains  about  230 
acres,  and  fm-nivhes.a  range  upon  the  veins  of  1,800 
yards.  It  was  first  opened  by  Mr.  Ellet  in  1831, 
.  above  the  watcr-level,  on  die  soiitli  side  of  the  Salem 
hill,  and  the  old  wucking  may  still  be  perceived  on 
the  road  between  this  place  and:  Port  Carbon.  Tliis 
drift  was  worked  for  about  four  years,  when  it  was 

I  abandoned,  and  Mr.  E.  had  a  slope  sunken  on  the 

north  side  for  the.  purpose  of  working  the  vein  below 
the  water-level.  The  lengdi  of  tlie  first  slope  which 
■ '  was  put  down  ^vas  300  feet.  An  engine  was  erected 
^'  for  the  purpose  of  hoisting  and  pumping,  which  is 
still  in  operation..  It  is  from  the  workshop  of  Hay- 
wood &  Snyder,  and  is  pronoimced  an  excellent  piece 
of  machinery.  The  vein  was  worked  by  means  of 
this  engine  fur  tbree  years,  and' in  that  space  of  time, 
the  coal  was  lain-jd  out  for  1,200.  yards  west  of  tlie 
slope.  At  this  time,  in  conLicqiience  of  the  increased 
and  extended  operations  of  the  collieries,  it  was  found 
necessiny  to  put  down  a  GOdiurse  engine,  to  be  used 
for  pumping  aloi-e.  Tiie  slope  was  then  sunken  te 
till  ;ici:di  of  I'OO  feet,  and  both  engines  are  now  ii 


372  HTSTORY    Oh'    .'vlIIUYLKILL  COUNTY. 

active  operafioTi.     In  iKe  lower  level  the  coal   lu.s 

been  worked   cut  biu  -iOO  yards,  which  leaves  the  | 

operator  now  about  700  yards  of  600  feet  breasting;,  V 

and  800  yards  of  300  f.et  breasting.     This  ensures  a  | 

heavy    and  extensive   business  for   many   years  to  | 

come — a  business  which  is  perfectly  safe  and  secure,  * 

in  consequence  of  the  vein  having  been  thoroughly  . 

proven   through  die  upper  gangway.      The  Saleni  j 

vein  at  this  point  is  four  feet  thick,  and  pitciies  to  the  | 

soudi  ui  an  angle  of  about  33  degrees.  | 

At  il'.e  lime  Mr.   Eilut  commenced  driving  down  f 

his  slope  on  ttie  nordi  side  of  Salem  hill,  he  also  made  | 

a  tunnel  through  the  hill,  in  order  to  connect  the  col-  i' 
liery  with  tlie  canal  by  a  shorter  route  than  that  ho  ■ 

would  otherwise  have  fjen  compelled  to  take.  | 

This  lumiei  is  !iOo  feet  in  length,  and  decreases  the  ? 

distance  to  die  canal  about  600  yards,  while  at  the  I 

same  time  the  construction  was  advisable,  as  the  tun-  | 

nel   and   other  landings  could  all  be  elfected  upon  { 

\)roptnty  belonging    to  the   tract.      There   are  four  \ 

landings  widi  bchnljs,  ollices,  and  railroads  all  buili  \ 

at  the  souilurn  niuuth  of  the  tunnel,  and  are  nov/ 
used  for  the  continuel  shipping  of  coal.     A  connec-  | 

tion  was  made  between  Uie  railroad  leadhig  through  i 

the  tunnel,  and  the  Mill  creek  railroad,  which  enables  , 

operators  on  the  latlcf  u»  bring  their  coal  by  a  shoriur  ; 

route  to  the  Lanal.  tlian  were  they  to  ship  it  from  the  \ 

old  landings.  The  construction  of  these  landings  and 
tunnel  was  accomplished  at  an  expense  of  from  S  to 
10,000  dollars,  Mr.  Ellet  has  made  an  arrangement 
at  his  eollieries  for  the  breaking  of  coal,  upon  perfora-  ; 

ted  iron  plates,  which  seems  to  work  very  well,  but  is  ; 

hiferior  we  think,  in  cheapness  to  the  newly  invented  [ 

b^'caker  of  Battings.  At  Uie  time  we  visited  liic 
mines  (on  Thursday  la'rt)  every  tlhng  was  in  active 
operation,  and  we  saw  there  tlie  minutia  of  a  'v.'cli 
legul'ited  and  exicnsive  coUiery — the  steady  pull'  d! 
the  two  n.ighiy  engines — the  rattling  of  the  coal  .m 
tbc  s' liUir ; — ;he  flank'Jig  of  the  hannncrs,  and  iiio 


HliTOUV    OF    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY.  373 

rumble  of  car  wheels,  all  tended  lo  impress  us  with 
the  great  importance  of  the  trade  to  which  these  out- 
lays are  necessary. 

The  new  route  of  ihe  Mount  Carbon  and  Port 
Carbon  railway  passes  Mr.  Ellet's  tunnel,  on  tlie  op- 
posite side  of  the  Schuylkill,  at  a  distance  of  about 
100  yards  from  the  mouth.  The  connection  will  be 
made  by  a  bridge  across  the  river  and  canal,  when,  in 
all  proLabilityjihe  v/hole  railroad  trade  from  the  Mill 
Creek  district,  will  pass  through  the  tunnel,  and  m  this 
mamier,  reach  tiie  main  route  of  railway  from  Potts- 
ville  to  Philadelphia. 

In  closing  our  notice  of  this  colliery  we  would  re- 
mark that  the  slope  is  the  deepest  in  the  county,  and 
as  the  Salem  vein  is  the  most  southern  one,  and  as  it 
consequently  must  be  lower  on  the  surface  than  the 
rest,  our  readers  will  therefore  be  able  to  understand 
the  almost  inexhaustible  extent  of  coal  which  must 
necessarily  lie  beneath  the  surface,  at  points  in  a  more 
northerly  direction,  where  the  distance  above  the 
water-level,  nuist  naturally  be  nuich  higher. 

We  mention  this  J'act  to  show  the  immense  re- 
sources which  our  district  possesses,  and  also  to  ])rove 
how  impossible  it  is  tiiat  we  should  live  to  see  it  ex- 
hausted. When  our  readers  understand  that  every  vein 
of  coal  extends  beneadi  the  surface  to  a  distance  never 
yet  peneated,  and  may  be  worked  out  as  far  down 
as  power  can  be  brought  to  bear  upon  it,  they  will 
perceive  the  great  and  immense  supply  we  can  create. 
In  fact  the  coal  trade  of  this  district,  although  heavier 
than  any  in  the  country,  is  yet  in  its  insipient  state, 
and  we  will  venture  to  predict,  that  but  a  few  years 
in  the  lapse  of  time  will  roll  over  our  heads,  before 
the  Schuylkill  County  Coal  Field,  in  mhiing  and 
manufacturing,  will  rival  I  he  most  important  district 
of  Great  Britain. 

In  the  foUoAving  articles  upon  the  Coal  Region,  wc 
shall  funiish  a  descrij)tion,  minute  and  particular,  at 
ah  the  coUieiies  situated  on  the  Mill  creek  railroad. 


! 


■  371  niSTOilF    01..    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY. 


MILL    CHEEK    DISTRICT 


R0NA1J)S0N  COLLIERY. 

This  vein  was  fust  worked  many  years  ago  i.y 
Me:.srs,  J.  vV  U.  Voiuig.  It  was  also  ufterwurdr-, 
worked  by  Mr.  Win.  liasbyshell,  on  the  Mill  ou'ck, 
and  by  Mr.'Tlios.  C.  Williams,  on  the  Norwegian,  .so 
that  the  workings  met.  The  vein  has  been  com- 
pletely v.'orked  out  above  the  water-level,  for  tli;  dis- 
tanee  of  1,200  yv.nls.  The  gangways  having  met  in 
the  centre,  there  is  ]iuw  a  complete  and  contiiiUCiis 
railroad  passage  thnmgh  the  hill  which  inierv 'liCS 
between  Pottsvilie  and  Port  Carbon,  tlirongh  wlu-Ui 
trains  may  pass  I'rom  the  JNlill  creek  to  the  Muiiiu 
Carbon  railroad. 

The  present  p; ojnietor  of  these  mines,  Mr.  A.  i;>-.. 
aldson,  has  had  them  in  possession  but  a  short  inue. 
He  has  sunken  a  slope  upon  the  Lewis  vein,  the  dopth 
of  which  is  about  3J0  feet  below  the  lowest  g  mg- 
way — thii'iy  (cot  of  this  is  nsed  by  the  tank  a!,  die 
bottom,  which  leaves  him  a  breasting  of  100  yii,l.s. 
The  vehi  is  worlced  1)y  a  powerful  stationary  engine, 
which  perfoms  the  pumi)ing  and  hoisting.  This  en- 
•gine  was  put  down  in  lh43,  and  the  slope  wa;-  lirst 
sunken  in  Marcii,  It; M.  The  thickness  of  the  J  .i;v/i.- 
vein  at  this  point  varies  from  seven  feet  to  twelve  :  it 
is  found  m  some  jdaces  te)  the  thickness  of  luuvb.en 
feet.  Tlie  lenglli  of  range  upon  the  present  level  will 
be  about  1.400  yr.rdj. 

Mr.  i,'oi;ald.M:)u  lias  also  attached  to  his  v.^.irL: 
whieh  are  carried  on  in  a  complete  and  meiliedica.l 
manner,  a  broukiug  n.achine  upon  the  plan  a. lop, ed 


m. 


HISTOlir    oy    .SCUUYLKILL   COUNTY.  375 

by  Messrs.  Haywood  tSi  Co.  The  rollers  are  driven 
by  an  engine  of  eight  horse  power,  which  also  turns 
the  screens. 

Mr.  Korudilsoii  h;is  the  double  advantage  of  sliip- 
,piiiy  his  euai  eiiher  fiuni  Port  Carbon  or  Pottsville. 
Siiould  he  u:ii)i  tu  send  ;;  train  of  loaded  cars  down 
by  the  Jicadiny  raihcad,  he  can  use  the  old  drift 
^vhich  opens  oL  a  level  Avith  the  Mill  creek  road,  but 
a  few  yards  riurti  thu  .schutes,  and  can  transport  his 
coal  thruj-h  ihu  he;i;-t  of  the  mountain,  a  distance  of 
l,2U0  yards.  Avheu  it  v.ill  enter  thelMeant  Carboii 
road  at  the  old  woriiing-;  ■t»f  Mr.  Charles  Lawtun,  at 
Pottsville.  It  is  a  icthous  method,  however,  ami  is 
but  seldom  us..d. 

The  next  opeiiii:i^-  upon  the  MiU'creek  radroail. 
"which  we  arrive  at  afler  leaving  the  above  mentioned 
colhery,  is  also  worked  f)y  Mr.  lionaldson.  It  is  on 
the  eastern  side  of  I  ho  raih-oad,  about  200  yards  north 
of  Haywood  &  Co's.  operations,  on  the  Lewis  vein. 
Mr.  lxon;ddsr)uat  thi-  imiut  is  Avorkiug three  veins  Liy 
means  of  ununliu^.  'I'lie  lir.st  luunel  is  iiUo  the  Yam 
vein— a  tunnel  from  this  point,  33  yards  in  lengUi, 
reaches  the  '*  Spuhn"-— about  40  yards  further  north, 
it  culs  the ''  Palmer"  vi.'in — about  30  yards  in  the  same 
direction,  it  will  iiii;is<rt  the  "  Cha's  Pott'^  vein, 
and  by  another  tunnel  of  40  yards,  will  open  into  tlu) 
*'Clarkson"  vein.  Thus  the  reader  Avill  perceive  that 
the  product  of  live  vein;,  of  coal,  can  -all  be  brought 
out  (.)!'  the  same  opening,  'ilie  veins 'are  celebrated 
for  their  purity  and  qualiiy,  and  average,  at  this  point, 
about  four  ieei  eaoh  in  thickness.  In  a  very  short 
lime  Ave  expect  lo  see  r;n  this  sjjot  one  of  the  largest 
and  most  extensive  eoiliejies  in  the  district. 

RAlNhOW  COLLlFdUES. 

These  collieries  are  siinated  on  Little  Wolf  creek", 
•  lb  )  'I  three    nulcb  neu'th  (jf  Port    Carbon,  and    /.re 


376  HIllTOilY    OF    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY. 

reached  by  a  branch  or  lateral  road  one  mile  and  a 
half  in  length,  which  forms  a  junction  with  the  Mill 
creek  railroad,  at  about  one  mile  and  a  half  from  the 
landings-  at  Poit  Ccubon.  These  collieries  are  w  oi kcd 
by  Mr.  Sauiiiel  Sillyman,  one  of  the  lirst  and  most 
enterpnznig  operators  in  the  district,  and  under  his 
direction  and  management,  have  proved  celebrated 
and  profiiablo.  The  vein,  which  is  a  white  ash  coal, 
wellknoMai  in  all  the  different  markets,  is  tivcntii-one 
feet  hi  tliickaess,  and  is  approached  by  three  openings 
or  funnels.  It  is  in  good  order  and  promises  tu  yield 
well  for  tlxe  future.  Mr.  Sillyman  is  now  driving  a 
tutmel  into  a  vein  about  250  feet  north  of  the  }!resent 
working,  which  is  ascertained  to  be  ten  feet  in  thick'- 
ness,  and  judging  iVom  the  samples  of  coal  t;iken 
from  said  vein,  we  have  no  doubt  that  it  will  busluin 
the  high  repulaiion  which  the  Sillyman  coal  has  justly 
received  for  the  last  nine  years.  The  length  of  ranee 
upon  these  veins  is  about  2,500  yards. 

Attached  to  these  rnuies  are  twenty-one  comk.r'ia- 
ble  miners' houses,  the  inmates  of  which  appear  to  be 
liappy  and  cenaenicd.  The  stranger,  in  passing  up 
tlie  road,  is  siruck  with  the  appearance  of  a  sn.all 
village,  possesshig  all  the  outward  marks  of  indu.'.iTy 
and  happiness,  and  when  he  remembers  that  but  a 
few  years  since,  this  spot  was  the  scene  of  a  coni|/ieto 
and  silent  wilderness,  he  will  see  and  understand  the 
great  stride  winch  improvement  has  made  in  cm-  re- 
gion, since  the  iirst  di.scovery  of  that  valuable  mineral 
which  constitutes  the  wealth  of  our  district. 

SILLYMAN  &  EVAN'S  COLLIERY. 

These  collieries  are  located  on  the  eastern  !-.idu  of 
the  Mill  creek,  near  the  village  of  St.  Clair,  Ii  is  on 
the  same  vein  as  the  above  described  working-- is  21 
feet  ia  thickness,  and  although  one  mile  west  of  ihe 
otlier,  possesses  all  the  qualities  and  peculiarities 
which  attach  to  it.  'Wa  vein  is  entered  by  three 
diiftsor  gangways. 


HISTOriY    0i'    SCHUYLKILL  COUNTY.  377 


PINKEirrON'S  COLLIERY.  ' 

This  colliery  it,  situaied  on  the  west  side' of  tlie 
Mill  creek,  in  tiie  ro.vine  which  leads  from  St.Clair 
to  New  Castle,  and  exiendj  westwardly  from  a  mile 
to  a  mile  ajid  a  half. 

The  outside  fixtures  at  this  colliery  for  breaking 
and  cleaning  coal  are  close  upon  the  Mill  creek  rail- 
road, with  which  they  are  connected  by  a  short  late- 
ral road  of  iron  rails. 

The  veins  are  cut  by  a  tunnel  driven  at  half  course 
across  the  ends  of  them.  The  first  is  a  vein  of  four 
feet  in  thickness — the  next  nine  feet,  and  the  balance 
twenty  feet — each  of  these  seperated  from  the  other 
by  a  stratum  of  strong  slate  of  12  feet  in  thickness 
(measuring  at  right  angles  with  the  course.)  Tlie 
coal  in  all  is  while  a.sh.  pure  and  hard,  coninianding 
a  ready  sale  at  the  btsi  market  price. 

Anotlier  vein,  17  feet  in  thickness,  lies  north  of 
these  veins  about  45  yards — nnd  is  now  being  tun- 
nelled to  from  the  tiO  feet  vein  above  mentioned. 
Half  of  the  di:<truice  is  already  driven,  and  it  is  ex- 
pected to  be  finished  assoorr  as  the  first  of  May  next  j 
this  also  is  a  white  ash  coal  of  superior  quality. 

Conmiunications  aiti  made  at  distances  of  from 
150  to  200  yards  between  the  three  first  mentioned 
veuis  by  cutting  through  the  intermediate  stratum  of 
slate,  (at  half  course)  (hereby  saving  turnouts,  and 
avoiding  the  necessity  of  driving  up  to  the  surface 
for  air,  except  m  one  vem  only. 

The  road  in  the  9  feet  or  middle  vein  is  kept  foi 
the  p:;o.^:ing  out  of  loaded  cars,  and  is  an  iroir  road  so 
substantial  and  even  in  iis  grade  tliat  one  horse  cau 
re.i'Jily  Lruig  out  a  train  of  six  or  seven  drift  car^- 


•378  IIISTCUV    iiP    SCHUYLKILL   eOUN'TY. 

The  drill  cars  used  here  are  difl'erenlly  consliuc.ied 
from  any  in  the  region — are  very  strong,  easily  re- 
paired, ;ii.d  iiKiiiy  of  iheni  have  been  in  use  seven  or 
eight  yoavs.  In  consequence  of  wanting  sufiicient 
space  to  sLOH'^  away  die  dirt  and  rubbisli  necessarily  r 
occuring  from  a  "business  of  the  extent  contemplated 
at  this  colliery.,  and  als(j  for  the  purpose  of  ]jr(j  aiviijg  ; 
the  required  eli;v;itiL>n  lor  breaking  and  preparing  the 
coal  for  uiaiirct,  an  inclined  plane  has  been  con  iriict- 
ed  which  iy  110  feci  in  length,  at  an  angle  uf  '2[>  de- 
grees, maldiju  a  h-'ight  of  44  feet.  This  wor!:  has 
been  pat  up  eniiidy  on  trestles  in  the  most  sii'iitian- 
tial  manner,  and  is  highly  creditable  to  the  car]*uiiter, 
(Mr.  J.  C<.  Swni  oi  our  borough.)  'J'he  coal  will  be 
hoisted  up  ihiri  plane  by  agin  with  one  horse,  which 
is  calculated  tu  lin  and  einply  a  car  in  three  miiailes. 
Another  gin  is  l-fijig  cunbtructi'Ll  for  tinning  tiiree 
screens  w  ilh  (Ma;  hdrsL'.  It  is  not  intended  lc»  u-o  any 
'of  tlie  [Jieseiit.  uia.lanery  l\)V  breaking  coal,  lor  il.'C 
reason,  as  we  luilurslaiid,  that  the  ])roprietor  will  sell 
a  much  gveatrr  bulk  of  what  is  called  "lump"  <  ,wil. 
llian  of  any  (.dua-  Kind.  That  which  is  brokci  ,  will 
be  J)r(q);ued   l)\-  haiul   on  ca.st  iron   ]ierlorated  platci.     ij' 

dnaddldonin  dui.si;  before  mentioned,  another  vtiii;  f 

also  oi'  w  bite  ,i  -h  cual,  about  3'50  yards  north  .,f  (he  \ 

former,  i>  laiw   .djocL  Ijeing  o}»ened — the  thickiie.^-.s  of  1 

this  vein  has  ;jr:[  JM-'u  ascertained,  but  by  trial  with  | 

shatts  .sunk    to   liie  ileplb  of  about  70  feet,  ai  lOO  \ 

yards  ap;irt,    a',  e    ere    told    tliat    its   appearai;cc   on  I 

the  boliomslaie  marked  it  as  a  vein  21  feel  in  thick-  ] 

ne&s.  t. 

It  is  iiliendcd  to  lake  the  coal  from  this  vein,  or  at  | 

least  fri  1  1  il;.;   iv,',>  u[)]H::r  levels  in    it,  by  a  railroad  f 

laid  along  iiie  side  o(  the  hill,  to  the  outside  tixiure.s  \ 

on  the  odier  veins.     The  breasting  on  the  17  !( .,t  vein  J 

before  inendumd,  will  have  a  height  of  SKJO  fi  i  <Voiu  * 

the  gangway,  ami  on  (be  other  vein  (sui)pos';n  n.  U:  '" 

21  feet  in  ihickurs-)  diere  will  be  a  breasting  oi'  l.(-in  { 

iVec  frLin  die  third  jr  lowest  level.  * 


I 


f 


IIISTOKY    OF    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY.  379 

This  colliery  promises  tu  1;ecome,  in  a  sliort  time, 

one  of  tlic  most  extensive;  i;.  the  district,  and  we  liave 

[? -heard  it  remarked  j.y  those  wlio  know  the  capacity 

of  tlie.  works,  that  it  might  be  made  more  important 

•llian  any  other  concern)  in  llio  region. 

MAftlMO'l'll   COLLIERY. 


■  This  colliery  is  situated  four  miles  north  from  Port 
Carbon,  on  the  west  side  of  Mill  creek.     It  is  leased 
•    and  worked  l)y  Joseph  G.  Li'.v'ton. 

,;  These  mines  are  very  interesling  to  those  visitors, 
who  desire  to  ex.iniiiio  ihe  mode  of  working  those 
resources  of  wealth,  and  to  witness  where  advantages 
may  he  obtained  in  the  coal  trade  by  a  judicious  ap- 
plication of  labor.  TIkj  vein  worked  is  tlie  celebrated 
Mannnoth  or  Daniels  vein,  long  worked  by  George  & 
WuL  Payne,  about  lour  mile^  west  of  this  colliery, 
and  is  known  to  yield  coal  belter  adaj)ted  to  the 
munufaetnring  ol'  iron  tl  an  any  other  in  the  regioji ; 
the  coal  being  of  iln.'  b^^l  wliiie  ash,  ])nn!  ami  hard. 
The  vein  at  this  i)lace  varies  Irom  1(J  to  )i2  feet  in 
thickness,  and  pitches  nt  an  angle  of  from  23  to  90. 
The  coal  is  raised  from  die  gangways  by  an  engine 
of  twelve  horse  power  manufactured  by  our  enter- 
prizing  townsman,  L.  ^V.  ArGennis,  and  does  credit 
to  his  well  known  stdll.  'i'his  engine,  which  by  the 
'  way  is  the  iirst  engine  ereeted  in  the  region  in  a 
wlute  ash  vein,  for  hoisting  coal,  raises  the  coal  Ibrty- 
two  feet  above  the  level  of  the  JNlill  creek  railroad, 
thereby  giving  ample  height  for  the  schutes  which  are 
put  up  on  such  a  plan,  fhal  scarcely  a  shovel  need 
;ess  Ml'  unloading,  and  loading 


be  used  hi  all 

tllL 

the  coal. 

The  ei 

gine 

is 

large  resc 

rv',11- 

)n 

mountain 

;aul 

Ml 

iron,    ^v  hj 

eh  tl 

ij))'li(d    svith  pure  water  Irom  a 

(;iii  the  valley  biitweeu  the  Ihoad 

;  liili,  IVui.i  []  to  -100  yards  distant, 

1      iron.    Nvhich  the   v/aler  :s  coiulucted   through  pipes. 


1 

3S0  IllStOl'.V    OF    SCHUYLKILL  COUNTY.  |    ■ 

which  discharge  about  1,500  gallons  a  day.  AVii^  ; 
is  not  used  after  first  supplyhig  a  trough  at  ih^  rloot^ 
of  the  stable,  made  in  one  of  the  exhausted  brouytingil 
for  the  accommodation  of  the  horses  used  in  the  mine,  |,  - 
which  do  not  leave  their  dark  abode  except  en  Sun-i; 
day,  is  allowed  to  run  down  tbe  side  of  the  hill  agaihV  * 
to  join  those  waters  from  which  it  had  been  separated  j 
some  hundred  yards  back.  | 

The  mines  are  drained  by  means  of  a  tmmci:;boi",| 
one  hundred  and  fifty  yards  long,  which  w.is  coni-j  . 
menced  in  1841,  jiid  driven  at  great  expens'i  mostly  j  ■: 
through  a  close  grained  conglomerate  rock,  which  |  , 
scarcely  app  ^-tred  to  yield  to  the  elforts  of  the  bard- 1  ij 
working  miners,  and  was  finished  in  1844,  ^ 

The  internal  arrangement  of  the  mine  is  admirablv  |  ) 
calculated  to  facilitate  business.  The  ruads  are  dl  {> ' 
laid  Willi  heavy  railroad  iron— it  being  of  tlie  same  j,' 
size  as  that  used  on  the  mill  creek  railroad, 


0  the  sm  face,  f 
the  mines  is  |i 


Holes  arc  made  from  the  gangways  to 
down  which  the  timber  for  the  use  of  ^ 

thrown,  imstead  of  loading  it  into  the  cars  at  ihe  he:id  j 
of  the  slope,  and  thus  causing  detention.  Y'^ 

The  proprietor  of  this  colliery  is  now  erecting  a  !•- 
water  power  sufliv:ient  to  drive  a  saw  mill,  and  break  j 
and  screen  bis  coal.  The  latter  will  be  done  or.  the  j; 
Battin  principle,  by  two  rollers,  which  lie  thinks  will  y- 
be  sufllcieiit,  as  it  is  not  his  intention  to  break  mere  j 
tliaii  can  pos:iibly  be  helped.  He,  like  other  dealers  j 
iu  while  asli  coal,  has  more  demand  for  large  or  j 
<*  lump/'  than  broken  coal.  J 

I 

1^ 


^ij'4'' 

m- 


yJS' 


CllAr'L'EIi,  V. 

^'  ,  EDUGATIO>r. 

k    '...Common  Schools  wrro  ol"  course  encouraged  as 

I  '.won  as  the  first  settlers  hnd  cleared  a  field  or  two, 
|1  erected  a  lew  houses,  and  inada  such  other  improve- 
ments as  their  emergencies  demanded.  The  School 
Master  was  ahroad.  In  some  instances,  especially 
among  the  Germans,  as  it  A'/as  an  early  custom 
among  them,  a  person  was  employed  who  discliarged 

I   f  both  the  duties  of  the  Pruliger  unci  Schuimeister. 

Sucli  persons  they  hrouglit  with  them  when  they  first 

emigrated  to    this   countiy.      Nevertheless,    schools 

among  the  (Icrmans  wciu  ia  u  most  dcplorahle  cou- 

l  dition  I'or  many  years,     Ou  (he  arrival  of  the  Kev. 

I  :  Muhlenherg,  in  174e,anil  the  iiev.  Michael  Sclilatter, 
ill  1746  ;  the  former  a  I.utlieran,  the  latter  a  German 
Reformed  minister,  uncensing  efforts  Avere  made  by 
I  those  fathers  of  the  Germrai  churches  in  Pemisylva- 
nia,  to  establibh  schools  in  connection  witii  all  tlie 
German  churches. 

In  1751  an  efibrt  was  nuxde  which  promised  to  be 
crowned  with  more  than  ordinary  success,  to  estab- 
lish a  school  in  Pennsylvania.  About  that  time,  or 
shortly  before,  the  Rev.  Schlatter,  had  returned  to 
Holland,  and  on  his  reprcsenuition  of  the  destitute 
condition  of  the  Germans  here,  to  the  churches  in 
Holland,  a  schemo  was  started  by  some  noblemen  of 
Europe^  for  the  insLiuciion  of  Germans  and  their  de- 
bccndants  in  Pennsylvania.  These  foreign  gentle- 
men    v.'ii.  iruly  concerned  lo  find  that  any  of  theii 


382  inviuitr  op  schuvlkill  county. 


lullow  siibjLCLs,  111  part  of  the  British  dominiony,  were 
not  iVilly  pvoviilod  with  the  means  of  knowledge  and 

salvation        They    eonsidered    it    a    matter    oi    the  • 

grcaKrst  inip^jrlaiiee  to  the  cause  of  christianiiy  in  |  , 

general,  and  die  jnotestant  interest  in  partieiilar,  nol  | 

to  neglect  snch  a  vast  hody  of  useful  people,  sii'iatcil  i 

in  such  a  d;iik.,  l:arren  region,  with  almost  iioiio  lo  I  . 

jn'oteci  liir.m.  or  riv.;ir  helpless  children,  who  ari-  coa;-  • 

ingfordi  iu  n'lilliuides,  and  exposed  an  easy  jiicy  lo  »  . 

the  total  ignorance  of  their  savage  neighhoi..  on  ihe  ■  , 

one  liand;  .md  die  eorrui)tion  of  their  Jesaitic.il  cue  '  ^ 

Uiies,  on  uhoi::   ihcy  hordered,  on  die  othci   'ij)i(]:  * 

and  of  whom  dieie  were  always,  perhaps,  toe  many  ■ 

mixed    among  them.      ]Moved  by  diese   intercsuug  j  , 

considcrnuous,  tlicse  noblemen  and  others,  did  accoid-  '■ 

ingly  lake  iln;  good  design  into  their  immediate  pro-  '■ 

tection,  and  ibinied  themselves  into  a  society  for  the  j 

elfectnal  inan.igenicnt  of  carrying  out  the  scheme  ol  ^  ' 
instrucdiig  the  lierrnans. 

Below  there  is. a  detailed  account  given  of  'ichial     '  ' 
ter's  success : 

'•A  brief  liistory  of  the  rise  and  progress  ui  ih, 
charitable  s<xaety,  carrying  on  by  a  society  of  nol'f^- 
men  and  gentlemen  in  Jjondon,for  the  relief  and  in- 
struction of  poor  Germans  and  their  descendants, 
mettled  111  Pennsylvania,  &c.,  publislied  for  tlic  inlor-  * 
mation  of  those  ^diom  it  may  concern,  by  James 
Hamilton,  William  Alien,  Kichard  Peters,  Benjamin 
Franklin,  and  Conrad  Weiser,  Esquires,  and  the  Piov. 
William  Smith.  Trustees  General,  appointed  for  die 
management  of  the  said  charitable  scheme. 

"  For  several  years  past,  the  small  number  oi  Ke-  * 
formed  Pri)test;^ni  ministers,  settled  among  the  Ger 
man  emigrants  in  Pennsylvania,  and  tinding  d;.' 
lifQvest  great,  but  the  laborers  lew,  have  been  dru^ply 
aiiected  witli  a  true  christian  concern,  for  the  ■.velfare 
of  their  distressed  countrymen,  and  the  salvaiiun  of 
their  ])r3ci.ous  souls.  In  consequence  of  this,  iLey  have     5 


iJid 


1    ;■ 


HlSTOliY    OF    SCmiYLKILL    COUNTY.  SSS^' 

froni'timi;  to  time,  iii   i!)(-  most  solemn  and  moving' 
manner,    enlreatod     the    cliuiches    of    Holland,    to 
tliel  commisseiate  iheir   unli.ijipy  I'cllow  christians,  wlio 

in  motnn  under  the  d  rjust  atllic.tion,  heing  settled 
lot  ill  fi  remote  eorner  oi'  the  world,  where  the  light  of  the 
:ed      gospel  lias  hnt  laiely  reached,  and  where  they  are 

to      very  mnch  destitute  of  Uie  jueans  of  knowledge  and 

11.,      salv^ation. 

to 

le 

e-. 


"The  chin'che.s  of  lfi;lland^.  being  accordingly 
moved  wilh  fiie)i>lly  e.Mii|M;,siun,  did  from  time  to 
time,  coniiihile  ;>:*  lla;  i>■,,))l"^■t  of  religion  in  these  re- 
mote pans.  IJut  ii.  ilu;  year  1751,  a  very  movhig 
^  representation  of  Jii-Mr  .siale  having  been  made  by  a 
p  person,  whose  urwi  ul -1  labns  jbr  the  benefit  of  his 
dear  countrymen  hiv(  Ijeen  for  sumo  years  conspicu- 
ous, the  states  ul' 1  lollaii'l  aial  West  Frisland, granted 
2,000  gilders  -per  auiut}:<,  for  dve  years  from  tliat  time, 
to  be  ap])lie(]  towards  flic  in.siruclion  uf  the  said  Ger- 
mans and  their  chiidieii,  ill  Pennsylvania.  A  consid- 
erable sum  was  also  collecicd  in  the  city  of  Amster- 
dam, and  elsewheie,  and  upi  n  a  motion  made  by  the 
same  zealcnis  })ci:()n,  ih  ■  IJev,  Mr.  Thomson*  was 
commissioned  by  die  Synod  of  Holland,  and  Classis 
of  Amsterdhm,  to  solicit  ihe  friendly  assistance  of  the 
churches  of  England  and  Scotland. 

"WluiU  Mr.  Thanisuu  arrived  in  Great, Britain,  he 
found  the  readiest  encoruaueinent.  among  persons  of 
the  first  rank,  botl)  in  clnirch  and  state.  In  this  pe- 
culiar glory  of  the  liritish  government,  equally  to  con- 
sult the  happiness  of  all  who  live  under  it,  however 
remote,  wherever  born,  or  of  wliatsoever  denomina- 
tion, wicked  and  inhuman  lyrants,  wliose  ambition 
is  to  rule  over  slaves,  find  ii  dieir  interest  to  keep  tlie 
people  ignorant.  But,,  iu  a  vu'tuous  and, free  govern- 
iTianagement  of  the  design  upon  themselves. 

"This  pro])osal  was  readily  agreed.tu  bythose  noble 

*  Mr.  T.  is  .1  ruiiiisler  of  (.t,e  of  ilie  Wnglish  churclies  in  Am- 
ajLsrdair,  und  a  rn'Miibcr  of  said  i^yiiod  mid  Olassis. 


384  HISTORY    Oi-    SCHUYLKILL  COUNTY. 

mentjlike  ihat  of  Great  Britain,  the  case  is  far  olhtr- 

wise.     I3y  its  very  nature  and  spirit,  it  desires  CA'^ery  1 

member  of  tiic  coinniiuiity  enlightened  with  li'.eful  \ 
knov/ledgc,   and   es])ccially   the    knowledge   of  the 

bless'jd    gospel,  which   contains   tlie   best  and  niost  f 

powerful  motives  for  making  good  subjects,  as  will  i 

as  good  njcn.     Considered  in  this  light,  Mr.  Tiioni-  f 

son's  design  could  not  fail  to  be  encouraged  in  uur  • 

mother  country,  since  it  was  evidently  calculated  to  | 
save  a  multitude  of  most  industrious  peoj)Ie  from  die 
gloom  of  ignorance,  and  qualify  them  for  the  <Mijoy- 

mcnt  of  all  those  priv^ileges,  to  which  it  is  now  Ihair  » 

good  fortune  to   be    admitted,  in   common  with  tli3  / 

happy  subjects  of  a  free  Protestant  government.  | 

"Mr.    Thoni.-ou   having  thus  made  his   busniesa  ^ 

known  m  Juighunl,  I'lid  prepared   the  way  fur  en-  j 
couragement  there,  lie,  in  the  meantime,  went  dovni 

to  Scotland  ;  and,  hiujself  being  known  in  that  com-  ^ 

try,  he  represented  the  case  to  the  General  Assembly  | 

of  the  church,  then  sitting  at  ]']dinburg,  upon   which  | 

a  national   collection    was   made,  amounting    to  up-  { 

wards  of  .i.'l,2()0  aterhng.     Such  an  instance  of  gt  ih  ■  | 

rosity  is  one  out  of  many,  to  show  how  ready  that  \ 

church  has  always  been  to  contribute  towards  the  :ul-  | 
vancement  of  Truth,  Virtue  and  Freedom. 

"  Mr.  Thomson,  upon  his   return  from  Scotlar.d, 

found  that  his  pastoral  duty  called  him  back  to  llol-  \ 

land.     lie  saw  likev.dse  that  it  would  be  absoliUely  \ 
necessary  to  have  s(tnie  person  in  London,  not  ojly 

to  manage  tlie  n;oneys  already  collected,  but  also  to  ; 
solicit  and  receive  the  contributions  of  the  rich  and 

the  benevolent  in   England,  where  nothing  had  yet  f 

been  collceted.  and  where  much  miglitbe  hoped  for.  ^ 

With  tint  V  iew,  lie  begged  a  certain  number  of  noble-  i 

men*  and  gendcmen.  of  the   hrst  rank,  to  tak.  the  i 

*Tl:fc  first  members  of   ihis  society  were  as   follows,  ilr:u|^h  , 

we  believe  several  are  added  this   winter,  (1775,)  wliobc  'lames  \ 

hava  noty.t  been  irrtii^'xiiKvl  to  us  :  ', 

The  ?\\i\\\  lion.  i;?.rl  of  fehartesbury,  Earl  of  Morton,  i'^rl  ol  r 

x 


inSTOlU'    CF    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY.  385 

and  worLliy  persons.  They  were  truly  concerned  to 
find  tliat  there  wore  any  of  their  fellow  subjects,  in 
any  part  of  the  British  dominions,  not  fully  provided 
with  the  means  of  knowledge  and  salvation.  They 
considered  it  a  matter  of  tlie  greatest  importance  to 
the  cause  of  Christianity,  in  general,  and  the  protestant 
interest  in  particidar..  not  to  neglect  such  a  vast  body  of 
useful  people,  situated  in  a  dark  and  barren  region, 
witii  almost  nor.e  to  inslruct  them,  or  their  helpless 
cliildren,  who  are  coming  forward  in  the  world  in 
multitudes,  and  exposed  an  easy  prey  to  the  total 
ignorance  of  ihcir  savage  neighbors  on  the  one  hand, 
and  the  corruption  of  our  Jesuitical  enemies,  on  whom 
they  border,  on  the  other  hand;  and  of  whom  there 
are  always,  perhaps,  too  many  mixed  among  them. 
Moved  by  these  interesting  considerations,  the  said 
noblemen  and  gentlemen,  witli  a  consideration  pecu- 
liar  to  great  and  generous  souls,  did  accordingly  take 
the  good  design  into  their  immediate  protection,  and 
formed  themselves  into  a  society  for  the  etfectual 
management  of  it. 

"The  first  thing  said  society  did,  was  to  agree  to  a 
liberal  subscripuon  among  themselves ;  and,  upon 
■laying  the  case  before  the  King,  His  Majesty,  like  a 
true  father  of  his  peo}ile,  granted  ^61,000  towards  it. 
Her  Royal  Highness,  the  Princess  Dowager  of  Wales, 
.granted  £J00;  and  tlie  honorable  proprietors  of  this 
provhice,  willing  to  concur  in  every  design  for  the 
ease  and  welfare  of  their  people,  generously  engaged 
to  give  a  considerable  sum  yearly  for  promoting  the 
most  essential  part  of  the  undertaking.  From  such  a 
fair  beginning,  and  from  some  hopes  they  reasonably 


Finlater,  and  Lord  VVilloughb),  jf  Parhatn.  Sir  Lulre  Schaub, 
and  Sir  Joshua  Van  Neck,  Earonets.  Mr.  Conimisbion  Vernoii, 
Mr.  Chitly,  and  Mr.  Fluddyer,  Aldermen  of  London.  John 
Bance  Hoberi  Fiirgason,  and  Nathaniel  Paice,  Esqrs.,  of  Lon- 
don. Kcv.  Beiijamin  Avory,  L.  L.  D.,  Rev.  Thomas  Bircti,  D.  D., 
Rev.  Mr,  Casper  Wetstein,  Rev.  Mr.  David  Thom&on,  and  Re», 
Samuel  ('haiKllor,  Secretary. 

Y 


386  HISTOKY    OF    SCHUYLKILL    COUNTY. 

eiiteilaiii  ofa  more  public  nature, the  honorable  society 

doubt  not  oC  their  being  able  to  complete  such  a  i^ind  |  ; 

as  may  ellectiially  answer  their  pious  design,  in  lime  |  • 

coming.     In  the  meantime  they  liave  come  to  the  fol-  •  ; 

lo  wing  general  resohi  tions,  with  regard  to  tlie  manage-  I  ^ 

ment  of  Iho  whelc  :  | 

"I.  To  assist  ihe  people  in  the  encouragement  of  |  "^ 

pious  and  ijidustrious  protestant  ministers  that  are,  or  !  ' 

shall  be   regularly  onlained  and  settled   among  llie  |  ; 
said    Germans,   ov   ilieir   descendants,  in    Ameiica; 

])eginning  tirst  in   INmnsylvania,  where  the  waht  of  4 

ministers  isgreat'-'isl.  wad  proceeding  to  the  neigl.bor-  j  ■ 

ing  British  ci^lonies,  a^  they  shall  be  enabled  by  011  |  l 

increase  of  llieir  fund.;..  |  ,; 

*'II.  To  establiish  some  charitable  schools  for  the  \ 

pious  education  of  German  youths  of  all  denorniua-  '\ 

tions,  as  well  as  iho.sa  English  youths  who  may  le-  f^ 

side  among  them.     Now,  as  a  religious  education  of  |  . 

youth,  while  the  tender  mind  is  yet  open  to  every  f  ;, 

impression,  is  the  most  effectual  means  of  making  a  f 

])e()})le  if/.M,',  otrlu(m.\  anil  happy ^  the  lionorable  so-  |  , 

ciety  have  declaied  that  ihey  have  this  part  of  iheir  |  ' 

design,  in   a  paili(n:ilar  manner,  at  heart;   it  being-  f  i 

chictly  from  the  care  that  shall  be  taken  of  the  rising  I  \ 

generatiun,  that  diey  expect  the  success  of  their  whole  ■■  ''- 

luidertaking.  ;  . 

"III.  The  said  hoiiorable  society,  considering  that  f  • 

tliey  reside  at  too  great  a  distance,  either  to  knov/"  *  \ 

what  ministers  deserve  their  encouragement,,  or  wdial  v  ". 

places  are  most  co)ivcnient  to  fix  the  schools  in — and  \ 

as  they  would  neither  bestow  their  bounty  on  any  ^  ; 

who  do  not  deserve  it ;  therefore  they  have  devolved  I-  \ 
the  general  execution  of  the  whole  upon  us,  under 

the  name  of  Trustees  General,  for  the  manag* nient  \  ■ 

o(  their  charily  among   the   Gemian  emigrants   in  i 

America.     And  as  our  residence  is  in  this  pr(jvince,  »  .. 

where  the  chief  body  is  settled,  and  where  wi.  may  ;  _. 

acquaint  theia  widi  tlij  circumstances  of  the  people,  *  j 


IIISTOUY    OF    .ScIluyLKILL   COUNTY.  387 

the  generous  socit'iy  hope  that  we  cannot  be  imposed 
upon,  or  deceived,  iii  the  cUrection  or  apphcation  of 
their  excellent  chafiiy. 

■  "  IV.  And  lastly,  considering  that  our  engagements 
in  other  matters,  would  not  permit  us  personally  to 
consult  with  the  people  in  the  country,  nor  to  visit 
the  schools  as  olien  as  it  might  be  necessary  for  their 
success,  thehuiiorable  society  have,  out  of  their  true 
fatherly  cnre,  ujipoiuted  the  Rev.  Mr.  Schlatter,  to  act 
under  our  direciioii,  rts  Visitor  or  Stipervisor  o(  the 
the  scliooh;,  knowing  iliat  lie  lias  already  taken  in- 
credible pains  in  tliio  \idiolc  alTair,  and  being  acquaint- 
ed wit)  i  the  people  in  all  parts  of  tiie  country,  can 
converse  with  iheia  on  diC  ;-;pot,and  bring  us  the  best 
advices  from  time  lo  tiniC;  concerning  the  measures 
fit  to  be  taken. 

■;  «  This  is  a  brief  hi.story  of  the  rise  and  progress  of 
this  noble  charity,  till  it  was  committed  to  our  man- 
agement, under  wliich  we  hope  it  shall  be  so  conduct- 
ed, as  fully  to  answer  die  expectation  of  the  worthy 
society,  and  give  all  reas.mable  satislaction  to  the 
parties  for  whose  bc;iiefit  it  is  intended.  We  shall 
spare  no  i)ains  lo  inform  ourselves  of  the  wants  and 
circumstances  of  the  people  ;  as  will  appear  by  the  fol- 
lowing plan  which  we  have  concerted  for  the  general 
■  examination  of  our  irust,  leavhig  room  to  alter  or 
amend  it,  as  circumstances  shall  require,  and  time 
discover  defects  in  it. 

:  "With  regard  to  that  part  of  the  society^s  design 
which  proposes  the  encouragement  of  pious  protest- 
ant  ministers^  wq  shall  impartially  piOi)ortion  tlie 
monies  set  apart  for  this  par])ose  according  to  tlie  in- 
struction of  the  said  society  ;  as  soon  as  such  ministers 
shall  i>ut  it  in  our  power  sc  to  do,  by  making  their 
labors  and  circumstances  known  to  us,  either  by  their 
own  personal  application^  or  by  nieans  of  Mr.  Schlat- 
ter, or  any  other  creditable  ])erson. 
'•  ;')  i  to  tlie  important  article  of  establishnig  schools, 


3S8  IIISTOUY    OF    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY. 

the  following  general  plan  is  proposed,  whicli  may- 
be from  time  to  time  improved  or  perfected. 

"  1st.  It  is  intciided  that  every  school  to  be  oj)ciiea 
upon  this  charity,  shall  be  eqnally  to  the  benefit  of 
protestani  yourh  of  all  denominations;  and  thcretbic 
the  education  will  be  in  such  thhigs  as  are  geuerally 
useful  to  advance  industry  and  true  godliness.  Tin 
youth  v/ill  be  instjiicted  in  both  the  English  and  Gev- 
T'lan  languages ;  likewise  in  writing,  keeping  of  ::on'i- 
mon  accomits,  siuging  of  Psalms,  and  the  true  prin- 
ciples of  tlie  holy  proti'stant  religion, in  the  sa^ne  man- 
ner as  the  fatliers  of  those  Germans  were  instructed. 
at  the  schools  in  those  countries  from  whicli  tlicy 
came. 

"  2dly.  As  it  may  be  of  great  service  to  reUgio,; 
and  industry,  to  liave  some  schools  for  girls,  al>^o,  we 
sliall  n:;e  our  endeavors  with  the  honorable  society,  ■ 
to  have  some  lev/  school  mistresses  encourtiged,  to 
teach  reading,  and  the  use  of  the  needle.  And  tliough 
this  was  no  part  of  the  original  design,  yet  as  the  so- 
ciety have  MOlhing  butthegeneralgoodofal!  atluari. 
we  doubt  not  they  will  extend  their  benelaclion  fee 
this  charitable  purpose  also. 

"3dly.  That  all  may  be  induced,  in  then'  ea:l) 
youth,  to  seek  the  knowledge  and  love  of  God,  in 
that  manner  v.dii'Mi  is  most  agreeable  to  their  own  con- 
sciences, the  children  of  all  protestant  denominations,. 
English  and  Duich,  (German)  shall  be  instructed  in 
catechism  of  sound  doctrine,  which  is  approved  of  and 
used  by  t\ujir  own  parents  and  ministers.  All  un- 
reasonable s)rt  of  compulsion  and  partiality  is  direct- 
ly opposite  to  the  design  and  spirit  of  this  vUarily, 
which  is  geneiPAisly  undertaken  to  promcte  uselVil 
knowledge,  [rue  leligion,  public  peace,  and  ChrisUan 
love,  among  all  rar.ks  and  denominations. 

;'4fhly.  For  die  use  of  schools,  the  s;veml  cate- 
chisms that  are  now  taught  among  the  Calvinisf-L 
Luthcnms,  ;ind  other  piotestant  denoinin.jioijs,  v;iii 


HISTORY    OF    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY.  389 

be  printed  in  Eugiish  and  Dutch,  (German)  and  dis- 
tributed among  tlie  poor,  together  with  some  other 
,  good  books,  at  the  expense  of  the  society. 

