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HISTORY 


OF 


Northwestern 
University 


AND 


EVANSTON 


EDITED   BY 


Robert  D.  Shei'pard,  D.D.  Harvey  B.  Hurd,  LL.D. 


CHICAGO: 

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PUBLISHERS 

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PREFACE 


An  analysis  of  the  motives  which  have  induced  Evanstonians  to  join  in  the  fur- 
nishing of  material  for  this  record  of  local  history  would  afford  evidence,  not  only  of  a 
feeling  of  obligation  to  the  past  and  present,  but  also  to  future  generations;  and  this,  it 
is  but  just  to  say,  has  been  the  impelling  force  in  the  conception  and  preparation  of  this 
volume. 

Book-making  is  an  expensive  undertaking,  and  the  limited  sale  v^hich  a  work  treat- 
ing of  a  small  community  would  obtain,  would  inevitably  involve  heavy  financial  re- 
sponsibilities. The  publishers  of  that  excellent  work,  "The  Historical  Encyclopedia  of 
Illinois,"  have  deemed  it  practicable  to  produce  a  special  Evanston  edition  of  that 
work  embracing,  as  a  feature  of  added  interest  and  value,  a  supplemental  volume 
largely  devoted  to  Evanston  history,  prepared  and  edited  by  Evanstonians.  The  busi- 
ness management  of  the  enterprise  rests  with  the  publishers  who  have  had  a  long  and 
successful  experience  in  the  publication  of  works  of  this  character,  and  to  whom 
great  credit  is  due  for  successfully  financing  the  cost  of  production  and  carrying  to 
a  faithful  completion  this  important  work. 

This  history  has  been  written  in  the  belief  that  it  is  needed ;  that  man's  immor- 
tal  instincts  revolt  at  the  thought  of  the  good  of  the  past  being  buried  in  oblivion — 
that  the  fruitage  of  lives  which  have  accomplished  results,  epitomized  in  the  word  "his- 
tory," should  be  forgotten — that  lessons  of  faithful  doing,  accompanied  by  self-sacri- 
fice, zealous  faith  and  daring  courage  little  short  of  the  heroic,  should  fail  of  their 
highest  accomplishment  by  inspiration  and  example,  because  no  one  has  recorded  them 
— that  present  and  future  generations  should  be  deprived  of  these  teachings,  examples 
and  educational  forces,  simply  for  the  want  of  a  proper  and  available  published  record 
of  many  facts  now  having  an  existence  only  in  the  memory  of  individuals  who  cannot 
long  remain,  and  whose  passing  away  will  place  the  foundation  facts  of  our  history 
beyond  the  reach  of  those  who  come  after  them. 

Hence  this  history,  with  the  imperfections  and  shortcomings  always  incident  to 
human  authorship,  yet  the  results  of  the  best  thought  and  intelligent  efforts  of  many 
accomplished   writers  and  contributors   who  have  produced,  in  concise  but  comprehen- 

1 


sive  form,  a  carefully  prepared  and  faithful  record  of  facts  and  events  relating  to  the 
various  topics  assigned  to  them.  Without  attempting  to  enumerate  all  of  them  by  name, 
I  here  wish  to  express  my  personal  obligation  to  Robert  D.  Sheppard,  D.  D.,  as  my 
Editorial  Associate,  and  to  each  author  for  the  faithful  and  intelligent  service  ren- 
dered in  the  preparation  of  this  work,  as  well  as  the  lasting  debt  of  gratitude  due 
to  them  from  the  home-loving  and  Evanston-loving  people  of  to-day  and  the  future. 

The  conception  that  our  city's  history,  together  with  the  memoirs  of  its  founders 
and  builders,  was  deserving  of  record,  received  its  first  practical  suggestion  in  the 
organization,  about  seven  years  ago,  of  the  Evanston  Historical  Society,  which  is  do- 
ing such  noble  work  in  its  chosen  field  of  research  and  collection  of  historical  material. 
To  the  influence  and  labors  of  this  association  is  due,  not  only  the  conception  of  the 
need  of  an  authoritative  published  History  of  Evanston,  but,  in  a  large  degree 
through  the  labors  and  co-operation  of  its  members,  the  success  which  has  attended 
the  preparation  of  such  a  work.  Believing  that  it  will  have  a  permanent  value,  not 
only  to  citizens  of  Evanston  and  Cook  County,  but  to  many  others  interested  in  State 
history,  I  herewith  bring  my  labors  in  connection  with  the  volume  to  a  close,  with 
thanks  to  my  associates  and  co-laborers  and  hope  that  it  will  meet  the  expectation  of  its 
patrons  and  have  for  them  an  interest  corresponding  with  the  labor  required  in  its 
preparation. 

^ Tn   ^^ \ 


FOREWORD 


The  preface  to  this  work,  written  by  the  late  Hon.  Harvey  B.  Hard,  after  the  vari- 
ous manuscripts  furnished  by  the  many  contributors  were  well  in  hand,  quite  fully 
sets  forth  the  inception  of  this  inidertaking  and  the  potent  influences  leading  thereto. 
It  is  self-evident  that  the  preparation  of  so  extended  a  history  of  Evanston  was  a  more 
formidable  task  than  originally  contemplated,  and  unavoidable  delays  were  experi- 
enced incident  to  receiving  the  completed  manuscripts  from  some  of  our  friends  con- 
tributing the  same,  and  still  further  delays  were  occasioned  by  the  sending  to  each 
author  a  copy  of  the  printer's  proof  of  his  or  her  portion  of  the  work.  To  do  this  was 
thought  important  in  order,  first,  that  each  writer  might  thus  have  a  last  opportunity 
to  correct  and  make  more  complete  his  or  her  department ;  and,  second,  that  each  chap- 
ter might,  by  this  means,  receive  any  necessary  additions  extending  its  scope  to  a  more 
recent   period. 

Credit  is  due  to  the  publishers  for  the  pecuniary  outlay  which  they  necessarily 
have  borne,  and  for  the  great  care  evidently  taken  by  them  in  the  preparation  of  the 
whole  work  and  in  placing  it  in  completed  form  before  its  readers. 

I  have  every  reason  to  believe  that  the  various  chapters,  furnished  by  about  forty 
special  contributors  to  the  city's  history,  have  been  prepared  with  great  care;  that 
the  completed  work  will  constitute  a  valued  addition  to  the  library  of  all  Evanstonians, 
and  will  be  accorded  a  prominent  place  in  the  historical  collections  of  Illinois. 


I  N  DEX 


CHAPTER  I. 
INTRODUCTORY. 
The  Evanston  of  1905 — Seat  of  Learning  and  Gem  Suburb  of  a  Great  Me- 
tropolis—Results Accomplished  by  Fifty  Years  of  Development — 
Contrast  Between  Past  and  Present — First  Township  Organization 
Under  Name  of  Ridgeville — Evanston  Township  Organized  in  1857 
— The  Village  Platted  in  1854 — Later  Changes  in  Township  and 
Municipal  Organization — Old  Xaine  of  Ridgeville  Township  Re- 
sumed in  1903,  with  Boundaries  Identical  with  City  of  Evanston — 
Garrett  Biblical  Institute  Precedes  the  University  —  City  Govern- 
ment Organized  in  1892 — Early  Evanston  Homes  and  Their  Occu- 
pants— Advent  of  the  First  Railroad — Career  of  Dr.  John  Evans 15-20 

* 

CHAPTER  II. 

OUR  INDIAN  PREDECESSORS. 
The  First  Evanstonians — Indian  Relics — Stone  Implements  and  What 
They  Indicate — Early  Explorers — Joliet,  Marquette,  La  Salle  and 
Tonty — Early  Indian  Tribes — The  Iroquois,  Illinois,  and  Pottawat- 
omies — Ouilmette  Reservation  and  Family — The  Fort  Dearborn 
Massacre — Home  of  the  Ouihnettes — Treaty  of  Prairie  du  Chien 
— Indian  Trails  and  Trees  on  the  North  Shore  —  Aboriginal  Camps 
and  Milages — Indian  Mounds  and  Graves — Reminiscences  of  Ear- 
ly Settlers  —  Important  Treaties  —  An  Englishman's  Story  of 
the  Treaty  of  Chicago  in  1833 21-52 

CHAPTER  in. 
NORTHWESTERN  UNIVERSITY. 
The  Beginning — First  Meeting  of  the  Founders  of  the  University — Prime 
Movers  in  the  Enterprise — Resolutions  and  Draft  of  Charter  Adopt- 
ed—The  Legislature  Acts — First  Board  of  Trustees — Organization 
Effected — Search  for  a  Site  for  the  New  Institution — The  Present 
Location  at  Evanston  Finally  Selected — Acquisition  of  Lands — Val- 
uable Real  Estate  in  Chicago  Retained  as  Part  of  the  Endowment — 
Election  of  a  President  is  Decided  L'pon 53-59 


CHAPTER  IV. 
INSTITUTION  IN  DEVELOPMENT. 
Dr.  Clark  T.  Hinman  Chosen  First  President — Sale  of  Scholarships  Begins 
— Career  of  the  New  President  Cut  Short  by  His  Early  Death — 
Town  Site  Platted  and  Named  in  Honor  of  Dr.  John  Evans — Gar- 
rett Biblical  Institute  Established — First  Corps  of  College  Profes- 
sors Elected — University  Assets  in  1854  —  Four-Mile  Anti-Liquor 
District  Established  by  Act  of  the  Legislature — Teaching  Force  of 
the  University  Increased — Dr.  Evans'  Land  Policy — The  Institution 
is  Opened  for  Pupils — Some  of  the  First  Students 61-66 

CHAPTER  V. 
CONDITIONS  IN  1856-1860. 
Trustees  Meet  in  First  University  Building — Dr.  R.  S.  Foster  Elected  the 
Second  President — The  Faculty  Enlarged  —  Absorption  of  Rush 
Medical  College  Projected — Competitors  Enter  the  Field — Professor 
Jones'  "Fern.  Sem." — President  Foster  Visits  the  University,  but 
Obtains  a  Year's  Leave  of  Absence — He  Joins  the  Faculty  in  1857 
—The  Assets  of  the  Institution  Increased  to  Nearly  $316,000 — Re- 
inforcement of  the  Faculty — First  Graduated  Class  in  1859 — ^Dr. 
Foster  Resigns  the  Presidency  and  is  succeeded  by  Dr.  E.  0. 
Haven    67-72 

CHAPTER  VI.  , 
PERIODS  OF  DEPRESSION  AND  GROWTH. 
Changes  of  Faculty — Charter  Amendments  Adopted — Effect  of  the  Civil 
War  on  Number  of  Students — Accessions  to  the  Faculty — Univer- 
sity Land  Debt  is  Liquidated — Orrington  Lunt  Land  Donation  for 
Benefit  of  Library — University  Hall  Projected — Accession  of  Stu- 
dents and  Teaching  Force  Following  the  War  Period — New  Prizes 
Serve  as  a  Stimulus  to  the  Students — First  Honorary  Degrees  Con- 
ferred— Corporate  Name  is  Changed — Professors'  Salaries  Increased 
and  Erection  of  University  Hall  Prosecuted — A  "Gold  Brick"  Dona- 
tion— Encouraging  Financial  Development — Death  of  Acting  Pres- 
ident   Noyes 73-7^ 

CHAPTER    VII. 

A  DECADE  OF  CHANGE. 

Chicago  Medical  College  Merged  in  the  University — A  "Town  and  Gown" 

Contest — Dr.  Erastus  O.  Haven  Enters     L'pon     the     Presidency — 

Women  Admitted  to  College  Classes  —  Addition    to   the    Faculty — 

Greenleaf    Library  —  Advent    of    College  Journa'.ism  —  .Another 


Change  in  the  Presidency — Dr.  Haven  Succeeded  by  Dr.  C.  H. 
Fowler — Increase  of  Students  and  Growth  of  College  Catalogue — 
Co-Education  Established  and  Miss  Frances  E.  Willard  Joins  the 
Faculty — Gymnasium  Erected — Financial  Embarrassment — Presi- 
dent Fowler  Retires  and  Dr.  Oliver  H.  Marcy  Becomes  Acting 
President — The  University  Wins  on  the  Taxation  Issue — Life-Sav- 
ing  Station  Established "9-85 

CHAPTER  VIII. 
AN  ERA  OF  PROGRESS. 
Dr.  Joseph  Cummings,  the  Nestor  of  Eastern  Educators,  Succeeds  to  the 
Presidency — Indebtedness  Wiped  Out  and  the  Institution  Enters 
Upon  a  More  Prosperous  Era — Munificent  Gifts  and  Improvements 
— Changes  in  Faculty  and  Trustees — Illinois  School  of  Pharmacy 
and  School  of  Dentistry  Added — Celebration  of  University  Day 
Inaugurated — President  Cummings'  Successful  Career  and  His 
Taking  Away — Dr.  Marcy  Temporarily  Assumes  the  Position  of 
Acting  President — Dr.  Henry  Wade  Rogers  Succeeds  to  the  Pres- 
idency in  1890 — Other  Changes  and  Improvements  —  Department 
Schools  and  Colleges — Real  Estate  Investments 87-91 

\  CHAPTER  IX. 

SOME  SIDE  ISSUES. 
Athletics  and  College  Societies — Women's  Educational  Associations — 
"The  Settlement"  and  the  University  Guild — Dr.  Rogers  Resigns 
the  Presidency  in  1899,  and  is  Succeeded  by  Dr.  Bonbright  as  Act- 
ing President — Long  List  of  Notable  Friends  of  the  University 
Who  Have  Passed  Away — Tribute  to  Their  Memory — Dr.  Edmund 
J.  James'  Two  Years'  Administration  — -  He  is  Succeeded  by  Dr. 
Abram  W.  Harris   93-98 

CHAPTER  X. 
NORTHWESTERN  UNIVERSITY  MEDICAL  SCHOOL. 
Object  of  its  Organization — Early  Conditions  and  Methods  of  Medical 
Education — Dr.  N.  S.  Davis  Begins  the  Agitation  for  Graded  In- 
struction and  Longer  Courses — Lind  University  Established  in  1859 
— Institution  Affiliated  with  Northwestern  University  in  1869  — 
Changes  of  Name  and  Location — Growth,  Present  Conditions  and 
Methods  of  Instruction — South  Side  Free  Dispensary — Hospitals: 
Mercy,  Wesley,  St.  Luke's  and  Provident — Clinical  and  other  Ad- 
vantages— Influence  of  the  Founders  of  the  School  Shown  in  its 
Growth  and  Character  of  its  Graduates  —  Positions  Won  by  its 
Alumni  99-I03 


CHAPTER  XI. 
NORTHWESTERN  UNIVERSITY  LAW  SCHOOL. 
Historical  Sketch — Law  School  Founded  in  1859 — Hon.  Thomas  Hoj'ne 
Leads  in  Endowment  of  First  Chair — Only  Three  Law  Schools  then 
West  of  the  Alleghenies — First  Faculty — Notable  Faculty  Members 
of  Later  Date — Union  College  of  Law  Result  of  Combination  of 
Northwestern  and  University  of  Chicago  —  First  Board  of  Mana- 
gers and  First  Faculty  Under  New  Arrangement  —  University  of 
Chicago  Suspended  in  1866 — Northwestern  Assumes  Control  of 
Law  School  in  1891 — Subsequent  History  —  Changes  in  Require- 
ments of  Supreme  Court  as  to  Law  Course — Present  Home  and 
Conditions — Acquisition  of  Gary  Collection — Present  Outlook 105-108 

CHAPTER  XII. 
NORTHWESTERN  UNIVERSITY  DENTAL  SCHOOL. 
Dental  Education  as  a  Distinct  Branch  of  Professional  Training  —  First 
Dental  School  Established  in  1839 — Development  Due  to  State  Leg- 
islation— Dental  Schools  in  Eastern  Cities — Chicago  College  of  Den- 
tal Surgery  Graduates  its  First  Class  in  1885 — Dr.  Thomas  L.  Gil- 
mer Leads  Movement  for  Establishment  of  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity Dental  School — Consolidation  with  American  College  of  Dental 
Surgery — Dr.  Theodore  Menges  Chief  Promoter — First  Faculty  of 
the  Consolidated  School — Present  Condition  —  Finds  a  Permanent 
Home  in  Historic  Tremont  House  Building 109-115 

CHAPTER  XIII. 
UNIVERSITY  SCHOOL  OF  PHARMACY. 
Founding  of  School  of  Pharmacy  in  Connection  with  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity— Promoters  of  the  Movement — School  Opened  in  1886 — Its 
Extensive  Equipment — Instruction  Rooms  and  Laboratories — Num- 
ber of  Students  in  Eighteen  Years — They  are  Drawn  from  Practi- 
cally All  the  States  and  Territories — Present  Location  of  the  Institu- 
tion— Library  and  Value  of  Equipment  —  Annual  E.xpenditures  — 
Faculty  of  1905 117-118 

CHAPTER  XIV. 
THE  WOMAN'S  MEDICAL  SCHOOL. 
Demand  for  Higher  Education  for  Women —  First  Steps  in  Founding 
Woman's  Medical  College — Promoters  of  Movement  in  Chicago — 
"Woman's  Hospital  Medical  College"  Founded  in  1870 — First  Fac- 
ulty— Story  of  "The  Little  Barn" — Career  of  Dr.  Mary  H.  Thomp- 
son, Drs.  Byford,  Dyas  and  Others — Some  Notable  Graduates — A  , 


Period  of  Struggle — Institution  Reorganized  in  1877  as  Woman's 
Medical  College — President  Byford  Dies  in  1890 — Institution  Affil- 
iated with  Northwestern  University —  Is  Discontinued  in  1902  — 
Graduates  in  Foreign  Missionary  and  Other  Fields  —  Alumnae  Or- 
ganization            1 19-129 

CHAPTER  XV. 
UNIVERSITY  SCHOOL  OF  MUSIC. 
Sphere  of  Music  in  Higher  Institutions — Its  Influence  or;  Character  and  as 
the  Hand-Maid  of  Religion— Higher  Aspects  of  the  Art  —  Its 
Growth  in  the  Universities — History  of  its  Connection  with  Ev- 
anston  Educational  Institutions  — Northwestern  Female  College 
Merged  into  Evanston  College  for  Ladies  in  1871 — The  Latter  Be- 
comes a  Part  of  Northwestern  University  in  1873  —  Struggles, 
Changes  and  Growth  of  Later  Years — Some  Notable  Teachers — In- 
crease in  Roll  of  Pupils — Need  of  Ampler  Buildings  —  Music  Fes- 
tivals             131-148 

CHAPTER  XVI. 
UNIVERSITY  SCHOOL  OF  ORATORY. 
Professor  Cumnock  as  Founder — Growth  and  Standing  Due  to  his  Labors 
— First  Class  Graduated  in  1881 — Its  Aim  and  Branches  Taught — 
Building  Erected — Is  Dedicated  in  1895— Location  and  Description 
— Advantage  over  Private  Institutions  of  Like  Character — Training 
in  English  Composition  and  Rhetoric  —  Enrollment  According  to 
Last  Catalogue — Promising  Outlook  for  the  Future 149-150 

CHAPTER  XVIL 
UNIVERSITY  ATHLETICS. 

Evanston  Life-Saving  Crew — Tragic  Fate  of  the  Steamer  "Lady  Elgin" 
Leads  to  Its  Organization — Its  First  Members  —  List  of  Notable 
Rescues — Service  Rewarded  by  Issue  of  Medals  to  the  Crew  by  Act 
of  Congress — Baseball  History — The  Old  Gymnasium — Tug  of  War 
Teams — Football  Records— Athletic  Field  and  Grand  Stand — Track 
Athletics   and   Tennis   Games 151-162 

CHAPTER  XVIII. 
GARRETT  BIBLICAL  INSTITUTE. 
Historical  Sketch — Origin  of  the  Institute  Due  to  the  Munificence  of  Mrs. 
Augustus  Garrett — Building  Erected  in    1855   and   Institute  Opened 
in  1856 — Additional  Buildings  Erected  in  1867  and   1887 — The  Re- 


publican  "Wigwam"  of  i860  Becomes  the  Property  of  the  Institute 
— Reverse  Caused  by  Fire  of  1871 — Disaster  Averted  in  1897  — 
Growth  of  the  Institute — Personal  History  —  Large  Number  of  the 
Alumni  in  Missionary  and  Other  Fields  —  Members  of  the  Faculty 
and  Board  of  Trustees 163-167 

CHAPTER  XIX. 

EARLY  DRAINAGE. 
First  Steps  in  Organization  of  a  Drainage  System  for  Evanston — Natural 
Conditions — Early  Legislation  of  1855 — The  Late  Harvey  B.  Hurd 
Member  and  Secretary  of  First  Board  of  Commissioners^Construc- 
tion  of  Ditches  Begun — Drainage  Amendment  of  the  Present  Con- 
stitution Adopted  in  1878 — Extension  of  the  System — Local  Opposi- 
tion— A  Tax  Collector's  Experience — A  Flood  Converts  the  Oppo- 
nents of  the  System 169-172 

CHAPTER  XX. 

PUBLIC  UTILITIES. 
Area  and  Topography  of  the  City  of  Evanston — The  Drainage  Problem — 
A  Period  of  Evolution — Municipal  Development  —  Electric  Light 
System  Installed — Street  Improvements  —  Parks  and  Boulevards — 
The  Transportation  Problem  —  Steam  and  Inter-urban  Railway 
Connections — Heating  System — Telephone  Service — Evanston  as  a 
Residence  City 173-180 

CHAPTER  XXI. 
WATER  SUPPLY— LIGHTING  SYSTEM. 
Conditions  Prior  to  1874 — First  Movement  to  Secure  an  Adequate  Water 
Supply — Charles  J.  Gilbert  Its  Leader — Holly  Engines  Installed  in 
1874  and  1886 — Annexation  of  South  Evanston — The  Consolidated 
City  Incorporated  in  1892 — Increase  in  the  Water  Supply  in  1897 — 
Source  of  Supply — Revenue — Extent  of  System  —  Street  Lighting 
by  Gas  Introduced  in  1871 — Introduction  of  Electric  Lighting  in 
1890 — Installation  of  the  Evanston- Yaryan  Light  and  Heating  Sys- 
tem             181-185 

CHAPTER  XXII. 

EDUCATION. 
The  Public  Schools  of  Evanston — Day  of  the   Log   School   House  —  Early 
Schools  and  their  Teachers — Sacrifice   of   School    Lands  -r-  Present 
School  Buildings — Township  High  School — Preliminary    History — • 


School  Opened  in  September,  1883 — Prof.  Boltwood  its  First  Princi- 
pal— Present  School  Building — ^lanual  Training  —  A  Moot  Presi- 
dential Election — Drawing  Department — List  of  Trustees 187-200 

,,  CHAPTER  XXIII. 

EVANSTON  AUTHORS. 

Establishment  of  Northwestern  University  the  Beginning  of  Evanston  Lit- 
erary Life — Effect  of  the  Gathering  of  Professors,  Instructors  and 
Students — Growth  of  Literary  Activity  —  Some  Notable  Authors — 
Edward  Eggleston  and  Frances  E.  Willard  Begin  their  Careers  in 
Evanston — Miss  Willard's  "A  Classic  Town" — Miss  Simpson's  Cata- 
logue of  Evanston  Authors  for  1900 — Growth  of  Nine  Years  —  Al- 
phabetical List  of  Authors  with  Bibliography  and  Biographical  Rec- 
ords            201  -2 1 5 

CHAPTER  XXIV. 
LIBRARIES— PUBLIC  AND  PRIVATE. 
Evanston's     First     Library  —  Major     Mulford  the  "Gentleman  Pioneer  of 
Evanston" — Some  Specimens  of  His  Librarj' — First   Sunday  School 
Library — Private  Libraries  of  Today — Unique  Collection  of  Curios 
— History  of  Evanston   Free  Public  Library  —  Edward  Eggleston 
Prime  Mover  in  Its  Founding — First  Step  in  Organization  —  Later 
•  History  and  Growth — Roll  of  Librarians  and  Other  Officers — Cata- 
loguing and  Library  Extension — Internal    Management   and    Condi- 
tions— Site  for  a  Library  Building  Secured  in  1904  —  Carnegie  Gift 
of  $50,000 — Erection  of  New  Building  Commenced  in  June,  1906.  . .       217-231 

CHAPTER  XXV. 
UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY. 
First  Step  in  the  Organization  of  a  University  Library — President  Foster's 
Gift — Advance  of  Fifty  Years — The  Greenleaf  Library — University 
Library  is  Made  a  Depository  for  Government  Publications  —  Re- 
cent Notable  Donation's — Orrington  Lunt  Library  Building  is  Dedi- 
cated in  1894 — The  Orrington  Lunt  Library  Fund  —  Internal  Ad- 
ministration —  List  of  Those  Who  Have  Served  as  Librarians  — 
Libraries  of  Garrett  Biblical  Institute  and  Professional  Schools....       233-236 

CHAPTER  XXVI. 
EVANSTON  NEWSPAPERS. 
The  Newspaper  as  a  Necessity — Introduction  and  Growth  of  Local  Jour- 
nals— The  "Suburban  Idea,"  The  "Evanston     Index"     and     Other 


Early  Papers — Story  of  the  "Evanston  Press"  —  Advent  of  the 
Daily — Effect  of  the  Chicago  Printer's  Strike  of  1898  —  Tem-ier- 
ance  Organ — College  Journals — A  "Frat."  and  "Barb."  Advertising 
Contest — Quarterly  and  Monthly  Publications — High  Standard  of 
Evanston  Journalism   237-243 

CHAPTER  XXVn. 

MEDICAL  HISTORY. 
(regular.) 
Primitive   Sanitary  Conditions — Freedom  from   Malarial    Diseases  —  Some 
Old-Time  Physicians  —  Sketch  of  Dr.   John   Evans  —  Drs.   Lud- 
-    lam,  Weller  and  Blaney  — ■  Dr.  N.  S.  Davis  the  Nestor  of  Medical 
Education  —  An  Early  Drug  Store  —  Sketches  of  Later  Day  Phy- 
sicians —  Drs.  Webster,  Bannister,    Burchmore,      Brayton,      Bond, 
Phillips,    Haven,    Hemenway,    Kaufman,    and    others   —    Evanston 
Physicians'    Club    245-254 

CHAPTER  XXVIII. 

MEDICAL  HISTORY. 
(homoeopathic.) 
First  Case  of  Homoeopathic  Treatment  in  Evanston  —  Successful  Results 
— Early  Homoeopathic  Physicians  —  Dr.  Hawkes  First  Local  Prac- 
titioner —  He  is  Followed  by  Dr.  C.  D.  Fairbanks  —  Sketch  of 
Dr.  Oscar  H.  Mann  —  His  Prominence  in  Local  Educational,  Of- 
ficial and  Social  Relations  —  Founding  of  the  Evanston  Hospital  — 
Doctors  ]\Iarcy,  Clapp  and  Fuller  —  Roll  of  the  Later  Physicians  and 
Surgeons    255-260 

CHAPTER  XXIX. 

EVANSTON  HOSPITAL. 
The  Evanston  Benevolent  Society  —  First  Steps  in  Founding  a  Hospital 
— Organization  is  Effected  in  189 1  —  First  Board  of  Officers  — 
Medical  Stafif  —  Fund  and  Building  Campaign  —  Enlargement  of 
the  Institution  Projected  —  Munificent  Gift  of  Mrs.  Cable  —  Other 
Donations  —  The  Endowment  Reaches  $50,000  —  Hospital  of  the 
Present  and  the  Future  —  Internal  Arrangement  and  Official  Ad- 
ministration —  List  of  Principal  Donors  — -  Present  Officers 261-274 

CHAPTER  XXX. 
LOCAL  MUSICAL  ORGANIZATIONS. 
Evanston  as  it  Existed  in  1856  —  Primitive  Church  Music  —  War  Songs 
—  A  Commencement  Concert  —  The    Hutchinson    Family  —  Jules 


Lumbard  —  O.  H.  Merwin  Becomes  a  Choir  Leader  —  Other 
Notable  Musicians  —  Evanston's  First  Musical  Club  —  Some  Fa- 
mous Teachers  and  Performers  —  Thomas  Concert  Class  Organized 
—  Mrs.  Edward  Wyman  —  Musical  Department  of  Evanston  Wo- 
man's Club  —  Women's  Clubs  as  a  Factor  in  Musical  Training  — 
Evanston  Musical  Club  —  Msennerchor  Organized  —  Programs  — 
Officers    ■ 275-287 


CHAPTER  XXXI. 
EVANSTON  BANKS. 

History  of  Evanston  Banking  Enterprises  —  Effect  of  the  Chicago  Fire — 
First  Private  Bank  Established  in  1874  —  Incorporated  as  a  State 
Bank  in  1892  —  First  Officers  of  the  New  Institution  —  Growth  of 
Deposits  —  It  Successfully  Withstands  the  Panic  of  1893  —  Pres- 
ent Officers  ( 1906)  —  A  First  National  Bank  \'enture  — ■  The  Panic 
of  1893  Results  in  Disaster  — ■  The  City  National  Bank  of  Evanston 
Established  in  1900  —  First  Officers  and  Leading  Stockholders  — 
Its  Prosperous  Career  —  Condition  in  1906 289-293 


CHAPTER  XXXII. 
EVANSTON  REAL  ESTATE. 

Primary  Geological  Conditions  —  Early  Roads  —  The  Indian  Trail  —  A 
Period  of  Growth  —  "The  Path  the  Calf  Made"  —  Influence  of 
the  University  —  Evanston  Over-boomed  —  Effect  of  the  Chicago 
Fire  —  Local  Real  Estate  Rivalries —  Notable  Residences  —  The  . 
Transportation  Problem  —  The  Park  System  —  Taxation  —  Ev- 
anston Homes  —  Real  Estate  Values    295-302 


CHAPTER  XXXIIL 
EVANSTON  ARCHITECTURE. 

Historic  Progress  —  Influence  of  the  Architect  on  the  City's  Growth  — 
The  "Georgian"  Style  Follows  the  Log  and  Grout  Houses  — 
Churches  and  Private  Residences — -Advent  of  the  Victorian  Gothic 
Style  —  University  Hall  and  Union  Park  Congregational  Church 
—  Architect  G.  P.  Randall  the  Designer  —  Asa  Lyons  Evanston's 
First  Resident  Architect  —  Others  who  followed  him  —  Descrip- 
tion of  Some  Notable  Buildings  and  their  Designers  —  Public  Li- 
brary —  Enumeration   of   Principal  Private  and  Public  Buildings..       303-309 


CHAPTER  XXXIV. 
STREET  NOMENCLATURE. 
Origin  of  Street  and  Avenue  Names  in  Evanston  —  Village  Platted  in 
1853  and  Named  for  Dr.  John  Evans  —  Postoffice  Previous- 
ly Known  as  Ridgeville,  and  Still  Earlier  as  Gross  Point  —  Ev- 
anston Postoffice  Established  in  1855  —  Street  Names  Derived 
from  Prominent  Methodists,  Early  Residents  or  Noted  Statesmen 
—  History  and  Biography  thus  Incorporated  in  Street  Nomencla- 
ture —  System  of  Street  and  Avenue  Numbering  —  List  of  Princi- 
pal Streets  and   Persons  for  \\niom  Named    311-316 

CHAPTER  XXXV. 
THE  FOUR-MILE  LIMIT. 
Act  Incorporating  Northwestern  L^niversity  Amended  —  Prohibition  Dis- 
trict Established  —  Sale  of  Spirituous  Liquors  Within  Four  Miles 
of  the  University  Prohibited  —  Local  Sentiment  in  Favor  of  the 
Law  —  Violations  and  Anti-Saloon  Litigation  —  Citizens'  League 
Organized  —  Supreme  Court  Decisions    317-321 

CHAPTER  XXXVI. 
HOMES  AND  HOME-MAKERS— 1846-1870. 
Some  of  the  Early  Homes  of  Evanston  —  IMen  and  Women  Who  Have 
Left  Their  Impress  on  the  City's  History  — ■  What  Evanston 
Owes  to  Its  Early  Home  Builders  —  Historic  Names  on  the  City 
Map  — •  Abraham  Lincoln  and  other  Distinguished  Visitors  — •  The 
Willard  and  Eggleston  Families  —  Notable  Workers  in  the  Field 
of  Religion,  Education,  Literature  and  the  Arts   323-339 

CHAPTER  XXXVII. 
EVANSTON  CHURCH  HISTORY. 
Early  Methodist  Services  in  Grosse  Point  District  —  First  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church  Organized  — •  Some  of  the  Pioneer  Preachers  — ■  Influ- 
ence of  the  Coming  of  Garrett  Biblical  Institute  and  Northwestern 
University  —  Notable  Ministers  of  a  Later  Date  —  Central  M.  E. 
Church  —  List  of  Pastors  —  Norwegian-Danish  and  Swedish  M.  E. 
Churches  —  Hemenway,  Wheadon  and  Emmanuel  Churches  — 
First  Baptist  Church  —  Its  Founders  and  List  of  Pastors  — •  History 
of  Presbyterianism  —  First  and  Second  Presbyterian  Churches  — 
Pastors  and  Auxiliary  Societies  —  St.  Mark's  Episcopal  Church 
— List  of  Pastors  —  St.  Matthews  Alission  —  St.  Mary's  Catholic 
Church,  Schools  and  Related  Associations — Congregational   Church 


and  Auxiliary  Organizations  —  Bethlehem  German  Evangelical, 
Norwegian-Danish  and  Swedish  Lutheran  Churches  —  Evanston 
Christian  Church  and  Its  History  —  Church  of  Christ  (Scientist)..       341-389 

CHAPTER  XXXVni. 
YOUNG  MEN'S  CHRISTIAN  ASSOCIATION. 
Evanston  Young   Men's  Christian  Association  —  Organization  Effected  in 
1885  —  First  Board  of  Officers  —  General     History   — ■   Association 
Building   Erected   and   Dedicated   in  1898  —  Gymnasium  and  Nata- 
torium   Constructed  —  List  of   Former  and  Present  Officers 391-393 

CHAPTER  XXXIX. 
WOMAN'S  CHRISTIAN  TEMPERANCE  UNIONS. 
Women's  Temperance  Alliance  —  Evanston  Woman's  Christian  Temper- 
ance LTnion  Organized  in  1875  —  Working  Departments  —  Enforce- 
ment of  Four-Mile  Limit  Law  —  Industrial  School  —  Children's 
Organization  —  Loyal  Temperance  Legion  and  Gospel  Temper- 
ance Meetings  —  Miss  Frances  E.  Willard  and  Other  Noted 
Leaders  —  Manual  Training  School — The  Evanston  W.  C.  T.  \J. — • 
Reiley  and  South  Evanston  Unions  —  Young  Woman's  Organiza- 
tion           395-404 

CHAPTER  XL. 
CHARITABLE  ASSOCIATIONS. 
Evanston  Benevolent  Society  Organized  —  Names  of  Its  Founders  and 
First  Officers  —  Hospital  Projected  — ■  New  Society  Takes  the 
Name  "Associated  Charities"  —  Auxiliary  Organizations  —  Moth- 
ers' Sewing  School  — •  St.  Vincent  de  Paul  Society — Needle  Work 
Guild  —  Mothers'  Club  —  Visiting  Nurse  Association  —  King's 
Daughters  —  Camp  Good  Will  —  Its  Service  in  Behalf  of  Poor 
Mothers  and  Children  —  Receipts  and    E.xpenditures 405-423 

CHAPTER  XLI. 
SOCIAL  LIFE  IN  A  UNR'ERSITY  TOWN. 
Transitions  of  a  Half  Century  —  Social  Life  as  It  Existed  in  Early  Days 
—  The  Building  up  of  a  Great  Christian  Institution  as  Its 
Dominant  Motive  —  Reminiscences  of  Some  of  Its  Early  Factors 
— Influence  of  Hospitality  on  Student  Life  and  Character — Some  of 
Those  Who  Were  Influential  in  Establishing  E\anston's  Reputa- 
tion as  a  Hospitable  Center 425-431 


CHAPTER  XLII. 
SOCIAL  AND  LITERARY  CLUBS. 
A  Reminiscence  of  Noah's  Ark  —  Social  Instincts  of  Evanstonians  — 
Philosophical  Association  —  Its  Founders  and  Their  Favorite  Top- 
ics —  The  "O.  R.  Circle"  Blossoms  Out  as  the  "Legensia" — -  Bry- 
ant Circle  —  Pierian  Club  —  Woman's  Clubs  —  The  Fortnightly 
Succeeds  the  "Woman's  Reading  Circle" — ■  Its  Service  in  the  Field 
of  Charity  and  Philanthropy  —  The  Coterie  —  Twentieth  Century 
and  Present  Day  Clubs 433-442 

CHAPTER  XLIII. 
THE  EVANSTON  WOMAN'S  CLUB. 
Origin  of  Evanston  Woman's  Club  —  Julia  Ward  Howe's  Advice  —  Or- 
ganization and  First  Officers  —  Chib  Programs  —  Auxiliary  Or- 
ganizations —  Work  of  the  Traveling  Library  Committee  —  Field 
Day  at  Lake  Geneva  —  Object  of  tlie  Club  Defined  in  Its  Constitu- 
tion —  Club   Motto 1 13-1 17 

CHAPTER   XLIV. 
THE  EVANSTON  CLUB. 
Promoters  and  Organizers  of  "The  Greenwood    Club"  —  First    Members 
and   Officers  —   Name   Changed   to  "The  Evanston  Club"  —  Club 
Building  Erected  —  First  Reception — Changes     in    By-Laws    and 
Membership  —  Value  of  Club  Property  —  List  of  Officers 449-452 

CHAPTER   XLV. 
EVANSTON  COUNTRY  CLUB. 
First   Steps  and  ^lotives   Prompting  Organization  —  Names  of  Projectors 
— ■  Organization  Effected  in  May,  1888  —  The  New  Club  Finds  a 
Home  —  Memories  of  the  "Old  Shelter"  and  Its  First  Occupants 
■ —  The  Club  Formally  Incorporated  —  First  Board  of  Directors  — 
New  Quarters  Dedicated  in  October,    1902   —   New   Year's   Recep- 
tions and  Children's  Day  Chief  Functions  —  Lady  Directors  —  Pro- 
motion   of    Branch    Associations  —  Dramatic,     Cycling,     Musical, 
Equestrian  and  Polo  Branches  —  Banjo  and  Mandolin  Association 
—  Former  and   Present  Officers  —  Present     Membership    800   — ■ 
-  List  of  Life  Members 453-4^11 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


Ahlberg,   August    630 

Anderson,   Frank   Herbert    579 

Andrews,  Wilbur  J 643 

Anthony,    Elliott    500 

Balderston,  Stephen  V 621 

Banks,   Alexander   F 620 

Barker,  John  T 635 

Barlow,  Charles  W 590 

Barnes,  James  Milton   580 

Bass,   Myron   H 584 

Bassett,  Asahel  0 592 

Bassett,  Jared   497 

Bates,    Thomas    615 

Beebe,  Thomas  H 623 

Black,  Carl  Ellsworth   595 

Blake   Edgar  Ovet    599 

Boltwood,    Henry   Leonidas    540 

Boring,  Ezra  March  641 

Borton,  Frank   Lynn    608 

Boutelle,  Joshua  P 517 

Bragdon,   Charles   C 606 

Bragdon,    Merritt   C 510 

Brainard,  William   Newell    596 

Brayton,  Sarah  H 580 

Bristol,  Lewis  Tabor 632 

Brown,  Andrew  J 565 

Brown,  Walter  Lee   640 

Brown  William  Liston    543 

Browne,  Vernelle  Freeland   633 

Buntain,  Cassius  M.  C 611 

Burns,  Peter  Thomas    613 

Butler,    Henry    634 

Byrne,  John  G 624 

Calligan,  John  Brenton  610 

Camden,  William  J 614 


Canfield,    William    J 51!) 

Carney,   John    609 

Carpenter,   William   Montelle    585 

Carson,  Oliver  M 519 

Catlin,   Franklin  Sexton    606 

Cermak,  Jerome  J 645 

Clark,    Alexander    495 

Coe,  George  Albert   576 

Coe,   Sadie   Knowland    576 

Comstock,   Charles    484 

Condict,   Wallace    Reynolds    518 

Grain,    Charles    528 

Cummings,    Joseph     489 

Cumnock,  Robert  McLean  530 

Currey,  Josiah  Seymour   530 

Damsel,   William    Hudson    627 

Davis,  Nathan  Smith,  Jr 603 

Dawes,    Charles    Gates    509 

Deering,  William  483 

Dixon,   George  William    617 

Dodds,    Robert    611 

Dyche,  David  R 608 

Elliot,  Frank  M 563 

Elting,  Philip  E 646 

Eversz,  Ernest  Hammond   643 

Farwell,   Simeon    507 

Filer,    Alanson     583 

Flinn,   John   J 625 

Follansbee,   Mitchell   Davis    627 

Forrey,   Frank   Myer    626 

Foster,  John  J 537 

Foster,  Volney  W 503 

Fox,   George   Thomas    645 


Gallup,  Walter  L 5S9 

Garland,  James  A 618 

Gerould,   Frank  Wlieelock    629 

Gibson,  John  W 636 

Goocli,  George  E C36 

Greene,  Benjamin  Allen    5G3 

Griswold,   William   Morse    585 

Grover,   Aldin  J 525 

Grover,   Frank   Reed    526 

Hall,    Winfield    Scott    591 

Hamline,   John    H 553 

Hamline,  Leonidas   P 553 

Harbert,  Elizabeth  Boynton   559 

Harbert,  William  S 558 

Helm,  Walter  B 647 

Hemenway,   Henry  B 564 

Hempstead,    Edward    616 

Herben,   Stephen  Joseph    546 

Herdien,   Elmer  Forrest    633 

Herdien,    Walter   Lanrance    633 

Hinsdale,    Henry   W 623 

Hitt,   Isaac   R.,  Jr 594 

Hoag,    Thomas    C 555 

Hoag,  William  Gale   556 

Hoffman,   John   Raymond    650 

Holmes,   Raynor   Elmore    015 

Hoover,   Judson   Wilkes    -. 617 

Hotch,  Louis   Grant    646 

Hungate,   John   H 58S 

Hnrd,   Harvey   B 474 

Ide,   George   Osman    628 

Isbester,  Tunis    537 

Jcnks,   Chancellor  -Livingston    486 

Johnson,  Richard  R 618 

Tones,   Albert   R 550 

Jnnes,   William    Hugh    508 

Kedzie,  John  Hume   488 

Kimball,   Dorr  Augustine   573 

Kingsley,   Homer   Hitchcock    540 

Kirk,  John  B 506 

Kirkbride,  Charles  Xeville   617 

Kline,  Charles  Gaffield   536 


Kline,  George  Roniyne .^  . . . .  535 

Kline,  Simon  Veder  535 

Knight,   Newell   Clark    549 

Lake,    Richard    Conover    570 

Learned,    Edward   W 571 

Leonhardt,    Susan    631 

Lindsay,   Wary  Boyd    599 

Little,    Arthur    W 544 

Loba,  Jean  Frederic 557 

Logan,  Charles  Lyford   645 

Loomis,   Mason   B 588 

Lorimer.  Joseph  M 582 

Limt,    Orrington    463 

Lutkin,    Peter   Christian    566 

Lyons,  Joseph   McGee    539 

Mann,  Oscar  H 573 

Marcy,   Elizabeth    Eunice    604 

Mark,    Anson    543 

Ma.vo,  Charles  H 614 

Maxson,    Orrin   T 629 

McCallin,  Sidney  G 646 

McCleary,    Wilbur    Wallace    587 

Merrick,  George  Peck   547 

Meyer,  Sidney  Bachrach   535 

Miller,  Humphrys  H.  C 521 

Moore,  George  Henry   638 

Murphy,   Edward  J 638 

Murphy,  John   C 637 

Nesbitt,   George   W 648 

Nichols,  Roscoe  Townley   613 

Oldberg,    Prof.    Oscar    596   ■ 

Parkes,   William   Beckley    030 

Persons,  Albert  D 647 

Piper,  Charles  Edward    644 

Pitner,    Levi    Carroll    511 

Plummer,  Samuel  Craig   646 

Poole,   Charles   Clarence    639 

Poppenhusen,  Conrad  Herman   534 

Raddin,    Charles    S 639 

Raymond,   Frederick   D 516 


Rayniond,  James  Henry   601 

Raymond,    Miner     513 

Remy,    Curtis    H 554 

Richards,  Charles  L 614 

Ridgaway,   Henry  Bascom    498 

Sargent,  George  Myrick    49S 

Schwall,  Andrew   538 

Sheppard,  Robert  Dickinson    477 

Shutterly,    Eugene    E 601 

Shutterly,  John  Jay   600 

Smith,  Amos  A.  L 618 

Smyth,    Hugh    P 004 

Solenberger,   Amos   R 049 

Spencer,   Claudius   B 555 

Stevens,  William  Leon    648 

Stockton,    William    Eichbaun    527 

StowT  Nelson  Lloyd   550 

Stringfield,  C.   Pruyn    619 

Sweet,    Alanson    577 

Synnestvedt,    Paul     048 

Tallmadge,  Lewis  Cass   574 

Terrv,  Milton   S 545 


Townsend,    Adam    Fries     520 

Trowbridge,    Lucius    A 572 

Tuttle,   Ole   Hansen    649 

Van  Arsdale,  John  R 572 

Voje,  John  H 590 

Volz,  George  P.  K 641 

Walcott,  Chester   P 568 

Waldberg,    Benjamin    649 

Walworth,    Nathan    H 568 

Watson,  Thomas  H 593 

Way,    Charles   Lyman    581 

Webster,  Edward  H 641 

White,    Hugh    Alexander     485 

Whitefield,  George  W 607 

Willard,    Frances    E 478 

Williams,   John   Marshall    522 

Winslow,  Rollin  Curtis   627 

Woodbridge,  John   R 598 

Work,  Joseph  Waters    631 

Young,    Aaron    Nelson    548 

Zipperman,    Solomon    W 613 


ILLUSTRATIONS 


City   Hall    174 

Evanston    Hospital    262 

First  Methodist  Episcopal  Cluirch   342 

Gross   Point   Lighthouse    182 

Hurd,  Harvey  B 15 

Map — City  of   Evanston    Facing  Title   Page. 

Map— Ridgeville  Township,  1851   178 

Northwestern   Female   College    80 

Orrington  Lunt  Library    234 

Orrington   Lunt  Library   ( Floor  Plans) 234 

Pool  on  the  Campus  68 

President  Roosevelt's  Visit    94 

South   End  of  the   Campus    62 

The  Old  Oak    74 

University   Hall    54 

Willard,  Frances  E 394 

Y.  M.  C.  A.  Building 392 


CHAPTKR    I. 


HISTORY    OF    EVANSTON 


INTRODUCTORY. 


The  Evanston  of  igo5 — Gem  Suburb  of  a 
Great  Metropolis  and  Seat  of  Learning — 
Results  Accomplished  by  Fifty  Years 
of  Development — Contrast  Betzveen  Past 
and  Present — First  Tozvnship  Organiza- 
tion Under  Name  of  Ridgeville — Evans- 
ton  Township  Organised  in  185/ — The 
Village  Platted  in  1854 — Later  Changes 
in  Tozvnship  and  Municipal  Organisation 
— Old  Name  of  Ridgeville  Tozvnship  Re- 
sumed in  190J,  zvith  Boundaries  Identical 
zvith  City  of  Evanston — Garrett  Biblical 
Institute  Precedes  the  University — City 
Government  Organized  in  i8g2 — Early 
Evanston  Homes  and  Their  Occupants — 
Advent  of  the  First  Railroad — The  Ca- 
reer of  Dr.  John  Evans. 

The  Evanston  of  1905  is  justification  of 
an  effort  to  unfold  the  story  of  its  planting 
and  its  development.  Gem  of  suburbs  as  it 
is,  lying  contiguous  to  the  greatest  of  west- 
ern cities  and  the  home  of  many  of  its 
most  active  men  of  affairs,  it  also  occupies 
a  commanding  position  as  a  seat  of  intel- 
ligence and  learning.  It  has  crowded  into 
its  short  career  so  much  of  human  interest, 
it  has  been  the  source  of  so  many  wide 
spreading   and   helpful   influences,   it  is   so 


endeared  to  the  people  who  have  found  in  it 
a  home,  that  the  narration  of  its  fifty  years 
of  progress  must  be  told.  Like  many  an- 
other American  city  closely  associated  with 
a  metropolis,  it  has  attained  its  present 
proud  position  within  the  memory  of  men 
now  living,  among  whom  is  included  the 
general  editor  of  the  present  work.  It  pos- 
sesses no  ruins  and  no  ivy-covered  walls. 
Its  oldest  buildings  bear  the  marks  of  re- 
cent construction,  and  its  well  paved  streets 
have  but  lately  passed  from  the  hands  of 
the  contractor.  Unlike  some  of  the  his- 
toric towns  of  the  United  States,  whose 
history  has  been  written  covering  two  cen- 
turies or  more,  and  which  reflect  the  growth 
and  history  of  the  American  people,  this 
tidy  suburban  town  has  developed  quickly 
within  itself  all  the  forces  that  make  up  our 
active,  advanced  American  life,  of  schools 
and  churches,  of  clubs  and  cabals ;  in  re- 
ligion, society,  politics,  philanthropy  and 
pleasure  it  is  an  epitome  of  distinctly  mod- 
ern progress.  Numerous  helpful  hands  have 
been  employed  to  draw  the  composite  pic- 
ture that  is  meant  to  convey  a  lasting  im- 
pression of  the  facts  and  forces  that  make 
up  the  idea  of  Evanston,  and  placing  them 
side   by   side,    or   mingling   them    in   one's 


i6 


INTRODUCTORY 


thought,  we  have  the  resultant  of  as  wide- 
awake, up-to-date,  eager,  intelligent,  inter- 
esting and  hopeful  a  community  of  men, 
women  and  youth  as  the  world  can  furnish. 

Perhaps  you  have  at  some  time  paused 
to  listen  to  the  mingled  din  of  a  great  city 
and,  with  a  quick  ear,  analyzed  the  indi- 
vidual sounds  that  make  up  the  hum  of  the 
city's  life.  That  task  has  been  ours.  The 
hum  is  well  nigh  deafening  to  the  ear, 
sensitized  by  attention  even  in  a  town  which 
boasts  few  noises  of  factories  or  traffic. 
But  its  hum  is  not  less  real,  of  activities 
which  employ  the  finer  faculties  of  men  and 
women.  It  will  be  told  otherwheres  how 
the  particular  region  that  now  bears  the 
name  of  Evanston  came  to  be  selected  as 
the  site  of  a  college  town.  Delving  into 
the  political  conditions  that  antedate  the 
modern  city,  we  find  that  Cook  County,  111., 
in  which  Evanston  is  located,  was,  previous 
to  1849,  under  what  is  known  in  this  State 
as  County  Government ;  that  is,  the  county 
affairs  were  managed  by  a  Board  of  Com- 
missioners, who  supervised  the  community 
business  of  the  neighborhoods  that  had  not 
yet  emerged  into  local  government.  Many 
of  these  were  designated  by  a  name  which 
might  later  attach  to  a  township,  but  there 
was  no  township  government,  though  there 
were  townships  indicated  in  the  United 
States  Survey,  and  designated  by  numbers, 
which  were  used  before  1849,  and  have 
been  since  used  in  connection  with  school 
purposes,  as  illustrating  this  condition. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  the  records 
of  Township  41 — in  which  Evanston  is 
located — now  in  possession  of  the  Evanston 
Historical  Society,  were  begun  in  1846, 
and  that  they  record  the  election  of  Town- 
ship Trustees  for  school  purposes  four 
years  before  the  first  election  of  officers  of 
the  town  of  Ridgeville,  which  included 
Evanston ;  and,  as  throwing  a  little  light 
upon    the    onerous    duties    of    these    early 


Trustees,  we  read  from  the  minutes  of  their 
third  meeting,  held  May  20,  1846,  at  the 
Ridge  Road  House:  "It  was  ordered  that 
wc  proceed  to  hire  Miss  Cornelia  Wheadon 
to  teach  our  school  the  present  season,  at 
one  dollar  and  twenty-five  cents  a  week. 
Also,  it  was  ordered  that  the  school  house 
should  be  repaired  as  soon  as  possible,  and 
furnished  with  a  water-pail  and  dipper." 

Evidently  Township  41  had  enjoyed  the 
blessing  of  a  school  house  long  enough  for 
it  to  get  out  of  repair,  probably  under  the 
regime  of  County  Commissioners.  In  the 
Code  of  By-Laws  of  the  School  Trustees, 
it  was  provided  that,  in  case  a  patron  of 
the  school  refused,  or  was  not  in  position 
at  the  appointed  time,  to  receive  the  teacher 
the  required  number  of  days,  the  teacher 
should  select  his  or  her  own  boarding  place, 
and  the  board  bill  should  be  taxed  with 
such  patron's  tuition  bill.  From  such  germs 
has  Evanston's  splendid  school  system  de- 
veloped. 

Township  Organization. — By  the  Con- 
stitution of  1848  the  Legislature  was  re- 
quired to  provide  by  general  law  for  town- 
ship organization,  which  it  did  by  Act  of 
February  12,  1849.  By  this  act  the  people 
were  permitted  to  divide  their  counties  into 
towns  or  townships,  which  were  to  conform 
as  nearly  as  might  be  with  the  congressional 
townships.  Commissioners  were  appointed 
for  the  purpose  of  dividing  the  covmty,  and 
the  people  were  permitted  to  select  the 
names  of  the  townships.  When  they  could 
not  agree,  the  Commissioners  were  author- 
ized to  select  the  names  for  them.  The 
people  of  fractional  Town  41  North,  Range 
14  East,  chose  the  name  of  Ridgeville.  This 
continued  to  be  the  name  of  the  town  until 
by  act  of  the  Legislature  of  February  15, 
1857,  it  was  changed  to  Evanston,  and  the 
township  was  enlarged  by  the  addition  of 
a  tier  of  sections  taken  from  Niles  Town- 
ship on  the  west  and  the  Archange  Reser- 


HISTORY   OF    BVANSTON 


17 


vation  and  several  sections  in  Township  42, 
taken  from  New  Trier  on  the  north.  The 
language  of  the  act  reads:  "The  name  of 
Ridgeville  shall  be  changed  to  Evanston, 
and  the  Town  of  Evanston  shall  comprise 
all  of  fractional  Township  41  North,  Range 
14  East,  Sections  12,  13,  24,  25  and  36, 
Township  41  North,  Range  13  East,  the 
Archange  Reservation  and  fractional  Sec- 
tions 22,  26  and  2"},  Township  42  North, 
Range  14  East,  and  the  same  shall  form  and 
constitute  a  township  for  school  purposes 
and  be  known  as  Town  41  North,  Range 
14  East." 

Dreary  reading — perhaps,  dry  as  dust — 
but  thrilling  none  the  less,  because  it  is  the 
record  of  a  creative  act  of  great  importance. 
Under  an  enabling  act,  approved  May  23, 
1877,  and  amended  May  15,  1903,  the  ter- 
ritory embraced  within  the  present  limits 
of  the  city  of  Evanston  has  been  formed 
into  a  township  under  the  old  name  of 
Ridgeville,  which  makes  the  boundaries  of 
the  city  and  the  new  township  identical  and 
in  effect  consolidates  the  township  and  city 
governments.  The  new  township  as  now 
constituted  embraces  what  previously 
formed  the  southern  part  of  New  Trier 
Township  and  a  small  section  from  the 
northeast  corner  of  Niles  Township.  The 
remainder  of  the  former  Township  of 
Evanston  now  constitutes  the  northern  por- 
tion of  the  City  of  Chicago,  with  a  small 
section  south  of  the  Chicago  city  limits  and 
west  of  the  southern  portion  of  Evanston, 
these  two  sections  remaining  under  the  old 
name  of  Evanston  Township,  though  not 
embracing  any  part  of  the  city  of  that 
name. 

Village  and  City  Organization. — Such 
are  Evanston's  present  geographical  and 
political  relations  to  the  county  and  the 
State.  Under  the  loose  system  of  county 
and  township  government  it  subsisted  till 
1863.     It  had  been  platted  as  a  town  in 


1854,  and  outstripping  all  other  sections 
of  the  township,  and  taking  on  exclusive- 
ness  and  individuality,  it  demanded  a  nar- 
rower and  more  intensive  government  of 
its  platted  territory.  The  agitation  cul- 
minated in  a  meeting  of  voters  on  De- 
cember 29,  1863,  when  it  was  decided,  in 
accordance  with  the  law  on  the  subject,  to 
organize  an  incorporated  town,  and  the 
decision  was  consummated  by  the  election 
of  five  Trustees,  January  6,  1864.  The  new 
town  was  bounded  by  Lake  Michigan  on 
the  east,  Wesley  Avenue  on  the  west,  Crain 
and  Hamilton  Streets  on  the  south,  and 
Foster  Street  on  the  north.  In  1869  a 
special  act  of  the  Legislature  permitted  the 
incorporation  of  the  City  of  Evanston,  but 
content  with  their  simple  form  of  gov- 
ernment, the  citizens  decided  against  its 
adoption  by  a  vote  of  197  to  82.  Yet  with- 
in three  years  they  organized  under  the 
Act  of  1872  for  Cities  and  Villages,  but 
continued  their  village  form  of  government 
by  Trustees  selected  from  the  village  at 
large  instead  of  by  Aldermen  from  wards, 
with  a  Village  President  instead  of  Mayor. 
In  1872  new  territory  was  annexed  to  the 
town  on  petition  of  property  owners  of 
the  district  lying  north  of  Foster  Street 
and  east  of  Wesley  and  Asbury  Avenues, 
and  extending  to  the  present  limits  of  the 
city.  On  October  19,  1872,  village  or- 
ganization was  adopted  under  the  general 
City  and  Village  Incorporation  Act  of 
April  10,  1872,  and  the  first  village  election 
took  place  April  15,  1873.  Further  in- 
crease of  territory  was  made  January  7, 
1873,  by  the  annexation,  on  petition,  of  the 
region  bounded  on  the  north  by  Grant 
Street,  on  the  south  by  Church  and  Foster 
Streets,  on  the  east  by  Wesley  and  Asbury 
Avenues,  and  on  the  west  by  Dodge  Street. 
Then  followed,  during  the  same  month, 
the  accession  of  the  region  bounded  on 
the   north  by  Grant  and   Simpson   Streets, 


i8 


INTRODUCTORY 


on  the  south  by  Church  Street,  on  the  east 
by  Dodge  Street,  and  on  the  west  by  Hart- 
rey  .and  McDaniel  Avenues.  April  21, 
1874,  the  Village  of  North  Evanston  suc- 
cumbed to  the  acquisitive  mood  of  its  larger 
neighbor,  and,  in  September  of  the  same 
year,  the  territory  lying  between  Hamilton 
and  Greenleaf  Streets,  with  the  lake  on 
the  east  and  Chicago  Avenue  on  the  west, 
was  included  by  petition.  In  April,  1886, 
the  territory  bounded  by  Church  Street, 
Wesley  Avenue,  Grain  Street  and  McDaniel 
Avenue,  was  likewise  annexed  on  petition. 
Finally,  on  February  20,  1892,  the  important 
question  of  the  annexation  of  South  Evan- 
ston was  submitted  to  the  vote  of  both  vil- 
lages and  approved  by  a  small  majority. 

Thus  the  chapter  of  territorial  expansion 
for  EvansTon  was  closed  for  the  time  be- 
ing. It  had  now  outgrown  the  swaddling 
clothes  of  village  government  and  de- 
manded the  habiliments  of  a  city.  The 
question  of  the  adoption  of  city  organiza- 
tion was  submitted  to  the  people  on  March 
29,  1892,  and  was  adopted  by  a  vote  of  784 
to  26.  The  first  city  election  took  place 
April  19,  1892,  when  Dr.  Oscar  H.  Mann 
became  the  first  Mayor  of  the  city. 

Physical  Characteristics. — The  physical 
characteristics  of  Evanston  have  changed 
but  little  in  the  progress  of  the  years.  Its 
main  features,  north  and  south,  were  the 
Lake  Shore  on  the  east,  more  wooded  than 
now,  with  two  ridges,  one  called  the  East 
Ridge,  comprising  the  land  purchased  by 
the  University,  and  the  other  the  West 
Ridge,  comprising  the  lands  of  Brown  and 
Hurd,  which  were  a  part  of  the  first  town- 
plat.  The  latter  ridge  was  some  forty-five 
feet  above  the  lake  level.  Between  the 
ridges  was  a  level  valley,  receptacle  of  the 
drainage  of  the  ridges,  often  giving  the 
impression  of  a  swamp,  but  easily  suscept- 
ible of  being  drained  to  the  north  or  by 
ditches  to  the  Lake.     The  trend  of  these 


ridges  constrained  the  surveyors  in  the 
platting  of  the  town,  so  that  the  streets 
running  north  and  south  paralleled  the 
ridge  roads,  and  the  east  and  west  bound 
streets  crossed  the  former  at  right  angles. 
The  original  plat  comprised  three  hundred 
and  fifty  acres,  purchased  by  the  Trustees 
of  the  University  from  John  H.  Foster,  in 
1853,  and  nearly  two  hundred  and  fifty 
acres,  purchased  about  the  same  time,  by 
Andrew  J.  Brown  and  Harvey  B.  Hurd, 
from  James  Carney.  The  tract  was  well 
wooded,  especially  along  the  shore  of  the 
Lake,  chiefly  with  oaks,  some  few  of  which 
remain  to  give  a  hint  of  the  noble  forest  of 
which  they  formed  a  part.  The  plat,  which 
perished  in  the  Chicago  fire,  bore  the  names 
of  streets  that  kept  fresh  in  memory  some 
of  the  active  spirits  vi^ho  were  associated 
with  the  early  days  of  the  enterprise,  such 
as  Dempster,  Hinman,  Judson,  Benson, 
Sherman,  Davis,  Orrington  and  Clark ; 
while  to  the  west,  such  names  of  streets  as 
Oak,  Maple  Grove  and  Ridge  were  a 
tribute  to  the  conditions  that  then  pre- 
vailed, and  help  the  late-comers  to  picture 
the  leafy  shade,  overlooked  by  the  old-time 
thoroughfare  that  crowned  the  ridge ;  and 
still  farther  west,  Wesley  and  Asbury 
Avenues  flanked  the  town,  testifying  to 
the  loyal  Methodism  of  the  settlers  who 
dwelt  within  it. 