"  5thly.  In  order  thai  all  parents  may  be  certain  of 
having  justice  done  to  theii  children,  the  immediate 
care  and  inspection  of  every  school  will  be  committed 
to  a  certain  number  of  sober  and  respectable  persons, 
living  near  the  place  where  every  sucli  school  shall 
be  fixed.  These  persons  will  be  denominated  ./ii- 
sistant  or  Deputy  Tlrustees ;  and  it  will  be  their 
business,  njonvhly  or  quarterly,  to  visit  that  partciular 
school  for  which  they  are  api)ointed,  and  see  that 
both  master  and  scholars  do  llieir  duty.  It  will  also 
be  their  business  to  send  an  account  of  the  state  and 
progress  of  the  schools,  at  every  such  visitation,  to  us 
as  'Frustees  General.  These  accounts  we  shall  trans- 
mit from  Philadelphia  to  the  society  in  London ;  and 
the  society  will  from  tiir.e  to  time,  be  enabled,  by  these 
means,  to  lay  the  state  of  the  whole  schools  before  the 
public;  and  thus  charitable  and  well  disposed  people, 
both  in  Great  Ihilain  and  llollaiul,  seeing  the  good 
use  that  has  been  niaae  of  (heir  former  contribtuions, 
will  be  inclined  to  give  still  more  and  more  for  so 
glorious  and  benevolent  an  undertaking. 

"This  method  canrioi  fail  to  be  of  great  advantage 
to  the  schools,  since  the  Deputy  Trustees,  being  part 
'Of  the  very  people  for  whom  the  work  is  undertaken, 
and  having  their  own  children  at  the  same  schools, 
they  nmst  have  an  interest  in  the  reputation  of  them, 
and  do  all  in  their  power  to  advance  good  education 
m  them.  Besides  this,  being  always  near  at  hand, 
they  can  advise  and  encourage  the  master,  and  help 
;  him  over  any  dii]i.:ulties  he  may  meet  with. 

"But,  Cthly.  As  ihe  keeping  up  a  spirit  of  emula- 
tion among  tne  youfii  is  the  life  of  all  schools,  there- 
fore, that  we  may  leave  as  little  room  as  possible  for 
tliat  remissness,  whicn  sometimes  hurts  charities  of 
thi:'.  Niiiure,  we  chall,  as  far  as  our  situation  will  per- 


390  HisTOlJY    01<    SCHUYLKILL  COUNTT. 

mit,  have  a  personal  regard  to  the  execution  of  lliu 

whole.     As  the  Assistant  Trustees  may  often  want  | 

our  advice  iii  rcnioviug  difficiUties  and  making  new  '; 

regulations,  we  shall  so  contrive  it,  that  Mr.  Schlat-  1 

ter  shall  ho  pr'..'seht  witji  them  at  their  quarterly  meet-  f 

iiigs,  to  consult  witli  them,  and  concert  the  pro[)'jr  » 

measures  to  he  taken.     Besides  this,  we  shall  have  | 

one  general  visitation  of  the  whole  schools  every  yoar,  I 

at  which  one  or  more  of  us  shall  endeavor  to  he  })re-  | 

sent.     On  these  occasions,  such  regulations  .shall  he  ! 

rnadij,  as  nuiy  bu  v,-:uited  ;andcarel'ul  inquiry  will  \yj.  1 

made  wiiether  any  [lareiUs  think  themselves  iiijiircLl  { 

by  any  unjust  exclusion  of  their  children  from  an  equal  i 

benefit  of  the  ccunnon  charity,  or  by  the  partiality  of  | 

the  masters  or  olherwdse.     At  such  visitations,  hoolis  | 

will  be  given  as  rewards  and  encouragement,  l!j  the  \ 
diligent  and  deserving  scholars.     The   masters   will 

likewise  have  pioper  marks  of  esteem  shown  tin m  in  j 

proportion  to  their  fidelity  and  industry  in  the  dis-  | 
cliarge  of  their  oflice. 

"7thly.  With  regard  to  the  number  of  schoi.-ls  Ij 
be  opened,  tha'  u  ill  depend  partly  on  the  encourage- 
ment given  by  ihe  jieople  themselves,  and  partly  on 
the  increase  of  the  society's  funds.     A  consideral-'le 

nundjer  of  places  are  proposed  to  fix  schools  in  ;  but  '■ 

none  are  yet  al).^ohitely  determined  upon,  but  Nev.'  < 

Hanover,  New    Pj-ov^idence,  and    Keading*     These  | 

places  were  first  fixed  upon  because  tlie  ])eople  «>f  all  ] 

persuasions,  Lulheraus,  Calvinists,  andotber  Protest-  "• 

ants,  moved  with  a  pious  and  fatherly  concern  fu.-  the  [ 

illiterate  state  of  their  helpless  children,  did,  with  tnte  ! 

Christian  harmony,  present  tlieir  petitions,  -pr;iy;ng  » 

*Since  ihe  orii^inalpni.lication,  peliiions  have  been  sera  to  ih',  I 

Trustees  General,  frcn  Upi)LT  Soll'oit,  from  Vincent  tuwn.-iiip,  in  ' 
Cheater  county, froia  the  borough  of  Lancaster,  from  Tulj  ehock- 
en,ai:il  several  other  pljccy,  all  of  which  will  be  conbukreri  .-".s 

soon  as  possible,     reh.  25,  175.5.— /^e/mu.  Gazette.  \ 

NoTi..— Schools   weri   also  established   in  1750,  beii.i..5  tr.f;  ♦ 

pbces  mentioned,  at  Lancaster,  York,  i^^aston,  and  serera!  oife^-  \ 

places  '_ 


ITISTOKV    01.'   SCUUV'LKILL    COUNTY.  391 

'that  their  miniGrous  children  of  all  denominations  in 
th€se  jiarts,  might  be  made  the  common  object  of  the 
intended  cliarity.  And  for  this  benevolent  i)arpose, 
tliey  did  further  agree  to  offer  school  houses  in  wliich 
their  children  might  ho  iiistrncted  together,  as  dear 
fellow  Christians,  rodeomed  by  the  same  common 
Lord  and  Saviour,  and  travellhig  to  the  same  heaven- 
ly country,  through  tins  valley  of  tears,  notwithstand- 
ing they  may  somotiniestalce  roads  a  little  ditferentin 
point,b  of, smaller  niuin<.ijt, 

"  This  striking  e>:ian]jlo  of  unanimity  and  good 
agreement  among  all  denominations,  we  hope,  will  be 
hnitated  by  those  who  sliall  afterwards  apply  to  us 
for  fixing  schools  among  diem;  since  it  is  only  upon 
the  aforesaid  generous  plan  for  the  common  benelit 
of  all,  that  we  find  ourselves  empowered  to  institute 
such  schools.     ]3Ut  wliile  die  petitions  are  agreeable 

,  to  this,  our  plan,  i.s  nov\'  explained,  they  will  not  be 
overlooked,  as  long  ns  the  funds  contimie.  And  if 
the  petitioners  shall  recommend  school  masters,  as 
was  the  case  at  New  1  (anover.  New  Providence,  and 
Reading,  such  school  masters  will  have  the  preference, 
provided  they  are  men  of  sullicient  probity  and  knowl- 

'e<.lge,  agreeable  to  all  parties,  and  acquainted  with 
both  the  English  and  Dutch  (German)  languages,  or 
willing  to  learn  eiU;er  of  these  languages  which  they 
may  not  then  be  pofectly  acquainted  with. 

■  "  These  are  essential  qualifications  ;  and  unless  the 
ojenerous  society  had  made  provisionfor  teaching  Eng- 
Hsh  as  well  as  Dutch,  (German)  it  would  not  have 
answered  their  benevolent  design,  whicli  is  to  quali- 
fy the  Germans  for  all  the  advantages  of  native  Eng- 
lish subjects.  Viia  this  could  not  have  been  done, 
without  giving  them  auopporlunity  of  learnhig  Eng- 
lish, by  spcakhig  of  which  they  may  expect  to  rise  !•) 
places  of  profit  and  honor  m  the  country.  They  will 
likewi.'-o  be  thereliy  enabled  to  buy  or  sell  to  the 
greater  a.dv-.uifa.ge  m  our  markets,  to  understand  th.j- 
4)\  1!  causes  in  courts  of  justice,  where  pleadings  are 


S92  HISTORY    OP    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY. 

in  English,  to  ktiow  what  is  doing  in  the  comilry 
around  them,  and,  in  a  word,  to  judge  and  act  entire- 
ly for  theniselves  without  being  obliged  to  take  things  ■ 
upon  the  word  of  others,  whose  interest  it  may  be  to  I 
deceive  and  mislead  them.  \ 

"We  have  only  further  to  add,  that  having  thus  | 

published,  in  our  names,  a  true  and  laitht'ul  account  j 

of  (ho  rise  and  progress  of  this  excellent  charity,  down  : 

to  the  present  time,  we  hope  it  will  candidly  be  re-  ^ 

ceived  as  such,  and  prevent  many  wrong  conjecturea  ' 

and  insinuations,  ilial.  might   otherwise  have   lieen  I 

made,  if  we  had  not  given  this  genuine  and  necessary  ( 

information  concerning  it.     From  the  foregoing  plan  i 

it  plainly  appears,  tliat  as  the  chief  manageuient  is  in  i 

the  people  ihemselves,  it  nmst  he  entirely  their  own  f 
faults,  if  these  schools  do  not  become   the  greatest 

blessing  to  many  generations,  that  ever  was  proposed  / 

in  this  coinitry.     Such,  and  so  benevolent  are  the  de-  I 

signs  of  this  new  society  !  } 

I 

"And  surely,  now,  wo  may  be  permitted  in  linii  v 

name,  to  andrc^s  you,  countrymen  and  fellow  Chris-  \ 

tians,  for  whose  lenetit  the  great  work  is  undertaken !  | 

AVe  cannot  but  entreat  you  to  consider,  of  what  ini-  i 

portance  such  a  scheme  must  be  to  you,  and  your  S 
children  afu^r  yoa.     VVe  are  imwilling  to  believe  diat 

there  are  any  persons,  who  do  not  heartily  wish  sue-  » 

cess  to  a  design  so  pious  and  benevolent.     But,  ii',  1 

unhappily  lor  thumseives,  there  should  be  any  such  ■ 

among  us,  we  are  bound  in  charity  to  suppose  they  * 

have  never  yetreflected  that,  whilst  they  indulge  such  \ 

wishes,  they  are  in  fact  acting  a  part,  plainly  repug-  '' 
nant  to  the  interests  of  liberty,  true  religion,  and  Lveli 

of  human  nature.  | 

"  Manki'id  in  general  are,  perhaps,  scarcely  rai.-cd 
more^  by  iheir  nature,  above  the  brutes,  than  a   man 
loell  imlructed  above  the  man  of  no  knowledge  ur        I 
education  ;  and  whoever  strives  to  keep  a  peoiUe  in        \ 
ignorajice,  nuisl  cerlahily  harbor  notions  or  desi-i.s 

! 
\ 
f 


HisTORir  OP  schttylkill  county.  393 

that  are  unfavorable,  eitlier  to  their  civil  or  religious 
liberty.  For  wl)ilst  a  people  are  incapable  of  know- 
ing their  own  niterests,  or  judging  lor  theuiselves, 
they  cannot  be  governed  by  i'ree  principles,  or  by 
their  own  choice  ;  mid  though  they  should  not  be  im- 
mediate slavAes  of  the  government  under  which  they 
live,  yet  tliey  must  he  slaves  or  dupes  to  those  whose 
councils  they  are  obliged  to  have  recourse  to,  and  fol- 
low blindly  o)i  all  occasion.^,  Avhich  is  the  most  dis- 
honorable species  of  slavery. 

"But  on  the  other  haiiJ,  a  design  for  instructing  a 
people,  and  adorning  the  minds  of  their  children  with 
useful  knowledge,  can  carry  nothing  in  it  but  what  is 
friendly  to  liberty,  and  aUo]>icious  to  all  the  most  sa- 
cred interests  of  mankind. 

,  "  Were  it  otherwise,  why  are  so  many  of  the  greatest 
and  best  men,  both  of  the  British  and  German  nations^ 
engaged  in  the  undertaking  ?  Why  have  they,  as  it 
were,  stooped  from  their  high  spheres,  and  even  conde- 
scended to  beg  from  house  to  house,  in  order  to  promote 
it!  Is  not  all  tbi.-^  ilono  wiih  tbe  glorious  intention  of 
relieving  from  distressful  ignorance  that  was  like  to 
fall  upon  you  ?  Is  it  not  done  with  a  view  to  call 
you  up  to  all  the  advantages  of  free  and  enlightened 
subjects,  capable  of  thinkmg  and  acting  for  yourselves? 
And  shall  they  call  you  in  vain?  God  forbid!  li' 
by  atiy  infatuation,  you  sliould  neglect  the  means  of 
knowledge  and  eternal  hap])iness,  now  offered  you, 
think  seriously  what  must  be  the  consequence.  You 
Avill  be  accountable  in  the  sight  of  Almighty  God,  not 
only  lor  your  own  sad  negligence,  but  for  all  that  mis- 
ery and  slavery,  which  you  may  thereby  entail  upon 
your  hapless  olfspring  to  tlio  latest  generations.  Your 
very  names  will  be  held  in  abhorrence  by  your  own 
children,  if",  for  the  Avant  of  instruction,  their  privi- 
leges should  either  be  abridged  here,  or  they  should 
fall  a  piOy  to  the  error  and  slavery  of  our  restless  ene- 
mies. 

'^'  (.'.'.a  oiuhecontraiy,  ifproper  instructions  are  begui. 


3!94  KispoRY    OF    SCHirv'LKILL   C0UNT7. 

now,  and  const.mtly  carried  on  among  you,  no  design 

can  ever  be  hatched  against  your  rehgion  or  Hbci  ties,  | 

but  what  you  shall  quickly  be  able  to  discover  and  | 

defeat.     All  tJie  arls  of  your  enemies  will  be  uf  no  i 

avail  to  sever  you  from  your  true  interests,  as  men  *' 

and  as  i.'rcie.staiiis.     You  shall  know  how  to  make  \ 

the  true  use  of  all  y.mr  noble  privileges,  and  instead  f 
of  moving  iu  a  dry  ;\iid  barren  land,  where  no  water 

is,  you  and  your  posterity  sliall  llourish  from  a^e  ta  f 

age,  hi  all  ihat  is  valuable  hi  human  life.     A  ba^'nen  | 

region  .shall  be  tnr;ied  into  a  fruitful  country,  a. id  a  1 

thirsty  lanrl  into  pools  of  water.     'J'he  wilderness  and  I 

solitary  place  slj;dl  bo  ghid  through  you,  and  the  de-  ] 

sen  shall  r^yoi-c  ami  blossom  as  the  rosu.     Isa.  J5."  [ 

A  school    uh'ler    ihis   scheme  was  establish^  d  uc  [ 
Easton,  in    17Jo,  aswill  appear  from  the  following, 

copied  Irom  a  paper  published  at  Kaston,  li\    l/r.  ^ 

JJelrick  :  i 


EASTON  FIJEE  SCHOOL  IN  1755. 


Ilie  followii)-;  isa  true  copy  of  the  original  sub-  f 

■scription  list  ti/r  die  ereetion  of  a  school  house,  loinid  i 

among  a  bundle  ol'  antitpiated  papers -by  a  tYieiul,  \ 

who  has  handed  it  tu  nsfor  publication,  (184J.)  '['hi  f 

document  goes  to  ];rovc  that  8S  (89)  years  aL:o,  a  [ 

proper  spirit  pervaded  the  settlers,  as  respects  educa-  I 

tion,  and  that  they  were  cpiile  as  liberal  as  their  pes-  ; 

lerity,  and  jjorhaps  more  so,  especially  if  the  restricted  l 

means  of  Uie  donors  and  the  simplicity  of  the  man-  * 

ners  of  the  people  of  that  age,  are  taken  into  eon-  ' 

sideration.  ., 

We  have   made  some  enquiry  in  relation  to  lii*^  \ 
building  and  the  coniribut(n-s  for  its  erection      Our 

oldest  inhabitants  can  give  but  little  account  of  iIkj  free  *■ 

school  of  1755,  although  tla;  descendants  of  :-everal  \ 

whose  names  are  subscribed,  are  ytit  among  n.-,     it  \ 
■(vus  V  large  one-:-:tory  log  building  with  a  eeliar  tinder 


HISTOUY    OF    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY.  395 

it,  containing  three  rooms,  one  of  them  large,  which 
was  used  as  a  churcli  and  school  room. 

'^  Its  site  was  a  I'iav  feet  east  of  the  German  Re- 

formed church,  and  was  removed  soon  after  that 
"  f  building  was  put  up,  about  ilie  time  of  the  Revolution. 
®  The  vane  which  swung  over  the  first  scliool  house 

^  in  Easton,  is  the  only  rclick  jireserved. 

r 

)  William  Parsons  v/as    a   shoemaker,  who   after- 

i  wards   became  Surveyor  GLnieral  of  Pennsylvania. 

He  surveyed  and  laid  'vai  ;lie  town  of  Easroii,  and 
was  the  lirst  prothonotary  of  the  county,  which  was 
created  by  the  crown,  in  the  year  1752.  Mr.  Parsons 
died  about  that  tune,  and  is  buried  in  the  German 
Reformed  burial  ground,  where  his  tomb-stone  can 
yet  be  seen.  Of  the  lorly-tvvo  contributors,  a  large 
number  nnist  have  been  biu'ied  out  of  town.  The 
villiage  at  that  lime  did  not  coritain  half  that  number 
of  lieads  of  families. 


SUBSCRU'TIONS     roWAKl)    l.i  llDlMJ    A    FHEK     SCHOOL     HOUSE 
m:-  W    KA.TON. 

We  the  subscribers,  being  truly  sensible  of  the  great 
advantages  our  posterity  may  reap  from  the  excellent 
charitable  scheme  lately  Ibinied  in  England,  lor  the 
education  of  Protestant  yoath  in  Pennsylvania,  and 
being  extremely  desirous  to  encourage  and  promote 
the  same,  as  far  as  in  (uu-  power  lies,  have  engaged 
and  agreed,  and  liercby  do  engage  and  agree  to,  and 
with  William  Parsons,  James  Martin,  Peter  Traxler, 
Esq.,  John  Lefever,  Lewis  Gordon  and  Peter  Kich- 
line,  Deputy  Trustees,  nieulioiied  and  appointed  by 
the  Trnstcts  Gcnr-.ral  of  (lie,  said  charitable  scheme, 
that  each  of  us  will  pay  ilu:  sum  of  money,  and  do 
and  perform  the  work,  labor  and  service  in  building 
and  ei-ectiDg  a  school  liouyo,  which  may  occasionally 
be  made  use  ol'  ns  a  clmreh  for  any  Protestant  min- 
ister, to  our  iuunos  liereuuder  respectfully  set  down 


396 


^F    SCHUYLKILL  COUNTY. 


and   aftixod       Dated  Easton,  Pa.,  the  31st  day  oi 

July,  A,  D.,  1755: 

William  Saiitli.  in  behalf  of  the 

proprietor  and  trustees,  30£      00s.      oOJ, 

William  Parsons,  5 

Lewis  Gordon,  3 

Nicholas  ScuU,  3    .       • 

Nathaniel  Vernon,  3 

Peter  K  id i line,  '  2 

Christian  R inker,  "       1 

Jacob  I^a.ehman,  1 

Jacob  Iviiuur,  .  1 

Adam  Yolie,  1 

Lewis  Kiiauss,  10 

Lewis  Kiotz,  10 

Henry  Becker,  7  G 

George  MicJKioi  Shortz,  .  15 

John  Sevitz,  15 

Anthony  Esor,  15 

Charles  Iteichart,  15 

John  Wa^de  '  I 

Ceorg(!   JMUc^L  Pecker,  1 

John  Uinker,  10 

N.  N.,  7  G 

Daniel  Geese,  '        5 

Jeremiah  Candy  Rassel,  1 

Paul  Ml! lor,  1  5 

John  J^'ricker,  1  0 


Pcnnsylvarda  currency,        ^£61  Is 

Myer  Hart,  30  pounds  nails. 
Paul  Ueesov,  1,000  shingles, 
Jacob  Miner,  12  day's  work. 
Steplicu  llor}),  1  week's  work. 
Henry  Allshou&e.  5  day's  work.  » 
John  Horn,  5  day's  work. 
John.  Finley,  d  day's  work. 
Jo!m  Nich.olas  Roeder,  1  week's  work. 
Ijarlliolomew  Hoiiman,  5  day's  mason  w^>il 
Robert  Mdler,  i  day's  mason  work. 


00c 


HXSTOliV    OP    SflUlYLKILL   COUNTY.  397 

1   John  George  Bush,  5  day's  carpenter  work. 

Jacob  Krorz,  5  day's  carpenter  work. 

Jarnes  Fuller,  5  day's  stone  digging.  , 
■  John  Chapman.  3  day's  carting  stone. 
'   Henry  Uinker,  fiO  hnsiids  lime. 

Henry  Bush  and  John  Widenian,  30  wagons  stone 
■  and  digging. 

Thomas  Harris,  50  sash  lights. 

There  is  perhaps  no  county  in  the  state  that  can 
vie  with  Northampton  for  good  schools,  academies, 
semhuiries,  and  a  college  i;f  reputable  standing. 

Lafayette.  College  had  its  origin,  says  Day,  in  the 
public-spirited  exertions  of  Hon.  James  Porter,  and  a 
number  of  other  intelligent  citizens  of  Easton.  A 
charter  had  been  granted  in  1S2G,  and  a  board  ot 
trustees  organized  ;  but  attempts  to  procure  funds 
were  tor  several  years  unsnccessful.  It  was  originally 
designed  for  a  militaiy  school,  after  the  model  ol 
Capt.  Patridge's  academy;  but  this  plan  not  meeting 
with  general  a[)probation,  it  was  changed  m  1832,  foi 
that  ot'  u  collegiate  luslitation,  on  the  mamial-labor 
system. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Junkin  was  appointed  president,  as- 
sisted by  several  prolossors.  The  legislature  having 
failed  to  make  an  appropriation  in  aid  of  the  college. 
an  appeal  was  made  to  the  public  spirit  of  the  citizen? 
of  Easton  and  PhUodelphia,  for  funds  to  erect  tli»' 
present  edihce,  temporary  accommodations  having 
been  rented  for  the  first  year.  Tiiis  appeal  was  suc- 
cessful;  and  on  the  4lh  July,  1S33,  the  cornerstone 
was  laid  by  Hon.  J.  jM,  Porter,  president  of  the  boan' 
of  trustees,  with  appropriate  ceremonies. 

The  edifice  is  112  feet  by  44,  containing  in  all  sixty 
rooms,  and  has  received  the  name  of  Brainerd  Hall 
inmamory  of  tiie  pious  labors  of  that  devoted  mis- 
sionary in  this  region.  The  lirst  term  was  opened  in 
the  new  building  in  Afay,  1«34,  wlien  Rev.  J)r.  Juin 
Mil  and  dirce  other  professors  were  duly  hiaugurand. 


3-98 


niSTOIlY    OF    SCHUYLKILL   COUNTY. 


The  insiimtiou  has  continued  to  llourish.  In  ISli'^ 
or  '41,  the  Rev,  Dr.  Jnnkin  resigned  and  took  charge 
of  an  instidition  in  Ohio  ;  when  he  was  succeeded  by 
the  Rev.  Yeomaus,  a  graduate  of  Wihiarns  CoUcge, 
Mass.  Tlie  Rey.  Yeonians  has  since  resigned,  Mixd 
Dr.  Junkin  is  again  president  of  the  histitution.  The 
laculiy  is  composed  of  men  of  talent  and  pro- 
fessed erudition,  and  the  insthution  commands  an 
honorable  rank  among  the  literary  histitutions  ol  ihis 
country. 

The  course  ol'  instruction  is  thorougli  and  liberal^, 
as  will  ai)pertr  from  the  subjoined  extract,  from  (he 
catalogue  of  1814  : 

COURSE    OF  INSTRUCTION. 

I'RLriHMKN    CLASS. 


Firsi   Term. 
Livy. 

Graica  Minora  cumpieted. 
fineca  IShijora  commenced. 
Classical  Liierauue,  (Esch- 

enburg's  Mamial.) 
Algebra. 
Plane    Geometry,   (Davies' 

Legendrc.) 


Second  Term. 
Odes  of  Horace. 
Grieca  Majora. 
Classical  Literatun,. 
Algebra  completed 
Solid  and  Spherical  Ge- 
ometrv. 


30PU0M0RE    CLASS. 


First   Term. 
Horace,  Satires  &:  Epistles. 
iEschines  de  Corona. 
Classical  Lileratiue. 
Algebra  revist;:!. 
Plane  Trigonometry. 
Application  of  Algebra  to 

Plane  Geometry. 
Geometrical  Constructions. 
Spherical  Trigonometry. 


Second  Term. 
Cicero  de  Oliiciis. 
Demosthenes    de     (](»- 

rona. 
Classical  Literature. 
Blair's  Rhetoric. 
Analytical  Geoincby, 
Surveyuig. 


HI.STOUY    or    .SCTr!iy;,KILL  COUNTY.  3i)0 

^■/ . 

•i;  ,.^,  ji'Niou  (.•ii,.vss. 

Fir.^i   Ttrm.  Second  Term. 

Tacitus.  Cicero  de  Oratore. 

(Edijtuii  Tyiuiiuus.  (.'-loplio-  l<jUriijides'  Medea. 

cles.)  iSlechaiiics  completed. 

Differeiitialiiiid  liit  ,-ial  bal-  l)(!scrii)tive  Geomery. 

,  cidi,  (YouiJg's.)  Lineal  Perspective. 

Navigation  &  Nautical  As-  (Jivil  Eiigiueeriug. 

troiiouiy.  Astronomy. 
Optics,  (15rcw.slei-''s.)  ■'  / 

Mechai)icsliegan,(Yoiiiig's.)  •'    . 

Chemistry. 


.;'    ■.  •  SENICK   CI  ASS.  >  ' 

i'i'''    ■■ 

'         F'n^l  Tcnii.  Second  Term. 

Juvenal.  Cainpbell's    Philosophy  of 
Longiniis.  Klictoric. 

>'  Intellectual  Philosophy.  .\hKal  Pliilosopliy. 

Whateley's  liOgic,  HiUler's  Analogy, 

Cttmphell's  PhilosDidiy  Pohiical  Economy. 

ot"  kheioric.  (Jonsiilntion  of  the  United 
Natural  Philosophy.  States. 

'Chemistry.  Review  of  Studies.       ,    ■..     „ 
Anatomy  and  Physiology.  .      '    \*' 

Exercises  in  public  speaking  are  required  from  all 
the  classes  weekly  throughout  the  year. 

The  Freshmen  and  Sophomore  classes  have  exer- 
cises in  translation  and  .I:]iiglish  composition  at  the 
discretion  of  the  Faculty. 

Instruction  in  French  and  German  is  provided  for 
such  as  desire. 

The  students  of  ;j11  the  departments  are  required  to 
attend  jmblic  worship  on  the  Sabbath,  in  that  church 
which  the  pvii'iMit  or  guardian  may  designate,  or  which 
die  siudenl;  vhon  tlu;  choice  is  left  to  hiru;  may  prefer 
to  attend. 


400  HISTORY    OF    SCHUYLKILL  COUNTY. 

A  record  is  ]<:ept  of  the  punctuality,  diligence,  sclioK 
arship,  and  general  behaviour  of  each  student ;  a  re- 
port of  v/hich  is  sent  to  the  parent  or  guardian  at  his 
request,  or  at  tlio  discretion  of  the  Faculty. 


TEIVMS    OF    ADMISSION    TO    THE     COLLEGE    CLASSL 


Lectures  on  ChcMiistry  are  given  during  the  iii;=L  f 

session  ;  on  Niitural  Pliilosophy,  the  last  ses.siou  of  J 

Junior  and  the  lirst  of  Senior ;  on  Mineralogy  and  j 

Geology,  the  second  session;  on  Political  Kccnon\y  | 

and  Jurisprudence,  the  second  session  ;  on  Anatomy  ■, 

and  Physiology,  during  both  sessions;  Rhetoric  and  t 

Belles  Lettres,  both  the  first  and  second  sessions.  | 

The  moans  of  iubt  ruction  in  Chemistry  have  been  | 

enlarged.     The  apparatus  is  now  extensive  and  in  t 

good  order,  and  ]no vision  is  made  for  a  full  course  : 

of  lectures  and  experiments  in  that  department  i 


For  admission  into  the  Freshmen  Class,  the  apph 
cant  is  examined  in  Arithmetic,  English  Gramnun, 
and  Geography;  Latin  Grammar,  (Gould's  Adams',) 
Historia  "Gruji/a  or  Jacob's  Latin  Header,  Ce jar's 
Commeniaries,  Cicero's  Select  Orations,  Ovid's  M^i-  t 
amorphoses  (expurgated,)  Sallust,  Virgil,  and  the  j 
first  part  of  Mair's  Introduction  to  Latin  Syn'cx;  » 
Greek  Grammar,  Greek  Testament,  Graica  Minora 
(in  part ;)  Algebra  through  Simple  Equations. 

For  admission  to  advanced  standing,  the  apjjiicant 
must  sustain  examination  in  the  studies  completed  by     y 
the  clah.5  he  jiroposes  to  enter.  j 

TesiuuGuial.i  oi  good  character  are  in  all  cases  re-     • 
quired.  j 

The  earliest  age  at  which  it  is  advisable  iVir  a  .^m-     { 
tlent  to  enter  the  Frcjlimeu  Class,  is  fourteen  years,       i 


m 

V^  HISTORY    OF    iClIOYLKILL   COUNTY.  40t 

Commericemciit  is  on  the  thiixl  Wednesday  of  Sep- 
tember. 

The  vacation  after  coinaiencement  is  six  weeks. 
The  fust  session  commences  at  the  close  of  that  va- 
cation, and  conthiiiestAventy  weeks.  The  spring  va- 
cation is  six  weeks.  The  second  session  is  twenty 
weeks,  and  closes  on  ihe  ihird  Wednesday  of  Seji- 
(ember. 

Tlie  two  Literary  Societies  of  the  College  hold  a 
public  exhibition  at  the  close  of  the  first  session.  The 
annual  :xliibition  of  the  Junior  Class  is  on  the  even- 
ing preceding  connnencemcnt. 

The  Literary  Societies  liave  two  halls  in  the  fourth 
story  of  the  main  College  building,  which  are  spaciou.s 
and  elegantly  furnished.  Each  Society  has  also  an 
extensive  and  valuable  library. 

The  Brainerd  Ev^aui^elical  Society  has  a  spacious 
hall  a])propriated  to  its  papers  and  library.  This  So- 
ciety holds  its  anniversary,  and  has  a  public  address, 
at  the  close  of  ihc  wiiii  .t  scs-sion. 

EXAMINATIONS. 

All  the  classes  are  examined  in  the  middle  and  at 
the  close  of  the  first  session,  in  all  the  studies  of  the 
.session.  The  final  examination  of  the  Senior  Class 
begins  on  the  fifth  Monday  before  commencement, 
'ilie  other  classes  are  examined  in  the  middle  and  at 
the  close  of  the  second  session,  as  in  the  first. 

The  examinations  are  jHiblic,  and  are  conducted: 
before  a  committee  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 


•402  lIIiTOSr    OP    SCHUYLKILL  COUNTF. 


The  price  ot  boarding  in  the  Co.ege  refectory  is  &1 
87|  per  wuek,  which  for  forty  weeks  is       iS:  G  CO 

Tuition,  room-roit,  use  of  hbrary  and  appa- 

ratusj  i(.  00 

Fuel,  stoves,  and  tending  fires  for  winter 

session,  ^  7  (iq 

Tor  incidentai  expcibos,  50  cents  each  ses- 
sion, J   riu 

$\2:i   00  f 

Pupils  of  the  i\h:idel  School,  who  occupy  pjoms  in  | 

the  College,  pay  $15  per  session  lor  tuition  and  room  j 

rent ;  tliose  wlio  do  not  room  in  the  College,  pay  i^sio  i 

for  tuition.     Each  pupil,  not  boarding  in  the  College,  | 

pays  $1,50  in  the  winter  session  for  fuel  for  the  school  I 

room.  I 

The  liills  for  i^acli  session  arc  payable  half  .a  d;.:  * 

beginning  and  half  at  the  middle  of  each  session  :  ex-  | 

cept  the  iVicl  bill  for  the  winter  session,  which   is  all  | 

to  be  paid  in  ad\^ance.     When  ])ayinent  is  pro.nptly  \ 

made  according  to  this  rule,  a  deduction  of  124  cenif^  ;' 
per  week  i,i  m:ide  from  the  price  of  boarding. 

Washing  is  done  in  the  Steward's  departni..=u  ai  [ 

3Tk  cents  per  dozen  pieces.  \ 

Students  provide  their  own  beds  and  furnitun;.  [ 

Students  under  the  patronage  of  the  Gener.-.l  As-  I 

sembly'^  Hoard  of  ICducation,  and  others  who  are  ; 

preparing  for  the  gospel  ministry,  and  whose  cliarac- 

ler  and  circllmsLaIlCl^s,  in  the  judgment  of  the  Trus-  \ 

tees,  entitle  them  to  the  benefit,  have  boarding  ii.,  (he  ! 

College  refectory  at  .;^1  per  week.     The  'j^-ust- •  -■  sup-  * 

ply  the  balance  out  of  lunds  provided  fur  U-at  pur-  * 

po.v).  j 

Studcni:,  wiiu  w^n  to  spend  their  hours  ..['  .l.oi.  i 

r..vercise  in.  manual  labor,  for  their  own   j-ocuuu.'v'  ! 


HISTORY    OP    SCllDYLKILL  COUNTY.  403 

benefit,  can  work  on  the-  grounds  adjacent  to  the  Col- 
lege, and  receive  a  just  compensation  for  their  labor. 

i>  1H£  MODEL    SCHOOL 

Is  under  the  immediate  instruction  and  government 
«f  the  Principal,  subject  to  tiie  general  direction  of  the 
College  Faculty. 
I  'J'lie  pupils  of  ilus  school  who  board  in  the  College, 

ij  have  rooms  in  tlic  College  buildings,  and  take  their 
meals  in  the  refectory.  Tliey  are  required  to  attend 
public  jnayersd;uly  HI  i!)!' i.'hapel,  and  public  worship 
ill  church  and  ih'i  Icctitre  in  the  College  on  the  Sab- 
bath. 

A  select  couis;;  oL  f  jigli:,h  study  is  pursued  in  ihiN 
school,  by  such  as  \*a.sl:  to  become  teachers  of  coni- 
mon  scliools. 

The  course  of  instruction  preparatory  to  admission 
into  the  College,  is  also  givM.'U  to  such  as  desire  to  jun- 
sue  their  ]n'eporat(n-y  studios  luider  the  direction  ol 
the  Faculty. 

The  Scniinavi.s  of  Na'/areih  and  Belhlehem,  so 
well  and  descrvi  dly  f.ivorably  known,  have  already 
been  noticed.  IJL-sidt.s  these  institutions,  there  an 
several  academies  in  tliese  comities  of  advanced  stand- 
ing, exerting  a  hap])y  influence  upon  the  community. 

'J'he  i)ublic  connnon  schmjl  system  has  been  ad>»pi- 
ed  in  every  district  in  Northampton  county,  in  every 
district  in  Monroe,  except  in  Penn  Forest  and  Pricu 
townships;  in  Lehigh,  the  townships  of  Heidelberg. 
Lowliill,  Lynn,  Lower  Macungie,  Upper  Saucon  and 
Weisenberg  :  in  Sehuylkill  county,  the  townships  (jt 
Barry,  I'kist  Ihauiswig.  Lower  Mahantango,  Upper 
Mahantango,  iManheim,  Pine  Grove,  Rush,  IJnii)n, 
Wayne,  ^Vest  Penn  acd  West  Prunswig,  have  not 
accejited  (he  t.ysreni.  Carbon,  a  newly  orgam/ed 
county,  Ik.:,  also  ndopicil  liie  system  partially,  'i'hi  i. 
IS  nmcli  r'.oHi  fu'  iiuiifo\fment  in  the  cominun 
schools. 


mt 


APPENDIX; 

CONTAINING   i'lIE  JOURNALS 


lAMES  YOUNG.  rOMVliySARY  GENERAL, 

Wno  visited  lit  /wlun,  &;c.  in  17£6; 

CAPTMN    JOHN    VAN    ETTEN, 

At  Ton  }I)riiishaw    Fori  Hamilton,  &c.  &c.,  and 

COL0Ni;i,  JAMES  BURU, 
WUo  visited  a  nr.iaber  of  f  ^  its  in  1768— embracing  a  ntunber  oi 

IfACTS  OV  DEMI'  INTEREST 


EARLY  HISTORY  ot  NORTH.lMI  TON  and  ADJACENT  OOUNTlES. 


If  Si 


m 


YOUNG'^S  JOURNAL 


A  .JOURNAL 

OF 

JAMES  YOUNG,  COIVIMISSARY  GENERAL, 

Of  the  Llusterta— Hum  Jane  19  to  June  26,  1756. 


1756,  June  lf)tli.  At  11  o^clock  in  the  morning  1 
'camu  to  Reading.  1  acni  an  express  to  Colonel 
Weiser  to  acquMiiii  liuii  with  my  intended  journey  to 
the  northern  iiouiier:  that  I  inclined  to  muster  the 
company  posted  liere,  and  that  I  should  want  some 
men  to  escort  n^e  to  the  next  fort. 

Ammunition  at  Reading,  viz  :  25  good  muskets , 
20  want  repairing,  il  broken  ones;  9  cartouch 
boxes,  240  pounds  ol'  powder,  and  600  pounds  ot 
lead. 

At  G  P.  M.,  Col.  Weiser  came  here.      I  mustered 
his  company  lluu  is  pulled  here  as  a  guard  to  this 
place.     The  compaviy  (;oiisists  of  30  men,  viz  :  2  ser- 
geants ani.1  28  private  soldiers ;  2  of  them  were  ab 
sent  at  Col.  VVeisar's  hou.se. 

20.  At  2  F.  M.,  1  set  cut  from  Reading, escortfc'i 
h;  Jive  men  uf  d.e  lowr  oo  iiorse  back,  for  the  fort  ^.i 


'^^^  APPENDIX.  ♦ 

t 

North  Kill.    It  is  about  19  miles  from  Reading.    Ti  f 

road  i.s  very  bad  and  hilly— thick  of  wood.     T\r^  loi .  ! 

is  about  nino  miles  to  the  westward  of  Schuylkill,  and  • 

stands  in  a  very  ihiek  wood,  on  a  small  rising  ground  f 

half  a  mile  from  tlie  Middle  North  Kill  creek.     It  is  I 

intended  for  a  squar.;  of  about  32  feet  each  way— at  | 

each  corner  is  a  half  bastion  of  very  little  service  to  | 

flank  the  cunains— the  stockades  are  badly  fixed  in  | 

tlie  ground,  and  o])en  in  many  ])laces.     Within  l>  a  | 

very  bad   log  hcu.so  for  the  people;  it  has  iiu  eiiim-  | 

ney,  and  can  aiford  but  little  shelter  in  bad  weather.  | 

When  I  came  here,  die  Sergeant,  who  is  commaialor.  | 

was  absent  asid  gone  to  the  next  plantation  h,.![  a  f 

mile  ofl;  but  sopm  came  when  he  had  intelligen.'e  I  | 

was  there,     lie  uAd  me  he  had  fourteen  men  j.r.ted  I 

with  him,  all  dctacbed  from  Captain  Morgan's  com-  | 

pany  at  Fort  Lebanon,  fiv^e  of  them  were  absei.t  by  f 
his  leave,  viz:    Twu  ho  had  let  go  to  Heading  fJr 

three  days;  one  he  had  let  go  to  his  own  hou.vr;  le.n  . 

miles  ofi;  and  two  men  this  afternoon   a  low  miles  ' 

from  the  fort  on  their  own  bushiess.     There  wen:  but  : 

eight  men  and  the  S:;rgeant  on  duty.     I  am  of  opin-  ' 

ion  there  ouglit  lo  be  a  commissioned  officer  liere,  as  I 

the  Sergeant  does  not  do  his  duty,  nor  are  the  men  | 

under  proper  conmiand  for  the  want  of  a  superior  { 

officer.  I 

The  woods  are  not  cleared  for  the  space  of  forty  ( 

yards  from  the  fort.     I  gave  orders  to  cut  all  the  [yv-i,  f 

down  foi  two  hundred  yards.     I  inquired  why  ihere  I 

was  so  Uule  powdt^r  and  ball  here.     The  S.ngeant  ? 

told  me,  he  had  repeatedly  requested  more  of  (.^upfain  \ 

Morgan,  but  to  no  purpose.      The  provisioi,s  heru  • 

-xrr-  floor  and  nun  foe  four  weeks.      Mr,  Sc-b,  a  ^ 


AI'PEjnDIX.  411 

heading,  .sends  the  otilceis  mon<2y  to  purchase  meat 
as  they  want  it. 

Provincial  anus,  &c.  Ihue  are  eight  good  mus- 
kets, i'owv  rounds  ci"  po\\;dcr  and  led  per  man,  fil'teen 
blankets  and  three  axes, 

21.  At  eight  ii'clock  Captain  Busse,  from  fort 
Henry,  came  iieio  ivith  eight  men  on  horse  back. 
He  expected  to  meet  Cel.  Welser  liere,  but  Col. 
Weisei  vruje  him  that  otlict  business  prevented  him, 
and  desired  Captain  Husso  i^>  proceed  with  me,  and 
return  him  an  account  how  he  found  the  forts,  with 
the  quantity  of  ;.iiiiiiii!.ilioa  and  stores  in  each,  of 
winch  I  was  very  glad,  as  the  escort  on  horse  back 
would  expedite  our  journt-y  very  much,  and  be  mucli 
saler.  Accordingly  we  set  out  for  fort  Lebanon.  All 
the  way  from  North  Ivill  to  Lebanon  is  an  exceed- 
ingly bad  road,  very  stony  and  mountainous.  About 
six  miles  li\>m  Norih  Kili,  wc  crossed  the  North 
mountain,  where  wc  met  Captain  Morgan's  Lieu- 
tenant with  ten  men,  rangiiig  the  woods  between  the 
mountain  and  Fort  Lebanon.  We  passed  by  two 
plantations.  The  rest  ol  the  country  is  chielly  bar- 
ren hills.  At  noon  we  came  to  Fort  Lebanon,  which 
is  situated  on  a  plane  j  on  one  side  is  a  plantation,  on 
the  other  a  barren,  pretty  clear  of  woods  all  round, 
only  a  few  trees  about  filty  yards  from  the  fort,  which 
I  desired  might  be  cut  down. 

The  fort  is  a  square  of  about  one  hundred  feet, 
well  stockaded  with  good  bastions,  on  one  side  of 
which  IS  a  good  wall  piece.  Within  is  a  good  guard 
house  for  tbe  people,  and  two  other  large  houses 
built  by  (he  country  people,  who  have  taken  a  refugt 
he..     L'.  uil  r,\x  families.   Tho  fort  is  a  little  toomucJ' 


412  APPENDIX. 

crowded  ;  on  that  account  I  acquainted  Captain  Alui . 
gan  that  the  Sergeant  at  North  Kill  did  not  do  lii^ 
duty,  9nd  I  bclievu  it  would  be  for  the  good  of  t!ic 
service,  to  have  a  commanding  officer  there.  On 
whicli  he  ordered  Ids  Lieutenant,  with  two  men,  lo 
go  and  take  post  there,  and  sent  with  hinr  (our 
pounds  of  powder  and  ten  pounds  of  lead. 

iiy  Captain  J.Iurgan's  Journal,  it  appears  li.;  .••ends 
a  party  cf  ten  n.en  to  range  the  woods  four  or  five 
times  a  \reek,  and  guard  tlie  inhabitants  at  dvii 
labor.  At  1  P.  M.,  I  mubteved  the  people,  aiid  rx- 
amined  die  icnifuMtesof  enlistment,  which  appear  jii 
the  muster  roll.  After  which  I  ordered  the  men  {o 
fire  at  a  mark  ;  fjin  un  or  eighteen  hit  within  two  u.ci 
of  the  centre  at  the  distance  of  eighty  yards. 

Provisions  here  are  dour  and  rum  for  a  iihintli. 
The  commissary  sent  them  money  to  purchase  -jieit 
as  they  want  ii. 

Provincial  arms  and  ammimition :  Twenlv-ri-iji 
good  muskets,  ten  Avant  repairing,  nine  rounds  of 
powder  and  lead,  four  pounds  of  powder,  tv/en'.y 
four  pounds  oi  k;ad,  thirty  cartouch  boxes,  fi;r!y 
blankets,  one  axe  and  one  wall  piece. 

At  half-past  direc  P.  JNl.,  we  set  out  with  the  ionn^r 
escort,  and  two  of  Captain  Morgan's  company,  for  il-j 
fort  above  AUemengel,  commanded  by  Lieuiennni 
Ingle — at  half-past  seven  we  got  there;  it  is  aboui 
iiineteen  miles  N.  E.  from  fort  Lebanon;  the  read  is ::  1 
narrow  ]<i\th,  very  li illy  and  swampy—about  half ' .' ■  y  i 
wo  ce.rue  dirough  a  very  tiiick  and  dangerea;;  |>.ne  i 
swamp.  Very  few  plantations  on  this  road ;  nio2:  vi  i 
them  descried^  and  the  liouses  buxnt  down.  Off-  | 
Lidf  u  'nilu  weilwi;!  d  of  this  fort  is  a  good  phuauJi g:;  ;      ^ 


«i' 


Al'l'KXDIX.  411 


the  people  return  lo  lUa  f,),i  every  night.  Tiiis  fort 
stands  ubout  oiiu  mile  \)<,ni  tlie  North  mountains; 
only  two  plaiit;'.;i'))is  ncnr  n. 

^i'liLs  loit  is  a  .sipuDtj  ai-joul  40  feet — very  badly 
stockaded,  with  tv/a  log  huuses  at  opposite  corners 
for  locations — all  r.'iy  unlit  for  defence.  The  stock- 
ades Uic  very  upj.i  in  many  places.  It  stands  on  the 
bankof  acieekj  the  v/oods  clear  for  120  yards.  The 
Lieutenlain  ranges  iovvards  Fort  Lebanon  and  Fort 
Allen,  abnuL  I'.v.ir  liiiuv  :.  week.  Much  thunder, 
lightning  and  ram  all  nighi. 

Provincial  stores  ;  u.s  g  >od  muskets,  8  want  re- 
pairing, 16  cartoudi  boxes.  «  pounds  of  powder,  24 
pounds  of  lead,  and  12  rounds  for  3G  men,  'Jti 
blankets,  1  axe,  1  adz.  2  planes,  1  hammer, 2  shovels, 
9  small  tin  ketiles. 

At  8  A.  M.,  we  set  out  lor  Fort  Allen,  at  Gnadeu 
Ilulton.  It  is  about  ilfteeu  miles  from  Allemengel, 
The  first  seven  miles  oi  this  road  is  very  hilly,  barren 
and  swampy — no  plantations — the  other  part  of  the 
road  is  for  the  most  part  through  a  rich  valley,  chiefly 
meadow  ground — several  settlements,  but  all  the 
houses  burnt  and  deserted.  At  noon  we  came  to  the 
fort.  For  the  last  lialf  hour  before  we  came  there, 
we  had  a  very  severe  gust  of  thunder,  lightning,  and 
a  prodigiously  heavy  rain. 

This  stands  on  the  river  Leahy  (Lehigh,)  in  this 
pass  through  very  high  hills,  is,  in  my  opinion,  a 
very  important  place,  and  ]uay  be  of  great  service,  if 
the  olhcer  days  his  duty.  It  is  very  well  stockaded 
with  four  good  bastions.  On  one  is  a  swivel  gun. 
The  works  are  clear  ail  Vv  und  it  for  a  considerable 
wac  and  is  very  defensible      Within  are  three  good 


414  APPENDIX. 

barracks  and  a  guard  room.  I  found  here  15  n\Lh 
without  any  officer  or  commander.  They  told  rnc  I, 
Lieutenant  Jacob  Mies  and  two  men  from  the  ibvl  [ 
were  gone,  this  morning,  with  two  gentlemen  from  | 
Beihlehem,  and  lour  Indians,  15  miles  up  the  country  jt' 
to  bring  down  some  friendly  Indians ;  and  i\vd  (Kc  f 
Sergeant  w-ith  three  men  were  gone  to  Ca])t.  Fouik',.  | 
late  cominaiijer  liore,  to  receive  the  pay  that  is  tluQ  |. 
them;  and  ore  was  gone  to  Bethlehem  with  die  f 
Scigeant'.s  watch  h<  iiiund,  which  was  tlie  rca;;Cn  I  |' 
could  not  nmslt  r  those  present,  nor  have  anyatvo'iu! 
of  the  provisions,  but  saw  a  large  quantity  of  bjof 
very  badly  euro.]. 

I  was  iniornu  d  that  a  captain  with  a  new  c>anpci- 
ny  was  expected  thne  in  a  day  or  two  to  take  ])o^l 
at  this  fort.  Being  very  uncertain  when  the  J;ifu- 
tenant  would  return,  or  the  new  company  rjmw,  1 
resolved  lo  prucoed  to  Lehigh  Gap,  where  a  tl.  r  i;i. 
mcnt  of  a  company  was  posted. 

Provincial  .sturus  ;  27  muskets,  50  cartouch  bow-, 
10  pounds  of  jxnvdcr,  60  pounds  of  lead,  20  liuitui' 
filled  for  25  men,  1!)  axes,  4  broad  axes,  26  hiitcheh, 
43  tomahawks,  3  iron  w^edges  and  1  swivel  gim. 

At  4  P.  M.  set  out — at  6  came  to  Lehigli  (i-\\\ 
where  I  lound  a  Sergeant  and  eight  men  statio.,iid  ai  | 
a  farm  house,  v/ith  a  small  stockade  around  it.  From  * 
Fort  Allen  iiercj  the  road  is  very  hilly  and  sw:in)py.  I 
There  is  oidy  one.  plantation  about  a  mile  fnnn  th'.>  I 
gap.  1  ibiind  (1)0  jx.'ople  here,  were  a  detauhmeiii  } 
from  Captain  Wenihcrolt's  company — he  is  staiiiv/,cj  j- 
uJi  the  otlier  bide  ilie  gap,  3  miles  from  this  wiih  12  I 
men  Th'e  rest  of  Ids  company  is  at  Uepue'o.  and  ^^ 
another  gap   15   ruIl's   from  this.      1  despait.'licd   a       t 


i 


ArPENUix.  415 

messenger  to  Capr.  Weatherolt,  desiring  him  to  come 
here  in  the  morning  with  the  men  under  his  command, 
to  be  mustered.  The  people  stationed  here,  and  on 
tire  other  side  of  tl?.e  gap,  1  tliink,  may  be  of  great 
service,  as  it  is  a  good  road  tlu'ough  the  mountain, 
and  very  steep  and  higli  oii  eacli  side,  so  may,  in  a 
great  measure,  prevent  any  Indians  to  pass  through 
undiscovorod,  if  ti^ey  keep  a  good  guard.  Here  the 
river  Leliigh  j)asses  tlirough  tlie  mountain,  and  is  a 
very  rapid  stroaii!, 

At  7  in  the  morning,  I  mustered  the  men  liere. 
The  Sergeant  informed  nie  ihat'Captain  Weatherolt 
was  gone  12  mihis  from  tliis,  imd  he  believed  on  his 
way  10  Philadelphia  for  iheir  pay,  which  was  the 
reason  the  people  did  not  come  here,  and  I  finding 
this  company  so  nmcli  disporsed  at  dilferent  stations, 
in  smaU  parties,  1  could  not  regularly  muster  them; 
tlicrel'ore  at  9  A.  M.  I  set  out  for  Fort  Norris.  Tiie 
road  for  the  iiis[  j,ij:  luilcs  is  a  good  wagon  road, 
along  the  loot  uf  the  North  mountain;  the  other 
seven  miles  very  hilly  and  ^tony.  Passed  three  plan- 
tations on  thi.'j  lOad — all  deserted  and  the  houses 
burnt  down. 

At  11  A.  M.  I  came  to  f'ort  Norris;  found  here  a 
Sergeant  commanding  Willi  21  men.  Tiie  Sergeaia 
told  me  that  the  (nisigu  with  12  men  was  gone  out  to 
range  the  woods  towaids  Fort  Allen — the  captain 
was  at  Philadelphia  ..ince  ihe  lG(h,  for  the  people's 
pay  ;  and  the  oiher  Sergeaiit  was  absent  at  Easton,on 
'furlough  since  th  ;  20ih. 

This  fori  stands  in  a  valley  nndway  between  the 
North  Uiountaiu  and  ihe  Tnsearora,  6  miles  fron: 
ea.cl,   i.n  the  hii-,'i  road  tov/ards  tlie  Minnesinks  ;  it  is 


416  APPENDIX. 

a  square,  about  SO  feet  each  way,  with  foui'  half 
bastions^  all  very  completely  stockaded,  finished  and 
defensible.  The  woods  are  clear  400  yards  roui.d  it. 
On  the  bastions  are  two  swivel  guns  mounted.    ^Vith- 

in  is  a  gocd  barrack,  guard  room,  kitchen— ais.)  a  ^ 

good  well.  I 

Provincial  stores  :   1 3  good  muskets,  3  burstcl  c-nco,  * 

16  very  bad,  32  cartouch  boxes,  100  pounds  el   \m)\v-  j 

dcr,  300  pounds  ol'  lead,  112  blankets,  39    ;;;\c.s,  3  ] 

broad  axes,  80  loiuahawks,  six  shovels,  2  giubbiiig  i 

hoes,  5  s])ades,  5  drawing  knives,  9  chisels,  3  adzci;,  5 

3  hand  s::.ws,  '2  augers  and  two  splitting  knivis.  | 

At  1  P.  M.  ihc  ensign  with  12  men  returned  Jro;u  | 

ranging;  they  had  ^een  nothing  of    any  India! 'S.     i  -i 

mustered  the  whole.,  31  innumlier,  stout,  able  bo'lied  i 

men.     The  tn.vign  has  no  certificate  of  enli;  (!(ii;;il  i 

The  arms  loaded  and  clean;  the  cartouch  boxe.s  filled  i 

with  12  rounds  per  inau.  | 

Provisions.     A  large  quantity  of  beef  very  ill  craed,  j 

standing  tubs;   a  (.|Uantity   of  biscuit  and  flour,  and  I 

about  50  gallons  ol'  rum.  i 

At.  2  P.  M    Oaptain  Weatherolt  came  her(>  lo  us,  ] 

he  had  been  on  his  way  to  ]*liiladelphia  ;  but  the  jug::  1 

senger  I  sent  last  laglit  overtook  him  8  miles  I'rom  his  1 
station.     He  brought  me  his  muster  roll  of  his  \^iioli: 

couipany,  and  certificates  of  enlistments,  and  proposed  | 

to  go  Avilh  me  to  Samuel  Depue's  where  his  lieulen-  j 

ant  and  2(5  men  are  stationed,  to  see  theiu  mu  ,tL.red.  • 

I  accepted  of  his  company.  ' 

^Vt  3  P.  1\1.  we  .^et  forth  from  Fort  Norris   on  our  j 

way  to  Fort  Ilaiiiillon.     At  G  P.  INI.    we  ci-awv.   to  \ 

Philip  Bosan's  farm,  12  miles  from  Fort  NoiriD;  hiie  J 

we  staid   ail  niLdu.     In  our  wav  to  this  h  u\>\  v.*:  f 


AT-l'EMDIX. 


417 


0:-    •:. 


found  theroad  very  iiiily,  thj  country  barren— passed 
by  three  plantations  ;  all  deserted  and  the  housesburnt 
down.  In  Bosart's  house  are  six  taniilies  from  other 
plantations. 

24th.  At  4  A.  M.  set  out  tVom  Bosart's  ;  at  G  came 
to  Fort  Hamilton  ;  dboui  7  miles  from  Jiosart's — a 
good  wagon  road,  and  tlio  land  better  than  any  1  had 
seen  on  the  noidi  side  of  th.:  mountain. 

Fort  llariultoa  stands  in  a  corn  field,  by  a  farm 
house,  hi  a  plain  and  clear  country  ;  it  is  a  square  with 
four  half  bastions,  all  Vvry  id  contrived  and  furnisli- 
ed  ;  the  stockades  an;  si.v  inches  open  in  many  ])laces 
and  not  firm  in  die  ground,  and  may  be  easily  pulled 
down.  Before  tlie  gaio  are  some  stockades  driven 
into  the  ground  to  cover  it,  whicli  I  think  miglit  be  a 
great  shelter  to  an  enemy.  I  therefore  order  to  pull 
them  down.  I  also  ordt;r  to  fill  up  the  other  stock- 
ades where  they  were-  ^ycv. 

I  found  liere  a  liemenaiit  and  eight  men,  seven 
were  gone  to  Easton  with  a  prisoner,  a  deserter  from 
General  Shirley's  regiment. 

Provincial  stores— one  wall  piece,  14  good  muskets, 
4  want  repairing,  16  cartonch  boxes  filled  with  i)ow- 
der  and  lead,  38  pounds  of  powder,  13  pounds  of  lead, 
10  axes,  one  broad  axe,  2fi  tomahawks,  28  blankets, 
3  drawing  knives,  3  splitting  knives,  2  adzes,  2  saws 
and  one  brass  kettle. 

At  8  A.  M.  set  ouifrom  Fort  Hamilton  for  Samuel 
Depue's,  where  Captain  W.jatherolt's  lieutenant  and 
26  men  are  slalioi.ed.  When  I  came  there  his  mus 
ter  roll  was  not  loady.  I  iherefore  proceeded  to  \\u 
next  fort;  iun  mdes  higher  \i[)  tlie  river  (Delaware)— 
at  i  J  .  AJ.  I  came  dicre.  Ii  is  u  good  plainroad  iVon; 
A  2 


41S  APPENDIX. 

Dupue's — tliero  are  many  plantations  this  way;  but 

all  deserted  and  tlie  houses  chieliy  burnt.  \ 

Found  at  ihio  fort  (Hyndshaw)  lieutenant  Hynd-  | 
shaw  wiiti  iio  men.     He  told  me  that  the  captain  widi 

five  men  had  cioiie  up  the  river  yesterday,  ana  did  i, 

not  expe'Jl  him  back  tliese  two  days.     They  had  been  | 

informed  from  tlie  Jerseys  that  six  Indians  liad  been  ^ 

seen  and  fired  at  the  night  before,  IS  miles  iI|J  tlie  f 

rive;-.  J 

This  i'>ri  JL-:  a  soLiare  about  70  feet  each  way.,  very  f 

lightly  Stockaded.     1  gave  some  directions  to  ah^yr  ihe  |^ 

bastions,  Vvhieli  at  r-resent  are  of  very  little  nsu.     It  j 

is  clear  all  round  lor  300  yards — the  fort  stahds  on  | 

the  banks  of  a  kirge  creek,  and  about  one-fourdi  of  a  | 

mile  fi'om  the  river  Delaware.     I  think  it  is  a  very  | 

important  place  for  die  defence  of  this  frontier.  ^ 

At  3  P.  JNI.  I  mustered  the  people,  and  find  ihciu  | 

agreoabi<;  lo  iln.  Ui;iitenant*s  roll  regularly  enli.M:;i.  f; 

Finding  hero  yuch  a  small  quantity  of  powdi  r  and  | 

lead,  and  Uus  fmt  the  most  distant  frontier,  I  wrote  a  l 

letter  to  Capt.  Orndt,  at  Fort  Norris,  where  there  is  | 

a  large  quaniity,  dcoiring  he  woidd  deliver  to  tlii.s  furt  i 

thnty  pounds  of  powder,  and  ninety  pounds  of  lead  ;  | 

and  I  promised  that  lie  should  have  proper  orders  I 

from  his  superi^n'  officers  for  so  doing,  in  the  mean  |; 

time  my  letter  should  be  his  security  •,  in  wliicli  1  hope  ! 

I  have  not  done  amiss,  as  I  thought  it  very  neceiiary  | 

for  the  gno'.l  of  tlic  ;  ervice.  ^ 

Provincial  3ioiv;.i--ll  good  muskets,  \4  rouiids  of  ^ 

powder  and  lead  for  30  men,  4  pounds  of  powder  | 

and  30  blankets.  j 

Ai  7  P.M.  came  to  Samuel  Depue's ;  nu'.'^teied  | 

that  p.ari  oi  Captain  Weatherolt's  company  rituiioiied  \ 


APPENDIX.  419 

liere  a  Lioulonaut  a  twonty-six  men,  all  regularly  en- 
listed for  six  months^  as  aic  the  rest  of  his  company. 
Around  Depue's  house  is  a  large  but  very  slight  and 
ill-contrived  storkcidc,  Vviih  a  swivel  gun  mounted  on 
each  corner. 

Mr.  Depue  was  iu>t  at  home.  His  son,  with  a  sou 
of  Broadhead'.j,  l-:ocping  house.  They  expressed 
themselves  as  if  they  lL*night  the  Province  was 
obliged  to  tlicm,  fur  allcwi.ig  this  party  to  be  in  their 
house,  also  made  uio  of  v.'iy  arrogant  expressions  of 
the  commissioners,  and  the  people  of  Philadelphia  in 
general.  They  icemto  make  a  mere  merchandize  of 
the  people  stationed  here,  selluig  rum  at  eight  pence 
per  gill. 

Provincial  stores — 13  good  muskets,  3  cartouch 
boxes,  13  pounds  of  powder,  and  22  pounds  of  lead. 

25.  At  5  A.  M.  set  out  from  Depue 's  for  the 
Wuid  r.a]),  wlu:i\j  paa  oi  ^VeathL■rolt's  company  is 
stationed.  Stoj^ped  at  Bosart's  plantation  to  find  our 
horses.  I  Avas  iufurnicd  this  morning,  that  two  miles 
from  the  house  in  the  woods,  they  found  the  body  of 
Peter  Hess,  who  had  been  murdered  and  scalped 
about  the  nronih  of  February. 

At  1 1  A.  M.  came  to  the  Wind  Gap,  when  I  found 
Captain  ^Veatherolt'o  ensign,  who  is  stationed  here 
with  seven  men,  at  a  farm  house — four  only  were 
present ;  one  was  gone  to  Bethlehem  with  a  letter 
from  the  Jerseys,  on  Indian  atl'airs ;  one  was  on  a 
farm  house  on  duty  ;  and  one  absent  on  furlough  from 
the  15lh  to  22d,  but  had  not  yet  returned.  I  told  the 
otlicer  hj  ought  Uj  estecui  him  a  deserter. 

I  found  iieve  ;jix  Proviiicu  muskets,  all  good,  an^i 
six  r  ui,Lls  of  pov.''dci'  and  load  for  each  man.     1  told 


420  '.ilENDIX. 

Cay)taiii  Wcaihcroh  to  send  a  supply  as  sooji  as  pus- 

siLle.  i 

Ai  3  P,  M.  .v^i  out  Irom  Wind  Gap,  for  Easloii.  | 

About  half  post  by  Nazareth  iriill,  around  which  xS  a  '•> 

large  but  slight  stockade,  about  400  feet  one  way,  ii\id  ^ 

250  feet  tlio  oiher,  v/ifh  log  houses  at  the  corners  Tur  \ 

bastions.  | 

At  u,  I  eanic  u)  E(l^lun — found  here  ensign  En-. lu,  j 

o(  Captain  En^-lee's  cornijany,  witii  24  men.     He  lohi  \ 

me  tlie  Captr.ji'.  '•v<i-^  g'^ue  to    J^lnladelphia    I'or  iI.l'  . 

company's  pay,  and  one  man  absent,  &iek  at  Hethic  -  { 

lieni.  { 

26'.     At  9  A.  "\1.  iinustered  the  company  :5latK.i,cd  \ 

here;  found  theui  shjui  able  bodied  ]ne]i ;  their  aj  in.-; 

in  good  ordvr.     They  iired  at  a  mark — 16"  out  oi  :«1  \ 

hit  Within  9  mches  of  ihe  centre,  at  SO  yards  distanct;.  ^ 

The  ensign  liad  uo  ceniiicate  of  enlistments,  but  '.   !d  J 

me  that  ('<>1.  (•lapiiam  had  carried  them  with  Iiul.  ; 

'  i 

Provincial    stu.-js — 25  good  nniskcts,  25  cartuui  i>  I 

boxes,  with  11  runnds  in  each,  and  25  blankets.  | 

In  Major  Parson's  (  harge  for  the  use  of  the  inh;u  i-  ( 

tants  ;  37  b.id  nni^l:eis,  a  parcel  of  broken  musu<.'tr:,  i 

24  cartoucli  boxes,  12   pair  ot'  shoes,  56  pound-.-  of  ; 

powder,  100  povuds  el'  lead,  14   blankets,  10  axes.  1  t 

broadaxe,  and  6  haichcts,  j 

27.     At  Ik'thleliem  f 

JAMES  YOUMi,  ■ 

Co/n.  (ren.  of  the  Mn  itr  \ 


VAN  ETTEN'S  JOURNAL. 


A  JdORNAL 


CAPTAIN  iOHl^  VAN  ETTEN, 

At  Fort  Hyndshaw  and  FcaX  i-i.-i.^hon,  in  the  Pennsylvania  Forces,  froHi 
Dectmb^n;  1,  1755,  to  July  21,  1757. 


1756,  December  1.  I  v/ent  out  to  patrol  my  oldest 
Sergeant  in  tlu;  con^it  uiy.  to  find  out  if  there  were 
any  Indians  on  die  cl.isi,  but  none  were  discovered. 
We  returned  sale  to  the  fort. 

2.  After  the  guard  was  relieved,  we  employed 
ourselves  in  huuling  firev^ood,  and  key  the  garrison 

4  and  5.  Paid  sovn..'  of  die  men— also  for  some  pro- 
visions. 

6.  Kept  Iho  men  at  their  posts  about  the  garrison. 

7.  I  went  on  scout  v/ith  two  men,  and  madi' 
no  discovery— returned  ndih  at  night,  finding  all  in 
good  order. 

8  and  9.  The  n^en  divided— one  part  standing  sen- 
try, while;  the  other  part  hauled  firewood  to  the  fojt. 

10.  I  went  on  scout  wiUi  one  of  my  men — mauc 
no  discovGiy ;  returned  to  ilie  fort. 

1 1      My  l.ieutenant  \/cut  on  his  journey  to  Phil'^ 


[21  .'.PPENDIX. 


dclplna,  in  onki  to  get  pay  for  my  men,  for  tliree 
mouths.  :\hon\  elevou  o'clock,!  went  on  scout  u'Uli 
SIX  UiCU  :  in  going  hMu-  miles  made  no  diacovery  •,  lo- 
turned  to  ihe  iurl  at  dark. 

Ii  bi'iug  Sabbath  and  rainy,  we  all  staid  in 


jarrison. 


1  J.     Al'le;  d;u  guard  was  relieved,  I  went  on  sco^a  ) 

wuh  six  mci-  and  ow:  neighbor,  and  travelled  about  ,^ 

cishl  nnbs  IVuni  ihc  fort,  made  no  discovery;  re-  \ 

lurned  to  the  g;ini^-on.  ^  , 

14.  Aftci  the  guard  was  relieved,  I  Avent  with  | 
four  men  on  ,.ca.a,  and  sent  two  men  with  buob  | 
S^vartwood,  to  guard  him,  to  take  some  of  his  grain  | 
where  it  might  be  tliiestied.  | 

15.  I  v/ent  wall  iive  men  on  scout,  and  the  .said  \ 
Swartwood  weM  ag..in  to  his  place,  which  is  ;a>out  f 
four  miles  fiom  the  fort,  and  at  night  when  I  returned 
home  told  me,  d,  iL  before  the  men  with  hmi  can.  to  | 
tlie  field,  they  ^=.1  w  one  small  stack  of  rye,  set  out  n.  ..  . 
large  shock  of  thirty  sheaves  on  a  side,  and  piuces  j 
left  in  the  middle  to  shoot  out  at,  anxl  a  bee-hn  e  sci  | 

on  the  top.  \ 

16.  After  tlie  guard  was  relieved,!,  with  six  men,  i 
went  to  the  place,  and  ordered  two  men  with  wagons  j 
to  come  after  .soaie  time,  when  !  had  surrounded  (be  | 
field,  then  to  come  and  take  their  loads,  which  vv-is  | 
done  5  but  no  di^;covcry  Avas  made.  !,  and  two  men  \ 
went  through  die  woods,  and  the  rest  guarded  the  | 
wagons.     So  all  returned  safe  to  the  fort.  j 

17.     It  ,snowed.     I  made  a  pair  of  moccasons  fur  j 

myself  I 

18      After  but   guurd  was  relieved,  !  went  out  on 

^;ooui   widi  n:i  mcii,.  and  travelled  about  si:,   'lilies  ; 


'  APPENDIX.  4X*5 

from  the  fort,  and  ioiuid  .snow  in  may  places  half-leg 
deep;  but  I  discovered  no  enemy  ;  all  returned  safe  to 
the  fort. 

19.  It  being  tlie  Sabbaih,  one  of  the  corporals 
went  out  with  four  men.  un  scout ;  but  made  no  dis- 
covery ;  relumed  lo  the  fort. 

20.  It  suowL-d  ;.  v.'c  staid  in  the  garrison, 

21.  The  corporal,  v/ith  men  assisthig,  hauled  fire- 
wood 10  the  fort,  and  1  went  on  scout  with  three 
men;  foimd  ihc  snow  about  knee  deep;  but  wem 
four  miles;  made  no  discovery;  returned  to  the  fort 
after  darlc. 

22.  After  the  guard  was  relieved,  we  siiovelcd 
away  the  snow  around  tiie  fort,  in  order  to  go  to 
work  to  build  a  block  house, 

23.  We  ah  kept  tiie  furt. 

24.  The  snow  renderiiig,  to  the  end  of  the  month, 
luifit  for  scouting,  wc  .  learcd  tlie  parading  place,  and 
kept  the  men  lo  theii  UAcrcises  twice  a  day,  in  which 
time  I  paid  oiF  the  men. 

January  1,  1757.  Kept  the  fort  and  exercised  the 
men. 

2.'    Sabbath  day  ;  kept  the  fort. 

3.     Stormy  weatiier 

4  and  -5.     Kept  the  fort. 

().     Hauled  firewood  lor  the  fort. 

7.  Exercised  the  men  twice. 

8.  Took  the  advantage  of  the  snow  and  hauled 
firewood. 

9.  Sabbath  day;  ke]/i  the  tort. 

10.  I  vv'cni  on  scout  with  six  men,  and  niglu 
conung  on  ul;  w<;  lodged  at  Daniel  Shoemaker's. 

1 1.  llcturned  home  to  ihe  fort. 


42(i  APPENDIX. 

13,  14  and  15.    In  the  fort.  Alter  the  guard  was  re- 
lieved, hauled  fire\vood.  | 

16.  lit  the  fort.  | 

17.  I  -sent  out  a  scout  with  five  men,  bul  dis- 
covered nothirjg.  i 

18.  Relieved  the  guard;  exercised  the  men.  | 

19.  I  wont  on  scout  with  the  Lieutenant  and  six  I 
nieii;  Ivavclled  [\n\u:  miles;  returned  to  the  fort,  dis-  j 
cove-ring  norhing.  | 

20.  1  v.'Liit  on  scout  with  two  men  ;  made  no  dis-  1 
covery;  rciurnid  to  the  fort.  | 

21.  K':ln;vc-.u  the  guard,  and  kept  the  fort.  I 

22.  I  went  on  scout  with  one  man,  about  .s.vi  ii  \ 
miles  i'roni  die  fon  ,  returned,  discovered  nothing.  t 

23.  lieceivcd  orders Irom the  Hon.  Colonel,'  d.ncd  | 
the  16th  instant,  thai  as  soon  as  the  season  would  ad-  I 
nat,  to  diK^'ipline  the  men  in  the  English  exercise,  and  ! 
to  teach  them  the  hulian  method  of  war,  which  Mas  I 
immediati-ly  olLyed.  t 

30.     Received  orders  from  the  Hon.    Colonch  to  f 

enlist  men  to  fill  up  my  company,  to  consist  ol  fnty  | 

men,  including  two  sergeants,  tv/o  corporals,  :,(al  a  | 

drummer.  I 

Februa/'i/  -1,     I  '..'ent  to  Major  William. Pai-.ons,  \ 

informing  hini  of  the  necessity  we  were  in  for  the  | 

v)ant  of  ammunition.  \ 

(3.     Received  an  answer,  and  ninety-two  puui.ds  * 

of  lead.  i 

7.     Kept  d.ie  men  lo  their  exercise  as  usual.  \ 

h.      Exercise ;  bad  weatlier,  \ 

11.     After  the  guard  was  relieved,  hatilett    /Oi/d  \ 

.    'Col.  Cui.raci  We;se;.  \ 

i 


i 


||  APPENDIX.  427 

12.  Snow  ;  unfit  for  exercise. 

14.  Kept  die  men  to  their  exercise. 

16.  Hauled  firewood  for  the  fort. 

17,  Tiie  men  exercised. twice. 
T'      20.  Sunday;  kept  die  fori. 

21.  Went  on  scout  wilh  four  men;  but  finding  it 
BO  bad  travelling,  and  making  no  discovery,  we 
turned  back  to  die  Ibrl. 

24.     After  the  guard  was  reUeved,  we  hauled  fire- 
wood. 
J   '      25.     Relieved  ihc  guard ;  exercised  the  men. 

March  1.     Called  the  men   to  exercise   at   eight 
o'clock,  andrelieveJ  the  gaard. 
\  4.     After  the  guard  was  releived,  I  ordered  the 

old  guard  to  haul  firewood. 

6.  Relieved  the  guarJ  at  eiglit  in  the  morning. 

7.  After  die  guard  was  relieved,!  went  on  scout 
widitenmen;  Wfut  alnujl  mx  miles;  made  no  dis- 
covery ;  returned  lo  the  iort. 

9.  Exercised  die  men  twice. 

10.  Relieved  the  guard,  and  exercised  the  men 
twice  as  usual. 

11.  After  the  guard  had  been  relieved,  and  die 
exercise  had  been  over,  I  ordered  the  old  guard  to 
liatd  firewood. 

12.  After  the  guard  had  been  relieved,  I  went  on 
scout  with  six  men,  travelled  about  six  miles  ;  made 
no  discovery;  returned  s;ifc;  to  the  fort. 

1 3.  Sunday  ;  rcli-ved  die  guard  and  kept  the  gar- 
rison. 

14.  After  the  guard  had  been  relieved,  I  went  on 
scout  widi  eight  men ;  discovered  uothhig  ;  returned 

\     todu.  fon. 

I 


4.28  APPENDIX. 

It).     AU:a-  ihc  giuiid  had  been  relieved,  I  oid',n:'J 
the  old  guard  to  procure  lire  wood. 

17.     Relieved  tlie  guard  and  disciplined  the  i;n\i 

16.     After  th«    guard  had  been  relieved,  I  v/eiu  I 

with  five  luei:  ou  scout,  but  discovered  nothing  :  le-  | 

turned  lo  ihe  foil.  I 

ly.     Aucr  the  guard  liad  been  relieved,  the  MiCn  i 

v.-ero  eiiipioyai  in  hauling  wood.  ^ 

,J0.     Subbiilh   day;    relieved   the  guard   at  ughi  ! 

o'clock  in  the  inornuig;  kept  tlie  garrison.  | 

^1.     I  A\'ent  on  my  journey  to  Easton,  in  ord-r  lu  j 

attend  court,  leaving  rhe  charge  of  tlie  company  witli  I 

the  Lieuienlant.     Jking  obliged  to  tarry,  by  rL  a  on  \ 

of  the  WLather,  I  att'.aidcd  the  whole  terin.^  'i 

28.     I  returned  home  sate  to  tlie  fort,  hnding  n;v  ' 

men  in  health,  axid  all  things  in  good  order.  j 

;29.     Relieved  tlie  guard  and  disciplined  the  ii;:i.  \ 

1)0.     RL'lieved  die  guard  ;  hauled  Ihewood.  \ 

April  1.     After  tlie  guard  had   been  relieved,  1  | 

■went   on  .scout   with  four  men ;    went  about   foi.i  I 

miles ;  made  no  discovery ;  returned  to  the  fort.  ; 

'-2.     Rclicv-ed  die  guard  and  disciplined  the  tner..  \ 

3.  Sabbath;  roiiin'ed  the  guard,  and  ke{n  the  ; 
fort.  I 

4.  Disciplined  the  men.  ! 

5.  Relieved  the  guard  and  hauled  firewood.  i 

6.  Disciplined  the  men.  i 

7.  Received  an  order,  dated  28di  of  March,  iioin  - 
Hon.  Colonel  Weiser,  commanding  me  irnnit^aiately  j 
io  send  a  detachment  of  sixteen  men,  with  an  oillcer,  ■ 
to  relieve  the  company  stationed  at  fort  IhnnHf.on.  \ 

*VaU  Eiien  Wcii  one  ut   the  Justices  of  Uie  Peace  cl  L'*-:aili  j 

ampton  count/,  i.nd  foruiea  one  of  the  Cuuri.  : 


^r 


AfPEA'DIX.  42!) 

8.  I  took  possession  of  said  fort  according  to 
orders,  and  ihe  company  marched  otr,  leaving  the  fort 
in  my  care. 

9.  Received  a  copy  of  a  i'jtter  l>om  Maj.  Parsons, 
sent  to  ihe  comnKaKlei  at  (urt  Hamilton.  I  being 
there,  and  no  oiher.  I  ojjcned  the  same,  and  found  it 
to  be  a  cojjy  liojii  the  origin.al  sent  by  Jacob  Snyder, 
ensign,  being  the  (hcii  commander  at  fort  Norris, 
with  wliich  I  would  not  content  myself,  but  went  oif 
immediately  to  Eastoii,  lo  scj  the  Major. 

10.  Then  spoke  wnL  tiic  Major  at  his  own  house, 
who  ordered,  thai    niy   Lieritenant  with  twenty-live 

i?  men'of  my  comp,.ny,  siiould  immediately  march  to 
Heading  to  the  Colouii,'  diere  to  receive  further 
orders. 

11.  Returned  lo  fot  llyndshaw,  received  the 
orighial  by  the  way,  ;nid  acquainted  the  Lieutenant 
of  the  aifair. 

12.  Got  the  men  ru.idy  fur  to  march. 

13.  Conveyed  the  .said  Lieutenant,  with  said  com- 
pany, as  far  as  fort  Hamilton, 

14.  The  Lietitenani  uiarched  with  said  company 
about  eight  o'clock,  iVom  fort  Hamilton,  and  I  re- 
turned to  fort  Hynshav/. 

15.  Disciplined  the  luen  twice. 
IG.     I  went  to  see  the  JMajor. 

20.  Returned  home  and  found  all  things  in  good 
order  at  both  i'vivj,.  The  .s;ime  night  an  express  came 
from  fort  Hamilton  lo  fo:t  Hyndshaw,  of  a  murdt-i 
committed  aboui  sunset,  l,y  ihe  Indians. 

21.  ]  wriit  to  f'vrt  llaimlton  with  seven  men,ai'ii 

'Coi-i.iei  0,  VveiSii',  v.i.'j  rtr-med  at  Reading  at  the  time. 


430  APl'ENDIX. 

ibuiid  it  to  bo  one  Ciiiilmman,  a  lad  of  about  sevoii- 
t-ceii  years  of  age,  killed  and  bcalped  by  the  ludcms; 
Avhoni  I  toolc  up  and  burried,  and  returned  to  i'o/t 
Hyndshaw  A'/ilh  my  men  all  safe. 

22.  Disciplined  tlie  men  twice. 

23.  I  emi»ioyed  lbs  men  in  hauling  fivewoud  to  » 
the  fort. 

24.  SLibbaihj  disciplined  the  men  and  kept  tiie  I 
lort.  \ 

25.  Sergeant  Leonard  Den,  with  two  men,  u'ent  | 
off  for  snbsistaRcc  to  Samuel  Depue's.  Within  vhout  | 
two  miles  cf  said  Depue's,  Sergeant  Den  was  sb.cf,  f 
the  two  men  returned,  and  informed  me  of  it ;  where-  \ 
upon  the  drummer  bi.at  an  alarm,  and  the  neiglibors  f 
all  gathered  in  10  the  fort.  Mys-eif  with  seven  men  ) 
went  immediately  olf  and  found  him  scalped,  and  eu-  j 
tirely  stripjjped,  and  shamefully  cut,  so  much  so  il  .it  | 
liis  bowelb  weri)  spread  on  the  ground.  I  sei.t  olf  » 
three  men  to  Dopue's  for  a  wagon,  wliile  I  with  the  f 
three  kept  guard.  They  liaving  come,  we  curried  f 
him  to  Dtjpue's,  where  we  kept  guard  that  nigbl,  i 

26.  W'c  buried  liim  in  a  christian  manner,  and  re-  | 
turned  to  fort  Hynd.shaw.  | 

27.  DiscipUiicd  tlie  men;  increased  our  sentinels  | 
as  far  as  our  weak  circumstances  would  allow.  \ 

28.  Disciplined  the  men  ;  giving  them  such  can-  ' 
tions  as  I  thought  riecessary.  ♦ 

29  and  30.     Guarded  the  neighbors  in  their  i'eces-  j 

sary  business,  with  all  that  could  possibly  le;,\'-o  tlie  { 

fort.  j 

3%  I.     Kept  the  fort.  i 

ij.     Ah.'.'i  tlie  niuii  hud  been  di.scipUued  al  ciiht  i 

i 


APPENIilX.  431 

o'clock  ill  the  morning,  firas/ood  was  hauled  to  the 
fort. 

3.  Disciplined  the  men  at  eight  o'clock;  then  I 
went  on  scorn  wiih  live  men  ;  went  abom  five  miles  ; 

f   discovered  nothing  :  returned  safe, 

4.  After  having  disciplijied  the  men  at  eight 
o'clock,  I  went  on  scout  with  five  men  about  six 
miles;  discovered  nothing;  oil  returned  safe  to  the 
fort. 

5.  About  eight  o^clock  m  the  morning,  news  came 
to  me  that  an  Indian  had  been  seen  about  tluee- 
fourths  of  a  mile  from  ihu  fort.  I  went  out  immedi- 
ately in  pursuit  of  liini.  ^vuh  eight  men  and  one 
neighbor ;  found  it  true  1)y  discovering  iiis  tracks,  but 
we  could  not  come  up  \\  illi  him — the  men  from  the 
fort  saw  the  Indian  running  ironi  us  at  a  considerable 
distance ;  and  thby  could,  at  the  same  time,  see  some 
of  my  company,  lis  the  ;  -'w  1  left  to  keep  the  fort  al'- 
firmed  to  me,  ai  my  r'lurn;  but  I  seeing  nothing  of 
him,  returned  with  iht;  men  to  the  fort.  The  same 
day  one  man  came  from  a  field  where  they  guarded 
a  neighbor  in  his  business,  saw  three  Indians  coming 
down  a  mountain  near  said  field.  I  immediately 
went  out  with  said  man,  and  two  others,  in  pursuit 
of  them ;  but  not  thinking  it  proper  to  go  far  from 
the  fort,  it  being  very  weak-handed,  stood  on  guard 
on  said  mountain,  while  one  went  to  alarm  the  guard 
that  was  in  the  field,  and  then  returned  home  to  the 
fort ;  discovered  notlnng. 

6.  At  eight  o'clock  disciplined  the  men,  after 
whicli  soiiie  of  my  men  who  had  observed  the  niglu 
before,  as  they  v/ere  on  sentry,  that  the  dogs  kept  ai. 

j'       uiiuvial  balking  and  rutiihng  to  a  particular  plact^ 


432  APPENDIX. 

went  to  sec  wlial  tl\o  occasion  should  be,  and  iV.iuiti 
that  an  Indian  had  siood  behind  a  tree  about  tweiiiy- 
iive  yard.s  iVoni  the  foi't.  I  went  to  see,  and  i'onnd  it 
true ;  his  tracks  being  visible  enough  to  be  tie.cn. 
In  the  afiornoon  1  v/ont  on  scout  with  four  men  and 
aneighbur^  Ijut  ina:!-;  no  discovery — returned  sail;  to 
the  fort. 

7.  Tiiii  men  v>/erc  called  to  their  exercise  at  dit 
usual  hour;  after  which,  I  went  with  four  men  lo  a 
snhthshop,  •\^/lierc  av(,  made  an  instrument  to  iA:c  a  ^ 
bullet  out  of  my  horse,  who  was  shot  when  Sergeant  | 
Den  was  killed  ;  all  returned  safe  to  the  fort.  1 

S.  Sunday  ;  assisted  some  of  the  neighbors  ■.vjtl,  | 
their  goods  and  families  to  the  fort.  , 

9.     Disi'iplincd  th(Mnen  ;  after  which  we  gu;udcd      i 
two  of  the  neighbors  ni  their^necessary  business   wjih      } 
what  men  could  be  spared  ;  and  continued  the  saivif- 
t.)  the 

15.     Sunday  ,  we  all  kept  the  fort. 

IG.  Though  weak-handed,  I  went  on  scout  ^^Mtl;  f 
four  men,  and  travelled  about  four  miles;  made  no  * 
discoveri'-^  :  rcuu-ned  safe  to  the  fort.  I 

17.  Disciphned  ihe  men  at  eight  o'clock  ju  [he 
morning  ;  ihen  guarded  the  neighbors  with  all  I  coiild 
spare  from  the  fori. 

18.  Exercised  the  men  twice,  and  all  kepi  [1il- 
fort.  . 

19.  A fier  exercisiiig  the  men,  guarded  the  neigh- 
bors with  all  that  could  be  spared  from  tlie  Ion,  ; 

2\j.     The  corjiorai  with  three  men,  went  .nn  on  « 

scoui,   by  njy  order,   travelled   about   three   jjiiles :  i 

made  no  discovery,  aiid  returned  to  the  fort.  t 

'21.     At  lour  o-clojkj  afternoon,  received  a  leuer  I 


Ai'PENrix.  433 

from  Captain  Busse,  lo  send  a  corporal  with  five 
men  to  nieot  hini  at  least  on  the  22d  day,  to  guard 
him  to  fort  Allen.  The  men  I  despatched  in  half  an 
hour. 

22.  Sunday;  we  fev/ who  remained,  all  kept  the 
fort. 

23.  About  ten  o'clock  in  the  morning,  I  received 
a  letter  from  Major  ParsonSj  in  which  he  desired  me 

I  to  come  to  Easton,  to  receive  my  pay,  with  the  pay 
of  my  men.  I  baving  ihen  "hut  ninetcea  menleft  me 
to  keep  the  fort^  I  toolc  the  case,  together  with  my 
men,  into  consideration,  who  all  begged  of  me,  jiot 
to  leave  the  fort;  whereupon  1  wrote  to  the  Major, 
and  begged  him  to  consider  our  circumstances,  and 
to  excuse  me  until  the  men  returned. 

24.  Disciplined  the  nien  at  eight  in  the  morning ; 
all  kept  the  fort,  being  v.-eak-handed. 

25.  1  went  on  scoiu  with  three  men;  travelled 
about  three  miles  in  Ihe  mountains,  and  discovered 
nothing  ;  returrieii  to  the  fort. 

26.  Disciplined  the  men  ;  all  stayed  about  the  fort. 

27.  Disciplined  the  men  twice. 

28.  At  two  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  the  men  who 
with  Commissary  Young  from  Easton,  came  to  fort 
Allen,  returned  all  in  health. 

29.  Exercised  the  men,  and  all  kept  the  fort, 

30.  I  went  on  scout  with  three  men,  and  travel- 
led about  four  miles  ;  discovered  nothing;  retorned 
t  -)  the  fort. 

31.  Disciplined  the  men  at  eight  o^clock  in  the 
morning  :  in  the  afternoon  I  went  on  scout  with  fom 
men ;  went  about  three  miles  from  the  fort ;  discover 
ed  a-nhing:  remmed  to  the  fort. 

B2 


434  APPENDIX. 

June  I.  The  corporal  with  three  men  went  ou 
scout,  and  g;vve  account  of  no  discovery  on  th(.ir  re 
turn. 

2.  I  sent  five  men  to  Samuel  Depue's  for  subsist, 
ance  in  tlic  aflenican.  The  fort  was  alanned  by 
hearing  several  guns  fired.  I  immediately  whh  tiiveo 
men,  went  to  find  out  the  reason,  and  found  it  to  be 
some  who  unwittingly  shot  at  fowls  in  the  river.  Or.v 
men  all  returned  safe  about  sunset. 

3.  I  set  off  '.)\i  my  journey  for  Philadelphia  about 
four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  with  six  men  as  a  guard,  | 
and  came  all  safe  lo  fort  Hamilton,  where  I  fomir]  f 
every  thujg  in  good  order.  | 

4.  At  eight  o'clock  in  the  morning  I  discipliu'iJ  ibe  I 
men,  and  gave  strict  orders  to  the  Sergeant  te  keep  | 
the  men  exaot  to  their  duty;  and  about  four  o'clock  I 
in  the  afternoon^  I  pursued  my  journey. 

5.  1  l.iy  siclr.  by  llie  way  within  five  niiles  ci 
Ea^ton. 

6.  I  Came  to  Easton  and  paid  my  respects  to  i-fa. 
jor  Parsons. 

7.  Notwitlisianding  my  illness,  I  pursued  iny  Jk 
journey.  | 

8.  About  four  in  the  afternoon,  I  came  to  Pinia-  | 
defphia,  and  delivered  the  express  sent  to  Miijor  Par-  | 
son8,  just  as  it  w-^as  sent  to  him,  to  his  Honor  the  Gov-  * 
ernor,  who  desaed  me  to  wait  on  him  at,  i\'/elvc  \ 
o'clock  tliO  next  day.  1: 

9.  I  Waited  on  his  Honor  as  requested  Mr.  f 
Peter^;  said  that  m.y  business  should  be  done  il  c  next  ; 
«iay  at  nine  o'clock  in  the  morning.  \ 

10.  il  and  12,  I  waited,  but  my  business  v/:;o  uoi  I 
4.jnc  acceidiiig  to  exoectation.  f , 


I- 


435 


f*    i         13,     About  three  o'clock  in  the  uflernoon  I  left  the 

town. 
•    I  14.     About  t\vi>  in  tlie  atternoou  I  came  to  Easton. 

I  immediiitely  paid  my  respects  to  Major  Parsons, 
who  told  nie  that  I  should  take  a  supply  of  ammuni- 
tion ;  whereupon.  I  provided  sacks-  and  took  one  hun- 
dred poLuuls  of  powder,  and  one  hundred  pounds  of 
f  lead,  and   a  hundred  flints.     1  received  also  a  copy 

from  his  Honor  the  Goveriior's  orders,  to  remove  to 
fort  Hamilton.  I  left  Eas!.on  at  about  six  o'clock  ; 
went  about  five  miles. 

15.     I  camea.ife  to  fort  Hamilton  with  the  ammu- 
nition, about  six  o'cloclc  iu  the  afternoon,  and  found 
all  things  in  good  order. 
1  16.     At  eight  o'clock  m  the  morning,  I  disciplined 

the  men,  and  ordered  tlieui  all  to  shoot  at  a  mark,  ai 
|/  ;  arms  ends;  some  of  them  did  exceedingly  well ;  then 
I  taking  an  escuii  of  nien  with  me,  I    went  to   fort 

i  Hyndshaw,  whure  we  all  arrived  safe.    I  immediate- 

ly called  the  men  to  arms,  and  ordered  every  one  to 
get  his  clothes,  and  whatever  he  had,  together  as 
quick  as  possible,  and  bo  ready  to  march  to  fort 
Hamilton. 

17  and  18.  After  discipling  the  men  as  usual,  we 
made  every  thing  ready  for  our  march. 

19.  About  nine  o'clock  in  the  morning  we  all 
f           marched  from  fort  Hyndshaw  with  all  the  baggage, 

and  all  arrived  safe  at  fort  Hamilton,  and  met  with  no 
opposition ;  found  all  dii»  l^s  in  good  order  there, 

20.  At  eight  in  the  mornmg  called  the  men  under 
arm^,  and  after  exercising  ihem,  ordered  out  six  mei:. 
at  Samuel  Depue's  request,  to  guard  him  in  taking 
hi.   -v*fe  to  the  Doctor  at  Bethlehem,  who  tarried  all 

s 


436  APPENDIX. 

night  at  said  Depue's.  The  same  day  I  weni  on 
scout  with  four  men  and  one  neighbor,  to  bccomo 
acquainted  iu  the  woods,  as  also  to  see  if  any  tlif: 
covery  could  be  made  of  the  enemy  ;  but  I  maac  du 
discovery;  returned  to  the  fort. 

21.  At  eight  o'clock  exercised  die  men.  At  abcLsi 
twelve  o'ciocic  the  guard  that  accompanied  Samiiei 
Depue  and  his  w fc,  returned  to  the  fori ;  dicr;  I 
ordered  a  guiird  of  ion  men,  who  went  olf  under  liie 
care  of  a  corporal,  with  Samuel  Depue,  with  arders 
that  after  they  had'  guarded  said  Depue  as  far  as  nccu- 
ful,  to  carry  a  message  from  me  to  the  JNIajor  at 
Easton,  and  to  loturn  as  soon  as  a  despatch  coiild  l^-i 
made. 

22.  Exercis.^d  tiie  men  that  remained  at  tin:  ion 
as  usual.  Notl.dng  extraordinary  happened;  '■:.  .:!! 
kept  the  fort. 

23.  In  dio  niuriiing,  near  eleven  o'clock,  th  ;  lo.. 
was  alarmed  by  some  of  the  neighbors  who  had 
made  their  esc;'}ie  from  the  enemy ;  tive  oi  thcin  in 
company,  near  Broadhead's  house,  seeking  iheir 
horses,  in  order  to  go  to  mdl,  were  fired  upon  L.y  ll;t; 
enemy;  and  said  that  one  of  them,  John  Tidd  by 
name,  was  killed.  Whereupon  I  immediately  drai'icd 
nine  men,  myself  making  the  tenth,  in  as  private  .• 
manner  as  possible,  and  as  privately  went  back  iiv  :: 
the  mountains^  in  order  to  make  a  discovery;  i^iviiit, 
strict  ordi-rs  to  those  left,  to  fire  the  wall-piece  to  alarm 
us  if  any  aUack  should  be  attempted  on  the  lort,  in 
my  absence.  Tiiere  were  but  six  ment  left,  at  tii- 
fort  ;  and  coming  iu  sight  of  said  house,  on  tiic  by;k 
side,  r  perceived  sor.ie  smoke  arise  near  the  }iuu.^e  . 
^l.'en  traVoiiii:ig  ubf.i.H  a  quarter  of  a  mile,  in  bi  L'  . ) 


^ 


AprK-'xDix,  437 

surround  thein,  we  liecjd  tour  guns,  the  first  of  which 
being  much  lounder  tJiau  iKerest,  I  expected  tlie  fort 
was   attacked ;    ^vllereupon  we   retreated    about   a 
quarter  of  a   niil.MUid  bt-aring   no  more  guns,  my 
counsel  was  to  go  to  ilis  iiuuse ;  but  my  pilot,  who  was 
well  acquainicd  ^vlth  liiC  woods,  thought  it  best  to 
place  oursfdres  in  ambush,  for  they  would  come  that 
way,  he  said;  and  as  we  o.scended  the  mountain  in 
order  to  place  our!^.elvfS,  v/e  saw  the  house  in  a  blaze, 
and  the  pilot  thought  htsi  to  retire  a  little  nearer  be- 
tween  the  house  and  die  fort,  where  we  might  have 
abettcjr  view;  and  m  the  retreat  we  heard  fourteen 
guns  fired  as  qrdck  ii;  succession  as  one  could  count. 
Then  we  i)laccd  ourselves  in  two  companies,  the  bet- 
ter to  way-lay  them;  die  party  that  was  nearest  be- 
tween the  house  and  the  fort,  and  saw  twenty-seven 
endeavoring  to  get  l;etu'een  them  and    the  fort.     I 
with  ihe   oih.  r  i-ariy  ,^a^v  five  more  coming  on  the 
other  side;  we  foimd  that  we  were  discovered,  and 
likely  to  he  surrounded  by  a  vast  number,  wherefore 
we  all  retreated,  and  got  between  them  and  tlie  fort, 
theii  halting,  thry  came  m  view;  I  then  cliallenged 
them  to  come,  and  find  ai  them;  and  although  at  a 
considerable  distance,  it  >vas  generally  thought  one 
of  them  was  killed,  by  thcu'  squatting  and  making  otf 
Then  we  all  returned  to  the  fort.     Immediately  upon 
our  return,  a  scout  of  thirteen  men  from  the  Jerseys, 
who  were  in  search  of  Edward  IVhirshall's  wife,  who 
was  killed  sometinie  ago,came  to  the  fort,  being  led 
there  by  sL-eing  die  smoke  ;ind  liearhig  the  guns  fired, 
who  all  seemed  forward  to  after  the  Indians,  when  : 
with  nine  men  went  out  with  them  j  but  having  gut 
c.jae  disiiuice  out,  diey  v/otdd  go  to  the  house  to  se. 