The  Town  Platted. — The  purchases  of 
the  land  were  made  in  1853,  and,  during 
that  year,  the  town  was  staked  out  and 
streets  thrown  up,  but  the  plat  was  not 
acknowledged  till  1854,  in  which  year  a 
number  of  lots  were  sold,  houses  built  and 
families  settled.  The  plat  made  by  the 
Northwestern  University  provided  gener- 
ously, in  its  portion  of  the  town,  for  public 
parks  such  as  now  beautify  the  town.  The 
streets  were  spacious,  and  a  constituency 
was  appealed  to  such  as  might  be  attracted 
to   an   educational   center.     This   was   the 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


19 


chief  magnet.  The  idea  of  the  suburban 
residence  had  not  yet  emerged.  The  fam- 
ilies who  came  were  chiefly  those  that 
were  attracted  by  the  idea  of  residence  in  a 
college  town.  Garrett  Biblical  Institute 
preceded  the  University  on  university 
ground,  and  John  Dempster,  at  Old  Demp- 
ster Hall,  realized  to  the  early  students  of 
the  Institute,  as  Mark  Hopkins  did  to  the 
students  of  Williams  College,  how  a  very 
few  facilities  in  the  hands  of  such  a  master 
will  serve  to  develop  the  minds  and  hearts 
of  men  eager  for  an  education.  Obadiah 
Huse  early  ministered  to  the  physical  wants 
of  students  at  Dempster  Hall  in  such  man- 
ner that  their  slender  purses  might  provide 
for  a  not  too  luxurious  existence.  Philo 
Judson  was  the  advance  guard  of  the  Uni- 
versity, selling  lots,  vending  scholarships, 
drumming  up  settlers  and  promoting  the 
town.  Hurd,  Brown,  Beveridge,  Pearsons, 
Judson,  Evans,  Clifford  and  Ludlam  were 
among  the  people  who  picked  their  way 
over  the  newly  made  thoroughfares  of  the 
new  town  to  their  new  homes,  with  wet  and 
muddy  feet  ofttimes,  during  the  years  1854 
and  1855.  And,  until  the  summer  of  1855, 
if  they  went  to  Chicago,  they  must  do  so 
by  their  own  private  conveyance.  They 
were  sturdy  people ;  practical,  religious, 
neighborly,  genuine  pioneers  who  could 
curry  a  horse,  build  a  house,  lead  a  class- 
meeting  and  finance  a  town  and  two  in- 
stitutions of  learning.  On  the  West  Ridge 
Road  lived  the  Huntoons,  the  Grains  and 
the  McDaniels  and  Carneys,  the  Pratts  and 
the  Garfields,  antedating  the  town.  The 
home  of  John  L.  Beveridge  was  on  Chicago 
Avenue,  near  Clark  Street;  of  John  A. 
Pearsons  on  Grove  Street,  near  Chicago 
Avenue ;  of  Philo  Judson  at  Ridge  Avenue 
and  Davis  Street;  of  Judge  H.  B.  Hurd 
in  the  same  vicinity ;  of  G.  W.  Reynolds 
where  the  Avenue  House  now  stands ;  and 
Dempster  Hall  and  the  home  of  Dr.  John 


Dempster  on  the  Lake  Shore  Siorth  of 
Simpson  Street.  The  Snyders  home  was 
on  Chicago  Avenue,  near  Dempster  Street. 

These  were  the  scattered  centers  of  life 
in  the  ambitious  hamlet.  They  were  soon 
reinforced  by  the  families  of  the  Professors 
of  the  University  and  Institute,  and  such 
families  as  the  Willards,  from  which  was 
destined  to  proceed  that  bright  and  shining 
light  in  philanthropy  and  temperance  re- 
form, Frances  E.  Willard,  probably  the  best 
known  product  of  Evanston  life,  its  his- 
torian in  "A  Classic  Town,"  an  orator  and 
writer  of  rare  power.  George  F.  Foster  soon 
took  up  his  home  on  Chicago  Avenue  near 
Church  Street — a  shouting  Methodist  and 
social  to  his  finger  tips,  whose  house  was 
a  seat  of  hospitality  and  elegance.  George 
W.  Reynolds  was  on  Davis  Street,  near  to 
the  corner  of  Chicago  Avenue,  on  which 
corner  the  Reynolds  House,  still  a  part  of 
the  Avenue  House,  was  built.  We  take  ex- 
ception to  him  as  a  builder,  for  on  one  occa- 
sion at  a  caucus,  or  neighborhood  meeting, 
the  floor  of  his  house  suddenly  collapsed, 
precipitating  the  company  into  the  cellar, 
and  the  same  performance  was  re-enacted 
at  the  house  of  George  F.  Foster,  also  built 
by  Mr.  Reynolds.  There  was  no  "Index" 
or  "Press"  in  those  days  to  note  these 
happenings,  but  the  survivors  tell  the  tale 
with  more  laughter  than  they  then  ex- 
perienced. 

Church  Street  took  its  name  from  the 
donated  site  of  what  was  to  be  the  Cathedral 
Church  of  the  town,  the  center  of  the  relig- 
ious and  social  life  of  this  God-fearing  com- 
munity, chiefly  of  the  Methodist  persuasion, 
but  broad-minded  enough  to  welcome  those 
of  other  communions  in  their  worship,  and 
disposed,  when  the  time  of  separation 
should  come,  to  give  them  a  site  on  which  to 
raise  their  own  roof-tree,  as  the  title  deeds 
from  the  University  to  Trustees  of  the  older 
churches  of  Evanston  will  testify — consid- 


20 


INTRODUCTORY 


eration  one  dollar  and  other  valuable  bene- 
fits, such  as  good  will  and  gladness  at  their 
coming,  their  loyalty  and  their  prosperity. 

Advent  of  the  First  Railroad. — The 
Chicago  and  Milwaukee  Railroad  was  be- 
ing located  in  1853,  and  the  Trustees  of  the 
University,  by  resolution  of  October  26, 
1853,  requested  the  company  to  locate  their 
road  through  the  land  of  the  University  so 
as  to  strike  the  center,  or  within  thirty-five 
rods  south  of  the  center  of  Section  19  of 
Township  41  North,  Range  18,  and  ofifer- 
ing  to  donate  the  right  of  way  and  one  acre 
of  land  for  a  depot,  providing  the  railroad 
company  would  make  such  location  and 
agree  not  to  allow  any  establishment  for 
the  sale  of  liquor  or  gambling  houses,  or 
other  nuisance,  to  be  placed  on  such  right 
of  way  or  depot  ground.  March  28,  1854, 
the  Trustees  passed  another  resolution  re- 
questing the  railroad  company  to  locate  its 
station  on  a  line  west  of  Davis  Street — 
which  terminated  at  Sherman  Avenue — on 
a  small  ridge  on  the  Carney  farm,  or  as 
near  as  may  be  expedient  in  the  judgment 
of  the  agent,  providing  the  owner  of  the 
Carney  farm  lay  oflf  suitable  streets  for  the 
same.  Mr.  A.  J.  Brown,  who  held  the  title 
of  the  Carney  tract  for  himself  and  others, 
conveyed  the  right  of  way  and  depot  ground 
to  the  railroad  company  about  the  date  of 
the  resolution  referred  to,  and  it  appears  on 
the  plat  of  the  town.  It  was  not,  however, 
till  the  summer  of  1855  that  trains  began 
running  through  the  town.  Two  through 
trains  and  one  accommodation  train  were 
all  the  facilities  that  were  offered.  Evan- 
ston  seldom  filled  the  single  passenger  car 
of  the  accommodation  (or  "Waukegan") 
train,  as  it  was  most  familiarly  known, 
and  the  grumbling  railroad  authorities 
threatened  to  take  oflf  the  train,  declaring 
that  it  did  not  pay  and  gave  no  promise 


of  ever  paying.  But  they  took  it  out  in 
grumbling.  It  did  pay,  and  was  destined  to 
be  their  best  paying  piece  of  road  through 
its  suburban  traffic,  as  a  prosperous  com- 
munity grew  around  the  cheerful,  hos- 
pitable nucleus  that  had  grouped  itself  near 
to  the  Northwestern  University  and  Garrett 
Biblical  Institute. 

Such,  are  some  of  Evanston's  beginnings 
with  which  we  introduce  the  reader  to  the 
more  elaborate  story,  as  told  in  detail  by 
those  familiar  with  it.  One  word  more  we 
cannot  refrain  from  saying  concerning  Dr. 
John  Evans,  the  man  whose  chief  monument 
(though  he  has  many  others)  is  the 
Classic  Town ;  in  whose  brain  was  chiefly 
conceived  the  thought  of  this  educational 
and  home  center,  and  by  whose  skill  and 
suggestions  and  influence  the  plans  were 
chiefly  made  to  compass  the  acquisition  of 
the  land  that  should  be  the  Northwestern 
University's  chief  source  of  endowment, 
and  by  whom  the  enterprise  was  financed 
for  all  the  coming  years.  Close  to  him 
wrought  Orrington  Lunt,  imbibing  his  zeal 
and  supplementing  his  labors  by  his  unsel- 
fish devotion  and  tireless  energy.  John 
Evans  was  as  far-seeing  a  man  as  ever 
wrought  in  the  formative  days  of  cities  or 
States ;  a  plain  man  who  dreamed  of  large 
things,  and  whose  heart  kept  pace  with 
his  swift  moving  intellect.  The  sphere  of 
his  activity  was  changed  all  too  soon  from 
the  region  that  bears  his  name  to  a  distant 
State,  where  he  built  railroads,  planned 
Titanic  enterprises,  supervised  the  beginning 
of  a  great  commonwealth  and  helped  to 
found  another  University  in  the  Far  West. 
Evanston  is  honored  in  her  name,  as  she 
honors  the  name  of  her  founder. 

Kind  reader,  if  you  have  read  thus  far, 
read  on. 


CHAPTER    II'. 


OUR  INDIAN  PREDECESSORS. 

(By  FRANK  R.  GROVER.  VlcePreBident  Evanston  Historical  Society.) 


The  First  Evanstoniaus — Indian  Relics — 
Stone  Implements  and  What  They  Indi- 
cate —  Early  Explorers — J  diet,  Mar- 
quette. La  Salic  and  Tonty — First  White 
Visitors — Indian  Tribes — The  Iroquois, 
Illinois  and  Pottazvatomies — Ouilmette 
Reservation  and  Family — The  Fort  Dear- 
born Massacre — Home  of  the  Ouil- 
mettes — Treaty  of  Prairie  du  Chien — In- 
dian Trails  and  Trees  on  North  Shore — 
Aboriginal  Camps  and  Villages — Indian 
Mounds  and  Graves — Reminiscenses  of 
Early  Settlers — Important  Treaties — An 
Englishman's  Story  of  the  Treaty  of  Chi- 
cago in  j8jj. 

Since  the  discovery  of  this  continent  the 
North  American  Indian  has  ever  been  the 
subject  of  constant  study,  discussion  and 
contention.  His  origin,  his  traditions,  his 
character,  his  manners  and  customs,  his 
superstitions,  his  eloquence,  the  wars  in 
which  he  has  engaged,  his  tribal  relations, 
his  certain  destiny,  the  wrongs  he  has  done 
and  those  that  he  has  suffered  have,  for  four 
centuries,  been  favorite  themes  for  the  his- 
torian, the  poet,  the  philanthropist,  the  eth- 
nologist. And  yet,  with  all  the  countless 
books  that  have  been  written  upon  the  sub- 


iCompiled  from  two  papers;  (1).  "Our  Tiulip.n 
Predecessors — The  First  Evanstonians,"  read  before  the 
Evanston  Historical  Society,  November  2,  1901  :  and  (2) 
"Some  Indian  Land  Marks  of  the  North  Shore,"  read  be- 
fore the  Chicago  Historical  Society.  February  21,  10115, 
with  some  supplemental  notations  by  the  writer. 


ject,   there   is    still    room    for    inquiry,    fof 
speculation,  for  historical  research. 

Every  political  division  of  this  country, 
from  state  to  hamlet,  has  a  mine  of  untold 
facts,  which  must  ever  remain  undisclosed. 
Still,  the  diligent  and  the  curious  can,  with 
all  due  regard  to  the  limitations  to  truth 
put  upon  the  honest  historian,  gather  old 
facts  that  will  in  the  aggregate  be  of  inter- 
est as  local  history.  With  that  end  in  view 
I  wish  to  tell  you  what  I  have  been  able 
to  learn  of  our  Indian  predecessors — the 
first  Evanstonians. 

Stone  Implements  Found  in  This  Vi- 
cinity and  What  They  Indicate. — There 
is  no  more  interesting  field  for  historical  re- 
search than  that  of  the  implements  and 
weapons  of  the  prehistoric  Indian.  There  is, 
too,  a  later  time  of  which  there  is  no  writ- 
ten history,  before  the  coming  of  the  Jesuit 
Missionary  and  his  early  successor,  the  In- 
dian Trader,  who  was  the  first  vendor  of 
steel  hatchets  and  arrow  points,  that  is  of 
no  less  interest. 

Much  of  the  Indian  history  of  those  times 
must  of  necessity  remain  forever  undis- 
closed. Some  of  it  has  been  gathered  from 
credible  traditions,  some  of  it  distorted  by 
the  frailty  of  human  recollection  and  by  the 
fragile  partition  that  oft  divides  memory 
from  imagination,  and  truthfulness  from 
the  inclination  to  boast  of  the  prowess  of 
Indian   ancestry.    All   of   these    factors,   of 


21 


22 


OUR  INDIAN  PREDECESSORS 


course,  result  in  endless  confusion,  and 
what  the  exact  truth  is  must  be  left,  for  the 
most  part,  to  uncertainty  and  speculation. 
But  a  portion  of  that  history,  as  applied  to 
the  North  Shore,  is  told  as  simply  and 
plainly  by  the  stone  implements  and  weap- 
ons as  though  written  in  words  on  monu- 
ment or  obelisk.  The  entrance  to  this  field 
of  inquiry  opens,  of  course,  more  easily 
and  widely  to  the  man  of  science — the 
archaeologist — but  the  merest  novice,  if 
he  be  curious  and  diligent,  will  there  find  a 
mine  of  historic  facts  that  are  both  interest- 
ing and  reliable. 

One  of  the  greatest  orators  of  modern 
times   has    entertained    thousands    of    his 
hearers  and   readers  with  the  topic,   "The 
man   of  imagination — what  does   he  see?" 
And  so  the  student,  whether  he  has  great 
learning  or   that  next   best   substitute — in- 
dustry— when   he   finds    the    chippings   of 
fhnt,  chert  or  cobble-stone  left  in  the  work- 
shop of  the  ancient  artisan  of  the  North 
Shore,  or  when   he   sees  the  many  finish- 
ing wares  that  have  been  worn  and  used 
and  lost  by  the  ancient  customers  of  this 
ancient  artisan,  and  then  found  again,  can 
reproduce  a  resfsonably  accurate  picture  of 
the  red  man,  who  sat  ages  ago  on  the  West 
Shore  of  old  Lake  Michigan,  and,  with  un- 
told  labor  and   deftness,  prepared   the   ar- 
rows and  spear-heads  that  his  red  brothers, 
in  due  time,  hurled  at  deer,  or  buflfalo  or 
dusky   foe ;    and   this   student   can,   in   fair 
and  truthful  speculation,   follow  these  red 
brothers  in  all  they  saw  and  did  through 
the  forest  and  across  the  broad  prairies,  in 
the  hunt  and  in  the  chase,  to  the  wigwam 
and  to  the  camp  fire,  on  the  war  path  and  in 
their  idle  roamings  from  place  to  place. 

These  implements  may,  for  convenience 
in  this  discussion,  be  divided  into  two 
classes :  first,  those  found  along  the  lake 
shore  near  the  beach,  which  are  often  im- 
perfect   in    form,    consisting    of    "rejects" 


and  chippings,  and  found  in  the  aboriginal 
quarries  and  shops;  and,  second,  the  per- 
fect forms  found  farther  from  the  lake, 
where  they  were  in  use.  I  will  refer  to  them 
in  the  order  named. 

It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that,  from  Wil- 
mette  to  Waukegan,  there  are  high  bluffs, 
reaching  to  the  beach,  so  that  in  that  locali- 
ty the  remains  of  these  shops  or  chipping 
stations  have,  to  some  extent  at  least,  been 
obliterated  by  the  waves.    But,  both  north 
and   south   of   these   high  bluffs,   many   of 
these  shops  have  been  located  and  clearly  in- 
dicate that  the  Lake  Shore,  with  its  ready 
material     among     the     gravel     constantly 
thrown  up  by  the  waves,  not  only  furnished 
an   inexhaustible   supply  of  material   ready 
for   use   and   easily   accessible,   but   that   it 
was  resorted  to  in  preference  to  the  more 
laborious   method   of   seeking   and    mining 
materials  to  the  West.    Indeed,  it  is  quite 
probable,  and   a  plausible  theory,  that  the 
Indian  population,   for  many  miles   to  the 
west    and    for    untold    centuries,    used    the 
Lake     Shore    almost    exclusively     for   the 
manufacture  of  stone  implements  and  weap- 
ons.    These    shops,    or    chipping    stations, 
have    generally    been    found    in    the    sand 
dunes   or    ridges    immediately    adjacent   to 
the  beach,   where  there  was  shelter  from 
the  wind  and  waves.    Many,  of  course,  have 
long  since  disappeared  by  the  action  of  the 
lake :  but  at  least  four  of  them  were  located 
along  the  shore  at  Edgewater  and  Rogers 
Park,  one  immediately  south  of  the  Indian 
boundary  line  at  the  city  limits.   In  the  early 
days    of    Evanston    and,     to    my    personal 
knowledge,  even  as  late  as  1870,  the  chip- 
pings, rejects  and  broken  arrow-heads,  in- 
dicating one  of  the  largest  of  these  shops, 
could  easily  be  found  in  Evanston  extend- 
ing   from    what    is     now     Main    Street   to 
Greenleaf  Street,  and  about  on  a  line  from 
the  Industrial  School  to  the  present  Evans- 
ton  residences  of   Messrs.  John  C.    Spry, 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


23 


Charles  E.  Graves  and  Milton  H.  Wilson. 
This  particular  shop  was  not  only  the  re- 
sort of  the  idle  school  boy  in  his  quest  for 
arrow  points,  but  was,  in  the  year  1884,  the 
subject  of  scientific  investigation  by  Dr. 
William  A.  Phillips,  a  member  of  the  Ev- 
anston  Historical  Society  (Science,  Vol.  3, 
page  273.  1884),  who  made  a  collection  at 
that  time  of  the  chert  refuse,  "illustrating 
the  successive  stages  of  the  chipping  or 
flaking  work,  beginning  with  the  water- 
worn  pebble  from  the  beach  and  ending 
with  the  nearly  completed,  but  broken,  im- 
plement," which  collection  is  now  in  the 
Museum  of  the  Northwestern  University  at 
Evanston  (Rep.  Curator  N.  W.  University 
Museum,  1884,  Smithsonian  Report,  1897 
— 1 161,  pp.  587-600). 

At  the  present  site  of  the  Dearborn  Ob- 
servatory, on  the  campus  of  the  North- 
western University,  was  another  of  these 
shops,  although  a  smaller  one,  which  was 
partially  obliterated  in  the  construction  of 
that  building,  and  several  others  have  been 
located  at  different  times  along  the  lake 
front  of  Rogers  Park  and  Evanston. 

Indeed,  the  various  collections  of  these 
implements,  chippings  and  also  of  broken 
pottery  would  indicate  not  only  an  unusual 
Indian  population,  but  that  this  industry 
was  general  along  the  lake  shore,  and  much 
nearer  the  Chicago  river  than  the  sites  just 
described.  This  situation  can  easily  be  dem- 
onstrated by  the  merest  glance  at  the  collec- 
tion of  the  late  Karl  A.  Dilg,  in  possession 
of  the  Chicago  Historical  Society. 

Immediately  north  of  Waukegan.  east  of 
the  Northwestern  Railway,  and  e.xtending 
nearly  to  the  Kenosha  city  limits,  and  be- 
tween the  bluff  that  was  formerly  the  shore 
line  and  the  present  lake  front,  are  some 
1,200  to  1,300  acres  of  low  sand  dunes,  all 
of  which  have,  from  time  to  time,  consti- 
tuted the  shore  of  the  receding  lake.  This 
district  is  replete  with  shops  and  stations  of 


this  character,  especially  so  at  what  was  for- 
merly Benton,  and  now  Beach  Station,  and 
extending  from  there  north,  a  distance  of 
about  five  miles,  through  Doctor  Dowie's 
"City  of  Zion"  to  the  state  line.  As  early 
as  1853  this  locality  was  also  the  subject  of 
scientific  investigation  on  this  subject. 
(Prof.  I.  A.  Lapham,  Antiquities  of  Wis- 
consin, Smithsonian  Contributions  to 
Knowledge,  \"ol.  7,  page  6,  1885). 

These  investigations  have  been  further 
pursued  by  Dr.  Phillips,  assisted  by  Messrs. 
W.  C.  Wyman  and  E.  F.  Wyman,  of  Ev- 
anston, and  by  Mr.  F.  H.  Lyman,  of  Ke- 
nosha. In  the  district  between  Beach  Sta- 
tion and  the  State  line  no  less  than  thirty- 
two  sites  were  located,  and  a  new  group  or 
variety  of  implements  found,  viz. :  weapons 
and  utensils  in  endless  variety,  made  of 
trap  rock  or  cob"ble-stone,  and  which  are 
now  designated,  "The  Trap  Flake  Series." 
A  very  entertaining  and  instructive  des- 
cription of  this  locality  and  these  imple- 
ments, their  uses  and  the  method  employed 
in  flaking  them,  with  plates  and  pictures, 
will  be  found  in  the  Smithsonian  Report 
for  1897,  pages  587-600.  in  an  able  paper  by 
Dr.  Phillips,  under  the  title,  "A  New  Group 
of  Stone  Implements  from  the  Southern 
Shores  of  Lake  Michigan." 

The  implements  and  weapons,  made  in 
these  localities  along  the  shore  from  the 
Chicago  River  to  Kenosha,  represent  almost 
unlimited  varieties,  from  the  ordinary  ar- 
rowhead and  the  net  weight  or  stone 
sinker  used  by  the  Pottawatomie  fisher- 
man, or  his  ancient  predecessor,  to  the 
finest  of  polished  hatchets,  spear-heads 
and  drills. 

It  is  not  within  the  scope  of  this  discus- 
sion to  go  further  into  the  details  of  this 
lost  art,  in  showing  how  these  implements 
were  made  and  for  what  they  were  used — ■ 
that  inquiry  should  be  left  to  more  able 
hands ;  but  the  field   for  exploration  is   as 


24 


OUR  INDIAN  PREDECESSORS 


boundless  and  unlimited  as  the  enthusiasm 
of  the  archseologist.  and  is  full  of  interest 
even  to  the  layman. 

The  second  class,  in  this  subdivision  of 
these  implements,  are  the  finished  weapons 
and  utensils  that,  in  the  long  ago,  left  the 
work-shop  of  the  artisan,  on  the  beach  and 
elsewhere,  were  placed  in  the  hands  of  his 
warrior  customer  and  have  been  scattered, 
used  and  lost  on  the  land  which  we  have 
designated  the  North  Shore.  Generally 
speaking,  these  implements  are  found  in 
about  the  same  variety  and  number  as  in 
any  ordinary  Indian  country,  with  one  or 
two  remarkable  exceptions  that  will  re- 
ceive special  attention.  The  materials  used 
in  their  manufacture  indicate  the  presence 
of  Indians  from  remote  parts  of  the  con- 
tinent, or  barter  and  exchange  with  remote 
tribes.  They  also  indicate  that  the  North' 
Shore — especially  for  from  three  to  six 
miles  from  the  lake — was  not  only  a  great 
hunting  ground,  but  that  the  western  shore 
of  the  lake  has  been  the  scene  of  many 
a  bloody  battle  between  these  red  warriors 
of  the  olden  time.  They  also  further  indi- 
cate, in  one  or  two  localities  that  will  be 
mentioned,  an  extended  Indian  population 
during  a  long  period  of  time.  I  am  told  by 
members  of  the  Academy  of  Sciences  and 
others,  who  have  the  best  means  of  infor- 
mation, that  it  is  hard  to  distinguish  the 
particular  peoples  by  these  relics,  as  there  is 
great  similarity  in  manufacture  among  re- 
spective tribes — the  distinguishing  marks 
being  more  especially  in  the  wooden  handles 
or  hafts,  which,  of  course,  cannot  be  found 
— and  that  some  of  these  implements  are  of 
prehistoric  origin. 

The  nearest  locality  where  these  imple- 
ments are  found  in  the  greatest  variety  and 
number  is  what  was  formerly  known  as 
Bowmanville — being  the  vicinity  of  Rose 
Hill  Cemetery  and  extending  from  there  to 
the  North  Branch  of  the  Chicago  River  and 


throughout  the  territory  north  of  there,  ex- 
tending to  Forest  Glen,  Niles  Center  and 
High  Ridge,  where  they  have  been  found 
in  such  abundance  that  a  great  ancient  vil- 
lage— and  probably  several  such  villages  in 
that  district,  is  a  certainty — all  of  which  will 
receive  later  mention  when  we  consider  the 
sites  of  the  Indian  villages.  The  locality 
west  of  Evanston,  in  the  town  of  Niles, 
which  is  now  a  gardening  district,  has  sup- 
plied many  excellent  specimens  ploughed 
up  by  the  farm  hands,  and  it  has  been  an 
easy  matter,  with  a  little  patience  and  at- 
tention, to  secure  a  good  collection  in  these 
localities ;  and  there  are  many  of  them — 
notably  the  collection  of  William  A.  Peter- 
son, of  the  Peterson  Nursery  Company, 
gathered  largely  from  the  lands  of  that 
company  at  Rose  Hill,  the  collection  of  Dr. 
A.  S.  Alexander,  formerly  of  Evanston, 
gathered  very  largely  in  Evanston  and  the 
township  of  Niles ;  also  the  interesting  col- 
lection of  Karl  A.  Dilg,  already  referred 
to,  and  that  of  Adolph  Miller  at  Bowman- 
ville. Still  another  locality  is  the  neighbor- 
hood of  the  Indian  Village  at  Waukegan, 
and  from  there  north  to  the  State  line,  in 
the  locality  investigated  and  described  by 
Dr.  Phillips  in  his  paper. 

These  land  marks — these  bits  of  clay, 
and  flint  and  cobble-stone — to  which  has 
been  made  but  very  scant  and  imperfect  ref- 
erence, tell,  as  they  have  ever  told,  a  per- 
fect, and  yet  an  imperfect,  stqry ;  perfect, 
because  we  know  from  that,  in  some  far 
off  day,  the  North  Shore  was,  as  it  is  now, 
a  favorite  abiding  place ;  perfect,  too,  be- 
cause the  man  of  science  can  tell  us  in 
some  measure  of  how  these  people  lived 
and  what  they  did ;  imperfect,  because  we 
must  rely  to  some  extent  upon  theory  and 
speculation  and  cannot  open  wide  the  door 
with  what  is  understood  by  the  term  writ- 
ten history. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


25 


The  Early  Explorers. — All  the  writers 
upon  the  early  history  of  the  Northwest, 
of  necessity  describe,  in  more  or  less  de- 
tail, the  expeditions,  exploits  and  adven- 
tures of  the  explorers  and  Jesuit  mission- 
aries, who  first  saw  the  Indians,  who  were 
the  first  white  men  in  Illinois,  and  who 
have  been  the  greatest  contributors  to  the 
history  of  the  Indians  of  the  Northern 
States.  Among  these  the  names  of  James 
Marquette,  Louis  Joliet,  La  Salle,  Henry 
de  Tonty,  Hennepin  and  Claude  Allouez 
are  so  prominent  that  the  youngest  student, 
who  has  read  even  the  average  school  his- 
tory of  the  day,  can  give,  with  reasonable 
accuracy,  an  outline  of  where  they  went, 
what  they  saw  and  what  they  did. 

In  most  of  their  travels  they  were  ac- 
companied by  friendly  Indians  as  guides 
and  assistants,  to  whose  fidelity  and  atten- 
tion we  owe  quite  as  much  as  to  the  ex- 
plorers themselves.  Reference  to  the  ex- 
tended travels  of  these  daring  and  hardy 
men  would  be  useless  repetition,  but  it  cer- 
tainly is  of  interest  to  know  that  such 
famous  voyagers  as  Father  Marquette, 
Joliet,  La  Salle,  Tonty,  and  Fathers  Hen- 
nepin and  Allouez,  with  their  Indian 
friends,  all  in  their  day  and  in  their  turn, 
visited  the  site  of  Evanston  or  coasted  its 
shores  in  their  canoes.  To  the  circum- 
stances of  some  of  these  early  visits  to  this 
locality,  I  briefly  direct  your  attention. 

It  was  the  month  of  June,  1673,  over 
two  hundred  years  ago,  when  Louis  Joliet 
— educated  as  a  priest,  but  with  more  love 
for  exploration  and  adventure — and  James 
Marquette — who  longed  to  see  and  trace 
the  course  of  the  great  river  that  De  Soto 
had  discovered  over  one  hundred  years  be- 
fore, and  who,  godly  man  that  he  was,  loved 
still  more  to  carry  the  tidings  of  the  Christ 
to  the  red  man  of  the  prairies — with  five 
French  companions  in  two  canoes,  started 
upon  that  long  and  toilsome  journey  through 


Green  Bay,  up  the  Fox  River  of  Wiscon- 
sin, from  thence  into  and  down  the  Wis- 
consin and  the  Mississippi,  and  up  the  then 
nameless  river  to  the  Indian  village  of  the 
Illinois,  where  they  arrived  late  in  the  sum- 
mer and  tarried  until  September. 

The  first  visit  of  a  white  man  to  Evans- 
ton,  in  September,  1673,  is  thus  described 
by  Francis  Parkman  in  his  life  of  La  Salle 
and  the  "Discovery  of  the  Great  West": 
"An  Illinois  chief,  with  a  band  of  young 
warriors,  offered  to  guide  them  to  the  Lake 
of  the  Illinois,  that  is  to  say,  Lake  Michi- 
gan ;  thither  they  repaired,"  via  the  Illi- 
nois, Desplaines  and  Chicago  rivers,  "and, 
coasting  the  shores  of  the  lake,  reached 
Green  Bay  at  the  end  of  September." 

The  month  of  November  the  following 
year  (1674)  found  Marquette  again  coast- 
ing the  western  shores  of  Lake  Michigan, 
accompanied  by  two    white    men,   "Pierre 

Porteret  and  Jacques "  (Marquette's 

diary),  a  band  of  Pottawatomies  and  another 
band  of  Illinois — ten  canoes  in  all — on  his 
way  from  Green  Bay  to  his  beloved  mission 
of  the  Illinois,  to  which  he  had  promised 
the  Indians  surely  to  return.  Frail  and 
sick  in  body,  but  strong  and  rich  in  energy 
and  religious  fervor,  he  made  this,  his  last 
voyage,  from  which  there  proved  to  be  no 
return  for  him.  Parkman  (La  Salle,  pp.  67, 
68)  describes  the  journey:  "November  had 
come  ;  the  bright  hues  of  the  autumn  foliage 
was  changed  to  rusty  brown.  The  shore 
wa;s  desolate  and  the  lake  was  stormy. 
They  were  more  than  a  month  in  coasting 
its  western  border." 

Marquette's  diary  (brought  to  light 
nearly  two  centuries  later)  gives  an  inter- 
esting account  of  this  journey,  describing 
the  land,  the  forest,  the  prairie,  the  buffalo, 
the  deer  and  other  game,  the  Indians  they 
met,  their  camp  fires  at  night  on  shore  and 
their  battles  with  the  waves  by  dav,  and 
tells  the  story  of  their  arrival  at  the  Chicago 


26 


OUR  INDIAN  PREDECESSORS 


River  on  December  4,  1674,  and  finding  it 
frozen  over ;  but  what  is  of  special  interest 
to  us,  his  diary  shows  almost  conclusively 
that,  on  December  3,  the  day  before,  the 
party  landed  somewhere  near  the  light- 
house within  our  present  city  limits.  His 
notation  is  as  follows : 

"December  3,  having  said  holy  mass  and 
embarked,  we  were  compelled  to  make  a 
point  and  land  on  account  of  floating 
masses  of  ice." 

The  only  point  of  land  within  the  day's 
journey  shown  upon  our  present  maps,  and 
even  the  maps  of  those  days,  including 
that  of  Marquette,  is  what  is  known  to-day 
by  the  sailors  as  "Gross  Point,"  where  the 
Evanston  light-house  stands. 

Father  Allouez  made  the  same  journey 
in  the  winter  of  1676  and  1677,  on  his  way 
with  two  companions  to  the  Illinois  coun- 
try, to  take  the  place  of  Father  Marquette 
in  the  Illinois  mission.  They  encountered 
untold  hardships,  dragging  their  canoes  for 
many  weary  miles  over  the  ice-floes  of  the 
lake  and  the  snow  along  its  shores. 

Two  years  later  is  the  date  when  white 
men  were  next  here  (November,  1679), 
when  La  Salle,  Father  Hennepin  (the  his- 
torian of  the  expedition),  a  Mohegan  In- 
dian (La  Salle's  faithful  servant  and  hunt- 
er), and  fourteen  Frenchmen  in  four  large 
canoes  deeply  laden  with  merchandise, 
tools  and  guns,  made  the  same  voyage 
from  Green  Bay  and  to  St.  Joseph,  Mich., 
then  called  Miami,  on  their  way  to  the  Illi- 
nois country,  to  build  a  fort  and  to  further 
establish  the  trade  and  colonies  of  New 
France.  They  skirted  the  entire  western 
and  southern  shores  of  the  lake,  while  Ton- 
ty  proceeded  by  the  eastern  shore. 

An  interesting  account  of  their  adven- 
tures, hardships  and  meetings  with  both 
hostile  and  friendly  Indians,  can  be  found 
in  Parkman's  Life  of  La  Salle  (pp.  142- 
150).   As  the  author  says  : 


"This  was  no  journey  of  pleasure.  The 
lake  was  ruffled  with  almost  ceaseless 
storms ;  clouds  big  with  rain  above,  a  tur- 
moil of  gray  and  gloomy  waves  beneath. 
Every  night  the  canoes  must  be  shouldered 
through  the  breakers  and  dragged  up  the 
steep  banks.     .     .     . 

"The  men  paddled  all  day  with  no  other 
food  than  a  handful  of  Indian  corn.  They 
were  spent  with  toil  and  sick  with  the  wild 
berries  which  they  ravenously  devoured  and 
dejected  at  the  prospects  before  them." 

That  they,  too,  may  have  camped  at  night 
or  rested  by  noonday  within  the  limits  of 
our  present  city  is  entirely  probable. 

"As  they  approached  the  head  of  the  lake 
game  grew  abundant."  Marquette  verifies 
this  latter  statement,  for  in  his  diary  (entry 
of  December  4,  1674),  he  says:  "Deer 
hunting  is  pretty  good  as  you  get  away 
from  the  Pottawatomies."  And  his  next 
entry  (December  12),  made  after  arriving 
at  Chicago,  is  further  verification.   He  says : 

"Pierre  and  Jacques  killed  three  cattle 
(buffalo)  and  four  deer,  one  of  which  ran 
quite  a  distance  with  his  heart  cut  in  two. 
They  contented  themselves  with  killing 
three  or  four  turkeys  of  the  many  that  were 
around  our  cabin.  Jacques  brought  in  a 
partridge  he  had  killed,  in  every  way  re- 
sembling those  of  France." 

It  was  winter  time  a  year  later — 1680. 
La  Salle  had  not  returned  from  his  memo- 
rable and  heroic  tramp  from  the  Illinois  back 
to  Canada.  His  men  had  deserted ;  his  goods 
had  been  destroyed  by  mutineers  and  In- 
dians ;  Hennepin  was  on  the  Mississippi. 
The  Iroquois  had  dispersed  and  all  but  de- 
stroyed the  Illinois,  and  all  that  remained  of 
La  Salle's  party  was  his  faithful  lieutenant 
and  friend,  Henry  de  Tonty,  and  two  fol- 
lowers— Membre  and  Boissondet.  Tonty 
had  failed  to  pacify  the  Iroquois,  had  been 
seriously  wounded  in  battle  by  them,  and 
he    and    his     two     surviving     companions, 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


27 


without  food  or  shelter,  fled  for  their  lives. 
Sick,  wounded  and  maimed,  he  reached  the 
shores  of  Lake  Michigan  at  Chicago,  and  he 
and  his  companions  began  their  long 
northward  journey  on  foot,  along  the  dreary 
and  ice-bound  shores  of  the  lake  to  old 
Michilimackinac.  Parkman  ("Life  of  La 
Salle,"  p.  220)  thus  describes  their  journey: 
"The  cold  was  intense  and  it  was  no  easy 
task  to  grub  up  wild  onions  from  the  frozen 
ground,  to  save  themselves  from  starving. 
Tonty  fell  ill  of  a  fever  and  swelling  of  the 
limbs,  which  disabled  him  from  traveling, 
and  hence  ensued  a  long  delay.  At  length 
they  reached  Green  Bay,  where  they  would 
have  starved  had  they  not  gleaned  a  few 
ears  of  corn  and  frozen  squashes  in  the 
fields  of  an  empty  Indian  town." 

A  volume  could  easily  be  written  describ- 
ing the  exploits  of  the  later  but  still  early 
white  and  Indian  visitors  to  these  shores. 
The  western  shore  of  the  lake  was  the 
great  highway  between  the  Chicago  port- 
age and  Green  Bay  and  Mackinac.  We  need 
not  depend  upon  imagination  to  paint  the 
picture  of  the  white  voyageur  and  his  In- 
dian companion  plying  the  paddle  with 
steady  stroke,  keeping  time  to  the  notes  of 
his  boat  song,  while  their  birch  bark  ca- 
noes skimmed  the  surface  of  the  lake,  for 
the  "Jesuit  Relations"  of  those  early  days 
will  supply  the  facts. 

[These  travels  along  the  shore  of  the 
lake  call  to  mind  the  early  maps,  tracing 
the  shore  lines  made  by  these  explorers, 
and  a  fact  of  local  interest  is,  that  in  all 
probability  the  shore  line  here  at  Evanston, 
in  the  seventeenth  century,  extended  much 
farther  into  the  lake — how  much  cannot  be 
told  from  the  maps,  as  they  were  not  drawn 
to  scale.  This  fact  appears  from  a  large 
bay  shown  on  the  maps  immediately  north 
of  the  site  of  our  city,  indicating  that  the 
shore  to  the  south  has  since  been  washed 
away.    The  maps  referred  to  are   (i)   one 


called  Marquette's  map.  Hist,  of  Ills.,  by 
Sidney  Breese,  p.  78;  (2)  map  copied  by 
Parkman  found  in  the  "Archives  of  the  Ma- 
rine" at  Paris,  dated  1683 — "may,  in  fact, 
have  been  one  drawn  by  Joliet  from  recol- 
lection";  (3)  Joliet's  earliest  map  (1673- 
74),  "Windsor's  Geographical  Discoveries 
in  the  Interior  of  North  America";  (4) 
Haines'  "American  Indian,"  p.  344. 

On  the  map  first  mentioned  Marquette 
locates  a  copper  mine  near  Evanston.  This 
was  probably  done  from  tales  of  the  In- 
dians describing  such  mines  as  being  to  the 
north,  and  Marquette  misunderstanding  the 
distance.] 

Indian  Tribes. — For  two  hundred 
years  preceding  the  advent  of  the  white 
man  to  Illinois — and  for  how  much  longer 
we  do  not  know — the  territory  lying  be- 
tween  the  Mississippi  and  the  Atlantic,  and 
from  the  Carolinas  to  Hudson  Bay,  was  oc- 
cupied by  two  great  families  of  Indian 
tribes,  distinguished  by  their  languages.  All 
this  vast  wilderness,  with  the  exception  of 
New  York,  a  part  of  Ohio  and  part  of 
Canada,  was  the  country  of  the  tribes 
speaking  the  Algonquin  language  and  dia- 
lects. "Like  a  great  island  in  the  midst  of 
the  Algonquins  lay  the  country  of  the  Iro- 
quois." The  true  Iroquois,  or  Five  Nations, 
often  called  the  Six  Nations,  occupied  Cen- 
tral and  Western  New  York,  and  the  re- 
mainder of  this  linguistic  group  contiguous 
territory  to  the  west,  in  Ohio  and  Lower 
Canada.  (The  only  exception  to  this  gen- 
eral statement  is  the  Winnebagoes  of  Dah- 
cotah  stock,  who  were  at  Green  Bay  and 
in  Southern  Wisconsin,  and  a  few  scatter- 
ing bands  of  the  Dahcotahs,  who  were  at 
times  on  the  eastern  banks  of  the  Missis- 
sippi.) 

All  the  Indians  who  have  held  and  occu- 
pied this  part  of  Illinois  as  their  homes,  so 
far  back  as  history  tells  us,  or  can  be  ascer- 
tained during  the  past  four  hundred  years, 


28 


OUR  IXDIAX  PREDECESSORS 


were  of  the  Algonquin  family ;  and  while 
scattering  bands  of  the  Sacs  and  Foxes 
(Outagamies),  Miamis,  Ottawas  and  other 
Algonquin  tribes,  and  also  the  Kickapoos, 
Shavvaneese.  Sioux  and  Winnebagoes,  have 
at  times,  roamed  over  and,  perhaps,  for  very 
brief  periods,  in  roving  bands  occupied  the 
lands  lying  along  the  western  shores  of 
Lake  Michigan  in  this  locality,  the  Indian 
ownership,  as  indicated  by  extended  occu- 
pancy, was  confined  almost,  if  not  entirely, 
to  the  tribes  of  the  Illinois  and  the  Potta- 
watomies.  Therefore,  to  those  two  tribes 
and  their  eastern  enemies,  the  Iroquois, 
who  at  times  paid  unwelcome  visits  to  their 
western  neighbors,  I  direct  your  attention. 

It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  Chicago 
was  as  important  a  point  to  the  Indian  as 
it  has  since  been  to  the  white  man,  partlv 
on  account  of  the  portage  leading  to  the 
Desplaines  River,  and,  as  the  lake  was  the 
great  water  highway,  so  also  was  its  west- 
ern shore  an  important  highway  for  these 
Indian  tribes  when  they  traveled  by  land. 

[The  early  explorers  and  missionaries 
often  mention  a  tribe  called  by  them  the 
"Mascoutins,"  and  on  some  of  the  very 
early  maps  of  this  locality  appears  the  name 
of  such  a  tribe  as  occupying  parts  of  north- 
ern Illinois.  The  better  opinion  is,  there 
never  was  in  fact  such  a  tribe  of  Indians. 
This  word — "Mascoutins" — in  the  Algon- 
quin language  means  people  of  the  prairie 
or  meadow  country,  and  it  was  applied,  it 
seems,  indiscriminately  to  indicate  the  lo- 
cality from  which  the  Indians  it  was  ap- 
plied to  had  emigrated  or  were  located. 
Haines'  "American  Indian,"  p.   151.] 

It  is  claimed  by  several  reliable  writers 
that,  from  1700  or  1702  to  1 770,  the  coun- 
try about  Chicago  had  no  fixed  Indian  pop- 
ulation, but  that  the  only  Indian  residents 
were  roving  bands  of  Iroquois  and  "North- 
ern Indians."  (See  Andreas'  "Hist,  of  Chi- 
cago," Mason's  "Illinois.") 


The  Iroquois. — The  Iroquois  have  re- 
ceived the  enthusiastic  admiration  of 
many  writers ;  the  best,  and  some  of  the 
worst,  traits  of  Indian  character  found  its 
highest  development  among  them ;  they  are 
designated  by  one  enthusiast  as  "the  In- 
dians of  Indians."  And  they  are  well 
worthy  of  mention  in  our  local  history,  for, 
after  exterminating  and  subduing  their 
nearest  neighbors,  including  the  Hurons, 
the  Eries  and  other  tribes  speaking  the 
same  language,  their  thirst  for  conquest 
led  them  westward  from  their  far  away 
eastern  homes ;  their  war  parties  penetrated 
the  intervening  wilderness  of  forest  and 
plain,  navigated  the  western  rivers  and 
great  lakes,  and  destroyed  or  drove  their 
enemies  in  terror  before  them  across  the 
prairies  of  Illinois  and  along  the  western 
shore  of  Lake  Michigan.  Distance,  hard- 
ships, winter  and  time  expended  in  travel, 
presented  no  obstacles  to  them,  and  they 
scattered,  and  all  but  destroyed,  the  great 
and  powerful  Algonquin  tribes  of  the  Illi- 
nois, from  which  our  State  takes  its  name ; 
and,  as  early  as  1660,  they  were  known  to 
have  pursued  their  ancient  enemies,  the 
Hurons  or  Wyandots,  across  our  State. 
(Mason's  "Land  of  the  Illinois,"  p.  4.) 

The  Iroquois  are  thus  described  by  Park- 
man  ("Conspiracy  of  Pontiac,"  p.  7) : 
"Foremost  in  war,  foremost  in  eloquence, 
foremost  in  their  savage  arts  of  policy, 
.  .  .  they  extended  their  conquests  and 
their  depredations  from  Quebec  to  the 
Carolinas,  and  from  the  western  prairies  to 
the  forests  of  Maine.  .  .  .  On  the  west 
they  exterminated  the  Eries,  and  Andastes, 
and  spread  havoc  and  dismay  among  the 
tribes  of  the  Illinois.  .  .  .  The  Indians 
of  New  England  fled  at  the  first  peal  of  the 
Mohawk  war  cry.  .  .  and  all  Canada 
shook  with  the  fury  of  their  onset.  .  .  . 
The  blood  besmeared  conquerors  roamed 
like  wolves  among  the  burning  settlements. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


29 


and  the  colony  trembled  on  the  brink  of 
ruin.  .  .  Few  tribes  could  match  them  in 
prowess,  constancy,  moral  energy  or  intel- 
lectual vigor."  They,  in  turn,  and  within 
a  quarter  of  a  century  (1650-1672),  exter- 
minated four  powerful  tribes,  the  Wyan- 
dots,  the  Neutral  Nation,  the  Andastes  and 
the  Eries,  and  reduced  the  ancient  and  pow- 
erful Hurons,  from  whom  the  great  lake 
takes  its  name,  to  a  small  band  of  terror- 
stricken  fugitives ;  their  ferocity  and  tor- 
ture of  captives  were  revolting  traits  in 
their  character ;  they  were  the  worst  of  con- 
querors and  their  lust  of  blood  and  do- 
minion is  without  parallel  in  Indian  history. 

Mr.  Mason  says  of  them  ("Land  of  the 
Illinois,"  pp.  113,114):  "Though  number- 
ing but  2,500  warriors,  their  superior  weap- 
ons and  experience  in  warfare  had  enabled 
them  to  defeat  and  finally  exterminate  all 
their  neighbors.  .  .  .  They  destroyed 
more  than  thirty  nations ;  caused  the  death 
of  more  than  600,000  persons  within  eighty 
years,  and  rendered  the  country  about  the 
great  lakes  a  desert" — and  Mr.  Mason's 
statement  had  ample  corroboration. 

Such  were  the  Indians  who  were  often 
transient  residents  of  this  locality  before 
the  coming  of  the  white  man,  and  their 
depredations  furnish  the  basis  for  much 
of  the  historical  references  to  the  process 
of  self-extermination  of  the  Indian,  by  the 
wars  among  themselves  in  progress  when 
the  white  man  first  saw  the  American  In- 
dian. 

The  French  were  never  successful  in  gain- 
ing the  friendship  of  the  Iroquois  tribes, 
as  they  were  with  almost  all  the  other  In- 
dians of  the  North  and  Northwest ;  but  the 
Iroquois  were  the  friends  of  the  English 
and  Dutch. 

In  Colden's  "History  of  the  Five  Na- 
tions," printed  in  the  old  English  style  of 
that  day  (1750),  the  author,  in  describing 
one  of  the  campaigns  between  the  French 


and  English,  in  1693,  where  Peter  Schuyler, 
a  Major  of  the  New  York  Militia,  was  in 
charge  of  the  English  and  their  Indian  al- 
lies, the  Iroquois,  says : 

"It  is  true  that  the  English  were  in  great 
want  of  Provisions  at  that  time.  .  .  . 
The  Indians  eat  the  Bodies  of  the  French 
that  they  found.  Col.  Schuyler  (as  he  told 
me  himself)  going  among  the  Indians  at 
that  Time  was  invited  to  eat  broth  with 
them,  which  some  of  them  had  ready  boiled, 
which  he  did,  till  they,  putting  the  Ladle 
deep  into  the  Kettle  to  take  out  more, 
brought  out  a  French  Man's  Hand,  which 
put  an  end  to  his  Appetite." 

The  quaint  humor  in  this  record  of  an 
Englishman  eating  such  French  broth  in 
the  seventeenth  century,  or  at  any  subse- 
quent time,  for  that  matter,  and  losing  his 
appetite,  needs  no  comment;  the  author 
may  unconsciously  have  offered  a  fair  ex- 
planation of  this  circumstance,  for  he  says 
in  another  connection,  "Schuyler  was  brave, 
but  he  was  no  Soldier." 

The  Illinois.— In  the  year  1615,  five 
years  before  the  landing  of  the  Mayflower, 
Champlain  reached  Lake  Huron.  Upon  his 
crude  map  of  New  France  appears  indica- 
tions that  he  then  heard  and  knew  of  the 
far-away  prairie  land,  in  which  dwelt  the 
tribes  of  the  Illinois— the  land  of  the  Buf- 
falo. (Mason,  supra.)  Jean  Nicolet  saw  or 
heard  of  the  Illinois  again  in  1638  and  two 
young  French  explorers  again  in  1655  (Ma- 
son, Id.)  October  i,  1665,  ten  years  later, 
the  Illinois  sent  a  delegation  to  attend 
an  Indian  Council  at  the  Great  Chippewa 
(Ojibvvay)  Village,  on  Lake  Superior,  with 
reference  to  war  with  the  Sioux,  which 
Claude  Allouez  attended  and  there  ad- 
dressed the  many  Northern  tribes  assembled 
in  council,  assuring  them  of  the  friendship 
and  protection  of  the  French,  who  would 
"smooth  the  path  between  the  Chippewas 
and  Quebec,  brush  the  pirate  canoes  from 


so 


NORTHWESTERN  UNIVERSITY 


the  intervening  rivers  and  leave  the  Iro- 
quois no  alternative  but  death  and  destruc- 
tion." (Brown's  "History  of  Illinois,"  p. 
115.)  There  is  abundant  evidence  to  show 
that,  during  the  preceding  years,  the  Illi- 
nois had  suffered  greatly  by  wars  with  the 
Sioux  from  the  West  and  with  the  Iroquois 
from  the  East. 

In  1673  Joliet  and  Marquette  found  the 
Illinois  on  the  western  bank  of  the  Missis- 
sippi and  on  the  Illinois  River,  where  there 
were  many  villages ;  one  village  found  by 
these  explorers  consisting  of  seventy-four 
cabins,  each  containing  several  families. 
In  1675  Marquette  paid  his  second  visit  to 
the  same  locality  and  "summoned  them  to 
a  grand  council  on  the  Great  Meadow  be- 
tween the  Illinois  River  and  the  modern 
village  of  Utica.  Here  five  hundred  chiefs 
and  old  men  were  seated  in  a  ring ;  behind 
stood  1,500  youths  and  warriors  and,  be- 
hind them,  all  the  women  and  children  of 
the  village.  Marquette  standing  in  the 
midst,"  told  them  the  story  of  Christ  and  the 
Virgin  (Parkman's  "La  Salle,"  69)  ;  Al- 
louez  visited  them  again  in  1677. 

In  1680  Tonty  and  Hennepin  found  the 
lodges  of  the  great  Indian  town.  460  in 
number,  constructed  of  poles  "in  shape  like 
the  arched  tops  of  a  baggage  wagon,"  cov- 
ered with  mats  of  rushes,  closely  inter- 
woven ;  each  contained  three  or  four  fires ; 
the  greater  part  served  for  two  families. 
The  population  has  been  variously  esti- 
mated at  2,400  families,  1,200  warriors  and 
6,000  souls.  "The  lodges  were  built  along 
the  river  bank  for  the  distance  of  a  mile, 
sometimes  far  more."  (Parkman's  "La 
.Salle,"  156.) 

Among  the  varying  estimates  as  to  pop- 
ulation of  the  Illinois  tribes  (none  of  them 
very  accurate),  one  early  Jesuit  writer 
(1658)  describes  their  number  at  "about 
100,000  souls,  with  sixty  villages  and  quite 
20,000  warriors."     (Mason,  Id.,  4.)    "Their 


great  Metropolis,  near  Utica,  in  La  Salle 
County,  was  the  largest  city  ever  built  by 
northern  natives."  (Caton,  "The  Last  of 
the  Illinois.")  Mr.  Mason  locates  the  vil- 
lage four  miles  below  the  present  city  of 
Ottawa.    ("Land  of  the  Illinois,"  p.  44.) 

These  facts  indicate  not  only  a  powerful 
and  populous  nation,  but  their  cemeteries, 
traditions,  implements  and  cultivated  fields, 
a  long  residence  in  the  same  locality — how 
many  the  years  or  how  many  the  centuries 
can  never  be  known. 

Their  most  permanent  homes  were  along 
the  Illinois  River,  but  they  seem  to  have  had 
entire  control  of  all  the  northeastern  por- 
tion of  Illinois,  as  far  back  as  any  record 
can  be  found  and  to  the  time  of  the  occupa- 
tion by  the  Pottawatomies.  The  Chicago 
portage  seems  to  have  been  a  frequent  and 
popular  rendezvous,  and  they  were  so  iden- 
tified with  this  locality  that  Lake  Michigan 
was  generally  known  to  the  early  explorers 
as  the  "Lake  of  the  Illinois." 

The  Illinois  were  a  kindly  people ;  hos- 
pitable, affable  and  humane ;  and  it  was  said 
of  them  by  one  of  the  Jesuit  missionaries, 
"When  they  meet  a  stranger  they  utter  a 
cry  of  joy,  caress  him  and  give  him  every 
proof  of  friendship."  They  lived  by  hunt- 
ing and  tilling  of  the  soil,  raising  great 
crops  of  Indian  corn  and  storing  away  a 
surplus  for  future  use ;  they  were  great 
travelers  by  land,  but,  unlike  most  northern 
Indian  tribes,  used  canoes  but  little ;  they 
had  permanent  dwellings,  as  well  as  port- 
able lodges ;  they  roamed  many  months  of 
the  year  among  the  prairies  and  forests  of 
their  great  country,  to  return  again  and 
join  in  the  feasts  and  merry-making,  when 
their  whole  population  gathered  in  the  vil- 
lages. These  habits  of  travel  indicate  that 
they  were  frequently  along  the  western 
shore  of  the  lake. 

In  September,  1680,  soon  after  La  Salle 
and    Tonty    reached    the    Illinois    country, 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


31 


and  while  Tonty  was  still  there,  the  Iro- 
quois from  New  York  again  attacked  the 
Illinois.  "With  great  slaughter  they  defeat- 
ed this  hitherto  invincible  people ;  laid 
waste  their  great  city  and  scattered  them 
in  broken  bands  over  their  wide  domain. 
From  this  terrible  blow  the  Illinois  never 
recovered."  (Caton,  "Last  of  the  Illinois"; 
Mason,  Id.,  pp.  99-103.) 

During  the  succeeding  century  the  Illi- 
nois— lovers  of  peace,  who  had  welcomed 
the  explorer  and  the  missionary — broken  in 
spirit,  their  courage  gone,  decimated  by 
drink  and  disease  and  scattered  by  their 
enemies,  struggled  with  waning  fortunes, 
ending  their  existence  in  the  historic  trag- 
edy of  Starved  Rock,  about  the  year  1770, 
from  which  but  eleven  of  their  number 
escaped. 

An  Indian  boy — a  Pottawatomie — saw 
the  last  remnant  of  this  once  proud  and 
powerful  nation,  brave  warriors,  their  wo- 
men and  little  children,  huddled  together 
upon  the  half  acre  of  ground  that  crowns 
the  summit  of  Starved  Rock ;  saw  the  fierce 
and  war-like  Pottawatomies  and  Ottawas 
swarm  for  days  around  them,  and  perform 
by  the  torture  of  siege  and  starvation  what 
they  could  not  do  by  force  of  arms.  When 
the  little  stock  of  food  was  gone,  and  de- 
spair drove  the  Illinois  to  make  the  last 
brave  dash  for  liberty  in  the  darkness  of 
the  stormy  night,  he  heard  the  yells  and 
clash  of  the  fighting  warriors  and  the  dying 
shrieks  of  the  helpless  women  and  children. 
Years  afterward,  when  this  Indian  lad 
(Meachelle)  had  grown  to  be  the  principal 
chief  of  the  Pottawatomies,  he  related  these 
incidents  to  Judge  Caton.  Let  him  who 
cares  for  tragedy  read  what  the  learned 
Judge  says  of  this — the  last  of  the  Illinois. 

The  Pottawatomies. — The  Pottawato- 
mies were  of  the  Algonquin  tribes.  Their 
power  was  severely  felt  by  the  British 
when  at  war  with  the  French  and  in  the 


later  Indian  war  led  by  Pontiac.  When 
Allouez  and  the  other  Jesuit  Fathers  first 
visited  Green  Bay,  in  1670,  the  Pottawato- 
mies were  living  along  its  shores,  and  these 
Jesuits  are  probably  the  first  white  men  who 
saw  them  in  their  homes.  Green  Bay  at 
that  time  was  their  permanent  abode, 
though  they  roamed  far  away  and  extended 
their  visits  over  much  of  the  territory 
around  Lake  Superior,  where  delegations 
of  them  were  seen  as  early  as  1665,  and  in 
1670,  '71  and  'j2.  by  the  Jesuit  Fathers, 
whom  they  frequently  visited  and  invited 
to  their  homes  at  Green  Bay.  In  those  days 
they  were  not  known  in  this  locality,  for 
Joliet  and  Marquette,  returning  from  the 
Mississippi  and  the  Illinois  country  in  1674, 
met  none  of  the  Pottawatomies  in  this  re- 
gion. 

The  date  when  they  left  Green  Bay  is  not 
certain,  or  whether  they  emigrated  from 
there  as  a  whole  or  in  parties,  but  it  is  a 
matter  of  history  that,  early  in  the  eigh- 
teenth century  (authorities  differ  as  to  the 
date),  they  scattered  to  the  south  and  east 
and,  thereafter,  occupied  the  Southern 
Peninsula  of  Michigan,  Northeastern  Illi- 
nois and  the  northern  part  of  Indiana. 
Their  advance  into  Illinois  was  sometimes 
accomplished  with  good-natured  tolerance 
on  the  part  of  the  Illinois  tribes,  and  some- 
times by  actual  violence.  This  emigration 
divided  the  tribe  into  two  rather  distinct 
classes,  so  that  we  often  find,  even  in  re- 
cent Government  reports,  the  Pottawato- 
mies of  Michigan  and  Indiana  designated 
as  those  of  the  Woods,  and  those  of  Illinois 
as  those  of  the  Prairie,  or  "The  Prairie 
Band." 

The  exclusive  possession  of  this  territorv 
by  the  Pottawatomies  dates  from  the  siege 
of  Starved  Rock  and  the  extinction  of  the 
Illinois.  The  Pottawatomies  and  Ottawas 
supposed  that  the  Illinois  were  accessory  to 
the  murder  of  Pontiac,  who  was  killed  in 


32 


OUR  INDIAN  PREDECESSORS 


1769  by  an  Illinois  Indian,  bribed  for  the 
deed  with  a  barrel  of  whiskey.  They  loved 
and  obeyed  this  great  Indian  chieftain  of 
the  Oattawas  and  wreaked  dire  vengeance 
for  his  death  upon  the  luckless  Illinois,  and 
the  date  of  the  massacre  at  Starved  Rock 
and  their  permanent  occupation  of  this  ter- 
ritory is  generally  fixed  as  soon  after  Pon- 
tiac's  death.  No  record  of  their  permanent 
residence  at  Green  Bay  succeeds  this  date. 