438  ArrENDix. 

whether  the  said  inon  Avas  killed.     Being  come,  Wi! 

found  him  killed  and  scalped  ;  his  body  and  face  were 

cut  inhumanly.     There  were  also  some  cattle  lying 

dead  on  the  ground ;  Avhereupon  they  all  went  oil', 

and  left  me  wiih  my  small  number  to  take  care  of  the       * 

dead  man,  v/hereupoa  we  took  liini  up  and  retuiiicd       | 

to  the  fort,  in  which  time  my  men  that  had  gor^;  lo       i 

Kaston  returned  to  the  fort.  ! 

s 
24      At  about  nin!i  in  the  morning,  having  nuidci       f 

ready,  I  w  tut  v,'ilh  eighteen  men  and  buried  the  inuHj 

then  went  i'rom  the  grave  in  search  and  found  fit'wM'n 

cattle,  horsey  aiul  hogs  dead,  beside  two  tliat  weie 

shot,  one  with  five  l)iillets,  the  other  with  one.  and 

yet  there  are  ni;iiiy  missing  out  of  which  the  enemy        \ 

took,  as  we  judge,  iht;  value  of  two  beeves  and  almost       I 

one  swine.     In  tlie  evening  sent  an  express  by  two        | 

men  to  Major  Parsons.  | 

25.  Discipliri'.d  the  men;  nothing  exlraordiicuy 
happened  5  all  kept  the  fort;  at  eight  two  men  tl  ;it 
had  gone  with  the  express  to  Easton,  returned  in 
safety  to  the  fort, 

26.  Eaily  in  ilie  morning,  I  received  the  Majoi's  | 
letter,  in  which  lie  blicwed  himself  very  uneasy  thai  |. 
the  men  at  fort  Norris  had  not  joined  me, and  dcbiicd  i 
me  to  send  to  fori  Norris,  to  know  the  reason,  and  | 
thinking  it  might  be  occasioned  for  want  of  carrii'gcs  I 
to  bring  tlieir  stores,  he  desired  me  to  endeavor  to  J 
send  a  wagon  thither.  Accordingly  as  I  was  en-  | 
deavoring  all  I  could,  m  compliance  with  the  Mii)oj''s'  i 
desire,  about  three  o'clock  in  the  al'ternoon,  Licui.  | 
Hyndshaw  came  to  the  fort  with  ten  men  from  Cap-  | 
tain  Wsatherold,  and  six  from  fort  Norris,  showing 
his'^order  from  Colon(  1  Weiser  for  him  to  cointr'.-ind 


ATTXY-imx.  439 

fort  Hamilton,  and  I'or  me  to  abide  with  a  small  num- 
ber of  men  at  fort  ilynJslurvV. 

27.  At  eight  in  ttie  morning,  I  called  my  men  un- 
der arms  as  usual,  and  drafted  eleven,  sent  them  un- 

i  der  the  care  of  a  corporal,  with  three  neighbors  in 

search  of  some  cattle,  which,  they  feared,  had  been 
taken  or  killed  by  the  enemy,  at  which  time  the  Lieu- 
tenant undi;rfool:  to  talk  w  ith  me,  and  proposed  to  me 
that  if  I  would  let  him  have  six  out  of  the  men  he 
had  froni  Captum  Wenthcrold,  he  would  go  to  fort 
Hyndshaw,  and  stay  there  until  further  orders,  and 
fs'if  leave  the  six  men  who  ho  brought  from  fort  Norris 
<  I  with  me,  whicii  f  could  nut  comply  with,  as  not  being 
I  I  in  ^my  power.  Having  moved  to  fort  Hamilton  by 
^  I  his  Honor  the  Governor's  order,  there  to  be  rein- 
forced by  a  detiiclirncnt  liom  fort  Norris,  and  there 
to  stay  till  further  orders,  at  which  the  Li-eutenant 
went  otV  with  a  serj -ant  and  a  waiter  he  brought 
with  him  from  fort  .V.iigui.ta,  and  left  the  sixteen  men 
he  had  brought  under  no  ones  care.  The  scout  that 
had  gone  out,  all  returned  safe  to  the  fort,  finding 
what  tliey  went  in  searcli  of,  all  well. 

28.  After  exercising  my  men  as  usual,  I  sent  out 
a  scout  of  twelve  menjiaiider  the  care  of  the  SergeauL 
who  travelled  about  six  miles  out;  all  returned  safe 
to  the  fort,  having  made  no  discovery.  I  not  being 
fully  satisfied  oia  accourit  of  tlie  men  left  with  me 
whom  I  could  do  no  less  than  feed  and  give  them 
their  proper  allowance  o(  rum,  wherefore  I  wrote  ia 
Major  Parsons,  laying  the  circumstances  of  the  mat- 
ter us  near  iis  possible  before  him,  desiring  his  advice 
what  to  do  ill  ihe  case.,  the  which  I  sent  olf  in  .he 
i.v.!iiing  by  tl.e  Seigeant  and  one  of  the  men. 


i 


440 


2i>.     Ai'tcr  Gxerci.-,ing  the  men,  I  sent  oft^  six  luen 

luidcr  the  care  of  the  coporal,  with  six  of  those  nten 

that  the  Lieutciiaut  left,  wlio  voluntarily  went  to  assist 

and  to  guard  one  Petei-  Snyder  in  taking  otf  some-  cftt- 

tle,  which  he  had  loft  hack  sometime  ago  in  IK  Lini; 

from  being  killed  by  the  enemy  in  the  night,     'i'hc 

Sergeant  and  his  nioii  retm-ned  safe  from  Easton  A'/iU,       } 

a  letter  from  ihe  IMajor,  in  which  he  advised  rue  lo 

I'ut  the  said  men  on  duty,  who.  were  left  with  nu'  ■ 

aad  v;hereii:>  he  cxpeuted  Colonel   Weiser  to  b..  ht,rc 

in  a  few  days,  to   kcop  the  fort  until  lie  came,     lie 

also  desired   me  to  endeavor  to.  hasten   Lieut.  riDiic 

Engle's  march  lo  fori;  Hamilton. 

30.  I  put  the  men  left  with  me  on  duty,  li:  il.'^ 
afternoon  the  lueii  ;liai  guarded  Peter  Snydur  ;dl. 
returned  safe  to  the  fort. 


Jult/  I.     lu   the   morning  called  my  men  m.i  In  j 

arms;  drafted  (lu  men,  whom  I  sent  under  the    ar^  i 

of  tiio  Sergeant,  with  nine  of  those  men  the  Lieutci,-  | 

ant  had  lefi  at  the  fort,  whom  I  ordered  whither  iwid  l 

how  far  they  should  taivel  and  scout,  the  which  \hvv  \ 

performed,   aad   returned    at   about   one   o'clock-  in  [ 

the  afternoon  J  iho  Lieutenant  came  past  the    fort.  | 

stopping  at  Jolm  McMichael's,  who  soon  after  came  I 

to  the  fort  and  sh.jvvfcd  an  order  from  Colonel  Weis.;?:  f 

that  I  should  resign  the  command  at  fort  Ilamiltcui  lo  ! 

Jiim,  upon  which  I  called  nry  men  under  arms,  and  as  \ 

1  was  sending  for  the  Lieutenant  to  give  up  the  com-  \ 

mand  to  him,  the  sentinel  hearing  music  acquaiiued  I 
mo  Willi  It ;  I  expected  it  was  the  Colonel  comir.g,  1 
delayed  i.iiiil  tlie  Colonel  came,  who  weighing  the 
clrcuinstances  of  things,  still  continued  me  in  po.>,^eii- 
sion  of  said  fort. 


'2.  At  eight  iu  the  iiiouiing,  the  men  were  called 
to  arms,  at  which  lime  the  Colonel  took  a  view  of  the 
men  and  their  avir;s,  ond  finding  all  in  good  order  ; 
and  after  giving  orders  for  tie  regulation  of  the  com- 
pany at  about  twelve  o'cloelc,  the  Colonel  with  hi.'s 
attendants  ntarched  off;  after  which  we  all  kept  tlic 
fort. 

3.  All  k.ipt  (tie  fori,  it  bemg  Sunday. 

4.  Afu.-r  (lisciplitig  the  i/ieu,  a  party  of  twelve  men, 
imder  the  command  of  a  Sergeant,  sent  to  Samuel 
Depue's  with  a  team  for  necessary  siibsistance,  all 
retm-ned  sate  to  the  fort  iu  tiie  evening,  according  to 
orders. 

5.  Very  rainy  wealiier ;  unfit  for  scouting  or  ex- 
ercise ;  all  kept  the  fort. 

G.  At  eight  m  the  niorniug  I  called  the  men  to 
exercise  and  gave  ihem  i lie  necessary  counsel  how  to 
behave  according  (o  the  orders  given  to.  me  by  the 
Colonel;  at  which  time  cjm]ilaints  were  made  to  me 
by  some  of  the  men,  that  some  neighbors  that  resided 
ill  the  fort  were  lousy,  by  winch  means  the  whole 
garrison  would  soon  be  in  the  same  condition.  I  then 
ordered  the  corporal  witli  tluee  men  to  assist  him  to 
make  a  search,  and  he  found  that  one  Henry  Cuntra- 
man  and  his  family,  and  one  John  Hillman  and  his 
family,  were  lousy.  I  oidered  them  out  of  the  fort 
to  their  own  hou.ses,  it  beiag  but  eight  or  nine  rods, 
from  the  fort.  I  then  employed  the  men  to  clean  the 
fort  within  doov.s  and  without,  which  was  accordingly 
done.  I  also  sent  out  a  scout  of  four  men,  with  three 
neighbor.'^,  \v\io  voluidiirily  went,  in  hopes  to  find 
.•)Omv  I..',  tie  ihey  had  missed,  and  to  return  the  same 


41.:i  APPENDIX. 

day,  winch  they  dul  m  the  evening;  makmg  no  dis- 
covery of  any  ciRiny. 

7.  At  eiirh.i  ni  the  morning  I  callevl  the  men  to 
their  cxercisesj  lliea  tlivided  the  men  into  two  guards, 
each  guard  to  stan;!  their  day  ;  those  that  were  not  on 
guard  to  be  employed  in  scouting,  guarding  iho 
neighbors,  and  m  things  necesssary  to  be  dono  at.out 
the  fort,  and  g^^ve  strict  orders  to  those  that  wnre  un 
guard,  that  tii^^y  sliould  not  leave  their  posl,  nor  gu 
from  ion  to  fort;  and  that  every  sentinel  shonld  be- 
have well  on  his  post.  About  one  o'clock  In  ilu; 
afternoon,  havuig  occasion  to  go  to  John  McMicha-jl's, 
1  saw  John  Jough  corning  out  of  the  woo.l:;  widi  i 
hoop-poles  on  hit;  shoulder,  wlio  was  one  of  die  | 
guard;  immediately  the  corporal  came  to  said  lioiisc.  | 
I  then  went  honiu,  and  finding  the  glass  na,  out,  (  1 
examined  the  mader,  and  found  that  the  seniinol  hal  \ 
stood  hiy  projitu'  nnio  out,  and  ouglit  to  be  rcli'vcil,  J  | 
tlierefore  callod  the  next  man  on  the  list,  and  saw^  u;  | 
his  relief  myself  The  men  that  were  not  ou  gTuud,  | 
I  employed  in  banking  the  earth  against  tire  stockadeS;  \ 
U)  prevent  the  waters  settling  in  and  running  into  die  I 
well,  what  I  found  to  be  the  occasion  that  the  warer  | 
was  so  bad  iii  the  well.  | 

S.  At  eiglu  in  the  morning  I  relieved  the  guard;  | 
after  which  i  erxiployed  the  old  guard  in  cleuuiug  ovu  j 
the  well.  ' 

9.  .W'hji  die  guard  had  been  relieved,  a  vi:(!ut  oj  • 
ten  n'iCii  wiUi  the  Sergeant  went  with  some  of  \lw,  | 
jieighbors  to  Mr.  Eroadhead's  place,  who  uent  o;)  I 
jiecessary  business  ;  met  with  no  opposili  ii  :  all  ri:-  \ 
tvuned  sale  to  the  fort.  | 

]0..     Suriday.     A  scout  of  six  men  went  io  Samue!    1 


y,  ■  ArrENmx.  443 

Depue's  on  necessary  basiiiess ;  on  tlieir  return,  they 
heard,  they  said,  a  person  whistling,  whom  they  sup- 
posed to  be  an  Lidian  ;  but  seeing  nothing,  all  re- 
turned safe  to  the  fr>rt. 

11.  After  the  guard  liad  been  relieved,  the  Ser- 
geant witii  the  old  guard,  te)i  men,  were  sent  out  on 
scout  to  the  south-cast,  and  as  far  as  they  could  return 
by  night,  which  was  perf:->nijed.  Meeting  no  oppo- 
sition, not  disco  veririg  any  signs  of  the  enemy,  all  re- 
turned safe  to  the  fort. 

12.  At  eight  in  the  morning  I  called  the  men  to 
their  exrK.i.sfs,  ana  relievrd  die  guard;  after  which,on 
John  McMichael's  nnporiuniry,  I  ordered  ten  men  as 
a  guard,  where  he  was  cutting  his  harvest,  some  dis- 
tance from  the  Ibrt,  witii  whum  I  went  myself,  and 
placed  them  to  the  besc  advantage  I  could,  orderii  g 
none  to  fire  his  gun,  excei)t  at  an  enemy;  and  that 
three  guns  should  be  an  alarm.  They  meeting  no 
opposition,  all  returned  safe  to  the  fort. 

13.  After  the  men  had  exercised,  and  the  guard 
had  been  relieved,  it  wa^  my  intention  to  guard  John 
McMichael  as  ihe  day  be  lore,  but  his  son-in-law 
coming  from  a  long  journey  or  voyage,  detained  him 
from  labor ;  wherefore  I  then  took  the  old  guard, 
consisting  of  ten  men  and  three  neighbors,  with  whom 
I  went  on  a  scout,  directing  my  course  south  about 
five  miles  from  die  fort,  from  thence  west  two  miles, 
thence,  by  judgniciit.  uorthcrly,  so  as  to  come  to  the 
fort,  in  wliich  way  v/e  came  by  the  Separatist's  meet- 
ing house,  where  we  found  the  enemy  had  lodged  not 
long  since  ;  they  leaving  a  bod  of  fern  even  in  tha 
pulpit;  but  meeting  no  opposition,  all  relumed  sale 
to  Ilrj  fort. 


444  APPENDIX. 

14.  Ai  sevt;!i  in  tlie  morning  I  called  tlie  iulu  i. 
their  exercises,  a^id  the  guurii  being  relieved,  I  dien 
went  with  Jojiu  i^.I  JVrichael  and  ten  of  my  men,  as  a 
guard,  10  protecl  him  and  the  meni  he  emi)loyed  at  f 
his  harvest  j  posting  live  men  a  small  distance  iVcm  | 
tlie  field,  which.  I  thought  best  to  discover  the  oiieray  | 
if  any  should  altonvpt  to  fall  upon  tlie  people  at  \v'orl(,  | 
the  other  five  i  posted  in  the  field.  At  about  three  | 
a'dock  ji-  the  ..fteinoon,  I  went  Avith  the  curporai  I 
around  the  ou,i  seii'.inels  as  privately  as  we  coild,  and  » 
found  them  all  on  their  guard.  J 

15.  It  being  very  rainy,  and  unfit  to  be  wiU  wA[     ' 
arms,  v/e  all  ke[jt  ilie  fort. 

16.  The  ram  eciitinuing  till  near  twelve  c'rl  jck  ;  i, 
1  then  went  to  John  McMichael's,  and  asked  hiM 
whether  he  wo:j  ready  to  go  to  his  harvest;  but  I  sa^v 
no  pre])aratior.  or  inclination  for  it,whecefore  I  v.vi.i 
to  the  fc.rt,  inn  luliiig  to  go  on  scout  with  u  par;  of  the 
men  after  dinner,  but  before  we  were  ready,  foi,!  met; 
came  to  the  lort,  with  an  order  from  Colonel  Wei^er, 
dated  June  14,  1757,  the  contents  were  as  follows : 
That  lie  had  sent  orders  to  Lieutenant  Hyndshaw,  le 
attend  the  treaty  widi  the  ten  men  of  Captain  Weath- 
erold's  company,  and  ordered  me  therefore,  withoui 
fail  to  send  ten  men  from  fort  ITamilton  to  ie])UiCG 
those  ordered  away  ;  whereupon  I  immediately  draft- 
ed nine  men,  the  corporal  making  the  tenth,  v/lioru  I 
sent  off  iC'  the  lientenant  the  same  day,  as  soon  as 
they  could  get  ready,  which  was  about  half  ui  hour 
after  receiving  the  ColonGl's  orders,to  the  Lieutenant. 
f.o  staiion  IheUi  us  hu  thought  fit ;  the  which  1  le  posted  \ 
:it  S.  Depue's.  i 

17.     Sunday,  seven  of  my  small  parly,  ;u.d  foui     ' 


M\i 


APi'KNDIX.  445 


neighbors  went  on  scont  uiider  the  command  of  t\te 
Sergeant,  who  travelled  soiiihwesterly  about  six 
miles,  then  taking  a  compass  northerly,  all  returned 
safe,  making  no  discovery  of  an  enemy. 

18.  At  eight  iii  the  morning,  I  went  with  five  men 
and  guarded  John  MclVIichael  at  his  harvesting  place^ 
placed  them  seirtinol.s  a  siriall  distance  from  the  field, 
and  two  in  the  field,  ^"/iih  the  men  at  work  ;  meeting 
no  opposition,  all  returnod  to  the  fort. 

19.  Early  in  ilie  moniiug,  one  Garret  Broadhead 
applied  to  me  for  a  guard,  to  whom  I  said,  I  would 
do  for  him  what  lay  m  my  power  with  the  (g\v  men 
I  had.  I  tlien  ordered  live  men  under  the  care  of  the 
Sergeant,  and  went  myself  with  one  man  to  accom- 

♦  panyme  to  the  fort,  and  placed  the  sentinels  in  the 
best  manner  I  cotdd  for  sal'ety  ;  leaving  orders  with 
the  Sergeant,  that  fuiiig  three  guns  should  be  an 
alarm;  and  then  retuinod  to  the  fort,  and  attended 
guard  until  the  second  duiitjle  sentry. 

20.  Guarded  IJroadhead's  as  the  day  before  ;  all 
returned  safe  to  die  ibii;. 

21.  In  compliance  with  the  Colonel's  orders,  early 
in  the  morning,  I  sent  to  Samuel  Depue's  for  tlie 
mare  he  had  in  keeping,  in  order  to  send  my  message; 
to  the  Colonel  at  Easton,  who  returned  with  said 
mare,  sate  in  the  evening. 

Also  four  men  guarded  John  Drake  at  his  harvest, 
with  orders  to  give  an  account  of  what  happened ; 
which  was  all  v/cll  ■,  biu  as  to  their  behavior  after 
their  coming  tu  the  fori,  1  .t:hall  acquaint  the  Colonel 
ot  tlic  iiuater. 


-  r^v 


BURD'S  JOURNAL, 


A  JOURNAL 


COLONEL  JAMES  BURD, 


:'"rom  Tebruary  16. 1^  17 .ih. 


March   10th,  1758. 


February  16,  I75b.  Thursday.  This  morning 
1  set  out  from  Laujasin  u>  \  isit  the  troops  from  Sus- 
<inehamia  to  Ddawa:.';  took  Captain  Hanibnghi 
along  with  ine.  This  cvemug  got  to  Barny  Hughes' 
where  1    staid  all   . light— severe  weather  and  bad 

roads. 

Friday,  Mth.  Thi.;  muiijng  Captain  Hambright 
was  taken  very  b;'.d,  which  obliged  me  to  stay  here 
all  this  day.  Sent  an  ex]>ress  to  Lancaster  for  Doe- 
tor  Thomson— the  DocUr  arrived  here  in  the  after- 
noon. 

Saturday,  I8th.  I  was  el>liged  to  leave  Captain 
Hambright  here.     I  set  oil'  ilus  morning  at  9,  A.  M., 

for  Hunter's  Toit;  a?   2,  P.   M.,  arrived  at  Harris"; 
foimd  Lieut.  Broadheadund  Patterson,  and  Conrmis- 

sary  Galbraitli  here,  and  twenty  men.     After  3,  P. 

M..  I    'i  olTfor  Hunter'"  i  Fon  ;  arrived  there  at  dark  ^ 


450  APPENDIX. 

found  Captains  Patterson  and  Davis  here  with  tigluy 
men.  Tiia  Captaii:is  inl'onned  me  that  they  had  iio; 
above  three  loads  of  anniuniition  a  man — I  onlorod 
Mr.  Barney  Il,|ighc.s  to  send  up  here  a  barrel  ol'ijow- 
der  and  lead  unswovalilu  ;  in  the  meantime,  bonouLiI 
ol'Thonias  Galiaalier  lonrjKmnds  ot'powder  and  oik-  | 
lunidred  pounds  oi  l.-ad.  1  ordered  a  review  oi'ilit:  I 
garrison  to-morrovv'  morning  at  U'  o'clo(dv. 

Sunddy  With.  Had  a  review  this  morning  l 
Captain  PaUcibon's  eompany,  and  found  thoi'i  coii;^ 
plete,  fiUy-lhrcc  man,  Idrty-four  province  arins,  ;!nil 
ibrty-lbur  carloiirh  boxes — no  powder,  nor  Iim.I.  1 
divided  oue-hetli' ]'int  ot"])owder,  and  lead  in  jioj)  <- 
tion,  a  in;in.  I  lound  in  this  fort  four  month',  pr.'- 
visions  for  the  i:,,ii-ii.iuu. 

Captain  Da  .is  wilh  his  party  of  lifty-five  njen  v.'.ts 
out  of  ammuinlKjii.  1  divided  onedialf  pint  of  j)a>v- 
der  and  lead  i  .  jir.-portion  to  them.  Captain  Oavi- 
has  got  iwolvc  hundred  weight  of  tlour  for  ilic  L>,i 
teaux.  Sundry  of  the  bateaux  are  lacking  ih,  i  w;," 
swim,  and  rnusL  be  lett  behind. 

Captain  Patiirso.i  cannot  scout  at  present  It  ;■  vra.ni 
of  officers;  I  ordered  him  to  apply  to  the  country  lo 
assist  him  to  slockioh;  the  fort  agreeable  to  their  prcv 
mise  to  his  hoiU)r,  diu  Governor.  There  au/  tine.: 
men  sick  here. 

This  day,  at  11,  \.  M.,  I  marched  for  Fort  Swett  ■  \ 
crroi^  (Swalarii ;')  L'ot  to  Crawford's,  fourteen  iidK-s  (* 
from  Iluiiter'd;  here,  I  staid  all  night — it  rained  hard       \ 

Had  a  nniiiber  of  apj)lications  Irom  the  eoiinf  ry  ioi  | 
protection;  olherv/ioo  they  would  be  immedJatidy  \ 
obliged  to  fly  from  then-  settlement,  1  appoimed  fc  | 
meet  them  to  hoar  iheir  complaints,  and  i>rop;. ::ds,  oi\ 


iiWENDIX.  451 

Tuesday,  at  10,  A.  M.,  at  Fort  Swettarrow.  The 
country  is  thic)s.ly  settled.  This  march  was  along  the 
Blue  laountains — here  are  very  fine  plantations. 

Monday,  20/h.  I  marched  thi:5  morning  at  11,  A. 
M.;  met  a  sergeant  and  tv/clvc  men,  wlio  marched 
with  me  back  to  Sv/ettarro\v'^  Fort,  at  -1,  P.  M.  Tlie 
roads  extremely  bad — ilic  .^oldiirs  marched  with  great 
difficulty.  Found  Captain  A  Hen  and  thirty  men  here. 
This  is  eleven  miles  from  Crawford's, 

Tuesdaij ^  2\st.  ixuviewed  ilic  garrison tliis morn- 
ing at  10,  A,  M.,  and  formd  thirty-eight  men,  viz: 
Iwenty-one  belonging  to  Capt.  Allen,  and  seventeen 
of  a  detachment  from  Ca[)Laii  liVeiser's  company;  of 
Captain  Allen's,  thirteen  were  for  three  years.  No 
province  arms  lit  for  use  ;  no  ivcttles,  no  blankets, 
twelve  pounds  of  powder,  and  twenty-five  pounds  of 
lead;  no  powder  horiib,  no  punches, nor  cartouch  box- 
es; no  tomahawks,  nor  \)\  -lincial  tools  of  any  kind 
—two  month's  provision. 

Some  soldiers  absent,  and  others  hired  in  their 
place,  which  has  been  a  custom  here.  The  soldiers 
are  under  no  discipline.  I  ordered  a  sergeant  and 
twelve  men  to  be  always  out  upon  the  scout  from 
hence  to  Crawford's,  keeping  along  the  Blue  moun- 
tain, altering  their  rontes,  aiui  a  target  to  be  erected 
six  inches  thick  in  order  to  practice  the  soldiers  in 
shooting. 

This  day  12  M.,  the  country  pleople  came  liere  ;  I 

promised  them  to  sialion  aii  oilicer  and  twenty-five 

men  at  Robertson'i,  mill      This  mill  is  situated  in  the 

.  centre   beiween    the  foris  SwcUarrow  and  Hunter. 

■^  This  gave  the  peop!'.;  content. 

i  ma;.'he;|  (U  1  .P.  xM.,  forlort  lieiuy ;  at  3  P,  M., 


4.52  APPENDIX. 

got  to  Souder's,  seven  miles;  left  Lieutenant  Broad- 
head  to  march  tlie  party  four  miles,  to  Snevely's,  there 
to  halt  ail  night,  and  to  march  to  fort  Henry  in  the 
morning,  six  miles.  The  roads  being  very  Lad ; 
marched  myself  with  Adjutant  Kern  and  eigiit  men 
on  horse  back ;  arrived  at  fort  Henry  at  5  P.  i\l. 
Found  hero  Captain  Weiser,  Adjutant  Kern,  and  the 
ensigns  Biddle  and  Craighead,  doing  duty  with  nnie 
ty  men.  (hdercd  a  review  of  the  garrison  to  mjrrov; 
at  9  A.  iVI. 

PFednesday  22n>l.  Had  a  review  this  morniiit^-  ai 
9  A.  M.  ;  ibwiiil  ninety  soldiers  \mder  good  corniuaiid. 
and  fine  feUow'>.  I  examined  the  stores,  awA  I'ouiul  i 
about  two  m.jntlis'  provision  in  store,  and  am  in-  I 
formed  hy  iho  commanding  officer,  there  h  twu  I 
months'  more  provision,  ahout  six  miles  from  hc'e,?u  h 
Jacob  Myer's  mill.  No  powder,  two  hundred  an.]  j 
twenty -fjur  pmuuis  of  lead,  no  thnts,  about  <  igluy  | 
provincial  arms  belonging  to  these  two  comp;t)iiti  I 
but  all  good  for  nodiing. 

I  ordered  ensign  Craighead  with  eighteen  ir!exi  ci  i 
this  garrison,  to  march  to-morrow  morning  to  fori  | 
Swettarrow,  and  there  to  apply  to  Captain  Aile[i;  ! 
to  receive  Irom  lam  seven  men,  and  with  his  pariy  j 
of  tweniy-five  men,  to  march  from  thence  to  Robert-  » 
son's  mill,  there  to  take  post,  to  order  from  thcn;;a  a  * 
sergeant,  cor[)oral  and  eight  men  to  the  house  o[  \ 
Adam  Read,  Eyq..  and  to  employ  his  whole  party  in  i 
continual  ranging  to  cover  these  frontiers.  This  )  I 
found  myself  under  a  necessity  of  doing,  otherwise  | 
several  to v/nsjnps  here,  would  be  evacuated  m  a  few  \ 
days. 

I  ojdcred  ensit^i!  Haller  to  march  back  mv  u  Cuj'  | 

{ 


ArrKN'DIK.  453 

to  Hunter's  full  lO-niaiiow  morning,  and  Captain 
Weiser  to  continue  to  range  from  this  to  fort  Nortii 
Kill  and  Swettarrou^,  to  eni]>loy  all  his  judgment  to 
way-lay  the  enemy,  and  proleclthe  inhabitants.  This 
is  a  very  good  stockade  fort,  and  every  thing  is  in 
good  order,  and  duty  done  prelly  well. 

I  marched  to-ilay  at  11  A.  M.,  and  arrived  at 
Conrad  Weiser's  at  3  P.  M.,  fourteen  miles,  where  I 
found  four  qnarter  casks  *i['  powder  belonging  to  the 
province,  three  of  which  I  ordered  to  fort  Henry,  and 
one  to  fort  Sweitarrow ;  no  lead  here ;  very  bad 
roads;  cold  weaiher  j  staid  all  night. 

,  Thursday  23y'i.  I  marched  this  morning  and  ar» 
rived  at  Reading  at  3  P.  M. ;  found  Captain  Morgan 
here.  This  is  fourteen  miles  from  Mr.  Weiser's.  I 
examined  the  stores  here,  and  found  seventy-seven 
blankets,  eight  [louiids  ol  powder,  three  hundred 
pounds  of  lead,  and  balf  a  cask  of  flints,  I  ordered 
fifty-six  blankets  to  be  seat  to  Captain  Patterson's 
company,  and  eleven  to  Captain  Allen's,  two  hundred 
pounds  of  lead  to  fo;t  Henry,  and  one  hundred 
pounds  to  Swettarrow.  I  gave  the  eight  pounds  of 
powder  to  Captain  Morgan,  and  four  hundred  flints 
to  each  company. 

Before  I  came  to  Reading,  Adjutant  Kern  had  sent 
by  Lieutenant  Engel,  blankets  for  four  companies, 
viz  :  Captains  On  id  it's  Weatherholt's,  Davis'  and 
Garraway's,  two  hundred  and  twenty-four,  and  one 
quarter  cask  of  powder,  thr;.'e  liundred  bars  of  lead, 
and  si.viceu  iiundred  flints. 

Friday  2'IM.  TiJ.s  morning  I  set  out  for  foit 
Wil.Lam,     Arrived  at  P?A(:i-  Rodarmil's  at  2  P.  M., 


454  APPENDIX. 

fifteen  miles  from  Reading.     It  stormed  and  liowoi 
£0  prodigiously,  so  I  staid  here  all  night. 

Saturday  25ih.  The  snow  deep;  I  marched  dih 
morniiiO;  for  fort  William;  arrived  at  fort  Wn[i:;m;M 
12  M.  Here  were  Lieutenant  Humphreys,  aini  Ch- 
sign  Horry.  1  ordered  a  review  of  the  garrison  at  '^  \ 
P.  M.  At  '2  P.  M.  reviewed  the  garrison,  aiidfovaul  i 
fifty-three  good  men,  but  diffident  in  discipline.  Tm 
stores  coubist  of  thri;e  quarter  casks  of  powdei,  onn 
huridrcd  aiiil  iiUy  p  jioids  of  lead,  four  hundrij'l  ili'.i- 
and  fifty  six  blaukeiis ;  no  arms  fit  for  use,  iic  k':[[\:\ 
nor  toul.Sj  nor  ilnitu  ;  two  months  provision. 

Here  I  Ibuud  a  iurget  erected ;  I  ordered  the  con - 
pany  lo  shocn  at  the  same;  set  them  tlie  exampk: 
myself  by  wheeling  round  and  firing  by  the  word  v\ 
command.  1  shot  a  bullet  into  the  centre  oi'  (1:.  ir 
mark,  the  size  of  a  dollar — distance,  one  hniidi^i 
yards.  Sonu'  ,>t'  them  shot  tolerably  bad.  Mo.,i  ./i 
iheir  arms  an.  very  bad. 

I  ordered  Captain  Morgan  to  continue  to  iiiitvo!  (., 
North  Kill  and  Allemengel. 

Sundciij  2Gi/i.  1  marched  from  here  at  10  .1.  :\i  , 
went  ever  the  mountains  to  Mr.  Everitt's,  u-her,' 
Captairi  Weatlierold  is  stationed.  The  snow  rxcji  .1- 
ingly  deep  ;  I  could  make  little  way.  At  3  P,  M.  ;u- 
rived  at  Valentine  Philteprot's,  twenty  miles.  He!'. 
I  staid  all  nighi. 

Mondiiy  21th.  i  marched  this  morning  at :;'  .-. .  M. 
for  Mr.  Everilt's;  arrived  at  f)  A.  M.,  four  Uiile.s.  \ 
ordered  a  review  of  ihat  part  of  the  comj)aiiy  that  ib 
here.  1  found  Capudn  Weatherholt,  Lieuti'i.fn  Gei- 
gcr,  and  twenty-four  men,  three  being  sick  a)id  absent ; 
tliree  months'  prcviion;  five  pounds  of  pov.'i.r;  i.  ' 


AITENDIX.  455 

lead ;  each  man  has  a  pound  of  powder  in  his  car- 
touch  box,  and  lead  in  proportion ;  no  kettles,  no 
blankets,  twenty  picviiicial  arms. 

I  ordered  Captain  Weatlierholt  fifty-six  blankets, 
twenty-live  pounds  of  powder,  fifty  bars  of  lead,  and 
four  hundred  bars  of  lead  :  also  that  Captain  Weath- 
erold  to  scout  to  the  wssiwi\rd  ten  miles,  and  to  the 
eastward  ten  nules;,  and  Lieutenant  Geiger  from 
hence  to  las  post  in  Colonel  Armstrong's  battalion. 

I  marched  fjoni  ihcuce  lo  I'oit  Allen  at  H  A.  M. ; 
got  to  the  top  of  the  lilue  mountain  at  2  P.  M. ;  from 
hence  saw  Alleiuoiigle  :  it  is  a  line  country;  but  the 
country  on  the  iiorth  side  of  the  mountain  is  an  entire 
barren  wilderness,  not  capable  of  improvement,  i 
arrived  at  fort  Allen  at  half  after  2  P.  M.  A  prodig- 
ious hilly  place  and  poor  land,  fifteen  miles  from  Mr. 
Everitl's.  I  ordered  a  review  of  this  garrison  to  mor- 
row at  H  A.  M. 

Tuesday  2ti//i.  At  0  A.  M.  1  reviewed  this  gar- 
rison. Domg  duty,  Cajjiain  Oindit,  Lieutenants  Hays 
and  Laughcrry,and  Eiisign  Meixill,  and  seventy-five 
men.  This  is  a  very  2ood  garrison.  In  the  stores,  two 
inontlis'  provision,  two  hundred  and  twenty-five 
pounds  of  powder,  thiee  hundered  pounds  of  lead, 
five  hundred  flints,  two  swivel  guns,  twenty-six  pro- 
vincial arms,  bad  ones,  no  drum,  no  kettles,  no 
blankets,  one  spade,  one  shovel,  one  grubbing  hoe  and 
Ibiirteen  bad  axes. 

Tins  is  a  very  poor  stockade;  surrounded  with  hills, 
situaced  o\i  a  barren  plain,  through  which  the  rivet 
Lechy  (Lehigl')  runs,  at  a  distance  ol  seventy  yaro-i 
Irom  tii:  ion.  'I'here  is  scarce  room  here  lor  forty 
i'a  :,.     1  oiilered  Captain  Orndit  to  regulate  his  rang- 


456  AITENDIX. 

ing  by  hii>  intelHgence,  from  time  to  time,  as  Ik-  in- 
£ormod  mo  lliat  five  Indians  from  Bethlehem  iiuve 
promised  faithfully  to  Captain  Onidit,  to  come  liort, 
^nd  reconnoiire  die  woods  constantly  around,  and  to 
furnish  him  with  iatolligence.  1  also  directed  tlu.t  a 
target  six  inches  diick,  should  be  put  up  to  teach  liic 
soldiers  to  shoot. 

I  set  off  from  here  at  10  A.  M.  for  Lieutenant  ii-- 
gle's,  or  Intel's  post ;  arrived  at  Ingle's  post  at  i  P 
M. ;  ordered  a  review  immediately,  and  found  litie 
Lieutenant  Ingol  and  thirty  good  nion,  in  a  very  bcuj 
stockade,  which  ne  is  just  finishing,  fifteen  miles  ivarn 
fort  Allen.  The  stoio.^  are  ten  poimds  of  powder,  icn  I 
pounds  of  lead,  twelve  provincial  arms,  bad;  no  .( 
blankets,  four  spades,  three  shovels,  two  grubbing  \ 
hoes  and  four  axes.  1  left  for,  arrived  at  Lieuteii<.m 
Snyder's  station  ul  7  V.  M.,  eight  miles.  1  ordered  a 
review  to-inorro  w  morning  heire  ;  staid  all  night. 

JVcdnesdui/,  IsLirch  \st.  I  leviewed  this  mornii;2 , 
and  faund  here  Lienlenant  Suyder  and  twenty  ni(;n 
undiscipUned,  fifteen  pounds  of  powder,  thirty  pounds 
of  lead,  no  l>l;aii;ots,  eight  provincial  arms,  bad. 

Lieutenant  Ilamphreys  relieved  Lieutenant  Sny- 
der this  morning.  I  ordered  Lieutenant  Snydei  {<. 
his  post  over  the  Susquehamia.  I  have  been  inlorutul 
by  the  officers  he^'e,  Lieutenants  Engel  and  Snyder, 
that Wilson.  Esq.,  a  liuigistrate  in  this  (North- 
ampton) county,  has  i'cquahited  the  farmers  that  they 
should  not  assist  tb.e  troops,  unless  the  officers  innnu- 
diately  pay,and  that  sa .id  Wilson  has  likewise  infornied 
the  soldiers,  they  should  not  take  their  regimenl;ils,.  as 
it  only  puis  money  in  their  olficers'  pockets.  1  found 
\:.  Sergeant  confined  hcje  on  account  of  mutiny,  and 


'01   9, 


APPENDIX,  457 

liave  ordered  a  regimentul  court  martial  this  morn- 
ing. At  this  stcition  th;;re  are  two  baracks ;  no 
stockade. 

I  marched  from  here  to  Lieutenant  Hyndshaw's 
station  at  10  A.  M. ;  arriv^cd  at  Nazareth  at  1  P.  M.^ 
eight  miles ;  dined  here  ;  set  off  again  at  2  P.  M.  ; 
arrived  at  Tead's  ru  3  P  M.,  six  miles.  Here  I 
found  Ensign  Kennedy,  wdth  sixteen  men,  who  in- 
formed rnc  tJKit  LiGutcuaDt  Ilyndshaw,  and  Ensign 
Hughes  would  be  here  oiie  hour  hence.  At  hah 
after  5  P.  M.,  IVfessrs.  Hyndshaw  and  Hughes  arrived 
with  fourteen  men.  I  ordered  a  review,  and  found 
tliirty  good  uier..  Stores — lifty  pounds  of  powder., 
one  hundred  pounds  of  lead,  no  flints,  one  wall  piece, 
one  shovel,  thirteen  axes  good  fair  nothing,  and  twen- 
ty tomahawks,  fifty-six  blaidiets,  forty-six  guns  and 
forty-six  cartouch  boxes  ;  little  provision  here,  and  no 
convuniency  tu  lay  u])  a  t;u»re.  This  is  very  bad  quar 
ters ;  the  house  is  built  ir.  a  swamp;  bad  water. 

Thursday  2nd.  1  marched  from  here  at  9  A.  M. 
for  Samuel  Depue's,  went  by  way  of  fort  Hamilton, 
to  view  that  piaee.  Arrived  at  fort  Hamilton  at  2  P. 
M.  ;  reviewed  it,  and  found  it  a  very  poor  stockade 
with  one  large  house  iii  the  middle  of  it,  and  some 
families  living  in  it ;  this  is  fifteen  miles  froniTead's. 

I  arrived  at  Mr.  Depue^s  at  4  P.  M.,  six  miles  ^ 
snowed  much,  and  prodigiously  cold  ;  ordered  a  re- 
view to-morrow  id  D  A.  M. 

This  is  a  Hue  plantation,  situate  on  the  river  Dela- 
ware, tv.'^eniy-onc  miles  from  Tead's,  and  one  hundred 
miles  from  Philadelphia  ;  they  go  in  boats  from  here 
to  Pluladelphia,  by  the  river  Delaware,  which  carry 
iLjM  tweuty-two  lons=      This  place   is   thirty-five 


458  APPENDIX. 

miles  from  EasioHj  aud  tliirty-eiglit  from  BethlelisriL 
There  is  a  pretty  good  stockade  here;  four  swivels 
mounted;  good  accommodations  for  soldiers. 

Friday  2/'d.  I  reviewed  this  garrison  and  ftumd 
here  twetiiy-two  good  men,  fifty  pounds  of  powilcr, 
one  hundred  aiid  twoiiLy-five  pounds  of  lead,  no  llihis, 
a  great  qiL:a;liiy  oJ"  bc:of,  I  suppose  eight  months'  [uo- 
vision  for  a  Luaipaiiy.  IjuL  no  Hour  ;  plenty  of  tloiir  vil 
the  mill,  ai;<)Ui  iliini;  hundred  yards  from  the  Im  u 
My  horse  lu'iig  very  tired,  I  am  ohligetl  to  haU  lu-.f, 
to-day.  Exireiiiily  c^ld.  The  country  ai)]ily  IV.;  ;i 
com]naiy  i  .  he  Niatmiiud  here.  I  ordered  lOr  i^.i  \ 
JIughes,  at  Sweiiannvv,  to  this  post.  | 

Saturdaiy  li/i.  1  .-et  off  this  morning  for  Ea.uoii  ,  | 
extremely  ^Mld  ;  j.nivi'd  at  Tead's,  twenty-one  n.iico,  \ 
at  1  P.  IVi. ;  diii'.d  heie.  At  2  W  M.  I  set  off;  arriv.-d  i 
at  Easton  at  7  P.  M,  twelve  miles;  staid  all  ni/1  :,  I 
No  provincial  si,). es  111  this  town  ;  only  ten  pui.^  m,.  jj 
of  powder  in  care  of  John  J)riiiker,  Sheritf.  | 

S'undai/  5//i,  At  I  P.  M.  I  set  out  from  here  fdi  < 
Bethlehem;  arrived  at  4  P.  M.,  twelve  miles;  n,.  I 
provincial  stores  heie.  Tedyuscung,  Samuel  Evens,  \ 
and  a  great  many  Indians  came  to  see  me  ;  they  slip-  i- 
ped  with  me,  and  desired  their  compliments  to  ins 
Honor  tlie  Oovernor,  Commissioners  and  Assemhiy, 
and  desired  to  assure  them,  that  they  remain  fimi  | 
friends.  : 

This  evening,  sent  for  William  Edmonds  and  J 
Thomas  Pi.'ai:,  the  principal  men  here,and  acquainted  | 
iliemihat  aslhc  government  had  taken  the  Indian  trade  I 
into  their  own  hands,  ii  was  expected  that  tin  y,  inr  ^ 
no  other  i)ei-son.  or  jji  isi-ns  in  this  province,  •,,  .Mild  1 
.:'t(cin[)i  to  de;d    with   liie   liulians,  and  they  ux'.'nrd         [ 


APPENDIX,  455!      6'^ 

.me  ihey  would  not  \c>\  ilio  futare.     Here  I  staid  aU 
niglit. 

Monday  ^th.  'J'liis  morning  set  otl  for  PiiiladLl 
]»hia-,  arrived  at  6  P.  il.,  at  George  Good's  tavenu 
thiity-two  miles;  roads  l^ad,  but  good  weather;  stni;! 
lieru  all  night. 

Tuesday  7tu.  This  morning  set  out  again  f. r 
Phiiad'iphia  ;  airived  al  8  P.  INI.,  twenty-twu  mil-  - 

JAMKS   BlJHIi 

i'hUadc(jj/tia,  Mar'di  it).  175.S. 


AliHEiNDA 


FllAGMEiNT  OV  A  JOUllNAL, 

ConlainiiiE  an  acccmnt  of  doings  rl  Fort  North  Kill,  for  a  jjeriod  of  two 
inonths  and  a  Lalf,  viz  :  from  June  13  to  August  31. 


O^Tliouirh  tho  name  nf  iho  writer  is  not  given,  nor  the  year,  yet  it 
may  be  safely  set  down  tiiat  tlie  djinga  mentioned  in  the  journal  did 
take  place  either  in  1755  cr  1750". — Compiler. 


JuNC  13.  Received  onli  rs  trom  Lieutenant  Colonel 
Weiser  to  march  Ironi  Ucatling  with  all  the  conipaiiy 
remaining  there,  the  rest  being  commanded  to  fort 
Augusta.  Accordingh/  I  set  out  from  Reading  by 
break  of  day,  on  the 

14.  Arrived  ui  Liciucnant  Colonel  Weiser's,  where 
I  received  orders  to  inarch  with  the  company  or  de  • 
t^achment  to  fort  Henry,  and  from  there  take  a  detach- 
ment of  20  men  and  continue  till  to  fort  on  North 
Kill.     Accordingly,  on  the 

15.  In  the  morning  tO(/k  the  said  20  men  from  fort 
Henry,  of  the  nev/  levies,  and  marched  straightway 
to  tlie  said  tun,  accompanied  with  Captain  Brisseanu 
Captain  Smith.  As  soon  asi  I  arrived  I  gave  ensiu.i 
Harry  (then  commander  of  the  said  fort)  notice  of  my 
orders,   uiid  sent  off  two  inen  immediately  to   lit 


464  APPENDIX. 


'Colonel'.s,  with  a  icport  of  tlie  condition  I  found  ilie  f 

fort  in,  anil  sent  him  a  list  of  the  new  levies  v/ho  f 

were  detached  fr^m  Captain  Brisse's  fort,  wilh  nic  f 

ro  this  fort,  ] 

Id.  Caplaiiis  Bris5>e  and  Smith  set  off  about  10  » 
o'clock,  with  a  ftcoul  of  10  men,  which  Captain  Biiote 

had  ordered  from  his  company  on  the  15th,  and  eii-  i 

sign  Hurry  marched  out  of  the  fort  about  12  o'clock,  \ 

after  delivering  it  t.>  me,  with  his  men,  to  fort  ].e-  | 

banon,  according  to  (jrders.     Provision,  I  found  in  the  f 

fort,  as  follows,  viz;  5  pounds  of  powder,  198  pounds  i 

of  flour,  10  ^•n\all  hais  of  lead,  15  pounds  of  bcci"  aixl  ; 
pork,  and  0  l-'-l  pomids  of  candles. 