The  Pottavvatomies  were  of  commanding 
importance  in  this  locality  thereafter,  and 
even  before,  for  in  1763  they  sent  a  delega- 
tion of  450  warriors  to  the  Algonquin  Con- 
ference at  Niagara  Falls,  and,  as  we  all 
know,  they  were  the  last  Indians  to  yield 
their  place  in  this  State  to  the  inevitable 
westward  march  of  the  white  man,  when 
the  tomahawk  gave  way  forever  to  the 
plowshare. 

As  already  stated,  the  Pottawatomies  of 
the  Woods  became,  in  time,  a  different  peo- 
ple than  their  western  brothers ;  they  were 
susceptible  to  the  influence  of  civilization 
and  religion ;  took  kindly  to  agriculture  to 
supplement  the  fruits  of  the  chase. 

It  was  very  different,  however,  with  the 
Illinois  Pottawatomies — the  prairie  In- 
dians. Judge  Caton  says  of  them:  "They 
despised  the  cultivation  of  the  soil  as  too 
mean  even  for  their  women  and  children, 
and  deemed  the  captures  of  the  chase  the 
only  fit  food  for  a  valorous  people."  They 
paid  little  attention  to  the  religion  of  the 
white  man. 

"If  they  understood  something  of  the 
principles  of  the  Christian  religion  which 
were  told  them,  they  listened  to  it  as  a 
sort  of  theory  which  might  be  well  adapted 
to  the  white  man's  condition,  but  was  not 
fitted  for  them,  nor  they  for  it.  They  en- 
joyed the  wild,  roving  life  of  the  prairie, 
and,  in  common  with  most  all  other  native 
Americans,  were  vain  of  their  prowess  and 
manhood,   both   in   war  and    in   the   chase. 


They  did  not  settle  down  for  a  great  length 
of  time  in  a  given  place,  but  roamed  across 
the  broad  prairies,  from  one  grove  or  belt 
of  timber  to  another,  either  in  single  fami- 
lies or  in  small  bands,  packing  their  few 
effects,  their  children,  and  infirm  on  their 
little  Indian  ponies.  They  always  traveled 
in  Indian  file  upon  well-beaten  trails,  con- 
necting, by  the  most  direct  routes,  promi- 
nent trading  posts.  These  native  highways 
served  as  guides  to  our  early  settlers,  who 
followed  them  with  as  much  confidence  as 
we  now  do  the  roads  laid  out  and  worked 
by  civilized  man." 

Schoolcraft  says  they  were  tall  of  stature, 
fierce  and  haughty. 

The  portable  wigwams  of  the  Pottawato- 
mies were  made  of  flags  or  rushes,  woven 
and  lapped  ingeniously  together.  This  ma- 
terial was  wound  around  a  framework  of 
poles,  meeting  at  the  top.  Through  a  hole 
in  the  apex  of  the  roof,  left  for  the  purpose, 
the  smoke  escaped  from  the  fire  in  the  cen  ■ 
ter ;  the  floor  was  generally  of  mats  of  tlie 
same  material  spread  around  the  fire.  Their 
beds  were  of  buflFalo  robes  and  deer  skins 
thrown  over  the  mats.  The  door  consisted 
of  a  simple  opening  covered  with  a  mat  or 
robe. 

Chicago  was  an  important  rendezvous 
for  them,  as  it  had  previously  been  for  the 
Illinois.  There  they  signed  an  important 
treaty  with  the  United  States  in  1821,  ced- 
ing some  5,000,000  acres  in  Michigan  and 
other  treaties,  which  will  receive  later  men- 
tion, and  here  they  held,  in  1835,  immedi- 
ately preceding  their  removal  to  the  West, 
their  last  grand  council  and  war  dance  in 
the  presence  of  the  early  settlers  of  Chica- 
go and  5.000  of  their  tribe. 

The  Ottawas  were  the  firm  allies  of  the 
Pottawatomies,  as  were  also  the  Chippewas 
(Ojibways)  and  all  three  tribes  were  close- 
ly related,  not  only  as  friends  and  allies,  but 
by  ties  of  blood  and  kinship,  and  they  gen- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


33 


erally  joined  in  signing  treaties ;  some 
writers  assert  that  they  were  formerly  one 
nation. 

In  the  war  of  1812  the  Pottawatomies, 
at  least  in  part,  were  against  the  United 
States,  although  they  fought  the  British 
under  Pontiac  in  1763.  In  the  Black  Hawk 
War  of  1832  they  remained  true  to  our 
Government,  although  it  was  with  difficulty 
that  some  of  their  young  warriors  were  re- 
strained from  joining  the  Sacs  and  Foxes. 
They  participated  in  the  Battle  of  Tippeca- 
noe, and  stamped  their  names  forever  upon 
the  history  of  Chicago  by  the  Fort  Dear- 
born massacre.  They  were  not  only  actively 
concerned  in  all  the  warlike  transactions  of 
their  time,  but  among  their  numbers  were 
some  of  the  most  noted  orators  of  history. 

Ouilmette  Reservation  and  Family. 
— The  Ouilmette  reservation  and  its  for- 
mer occupants  and  owners  have  been  the 
subject  of  much  solicitude  and  investiga- 
tion, not  entirely  for  historical  purposes, 
but  more  especially  that  the  white  man 
might  know  that  he  had  a  good,  white 
man's  title  to  the  Indian's  land.  The  south- 
ern boundary  was  Central  Street,  or  a  line 
due  west  from  the  light-house ;  the  eastern 
boundary  the  lake ;  the  northern  boundary 
a  little  south  of  Kenilworth,  and  the  west- 
ern boundary  a  little  west  of  the  western 
terminus  of  the  present  street-car  line  on 
Central  Street,  from  which  it  will  be  seen 
that  some  300  acres  of  the  Reservation  falls 
within  the  city  limits  of  Evanston,  while  the 
remainder  includes  almost  the  whole  of  our 
nearest  neighbor  to  the  north — the  Village 
of  Wilmette. 

The  reservation  takes  its  name  from  its 
original  owner,  Archange  Ouilmette,  wife 
of  Antoine  Ouilmette,  described  in  the  or- 
iginal Treaty  and  Patent  from  the  United 
States  as  a  Pottawatomie  woman.  The 
name  given  the  village — Wilmette — origi- 
nates from  the  phonetic  spelling  of  the 
French   name   "O-u-i-1-m-e-t-t-e." 


There  are  many  interesting  facts  regard- 
ing Ouilmette  and  his  family,  some  of  which 
I  will  mention :  Antoine,  the  husband,  was 
a  Frenchman,  who,  like  many  of  his  coun- 
trymen, came  to  the  West  in  early  days  and 
married  an  Indian  wife.  He  was  one  of  the 
first  white  residents  of  Chicago ;  some  of 
the  authorities  say  that,  with  the  exception 
of  Marquette,  he  was  the  very  first.  He 
was  born  at  a  place  called  Lahndrayh,  near 
Montreal,  Canada,  in  the  year  1760.  His 
first  employment  was  with  the  American 
Fur  Company,  in  Canada,  and  he  came  to 
Chicago  in  the  employ  of  that  company  in 
the  year  1790. 

This  striking  figure  in  our  local  history 
is  sadly  neglected  in  most,  if  not  all,  the  his- 
torical writings.  Almost  every  one  knows 
that  the  Village  of  Wilmette  was  named 
after  its  former  owner ;  many  misinformed 
persons  speak  of  him  as  an  Indian  chief ; 
a  few  of  the  writers  merely  mention  his 
name  as  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Chi- 
cago. And  that  has  been  the  beginning  and 
the  end  of  his  written  history. 

Ouilmette's  occupation  cannot  be  more 
definitely  stated  than  to  say  that,  at  one 
time,  he  was  an  employe  of  John  Kinzie, 
and  in  turn  Indian  trader,  hunter  and  farm- 
er. He  was  a  type  of  the  early  French 
voyageurs,  who  lived  and  died  among  their 
Indian  friends,  loving  more  the  hardships 
and  excitement  of  the  Western  frontier 
than  the  easier  life  of  Eastern  civilization. 

If  a  detailed  account  of  all  he  saw  and 
did  could  be  written  we  would  have  a  com- 
plete history  of  Chicago,  Evanston  and  all 
the  North  Shore  during  the  eventful  fifty 
years  intervening  between   1790  and   1840. 

It  appears  from  a  letter  signed  with  "his 
mark,"  written  and  witnessed  by  one  James 
Moore,  dated  at  Racine,  June  i,  1839,  that 
he  came  to  Chicago  in  July,  1790.  A  fac- 
simile of  this  letter,  which  is  addressed  to 
Mr.  John  H.  Kinzie,  appears  in  Blanchard's 
History  of  Chicago  (p.  574),  and  contains 


34 


OUR  INDIAN  PREDECESSORS 


some  interesting  facts,  both  historical  and 
personal.  He  says: 

"I  caim  into  Chicago  in  the  year  1790  in  July 
witness  old  Mr.  Veaux  .  .  .  and  Mr  Griano 
.  .  .  These  men  ware  living  in  the  country  Be- 
fore the  war  with  the  winnebagoes.  Trading  with 
them  I  saw  the  Indians  Brake  open  the  Door  of 
my  house  and  also  the  Door  of  Mr.  Kinzie's 
House.  At  first  there  was  only  three  indians  come. 
They  told  me  there  was  Forty  more  coming  and 
they  told  me  to  run.  i  Did  So.  in  nine  days  all  I 
found  left  of  my  things  was  the  feathers  of  my 
beds  scattered  about  The  floor,  the  amount  Dis- 
troyed  By  them  at  that  time  was  about  Eight 
hundred  Dollars.  Besides  your  fathar  and  me 
Had  about  four  hundred  hogs  Distroyed  by  the 
Saim  indians  and  nearly  at  the  Saim  time,  fur- 
ther particulars  when  I  See  you.  I  wish  you  to 
write  me  whether  it  is  best  for  me  to  come  thare 
or  for  you  to  come  hear  and  how  son  it  must  be 
Done" 

"Yours  with  Respect" 

his 
Antone  X  Ouilmette" 

"Jas.    Moore"  mark 

Ouilmette  owned  and  occupied  one  of 
the  four  cabins  that  constituted  the  settle- 
ment of  Chicago  in  1803.  The  other  resi- 
dents were  Kinzie,  Burns  and  Lee  (Kirk- 
land's  "Story  of  Chicago,"  "Andreas'  His- 
tory of  Chicago,"  Mrs.  William  Whistler's 
letter,  written  in  1875.) 

Ouilmette  had  eight  children,  four  sons 
and  four  daughters,  viz. : — Joseph,  Louis, 
Francis,  Mitchell,  Elizabeth,  Archange,  Jos- 
ette  and  Sophia ;  also  an  adopted  daughter, 
Archange  Trombla,  who,  on  August  3, 
1830,  married  John  Mann,  who  in  early 
times  ran  a  ferry  at  Calumet.  (Authority 
John  Wentworth  and  Sophia  Martell,  the 
only  surviving  daughter  of  Antoine  Ouil- 
mette.) 

Ouilmette  was  in  Chicago  at  the  time  of 

the  massacre  of  the  garrison  of  Old  Fort 

Dearborn    in    1812   by   the    Pottawatomies, 

and   his    family   was   instrumental,   at   that 

time,   in   saving  the   lives   of  at  least   two 

whites.    Mrs.  John  H.  Kinzie  in  her  book, 

"Wau-bun"   (the  early  day),  describes  the 

circumstances : 

"The  next  day  after  Black  Partridge,  the  Pot- 
tawatomie Chief,  had  saved  the  life  of  Mrs.  Helm 
in  the  massacre  on  the  lake  shore  (commemorated 


by  the  monument  recently  erected  at  the  place),  a 
hand  of  "the  most  hostile  and  implacable  of  all  the 
tribes  of  the  Pottawatomies"  arrived  at  Chicago 
and,  disappointed  at  their  failure  to  participate  in 
the  massacre  and  plunder,  were  ready  to  wreak 
vengeance  on  the  survivors,  including  Mrs.  Helm 
and  other  members  of  Mr.  Kinzie's  family.  Mrs. 
Kinzie  says  ("Wau-bun"  pages  235,  240)  : 

"Black  Partridge  had  watched  their  approach, 
and  his  fears  were  particularly  awakened  for  the 
safety  of  Mrs.  Helm  (Mr.  Kinzie's  step-daughter). 
By  his  advice  she  was  made  to  assume  the  ordi- 
nary dress  of  a  French  woman  of  the  country.     . 

"In  this  disguise  she  was  conducted  by  Black 
Partridge  himself  to  the  house  of  Ouilmette,  a 
Frenchman  with  a  half-breed  wife,  who  formed 
a  part  of  the  establishment  of  Mr.  Kinzie,  and 
whose  dwelling  was  close  at  hand.  .  .  It  so 
happened  that  the  Indians  came  first  to  this  house 
in  their  search  for  prisoners.  As  they  approached, 
the  inmates,  fearful  that  the  fair  complexion  and 
general  appearance  of  Mrs.  Helm  might  betray 
her  for  an  American,  raised  a  large  feather  bed 
and  placed  her  under  the  edge  of  it,  upon  the 
bedstead,  with  her  face  to  the  wall.  Mrs.  Bison, 
the  sister  of  Ouilmette's  wife,  then  seated  herself 
with  her  sewing  upon  the  foot  of  the  bed." 

It  was  a  hot  day  in  August  and  Mrs. 
Helm  suffered  so  much  from  her  position 
and  was  so  nearly  suffocated  that  she  en- 
treated to  be  released  and  given  up  to  the 
Indians.  "I  can  but  die,"  said  she;  "let  them 
put  an  end  to  my  misery  at  once."  When 
they  assured  her  that  her  discovery  would 
be  the  death  of  all  of  them,  she  remained 
quiet. 

"The  Indians  entered  and  she  could  occasion- 
ally see  them  from  her  hiding  place,  gliding  about 
and  stealthily  inspecting  every  part  of  the  room, 
though  without  making  any  ostensible  search,  un- 
til apparently  satisfied  that  there  was  no  one  con- 
cealed, they  left  the  house.  .  .  All  this  time 
Mrs.  Bison  had  kept  her  seat  upon  the  side  of  the 
bed,  calmly  sorting  and  arranging  the  patch  work 
of  the  quilt  on  which  she  was  then  engaged  and 
preserving  the  appearance  of  the  utmost  tranquil- 
lity, although  she  knew  not  but  the  next  moment 
she  might  receive  a  tomahawk  in  her  brain.  Her 
self  command  unquestionably  saved  the  lives  of 
all  present.  .  .  From  Ouilmette's  house  the 
party  proceeded  to  the  dwelling  of  Mr.   Kinzie." 

The  Indians  had  just  left  Ouilmette's 
house  when  one  Griffin,  a  non-commis- 
sioned officer,  who  had  escaped  and  had 
been  concealed  among  the  currant  bushes  of 
Ouilmette's  garden,  climbed  into  Ouil- 
mette's house  through  a  window  to  hide 
from  the  Indians.  "The  family  stripped  him 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


35 


of  his  uniform  and  arrayed  him  in  a  suit  of 
deer  skin,  with  belt,  moccasins  and  pipe, 
like  a  French  engage,"  in  which  disguise  he 
also  escaped. 

After  the  massacre,  when  John  Kinzie 
and  all  the  other  white  settlers  and  their 
families  fled  from  the  place,  Ouilmette  and 
his  family  remained,  and  he  was  the  only 
white  resident  of  Chicago  for  the  following 
four  years,  1812  to  1816.  (Kirkland's  "Story 
of  Chicago" ;  Hurlbut's  "Chicago  Antiqui- 
ties.") 

In  1814  Alexander  Robinson  (afterwards 
chief  of  the  Pottawatomies)  came  to  Chi- 
cago, and  he  and  Ouilmette  cultivated  the 
field  formerly  used  as  the  garden  of  old 
Fort  Dearborn ;  they  raised  good  crops  of 
corn  and  sold  the  crop  of  1816  to  Captain 
Bradley,  after  his  arrival  at  Chicago  to  re- 
build the  fort.  (Andreas'  "History  of  Chi- 
cago.") 

He  was  still  in  Chicago  in  182 1.  (An- 
dreas', Id. ;  Kirkland,  Id.) 

He  had  horses  and  oxen  and  other  stock 
in  abundance.  In  early  days  he  kept  a 
small  store  in  Chicago  and  used  to  tow 
boats  into  the  Chicago  River  with  his  ox 
teams.  He  also  furnished  the  Fort  Dear- 
born garrison  with  meat  and  fuel  and  car- 
ried on  trading  operations  with  the  Indians 
along  the  North  Shore  and  in  Canada, 
where  he  frequently  went.  (Authority, 
Sophia  Martell.) 

Mrs.  Archibald  Clybourne  says  that  Ouil- 
mette raised  sheep  when  he  lived  in  Chica- 
go, and  that  her  mother,  Mrs.  Galloway, 
used  to  purchase  the  wool  of  him  with 
which  she  spun  yarn  and  knit  stockings  for 
the  Fort  Dearborn  soldiers. 

Ouilmette  was  a  thrifty  Frenchman.  In 
1825  he  was  one  of  the  principal  taxpayers 
in  Chicago  and  paid  $4.00  taxes  that  year 
upon  property  valued  at  $400,  as  appears 
by  an  old  tax  roll,  dated  July  25th  of  that 
year  (Blanchard's  "History  of  Chicago,"  p. 


517),  from  which  rate  of  taxation  it  would 
seem  that  the  burden  of  "taxing  bodies,"  of 
which  we  hear  so  much  in  these  days,  began 
very  early  in  Chicago's  history.  With  one 
exception,  none  of  the  fourteen  taxpayers 
of  that  year  owned  property  in  excess  of 
$1,000.  John  Kinzie's  holdings  appear  on 
the  same  roll  as  worth  $500,  while  those  of 
John  B.  Beaubien  are  set  down  at  $1,000; 
the  lowest  man  on  the  list  is  Joseph  La 
Framboise,  who  paid  fifty  cents  on  property 
valued  at  $50,  and  Ouilmette's  taxes  appear 
considerably  above  the  average  in  amount. 
He  also  appears  as  a  voter  upon  the  poll 
book  of  an  election  held  at  Chicago  on 
August  7,  1826,  at  which  election  it  is  said 
he  voted  for  John  Quincy  Adams  for  Pres- 
ident (Blanchard,  Id.,  p.  519),  which  is  the 
last  record  I  have  been  able  to  find  of  his 
residence  in  Chicago. 

The  Treaty  of  Prairie  du  Chien,  in  de- 
scribing the  boundaries  of  a  part  of  the 
lands  ceded  by  the  Indians,  and  dated  July 
29,  1829,  begins  the  description  as  follows : 

"Beginning  on  the  western  shore  of  Lake 
Michigan,  at  the  northeast  corner  of  the 
field  of  Antoine  Ouilmette,  who  lives  near 
Gross  Point,  about  twelve  (12)  miles  north 
from  Chicago,  thence  due  west  to  the  Rock 
River,"  which  is  the  first  evidence  I  have 
found  of  Ouilmette's  residence  in  this  vi- 
cinity, although  he  was  married  to  Arch- 
ange  in  1796  or  1797  at  "Gross  Point,"  or 
what  is  now  Wilmette  Village,  this  being 
the  first  North  Shore  wedding  of  which 
there  is  any  history.  (Authority,  Sophia 
Martell.) 

Ouilmette  was  a  Roman  Catholic.  In 
April,  1833,  he  joined  with  Alexander  Rob- 
inson, Billy  Caldwell,  several  of  the  Beau- 
biens  and  others,  in  a  petition  to  the  Bishop 
of  the  diocese  of  Missouri,  at  St.  Louis, 
asking  for  the  establishment  of  the  first 
Catholic  Church  in  Chicago.  The  petition 
(written  in  French)  says:   "A  priest  should 


36 


OUR  INDIAN  PREDECESSORS 


be  sent  there  before  other  sects  obtain  the 
upper  hand,  which  very  likely  they  will  try 
to  do."  The  early  enterprise  of  the  church 
is  demonstrated  by  the  fact  that  the  peti- 
tion was  received  on  April  i6th  and  grant- 
ed the  next  day.  (Andreas'  "History  of 
Chicago.") 

From  the  foregoing  facts  it  is  evident 
that  Ouilmette  located  in  Chicago  in  1790, 
and  lived  there  for  over  thirty-six  years, 
and  that  «or-c  tin"?  he^v/e'^n  1826  and  1829 
he  located  within  the  present  limits  of  Ev- 
anston  or  Wilmette  Village,  and  certainly 
within  the  Reservation. 

Mrs.  Kinzie  took  Ouilmette 's  daughter 
Josette  with  her  to  the  Indian  Agency,  of 
which  her  husband  was  in  charge  at  Old 
Fort  Winnebago  in  Wisconsin,  on  her  re- 
turn from  Chicago  in  183 1.  She  describes 
her  ("Wau-bun,"  300)  as  "  a  little  bound 
girl,  a  bright,  pretty  child  of  ten  years  of 
age.  She  had  been  at  the  Saint  Joseph's 
Mission  School."  Mrs.  Kinzie,  at  the  time 
of  the  Black  Hawk  war  (1832)  fled  from 
Fort  Winnebago  to  Green  Bay  in  a  canoe 
and  took  this  same  little  Josette  Ouilmette 
with  her  ("Wau-bun,"  426). 

That  Josette  was  a  protege  of  the  Kinzie 
family,  and  that  they  took  a  lively  interest 
in  her  welfare,  further  appears  from  the 
treaty  of  1833  with  the  Pottawatomies  at 
Chicago.  She  is  personally  provided  for, 
probably  at  the  demand  of  the  Kinzies,  in 
the  following  words:  "To  Josette  Ouil- 
mette (John  H.  Kinzie,  Trustee),  $200." 
The  other  children  did  not  fare  so  well,  for 
the  Treaty  further  provides,  "To  Antoine 
Ouilmette's  children,  $300." 

Archange  Ouilmette,  wife  of  Antoine, 
was  a  squaw  of  the  Pottawatomie  tribe,  be- 
longing to  a  band  of  that  tribe  located  at 
the  time  she  was  married  at  what  is  now 
Wilmette  Village,  although  the  band  were 
constant  rovers  over  what  is  now  Illinois, 
Michigan,   Indiana  and   Wisconsin.    While 


.■\rchange  was  of  the  Pottawatomie  tribe  her 
father  was  a  white  man,  a  trader  in  the  em- 
ploy of  the  American  Fur  Company,  a 
Frenchman,  bearing  the  rather  striking 
name  of  Francois  Chevallier.  Archange 
was  born  at  Sugar  Creek,  Michigan,  about 
1764  and  died  at  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa,  in 
1840.  (Authority,  Sophia  Martell,  daugh- 
ter, and  Israel  Martell,  grandson  of  An- 
toine.) 

John  Wentworth  says  in  his  reminis- 
cences that  Ouilmette's  daughter,  Eliza- 
beth, married  for  her  first  husband  en  May 
II,  1830,  Michael  Welch,  "the  first  Irish- 
man in  Chicago." 

This  wedding,  with  the  son  of  Erin 
groom  and  the  Pottawatomie  bride,  was 
celebrated  in  an  old  log  cabin  that  stood 
until  some  two  years  ago  (1903)  on  the 
east  side  of  Sheridan  Road,  at  Kenilworth, 
and  about  two  blocks  north  of  the  Kenil- 
worth water  tower.  I  secured  a  kodak  pic- 
ture of  this  log  cabin  shortly  before  it  was 
removed,  copy  of  which  appears  on  an 
adjoining  page.  This  cabin  was  built 
by  one  John  Doyle,  who,  considering  his 
name  and  date  of  residence,  may  be  safely 
designated  "the  first  Irishman  of  the  North 
Shore,"  for  I  am  sure  there  are  few  who 
can  successfully  dispute  my  statement,  nor 
do  I  see  any  reason  why  the  North  Shore 
should  not  have  its  "first  Irishman"  as  well 
as  Chicago. 

My  authority  as  to  this  being  the  house 
where  the  wedding  was  celebrated  is  Mr. 
Charles  S.  Raddin,  of  Evanston,  who  se- 
cured the  information  some  years  ago  from 
Mrs.  Archibald  Clybourne,  who  may  have 
been  present  at  the  wedding,  although  Mr. 
Raddin  neglected  to  ask  her.  Mr.  Raddin 
was  further  neglectful  in  failing  to  get  the 
name  of  the  best  man  and  the  maid  of  hon- 
or, and  whether  they  were  Irish  or  Potta- 
watomie. The  ceremony  was  performed  by 
John  B.  Beaubien,  a  Justice  of  the  Peace,  as 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


17 


is  shown  beyond  question  by  the  records  of 
Peoria  County. 

Ouihiiette  and  his  family  lived  in  this 
cabin  at  the  time  of  this  wedding,  and  for 
some  time  thereafter  (authority,  Sophia 
Martell,  who  also  corroborates  Mr.  Raddin 
regarding  her  sister's  marriage),  although 
their  most  permanent  abode  was  about  a 
mile  south  of  there,  as  will  be  shown  later. 

The  Treaty  of  Prairie  du  Chien  with  the 
Chippewas,  Ottawas  and  Pottawatomies,  by 
which  the  Reservation  was  ceded  to  Ouil- 
mette's  wife,  was  concluded  July  29,  1829. 
Among  other  provisions  of  land  for  In- 
dians and  others,  Article  4  of  the  Treaty 
provides  as  follows :  "To  Archange  Ouil- 
mette,  a  Pottawatomie  woman,  wife  of  An- 
toine,  two  sections  for  herself  and  her  chil- 
dren on  Lake  Michigan,  south  of  and  ad- 
joining the  northern  boundary  of  the  ces- 
sion herein  made  by  the  Indians  aforesaid 
to  the  United  States.  .  .  .  The  tracts 
of  land  herein  stipulated  to  be  granted  shall 
never  be  leased  or  conveyed  by  the  grantees, 
or  their  heirs,  to  any  person  whatever,  with- 
out the  permission  of  the  President  of  the 
United  States." 

The  land  was  surveyed  by  the  Govern- 
ment surveyors  in  1842,  and  the  patent 
therefor  was  issued  October  29th  of  the 
same  year. 

Site  of  Evanston  Lands  Acquired 
From  the  Indians. — This  treaty  is  of 
special  historical  interest.  By  it  the  United 
States  acquired  title  from  the  Indians  to  all 
of  the  land  within  the  city  limits  of  Evans- 
ton  and  great  tracts  to  the  west,  bounded 
as  follows :  Beginning  at  the  north  line  of 
Ouilmette's  reservation,  or  a  little  south  of 
Kenilworth  on  the  Lake  Shore,  due  west 
to  the  Rock  River,  thence  down  the 
river  and  east  of  it  to  the  Indian 
boundary  line  on  Fox  River,  estab- 
lished by  the  treaty  of  1816;  thence 
northeasterly  on  that  line  to  Lake  Michi- 


gan, thence  north  along  the  lake  shore  to 
the  place  of  beginning.  (The  line  men- 
tioned as  running  "northeasterly  to  Lake 
Michigan'"  is  the  center  of  the  street  in 
Rogers  Park,  known  for  many  years  and 
in  our  records  as  the  "Indian  Boundary 
Road,"  now  unfortunately  changed  by  di- 
rection of  the  City  Council  of  Chicago  to 
"Rogers  Avenue."  It  is  about  half  way 
between  Calvary  Cemetery  and  the  Rog- 
ers Park  depot ;  crosses  Clark  Street  or 
Chicago  Avenue  at  the  site  of  the  old  toll- 
gate  and  Justice  Murphy's  birthplace  on 
the  opposite  corner). 

There  should  be  active  co-operation  in 
restoring  the  name  "Indian  Boundary"  to 
this  highway.  I  am  informed  that  the  name 
was  changed  at  the  solicitation  of  Mr.  Rog- 
ers' family.  He  was,  no  doubt,  a  worthy 
pioneer,  but  his  name  seems  to  have  been 
sufificiently  perpetuated  by  the  name  Rog- 
ers' Park,  which  was  the  former  village 
now  annexed  to  Chicago.  There  is,  too,  a 
railroad  station  there  of  that  name,  and 
many  real  estate  subdivisions  also  bearing 
his  name.  This  Indian  Boundary  line  is 
not  only  a  great  land  mark,  but  the  treaty 
which  fixed  it  had  great  historical  signif- 
icance in  the  development  of  Illinois.  This 
line  is  referred  to  in  many  maps,  surveys, 
deeds  and  conveyances,  is  in  part  the  divid- 
ing line  between  the  cities  of  Chicago  and 
Evanston,  runs  in  a  southwesterly  direc- 
tion, intersecting  other  roads  and  streets 
in  such  manner  as  to  make  it  an  important 
and  distinctive  highway,  the  importance  of 
which  will  grow  more  and  more  as  the 
years  go  by.  The  disinclination  of  the 
City  Council  to  disturb  historical  land- 
marks by  changing  the  names  of  old  high- 
ways should  surely  have  been  exercised  in 
this  instance,  and  one  of  the  aldermen  of 
that  ward,  Mr.  W.  P.  Dunn,  assures  me 
that  he  agrees  with  this  sentiment. 

This   treaty    also   included    a   vast   terri- 


38 


OUR  INDIAN  PREDECESSORS 


tory  lying  between  the  Mississippi  and 
Rock  rivers  in  Illinois  and  Wisconsin,  and 
was  planned,  it  is  said,  with  reference  to 
the  succeeding  Treaty  of  Chicago  in  1833, 
to  finally  clear  Western  Illinois  and  South- 
ern Wisconsin  of  the  Indians.  "By  its  pro- 
visions the  Indians  became  completely 
hemmed  in  or  surrounded.  To  use  a  com- 
mon saying  in  playing  checkers,  the  In- 
dians were  driven  into  the  'single  corner' 
before  they  were  aware  of  it."    Haines,  p 

554-) 

This  treaty  was  the  entering  wedge,  de- 
signed, as  above  stated,  to  eventually  oust 
the  Pottawatomies  and  other  tribes  from 
Illinois  and  Wisconsin,  and  the  manner  in 
which  its  execution  was  secured  reflects 
no  credit  upon  our  nation.  If  the  writers 
who  have  investigated  the  subject  can  be 
relied  upon,  hardly  any  treaty  with  the  In- 
dians ever  made  is  subject  to  more  just 
criticism. 

Story  of  the  Ouilmette  Reservation.^ 
It  is  claimed  by  Elijah  M.  Haines,  au- 
thor of  "The  American  Indian,"  that  the 
two  sections  of  land  constituting  the  Ouil- 
mette Reservation,  were  given  to  Ouil- 
mette's  wife  and  children  as  a  bribe  for  the 
husband's  influence  in  securing  the  execu- 
tion of  this  treaty.  Mr.  Haines,  late  of 
Waukegan,  was  for  some  years  Speaker  of 
the  Illinois  House  of  Representatives,  and 
spent  a  portion  of  each  year,  for  many 
years,  among  the  Indians.  In  his  book  he 
devotes  some  ten  pages  (550-560)  to  "the 
ingenious  work  in  overreaching  the  In- 
dians in  procuring  the  execution  of  this 
treaty,"  from  which  it  appears,  if  Mr. 
Haines  is  correct,  that  plans  were  laid  in 
advance  by  the  Government's  agents  to 
carry  it  through  by  electing  chiefs  to  fill 
vacancies  in  the  Pottawatomie  tribe,  who 
were  not  only  friendly  to  the  whites,  but 
who  were  parties  to  a  prior  conspiracy  to 
dupe  the  Indians.     As  the  author  says,  "the 


jury  being  thus  successfully  packed,  the 
verdict  was  awaited  as  a  matter  of  form." 
Mr.  Haines  seems  to  have  reached  this  con- 
clusion after  careful  investigation,  includ- 
ing personal  interviews  with  some  of  the 
principals,  among  whom  was  Alexander 
Robinson,  one  of  the  chiefs  who  was  elected 
at  the  very  time  the  treaty  was  signed.  Mr. 
Haines  sets  out  a  personal  interview  be- 
tween himself  and  Robinson  on  the  sub- 
ject, which  is  as  follows:  - 

"Mr.  Robinson,  when  and  how  did  you  become 
a  chief?" 

"Me  made  chief  at  the  treaty  of  Prairie  du 
Chien." 

"How  did  you  happen  to  be  made  chief?" 

"Old  Wilmette,  he  come  to  me  one  day  and 
he  say:  Dr.  Wolcott"  (then  Indian  agent  at  Chi- 
cago, who  Mr.  Haines  says,  planned  the  deal) 
"want  me  and  Billy  Caldwell  to  be  chief.  He 
ask  me  if  I  will.  Me  say  yes,  if  Dr.  Wolcott  want 
me  to  be." 

"After  the  Indians  had  met  together  at  Prairie 
du  Chien  for  the  Treaty,  what  was  the  first  thing 
done?" 

"The  first  thing  they  do  they  make  me  and  Billy 
Caldwell  chiefs;  then  we  be  chiefs  .  .  .  then 
we  all  go  and  make  the  treaty." 

Chiefs  Robinson  and  Caldwell  were  hand- 
somely taken  care  of,  both  in  this  treaty 
and  subsequent  ones,  in  the  way  of  an- 
nuities, cash  and  lands,  as  were  also  their 
friends.  Archange  Ouilmette,  Indian  wife 
of  the  man  designated  by  Chief  Robinson 
as  "Old  Wilmette,"  and  her  children  thus, 
according  to  Mr.  Haines,  secured  the  two 
sections  of  land  constituting  the  Reserva- 
tion under  discussion,  and  which  seems  to 
show  that  Ouilmette  was,  indeed,  as  al- 
ready stated,  a  thrifty  Frenchman. 

There  is  ample  ground,  however,  for 
disagreement  with  Mr.  Haines  in  his  volun- 
tary criticism  of  Ouilmette  in  this  trans- 
action. It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that 
Ouilmette  and  his  family  were  not  only 
friendly  to  the  whites  during  the  stirring 
and  perilous  times  at  Chicago  in  the  War 
of  1812,  but  they  themselves  had  suffered 
depredations  at  the  hands  of  the  Indians, 
as  shown  by  Ouilmette's  letter  to  John  H. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


39 


Kinzie.  Then,  too,  he  was  occupying  this 
very  land,  then  of  Httle  value,  and  consid- 
ering his  fidelity  to  the  Government,  not- 
withstanding his  marriage  to  a  Pottawato- 
mie wife,  it  would  seem  that  this  cession  of 
these  two  sections  of  land,  under  the  cir- 
cumstances, was  entirely  right  and  prob- 
ably very  small  compensation  for  his 
friendly  services.  Then,  too,  it  must  be  re- 
membered that  he  did  not  get  the  land,  but 
it  went  to  his  Pottawatomie  wife  and  her 
children. 

Mr.  Haines  says  of  this  transaction  and 
of  Dr.  Wolcott's  and  Ouilmette's  connec- 
tion with  it  (p.  557)  :  "In  aid  of 
this  purpose,  it  seems  he  secured  the 
services  of  Antoine  Wilmette,  a  French- 
man, who  had  married  an  Indian 
wife  of  the  Pottawatomie  tribe,  one 
of  the  oldest  residents  of  Chicago,  and  a 
man  of  much  influence  with  the  Indians 
and  a  particular  friend  of  Robinson's." 

It  is  fair  to  say  that  Mr.  Haines  excuses 
both  Robinson  and  Caldwell  for  their  action 
in  the  matter,  on  the  ground  that  they  had 
long  been  friendly  to  the  whites  and  were 
misled  into  believing  that  the  integrity  of 
their  white  friends  was  as  lasting  as  their 
own  (p.  556).  It  is  to  be  regretted  that 
Mr.  Haines  did  not  express  the  same  views 
as  to  Ouilmette,  for  history  clearly  demon- 
strates that  he  was  richly  entitled  to  it. 

Ouilmette  was  also  on  hand  when  the 
Treaty  of  Chicago  (1833)  was  negotiated, 
as  he  was  at  Prairie  du  Chien,  for  the 
treaty  not  only  provides  for  the  donations 
already  mentioned  to  Chiefs  Robinson  and 
Caldwell,  to  Ouilmette's  children  and 
others,  but  he  secured  $800  for  himself,  as 
the  treaty  shows.  Whether  this  was  com- 
pensation for  his  hogs  that  had  been  "dis- 
troyed"  some  thirty  years  before  by  the  In- 
dians, or  as  further  compensation  for  his 
prior  services  at  Prairie  du  Chien  or  at 
Chicago  in  1812,  is  not  disclosed,  but  it  cer- 


tainly is  evidence  of  his  desire  to  see  that 
his  finances  should  not  suffer  in  deals  made 
with  his  wife's  relations. 

Joseph  Fountain,  late  of  Evanston,  now 
deceased,  father-in-law  of  ex-Alderman 
Carroll,  says  in  an  affidavit  dated  in  187 1, 
"that  when  he  first  came  here  he  lived  with 
Antoine  Ouilmette;  that  at  that  time  he 
(Antoine)  was  an  old  man,  about  70  years 
of  age,  and  was  living  upon  the  Reservation 
with  his  nephew,  Archange,  his  wife,  being 
then  absent.  .  .  .  That  within  a  year  or 
two  thereafter  the  children  returned  and 
lived  with  their  father  upon  the  Reservation 
The  children  went  away  again  and  return- 
ed again  in  1844.  They  were  then  all  over 
lawful  age,  had  usual  and  ordinary  intelli- 
gence of  white  people  and  were  competent 
to  manage  and  sell  their  property.     .     .     . 

That  he  was  intimate  with  the  children 
and  their  father  and  after  their  return  as- 
sisted them  in  building  a  house  to  live  in  on 
the  Reservation.  That  during  the  last 
twenty  (20)  years  the  Indian  heirs  have 
not  been  back  there.  .  .  .  That  in  the 
years  1852  and  1853  the  land  was  not  worth 
over  $3,00  per  acre." 

I  find  by  inquiry  of  Mary  Fountain,  Jo- 
seph Fountain's  widow,  a  very  old  lady,  in 
Evanston,  still  living  in  1901',  and  by  like 
inquiry  of  Mr.  Benjamin  F.  Hill"  and 
others,  that  the  house  just  mentioned  was 
built  of  logs,  situated  on  the  high  blufifs  on 
the  lake  shore,  opposite,  or  a  little  north  of 
Lake  Avenue,  in  the  Village  of  Wilmette, 
and  that  the  former  site  of  the  house  has 
long  since,  and  within  the  memory  of  old 
residents  been  washed  into  the  lake,  many 
acres  of  land  having  been  thus  washed 
away.  Mr.  Hill  says  that  this  house  was 
at  one  time  occupied  by  Joel  Stebbins,  who 
used  it  as  a  tavern. 


IMrs.    Fountain    died   in    Evanston    February    17,    190.".. 

2Benjamin  F.  Hill  died  in  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin,  Oc- 
tober 7,  1905 — his  residence  up  to  that  time,  however, 
having  been  in  Evanston, 


4° 


OUR  INDIAN  PREDECESSORS 


The  affidavit  of  Mr.  Fountain  indicates 
that  Ouilmette  lived  on  the  Reservation  un- 
til 1838.  His  letter  of  1839  indicates  a 
residence  at  Racine,  at  which  place  he  had 
a  farm  for  several  prior  years,  and  while 
living  in  Chicago,  or  at  least  a  tract  of 
land  where  he  frequently  went.  (Author- 
ity, Sophia  Martell.) 

Air.  Benjamin  F.  Hill  says  that  he  knew 
him  about  tlie  year  1838;  that  he  was  then 
a  very  old  man,  rather  small  of  stature, 
dark  skinned  and  bowed  with  age ;  that 
about  that  year  he  went  away.  He  died 
at  Council  Bluffs,  December  i,  1841. 

Mr.  Hill  says  that  Mr.  Fountain  omits 
in  his  affidavit  one  item  concerning  the 
acquaintance  between  Ouilmette  and  Foun- 
tain, viz. :  a  lawsuit,  in  which  Ouilmette 
prosecuted  Fountain  and  others  for  tres- 
passing upon  the  Reservation  by  cutting 
timber,  which  resulted  unfavorably  to  Ouil- 
mette ;  that  there  was  a  large  bill  of  court 
costs  which  Fountain's  lawyer  collected  by 
having  the  Sheriff  levy  upon  and  sell  a  pair 
of  fine  Indian  ponies  belonging  to  Ouil- 
mette, which  were  his  special  pride,  and 
that  it  was  immediately  after  this  incident 
that  Ouilmette  left  the  Reservation  never 
to  return. 

(The  value  of  the  timber  probably  ac- 
counts for  the  selection  of  this  land  by 
Ouilmette  when  the  treaty  was  drawn.) 

There  are  many  other  interesting  remin- 
iscences among  old  settlers  of  Evanston  re- 
garding Ouilmette.  One  from  William 
Carney,  former  Chief  of  Police  of  Evans- 
ton  and  for  many  years  a  Cook  County 
Deputy  Sheriff,  who  was  born  in  Evanston, 
is  to  the  effect  that  Ouilmette  often  went 
through  Evanston,  along  the  old  Ridge 
trail  on  which  the  Carneys  lived,  on  foot 
and  always  carrying  a  bag  over  his  shoul- 
der ;  that  the  children  were  afraid  of  him, 
and  that  Carney's  mother,  when  he  was  a 
small  boy,  used  to  threaten  him   with  the 


punishment  for  misconduct  of  giving  him  to 
"Old  Ouilmette,"  who  would  put  him  in  the 
bag  and  carry  young  Carney  home  to  his 
squaw.  Mr.  Carney  says,  "Then  I  used  to 
be  good" ;  and  it  is  local  history  that,  in 
later  years,  my  youthful  associates  used  to 
say  something  to  the  same  effect  about  be- 
ing good  after  an  interview  with  Mr.  Car- 
ney himself,  when  he  had  grown  to  man- 
hood and  become  the  first  Chief  of  Police 
of  Evanston,  his  brother  John  constituting 
the  remainder  of  the  force.  In  those  days, 
too,  "Carney  will  get  you  if  you  don't  look 
out!"  was  a  common  parental  threat  in 
Evanston. 

As  already  shown,  neither  Archange 
Ouilmette  nor  her  children  could,  under  the 
treaty  and  patent,  sell  any  of  the  land  with- 
out the  consent  of  the  President  of  the 
United  States.  Consequently  there  is 
much  data  respecting  the  family,  both  in 
the  Recorder's  office  of  this  county,  in  the 
form  of  affidavits  and  in  the  office  of  the 
Interior  Department  at  Washington,  es- 
pecially in  the  General  Land  Office  and  the 
office  of  Indian  Affairs.  To  some  of  these 
documents  I  refer : 

By  a  petition  dated  February  22,  1844, 
to  the  President  of  the  United  States, 
signed  by  seven  of  the  children  of  Ouil- 
mette (all  except  Joseph),  it  appears  that 
Archange  Ouilmette,  the  mother,  died  at 
Council  Bluffs  on  November  25,  1840;  that 
six  of  the  children  signing  the  petition  then 
resided  at  Council  Bluffs,  and  one  (prob- 
ably the  former  little  Josette)  at  Fort  Win- 
nebago, Wisconsin  Territory  ;  that  in  con- 
sequence of  their  living  at  a  remote  dis- 
tance, the  land  is  deteriorating  in  value  "by 
having  much  of  its  timber,  which  con- 
stitutes its  chief  worth,  cut  off  and  stolen 
by  various  individuals  living  near  by," 
which  would  seem  to  indicate  that  people 
were  not  so  good  in  those  days  in  Evans- 
ton as  they  have  been  reputed  to  be  in  some 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


41 


later  clays,  if  the  Chicago  newspapers  can 
be  believed  in  this  respect.  The  petition 
further  says: 

"The  home  of  your  petitioners,  with  one 
exception,  is  at  Council  Bluffs,  with  the 
Pottawatomie  tribe  of  Indians,  with  whom 
we  are  connected  by  blood,  and  that  your 
petitioners  cannot,  with  due  regard  to  their 
feelings  and  interests,  reside  away  from 
their  tribe  on  said  Reserve" ;  also  that 
they  have  been  put  to  expense  in  em- 
ploying agents,  whose  employment  has  not 
been  beneficial. 

The  petition  then  asks  leave  to  sell  or 
lease  the  land,  and  the  prayer  concludes 
in  the  following  words : 

"Or,  that  your  Excellency  will  cause  the 
Government  of  the  United  States  to  pur- 
chase back  from  us  said  Reserve  of  land, 
and  pay  us  one  dollar  and  twenty-five  cents 
per  acre  therefor." 

"And  your  petitioners  further  show  that 
they  are  now  at  Chicago  on  expense,  wait- 
ing for  the  termination  of  this  petition,  and 
anxious  to  return  home  as  soon  as  possible," 
and  request  action  "without  delay." 

As  the  result  of  this  petition  and  subse- 
quent ones,  Henry  W.  Clarke  was  ap- 
pointed a  Special  Indian  Agent  to  make 
sale  of  the  Reservation,  or  rather  that  part 
of  it  owned  by  the  seven  petitioners,  so 
that  a  fair  price  could  be  obtained,  and  sale 
was  made  to  real  estate  speculators  during 
the  years  1844  and  1845.  I"  the  corre- 
spondence between  the  various  departments 
of  the  Government  with  reference  to  the 
sale,  appear  the  signatures  of  John  H.  Kin- 
zie,  John  Went  worth  (then  member  of 
Congress),  William  Wilkins,  Secretary  of 
War,  President  John  Tyler,  W.  L.  Marcy, 
Secretary  of  War ;  also  the  signatures  of 
Presidents  James  K.  Polk  and  V.  S. 
Grant.' 


iFor    copies    of   these    documents    see    "Historical    Col- 
lections,"   Evanston    Historical    Society. 


The  south  half  of  the  Reservation,  in- 
cluding all  that  is  in  Evanston  (640  acres), 
sold  for  $1,000,  or  a  little  over  $1.50  per 
acre.  The  north  section  was  sold  in  sep- 
arate parcels  for  "a  larger  sum.  The  cor- 
respondence tends  to  show  that  the  seven 
Ouilmette  children  carried  their  money 
home  with  them,  but  as  the  Special  Indian 
Agent  had  no  compensation  from  the  Gov- 
ernment and  there  were  several  lawyers  en- 
gaged in  the  transaction,  the  amount  that 
the  Indians  carried  back  to  Council  Bluffs 
can  be  better  imagined  than  described. 

Joseph  Ouilmette  in  the  year  1844  took 
his  share  of  the  Reservation  in  severalty, 
deeding  the  remainder  of  the  Reservation 
to  his  brothers  and  sisters,  and  they  in  turn 
deeding  his  share  to  him.  The  share  that 
he  took  was  in  the  northeastern  part  of  the 
Reservation ;  he  secured  the  best  price  in 
making  a  sale  and  seemed  inclined,  not  only 
to  separate  his  property  interests  from  his 
brothers  and  sisters,  but  to  be  more  of  a 
white  man  than  an  Indian,  as  he  did  not 
follow  the  family  and  the  Pottawatomie 
tribe  to  the  West  for  several  years,  but 
adopted  the  life  of  a  Wisconsin  farmer,  re- 
moving later  to  the  Pottawatomie  Reserva- 
tion in  Kansas. 

An  affidavit  made  by  Norman  Clark, 
May  25,  1871,  states  that  Joseph  Ouilmette 
was  in  1853  a  farmer,  residing  on  his  farm 
in  Marathon  county,  Wis.,  "about  300  miles 
from  Racine,"  and  that  the  $460  he  re- 
ceived for  his  share  of  the  Reservation 
"was  used  in  and  about  the  improvement  of 
his  farm,"  upon  which  he  lived  for  about 
seven  years,  and  that  he  was  capable  of 
managing  his  affairs  "as  ordinary,  full- 
blooded  white  farmers  are" ;  that  from 
1850  to  1853  he  carried  on  a  farm  within 
two  miles  of  Racine,  presumably  on  the 
land  formerly  owned  by  his  father,  An- 
toine. 

It    appears    from    various    recorded    affi- 


42 


OUR  INDIAN  PREDECESSORS 


davits  that  all  of  the  children  of  Ouil- 
mette  are  now  dead.  Such  affidavits  must 
have  been  made  from  hearsay  and  with  a 
view  of  extinguishing  upon  the  face  of  the 
records  all  possible  adverese  claims,  for  I 
find  by  investigation  .that  a  daughter  of 
Ouilmette  (Sophia  Martell)  is  still  (1905) 
living  on  the  Pottawatomie  Reservation  in 
Kansas,  at  a  very  advanced  age,  but  with  a 
good  memory  that  has  served  a  useful 
purpose  in  supplying  the  writer  with  a  few 
of  the  facts  here  noted.  With  this  excep- 
tion, all  of  the  children  are  dead,  but  many 
of  their  descendants  are  still  living  on  this 
same  Reservation,  and  several  of  them  are 
people  of  intelligence  and  education,  priz- 
ing highly  the  history  of  their  ancestors. 

Mitchell  Ouilmette,  on  May  2,  1832,  (as 
John  Wentworth  says)  enlisted  in  the  first 
"militia  of  the  town  of  Chicago  until  all 
apprehension  of  danger  from  the  Indians 
may  have  subsided" — probably  referring  to 
the  Black  Hawk  War.  Mr.  Wentworth's 
authority  is  a  copy  of  the  enlistment  roll, 
where,  in  transacting  the  copy,  his  name 
is  stated  as  "Michael,"  an  evident  mistake 
in  transcribing  from  the  original  signa- 
ture. 

While  it  is  true  that  Captain  Heald,  of 
Fort  Dearborn,  was  notified  on  August  7  or 
9,  1812,  of  the  declaration  of  war  against 
England  by  a  message  carried  by  the 
Pottawatomie  chief  Win-a-mac,  or  Win- 
nemeg  (the  Catfish),  from  General  Hull  at 
Detroit,  warning  Captain  Heald  that  the 
Post  and  Island  of  Mackinac  had  fallen 
into  the  hands  of  the  British,  of  the  conse- 
quent danger  to  the  Chicago  garrison,  and 
the  probable  necessity  of  retiring  to  Fort 
Wayne,  still  it  is  stated  upon  good  author- 
ity that  Louis  Ouilmette,  son  of  Antoine, 
learned  the  same  facts  from  a  band  of  In- 
dians on  the  North  Shore,  who  had  come 
either  from  Mackinac  or  from  that  vicin- 
ity, and  at  once  carried  the  information  to 


the  garrison  several  days  before  the  arrival 
of  Win-a-mac.  (Authority,  data  in  hands 
of  C.  S.  Raddin.) 

The  only  relic  of  Antoine  Ouilmette  in 
the  hands  of  the  Evanston  Historical  So- 
ciety is  an  old  chisel,  or  tapping  gouge, 
used  by  him  in  tapping  maple  trees  in  making 
maple  sugar  on  the  Reservation,  at  a  point 
a  little  west  and  some  two  blocks  north  of  the 
present  Wilmette  station  of  the  Northwest- 
ern Railway,  immediately  west  of  Dr.  B.  C. 
Stolp's  residence.  This  chisel,  or  gouge, 
was  secured  by  Mr.  Benjamin  F.  Hill  in 
this  sugar  bush  soon  after  Ouilmette  went 
away,  and  there  is  not  the  slightest  doubt 
of  its  being  the  former  property  of  Ouil- 
mette ;  for  Mr.  Hill,  who  has  been  quoted 
frequently  in  this  paper,  is  not  only  the 
John  Wentworth  of  Evanston  in  the  mat- 
ter of  being  an  early  settler  (1836),  with  a 
great  fund  of  authentic  information,  but 
he  is  a  man  of  force  and  intelligence,  of  ex- 
cellent memory,  unquestionable  integrity, 
and  always  interested  in  historical  sub- 
jects, as  his  many  valuable  contributions 
to  the  Evanston  Historical  Society  abun- 
dantly show. 

Convincing  evidence  of  the  shortness 
of  the  span  between  the  wigwam,  the  log 
cabin  and  the  modern  home,  is  presented 
when  we  consider  that  there  are  many  liv- 
in  Evanstonians  who  knew  the  Ouilmette 
family,  and  who  saw  their  North  Shore 
Reservation  in  all  the  primeval  beauty  of 
its  ancient  forest  and  towering  elms. 

Indian  Trails  of  the  North  Shore. — 
"Red  Men's  Roads"  have  of  late  been  the 
subject  of  much  investigation.  Passing 
reference,  therefore,  to  some  of  the  Indian 
Trails  of  the  North  Shore  will  not  be 
out  of  place  here.  My  information  is  con- 
fined largely  to  Evanston  and  that  imme- 
diate vicinity.  For  over  a  quarter  of  a 
century  the  Northwestern  Railway  has 
operated  what  the  North  Shore  residents 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


43 


call  "The  Green  Bay  Train."  A  quarter  of 
a  century  before  that  the  white  pioneer 
went  to  "Little  Fort"  or  Waukegan  on  the 
"Green  Bay  Road,"  and  before  that 
old  settlers  say  it  was  the  "Green  Bay  In- 
dian Trail."  Along  this  trail,  in  the 
year  1680,  fled  the  wounded  Henri  de 
Tonty  and  his  two  or  three  follow- 
ers, in  their  historic  flight  from  the 
blood-thirsty  Iroquois,  who  time  and 
again  had  also  chased  their  red  enemies  in 
terror  before  them  along  this  same  Indian 
trail,  and,  in  the  later  days,  the  white  pio- 
neer saw,  in  the  same  trail,  the  tracks  of 
many  moccasined  feet  and  of  many  Indian 
ponies  wending  their  way  to  and  from  the 
treaty  making  councils  at  Fort  Dearborn. 
Evanston  historians  have  long  been  at 
loggerheads  as  to  the  location  of  this 
Green  Bay  Road.  They  all  agree  that  it 
followed  the  line  of  Clark  Street  north,  to  a 
point  opposite  the  north  line  of  Rose  Hill 
Cemetery,  and  there  the  trouble  begins. 
Some  insist  that  it  went  due  north,  follow- 
ing Clark  Street  and  its  Evanston  exten- 
sion— called  there  Chicago  Avenue — to  a 
point  a  little  north  of  the  Evanston  light- 
house, there  reaching  "the  Ridge."  Others 
claim  that  its  divergence  to  'the  Ridge"  was 
at  the  point  of  difference.  Probably  Both 
are  right,  each  route  being  used,  accord- 
ing to  the  wetness  or  dryness  of  the  sea- 
son. At  all  events,  there  is  no  doubt — for 
old  settlers  all  agree,  from  Benjamin  F.  Hill, 
who  came  to  Evanston  in  1836,  to  Frances 
E.  Willanl.  author  of  "The  Classic  Town" 
in  1892 — that  through  Evanston  there  were 
at  least  two  well-defined  north  and  south 
Indian  trails,  one  following  "the  Ridge" 
or  the  high  ground  that  extends  from  the 
terminus  of  Lincoln  Avenue  at  Bowman- 
ville,  or  Rose  Hill,  on  the  south,  to  the  high 
bluff  on  the  lake  front  to  the  north  of 
Evanston,  and  the  other  trail  was  right  on 
the  bank  of    the  lake    shore.     This    latter 


trail,  however,  there  is  reason  to  believe, 
was  a  very  ancient  trail,  leading  to  the 
chipping  stations  or  shops  already  de- 
scribed; and,  in  the  later  days,  when  the 
settlers  began  to  arrive,  and  when  weapons 
were  purchased  of  traders — and,  therefore, 
no  further  use  for  the  primitive  article — 
this  latter  trail  was  used  only  in  following 
the  game  that  also  used  it.  "The  Ridge" 
trail  ran  to  the  south,  along  the  high 
ground,  through  Rose  Hill  Cemetery, 
reaching  both  the  ancient  and  the  modern 
Indian  Village  somewhere  in  that  vicinity — 
probably  at  or  near  the  western  limits  of 
the  cemetery  or  on  the  North  Branch. 
There  is  abundant  evidence  to  show  that 
north  of  Evanston,  this  trail,  which  reaches 
the  Lake  Shore  in  the  north  part  of  Evans- 
ton, led  to  Milwaukee  and  even  north  of 
that,  following  generally  the  present  line  of 
Sheridan  Road — with  a  branch  around  the 
south  end  of  "The  Skokie,"  reaching  the 
North  Branch  of  the  Chicago  River  at  or 
near  its  source,  and  in  turn  the  Desplaines 
River  and  the  Lake  region  to  the  north- 
west. One  authority  places  the  "Little 
Fort  (Waukegan)  Trail"  six  miles  west  of 
Evanston,  on  one  of  the  sand  ridges  there. 
As  these  ridges  (of  which  there  are  sev- 
eral) lie  generally  alongside  low,  marshy 
places  between  the  ridges,  and  as  these 
ridges  extend  north  and  south,  it  is  no 
doubt  true,  considering  the  Indian  popula- 
tion and  the  important  points  both  north 
and  south,  that  there  were  well  defined  In- 
dian trails  on  all  of  them,  with  branches  in 
varying  directions,  that  would  lead  to  Lit- 
tle Fort;  but  whatever  may  have  been  the 
name  of  this  western  trail,  the  most  direct 
ones  from  Chicago  to  Little  Fort  were 
through  Evanston. 

The  existence  and  location  of  these 
Evanston  trails  is  not  left  in  doubt,  for 
there  are  several  living  witnesses,  both  in 
Chicago  and  Evanston,  who  have  seen  them 


44 


OUR  INDIAN  PREDECESSORS 


and  have  traveled  them.  The  Ridge  Trail 
had  been  in  such  constant  use  that  the  path 
was  worn  more  than  a  foot  into  the  ground 
from  constant  travel.  Major  Mulford,  one 
of  Evanston's  pioneers,  had  his  home  ad- 
joining his  trail,  immediately  west  of  the 
present  site  of  Calvary  Cemetery,  and  was 
frequently  visited  there  by  his  Chicago 
friends,  among  them  Fernando  Jones.  The 
site  of  this  trail  is  known  as  Ridge  Boule- 
vard, in  Evanston,  and  upon  it  live  many  of 
Chicago's  leading  citizens. 

Mr.  B.  F.  Hill,  in  describing  the  Ridge 
Trail,  says:  "On  each  side  of  the  Ridge 
and  close  to  it,  were  two  Indian  trails, 
where  the  Indians  traveled  north  and  south. 
One  was  about  where  Ridge  Avenue  now 
is,  and  the  other  in  the  neighborhood  of  As- 
bury  Avenue,  or  perhaps  a  little  west  of 
that.  These  trails  were  so  much  used  that 
the  path  was  worn  more  than  a  foot  into 
the  ground  from  the  constant  travel,  show- 
ing that  these  trails  had  been  used  for 
many  years." 

Indian  Trees  of  the  North  Shore. — 
There  are,  at  various  places  along  the 
North  Shore,  and  following  closely  the  line 
of  several  of  the  old  Indian  trails,  some 
curious  trees  that  apparently  have  been 
broken,  or  rather  bent  and  tied  down  while 
saplings  by  Indians  to  mark  these  trails ; 
that  custom  has  been  followed  in  other  lo- 
calities, among  which,  it  is  said,  is  the  Brad- 
dock  trail,  several  localities  near  Fox  Lake, 
111.,  also  in  the  vicinity  of  Mackinac,  and  it 
is  entirely  probable  here.  The  trees  are  in- 
variably large  and,  if  this  convenient  and 
plausible  theory  is  correct,  some  of  this  work 
of  so  marking  the  trails  must  have  been 
done  a  century  and  more  ago,  for  many  of 
the  trees  are  white  oaks  of  considerable  size. 
These  trees,  and  this  theory,  present  also  a 
most  interesting  field  for  inquiry  and  specu- 
lation. Photographs  of  some  of  these  trees 
were  taken  by  Mr.  A.  W.  Watriss  of  Rog- 


ers Park,  who,  as  well  as  Mr.  C.  S.  Rad- 
din  of  the  Evanston  Historical  Society  and 
Vice-President  of  the  Chicago  Academy  of 
Sciences,  have  taken  great  interest  in  this 
subject.  One  of  these  trees  is  located  on 
the  county  line,  beside  the  railroad  tracks 
of  the  Northwestern  Railroad  at  the  south- 
west corner  of  the  Highland  Park  Ceme- 
tery, and  can  easily  be  seen  from  passing 
trains ;  and  another  at  Calvary  Cemetery, 
west  of  the  railroad,  can  also  be  so  seen ; 
and  one  of  them  long  stood  in  the  dooryard, 
at  Davis  Street  and  Hinman  Avenue,  of  the 
late  Dr.  Miner  Raymond,  of  Evanston, 
father  of  Messrs.  Samuel,  James  and  Fred 
D.  Raymond. 

But  some  six  years  ago  there  were  elev.en 
of  these  trees  in  perfect  alignment,  leading 
from  the  site  of  the  old  Indian  Village  at 
Highland  Park  in  a  northwesterly  direc- 
tion for  several  miles.  Most  of  them  are 
still  standing  and  can  be  easily  identified ; 
and  what  is  particularly  of  interest  is  the 
fact  that  all  of  these  trees  are  white  oaks, 
while  another  old  trail  farther  to  the  south, 
near  Wilmette,  are  without  exception 
white  elms,  indicating  system  in  the  selec- 
tion. Those  in  the  City  of  Evanston  were 
oaks,  and  supposed  by  the  supporters  of 
this  theory  to  lead  to  the  chipping  stations 
or  shops  on  the  lake  shore.  Two  or  three 
of  these  trees  were  also  located  on  the 
North  Branch  of  the  Chicago  River,  near 
the  Glen  View  Golf  Club,  probably  mark- 
ing the  trail  to  one  of  the  near-by  villages. 
Another  circumstance  that  gives  color  to 
this  contention  is,  that  where  those  trees  are 
found  was  once  a  dense  and  heavy  forest, 
where  it  is  probable  that  an  Indian  trail 
would  be  marked,  if  marked  at  all. 

There  is  still  another  theory  to  the  ef- 
fect that  these  trees  were  bent  down  when 
young  saplings,  and  used  in  the  construction 
of  wigwams  by  covering  them  with  mats — a 
common  method  among    the    Algonquins ; 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


45 


but  as  these  trees  generally  stand  alone, 
with  no  near-by  duplicates,  there  seems  to 
be  little  to  warrant  this  contention. 

Another  North  Shore  tree  that  has  be- 
come historic  on  account  of  the  attention  of 
the  modern  newspaper  reporter,  is  what 
was  known  as  "the  Pottawatomie  tree,"  lo- 
cated about  three  miles  west  of  Wilmette, 
on  the  farm  of  M.  A.  Kloepfer,  who  se- 
cures quite  a  revenue  from  its  exhibition. 
This  was  a  remarkable  tree,  but  is  now 
dead,  having  been  partially  destroyed  by 
fire  and  cut  off  some  thirty  feet  from  the 
ground.  It  was  said  to  be  the  largest 
tree  in  Illinois,  a  Cottonwood,  i6o  feet  high 
and  eighteen  feet  in  diameter,  with  a  hol- 
low trunk  that  would  hold  thirty-one  people. 
All  sorts  of  Indian  traditions,  of  the  im- 
promptu variety,  have  been  related  with  ref- 
erence to  its  Indian  history,  most  of  them  be- 
ing about  as  reliable  as  the  average  historical 
novel,  or  the  relation  of  an  old  settler  in  his 
dotage,  who  sometimes  has  been  found  to 
know  many  things  that  were  not  so.  Still, 
it  may  be  true  that  such  a  tree,  towering  so 
high  above  the  surrounding  forest,  may,  on 
account  of  being  such  a  conspicuous  land- 
mark, have  been  a  place  of  Indian  rendez- 
vous. 

Indian  Camps  and  Villages. — A  picture 
of  an  Indian  country  would  be  sadly  dis- 
appointing and  deficient  without  the  In- 
dian camps  and  villages,  and,  therefore.  I 
direct  your  attention  to  the  sites  of  such 
camps  and  villages  as  I  have  been  able 
to  locate  in  Evanston  and  vicinity. 

The  village  near  Bowmanville,  already 
referred  to,  was  designated  by  the  late  Karl 
Dilg,  in  an  article  published  in  "The  Lake 
View  Independent,"  as  "Chicago's  Great- 
est Indian  Village,"  and  it  is  quite  certain 
that  there  is  every  reason  for  giving  it  that 
name.  The  vast  number  and  variety  of  the 
weapons,  utensils,  chippings,  bits  of  pottery 
and  litter  of  many  descriptions  not  only  in- 


dicate an  unusual  population,  but  extended 
residence  for  a  very  long  space  of  time. 
Some  of  these  utensils  are  claimed  to  be 
pre-historic  and  very  ancient,  and  the  area 
covered  by  them,  extending  practically 
over  the  territory  from  Rose  Hill  Cemetery 
to  the  North  Branch  of  the  Chicago  River, 
with  like  finds  as  far  north  as  High  Ridge, 
would  indicate  a  very  extensive  village. 
Another  populous  village  is  said  to  have 
been  at  Niles  Center,  one  at  Forest  Glen, 
or  Edgebrook,  and  still  another  on  the 
North  Branch  of  the  Chicago  River,  near 
the  Glen  View  golf -grounds.  One  of  these 
villages  is,  in  all  probability,  the  one  re- 
ferred to  in  Marquette's  diary  as  being  six 
leagues  (or  some  i8  miles)  to  the  north. 
These  locations  by  Mr.  Dilg  are  further 
corroborated  by  Mr.  Albert  F.  Scharf,  who 
has  made  extensive  personal  examination 
of  the  ground,  and  has  shown  many  of  the 
locations  upon  a  map,  which  not  only  seems 
to  have  been  prepared  with  great  care,  but 
which  is,  in  many  instances  that  I  could 
name,  entirely  corroborated  by  other  inde- 
pendent investigations.  Mr.  Dilg  locates 
also  another  village  on  the  Ridge  Trail  at 
Rogers  Park,  which  he  says  is  practically 
a  continuation  of  this  Bowmanville  village, 
"as  there  are  chips  everywhere"  in  this  vi- 
cinity indicating  this  fact  and  such  inhabi- 
tants to  the  Evanston  City  Limits  on  "the 
Ridge" ;  and  further  claims  that  these  vil- 
lages are  of  great  antiquity,  reaching  back 
to  the  time  of  the  Mound  Builders,  and  cor- 
roborated, he  says,  by  tht  utensils  found, 
some  of  copper,  and  by  the  further  fact 
that  there  is  no  written  history  concerning 
any  such  population  as  must  have  lived  for 
a  long  space  of  time  in  this  locality. 

Whether  Mr.  Dilg  be  right  or  wrong  m 
these  conclusions,  it  is  certain  that  these 
were  populous  villages  in  times  of  which 
there  is  no  written  history  of  this  vicinity, 
and  these  same  localities  were  in  later  times 


46 


OUR  INDIAN  PREDECESSORS 


favorite  camping  grounds  and  smaller  vil- 
lage sites  for  the  Pottawatomies,  as  is 
abundantly  shown  by  the  testimony  of 
many  early  pioneers  who  saw  them  here 
along  the  North  Branch  of  the  Chicago 
River. 

Mr.  Budlong,  proprietor  of  the  present 
extensive  truck  farm,  or  garden,  at  Bow- 
manville,  very  recently  (1904)  in  excavat- 
ing a  gravel-pit,  unexpectedly  opened  and 
exposed  to  view  an  Indian  grave  of  more 
than  ordinary  interest.  The  grave  con- 
tained fourteen  skeletons  buried  in  a 
circle,  the  feet  without  exception  pointing 
toward  the  center.  Although  apparently 
well  preserved  when  imcovered,  they  soon 
crumbled  to  pieces  after  being  exposed  to 
the  air.  The  site  of  this  grave  is  about  ten 
rods  north  of  Foster  Avenue,  and  of  the 
center  of  Section  12;  and,  when  California 
Avenue  is  opened,  the  site  of  these  graves 
will  be  in  that  highway  (authority,  Wil- 
liam A.  Peterson,  who  pointed  out  the  lo- 
cation to  the  writer.)  It  is  reasonable  to 
svippose  that  these  fourteen  mute  tenants 
of  Mr.  Budlong's  gravel-pit  were  Potta- 
watomies, who  were  some  of  the  later  res- 
idents of  the  Bowmanville  Indian  Village. 

Two  small  villages  are  said  to  have  been 
located  at  Rogers  Park,  on  the  Indian 
boundary  line,  and  between  Clark  Street 
and  the  Lake,  one  of  them  within  the  pres- 
ent limits  of  Evanston  (authority,  Albert  F. 
Scharf's  map).  The  same  authority  lo- 
cates a  small  village  at  the  foot  of  Demp- 
ster Street,  in  Evanston,  which  must  have 
been  done  by  the  litter  of  a  temporary  vil- 
lage or  camp  that  was  there  about  the  year 
1840,  during  the  summer  season,  and  oc- 
cupied by  a  small  roving  band  of  Potta- 
watomie fishermen,  described  by  an  Evans- 
ton pioneer,  James  Carney,  who  visited  them. 
Still  another  small  village  was  on  the  north 
side  of  Hill  Street,  in  Wilmette,  about  300 
feet  east  of  Sheridan  Road,  on  the  north 


boundary  of  the  Evanston  golf -grounds, 
and  one  also  at  Gross  Point,  I  am  informed. 
In  183s,  when  the  Carney  family  first 
came  to  Evanston,  there  was,  at  about  the 
southwest  corner  of  Davis  Street  and  Wes- 
ley Avenue,  in  Evanston,  a  log  hut,  with 
roof  of  straw,  that  is  said  to  have  been 
constructed  by  Indians,  and  that  was,  in 
fact,  inhabited  by  them  (one  or  two  fam- 
ilies), for  quite  a  time  while  hunting  in 
the  vicinity. 

Immediately  north  of  Sheridan  Road, 
where  it  turns  to  the  west,  some  two  or 
three  blocks  north  of  the  Evanston  light- 
house, fronting  the  lake  shore  and  on  the 
property  belonging  to  Mr.  Charles  Deering, 
was  another  Indian  Village  consisting  of 
from  fifteen  to  twenty  wigwams.  It  must 
have  been  quite  a  permanent  place  of  abode, 
for  they  had  a  cornfield  there,  and  the 
mounds  showing  where  the  corn  grew 
in  rows  could  be  seen  but  a  few  years 
ago.  Mr.  James  Carney,  of  Evanston,  vis- 
ited this  village  when  a  small  boy,  and  has 
a  vivid  recollection  of  the  wigwams  built 
of  rushes  and  mats,  the  Indians,  their 
squaws,  the  children,  the  dogs,  and  espe- 
cially of  five  or  six  of  the  Indians  who  fol- 
lowed him  home  after  one  of  his  visits  to 
secure  a  certain  black  pup  to  which  they 
took  a  fancy,  which  Mrs.  Carney,  his 
mother,  gave  them,  much  to  his  disappoint- 
ment, for  he,  too,  was  fond  of  the  dog.  This 
was  done  while  James  was  in  hiding  in  a 
hay  stack  back  of  the  house. 

In  1852  Dr.  Henry  M.  Bannister  and  a 
companion,  while  hunting  on  the  Lake 
Shore  discovered  the  site  of  an  Indian  vil- 
lage immediately  south  of  what  is  now 
Greenleaf  Street  and  east  of  the  present 
Sheridan  Road  and  lying  east  of  the  shop 
or  chipping  station  before  described.  The 
site  was  well  defined,  not  only  by  the  fire 
places,  but  by  the  litter  of  many  kinds,  in- 
cluding broken  utensils  and  pottery.  This 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


47 


discovery  of  Dr.  Bannister's  has  received 
ample  corroboration  by  other  investiga- 
tions. 

Still  another  village  is  thus  described  by 
Mr.  B.  F.  Hill,  of  Evanston : 

"The  Indians  had  winter  quarters  at  Wil- 
mette  and  lived  in  wigwams  made  of  poles 
and  mats  of  rushes.  The  village  was 
where  the  Westerfield  place  used  to  be, 
near  the  present  intersection  of  Lake  Ave- 
nue and  Sheridan  Road.  It  was  their  cus- 
tom to  come  there  late  in  the  fall  and  stay 
for  the  winter."  (This  village  was  com- 
posed, not  only  of  Indians,  but  French  and 
half-breeds,  the  Ouilmettes  and  some  of  the 
Beaubiens  are  said  to  have  lived  with  them 
part  of  the  time). 

A  part  of  the  same  interview  with  Mr. 
Hill  is  also  of  interest  in  this  connection.  I 
quote  from  it  as  follows:  "Evanston  was 
quite  a  hunting  ground  for  the  Indians  on 
account  of  the  deer  being  plenty  there. 
During  the  early  years  of  my  residence  here 
Indians  were  coming  and  going  all  the 
time,  traveling  north  and  south  from 
Chicago,  Green  Bay  and  other  points,  in- 
cluding the  winter  village  at  Wilmette,  and 
to  and  from  the  lake  on  hunting  expedi- 
tions. The  last  band  that  I  remember  of 
seeing  was  some  time  in  the  early  for- 
ties ;  they  were  camping  temporarily  on  the 
side  of  the  road  and  at  about  what  is  now 
the  intersection  of  Lake  Avenue  and  Eighth 
Street  in  Wilmette. 

"I  remember  seeing  John  Kinzie  Clark, 
who  had  a  ranch  in  Northfield,  where  he 
raised  ponies,  on  one  occasion,  coming 
along  through  the  Wilmette  woods  with 
three  or  four  Indian  ponies.  He  was  a 
great  hunter,  and,  on  this  occasion,  had  three 
or  four  deer  tied  onto  the  backs  of  the  pon- 
ies. He  was  riding  one  pony  and  the  pony 
to  the  rear  had  his  bridle  tied  to  the  tail  of 
the  pony  Clark  was  riding,  and  the  whole 
string  was  thus  tied  together,  Indian  file  or 
tandem  fashion. 


"The  Indians  I  have  described  were  all 
Pottawatomies.  Roaming  bands  frequent- 
ly camped  near  my  father's  house  and 
would  call  and  trade."  ("Our  Indian  Pre- 
decessors," 23.) 

The  wigwams  of  all  these  North  Shore 
camps  and  villages  have,  like  their  builders, 
disappeared  forever  from  the  earth,  but  it 
is  a  pleasing  reverie  to  think  of  them  and 
of  the  forests  and  the  ridges  and  the  North 
Shore,  as  in  those  olden  days  they  used  to 
be. 

The  Indian  Mounds  and  Graves  of  the 
North  Shore  are  also  most  interesting  land 
marks.  Indian  graves  have  been  found  in 
Evanston  in  many  localities  along  the  lake 
front,  one  on  the  property  of  Dr.  Robert  D. 
Sheppard,  by  Mr.  C.  S.  Raddin  and  Dr. 
William  A.  Phillips,  two  by  my  father,  Al- 
din  J.  Grover,  in  the  year  1866,  in  laying 
the  foundation  for  "Heck  Hall,"  the  first 
building  constructed  on  the  Northwestern 
University  campus ;  two  more  about  a  block 
north  of  Mr.  Charles  Deering's  residence, 
on  the  bank  of  the  lake ;  another  in  the  ex- 
cavation for  the  foundation  of  James 
Rood's  building  on  Davis  Street,  some  ten 
years  ago. 

The  emblematic  or  totemic  mound,  in  the 
form  of  a  huge  lizard  that  was  under  the 
present  site  of  the  Wellington  Street  Sta- 
tion of  the  Northwestern  Elevated  Rail- 
road, may  well  be  classed  among  the  North 
Shore  landmarks,  and  I  was  informed  its 
existence  has  been  fully  authenticated.  An- 
other one  used  for  burial  purposes,  and 
now  also  obliterated,  was  located  near  the 
Saint  Paul  Railway  viaduct,  at  the  intersec- 
tion of  Ridge  Boulevard  in  Evanston.  This 
mound  was  excavated  some  fifty  years  ago 
by  Evanston  pioneers,  Joel  Stebbins,  Paul 
Pratt  and  James  Colvin,  who  found  a  col- 
lection of  "war  instruments  and  skeletons." 
(Authority,  James  Carney,  of  Evanston.) 

Another    landmark    that    may     well     be 
classed  under  this  heading-  is  across  the  ra- 


48 


OUR  INDIAN  PREDECESSORS 


vine  from  the  residence  and  on  the  premises 
of  the  late  McGregor  Adams,  at  Highland 
Park,  which  is  circular  in  form,  and  about 
thirty  feet  in  diameter,  with  a  round  eleva- 
tion in  the  center,  and  is  said  to  have  been 
the  site  of  a  huge  wigwam  used  as  a  "coun- 
cil house,"  with  trails  leading  to  it  from 
the  west,  marked  by  the  trees  elsewhere  de- 
scribed. 

But  to  return  to  Evanston :  there  was  an 
Indian  cemetery  beside  the  Green  Bay  or 
Ridge  Avenue  trail,  some  four  or  five 
blocks  northwest  of  the  Evanston  light- 
house, and  extending  from  the  Evanston 
Hospital  north  to  the  lake,  terminating 
about  at  the  property  now  owned  by  Mr.  P. 
W.  Gates,  and  extending  across  the  eastern 
edge  of  the  Evanston  golf-grounds.  The 
last  burial  there  is  fully  described  in 
Frances  E.  Willard's  history  of  Evanston, 
"The  Classic  Town"  (page  21).  The  last 
burial  in  this  cemetery  is  well  authenticated 
by  old  settlers. 

"This  Indian's  coffin  was  made  of  poles 
or  saplings,  laid  up  like  a  log  house  and 
bound  together  at  the  corners  with  withes 
of  bark,  and  the  top  was  also  of  poles  fas- 
tened in  like  manner.  With  him  was  bu- 
ried his  gun  and  tomahawk  and  his  dog. 
He  was  buried  in  a  sitting  posture,  above 
ground,  and  facing  the  east."  (See  Mr. 
Hill's  account  of  this  in  Miss  Willard's 
"Classic  Town.") 

Some  old  settlers  (then  boys)  were  kept 
awake  many  nights  by  visions  of  the  grin- 
ning skeleton,  which  they  saw  by  peeping 
through  the  cracks  between  the  poles, 
which  immediately  preceded  their  flight  in 
terror  to  their  home.  The  tomahawk  bu- 
ried with  this  Indian  was  found  on  the 
site  of  the  grave  of  this  identical  Indian  in 
1875,  and  is  now  the  property  of  the  Evans- 
ton Historical  Society.  The  exact  site  of 
this  burial  is  on  the  west  side  of  Ridge 
Boulevard,  a  little  north  of  the  intersection 


of  Sheridan  Road  and  thirty  to  forty  feet 
south  of  Joseph  Nellessen's  house,  and  it 
may  be  of  interest  to  Evanston  golf  en- 
thusiasts, who  pursue  the  game  until  the 
shadows  of  evening  fall,  to  know  that  Hole 
or  Green  No.  9,  of  the  Evanston  Golf  Club's 
course,  is  within  less  than  fifty  feet  of  this 
former  sepulcher.  (Authority,  B.  F.  Hill, 
who  saw,  when  a  boy,  the  grave,  procured 
the  tomahawk  and  presented  it  to  the  Ev- 
anston Society,  and  who  has  described  to 
the  writer  the  exact  location  as  deter- 
mined by  the  modern  landmarks  just 
mentioned.) 

The  many  burials,  so  wildly  scattered 
over  Evanston,  have  an  important  signifi- 
cance in  the  respect  that  they  indicate  more 
than  the  ordinary  scattering  Indian  popu- 
lation. 

Recollections  of  Later  Settlers. — In 
later  years  and,  even  as  late  as  1870,  single 
Indians  and  very  small  bands  or  families, 
came  through  Evanston,  traveling  to  and 
from  the  north  and  Chicago,  following  the 
railroad  and  the  lake.  I  have  personal  rec- 
ollection of  such  visitors  on  two  or  three 
occasions  between  1866  and  1870,  when 
they  would  camp  and  spend  the  night  i' ri- 
der the  oaks  at  the  northeast  corner  of 
Sherman  Avenue  and  Lake  Street ;  but 
these  were  not  the  wild  prairie  Indians  of 
the  olden  time,  and  their  character  may  be 
illustrated  by  an  anecdote.  A  year  or  two 
ago  I  was  visiting  the  summer  home  of  a 
Kentucky  gentleman  on  Lake  Huron.  His 
family  had  a  colored  cook — "Aunt  Caro- 
line"— who  had  never  before  been  in  the 
North.  My  friend  had  in  his  employ,  about 
his  grounds,  several  half-breed  Chippewas 
(Ojibways).  The  next  morning,  after 
"Aunt  Caroline's"  arrival,  one  of  the  chil- 
dren of  the  family  tried  to  alarm  her  by 
saying  that  the  Indians  were  apt  to  scalp 
her.  to  which  she  replied :  "Law  no,  honey ! 
them's  pet  Indians." 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


49 


Five  Great  Treaties — Removal  of  the 
Pottawatomies. — Five  important  treaties 
preceded  and  were  effective  in  divesting  the 
Pottawatomies  of  their  title  to  this  part  of 
the  land  of  the  Illinois.  The  first  was  the 
treaty  of  Greenville,  effected  by  William  H. 
Harrison,  as  aid-de-camp  to  Major-General 
Anthony  Wayne,  August  3,  1795,  by  which 
the  Indians  ceded  "one  piece  of  land  six 
miles  square  at  the  mouth  of  the  Chikago 
River,  emptying  into  the  southwest  end  of 
Lake  Michigan,  where  a  fort  formerly 
stood." 

The  second  was  the  treaty  of  Saint  Louis, 
concluded  August  24,  1816,  and  negotiated 
by  Gov.  Ninian  Edwards,  by  which  the  In- 
dians ceded  twenty  miles  of  lake  front,  di- 
rectly south  of  Evanston,  and  a  great  ad- 
jacent territory  lying  to  the  west  and  south. 
The  northern  boundary  of  this  cession  (ten 
miles  north  of  the  Chicago  River)  is  what 
has  been  known  by  Ridgeville  and  Evans- 
ton  citizens,  for  some  fifty  years,  as  "the 
Indian  Botmdary  line"  and  "Indian  Boun- 
dary Road,"  above  referred  to.  The  south- 
ern boundary  of  the  land  ceded  by  this 
treaty  began  on  the  lake  shore,  ten  miles 
south  of  the  Chicago  River.  The  Indians 
retained  by  the  provisions  of  this  treaty 
the  right  to  hunt  and  fish,  within  the  tract 
of  land  ceded,  "so  long  as  it  may  continue 
to  be  the  property  of  the  United  States." 
The  object  of  the  Government  in  securing 
this  land,  was  said  to  be  "to  construct  a 
military  road  to  facilitate  the  building  of 
the  proposed  ship  canal."  (Blanchard, 
supra,  419.) 

The  third  of  the  treaties  referred  to  was 
the  Treaty  of  Chicago,  concluded  August 
29,  1 82 1,  by  which  the  Pottawatomies  ceded 
some  5,000,000  acres  of  land  in  Michigan, 
and  thus  began  the  most  important  cessions 
of  their  large  domain.  It  was  at  Chicago 
at  this  time  that  the  Pottawatomie  Chief 
Me-te-a   made   his   eloquent   and   historical 


speech,  so  often  quoted  by  Indian  histori- 
ans. It  is  of  interest  to  show  the  feeling  of 
the  Pottawatomies  in  regard  to  parting 
with  their  lands.  The  following  quotations 
are  from  Samuel  G.  Drake's  "Book  of  the 
Indians" : 

"You  know  that  we  first  came  to  this  country 
a  long  time  ago,  and  when  we  sat  ourselves  down 
upon  it,  we  met  with  a  great  many  hardships  and 
difficulties.  Our  country  was  then  very  large;  but 
it  has  dwindled  away  to  a  small  spot,  and  you 
wish  to  purchase  that.  .  .  .  We  have  brought  all 
the  warriors  and  the  young  men  and  women  of 
our  tribe  that  one  part  may  not  do  what  the  oth- 
ers oljjecl  to.  .  .  .  Our  country  was  given  to  us 
by  the  Great  Spirit,  who  gave  it  to  us  to  hunt 
upon,  to  make  our  cornfields  upon,  to  live  upon, 
and  to  make  our  beds  upon  when  we  die,  and  He 
would  never  forgive  us  should  we  bargain  it 
away.  When  you  first  spoke  to  us  of  lands  at  St. 
Mary's  we  said  we  had  a  little  and  agreed  to  sell 
you  a  piece  of  it ;  but  we  told  you  we  could  spare 
no  more.  Now  you  ask  us  again.  You  are  never 
satisfied.  We  have  sold  you  a  great  tract  of  land 
already,  but  it  is  not  enough.  .  .  .  You  are  grad- 
ually taking  away  our  hunting  grounds.  Your 
children  are  driving  us  before  them.  We  are 
growing  uneasy.  VVhat  lands  you  have  you  can 
retain  forever,  but  we  shall  sell  no  more.  You 
think,  perhaps,  that  I  speak  in  passion,  but  my 
heart  is  good  towards  you.  I  speak  like  one  of 
your  own  children.  I  am  an  Indian,  a  red-skin, 
and  live  by  hunting  and  fishing,  but  my  country  is 
already  too  small,  and  I  do  not  know  how  to  bring 
up  my  children  if  I  give  it  all  away.  .  .  .  We 
speak  to  you  with  a  good  heart  and  the  feelings  of 
a  friend.  You  are  acquainted  with  this  piece  of 
land — the  country  we  live  in.  Shall  we  give  it 
up?  Take  notice  it  is  a  small  piece  of  land,  and 
if  we  give  it  away  what  will  become  of  us?  .  .  . 
If  we  had  more  land,  you  should  get  more,  but 
our  land  has  been  wasting  away  ever  since  the 
white  people  became  our  neighbors  and  we  now 
have  hardly  enough  left  to  cover  the  bones  of  our 
tribe.  You  are  in  the  midst  of  your  red  children. 
We  all  shake  hands  with  you.  Behold  our  war- 
riors, our  women  and  children.  Take  pity  on 
us  and  on  our  words." 

The  fourth  of  the  treaties  in  question  was 
that  of  Prairie  du  Chien,  concluded  July  29, 
1829,  ceding  the  lake  front  from  Kenilworth 
to  Rogers  Park,  including  Wilmette  and 
Evanston  and  lands  to  the  west,  fully  men- 
tioned in  references  to  Ouilmette,  his  fam- 
ily and  Reservation. 

The  fifth  of  the  treaties  mentioned  was 
the  final  treaty  of  Chicago,  concluded  Sep- 
tember 26,  1833,  by  which  the  Pottawato- 
mies  ceded  to  the  United  States  all  that 


50 


OUR  INDIAN  PREDECESSORS 


remained  of  their  lands  in  Illinois  and  Wis- 
consin ("supposed  to  contain,"  the  treaty 
says,  "about  five  million  acres"),  and  which 
provided  for  and  resulted  in  their  removal 
from  Illinois  and  west  of  the  Mississippi. 

There  is  a  very  numerous  class  of  Ameri- 
can writers  who  have  little  or  no  sympa- 
thy with  the  Indian  or  his  supposed  rights ; 
they  look  upon  him  and  the  land  he  has  oc- 
cupied as  not  only  the  inevitable,  but  the 
just  spoil  of  advancing  civilization.  It  must, 
however,  be  a  man  with  a  heart  of  stone 
that  could  view,  without  some  feeling  of 
sentiment,  this  once  proud  and  powerful  na- 
tion, compelled  by  circumstance  to  which 
they  had  made  no  contribution,  to  desert  the 
land  of  their  fathers  and  terminate  a  resi- 
dence of  more  than  a  century  and  a  half,  at 
the  demand  of  more  powerful  masters. 

Chicago  in  1833  was  an  insignificant 
frontier  village ;  but  it  was  then  the  scene 
of  a  great  and  historic  drama,  both  pictur- 
esque and  pathetic.  At  the  time  the  treaty 
was  concluded  an  English  writer,  a  gentle- 
man of  learning — Charles  J.  Latrobe — was 
making  a  tour  of  this  country,  and  was  in 
Chicago.  In  a  book  dedicated  to  Washing- 
ton Irving,  entitled  "Rambler,"  printed  in 
London  in  1835,  he  describes  the  scene  from 
which  I  quote : 

"When  within  five  miles  of  Chicago  we  came  to 
the  first  Indian  encampment;  five  thousand  Indians 
were  said  to  be  collected  around  this  little  upstart 
village. 

"We  found  the  village  on  our  arrival  crowded 
to  excess,  and  we  procured  with  great  difficulty  a 
small  apartment,  comfortless  and  noisy  from  its 
close  proximity  to  others,  but  quite  as  good  as  we 
could  have  hoped  for.  The  Pottawatomies  were 
encamped  on  all  sides — on  the  wide  level  prairie 
beyond  the  scattered  village,  beneath  the  shelter 
of  the  low  woods  on  the  side  of  the  small  river, 
or  to  the  leeward  of  the  sand  hills  near  the  beach 
of  the  lake.  They  consisted  of  three  principal 
tribes  with  certain  adjuncts  from  smaller  tribes. 
The  main  divisions  are,  the  Pottawatomies  of  the 
prairie  and  those  of  the  forest,  and  these  are  sub- 
divided into  distinct  villages  under  their  several 
chiefs.     .     .     . 

"A  preliminary  council  had  been  held  with  the 
chiefs  some  days  before  our  arrival.  The  princi- 
pal commissioner  had  opened  it,  as  we  learned,  by 


stating  that,  'as  their  great  father  in  Washington 
had  heard  that  they  wished  to  sell  their  land,  he 
had  sent  Commissioners  to  treat  with  them.'  The 
Indians  promptly  answered  by  their  organ  'that 
their  great  father  in  Washington  must  have  seen  a 
bad  bird  which  had  told  him  a  lie,  for  that,  far 
from  wishing  to  sell  their  land,  they  wished  to 
keep  it.'  The  commissioner,  nothing  daunted,  re- 
plied :  'That  nevertheless,  as  they  had  come  to- 
gether for  a  council,  they  must  take  the  matter 
into  consideration.'  He  then  explained  to  them 
promptly  the  wishes  and  intentions  of  their  great 
father,  and  asked  their  opinion  thereon.  Thus 
pressed,  they  looked  at  the  sky,  saw  a  few  wander- 
ing clouds,  and  straightway  adjourned  sine  die, 
as  the  weather  is  not  clear  enough  for  so  solemn 
a  council. 

"However,  as  the  treaty  had  been  opened,  pro- 
vision was  supplied  to  them  by  regular  rations; 
and  the  same  night  they  had  great  rejoicing — 
danced  the  war  dance,  and  kept  the  eyes  and  ears 
of  all  open  by  running  and  howling  about  the 
village. 

"Such  was  the  state  of  affairs  on  our  arrival. 
Companies  of  old  warriors  might  be  seen  sitting 
smoking  under  every  bush,  arguing,  palavering  or 
'pow-wowing'  with  great  earnestness;  but  there 
seemed  no  possibility  of  bringing  them  to  another 
council  in  a  hurry. 

"Next  in  rank  to  the  officers  and  commissioners, 
may  be  noticed  certain  store-keepers  and  mer- 
chants here;  looking  either  to  the  influx  of  new 
settlers  establishing  themselves  in  the  neighbor- 
hood, or  those  passing  yet  further  to  the  westward, 
for  custom  and  profit ;  not  to  forget  the  chance  of 
extraordinary  occasions  like  the  present.  Add  to 
these  a  doctor  or  two,  two  or  three  lawyers,  a 
land  agent,  and  five  or  six  hotel-keepers.  These 
may  be  considered  as  stationary,  and  proprietors 
of  the  half  a  hundred  clap-board  houses  around 
you. 

"Then,  for  the  birds  of  passage — exclusive 
of  the  Pottawatomies,  of  whom  more  anon — and 
emigrants  and  land  speculators  as  numerous  as  the 
sands.  You  will  find  horse-dealers  and  horse- 
stealers ;  rogues  of  every  description,  white,  black, 
brown,  and  red ;  half-breeds,  quarter-breeds,  and 
men  of  no  breed  at  all ;  dealers  in  pigs,  poultry 
and  potatoes ;  men  pursuing  Indian  claims,  some 
for  tracts  of  land,  others,  like  our  friend  Snipe 
(one  of  his  stage  coach  companions  on  the  way), 
for  pigs  which  wolves  had  eaten,  creditors  of  the 
tribes  or  of  particular  Indians,  who  know  that  they 
have  no  chance  of  getting  their  money,  if  they  do 
not  get  it  from  the  government  agents — sharpers 
of  every  degree;  peddlers,  grog-sellers,  Indian 
agents  and  Indian  traders  of  every  description, 
and  contractors  to  supply  the  Pottawatomies  with 
food.  The  little  village  was  in  an  uproar  from 
morning  to  night,  and  from  night  to  morning;  for, 
during  the  hours  of  darkness,  when  the  housed 
portion  of  the  population  of  Chicago  strove  to  ob- 
tain repose  in  the  crowded  plank  edifices  of  the 
village,  the  Indians  howled,  sang,  wept,  yelled  and 
whooped  in  their  various  encampments. 

"I  loved  to  stroll  out  toward  sunset  across  the 
river,  and  gaze  upon  the  level  horizon,  stretching 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


51 


to  the  northwest  over  the  surface  of  the  prairie, 
dotted  with  innumerable  objects  far  and  near. 
Not  far  from  the  river  lay  many  groups  of  tents 
constructed  of  coarse  canvas,  blankets  and  mats, 
and  surmounted  by  poles  supporting  meat,  moc- 
casins and  rags.  Their  vicinity  was  always  en- 
livened by  various  painted  Indian  figures,  dressed 
in  the  most  gaudy  attire.  The  interior  of  the  hov- 
els generally  displayed  a  confined  area,  perhaps 
covered  with  a  few  half-rotten  mats  or  shavings, 
upon  which  men.  women,  children  and  baggage 
were  heaped  pell-mell. 

"Far  and  wide  the  grassy  prairie  teemed  with 
figures ;  warriors  mounted  or  on  foot,  squaws  and 
horses;  here  a  race  between  three  or  four  Indian 
ponies,  each  carrying  a  double  rider,  whooping  and 
yelling  like  fiends ;  there  a  solitary  horseman  with 
a  long  spear,  turbaned  like  an  Arab,  scouring 
along  at  full  speed :  groups  of  hobbled  horses,  In- 
dian dogs  and  children,  or  a  grave  conclave  of 
gray  chiefs  seated  on  the  grass  in  consultation. 

"It  was  amusing  to  wind  silently  from  group  to 
group — here  noting  the  raised  knife,  the  sudden 
drunken  brawl,  quashed  by  the  good-natured  and 
even  playful  interference  of  the  neighbors;  there 
a  party  breaking  up  their  encampment,  and  falling 
with  their  little  train  of  loaded  ponies  and  wolfish 
dogs  into  tile  deep,  black  narrow  trail  running  to 
the  north.  You  peep  into  a  wigwam  and  see  a 
domestic  feud ;  the  chief  sitting  in  dogged  silence 
on  the  mat,  while  the  women,  of  which  there  were 
commonly  two  or  three  in  every  dwelling,  and  who 
appeared  every  evening  more  elevated  with  the 
fumes  of  whisky  than  the  males,  read  him  a  lect- 
ure. From  another  tent  a  constant  voice  of 
wrangling  and  weeping  would  proceed,  when  sud- 
denly an  offended  fair  one  would  draw  the  mat 
aside,  and  taking  a  youth  standing  without  by  the 
hand,  lead  him  apart  and  sitting  down  on  the 
grass,  set  up  the  most  indescriable  whine  as  she 
told  her  grief.  Then  forward  comes  an  Indian, 
staggering  with  his  chum  from  a  debauch;  he  is 
met  by  his  squaw,  with  her  child  dangling  in  a 
fold  of  her  blanket  behind,  and  the  sobbing  and 
weeping  which  accompanies  her  whining  appeal  to 
him,  as  she  hangs  to  his  hand,  would  melt  your 
heart,  if  you  did  not  see  that  she  was  quite  as  tipsy 
as  himself.     .     .     . 

"It  is  a  grievous  thing  that  the  government  is 
not  strong-handed  enough  to  put  a  stop  to  the 
shameful  and  scandalous  sale  of  whisky  to  those 
poor,  miserable  wretches.  But  here  lie  casks  of 
it  for  sale  under  the  very  eyes  of  the  Commis- 
sioners, met  together  for  purposes  which  demand 
that  sobriety  should  be  maintained,  were  it  only 
that  no  one  should  be  able  to  lay  at  their  door  an 
accusation  of  unfair  dealing,  and  of  having  taken 
advantage  of  the  helpless  Indian  in  a  bargain, 
whereby  the  people  of  the  United  States  were  to 
be  so  greatly  the  gainers.     .     .     . 

"Day  after  day  passed.  It  was  in  vain  that  the 
signal  gun  from  the  fort  gave  notice  of  an  as- 
semblage of  chiefs  at  the  council  fire.  Reasons 
were  always  found  for  its  delay.  One  day  an  in- 
fluential chief  was  not  in  the  way;  another,  the 
sky  looked  cloudy,  and  the  Indian  never  performs 
an  important  business  except  the  sky  be  clear.    At 


length,  on  September  21st,  the  Pottawatomies  re- 
solved to  meet  the  Commissioners.  We  were 
politely  invited  to  be  present. 

"The  council  fire  was  lighted  under  a  spacious 
open  shed  on  the  green  meadow,  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  river  from  that  on  which  the  fort 
stood.  From  the  difficulty  of  getting  all  together, 
it  was  late  in  the  afternoon  when  they  assembled. 
There  might  be  twenty  or  thirty  chiefs  present, 
seated  at  the  lower  end  of  the  enclosure,  while  the 
commissioners,  interpreters,  etc.,  were  at  the  up- 
per. The  palaver  was  opened  by  the  principal 
Commissioner.     .     .     . 

"The  relative  positions  of  the  Commissioners 
and  the  whites  before  the  council  fire,  and  that  of 
the  red  children  of  the  forest  and  prairie,  were  to 
me  strikingly  impressive.  The  glorious  light  of 
the  setting  sun  streaming  in  under  the  low  roof  of 
the  council  house,  fell  full  on  the  countenances  of 
the  former  as  they  faced  the  west — while  the  pale 
light  of  the  east  hardly  lighted  up  the  dark  and 
painted  lineaments  of  the  poor  Indians,  whose 
souls  evidently  clave  to  their  birthright  in  that 
quarter.  Even  though  convinced  of  the  necessity 
of  their  removal,  my  heart  bled  for  them  in  their 
desolation  and  decline.  Ignorant  and  degraded 
as  they  may  have  been  in  their  original  state,  their 
degradation  is  now  ten-fold,  after  years  of  inter- 
course with  the  whites;  and  their  speedy  disap- 
pearance from  the  earth  appears  as  certain  as 
though  it  were  already  sealed  and  accomplished. 

"Your  own  reflections  will  lead  you  to  form  the 
conclusion — and  it  will  be  a  just  one — that  even 
if  he  had  the  will,  the  power  would  be  wanting  for 
the  Indian  to  keep  his  territory,  and  that  the  busi- 
ness of  arranging  the  terms  of  an  Indian  treaty — 
whatever  it  might  have  been  two  hundred  years 
ago,  while  the  Indian  tribes  had  not,  as  now, 
thrown  aside  the  rude  but  vigorous  intellectual 
character  which  distinguished  many  among  them 
— now  lies  chiefly  between  the  various  traders, 
agents,  creditors  and  balf-breeds  of  the  tribes, 
on  whom  custom  and  necessity  have  made  the  de- 
graded chiefs  dependent,  and  the  Government 
agents.  When  the  former  have  seen  matters  so 
far  arranged  their  self-interests  and  various 
schemes  and  claims  are  likely  to  be  fulfilled  and 
allowed  to  their  hearts'  content,  the  silent  acqui- 
escence of  the  Indian  follows  of  course ;  and  till 
this  is  the  case,  the  treaty  can  never  be  amicably 
effected.  In  fine,  before  we  quitted  Chicago  on 
the  2oth,  three  or  four  days  later,  the  treaty  with 
the  Pottawatomies  was  concluded — the  Commis- 
sioners putting  their  hands,  and  the  assembled 
chief  their  paws,  to  the  same." 

Thus,  as  so  ably  described  by  the  English 
writer,  was  consummated  the  transfer  by 
which  Illinois  ceased  to  be  the  land  of  the 
Indian.  The  Indians  received  as  compensa- 
tion for  this  vast  grant  $100,000  "to  satisfy 
sundry  individuals  in  behalf  of  whom  res- 
ervations were  asked,  which  the  Commis- 
sioners refused  to  grant";  $175,000  to  "sat- 


52 


OUR  INDIAN  PREDECESSORS 


isfy  the  claims  made  against"  the  Indians ; 
$100,000  to  be  paid  in  goods  and  provisions ; 
$280,000  to  be  paid  in  an  annuity  of  $14,000 
each  year  for  twenty  years;  $150,000  "to 
be  applied  to  the  erection  of  mills,  farm 
houses,  Indian  houses,  blacksmith  shops,  ag- 
ricultural improvements,"  etc.,  and  $70,000 
"for  purposes  of  education  and  the  encour- 
agement of  the  domestic  arts." 

One  remarkable  feature  of  this  treaty  is 
the  fact  that,  by  its  provisions,  some  five 
hundred  to  one  thousand  persons,  most  of 
them  with  no  Indian  blood  in  their  veins, 
derived  personal  gain  from  the  transaction ; 
the  allowance  and  payment  of  individual 
claims  ranging  in  amount  from  a  few  dol- 
lars to  many  thousands,  and,  as  already 
noted,  about  one-third  of  the  cash  consider- 
ation was  thus  disbursed.  Among  the  in- 
dividual beneficiaries  also  appear  the  follow- 
ing: Alexander  Robinson,  $10,000  cash 
and  $300  annuity,  "in  addition  to  annuities 
already  granted" ;  Billy  Caldwell,  $10,000 
cash  and  $400  annuity,  "in  addition  to  an- 
nuities already  granted" ;  John  Kinzie 
Clark,  $400 ;  allowances  to  Ouilmette  and 
his  family,  already  noted ;  "John  K.  Clark's 
Indian  children  $400"  (John  Kinzie  Clark 
— see  B.  F.  Hill's  interview  supra),  and 
various  allowances  to  the  Kinzie  *^amily. 

The  mere  reading  of  the  treaty  demon- 
strates that  the  "birds  of  pasage,"  "land 
speculators,"  "men  pursuing  Indian  claims," 
"creditors  of  the  tribe,"  "sharpers  of  every 
degree,"  and  "Indian  traders  of  every 
description,"  so  graphically  described  by 
the    English    tourist,    constituted    no    small 


minority  of  the  assembly  at  Chicago  on  this 
occasion,  or  of  those  who  had  to  do  with 
framing  that  part  of  the  treaty  that  pro- 
vided for  the  payment  of  individual  claims. 

Three  years  after  the  signing  of  this  last 
treaty  and  in  the  years  1835  and  1836,  the 
Pottawatomies — or  at  least  the  most  of 
them — then  some  5,000  in  number,  were  re- 
moved west  of  the  Mississippi,  into  Mis- 
souri, near  Fort  Leavenworth.  They  re- 
mained there  but  a  year  or  two  on  account 
of  the  hostility  of  the  frontier  settlers,  and 
were  again  removed  to  Council  Bluffs,  and 
in  a  few  years  again  to  a  reservation  in 
Kansas,  where  three  or  four  hundred  of 
their  number  still  exist,  while  others  are  in 
the  Indian  Territory.  Their  history  since 
leaving  Illinois  has  been  in  the  main  that 
of  all  the  Indian  tribes — a  steady  dwindling, 
until  less  than  what  was  one-fourth  of 
their  numbers  in  1836  now  remain. 

These  transactions  are  all  within  the 
memory  of  many  living  citizens.  A  little 
more  than  half  a  century  has  rolled  by  since 
these  children  of  the  prairie  and  of  the  for- 
est took  their  farewell  look  at  old  Lake 
Michigan  and  crossed,  for  the  last  time,  in 
their  westward  journey,  the  plains  and 
woods  and  streams  of  the  land  of  the  Illi- 
nois. Their  fathers  entered  here  with  strong 
and  bloody  hands ;  peacably,  yet  by  still 
stronger  hands,  have  they  gone  the  way  of 
all  their  race.  They  have  caused  the  white 
man  to  hear  and  to  speak  of  the  last  of  the 
Illinois  ;  and  soon — too  soon — will  the  white 
man  also  hear  of  the  last  of  the  Pottawa- 
tomies. 


CHAPTER    III. 


NORTHWESTERN  UNIVERSITY 


The  Beginning — First  Meeting  of  the 
Founders — Prime  Movers  in  the  Enter- 
prise— Resolutions  and  Draft  of  Charter 
Adopted — The  Legislature  Acts — First 
Board  of  Trustees — Organisation  Ef- 
fected— Search  for  a  Site  for  the  Neiv 
Institution — The  Present  Location  at  Ev- 
anston  Finally  Selected — Acquisition  of 
Lands — Valuable  Real  Estate  in  Chicago 
Retained  as  Part  of  the  Endowment — 
Election  of  a  President  is  Decided  Upon. 

Most  American  Universities  that  have 
attained  to  a  position  of  strength  and  wide 
usefulness  have  had  humble  beginnings, 
and  have  gathered  volume  and  momentum 
through  a  long  period  of  years.  They  have 
acquired,  too,  in  that  time,  a  style  and  a 
spirit,  all  their  own,  which  it  is  difficult  to 
portray  in  words.  It  needs  the  experience 
and  interest  of  an  alumnus  to  give  life  to 
what  would  be  the  dreary  details  of  its 
progress ;  3'et  these  details  are  what  we  call 
history.  They  are  the  footprints  of  its  for- 
ward march.  What  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity is  now,  is — to  most  of  us — the  thing 
that  makes  the  story  of  interest.  This  will 
be  hinted  at  in  the  progress  of  this  narra- 
tion, and  will  be  told  more  fully  by  other 
writers.  The  period  of  the  existence  of 
Northwestern  University  has  been  under 
the  close  observation  of  men  now  living. 
One  of  its  original  founders — then  a  young 


man,  now  full  of  years — still  tarries  among 
us,  and  some  of  its  earliest  graduates  are 
still  in  the  vigor  of  life.  Its  records  are  all 
accessible,  unfaded  as  if  written  only  yes- 
terday. Its  growth  coincides  with  that  of 
the  town  in  which  it  is  located  and  the 
neighboring  city.  It  is  a  perilous  task  to 
deal  with  names  so  familiar  as  the  names  of 
the  men  who  have  chiefly  wrought  out  its 
fortunes,  or  with  events  so  recent.  We  can 
deal  more  bravely,  and  perhaps  more  freely, 
with  men  and  events  of  a  few  centuries 
gone. 

First  Meeting  of  the  Founders. — It  was 
on  May  31,  1850,  that  a  little  company  of 
men  gathered  by  appointment  in  the  dingy 
law  office  of  Grant  Goodrich,  on  Lake 
Street,  between  Clark  and  Dearborn,  in  the 
City  of  Chicago,  over  the  hardware  store 
of  Jabez  K.  Botsford.  That  region  was 
then  the  very  heart  of  the  business  life  of 
Chicago.  These  men  were  convened  for 
the  ambitious  purpose  of  establishing  a  uni- 
versity at  what  they  considered  the  Center 
of  Influence  in  the  Northwest,  under  the 
patronage  and  government  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church.  Chicago  then  had  three 
Methodist  Churches:  Clark  Street,  the 
munificent  Mother  of  Chicago  Methodism, 
on  the  South  Side ;  Canal  Street  on  the 
West  Side ;  and  Indiana  Street  Chapel  on 
the  North  Side.  The  men  present  were 
representatives    of    those    churches.      The 


53 


54 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


most  positive  and  aggressive  among  them 
were  Grant  Goodrich  and  John  Evans.  The 
latter  was  most  Hkely  the  leader,  for  he  was 
a  man  who  dreamed  great  dreams,  and  then 
set  to  work  to  realize  them.  The  roll  of  the 
founders  who  disposed  themselves  in  the  law 
office  that  day  were:  Rev.  Richard  Haney, 
then  pastor  of  Clark  Street  Church;  Rev. 
R.  K.  Blanchard,  Pastor  of  Canal  Street 
Church;  Rev.  Zadok  HaU,  Pastor  of  In- 
diana Street  Church  ;  Grant  Goodrich,  An- 
drew J.  Brown,  John  Evans,  Orrington 
Lunt,  Jabez  K.  Botsford  and  Henry  W. 
Clark;  three  ministers  of  the  gospel,  three 
attorneys,  one  physician  and  two  mer- 
chants evidenced  that  the  future  would 
not  neglect  the  departments  of  Theology, 
Medicine,  Law  and,  possibly.  Commerce. 
These  were  devoted  men,  men  of  zeal,  en- 
thusiastic Methodist  Christians  who  had 
faith  in  the  future  and  wished  their  church, 
in  its  educational  work,  to  share  in  the  op- 
portunities they  believed  the  future  had  in 
store.  There  was,  at  that  time,  no  institu- 
tion of  college  rank  nearer  than  Galesburg, 
Illinois,  where  Knox  College  was  situated. 
The  only  other  colleges  in  the  State  at  that 
time  were  Illinois  College  at  Jacksonville, 
ShurtlefT  at  Alton,  and  McKendree  at 
Lebanon  ;  and  inasmuch  as  Chicago  was  to 
be  the  metropolis  of  the  Northwest  and  a 
great  center  of  population,  it  should  also 
be  a  seat  of  learning. 

The  chair  was  taken  by  Grant  Goodrich. 
The  work  of  the  meeting  had  been  cut  and 
dried.  Brother  Goodrich  had  a  little  paper 
in  his  pocket  which  he  was  prepared  to  read, 
explaining  the  purpose  of  their  gathering. 
He  was  the  Methodist  attorney  of  Chicago. 
There  were  other  Methodi,st  lawyers  in 
Chicago,  but  he  over-topped  thein ;  he  was 
earlier  in  the  field ;  keen,  combative,  per- 
sistent, devoted  to  his  clients  and  of  stain- 
less honor,  a  man  who  wanted  hi.s  own  wa\' 
and    fought    for    it.      There    were    men    in 


that  company  who  would  give  Brother 
Goodrich  good  battle  if  he  left  any  weak 
points  exposed,  notably  Dr.  Evans,  who  had 
a  mind  of  his  own  and  no  hesitancy  or  lack 
of  skill  in  expressing  it.  The  scheme  of 
Northwestern  Lhiiversity  bears  the  marks 
of  his  far-seeing  mind,  whose  plans  were 
uniformly  bold  and  full  of  faith,  and  which, 
with  the  added  element  of  time,  have,  in 
almost  every  scheme  with  which  he  was 
connected,  achieved  a  splendid  result. 

Steps  Taken  for  Founding  the  Univer- 
sity.— The  purpose  of  the  meeting  was 
briefly  explained.  Andrew  J.  Brown  was 
made  Secretary,  and  then  the  paper  was 
produced — the  first  formal  step  in  the 
establishment  of  the  University.  That 
paper  read  as  follows  : 

"Whereas,  The  interests  of  sanctified  learning 
require  the  immediate  establishment  of  a  univer- 
sity in  the  Northwest,  under  the  patronage  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church : 

"Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  five  be  appointed 
to  prepare  a  draft  of  a  charter  to  incorporate  a 
literary  university,  to  be  located  at  Chicago,  to 
be  under  the  control  and  patronage  of  the  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church,  to  be  submitted  to  the 
next  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Illinois. 

"Resolved,  That  said  committee  memorialize 
the  Rock  River,  Wisconsin,  Michigan  and  North 
Indiana  Conferences  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  to  mutually  take  part  in  the  government 
and  patronage  of  said  university. 

"Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  three  be  ap- 
pointed to  ascertain  what  amount  can  be  obtained 
for  the  erection  and  endowment  of  said  institu- 
tion." 

These  resolutions  were  spoken  to  by 
Rev.  Richard  Haney,  the  foremost  preacher 
in  Rock  River  Conference,  at  that  early 
day  pastor  of  its  leading  pulpit,  a  man  of 
commanding  presence  and  persuasive 
speech,  and  very  loyal  to  his  church  and  all 
her  agencies,  against  whom  posterity  has  no 
charge  to  make  that  he  did  not  labor  tire- 
lessly or  wisely,  or  plan  broadly  for  the 
coming  years,  and  a  man  who  was  destined 


en 

!^ 

>^ 

> 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


55 


to  be  associated  with  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity, as  a  Trustee,  till  his  death,  and  who, 
during  that  time,  never  missed  an  annual 
meeting  of  its  Board  of  Trustees,  save  one, 
when  sickness  interfered. 

Then  Dr.  Evans  spoke,  with  kindling  eye 
and  with  the  fervid  speech  of  a  great  pro- 
moter. He  saw  the  future  in  the  instant. 
He  would  associate  the  cause  of  education 
with  the  inevitable  growth  of  Chicago  and 
the  increase  of  values  of  property.  Let 
men  sacrifice  something  now,  and  the  com- 
ing peoples  would  pay  tribute  to  their  de- 
votion and  sagacity,  was  the  burden  of  his 
speech. 

The  resolutions  were  unanimously 
adopted.  The  two  committees  suggested 
were  appointed :  First,  On  the  Charter — 
John  Evans,  A.  J.  Brown,  E.  G.  Meek,  A. 
S.  Sherman  and  Grant  Goodrich;  Second, 
On  Co-operation  of  Northwest  Conferences 
—Rev.  R.  Haney,  Rev.  R.  H.  Blanchard 
and  Dr.  John  Evans.  They  were  requested 
to  report  in  two  weeks  from  that  date,  at 
three  o'clock  p.  m.,  at  the  Clark  Street 
parsonage.  They  meant  business,  and  the 
committees  went  immediately  about  their 
work.  Promptly  at  three  o'clock  of  the 
day  appointed,  the  brethren  gathered  in  the 
parlor  of  Brother  Haney 's  parsonage  on 
Clark  Street,  in  the  rear  of  the  First  Church. 
Dr.  Evans  reported  for  his  committee  the 
draft  of  a  charter  as  follows : 

Form  of  Charter  Proposed. 

Section  i. — Be  it  enacted  by  the  people  of  the 
State  of  Illinois,  represented  in  the  General  As- 
sembly :  That  Richard  Haney,  Philo  Judson,  S.  P. 
Keyes  and  A.  E.  Phelps,  and  such  persons  as  shall 
be  appointed  by  the  Rock  River  Annual  Confer- 
ence of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  to  suc- 
ceed them  in  the  said  office;  Henry  Summers, 
Elihu  Springer,  David  Brooks  and  Elmore  Yo- 
cum,  and  such  persons  as  shall  be  appointed  by 
the  Wisconsin  Annual  Conference  of  said  Church 
to  succeed  them;  four  individuals,  if  chosen,  and 
such  persons  as  shall  be  appointed  to  succeed 
them  by  the  Michigan  Annual  Conference  of  said 


Church ;  four  individuals,  if  chosen,  and  such 
persons  as  shall  be  appointed  to  succeed  them  by 
the  North  Indiana  Annual  Conference  of  said 
Church;  H.  W.  Reed,  I.  I.  Stewart,  D.  N.  Smith 
and  George  M.  Teas,  and  such  persons  as  shall  be 
appointed  to  succeed  them  by  the  Iowa  Annual 
Conference  of  said  Church;  four  individuals,  if 
chosen,  and  such  persons  as  shall  be  appointed  to 
succeed  them  by  the  Illinois  Annual  Conference  of 
said  Church ;  A.  S.  Sherman,  Grant  Goodrich, 
Andrew  J.  Brown,  John  Evans,  Orrington  Lunt. 
J.  K.  Botsford,  Joseph  Kettlestrings.  George  F. 
Foster,  Eri  Reynolds,  John  M.  Arnold,  Absalom 
Funk  and  E.  B.  Kingsley,  and  such  persons,  citi- 
zens of  Chicago  or  its  vicinity,  as  shall  be  ap- 
pointed by  the  Board  of  Trustees  hereby  consti- 
tuted to  succeed  them ;  be  and  they  are  hereby 
created  and  constituted  a  body  politic  and  corpor- 
ate, under  the  name  and  title  of  the  Trustees  of  the 
Northwestern  University,  and  henceforth  shall  be 
styled  and  known  by  that  name,  and  by  name  and 
style  to  remain  and  have  perpetual  succession,  with 
power  to  sue  and  to  be  sued,  plead  and  be  implead- 
ed, to  acquire,  hold  and  convey  property,  real,  per- 
sonal or  mixed,  in  all  lawful  ways ;  to  have  and  to 
use  a  common  seal  and  to  alter  the  same  at  pleas- 
ure ;  to  make  and  alter,  from  time  to  time,  such  by- 
laws as  they  may  deem  necessary  for  the  govern- 
ment of  said  institution,  its  officers  and  servants, 
provided  such  by-laws  are  not  inconsistent  with 
the  Constitution  and  laws  of  this  State  and  of  the 
United  States,  and  to  confer  on  such  persons  as 
may  be  considered  worthy  such  academical  or  hon- 
orary degrees  as  are  usually  conveyed  by  similar 
institutions. 

Section  2. — The  term  of  office  of  said  Trustees 
shall  be  four  years,  but  that  of  one  member  of  the 
Board  for  each  Conference  enjoying  the  appoint- 
ing power  by  this  act,  and  (the)  term  of  three  of 
the  members  whose  successors  are  to  be  ap- 
pointed by  the  Board  hereby  coni^tituted,  shall  ex- 
pire annually,  the  term  of  each  member  of  the 
Board  herein  named  to  be  fixed  by  lot  at  the  first 
meeting  of  said  Board,  which  Board  shall,  in 
manner  above  specified,  have  perpetual  succession, 
and  shall  hold  the  property  of  said  institution  sole- 
ly for  the  purposes  of  education,  and  not  as  a 
stock  for  the  individual  benefit  of  themselves  or 
any  contributor  to  the  endowment  of  the  same ; 
and  no  particular  religious  faith  shall  be  required 
of  those  who  become  students  of  the  institution. 
Nine  members  shall  constitute  a  quorum  for  the 
transaction  of  any  business  of  the  Board,  except 
the  appointment  of  President  or  Professor,  or  the 


56 


NORTHWESTERN  UNIVERSITY 


establishment  of  chairs  in  said  institution,  and  the 
enactment  of  by-laws  for  its  government,  for  which 
the  presence  of  a  majority  of  the  Board  shall  be 
necessary. 

Section  $. — Said  Annual  Conference  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  under  whose  con- 
trol and  patronage  said  University  is  placed,  shall 
each  also  have  the  right  to  appoint  annually  two 
suitable  persons,  members  of  their  own  body, 
visitors  to  said  University,  who  shall  attend  the 
examination  of  students,  and  be  entitled  to  par- 
ticipate in  the  deliberations  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  and  enjoy  all  the  privileges  of  members 
of  said  Board,  except  the  right  to  vote. 

Section  4.— Said  institution  shall  remain  located 
in  or  near  the  City  of  Chicago,  Cook  County,  and 
the  corporators  and  their  successors  shall  be  com- 
petent in  law  or  equity  to  take  to  themselves,  in 
their  said  corporate  name,  real,  personal  or  mixed 
estate,  by  gift,  grant,  bargain  and  sale,  conveyance, 
will,  devise  or  bequest  of  any  person  or  persons 
whomsoever;  and  the  same  estate,  whether  real, 
personal  or  mixed,  to  grant,  bargain,  sell,  convey, 
devise,  let,  place  out  at  interest,  or  otherwise  dis- 
pose of  the  same  for  the  use  of  said  institution  in 
such  manner  as  to  them  shall  seem  most  beneficial 
to  said  institution.  Said  corporation  shall  faith- 
fully apply  all  the  funds  collected,  or  the  proceeds 
of  the  property  belonging  to  the  said  institution, 
according  to  their  best  judgment,  in  erecting  and 
completing  suitable  buildings,  supporting  necessary 
officers,  instructors  and  servants,  and  procuring 
books,  maps,  charts,  globes  and  philosophical, 
chemical  and  other  apparatus  necessary  to  the 
success  of  the  institution,  and  do  all  other  acts 
usually  performed  by  similar  institutions  that  may 
be  deemed  necessary  or  useful  to  the  success  of 
said  institution,  under  the  restrictions  herein  im- 
posed :  Provided,  nevertheless,  that  in  case  any 
donation,  devise  or  bequest  shall  be  made  for  par- 
ticular purposes,  accordant  with  the  design  of  the 
institution,  and  the  corporation  shall  accept  the 
same,  every  such  donation,  devise  or  bequest  shall 
be  applied  in  conformity  with  the  express  condi- 
tions of  the  donor  or  devisor:  provided,  further, 
that  said  corporation  shall  not  be  allowed  to  hold 
more  than  two  thousand  acres  of  land  at  any  one 
time,  unless  the  said  corporation  shall  have  re- 
ceived the  same  gift,  grant  or  devise;  and  in  such 
case  they  shall  be  required  to  sell  or  dispose  of  the 
same  within  ten  years  from  the  time  they  shall 
acquire  such  title ;  and,  on  failure  to  do  so,  such 
lands,  over  and  above  the  before-named  two  thou- 


sand acres,  shall  revert  to  the  original  donor, 
grantor,  devisor  or  their  heirs. 

Section  5. — The  Treasurer  of  the  institution, 
and  all  other  agents  when  required,  before  entering 
upon  the  duties  of  their  appointment,  shall  give 
bond  for  the  security  of  the  corporation  in  such 
penal  sums,  and  with  such  securities  as  the  cor- 
poration shall  approve,  and  all  process  against  the 
corporation  shall  be  by  summons,  and  the  service 
of  the  same  shall  be  by  leaving  an  attested  copy 
thereof  with  the  Treasurer,  at  least  sixty  days  be- 
fore the  return  day  thereof. 

Section  6. — The  corporation  shall  have  power  to 
employ  and  appoint  a  President  or  Principal  for 
said  institution,  and  all  such  professors  or  teachers 
and  all  such  servants  as  shall  be  necessary,  and 
shall  have  power  to  displace  any  or  such  of  them 
as  the  interest  of  the  institution  shall  require,  to 
fill  vacancies  which  may  happen  by  death,  resig- 
nation or  otherwise,  among  said  officers  and  ser- 
vants, and  to  prescribe  and  direct  the  course  of 
studies  to  be  pursued  in  said  institution. 