17.  I,  with  a  Ci»rporal  and  20  men,  according  to  or- 
ders,  from  Lieui.  Coldtiel  Weiser,  went  a  scouting  a>.;d  { 
ranguig  the  wooJs  till  to  fort  Lebanon,  who:;  ^ve 
arrived  about  2  o'clock  in  the  afternoon.     We  s;iaid 
there  all  night,  luring  not  able  to  scout  any  faril;  ;r,or  j 
return  home,  lu'causc  of  a  heavy  rain.  | 

18.  Set  oJf  from  fort  Lebanon  in  the  morning,  be-  j 
ing  rainy  weatljcr,  and  ranged  the  woods  coming  J 
back,  as  before,  wilh  the  same  number  of  men.  and  | 
arrived  at  fort  on  North  Kill,  about  4  o'clock  m  the  ! 
afternoon. 

19.  Gave  orders  to  Serjeant  Peter  Smith  to  scouc  '] 
to  fort  Lebanon,  and  to  bring  me  report,  the  next  ihiy.  \ 
of  his  proceedings.  Accordhigly,  he  arrived  on  ilic  ' 
20th,  about  3  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  and  made  re-  | 
port  that  be  Jiad  done  according  to  his  orders,  and  ! 
that  hu  had  made  no  discoveries.  Received  a  leiler,  ! 
by  him,  from  Captain  Morgan,  informing  me  th:.(  lu?  i 
had  no  aew&^&LC. 

yi.  Scut  oil  Coipo<al  Shefer  to  scout  as  Ijeiou;.. 


A1>1>£NDIX.  465 

■  22.  Minister  Sl'uniaker  came  and  preached  a  ser- 
mon to  the  company.  The  scout  arrived  from  fort 
Lebanon.  The  Corporal  reported  that  nothing  strange 
had  come  to  his  knowledge. 

A  scout  of  Capi\iu  l^iisse's  arrived  about  11 
o'clock,  and  returned  about  4,  towards  their  fori;  but 
upon  the  Indian  alarms  tiiey  immediately  returned 
back  to  fori  North  Kill,  and  gave  me  notice.  In  the 
midst  of  the  raiii  I  sent,  on  the  fii-st  notice,  Serjeant 
Smith,  with  18  niuu,  and  ordered  them  to  divide 
themselves  in  two  parties. 

23.  Serg.  Snddi  recrr.ned,  and  made  report:  that  he 
arrived  at  Dietz's  house  abcnu  10  o'clock  in  the  night, 
where  they  heard  a  gun  j^^o  otf  at  Jacob  Smith's, 
about  a  mile  from  ther(j.  They  immediately  sat  olf 
again  tVom  said  Smith's,  tov/ards  the  place  where  the 
gun  went  off,  antl  surr(nnid"d  the  house,  according  to 
my  orders.  Thi;y  j^eu  \hed  all  the  iiouse  but  found 
no  marks  of  Indians.  From  there  they  marclied  to 
Falk's  house,  in  the  Ciap,  and  surrounded  it,  but 
found  no  Indians.  From  tliere  they  went  to  the 
mountain,  and  arjivod  ther;  at  2  o'clock  in  the  morn- 
ingf  where  Serjeant  Smith,  according  to  orders,  way- 
laid the  road  in  two  parties,  and  as  soon  as  it  was 
day  went  back  and  buried  the  man  that  was  killed, 
to  wit:  Peter  Gcisinger,  who  was  shot  and  killed  the 
day  before.  At  burying  him,  they  heard  5  guns  go 
oil  about  two  nnle.s  from  said  place,  whereupon  Ser- 
jeant Suiith  inmieJiately  repaired  to  the  ])lace,  and 
divided  themselves  in  two  parties,  (I  had  sent  oil 
Corporal  Sheffer  with  eight  men,  on  the  22d,  to  their 
assistance.)  Serjeant  Smitl;  also  makes  report,  thai 
lliii  e  orning,  at  7  o'clock;  a  girl  of  about  15  year-T., 
D2 


466  APl'ENDIX. 


daughter  of  B;.lsei  Schmidt,  was  taken  prisonci-,  by  j 
two  Indians,  whose  tracks  they  saw  and  folic  wed,  | 
bat  to  no  purpose.  A  party  of  Captain  Bnsse's  \ 
company  wan  aloiig  from  this  and  remained  with  I 
my  men  all  the  time.  Fifteen  or  sixteen  of  tin;  in- 
habitants c;vme  to  ma  and  applied  for  assistance.  1  ; 
ordered  out  several  uetachmcnts  to  assist  them.  | 

24.  I  set  o/l  with  20  men  from  this  to  Ca^.tain  i 
Brisse's  fort,  along  the  mountain,  and  called  ut  the  | 
place  whore  the  nimdcr  was  committed.  Wciu  up  \ 
as  far  as  tha  Gap  of  tlje  mountain,  but  as  I  found  no 
tracks  thcw,  I  ihiniv^ht  the  Indians  would  be  ou  llii.-:  i 
side  the  n^ountaiiis,  therefore  I  went  up  alohg  the  | 
mountains  without  o{)position,  till  to  Captain  Biisse's  | 
fort;  and  as  it  rciined  very  hard  all  day,  and  we  went  | 
far  about,  wo  anived  there  towards  tlie  evening  | 

;   36.  Sat  off  ill  the  morning  with  the  same  mimbot      \ 
of  nieiii  and  seoiucd  the  woods  back,  near  the  Si\mo 
way  back  again,  and  arrived,  towards  evening,  in  the 
fort,  being  rainy  weather. 

26.  Received  in  the  morning  a  letter  for  my  posi- 
tive ordera  net  to  neglect  my  scouting  toward:^  for* 
Lebanon,  accordingly  I  immediately  called  in  niy  de- 
tachments. This  ai"l(;rnoon,  a  woman,  living  abo;-i 
ow  and  a  half  miles  from  here,  came  to  the  fort,  and 
said  she  had  sec;i  an  Indian  just  now  iri  her  field,  al- 
most naked,  and  had  a  gun,  but  said  she  did  not  slay 
t<j  look  l^'Mj.  I  neiu  ;diately  sent  olf  Serjeant  Siiiiili 
with  two  parties,  consisting  of  about  twenty  men. 
They  searched  the  place,  and  ibund  nothing,  but  saw 
two  barcfeet  tracks,  rhey  divided  into  small  parties, 
and  .scom-ed  the  wood.i  till  evening  and  then  returned 
liJ  the  fort  5  and  as  I  had  to-day  but  men  su(lii:i''nt  it 


Ari'ENDix.  467 

guard  the  I'ort,  1  sciit  out  w)  scout.  This  evening, 
intelligence  came  to  me  from  the  ColoneFs,  informing 
me  that  he  had  notice  t'rom  (Japtain  Orndt,  of  fifteen 
Indians  going  to  foil  on  the  settlement,  or  hereabouts. 
He  ordL-red  me  therefore,  immediately  to  send  notice 
thereof  to  Captain  l)t  isso's  fort,  in  order  that  it  might 
be  from  there  conveyed  to  tort  Swatara,  accordingly 
I  did  so. 

27.  fiave  orders  lo  Sergeant  Smith  to  go  scouting 
liie  woods  between  this  and  fort  Lebanon,  and  if 
Captain  Morgan  Uiouglit  that  it  was  serviceable,  to 
range  some  way  up  Scliuylkill,  as  that  gap  is  their 
common  rendezvous. 

28.  A  scout  of  Captain  lirisse  arrived  in  the  fore- 
noon, and  set  off  again  tins  afternoon. 

29.  In  the  evening  there  came  two  men  to  the 
fort,  and  reported  that  the  Indians  had  invaded  about 
ni.x  miles  from  tin  r*,  about  jiine  o'clock  this  morning. 
I  was  somewhai  concerned  that  I  had  no  sooner  in- 
telligence of  it,  however,  I  immediately  sent  off  twelve 
men  under  two  corporals. 

30.  .\bout  noon  the  twa  corporals  returned  and 
made  the  fuUowiug  report ;  That  yesterday  they  could 
not  reach  the  place,  as  they  all  were  tired,  but  staid 
at  a  houae  till  nigh  break  of  day,  and  then  set  off 
again.  They  did  not  inmiediately  go  to  the  place 
where  the  man  &.c.  were  killed,  but  went  somewhat 
farther  down  tov/urds  die  Schuylkill,  thinking  that 
the  Indians  had  invaaed  lower  down,  but  as  it  was 
not  so,  they  took  another  route  towards  Schuylkill, 
thinking  that  perhaps  the  Indians  had  invaded  lowei 
down,  hut  as  it  was  not  so,  they  took  another  route 
to  ,.'  i'h  liio  tjU.cc  v;iierc  the  muider  was  committed 


466  APPENDIX. 

and  as  tkey  came  th(3re,  they  found  the  man's  wills 
(Frederick  Myer's)  who  had  been  at  a  plough,  and 
shot  through  both  her  breasts,  and  was  scalped.  After 
that  they  wen  to  look:  for  the  man,  whom  they  found 
dead  and  scalped,  .s  une  way  in  the  woods.  I'lioy 
took  a  ladder  and  carrit^d  him  to  his  wife,  where  the 
neighbors  came  and  helped  to  bury  them  ;  after  vhich 
(liey  went  towards  ihe  mountain,  and  scouted  along 
the  .same,  and  urvived  here  about  4  o'clock  in  the 
afternuoi!. 

It  is  reported  by  the  farmer  who  saw  the  deceased 
a  ihort  while  Lofon;,  that  he  was  mowing  in  hib 
meadow,  and  that  his  children  were  about  him,  A'/iiicli 
makes  them  btJicvc  that  the  man  after  he  heard  the 
shot  (whifh  killed  Lis  wife)  he  went  to  run  olf  v.iUi 
only  his  youngest  child  in  his  arms,  as  the  man  v.as 
shot  through  the  body,  and  the  child  is  one  year  anJ 
a  half  ot"  age  and  is  bcalped,  but  yet  alive,  and  i-.  put 
to  a  Doctor's.  The  other  three  wlio  were  with  ihei.  l 
father,  are  taken  prisoners  ;  one  of  them  is  a  boy  f 
about  ten  years  old,  the  other  a  girl  of  eight  ye;!rs.  | 
and  the  uttier  a  hoy  of  six  years.  There  was  a  ba.by  5 
whom  tliey  found  in  a  ditch,  that  the  water  was  juh-t  * 
to  its  month.  It  was  laying  on  its  back,  crying — it  ] 
was  taken  up,  and  is  like  to  do  well.  | 

A  boy  of  one  Reichard,  of  eight  years,  was  takoi  { 
prisoner  at  the  same  time.  This  was  all  done  witliio  ! 
hah'  an  hoar,  as  soine  neighbors  had  been  thci :  in  i 
that  space  ot'  tirnc.  | 

t/u/^'  1.  Sergeant  Peter  Smith  returned  witl;  the  ' 
scout,  and  reported  tbat  wlien  he  came  to  fort  fchd-  J 
non,  Captrdii  Morgan  sent  a  detachment  uiiiJer  Ru  t 

sign  Horry  to  the  Gap  of  Schuylkill  ;  and  tluitonib         f 


Ai-i-.\'M)ix.  46!) 

26th  last  past,  they  at;CL)nJed  tlic  mountain,  and  when 
tliey  caine  on  llie  other  sidu,  tliey  found  an  encamp- 
ing place  of  the  Indians',  which  after  Ensign  Horry 
had  surrounded  with  his  party,  he  sent  off  Sergeant 
Smith  whh  another  paUy,  to  lay  in  anihush  on  the 
Indian  path  all  night,  hut  as  nothing  was  to  he  heard 
of  tlie  Iiidians,  they  mot  again  the  next  day — the 
Indians  as  lie  sup}»oses  liaving  left  that  place  the  day 
before.  Howev^er,  they  found  two  match  coats,  one 
spear,  one  scalping  kuitc,  some  vermilion,  and  eight 
hundred  black  wanipuiu  ;  also  great  variety  of  salves. 
The  29th  ihey  yet  lay  in  ambush  in  several  parties, 
but  all  to  no  pm[)ose.  Tl'c  Indians  having,  without 
doubt,  discovered  them,  in  case  there  was  any  there- 
abouts. The  30th  they  Sdt  olf  from  the  hills,  and 
arrived  within  a  few  miles  of  this  fort:  and  the  1st 
July  they  arrived  accordingly  in  the  Ibrt. 

2.  Being  rainy  we;.thei  f  sent  no  scout,  but  put 
tiie  men  to  work  to  repan-  the  stockades. 

3.  Early  in  the  morning  my  men  were  all  gath- 
ered, and  I  ordered  a  Corporal  to  scout  with  a  party 
to  fort  Lebanon,  and  return  part  of  the  way  and  en- 
camp in  the  woods  upon  a  rising  ground,  that  he 
might  the  easier  discover  a  fire. 

4.  In  the  morning,  a  scout  of  Captain  Brisse's  ar- 
rived ;  and  returned  again  in  the  afternoon.  The 
scout  from  fort  Lebanon  returned,  and  the  Corporal 
made  report  that  he  had  runged  as  directed,  but  had 
made  no  discoveries. 

5.  Being  a  veiy  rainy  day,  could  send  no  scout, 
a.     Sent  Sergeant  Smith  on  a  scout,  to  range  or: 

that  side  Ure  mountain  toward  Schuylkill. 

V.     A.  scout  of  Captam  ilnsse's  arrived,  and  set  off 


470  APPENDIX. 

gigain  directly.     In  th(3  afternoon  my  scout  returned,  | 

but  had  no  news.     It  raining  hard,  they  lay  in  a  liorise  | 

about  twelve  miles  from  here,  | 

8.  Boi'ig  appointed  by  his  Honor,  the  Goverdor,  I 
a  day  of  Fai;t,  I  sent  no  scout,  but  had  a  sermon  read  , 
in  the  fort,  where  numbers  of  tlie  neighbors  had  as-  j 
sembled.  A  scout  of  Captain  Brisse's  arrived,  and  j 
reiurned  directly.  j 

9.  Sent  off  Corporal  Shefer  with  a  scout  t.;  fort  | 
Lebanon,  who  retnnied  on  the  } 

10.  But  brought  no  intelligence.     I  received  ox 


ders   to   repair   to    Reading,  where    I    arrived    ihis      | 
afternoon. 

11.  Rt.turned  again  into  the  fort,  where  Sergeant 
Smith  informed  me  a  scout  of  Captain  Brisse's  had 
arrived  at  the  fort,  and  returned.  That  he  had  r.iigcd 
the  Gap  about  two  miles  from  this, and  had  been  over 
the  mounliims,  but  had  discovered  nothing. 

12.  A  scout  of  Captain  Brisse's  arrived  and  re- 
turned immediately.  Sent  a  Corporal  and  a  scout  ti» 
range  to  fort  Lebanon. 

13.  My  scout  Irum  fort  Lebanon  returned.  Tiie 
Corporal  reported  he  had  ranged  as  ordered,  bia  had 
no  discoveries. 

14.  Captain  Brisse  arrived  this  morning  wiili  a 
party  of  Captain  Smith's  and  his  own,  to  the  number 
of  about  twenty-eight.  1  gave  him  fifteen  cf  my 
men,  in  oidor  to  escort  the  treaty  at  Easton. 

15.  It  being  a  rainy  day  I  sent  no  scout. 
IG.     Continuing  rniny  weather,  I  sent  noscoiu.  ir-. 

i\\e  evening  repaired  .some  stockades,  the  rain  havitig 
held  up. 

17.     'i'lic  water  being  high,  and  the  bushc:;  wet,  i 


AI'l'ENDAX.  471 

(^       sent  no  scout,  to-day.     A   scout  of  Captain  BrisSe'S 
e       arrived,  there  being  no  water  between  his  and  this 

fort. 

I  18.     Seni  a  scout  along  the  mountains.     They  ar- 

j        rived  in  the  evcuing;  and  hud  no  inteUigence. 

!9.  A  scout  of  Captniu  Urisse's  arrived  and  re- 
turned directly.  Sent  Sergeant  Smith  with  a  scout  to 
fort  Lebanon. 

20.  Sergeant  Srnnii  returned  and  reported  that  he 
had  bc(  n  itt  fort  Lebanon^  'nul  relumed  some  part  of 
the  way  and  laid  in  tlic  woods,  but  had  made  no  firOv 
They  made  no  discovery.  A  scout  of  Captain  Bris- 
se's  arrived  and  lelarncd  iiistantly. 

21.  Having  laid  out  part  of  my  men  to  protect 
the  farmers,  and  the  rest  Imlug  fatigued  whh  yester- 
day's scout,  I  could  send  none  to-day. 

22.  Sent  a  scout  along  the  mountains,  who  re- 
turneil  wilhoiU  discov^riiig  anything. 

23.  1  went  !icouiiiig  wall  a  party  over  tlw3  moun- 
tains, and  as  it  v/as  very  warm,  I  ordered  the  men 
about  noon  to  rest  themselves  a  couple  of  hours  when 
we  were  over  the  mountains.  I  then  ordered  them  to 
march,  and  as  we  came  t<i  Schuylkill,  I  saw  it  was  too 
high  for  the  men  to  wnde  through  ;  I  then  got  horses, 
and  towards  evening  we  got  over  Schuylkill.  We 
arrived  at  fort  Lebanon  towards  night,  iuad  was 
ti)bliged  to  stay  there  that  night. 

24.  Returned,  and  as  soon  as  we  came  over  on 
this  side'of  the  moimtains,  (it  being  yet  early  in  the 
day,)  I  took  quite  another  route  through  the  woods, 
but  made  no  discovery  jso  we  arrived  at  the  fort  in  tic 
evening,  I  had  notbeeiitliereone-half  an  hour,  before 
divce  iarme.'s  came  and  informed  me  that  this  morning 


472                                               APPENDIX.  ! 

1 

Ihe  Indians  had  (akcn  a  boy  of  about  fourteen  years  i 

prisoner,  biu  had  dcue  no  other  damage.     I  inunedi-  \ 
ately  sent  off  a  party ,  but  as  it  happened,  the  boy  being 

taken  p?isoiier  in  the  morning,  night  eame  on  before  ■ 

my  men  could  get  th^.-re.  \ 

26.  In  the  morning  1  heard  the  boy  had  escaped,  | 
and  that  he  made  report  that  there  were  four  white  I 
men  and  four  Indians  with  him,  and  that  at  night  he  j 
escaped,-  they  had  tied  him,  and  he  was  obliged  to  i 
lay  between  them,  but  as  they  all  got  drunk,  ai;d  fa  at  I 
asleep,  he  untied  himself  and  ran  oft".  He  lurlher  ^ 
says  that  v/lien  ht;  was  taken  prisoner  he  made  a  | 
noise,  and  that  tluy  .struck  him,  and  told  him  lo  l^ 
silent.  I  nnagine  they  saw  m-e  with  my  men  go  over 
tire  day  before  yesterday.  The  Indians  were  this 
night  about  the  fort,  but  as  it  was  very  dark,  1  did 
not  sally  out.                    -  | 

2G.     This  moiiiing  sent  out  Sergeant  Smith   .vith  *> 

five  men  to  search  about  the  fort  for  tracks,  but  lie  j 

only  found  one,  v.liich  was  in>  muddy  place.     But  • 

it  being  nothing  but  stones,  he  could  not  follow  the  1 

tracks.      It   rained  all  day  very   hard,  therefore    I  j 

could  send  no  scout.  f 

I 

27.  Sent  a  scout  down  on  this  side  of  the  moun- 
tain.    The  scout  returned  in  the  evening,  liavnig  no  | 
intelligence.  < 

28.  A  -scout  of  Captain  Brisse's  arrived,  and  re-  I 
turned  about  noon  ;  nothing  extraordinary  happened.  j 

29.  Sent  Sergeant  Smith  with  a  scout  aloi^g  the  ' 
mountains.     He  returned,  having  nothing  particular,  j 

30.  A  scout  of  Lieutenant  Philip  Weise/,  from  *" 
C-iptoni  Brisse  arrived      Havmg  laid  out  several  de-  ' 


tachments  to  as^isi  the  iMfmers,!  could  send  no  scout 

to-day. 

31.  Lieutenant  Weiser  returned  from  his  scout ;  I 
called  in  the  detachments  this  day,  and  sent  out  a 
scout,  which  returned  this  evening. 

August  1.  The  men  being  tired,  and  their  feet  in 
blisters,  1  let  them  rest  this  day. 

2.  Setu  a  scout  along  the  mountains  with  orden, 
to  range  to  Schuylkill. 

a  The  Corporul  relumed  from  scout  and  reported 
he  had  ranged  as  ordered. 

4.  A  scout  of  Captain  Ih  isse's  arrived  and  returned 
the  same  day.  Tlie  inhabitants  desiring  assistance  to 
bring  in  their  harvest,  I  gave  them  some  men,  and 
went  altho'  a  scouting,  but  as  I  left  few  men  in  th<; 
fort,  I  returned  this  evening. 

5.  A  scout  of  Capr  lin  Bri-sse's  arrived  and  went 
otr  after  they  had  icstcd  awhile.  Sent  Sergeant  Smith 
with  a  scout,  and  ordered  him  to  range  the  Avoods  ou 
this  side  of  the  mountains.  He  returned  and  had 
nothing  particuti-f. 

6.  Sent  oft'  a  scout ;  they  went  along  the  foot  ol 
the  mountain,  and  returned  in  the  evening  without 
any  intelligence. 

7.  Being  Sunday,  I  took  a  party  and  went  to 
church  with  a  party,  as  the  church  lies  near  the 
mountain,  and  Hit  minister  could  not  come  witliout  a 

guard. 

8.  The  Gentry  fired  ai  an  Indian.  The  Indiai. 
stood  behind  a  brush  about  three  hundred  yards  oil', 
and  was  vie\/ing  the  fort,  i  went  otf  with  eighteei 
\u<  u  and  parted  tbcmin  six  parties  and  went  after  tl.u 


474  APPENDIX. 

Indians,  but  conkl  not  come  up  with  them ;  w<iir'.  i-: 
deuring  abovit  the.  (oit,  it  being  thick  of  bushes. 

0.  CoaliciRMi  clearing  and  burning  brush,  so  (hiU 
on  (lie  soath  side  of  ilie  fort  it  is  cleared  a  full  nni'-ket 
tihot.     A  jJiuty  of  Captain  Brisse's  arrived. 

10.  S.M\i  oil  a  scouting  party,  who  returned  ai.J 
brouglit  no  intclligcee.  This  night  the  centry,  ahout 
iiti  houi-  ;d{i  i-  dark,  perceived  that  a  fire  which  iiad 
been  kuKlled  to  barii  brush,  but  was,  before  ii'.giii, 
gone  out,  ])cgan  to  burn  afresh, upon  which  he  •:  ,ill -i 
ihe  Sergeant  of  tlic  Cluard,  who  perceiving  the  sa.mc 
ordered  the  gumd  U»  fire,  on  wbich  the  Indiai,.  juu 
off.  The  dogs  piusnod  them,  and  kept  barking  afiei 
them  al)out  lialf  a  i<ule.  1  jiad  the  men  all  laulcr 
arms,  but  cvuiy  tlinig  being  now  quiet,  disiiii.s!,.'u 
them  ordering  tlicm  (o  be  in  continual  readiness  '.viih 
their  accoutrcnktits  uu.-  In  about  an  hour  tlu,  In- 
dian retunual,  ami  tuok  a  firebrand  out  otf  tlu  i',v.  , 
and  ran  oil.  'I'liLsy  were  immediately  fired  on,  bin 
in  vain. 

H,  Ensign  iJiddle  arrived  at  the  fort  with  th.^ 
detaclnui-nt  of  uiu-  C'jmpany,  that  were  in  Eastvui. 

12.  A  scout  of  Captain  lirisse's  arrived  aiivl  rc- 
tiu'ned  directly. 

13.  This  day  I  left  the  fort  in  order  to  go  to  ll.e 
Colonel's  agreeable  iu  his  orders.  I  left  Ensign  Bid  die 
in  the  fori. 

Sent  a  Corporal  to  range  towards  Schuylkill,  wlio 
retnijied  tlie  same  cvi  ning,  and  the  Corporal  reported 
he  had  ranged  as  diix-cted,  and  had  made  no  dis- 
coveries. A  scout  oi"  Captain  Brisse's  arrived,  and 
'■einrned  thesnme  evening. 


APi'EKnix.  475 

14.  Being  Sunday,  JMhiiater  Shumaker*  came 
here,  and  Ihe  soldiers  being  fatigued  with  contumal 

it         scouting,  there  was  no  scout  lo-day. 

It  15.     Ensign  13 iddie  sent  a  Corporal  with  a  scoui 

to  range  eastward  towards  Sciiuylifili,  and  return  un- 
der the  mountains.  The  scout  returned  towards 
evening,  ar.d  the  Corporal  made  report,  he  had  ranged 
as  directed,  and  had  no  intelligence. 

16.  Sent  a  Sergeant  with  fiiteen  men,  to  range 
eastward  along  the  moiiutain.  A  scout  of  Captain 
33risse's  arrived  and  returned  immediately.  In  the 
afternoon  the  scout  returned.  The  Sergeant  made 
report  he  had  ranged  as  directed,  but  had  no  news. 

17.  Early  this  morning  Ensign  Biddle  sent  Ser- 
geant Smith  v/iih  ten  men,  to  escort  Lieutenant 
Colonel  Weiser,  who  wus  expected  here  this  day. 

This  day  Colonel  \Veiser  arrived, accompanied  with 
Captain  Ihisse  and  my.self,  together  with  the  said 
escort.  The  Colonel  returned  the  same  day  home 
wards,  after  we  had  chosen  a  place  where  to  build 
a  new  fort.  Ensign  Biddle  went  along  with 
Captain  Brisse. 

18.  Sent  off  a  scout  to  fort  Lebanon,  and  ordered 
them  to  range  the  woods  between  here  and  that  fou 
till  night.  • 

19.  The  scout  returned  about  4  o'clock,  and  in- 
formed that  he  had  done  according  to  his  orders. 
Captain  Morgan  came  with  the  scout,  and  returned 
the  same  evening. 

20.  Seni  a  scout  of  fifteen  men  to  range  iIjG 
woods  towards  Schuylkill,  into  Windsor  township, 

'iui/..  Sinanak''-  '.vas  p.islor  of  ilie  Lutheran  Con^regatiA".  ;..( 
i'.e;!.dir.t,',  fiom  175'i  to   57, —  Contpikr. 


476 


AI'X'ENDIX. 


and  with  .-uKifs  to  c:!ll  in  some  detachments  lying  in  1 

(he  said  t()wn:3hip,  a>  cording  to  Lieutenant  Colt  iu,i'.b  ) 

orders.  j 

21.  Tiic   scout  i,;turned   with   the   detaehiiicni.  1 

The  Cor]  oral  reporltd  he  had  done  according  to  his 

orders,  bin  had  no  i.ews.     The  same  day  Captain  i 

IJriijse  rui  i  Easigii  Eiddlo  arrived  from  fort  Houiy;  ^ 

Captain  Biisse  retiu'ind  the  same  eveninj?.  I 

j 

22.  Uereivcdaii  c. impress  from  Lieutenant  Coloael  ! 
Weiser,  with  orduis  to  come  to  his  house.     In  pursu-  ': 
ance  of  which  1  tet  off  immediately,  leaving  Eujign 
Biddle  in  liic  fort,  I 

23.  A  scoul  oi  Captain  Brisse's  arrived.  Hit.  I 
Gentries  heard  the  Indians  distinctly  whistle  this  luqht  j 
in  the  woods.  ( 

24.  Ensign  liiddlb,  according  to  orders,  with  a  ^ 
scout  of  twenty  men,  went  over  the  mountain  ^  u:  I 
Captain  IMoigan'^;  ion. 

25.  Lie ntenaiit  Pliilip  Weiser  came  here  from  lojt  \ 
Henry  with  a  scout.  ? 

26.  Ensign  Biddic  returned  from  his  scout,  havmg  I 
been  at  Captain  Morgan's  fort,  and  from  th.iice  | 
scouted  over  the  moiuitains,  irrto  Allemangle,  and  j 
from  thence  along  thi  foot  of  the  mountain  till  here,  i 
This  day  lalss  airiveil  in  the  fort  from  Lieutenaiu  ! 
Colonel  Weiser's.  I 

27.  Having  orders  from  Lieutenant  Colonel  Wei 
ser  to  look  out  for  a  pioper  place  to  build  a  new  f(-rL 
this  being  so  bad,  I  began  to  lay  out  one  on  a  spot 
which  had  been  before  pitched  upon,  by  the  Cc.lonel  • 
«iid  Captain  Brisse,  bat  night  coming  we  cottld  nut  - 
finish. 

28.  Laid  out  tlie  remaining  part  of  the  fort 


APPENDIX.  477 

29.  Had  some  brush  cut  round  the  new  intended 
fort,  till  ev^ening. 

30.  Sent  off  a  scout  towards  Schuylkill.  They 
returned  in  the  eveniiig,  but  made  no  discovery;  re- 
turned with  ihe  remaining  party  of  the  men.  I  con- 
tinued clearing  and  burning  ot'  brush. 

31.  Sent  Oil  Sergeant  Smith,  with  a  scouting 
party,  towards  Sciiaylkili.  He  returned  but  made 
no  discovery. 


TEDYUSCUNG. 

Tadeuskund,  or  Tecdyuscung,  frequently  noticed 
in  the  preceeding  part  of  this  work,  was  so  conspicu- 
ous a  character  in  the  e;.rly  history  of  these  counties, 
that  it  is  deemed  proper  to  give  the  following  sketch 
of  this  remarkable  son  of  the  forest,  by  Mr.  Hecke- 
welder,  a  place  here; 

Tadeuskund,  or  Tecdyuscung,  was  the  last  Dela- 
ware chief  in  these  ]>arts.  east  of  the  Allegheny 
mountains.  His  name  makes  a  conspicuous  figure  in 
the  history  of  Pennsylvania,  previous  to  the  revolu- 
tion, and  particularly  towards  the  commencement  of 
the  war  of  175o. .  Before  he  was  raised  to  the  station 
of  a  chief,  he  had  signalized  himself  as  an  able  coun- 
sellor m  his  nation.  In  the  year  1749,  he  joined  the 
Christian  Indian  congregation,  and  the  following  year, 
at  his  earnest  desire,  was  christened  by  the  name  oj" 
of  GidcuH.  He  had  been  known  before  under  that 
of  (I'o^wit  John.     It  was  not  until  the  year   175', 


478  APPENDIX. 

that  his  imtion  called  upon  him  to  assume  a  milUuiy 
comiuand,  Tlie  French  were  then  stirring  up  the 
Indians,  particularly  the  Delawares,  to  aid  them  in 
fighting  Uio  English,  telling  them  that  if  they  suirered 
tliem  to  go  on  as  llicy  before  had  done,  they  would 
very  soon  not  have  u  foot  of  land  to  live  on.  The 
Susqueliam^a  aiid  Fork  Indians,  (Delawares)  wore 
then  in  wan  I  of  a  leading  character  to  advise  and 
govern  incnij  their  great,  good,  beloved  and  per.r;ca- 
ble  chief  7V/f/c'Wic,  (coinmordy  called  Tattevii)  lutving 
some  time  before  been  murdered  in  the  Forks  settle- 
ment by  a  foolish,  young  white  man.  They,  ihere- 
fore,  called  upon  Tacleuskund  to  take  upon  himself 
the  station  <tf  a  thief,  which,  having  accepted,  he  re- 
paired to  Wyoioing,  whither  many  of  the  Forks  In- 
dians followed  him. 

Whatever  might  have  been  Tadeuskund's  disposi- 
tion tow.ivdslhe  English  at  that  time,it  is  certain  tliat 
it  was  a  dilticult  task  for  him,  and  would  have  been 
such  for  any  oilier  chief,  to  govern  an  exasperated 
people,  entirely  devoted  to  the  opposite  interest, 
This  may  account  for  his  not  having  always  suoe';,ed- 
ed  in  gratifmg  our  government  to  the  extent  of  their 
wishes.  Yet  he  did  much  towards  lessening  the  cru- 
elties of  the  enemy,  by  keeping  up  an  intercourse 
with  the  governor  of  Pennsylvania,  and  occasionally 
drawing  many  from  die  theatre  of  war  and  murder, 
to  meet  the  colonial  aiUhorities  at  Easton  or  Philadel- 
phia, for  die  negotiation  of  treaties,  by  which  means 
fewer  cruelties  weie,  committed  than  would  other- 
wise have  been. 

His  frequent  visits  to  the  governor,  and  toihu  peo- 
pio  called  Quakers  (to  whom  lie  was  much  alliiJied. 


.rir-TLNDiA.  47t' 

because  they  were  knovvu  io  ha  Iriendly  to  tlie  In- 
dians) excited  much  jealousy  ainoiig  some  of  his  uatiou^ 
especially  the  Mouseys,  who  believed  that  he  was 
carrying  on  some  underbuild  \v\  rk  at  Philadclpiiia 
detrimental  to  tlie  nation  at  large  ;  on  which  account, 
and  as  they  wislied  ilie  coniir,uatfon  of  the  war,  they 
lecanic  his  enemies. 

From  ihQ  ])rcciinoris  sita.itioa  Tadeuskund  wai. 
placed  in,  it  was  easy  to  foresee  iliat  he  would  comr. 
to  an  untimely  end.  l-cilup-  v,'.j  Indian  chief  befure 
1  him  ever  found  him.self  so  dtdicately  situated  ;  mib 
i  Uusted  aitd  blamed  by  our  gc'.-rmnent  and  the  Fa>- 
giish  people  generally,  becdU.se  iiu  did  not  use  hi:^ 
v/hole  endeavours  to  keep  hi.  nation  at  jieace,  or 
compel  tliem  to  lay  down  tiie  hatchet;  and  accused 
by  his  own  people  of  havijig  taken  a  bribe  from  the 
i'lnglish,  or  entered  intu  ionie  secret  agreement  with 
diem  thai  wohKI  be  of  biiei\(  i.>  himself  alone,  as  hr. 
would  not  sr.ller  iliem  to  n.dict  just  pumsbment 
on  that  nation,  for  the  wroni^s  they  iiad  done  iheni^ 
but  was  conscaiuly  eallmg  upon  them  to  make 
t>eace.  The  Five  Nations,  on  the  other  hand,  (tlie 
enennes  of  the  Delawares,  and  m  alliance  with  Eng- 
land,) blamed  him  for  doing  too  uuicL  for  the  cause 
wliicli  ib.ey  themselve  supported,  for  making  himself 
UjO  busy,  and  assuming  an  audiority,  which  did  not 
belong  to  him,  the  leader  of  a  band  o(  women,  but  to 
them,  liie  Five  Naiions  a.ione. 

To  d>)  justice  to  (hisinjiu'cd  chici^,  the  true  s... rot  el 
ius  apj  arently  eoiitradictory  conduct  inu:.i  bt  hert 
disclosed.  It  is  said  by  those  Indians  wliO  ki;ew  bin. 
best,  and  who  at  that  time  had  the  welfaie  of  their 
■cv,'ii  nation  miich  at  iu),..ci,  thai  ids  great  i^ad  ,^;ale  ob 


480  APPENDIX. 

ject  WuL  w  lecavcr  lortlie  Lervii  Leriape  thdii  digiury 
which  ihc  Iioqucis  had  treacherously  wrested  from 
them  ;  tlience  flowed  the  bitterness  of  the  latter  u^'iiinst 
hill),  tliongh  he  seemed  to  be  promoting  the  same  in- 
terest which  Vaey  iheniselves  supported.  He  h.ad 
long:  hoped  tl:at  by  shewing  friendship  and  a'aacli-  | 
nient  to  the  English,  he  would  be  able  to  convinct;  ^ 
them  of  ihe  jusiice  jf  his  nation's  cause,  who  wore  | 
yet  powerful  (.iiivugh  to  make  their  alliance  an  »jbject  1 
to  (h^  l?riiish  gov ..Muinent,  but  here  he  was  gi.jat'y  ) 
mistaken  No  one  would  examine  into  the  grounds 
of  the  coniioversy  between  the  Delawares  and  the  | 
Five  Nations  j  lln;  latter,  on  the  contrary,  were  sup- 
ported in  their  unjust  pretentions  as  theretofore,  and 
even  called  up;>ii  to  aid  in  compelling  the  Lenape  to 
make  peace.  'I'his  unjust,  and  at  the  same  time  im- 
politic coiiductj  of  which  I  have  before  taken  suCi- 
cient  notice,  ini;. Ued  to  the  utmost,  the  spirited  ualiMi  \ 
of  the  Delaware  '^,  they  felt  themselves  insulted  ai.d  dc-  \ 
graded,  and  were  le/^s  disposed  than  ever  from  com  | 
plying  W/iih  the  wislies  of  a  government  wliich  .sport-  I 
ed  in  this  manner,  with  their  national  feelings,  ai.d  I 
called  in  question  even  their  riglit  to  exist  as  an  Iwdt-  I 
pendent  people  I 

Surrounded  as  he  was,  with  enemies,  TadeuskunJ  |[ 
could  not  escape  the  fate  that  liad  long  been  intended 
for  him.  In  the  spring  of  1763,  when  the  European 
nations  had  made  peace,  but  the  Indians  were.->iili  at 
war,  he  was  burnt  up,  together  with  his  house,  as  ho 
vvas  lying  in  his  bed  asleep.  It  was  supposed  and 
believed  by  many  who  were  present,  that  this  dread- 
ful e^ent  was  not  accidental,  but  had  been  niLdirely 
fe:?olvcd  on  by  Uhs  enemies,  whoever  they  were,  and 


APPENDIX.  481 

that  the  Hquor  which  was  brought  to  Wyoming  at  the 
time,  was  intended  by  them  for  the  purpose  of  en- 
ticing liim  to  drink,  tliat  they  iuight  the  more  easily 
effect  their  purpose.  A  number  of  Indians  were  wit- 
nesses to  tlie  fact  tliat  iheliousc  was  set  on  fire  from 
the  outside.  Suspicion  fell  principally  upon  the 
Mingoes,  who  were  known  lo  be  jealous  of  him,  and 
fearful  of  his  resentment,  if  lie  should  succeed  in  in- 
I  sinuating  himself  into  the  favor  of  the  English,  and 
making  g;)od  terjns  witli  ihom  for  his  nation.  It  is 
said  that  those  Indian.^  were  concerned  in  bringing  the 
fatal  li<iuor  which  is  believed  lo  have  been  instrumen- 
tal to  the  execution  of  ihe  design. 

While  Tadeuskuad  was  at  the  head  of  his  nation, 
he  was  frequently  distinguislied  by  the  title  of  "  King 
of  the  Delawares."  While  passhig  and  repassing  to 
and  from  the  en.emy  with  messages,  many  people 
called  hiui  ihe  '•  War  'J'r.mipet."  In  his  person  he 
was  a  portly  woUlookiiig  man,  endowed  with  good 
natural  sense,  quick  of  comprehension,  and  very  ready 
in  answering  the  questions  put  to  him.  He  was 
rather  ambitious,  thought  much  of  his  rank  and  abili- 
ties, liked  to  b(3  considered  as  the  king  of  his  country, 
and  was  fond  of  having  a  retinue  with  him  when  he 
went  to  Philadelphia  op  business  with  the  govern- 
ment. His  greatest  v/eakness  was  a  fondness  lor 
strong  drinks,  the  temptation  of  which  he  could  not 
easily  resist,  and  would  sometimes  drink  to  excess. 
This  unfortunate  propensii  y  is  supposed  to  liave  been 
the  cause  of  hiscniol  and  trntimely  death. 

E2  ' 


483  APPENDIX. 


BELIGIOUS  NOTICE. 


'I'keuk  is  but  a  small  space  left  us  to  notice  (hf:  it-  | 
iigioui.  Iiistoi^^  of  (hese  counties.  If  difFerence  oi  ] 
opiiiion  on  this  intercstingsubject,  is  a  sure  ind<:X  lo  a  ; 
deep  loncd  piety  and  christian  benefaction — cliariiy  I 
in  the  true  .sense  of  the  gospel,  then  may  the  p:3op!e  \ 
of  these  ooatities  hry  no  small  claim  to  a  share  of  le-  I 
ligion;  and  none  who  has  spent  any  time  anK.ug  .so  t 
kind  and  h<>si)ilal)lt  a  people,  would  doubt  .  acli  a  j 
claim.  'I'here  ine  not  less  than  eight  or  ten  disluicl 
denominations  lo  be  found  in  the  various  parts  o( 
these  counties.  Pcihaps  in  no  part  of  the  .state  ol 
Pennsylvania,  do  we  meet  with  larger  churches  thai: 
in  this  region.  Anil  if  we  are  allowed  to  judgi'  fron. 
the  exti'riv:)r  of  ihoi.)  stately  temples,  as  to  the  Ju\m-  j 
tion  and  charity  of  those  who  worship  in  thcin,  wr  j 
must  believe,  if  thcie  is  correspondence  here,  tliat  the-  j 
cause  of  Christ  is  cherished,  and  the  spirit  of  h.  iku^o-  J 
leuee  abroad  among  the  several  denominations.  It  i-.  | 
to  be  hoped  that  a  i-eal  for  so  good  a  cause  will  soon  \ 
become  commensurate  with  its  importance  anl  clainx  \ 
upon  all  classes  of  men.  | 

It  is  more  than  probable  that  the  Rev.  Eleazm  | 
Wales,  a  Presbyterian  clergyman,  was  the  fii  -,1  \vL: 
preached  within  the  limits  of  Northampton  ;;o;inty. 
He  resigned  his  pastoral  charge  of  the  Ailentown 
co?tgregaiion  in  1731.  Rev.  Mr.  Webster  of  Maaeb  ; 
Chunk,  says  :  ''  Wy  the  records  of  the  Philadelphia 
Presbytery,  it  appeal .;  that  the  Rev.  E.  VVale,>i  resigned 
il."l)'d'5laral  chaige  (if  Allenlo\vn,m  I7LM."  Th.v  lol 


AFPENDIX.  483 

gregation  probably  remained  vacant  till  the  visit  of 
IJraiaei  1,  1744,  who  often  preached  at  the  settlement 
wiiere  the  church  now  stands. 

Rev.  David  Braineid  was  born  in  April,  1718,  at 
Haddam,  Connecticut.  In  1739,  he  became  a  mem- 
ber of  Yale  College,  v/here  he  was  distinguished  for 
application,  and  general  correctness  of  conduct.  In 
the  spruig  of  ]  742,  he  began  the  study  of  divinity  ; 
and  at  the  end  of  July,  he  was  licensed  to  preach,  for 
which  a  thoroiigh  exarnination  hiid  shown  him  quali- 
fied. He  had  for  some  time  entertained  a  strong  de- 
sire of  preaching  the  gospel  among  the  heathen,  which 
was  gratified  by  an  appointment  as  missionary  to  the 
Indians.  At  Kaunemeck,  an  Indian  Village  of  Mas- 
sachusetts, he  commenced  his  labors  in  his  twenty- 
fifth  year  of  his  age.  ITc  remained  there  about  twelve 
months,  at  first  residing  in  a  wigwam  among  the  In- 
dians, but  afteruards  in  a  rabin,  whieh  he  constructed 
for  himself,  that  he  aught  be  alone,  when  not  engaged 
•in  his  duties  of  j)reaclung  and  instruction.  In  1744. 
he  was  ordained  by  the  Presbytery  of  Newark,  N.  J., 
and  took  up  h:s  habitation  near  the  forks  of  the  Dela- 
ware, Bucks,  now  Northampton,  county,  where  he 
resided  for  a  year,  during  the  course  of  which  he 
made  two  visits  to  the  Indians  on  the  Susquehanna. 
His  exertions  were  not  successfully  crowned, until  he 
Avent  to  the  Indians  at  Ciosweeksung, near  Freehold, 
in  New  Jersey.  Before  the  end  of  the  year,  a  com- 
plete reformation  tooic  place  in  the  lives  of  the  sav- 
ages, seventy-eight  of  wb'.iu  he  baptized  within  l)i;.i 
time.     lie  died  October  i).  1747. 

BraiiKndleft  a  jourmi  vi  his  labors,  but  lias  noi^U 
1-  ■,"  Tacts,  and  recorded  £caice  any  names  of  pcrsoji:;. 


4bi  APPENDIX, 

that  would  aid  in  eihicidatiiig  any  portion  of  history. 

In  his  vibit  to  tlie  Corks  of  the  Delaware,  he  says  : 
"  On  Saturday,  May  12,  1744,  he  came  to  a  settlement 
of  Irish  and  Dutch  (German)  people,  and  proceeding 
at)Out  IV.  elvo miles  further,  arrived  at  Takhaiiwotung, 
an  hidmn  settlement  within  the  forks  of  the  D^'la- 
v/ai-e, 

'•  LoriPs  day,  May  1 3.  Rose  early ;  felt  very  poorly 
after  my  long  journey,  and  after  being  wet  and  fa- 
tigued. Was  very  melancholy;  have  scarcely  ever 
seen  such  a  gloomy  morning  in  my  life  ;  there  ap- 
peared to  he  no  Sabbath;  the  children  were  at  play; 
J,  a  stranger  iii  the  wilderness,  and  know  not  'Adieie 
to  go  ;  and  all  circumstances  seemed  to  conspire  to 
render  my  atfairs  dark  and  discouraging.  WdS  dis- 
appointed respecting  an  interpreter,  and  heard  that 
the  Indians  were  much  scattered.  0, 1  mournei  aftvu- 
the  presence  of  (lod,  and  seemed  like  a  creature  bau- 
islied  from  his  sight  !  yet  he  was  pleased  to  support 
my  sinking  soul  amidst  all  my  sorrows  ;  so  that  I 
never  entertained  any  thought  of  quitting  my  business 
among  the  po.ir  Indians;  but  was  comforted  to  think 
that  death  would  eie  long  set  me  free  from  the-e  dis- 
tresses.  Rode  about  three  or  four  miles  to  the  Irish 
people,  where  I  found  some  that  appeared  sober  inul 
concerned  about  religion.  My  heart  then  began  to 
be  a  little  encouraged;  went  and  preached,  fust  to 
the  Irish  and  diou  to  the  Indians,  and  in  the  evening 
was  a  litlle  comforted,"  &;c. 

F>'Ui  years  bulore  Brainerd  commenced  his  \n\-6- 
sionary  labors  amongst  the  Indians,  in  the  Fo'i^s  ol 
the  Delaware,  Bishop  David  Nitschman,  with  u  com- 
pany of  Moraviar.s,  arrived  from  Europe  and  sjtilod 


Ai>r£N.uix.  485 

at  Bethlehem.     In  1741,  Cu.it  ZiiizenJorfl",  that  re- 
markable man,  came  lo  Pennsylvania  as  an  ordinary 
of  the  United  Brethren,  "with  a  view  of  not  seeing 
(   liie  Moravian  establishments  hi  general,  but  especially 
I   the  fruits  o[  their  labors  among  the  heathen.     Since 
\   tiie  days  of  Zinzendorff,  the  Moravians  have  contin- 
ued to  prosper  in  this  ponion  of  Pennsylvania.    They 
have  been  laboring  indefatigably  in  the  cause  of  reli- 
gion, and  of  their  Divivje  Master.     They  have  several 
llourisliing  congregations. 

The  Lutheran  and  German  Reformed  ministers, 
the  Reverends  Muhlenberg  and  Schlatter,  preached 
within  these  limits  Letv/een  1744  and  1754,  and  at  a 
later  period.  Congrcgalioas  of  these  denominations, 
as  well  as  Presbyterian.^  :  nd  others,  are  found  in  va- 
rious parts  of  these  counties. 

The  present  religious  d'noininations  in  these  coun- 
ties are,  besides  tluisc  air.;. id)  mentioned,  Episcopals, 
Methodists,  Baptists,  Ijiiited  Brethren,  Dunkards, 
Evangelical  Association,  Quakers,  Catholics,  Church 
of  God,  Jews,  Schwenkfelders,  Universalists.  These 
all  have  churches,  a,.  ;ilr,3ady  noticed  in  the  body  of  this 
work.  Notwithstanding  this  array  of  names  of  reli- 
gious parties,  there  is  much  missionary  ground  that 
might  be  profitably  occupied  by  ministers  wlio  can 
.speak  English  and  German. 