Section  7. — The  corporation  shall  have  power  to 
establish  departments  for  the  study  of  any  and  all 
the  learned  and  liberal  professions  in  the  same,  to 
confer  the  degree  of  doctor  in  the  learned  arts  and 
sciences  and  belles-lettres,  and  to  confer  such  other 
academical  degrees  as  are  usually  conferred  by  the 
most  learned   institutions. 

Section  8. — Said  institution  shall  have  the  power 
to  institute  a  board  of  competent  persons,  always 
including  the  faculty,  who  shall  examine  such  in- 
dividuals as  shall  apply,  and  if  such  applicants  are 
found  to  possess  such  knowledge  pursued  in  said 
institution  as,  in  the  judgment  of  said  Board,  ren- 
ders them  worthy,  they  may  be  considered  gradu- 
ates in  course,  and  shall  be  entitled  to  diplomas  ac- 
cordingly on  paying  such  fee  as  the  corporation 
shall  afifix,  which  fee,  however,  shall  in  no  case 
exceed  the  tuition  bills  of  the  full  course  of  studies 
in  said  institution.  Said  Examination  Board 
may  not  exceed  the  number  of  ten,  three  of  whom 
may  transact  business,  provided  one  be  of  the 
faculty. 

Section  9. — Should  the  corporation  at  any  time 
act  contrary  to  the  provisions  of  this  charter,  or 
fail  to  comply  with  the  same,  upon  complaint 
being  made  to  the  Circuit  Court  of  Cook  County,  a 
scire  facias  shall  issue,  and  the  Circuit  Attorney 
shall  prosecute,  on  behalf  of  the  people  of  this 
State,  for  the  forfeiture  of  this  charter. 

This  act  shall  be  a  public  act,  and  shall  be  con- 
strued liberally  in  all  courts,  for  the  purpose 
herein  e.xpressed. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


57 


The  draft  of  the  charter  was  approved 
as  read,  and  it  was  agreed  that  the  Legis- 
lature, at  its  ensuing  session,  should  be 
asked  to  enact  it  into  law.  A  memorial 
was  framed  at  the  same  meeting  to  the  dif- 
ferent conferences  in  the  region  of  the 
Northwest,  asking  their  participation.  Min- 
nesota, Nebraska  and  the  Dakotas  were  then 
unknown  quantities  in  their  conception  of 
the  Northwest,  and  were  not  included  in 
the  memorial. 

Organization  is  Effected — -The  charter 
became  a  law  at  the  ensuing  session  of  the 
Legislature,  the  act  being  signed  by  Sidney 
Breese,  Speaker  of  the  House,  and  Lieuten- 
ant-Governor William  McMurtry,  as  Presi- 
dent of  the  Senate,  and  received  the  approval 
of  Gov.  A.  C.  French,  January  28,  185 1.  On 
the  14th  of  June,  next  ensuing,  the  first 
meeting  of  the  corporation  was  held  for 
purposes  of  organization,  and  their  first 
formal  action  was  the  election  of  Dr.  N.  S. 
Davis  as  Trustee,  to  succeed  Eri  Reynolds, 
one  of  the  charter  members,  who  had  died. 
They  accepted  the  act  of  the  Legislature, 
divided  the  members  into  classes  by  lot,  and 
adopted  a  plan  of  operations  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  College  of  Liberal  Arts, 
with  a  President  who  should  be  Professor 
of  Moral  and  Intellectual  Philosophy,  a 
Professor  of  Mathematics,  one  of  Natural 
Sciences,  and  another  of  Modern  Lan- 
guages. A  Preparatory  School  was  like- 
wise contemplated  in  the  City  of  Chicago, 
where  thefe  was  not,  at  that  time,  even  a 
high  school,  and  steps  were  taken  to  raise 
money  for  these  purposes.  Beginning  at 
the  bottom,  their  thought  was,  first,  to  set 
the  Preparatory  School  in  operation.  For 
this  purpose  twenty-five  thousand  dollars 
was  needed.  It  was  firmly  resolved,  "that 
no  debts  should  be  contracted  or  money  ex- 
pended, without  the  means  be  first  pro- 
vided," and  Congress  was  to  be  memorial- 
ized for  a  grant  of  lands  to  the  Northwest- 


ern LTniversity.  Nothing  ever  resulted  from 
this  memorial,  but  the  Trustees  were  not 
idle  in  other  directions.  They  organized 
by  the  election  of  Dr.  John  Evans,  the 
master  spirit  among  them,  as  President; 
A.  S.  Sherman  as  Vice-President;  Andrew 
J.  Brown  as  Secretary ;  and  Jabez  K. 
Botsford  as  Treasurer.  These,  with  Grant 
Goodrich,  George  F.  Foster  and  Dr.  N.  S. 
Davis,  constituted  the  Executive  Commit- 
tee of  the  Board. 

Seeking  a  Site. — The  Committee  on  Site 
for  the  Preparatory  School  reported 
August  4,  1852,  recommending  the  purchase 
of  the  property  of  the  First  Universalist 
Society  in  Chicago,  which  had  a  frontage 
of  eighty  feet  on  Washington  Street,  about 
the  middle  of  the  block  east  of  the  Clark 
Street  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  at  a 
cost  of  four  thousand  dollars,  one-half  cash 
and  the  balance  in  three  years,  at  six  per 
cent  interest.  On  August  28th  they  raised 
their  bid  on  this  property  to  forty-eight 
hundred  dollars,  and  started  a  subscription 
for  the  purpose  of  securing  funds.  Evi- 
dently there  was  a  hitch  in  the  negotiations, 
for  the  Board  appointed  Dr.  Evans  and 
Orrington  Lunt  to  view  other  lots  for  the 
same  purpose.  That  committee  turned  aside 
from  the  Universalist  Church  property,  and 
recommended  the  purchase  of  a  lot  about 
two  hundred  feet  square  at  the  corner  of 
LaSalle  and  Jackson  Streets,  from  P.  F.  W. 
Peck.  This  situation  was  thought  to  be 
a  little  remote,  but,  the  lot  being  larger,  it 
was  deemed  more  desirable  for  the  pro- 
posed Preparatory  School,  and  the  purchase 
was  consummated — a  thousand  dollars  be- 
ing paid  down,  contributed  by  a  few  of  the 
brethren.  The  title  was  taken  in  the  name 
of  John  Evans,  to  be  later  transferred  to 
the  Trustees  of  Northwestern  University. 
The  consideration  was  eight  thousand  dol- 
lars. 


58 


NORTHWESTERN  UNIVERSITY 


Erection  of  Building  Authorized. — On 

September  22,  1852,  the  erection  of  a  build- 
ing upon  this  property  was  authorized,  to 
accommodate  three  hundred  students,  and, 
on  the  same  date  a  committee  was  ap- 
pointed, consisting  of  S.  P.  Keyes,  N.  S. 
Davis  and  Orrington  Lunt,  to  recommend 
a  site  for  the  Collegiate  Department.  The 
ambition  and  scope  of  these  early  founders 
is  seen  in  a  series  of  resolutions  adopted 
at  this  meeting,  appealing  to  the  Methodist 
people  of  the  Northwest  not  to  multiply 
higher  institutions  of  learning,  but  to  con- 
centrate their  effort  upon  a  single  institu- 
tion, viz.,  the  Northwestern  University, 
and  to  make  it  an  institution  of  the  highest 
order  of  excellence,  complete  in  all  its 
parts;  and,  further,  they  resolved  to  ask 
from  the  Legislature  power  to  establish  pre- 
paratory schools  in  different  sections  of  the 
Northwest,  and  to  affiliate  preparatory  in- 
stitutions already  in  existence. 

In  the  following  October  Rev.  Philo  Jud- 
son  was  appointed  to  solicit  subscriptions 
for  the  new  enterprise.  He  had  been  pastor 
of  the  Clark  Street  Church,  was  an  accom- 
plished and  influential  preacher  and  a  man 
of  affairs,  with  just  the  make-up  to 
appeal  to  the  constituency  of  the  new 
institution.  His  first  duty  was  to  obtain 
funds  for  the  Preparatory  School  on  La- 
Salle  Street. 

Site  for  Collegiate  Department  Sought. 
— But  the  developments  with  reference  to 
the  site  of  the  Collegiate  Department  were 
destined  to  turn  the  Trustees  away  from 
Chicago.  The  Committee  on  Site  con- 
sidered a  location  at  Rose  Hill,  strongly 
commended  by  William  B.  Ogden ;  a  farm 
near  Jefferson  was  looked  upon  with  favor ; 
then  the  Lake  Shore  in  the  region  of  Win- 
netka  and  Lake  Forest.  The  region  contig- 
uous to  Chicago  on  the  north,  because  it 
was  swampy,  was  usually  avoided   in  going 


north    by  taking  what  was  known  as  the 
"Old   Sand   Road."     This   road   veered   to 
the  northwest  at  a  point  half  a  mile  west 
of  the  northern  limit  of  Lincoln  Park — at 
that   time   an   old   Chicago   Cemetery — and 
struck  the  Ridge  Road  just  north  of  what 
is  now  Rose  Hill  Cemetery,  then  known  as 
Rose's     Ridge.       Thus,    to    the     ordinary 
traveler,  the  region  north  of  Lincoln  Park, 
adjoining  the  lake,  was  a  terra  incognita. 
Orrington   Lunt   had   casually   visited   that 
region  and  demanded,  before  a  location  was 
settled  upon,  that  the  Lake   Shore  be  ex- 
plored.    He  delayed   a   decision   upon   the 
Jefferson  property  and  arranged  a  tour  of 
inspection  of  the  Lake  Shore.     Andrew  J. 
Brown  recalls  it  as  of  the  Fourth  of  July, 
1853.      Disposed    in    various    vehicles,    the 
Trustees  took  the  Sand  Road,  stopped  for 
lunch    at    the    Rose's    Ridge    Tavern,    and 
pursued  their  way  along  the  Ridge   Road 
to  what  is  the  corner  of  Ridge  Avenue  and 
Clark  Street ;  thence  following  an  old  cow 
path  easterly, over  the  slough  in  the  region  of 
Davis    Street   and    Sherman   Avenue,   they 
found  themselves  in  a  splendid  oak  forest 
skirting   the    Lake    Shore,   the    remains   of 
which  will  help  us  to  recall  that  scene  of  ex- 
ploration  for  a   university   site   fifty   years 
ago.       To     see     it     was     to     desire     it. 
Three     hundred     and     eighty     acres     lay 
in     a     single     tract,     owned     by     Dr.    J. 
H.   Foster.     The  price  asked  was  twenty- 
five  thousand  dollars — far  in  excess  of  its 
value,  as  values  were  then  estimated.     The 
terms    were    easy ;     one    thousand    dollars 
down,  the  balance  in  ten  years  at  si.x  per 
cent  interest.   Releases  might  be  given  from 
time  to  time  on  payment  of  one  hundred 
dollars  per  acre.     The  purchase  was  con- 
summated, and  the  college  site  and  college 
town,  made  up  of  forest  and  swamp,  was 
permanently  located. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON                                            59 

It  was  decided  that  it  was  "inexpedient  Bank,   would   furnish  valuable  endowment 

to  erect  a  Preparatory  School  in  the  City  for  the  fledgling  college, 

of  Chicago  at  the  present  time" ;  the  chosen  The  Trustees  decided  likewise  to  elect  a 

site  for  that  building,  however,  was  good  President  of  the  institution,  whose  first  duty 

enough  to  keep,  and,  in  the  years  to  come,  should  be  to  procure  subscriptions  and  plan 

as  the  site  of  the  Grand  Pacific  Hotel,  and  for  the  establishment  of  an  endowment  for 

later,    of   the    Illinois    Trust    and    Savings  the  University. 


CHAPTER   IV. 


INSTITUTION    IN    DEVELOPMENT 


Dr.  Hinman  Chosen  First  President — Sale 
of  Scholarships  Begins — Career  of  the 
New  President  Cut  Short  by  His  Early 
Death — Tozvn  Platted  and  Named  in 
Honor  of  Dr.  John  Evans — Garrett  Bib- 
lical Institute  Established — First  Corps 
of  College  Professors  Elected — Universi- 
ty Assets  in  1854 — Four-Mile  Anti- 
Liquor  District  Established  by  Act  of  the 
Legislature — The  Teaching  Force  In- 
creased-—Dr.  Evans'  Land  Policy — The 
Institution  is  Opened  for  Pupils — Some 
of  the  First  Students. 

At  the  meeting  of  June  23,  1853,  Dr. 
Clark  T.  Hinman  was  unanimously  elected 
the  first  President  of  the  University-  He 
was  thirty-six  years  of  age,  a  Trustee  from 
Michigan  Conference  and  principal  of  Al- 
bion Seminary.  He  was  a  graduate  of 
Wesleyan  University,  Connecticut,  and  had 
been  principal  of  Newbury  Seminary,  in 
Vermont.  He  was  a  man  of  zeal  and 
method.  He  laid  hands  upon  one  and  an- 
other of  the  Trustees,  and  took  them  out 
among  their  business  acquaintances  to  give 
him  an  opportunity  to  present  his  cause. 
The  scheme  of  raising  money,  which  was 
adopted,  and  which  Dr.  Hinman  was 
especially  to  present,  was  by  the  sale  of 
scholarships.  Perpetual  scholarships  were 
issued,  which  were  to  entitle  to  tuition  the 
purchaser,  his  son  or  grandson  and  other 


descendants  by  will,  and  were  sold  for  one 
hundred  dollars;  transferable  scholarships 
were  sold  for  one  hundred  dollars,  entitling 
the  holder  to  five  hundred  dollars  in  tuition ; 
and  scholarships  were  sold  for  fifty  dollars, 
entitling  the  holder  to  two  hundred  dollars 
in  tuition.  A  bond  was  issued  on  the  first 
payment,  and  the  scholarship  was  to  be 
issued  on  the  completion  of  payments  with- 
in an  allotted  time.  One-half  of  the  funds 
from  these  sales  was  to  be  used  for  pur- 
poses of  instruction,  and  the  other  half  for 
the  purchase  of  lands,  not  to  exceed  twelve 
hundred  acres,  as  a  site  for  the  University 
and  for  the  erection  of  buildings.  The 
Trustees  evidently  thought  that  some  tan- 
gible equivalent  must  be  tendered  for 
money  spent  for  education  in  that  early 
day.  Scholarships  certainly  proved  market- 
able ;  and,  if  the  same  zeal  had  been  exer- 
cised in  the  careful  collection  of  the 
amounts  pledged  for  them  as  was  shown  in 
their  sale,  the  growth  of  the  institution 
would  have  been  more  rapid ;  for  Dr.  Hin- 
man disposed  of  them  with  great  success 
among  all  sorts  and  conditions  of  men — on 
W'ater  Street,  among  commission  men  and 
grain  dealers ;  on  Canal  Street,  to  the  lum- 
ber men ;  in  town,  to  the  merchants ;  and 
in  the  country,  to  the  farmers.  In  the  short 
period  of  his  service  he  sold  scholarships 
to  the  amount  of  $64,600,  while  others,  under 
the   stimulus   of   his   activity,   sold   $37,000 


61 


62 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


worth.  He  was  dreaming,  meanwhile,  of 
the  institution  whose  financial  foundations 
he  sought  to  lay,  but  death  overtook  him 
ere  his  dream  had  been  realized.  He  died 
in  1854,  one  year  before  the  formal  open- 
ing of  the  institution  in  which  he  hoped  to 
teach  as  Professor  of  Moral  and  Intellectual 
Philosophy. 

Town  Platted  and  Named — Public  Parks. 
— In  the  meantime,  the  land  purchased  by 
the  Trustees  from  Dr.  Foster,  and  some 
two  hundred  and  forty-eight  acres  adjoining 
it  on  the  west,  which  had  been  purchased 
by  Andrew  J.  Brown  and  Harvey  B.  Hurd, 
was  laid  out  into  lots  and  blocks,  and  platted 
and  named  Evanston,  in  honor  of  Dr.  John 
Evans.  The  University's  part  was  bounded 
on  the  west  by  Sherman  Avenue.  What  lay 
west  of  Sherman  Avenue  was  in  the  Brown 
and  Hurd  tract.  Many  of  the  avenues  and 
streets  bear  the  names  of  the  favorite 
friends  of  the  University — as  Orrington 
Avenue,  named  for  Orrington  Lunt ;  Sher- 
man Avenue,  for  A.  S.  Sherman ;  Hinman 
Avenue,  for  Dr.  Hinman,  the  first  President ; 
Judson  Avenue,  for  Rev.  Philo  Judson; 
Davis  Street,  in  honor  of  Dr.  N.  S.  Davis. 
Six  public  parks  were  included  in  the 
plan  to  beautify  the  future  Evanston,  and 
the  Lake  Shore,  from  Davis  Street  to  Uni- 
versity Place,  east  of  Michigan  Avenue, 
was  dedicated  to  the  same  purpose.  The 
contemplated  campus  extended  from  the 
projection  eastward  of  the  south  line  of 
Foster  Street  to  the  north  line  of  University 
Place — a  beautiful  and  spacious  campus, 
respected  Founders,  but  hardly  enough  for 
a  university  of  so  ambitious  a  title  as  yours. 
But  Block  I,  to  Simpson  Street — so  they 
thought — might  be  used  as  a  campus  in  an 
emergency,  and  they  still  held  lands  to 
the  north,  unplatted,  which  might  be  used 
for  the  same  purpose,  but  which,  in  their 
wildest  dreams,  they  did  not  fancy  would  be 
needed  for  the  campus  of  the  institution 
they  were  founding. 


Garrett     Biblical     Institute     Founded. 

— The  scheme  of  a  Biblical  Institute  had 
been  started  in  Chicago  by  the  same  found- 
ers, and  Eliza  Garrett,  by  her  will,  had  ar- 
ranged for  the  endowment  of  such  an  insti- 
tution ;  but  the  beginnings  of  the  institution 
were  had  in  February,  1854.  To  them  the 
Trustees  of  the  University  offered  a  site  at 
a  nominal  rent.  The  oiTer  was  accepted 
and  an  institution  established  on  the  campus 
that  was  destined  to  make  splendid  history 
in  theological  education.  Streets  were 
graded  in  the  growing  town ;  transporta- 
tion was  furnished  by  the  Chicago  &  Mil- 
waukee Railroad — now  the  ^Milwaukee  di- 
vision of  the  Chicago  Northwestern — the 
right  of  way  for  which  was  given  by  Brown 
&  Hurd.  It  is  notable  that  this  gift  was 
coupled  with  the  agreement  that  all  pas- 
senger trains  should  stop  at  Evanston — an 
agreement  that  it  would  be  difficult  for  the 
road  to   fulfill. 

Not  content  with  their  three  hundred 
acres  of  ground,  the  Billings  farm  (con- 
tiguous to  their  first  purchase)  was  bought, 
consisting  of  twenty-eight  acres,  for  three 
thousand  dollars.  They  chose  to  forget,  for 
the  time  being,  one  of  their  earlier  resolu- 
tions, viz. :  "Resolved,  That  no  debts  shall 
be  contracted  or  money  expended  without 
the  means  be  first  provided."  It  was  a 
purchase  on  time,  and  time,  they  believed, 
was  on  their  side.  Values  of  their  sub- 
divided property  were  advancing.  They 
could  soon  open  their  school,  possibly  in 
1855.  To  this  end  they  elected  a  small 
corps  of  professors  in  June,  1854:  Henry 
S.  Noyes,  Professor  of  Mathematics ;  W. 
D.  Godman,  Professor  of  Greek ;  and  Abel 
Stevens,  Professor  of  Literature. 

When  the  Treasurer  made  his  report  in 
1854,  the  assets  of  the  University,  in  land, 
notes  and  subscriptions,  were  estimated  at 
$281,915,  with  liabilities  of  $32,255.04.  The 
Foster  purchase  had  increased  in  value  from 
$25,000  to  $102,000;  the  Billings  farm  from 


c 

H 

o 
c 

H 

w 

w 

r. 

> 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


63 


$3,000  to  $4,200 ;  and  the  Peck  purchase, 
from  $8,000  to  $43,400.  Subscriptions  to 
scholarships  made  up  the  remainder  of  the 
estimated  weaUh. 

Site    of    the    University    Described. — 
It  was  probably  at  the  annual  meeting  in 
June,    1854,   that   the   hopeful   feeling   and 
aggressive    spirit    of   the    Trustees    of    the 
institution   were   voiced  in  a  report   which 
was  of  the  nature  of  a  proclamation  and 
formulation  of  their  plans,  as  thus  far  de- 
veloped.     They    offered    devout    praise    to 
God  and  their  sincere  thanks  to  the  found- 
ers for  the  present  success  and  the  future 
prospects  of  the  University.  They  described 
the  location  at  Evanston  in  glowing  terms, 
stating  that,  "On  the  shore  of  Lake  IMichi- 
gan,  eleven  miles  north  of  the  City  of  Chi- 
cago  and   on   the   line    of  the    Chicago   & 
Milwaukee  Railroad — the  site  being  large, 
beautiful  and  healthful,  including  some  four 
hundred  and  forty  acres  of  land,  sufficiently 
elevated  above  the  lake  and  the  surrounding 
country  to  afford  an  extensive  view  of  each, 
extending  nearly  two  miles  along  the  shore 
and   about   one-half   of   it   covered   with   a 
young  and  thrifty  forest  in  its  natural  state, 
affording   the   lovers   of  good   taste    everv 
facility  desirable  for  the  most  lovely  resi- 
dence in  the  country — a  town  has  been  laid 
out  and  named  Evanston.     The  University 
buildings  will  occupy  the  latitudinal  center 
of  the  town  and  the  highest  point  of  land, 
covered  with  a  beautiful  grove,  and  inclin- 
ing  at    an    angle    of    some   thirty    degrees 
toward   the   lake   shore."     They   add   that, 
"In  respect  of  the  motive  in  selecting  the 
site  of  the  University  and  establishing  the 
institution,    neither    local    prejudice    nor    a 
spirit  of  opposition  to  kindred  institutions 
has    had    any    place    in    the    hearts    of    its 
friends,   but   rather   a   desire   to   meet    ad- 
equately the  growing  need  in  the  Northwest 
of  a  university  of  the  highest  grade,  adapted 
to  the  country,  to  its  increasing  prosperity 


and  the  advanced  state  of  learning  in  the 
present  age.  Its  location  makes  it  central 
for  the  entire  Northwest;  and  the  magni- 
tude of  the  enterprise,  by  developing  the 
educational  resources  of  the  country  on  a 
large  scale,  and  by  stimulating  a  spirit  of 
noble,  generous  rivalry,  will  benefit  institu- 
tions of  every  grade.  We  very  frankly,  and 
we  hope  not  ostentatiously,  aver  our  design 
of  making  it  an  institution  second  to  none, 
and  worthy  of  the  country  in  which  it  is 
located  and  its  name,  'The  Northwestern 
University.'  " 

Teaching  Features  of  the  University. — 
The\-   then   proceed   to   state   its   distinctive 
features :     Undergraduate    courses    of    in- 
struction ;   Post-Graduate  courses ;  a   Med- 
ical Department  in  the  near  future;   a  Law 
School.    But  immediate  attention  was  to  be 
given  to  the  College  of  Literature,  Science 
and  the  Arts,  with  a  classical  course  of  four 
years,   a   scientific    course   and   an   elective 
course  of  the  same  duration.     The  condi- 
tions of  admission  were  to  be  the  same  as 
those  of  other  colleges  of  the  country,  not 
excepting  Yale  or  Harvard.     The  scheme 
of    contemplated    professorships    numbered 
fourteen,  among  which  were  some  not  vet 
realized;    as  a   Professorship   of  the   Fine 
Arts  and  Arts  of  Design,  a  Professorship 
of    Didactics,    of    Physical    Education    and 
Hygiene.   Young  men  were  had  in  mind  for 
these  various  chairs,  some  of  whom  were  to 
increase  their  efficiency  by  devoting  a  year 
or  more  to  travel  in  Europe  and  to  study  in 
the   best    Eastern    Universities,    comparing 
their  own  modes  of  instruction  and  proliting 
by  the  society  of  the  ripest  scholars  of  the 
age.     Abel    Stevens,   William   D.    Godman 
and  Henry  S.  Noyes  had  been  selected  for 
Literature,   Greek  and   Mathematics.     The 
merits   of  these  men   were   set   forth   in   a 
manner  that  showed  their  confidence,  as,  for 
instance:    "To  speak  of  their  qualifications 
is    superfluous" ;     and    then,    speaking    of 


64 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


Abel  Stevens,  they  say:  "As  a  rhetorician 
and  finished  scholar  in  English  Literature, 
Abel  Stevens  stands  beside  the  finest  writ- 
ers of  the  nation,  and  as  a  preacher,  and 
particularly  a  platform  speaker,  is  unsur- 
passed in  America."  The  commendation 
was  doubtless  merited ;  but  their  expres- 
sions lead  us  to  say,  verily  those  founders 
knew  how  to  blow  the  Northwestern  trum- 
pet. 

They  hoped  to  fill  the  remaining  chairs, 
or  such  as  were  needed,  at  the  subsequent 
session.  They  presented  a  tabulation  of 
their  net  assets,  showing  the  estimate  of  their 
resources  in  land  and  promises  at  $250,000, 
to  which  they  proposed  to  add  $150,000  by 
the  sale  of  scholarships,  and  $100,000  by 
donations — the  last  for  the  purpose  of  erect- 
ing suitable  buildings,  including  an  observa- 
tory, and  purchasing  a  library,  cabinet,  ap- 
paratus and  other  university  fixtures.  This 
report,  or  proclamation,  was  signed  by 
Grant  Goodrich,  Chairman  of  the  Commit- 
tee, attorney  and  special  pleader  for  the  in- 
fant University,  and  bears  date  July  4,  1854 
— the  spirit  of  the -day,  no  doubt,  giving 
color  to  his  rhetoric  and  a  touch  of  ex- 
travagance to  the  document.  But  he  was  in 
earnest,  and  so  were  they  all. 

When  the  Board  met  in  June,  1855,  Dr. 
Hinman,  was  no  longer  with  them.  That 
eager  spirit  had  succumbed  to  the  burden  of 
his  labors.  He  had  undertaken  to  increase 
the  endowment  from  the  sale  of  scholar- 
ships to  $250,000,  and  to  secure  the  needed 
$100,000  for  the  erection  of  buildings. 
There  is  every  probability  that,  with  his 
rare  faculty  for  influencing  men,  he  would 
have  accomplished  even  more  than  he  had 
undertaken  had  time  permitted.  Fitting 
resolutions  were  passed,  recounting  the  ser- 
vice which  this  gifted  young  man  had 
rendered  and  the  hopes  that  were  enter- 
tained of  him.  Those  inadequate  resolu- 
tions have  perished ;    at  least,  they  are  not 


of  record.  His  monument  is  in  the  insti- 
tution he  helped  to  found;  and,  while  it 
lives,  his  name  and  his  service  will  not  be 
forgotten.  They  sought  two  years  later  to 
perpetuate  his  memory  by  some  monument 
on  the  college  grounds.  It  is,  perhaps,  well 
that  they  failed  in  this,  for  he  partakes,  with 
others,  in  the  monumental  character  of  the 
entire  University  enterprise  to  the  devotion 
and  sacrifice  of  its  founders. 

At  this  session  of  the  Board  the  liberal 
policy  of  the  institution  was  signalized  by 
the  grant  of  a  large  lot  for  the  Evanston 
public  schools,  and  it  was  decided  that  the 
formal  opening  of  the  University  should 
take  place  on  November  1st  of  the  same 
year.  A  building  was  in  course  of  erection, 
at  the  southeast  corner  of  Block  20,  on 
Davis  Street,  near  Hinman  Avenue,  in 
which  to  house  the  infant  college.  Sub- 
scriptions, running  through  three  years  had 
been  taken  for  this  purpose.  That  building 
is  with  us  still :  the  "Old  College"  on  the 
campus,  a  building  about  fifty  feet  in  width 
and  forty  feet  in  depth,  of  three  stories  in 
height  with  an  attic  and  a  belfry.  It  con- 
tained six  class-rooms,  a  chapel,  a  small 
museum  and  halls  for  two  literary  societies, 
with  three  rooms  in  the  attic,  where,  with 
a  little  oat-meal  for  food,  a  few  aspiring 
students  might  board  themselves  and  com- 
pensate the  University  for  their  rent  by 
ringing  the  college  bell.  The  chapel  fur- 
nished the  meeting  place  of  the  Society  of 
the  First  Methodist  Church  until  they 
erected  a  church  edifice  of  their  own. 
Other  meetings,  political  and  social,  were 
also  held  there. 

The  liberal  spirit  of  the  founders  was 
further  evidenced  at  this  meeting  by  the 
adoption  of  the  report  of  the  Committee  on 
Professorships,  which  declared  that,  "In 
the  election  of  Professors  of  Northwestern 
University,  the  Board  of  Trustees  will  have 
reference    to    character    and    qualifications 


II 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


alone:    that  is  to  say,  that  a  professor  need 
not  necessarily  be  a  Methodist." 

The  Anti-Liquor  Limit  Established. — 
It  was  at  this  meeting  that  an  amend- 
ment to  their  charter,  enacted  at  the  last 
session  of  the  Legislature,  was  accepted, 
two  sections  of  which  were  fraught  with 
tremendous  issues  for  the  future  institution. 
Section  ii  provided  that,  "No  spirituous, 
vinous  or  fermented  liquors  shall  be  sold, 
under  license  or  otherwise,  within  four 
miles  of  the  location  of  said  University,  ex- 
cept for  medicinal,  mechanical  or  sacra- 
mental purposes,  under  a  penalty  of  twenty- 
five  dollars  for  each  ofifense,  to  be  re- 
covered before  any  Justice  of  the  Peace  in 
said  County  of  Cook;  provided,  that  so 
much  of  this  act  as  relates  to  the  sale  of 
intoxicating  drinks  within  four  miles  may 
be  repealed  by  the  General  Assembly  when- 
ever they  think  proper."  This  created  a 
prohibition  district,  ostensibly  for  the  pro- 
tection of  the  students  against  the  tempta- 
tions of  the  saloon,  and  incidentally  protect- 
ing the  city  that  should  grow  up  about  the 
University  from  the  evils  of  the  liquor  traf- 
fic ;  and  against  this  prohibition,  the  arts 
and  persistence  of  the  traffic  in  ardent 
spirits  were  to  be  continuously  exerted. 
The  third  section  of  the  amendment  or- 
ganized the  University  into  a  Trust  Com- 
pany, presumably  for  its  own  benefit,  but 
its  language  was  broader  than  that.  It 
said,  "The  said  corporation  shall  have 
power  to  take,  hold,  use  and  manage,  lease 
and  dispose  of  all  such  property,  as  may  in 
any  manner  come  to  said  corporation, 
charged  with  any  trust  or  trusts,  in  con- 
formity with  such  trusts  and  direction,  and 
to  execute  all  such  trusts  as  may  be  confided 
to  it."  Section  4  conceded  the  public  value 
of  such  an  institution  as  the  Northwestern 
University,  and  ordained.  "That  all  prop- 
erty, of  whatever  kind  or  description,  be- 
longing to  or  owned  by   said  corporation, 


shall  be  forever  free  from  ta.xation  for 
any  and  all  purposes.  This  act  shall  be 
public  and  take  effect  from  and  after  its 
passage."  It  was  signed  by  the  Speaker 
of  the  House  and  President  of  the  Senate, 
and  approved  by  Joel  A.  Matteson,  Gover- 
nor, February  14,  1855. 

On  June  15th  the  chosen  corps  of  teach- 
ers was  sought  to  be  increased  by  the  ad- 
dition of  Dr.  J.  V.  Z.  Blaney,  to  the  pros- 
pective faculty,  as  Professor  of  Chemistry, 
of  whom  similar  high  praise  could  be  given, 
as  to  fitness  for  the  work  upon  which 
he  was  expected  to  enter,  as  to  his  colleagues 
in  the  notable  pronunciamento  of  July  4, 
1854;  but  it  was  discovered  that  there  was 
not  a  sufficient  number  of  Trustees  present 
to  constitute  a  quorum  for  the  election  of 
professors,  so  the  election  was  declared 
void,  but,  in  1857,  he  was  duly  elected  to 
the  chair  of  Natural   Science. 

It  was  now  apparent  that  it  would  be 
difficult  to  hold  the  entire  territory  of  the 
Northwest  to  the  policy  of  a  single  institu- 
tion, for  the  Trustees  were  requested  to 
permit  cancelling  of  notes  taken  in  Iowa  for 
the  sale  of  scholarships,  or  to  allow  the 
notes  and  subscriptions  to  be  transferred 
to  the  Iowa  Wesleyan  University.  The 
request  was  not  granted,  but  it  gave  evi- 
dence of  a  tendency  which  was  sadly  noted 
to  localize  interests  in  the  matter  of  educa- 
tion in  portions  of  the  district,  which  had 
been  chosen  as  the  field  for  the  University. 

In  July,  1855,  a  movement  was  started 
by  Dr.  Evans,  and  strongly  advocated  by 
him,  seeking  to  fasten  upon  the  Trustees 
the  policy  of  withholding  its  property  from 
sale  and  reserving  it  e.xclusively  for  pur- 
poses of  lease.  That  far-sighted  man  saw 
clearly  the  value  of  the  property  for  pur- 
pose of  endowment,  but  overlooked  the 
practical  difficulty  of  successfully  maintain- 
ing possession  of  a  large  body  of  land 
within  the  limits  of  a  corporation  such  as 


66 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


Evanston  was  destined  to  be,  on  such  a 
basis.  With  their  usual  sagacity,  the 
Trustees  laid  his  resolution  on  the  table, 
even  though  Dr.  Evans  urged  it  with  his 
usual  vigor  and  persistence. 

University   Opened — First   Students. — 

The  frame  building  on  Davis  Street  was 
completed  for  occupancy  by  November, 
1855,  and  circulars  had  been  sent  out  in- 
viting the  Northwestern  students  to  as- 
semble. Professor  Noyes  was  on  hand  to 
teach  mathematics,  and  Professor  Godman, 
likewise,  to  teach  the  classics.  Professor 
Abel  Stevens  did  not  appear ;  nor  was  he 
greatly  needed,  for  there  were  only  ten 
students  in  all,  and  their  requirements  could 
be  easily  met  by  two  instructors.  Indeed, 
though  Professor  Stevens  was  announced 
for  the  following  year,  he  did  not  even  then 
appear;  and  the  name  of  Abel  Stevens,  the 
gifted  historian  of  Methodism,  is  connected 
with  the  fortunes  of  Northwestern  only 
as  a  "Might  have  Been."  The  roll  of  pupils 
for  that  year  will  always  be  of  interest, 
as  the  advance  guard  of  that  great  com- 
pany that,  in  time,  should  be  permanently 
enrolled  as  students  of  the  University. 
There  were  Thomas  E.  Annis,  Winchester 
E.  Clifford,  Samuel  L.  Eastman,  J.  Marshall 
Godman,  Horace  A.  Goodrich,  C.  F.  Staf- 


ford, Hart  L.  Stewart,  Albert  Lamb  and 
Elhanon  Q.  Searle.  There  is  one  name 
lacking,  but  history  has  often  to  bewail  that 
there  are  blanks  that  cannot  easily  be  filled. 
These  were,  somehow,  grouped  in  a  Fresh- 
man Class — an  awkward  squad,  I  warrant, 
of  unequal  preparation ;  but  the  professors 
had  time  to  spend  on  individual  cases,  so 
that  the  awkward  squad  were  drilled  into 
the  uniformity  of  a  Freshman  Class.  A  lit- 
erary society  was  organized  and  named  in 
honor  of  the  lamented  Dr.  Hinman.  It 
inherited  his  library  as  a  part  of  its  equip- 
ment, and  was  assigned  a  room  for  its 
sessions  in  the  northeast  corner  of  the  third 
story  of  the  college  building.  Greek,  Latin 
and  Mathematics,  with  declamations  on 
Saturday,  formed  the  program  of  instruc- 
tion. Permits  must  be  secured  for  absence 
from  town,  and  church  services  must  be 
religiously  attended  on  Sunday ;  such  was 
the  routine  of  that  first  college  year. 
Tuition,  when  not  covered  by  a  scholarship, 
was  forty-five  dollars  per  annum,  with 
other  fees  amounting  to  nine  dollars.  The 
price  of  board  was  from  two  dollars  and  a 
half  to  three  dollars  and  a  half  per  week,  in 
homes  of  the  early  settlers.  The  college  bell 
tolled  out  the  hours  of  recitation  and  de- 
votion, and  the  beginnings  of  college  life 
in  Evanston  were  laid. 


CHAPTKR  V. 


COXDITIONS    IN    1856-1860 


Trustees  Meet  in  Their  Own  Building — 
Dr.  R.  S.  Foster  Elected  the  Second  Pres- 
ident— The  Faculty  Enlarged — Absorp- 
tion of  Rush  Medical  College  Projected — 
Competitors  Enter  the  Field — Professor 
Jones'  "Fern.  Sent." — President  Foster 
Visits  the  University,  but  Obtains  a 
Year's  Leave  of  Absence — He  Joins  the 
Faculty  in  iS^y — The  Assets  of  the  In- 
stitution Increased  to  Nearly  $^16,000 — 
Reinforcement  of  the  Faculty — First 
Graduated  Class  in  1859 — Dr.  Foster  Re- 
signs the  Presidency  and  Dr.  E.  O.  Haven 
Becomes  His  Successor. 

In  June  of  1856  the  Trustees  met  under 
their  own  roof  in  the  little  chapel  of  the 
University  Building.  They  had  made  a  be- 
ginning. Two  professors  had  been  at  work 
at  salaries  of  fifteen  hundred  dollars  per 
annum.  An  agent  had  been  busy  in  the  sale 
of  lots  and  scholarships.  Their  land  was 
assuming  the  character  of  a  settlement. 
The  frogs  were  still  croaking  in  the  low 
places,  but  drainage  had  been  started  by 
"The  Drainage  Committee,"  and  the  frogs 
were  given  notice  to  quit  or,  at  least,  to  go 
as  far  south  as  Dempster  Street. 

Dr.  Foster  Elected  Second  President. — 
The  Board  of  Trustees  thought  they  re- 
quired a  President  soon,  to  give  direction 
and  leadership  and  help  them  in  acquiring 
the  resources  needful  for  their  work.    Two 


names  were  especially  canvassed :  Those  of 
Randolph  S.  Foster  and  E.  Otis  Haven, 
both  rising  men  of  unusual  talent.  The 
election  resulted  in  fifteen  votes  for  Dr. 
R.  S.  Foster  and  nine  for  Dr.  E.  O.  Haven. 
The  election  of  Dr.  Foster  was  made  unani- 
mous, with  but  one  dissenting  vote.  He  was 
thirty-six  years  of  age  and  had  already 
acquired  a  brilliant  reputation  as  a  pulpit 
orator,  and  was  then  serving  a  prominent 
church  in  New  York.  He  was  to  fill  the 
chair  of  Intellectual  and  Moral  Philosophy 
in  connection  with  the  Presidency.  His 
salary  was  to  be  two  thousand  dollars  a 
year.  A  thousand  dollars  was  appropriated 
for  books.  The  chair  of  Latin  Language 
and  Literature  was  filled  by  the  election  of 
Daniel  Bonbright,  a  young  man  of  great 
promise,  then  a  tutor  in  Yale  College.  His 
service  was  not  to  begin  at  once,  but  he  was 
to  be  allowed  a  year's  absence  in  Europe  be- 
fore taking  up  the  work. 

Tentative  steps  were  taken  at  this  meet- 
ing to  carry  out  the  university  idea,  to 
which  the  Trustees  tenaciously  held,  by 
requesting  Rush  Medical  College,  which 
was  now  in  its  infancy,  and  Garrett  Biblical 
Institute,  to  unite  with  them  in  a  University 
organization  for  the  purpose  of  conferring 
degrees;  but  the  doctors  and  theologians 
preferred  their  single  blessedness,  at  least 
for  the  present.  They  were  willing  to  occupy 
a  sisterly  relation,  but  nothing  more.  There 


67 


f 


68 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


was  little  use  for  a  seal  as  yet  on  diplomas, 
but  one  was  desirable  in  the  execution  of 
scholarships  and  real  estate  instruments  of 
the  corporation.  For  this  purpose  a  design 
was  chosen,  consisting  of  an  open  book  with 
radiating  rays  of  light  encircled  by  the 
words,  "Northwestern  University."  This 
was  to  give  place,  later,  to  a  somewhat 
more  ornate  design ;  but  it  was  destined  to 
do  duty  for  many  years  in  the  authorization 
of  titles  to  land  and  scholarships,  and  upon 
the  parchments  of  the  early  graduates. 

The  minds  of  the  brethren  were  deeply 
stirred  over  an  incident  that  was  brought  to 
their  notice  at  this  time.  They  could  not 
easily  understand  why  Iowa  Wesleyan 
University  should  spring  up  within  their 
territorx-,  but  the  matter  vi'as  brought  very 
close  to  them  when  Rev.  W.  P.  Jones  se- 
cured a  charter  for  the  Northwestern  Fe- 
male College  and  Male  Preparatory  School, 
and  flung  out  his  banners  within  easy  hail 
of  the  building  where  they  were  assembled. 
He  had  appropriated  their  name  and  func- 
tion; he  was  aggressive  and  purposeful. 
They  appointed  a  committee,  on  which  was 
the  shrewd  attorney.  Grant  Goodrich,  and 
the  saintly  Hooper  Crews,  to  dissuade  him. 
But  neither  the  law  nor  the  gospel  were 
effective  to  divert  the  professor  from  his 
chosen  name  or  purpose.  Threats  of  prose- 
cution from  the  lawyer  and  persuasion  from 
the  preacher  were  alike  futile.  He  even  had 
the  temerity  to  appear,  later,  before  the 
Trustees  and  request  the  use  of  their  build- 
ing until  such  time  as  his  quarters  should 
be  ready  for  occupancy.  It  does  not  require 
historical  or  other  imagination  to  picture 
the  promptness  with  which  Professor  Jones 
was  shown  the  door.  However,  the  estab- 
lishment of  what  was  known  as  the  "Fem. 
Sem."  was  not  similarly  hailed  by  the 
students  of  the  college.  It  was  counted  a 
boon,  and  often,  I  doubt  not,  when  the  as- 
siduous attention  of  college  students  by  day 


and  by  night  made  life  a  burden  to  the  said 
professor,  he  was  led  to  wonder  if,  indeed, 
he  had  not  committed  an  error  in  invading 
the  territory  of  Northwestern  University 
with  his  Northwestern  Female  College. 
However,  it  lived  on,  doing  good  work 
until  it  was  merged  in  the  institution  whose 
Trustees  it  at  first  defied. 

In  July,  1856,  the  President-elect  ap- 
peared to  look  over  his  heritage  and  exhort 
the  Trustees  to  larger  undertakings.  New 
and  appropriate  buildings  he  evidently 
thought  necessary,  for  the  Board  immedi- 
ately resolved  to  prepare  plans  for  perma- 
nent structures.  He  asked  them  to  excuse 
him  from  entering  upon  his  office  for  the 
period  of  one  year,  so  that  he  might  con- 
tinue for  that  time  in  the  service  of  Trinity 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  New  York. 
His  request  was  granted  and  the  funds  that 
otherwise  would  have  been  devoted  to  his 
salary  were  appropriated  to  the  enrichment 
of  the  library.  Evidently  Dr.  Foster  came 
again  in  September  to  the  opening  of  the 
college  year,  for  the  first  recorded  minutes 
of  the  faculty  bear  date,  September  16, 
1856.  It  took  place  in  the  study  of  Pro- 
fessor Noyes.  There  were  present:  Ran- 
dolph S.  Foster,  President ;  Henry  S. 
Noyes,  Professor  of  Mathematics;  and 
William  D.  Godman,  Professor  of  Greek. 
It  was  agreed  that,  in  the  absence  of  the 
President  for  the  ensuing  year,  the  duties 
of  the  faculty  should  be  divided  as  follows : 
Professor  Noyes  should  assume  the  admin- 
istration of  discipline  and  act  as  Treasurer ; 
Professor  Godman  should  be  Secretary 
and  Librarian.  One  other  item  of  business 
is  recorded :  "Resolved,  That  a  Bible  class 
be  formed  and  taught  on  the  Sabbath  day. 
Professor  Noyes  to  teach  it."  The  next 
meeting  took  place  October  13,  1856,  and 
its  record  is  as  follows : 

"In  Faculty  assembled.  Resolved,  That 
a  student  whose  credit  in  recitations  falls 


o 
z 


r, 

> 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


69 


below  the  average  for  the  term,  shall  fall 
out  of  his  class  to  the  next  lower ;  if  a 
Freshman,  his  recitations  are  postponed  for 
the  year.  W.  D.  Godman,  Sec'y." 

Thus  these  two,  in  faculty  assembled, 
carried  on  the  interior  legislation  of  the 
infant  University  during  that  year,  col- 
lecting fees,  attending  to  the  library,  doing 
all  but  the  janitor  work,  which  was  dis- 
charged by  some  embryo  statesmen  who 
lived  in  the  attic,  at  the  munificent  compen- 
sation of  two  dollars  a  week. 

Dr.  Foster  appeared  on  the  5th  of  June, 
1857,  and  then  there  were  three.  They  were 
not  so  lonesome.  They  even  held  two 
faculty  meetings  in  a  month,  and  the  records 
lengthen  to  a  page  and  bristle  with  sug- 
gestions to  the  Trustees  as  to  what  should 
be  done  to  push  the  fortunes  of  the  little 
college.  There  had  been  twenty-two 
students  in  attendance  during  the  year — a 
gain  of  over  one  hundred  per  cent.  Among 
them  I  note  the  familiar  names  of  Henry 
M.  Kidder,  W.  A.  Spencer,  A.  C.  Linn, 
Homer  A.  Plympton,  James  W.  Haney  and 
I.  jMcCaskey.  There  were  two  classes  now. 
The  library  had  grown  to  two  thousand 
volumes.  The  museum  had  been  begun 
under  the  enthusiastic  labors  of  Robert  Ken- 
nicott.  They  issued  a  circular  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1857,  promising  three  classes  for 
the  ensuing  year,  and  a  fourth,  if  students 
with  advanced  standing  should  make  appli- 
cation ;  also  an  academic  school,  which 
should  be  a  private  enterprise  where  pre- 
paratory branches  of  study  would  be  taught, 
students,  partially  prepared  for  college,  be- 
ing permitted  to  spend  a  part  of  their  time 
in  college,  the  rest  in  the  academy.  They 
hesitated  about  the  establishment  of  an 
academy  under  university  auspices.  They 
had  not  issued  a  catalogue  as  yet.  Professor 
Bonbright  was  given  permission  to  remain 
abroad  another  year,  and  the  working  force 
of  the  college  was  to  be  reinforced  by  the 


arrival  of  Dr.  J.  V.  Z.  Blaney,  Professor 
of  Natural  Science,  and  the  sum  of  one 
thousand  dollars  was  appropriated  for  the 
purchase  of  philosophical  and  chemical  ap- 
paratus. 

Financial  Conditions  During  1857. — 
The  sessions  of  the  Trustees  for  1857 
give  out  no  sign  of  the  embarrassment  that 
was  prevailing  in  the  business  world.  They 
took  careful  account  of  their  assets  in  va- 
rious schedules,  and  reported  them  as 
$315,845.30  in  excess  of  their  liabilities. 
The  jubilant  Financial  Agent,  in  his  fourth 
annual  report,  says:  "Seldom,  if  ever,  has 
it  been  the  good  fortune  of  an  institution, 
unless  endowed  by  very  liberal  bequests,  to 
present  in  its  infancy  such  a  pecuniary 
basis  as  is  shown  by  the  exhibit  herewith 
submitted.  Four  years  since  this  institution 
was  an  experiment,  and,  by  many,  thought 
to  be  a  visionary  one.  The  entire  capital 
consisted  in  whatever  of  profit  or  advantage 
might  accrue  from  the  ownership  of  six- 
teen lots  in  Chicago,  which  were  held  by 
Dr.  Evans,  and  upon  which  a  few  in- 
dividuals had  made  advances  of  one 
thousand  dollars,  with  the  intention  of  plac- 
ing the  investment  to  the  account  of  the 
University.  During  that  and  the  ensuing 
year,  subscriptions  to  the  amount  of 
$22,440,  payable  in  four  equal  annual  in- 
stallments, were  obtained.  The  site  of  the 
institution  and  that  part  of  the  now  flourish- 
ing city  of  Evanston,  constituting  the 
original  purchase — about  three  hundred  and 
eighty  acres — was  bought  of  Dr.  John  H. 
Foster  for  $25,000,  which  sum,  less  one 
thousand  dollars,  was  to  remain  for  ten 
years  at  six  per  cent  interest.  This  pur- 
chase, and  the  sixteen  lots  in  Chicago 
which  were  subsequently  conveyed  to  the 
Trustees  at  the  original  cost  of  $8,000  and 
expenses,  together  with  two.  parcels  of  land 
since  purchased  and  sold  at  an  advance, 
constitute  the  principal  sources  from  which 


70 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


the  present  capital  of  the  University  has 
been  derived.  To  the  amount  thus  obtained 
add  the  proceeds  of  scholarships  sold,  and 
you  have  the  assets  above  indicated." 

It  is  small  wonder  that  Brother  Judson 
was  jubilant,  and,  with  the  rapid  settlement 
of  Evanston  and  sale  of  lots,  could  meet 
the  hard  times  with  a  smile.  The  schedule 
of  expenses  shows  to  some  extent  the  rough 
work  that  the  University  was  called  upon 
to  do  in  order  to  provide  for  its  educational 
plant.  It  is  largely  made  up  of  items,  such 
as  surveying  and  platting,  grading,  clearing 
streets,  ditching,  chopping,  fencing,  bridg- 
ing, draining,  grubbing,  building  break- 
waters— indeed,  the  whole  vocabulary  of 
the  pioneer  was  taxed  to  describe  their  op- 
erations. Meantime,  while  the  Trustees 
were  grubbing  and  chopping  their  way  to 
the  material  enrichment  of  their  institution, 
students  and  teachers  were  grubbing  and 
chopping  their  way,  under  disadvantages, 
to  the  accomplishment  of  their  ideals.  One 
of  the  reported  schedules  of  this  year  gives 
the  names  of  purchasers  of  homesteads  in 
Evanston — some  eighty-five  in  number,  all 
well  known  Methodist  names — who  were  to 
make  up  the  members  left  of  the  delightful 
company  of  old  settlers,  whose  neighborli- 
ness  and  hospitality,  whose  simple  kindliness 
and  approachability,  made  Evanston  a  good 
place  for  a  homesick  boy  to  happen  into. 
Most  of  these  people  purchased  in  blocks 
contiguous  to  University  Place,  usually  a 
hundred  feet  front,  and  at  prices  ranging 
from  five  to  ten  dollars  a  foot.  The  cat- 
alogue of  1859  announced  that  there  were 
twelve  hundred  inhabitants  in  Evanston. 
The  desert  and  the  solitary  place  were  being 
made  glad  by  habitation.  The  hard  times 
were  somewhat  reflected  in  the  financial  re- 
port of  the  following  year,  when  a  gain  of 
only  about  three  thousand  dollars  was  re- 
ported ;  and,  though  the  purchase  money 
on  Evanston  lands  was  not  due  until  1863, 


they  passed  a  resolution  setting  aside  fifty 
thousand  dollars  in  securities,  for  the  pay- 
ment of  that  debt  and  for  the  erection  of 
buildings,  provided  no  other  resources  were 
received  for  those  purposes. 

Professor  Bonbright  was  notified  to  ap- 
pear in  Evanston  and  take  up  his  work  in 
1858.  More  students  were  expected  that 
year,  and  arrangements  were  made  to  in- 
sure for  them  board  with  G.  W.  Reynolds, 
at  $2.50  per  week,  including  washing,  light, 
fuel  and  room,  and  he  was  loaned  five 
hundred  dollars  to  assist  in  carrying  out 
the  difficult  project.  Surveying  and  leveling 
instruments  were  furnished  Professor 
Noyes  in  connection  with  his  work,  which 
were  to  be  procured  "with  the  least  possible 
outlay  of  funds."'  If  the  Trustees  had 
known  what  good  use  he  would  make  of 
them,  and  how  much  he  would  save  them  as 
a  practical  surveyor,  they  would  not  have 
been  so  niggardly  in  their  grant. 

The  year  1857  passed  uneventfully  in 
the  little  college.  The  faculty  was  reinforced 
by  the  service  of  a  tutor,  S.  L.  Eastman, 
whose  duty  it  was  to  assist  in  preparatory 
classes.  The  library  was  increased  and  the 
foundations  of  the  museum  were  growing, 
in  the  Northwestern  class-room,  under  the 
skillful  hands  of  Robert  Kennicott.  Thus, 
another  year  rolled  round  with  Dr.  Foster 
as  President.  There  were  twenty-nine 
students  in  all,  and  they  were  on  the  eve 
of  sending  out  the  first  graduating  class. 
On  recommendation  of  the  faculty,  the  de- 
gree of  Bachelor  of  Arts  was  conferred 
upon  Thomas  E.  Annis,  Winchester  E. 
Clifford.  Samuel  L.  Eastman  and  Elhanon 
O.  Searles,  and  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of 
Philosophy  upon  Henry  M.  Kidder.  These 
were  to  be  the  advance  guard  of  the  army 
of  Northwestern  graduates.  In  June  of 
1859  the  members  of  this  class  made  their 
graduating  orations  and  departed  from  the 
scenes  of  their  scholastic  training.     These 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


71 


early  graduating  exercises  were  events  in 
Evanston,  when  the  men  who  had  developed 
under  the  eye  of  the  community  took  their 
leave  of  scenes  that  had  become  familiar. 
The  people  were  interested  in  them,  and 
thronged  the  little  church  to  hear  their 
orations.  The  farewell  of  the  President  was 
touching  and  personal,  for  he  knew  these 
men,  had  interested  himself  in  them  person- 
ally, and  regarded  their  going  away  as  a 
father  regards  the  departure  of  his  sons 
from  the  old  home.  The  coming  years 
might  add  the  dignity  of  numbers  to  com- 
mencement occasions,  but  they  would  lack 
the  sweet  flavor  of  personal  acquaintance 
and  the  inspiration  of  departure  amid  the 
regrets  and  tender  farewells  of  a  commu- 
nity who  would  watch  the  careers  of  the 
departing  students  with  solicitude  and  hope. 

The  Financial  Agent,  Rev.  Philo  Judson, 
had  now  resigned  and  Prof.  Henry  S. 
Noyes,  in  addition  to  his  duties  as  professor, 
was  appointed  Agent  of  the  University. 
He  had  previously  looked  after  the  financial 
affairs  incidental  to  college  expenses,  tu- 
ition, etc.,  and  now,  in  the  most  painstaking 
way,  he  was  to  carry,  for  a  time,  the  burden 
of  property  management  and  business  detail 
that  was  so  vital  to  the  institution.  Though 
an  excellent  scholar  and  thorough  mathe- 
matician, he  was  a  man  of  affairs.  He  knew 
men  and  things  as  well  as  books,  and  was 
not  niggardly  of  service  of  any  sort  that 
might  advance  the  work  that  was  dear  to 
him. 

The  Trustees  were  a  little  alarmed  lest 
the  expenses  of  the  growing  college  should 
outstrip  the  receipts,  and  their  alarm  took 
the  form  of  a  resolution  instructing  the 
Executive  Committee  to  bring  the  expenses 
of  the  institution  within  the  available  in- 
come. The  budget  showed  expenses  of 
five  thousand  dollars  a  year  in  excess  of  the 
income.  It  was  truly  alarming.  They 
raised  a  subscription  to  lessen  the  deficit  and 


arranged  to  pay  teachers  in  land  when  other 
resources  failed. 

Dr.  Haven  Succeeds  to  the  Presidency. 
— By  June.  186(1.  Dr.  Foster  had  resigned 
the  presidency ;  his  library  was  added  to 
the  University  library,  and  he  returned  to 
what  was,  to  him,  the  more  attractive  work 
of  the  pastorate  in  New  York  City,  leaving 
behind  him  memories  of  his  genial  and 
helpful  presence  and  his  inspiring  eloquence 
that  graced  any  occasion  when  he  was  the 
orator.  Dr.  E.  O.  Haven  was  elected  in 
his  place.  His  name  had  been  turned  down 
at  the  previous  election ;  this  time  the 
Trustees  were  turned  down,  and  that  all- 
round,  indefatigable,  and  adaptable  pro- 
fessor, Henry  S.  Noyes,  was  made  Vice- 
President.  Dr.  Foster's  departure  was  signal- 
ized by  a  resolution  which  voiced  the  deep 
regret  over  his  going:  "Resolved,  That 
the  intercourse  of  Dr.  Foster  with  the  Board 
has  been  that  of  the  Christian  minister  and 
the  Christian  gentleman,  and  that  his  con- 
nection with  the  University  has  manifested 
his  intelligence  and  earnest  devotion  to  the 
cause  of  education,  and  that  his  influence  of 
the  members  of  the  University  was  such  as 
endears  his  memory  to  all  the  friends  of 
the  institution,  and  that  the  best  wishes  of 
the  Board  attend  him  to  the  avocation  of  the 
Christian  ministry."  They  were  still  under 
the  spell  of  his  charming  presence  and  en- 
gaging speech  when  they  wrote  that.  And 
what  opportunities  those  Trustees  and 
students  had  in  those  days,  to  sit  under  the 
preaching  of  such  men  as  Foster  and 
Simpson  and  Dempster! — giants  whom  the 
moderns  have  hardly  duplicated.  But  there 
were  serviceable  men  to  come.  Professor 
Noyes,  if  not  showy,  was  substantial  and 
useful  beyond  many  more  brilliant  men. 
In  matters  of  discipline  he  was  kind. 
Mischievous  fellows  used  to  hyphenate  his 
name  and  called  him  Professor  No-ves.  But 


72 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


they  found  to  their  sorrow  that,  when  oc- 
casion demanded  it,  in  matters  of  disciphne, 
his  Yes  was  Yea,  and  his  No,  Nay — and 
there  was  no  appeal.  He  met  the  in-coming 
student  with  a  warm  greeting  that  dissi- 
pated his  homesickness,  and  his  lovely  wife 
supplemented  his  labors  with  such  graceful 
kindness  as  made  the  new-comer  feel  that 
Evanston  was  all  right  as  long  as  these 
people  were  in  town. 


There  were  thirty  students  in  1859-60, 
and  the  ranks  of  the  graduates  were  in- 
creased by  the  names  of  A.  C.  Linn,  W.  A. 
Lord,  H.  A.  Plympton,  E.  Q.  Searles,  M. 
C.  Spaulding,  B.  A.  Springer  and  H.  L. 
Stewart,  who  received  the  degree  of  A.  B., 
and  W.  H.  H.  Raleigh  who  received  the  de- 
gree of  Ph.  B.  The  Academy  was  now  duly 
organized,  with  a  principal  of  its  own,  War- 
ren Taplin  being  first  called  to  that  office. 


CHAPTER    VI. 


PERIODS  OF  DEPRESSION  AND  GROWTH 


Changes  of  Faculty — Charter  Amendments 
Adopted — Effect  of  the  Civil  War  on 
N timber  of  Students — Accessions  to  the 
Faculty — Unic'crsity  Land  Debt  is  Liqui- 
dated— Orrington  Lunt  Land  Donation 
for  Benefit  of  Library — University  Hall 
Projected — Accession  of  Students  and 
Teaching  Force  Folloiving  the  War 
Period — New  Prizes  Serve  as  a  Stimulus 
to  the  Students — First  Honorary  Degrees 
Conferred — Corporate  Name  is  Changed 
— Professors'  SaJaries  Increased  and 
Erection  of  University  Hall  Prosecuted 
—A  "Gold  Brick"  Donation — Encourag- 
ing Financial  Development — Death  of 
Acting  President  Noyes. 

In  1860-61  there  had  been  forty-three 
students  in  College  and  forty-nine  in  the 
Academy,  the  library  had  been  increased  to 
over  three  thousand  volumes,  and  the  cur- 
riculum had  remained  the  same,  with  its 
emphasis  on  Latin,  Greek  and  Mathematics. 
Dr.  Godman  resigned  his  chair  in  Greek  in 
i860,  thereby  reducing  the  teaching  force 
of  the  college.  The  presumption  is,  that  the 
burden  of  his  work  fell  on  the  broad 
shoulders  of  Professor  Noyes,  who  was  al- 
ready carrying  Mathematics  and  the  Acting 
Presidency,  besides  acting  as  Secretary  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees  and  Financial  Agent ; 
and,  in  view  of  his  responsibilities,  six 
hundred   dollars   was   added   to   his    salary 


over  that  of  the  other  professors.  It  was 
an  efficient  and  economical  arrangement ; 
but  how  about  the  not  too  strong  Professor  ? 
He  is  weaving  his  life  into  his  work  with- 
out stint. 

A  formal  transfer  of  assets  was  now 
made  to  J.  G.  Hamilton,  as  Trustee,  to  the 
extent  of  $37,949,  to  meet  approaching  in- 
debtedness, and,  as  a  result,  he  was  ready 
to  meet  Dr.  Foster,  the  mortgagee  of  the 
Evanston  lands,  when  he  called  for  pay- 
ment in  1863.  Dr.  Bonbright  now  takes  his 
place  as  Secretary  of  the  faculty,  to  keep 
its  records  almost  continuously  till  1873. 

In  1 86 1  amendments  were  added  to  the 
charter,  regulating  the  number  and  work 
of  Trustees  appointed  by  the  Annual  Con- 
ferences, and  providing  that  any  chartered 
institution  of  learning  may  become  a  de- 
partment of  this  University,  by  agreement 
between  the  Boards  of  Trustees  of  both 
institutions.  They  are  still  coquetting  with 
Rush  Medical  College  and  Garrett  Biblical 
Institute,  and  have  serious  intentions  as  to 
a  Law  School.  They  had  made  some  in- 
vestment in  the  property  of  Rock  River 
Seminary  at  Mt.  Morris,  Illinois,  probably 
in  the  neighborhood  of  five  thousand  dol- 
lars. A  creditor  had  seized  upon  it  and  it 
was  liable  to  be  alienated.  They  were  will- 
ing to  relinquish  their  claim  if  it  could  be 
saved  by  local  friends,  but  it  passed  from 
under   Methodist   control,   and  the  first  of 


73 


74 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


their  ventures  in  affiliated  preparatory 
schools,  as  provided  for  by  their  charter, 
was  a  failure. 

The  Civil  War — Financial  Conditions. 
The  existence  of  the  War  of  the  Rebel- 
lion was  reflected  in  college  life  in  1862, 
in  the  resignation  by  Dr.  J.  V.  Z.  Blaney, 
of  the  Chair  of  Natural  Science.  He  was 
parted  with  sadly,  and  the  best  wishes  of 
the  little  college  followed  him  in  the  patriotic 
service  in  which  he  engaged.  Many  of  the 
students  followed  him  in  the  service,  among 
them  being  Plympton,  McCaskey,  Spencer 
and  Haney,  H.  A.  Pearsons,  O.  C.  Foster, 
Charles  F.  Smith  and  M.  C.  Springer,  and 
many  others  whose  names  are  lost  to  us; 
and,  from  time  to  time,  the  Recruiting  Ser- 
geant, with  his  fife  and  drum,  found  Evan- 
ston  and  its  students  a  fruitful  field  for  re- 
cruiting operations,  seriously  thinning  the 
ranks  and  causing  the  faculty  to  invoke  the 
authority  of  the  distant  parents  as  to 
whether  or  not  their  boys  should  be  per- 
mitted to  enlist. 

In  consequence  of  the  depletion  of  the 
faculty,  Drs.  Dempster  and  Bannister  were 
called  to  assist  in  the  work  of  instruction. 
Clark  Street  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
offered  in  1862  to  open  its  church  doors  in 
Chicago  for  the  commencement  exercises — 
a  proposition  which  was  declined  on  the 
ground  of  the  smallness  of  the  class;  so 
that,  on  that  occasion,  the  rafters  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  at  Evanston 
resounded  with  the  eloquence  of  Robert 
Bentlev,  Isaac  McCaskey,  William  T.  Rose, 
David  Sterrit  and  Bennett  B.  Botsford 
The  number  of  students,  all  told,  that  year, 
had  dwindled  to  eighty-nine.  The  Senior 
class  of  1862-63  was  reduced  by  enlistments 
to  two  persons,  and  one  of  these  had  no 
sooner  doffed  his  scholastic  gown  than  he 
put  on  the  soldier's  uniform  and  marched 
away  to  his  country's  service.  Still,  there 
was   a    gain    of   preparatory   students    that 


year,  and  the  aggregate  number  on  the  col- 
lege roll  was  slightly  increased. 

June  18,  1862,  Oliver  Marcy  was  elected 
to  the  Chair  of  Natural  Science  and 
Physics,  to  succeed  Dr.  Blaney,  who  was 
made  Professor  Emeritus.  Professor 
Marc}-  had  been  teaching  at  Wilbraham, 
Mass.  He  was  an  enthusiast  in  his  work 
and  a  most  genial  and  painstaking  teacher, 
who  was  destined  to  a  long  and  honorable 
service  in  his  new  relations.  Rev.  N.  H. 
Axtell,  later  an  honored  member  of  Rock 
River  Conference,  was  likewise  added  to 
the  teaching  force  during  the  year  as  Prin- 
cipal of  the  Academy,  assisted  by  A.  C. 
Linn,  a  graduate  of  the  class  of  t86o,  as 
Tutor  in  Mathematics  and  Latin — a  sturdy, 
thorough-going  teacher  who  was  soon  to 
enter  the  service  of  his  country  and  lay 
down  his  life  in  her  cause. 

The  income  of  the  University  was  now 
estimated  by  a  judicious  committee,  con- 
sisting of  Bishop  Simpson,  J.  G.  Hamilton 
and  Prof.  H.  S.  Noyes,  at  $5,594,  and  its 
whole  property  was  valued  at  $225,000. 
Evidently  there  had  been  a  great  shrink- 
age from  former  valuations,  or  a  strong 
desire  to  stimulate  donations  by  putting  an 
exceedingly  conservative  estimate  upon  the 
property.  At  any  rate,  the  pressure  was 
upon  the  Trustees  to  provide  better  build- 
ings and  better  boarding  accommodations, 
in  order  to  appeal  to  new  students  and  to 
hold  those  already  in  attendance.  From  time 
to  time  the  matter  was  earnestly  discussed 
bv  the  Trustees.  A  building  known  as  the 
Club  House,  now  located  on  Orrington 
Avenue,  near  Clark  Street,  capable  of  ac- 
commodating about  twenty  students,  was 
the  result  of  this  agitation — the  first  experi- 
ment of  the  University  in  the  matter  of  dor- 
mitories. Fifteen  thousand  dollars  worth 
of  scholarship  notes  was  likewise  set  apart 
as   a   building    fund,  besides   ten   thousand 


a 

w 

o 
t-' 

o 

o 
> 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


75 


dollars  from  prospective  sales  of  University 
lands.    The  rest  must  wait  upon  donations. 

In  November,  1863,  James  G.  Hamilton, 
the  University  Treasurer,  announced  the 
fulfilment  of  his  trust  in  the  matter  of  the 
payment  of  the  University  debt,  for  which 
$39,000  of  assets  had  been  put  in  his  hands. 
It  was  a  happy  consummation.  It  realized 
the  forethought  of  the  fathers  and  nerved 
them  to  still  larger  undertakings.  A  definite 
plan  for  locating  upon  the  campus  the  build- 
ings that  were  sure  to  come  with  the  prog- 
ress of  time  was  now  devised ;  and  the 
services  of  the  eloquent  Dr.  Tiffany  were 
secured,  as  Financial  Agent,  to  see  if  his 
powers  of  persuasion  could  not  unlock  the 
pursestrings  of  numerous  patrons  to  the 
extent  of  providing  funds  for  the  projected 
buildings.  The  cost  of  the  main  building 
was  to  be  one  hundred  thousand  dollars, 
and  some  were  sanguine  enough  to  believe 
that,  in  the  space  of  a  few  months,  that 
silver-tongued  orator  could  coin  his  speech 
into  the  needed  amount.  But  the  task  was 
too  difficult :  few  contributions  were  secured 
by  the  gifted  agent,  and  Rev.  S.  A.  W. 
Jewett  took  up  the  task  with  little  better 
success. 

Accessions  to  the  Teaching  Force. — 
In  1865  the  name  of  Rev.  Louis  Kistler 
appears  as  a  temporary  appointment  to  the 
Chair  of  Greek  and  Principal  of  the  Pre- 
paratory Department.  This  appointment 
was  made  permanent  the  following  year. 
He  was  an  animated  instructor,  full  of  ac- 
tion, and  knew  his  subject  well.  His  eccen- 
tricities were  such  as  to  interest  his  students 
and  give  rise  to  those  mischievous  pranks 
that  students  are  wont  to  play  where  there  is 
opportunity.  He  had  his  favorite  pupils : 
among  them  a  young  Scot,  fresh  from  the 
farm  in  Lake  County,  appealed  to  his 
partiality  by  his  conscientious  devotion  to 
his  work  and  his  uniform  e.xcellence  in  his 
classes — Robert  Baird,  who  was  destined  to 


write  after  his  name,  "Professor  of  Greek 
Language  and  Literature."  Those  of  us 
who  sat  under  Prof.  Kistler  will  readily  con- 
cede to  him  that,  in  the  class-room,  he  put 
a  spirit  and  fire  into  Homer's  heroic  lines 
that  we  were  unable  to  acquire  in  the  ordi- 
nary use  of  our  lexicons. 

It  was  during  the  year  1865  that  Orring- 
ton  Lunt,  upon  whose  heart  rested  heavily 
the  educational  work  of  the  church,  donated 
a  tract  of  one  hundred  and  fifty-seven  acres 
of  land  in  George  Smith's  Sub-division,  ad- 
joining Wilmette,  which  was  to  be  applied 
to  library  endowment.  The  conditions  of 
this  donation  involved  a  few  financial  obli- 
gations on  the  part  of  the  University,  which 
were  gladly  met  in  view  of  the  prospective 
value  of  this  library  endowment,  and,  stimu- 
lated by  the  gift,  the  Trustees  set  themselves 
afresh  to  the  task  of  college  buildings.  They 
employed  an  architect — G.  P.  Randall,  of 
Chicago — who  designed  the  building  that  is 
now  known  as  University  Hall.  It  was 
a  fascinating  thing,  when  drawn  on  paper 
as  it  yvould  be  when  drawn  in  stone,  dom- 
inating the  campus  and  sounding  out  the 
hours  from  its  watch-tower  to  the  genera- 
tions of  coming  students.  But  how  to 
build  it  was  the  question  which  still  re- 
mained unanswered. 

In  1865  and  1866  we  note  the  name  of 
George  Strobridge  as  Principal  of  the 
Academy.  He  had  returned  from  the  war 
to  the  peaceful  pursuit  of  pedagogy,  and 
John  Poucher  was  his  assistant. 

In  1866  a  new  name  was  added  to  the 
corps  of  instructors — that  of  David  H. 
Wheeler,  Professor  of  History  and  English 
Literature — a  genial  and  accomplished 
scholar  and  elegant  writer,  who  had  seen 
much  of  the  world  and  was  destined  to 
make  a  marked  impression  while  he  re- 
mained in  this  corner  of  it. 

The  items  of  Trustee  business  of  these 
years  are  somewhat  dreary  reading — made 


76 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


up,  as  they  were,  of  transactions  concerning 
the  property  of  the  University,  of  repairs 
and  improvements  of  one  sort  or  another, 
the  discussion  of  the  problem  of  shore  pro- 
tection, and  of  various  ways  and  means  for 
the  enlargement  of  property  interests  and 
the  raising  of  funds.  But  all  this  is  of 
exceeding  importance,  in  order  that  the 
professors  may  be  supported  in  their  work 
and  the  students  kept  at  their  tasks  with 
the  increasing  facilities  that  they  require. 
And  the  work  goes  on.  Evans,  Lunt,  Bots- 
ford,  Hamilton,  Cook,  Noyes  and  Hoag — 
as  the  Executive  Committee — did  the  busi- 
ness that  must  be  done,  held  things  together 
and  hoped  for  improvement  and  growth. 

The  increase  of  college  students  was  not 
rapid,  but  the  academy  numbers  had 
reached  one  hundred  and  five  in  1866,  with  a 
roll  of  seven  teachers,  among  them  being  the 
new  names  of  John  Ellis  and  Edmund  W. 
Burke — the  Judge  Burke,  that  is  to  be, 
though,  to  be  honest,  we  did  not  then 
suspect  it.  The  catalogue  of  that  year  blos- 
soms out  unexpectedly  with  the  announce- 
ment of  the  Lunt  Prize  in  Philology,  the 
Haskin  Prize  in  Mathematics,  the  Hurd 
Prize  in  Physical  Science,  the  Kedzie  Prize 
in  Declamation  and  the  Hamilton  Prize  in 
Composition  and  Reading.  These  prizes 
gave  a  marvelous  stimulus  to  things.  It  all 
came  out  of  the  effort  of  John  A.  Copeland 
to  start  a  prize  declamation  contest,  a  few 
years  before,  when  a  petition  was  presented 
to  the  faculty,  which  was  duly  discussed  and 
about  which  there  was  much  hesitation, 
though  the  petition  was  granted  that  a  prize 
declamation  contest  be  permitted.  Tom 
Strobridge  won  the  first  prize  and  Will 
Comstock  the  second.  The  occasion  aroused 
an  interest  such  as  the  University  had  rarely 
known.  The  contestants  had  raised  the 
funds  for  their  prizes,  but  thereafter,  as  it 
appeared,  kind  friends  would  furnish  them. 

One  incident  of  1866  shows  how  difficult 


it  was  for  the  Trustees  to  anticipate  the 
future  requirements  of  the  University.  A 
deed  was  given  to  the  heirs  of  John  Demp- 
ster for  what  was  known  as  Dempster's 
Sub-division,  which  cut  the  campus  in  twain 
in  the  region  of  the  deep  ditch  which  runs 
from  Sheridan  Road  to  the  Lake,  north  of 
Cook  Street.  This  was  the  result  of  a  pre- 
vious contract,  executed  at  a  time  when  the 
Trustees  might  have  been  forgiven  for 
their  lack  of  foresight.  The  Garrett  Bibli- 
cal Institute  had  been  located  on  the  campus 
just  south  of  the  property  described;  and, 
to  imagine  that  the  remainder  of  the  cam- 
pus would  suffice  for  the  needs  of  the  grow- 
ing institution,  was  a  fallacy  that  it  required 
but  little  time  to  prove.  In  the  same  year 
the  Presbyterians  were  given  a  site  for  a 
church.  The  Baptists  and  Congregational- 
ists  were  similarly  treated,  and  when  they 
had  no  house  of  worship,  they  were  wel- 
come to  the  College  Chapel.  During  the 
same  year  the  corporate  name  of  the  Uni- 
versity was  changed  from  "Trustees  of  the 
Northwestern  University"  to  "Northwestern 
University."  Other  names  were  suggested, 
but  the  Trustees  clung  tenaciously  to  the 
idea  with  which  they  started,  of  a  univer- 
sity for  the  Northwest.  The  Treasurer's 
report  for  that  year  showed  assets  to  the 
amount  of  $419,751.50  and  subscriptions 
to  the  University  Hall  amounting  to 
$48,000. 

The  first  honorary  degrees  given  by  the 
University  were  bestowed  in  1866,  when 
George  W.  Quereau,  George  M.  Steele,  and 
George  S.  Hare  were  given  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity,  and,  upon  Randolph  S. 
Foster  and  Joseph  Cummings  were  con- 
ferred the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws. 

Professor  Bonbright  continued  to  act  as 
Secretary  of  the  Faculty  till  1869,  when 
Professor  Marcy  relieved  him  for  a  number 
of  years.  During  this  period  the  faculty  re- 
mained unchanged. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


n 


Increase  in  Salaries  and  Assets. — 
A  strong  desire  was  manifested  in  1867 
to  see  the  erection  of  University  Hall 
pushed  to  completion.  Matters  were  look- 
ing much  more  hopeful.  The  income  from 
endowment  had  been  found  sufificient  to 
warrant  increasing  the  salaries  of  the  pro- 
fessors from  $1,500  to  $2,000  per  annum, 
and  within  a  year  the  assets  had  increased 
over  $40,000.  The  building  was  now  under- 
taken in  a  very  cautious  manner.  It  was  to 
be  constructed  of  Athens  stone,  and,  with 
the  discreetness  that  always  characterized 
them,  the  Trustees  proposed  to  stop  and 
roof  the  building  over  when  it  reached  a 
point  beyond  which  their  available  funds 
would  not  enable  them  to  proceed.  H.  B. 
Hurd  proposed  in  this  emergency — and  the 
proposition  carried — that  the  building  be 
completed  to  the  roof  and  enclosed  before 
halting  in  the  enterprise.  Their  hearts  were 
gladdened  by  the  announcement  made 
by  Prof.  Louis  Kistler,  that  one  William 
Walker,  of  Kankakee,  proposed  to  give  the 
munificent  sum  of  thirty  thousand  dollars 
for  the  completion  of  the  building.  It  was  a 
cruel  disappointment  when  the  discovery 
was  made  that  Lord  Walker's  specialty  was 
subscribing  to  various  benevolent  enter- 
prises. His  benefactions,  however,  were  of 
the  "gold-brick"  variety.  The  Trustees  of 
Garrett  Biblical  Institute  were  treated  to  a 
similar  experience  at  the  dedication  of  Heck 
Hall.  But  there  were  those  who  promised 
and  performed ;  and  in  an  emergency,  a 
loan  could  be  safely  made,  so  the  University 
Hall  was  assured.  The  building  went  on, 
giving  marvelous  stimulus  to  the  work  of 
the  college,  as  voiced  in  the  last  report  of 
Professor  Noyes  as  Secretary  and  Financial 
Agent,  made  in  June,  1868,  in  which  he 
says :  "The  work  of  the  new  college  build- 
ing is  progressing  with  gratifying  rapidity. 
Its  erection  has  greatly  inspired  public  con- 
fidence in  the  permanent  growth  of  Evan- 


ston,  and  had  a  marked  influence  in  en- 
hancing the  prices  of  University  property. 
It  can  no  longer  be  doubted  that  the  resolu- 
tion adopted  at  the  last  meeting  of  the 
Board,  to  proceed  at  once  with  the  building, 
was  a  wise  and  prudent  measure.  The 
early  completion  of  the  edifice  will  hasten 
the  day  of  its  more  complete  and  generous 
endowment." 

He  reported  the  assets  of  the  institution 
at  $703,706.08,  with  a  net  income  of  nearly 
seventeen  thousand  dollars  during  1866. 
The  Snyder  farm  had  been  purchased, 
south  of  Dempster  Street,  running  from 
Chicago  Avenue  to  the  lake,  at  a  cost  of 
$26,623.12,  and,  by  June  loth,  sales  and 
leases  of  that  property,  were  made  by  Pro- 
fessor Noyes,  amounting  to  $42,445,  leav- 
ing a  profit  above  the  original  investment 
of  $15,821.88,  to  which  should  be  added,  as 
a  conservative  estimate,  lots  unsold  to  the 
value  of  $74,470,  and  all  within  the  space 
of  two  years.  Verily,  if  subscriptions  to 
the  new  building  were  not  forthcoming, 
they  could  turn  aside  to  their  old  procedure 
of  building  up  the  University  on  the  in- 
crease of  land  values.  This  transaction 
Professor  Noyes  carried  through ;  sur- 
veyed and  sub-divided  the  grounds,  mar- 
keted the  property  up  to  1868,  and  it  has 
since  proved  one  of  the  choicest  of  the 
University's  holdings.  His  work  was  nearly 
done.  His  strength,  never  great,  was  break- 
ing under  the  load  that  he  had  carried  and 
he  needed  rest  and  change.  The  Trustees 
complimented  him  for  his  fidelity  as  he  laid 
down  his  tasks — all  but  his  teaching  and 
secretaryship  of  the  Board.  Miss  Willard 
has  well  said  of  him:  "No  one  ever  con- 
nected with  the  institution  has  placed  upon 
it  a  more  skillful  hand,  or  at  a  time  when 
it  was  more  plastic  to  his  touch.  To  the 
last  syllable  of  recorded  time,  his  name 
should  be  associated  with  the  Northwestern 


78  NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 

University,  and  doubtless  it  will  some  day  tution.    T.  C.  Hoag,  the  former  Treasurer 

be  permanently  connected  with  some  build-  of  the  University,  now  succeeded  to  the  du- 

ing  of  the  growing  group  upon  the  College  ties  of  Agent,  bringing  to  the  task  a  large 

campus."   He  relinquished  his  work  in  1869  business  experience  and  orderly  habits  in  the 

and  his  secretaryship  in  1870,  and  was  ten-  conduct  of  affairs.    For  more  than  twenty- 

derly  laid  to  rest,  at  Rosehill  Cemetery,  in  five  years  he  was  to  continue  in  the  dis- 

1872.    Professor  D.  H.  Wheeler  succeeded  charge  of  that  office  or  of  the  treasurership, 

him  in  the  Acting  Presidency  of  the  insti-  giving  good  account  of  his  stewardship. 


CHAPTER  VII. 


A    DECADE    OF    CHANGE 


Chicago  Medical  College  Merged  in  the 
University— A  "Toivn  and  Gozvn"  Con- 
test— Dr.  Erastns  O.  Haven  Enters 
Upon  the  Presidency — Women  Admitted 
to  College  Classes— Addition  to  the  Fac- 
idty — Greenleaf  Library — College  Jour- 
nals— Dr.  Haven  is  Succeeded  in  the 
Presidency  by  Dr.  C.  H.  Fozvler— In- 
crease of  Students  and  Growth  of  College 
Catalogue— Coeducation  Established  and 
Miss  Frances  E.  Willard  Joins  the  Fac- 
ulty— Gymnasium  Erected  —  Financial 
Embarrassment— President  Fowler  Re- 
tires and  Dr.  Oliver  H.  Marcy  Becomes 
Acting  President— The  University  Wins 
on  the  Ta.vation  Issue — Life-Saving  Sta- 
tion Established. 

The  Chicago  Medical  College  had  now 
become  an  integral  part  of  Northwestern 
University,  located  on  the  corner  of  Prairie 
Avenue  and  Twenty-sixth  Street,  Chicago, 
in  close  conjunction  with  Alercy  Hospital. 
The  University  aided  in  the  erection  of  its 
building  and  felt  great  pride  in  the  new 
connection,  which  was  largely  brought 
about  through  the  agency  of  Dr.  N.  S. 
Davis,  an  early  Trustee  of  the  University 
and  deeply  interested  in  the  cause  of  medi- 
cal education.  The  income  of  the  Univer- 
sity had  now  been  enhanced  by  returns  from 
the  La  Salle  Street  lots,  which  had  been 


leased  to  the  Grand  Pacific  Hotel  corpora- 
tion, and  the  future  looked  brighter. 

In  the  catalogue  of  1868-69  there  appears, 
for  the  first  time,  the  name  of  Robert  M. 
Cumnock,  Instructor  in  Elocution,  with 
the  modest  compensation  of  three  dollars  a 
week.  His  time  as  an  instructor  would 
command  that  much  an  hour  a  few  years 
later.  His  services  proved  so  acceptable 
that  he  was  paid  three  hundred  dollars  the 
following  year  for  such  services  as  he  ren- 
dered in  connection  with  the  College 
students.  He  was  a  rising  man  and  has 
risen  to  be  one  of  the  fixed  stars  in  the 
firmament  of  the  University.  The  name  of 
Robert  Baird  now  appears,  too,  as  Instruc- 
tor in  Greek  in  the  Academy.  He,  too,  was 
a  rising  man,  on  his  way  to  become  a  fixed 
star,  so  to  speak,  in  the  University  constel- 
lation, but  died  deeply  regretted  during 
the  year  1905. 

Town  and  Gown  Contest — New  Build- 
ings.— Most  colleges  have  had  their  town 
and  gown  experiences  and,  growing  up,  as 
the  Town  of  Evanston  has  done,  under  the 
shadow  of  the  University,  it  would  almost 
seem  that  experiences  of  hostility  would  be 
avoided ;  but  the  student  body  was  con- 
stantly discovering  that  they  were  regarded 
as  an  element  that  had  few  rights  at  the 
hands  of  the  native-born,  and  more  than 
once  they  had  rough  treatment  at  the  hands 
of  the  town  boys.    Nor  is  it  to  be  wondered 


79 


8o 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


at  that  the  owners  of  melon  patches,  to  the 
south  and  on  the  ridge,  regarded  the  student 
community  with  some  suspicion  during  the 
period  when  the  juicy  melon  ripens  on  its 
vine.  But  the  Trustees,  too,  had  their 
troubles  in  1869,  when  the  Town  vs.  Gown 
spirit  was  manifested  by  a  visitation  of  vil- 
lagers to  the  Trustees'  Board  on  the  subject 
of  taxation.  They  were  respectfully  heard 
and  were  told  that  the  Trustees  had  troubles 
of  their  own  in  maintaining  an  institution 
that  would  be  a  credit  to  all  concerned,  even 
with  the  subsidy  given  by  the  State  in  the 
form  of  exemption  from  general  taxation; 
and,  then,  Grant  Goodrich  took  the  floor 
and  informed  the  visitors  as  to  what  the 
University  had  done  for  the  town,  was  do- 
ing and  would  continue  to  do,  and  what 
were  its  rights  under  its  charter,  and  how 
the  scheme  of  mutual  benefits  ought  at  once 
and  forever  to  quiet  the  incipient  murmur- 
ings  on  the  subject  of  tax-burdens  because 
of  University  exemption.  He  did  not  fully 
lay  the  ghost.  It  has  since  walked  abroad 
and,  perhaps,  will  never  down,  for  there 
never  yet  was  a  college  town  but  had  its 
war  'twixt  "town  and  gown." 

The  lease  of  part  of  the  campus  to  Gar- 
rett Biblical  Institute  was  put  in  form,  as 
it  now  exists,  after  long  and  tedious  con- 
ferences— indeed,  after  Heck  Hall  had  been 
erected — and  the  mutual  relations  were  so 
adjusted  that  they  might  live  ever  after 
happily  and  helpfully,  side  by  side. 

University  Hall  was  now  well-nigh  com- 
plete and  the  formal  dedication  and  occupa- 
tion was  designed  for  1870.  It  was  con- 
sidered desirable  that  a  President  should  be 
elected  to  begin  service  simultaneously  with 
the  occupation  of  this  Hall,  and  thought 
turned  again  to  Dr.  Erastus  O.  Haven.  He 
was  then  President  of  the  University  of 
Michigan — a  man  whose  coming  would  give 
new  dignity  and  prominence  to  the  Univer- 
sity. 


Dr.  Haven  Assumes  the  Presidency. — 

The  Trustees  fi.xed  his  salary — mirabile 
dictii! — at  $4,500  per  annum,  and  elected 
him  without  a  dissenting  vote.  President 
Haven  was  then  forty-nine  years  of  age. 
He  had  graduated  from  Wesleyan  Univer- 
sity in  1842 ;  had  been  Principal  of  Amenia 
Seminary ;  had  been  Professor  of  Latin  in 
Michigan  University,  and  later  of  English 
Language,  Literature  and  History ;  had 
been  editor  of  "Zion's  Herald" ;  a  member 
of  the  Massachusetts  State  Senate,  and 
Overseer  of  Harvard  University ;  then 
President  of  the  University  of  Michigan 
for  six  years  before  accepting  the  Presi- 
dency of  Northwestern.  He  was  a  clear, 
earnest  and  logical  speaker,  and  his  long 
experience  and  eminent  qualifications 
strongly  commended  him  in  his  new  re- 
lations. His  first  year  was  signalized  by 
the  admission  of  women  to  the  college 
classes — almost  a  new  departure  among 
colleges  in  the  United  States,  but  a  move- 
ment that  he  had  championed  and  concern- 
ing which  he  had  assurances  before  coming 
to  Evanston.  The  working  union  with  the 
Chicago  Medical  College  was  consummated 
in  his  first  year,  and  there  were  added  to 
the  roll  of  University  instructors  the  con- 
spicuous names  of  Davis,  Andrews,  John- 
son, Byford,  Isham,  Hollister,  Roler  and 
Bevan,  with  N.  S.  Davis — then  in  his  prime 
— Dean  of  the  Medical  School.  The  sum- 
mary of  names  of  University  students 
counted  three  hundred  and  thirty-seven,  of 
which  two  hundred  and  sixty-two  were  in 
Evanston.  The  curriculum  had  been  greatly 
enriched.  Julius  F.  Kellogg  had  entered 
the  College  Faculty  as  Professor  of  Civil 
Engineering — a  splendid  mathematician,  an 
excellent  teacher  and  well  beloved. 

The  north  end  of  the  third  story  of 
University  Hall  had  been  set  apart  as  a 
library,  in  which  the  accumulated  treasures 
of  twenty  years  were  installed,  and  to  which 


XORTHWESTERX  FEMALE  COLLEGE 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


8i 


was  added  the  Greenleaf  Library  of  twenty 
thousand  volumes,  rich  in  classics,  in  phil- 
osophy, in  art  and  education,  the  private 
library  of  Dr.  John  Schulze,  Minister  of 
Education  in  Prussia.  The  funds  for  this 
rich  and  timely  purchase  were  the  gift  of 
Luther  L.  Greenleaf,  one  of  Evanston's 
large-hearted  and  well-disposed  citizens,  a 
friend  and  a  Trustee  of  the  University. 

The  Advent  of  College  Journalism. — 
College  journalism  began  during  the 
presidency  of  Dr.  Haven,  with  the  issue  of 
"The  Tripod" — a  serious  and  well  edited 
publication,  whose  columns  represented  the 
College  and  the  Medical  School.  A  rival 
entered  the  field  in  1878,  and,  for  three 
years,  made  matters  interesting,  as  only 
rival  papers  with  an  inadequate  constituency 
can.  These  papers  were  combined  in  1881 
in  the  "Northwestern,"  the  present  college 
paper,  which  has  held  the  field  alone,  ex- 
cept during  a  single  year,  when  the  "Barbs," 
who  concluded  that  they  were  discrimi- 
nated against  in  the  make-up  of  the  editorial 
staff,  entered  the  field  of  college  journal- 
ism, in  which  Sidney  P.  Johnston  won  his 
newspaper  spurs.  The  "Evanston  Press," 
too,  was  an  outgrowth  of  college  journal- 
ism, bringing  out  the  latent  talent  of  Robert 
Vandercook  and  giving  direction  to  the 
bent  of  Edwin  L.  Shuman,  afterwards  the 
accomplished  literary  editor  of  the  "Chicago 
Tribune,"  and  still  later  of  the  "Record- 
Herald."  And  what  shall  we  say  of  the 
numerous  reporters  who  have  reported 
Evanston  news  for  the  Chicago  press? 
Eager  for  news,  they  have  sometimes 
created  it,  and  very  often  magnified  some 
trivial  incident  into  a  harmful  sensation. 
Many  of  them  have  graduated  into  jour- 
nalism, however,  and  given  a  good  account 
of  themselves.  For  many  years  James  W. 
Scott,  of  the  "Chicago  Herald,"  maintained 
the  Herald  Scholarship  and  Mr.  H.  H. 
Kohlsaat  has  continued  it.     A  publication 


that  has  reflected  much  of  the  spirit  of 
college  life  was  the   "Pandora,"  issued  in 

1884  and  published  by  the  senior  class.     In 

1885  the  name  was  changed  to  "Syllabus," 
and  its  publication  was  assumed  by  the 
fraternities.  In  1893  the  publication  was 
undertaken  by  the  junior  class  and  so  con- 
tinues. 

"Sketches  in  Purple"  is  a  most  creditable 
exhibit  of  literary  work  done  in  the  classes 
of  Prof.  J.  S.  Clark,  first  published  in 
1 90 1,   with  hope   of  an   annual   appearing. 

The  list  of  prizes  as  stimulants  to  all  sorts 
of  intellectual  activity  had  been  increased  by 
the  addition  of  prizes  for  excellence  in  liter- 
ary composition,  leading  up  to  the  Blan- 
chard  Prize  of  one  hundred  dollars  for  the 
best  English  oration,  and  sundry  prizes  for 
excellence  in  debate  and  elocution. 

The  Catalogue  of  1869-70  is  the  most 
attractive  issue  of  that  periodical  thus  far 
published,  and  it  impressed  the  founders 
that  their  hopes  of  Northwestern  were 
reaching  some  fruitage.  A  cut  of  the  new 
University  Hall  adorns  its  pages,  giving  the 
impression  of  amplitude  of  accommodation 
in  which  to  do  the  college  work.  The  joy 
of  teachers  and  students  in  the  spacious 
quarters,  which  contrasted  so  strongly  with 
the  stuffy  quarters  on  Davis  Street, 
amounted  almost  to  intoxication.  Then, 
too,  the  freedom  of  the  splendid  campus, 
with  its  oak-tree  shade,  its  outlook  on  the 
open  lake,  were  means  of  intellectual 
growth  and  culture  that  could  not  be  over- 
rated. The  museum,  that  was  growing  to 
splendid  proportions  under  the  loving  care 
of  Professor  Marcy,  was  given  spacious 
quarters  in  the  lofty  upper  story  of  the 
building.  The  Preparatory  School  was 
given  the  cast-off  garment  of  the  College  on 
Davis  Street ;  and  it,  too,  took  on  new 
dignity  and  importance,  with  its  little  cam- 
pus all  its  own,  where  Preps,  would  no 
longer  be  over  awed  by  the  lordly  airs  of 


■82 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


college  men.  Amos  W.  Patten,  and  Charles 
W.  Pearson  and  E.  P.  Shrader,  names  that 
will  figure  more  prominently  by  and  by, 
were  added  to  the  teaching  force  of  the 
Academy.  Through  Dr.  Haven's  efforts, 
the  hospitality  of  the  College  was  extended 
to  the  Evanston  College  for  Ladies,  and  an 
opening  made  for  the  co-operation  of  the 
Scandinavians  in  the  work  of  the  College. 
Prof.  H.  S.  Carhart,  fresh  from  Middle- 
town,  was  added  to  the  faculty  in  the  Chair 
of  Civil  Engineering,  while  Professor  Kel- 
logg assumed  the  Chair  of  Mathematics. 
Professor  Carhart  likewise  took  up  the  du- 
ties of  Secretary  of  the  Faculty,  which  Pro- 
fessor Marcy  and  Professor  Bonbright  had 
carried.  Few  colleges  were  then  better 
equipped  with  bright,  earnest  men,  or  had 
a  better  share  of  hope  and  the  stimulus  of 
manifest  progression. 

Another  Change  of  Administration. — 
The  administration  of  Dr.  Haven  was 
all  too  short.  His  ambitions  were,  no  doubt, 
ecclesiastical.  The  General  Conference 
called  him  away  to  the  Secretaryship  of 
the  Board  of  Education,  and  he  inclined  to 
the  summons.  Gentle,  loving  persuasion 
was  of  no  avail  to  divert  him  from  this 
public  call.  In  October,  1872,  Dr.  C.  H. 
Fowler  was  elected  President  of  the  Uni- 
versity for  the  second  time,  he  having  de- 
clined an  earlier  election.  His  career,  since 
1861,  when  he  graduated  from  Garrett 
Biblical  Institute,  had  been  in  the  adjacent 
City  of  Chicago,  where  he  had  acquired 
the  reputation  of  a  pulpit  orator  of  the 
highest  rank.  His  brilliant  parts  and  large 
influence  promised  well  for  a  splendid 
career  at  Evanston.  He  magnified  his  work 
and  made  it  honorable  and,  with  the  stim- 
ulus of  youth,  he  planned  for  large  things 
in  connection  with  his  charge.  He  planned 
a  School  of  Technology.  A  School  of 
Music  was  established.  The  Evanston  Col- 
lege  for  Ladies   was   merged   in   the   Uni- 


versity, and  a  Law  School  was  established  in 
conjunction  with  the  University  of  Chicago, 
which  was  destined  to  become  exclusively 
the  Northwestern  University  Law  School. 
The  catalogue,  never  larger  than  eighty 
pages  in  any  previous  issue,  now  became 
an  imposing  document  of  one  hundred  and 
eighty  pages,  with  broadened  curriculum, 
lists  of  professional  schools  and  affiliated 
preparatory  schools,  and  an  enrollment  of 
eight  hundred  and  sixty-six  students,  to- 
gether with  a  double-page  engraving  of  the 
campus  and  its  buildings  and  the  adjacent 
lake — enough  to  fire  the  prospective  student 
with  an  eager  desire  to  be  a  part  of  such 
a  school.  The  succeeding  catalogue  is  less 
ambitious,  composed  of  one  hundred  and 
twelve  pages,  of  lighter  paper  and  smaller 
type.  The  President  had  doubtless  heard 
from  the  business  office  as  to  the  cost  of 
printing  and  the  matter  of  postage ;  but  the 
roll  of  students  had  increased  to  eight  hun- 
dred ninety-one. 

Organization  of  Teaching  Force. — 
Frances  E.  W'illard  had  become  asso- 
ciated with  the  University,  as  Professor  of 
Esthetics,  on  the  merging  of  the  Evanston 
College  for  Ladies  in  the  University.  Her 
students  came  with  her  and  the  roll  of  the 
graduates  of  the  Northwestern  Female  Col- 
lege, to  which  the  Evanston  College  for 
Ladies  succeeded,  was  included  among  the 
alumni  of  Northwestern  University.  That 
brilliant  woman  did  not  tarry  long  in  educa- 
tional work.  She  was  calculated  for  leader- 
ship rather  than  for  service  in  the  ranks.  She 
chafed  under  the  restraints  of  a  conservative 
Board  of  Trustees.  Her  career  was  to  be 
world-wide.  As  the  President  of  the  Wo- 
man's Christian  Temperance  Union  she 
found  her  sphere ;  she  wielded  her  pen  with 
the  most  polished  grace,  and  she  spoke  as 
one  inspired,  when  her  theme  involved  the 
welfare  of  men  and  women.  The  College  was 
proud  of  her,  of  her  genius  and  of  the  sacri- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


83 


fice  and  devotion  with  whicli  she  apphed  it. 
Her  successor,  as  Dean  of  the  Woman's 
College,  was  Miss  Ellen  Soule,  who  be- 
came Mrs.  Professor  Carhart,  and  gave 
place,  in  turn,  to  Miss  Jane  M.  Bancroft. 
With  the  merging  of  the  College  for  Ladies 
a  new  element  was  introduced  in  the  Board 
of  Government  by  the  election  of  three  lady 
Trustees,  one  of  whom,  for  a  time,  served 
on  the  Executive  Committee — Mrs.  Emily 
Huntington  Miller  having  the  distinction  to 
be  the  first  woman  to  take  her  place  in  the 
"Seats  of  the  Mighty." 

A  much  needed  improvement  on  the  cam- 
pus was  made  in  1876  by  the  building  of 
the  Gymnasium  by  a  stock  company  of 
students,  with  a  bowling  alley  in  the  base- 
ment and  a  large  room  for  exercise  above, 
in  size  about  forty  feet  by  eighty.  It  was 
not  adequate  to  the  needs  of  the  institu- 
tion, but  it  would  do  as  a  step  towards  bet- 
ter things, — a  long  step,  perhaps,  ere  the 
new  Gymnasium  is  to  be  erected — but  the 
need  was  so  great  that  students  took  hold  of 
the  enterprise,  managing  it  by  a  Board  of 
Directors. 

New  names  appear  in  1876  as  donors  of 
prizes  to  stimulate  various  sorts  of  effort : 
the  Easter  Prize  displacing  the  Blanchard, 
the  Gage  Prizes,  the  Mann  Prize,  the  Phil- 
lips Prize,  and  others  given  by  the  Uni- 
versity. 

Prof.  Herbert  F.  Fisk  came  to  the  Pre- 
paratory School  in  1875,  with  the  rank  of 
Professor,  and  later  became  Professor  of 
Pedagogics  in  the  College.  He  had  grad- 
uated early  from  Wesleyan  University,  and 
since  his  graduation  had  taught  contin- 
uously in  academies  in  the  East.  He  was 
destined  now  to  find  a  field  of  continuous 
labor,  and  to  make  a  record  as  teacher  and 
disciplinarian.  The  Old  College  Building 
had  been  enlarged  and  moved  to  the  cam- 
pus, to  serve,  for  a  long  series  of  years,  as 
the   scene  of  his  labors  where  he  should 


preside,  a  terror  to  evil-doers  and  a  praise 
to  them  that  do  well.  The  discipline  of 
that  end  of  the  campus  was  safe  while  Dr. 
Fisk  was  in  town. 

Financial  Situation — New  Burdens. — 
It  has  already  been  indicated  that 
President  Fowler  had  Started  things  at  a 
more  rapid  pace  than  they  had  previously 
been  going.  Such  movements  require 
money.  The  absorption  of  the  Ladies'  Col- 
lege increased  the  debt  and  a  dangerous 
deficit  was  piling  up.  One  large  subscription 
of  twenty-five  thousand  dollars  proved  to 
be  of  the  Walker  variety  and  the  Trustees 
were  greatly  disturbed.  Some  advocated 
the  rapid  sale  of  property  and  its  use  to 
diminish  the  debt  and  to  defray  the  ex- 
penses upon  which  they  had  entered,  rather 
than  take  a  backward  step.  The  records  of 
1875  fairly  reflect  the  earnestness  of  the 
controversy  over  the  question  of  the  policy 
to  be  pursued  by  the  University  with  refer- 
ence to  unproductive  property.  In  the  com- 
munications of  Governor  Evans,  of  T.  C. 
Hoag,  of  W.  H.  Lunt  and  of  Rev.  Philo 
Judson  on  this  subject,  almost  the  last  word 
was  spoken  on  behalf  of  the  respective  pol- 
icies of  holding  for  lease  or  selling  out  the 
residence  property  of  the  University,  at  go- 
ing prices  to  actual  settlers,  and  investing 
the  resultant  funds.  When  this  discussion 
again  arises — as  arise  it  will  from 
time  to  time — the  minutes  of  1875  will 
prove  an  armory  of  weapons  to  the  con- 
testants. Governor  Evans  wrote  as  one 
deeply  interested  in  the  institution,  as  hav- 
ing given  to  it  with  generous  liberality  and 
having  put  it  under  restraint  to  withhold 
from  sale  a  certain  portion  of  its  property. 
Philo  Judson  wrote  as  one  who  met  the 
actual  situation  in  his  work  as  Land  Agent, 
and  reached  a  height  of  eloquence  and  ar- 
gument in  his  plea  for  generous  and  un- 
restricted sales  that  seems  unanswerable. 
If  he  or  Governor  Evans  had  never  written 


84 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


anything  else  than  these  two  papers,  these 
recorded  documents  of  two  of  the  founders 
of  the  institution  would  reveal  to  us  of  a 
later  generation  that  they  were  men  of 
keen  intellectuality  and  good  fighters. 

So  far  as  the  policy  with  reference  to  the 
sale  of  property  is  concerned,  this  discus- 
sion was  without  practical  result.  The  lim- 
itations which  Governor  Evans  placed  upon 
the  sale  of  property,  by  conditional  grants 
to  the  University  of  sundry  pieces  of  Chi- 
cago property,  were  revoked  by  a  later  in- 
strument. Indeed,  the  limitations  agreed  to 
by  the  Executive  Committee  in  receiving 
gifts  from  Governor  Evans  were  not  ap- 
proved by  the  Board  of  Trustees,  and  the 
whole  question  of  the  sale  of  property,  with 
a  view  to  limitations,  was  referred  to  a  com- 
mittee of  three,  in  1871,  the  report  from 
whom  has  never  been  called  up.  Rev.  Philo 
Judson's  communication  on  this  subject  was 
his  last  word  to  the  University,  and  it  is 
indeed  a  heritage.  He  died  a  few  months 
later  and  a  feeling  tribute  graces  the  record, 
describing  him  as  "one  of  the  founders  of 
the  institution"  ;  as  "the  first— and,  for  many 
years— Business  Manager  and  Financial 
Agent,  and  later  Trustee  and  Executive 
Ofificer,  who  has  rendered  long  and  efficient 
service  to  the  University.  To  his  intel- 
lectual force,  sagacity,  wisdom,  integrity, 
unselfishness  and  fidelity,  the  cause  of  edu- 
cation is  lastingly  indebted."  And  much 
more  to  the  same  effect,  which  was  inspired 
by  a  genuine  appreciation  of  a  man  of  most 
sterling  and  serviceable  qualities. 

The  Board  started  out  upon  the  year 
1876  with  a  discouraging  budget,  showing 
a  probable  deficit  of  nearly  sixteen  thousand 
dollars ;  but  the  end  of  the  year  was  reached 
with  a  somewhat  better  showing,  though, 
on  the  whole,  not  entirely  satisfactory.  A 
judicious  Committee  on  Ways  and  Means 
was  appointed  to  look  matters  in  the  face, 
and  see  if  some  remedy  could  not  be  devised 


to  avoid  a  crisis.  They  could  only  figure 
out  a  probable  deficit  of  $23,750  per  annum. 
They  reminded  their  brethren  that,  in  their 
great  desire  for  rapid  development,  they  had 
forgotten  the  old  adage,  "Make  haste  slow- 
ly," and  they  recommended  a  return  to  the 
old  ways  of  making  no  appropriations  for 
salaries  or  other  expenses  in  advance  of  cur- 
rent income.  This  policy,  said  they,  must 
be  adhered  to  rigidly,  in  the  future,  for  we 
cannot  afford  to  mortgage  the  future  use- 
fulness of  the  institution. 

Dr.  Fowler  having  been  elected  editor  of 
the  "Christian  Advocate"  in  New  York,  in 
May  of  that  year,  resigned  his  position,  to 
the  great  regret  of  the  Board,  who  passed 
resolutions  of  warm  commendation  of  his 
work  and  his  influence.  The  Chairs  of 
English  Literature  and  Chemistry  were 
likewise  vacated  and  the  work  distributed. 
Thus  the  ship  was  lightened  and  proceeded 
on  its  voyage  with  a  better  prospect  of 
reaching  port.  Dr.  Oliver  Marcy  was  made 
Acting  President— a  work  which,  although 
not  at  all  to  his  taste,  he  took  up  and  admin- 
istered with  the  same  fidelity  and  zeal  that 
he  gave  to  his  own  department,  winning  re- 
spect and  confidence  at  every  step  and  ad- 
ministering government  and  discipline 
with  an  even  hand. 

A  new  menace  came  in  1876  to  try  the 
patience  of  the  Trustees  who  were  heroically 
struggling  with  the  problem  of  finance,  in 
the  listing  of  their  property  by  the  assess- 
ors for  taxation.  The  expense  of  testing 
the  legality  of  the  claim  was  appalling,  and 
the  possibly  unfavorable  outcome  of  litiga- 
tion was  even  more  discouraging.  But 
they  stood  firmly  upon  their  chartered 
rights.  The  contest  in  the  lower  court  of 
the  State  was  adverse,  as  was  expected. 
The  decision  in  the  State  Supreme  Court 
was  similarly  adverse,  but  not  unanimous, 
there  being  two  dissenting  Justices.  The 
case  then  went  to  Washington,  with  Grant 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


85 


Goodrich,  Wirt  Dexter  and  Senator  M.  H. 
Carpenter  as  attorneys  for  the  University, 
and  their  efforts  were  crowned  with  the 
happy  result  of  a  reversal  of  the  decision  of 
the  State  Courts.  The  contention  of  the 
tax-collector  was  that,  though  the  property 
of  the  University  was  exempted  from  tax- 
ation by  the  amendment  to  the  charter  in 
1855,  a  subsequent  statute  of  1872  limited 
this  exemption  to  land  and  other  property 
in  immediate  use  by  the  school.  The 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  con- 
strued the  charter  in  harmony  with  the 
powers  granted  to  the  Legislature  under 
the  Constitution  of  1848,  and,  therefore,  not 
limited  by  the  new  Constitution  of  1870. 
We  cannot  say  if  any  bonfires  blazed  on 
the  campus  when  the  decision  was  made 
known.  It  is  quite  certain  that  a  new  light 
gleamed  from  the  faces  of  the  surviving 
founders,  and  especially  from  the  face  of 
the  surviving  attorney.  Grant  Goodrich, 
who  drew  the  charter  amendment  that  had 
been  controverted  and  which  meant  so 
much  to  the  institution. 

Life  Saving  Station  is  Established. — 
During  1876  the  Life  Saving  Station  of 
the  United  States  was  established  on  the 
campus,  manned  by  students  and  presided 
over  by  Captain  Larson,  an  "old  salt"  who 
is  the  soul  of  discipline  and  fidelity,  as  de- 
vout as  he  is  brave,  whose  influence  upon 
his  boys  has  been  the  very  best.  The  work 
of   life-saving   at   the   station   has   been   a 


source  of  honest  joy  and  pride  to  the  friends 
of  the  University.  The  lease  of  University 
grounds  for  this  purpose  was  for  twenty 
years,  and  in  1896  was  renewed  for  fifty 
years,  so  that  it  has  a  future  in  connection 
with  the  institution. 

Without  serious  diminution  in  numbers, 
but  on  a  more  even  keel,  the  University 
kept  on  its  course  under  the  wise  admin- 
istration of  Dr.  Marcy,  till  1881.  Prof. 
Kistler  had  retired  and  his  old-time  pupil 
was  made  instructor  in  Greek.  Charles  W. 
Pearson,  too,  had  risen  to  an  instructorship 
in  English  Literature  in  place  of  D.  H. 
Wheeler.  New  names  were  appearing  in 
instructorships  which  will  afterwards  figure 
in  connection  with  professorships  in  the  in- 
stitution. The  financial  burden  that  had 
been  much  relieved  was  still  oppressing, 
and  the  heroic  method  of  reduction  of  sal- 
aries was  applied,  with  the  hope  that  it 
would  not  be  for  long. 

George  F.  Foster,  one  of  the  charter 
members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  passed 
away  in  1878  and  was  memorialized  in  the 
records  of  the  Trustees.  He  was  a  man  of 
zeal  and  generous  liberality ;  a  shouting 
Methodist,  ardent  in  his  temperament, 
earnest  and  persistent  in  the  discharge  of 
what  he  believed  to  be  his  duty.  He  was  a 
warm  and  devoted  friend,  an  open  and  hon- 
orable opponent.  William  Wheeler,  too, 
had  gone,  and  the  ranks  of  the  early  Trus- 
tees were  sadly  thinning. 


CHAPTER   VIII. 


AN  ERA  OF  PROGRESS 


Dr.  Joseph  Cummings,  the  Nestor  of  East- 
ern Educators,  Succeeds  to  the  Presiden- 
cy— Indebtedness  Wiped  Out  and  the  In- 
stitution Enters  Upon  a  More  Prosper- 
ous Era — MjiniHccnt  Gifts  and  Improve- 
ments— Changes  in  Faculty  and  Trustees 
— Illinois  School  of  Pharmacy  and  School 
of  Dentistry  Added — Celebration  of  Uni- 
versity Day  Inaugurated  —  President 
Cummings'  Successful  Career  and  His 
Taking  Away — Dr.  Marcy  Temporarily 
Assumes  the  Position  of  Acting  Presi- 
dent— Dr.  Henry  Wade  Rogers  Suc- 
ceeds to  the  Presidency  in  i8po — Other 
Changes  and  Improvements — Depart- 
ment Schools  and  Colleges — Real  Estate 
Investments. 

Dr.  Marcy  was  becoming  weary  of  tasks 
that  took  him  from  his  class-room  and  his 
beloved  museum,  and,  in  June,  1881,  Joseph 
Cummings,  the  Nestor  of  educators  in  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  long-time 
President  of  Wesleyan  University,  an  old 
man  but  full  of  vigor,  was  chosen  for  the 
Presidency.  He  was  coming  to  his  own ; 
for,  had  not  the  Northwestern,  for  years, 
paid  tribute  to  Middletown  in  the  filling  of 
its  chairs?  There  were  Marcy,  and  Fisk, 
and  Carhart,  and  Cumnock,  and  Morse,  and 
there  were  others  coming.  Surely,  the  grand 
old  man  might  take  up  his  work  with  no 
sense  of  noveltv  in  his  new  situation.     He 


was  a  man  of  noble  parts,  full  of  dignity 
but  full  of  gentleness,  as  devoted  to  his 
work  as  is  the  sun  to  shining.  He  was  an 
ideal  College  President  of  the  old  school ; 
great  in  the  recitation  room,  great  as  a 
disciplinarian,  strong  in  administration,  a 
financier,  an  economist,  a  mighty  man  in 
the  pulpit  or  on  the  rostrum,  able  to  do 
great  things  and  small,  considerate  of  his 
colleagues,  no  tyrant,  but  a  believer  in 
faculty  government  and,  witliout  coercion 
of  their  opinion,  willing  to  abide  by  it.  What 
a  mighty  man  he  seemed  on  commencement 
days,  in  his  square  Doctor's  cap  and  silk 
gown,  bidding  candidates  "ascendat,"  and 
conferring  degrees  in  Latin  without  a  slip,  a 
task  over  which  his  successors  stumbled. 
Before  his  work  was  done,  two  hundred 
thousand  dollars  of  indebtedness  from  for- 
mer years  had  been  cleared  oft'.  Governor 
Evans  helped  nobly ;  William  Deering  bore 
the  lion's  share ;  and  one  and  another  lifted, 
under  the  persuasive  power  of  Dr.  Cum- 
mings or  Dr.  Hatfield,  till  the  work  of  liqui- 
dation of  indebtedness  was  wrought,  and 
then,  relieved  of  burden,  the  college  work 
went  on  more  hopefully.  New  professors 
were  secured,  development  took  place  in 
the  line  of  true,  logical  growth  under  the 
hand  of  a  master.  His  annual  reports  were 
and  are  still  the  strongest  and  most  helpful 
papers  ever  submitted  to  the  Board  of  Trus- 
tees, full  of  stimulus  and  suggestions.     The 


88 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


Fayerweather  Hall  of  Science  was  secured, 
the  gift,  for  a  long  time,  of  an  unknown 
donor  into  whose  ear  Dr.  Hatfield,  at  a  time- 
ly moment,  had  dropped  a  word  concerning 
Northwestern,  and  it  resulted  in  this 
anonymous  gift — and  would  result  in  more 
when  his  will  should  be  opened — that  helped 
mightily  in  the  development  of  the  work  in 
Chemistry  and  Physics.  Professor  Carhart 
was  tempted  away  to  Michigan  University 
just  as  he  was  about  to  enter  into  his 
heritage  of  the  new  building,  to  carry  on 
the  brilliant  career  of  a  physicist,  which  he 
had  so  well  begun  at  Northwestern. 

Organization  of  New  Departments. — 
Then,  too,  on  the  north  campus  arose  the 
graceful  pile  of  Dearborn  Observatory,  the 
gift  of  James  B.  Hobbs,  equipped  with  the 
splendid  instruments  that  were  formerly  in 
the  old  Dearborn  Observatory  at  the  rear  of 
Chicago  University.  The  gift  was  made 
without  ostentation,  after  the  manner  of  the 
princely  giver  that  he  is,  and  there  was 
installed  Prof.  George  W.  Hough  as  astron- 
omer, to  keep  up  his  vigil  over  Jupiter, 
with  whom  he  is  so  well  acquainted,  and  to 
increase  the  list  of  double  stars  whose  hid- 
ings he  has  such  facility  in  finding  out. 

Then,  as  a  result  of  Dr.  Hatfield's  efforts, 
a  dormitory  was  erected  on  Cook  Street  to 
house  thirty  young  men,  the  second  experi- 
ment of  the  University  in  that  direction. 

The  death  of  Robert  F.  Queal  was  chron- 
icled in  1883,  one  of  the  later  most  valuable 
Trustees  of  the  institution,  a  man  of  grace 
and  tact,  and  loyal  to  the  core.  In  1886 
James  S.  Kirk,  a  stalwart,  useful  member  of 
the  Board  was  taken  away ;  and,  in  1887, 
Philip  R.  Shumway,  who  had  given  great 
promise  of  valuable  aid  in  the  counsels  of 
the  Executive  Committee. 

In  1884  the  Illinois  School  of  Pharmacy 
became  the  property  of  the  University, 
thereafter  to  be  known  as  the  Northwestern 
School    of    Pharmacy — this    through    the 


labors  of  Dr.  D.  R.  Dyche,  one  of  the  most 
self-forgetful,  public-spirited  Trustees  that 
ever  helped  to  carry  the  burdens  of  the  in- 
stitution. The  School  of  Dentistry  was  like- 
wise taken  on,  to  become  one  of  the  most 
flourishing  departments  by  and  by. 

The  celebration  of  University  Day  was 
begun  February  22,  1886,  by  the  assembling 
of  all  departments  in  Evanston,  who 
marched  through  the  streets  to  the  strains 
of  martial  music,  and  were  addressed  by 
representatives  of  the  University  culminat- 
ing in  a  collation  and  a  reception  at  Willard 
Hall.  This  happy  custom  was  continued 
into  the  administration  of  President  Rogers, 
and  fell  at  last  into  innocuous  desuetude. 

The  Passing  away  of  Dr.  Cummings. 
— For  almost  ten  years,  in  the  ripeness  of 
his  wisdom  and  powers,  without  dimness  of 
vision  or  abatement  of  natural  vigor.  Dr. 
Cummings  kept  on  his  way  as  President  of 
the  University,  with  a  broadening  curricu- 
lum and  increasing  number  of  students, 
large  graduating  classes  and  a  splendid  fac- 
ulty that  were  harmonious  and  enthusiastic 
and  united  in  honoring  their  chief  and  fol- 
lowing his  leadership.  Though  disease  was 
preying  upon  him,  he  gave  out  no  sign  of 
weakness.  He  called  the  regular  meeting  of 
the  faculty  to  assemble  in  his  room  when 
the  hand  of  death  was  upon  him,  and  passed 
away  as  a  soldier  in  battle,  with  his  armor 
on.  His  name  and  character  is  a  heritage 
to  those  of  us  who  knew  him  well,  stimu- 
lating to  duty.  Not  less  useful,  on  the  social 
side  of  college  life,  in  that  eminently  suc- 
cessful administration,  was  the  influence  of 
the  queenly  woman  who  presided  in  the 
home  of  the  President.  She  was  a  woman 
of  striking  presence,  of  tact  and  sprightli- 
ness.  with  a  keen  eye  to  take  in  difficult 
situations  and  a  skillful  hand  to  relieve  all 
embarrassments.  These  two  were  a  mar- 
velous combination  in  a  college  community. 
I  do  not  wonder  that  Middletown  students 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


89 


are  ready  to  bow  down  at  the  mention  of 
their  names.  Northwestern  students,  be- 
tween 1880  and  1890,  are  ready  to  do  Hke- 
wise.  Dr.  Cummings'  last  appearance  in 
chapel  was  a  scene  long  to  be  remembered. 
He  would  not  be  relieved  of  his  accustomed 
task  of  leading  the  devotions,  though  his 
breath  came  quick  and  his  utterance  was 
choked.  He  read  the  hymn, 
"My  Jesus,  as  thou  wilt, 

Tho'  seen  through  many  a  tear, 
•  Let  not  my  star  of  hope 
Grow  dim  or  disappear." 

A  solemn  stillness  pervaded  the  little 
chapel.  The  broken  voice  that  led  the  de- 
votions was  speaking  for  the  last  time 
among  us,  and  it  spoke  out  in  prayer  and 
Scripture  and  hymn,  as  if  conscious  that  it 
was  a  farewell,  the  keynote  of  a  life  attuned 
to  duty,  "My  Lord,  thy  will  be  done." 
Cheerful  and  serene,  though  feeble  from 
acute  disease,  he  left  the  chapel  that  day 
amid  faces  sad  with  fear  and  eager  with 
sympathy,  and  went  home  to  die  as  brave- 
ly as  he  went  to  work.  We  carried  him  to 
his  final  rest  a  few  days  later,  and  enshrined 
him  in  our  hearts  as  one  of  the  few  great 
men  that  we  had  known.  He  was  not  a 
writer  of  dreary  pamphlets  or  a  seeker  after 
notoriety.  He  felt  called  of  God  to  do  the 
work  of  a  Christian  educator  by  character, 
example,  precept  and  wise  and  prayerful 
administration,  and  he  did  it  well,  and 
thereon  rests  his  abiding  fame. 

Then  Dr.  Marcy  was  called  once  more 
to  take  up  the  task  of  administration  till 
some  new  man  could  be  found,  with  youth 
and  strength  and  scope  of  vision,  fit  to  take 
up  the  work  that  had  developed  somewhat 
after  the  hope  of  the  founders. 

A  new  appraisal  had  taken  place  of  the 
property  on  La  Salle  Street  that  had  been 
clung  to  tenaciously  during  the  vicissitudes 
of  forty  years,  which  resulted  in  an  increase 
of  income  of  more  than  fiftv  thousand  dol- 


lars per  annum.  It  meant  the  accomplish- 
ment of  much  that  had  been  dreamed  of, 
and  the  long  hoped  for  development. 

Dr.  Rogers  Called  to  the  Presidency. 
— In  September,  1890,  Dr.  Henry  Wade 
Rogers  was  called  to  the  Presidency  of  the 
institution.  He  had  been  Dean  of  the  Law 
School  of  the  University  of  Michigan,  and 
entered  most  auspiciously  upon  his  work  at 
the  most  fortunate  moment  in  the  career  of 
the  University. 