■■/s^-'^^y 


Allen  township,  N  no   007 

Aqimnshicola,  or  Aquan-^tiehals,  U-,  ^-^ 

219 
236 
233 
293 
'232 
'461 


■;u... 


Alleiuown,  borough, 
Allen,  fort,  m  C  ,     t    r 

Adoption  of  prisoners  by  the  Indians, 
Abduction  of  Gilbert's  fornily, 

Acretown,  ,     ,   ,,    , 

Anders  uud  laniily  killed, 
Addenda,  ,  ,,\ 

B.      •■  ■     •:  . 

Bath,  in  N  ''  ^g 

}3elleville,  in  N 
Berlinville,  in  N 
.  Bushkill  township,  N 
Bethlehem  township, 
Bethlehem,  lown, 

Brainerd  Rev  ,  ■  '  V126 

Biery's  Port,  136 

Brcineigsvillej  ml 
BranchvillG, 
BaLtonsville, 
Beaver  Meadow, 

Banlis  tow^iship,  '  **g 

]!uruaudon,  in  0 


66 
71 

78 
79 
86 


159 
175 
213 
214 


488  INDEX, 

Burd,  Jamss  visited  lort  Allen,  225 

Bethel,  Mount  Upper,  59 

Berks  co,,  erection  of,  241 

Branch  t,  253 

Barry  t,  255 

Belleniont  cuiiierieS;,  350,  361 

Berry 'y  colliery.  36 G 

Belfast  collieiy,                   .  3GG 

Bolton  &  Go's  culiienes,    ^  "                          3Gy 

Brunswick  t.  West,  268 

Bnrd's  Journal,  ''                      .   447 

Ihaii^s  wife  and  t.liiul  abducted,  25! 

Biisse  Captain,  463,  '1 


Courtrecords,  cxtraci.:.  from,  N  i         ..22 

Council  held  at  Ea^ston,  ,  ,       .,-,_.,    31 

Centre ville,  in  N  59 

Centreville,  orNili^hsville,  ,  :..j  .  .  ..  ■,      ,64 

Cherryville,  in  N  .:  .,..!..i67 

Christian  llriuui,  :  ,  ',  \  -.       .     ;   1^ 

Ciansevillc,  in  J..  ;.      134 

Craig's  Meadow,  159 

Coolbaugh  towiisln'p,  172 

Chestnuthill  townshi}',  177 

Carbon  conmy  orocled,  :     '181 

Chfton,  in  C  '             ■•  •    213 

Coaqueimae,  296 

Coal  Castle,                            /  '...:  ..    •'  r.,...  296 

Coal  &c.,  history  of  298 
Coal  region  and  mining  operations,        331,  345 

Coal  origin  and  formation,  331 

Coal,  quantity  transported,  •             .  319 

Common  school,  ■■  403 

0. 

Delaware  Water  Gap,  2G 

Dill's  ferry,  in  N  60 


489 


Devil's  pulpit,  •          114 

Dilliiigcr's,  127 

Dutotsburg,  ■     '  •'•'.      ■    158 

Davis' colliery,  '",     '"     '357 

Den  Sergeimt  killed,  .  .     '           ^^30 

Depue  Samuel,  '■  ■'■      417,  418 

;v;                         •   E,  ,:.  .    i  .,;: 

Easton,  'jarly  itisioiy  oi",  •       •        '31 

Eastoji,  as  at  pre.^'ent,  .•          '52 

EpitapiiS  c't  "JJclhlchcui,  ■'         '-82 

Eniaus,  in  L  •    -        140 

East  Penn  township,  228 

Epitaphs  at  Mahoning,  232 

East  Brunswick  township,  249 
Evan's  colliery,                       '       '  •     '^        -376 

Education,  '.;•'.'    '  '380 

Easton,  Tree  school  at,  1755,  .•   '              394 

Enslee  Captain,  420 

Eveiitt's  station  454 


Freshet  at  Easton  in  1840,       —     '     ••-  ^'       53 

u              u                 1811^         ....    ■   >  -54 

Flatfield,  inN  :,..;.      51 

Forks  to  wnshi}),  N  73 

Frecmansburg,  in  N  79 

Frieden  Kuerten,  86 

Franklin  Denjamin's  letters,  92,  221 

Fries' trial,  118,125 

Fogelsville,  in  L  135 

Freystown,  or  Freyslviug,  '138 

Flood  at  Allentown,  '    '           144 

Foit  Haaiilfon,  152,  417 

Flood  :'.t  Su\<udsbui-g,  155 

Fcnncrsvillc,  180 

FoL-t  Allen,  or  Weispori;        .  217 

llMil  of '&6  at  Fort  Allen,  218 


490 


Helleistown.N 


French  and  Indian  Wars,  ,    •   a5Q 

Friedeiisburg,                     ,  '    ,  '       26Q 

Freshet.s  in  1831-41,  290 

Freeman's  collieries,  _.    '  '  352 

Fitzirnmoti's  colliery,  '     ^.354 

Free  school  at  Easton,  1755,  .",'  "       ,'    394 

Fort  Norris,  415' 

Fort  North  Kill,  410 

Fort  Hyndshaw,  4\q 

Fabric! us  liilled  and  scalped,  231 

Fort  Henry,  .     463 

Fort  I.cbanoiij  464 

Fragment  of  a  JO  LUiial.  ...            463 

G. 

Germans,  history  of,                   '  -7 

Glenden  Iron  works,  71 

Gnadrnthal,  in  N  78 

Germansville,  in  L  12S 
Great  Swamp,                              '  .       ';        ,    315 

Gnadti;  lliKittcn,  *     oig 

Gap  the,  ni  C  227 

Gilbert's  family  abducted,  233 

Great  dam,  or  artilicial  lake,  257 

Gartermeyer  inurdered,  232 

Geiger  J.ieuienant,  453 

H. 

Hauertown,  in  N                   •.  \  m'   i.       64 


68 


Hanover  township,  N  68 

Hecktown,  in  N  74 

Horsefiold  Timothy,  ^                88,  90.   ii2 

HatcheitootlA  Falls',  '    '                      '112 

Hanover  township,  L  •                       i2ii 

Heidelbia-g  township,      .   '      '  J27 

Haniilion  township,  ■               179 

Hazelcon,  ',    '  ,   ,■ "                    214 


491 


Hoeth's  creek,  in  0  ■    215 

Home,  :     23y 

History  ol'coal,  .■■     ; 

Henderson's  colliery, 

HeeLner's  colliery, 

Hewes'  colliery, 

Hoeth  and  family  nuudert-.d, 

Hartmau  murder, 

Harriger  abducted. 


298 
264 
267 
368 
216 
,267 
233 


16 

293 


Irish,  history  ol 

Irislitown,  ^  „  ,,  ^..^ 

Instructiou,  course  of,  ai  Lafayette  College,  3J« 


Johnsonville,  m  N 
Jacobsburg,  in  N 
Jacksonville,  in  h 
Junction  Collieries, 
Journal  of  Van  EticiK 
Journal  of  Young, 
Journal  of  Burd, 
Journal,  fragment  of 


Kreidersville,  in  N 
Kernsvillc  or  Pctersville, 
Klecknersville,  in  N 
Kern's  Mills,  in  L 
ICunklesville, 
Killersville, 


66 
72 
132 
268 
421 
409 
447 
463 


64 

67 

67 

129 

179 

179 

351,  356 


Kinsley's  coUieries,  ^     '  ^^ 

Kurt.'';  Rev.  receiver  a  letter, 


Liule  Gap,  of  N 


25 


492 


Lower  P.I0111U  Betliel  t,  N  :.,    .'•    i 

Lehigh  t,  N 

Lfihighviile  or  iierlinviUe  .'•  '  ■ 

Lehigh  Rolling  mill, 

Lower  Nazareth  township, 

Leticrs.  important  ones,  ; 

Lehigh  county'  organized, 

Leckhaw,  or  I.ehigh  river,  .    ' 

Lehigh  Watt^r  Oa[), 

Linn  towusliip.  L 

Linni/illo,  in  L 

Low  Hill  towjc^iiip, 

Lower  Macnnjy  township,  • . 

Lehigh  Port, 

Lower  Srniihii^id  t, 

Lehigh  coal  nihie  company  formed, 

Lausanne,  in  C 

Lausanne  (ov/Ji.;hip,  C 

Lawrylowu.  in  0 

Lehigh  river  inijauved. 

Lower  Towanii  nsing  township,     '  " 

Lehighton   in  (J 

Llewellyn, 

l^ouishing, 

Landisuille  '      '    '' 

Lawtcnlown, 

Lick  Run  C',>iHcr!es, 

LoWlI  MalMMi  iigo  t, 

Latayette  C.'.ileg;,  S'Jl 

Lesley  killed  hy  Indians,  ^    ^     ^  23?. 

Moore  township,  N  '' '  '  '          67 

Millerstown  or  Aiillerville,  135 

Mount  Pleasant,  in  J.                      ■   '  '  137 

Mammoth  Rock,  '              13^ 

Monroe  county  organized,  145 

Meenesinks,  159 

Middle  Smithlield  i,  163 


60 

66 

66 

70    1 

71 

109    'i 

110 

ni 

113     ; 

131    ' 

132    i 

133 

1  35 

1 1 3 

J  57 

1 !)  3 

212     i 

2]  3     ' 

213    1 

inf)   ; 

2Qf;   1 

229 

254    ' 

2(J3     i 

270    ^ 

293     , 

355    i 

2  5  5     i 

297 
331 


jNI)i;x.  493 

Mauch  Chunk  townsln]),  187 

MaiK'h  Chunk,  188 

Mauch  Cliiaik  rnounlahi,  191,  199 

Mahonhig  township,  0  228 

Moravia u  Miss.  Estab.  destroyed,  229 

Mount  Iklhel,  XTpper,  .           59 

JVfacunjy,  Upper,  .    :  ■    134 

Miiioi-d,  Upper,  136 

Manhciin  townsliip,        .  251 

Mincrsville,  253 

Maliantango  t,  Lower^  255 

M'Kcansb\n-g,  270 
Mackeysville, 
Mhhng  operations  in  L  co.. 

Music  Hail  culHc-ries,  354 

Mannnoth  colliery,  379 

Maliantango  t.,  Upper,                ■  ■  •  ■   ■     ^  •  -265 

Members  of  educaticn  scheme,  '   ^^  •'-■       -384 

Mill  creek  rail  road,  -    370 

Model  school  at  Ivrttan,  403 

INIarshall's  wif.-killMl,  437 

N.  '  •   :'    ■ 

Northampton  CO.,  erection  of,  .    ■      -1,9 

NorUiainpton,  present  limits  of,  24 

Nelighsville,  in  N  -64 

Newijurg,  in  ['*  74 

Nazareth,  in  N  ...    75 

North  Whitehall  township,  L  .128 

132 
140 
173 


New  Tripoli,  in  L 

Northampton  townslvip,  L. 

Nagleville, 

Nesc^uihoning;  in  C  ■       .'      '^^^ 

Nazareth,  Lower  township  -  ;      74 

Norwegian  township,  271 

Nev/  Cluslle,  296 

NodiL  Kill,  Fori  ai.  -HO 

Norris\s  Fo.-l,                             '  ^1^ 

Niii-ehman  killed,  icC;  231 


491 


O. 


Orndi  Jacob's  letters, 
Oplinger's,  or  Upiinger% 
Owl  creek,  in  C 
Orwigsburg, 
Origin  of  coal, 


224,  2^5 

221 

22S 

269 

.      331 


Vropcrty.  loss  o\  vA  Easton, 

Pjuinfiold  t,  N 

Petersvilles.  or  Kernsville, 

Price  tuwnsliip, 

Pokonu  tovviishiji; 

Penn  Ilavcii,  it;  C 

Penn  Foie&(  lowriship, 

Parrysville,  m  C 

Peart  and  otiiers  abducted. 

Petitions, 

Port  Clinton,  ,       i 

Porte  I,  t, 

Pine  (Jiovc  t, 

Pine  Grove. 

Pattersonvilie, 

Pottsville  und  vicinity, 

Port  VVilhclni, 

Port  Carbon, 

Pennman's  collieries, 

Patrick's  collieries, 

Pinkerton's  colliery, 

Penn  t,  West,  ,-     , 

Parsons  William, 

Prisser  Martin,  killed, 

Penipcr  Cliristian,  murdered, 

Puisons'  letter  to  Rev.  Kurtz, 


53 
(y5 
67 
i72 
173 
yi3 
215 
21G 
933 
242 
249 
25  o 
25S 
253 
259 
272 
272 
293 
353 
354 
377 
270 
395 
232 
225 
2G7 


Q. 

Quinn's  cotton  laclory, 
Quantity  of  coal  transported, 


70 
jli) 


49: 


Richmond,  in  N  '60 

]\ose,  11.  e.,  of  Nazareth,                •    .     ■  77 
Rittersville,  in  L                            /.  •      '  -      127 

Ross  township,  -178 
Rockport,  in  C                                             -213 

Rush  t,  259 

Jihoadstown,  293 

Richard's  coliiciy,  363 

Ronaldson  colUery,  374 

Ranihow  colliery,  375 

liankEsqr's  ieticr,  259 

Reichelderfers  murdered,  250 

S. 

Slate  Port,  in  N  •■    >'  •  ■    '       ■    59 

Saucon  township,  N                     ''•;  68 

South  ICaston,  liorough,  69 

South  Easton,  t'uundry,  70 

Stoel  niunulachwy,  70 

Stockersvillc,  in  N  73 

Shoeneck,  in  N  78 
Spangenherg's  letters,                                   95,  99 

Segersville,  in  \,  128 

Siegersville,  129 

Snydersville,  129 

Slate  Dam,  in  L  .   129 

Sontli  Wliitehall  to\vnshi]>^  130 

Scheimersvilltj,  135 

Salisburg  township,  139 

Stroud  township,  150 

Stroudsburg,  151 

Sniithfield  township,  M  157 

Spruce  Giovc,  173 

Saxville,  173 

Snydersville,  in  M  179 

Saylorsville,  180 

Sl.fuios  ofdualii,  215 


496 


South  Lohigliton,  22^ 

Schuylkill  county.  239 

Sinithfieltl  Lower  township,  157 

Saucon,  Upper,  13S 

Suiithli(;kl,  Upper,  .,..         ms 

Scliuylidll  cuiinty  erected,  ,.         241 

Schuylkill  llavcij,  .     .              252 

Swataraville^  259 

Schuylkill  (ov/iislii]>,  •         2f)2 

Schuylkill  v.iUey,  263 

St.  Clair,  2!»G 

SclmeidbuJg.  272 

Schuylkill  coal  holds,  3  13 

Schuylkill  Valley  District,  3]S 

Silver  crook  colliori<.s,  35S 

Salem  collioiics,  371 

Sillyniaii'^  culiiory,  37u 

Schlatter.^  ycliciuc  of  education,  3S'l 

Subscri[)lion  towards  school  house  &c.,  395 
Serninaiics  at  Nazareth  and  Betlileheni,         403 

Senseniaiis  killod,  2;;,' 

SchwicuiTi  iiiiadur,  233 

Swatara  loit,  ,                             451 


Topograpliy  of  low  nships, 

N 

o[) 

Trexlerstuwn,  iu  L 

135 

Toh yhan  na  to  w  nsh  ip, 

173 

Tannersv'ille, 

17G 

Tippey'd  tlood,  in  0 

2  IS 

Towamonsing,  Lower, 

22  G 

Tuscarora, 

2UG 

Tamaqua, 

2(i] 

Tuscarora  collieries, 

349 

Thompson's  collieries, 

353 

Trnstv^es  of  the  education  scheme  of  1751, 

3S2 

Tidd  John,  kilbd, 

431) 

Trump  Adam,  municred, 

251 

Tedyuecimi;.  sketch  oi 

4  77 

497 


Upper  IVIoiuit  Beihel  township,  N                     59 

Upper  N;iz  irctb  townsliip,  75 

Upper  Macunjy,  in  L  134 

Upper  Millord  lowsnlup,  136 

Upper  ScLUtoii  lowDship,  138 

Upper  Sinittifield  township,  163 

Upptir  'I'o  iV amending  tov/iiship,  215 

Union  township,  265 

Upper  Wahaiitango  tcv.'oihip,  "                    265 

UrciTs  colherie-s,  353 

Union  collieries,  359 


Van  Ettcn's  jiiarnal,  421 

Van  Etten,  jikiiice  o*  the  peace,                      428 

W. 

Welsh,  history  of,  13 

Wuid  Gap,  N  26 

Willianisl)ur;j:,  in  N  59 

WeuverslnuL'-,  in  N  64 

Wardsbiirg,  in  N  66 

Williams  town  ship,  N  69 

Williamspori,  in  N  71 

Whitfield's  purchase,  in  N  75 

,  Weisenbiirg  township,  137 

Weiss[)ort,  in  C  216 

Weiss  Jacoh^  ('olonel,  '                            217 

Wayne  township,  260 

West  Ikunswi.  k  to\i/!iship,  268 

West  Penn  rc.Mu^hip,  270 

Williom's  cwihcry,  357 

Weutheroid  Captain,  414,  419 


F2 


49a- 


INDKX. 


Y. 

iioun^'  Jaiucs,  coininissary  in  1756, 


Youiu"'s  addition, 


29a 

Young's  cammissiry  journal,  10 J) 

Z. 

ZminernKuistou'U,  ^^'■ 

Zeisloa*  Ocorge,  HUed,  ^^^^ 


SIJBtsCRLUEllS^   NAMES. 


^(UKiyiKlI.L   (U.IINTY. 


Residence — FcUaviUe. 
Rev  David  Mubsingf' 

iiev  Hii^di  I^ane 

Charles  Loeeer 

Isaac  Beck 

Daul  Larer 

Michael  Morlinier 

Nichohis  Fox 

EJwd  Owen  I'arry  Ivq 

F  W  Hufrhos  lisq 

(leo  L  Gcnslcr 

Andrew  B  VVIiile 

A  Lippe  M  D 

James  L  Yoder 

Juo  II  Clement 

Jacob  Reed  Eacj 

Daniel  Hill 

Edward  T  Taylor 

Thos  D  Beatty 
V  Ilewson 
Jiio  Franklin  Esq 
E  Chichesier  M  1) 
Geo  W  Snyder 
Horace  Smith  Esq 
,     Howell  F.^-h^r 
y    l)r  G  G  l*,ilmcr 
■     rharles  M  I.nvvib 


Plice  of  Nativity. 

Berkri  CO' 

Ireland 

Mont^rornery  co 

B'-rks  county 

Philadelphia  couniy 

Schnylkdl  co 

Berks  CO 

Torts uirulh  N  H 

Mimi^romery  co 

Germany 

Dflav/art 

Prussia 

Be  rkn  CO 

GloiiL-ester  N  J 

Berks  CO 

Da 
Glinieester  N  J 
New  York  City 
Pliil  delphia 
Luzerne  co 
Faiilield  co  Conu 
Philadelphia 
Berk.^  co 

Gloucester  co  N  J 
Dfiaware  co 
Cheiiter  co 


'A15 


•vtitn!  iuv  ru-xuK  ci  iLt>  bi-ale  i«ouiii»f4,  wf  «f  IVw*'^ 


500                                J>L11SCK1BERS'    NAMES. 

'R&iidoneK — Pcttdvilio. 

Place  of  Nativity, 

John  ll(:dakl.-S 

I'lngland 

F  M  Wv'n!:.uop  Eililor 

IJiicks  CO 

\Vm  Neivell  jr 

Philadelphia 

Richd  J  Ow.n 

Wales 

Cecil  iiarryinan  M  ii 

England 

Wm  F(jx 

Maiden  Creek  Berks  cu 

Jacob  Epiin^ 

Lexington  Ky 

John  S  C   M.-.iiin 

Lancaster  t;o 

James  S  Bri.lsy 

Norlhtiniherland  co 

C;  W  F:..-qul;:ir  i:hq 

Willianis|iorl  Lycomi^..-^^  -.' 

George  11  liinrivlter   M  D 

Gernianv 

William   M«f/^,in 

Wales 

S:imuel  'i'liomi-'hoii 

Juniata  co 

Samuel  IJussi'll 

Norlliuinberland  co 

Hirain  Riag 

Lancaster  co 

John  Mc(y(»rn.:;  k 

Berks  CO 

John  \iadi 

Sunbury,  Northuniheiiiiui 

Nathan  Evans 

Lancaster  co 

Franklin  P  Myi  re 

Columbia  cci 

Iiafaytuu  J  H  ihiiun 

Berks  CO 

Fretlcri(  1>  (.J  Ejj'.iug 

JMiiladelphia 

Jos  Mufi^.m 

Sussex  CO  N  J 

lliram    Parker 

Worcester  co  Mass 

Geo  W  Hlaler 

Union  CO 

Micha;!  Coi^iuan  P  M 

Ireland 

Jos  M   FrLcii 

Dauphin  co 

John  («  llvov-.u 

German)' 

E  0  Ja-.-kaon  EditiK 

Columbia  co 

G  L  Vlitt 

Northampton  co 

J  P  Berirani  Edilof 

Berks  co 

Oliver  IKtbson 

Schuylkill  c» 

Amos  J']uterlini; 

Daupliin  CO 

Rev  Will  G  Meunig 

Lebanon  co 

Geo  (Icisltr  Esq 

Berks  CO 

Daniel  Krel>3 

Schuylkill  ci. 

B  W  Cunf.mio^-  Enq 

Philadilphiis 

R  M  Palmer  Ehq 

Mt  Holly  N  J 

J  Sjr.i',i'  McMickci.  iliq 

Williamsjtorl  Lyc(..    ii!^'  ^ 

SSilij-n-sn 

Hamburg  Berka  co 

Wm  Wolfii 

Do               du 

nfuscruiiKU' 


501 


Residence — I'oa.villt-. 

Samuel  llumziiii)'jL 
J  II  ZiefTciilus 
,lo.sepli  Bmvca 
John  J  Jone.i 
Iknjamiii  r3ouk 
]{ev  E  13  Evi.n- 
W  L  Hei.ler 
Win  Major 
'I'liomas   Fin;!.  [ 
Samuel  ll;>iln; 
Dan  S{:ili 
(Il-o  II   I'olts 
Alfred  Law  tin n 
Patrick  Daly 
Oharleb  Bercl-ilcy 
Thomas  Foster 
.liio  Clayton 
W  n  Marshall 
A  Meisse 
Wm  C  Leib 
Johann  K  Voelloa;:  al 
1"  1)  FcTosKu- 
Max  Dorlliiiger 
I'Vank.  Pott 
James   G  Cochran 
I)  E  Nice  Esq 
E  W  McCimiea 
Thos  S  Riilgvvay  y 
Joseph  George 
John  Treagea 
(ieorge  Mortimer 
M  .Slrouse 
Chas  W  element 
('has  Bushar 
('  ^  Fox 
W  li  Morgan 
Geo  F  Mars 
Charles  An  gee 
Peter  S  Mariz 
Charles  Leib 
«^.>  Ihlbc-rstali  'H  1) 


?l:.co  of  Nativity. 

Berk.:  CO 
Sch'iyikill  CO 

Do 
IJaiKJilo     Carmarthershire     S 
S  W;iles  [Wales 

Do 
Berks  CO 
Cliester  co 
t:;coiland  ./,,  ,• 


Dauphin  CO 

Moiiigomery  ca 

New  Jersey 

New  York  city 

Irekind 

'I'rr.y  N  Y 

ffof  kinghani  co  N  li 

(Columbia  co 

Pti:ladelphia 

lierks  CO 

Dauphin  (now   Lebanon)  co 

(J.rniuny 

Lihanou  CO 

Si  liuylkillco 
Inland 
Ik'iks  CO 
Moiugoniery  co 
IMiiladelphia  city 

Do 
CUu-nwall  co  Eng 
Schuylkill  co 
Germany 

Gcrmantown  Phila  co 
Soliiiylkill  CO 
I^crks  CO 
S  Wales 
Lancaster  co 
Bu -ks  CO 
Mihon  North'd  co 
Si  iiuylkill  CO 
Plidadelphia  city 


502  SLUi^/uIEEBs'    NAMES, 

Residence! — P-iKavillu,  Place  of  Nativity. 

\Vin  CortL'lyou  Morris  co  N  J 

\Vm  Mortimer  jr  Schuylkill  co  .  ■ 

J  as  G  Shoo;i!akef  Do  I 

Francis  J  I'luvir  Maiden  creek,  tp  Berka  cO'  j 

E  E  Blnmi  Berks  co  j 

Daniel  Scholieubeiger  Berks  co  i 

Win  Levvi.'i  !S  Wales  | 

Beiij  llaywuud  EiiijlanJ  | 

James  F  Harris  8  Wales  | 

Daniel  Kichanl  Do  j 

Lewis  Rce'j  Do  ^ 

M  B  Lutz  Reailing-  j 

Joseph  lleslop  England  | 

D  G  Yueiig'nng  Germany  j 

H  Slraiich  ^  Fotlaville  j 

John  Mcl\i. 'lien  Philadelphia 

S  S  Stevens  (Shij)|)e,ii',urg)CarlisU;  { 

Reese  Williauus  S  VV^ales  | 

Hugh  Huj,rlis  N  Wales 

John  Hopkina  S  Wales 

Evan  Pet.  r  N  Wales 

Edw  W  i\1;!dOu  Philadelphia 

Thomas   Williaiiiy  S  Wales 
David  Jenkms,  Do 

Nathan  Cleaver  Columbia  co 

John  Mariinni.i  Monogan  co  Ireland 

James   Foclil  Brunswick  forge  Sohuyihih  ■-:■■      \ 

B  F  Pomroy  Philadelphia  ,' 

Wni  II  Joluid  Pembrokeshire  S  Wales  I 

Thomas  Lloyd  S  Wales  i 

Thomas  Evans  (Chester  co  I 

James  McAloarndy  Ireland  | 

Geo  Lau.n-  (lermany 

Edw  N  Thomaf,  Dowlois  S  Wales  | 

John  GriiTith  Carnarvonshire  N  Wale.i; 

Stephen  Ji>ncs  Nnrlhampton  co  i 

Thi^nias  Thorn  New  Jersey  1 

P  McGovorn  ('a van  co  Ireland  i 

Tliomafj  Pelhofick  ('ornwall  Eng  1 

Henry   Davis  Glamorganshire  S  W  L  | 

:\  i\  \Vil.:;>n  Columbia  co  ! 


saiJiJcniKF.us    ivames. 


Residence — Pottaville. 

J  E  Keciiiiin 
William  U-rch 
(Miarles  Sliclk-y 
George  Hcidwati 
Peter  F  Miuley 
Win  Yod.aii 
lleorge  II'::itoti 
Win  litese 
i'Vaneis  MaljJUab 
Watkin  P-icliard-s 
<i'eor^('  ll\c\i 
Win  IMaclunan 
Imios  lUacknian 
t.ieorge  JS  Iloukey 
Wm  Mc.C:.)y 
Wm  Zi'lliier 
T  A  Simpson 
Tliomad  Montgomery 
William  McCabe 
Nathaniel  IJowen 
M'obias  'I'omlilt'soii 
James  Di.wiiey 
(Charles  Vliet 
John  Spolm 
John  E  Wyiikoop 
Jeremi.ili   llowcr 
Joseph  Sliippiii 
Isaac  Severn 
William   Carter 
fjtephcn  Rogers 
Joshua  Dodson 
Wm  II  11  Hiissel 
James  IkuiUiin 
P  E  Doiifiherly 
N  W  Ntunam 
Joseph  i)(  rr 
Stephen  Viauser 
Edward  liclir 
Wm  ;\lc-nonne!l 
Henry  Jr  r:l.ins 
'i}j\u\  !v  Kk'ck 


Pluci.  i.f  INalivity. 

Tiog;,  CO  N  Y 
Norlliamplon  co 
Pottsville 
Easu.n 

Philadelphia  city 
Schuylkill  CO 
Yoiksiiire,  Eng 
Glaiiiorganshiie  S  Wales 
Shropshire  Eng 
Brecknockshire  S  Wales 
\lk'-.i  Monmouthshire  S  Wakf. 
Wili^hire  Eng 

Do 
A^iiil  ddphia 
I.iiZ(  rue  cO 
Northampton  eo 
Bristol  Bucks  co 
lliiijii  CO 

Monohon  co  Ireland 
Oloticcstershire  Eng 
Soliuylkdl  CO 
J'Yiinana<i,li  Ireland 
Wiiiren  co  JN  J 
lieiks  CO 

Newton  Bucks  co 
liel.Miion  cc» 
Philadelphia 

Do 

Do 
Berks  CO 

Fort  Allen  Lehigh  co 
Chester  co 
Newark  N  J 
America 
Kent  CO  Md 
Berks  CO 

W  Penn  Schuylkill  co 
Reiaiing 
Ireland 
Oneida  co  N  Y 

U'.-f.'iSCO 


dOl 


;>ljJi-CKIBERS      NAMES. 


lieaidence — Potih'iile. 

Geo  W  Em 
Anlliony  Hcstoi: 
(vjipt  Isaac  P  Lykeiis 
William  Mill-ies 
Isaac  Baioia 
Daniel  Ilosi; 
Robert  Brown 
kiamoel  W  A  rin.) 
Andw  N  Siriium 
George  W  (looii 
i^inulf's  I,M-a 
Joseph  Ivil  jiii 
Wm  Ti^vlor 
li  Woii!.''l  clorli 
J  II  Leil 
John  L:uuisc;it 
W  OHnlaa 
Andw  Olii/haui 
l,evi  15  Fan- 
Martin  .Vlurphy 
Wiiliam  Kind 
\Vn»  U  :\f   i.u 
Daniel  yholenlfrf^'er 
John  T  Werner  Edi!t>r 
Jacob   IIci3t;r 
Edward  Yardloy 
Eli  !Sll.v,.ly 
John  Dt^vr 
Nicholas  Uahet 
Jesse  It  Clark 
James  E  MulUgau 
Henry  Lilley 
E  N  Estcrline 
Samuel  Siodd 
Thomai   Wren 
Charles  airhriShnw 
Jacob  Neyhait 
John  Ri-Mv.mi 
Charles  McAvey 
Peter  N.iyhavt 
lime-c  'I'rcuit 


Place  of  Nativity. 

Columbia  co 
Ireland 
Lancaster  co 
England 
Cornwall  Eng 
Readinj^ 
Scotland 
(Chester  co 
Columbia  co 
Jjebanon  co 
SchuylkJJt  CO 
Union  CO 
Dauphin  CO 
IJerneville  Ik'rkd  co- 
Lancaster  CO 
Berks  CO 
Chester  co 
Northumberland  cc* 
Berks  co 
Connecticut 
Northampton  co- 
Massachusetlb 
Berks  co 
Lel)anoii  co 
Schuylkill  co 
Bucks  co 

Potlsgrove  Montgomery  io 
Hamburg  Beiks  o 

Do  do 

Wilmington  Del 
Cincinnati  Ohio 
Berks  co 
E  as  ton 

Stallbrdshire  Enjf 
Glasgow     Clyde    iron      .vorka 
Nottingham  Eng        f^Scodand 
Union  co 
Berks  CO 
Baltimore  Md 
Union  co 
Berks  CO 


SUBSCKH)j;:H! 


505 


Reaidcnce — P&itsville 

Adam  Ei!er 
Capl  John  GilhucMi 
I'hilip  llollu 
Edward  M  Davis 
Aaron  Siinck 
Aaron  Polls 
William   NunemacSLCr 
Michael  Mes,?iier 
John  iMcliuirt 
Daniel  li  Ilemy 
Daniel  Christian 
John  Koneiiy 
Uichard  Winlack 
Isaac  Rich 
Joseph  Armstrong; 
Abraham  Camp 
Charles  Dimtnif^ 
Robert  H  Neligh 
James  W   Kesne 
Tobias  Hauscr 
Peter  Douty 
(Jeor<ic  Hay 
John  i{oherson 
Ueuben  Godshall 
George    IJrch 
Edw  Morisoii 
Stephen  Reos 
Eiios  Zenimyei 
John  Vaiiglitou 
Oliver  Snyder 
John  M'liomas 
John  Jones 
IJenjamin  Thomas 
Shadrach  Philips 
David  Griffith 
Cornelius  Ceai) 
David  Lam;mt 
Georg':-  I)il!')u 
Prothrow  Prothrow 
Joel  Moore 
Jcl,    HoMiei) 


Place  of  Nativity. 

SehMylkill  CO 

Dul.Hii  Ireland 

Woiiielsdorf  Berks  co 

MaiHiionliishire  S  Wales 

UniiHi  CO 

Burlington  co  N  J 

1'oti.sville 

CJrai/town  Dauphin  co 

Caven  co  Ireland 

Schuylkill  CO 

BerKs  CO 

Donegal  co  Ireland 

D(  iry  CO         do 

(Iloucestershire  Eng 

Wl:itc  Haven  Climb  co  Eng 

Nurthumberland  co 

Do 
Northampton  co 
Luzerne  co 

W  Penn  tp  Schuylkill  co 
Mdton  Norlh'd  co 
D'lmbartoubiure  Scotland 
C'lackinananshire     do 
Rush  tp  Schuylkill  co 
Somersetshire  England 
I,(Mcestershire  do 

(llMiiorganshire  S  Wales 
Lrwisburg  Union  co 
Longford  co  Ireland 
Nr.rthampton  co 
Cajimardienshire  S  Wale& 

Do  do 

iJKicknockshire  do 
Monmouthshire  do 
C;x'rmardienshire  do 
Cork  CO  Ireland 
Lrmdrickshire  Scotland 
Berks  CO 

(^ii^rniarlhcnshire  S  Walei- 
lichigh  CO 
Monmouthshire  S  Walea 


506 


aUBSCIUBERS'    NAMES. 


Resideiu;(' — Pultivillc. 

William  I  low  (11 
Charlt-j  Wcruian 
Nalliaii  Fislifci- 
WilUad.  rnrhaid 
K    M(l)()iiaM 
D.inirl  I'cnt^tLi'iJiachcr 
l<:tlwai..l  Skcrni 

Nalhan  Mnvlr 
Isaac  Tipm,, 
JutiM  ivIuM'.l. 
Kobcrl  ('a.siui'll 
Wni  Aril, man 

.luhll   JcHlCS 

JoluiTtMuiMi;. 
Antlionv  iVri.Kl::50,i 
William    W  ,ir,s 
I'^aii  Mollis 
(Ic'urgu  !{aruni(  pr  (  r.^ 
.Samiu^l  li  I'liigL'lnr.!! 
Salmii  I5nivvii 
William  15  I..  uJH 
William    U'.l.r 
1)  S  fS|ian;  M  I) 
Isaac  A  [IIliI^  y 
Hoiijamiii  CI  rit;li.  n 
Jacob  Cliririi:  n 
(ieoi-f^o  11  S.wliier 
^tobert  [{oluTis — ._ 
Isaac  Willian...^ 
Thomas   Mo^s 
Andrew  Jcniu 
John  liviiiL'' 
Wm  Jolu;^  Li'^show 
David    I'.vau,  " 
Josejdi   ('jilcy 
John  W   l.nit 

Jfdlll     Piilk.'.lOU 

Jorc'iiiiah  laud 
l)a(U(d  Iviii'.ip.d 
I  .Sheuic 


Place  of  Nativity. 

Monmouthshire  S  Wales 
IJi-rks  CO 
Yorkshire  Eiig 
Monmoiillishirc  S  Waled 
Delaware  co 
Scliiiylkill  CO 
Lancaster  co 
lUrks  CO 

Do 
Shiopshire  I'^iig 
rcmhrookeriliire  S  Wales 
Cilamorganslin(!  S  Wales 
.Somerselsliiie  Kwg 
(ilamorj,'ansliire  S  Wale.^ 
JNiordiumberlaiid  co 
Durham  co  Eng 
Cornwall  co  IJiig 
(^irmardiaiisliireS  Waley 
cry Yi.ik--hire  Kiig 
l.ehigh  CO 
I-uzcriie  CO 
lieiks  CO 

Do 
Mimigomery  co 
Norllianiplon  co  Mass 
Reading 
S.diuvlkill  CO 
Keatliiig 

(Ilamorgansliire  S  Wales 
Monmoulhshire  do 

Diirliam  co  Kiig 

Do         do 
(Cumberland  co  Eng 
( Jlamorganshire  8  Wales 

Do'  do 

Durham  co  Eiig 
Danville  Columbia  co 
York  CO  Eiig 
fScliuylkill  CO 
Hiveknockshire  S  Wal.  ., 
Roolnnghamco  N  11 


SUJ.!SCl!U«ti<s'    NAMES.  507 


Reaidenco— Pottavil 


Ji,.ce  of  INiilivity. 


John  I'ox  1^' fl^«  ^» 


James  Davis 


Wuif.ebter  co  Eng 


Alexauilcr   llauUius  barluu  Albany  N  ^ 

Orlando  Uufur  IumIu.uci- co  NY 

Sanu.rlinM.hur  (il.mce^ier  co  N  J 

Will.a.nLewH  li.orknock.lure  &  Wales 
Joliu  WiUia.us  1>^»        ,  .  ^.^ 

John  Janr-s  l.lan.organshirc  do 

Uicharil  Ki;kl,am  I  .nu-olnb!i.ie  Li.f? 

Hugh   M.iny  IJniluTglen  Scull. nul 

Dlj  IS-,,,  ,Si,,uuokm  Nonli'd  co 

Roberl'vViigl.t  WeMu-onkuul  co  Eog 

Michael    (Ic.^er  l'"-'ks  co 

George  MrElic.  A.n, ah  co  Ireland 

George  C  ilandy  Cornwall  co  Lng 

Elias  Seder  '*''''^^ '■'' 

Hiram  Focht  .Srbuylkdl  co 

George  IMer  NorduunhcMland  co 

Allen  llarmor  <'l"-^'^^'-  ^''   ,  ,,  ,       ,. 

WmHerninger  K.,nn..r  cr.M-k  Columbia  co 

AM   Mardouald  Colu.nb.aN   \ 

John  II  June.  MonigonuM-y  co 

Joseph  Allison  We,unorcland  Lng 

Minersville. 
Lemuel  I)  Jonei 

0  Siraub  Esq 

John  Siyerd 

Evan  IMce 

D    V  Jane-5  (Cli 

John  Ihiinplirey! 

George  Sei)encer 

Rev  A  A.  Andei; 

C  W  Taylor  E  = 

Joseph  Christ 

James  B   I'^iH^s 

George   IVami'. 

Michael  Wrav; 
Uichard  B-rryn 
Jos  F  TaybT 


S  Wales 

M.utbnmherlc:nd  co 

Warren  CO  IN  J 

?,  Wales 

ef  liurg> 

ss)  I'cii.hrokeshire  S  Wales 
l.Tiibigshire  N  Wales 

'S 

r 

Yorkshire  Eng 

on 

D.hiware 

Union  co 

4 

r',-bnylkill  co 

(!(duiiil>ia  CO 

A  us     'I'vvcy-Brneckea 

IVaiem 

r  {■  U 

^■innbnry  NoriliM  co 

I. in 

( ;:.niwall  CO  Eng 

New  Jersey 

bun  Esr 

M-wiigoinery  co 

•fall 


506 


SDliSCUmEUS       NAMES. 


Rfesideiice — Miue.-svilU . 

James  Fcx 
Franklin  Ri.dadti 
Jolui  'J"  (J   Kuiiisii.H 
Alex.iii(icr  SvAWey 
James  Ivobi-rtf-o:! 
Jacob  VVeniait 
Thoniiis  Green 
Stephen  Sqiure 
Philip  Jones 
Fvan  Evans 
'I'l.oaras  Cncsliiic; 
DaviJ  drilliihti 
Thomas  Davi-i 
AV.n  i)ellav(;n 
lioberi  WiUian.i- 
[high   Davi., 
Walter  Plnl'i'.-^ 
^Sa^Ulel  Wcmi  i 
John  !•;  I\)v.ell 
M  G  lleihun- 
Samuel  Gum  pert 
Ahrahanj   'Ir.ui. 
U  S  Gei.lei 
JohnP  Powell 
John  Rogers 
John  Davis 
Noah  (;rilh-hs 
J  as  Levan 
Jacob  Weist 
Rev  J  PUnris 
(Jeorge  J  l/.uvrenci; 
Joint  'Canner 
Vugusius  VVitman 
J)avul  (ieorgi; 
\V  Maiihews 
l''ranklin  S-MlzinijCi 
Esau   'MeKim 
Casper  Yiist 
Thomas  Williams 
Moses  WeiJ^er 
invid  Griffith 


Place  of  Nativity. 

Dauphin  co 

Hamburg  IJerks  co 

Hague  Hollanil 

Ayreshire  Scoiland 

Lanarkshire     do 

IJousevveiler  France 

Monmouthshire  S  Wales 

Germany 

Potypool  S  Wales 

Glamorganshire  S  Wales 

Shropshire  Eng 

Merlhyriulvil  S  Wales 

I5recknockslure      do 

Ik'rks  CO 

(Carnarvonshire   N    Wales 

IJrecknoekshire  S  Wales 

Munmouihshire  (k) 

MonigonKM-ysliire  N  Wale6 

Monmouihshire  S  Wales 

Berks  co 

Phila(leli)hia 

JNorlhumherland  co 

Philutlelphia 

Merlhyeiulvil  S  Wales 

Monmouthshire  do 

Myrtbelnlvil        do 

Moimiouthshire  do 

Berks  co 

(iermany 

Pend)rokeshire  S  Wales 

Norlhundierland  co 

Soutli  Wales 

Reading 

Glamorganshire  S  Wales 

Brecknoc'kshire  do 

Pottsville 

Lancaster  co 

Germany 

Blanarvon  Monmouthshir;;  8  U 

Berks  CO 

Aberhavcsl  Mont.shireNWalea 


JjUiiSCRiHEK^/    NAMES, 


50y 


Reaidence — M  uiersv  ili  •■•■ 
Jolm  Plall 

David  IJewcl}'!! 
Lewis  M  Joiica 
Joseph  11  fiiivliurds 
Amos  H  Lewis 
Andrew  Paiien 
Wm  Lailuii 
John  \Vei;*htaum 
David  L  VViili^iiai; 
Edwviid  P!  ,u 

Thomas  Piatt 
Reese  Davies 
Wm  Hi- ad  aw 
John  E  Price 
David  E  Davies 
John  E  Davies 
David  Price 
Thomas  A  Willi:iiiia 
Philip  Whalen 
John  llortou 
Jan»es  Wdliams 
George  H  lieach 
Charles  IJecknian 
Wm  J  Stnilh  M  D 
Daniel  Weavci 
John  S  Davis 
Wm  U  Thomas 
Wn\  Kamner 
Oscar  M  Rdbin.s 
Edward  Halstein 
Samuel  Ileilner 
Wm  Williams 
Wm  ileiulaon 
liUke  Mochait 
Evan  Goi",.rj 
Thop.ias  Williams 
Abiiih'^ni  Morg'in 
EliasBiitki^rt 
1;  li  ».  Morrisoa 


IMlco   of  Nativity. 

("aven   Mauer   liuabon    Darn- 

bighshire  N   Wales 
Giauiorganshire    S  Wales 
Moninoiithsliire  do 

CvMphilly  (Ilaniorg.  do 
IJerks  CO 

Nuiiluiniberland  co  Eng 

Do  do 

Do  do 

Argoed  Monnioiitlish  S  Wales 

Cuvcn   Mauer  Deaibigshirc  N 

Wales 

Do  do         do 

iireckiiockshire  8  Wales 
(llatiiorgaiisliire  do 

Munmoulhsliire  do 

Glamorganshire  do 

Do  do 

Do  do 

Brecknockshire  do 

Ireland 

Llaufyrnach     S  Wales 
IJrecknockshire      do 
StalFordshire  Eng 
Klanover  Gern)any 
England 

Nurlhiimberland  co 
(^armardien^hire  S  Wales 
Monmoulhshirc  do 

t^chuyikill  co 
Siinbury 
t/nion  co 

Sulzdorf  Germany 
Moninoulhshire  S  Wale& 
Durham  co  Eng 
Fermanagh  co  Ireland 
Carmarthenshire  !S  Walee 
(.lamorganshire  do 

r.<iityj)ool  Monmouthshire  d  ■ 
jfif-rks  cci 
I'tland 


510 


;ilIHKRS      NAMES. 


Residence — Mir.crsvjilo 

Geor^n!  E  l\\vtnar 
James  lingor:- 
Saimic-l   Kaun'mau 
Amos  IlarshhLTivcr 
Tlioinas  .1  M(.rirai\ 
Tlioin  IS  I)  J..>',wih- 
Aaroti  Biin 
David  Duvio 
llicbacd  Fr;i  I'iis 
Siiin-i;;!  i'\dix 
Levi  Dieiritli 
-Lewis  lioberi-1 
Henry  Jones 

Jolin  1)  Jones  (tailiU) 
Ed  waul  Kt>ar 
Lewis  W  PiL'vosJ 
William  Sliarp 
Ebenezor  Jones 
James  SpeuiMir 
Andrew  Kliiu- 
Chark-s  J.uUm, 
Willuim  K  Kline 
Herl)erl  'I'liomas  sr 
Herbert  'I'lhtuias  jr 
Henry  Joiut 
David  .K:ilV!.-s 
Pliili|.  \V,-inc.-.i 
Abratrain  E  Dc Haven 
David  KDa  vis 
Thomas  T  Jones 
Charles  Vaii^^nau 
William  L  Jones 
Thomas  Jones 
Daniel  R  Bii^rhl 
Jacob  'I'  'riiumni 
-J  L  Rol)ert3 
Alexander  Manning 
Fredori(d<  Zt^ndiali 
Levi  E  Tliomaa 
Willin-*  i.lovti 


Place   of  Nativity. 

Poilsmonlh  Eiig 

Leirim  co  Ireland 

Schnylkdl  eo 

Lebanon  eo 

Moinnonthshire  S  Wales 

E<i;lwj^fselian  do 

Milllin  eo 

Olumorganshire  S  Wales 

Cornwall  eo  Eng 

Seluiylkill  co 

Norlhunibeihmd  co 

Clanmrgansliire  S  Wales 

N  ('asde    Endya  Carman!  ..n 
thireS  Wales 

Lludlwyn<,r  Parish  S  Wale.- 

Dean  Forest  Gloucester  Eng 

Chester  co 

Norihnml)erland  co 

Nant)  jflow  Moninouthshir*. 

Yorkshire  Eng 

Columbia  eo 

Milion  Norlh'd  co 

llerks  CO 

Monmouthshire  S  Wales 
Do  do 

Do  do 

Glamorganshire         do 

liaiixweiler  F'rance 

Union  tp  Berks  eo 

Monmonlbshire  S  Wales 

Dowlais  Glam'g  sh  do 

Breeknoi  kshire  do 

Glamorganshire  do 

Tiiverpool  Eng 

IMilloii  Norlird  co 

W  irlenibt>rg  Europe 

Glamorganshire  !S  Wales 

l^aneaster  eo 

SrliuylkiU  CO 

(-'olund)ia  co 

Glamorganshire  S  Walec 


ai/bSCtilfUKKS"     NAMES, 


51 


Keaidence — Mineryvilic. 

William  Piicluu-a 
John  Tiaycif 
Owen   Il'jj!>f3 
Beiijam*!  1)  Ilvaiia 
James  llw-iiice 
John  liobiiis 
Thoiiras  (;  iManiiel 
Peter  Dlraini) 
John  'I'l.uinas  itetM 
Jolui  'I'lKinias 
Wm  Aiiiim  hc 
D  R  Henneli 
George  Hebe 
Henry  [{nmer 
Lewib  1'  (Jarner 

Taiuaqua 
Wm  Taa.inl 
Charles    W  Dannenhauer 
John  Edwards 
Benjaniin  lleilner 
GideDii  Wlu.istoae 
Valler   Mdler 
A  11  Duel 
Uobert  Harris 
Ceoige  Sherry 
Emanuel  l)(jrmit.ior 
Jacol)  Glace 
Ralph  Nam  of 
John  'I'lpiien 
Wm  I'lasuvuod 
Hugh  Tamany 
Evan  Jones 
Isaae  JNallrass 
Peter  Dodsofi 
A  L  Bouijimer 
Thomas  Mbyer 
John  Ffiai.  1 
Nicluilas   Iliiibh 
Stepl>ini  Harding 
Seliginaii  Mnri^anrath 
A-coi  lvi;;h;udi50a 


Pia.;.;    of  Nativity. 

Brcrknockshire  S  Wales 
Reading  lit;rks  CO 
Aiiglesea  IS  Wales 
Giaiiiorgaiis<liire  fS  Wales 
Cornwall  Eng 
Si>nierselshire  Eng 
(Jerawall  do 

Norwegian  tp  Schuylkill  co 
Glamorganshire  S  Wales 
Sdiiih  Wales 

Do 
riiiladelphia 
Wiriembiirg  Germany 
G. nnantown  Philada  co 
SchnylkUl  eo 

L>  coming  co 

Scioondorir  Wirtemburg 

Suulh  Wales 

Manelsdorll'by  Coburg 

S(  huylkill  CO 

JSvviizarland 

Dutchess  CO  N  Y 

England 

Sussex  CO  N  J 

Germany 

Lancaster  co 

England 

Do 

Do 
Ireland 
S  Wales 
Eugland 
laizerne  co 
Iliinlerdon  co  N  J 
Lehigh  co 
Germany 

Do 
Ilailord  Susquehanna  co 
IVlcKU  i.^doiH"  by  Coburg 
Middletuit  Durham  co  Eng 


512 


SUI.SCUIBEUS'    NAME9. 


Residence — 'l';una<|U!:. . 

Thomas  Vuiihuvu 
Richard  Joliiisuu 
John  Fill  in  it 
John   W.ilk^'r 
Robert  Uo!gp.h(V:iu 
John  Line 
Caleb  Fisliur 
Jacob  li"ll 

Rev  Aiigu.'-uii.  Ojtirgii 
James  Cuckliii 
Willia,n   IJartoa 
Daniel  Dra|jrr 
Richard  Jenkins 
William  Ili>;-,i.. 
Thonius  Tii^Lriri 
Robert  R;iu  hir 
Charles  Vaiifijiaa 
Thomas  Johnson  ^tu 
Richaril  Ciuier 
Thomas  Morj/an 
Richaril   Ili.bha 
Isaac  lliiilvl(  y 
Samnel  MH^ailc 
William   Doi.ahison 
John  K  tSniiili 
IJallzer  Keilman 
David  iM.'vc; 
John  Crtll 
Rev  'i'homas  Fosle; 
Thomas  Carriifan 
David  Hunt,  r  M  D 
David  W  Nixon 
Wdliam   Clark 
Rev  D  L  Palitirson 
Wdliani   Uic;hai.lbOii 
William  'riupauy 
Tlioni.ii  Ivioiti 
'I'hoinah  Wslliania 
J.:sHP.  Dod.-'.n 
Abraham  A  liner 
(.^imrlea  Walker 


Place   of  Nalivitj. 

IS  escopeck  Luzerne  co 

England 

Northampton  co 

England  ' 

Scotland 

Do 
Columbia  co 
Berks  CO 
Germany 
Irtdand 
IJerks  CO 
England 
South  Wales 
Lei  and 
Carbon  co 
England 
Do 
Do 
Cornwall  Eng 
South  Wales 

Do 
Franklm  co  Mass 
Columbia  co 
England 
Salem  N  J 
Germany 
Lehigh  CO 
Germany 
England 
Leland 

Northumberland  co 
Philadelphia 
England 
Lanoasier  co 
Eimland 
Ireland 
England 

Do 
Luzenrne  co 
Noribampion  >z<t 
Enjiland 


suBSCHiiii'.HS    ;NA^Il:.s. 


AM 


Residence~Tarii&'jij(i. 

John  IJiliier 
Thomas  Walker 
Tiioinas  Johnson  jr 
Edward   Lowdier 
WiUiam  Taylor 
Thomas  IJooili  jr 
Patrick  l\lcN.:Li.s 
Daniel  Mit.'oniclgue 
John  McQiaU 
James  Siuiiluin 
Oeorge  Welsh 
Lazarus  liice 
Philip  Acker' 
Wniiam  (iwdyn 
Daniel  D.uiul:! 
John  Suuali 
Gideon  I'riice 
Peter  Marks 
John  EUinifhain 
Jacob  Alherlson 
Nicholas  Ikltz 
Andrew  Kiv,utr 
lienjaniiu  Davis 
Roger  Delay 
Lawrence  Ruch 
David  M  hs 
David  Love 
Robert  Love 
Archibald  McDou 
James  lilair 
Wm  J   Davis 
Jonathan  Ivershncr 
James  Moore 
Abraham  Hoiighner 
Nalhanicl  Edgar 
Robert  ('arler 
Peter  'I1iij»in 
James  'I  i miilia 
Rowliid  Jones 
John  llcodricks 
Js:iu:;M  .lines 

G2 


gul 


Flaco   of  Nativity.         (■ 

Goruiany         ■ .         .t 
Enjiland         '  '/ 

Durham  co  l^ngland 
(AUi.berland  co  do 
Wdislure  do     ,• 

IL;ai;on  do 

Ireland 

Do  '^-  • 

Do  -      .  ^ 

Cornwall  Eng  . 

Noniiamplon  co  , 

(Jcru.aiiy  ■  ■  '  ' 

Mo.uguniery  co 

Soiith   Wales  ■ 
Do 

i''inl)acli  France 

Barks  CO 

Furliich  France 

Enj^land 

New  Jersey 

(jcrni.iiiy 

l.o  '        ■■     '    ■ 

Soiah  Wales 

Leiand  •  '     ,' 

Lehigh  CO       _ 

Scluiylkill  co' 

Scotland       '■ '      '   ' 
Do 
Do 

1>()\\  n  CO  L-eland 

Mcrthvtidvil  S  Wales 

Schnyikill  (o 

Nu'scoperk  ]>uzerne  co 

ydiuylkdl  CO 

(vuiuniliia  CO 

Cornwall  co  Eng 

Kai,il»  Wales 
Do 

lU'ifiluoinery  co 

l*nil  ulclphia  CO 

Soudi  Wales 


,    i 


514 


SOlvSCliiBKRs'   NAMES, 


ReBidenoe— Ttt.ni  tqiid . 

Heiuy  9  Krpiter 
John   Vail  V;.lkinl>..rs 
Froderilk  Kepuer 

Poil.  Carbon. 
Abrahiuu  IVitt 
LF  Wlniiuiv 
O  W  Uiouu  M  D 
Clraries  lit'lu-.ef 
HiifiliKiMsU^y 
John  C  lievvis  K.-<q 
Nich(*la.f  ])<:ruii!,t,(n 
Lewis  Heiliiei  Csq 
G  W    VViiUcr.ir.ea 
Levi  M  iit'Oii 
H  Giiiterui  .11 
James  Kearny 
Abraliuin  Van  Dyko 
JonalliautSc'iiiilir 
John  ('lossuu 
Jesse  'i'liriur 
T  n  Willie  s.'f.n 
Jacob   Wt'inz 
Jaiued  tSimili 
John  E.Milj 
Francis  Ricliaidson 
John  Davie,  (lailur) 
Michael  Epl.ii.-.i^ 
Howell  J('iilu'.i3 
Ross  null 
James  Cauihy 
Patrick  1)  HinieU 
James  Lout; 
Alexander  Cn.vern 
Jamet;  Molir 
Josejjh  HmmiicI 
Edward  Colahan  E^q- 
Charles  CulliMji' 
MaUhou'  Eu'liiiidsoti 
P  D  l.uihin' 

'Wm  i)  Sh.ifii.lot- 


Flace  of  Nativity. 

Hchiiylkill  co 

CJncaiito  Olsego  co  N  If 

iSchuylkill  CO 

Berks  co 
Piiiladelphia 
Siuilniry  Nort'd  co 
tSciaiylkdl  co 
Wcxl'ord  CO  Ireland 
Ih'tks  CO 
Cieruiany 
Saxony 
l'oliiiul)ia  CO 
Didaware  co 
Mi;melsde)rir  Germany 
Loulli  CD  Ireland 
Albany  N  Y 

Mo)eisl(nvn  Lebanon  co 
iMilleraburg  Daupiiin  co 
Newca^-lie  co  Del 
GoUunbia  co 
Dauphin  CO 
L-elaiid 
LuziMiie  CO 
Cuuiberland  co  Eng 
iSoulh  Wales 
(-oluii.bia  CO 
Moniuoiithbhire  S  Wales 
lUaks  CO 
Wchiiylkill  CO 
Ireland 

Kunlrewshire  Scotland, 
Ayrshire  do 

Berks  CO 
J^(hii\lkill  CO 
Gal  way  CO  Ireland 
Londiui  Eng 
Do  do 

Lancaster  co 
SchnylkiU  co 
Sunbiuy  Nordi'd  co 


SttHSCRlBERS'    NAMES. 


515 


RemdenM — Port  Caibon. 

Joseph  Fox 

Chailes  Holdeii 

James  Baleliler 

A  Boiioii 

Frederick  Meriz 

Thornas  Mulien 

Matihew  Siiiiih 

Samuel  Seitzi-iger 

Charles  Raber 

Wm  B  Hull 

John  Curry 

Wui  B  Jeuninga 

Miss  Hannah  Robinson 

Michael  Connor 

Jacob  S  Gordon 

Stephen  Ilalley 

Charles  Lee 

Rev  John  A  Reiley 

David  Jones 

Jesse  Jones 

Charles  Bogart 

John  Lynn 

John  Adams 

Isaac  Grav 

H  Allen 

Philip  Steinbach  jr 

Silas  Shepherd  Rungaa 

Andrew  Jackson  Rmigaa 

George  Goodman 

James  Niles 

Daniel  Ix)okingbill 

Wm  Giidroy  (Engineer) 

Thomas  Brilton 

John  Barger 

Philip  II  Dougherty 

William  Stephenson 

Hiram  Lex  on 

David  Levvia 

Henry  Lumsden 

Tiiomas  Oraliriir, 

Hcur)-  ii  y-i 


Place   c[  Nattvilj.  -  '  •> 

Daupliia  co  '  •  "^^ 

Berks  co  •  ■    ''       '■     c 

Coiunibia  co  '  '       • 

New  Jersey  '  i  ■   • 

■New  Berlin  Union  co      " 
Ireland  •  .  .,    ,■ 

Beiks  CO  Ml 

Now  Rochelle  NY  !t, 

Balleyeasile  Ireland 

Do  do 

Engkirid  ,    ,•• 

Cheatff  CO 
Kingj  CO  Ireland 
Berk3  -o 

Pl.ilaJclphia  ..,  „     , 

Ccluir.bia  co  ."  ,•    ^  .  ^ 

Berks  CO 

Glamorganshire  S  Wales 
Cilamoi-gaiishire  S  VVale* 
Norlh'.iinberland  co 
l-N".iccnitrsliiro  England. 
Worcestershire      do        ,  .■.. 
Norlulkshire  do 

Chester  co 

Berks  CO  ■  .    .' 

Coluiiibia  CO  =  ,. 

Da 
Holland 

Iv3nc:ii-;ter  co  .     .  i 

Sciiuylkill  CO 

New-Castle  uponTyne  Eoff 
Nr.ihaiipool  Scotland  * 

Noru'i'gian  tp  Schuylkill  co 
Philiulelphia  co 
Yorkstiire  England 
IisnoaslcrHhire  do 
Port  Carbon  SchuylkiU  to 
Fifeiihire  Scotland  , 

Meath  oo  Ireland 
Cumbt-rianJ  co 


^1§ 


f,P^;SCUlB)ERS     NiVMJBSf 


Rcbidcnce — Fori  Clarjjgn. 

Thomas  Farley 
James  Wlietler 
Levi  Ililbert 
Richard  Richards 

Orwigshuig. 
Jeremiah  Rtcd  (Shcriifi 
(,'harlfts  Fiaily  (Trolho! 
J  n  Uowniiiif  [\h'ir&.  I 
Col  John  l*unii\!i 

Jolm  P  Il.'lv.r'.  IJ-q 
J  W  Rosebery  Fs(i 
James  H  CnelV  II m; 
Andrew  J  Bum,  M  \t 
Frtiil'k  l\liil'l(Shi)'/n!:.l 
Jose[)h  W  Hiid         do 
G  IJ  ZaUik 
-N   Wetzel  ('ruha.M.-uiv. 
Jacob  AUcbach 
Henry  Krebs 
lleiu-y  (noiuunil!  -r 
Clrarles  W  ilni.ri    1',S4 
James  M  Rilaiul 
lion  I'^dvvanl  UlLible; 
Jacob   Dfibci-t 
Geort^e  I)  1,01  ;•..',-* 
John  A.  Svbwalm 
Mark  Deib-rt 
Cliristian  Bi  rgnr  ilsq 
Philii)  VVeiber  Fsq 
Bernard  Ycager 
l6Uat>l)eFrehn 
John  C  Rahn 
Georgfe   fi  Boyer 
Jacob  Maui'.tws 
Ilen.y  llesb^er 
Samiuil  LeiHer 
Gcorye  LeiHcr 
John  T  Sci.litkerjmo) 
Gen  John  M  Briolrel 


Pl^cc   of  Nfttiyity. 

Mealli  CO  Ireland 
Carven  co     do 
Schuylkill  CO 
Ikoricley  Kng 

Pottsville  Schnvlkil!  co 
:)       ReadinfT 
^■l:)  Glicstcr  CO 
Do 
Montgomery  co 
I'ollritinvn  do 
Oiwigsbiirg  Schuylkill  1 

\)o  do 

Reading 
,.r')    Orwigaburg 
Schuylkill  co 
Baltimore  Md 
;        Berks  co 
Do 
Scluiylkill  CO 
Union  CO  •'   .    <i 

Reading 
Montgomery  cu 
{{eading 
Schuylkill  co 
l'hiladel()hia 
Schuylkill  CO 
Do 
Do 
Berks  CO 
Schuylkill  CO 
Do      . 
Do 
Do 

Do  1 

Do 
Lancaster  co 

Do  .    . 

or       Germany 
Reading 


■5unicu- 

ir.KU:)    N  iAiKs: 

517 

Residence— Union  Towutliij. 

Pki..'    uf  Nativity.        '-     •• 

.1    Jrl<l«,  k 

•riioiiias  liiller  Esq 

Berks  CO 

:.  '.* 

.      .;  ^V: 

^3amuel  8nyiler 

Sohuyii<iIl  CO 

'          M'J   ' 

f..:...i7 

Samuel  ii  I\lillf.'r 

Do 

i    ^^.;.U■ 

Israel  1)  FryliL-u 

Do 

ii-,;,    :l..',i.     V 

H 

.Tolm  Uupeit 

i)u 

>  .  ^^' 

Andrew  8uiuft\;r 

Do 

.,     .uil 

;  •  !  L>^ 

Daniel  L  Slauifer 

Do 

,    i 

'i'.>'t. 

Isaac  Dewaltl 

Lycoming  co 

<    ■.'( 

r  !,.Mi<i>'^  • 

Waters  S  Chillscn 

Essex  N  J 

.!  <.a^ 

.loliu  IJreisfli 

]}erks  .-o 

.  ,<i,   .1    i 

■  i::h 

Jacob  '/iiniiiCiiiiaii  E^q 

Do 

; 

t   V>  )\ 

Mark  Biller 

Do 

J."    .  ■  * 

.;  '* 

James  Uiller 

Dg 

1 

Music  Hall. 

Iticliard  Manuel 

Ournwall  CO  England    , 

.',i'i 

Janied  Eredenuick 

Do 

tlo       ,. 

,  .  1 

Mark  Tlionias 

D',^ 

do    ,('  . 

■       •  I 

'J'lionias  lUackney 

D,j 

do     : 

f'llisha  Manuel 

D(* 

do    ..  .\ 

I    .■       ::.    . 

'I'uscuroru. 

,:.'.■     -i 

.;■  'i->i 

Janies  I'almer 

I'liialalld 

■;   ■"'■/'^ 

Samuel  Mitcliel       ' 

Pndatlelphia 

CO 

!(;    .; 

(ieo  It  J)icy 

l.ohigU  CO 

Edward  Dreher 

SJniylkill  CO 

Jonathan  [)rey 

Ilerks  CO 

.  •   .'  '  .•} 

(Miarles  Horn 

IlLUUridoa  CO 

N  J     ,'    ■ 

Jonas  Uicliard 

Uerks  co 

, ' ' '  ' 

Henry  Bezzenber{/er 

('ennuny 

:            .!-<■■   ' 

Jacob'H  Lulz  1*  M 

SduiylkiU  CO 

f''    ■■' 

Patlertioii. 

.....  .-J  . 

(4  11. .'•..{. 

V  McMahon 

irelaiid 

.■.r,:..i 

Thomas  (Jihson  • 

*  Ckestur  CO. 

.  ;  i  v/  ■ . 

Itobert  Jacobs 

England 

.  ;;   :.'<;'> 

John  Colhoni 

Ixyconiing  co 

!  ,    . 

Patrick  l'\ri.'iuau 

Ireland 

.j 

James  lM.i.ai-en 

(Glasgow  Scotland 

Atatthew  (5  Ccunel 

Kilkeiwiy  Ireland 

John  *'.  'ftily 

8iioo  CO         do     '    ,  ,,, 

r.hri.'.'t>  ;4utr  Goveti 

Ireland 

m 


SUhcCJUaZUS      NAMES, 


Saoidance — Pelbisow. 

Dudloy  Gnnt 
David  C  Mills  M  D 
Daniel  Ma'ierfvirt 

New   PliibdeirlJd.. 
Charles  Smiih 
Nathan  Brirlotv 
Geo  P  L:irJer 
Conraii  Boh 
Goo  Rcciiion 
Edward  Huluuv 
R  G  Bland 
Patrick  Oweas 

Millport. 
Isaac  Maria 
John  Williams 
Thomas  Meredilk 
James  Mcr.ellan 
Joseph  Balliet 
Ludwig  Ik'iismgci 
Jacob  Keinmel 
Reuben  Dfiilior 
William  Shaman 
John  Mariz 
Asa  Balliet 
James  Toben 
Daniel  Edwards 
John  BartieU 
William  Raper 
Charles  Clevebtid 
Edward  BiriningV.'-iu 

Lick  Run 
John  Kelly 
Henry  D.ivies 
Jonathan  Wiiiingluv.n 
William  [vIcKcan 
John  Uicn 

Silver  Craek  ar.i  Vr.lK' 
Thomas  Ilacket 
Wm  Richards  (D!-jcUsii, 
Patrick  Whalen 


X'lacfl   of  Nativjlj, 

Ireland 

Philadelphia  city 
Schuylkill  co 

Ireland 

Montgomery  co 
Norlhampton  co 
Montgomery  co 
Lanarkshire  Scotland 
Iliuneville  Bucks  co 
Ml  Airy  Berks  co 
Riiscommon  Ireland 

New  Berlin  Union  co 
Monmouthshire  S  Walec 
Brecknockshire  do 

Scotland 
Lehigh  CO 
Schuylkill  co 
Lancaster  co 
Schuylkill  co 
Columbia  co 
Union  CO 
Lehigh  CO 
Kilkenny   Ireland 
Glamorganshire  S  Wakt^ 
Mauch  Chunk 
Shropshire  Eng 
Massachusetts 
Cavea  co  Iieland 

Kilkenny  co  Ireland 

Brecknockshire  S  Wale-.; 

Yorkshire  Eng 

Donegal  co  Ireland 

Cornwall  co  Eng 
f  Furnace. 

England 
iih)  Carnarvonshire  N  W.i,.* 

Kilkenny  co  Ireland 


iiWBacnnjKna"  names. 


l'M9 


Residence — S.Creek  &.V. Fun; 

Edward  O'Urien 
George  Fritz 
John  Hutchi;,oii 
John  Jani(J3 
Mark  Dowiu^y 
ttobert  Pelrick 
Michael  Qui'jn 
'Rees  Joiiea 
Alexander 
LientJolin  McN.-Jr 

llublcyville, 
Charles  Beiuielt 
Benjamin  'I'ilua 
Samuel  Keller 
John  La  wry 
[lugh  Carlia 
James  Gillaspa 
Thomas  Harratt 
John  Roe 
Joseph  IJeacihim 
Kvan  Williams 

Bollinont. 
David  Oliver' 
Charles  Long 
Wm  Clark 
James  Weir 

Wm  Williams  (Brksmiih 
Robert  Sterling  liiown 
Richard  Mison 
Henry  King 
Thomas  Colahan 
John  R  Jones 
James  I/jrd 
Patrick  Candy 
Wm  Henderson 
Wm  W.^slwuod 

Rubh  Towni.hip. 
James  Blew 
A  Bon^lmer  Esq 
Si.as.Kl  Kinjj 


acc.Iiac.    of  Nativity.  ...  y  ;vt.  , 

K(  lk(  nny  co  Ireland 
Fr  mce 

Lanarkshire  Scotland 
Biorknoek^ihire  S  Walea 
Kerry  co  Ireland 
R.inlordshire  Scotland 
Aiiiajfh  CO  Ireland 
Breoknockshiie  S  Wales    '' 
Ranirewshire  Scotland 
Ruiiisey  Ible  of  Man  , 

Ncir  Bellefonte  Centre  co 
E.isiitn 
111  rka  CO 
Kilrienny  co  Ireland 

Donegal  co  Ireland  ,        

Philadelphia  co  i     . 

Lancastershire  England 
Monigomerysliiie  N  Wales 
Soiiierset  co  Eiig 
Mtuunoutlibhire  S  Wales 

Morris   co  N  J 
Lc'ingh  CO 
England 

Renfrewshire  Scotland 
)    (yannarihenbhire  S  Wales 
Ayrshire  Scotland 
Ca.iiliganshire  S  Wales      ' 
Sugar  Loaf  Luzerne  co 
Gal  way  co  Ireland 
Brecknockbhire  S  Wale8>  ;., 
Si'luiylkill  CO 
Ri(.'(ommon  CO  Ireland 
Fifeshire   Scotland  ,; 

Laniukshire     do 

S^iiiersetco  N  J 
lIiHitanlon  co  N  J 
Net^^oo[)cck  Luzerne  co 


520 


iUUSCUiBERS'     NAlvt^'t,*: 


R*6idenc-e— fl  u.sii  Tc wnsliip, 

John  Kanp 
Henry  Drcsii 
Jacob  Faust 

"West  Tonn. 
Jacob  L()nL,^icr2  Fy.,q 
Jacob  Merer 
Honry  Boacliain 
Mount  Ci.rhon. 
L  Roiherinel 
Wm   W  ]iri..nt 
John  Palloii' 
(Jeorge  Grim 

Yuung'a  I.iir.Jiht;. 

George  WiKlo 

James  IlowRr 

John  Ijra(hlbi,rg 
Eagle  Hill.     - 

Daniel  llichanls 

Morgan  Tiiomas  ■ 

Joy  Crean 

Aaron  Persai, 

David  Lewis 

Daniel  Williams 

Patrick  Reddiiigtan 

Thomas   Ilumiije 

I'^-ederick   li'Uler 

Benjamin  Wheistone 
David   Ricliards 
Tlionias  Maclial 

Windy  Haiboj'. 
Wm  Gass 
Samuel  Johnson 
Enoch  Evar.s 

Beliasi. 
Edward  Seddoi: 
Wm  Hilton 
Isaac  P  Diiulap 

Beat  Kidtji 
•-VVu  Haokcr 


Place  of  Na'tivity.      '■ 

Schnvlkill  co 

bo       ;       .  ■ 

Do  '■■ 

i 

Montgomery  co 
Noriliampton  co 
Nomersetshire  Eng 

Northumberland  co 
Herks  co 
Seolland 
Montgomery  co  , 

Yorkshire  Eng 
Lancastershire  England 
Do  do 

Monmouthshire  S  Wales 
Glamorganshire         do 
Slad'ordbhire  Eng 
Nalcm  i/uzerne  co 
(ilamorgaiishire  S  Wales 
Merthyrlidvil        do 
lioscommon  Ireland 
Nordnnnberlund  co  EngLid 
Yorkshire  do 

W  Penn  Ip  Schuylkill  co 
Hreckiiockshire  S  Walea 
Do  do 

Yorkshire  Eng  •   / 

IM.iladclphia 
Staflordshire  Enor' 

],:lncaster&hire  Eng 

Do  do 

Hindis  CO 

Wilkshire  Eng 


SUBSCHIIIEKS 


AlvtES. 


521 


Residence — Bear  ICidgf^. 

Win  Evans 
John  Morcran 
Lafayette  (Jralinii 
Thomas  MaicJilh 
Griffiths  Edwards 
Simpson  VVomer 
Wm  Zimmerman 
Henry  Lloyd 


Piacf  of  Nativity.  ' '  '''  *' 

Brii.id  F^ngland  ' ,  ',, 
Momiioiillishire  S  Wales  ■, 
Mt)ni(,^omery  co  \ 

GhuiiorganJhire  S  Wales  ^ 
Brecknockshire  do  ,- 

Berks  co  '        ,  -  '^.■ 

Lancaster  co  '      '  '   " 

Schuylkill  co  • 


David  L  Ri.i'.ards 

Glainorganshire   S 

Wales      •; 

John  Davib 

Muiiiiioiithbhire 

do            . 

Win  Harlzo^' 

Sclir;ylkill  co 

John  Thomas 

Carniardieni-hireS  Walea 

Thomas  John 

Brecknockshire 

do 

I'alrick  McGovern 

C;ulow  CO  Ireland 

Samuel  W  Graham 

Moiit}/oniery  co 

James  Bury 

Ciieshire  England 

John  Boyer 

Schuylkill  CO 

,   I-; 

David  Powell 

Brecknockshire  S  Wales 

St.  Clear. 

Bartin  Evans 

llucks  CO 

■     ,     i^ 

Daniel  R  Slohig 

Sfiu.ylkill  CO 

'  i              ■    '    i 

Geo  W  Stokes 

Cidiunliia  co 

;   .    .    ^•/w,^  ( 

Joshua  VViHiams 

S  Wales 

=     ,  •,  ..     » 

Humphrey   Lewis 

N   \v'alc3 

-  ■      * 

John  J  Thomas 

S  Wales 

i    ,:.,cA 

John  B  Cruzier 

Pliiiadelphia  city 

,,.1 , 

Michael  Jyoa 

Lclaad 

• 

John  Mitchell 

Lancaster  co 

-» 

John  llealherington 

Eiiirlaiid 

.-..■i 

Jonathan  lleatheriagton 

Duriiam  co  Eng 

; 

Joseph  Foster 

Clie-shire         do 

Jacoh   Metz 

Columbia  co 

'{ 

Benj  French 

Lycoming  co 

> 

Daniel  Fack 

Northampton  co 

, 

David  Price 

Cjrjuarthcnshire  S  Wales 

David  Jones 

Do 

da 

AV  II  Lawrence 

CnliMnhia  co 

John  Mason 

Snutii  Wales 

Daniel  Harlman 

Colli nibia  co 

David  Mc'.vz 

1'^" 

Jamt;s  Spittle 

Wticcslershire  Eng 

Ii92 


KUBSCKICERS      NAMES. 


Rfisidence — St.  Clear. 

Wm  Cha.indy 
John  lIoiljT.^on 
DaviJ  Rii/keu 
Ellis  Kwken 
Henry  Gxviii 
Wm  Nnylor 
Philip  Lewis 
Thomas  UcenQ 
Roborl  Hniilies 
Daniel  Sh' after 
Mich;ii:l  Lniig 
Jeremiah  WikKi 
Aaron  Hower 
Joel  M(!iz 
Joseplj  E  Davia 

Mill  Creek. 

Samuel  Ciipewell 
Thomas  Manglien 
Robert  Willi 
C  Goimly 
Pliilip  l*rt  I'll 
John  Moon; 
Josepli  Aiki;iM)n 
John  Saiiti^c;  jr 
Richard  II ill 
Geo  \V  VV.iwgoner 
Ilenry  lIolliii;ui 
Hugli  McAlli.^lcr 

New  Castle. 
Ephraini  Plhlips 
John  MeHan-.n 
Peter  K  Sciizinger 
Henry  Rhouls 
Abraham  Ciiii[) 
Wm  Liul,!luilc3 
Geo  Riifsnyiljr  C.:q 
Levi  Reler 
'i'honias  Ymiag 
Georj{n  .\lleii 
^V>n  DickH)Sua 


Place  of  Nativity. 

Oxford  England 
North  England 
N  Wales  , 

Do 
Columbia  CO 
England 

Do 
(ilamorganshire  S  Wales 
(/u;rmarihensliirc       do 
liiuks  CO 
Bairen  Gtrmany 
Yorkshire  Eng 
Columbia  co 

Do 
Cacrmarlhcnshire  S  Walct 


Staflordshire   England 
Norlhumberlanil  co 
Kilkenny  cu  Lcland 
Londonderry     do 
Weckford  do 

Durham  lO  Eng 
Do  do 

Dnion  tp  liUZtrneco 
ytallordshire  Eng 
Monigomery  co 
Kilkenny  co  Leland 
Juniata  co 

Norlhumberland  co 
Fermanagh  co  Ireland 
Berks  CO 
Columbia  co 
Northumberland  co 
Shropshire  Eng 
IMonlgomery  co 
Schuylkill  CO 

New  (Jaslle  upon  Tyne  Enj^ 

Notlinidiambhire  '.'lo 

Do  d.> 


SUBSCKI8ER; 


22$ 


R«flidetM»-— Nev;  Cai'Ue. 

John  Roacoe 
Peter  Dickenson 

Adams'  Colliciy. 
Jaraoa  Adams 
B  Morris 
Henry  Lloyd 
John  Kupp 

Centrcvilln. 
Tlionias  C  Condoi 
Robert  Wlule 

WaJesville. 
John  Morgan  jr 
Rees  David 
Daniel  Dillman 
Jas  Fiizsimnions  Esq 
Jefferson  Unibehawber 
John  B  McCord 
Rees  Rees 
Thomas  Jones 
Thomas  Owens 
\Vm  Dabenparl 
John  Byrne 
Henry  Olsey 
David  Davis 
Joseph  Denning 
George  Altin 
Dennis  Fielding 
Wm  CrisswcU 

Floweryfield. 

Samuel  Clifl" 
John  Daniel 
Thomas  Young 

East  Delaware  Mines. 
Thomas  Ferry 
John  C  Leibig 
Edvk'ard  Moiriscn 
John  Rtes 
Peter  McDonald 
Wni  Lyons 
Edav. :/ui  Pounder 


PlacB   of  Nativity. 

NLLiinghamshire  England 

Da  do  •> 

i  , 

Antrim  eo  Ireland  j 

'I'yrone  (;o     do  . .    j- 

Lh.nhillctliS  Wales  ,,' 

tJunaany  ,.,  .:,,,, 

Lo;,(lon  Eng  ■  ■■  < 

Beth  File  CO  Scodand 

Poly  pool  S  Wales 
Gi.iinorgansbire     do 
Sdiuylkill  CO 
Selinsgrove  Union  co 
Lelianon  co 

Schuylkillco  '   '^ 

Glain(jrg:inshire  S  Walog 
Caiiiii^aiibhirc  (\o 

Br>  iknockribire  do 

.Si.'ll'ordsliiro  Eng   •  •        • 

Wirklow  CO  Ireland  ' 
Siis.sex  CO  N  J  ■■  1  •■      '■ 

Cajrmarthenshire  S  Wale* 
Soiiiersctsliire  Eng  '• 

D'jibybhire         do  = 

Lii.';aslershire    do  ■  '    ■    ; 

SlaHbrdsliire      da  •    ■-  '■'• 

I    :', .  ; ' 

Ciicsbire  England 
Cornwall  co  Eng 
Yufkshire  Eng  ' 

Dill  ham  CO  Eng 

B-Jiki-  CO 

Lam  as^iershire  Eng 

Gl  iiiiorganshire  S  Wales 

MiC:  trh  in  CO  Ireland 

Sc.jiiVlkill  .;o 

Yoikfchii-e  Eng 


531 


UIBERS*    tiJisHts'. 


Residar.cc— E.  Dolbwan;  Mi' 
John  Peahil;;lc 
Daniel  Rothenncl 
John  Andrey  Kirkley 
Jacob  John 
Philip  Mjnhr.iat 
Scott  Steel 
»  James  Geniiiiu- 
James  McLaughlin 
iVnlhony  Durkin 
Clu-isti;m  Zeiher 
l*atrick  Sweny 
Thomas  Ferry  ji 
Joseph  Collim 
Henry  James  jr 
'i'homas  Morgan 
Wm  Symmona 
Henjaniin  Smith 
John  ilosking 

North  American  ]\liues. 

Daniel  Evans 
Thomaa  Jones 
Daniel  Rees 
'J'liomas  Junes  jr 
Wm  Howell 
Miss  Marg:ue(  Lewii 
Renna  Jones 
John  Marlni 
William  March 
Lemnel  Osborn  Laty 
John  Mann 

Hay wood'b  Colliii) , 

Nicholas  Wel-li 
George  McNeille 
John   IlKJley 
William  Harris 
JR?.lph  Shaw 
George  M lines 
Michael  Mangen 
'ri'.onias  G  May 


.   Place  of  Nativit/.  "  •      ■ 

Yorkshire  England' 

Nurthnmberland  co 

New  Castle  Upon  TynfrEng 

Columbia  co 
France 

Glasgow  Scotland 
•  Kilkenny  co  Iieland- 
Gal  way  co  do 

Mayo  CO  do 

Trear  co  Prussia 
Mayo  CO  Ireland 
Durham  co  Eng 
Kilkenny  co  Ireland 
Cornwall  co  Eng 
Monmonlhshire  S  Wales 
Cornvvall  co  ]\ng 
Monmouthshire  S  Wales 
Gludgen  Cornwall  co  Eng 


Carmarthenshire  S  Wales 
Do  do 

Do  do 

Do  do 

Monmouthshire         do 
Do  do 

Union  co  S  Carolina 

Glamorganshire  S  Wales 

Fermanagh  co  Ireland 

Columbia  co 

Alanchester  Eng 


liongford  CO  Ireland' 
Scotland 
England 
South  Wales 
England 
Do 
Ireland 
Cornwall  Eng 


Sy|-SCRTBEK6'    NAMK3. 


Residence— Laudingville. 

JMiCv;  of  Nativity. 

F  Landerbiaa  (Wiiaiupoa 

Piiiiadelphia  city 

Patrick  McAtce 

J>oii';rord  co  1 

reland 

James  Brady 

('a van  co 

do 

Jolui  Sheridan 

Do 

do 

John  Gayiior 

Do 

do 

James  Gay  nor 

Do 

fio    ,    . 

Charles  JVIosser 

SclMylkiU  CO 

John  HaldeiT.an  E.'Kj 

1(0 

■'  ' 

Alfred  Kolb 

Do 

,    .  ' ' 

I'^ranklii!  J  S'igfiied 

Do 

' 

Paul  Du  y 

ik^'ksco 

8amiiel  Meriz  (Mtr(,hanl) 

\)o 

Henry  Maurer 

Do 

Schuylkill  Haven. 

Rev  (Jeorge  C   Drakt 

VVilkesbarre 

J  G  Kojhler  M  D 

Pliiladelphia 

A  W  Leyhiirn  E.sr^ 

Caillble 

■...■;     :     ' 

Michael  Beard 

Bilks  CO 

George  KaiilVnan  Lstj 

Do 

John  Marlin  Es(j 

Ji.'incaster  co 

Koberl  Junes 

Mnrimuuthshire  S   Walei) 

J  'I'heui.liihis   Itif,';^ 

Bi;iks  CO 

Samuel  11  Sliannoii  iVI  h 

Montgomery 

CO                       ; 

Nathan  PaL<grovo 

Burks  CO 

W  J  Haas 

S'-uiluiry 

George  Heisler 

SrhuylkiU  CO 

i 

William  J  Dohbinr* 

I.cbigh  00 

James  B  Levan 

K'ltziovvn  Berks  co 

Daniel  D  re  her 

S.:llliylkill  CO 

,    |- 

William  Weaver 

BlM'ks   CO 

William  C  Guldin 

Do 

William  Kramer 

S.;huylkill  CO 

John  Jones 

Do 

lievvis  G  Wunde." 

(I'ermantown 

Philada  co 

Henry  S  S|)<itweU 

Philaddpbia 

John  H  Gueitbr 

]>:,,slc  Su'ilzar 

and 

Philij.  Boy  HI 

Sciaivlkill  CO 

Clhailti  (Jooinf;: 

bo 

Heiuy  ifiU'friiian 

Do 

Daniel  1  avenlicrg 

Do 

I.  ■•  b  Fuilerton 

CiiL'sier  CO 

526 


:CtinjERS     NAMES, 


Residence — Sclujyildll  iL.ve 

James  E  Murray 
n  II  Sfjam- 
Edward  II  Whedci 
FlavL'l  JJoaii 
WUHain  Rcljer 
JonallMU  ileisler 
George  Dillniiin 
F  VV  Sny.icr 
Nalliati  fS  II:ifdcn«tjiiii 
Robert  Bans 
Ch-.ivic,^  Clirist 

DD  Lewis  (Wa((;rlool'J; 
Llewellyn. 

Thomas  Williuiia 
Jaiiies  liowe 
Edniiind  lUAi 
Henry  lirebiur 
Amos  Kiejrel 
Frederick  Loiigaback 
Win  Heel. 
Jacob  flime  jr 
Saiimcl  Kerd 
Jo:ie[)h  Cockili 
John  K(H:h 
Robert  John 
Thomas  15  Ai/hol  Esq 
Walk  in  llcynoii 
James  Andrews 
Jon  Thomas 
David  Thomas 
John  RoJf^ers 
Thomas   Davis 
James  Walker 
Damon  Schroj) 
Francis  Speneec 
Jacob  Schcnnan 

Janies  Lovij; 
Abrahaiti  Ijiuen 
John  Evatie 
.-.  Uraii  Fo?d 


J.      Place  of  NaliviJy. 

Chester  CO 
S.-huylkdl  CO 
Phib.'d.  Iphia 
Noi  hiimberland  co 
Sell  uy  Ik  ill  CO 

i)o 

Do 
Do 

Montgomery  co 
Ramsey  England  ' 

R.a<liir<r 
ii.s)nticks  CO 

Pembrokeshire  S    Wale* 

Do  do 

Lancasiershire  Eng 
Pini  grove  ip  Schuylkill  c& 
Lykeiis  tp  Dauphin  co 
C/ov»;ntry  tp  Chester  co 
Wavno  tp  Seimylkill  co 

■  Do  do 

Pinegrove  tp      do 
Philadelphia  county 
Maiilieim  t|i  Schuylkill  oo 
Pembrokeshire  S  Wales 
IJerks  CO 

(ilamo  ganshire  S  Wales 
Monmouihshire         do 
(^jiMi  irih  ;ii,-iliirj  do 

Do  do 

Monmouthshire         do 

Do  do 

Kilkenny  Ireland 
Wayne  tp  S'diuylkill  CO 
Yorkshire  Eng 
Bi^rks  now  Schuylkill  co 

Glasgow  Scotland 
MonnuMithshire  S  Walea 

Do  do 

UloucesttTshire  Eog 


fTJlj3CI*il'J-^K.»      NAMES. 


527 


Roeidence — Cosicrv  il!  tv 

Mrs  Emma  Brilten 
Abraham  Ay  res 
John  Luzariis 
Solomon  George 
Lewis  lewis 
Mrs  Elizal)e;U  Ikiitfiu 
Joscpli  Swa.ibon 
GrilVnli  Williams 
David  Joins 

William  Meling 
MorderM  j'o^vfli 

Forrealville  auJ  lha..ch  l 
Salalhiel  Harris 

Onviii  M(('nlly 

David  (iluver 

David  C^)Hvvay 

Wm  U   riiomas 

Goodman  Dolbau 

John  Davis 

Edward  Prossar 

Thomas  Hrowu 

TilOinad  Eva  lid 

Robert  l*iirsU)W 

John  Jones 

Win  Tliumas 
Francis  SaiiUey 

Hugh   Mc('U)slicy 

Samuel   (irecii 
John  Dallon 

West-W.-st. 
Rev  Daniel  Kees 
Morgan  Williams 
Wm   David 
Howel  Jaitpeys 
John  Price 
David  Wel.her 
Joseph  Evaii-i 
Robert  liuiVnan. 
John  Mason 
Joseph  Watia 
Cha:'-  ;  Uol'man 


Pluv   of  Nativily. 
Glouc-estershire  England 
Devonshire  Eng 

Do  do 

Norlhampton  co 
Monmouthshire  S  Walea 
Peyta  do 

(yi.i.dterland  co  Eng 
iJre^kuockshire  !S  Wales 
Glum.irgunshire  do 

Ireland 

Moumoiuhshirc  S  Wales 
own  .I'lp. 
0(:[awall  CO  Eng 
Ay  re.shire  Scodand 
Do  do 

Do  do 

Moimiouthshire  S  Wales 
Dembighshire  N    Wales 
Glamorganshire  S  Wales 
Biccknoekshire      do 
Shmpshire  England 
Do  do 

Do  do 

Glamorganshire  S  Wales 
Monmoulhshire  do 
Shropshire  Eng 
Tyrone  co  Ireland 
Siairordshire  Eng     « 
Wi  si  Meath  CO  Ireland 

Glamorganshire   S  Wales 
Do  do 

Menmoulhshire         do 

Glamorganshire  do 

Do  do 

Do  do 

Eedfordshire  Eng 

IJerkrt  CO 

Glmn  eslershire  Eng 

Dnrliam  co  do 

Ucrhs  CO 


i^2S  sunbcuiuEus'  names. 

RL'Hidcncc-~VVf-it-Ui;Kt.  Pliux  of  Nativity. 

John  Gi'.IiIp  Scliiiylkill  co 

Thomas  George;  MoMiiioiitlishire  S  W^le; 

WilliaiTi  Wliiiehrad  Lancastershire  Eng 

Peler  Francl,  L(.'hioh  co 

Johnl^avis  8lul!oi-dshire  Eng 

George  Slull  Ceiiuany 

John  Tonkin  (Cornwall  Eng 

Lawrence  Clunl'.vick  Lancaster  co  Eng 

John  May  Oornwall  Eng 

Thomas;  Keiiiiy  (lalway  co  Ireland 

Hugh   Miirry  Ilothergon  Scotland 

Peter  Murry  Antrim  co  Irehind 

Evan  Evans  Olajnorgaiisliire  S  Wale»; 

Wni  Joney  CVarinarlhenshire  S  Walt': 

TliOuias  Divis  (Jlamorganshirc          do 

James  IJiy  kU  (llouccbtershire  I'^ng 

Timothy  Cojilou  Mayo  co  Ireland 

Samuel  liiish  ( Jloucesitershirc  I'!ng 

Henjamin  \.u^  Lancasier  co           do 

Olhniel  (ieiger  Ik-rks  co 

Wm  nullM'aa  Do 

Solomon  llisa  Shamokin  Norlh'd  co 

Jacob  Hriii  Ml  Scluiylkill  co 

Solomon  Ah  Kiiu".  y  IJerks  co 
West  Wood, 

John  Specie  jr  Yorkshire  Eng 

Thomas  Junes  Glamorganshire  S  Wale.: 

Wnv  Price  Brecknockshire           do 

Samuel  Giliingli.wr.  Pliilaclel[)hia  co 

Wm  Thomas  (■armarlheiisliire  8  Wak- 

Mrs  Catharine  Pugh  Shropshire  I'^ng 

John  Oagcii  Gornwall       do 

Mrs  Sarah  Wilde  Yorkshire     do 
Miss  Sarali  llu.dy  Wilke      Delaware  co 

Joseph  VViui  Yorkshire  lOng 

Richard  li.>^uh  Gloucester  co  Eng 

Wm  (-.ahou  Cornwall  co  Eng 

Nicliol  IS  Tlioinuri  Do          i\o 

James  Parr  Lancaslershire  do 

ClKirh'S  Surrick  Berks  co 

Jonathan  VViasley  Cornwall  Eng 


?UBS€R3!BEU3'    IsAMES. 


529 


RfiSidence —  Wesc-Wooa. 

Sanuiel  G  Dobbin 
Samuel  Siiiuns 
George  lh;atu.'ld 
John  Cerbey 
John  Parry 
Llewelyn  Evans 
Richard  Dennis 
John  Philips 
Philip  Detrich 

McKtntnsliiirg. 

Jacob  F  Fieichler  M  D 
Lewis  Dreher 
DewaUl  H  PolT 
Joshua  IJoyer 
Uenneville  Medler 

Norwegian  Tawni-liip. 

Elias  Reed  (Engineev) 
Samuel  Foulds 
Abraham  Horn 
David  [Jrown 
William    Headle 
Jacob  (r  ivrieger 
Michael  Gaghan 
John  L  Beadle 
Edmund  Kichardson 
Edward  Pugh 
John  Dixon 
William  llooler 
George  Sidgwick 
Evan  F  Lloyd 
Patrick  F  McAndrcwrf 
Samuel  Zimmerman 
John  Reed 
Stephen  Parnes 
Thomas  Lewis  (Engine 
Ghas  Reed 
I'homas  Rees 
Daniel  Morgan  (Eagir.c 
Mark  Hadley 
Johi'  Winnlh.C/i'ise 

m 


Place  of  Nativity. 

Burlit.glon  co  N  J 
Denbiglishire  Eng 
Do  do 

Scluiylkill  CO 
Brecknockshire  S  Wales 
Glamorganshire  do 

Gor.v.vall  co  Eng 
Do  do 

Schiivlkill  co 


]}ll',  KS  CO 

ychuylkill  co 
Berks  CO 
«( U'lylkill  CO 
Do 


Seh.iylkill  co 

Denbighshire  Eng 

Berks  CO 

Norihiimberland  co  Eng 

Dm  bam  co  Eng 

Norduind>erland  co 

Kinjjs  CO  Leland 

Durham  co  Eng 

Pbiladelphia  co 

Gloucestershire  Eng 

Lancaslershire        do 
Do  do 

Diuliam  CO  do 

Pemlnokeshire  S  AVales 

Mayo  CO  Ireland 

Lancaster  co 

Sch'.iylkill  co 

rinladelphia 
or)  Monmouthshire  S  Wales 
Schuylkill  CO 

Pernbiokeshire  S  Wales 
:er)  Mcnmouthslure         do 
BviMol  Eng 
SiaflurdsJiire  Eng 


530 


Sini.SCUIBEUs'    NAMES. 


No  I 


Kcsidiiucc 

j)avid  Puw 
''.\iylor 


Wm 

tStephei/O'H; 
Wm  Davi. 

Isaac  Wiilii'.ni;^ 
Echviird  llopkirz-i 
I^Jvvard  Llewellyi 
'i'Iiom;i.s  ,]e;:kins 
J'lnianuel  Korbert 
William  Watkiiirf 
Samuel  Tiley 
Joseph  Batem;  n 

Kolliiii,'  fJ*'lieiy 
'I'hornas  Wiyr.iii 
Tlioinas  Yijuiif/ 
(ieortfe  Hvaii^ 

West  Ihal 

A  A  Clailsou 
Alfied  D.'i'oreM  |; 
Oharles  \V  II  ill 
Henry  liocluig 
Oeui^e   Diii^^lci 
Kev  Cieoi:>  ;  .ii;i;i.; 
Henj  Kaiitu.  i 
(^diailes  1{  DtFon 
Geo  Payiiu 
Benj  M"  Low  IS 
Gcoige  I\i;-!l.lo 
Willis  Hill 

City  ufl'Lil,..,.! 
Z  Prall  M  D 
A  Sternberot-r  ^i  1 
Samuel  Laird  Esq 
W  W  Cnusler 
Wm  A  Ba!tH-3 
Thomas  Mhvvis  E; 
Charles  Millor  Eet 
Wallr-ir  Patterson 
Edw  J  Clause 
S  L  ILighe-j 
N   Lazariis 
T  N  Buck  Esq 


V  .11 


Place  of  Nativity. 