In  June,  1892,  T.  C.  Hoag,  having  de- 
clined to  serve  longer  as  Treasurer  and 
Business  Agent,  retired  from  the  arduous 
duties  of  his  office  with  an  enviable  record 
for  fidelity  and  skill  in  the  conduct  of  the 
afifairs  of  the  University,  and  Prof.  R.  D. 
Sheppard  was  invited  to  assume  the  busi- 
ness cares  of  the  institution,  in  addition  to 
his  college  work.  The  work  of  the  decade 
was  to  be  one  of  development  on  the  mate- 
rial side,  far  in  excess  of  any  similar  period 
in  the  history  of  the  University,  as  the  an- 
nual reports  of  receipts  and  expenditures 
will  show.  The  spacious  buildings  on 
Dearborn  Street,  near  Twenty- fourth,  were 
erected  for  the  proper  housing  of  the  Medi- 
cal School  and  School  of  Pharmacy,  on 
land  that  had  been  purchased  largely  by 
the  gift  for  that  purpose  of  William  Deer- 
ing,  and  an  adjacent  lot  had  been  purchased 
for  the  prospective  occupancy  of  Wesley 
Hospital.  The  Woman's  Medical  College 
on  Lincoln  Street,  Chicago,  was  purchased 
at  a  cost  of  twenty-five  thousand  dollars, 
and  it  became  an  integral  part  of  the  Uni- 
versity, with  a  goodly  list  of  alumnae  and  an 
eminent  faculty. 

In  1892  the  American  College  of  Dental 
Surgery  was  combined  with  the  North- 
western Dental  School,  with  a  student  at- 
tendance of  over  five  hundred  and  an  equip- 
ment unsurpassed,  over  which  presided 
Theodore  Menges,  a  phenomenon  of  energy 
and  tact  in  the  organization  and  manage- 


go 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


merit  of  such  an  institution,  whose  untimely 
death,  a  few  years  since,  left  that  school 
sadly  orphaned  but  still  vigorous  and  a 
monument  to  his  energy  and  devotion. 

The  Law  School  was  reorganized  and 
made  one  of  the  best  of  its  kind,  with  better 
quarters  and  with  an  enriched  curriculum. 

Orrington  Lunt  Library  Dedicated. — 
On  the  campus  the  new  Orrington  Lunt 
Library  was  erected  and  named  in  honor 
of  its  principal  benefactor,  the  genial,  saint- 
ly Orrington  Lunt,  who  walked  among  us 
in  the  evening  of  his  days  as  the  spirit  of 
peace  and  benediction.  Justin  Winsor  came 
on  the  dedication  and  spoke  a  splendid  mes- 
sage, but  the  charming  address  of  the 
founder  of  the  library  who,  for  so  long 
had  believed  in  books  as  a  prime  requisite 
of  a  student  community,  and  who  had 
manifested  his  faith  by  his  works,  was  the 
great  event  of  that  dedicatory  occasion. 

Then,  too,  the  School  of  Music  was 
housed  in  its  own  quarters,  with  a  hall  for 
recitals  and  rooms  for  instruction  and  prac- 
tice, presided  over  by  Prof.  P.  C.  Lutkin, 
whose  skill  and  devotion  have  made  it  one 
of  the  important  features  of  the  University 
work. 

Then,  too,  in  this  favored  time  arose  the 
Annie  May  Swift  Hall,  devoted  to  elocu- 
tion and  oratory,  the  gift  chiefly  of 
Gustavus  F.  Swift,  in  honor  of  his 
daughter,  who  died  during  her  career  in 
college.  It  was  the  graceful  tribute  of  the 
bereaved  parent  to  a  beautiful  girl.  Others 
contributed  to  this  building  at  the  solicita- 
tion of  Professor  Cumnock,  but  Mr.  Swift's 
gift  made  it  possible,  and  there  its  enthusi- 
astic Director  has  made  a  school  unique  in 
its  character  and  unsurpassed  anywhere. 

At  last  the  Fayerweather  bequest  of 
one  hundred  thousand  dollars  came  to  hand, 
the  result  of  Dr.  Hatfield's  timely  sugges- 
tion to  the  generous  leather  merchant  whose 
benefactions  to  American  colleges  have  been 


one  of  the  phenomenal  things  in  the  history 
of  those  institutions. 

Then  Fisk  Hall  was  constructed — the 
dream  of  Dr.  Fisk  for  twenty  years — ■ 
crowning  the  labors  of  his  devoted  life. 
William  Deering  built  it  with  a  capacity  to 
care  for  six  or  seven  hundred  students,  with 
a  chapel  that  is  the  best  auditorium  on  the 
campus,  and  with  all  the  appointments  and 
equipment  of  an  academy  of  the  first  rank. 

Woman's  Hall  was  enlarged  by  the  same 
generous  giver,  so  that  its  capacity  was 
almost  doubled. 

Then  the  campus  was  fenced  and  the 
gateways  were  built,  giving  an  air  of  indi- 
viduality and  dignity  to  the  college  en- 
closure. William  Deering  did  that ;  and 
one  quiet  afternoon,  on  his  way  to  town,  he 
left  at  the  business  office  a  package  of 
papers  that  the  dazed  Business  Manager 
found,  on  inspection,  to  consist  of  over  two 
hundred  thousand  dollars  worth  of  securi- 
ties ;  and,  a  little  later,  when  Wesley  Hos- 
pital was  needed,  not  only  for  the  charity 
work  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
but  also  an  adjunct  to  the  work  of  the 
Medical  School,  he  dazed  the  same  easily 
dazable  Business  Manager  by  the  oflfer 
of  fifty  thousand  dollars  for  that  purpose, 
and  property  worth  one  hundred  thousand 
dollars  for  the  future  endowment.  Yet 
this  was  not  all;  for,  when  Onarga  Semi- 
nary was  to  be  saved  from  loss  and  made 
an  affiliated  academy  of  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity, Mr.  Deering  gave  five  thousand 
dollars  to  help  that  enterprise  to  a  consum- 
mation ;  and,  again,  when  the  Tremont 
House  was  under  consideration,  his  gift 
of  twenty-five  thousand  dollars  helped  to 
acquire  that  splendid  property.  The  chapter 
of  his  gracious  deeds  on  behalf  of  the  Uni- 
versity might  be  prolonged,  but  the  histor- 
ian is  not  permitted  to  dwell  over-much  on 
the  deeds  of  living  men.  Of  the  records 
and  events  of  the  last  ten  vears — its  men 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


91 


and  its  transactions — he  feels  compelled  to 
speak  with  cautious  reserve.  But  these 
have  been  years  of  progress. 

Early  in  Dr.  Rogers'  administration,  on 
the  suggestion  of  David  Swing,  the  annual 
commencement  exercises  were  taken  to  Chi- 
cago and  held  in  the  Auditorium,  where 
an  oration  was  delivered  by  some  orator 
of  note  before  a  magnificent  assembly.  Men 
like  Theodore  Roosevelt,  Ex-Governor 
Chamberlain,  Bishops  Warren  and  Gallo- 
way, Drs.  Northrup,  Canfield,  Day  and 
Buckley  have  been  numbered  among  the 
orators,  and  thousands  of  Northwestern 
graduates  have  ascended  the  stage  and  re- 
ceived their  diplomas  at  the  hands  of  the 
President  of  the  University.  Formerly  all 
honorary  degrees  had  been  given  on  the 
recommendation  of  the  Faculty  of  the  Col- 
lege of  Liberal  Arts,  and  now  that  service 
was  rendered  by  a  University  Council,  con- 
sisting of  representatives  of  the  different 
departments,  who,  in  addition  to  this  func- 
tion, might  recommend  to  the  Trustees 
action  upon  such  matters  as  were  of  general 
University  interest. 


On  the  La  Salle  Street  property  of  the 
University  was  erected  a  building,  un- 
rivaled among  the  bank  buildings  of  the 
world,  for  the  use  of  one  of  the  strongest 
institutions  in  the  West,  and  leased  for  one 
hundred  years  at  a  rental  that  will  be  one 
of  the  principal  supports  of  the  University 
in  beneficent  work  during  that  long  period. 
It  has  improved  the  property  on  Kinzie 
Street,  Chicago,  donated  by  William  Deer- 
ing,  and  leased  it  for  fifty  years  to  a  strong 
corporation  at  a  very  satisfactory  rental. 
It  has  acquired  the  Tremont  House  at  a 
cost  of  five  hundred  thousand  dollars,  as 
the  future  home  of  the  Law  School,  the 
Dental  School  and  the  School  of  Pharmacy, 
devoting  to  these  schools  a  space  as  great  as 
that  comprised  by  any  three  of  the  buildings 
on  the  college  campus,  and  has  still  re- 
served the  old  parlor  floor  of  the  Tremont 
House  for  general  University  purposes,  of- 
fices, parlors,  alumni  headquarters,  and  a 
small  assembly  hall,  while  still  retaining 
the  first  floor  as  a  source  of  revenue. 


11 


CHAPTER    IX. 


SOME  SIDE  ISSUES 


Athletics  and  College  Societies — Wo- 
men's Educational  Associations — "The 
Settlement"  and  the  University  Guild — 
Dr.  Rogers  Resigns  the  Presidency  in 
iSqq,  and  is  Succeeded  by  Dr.  Bonbright 
as  Acting  President — A  Long  List  of 
Notable  Friends  of  the  University  Who 
Have  Passed  Away — Tribute  to  Their 
Memory — Dr.  E.  J.  James'  Tzvo  Years' 
Administration — He  is  succeeded  by  Dr. 
Abrani  W.  Harris. 

And  what  shall  we  say  of  College  Athlet- 
ics that  have  flourished  during  these  ten 
years,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  the  expected 
donor  of  a  great  gymnasium  has  not  come 
to  view  ?  The  old  "Gym."  has  done  a  noble 
work,  but  it  is  confessedly  a  back  number. 
Still,  the  students  have  made  good  use  of 
it  and  the  Athletic  Field  on  the  north  cam- 
pus has  been  the  scene  of  vigorous  sport 
and  rare  athletic  performances.  It  is  largely 
within  the  last  ten  years  that  athletic  sports 
have  formed  a  prominent  feature  in  the  life 
of  Western  colleges,  and  during  that  period, 
Northwestern  has  often  ranked  with  the 
best,  and,  even  when  defeated,  has  been 
undiscouraged ;  and,  in  the  trials  of  forensic 
and  dialectic  skill  with  the  great  institu- 
tions of  the  West,  she  has  proved  herself  a 
foeman  not  to  be  despised. 

Y.  M.  and  Y.  W-  C.  A.— Other  Societies. 
— In  the  religious  work  of  the  college,  its 


general  conduct  in  these  later  years  has  been 
in  the  hands  of  the  Young  Men's  and  the 
Young  Woman's  Christian  Associations. 
The  responsibility  has  been  largely  on  the 
students,  with  the  sympathetic  aid  of  mem- 
bers of  the  faculty.  A  house  has  been  occu- 
pied by  the  young  men  as  an  Association 
headquarters ;  secretaries  have  been  em- 
ployed, with  University  aid,  by  both  Asso- 
ciations ;  and  the  evangelistic  spirit  with 
marked  results  has  attended  both  these 
associations. 

Greek  Letter  Societies  have  taken  deep 
root  in  the  University  and  detracted  some- 
what from  the  vigor  of  the  old  debating 
societies  that  were  of  such  educational 
value  in  the  early  history  of  the  University. 
"Phi  Kappa  Psi"  was  founded  in  1864,  and 
the  "Alpha  Phi"  in  1881.  Now  there  are 
numerous  other  organizations,  with  their 
cliques  and  politics,  and  other  redeeming 
features  of  good  fellowship,  that  are  among 
the   pleasant    recollections   of   college   life. 

For  a  few  years,  beginning  in  1893,  the 
"University  Record"  was  published,  with  a 
compendium  of  information  of  interest  to 
the  alumni  and  the  public.  Professor  Cald- 
well and  Professor  Gray  were  editors,  and 
performed  their  task  well.  The  last  issue 
was  of  June,  1895.  The  scheme  will  bear 
resurrection  when  some  fit  man  with  ade- 
quate support  can  give  it  attention. 

Collateral  with  the  work  of  the  Univer- 


93 


94 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


sity,  and  springing  out  of  it,  has  been  the 
work  of  the  Woman's  Educational  Aid 
Association,  of  which,  for  many  years,  Mrs. 
J.  A.  Pearsons  has  been  President,  and  with 
whom  have  been  associated  such  elect  ladies 
as  Mrs.  Cummings,  Mrs.  Morse,  Mrs.  Gage, 
Mrs.  Townsend,  Mrs.  Clifford  and  others, 
in  an  effort  to  furnish  a  home  for  young 
women  during  their  college  life,  where  they 
can  board  cheaply,  assisting  in  the  work, 
and  yet  be  provided  with  the  comforts  and 
elegances  that  are  so  desirable  from  an 
educational  point  of  view.  With  the  aid  of 
Dr.  Pearsons  they  have  sustained  the  Col- 
lege Cottage  for  many  years,  which  has  been 
once  enlarged ;  and  now,  by  the  timely  gift 
of  thirty  thousand  dollars  from  the  same 
philanthropic  source,  they  have  under  their 
charge  the  new  Chapin  Hall,  which  was 
dedicated  in  the  fall  of  1901  by  its  generous 
donor,  and  where  sixty  young  women  are 
housed  as  a  happy  family  in  elegance  and 
comfort. 

Another  collateral  institution  has  been 
that  of  "The  Settlement,"  started  and  pre- 
sided over  during  her  presence  in  Evanston 
by  Mrs.  Henry  Wade  Rogers,  to  minister, 
as  such  institutions  do,  to  the  life  of  the 
neglected  poor  in  the  Northwestern  section 
of  Chicago.  There  University  graduates 
are  in  residence  and  University  students 
help  to  carry  on  the  various  forms  of  life 
and  service  peculiar  to  the  settlement.  To 
carry  on  this  work  and  erect  their  com- 
modious building,  Mr.  Milton  Wilson  gave 
the  munificent  sum  of  twenty-five  thousand 
dollars,  and  the  finished  structure — with 
its  perfect  appointments,  the  property  of 
Northwestern  University — stands  as  a  mon- 
ument of  his  interest  in  the  welfare  of  his 
fellowmen. 

Another  collateral  institution  founded  by 
Mrs.  Rogers  was  the  University  Guild,  an 
association  of  women  whose  pursuit  has 
been  culture,  and  who,  in  a  few  years,  have 


gathered  together  a  beautiful  collection  of 
art  treasures  which  are  deposited  in  Lunt 
Library.  These  are  now  the  property  of  the 
University,  and  may  serve  as  the  nucleus 
of  an  Art  Museum,  when  these  treasures, 
and  those  which  Dr.  Marcy  gathered  dur- 
ing his  long  career,  are  fitly  housed. 

Resignation  of  President  Rogers. — 
In  1899  Dr.  Rogers  resigned  the  Presi- 
dency of  the  University  and  returned  to  a 
law  professorship  at  Yale  University,  and 
Dr.  Bonbright  was  persuaded  to  take  up  the 
Acting  Presidency  during  a  brief  inter- 
regnum, while  the  quest  for  a  new  presi- 
dent went  on.  The  period  ended  in  January, 
1902.  It  is  not  often  in  American  life  that 
a  man  is  planted  in  a  community  to  grow 
as  a  tree  grows,  from  the  sapling  period 
to  the  period  of  advanced  maturity,  be- 
coming a  landmark  and  a  source  of  benefit 
to  all  passers-by.  But  all  this  is  true  of  the 
Professor  of  Latin,  Acting  President  of 
Northwestern  University.  Seized  upon  as 
a  stripling  tutor,  rounded  out  in  culture  and 
methods  by  foreign  study  and  observation, 
he  has  spent  an  ordinary  lifetime  in  his 
chair ;  devoted  as  a  lover  to  a  single  love ; 
doing  his  part  with  a  wisdom,  thoroughness 
and  grace  that  has  left  nothing  to  be  desired 
as  a  teacher,  gentleman,  friend  and  inspirer 
of  youth. 

From  the  very  first  date  of  graduations  at 
Evanston  he  has  seen  the  stream  of  students 
go  by ;  has  known  them  all  and  taken  a 
place  in  their  memories  as  an  integral  part 
of  their  culture,  their  character  and  ideals. 
He  has  noted  every  step  of  progress,  every 
movement  of  whatever  sort  that  has  gone  to 
make  up  the  traditions  of  Northwestern 
University,  so  that  his  were  safe  hands  in 
which  to  entrust  for  any  length  of  time 
the  discipline,  the  growth,  the  care  of  the 
institution,  with  the  assurance  that  the  ad- 
ministration would  be  without  caprice  or 
doubtful  experiment.    Eager  to  escape  pub- 


PRESIDENT  ROOSEVEI/fS  MSIT  IX  1 


403 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


95 


licity  and  diffident  under  public  gaze,  he 
took  up  his  pubHc  cares  with  the  easy  grace 
of  one  born  to  the  purple ;  and,  when  pub- 
lic utterance  was  needed,  he  spoke  with  the 
charm  of  one  accustomed  to  public  address, 
with  a  play  of  fancy  and  with  such  aptness 
of  illustration  and  vigorous  marshalling  of 
ideas,  that  we  were  made  to  wonder  that 
these  talents  had  been  so  long  concealed. 
With  all  the  honors  that  Northwestern 
could  confer  upon  him,  after  the  term  of  his 
Acting  Presidency,  he  quietly  returned  to 
his  class-room  to  preside  with  the  same  sim- 
ple dignity  as  of  old,  as  if  nothing  unusual 
had  happened  in  his  career. 

Passing  Away  of  University  Founders. 
— The  past  ten  years  has  been  a  time  of 
harvesting  of  the  ripened  grain  among  the 
surviving  toilers  in  the  early  years  of  Uni- 
versity history.  John  Evans,  the  first  Presi- 
dent of  the  Board,  at  a  ripe  old  age  passed 
away  in  the  distant  State  of  Colorado,  of 
which  he  had  been  Governor,  and  where  he 
displayed  the  same  enterprise  and  leader- 
ship in  affairs  that  characterized  him  in 
Chicago  and  Evanston.  He  had  been  one 
of  the  University's  chief  benefactors,  and  at 
a  time  when  gifts  were  most  acceptable. 
Two  principal  professorships  were  named  in 
his  honor;  and  while  he  was  in  Evanston, 
the  weight  of  his  judgment  was  well-nigh 
preponderating  in  University  counsels.  He 
aided  in  founding  another  university  in 
Denver,  but  the  University  at  Evanston  was 
the  child  of  his  youth  and  the  pride  of  his 
old  age. 

J.  K.  Botsford,  too,  passed  away  in  this 
decade — the  quiet  hardware  merchant  on 
Lake  Street,  over  whose  store  the  meeting 
was  held  that  launched  the  infant  Univer- 
sity. An  unobtrusive  man  who  built  up  a 
good  competence  in  honorable  trade ;  who 
loved  the  Church  and  all  her  enterprises ; 
who  talked  little  and  thought  much ;  who 
sat  quietly   in  Trustee  meetings,   made  no 


long  speeches,  and  always  voted  right.  He 
was  the  soul  of  honor,  a  good  man  for 
Treasurer  and  serviceable  in  any  situation 
that  required  prompt  action,  integrity  and 
discreetness. 

J.  G.  Hamilton  was  another  of  the  old- 
time  Trustees  whose  name  was  added  to  the 
death  roll :  Treasurer,  Agent,  Secretary  of 
the  Board,  a  prosperous  and  useful  man  in 
his  time — so  useful  that,  when  misfortune 
and  feebleness  seized  upon  him,  and  he  was 
left  alone  in  the  world  and  without  re- 
sources, his  fellow  Trustees  pensioned  him, 
and  gave  him  the  honorable  consideration 
that  was  due  to  the  valuable  and  unselfish 
service  he  had  rendered  to  the  cause  of 
education. 

Richard  Haney  was  another  who  came  to 
the  councils  of  the  Trustees  with  each  re- 
curring year,  till  he  could  come  no  longer. 
A  giant  in  stature,  with  the  heart  of  a  child 
— under  his  eye  the  institution  had  grown 
for  nearly  fifty  years.  Children  whom  he  had 
baptized  in  infancy  were  filling  important 
chairs  in  the  University  and,  like  a  fond 
father,  he  smiled  with  joyful  benignity  upon 
the  large  heritage  that  had  come  to  him  and 
his  comrades,  most  of  whom  had  gone  be- 
fore him  to  their  reward.  It  was  one  of 
the  features  of  the  Trustee  meetings  of 
later  years  to  listen  to  his  opening  prayer — 
for  that  was  his  assigned  part — and,  when 
the  meeting  closed,  it  was  with  his  benedic- 
tion and  with  a  farewell  word  that  spoke  of 
the  joy  of  his  heart  over  what  God  had 
wrought  at  the  hands  of  his  servants,  and 
the  assurance  to  his  brethren  that  he  could 
not  expect  to  meet  with  them  often  in  the 
future,  perhaps  never.  He  was  waiting  daily 
for  his  summons  to  ascend.  Such  incidents 
pertain  to  a  distinctly  Christian  institution. 
They  lift  the  business  side  of  education  out 
of  the  region  of  ordinary  business,  and  in- 
spire those  who  toil  therein  with  the  thought 
that  they  are  doing  a  God-like  work  in  the 


NORTHWESTERN   UNIVERSITY 


96 

world  that  will  beget  sweet  memories,  such 
as  kindled  in  the  heart  of  the  old  founder 
when  he  looked  back  on.  his  own  labors  and 
saw  the  work  still  going  on,  larger  in  vol- 
ume and  with  a  far-reaching  influence  such 
as  he  had  never  drea^med  it  would  attain. 
Then,    too,    Orrington    Lunt,    who    suc- 
ceeded to  John  Evans  as  President  of  the 
Board,  was  another  of  the  surviving  group 
of  founders  that  passed  away,  than  whom 
no  single  man  connected  with  the  institution 
had  given   to  the  University  more   of  his 
thought  and  attention,  or  sacrificed  more  for 
it.      The   library    was   his   darling   project, 
and   to   it,    as    already   noted,   he   gave   an 
endowment  and  a  building.     Without  Or- 
rington Lunt,  we  cannot  say  what  would 
have  been  done;    but  true   it   is,  that  the 
Trustees  took  no  step  in  which  he  did  not 
actively   participate.     No   important   com- 
mittee was  complete  without  him.    No  dif- 
ficult negotiation  could  be  carried  on  with- 
out his  help.     Wise,  forceful,  gentle,  de- 
voted as  he  was,  his  colleagues  caught  his 
spirit  and  were  braced  by  his  example  to  a 
like  fidelity  and  devotion.     When  disease 
prevented  his  meeting  with  them,  they  took 
their  meetings  to  his  home ;   and  when  the 
end  came  he  summoned  them,  one  by  one, 
to  a  sunny  farewell.    He  loved  them  in  the 
bonds  of  a  common  labor  of  love.    Verily, 
when  wc  speak  of  the  endowment  of  the 
University,  though  the  things  that  might 
seem    most    important    may    be    lands    and 
buildings  and  securities,  wt  must  not  over- 
look, among  its  chief  assets,  the  undying  in- 
vestment of  the  prayers,  and  love  and  labor 
of  such  choice  spirits  as  are  reckoned  among 
the  men   whose  names  adorn  our  history, 
among  whom  there  was  no  whiter  soul  than 
Orrington  Lunt. 

Then  there  was  another  Trustee,  who 
does  not  rank  with  the  founders,  but  who 
took  his  place  naturally  among  the  later 
Trustees  who  efficiently  labored  in  the  up- 


building of  the  institution— Robert  M.  Hat- 
field. In  his  time,  a  peerless  pulpit  orator, 
with  a  diction  unsurpassed,  an  intensity  and 
fervor  that  enthralled  and  possessed  men, 
and  a  maste.y  of  scorn  and  invective  that 
was  a  terror  to  all  shams,  injustice  and  de- 
ceit, his  forceful  speech  and  influence  meant 
much  for  the  University  endowment. 

And  there  was  David  R.  Dyche,  who 
could  drop  his  business  cares  any  time  to 
talk  and  plan  for  the  University's  good; 
who  carried  the  burden  of  the  four-mile 
limit  on  his  heart ;  who  gave  generously  of 
his  substance,  as  of  his  time  and  influence, 
and  by  his  wisdom  and  his  gentleness  helped 
on  the  march  of  progress. 

And  in  March,  1899,  Oliver  Marcy,  the 
grand   old   man    who   had   been   connected 
with  the  University  for  nearly  forty  years, 
finished  his  work.    He  had  been  twice  Act- 
ing   President;    had    taught    an    immense 
range  of  subjects,  and  had  become  the  most 
striking  figure  in  connection  with  the  in- 
stitution.   He  did  not  grow  old.    His  body 
failed,   but   his   keen    intellect    retained    its 
edge;    his   love   for  the  things   of  nature 
never  failed ;  he  wrought  to  the  last  in  his 
dear  museum,  fondling  his  specimens  as  of 
old.     They   spoke  to  him   of  the   mighty 
universe  of  which  they  were  a  part.     They 
disclosed    chapters   of   flood   and   fire   that 
ordinary  vision  could  not  see  in  them,  and 
which    he    delighted   to   reveal   to   any    in- 
terested listener.     His  daily  walk  made  us 
love  him  and  the  things  he  loved.     It  spoke 
to  us  of  duty  and  devotion  and  joy  in  learn- 
ing.   He  was  called  of  God  to  be  an  educa- 
tor, and  he  fulfilled  his  calling.     His  career 
is  a  part  of  the  University's  richest  endow- 
ment. 

Julius  F.  Kellogg,  too,  long  time  Profes- 
sor of  Mathematics,  faded  away  in  this  de- 
cade, and  was  borne  to  rest  by  the  loving 
hands  of  his  old  comrades,  who  knew  him 
as  a  thorough  mathematician,  an  excellent 


II 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


97 


teacher  and  a  simple  hearted  Christian. 
But  I  have  played  the  role  of  Old  Mortality 
long  enough.  These,  and  others  of  similar 
spirit,  have  served  the  University  well,  have 
^one  to  their  reward  and  others  have  taken 
up  their  work. 

It  would  be  difficult  to  reach  an  exact 
statement  of  the  number  of  young  men  and 
women  who  have  shared  the  educational 
opportunities  furnished  by  the  University 
since  its  organization.  Like  a  stream  rising 
in  the  mountains — a  rivulet  at  first,  then  a 
river,  with  increasing  tributaries  and  en- 
larging volume — so  the  stream  of  students 
has  enlarged,  from  ten  in  number  in  1855, 
to  nearly  three  thousand  in  1901.  Very 
many,  of  course,  have  attended  the  insti- 
tution for  a  longer  or  a  shorter  course  with- 
out graduating.  Of  those  who  have  grad- 
uated, fifteen  hundred  have  been  from  the 
College  of  Liberal  Arts ;  eighteen  hundred 
and  forty-four  from  the  Medical  School ; 
five  hundred  and  fifty-nine  from  the 
Woman's  Medical  School ;  eleven  hundred 
and  eighty-six  from  the  School  of  Phar- 
macy ;  sixteen  hundred  and  five  from  the 
Law  School ;  and  fifteen  hundred  and  thirty- 
one  from  the  Dental  School — in  all,  eight 
thousand,  two  hundred  and  twenty-five  men 
and  women,  who  have  given  a  good  account 
of  themselves  in  the  varied  walks  in  life, 
and  some  of  whom  have  attained  to  conspic- 
uous positions  and  shed  luster  on  their  Alma 
Mater. 

College  Administration  of  Today. — 
Little  has  been  said  of  the  labors  of  living 
men  in  connection  with  the  history  of  the 
University,  either  in  the  faculty  or  the  board 
of  government.  This  much  ought  to  be 
stated,  however :  that  the  body  of  teachers 
in  the  College  of  Liberal  Arts  are  a  de- 
voted, harmonious  body  of  men  and  women, 
devoted  chiefly  to  under-graduate  work,  and 
are  hence  confined  largely  to  the  work  of 
instruction,  though  they  do  find  time,  now 


and  then,  to  publish  a  volume  in  connection 
with  their  various  specialties. 

In  the  large  faculty  of  the  College  nearly 
every  study  that  would  be  selected  as  a 
culture  study  is  represented  by  a  specialist 
who  knows  his  work ;  and,  when  they  meet 
"in  faculty  assembled,"  according  to  the 
phrase  adopted  from  Professor  Godman  of 
an  early  date,  they  are  a  distinguished  body 
of  men  and  women,  keen  in  debate,  deferen- 
tial to  each  other,  and  with  a  single  eye  to 
the  interests  ot  the  youth  committed  to  their 
care. 

And  it  is  with  unusual  restraint  that  I 
refrain  from  writing  of  the  labors  of  the 
men  who  have  cared  for  the  material  in- 
terests of  the  institution,  and  who  still  carry 
on  that  work ;  men  as  conspicuous,  able  and 
devoted  as  any  who  have  toiled  in  former 
generations,  and  who  have  finished  their 
work  and  gone  to  their  reward.  When  Or- 
rington  Lunt  ascended,  William  Deering 
took  his  place  as  primus  inter  pares,  ad- 
ministering his  office  with  a  dignity  and  dis- 
creetness that  commends  him  to  the  con- 
fidence and  affection  of  his  colleagues,  and 
with  such  a  knowledge  of  the  situation,  such 
solicitude  for  progress,  and  such  generous 
liberality  as  to  constitute  him  easily  the 
chief  patron  in  our  history.  Beside  him 
are  eminent  men  who  take  up  his  work  when 
absence  or  illness  interferes. 

And  the  able  Secretary  and  Auditor, 
Frank  P.  Crandon,  who  has  carried  for- 
ward the  work  of  the  secretaryship  since 
J.  G.  Hamilton  laid  down  his  pen,  has  put 
the  University  under  a  debt  of  obligation 
for  service  which  it  can  never  adequately 
reward.  The  volume  of  University  busi- 
ness has  become  so  great  and  its  tran- 
sactions so  important — all  of  which  pass 
through  a  central  office  and  must  be  scru- 
tinized from  week  to  week — that  it  makes 
demands  upon  this  officer  that  few  appre- 
ciate as  do  those  nearest  his  work,  but  to 


98 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


which  he  addresses  himself  with  a  constancy 
and  painstaking  fidelity  that  are  beyond 
praise.  I  have  referred  to  endowments  that 
are  not  expressed  in  lands  and  buildings  or 
notes  of  hand ;  such  labors  as  his  enter  into 
this  list,  and  swell  the  wealth  of  the  favored 
institution  that  has  commanded  such  ser- 
vices as  his  without  fee  or  reward. 

The  Executive  Committee  are  busy  men 
of  large  private  interests,  but  they  are  al- 
ways about  the  Trustees'  table  when  called ; 
and  they  are  regularly  and  irregularly 
called,  and,  without  haste  and  after  full 
discussion,  they  give  all  the  time  that  is 
needful,  in  committee  and  out  of  committee, 
to  carrying  on  their  trust,  with  generous 
gifts  of  valuable  time  and  other  resources 
as  they  are  able. 

Dr.  James  Two  Years'  Administration. 
— From  small  beginnings,  by  careful  man- 
agement and  timely  benefactions,  the  Uni- 
versity has  acquired  a  property  conserva- 
tively valued  at  six  million  dollars,  and  has 
done  its  work  for  fifty  years  with  increasing 
vigor  and  enlargement  as  the  years  have 
advanced.  In  the  summer  of  1902,  Dr. 
Edmund  J.  James  was  selected  to  fill  the 
vacant  Presidency,  and  for  two  years  car- 
ried on  the  work  with  great  vigor  and 
promise,  infusing  fresh  life  into  all  depart- 
ments of  the  institution.  But  in  1904,  the 
claims  of  the  Illinois  State  University  upon 
him  were  too  strong  for  him  to  resist,  and 
he  resigned  to  be  succeeded  by  Prof. 
Thomas  F.  Holgate,  as  Acting  President. 


The  service  of  Professor  Holgate  as  Dean 
of  the  College  of  Liberal  Arts  has  fitted  him 
well  for  the  duties  that  have  been  thrust 
upon  him,  while  his  familiarity  with  the 
history  and  traditions  of  the  University 
justify  the  belief  that,  under  his  guiding 
hand,  the  institution  will  maintain  its  steady 
and  healthy  progress,  growing  as  the  tree 
grows,  nourished  by  the  kindly  care  of  the 
men  and  women  who  stand  forth  as  its  rep- 
resentatives— its  Trustees,  its  Professors, 
its  Alumni,  and  the  great  Church  in  whose 
name  it  was  founded,  and  whose  zeal  for 
Christian  culture  it  expresses. 

The  University  Finds  a  New  President 
— On  February  1,  1906,  the  Trustees  of 
Northwestern  University  closed  their 
long  quest  for  a  successor  to  President 
James,  by  the  election  of  Abram  W. 
Harris,  LL.D.,  of  Tome  Institute,  Mary- 
land, to  the  Presidency.  Dr.  Harris  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  November  7,  18.58, 
graduated  from  the  Wesleyan  University, 
at  Middletown,  Conn.,  in  1880,  and  has 
followed  an  educational  career  since  that 
time,  except  for  a  few  years  when  he  was 
in  government  service.  His  experience 
in  University  work  and  the  secondary 
schools  gives  promise  of  great  usefulness 
in  his  new  field.  His  term  of  service  was 
designated  to  commence  July  1,  1906,  vm- 
til  which  time  the  interests  of  the  Univer- 
sity are  presided  over  by  Acting  President 
Holgate,  who  has  borne  well  the  burdens 
and  responsibilities  of  his  office  for  near- 
ly two  years  past. 


CHAPTER  X. 


NORTHWESTERN  UNIVERSITY  MEDICAL  SCHOOL 

(By  N.  S.  DAVIS,  JR..  A.  M..  M.  D.) 


Object  of  its  Organisation — Early  Condi- 
tions and  Methods  of  Medical  Education 
—Dr.  N.  S.  Daz'is  Begins  the  Agitation  for 
Graded  Instruction  and  Longer  Courses 
— Liiui  Unii'crsity  Establisltcd  in  iS^Q — 
Institution  atfilia'ted  zvith  Northwestern 
University  in  i86g — Changes  of  Name 
and  Location — Growth,  Present  Condi- 
tions and  Methods  of  Instruction — South 
Side  Free  Dispensary — Hospitals:  Mercy, 
Wesley,  St.  Luke's  and  Provident — 
Clinical  and  other  Advantages — Influence 
of  the  Founders  of  the  School  Shown  in 
its  Groivth  and  Character  of  its  Grad- 
uates— Positions  Won  by  its  Alumni. 

Northwestern  L^niversity  ]\Iedical  School 
was  founded  to  demonstrate  the  practica- 
biHty  of  what  were  admitted  to  be  good 
methods  of  teaching  the  art  and  science  of 
medicine.  So  long  as  this  country  was 
sparsely  settled  and  means  of  rapid  transit 
were  wanting,  it  was  difficult  for  physicians 
educated  abroad  to  find  communities  of  suf- 
ficient size  or  of  such  character  as  to  tempt 
them  to  settle  here.  It  was  equally  difficult 
for  those  of  our  own  people  inclined  to  study 
medicine  to  obtain  suitable  opportunities. 
For  many  years  most  practitioners  of  med- 
icine received  their  training  from  others 
to  whom  they  were  apprenticed.  For  half 
a  century  after  the  Revolutionary  War  the 
medical    colleges,    which    were    established, 


were  regarded  as  not  essential  to  the  mak- 
ing of  physicians  and  surgeons,  but  as  use- 
ful places  for  the  review  of  studies  pursued 
under  a  preceptor  and  for  the  prosecution 
of  practical  studies  in  anatomy.  The  annual 
course  in  these  schools  was  from  four  to 
five  months  in  duration.  During  this  time 
all  the  students  attended  all  the  lectures. 
These  courses  they  repeated  a  second  year, 
when  they  were  granted  a  diploma.  It  is 
evident  that  such  schools  in  no  sense  sup- 
planted the  work  of  preceptors  or  general 
practitioners  who  received  apprentices,  but 
supplemented  it.  The  colleges  contained  no 
laboratories,  and  few  were  connected  with 
hospitals  or  attempted  clinical  teaching. 
During  the  next  twenty-five  years  a  gradual 
evolution  took  place ;  clinics  were  estab- 
lished in  most  schools  and  a  better  quality 
of  teaching  was  done.  By  both  practition- 
ers and  laymen  colleges  were  regarded  as 
of  more  importance  for  the  acquisition  of 
the  knowledge  which  medical  men  must 
have. 

In  the  second  decade  of  the  last  century 
Dr.  N.  S.  Davis  began  to  agitate  the  need 
of  graded  instruction  in  medical  schools 
and  of  longer  courses.  This  he  did  in  med- 
ical societies  and  by  writing  a  small  treatise 
upon  medical  education.  Later,  in  order  to 
further  this  end,  he  induced  the  leading 
teachers  and  practitioners  of  various  States 
to  assemble  to  form  a  National  Medical  So- 


99 


100 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


ciety.  He  hoped  that,  by  agitating  the  sub- 
ject in  such  a  body,  reforms  might  be  in- 
augurated simultaneously  in  all  the  States. 
Although  medical  societies  by  numerous 
resolutions  urged  such  reforms  upon  the 
colleges,  they  were  not  made.  In  1859  a 
group  of  men,  most  of  whom  had  been 
teachers  in  Rush  College,  Chicago,  estab- 
lished a  new  school  in  that  city,  which  was 
to  demonstrate  the  feasibility  of  some  of 
these  long-needed  reforms.  Minimum  re- 
quirements for  entrance  to  the  school  were 
made ;  three  years  of  study,  at  least  two  of 
which  must  have  been  in  a  medical  college, 
were  demanded  for  graduation,  and  the 
studies  were  graded  so  that  the  most  ele- 
mentary were  taught  first  and  the  others 
followed  in  logical  order.  Clinical  teaching 
was  made  a  prominent  feature  of  the  in- 
struction from  the  beginning.  Surprising 
as  it  seems,  considering  the  evident  need  of 
these  changes,  it  was  nearly  ten  years  before 
any  other  college  in  the  country  followed  its 
example,  and  many  more  before  it  was 
followed  by  all. 

Originally  this  college  was  not  a  depart- 
ment of  Northwestern  University.  In  1859 
Lind  University  was  established  and  Doc- 
tors Hosmer  A.  Johnson,  David  Rutter, 
Edmund  Andrews,  and  Ralph  Isham  or- 
ganized a  medical  department  of  it.  N.  S. 
Davis,  William  H.  Byford  and  numerous 
other  leading  physicians  of  this  small  city 
were  invited  to  form  its  faculty.  Li-id  Uni- 
versity soon  went  out  of  existence  for  want 
of  sufficient  financial  support,  but  the  med- 
ical school  was  re-organized  under  a  charter 
of  its  own  and  was  called  Chicago  Medical 
College.  Under  this  name  it  made  a  per- 
manent reputation.  In  1869  it  was  affiliated 
with  Northwestern  University,  because  it 
was  thought  that  a  university  connection 
would  enable  it  to  stimulate  students  to  pre- 
pare better  for  college  and  to  maintain  a 
higher  grade   of   instruction   itself.      From 


tbis  time  until  1890  the  institution  was 
known  as  "Chicago  Medical  College" — the 
Medical  Department  of  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity. I  In  the  latter  year  a  close  union 
with  the  University  was  effected,  and  the 
name  was  again  changed,  this  time  to 
Northwestern  University  Medical  School. 

With  each  of  these  changes  of  title  a 
change  of  location  was  made.  Originally 
the  college  was  housed  in  the  Lind  Block 
in  the  heart  of  the  city ;  later  it  moved  into 
a  building  of  its  own  on  State  Street  near 
Twenty-second.  In  1870  it  was  compelled 
to  move,  as  its  home  was  destroyed  in  the 
process  of  widening  State  Street.  It  then 
built  anew  at  the  corner  of  Twenty-sixth 
and  Prairie  Avenue,  immediately  adjoin- 
ing Mercy  Hospital.  Here  it  remained 
twenty  years ;  but  the  growth  of  the  hos- 
pital in  time  necessitated  abandonment  of 
this  site.  New  and  entirely  modern  build- 
ings were  constructed  for  its  accommoda- 
tion in  1890  on  Dearborn  Street,  between 
Twenty-fourth  and  Twenty-fifth  Streets ; 
and,  in  1901,  Wesley  Hospital  was  built 
beside  it. 

■While  in  material  possessions  the  insti- 
tution has  grown,  it  has  also  steadily  ad- 
vanced, and  even  led,  in  most  of  the  re- 
forms in  teaching  which  have  taken  place. 
In  1868  it  demanded  attendance  upon  three 
annual  courses  of  instruction  in  the  college 
for  graduation,  and  lengthened  each  course 
to  six  months.  By  1870  the  number  of  de- 
partments of  instruction  had  been  increased 
from  eleven  to  thirteen,  and,  during  the 
next  twenty  years,  to  eighteen.  In  1890 
the  annual  term  was  lengthened  to  seven 
months,  and  four  years  of  study  in  college 
were  required  for  graduation.  For  several 
years  before  these  changes  were  made  a 
fourth  year  was  offered  but  not  required. 
In  1894  the  annual  term  was  made  eight 
months.  In  1892  Latin  and  physics  were 
added    to   the    entrance    requirements    and, 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


lOI 


three  years  later,  algebra,  and  in  i8y6  sev- 
eral other  branches  of  a  high  school  course. 
A  year  later  the  requirements  for  entrance 
to  the  medical  school  were  made  the  same  as 
those  of  the  College  of  Liberal  Arts. 

Laboratory  and  clinical  teaching  were 
conspicuous  elements  of  instruction  from 
the  inception  of  this  college.  When  it  was 
established,  the  only  laboratory  teaching 
done  in  medical  schools  was  in  chemistry 
and  anatomy.  Some  years  later  a  labora- 
tory of  histology  was  opened.  In  1886  lab- 
oratory instruction  was  given  to  all  students 
in  pathology.  Bacteriology  was  taught  for 
several  years  as  an  optional  study,  but  work 
was  required  of  all  students  in  the  bacterio- 
logical laboratory  in  1891.  In  1894  lab- 
oratories of  experimental  physiology  and 
pharmacology  were  opened,  although  for 
several  years  prior  to  this,  instruction  had 
been  given  in  physiological  chemistry ;  still 
more  recently  those  of  clinical  pathology 
were  established.  This  kind  of  practical 
teaching  has  so  grown  that  it  now  consti- 
tutes the  largest  part  of  the  work  done  by 
students  in  their  first  two  years  of  medical 
study.  The  development  of  this  kind  of 
teaching,  which  is  largely  individual,  has 
necessitated  the  employment  of  numerous 
teachers  who  devote  their  entire  time  to  the 
school.  In  the  earlier  history  of  this  insti- 
tution, these  branches  were  taught  by  prac- 
titioners of  medicine  who  devoted  only  a 
few  hours  per  week  to  the  work,  a  practice 
which  is  still  continued  by  many  colleges. 

Clinical  teaching  bears  to  the  studies  of 
the  last  two  years  the  same  relationship  that 
laboratory  teaching  does  to  the  first.  It 
practically  illustrates  all  instruction  in  the 
various  departments  of  medicine,  surgery 
and  the  specialties,  and  brings  students  in 
personal  contact  with  patients  and  teacher. 
As  laboratories  have  multiplied  so  have 
clinics,  and  in  each  the  amount  of  teaching 
has  been  increased  and  improved.     A  few 


clinics  are  introduced  into  the  second  year 
course  to  illustrate  methods  of  examina- 
tion, a  subject  taught  at  that  time  in  order 
to  prepare  students  for  the  study  of  disease 
which  completely  occupies  their  attention 
during  the  junior  and  senior  years.  The 
senior  year  is  given  up  almost  exclusively 
to  clinical  teaching.  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity offers  its  students  much  more  clinical 
instruction  than  most  other  schools  do,  and 
especially  a  large  amount  of  bedside  instruc- 
tion to  small  groups  of  them.  The  clinical 
laboratory  enables  students  to  apply  all 
kinds  of  scientific  methods  of  research  to 
the  examination  of  patients.  In  it  they 
make  blood  examinations,  sputa  examina- 
tions and  analyze  the  other  secretions  and 
excretions  of  the  body.  The  aim  of  this 
school  is  not  simply  to  aflford  students  an 
opportunity  to  learn  what  is  known  of  dis- 
ease, but  to  become  intimately  acquainted 
with  it  by  contact  with  patients,  to  obtain 
experience  by  watching  the  course  of  dis- 
ease and  the  effect  of  remedial  procedures. 
The  unusual  clinical  facilities  of  this  col- 
lege are  made  possible  by  the  South  Side 
Free  Dispensary— which  is  in  Davis  Hall, 
one  of  the  University  buildings — by  Mercy 
Hospital,  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  and  by  Wes- 
ley and  Provident  Hospitals.  These  hospi- 
tals together  accommodate  from  eight  hun- 
dred to  one  thousand  patients.  In  the  South 
Side  Free  Dispensary  twenty-five  thousand 
patients  are  prescribed  for  annually,  and  are 
treated,  in  many  cases,  by  the  best  physi- 
cians, surgeons  and  specialists  of  the  city. 
Rooms  are  arranged  for  the  proper  ex- 
amination and  care  of  eye  and  ear,  nose  and 
throat,  gynecological,  skin,  nervous,  surgi- 
cal and  medical  cases,  as  well  as  of  children. 
Trained  nurses  assist  in  several  of  these  de- 
partments. This  dispensary  is  not  only  an 
important  educational  institution,  but  one 
of  the  best  philanthropies  in  Chicago. 
Davis    Hall,    in    which    the    dispensary    is 


102 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


housed,  was  constructed  for  its  accommo- 
dation. The  building  is  a  well  planned  and 
commodious  out-patient  hospital. 

Mercy  Hospital,  which  is  the  oldest  and 
one  of  the  largest  public  hospitals  in  the 
city,  has  been  intimately  associated  with 
this  school  ever  since  its  founding.  The 
hospital  consists  of  a  series  of  buildings, 
with  a  total  length  of  six  hundred  feet. 
It  is  located  on  the  corner  of  Twenty-sixth 
Street  and  Calumet  Avenue,  and  covers 
nearly  half  a  block  of  land.  It  owns  prop- 
erty adjoining  its  present  buildings,  which 
will  enable  it  to  grow  and  ultimately  to 
cover  nearly  a  square  of  land.  A  part  of 
this  vacant  property  is  an  attractive  garden, 
which  is  much  frequented  by  convalescent 
patients  during  the  summer. 

There  has  recently  been  completed  an  ad- 
dition to  the  hospital  devoted  to  a  large  oper- 
ating and  clinic  hall,  which  will  accommo- 
date four  hundred  students.  This  is  one  of 
the  most  attractive  and  perfect  operating 
rooms  in  the  city.  In  connection  with  this 
are  numerous  small  rooms  for  private  opera- 
tions, for  the  care  of  instruments  and  sur- 
gical supplies,  for  preparing  patients  and 
for  preparing  operators  and  their  assistants. 
These  rooms  are  of  the  most  modern  and 
approved  construction  and  contain  t^he 
best  equipment  known. 

Mercy  Hospital  has  also  one  of  the  best 
training  schools  for  nurses  in  the  city.  In- 
struction and  training  is  given  them  in  the 
hospital  by  the  staff,  as  well  as  by  regular 
teachers  devoting  their  time  to  the  school. 

The  attending  staff  of  physicians  and 
surgeons  is  selected  from  the  Faculty  of 
Northwestern  University  Medical  School. 
Eight  resident  physicians  and  surgeons  are 
chosen  annually  from  the  graduating  class 
of  the  college,  and  serve  for  eighteen 
months  in  the  hospital.  During  the  college 
year  from  one  to  four  clinics  are  given 
daily  in  this  institution. 


The  most  notable  recent  addition  to  the 
equipment  of  the  ]\Iedical  School  is  Wesley 
Hospital.  It  is  located  beside  the  college 
building,  and  is  connected  with  Davis  Hall 
by  an  enclosed  bridge.  Neither  expense  nor 
time  has  been  spared  to  make  this  one  of  the 
best  equipped  hospitals  in  the  world.  It  is 
the  last  built  in  Chicago  and  contains  all  of 
the  newest  improvements  in  hospital  con- 
struction. 

With  its  laboratories  for  sterilizing  and 
preparing  dressings  and  instruments,  its 
amphitheatre,  its  clinical  and  pathological 
laboratories,  drug-room  and  morgue ;  with 
its  sun-baths  and  suites  of  private  rooms, 
and  with  its  commodious,  light  and  well 
ventilated  wards,  this  institution  would  seem 
to  have  reached  the  highest  inark  in  hospital 
construction  and  equipment.  The  staff  of 
this  hospital  is  also  selected  from  the  faculty 
of  the  college.  Four  resident  physicians 
and  surgeons  are  chosen  annually  from  the 
graduating  class.  It  also  has  an  excellent 
training  school  for  nurses. 

The  instruction  given  to  the  students 
in  Wesley  Hospital  makes  a  very  important 
portion  of  their  clinical  course.  This  is 
naturally  consequent  upon  the  close  relation 
of  the  two  institutions — the  hospital  stand- 
ing beside  the  College  Building  and  con- 
nected with  it  by  corridors. 

St.  Luke's  Hospital  is  situated  on  Indiana 
Avenue,  near  Fourteenth  street.  Owing  to 
its  central  location,  it  receives  a  large  num- 
ber of  accident  cases,  and  its  surgical  clinic 
is,  consequently,  an  extensive  one.  Clinics 
are  given  regularly  in  Medicine,  Nervous 
Diseases,  Surgery,  Gynecology,  and  Diseases 
of  the  Eye  and  Ear.  The  clinics  and  autop- 
sies of  St.  Luke's  Hospital  are  attended 
principally  by  the  third  year  students. 

Provident  Hospital,  located  at  the  corner 
of  Thirty-sixth  and  Dearborn  streets,  has 
recently  been  much  enlarged.  Besides  its 
loo  beds,  which  can  accommodate  800  to 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


103 


1,000  patients  annually,  there  is  a  large  dis- 
pensary in  which  about  6,000  ambulatory 
patients  receive  treatment  each  year. 

The  students  of  the  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity Medical  School  have  an  opportunity 
to  attend  clinics  by  the  Medical  Staff  and 
operations  by  the  Surgical  Staff,  and  are 
assigned,  in  small  classes,  to  ward  visits  in 
Surgery  and  Gynecology. 

The  college  possesses,  in  addition  to  the 
equipment  of  its  laboratories  and  clinics, 
a  fine  collection  of  pathological  and  anatom- 
ical specimens.  Its  present  museum  is 
crowded  and  more  space  is  needed.  It  also 
has  an  excellent  reference  library,  which 
is  in  constant  use  by  the  students.  This  is 
in  charge  of  a  librarian  who  devotes  her  en- 
tire time  to  it. 


The  inspiration  which  its  founders  gave 
thii  school,  to  maintain  in  it  the  most  thor- 
ough and  complete  instruction  possible,  has 
never  been  lost.  Its  success  is  shown  by  its 
growth  and,  best  of  all,  by  the  character  of 
its  graduates.  For  a  number  of  years  past 
from  one-third  to  one-half  of  each  grad- 
uating class  has  received  hospital  appoint- 
ments, in  which  they  obtain  from  a  year  to 
eighteen  months  of  practical  post-graduate 
training.  Many  of  its  alumni  are  filling  im- 
portant professorships  in  colleges  from  the 
Atlantic  to  the  Pacific  coasts.  They  are 
found  leaders  in  the  communities  in  which 
they  live  and  in  the  societies  of  their  pro- 
fession. 


CHAPTER   XI, 


NORTHWESTERN  UNIVERSITY   LAW   SCHOOL 


(By  F.  B.  CROSSLEY,  LL.  B.) 


Historical  Sketch — Lazv  School  Founded  in 
i8^p — Hon.  Thomas  Hoyne  Leads  in 
Endowment  of  First  Chair — Only  Three 
Lajv  Schools  then  West  of  the  Alleghen- 
ies — First  Faculty — Notable  Members  of 
Faculty  of  Later  Date — Union  College  of 
Law  Result  of  Combination  of  North- 
zi'estern  and  University  of  Chicago — 
First  Board  of  Managers  and  First 
Facidty  Under  New  Arrangement — Uni- 
versity of  Chicago  Suspended  in  1866 
and  Northwestern  Assumed  Entire  Con- 
trol of  Lazv  School  in  i8pi — Subsequent 
History — Changes  in  Requirements  of 
Supreme  Court  as  to  Law  Course — 
Present  Home  and  Conditions — Acquisi- 
tion of  Gary  Collection — Present  Out- 
look. 

The  present  Northwestern  University 
Law  School  was  founded  in  1859  through 
the  generosity  of  the  Hon.  Thomas  Hoyne, 
who  contributed  five  thousand  dollars  to  the 
.original  University  of  Chicago  to  endow 
a  "chair  of  International  and  Constitutional 
Law"  which  contribution  enabled  the  Uni- 
versity to  establish  a  Law  Department. 

At  that  time  there  were  but  three  other 
law  schools  west  of  the  Allegheny  Moun- 
tains, and  the  need  of  an  institution  that 
could  offer  a  better  legal  training  than  could 
be  obtained  in  a  law  office,  was  becoming 


more  and  more  apparent  with  the  growth 
of  the  city. 

The  School  was  first  opened  for  instruc- 
tion in  i860,  with  Honorable  Henry  Booth 
and  Judges  John  M.  Wilson  and  Grant 
Goodrich  as  professors.  Dr.  Booth  was 
the  first  to  be  called  as  a  professor  and  to 
serve  as  Dean,  and  continued  in  that  joint 
capacity  for  thirty-two  years,  retiring  as 
Dean  Emeritus  in  1892.  The  inauguration 
ceremonies  of  the  School  took  place  in  Met- 
ropolitan Hall,  the  chief  address  being  made 
by  the  Hon.  David  Dudley  Field,  of  New 
York;  the  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Illinois,  Sidney  Breese,  and  sev- 
eral other  Judges  of  prominence  being 
present  and  assisting. 

The  School  was  conducted  continuously 
by  the  University  of  Chicago  until  1873, 
becoming  better  known  throughout  the 
United  States  each  year  for  the  thorough 
character  of  its  instruction  and  the  high 
standard  of  scholarship  set  for  its  grad- 
uates ;  and  though  the  dominating  control 
of  the  School  has  changed  several  times 
from  the  date  of  its  organization,  the  policy 
outlined  by  Dean  Booth  and  his  co-work- 
ers has  been  followed,  and  at  no  time  has 
the  School  lost  in  influence  or  prestige 
through  any  attempt  by  the  different  in- 
terests to  lower  the  quality  of  its  instruction 
or  the   standard  of  its   scholarship.     The 


105 


io6 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


faith  of  these  different  interests  in  the  pol- 
icy of  its  first  Dean  and  his  fellow-labor- 
ers is  illustrated  by  the  long  tenure  of 
office  and  the  service  on  the  Faculty  of 
one  of  Evanston's  best  known  citizens,  the 
Hon.  Harvey  B.  Hurd,  who  became  a  Pro- 
fessor in  the  Law  School  in  1862,  and  re- 
mained in  active  service  until  May  23,  1902. 
when  he  retired  as  Emeritus  Professor  of 
Law. 

In  1873,  for  the  purpose  of  strengthening 
the  School  and  adding  a  department  of  law. 
Northwestern  University  entered  into  an 
agreement  with  the  University  of  Chicago 
whereby  the  Law  School  came  under  the 
joint  control  of  the  two  Universities.  By 
the  terms  of  this  agreement  the  School  was 
placed  under  the  direct  management  of  a 
"Joint  Board,"  "comprising  an  equal  num- 
ber of  persons  from  the  Board  of  Trustees 
of  each  University,"  the  announcement  of 
the  change  setting  forth  that  "it  should  not 
be  overlooked  by  any  of  the  graduates  of 
the  Law  School  of  the  University  of  Chi- 
cago, that  this  School  is  a  legitimate  off- 
spring and  successor  to  its  claims,  and,  as 
such,  is  entitled  to  receive  all  the  honors 
and  support  of  the  large  number  of  those, 
fast  rising  into  professional  eminence,  who 
acquired  the  rudiments  of  their  legal  learn- 
ing within  the  walls  of  this  School."  The 
joint  agreement  provided  that  the  School 
should  be  known  as  the  Law  Department  of 
both  Universities,  "with  full  right  to  each  to 
publish  the  same  in  all  catalogues  and  cir- 
culars, as  its  law  department ;  that  diplo- 
mas should  be  signed  by  the  President  and 
Secretary  of  both  Universities,  under  the 
seal  of  each,  and  that,  "as  far  as  practicable, 
the  graduating  exercises  of  the  law  classes 
shall  be  held  in  the  name  of,  and  attended 
by,  the  Trustees,  officers  and  Faculties  of 
both  Universities" ;  that,  "for  the  purpose 
of  placing  said  Law  School  upon  a  sure  and 


substantial  financial  basis,"  each  University 
should  pay  annually  towards  its  support  not 
less  than  two  thousand  dollars  and,  in  case 
of  default  for  six  months,  the  party  in  de- 
fault should  forfeit  its  interest  and  control 
in  the  School. 

Northwestern  University  was  represented 
on  the  first  Board  of  Alanagement,  as 
above  provided  for,  by  Hon.  Grant  Good- 
rich, Wirt  Dexter,  Esq.,  Robert  F.  Oueal, 
and  Rev.  Charles  H.  Fowler,  President  of 
the  University. 

The  first  Faculty  under  joint  control  of 
the  two  Universities  was  composed  as  fol- 
lows: Hon.  Henry  Booth,  Dean  and  Pro- 
fessor of  the  law  of  Property  and  of  Plead- 
ing :  Hon.  Lyman  Trumbull,  Professor  of 
Constitutional  Law,  Statute  Law,  and  Prac- 
tice in  the  LTnited  States  Courts  ;  Hon.  James 
R.  Doolittle,  Professor  of  Equity  Jurispru-  ' 
dence,  Pleading  and  Evidence ;  Van  Buren 
Denslow,  Esq.,  Professor  of  Contracts  and 
Civil  and  Criminal  Practice;  Philip  Myers, 
Esq.,  Professor  of  Commercial  Law ;  Hon. 
James  B.  Bradwell,  Lecturer  on  Wills  and 
Probate :  Dr.  Nathan  S.  Davis,  Lecturer  on 
Medical  Jurisprudence. 

The  School  was  now  known  as  the  Union 
College  of  Law,  and  was  located  at  this 
time  ( 1873)  in  the  Superior  Block,  fronting 
the  Court-House.  Sixty  regular  students 
were  registered  during  the  year  1872-73 — 
and,  after  three  years  of  joint  management, 
one  hundred  and  thirty  students  were  en- 
rolled in  one  year.  The  requirements  for  ad- 
mission at  this  time  were  low  in  all  law 
schools,  this  School  requiring  merely  a  com- 
mon .'•chool  education,  but  recommending  a 
college  training,  and  during  the  year  1876 — 
or  three  years  after  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity assumed  partial  control — almost  one- 
third  of  the  students  in  the  Law  School  pos- 
sessed academic  degrees.  The  course,  as  in 
nearly  all  the  better  schools,  covered  a  pe- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


107 


riod  of  two  years  and  the  diploma  of  the 
School  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Ilhnois. 

The  joint  management  was  continued 
imtil  1886,  when  the  original  University  of 
Chicago  ceased  to  exist  actively,  and  later 
surrendered  its  charter.  For  a  period  of 
about  five  years  (1886  to  1891)  the  control 
of  the  Law  School  was  still  exercised  by  a 
"Joint  Board,"  but  in  1891  Northwestern 
University  assumed  entire  control  and  the 
School  received  its  present  name.  The 
agreement  under  which  the  Northwestern 
University  assumed  exclusive  control  of  the 
Law  School  was  made  July  i,  189 1,  with 
the  LTnion  College  of  Law  represented  by 
Hon.  Oliver  H.  Horton  and  William  V. 
Farwell ;  Northwestern  L^niversity  being 
represented  by  Orrington  Lunt,  its  Vice- 
President.  This  agreement,  among  other 
provisions,  set  forth  that  the  School  should 
thereafter  be  known  as  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity Law  School,  with  the  privilege  to 
continue  the  name  "Union  College  of  Law" 
in  brackets,  and  that  "all  persons  who  are 
alumni  of  Union  College  of  Law  are  hereby 
made  alumni  of  Northwestern  University 
Law  School." 

Since  Northwestern  L^^niversity  obtained 
sole  control  of  the  Law  School,  its  position 
among  the  foremost  in  the  country  has  been 
maintained  and  the  School  has  led  in  all 
attempts  to  raise  the  standard  of  legal  edu- 
cation and  of  the  legal  profession  in  the 
West.  An  academic  training  equivalent  to 
that  of  a  graduate  of  a  high  school  was  soon 
made  a  requirement  for  admission,  and,  in 
1897.  the  required  period  of  study  in  the 
School  of  all  candidates  for  a  degree  was 
extended  to  three  years,  although  at  that 
time  the  Supreme  Court  of  Illinois  required 
but  two  years'  study  for  admission  to  prac- 
tice within  its  jurisdiction.  This  change  in 
the  requirements  for  graduation  was  soon 
followed  by  a  new  rule  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of   Illinois,  governing  admission   to 


the  bar  and  requiring  an  academic  training 
equivalent  to  that  of  a  high  school  graduate, 
and  three  years'  study  of  law  of  all  appli- 
cants for  admission  to  practice.  A  change 
was  also  made  in  the  Law  School  in  the 
method  of  instruction  by  the  adoption  of 
the  case  system  instead  of  the  text,  the 
curriculum  was  greatly  enlarged  and  the 
Faculty    increased. 