Brecknockshire    S  Wales, 
Somersetshire  Eng 
L'cland 
Clamorganshire  S  Wales 


J)o 
Do 

Monmouthshire 

Do 

i)q 
Radnorshire 
Somersetco  Eni>laiid 
Do  do 

England 

Do 
Columbia  eo 

Philadelphia 
New  York 

Do 
France 
Schuylkill  co 
Philadeli-hia 
Berks  CO 
New  York 
Ireland 
Berks  eo 
SrhuyikiU  CO 
New  York  City 

Ntu-  Jersey 

Lehigh  co 
Glasgow  Scotland 
Philadelphia  city 
'J'yrone  Ireland 
Bucks  eo 
Philadelphia  co 

Do 
Philadelphia 
Bucks  CO 
Philadelphia 
Bridgetoa  N 


■UJiiCiiT  fi.EU-;-    NAMES. 


531 


Resilience — W.  Brunsuiil;  T(; 

Gabriel  Benlio 
Abraham  Mo)'er 
JSamuel  Blackburn 
Charles  Kramer 
fiernard  Tiaiiaon 
Samuel  B  Mccller 
James  Piico  Esq 
Daniel  Dreher 

East  Braiii-wick  'i  ov.!r:ii;f, 
Jonathari  Yost 
Charles  Dreher 
Wm  B  Kershner 
Jolin  Seltzer 
Simon  Morberger 
John  Raiish 
(Jharles  Foeht 
S  B  Merkcl 
('hrisiian  Koch  jr 
Israel  Stamer 
Ijernartl  Koch 
Jonas  Bach 
Charles  Ivoch 
I'eler  Sterner 
Jacob  G   Stewart 
Peter  Jones 
Wm  II  Hill 
William  Back 
(ieo  Foclit 

Port  ('liuton. 
Jacob  Casper 
(ieorge  Wiggan 
Gabriel  Melz 
John  Philipson 
Reuben  R  Binder 
Iliram  Itoyer 
Wm  Moyer 
George  Hond 
John  K  Siegfried 
Martin  Ilutninei 
Geo   lleebiiir 
Jon-,,    i^  iMeglVieil 


Fiuce   of  Nativity. 

Berks  CO 

Do 
Donegal  Ireland 
Srliuylkill  CO 
Cf<ven  CO  Ireland 
Sciuiylkill  CO 
Philadelphia 
Seliuylkill  co 

Ivlijiitgomery  co 
S.lmylkill  co 

Do 
I'crks  co 
S.  huylkill  co 

Do 

Do 
Berks  CO 
Schuylkill  co 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 
Berks  CO 
(^)acord  N   H 
lierks  CO 
Do 
Do 
Sciiuylkill  CO 

Geimany 
England 
Schuylkill  CO 
Durham  co  Eng 
Montgomery  co 
Berks  CO 

Do 
Waiwickshire  En^ 
flerks  CO 
Soluiylkill  CO 
Ch.citcr  CO 
S;.'juiylkill  CO 


532 


StJltSCillBiiRS'    NAMES. 


Rc6idiM;ce— Port  Clit, 


Place    of  Nativity. 


KeubtMi  iSundti  Northampton  co 

Wni  Piovin:i  Tyrone  co  Ireland 

Janiej  EUiolt  Donegal  co     do 

Geo  W  R'jif5n\Hl-  i-  Schuylkill  co 

Peter  Mallc-ion  Berks  co 
Wm  Acker  |)o 

Thomas  Acker  r.eiiigh  co 

J  IMcOoidy  (Reading;  Herks  county 

Milti.n  Nice  (llamhurn)  Lehigh  co 
J  WeiilmanfSkof-ni'r.svilli;)  Berks  co 

Schujii.i'i  r<A^:- 

John  Seiiull  i'liq  Oley  (p  Berks  co 

Peter  Wawi  f)i, 

Michael    Kr.nniah  Do 

John  (Jib^aii  Maryland 

David  Major  Chester  co 

Lcwirftowi. 
Sleplien  Ringer  Esq  liefiigh  co 

Frederick  Dn.'her     (IIou8e)Schiiylkill  co 
J  Seil/inger    (Bruui    Mount  Do 

J  Feller    (.Sm.mi1i,.i  iai>.  c..)Borktico 
John  i''lick  (Mauch  (Jhunk)Norlhanipton  co 

Manliui.fi  T  Avanii[). 
John  Benilieisel  Schuylkill  co 

J,evi  ArnnKl  Luzerne  co 

Julin   Mauicr  Tk-rks  co 

Daniel  Bartolet  Do 

John  iStrauc-h  Do 

George  Kushner  SrhiiylkiU  co 

Wm  Minnich  J'ottsville  do 

L  Bevel  (Waterloo  lockri)     Elsez  I'Vance 
Chas  Dengl'T  (  do     Iloiul)  Montgomery  co 
Benjamin  Ili'lliirt  iiuckland  tp  Berks  ctv 

John  Doatiich  Reading  Berks  co 

Sannud  Si.'iiih  Coventry  Chester  co 

AVni  llf. finer  (Lev/ispori)     Schuylkill  co 
John  Duncan  (Lancastci),    Lancaster  Ohio 
Win  Stf  j/henson  ("i?any  tj))  Durham  co  Eng 
A  V'  "VVHsou         1^     do       )  Coliindda  co 
G  1. .jwi',  (f?hi;;l-.'^lii.;iiy  V-.)  Teuipletoa  Pemh'k  ^L 


SUllSCKf.l,:GK;5      NAMES. 


533 


KesiJence — MaiiJi:-i)ii  "i\.. 

\)  Schellliaiuiner  (Luz  coj 
James  Kester       (     do     j 

Pine  GrovQ. 
William  SpiMiglcr 
Vincent  L  Conrad 
John  Stiimpfler  Esq 
David  LomisoM 
William  II  RoiaocLl 
Jacob  March 
James  Oiuuird- 
Geo  W  liaiu 
David  Greenawall 
John  Kitzmiller  1'  M 
Jacob  Huber 
I'eler  Filbert 
Samuel  Unss  Esq 
Henry  Wile 
John  A  Ik'chtle  Esq 
William  P  Kendall 
^Villiam  Bower 
John  Snyder 
William   Forrey 
liCvi  Miller 
Daniel  G  Kutz 
John  F  Derby 
(ieorge  Lauigan 
(ieorge  Scliurtel 
K  Kobiason  M  D 
Jacob  Christ  M  D 
Benjamin  Sadder  V  D  I\.( 
John  E  Fertig- 
Lewis  Lalir 
John  Werntz 
Henry  Werntz 
liCwis  Keeser 
William  Gorgas 
Frederick  Krccker  V  D  IVi 
llenr}'  Shaniz 
Raymond  Oiigst 
JoyojdrH  Weaver 
KeubL'M  H  Stees 


Plu.e  of  Nativity. 

T'olumbia  co 
l.uzenrne  co 

Ruading Berks  co 
Piiiegrove  Schuylkill  co 
I.angansalza  Germany  , 
CoKimbia  co 
lif'Lianon  co 
Ch ester  co 
JJfirks  CO 

Do 
Lt  !ianon  co 
Franklin  CO 
I.tLanun  co 
Berks  CO 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 
Sv'iLiylkillco 
W.tmelsdorf  Berks  co 
La.ncaster  co 
\Vayne  tp  Schuylkill  co 
AlDany  co  N  Y 
Philadelphia  city 
Pinegrove  tp  Schuylkill  co 
Lane  aster  co 
Reading 
Baltimore  Md 
Wayne  tp  Schuylkill  co 

Do  do 

Jian caster  co 

Do 
Burks  CO 
Lancaster  co 
Philadelphia 
Lobanon  Lebanon  co 
Piiibgrove  Schuylkill  co 
la.'ljanon  co 
MidJleburg  Union  co 


53^ 


SUHSCiailERS      NAMES. 


ReeiJence — Pine  CiiLVL. 

John  llooli 
Jose[ih  IToni 
(Jeorge  Troslel 
Juhn  Guydar 

Mount  Pi^ro  t''ii'-!un:e. 

James  Betz 

"Wni  ]<u3rfel 
Isa.ac  Triou 
Wm  Posey 
AVni  Maybmy 

Swatara  Furnai:.," 
George  Betz 
Solomon  A  Philip- 
Philip  Uniijtrgei 
George  llennaii 
J  li  Ikower 
Win  B  Waliou 
Jacob  Focht 
John  Kline 
Daniel  No-lo 

Troiuuiit. 
John  Bonwiiz 
Mahlon  M*>Laanl!l.,id 
Samuel  Hippie 
VVm  Fouai 

DonaMsoii, 
Henry  Loniison 
James  M  Ch.rk 
Joseph  BodenstiiK; 

Lorbcrr)  Miiie.j, 
Boric  Meek 

Win  NclliJiV/.Jud 
iVlorgan  Lewid 
^Vm  Wigham 
Timothy  Murphy 
Joseph  I'o'vell 
Samuel  Warrou 
Edwavti  Ne?.l 
Miclicel  Di'.fTy 


Place  of  Nativity, 

Lebanon  co 
Berks  co 
Lebanon  co 
Chester  co 

Berks  co 
Chester  co 

Newmanstown  licbanon 
New  Jersey 
Montgomery  co 

Newmanstown  Berks  c& 
Lancaster  co 
Dauphin  co 
Luzerne  co 
Berks  co 

Do 

Do 
Spickern  Eranee 
York  CO 

Woinelsdorf  Berks  co 
Danville  Columbia  co 
liandi&burg  Perry  co 
Montgotnery  co 

Columbia  co 
Ontario  co  N  Y 
Halifax  Dauphin  co 

Chester  co 

iV^omgoinery  co 
Mirtield  England 
Monmouthshire  S  Wale;: 
Northumberland  co  J'ln^ 
Cork  CO  Ireland 
Radnorshire  8  Wales 
Northampton  co  Eug 
Lancaster  co 
New  York  city 


SUtoSCRHiEUt 


535 


Reriiilenft! — Lorbcn-y  hliiic:.-. 

Jacob  Wcintz 
Henry  James 
Jacob  Bickelman 
Oriilin  Slack 

Wayi.e  T(j\\n::hip 

John  llLunini:! 
J  L  Rilan>l 

Thomas  Acka 
Jacob  N  Fcnig 
Henry  l^aiii.'lj 
Jacob  F  Faust 
Jacob  Men  nig  Esq 
iieoTgii  V  Shall 
Daniel  Fritz 
Joseph  15erger 
Nathan  Levy 
Isaac  Dengler 
Daniel  F  lierger 
Wm  l'  Berger 
WmWagm-r(W  liiunsw 

HccksluiviUc, 
SamI  Keech 
Timothy  Ilollahan 
John  O'Uryen 
John  Dalryiiiple 
.\ndre\v  Foulds 
Patrick  IJreiuiaa 
Hugh  Doolay 
Thomas  W'riglit 
John  Abling 
Jacob  Kohler 
Tliomas  -Morgan 
John  Scou 
Duncan  Weir 
Martin  Hoyle 

WLu\c.'--to'An. 
Elias  lii\g\YJ 
DaviJ   Evans 
tJrari'.i.  'Jeorge 
John  G'i/Hih 


Place  of  Nativity. 

Lancaster  co 
Coinwall  CO  England 
Saarbrack  co  Prussia 
Derbyshire  England 

Schuylkill  co 

Near  rSorristown  Montgom  co 
Manheim  tp  Schuylkill  co 
AV.ivne  tp         do 
ll.iUco 

Ik^ich  tp  Schuylkill  co 
I-au caster  co 
Scliiiylkill  CO 
Pif^egrove  tp  Schuylkill  co 
i\I;u\heim  do 

Not'hwhitehall  Lehigh  co 
N  Hanover  tp  Montgom  co 
iVIaiiheim  tp  Schuylkill  co 
Do  do 

'l.)lU:kaco 

Lancaster  co 
Cork  CO  Ireland 
Queens  co    do 
r.u;ipsie  CO  Scotland 
Uenl'rewshire     do 
Kihcenny  co  Ireland 
Qiu'ens  CO  do 

Kilkenny  co      do 
Oicy  l[)  Berks  co 

Do         do 
iMoiimoulhshire  S  Wales 
Noilhumberh:nd  co  F'ng 
Muiikirk  Ayrshire  Scotland 
Newport  R  1 

Al'jimiouthire  S  Wales 
Ql:.raorgansliire  S  Wales 
Carmarthenshire       do 
IMoaraoulhshire         do 


SUaSLKHiERS      NAMES, 


Reeidonco — VVeavcrsiowii. 

James  Atkinson 

John  Conu'uy 

Jiirnes  Liglufoot  (Oilo  tr 

I.uwelloi;. 

Win  Pugli 
Win  Parlriilgo 
Wni  Robsoii 
Eihv  Roljson 
Joshua  Sini|)kins 
L(dah  8  Brock 
Wm  Kobins 
West  Wood. 

John  Ferrill 
Jolin  Nicholas 
Richard  Trezibe 
John  Heachain 
Stephen  Canall 
Mackeybburg. 

'rhonias  Cow  aii 
(^liarlus  Wcsiicr 
Coal  Casl!, . 

Michael  Sandojr 
Michael  Sando  si 

Pottsvill,:. 

Jolin  II  Rohrer 

F  li  Nichols 

Miss  Hannah  Mavia  Kelly 

Isaac  T  Iludtleu 

Jabez  Sparkj 

John  Smith 

Isaac  C  Iloppin 

John  Joiiii'-on 

Joseph  Allison  jr 

Jo^ieph  T  Davis 

Daniel  lIoUcii 

Pottsviile  I.ibiary 


Place  of  Nativity. 

Durham  co  England 
Ayrshire  Scotland 
ictjStaHbrdshue  Potteries  En; 

Rrickonshire  England 


Shropshii-e 

do 

Shetlleld 

du 

Yorkshir-e 

do 

New  Jersey 

(Jrangc  co  N 

Y 

Northumberland   co 

Cornwall  co  1 

'higland 

Do 

do 

Do 

do 

Somersetshire 

do 

Galway  co  Ire 

land 

Sterlingshire  Scotland 
New  Jersey 

Devonshire  Eng 
C/ornwall  co  doj 


Mobile  Alabama 
Potlstown  Montgomery  cj 
Womelsdorr  Perks  co 
Essex  CO  N  J 

Glamorganshire  South  W.iL 
liarmly  Lancnsiershire  Eui,' 
Uenduck  tp  ('olumbia  co 
Fileshire  Scotland 
Durham  co  Eng 
(!armarllienshire  S  \Valeb 
Hamburg  Perks  co 
I'oundeil  about  12  yeart  .u.c 


SUBSCKlB'oKi'     NAMK3.  537 


CARBON   COUNTY. 

Ketiidence — Mduch  Chi:iik.  i-lure   of  Nativity. 

Jolin  Flick  Nuihamplon  co 

8ilas  Soloman  Ilacketstown  N  Y 

Stephen  L  Connoi:  Duches  co  N  Y 

'I'hoaias  li  Cullin  I.i\ui[)oul  Eng 

Jesse  Blair  AVilksharre 

liobert  II  liayre  Ct  liinibia  co 

Major  J  II  BisliOj)  Jvisiuu 

E  A  DoLiula.is  EhgiiK'cr  If.Mi^alaer  co  N  Y 

A  Lockliarl  I.iizenie  co 

Jolm  Wallou  Carbon  co 

Ceo  \V  Dodson  Teacher  luzuriieco 

J  T  Dodsoii  Esq  C'nrhon  co 

l?ev  W  Bishop  "W^jrcet^ter  co  Mtl 

0  II  Wlieeler  Esq  (iJway  N  V 

1,  1)  Kuovvlcs  (; Jlumbia  co 

AViu  II  Hutk;r  E^^l  IMmiigdnHny  co  Md 

J  li  Leiwers  Teaciicr  St  Johns  W  Indies 

John  JNlears  Pbihidelphia 

Win  II  Fisher  Cokunbia  co 

Samuel  B  IJutchi.~tu  j\oi  ihainpton  co 

Jonathan  Fincher  C'Diiunbia  co 

Ceorge  Weiss  Fuzeme  co 

A  L  Foster  Hampshire  co  Mass 

Cornelius  Conner  Caiskill  N  Y 

John  Fatzinger  Esq  Allentown  Northampton  co 

Hon  Asa  Packer  N  Loudon  co  Ct 

Conrad  Miller  Noriliainpton  co 

Geo  W  Masser  M  D  ymibm-y  Northumberland  co 

Asa  li  Vannfirniaii  Mi  Belliel  Northani|>ion  co 

Justus  (rould  Liu'ii-ne  co 

Jno  I)  Tboinp^OM  iM  D  iMi  adham  Morris  co  N  J 

Koberl  Mailer  Fsq  Culuinbiu  co 

Simon  Billing  Montgomery  co 

AVilliain  WdUd.r.s  Coluud)ia  co 

IIu-L:.i  ^\'olf  Cavhun  co 


538 


SCBSCI'tliiERS     NAMES. 


RcBidence — M  uicli.  Chunk. 

John  P  OHLTiuaii 
Alexander  Steadinau 
James  McC.ill 
Lewis  Slieniagle 
Moses  Farray 
Mark  lleatli 
liichanl  Blay 
W  W  «niit,h 
John  lieihge 
Wm   Muio 

Jacob  S  Wallace  I':;J4 
William  BiKlcr 
Anemon  Ivlotz 
Joscj)h  liijiln 
Nicholas  BalliLl 
'I'homas  Sliec-ker 
Benjamin  llamiltoii 
Peter  Conner 
N  M  CrooviT 
James  McKeen  jr  INii 
Capl  Aluahani    II an'.-.. 
Jacob  Slraubi 
Israel  IJeahni 
Maj  Koberl  Kl'jtz 
Wm  De  Frclin 
Hiram  Woliiiigcr 
Wm   n  Jones 
Joseph  Collins 
James  Lyon 
Joseph  Porter 
Wm  Moore 
James  Moore 
Samuel  llymlinan 
Michael  Kelly 
Elias  Crenior 
Lewis  Beer 
Ira  Coruiirhi 
Thomas  M  iJralce  M  1) 
Philip  Maul: 
Ahrahtun  Andn-o 
•   •toriie  Kiiur^r 


I'lace   of  Nativity. 

Philadelphia  city 
Do  do 

Berks  co 

llesse  Darmstadt  Germany 

Donegal  co  Ireland 

Hunterdon  co  N  J 

'I'hames  OxCortlshire  Eng 

ilimterdon  co  N  J 

Northampton  co 

('hester  co 

E  as  ton 

Columbia  co 

(Jarbon  co 

('olunibia  co 

Cailion  CO 
Do 

Frankford  Philada  co 

CatskillN    V 

Kutland  CO    Vt 

Atlantic  Ocean 

Chestnut  Hill  Philada  co 
Do  i\o 

Northampton  co 

Carbon  co 

Orwigsburg  Schuylkill  co 

Monroe  co 

New  Castle  co  Del 

Cloucester  co  N  J 

Londonderry  co  Leland 
Do  do 

Do  do 

Do  ilo 

Do  do 

Cavan  co  do 

Trenton  N  J 

Northampton  co 

Luzerne  co 

^Vyoming  Valley  Luz  co 

Northampton  co 

lierks  CO 

Schuylkill  co 


oUBSCKlIiKiiS      NAMKS. 


,39 


Residence — Muui-h  Cliunk. 

Amos  Stroll 
Stephen  'J\itile 
John  Varner 
John  Mcb^ingv;v 
Sanuiel  IJogerl  jr 
I  high  Maser 
Charles  Roth 
Jacob  Sau(l>_>l 
John  Paiiiier 
("harles  SnyiUir  Sh.eiill 
Josiah  Horn 
Lewis  1)  West 
(i  W  Sin'psou 
(ieorge  Kisiier 
Daniel  Olewine 
Abiel  Dodson 
Caj)t  Ezra  Dodson 
J{enjaniiu  JMilchell 
James  J^iue 
Samuel  Alden 
I'atrick  Iveily 
Wm  Oakey 
Andrew  Hrown 
Frederick  Shobart 
James  Savage 
Levi  Miner 
Jolin  Urauden 
N  D  Cortrighi 
Abraham   Focht 
Jeremiah  Andreas 
Stephen  Balliett 
John  W  Pryer 
John  Prytr 
Robert  Wallace 
Nehemiah  Eul)ody 
(ieorge  Shadel 
(Jol  John  Lcnlz 
Thon.ao  lioyl 
Michael  Farrell 
'rimulliy  Sulivan 
ME  i:i')crt 
Ezeikel  Scott 


I'lacc    ■>(  Nativity. 

Columbia  co 
Susquehanna  co 
Carbon  co 
].uzerne  co 
Norihamplon  co 

])o 
Salifrbury  Lehigh  co 

Do  do 

Sunbury   Norihumberland  co 
Carlhin  co 

Do 
Clictilcr  CO 
PInl.delphia 
Columbia  co 
Carb'Hi  CO 
Iiuzerne  co 

Do 
IM.ih.d.lphia  CO 
Lnzi'iiie  CO 

Do 

Di 
Wyoming  co 
Pitititon  Luz  CO 
Luzerne  co 
JUoomsburg 

IJerkti  CO  •• 

Luzerne  co 

Do 
Schuylkill  co 
Carbon  CO 

Do 
IJeavcr  co 
Ikicks  CO 
Eastoii 

Ber'.\  ick  ('olumbia  co 
L\.i'/.tinic  CO 
Loliii)li  CO 
Doni'gal  CO  Ireland 
Meaih  CO  do 

Cork  do 

Fort  Minden  ]-russia 
londoaderry  Ireland 


540 


-•Li!  ■.(..l.;iiF.l{.S      NAMES. 


Ki'oideiicL'— Muucli  'J)j>ii,i..  Place  of  Nativity. 

C;eurge  Dink  IJairea  Germany 

(ieorge  KnickGiLcckor 
Josiah  'vVliiio  Eiskiiio  11: 
zard  George  FA.  II  Hriiik 

(the  first  >vhit(}  niai;   b; 
in  i\iaucl.  Ui,unk) 
iitavcr  Meadow. 

Hopkin  Thou  at 
William  Thoaui.^ 
f'apt  A  II  VancLvc 
W  B  Wilson 
•lolin  Vogle 
Abraham  Cool  1'  M 
AbralKun  T  iliiiil.M-I. 
George  II  1  Jon^lu  r;)-  ji 
Samuel  M  Wilson 
li  M  Stanbuiy  iM  D 
N  K  Penrose 
Jacob  Horn 
Samuel  S  Si  ulan 
Henry  Hoovci 
Jonari  lleliz  (L'n^niic(i) 
.1  \i  Freining 
.lolm  Smith  sr 
.John  .lohnson 
John  Martin 
John  Eynon 
Thomas  15  Danieks 
Kvan  rhiUipd 
Jonah  Rees 
Jeidtins  Reynolds 
Rees  Leyson 
AVm  Thorn r.s 
Thorn  ad  1  Jo  in  I 
Stephen  Smilli 
Torrance  Urady 
Michael  llrady 
John  licayli.^ 
I'atrick  M  HuiiL 
(■:.|in  Llewellyn 
^\'ni  W'alkins 


Dutchess  CO  N  Y 

^    >Maucli  Chunk 

^    1 
J 

Glamorganshire  S  Wales 

Do 

do 

Hunterdon  co  N  J 

Luzerne  co 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Northumberland  co 

iNonlgomery  co 

New  York  ciiy 

Bucks  CO 

Norlhami)ton  co 

Columbia  co 

iMonlgomery  co 

Carbon  co 

Bucks  CO 

Paris  France 

Denmark 

Roscommon  co  Irel 

and 

Pembrokeshire  S  Wales 

(ilaniorganshire 

do 

do 

do 

Swansey 

do 

bo 

do 

Brecknockshire 

do 

Do 

do 

Near  Loudiam  Warwicks  Lu! 

S  Shields  Norlh'd  ( 

:o  Eng 

Cavan  co  Ireland 

Do             do 

Monmouthshire  S  Wales 

("avail  CO  Ireland 

Monmouihsiure  S  Walerj 

Do 

do 

SUUSCK 

IBEKb'     NAiMES. 

541 

Kesidence — Beaver  Miiidow. 

Piaco   uf  Nativity, 

'1'  II  McCi.rh^y  Esc] 

Miliun  North'd  co 

A  Hamburger  Esq 

Bavaria  (Jermany 

A  McCrackeii 

L  iMt  Bethel  Nortl 

lamp  ton  co 

Geo  Brader 

Bcihilaliem  ip 

do 

John  J  Kiiisey 

E as  ton 

do 

(iliristiun  Hess 

Aloore  tp 

do 

Stephen  yylicri 

Sal'.'iu  tp  Luzerne 

CO 

Jonas  Baltfiibciider 

Nescopcck  tp    do 

Daniel  SmilK 

Suoarloaf  tp       do 

Thomas   (';nvlcy 

Do                 do 

Charles  Iliiny 

Sinking  Springs  Berks  co 

•fas  Triesbaucli  (EuLiinee 

•)    Easi/n 

Wm  Reiley 

Cavan    co   Ireland 

-Michael  Boyle 

D;.                do 

John  Sheiih)n 

Do               do 

Patrick  Mc'Carty 

Killcayr           do 

Edward  IMidharend 

l>()iir!ral  CO       do 

James  Evans 

MuiK.li.in  co     do 

James  Fitzgerald 

Qucoiis  CO        do 

Samnel  Evans 

jMoiialian  co     do 

John   Keed 

Aiiiiim  CO         do 

John  Kearney 

.Ma\  o  vo            do 

'I'lioinas  Haley 

;Mtt:uheo           do 

Wm  Cniniskey 

1 -on L' lord  CO     ilo 

John  McCarner 

Monahanco      do 

John  Reynolds 

filauiorijanshire  S 

Wales 

Thomas  lieynolds 

Do 

do 

Richard  ^Villiams 

Do 

do 

Win  Edwards 

Carmarthenshire 

do 

John  Watkins 

]Moii:nouthshire 

do 

David  Watkins 

Do 

do 

Wm  Miiir 

Kilmarnock  Ayrsl 

ire  Scotlanil 

Robert  Preston 

Voikshiro  Eng 

Charles  Urittain  jv 

Sussex  CO  N  J 

Wm  Price 

PLuiilield  Ip  Northampton  co 

Simon  IjiiIz 

Colaaibia  co 

Jolm  Lomisou 

Efiston 

Patrick  Birmiiigham 

Killdiue  CO  Ireland 

MatthcN/  Donaho 

Cavin  CO         do 

'I'homas  Kaiaii 

Do                do 

Jamc-^  Brady 

Do                do 

542 


UBS^'tJIiEUS      NAMES, 


KcriiJourc— ikavor  M.. 

^V'm  McCiiriocli 
Alexander  Mcaa 
Abraham  -Sk'.;l(ou 
Will  Skcltdii 
Capt  Wni  li  .McK.: 
John  TcjUoa 
J:imc3  Long 
James  Vaughim 

Huzliitoji. 
i^atiick  IJeily 
]'atriL-k  lliL^inii::: 
Michael  (iar.it 
AV  A  Slubl;ii  V  Si 
'I'hoiiias  VVaiiilii: 
I.aiuiing  lU.H'kwL'h 
John  Slueck 
JohnCharh^i 
John  ^y  West 
'I'homas  Vogle 
Abraham  Joms 
T  Evans  (iMachiiuM 
James  Janu:-.  (I^ilmi 
Levi  .loncti 
Jabez  IMiillijyci 
liCwis  Lewis 
-.John   Roberts 
Thomas  Jou(  :- 
Owen  Gorman  (i\l;u: 
James  Patterson 
Samuel  CJordon 
James  Hunter 
Robert  Boston 
Robert  Wray 
A  Kelchan^ 
AVm  Fraeo 
Adam  Winiers 
Henry  FiM.ioy 
Adam  Slave  (Engini; 
Peter  K  Snyder 
Geori>o  Ihown 
John  W  liayior 


Place  of  Nativity. 

Limerickshire    Scotland 
Douglas  Renfrews'r  do 
Stall ordshire  l']ngland 

J)o  do 

Piiiladulphia 

Quaker  Valley  Carbon  co 
Manch  Chunk 
]Monm»uthsljire  S  Wales 

West  Maid  co  Ireland 
f iundonderry  eo     do 


Mayo  CO 

do 

Huntingdon  tp  L 

uzerne  c.> 

IMyiuuuth  tp 

do 

^ViIkesbarre 

do 

Dauphin  co 

Northampton  co 

Hunterdon  co  N 

J 

iMouinoutiibiiire 

S  Wales 

Cijainorganshire 

do 

Do 

do 

Ho 

do 

Do 

do 

Monmouthshire 

do 

J)o 

do 

Do 

do 

CarnKu-thenshire 

do 

Monahan  co  Ireland 

Dund)artonshire  Scotland 

Down  CO  Ireland 

Ayrshire  Scotlanc 

.1 

(Glasgow          do 

Newton  Cunning 

'm  co  li\li 

Wyoming  Vadey 

I'laslon 

Carbon  co 

Whitemarsli  Montgomcsy  <ji 

Luzerne  co 

Montgomery  co 

Northampton  co 

Boston  Mass 

1-uid 


f\ 


SUKSCKlIii;!'.'-       NiMES.                                5 

ResiJcace— HmIcIoj). 

i^ldcc    ol'  Nativity. 

Adam  Siilierer 

Hhjomsburg  Warren  co  \  J 

Samuel  Slangier 

«uhsex  eo  N  J 

E  P  Uuers  (Tcadief; 

Wanencodo 

Win  Henry 

'Xescojieck  tp  liUZ  CO 

liGwis  BliiL'kwell 

Luzi'rni;  eo 

IJeiiediali  Piatt 

Columbia  co 

A  B  Cook 

Luzerne  eo 

Peter  Stare  jr  (Engineer) 

Do 

Stephen  Ox.rider 

Do 

Paul  Don. 

V>arl!on  co 

Conrad  Doiu  E:iq 

Du 

Sumiiiit  IIill. 

N  Patterson 

\V)oming  Valley  Luz  co 

Geo  11   Davis  Esq 

Cliurchtown  Lancaster  co 

James  McLean  jr 

C:i'l,on  CO 

D  P  Knou'les 

(wjl'.Mnhia  CO 

Solomon  lirvlogle 

Carhoti  (.'o 

D  IJ  15  road  head 

Pike  CO 

David  G inter 

\V  i'Lun  tp  Schuylkill  co 

V  Weiss  (Gen'l  Sraveyui 

1   Cailon  CO 

Col  'l\\0!i  Hroderiek 

Loi  ilonderry    Ireland 

John  Smart 

Villi  ini   cu              do 

Cieorj^e  Adams  ('reaciierj 

Kilkenny  co           do 

'I'homas  NVilson 

Loiidonderrv          do 

John  Yates  I'aul 

Do       '          do 

James  Moon 

Do                 do 

Hugh  Hnyle 

Donegal                  do 

Jas  ProiKnick 

LoiM.londerry  co    do 

Charles  Hazlett 

Do                  do 

John  Delay 

Kilkenny  co         do 

John  li)an 

Do                  do 

James  Denton 

New  York  citv 

John  P  Jones 

rrmishire  N  Wales 

John  Pol)erls 

Carnaivonshire  N   Wales 

Daniel  Jones 

\)o                     do 

Edward  Uobeits 

Doriibieshire               do 

David  IMnniaii 

Bi-<  cknoekshire  S  Wales 

Wm  Morgan 

Glauiorganshirc           do 

Elijali  VViliianis 

\V;.yneco  NY 

Co    Chas  Cadooan 

lilnkdy  Gloucester  Eng 

V.  11W..1.  :\IcConnel  M  D 

Phililelphia 

544 


SUIiiCKlllEKS      NAMES. 


Residence — Sumroit  11  ill. 

Jolin    VVinlersieeii 

Rev  AG  Hariied 

Charles  0  Smith 

Wni  Fleitiin.g 

Uk'h-.v']  Lecnaid 

Hugh  Tohm 

Henry  McGiiilcy 

Maiihtnv  Doiighfi-iy 

Wai  l\y,m 

Tatrick  llym 

J:iine<  llanuhou 

Wm  Mdlu^M 

Rdward  Brislin 

Tiinotliy  iMcOinty 

i']d\vai(l  Kelly 

James  Sleel 

Robert  Dunlap 

Martin  Adaiii:^ 

Wm  Fargey 
Benjamin  M;u[)hy 
Palricic  Ripp 

Lesley  Delvin 
Joseph  Walka 
John  (Jage 
John  Speiico 
Robert  McCook 
John  Clark 
Tlioinas  Allen 
Michael  Brady 
liCvi  Smith 

Nosqiiehoiiing. 
Henry  Meyers  (Teacli jr) 
AV'm  J  Harlan 
D  L  Obitz 
Samuel  Ka^iig 
Francis  S waltz 
Wm  Bri-o-3 
Mich.ael  \Villicim 
Holden  Chester 
Georue  Zcigenfiis 
Ml.asllcnry 


Place   of  Nativity. 

Sussex  CO  N  J 
I'hihidelphia 
New  York 

(-iueens  county  IrelamI 

Cavan  co  do 

Donegal  co  do 

Do  do 

liOiuionderry  co    do 

Kilkenny  co  do 

Do  do 

Donegal  co  do 

Do  do 

Do  do 

Do  do 

Do  do 

Antrim  co  do 

Do  do 

Do  do 

Tyrone  co  do 

Dumbo  CO  do 

iMayo  CO  do 

Lond  nderry    co  do 

!)o  do 

Do  do 

Do  do 

Do  do 

Do  do 

Do  do 

Do  do 

Lehigh  CO 

Broome  co  N  Y 
Susquehanna  co 
Northampton  co 
(Carbon  co 
Bucks  CO 
('oluml)ia  co 
Northampton  CO 
(Uunbeiland  co 

Bucks   CO 

Soiiuylkill  CO 


SUTISCliniEUS      NAMEJ5. 


51.' 


Kesidcncc — Nt'sijiu;!u)iiii 

Jacob  Y eager 
John  Lewis 
Dennis  McElear 
Thomas  Karr 
Andey  I\lcCabe 
Edward  McDonald 
Patrick  Cassady 
Andrew  Hand 
Francis  S\veeny 
James  IMcCabe 
Daniel  Fic>iier 
Thomas  McKinne;3 
(leorge  Katclill" 
George  iSherry 
Archer  Hams 
Rees  Price 
James  Codington 
^Vm  Pradwell 
Tlionnis  Miller 
Zarrohabel  'I'lionuib 
Samuel  Maisden 
John  AVarwick 
Geo  Pari m ley 
James  Lewis 
John  Harris 
David  Mathews 
James  ]jle welly ii 
Thomas  Pruthro 
Herbert  Lewis 
Leyshon  'I'homas 
Thomas  iMiilip 
Thomas  Palmer 
Owen  (Jarraghan 
Michael  McDonald 
Philip  Dolan 
fjiike  Farley 
Patrick  ]''jiz^;a 
Hugh  Keily 
Robiat  PnMiL' 
Terenre  I)-.lar 
r;ur;.l     \i,:Lai 


rick 


All. 


I'iace   of  Nativity. 

Lchigli  CO 

Primrose  Hill  Schuylkill  co 
Londonderry  Ireland 
J.oiith  CO  do 

Cavan  co  do 

Do  do 

Do  do 

Do  do 

r>jnegal  co  do 
Moiiaghan  co  do 
D'liicgal  CO  do 

»S*.orlingshire  Scotland 
Nollinghamshire  Eng 

^JllS,;iL'X  CO  N  J 

Warren  co  do 
Mimmouthshirc  S  Wales 

Do  Eng 

Didham  CO  England 
.Shcllleld,  Yorkshire  do 
Rlonnioulhshire  do 

D.rby.shue  do 

AY'i'slmoreland  co  do 
JXaham  co  do 

Prccknockshire  S  Wales 
Mcmnouthshire  do 

(Jh'morganshire  do 
('armarthenshire  do 
I\Ioiimouthshire  do 

Do  do 

( Welsh  Bard) 
Monmouthshire  S  Wales 
Sojuersetshirc  Eng 
Cavan  CO  Ireland 

iJo  do 

1  ►(.»  do 

Do  do 

]  )o  do 

L^o  do 

[h>  do 

Do  do 

I  uiL.'iurd  cc-  do 


54G 


:ii;!!lJKb      NAME.- 


Resideijci;— JNt--n.|ii(i.u.u;,t,.  i'Jaco    of   Nativity. 

James  McGco  Dotiegul  co  IreluntJ 

Cortieliu;:  Mcighoii  Do  do 

Michael  O'Hanen  I-omloiulerry  co         do 

Francis  Dtrmot  Alotiagliati  co  do 

John  IIuiiips  Doiieoal  co  do 

James  (Hark  Loitih  co  do 

John  Kobb  Donegal  co  do 

John  iMalone  Tyrone  co  do 

Kobeit  McCtiliistur  Antrim  co  do 

Mrs  Elizabeth  Abb^i  I)eil)y6tiire  England 

Robci-t  Eddi','  K'anfrewshire  Scotland 

.Samuel  Souihall  Slallbrdshire  Eng 

Wm  Horn  New  York  city 

John  McDeiiuili  Orange  co  N  Y 

llichard  M  ]I;ici<et  Coventry  city  Eng 

Charles  Ma^  iMonaghan  co  Ireland 

Bernard 'rark-ujii  Kings  co  do 

"Richard  Peaicel  Maid  co  do 

James  J  Ileatheiby  (ilasgow  IScollaiid 

John  Thomas  (jilamorganshire  S  Wales 
John  Rceb  Do  i\o 

Cha3  William.-,  Monmouthshire  England 

Moses  Sweazley  Hunterdon  co  N  J 

Lehightoii. 

Peter  Bowman  1*  M  Carbon  co 

Joiias  Bowmr.n  Do 

Thomas  Kemcrer  Do 

Nathan  Evert  Do 

Charles  Patterson  Easton 

Charles  Key:5or  M  D  Ncwed  on  the  Rhine 

Nathan  Clause  Jichigh  co 

Jonathan  Hamtz  Do 

Stephen  Kisilor  Do 

H  Morganroth  Memmelsdorf  (icrmany 

Michael  Pent  Burlington  co  N  J 

G<  o  R'ltiistoin  Freedheim  Germany 

Philip  But  Stroudiburg  Monroe  co 

Wm  U  Vf  f:\s.\i  Northampton  ro 

''/V-aileb  G  B:^\vfr  ■  , 

.Urrb  V.  H<rv.  Union  tp  Berk.^  ro 


bUiis;..R)i!i:«-.'   NAMKs,  .547 

Residence — Mjihniiing  A'allcy.  I'lacr.    of  Nativity. 

Alex  II  C  Uuyv.v  (Tearliei)  Niaio  of  Delaware 

John  I)(;rr  l.cliigh  co 

Daniel  Ilontz  Do 

Jno  Horn  lv-;q  Do 

Joslnia  Haupt  Do 

Wm  Kenimovcr  CaiI)on  oo 

I.ewis  Ilauly  |)(3 

Geo  Kemnercr  l)o 

A  Klotz  Do 

Daniel  J  Yost  «rfiaylkill  co 

Sepieiniia  Hough  Hn.;ks  co 

East  Penn  Tou■ll^,lil^i,  j\r'..^.ill... 

Jacob  Diiikey  Es(j  Nfiilhain|)toii  co 

Kev  E  Aiigusl  Hanoi-  Way  hach  Gcainaiiy 

Chas  Dinkey  I*  M  C.ihou  co 

<3liver  Musselinau  Do 

«  Ballict  l.i'l.igh  CO 

Isaac  Denglar  (,{(:i1>h  co 

Jacob  lleisler  (VVcsi  Piaiii)  Rcihlmg 

\i  Wallon  (Union  I'anu)  ("arbonco 

t;  HolVnian    (      ilo           )  Hi:,  lis  co 

A  IJalliel  (!•:  Penn  i,))  Gaibon  co 

Purryvillc, 

John  Jarrartl  V/urren  co  N  J 

James  Anthony  P  M  Noiilianiplou  ce 

AVni  Antlnniy  Do 

Lower  Towainer.siMi^  Touii.Ju'p. 

John  Bowman  Gaihon  co 

Henry  Bowman  jr  Do 

Dennis  Bowman  Do 

David  Bowman  Esq  L'o                                          * 

Thomas  Stroup  Do 

Theo  Kenimijicr  Do 

Isaac  Lower  VII,  i.town 

Weissport. 

Alex  Leniz  N  Vv  Hall  Lchigli  r* 

Chas  C  GermiMi  ^,1  1)  Berks  co 

Josiah  W  }l\u:h  Cnrhr.n  ro 

Dani.'l  Herberling  \].q  ■?.  Ikr.  \\>  Northampton  co 

Bf'hi  I   Klopirgcr  ])>.                 do 


r>is 


MJSCKlUEnS'    NAMES. 


Kesidcncc — Mlu^  Iron 

Sam  I  B  Finch  Esq 
God f ley  Laury 
Daiil  Kemmercr 
M  Scyfert 
John  B.oyr  r 
Jamco  Wilson 

A(h\m  Shoeiriakcr 
Andrew  Beriiliard 
Nathiui  Vanliorii 
Thomas  Jenkins 
M  Gangewarc 
Jacob  McFano 
Jesse  Ganij;c\vLirc 
J  E  Vanhorn 
(Jbed  McM-Ji-tnc 
Amhur  Nmilh. 
Michael  Canol 
Conrad  Ilcin.stir 
(■lil'lou, 

Wni  Evans 
l'hili[)  Wallers 
Jo.shua  I)  Kvaiw 
John  Tliomad 
George   Km;, 
Jonathan  Sioilh 
Jas  Lomison  jr 
(Jeo  \V  Slac-klioubC 
Joahua  lleil 
Wm  Guiu 
Hugh  Goiiinghani 
Dennis  Garioll 
TiiHOthy  Duckerar) 
Daniel  Shivlcr 
SoloHiop  W     - 
rianiiiel  livins 
Edward  Herb 
David  V[u\\[>H 
.Tonalt'.au  Jom 
'ames  .Teiik;a; 


.h(i 


:u-t 


Place    of  Nativity, 

Cnmberland  co 
Lehigh  CO 
Monroe  co 
U(3rks  CO 
Noitbanipton  co 
Tyrone  i-o  Irelaiul 


Monroe  co 

Norllunnberlanc 

CO 

linion  in  Enzer 

le  CO 

Do 

do 

Schuylkill  CO 

Columbia  co 

Allentown 

lAizerne  co 

"Warren  co  N  J 

Monaghan  co  Ireland 

(iu('(;n.s  CO 

i\0 

Ciennany 

Monmoulhbhire 

S  Wale., 

I'einbrokesinre 

k\o 

IJrecknockbbire 

do 

Glamorgansbire 

do 

(Glasgow   iSfolhiud 
H  iShiclds  NorlbM  co  E 
Jjuzcrne  co 
Columbia  co 
Carbon  co 

Limerick  co  Ireland' 
liOl'l  CO  do 

Monaghan  co     do 
(iueens  co  do 

Northampton  co 
iiUzeriie  co 

Do 
(Glamorganshire  S  Wah: 
I'embrokeshire  dc 

J)ead.igiisliire  N   Wale-. 
Gloucc&tcrsliirc  Euj.' 


n'liSCUlKLUS      NAMES 


54<t 


Residence — 1' 


Jesse  1)  Coitrij^lit 
Amos  IMcNcal 
Aiulrew  INL'Neal 
Joseph  Aiulcisoit 
PelerMc^fasier 
Wr;.the,ly. 

Amos  Dodioii  Eoij 
looter  Wiidonncr 
Steplicu  Iscons 
Ceorgo  Sialir 
Peter  Kerick  jr 
8olomoii  Nangcsser 
Jjafayette  Shuiloci. 
liice  Tliomas 
T  Williams  (Mu 
Sugar  Loaf MiiU;, 

Robort  Ilutchisou 
Thomas  Weir 
Robert  Johnson 
liobert  ("ainiibcll 
(ieorge  Campbell 
Isaac  iSinith 
John  English 
Philip  Morgan 
James  Coimel 
Asahel  Sliipman 
Peter  R  Diekerson 
Charles  Neyer 
Allen  Vanhorn 
J  (xombar  (E  Sugar 
Huntingdon  Town 

John  Shevely 
II  M  Schwenk 
Ceo  Bowman 

Vieivious  Dodsou 
ISathan  Sales 
E  J  Earls 
Silas  Dodbon  Ebtj 
W;n  Tyermuh 


lU:,l) 


riiico  of  Nativity. 

l.uzcrne  co 

Do 

Do 
D  iwn  CO  Ireland 
E:.iiaikshire  M  Britain 


Eiizernc  co 
Do 

Do 
Do 

I. .'high  CO 
Easion 

.Vii  Bethel  Northampton  co 
(•r.imorgunshire  S  Wales 
J)u  do 


^uzriic  (JcvLtity. 


Ki'nfrewshire  Scotland 

Do  do 

D'untVieshire    do 
K  Imarnock  Ayrsliire  Scotland 

Di)  do  do 

AVicklow  CO  Ireland 
Pictore  Nova  Scotia 
Moiimowthshire  S  Wales 
Sidney  Cape  Breton 
Morris  co  N  J 
Do  do 

Uinabruck  Germany 
fJahimbia  co 


Loaf) 

Lehigh  CO 

,iiil.,  I. 

izci/'.^  County. 

Union  co 

]\lonigomery  co 

Columbia  co 

Schuylkill  CO 

Luzerne  co 

Do 

Do 

Do 

5jO                              Si'li: 

(JilHERS      NAMES, 

Residence— Funliii|^il<i,i,  I 

..  (11.  Pliicc    of  Nativity. 

Ei:i'a  Cliapin 

I.uzerne  co 

Col  JaiiiRS  Tul/bs 

Do 

]i  D  Kooas 

iJo 

John  Dodson  2d 

Do 

ALraliam  Vauhcuii 

Do 

Nathan   Dodsoii 

Do 

Je.sso   Kopers 

Wilkesbarre 

Daniel  Stiles 

Do 

Wni  ilelterly 

( lolumbia  co 

John  V^aple 

Do 

liiiv  EluLS  Dod.oii 

Nortlianipton  co 

John  Dodson  Ei^i 

Do 

Joseph  Khoads 

Do 

retor  lirink 

New  Jersey 

J  VVeytover 

Massacluiselts 

J  Larsli  (Foiiulain  'Spring)     Northampton  co 

D  Christ  (Reading)  Reading 

J  C  Ifnghes  (Big  Monnt'n)  Columbia  co 

D  Williams  (Roaring  cr(jek)Ne\v  York 

David  Evans  do  (ilamorganshire  S  Wales 

Jolm  I)  Ra'zor  (Caiiawis  a)  Norilnimberland  co 

D  S  'i'eeis  (iMonlun.)  Coliunbia  co 

A  Love  (liloomsljurg)  Manor  co  Ireland 

J  M  Haycock  (Rubrsburg)  Columbia  co 

C  W  Partner  d<;  Sussex  N  J 

J  McClnre  do  Luzerne  co 

J  11  lleslet  (Adis:>n)  Columbia  co 

Wm  Johnson  do  Do 

Reulien  Mavis   (\V;..-;h't(vi)  Northampton  co 

J  lieberling  (Cridersviile)  Do 

J  Fetter  (Sugar  LonQ  Schuylkill  co 


\ 

..     .    %  'I- 

/V 

-'  .iy 

^y4 

€t 


^ 


72^^ 


Hfckman 


B   I  "n   D   E   R  Y,       IN   C. 

Bound-1b-Plcase* 

DEC  03 

N.  MANCHESTER,  INDIANA  46962