The  policy  of  the  University  toward  the 
Law  School  has  been,  at  all  times  since  its 
assumption  of  executive  control,  one  of 
commendable  liberality,  and  because  of  it 
the  School  has  been  able  to  keep  up  its 
progress  and  maintain  its  prestige.  To  do 
this,  because  of  the  large  gifts  of  money 
contributed  in  recent  years  to  Universities 
throughout  the  country  other  than  North- 
western, and  the  consequent  increase  in 
efficiency  and  equipment  of  their  various 
departments,  the  University  found  it  neces- 
sary, in  1902,  to  increase  very  largely  its 
annual  financial  contribution  to  the  Law 
School,  and  this  was  done  by  adding  there- 
to the  income  from  a  quarter  of  a  million 
dollars  and,  in  addition,  an  appropriation 
of  ten  thousand  dollars  for  the  im- 
mediate increase  of  the  library ;  so 
that,  when  the  School  ceased  its  mi- 
gratory career  and  moved  into  its 
present  permanent  home  in  Northwest- 
ern LTniversity  Building,  purchased  and 
equipped  at  a  cost  of  nearly  one  million 
dollars  by  the  L^niversity,  as  a  home  for  its 
professional  Schools  other  than  Medical,  it 
possessed  a  Faculty  of  six  professors  giving 
the  whole  or  the  substance  of  their  time  to 
the  School,  besides  an  excellent  staff  of  in- 
structors and  lecturers,  and  a  library  of  over 
12,000  volumes.  The  present  home  of 
the  School,  in  what  was  widely  known  for 
more  than  half  a  century  as  the  "Tremont 
House,"  is  well  adapted  to  its  needs.  It 
occupies  the  entire  third  floor  of  North- 
western University  Building,  in  the  heart  of 


io8 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


the  business  section  of  Chicago.  The 
twenty-three  thousand  square  feet  of  floor 
space  is  divided  into  well  equipped  library, 
lecture,  study  and  court  rooms,  and  offices. 
The  library  reading  room  will  accommodate 
450  students  at  its  tables.  The  students' 
assembly  room  provides  pleasant  quarters 
for  rest  and  conversation.  The  walls  of  the 
School  are  hung  with  an  interesting  collec- 
tion of  portraits  of  prominent  Judges,  and 
legal  writers,  teachers,  and  lawyers  of  all 
countries — a  collection  that  is  probably  not 
equaled  in  the  United  States.  The  equip- 
ment throughout,  aside  from  the  library, 
was  made  possible  by  generous  money 
contributions  from  alumni,  Trustees  and 
other  friends  of  the  School  upon  its  removal 
to  its  permanent  home. 

Through  the  generosity  of  Hon.  Elbert 
H.  Gary,  '67,  the  School  in  1903  acquired 
the  Gary  Collection  of  Continental  Juris- 
prudence. This  Collection,  the  most  com- 
plete of  its  kind  this  side  the  Atlantic, 
comprises  an  extensive  collection  of  the  laws 
and  jurisprudence  of  all   the   countries  of 


Continental  Europe.  It  is  of  incalculable 
practical  value  to  Chicago  and  the  North- 
west, and  to  students  of  the  law  in  this  coun- 
try interested  in  the  study  of  comparative 
laws.  Judge  Gary  has  also  made  it  possible 
for  the  School  to  greatly  increase  its  collec- 
tion of  English  and  American  laws  and 
treatises,  and  placed  it  (1905)  in  a  position 
for  the  first  time  to  compare  favorably  in 
this  respect  with  the  best  law  school 
libraries  in  the  country. 

After  forty-six  years  of  existence  the 
Law  School  stands  for  the  best  in  legal 
training.  During  the  past  it  has  occupied 
constantly  a  high  place  as  one  of  the  best 
law  schools,  although  greatly  handicapped 
by  lack  of  proper  equipment  and  insuffi- 
cient financial  support.  Today,  with  its 
large  body  of  alumni,  many  of  whom  are 
of  State  and  National  reputation,  scattered 
over  thirty-five  States  and  Territories,  with 
its  excellent  equipment  and  its  increased 
financial  support,  the  future  of  this  depart- 
ment seems  almost  assured. 


CHAPTER   XII. 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY   DENTAL    SCHOOL 

(By  O.  V.  BLACK,  M.  D.,  D.  D.  S..  LL.  D.) 


Dental  Education  as  a  Distinct  Branch  of 
Professional  Training  —  First  Dental 
School  Established  in  i8jp — Development 
Due  to  State  Legislation — Dental  Schools 
in  Eastern  Cities — Chicago  College  of 
Dental  Surgery  Graduates  its  First  Class 
in  iS8j — Dr.  Thomas  L.  Gilmer  Leads 
Movement  for  Establishment  of  North- 
ivestcrn  University  Dental  School — Con- 
solidation zi'ith  Anierican  College  of 
Dental  Surgery  —  Dr.  Theodore  Menges 
Chief  Promoter  —  First  Faculty  of  the 
Consolidated  School  —  Present  Condi- 
tion ■ —  It  Finds  a  Permanent  Home  in 
Historic  Trcmont  House  Building. 

In  order  tfl  understand  the  conditions  in- 
fluencing the  growth  of  the  Northwestern 
University  Dental  Scliool,  it  seems  necessary 
to  intermingle  with  the  more  direct  account 
of  it,  a  brief  explanation  of  some  of  the  gen- 
eral conditions  peculiar  to  dental  education 
which  have  had  so  large  an  influence  on  its 
development. 

Dental  education,  as  a  distinct  branch  of 
activity  in  the  development  of  science  and 
art,  began  in  1839,  when  Dr.  Chapin  Harris 
and  his  colleagues,  who  had  been  teaching 
oral  surgery  in  a  medical  school  in  Balti- 
more, withdrew  and  founded  an  independent 
school  of  dentistry,  establishing  the  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Dental  Surgery  as  earned  by  a 
definite  course  of  studv.    The  effort  was  so 


successful  that  since  that  time  dental  edu- 
cation in  America  has  been  on  a  separate 
basis  from  general  medical  education.  Yet 
it  has  always  been  regarded  as  a  branch  of 
the  healing  art,  having  much  in  common 
with  general  medicine,  and  especially  as 
requiring  similar  preparation  in  the  funda- 
mental branches,  viz :  anatomy,  physiology, 
histology,  pathology  and  chemistry.  Dental 
schools  made  slow  progress,  however,  in  the 
earlier  years  of  their  existence.  It  had 
been  the  custom  that  one  desiring  to  engage 
in  the  practice  of  dentistry  became  a  student 
in  the  office  of  a  practitioner,  and,  when 
considered  sufficiently  proficient,  entered 
upon  the  practice  independently  without 
question.  So  firmly  fixed  was  this  practice 
that,  for  a  time,  few  students  entered  the 
dental  schools;  though  from  year  to  year 
they  increased  in  numbers  and  new  schools 
were  organized  and  operated  successfully  in 
several  of  the  larger  cities. 

About  1870  there  was  a  general  move- 
ment for  the  better  education  of  dentists. 
The  need  for  the  better  education  of  phy- 
sicians was  being  urged,  and  laws  for  the 
regulation  of  the  practice  of  medicine,  and 
incidentally  requiring  improvement  in  edu- 
cational qualification,  were  being  enacted 
by  the  dififerent  State  Legislatures.  Den- 
tistry followed,  and  laws  were  also  rapidly 
adopted  regulating  the  practice  of  den- 
tistry.   These  laws  have  been  sustained  by 


109 


no 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


the  sentiment  of  the  people  for  whose  bene- 
fit they  were  drawn,  by  the  profession  and 
by  the  courts  of  law.  Those  entering  upon 
the  practice  of  dentistry  then  found  that 
the  easier  way  to  obtain  an  education  that 
would  satisfy  the  State  Boards  of  Dental 
Examiners,  was  by  attending  the  dental 
schools.  This  brought  about  a  very  rapid 
increase  in  the  number  of  students,  and  also 
a  similar  increase  in  the  number  of  dental 
schools.  In  1870  there  were  eight  dental 
schools  in  operation,  from  which  were 
graduated  140  students.  This,  with  the  con- 
ditions of  graduation  then  prevailing,  would 
indicate  a  total  attendance  of  but  little  over 
200  students.  In  1901  there  were  fifty-four 
dental  schools  and  from  these  about  2,300 
students  were  graduated.  This  would  indi- 
cate a  total  attendance  of  about  7,000  stu- 
dents. 

This  seemingly  extreme  educational  activ- 
ity in  dentistry  was  also  accompanied  by  a 
similar  activity  in  the  development  of  den- 
tal science  and  practice.  Many  active  men 
were  coming  forward  with  new  facts  and 
with  new  thought  for  the  betterment  of  the 
treatment  of  dental  diseases.  The  people 
were  gaining  confidence  in  dental  opera- 
tions and  making  larger  demands  on  the 
dental  profession,  and  increased  numbers  of 
dentists  were  required  to  satisfy  these  de- 
mands, thus  giving  substantial  support  to 
the  educational  impulse.  Baltimore  and 
Philadelphia  were  the  earlier  seats  of  dental 
educational  work,  though  successful  dental 
schools  were  being  developed  in  other  cities. 
In  Chicago  the  first  dental  school  in  actual 
operation  (some  charters  for  dental  schools 
were  obtained  earlier)  was  Chicago  College 
of  Dental  Surgery,  which  graduated  its 
first  class  in  1885.  In  the  activity  of  the 
time  many  efforts  failed,  or  were  imperfect- 
ly organized  and  continued  but  a  short 
time. 

Dr.  Thomas  L.  Gilmer  inaugurated,  and 


was  principally  instrumental  in  carrying 
through,  the  initial  movement  which  result- 
ed in  the  organization  of  the  present  North- 
western University  Dental  School.  In  1890 
there  were  a  number  of  men  in  Chicago 
who  had  obtained  some  prominence  as 
teachers  in  dentistry  who  were  not  then  en- 
gaged in  teaching.  Having  noted  this,  and 
having  carefully  studied  the  conditions.  Dr. 
Gilmer  gave  a  dinner  at  the  Leland  Hotel, 
to  which  Drs.  George  H.  Gushing,  Edgar  D. 
Swain,  Edmund  Noyes  and  W.  V-B.  Ames 
were  invited,  and  to  whom  he  opened  the 
subject  of  the  organization  of  a  new  dental 
school.  There  were  at  the  time  several  den- 
tal schools  in  the  city  that  were  not  doing 
well,  and  the  question  of  the  reorganization 
of  some  one  of  these  was  discussed,  with 
the  result  that  Dr.  Gilmer  was  authorized 
to  investigate  the  advisability  of  the  pur- 
chase of  the  American  College  of  Dental 
Surgery,  then  under  the  control  of  Dr. 
Clendenen.  At  a  subsequent  meeting  Dr. 
Gilmer  reported  adversely  to  the  purchase 
of  that  school.  Chicago  University  was 
then  in  process  of  organization,  and  an  in- 
terview was  had  with  President  Harper 
with  reference  to  the  organization  of  a 
dental  school  as  a  department  of  that  uni- 
versity, but  at  the  time  they  were  not  ready 
for  such  an  undertaking.  The  discussion 
of  various  schemes  continued  from  time  to 
time  until  the  resignation  of  the  faculty  of 
the  University  Dental  College  seemed  to 
create  an  opening  in  that  direction. 

The  University  Dental  College  was 
finally  organized  under  a  charter  grant- 
ed from  the  State  of  Illinois  in  1887. 
The  first  session  was  held  in  the  win- 
ter of  1887-88,  with  a  class  of  six  students, 
the  dental  faculty  consisting  of  W.  W.  All- 
port  (Emeritus),  L.  P.  Haskell,  R.  F.  Lud- 
wig,  John  S.  Marshall  (Dean),  A.  E.  Bald- 
win, Charles  P.  Pruyn,  R.  C.  Baker  and 
.\rthur    B.    Freeman.     An   agreement   was 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


III 


effected  between  President  Cummings  of 
Northwestern  University,  Nathan  S.  Davis, 
Dean  of  Chicago  Medical  College,  and  the 
faculty  of  the  new  Dental  College,  by 
which  the  students  should  take  lectures  in 
anatomy,  physiology,  histology,  materia 
medica,  pathology  and  surgery  with  the 
medical  classes;  but  this  agreement  in- 
volved no  further  connection  with  the  Med- 
ical College.  Also  the  connection  with 
Northwestern  University  was  nominal  and 
prospective  only,  the  University  assuming 
no  responsibility  for  the  Dental  College. 

The  new  college  was  located  on  Twenty- 
sixth  Street,  Chicago,  near  the  Medical  Col- 
lege. The  students  were  required  to  take  a 
course  of  three  years,  of  seven  months 
each,  before  graduation.  This  was  the  first 
dental  college  to  make  this  requirement,  and 
this  fact  operated  very  much  against  its  suc- 
cess in  obtaining  students ;  so  that  its 
classes  remained  very  small.  There  were 
only  eleven  students  at  the  end  of  the  sec- 
ond year.  At  the  beginning  of  the  third 
year  the  three-year  course  was  made  op- 
tional, and  the  students  were  allowed  to 
elect  to  take  a  two  years'  course.  At  the 
end  of  the  fourth  year  the  class  numbered 
nineteen.  The  college  could  not  continue  to 
meet  its  expenses  on  the  income  derived 
from  this  number  of  students  and,  at  the 
end  of  the  year,  the  Faculty  resigned,  as  has 
been  noted  above. 

At  that  time  Dr.  Henry  Wade  Rogers 
had  recently  become  President  of  North- 
western University,  and  was  actively  en- 
gaged in  bringing  the  professional  schools, 
which  had  previously  but  a  nominal  connec- 
tion with  the  University  at  Evanston,  into  a 
closer  relationship.  He  was  seen  by  Dr. 
Gilmer  with  regard  to  the  reorganization  of 
this  college,  and  he  actively  favored  it. 
After  a  number  of  conferences  between  the 
parties  interested,  which  included  especially 
Drs.  Chas.  P.  Pruyn,  I.  A.  Freeman,  A.  B. 


Freeman  and  A.  E.  Matteson,  of  the  old 
faculty,  the  officers  of  Chicago  Medical  Col- 
lege, and  Drs.  T.  L.  Gilmer,  E.  D.  Swain, 
Geo.  H.  Cushing,  Edmund  Noyes,  W.  V-B. 
Ames  and  others,  an  organization  was  ef- 
fected under  the  charter  of  Northwestern 
University,  and  the  charter  of  the  Univer- 
sity Dental  College  from  the  State  allowed 
to  lapse.  In  making  this  change  the  word 
college  was  dropped  and  the  word  school 
substituted,  in  accord  with  a  policy  of  the 
University,  in  which  the  teaching  organiza- 
tions under  its  jurisdiction  are  called 
"schools"  rather  than  colleges.  The  new 
school  took  the  name  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity Dental  School.  The  Chicago  Medical 
College  also  came  into  closer  relationship 
with  the  University  and  took  the  name 
Northwestern  University  Medical  School. 
The  new  dental  faculty  was  composed  of 
Edgar  D.  Swain,  Dean ;  Edmund  Noyes, 
Secretary ;  G.  V.  Black,  George  H.  Cush- 
ing, J.  S.  Marshall,  Charles  P.  Pruyn,  Isaac 
A.  Freeman,  Thomas  L.  Gilmer,  Arthur  B. 
Freeman,  B.  S.  Palmer,  W.  V-B.  Ames, 
Arthur  E.  Matteson,  E.  L.  Clifford,  G.  W. 
Haskins,  D.  M.  Cattell  and  H.  P.  Smith. 
Arrangements  were  made  with  the  medical 
school  by  which  the  dental  students  took 
lectures  on  the  fundamental  subjects  with 
the  medical  classes.  The  school  was  re- 
moved to  more  commodious  quarters  on 
Twenty-second  Street,  but  near  enough  to 
be  convenient  to  the  Medical  School,  which 
was  also  moved  to  new  quarters  on  Dear- 
born Street,  near  Twenty-fourth.  In  the 
summer  of  1891  the  National  Association  of 
Dental  Faculties  passed  an  order  which  re- 
quired all  schools  affiliated  with  it  to  ex- 
tend the  course  of  study  to  three  terms  of 
not  less  than  six  months  each,  in  separate 
years  before  graduation.  This  order  was 
complied  with  at  once,  and  the  new  organi- 
zation began  its  first  session  with  a  class  of 
fifty-three  students,  only  six  of  whom  came 
from  the  old  school. 


112 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


The  National  Association  of  Dental  Fac- 
ulties was  formed  in  1884,  having  as  its  ob- 
ject the  improvement  of  the  methods  of  den- 
tal education  and  harmony  of  action  among 
the  separate  schools.  The  National  Associa- 
tion of  Dental  Examiners  had  been  formed 
a  year  earlier,  having  for  its  object  the  pro- 
motion of  harmony  of  action  among  the 
separate  Examining  Boards  of  the  different 
States.  These  associations,  while  remain- 
ing distinct,  have,  for  the  most  part, 
worked  in  unison,  both  having  for  their 
prime  object  the  better  education  and  pro- 
fessional qualification  of  young  men  for  the 
practice  of  dentistry,  and  their  influence  has 
been  too  important  to  be  passed  without 
some  consideration.  It  must  be  understood 
that,  before;  this  time,  dental  schools  were 
without  law  or  rule  other  than  such  as  each 
might  adopt  at  will,  and  there  was  little 
harmony  of  action  among  them.  Some  were 
graduating  students  on  a  single  course  of 
six  months.  There  was  no  standard  of  edu- 
cational requirement  for  matriculation,  etc. 
The  object  of  the  Faculties  Association  was 
to  bring  about  harmony  and  establish  rules 
regarding  all  such  matters. 

Perhaps  the  best  definition  of  the  objects 
and  purposes  of  this  organization  will  be 
expressed  in  its  first  official  acts.  It  was 
agreed  by  the  association  at  its  first  meeting 
that,  after  the  close  of  the  sessions  of  1884- 
85,  each  college  belonging  to  the  Associa- 
tion would  refuse  to  allow  a  candidate  to 
come  up  for  final  examination  who  had  not 
attended  two  full  courses  of  lectures,  the 
last  of  which  should  have  been  spent  in  the 
college  where  the  candidate  for  graduation 
proposed  to  take  the  degree.  A  preliminary 
examination  of  all  students  not  possessing 
an  academic  or  high  school  education  was 
also  ordered  to  go  into  effect  at  the  same 
time.  It  was  ordered  that  an  examination  of 
junior  students  should  take  place  at  the  end 
of  their  first  course,  and  that  certificates 


should  be  issued  showing  their  fitness  to  en- 
ter the  senior  class  of  any  one  of  the  chain 
of  colleges,  and  that  no  college  belonging  to 
the  Association  would  allow  a  student  to 
enter  the  senior  class  who  did  not  exhibit 
such  a  certificate  of  qualification,  and  this 
class  of  legislation  has  since  been  continued. 
This  organization  quickly  gathered  into  its 
membership  all  of  the  dental  schools  re- 
garded as  reputable ;  and,  although  a  purely 
voluntary  organization,  it  has  attained  such 
power  through  the  general  support  of  the 
dental  profession  that  its  edicts  have  the 
force  of  law. 

It  was  under  these  general  conditions  that 
the  new  school  began  its  work.  After  two 
years  in  its  location  on  Twenty-second 
Street,  the  school  was  moved  into  new  build- 
ings erected  on  Dearborn  Street,  between 
Twenty-fourth  and  Twenty-fifth  Streets, 
and  was  housed  with  the  Medical  School ; 
each,  however,  having  its  own  rooms,  clinic- 
al outfits  and  laboratories.  In  this  location, 
and  with  these  arrangements,  the  school 
was  fairly  prosperous  and  the  number  of 
students  increased  so  that,  in  the  fall  of 
1895,  the  whole  number  was  one  hundred 
and  twenty-eight.  With  this  number  in  the 
Dental  School  and  the  continued  increase 
in  the  Medical  School,  the  space  was  over- 
crowded, so  that  it  became  necessary  to 
procure  additional  buildings  outside  for  a 
portion  of  the  laboratories  of  the  Dental 
School.  This  arrangement  proved  very  un- 
satisfactory, as  it  required  much  running  to 
and  fro,  and  it  became  clear  that  something 
else  must  be  done  in  order  to  accommodate 
the  increasing  demands.  The  extension  of 
the  course  to  three  years  instead  of  two,  as 
had  been  the  former  custom,  had  not  served 
materially  to  diminish  the  number  of  appli- 
cants for  matriculation. 

In  the  meantime  the  American  College  of 
Dental  Surgery,  previously  mentioned,  had 
been  purchased  bv  Dr.  Theodore  Menges 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


"3 


and  others,  its  equipment  had  been  im- 
proved, it  was  being  put  in  better  condition 
for  giving  instruction  and  its  classes  were 
rapidly  increasing  in  numbers.  Dr.  Menges, 
who  was  showing  much  energy  and  tact, 
especially  in  gaining  students,  proposed  in 
the  winter  of  1895-96  the  consolidation  of 
these  two  schools.  After  numerous  confer- 
ences usual  in  such  proceedings,  this  was 
effected  during  the  following  spring  on 
terms  which,  for  the  time,  left  the  principal 
management  of  the  school  in  the  hands  of 
Dr.  Menges,  but  provided  for  the  ultimate 
complete  ownership  by  the  University.  The 
faculty  was  again  reorganized,  a  part  of 
each  of  the  old  faculties  being  retained. 
The  new  faculty  at  the  beginning  of  1896- 
97  was  composed  of  Edgar  D.  Swain 
(Dean),  G.  V.  Black,  George  H.  Gushing, 
Thomas  L.  Gilmer,  J.  S.  Marshall  (Emer- 
itus), B.  J.  Cigrand,  A.  H.  Peck,  E.  H. 
Angle,  Edmund  Noyes,  I.  B.  Crissman,  W. 
E.  Harper,  G.  W.  Haskins,  James  H.  Proth- 
ero,  G.  W.  Swartz,  William  Stearns, 
Charles  B.  Reed,  F.  B.  Noyes,  T.  B.  Wig- 
gin,  W.  T.  Eckley,  L.  B.  Haymen,  George 
Leininger,  C.  E.  Sayre,  V.  J.  Hall,  with 
Theodore  Menges  as  Secretary  and  Busi- 
ness Manager.  The  Dental  School  was  re- 
moved to  the  building  that  had  been  occu- 
pied by  the  American  College  of  Dental 
Surgery,  on  the  corner  of  Franklin  and 
Madison  Streets,  where  it  has  since  re- 
mained. In  this  building  additional  space 
could  be  had  from  time  to  time  for  indefi- 
nite expansion.  In  this  arrangement  the 
American  College  of  Dental  Surgery  went 
out  of  existence,  and,  as  its  graduates  would 
have  no  ahna  mater,  it  was  agreed  that  those 
students  who  had  graduated  in  1891  and 
since  should  be  made  alumni  of  the  North- 
western University  Dental  School. 

Northwestern  University  Dental  School 
now  undertook  to  teach  all  of  the  depart- 
ments, including  the  fundamental  branches, 


by  its  own  professors  and  instructors,  thus 
separating  it  entirely  from  the  Medical 
School.  The  work  was  now  with  much 
larger  classes  than  had  before  been  as- 
sembled in  dental  schools,  and,  as  the  year 
passed,  it  was  seen  that,  while  the  general 
methods  of  instruction  in  vogue  were  well 
adapted,  much  improvement  in  the  system- 
atization  of  the  work  of  the  teaching  force 
was  desirable.  At  the  end  of  the  year  the 
Dean,  Dr.  Edgar  D.  Swain,  resigned.  Dr. 
G.  V.  Black  was  then  appointed  Dean,  and 
was  charged  especially  with  the  systemati- 
zation  of  the  methods  of  instruction.  Each 
of  the  departments  of  instruction  was  grad- 
ually brought  under  the  control  of  a  single 
responsible  professor,  who  controlled  the 
methods  of  presentation  of  the  subjects  in 
his  field  of  work  by  those  associated  with 
him,  and  the  courses  of  study  were  so 
graded  that  the  classes  of  each  year  re- 
mained separate  in  the  class  room.  Per- 
sonal teaching  was  provided  for  by  the  sep- 
aration of  classes  into  sections  and  the  ar- 
rangement of  quiz-masters  and  demonstrat- 
ors for  special  duties,  so  that  the  individual 
student  could,  at  any  time,  obtain  a  person- 
al answer  to  his  question  or  the  demonstra- 
tion of  a  technical  procedure. 

In  following  out  these  arrangements,  sub- 
jects that  had  been  divided  among  different 
members  of  the  faculty  were  grouped  under 
one  head  and  managed  by  a  single  profes- 
sor with  the  aid  of  assistants,  so  that  the 
faculty  was  reduced  in  number  and  the  as- 
sistant teachers,  demonstrators  and  quiz- 
masters increased.  In  1899-1900  the  faculty 
was  composed  of  Greene  V.  Black  (Dean), 
Thomas  L.  Gilmer,  John  S.  Marshall  (Em- 
eritus), Adelbert  H.  Peck,  Edmund  Noyes, 
William  E.  Harper,  James  H.  Prothero, 
Frederick  B.  Noyes,  Twing  B.  Wiggin, 
William  T.  Eckley,  Vernon  J.  Hall,  George 
A.  Dorsey.  Theodore  Menges  (Secretary 
of  the  Faculty)   and  James  N.  McDowell. 


114 


NORTHWESTERN  UNIVERSITY 


This  faculty  was  assisted  by  about  thirty 
assistants,  teachers,  demonstrators  and  quiz- 
masters. 

Northwestern  Dental  College,  a  small 
school  also  located  in  Chicago,  had  given 
much  annoyance  on  account  of  the  similari- 
ty of  name,  especially  in  the  confusion  it 
caused  in  the  delivery  of  mail.  In  1898  this 
was  purchased,  the  college  closed,  and  its 
plant  added  to  the  Northwestern  University 
Dental  School.  This  arrangement  included 
the  recognition  of  the  recent  graduates  of 
the  Northwestern  Dental  College  as  alumni 
of  Northwestern  University  Dental  School. 

The  school  as  thus  organized  prospered, 
and  the  classes  steadily  increased  until,  in 
1899-1900,  they  numbered  six  hundred  stu- 
dents— the  largest  number  ever  collected  in 
one  dental  school.  Additional  space  in  the 
building  was  obtained  from  time  to  time 
for  new  laboratories  and  class  rooms.  In 
1899  an  entire  floor  was  added  to  gain  addi- 
tional space  for  necessary  class  rooms,  lec- 
ture rooms  and  laboratories,  and  also  to  pro- 
vide space  for  a  library,  museum  and  read- 
ing room.  It  has  been  found  particularly  de- 
sirable that  students  should  be  provided  with 
well-arranged  space  in  the'fechool  building,  to 
which  they  could  go  during  any  leisure  hour 
for  the  purpose  of  reading  and  study,  or 
which  they  could  occupy  at  regular  hours 
and  where  they  could  find  books  upon  any 
topic  in  dentistry.  The  work  of  assembling 
a  library  and  museum  of  comparative  den- 
tal anatomy  and  dental  pathology  was  act- 
ivelv  undertaken,  and  the  material  has  been 
rapidly  brought  togeth  >r,  so  that,  at  the 
present  time,  these  may  be  justly  regarded 
as  excellent  and  as  quite  fully  supplying  the 
needs  of  a  dental  school.  To  these  members 
of  the  profession  have  contributed  books, 
journals  and  specimens  liberally,  and  have 
in  this  way  very  materially  aided  in  the 
gathering  of  the  collection.  This  work  is 
still  in  progress.    Members  of  the  profes- 


sion are  also  permitted  to  make  use  of  this 
library  and  museum. 

On  the  first  of  June,  1900,  Dr.  Theodore 
Menges,  Secretary  and  Business  i\Ianager 
of  Northwestern  University  Dental  School, 
died  of  appendicitis,  after  an  illness  of  a  lit- 
tle less  than  one  week.  He  was  thus  cut  off, 
seemingly  before  his  time,  in  the  midst  of  a 
robust  manhood  and  mental  vigor,  while  in 
the  active  prosecution  of  the  work  that 
seemed  to  have  been  allotted  him  to  do. 
His  sudden  death  threw  a  wave  of  grief 
over  all  connected  with  the  school,  upon  its 
alumni,  the  dental  profession  and  all  who 
knew  him  and  the  work  he  was  doing.  He 
was  an  active,  energetic  and  persistent 
worker,  devoting  liis  life  to  the  upbuilding 
of  the  dental  profession. 

With  the  death  of  Dr.  Menges  the  dental 
school  became  completely  the  property  of 
Northwestern  University.  Dr.  W.  E.  Har- 
per was  appointed  Secretary  and  the  school 
went  regularly  forward  with  its  work  with- 
out other  change  in  its  faculty.  Its  a'umni 
now  number  about  fourteen  hundred. 

In  190 1  the  University  purchased  a  new 
buikhng  at  a  cost  of  half  a  million  dollars, 
which  two  years  since  became  the  perma- 
nent home  of  the  Dental  School,  as  also  of 
the  schools  of  Law  and  Pharmacy.  This 
building — formerly  the  "Tremont  House," 
for  more  than  fifty  years  one  of  the  most 
widely  known  hostelries  in  the  cit}'  of  C'lii- 
cago — IS  located  at  the  corner  of  Lake  and 
Dearborn  Streets,  within  the  downtown  loop 
of  the  elevated  roads,  is  convenient  of  ac- 
cess from  all  lines  of  travel,  both  general 
and  suburban,  and  furnishes  especially  com- 
modious quarters  for  the  uses  of  the  school. 
It  has  a  frontage  of  180  feet  on  Dearborn 
Street  and  160  feet  on  Lake  Street,  and 
since  it  came  into  the  possession  of  the  Uni- 
versity, has  undergone  thorough  reconstruc- 
tion, fitting  it  for  the  several  departments 
there  located. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


"5 


The  several  schools  in  this  building  are 
entirely  separate  and  distinct  from  each 
other  in  their  respective  rooms,  equipment 
and  special  work — as  much  so  as  if  in  sepa- 
rate buildings — so  situated  as  to  have  a 
much  closer  community  of  interest  and  of 
helpfulness  with  reference  to  each  other 
than  had  previously  existed.  The  annual 
sessions  of  the  Dental  School  are  held  in 
this  new  building,  and  there  is  every  reason 
to  believe  that  in  its  new  and  permanent 
home  the  Dental  department  has  entered 
upon  a  new  period  of  increasmg  prosperity 
and   usefulness. 

ADDEXDUM 

Since  the  above  was  written  Northwest- 
ern University  Dental  School  has  gone  reg- 
ularly forward  with  its  educational  work. 
Dr.  Elgin  MaWhinney  has  been  appointed 
to  fill  the  place  made  vacant  by  the  resigna- 
tion af  Dr.  A.  H.  Peck.  A  vacancy  occur- 
ing  through  the  resignation  of  Dr.  E.  H. 
Angle  is  filled  by  Dr.  Ira  B.  Sellery.     Sec- 


retary Dr.  W.  E.  Harper  resigned  and  his 
place  was  filled  by  the  appointment  of  Dr. 
C.  R.  E.  Koch.  Also  three  of  the  younger 
men  who  had  been  serving  the  school  as 
Demonstrators  and  Lecturers,  have  been 
appointed  Asistant  Professors  to  the  chair 
of  Operative  Dentistry  and  Bacteriology. 
These  are  Dr.  E.  S.  Willard,  in  charge  "of 
Bacteriology ;  Dr.  F.  W.  Gethro,  in  charge 
of  Dental  Anatomy  and  Operative  Tech- 
nics ;  and  Dr.  A.  D.  Black,  in  charge  of  the 
Junior  work  in  Operative  Dentistry. 

The  annual  session  has  been  lengthened 
to  include  thirty-two  weeks  exclusive  of 
holidays,  teaching  six  days  per  week,  mak- 
ing the  actual  work  of  instruction  equal  to 
the  full  nine-months"  academic  course.  The 
educational  requirements  for  registration 
have  also  been  advanced  to  graduation 
from  a  recognized  high  school  or  an  equiv- 
alent preliminary  education. 

The  school  continues  in  a  prosperous 
condition. 


CHAPTER  XIII. 


UNIVERSITY    SCHOOL   OF    PHARMACY 

(By  PROF.  OSCAR  OLDBEBG,  Pharm.  D..  Dean) 


Founding  of  the  School  of  Pharmacy  in 
Connection  zvith  Northwestern  Universi- 
ty— Promoters  of  the  Movement — School 
Opened  in  1886 — Its  Extensive  Equip- 
ment— Instruction  Rooms  and  Labora- 
tories— Number  of  Students  in  Eighteen 
Years — They  arc  Draxcn  from  Practically 
All  the  States  and  Territories — Present 
Location  of  the  Institution — Library  and 
]\ihtc  of  Equipment — Annual  Expendi- 
tures— Faculty  of  1905. 

The  Executive  Committee  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  Northwestern  University, 
upon  the  motion  of  Dr.  David  R.  Dyche,  at 
its  regular  meeting  April  10,  1886,  adopted 
a  resolution  favoring  the  establishment  of  a 
School  of  Pharmacy  and  invited  the  co-op- 
eration of  friends  of  sound  pharmaceutical 
education  in  the  project.  Associated  with 
Dr.  Dyche  in  this  movement  were  Messrs. 
Ezekiel  H.  Sargent,  Theodore  H.  Patterson, 
Wilhelm  Bodemann,  Henry  S.  Maynard, 
Oscar  Oldberg  and  John  H.  Long.  The  or- 
ganization of  the  school  was  completed  and 
the  addition  of  this  department  of  the  Uni- 
versity was  formally  approved  by  vote  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees  in  June.  The  new 
school  was  opened  to  students  on  the  first 
day  of  October,  1886,  with  a  more  extensive 
equipment  than  that  of  any  other  American 
pharmaceutical  school  existing  at  that  time. 
In  addition  to  its  other  instruction   rooms 


the  School  of  Pharmacy  of  Northwestern 
University  provided  four  laboratories.  One 
of  these — and  the  first  of  its  kind  in  the 
history  of  pharmaceutical  education — was 
a  special  laboratory  for  systematic  practical 
training  in  the  work  of  preparing  and  dis- 
pensing medicines  in  accordance  with  phy- 
sicians' prescriptions.  This  "dispensing 
laboratory  "  proved  to  be  one  of  the  most 
important  and  useful  features  of  the  new  in- 
stitution. The  other  laboratories  were  a 
chemical,  a  microscopical,  and  a  manufac- 
turing laboratory. 

During  the  first  eighteen  years  of  its  ca- 
reer, from  1886  to  1904,  the  School  of  Phar- 
macy of  Northwestern  University  has  had 
an  annual  attendance  averaging  215  stu- 
dents. These  students  have  come  from  all 
the  States  and  Territories  of  the  United 
States  except  Nevada  and  Delaware.  De- 
grees have  been  conferred  by  this  school 
upon  1,516  graduates  up  to  the  end  of  the 
academic  year  1 903- 1904.  The  number  of 
students  in  attendance  in  1903- 1904  was 
284. 

The  School  of  Pharmacy  is  now  housed 
in  Northwestern  University  Building,  cor- 
ner of  Lake  and  Dearborn  streets,  Chicago, 
where  it  occupies  all  of  the  fourth  and  part 
of  the  fifth  floor,  the  twenty-six  rooms  used 
exclusively  by  this  school  having  a  total 
floor  space  of  about  27,000  square  feet.  It 
has  now  seven  laboratories,  with  an  aggre- 


ii8 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


gate  floor  space  of  10,780  square  feet  and 
provided  with  over  300  individual  work' 
tables,  enabling  that  number  of  students  to 
be  concurrently  at  work.  There  are  two  lec- 
ture rooms,  one  capable  of  seating  184  pu- 
pils and  the  other  96. 

The  library  of  this  school  contains  about 
1,000  bound  volumes,  of  an  estimated  value 
of  not  less  than  $3,400  (March,  1905).  The 
museum  contains  over  2,000  selected  speci- 
mens of  drugs,  pharmaceutical  and  chemical 
products,  industrial  materials,  etc. 

The  value  of  the  furniture,  fixtures,  ap- 
paratus, instruments,  books,  museum  speci- 
mens and  other  educational  equipment  and 
materials  is  not  less  than  $26,500   ("March, 

1905)- 

The  annual  expenditures,  including  sal- 
aries, furniture,  apparatus,  materials  and 
other  necessary  current  school  expenses, 
amount  to  about  $29,000.  It  should  be  re- 
membered that  this  sum  does  not  include 
any  rent. 

The  teaching  staff  of  the  School  of  Phar- 
macy in  1905  embraced  the  following 
names : 

Thomas  Franklin  Holgate,  Ph.  D.,  .\cting  President  of 
the  University. 

Oscar  Oldberg,  Pharm.  D..  Dean.  Professor  of  Phar- 
macy  and   Director  of  the    Pharmaceutical   Laboratories. 

William  Edward  Quine,  M.  D.,  Emeritus  Professor 
Physiology,  Therapeutics  and  Toxicology. 

Harry  Mann  Gordin,  Ph.  D.,  {University  of  Berne. 
Switzerland).  Professor  of  Organic  Chemistry  and  Di- 
rector of  the  Organic  Chemical   Laboratory. 


Theodore  Whittelsey,  Ph.  D.  (University  of  Goettingen, 
Germany),  Professor  of  Inorganic  and  Analytical  Chem- 
istry, and  Director  of  the  Inorganic  Chemical  Labora- 
tories. 

Raymond  H.  Pond,  Ph.  D.  (University  of  Michigan), 
Professor  of  Botany,  Microscopy,  Pharmacognosy  and 
Bacteriology,  and  Director  of  the  Microscopical  and 
Bacteriological   Laboratories. 

Maurice  Ashbel  Miner,  Pharm.  M.  (University  of  Mich- 
igan), Assistant  Professor  of  Pharmacy,  in  charge  of  the 
Manufacturing  Laboratory.      Curator. 

Charles  Waggener  Paterson,  Sc.  B.,  Ph.  C.  (North- 
western University),  .\ssistant  Professor  of  Organic  Ana- 
lytical Pharmaceutical  Chemistry,  in  charge  of  the  Or- 
ganic Chemical  Laboratory.     Registrar. 

Harry  Kahn,  Pharm.  M.  (University  of  Michigan), 
M.  D.  (Northwestern),  Assistant  Professor  of  Phys- 
iology and  Materia  Medica. 

David  Charles  Eccles,  Sc.  B.,  A.  M.  (Columbia  Uni- 
versity), Instructor  in  Pharmacy,  in  Charge  of  the  Dis- 
pensing Laboratory,   Secretary  of  the  Faculty. 

Gustave  E.  F.  Lundell,  Sc.  B.  (Cornell  University),  In- 
structor in  the  Inorganic  Chemical  Laboratories. 

Gerhard  H.  Jensen,  Sc.  B.  (Cornell  University),  In- 
structor in   Botany  and  Pharmacognosy. 

John  Ferd.  Fischnar,  Ph.  C.  (Northwestern),  Assistant 
in   the    Pharmaceutical    Laboratory. 

William  Henry  Harrison,  Ph.  C.  (Northwestern),  As- 
sistant in  the  Chemical   Laboratories. 

Ernest  Woollett.  College  Clerk,  Instructor  in  Book- 
keeping and  Business  Methods. 

Lee  R.  Girton.  Ph.  G.,  Lecture  Assistant  in  Inor- 
ganic Chemistry. 

All  these  teachers  devote  their  time  to 
the  School  of  Pharmacy  exclusively,  with 
the  exception  of  the  Professor  of  Physiolo- 
gy and  Materia  Medica,  who  has  no  labora- 
tory courses  under  his  charge. 

The  professors  are  provided  with  private 
offices  and  laboratories  for  the  effective  per- 
formance of  their  duties  under  the  most 
favorable  conditions  and  for  research  work. 


CHAPTER  XIV. 


THE  WOMAN'S   MEDICAL   SCHOOL 

(By  ELIZA  H.  ROOT,  M.  D.) 


Demand  for  Higher  Education  for  Women 
— First  Steps  in  Founding  Woman's  Med- 
ical College — Promoters  of  Movement  in 
Chicago  —  "Woman's  Hospital  Medical 
College"  Founded  in  i8yo — First  Faculty 
— Story  of  "The  Little  Barn" — Career  of 
Dr.  Mary  H.  Thompson,  Drs.  Byford, 
Dyas  and  Others — Some  Notable  Gradu- 
ates— A  Period  of  Struggle — Institution 
Reorganised  in  iSjy  as  Woman's  Medical 
College — President  Byford  Dies  in  i8go 
— Institution  Affiliated  with  Northzvest- 
ern  University — Is  Discontinued  in  lom 
— Graduates  in  Foreign  Missionary  and 
Other  Fields — Alumnae   Organisation. 

About  the  middle  of  the  nineteenth  cen- 
tury there  was  a  great  awakening  alona: 
lines  of  intellectual  freedom.  It  spread  like 
a  tidal  wave  over  the  country,  and  it  trav- 
eled into  the  frontier  West  in  "the  prairie 
schooner."  The  slave  question  became  a 
burninc:  one,  and  one  that  required  courage 
to  attack  openly.  Women  caught  the  spirit 
of  the  times  and  began  to  enter  their  own 
claims  for  greater  freedom.  Equal  suf- 
frage came  to  the  front,  enlisting  men  as  its 
champions,  and  brought  women  before  the 
public  with  a  most  unprecedented  frequency 
and  prominence.  The  question  of  a  more 
liberal  education  for  women  became  a  ques- 
tion of  fervent  heat,  permeating  every  walk 
of  life.    Women  began  to  teach  in  our  pub- 


lic schools  and  to  plead  for  better  prepara- 
tion for  their  work. 

No  question,  perhaps,  has  enlisted  the 
championship  of  noble,  free-minded  men 
and  women  more  than  did  the  question  of 
admitting  women  to  our  colleges  and  uni- 
versities on  the  same  terms  as  men.  Among 
the  innovations  of  that  time  was  the  urgent 
appeal  made  to  the  medical  colleges  by  wo- 
men seeking  a  medical  training.  There 
was  no  use  in  trying  to  evade  the  question ; 
it  was  up  and  sides  must  be  taken,  and  were 
taken.  Men  of  noble  stamp  took  the  affirma- 
tive and  advocated  the  right  of  women  to  a 
medical  education.  Men  of  equally  noble 
stamp,  but  less  liberal  in  their  views,  took 
the  negative,  and  would  lock  all  doors  of 
learning  against  the  importuning  woman. 
In  the  eastern  part  of  our  country  medical 
schools  were  approached,  but  no  entrance 
was  obtained  until  Dr.  Elizabeth  Black- 
well  succeeded  in  gaining  entrance  to  the 
Geneva  Medical  School  in  New  York,  from 
which  she  graduated  in  1849.  In  Philadel- 
phia the  movement  met  with  an  opposition 
that  led  to  the  founding,  in  1850,  of  the 
Woman's  Medical  College  of  Pennsylva- 
nia, which  is  still  a  prosperous  school  of 
medicine.  In  the  Middle  West  women  were 
repeatedly  asking  for  admission  to  the  Med- 
ical Colleges  of  Chicago  and  elsewhere. 

In  1852  Emily  Blackwell  attended  a 
course  of  lectures  in  Rush  Medical  College. 


119 


I20 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


She  was  denied  admission  the  second  year 
and  went  to  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

There  are  very  incomplete  records  of  this 
case,  but  referring  to  this  period  of  inquiry 
that  led  to  the  founding  of  the  Medical  Col- 
lege for  Women  in  Chicago,  the  late  Pro- 
fessor Charles  Warrington  Earle  says: 
"This  much,  however,  is  known ;  the  Illinois 
Medical  Society,  saturated  with  the  then 
prevailing  prejudices  against  female  medi- 
cal education,  censured  the  college  for  ad- 
mitting women  to  its  institution." 

Six  or  eight  years  after  this  Dr.  Mary  H. 
Thompson  came  to  Chicago  and  entered 
upon  practice.  The  city  had  poor  hospital 
facilities  at  this  time,  and  when  the  Civil 
War  broke  out  between  the  North  and  the 
South,  many  women — soldiers'  wives — were 
left  with  children  helpless  and  nearly  desti- 
tute. To  meet  the  demands  for  medical  care 
made  by  these  women  and  their  children 
and  the  poor  generally,  the  Chicago  Hospi- 
tal for  Women  and  Children  was  founded 
in  1865.  This  hospital,  founded  on  the  basis 
of  a  charitable  institution,  soon  won  a  cli- 
entele among  the  poor,  its  dispensary  and 
wards  being  well  patronized.  The  clinical 
advantages  afforded  by  the  hospital  conse- 
quently provided  the  nearest  approach  to 
an  institution  for  medical  instruction  that 
was  open  to  women  in  the  West  seeking  a 
medical  education.  Applications  were  made 
to  the  hospital  for  clinical  instruction  ;  but 
while  the  hospital  could  furnish  excellent 
clinical  advantages,  there  was  no  place  pro- 
vided for  giving  didactic  instruction,  and  no 
properly  organized  body  to  bestow  a  medi- 
cal diploma  when  the  course  was  finished. 

Dr.  Mary  H.  Thompson,  who  took  an 
active  part  in  founding  the  hospital,  asked 
at  two  different  times  for  the  admission  of 
women  into  Rush  Medical  College  and  was 
refused.  In  the  meantime  she  became  ac- 
quainted with  Dr.  William  Heath  Byford, 
of  the  Chicago  ]\Iedical  College,  which  was 


then,  as  now,  the  Medical  Department  of 
the  Northwestern  University.  Dr.  Byford 
espoused  the  cause  of  the  women  who  were 
asking  for  admission  to  medical  lectures. 
He  laid  the  matter  before  his  Faculty,  giv- 
ing the  measure  his  hearty  support.  This 
college  consented  to  admit  women,  but  only 
four  entered.  The  remainder  of  the  appli- 
cants, pending  the  discussion  and  aware  of 
the  uncertainty  of  what  the  decision  might 
be,  had  gone  East  to  the  Woman's  Medical 
College  in  Philadelphia,  to  New  York,  or 
had  given  up  the  idea  of  studying  medicine. 
The  four  women  who  entered  the  Chicago 
Medical  College — one  of  the  number  being 
Dr.  Thompson  herself — attended  lectures  in 
that  institution  for  one  year.  Dr.  Thomp- 
son, already  a  graduate  in  medicine,  re- 
ceived the  diploma  of  the  institution,  which 
was  granted,  after  some  hesitancy  and  warm 
discussion  upon  the  propriety  of  granting 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine  to  a  wo- 
man. Dr.  Thompson  was  thus  the  first  and 
only  woman,  for  years,  to  hold  a  diploma  of 
the  Northwestern  University  Medical  Col- 
lege of  Chicago. 

The  following  year  "mixed  classes"  were 
found  to  be  objectionable,  and  women  were 
refused  further  admission.  This  refusal,  to- 
gether with  the  increasing  number  of  appli- 
cations, determined  the  founding  of  the 
Woman's  Hospital  Medical  College  in  1870. 

Once  decided  upon,  the  despatch  with 
which  this  college  started,  notwithstanding 
the  lack  of  money  for  the  enterprise,  is  re- 
markable, and  is  characteristic  of  the  ener- 
gy and  push  that  existed  among  the  citizens 
of  a  young  and  growing  city. 

Dr.  Byford  was  the  instigator,  by  sugges- 
tion and  generous  aid,  of  the  establishment 
of  the  new  college.  He  was,  in  fact,  its 
founder. 

"The  first  meeting,"  according  to  the  rec- 
ords, "was  held  at  Dr.  Byford's  office,  at 
No.   60   State    Street,   Chicago,   August   2, 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


121 


1870."  This  meeting  was  held  "for  the  pur- 
pose of  considering  the  expediency  of  the 
organization  of  a  Woman's  Medical  College 
in  Chicago."  There  were  eight  physicians 
present  at  that  first  meeting:  Drs.  William 
H.  Byford,  Mary  H.  Thompson,  Eugene 
Marguerat.  R.  G.  Bogue,  Norman  Bridge, 
Charles  Warrington  Earle,  Addison  H.  Fos- 
ter and  T.  D.  Fitch.  A  Faculty  was  formed, 
in  part,  that  night,  and  was  composed  of 
those  present  at  the  meeting,  with  Dr.  Wil- 
liam Godfrey  Dyas  added  to  the  list.  Of 
this  original  number,  only  three  are  now  liv- 
ing (March,  1905),  Drs.  Marguerat  and 
Foster,  both  now  weighted  with  years,  and 
men  who  have  followed  an  active  pioneer 
practice  that  has  been  crowned  with  achieve- 
ments that  have  contributed  to  the  making 
of  modern  methods  in  medical  education 
and  practice  possible,  and  Dr.  Normsn 
Bridge,  now  of  Pasadena,  Cal.,  who  has 
won  an  honorable  and  honored  place  in 
the  medical  profession  and  who  is  widely 
known  as  an  authority  on  tuberculosis  and 
climatology. 

At  this  same  meeting — a  most  important 
one  in  its  relation  to  the  medical  training 
of  women  in  the  West — committees  were 
appointed  for  the  purpose  of  procuring  a 
place  m  which  college  work  could  be  com- 
menced. 

A  little  band  of  nine  physicians,  without 
means  and  without  professional  sympathy 
or  approval,  was  now  a  college  without  a 
home.  But  this  difficulty  was  soon  over- 
come. By  October  i.  1870,  the  faculty  was 
completed  and  a  home  secured. 

The  records  are  very  meager  in  regard  to 
this  important  event.  But  it  is  evident  that 
some  ceremony  was  observed,  for  Dr.  Bv- 
ford  was  chosen  on  September  12,  1870, 
"for  the  opening  address  to  be  given  in  a 
public  hall."  At  this  same  meeting  a  "time 
table"  was  adopted,  and  a  committee  on  an- 
nouncement was  appointed. 


The  college  was  founded  under  the  name 
of  "The  Woman's  Hospital  Medical  Col- 
lege of  Chicago,"  with  Dr.  Byford  as  its 
President.  Drs.  Byford,  Thompson  and 
Dyas  (with  his  noble  and  high-minded 
wife,  Miranda  B.  Sherwood  Dyas)  were 
active  promoters  of  the  new  college  and 
the  hospital ;  in  fact,  the  hospital  was  more 
than  once  saved  from  rum  by  the  energy, 
influence  and  faith  in  the  cause  by  Mrs. 
Dyas. 

In  an  address  delivered  February  27, 
1879,  Dr.  Dyas  said  of  the  school's  origin: 
"Whatever  merit  attaches  to  the  project — 
whether  in  its  inception,  in  its  further- 
ance, or  in  its  subsequent  progress — can  be 
claimed  by  no  one  to  the  same  extent  as  by 
Professor  Byford."  Just  and  true  as  this 
tribute  is,  to  one  who  gave  so  much  of  his 
life  to  this  institution,  it  must  not  be  for- 
gotten that  Dr.  Dyas  himself,  and  his  wife, 
took  no  small  part  in  promoting  the  college, 
especially  in  its  early  history  and  its  strug- 
gles against  adversity,  prejudice  and  fire. 

The  first  regular  course  of  lectures  began 
with  seventeen  students,  and  was  given  in 
the  building  occupied  by  the  hospital  re- 
ferred to  above,  then  situated  at  402  North 
Clark  Street,  Chicago.  The  session  was  a 
greater  success  than  the  most  sanguine 
friends  of  the  movement  had  dared  to  hope. 
The  year  closed  with  the  first  graduating 
exercises  (1871).  A  class  of  three  were 
given  diplomas  by  the  college.  All  three  of 
these  ladies  had  had  a  first  year's  course  in 
some  other  college — two  of  the  number — 
Mrs.  Kent  and  Julia  Cole-Blackman — hav- 
ing taken  theirs  in  the  Chicago  Medical  Col- 
lege the  year  before. 

A  spring  course,  from  April  i  to  July 
I,  1871,  was  held,  and  was  attended  by  fif- 
teen students.  The  second  session  began 
October  3,  1871.  in  rooms  fitted  up  at  Nos. 
I  and  3  North  Clark  Street,  near  the  bridge, 
with  the   following  named  Faculty,  which 


122 


NORTHWESTERN'  UNIVERSITY 


was  practically  the  same  as  that  for  the  first 
year:  William  H.  Byford,  M.  D.,  Presi- 
dent of  the  Faculty  and  Professor  of  Clin- 
ical Surgery  of  Women ;  William  G.  Dyas, 
M.  D.,  F.  R.  C.  S.  I.,  Professor  of  Theory 
and  Practice  of  Medicine ;  A.  Fisher,  M.  D., 
Professor  Emeritus  of  Surgery ;  R.  G. 
Bogue,  M.  D.,  Treasurer  of  the  Faculty  and 
Professor  of  Surgery;  T.  D.  Fitch,  M.  D., 
Secretary  of  the  Faculty  and  Professor  of 
Diseases  of  Women ;  Eugent  Marguerat, 
M.  D.,  Professor  of  Obstetrics ;  Charles  G. 
Smith.  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Diseases  of 
Children ;  Mary  H.  Thompson,  M.  D.,  Pro- 
fessor of  Hygiene  and  Clinical  Obstetrics 
and  Diseases  of  Women :  Samuel  C.  Blake. 
M.  D.,  Professor  of  Diseases  of  the  Mind 
and  Nervous  System;  G.  C.  Paoli,  M.  D., 
Professor  of  Materia  Medica  and  Thera- 
peutics;  S.  A.  Mc Williams,  M.  D.,  Profes- 
sor of  Anatomy;  Charles  W.  Earle,  M.  D., 
Proftssor  of  Physiology ;  Norman  Bridge. 
M.  D.,  Professor  of  Pathology;  A.  H.  Fos- 
ter, M.  D.,  Professor  of  Surgical  Anatomy 
and  Operations  in  Surgery;  M.  Delafon- 
taine.  Ph.  D.,  Professor  of  Chemistry; 
Samuel  Cole,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Ophthal- 
mology and  Otology ;  P.  S.  MacDonald,  M. 
D.,  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy.  Six  of  this 
Faculty  were  clinical  instructors  at  the  Chi- 
cago Hospital  for  Women  and  Children 
,-ind  at  the  Cook  County  Hospital.  The 
Board  of  Trustees  was  chosen  from  the 
Faculty  and  from  the  Hospital  Board  (see 
second  annual  announcement  1871-72), 
which  united  the  two  institutions,  ostensibly 
in  oneness  of  purpose,  if  not  in  harmony. 

The  work  of  the  young  College  was 
scarcely  well  begun  when  the  Great  Fire 
of  October  9,  1871,  swept  away  the  college 
and  hospital,  with  all  their  material  belong- 
ings. The  fire  swept  away  the  larger  part 
of  the  city,  including  its  entire  business  por- 
tion. Desolation  and  ruin  were  complete 
throughout     the     city.      Although     three- 


fourths  of  the  Faculty  had  lost  their  homes, 
their  offices  and  libraries,  the  members  con- 
vened on  the  loth  of  October,  amid  the 
smoking  ruins  of  a  destroyed  city,  and  de- 
cided that  the  College  should  be  continued. 
The  scattered  students  were  notified  and 
lectures  were  resumed  on  the  West  Side — 
the  only  considerable  portion  of  the  city  that 
had  escaped  the  fire.  A  residence  at  ,^41 
West  Adams  Street  aflforded  shelter  to  the 
College,  while  the  hospital  was  re-established 
at  another  residence,  600  West  Adams 
Street,  which  is  still  standing.  To  this  loca- 
tion the  College  was  soon  again  moved.  In 
1872  the  College  was  moved  again,  this  time 
to  a  home  of  its  own,  the  first  in  its  hither- 
to checkered  existence.  This  home  is  known 
in  the  history  of  the  institution  as  "The  Lit- 
tle Barn."  This  barn  was  of  mean  propor- 
tions, situated  in  the  rear  of  the  lot  occu- 
pied by  the  hospital — and  on  which  the  hos- 
pital now  stands — on  the  corner  of  Adams 
and  Paulina  Streets.  The  barn,  as  it  stood, 
was  offered  gratuitously  by  the  hospital  au- 
thorities to  the  Faculty  for  a  college  build- 
ing. Enough  money  was  expended  upon 
this  shabby  old  barn,  built  of  wood,  to  make 
a  fairly  comfortable  and  moderately  con- 
venient Woman's  Medical  College.  On  the 
first  floor  was  a  small  lecture  room,  which 
served  as  a  library,  faculty  room  and  mu- 
seum. The  second  floor  was  used  for  prac- 
tical anatomy. 

There  were  five  classes  graduated  from 
"the  little  barn,"  the  members  of  which 
have  attained  to  honor  and  able  distinction 
in  the  medical  profession.  Among  those 
most  successful  may  be  mentioned  the  fol- 
lowing: 

Dr.  Julia  Cole-BIackman,  of  Geneva,  111., 
whose  life  has  been  devoted  to  matters  per- 
taining to  medicine,  as  the  wife  of  one  of 
the  leading  surgeons  of  Kane  county.  111., 
and  the  only  surviving  member  of  her  class. 
She  was  the  first  woman  to  become  a  mem- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


123 


ber  of  the  Fox  River  \'alley  Medical  So- 
ciety, and  has  been  an  active  and  honored 
member  for  years. 

Dr.  Rosa  Engert,  of  the  class  of  1873 
(there  was  no  class  graduated  in  1872), 
was  of  German  birth  and  practiced  medicine 
in  Chicago  for  many  years,  when  she  re- 
tired to  private  life.  She  came  to  Chicago 
after  receiving  a  training  in  a  German 
school  of  midwifery.  She  was  not  satisfied 
with  the  limits  to  which  this  training  con- 
fined her,  so  she  entered  the  College  and 
became  one  of  its  honored  graduates.  She 
was  at  one  time  attending  surgeon  at  the 
Chicago  Hospital  for  Women  and  Children, 
and  connected  with  the  College  as  instructor. 
She  also  established  the  Engert  Prize  for 
the  best  work  with  the  microscope  and 
maintained  it  for  several  years.  Dr.  Alar- 
garet  E.  Holland,  of  the  same  class,  served 
the  Chicago  Hospital  for  Women  and  Chil- 
dren, as  interne,  for  one  year  after  gradua- 
tion, and  then  went  to  Houston,  Texas, 
where  she  still  is  in  practice.  She  has  done 
praiseworthy  pioneer  work  for  the  medical 
woman,  winning  the  respect  and  confidence 
of  the  medical  profession  of  a  conservative 
.Southern  city  and  a  practice  that  has 
brought  her  a  fitting  competency.  She  has 
served  in  various  positions  in  which  her 
work  has  promoted  the  public  health  and 
welfare. 

Of  the  class  of  1874  Dr.  Lucinda  Corr,  of 
Carlinville,  111.,  has  won  distinction  as  a 
physician  of  skill  and  as  an  active  philan- 
thropist. She  has  always  been  an  active 
member  of  the  Illinois  State  Medical  So- 
ciety, taking  active  part  in  its  proceedings, 
and  has  won  an  honorable  place  in  the 
ranks  of  the.  profession  in  Illinois,  where 
she  stood  shoulder  to  shoulder  with  her 
husband,  a  broad-minded  man  of  ability 
and  endowed  with  an  enterprising  public 
spirit.  Dr.  Lettie  Mason  Quine,  of  the  same 
class,  was  the  first  medical  missionarv  sent 


to  China  from  this  College  and  the  third 
medical  woman  sent  to  China  by  the  Wo- 
man's Foreign  Missionary  Society  of  the 
.Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  After  her  re- 
turn to  America  she  became  the  wife  of  Dr. 
William  E.  Quine,  of  Chicago,  and  contin- 
ued active  in  missionary  society  work  and 
never  lost  her  interest  in  the  medical  mis- 
sionary. She  died  an  honored  and  valuable 
member  of  the  Xorthwest  Branch  of  the  M. 
E.  Woman's  Foreign  Mission  Board. 

Last,  but  not  least  of  this  class,  may  be 
mentioned  Dr.  Sarah  Hackett  Stevenson, 
who  is  widely  known  and  who  has  won 
place  and  position  in  college,  hospital  and 
society  excelled  by  none  and  equaled  by  few. 
After  graduation  in  medicine  with  honors, 
she  was  appointed  to  the  chair  of  Physiolo- 
gy in  her  Alma  Mater,  which  slie  filled  un- 
til 1 88 1,  when  she  resigned  this  chair  to 
take  that  of  Obstetrics,  which  she  filled  un- 
til 1894,  when  she  resigned  from  the  Fac- 
ulty. While  a  member  of  the  Facultv  she 
was,  for  a  time,  its  Secretary.  Pier  vote 
on  questions  of  standards  is  found  record- 
ed in  favor  of  the  highest,  even  when  ex- 
pediency demanded  a  medium  policy.  She 
founded  the  Chicago  Maternity  Hospital, 
an  unique  institution,  in  that  it  has  con- 
nected with  it  a  training  school  for  nursery 
maids.  She  was  the  first  woman  to  secure 
membership  in  the  American  Medical  Asso- 
ciation. 

Of  the  class  of  1875  Dr.  Edith  A.  Root, 
of  Denver,  Colo.,  may  be  mentioned  as  the 
most  prominent  figure.  She  has  practiced  in 
Denver,  where  she  first  located  over  thirty 
years  ago,  and  has  done  her  share  of  pio- 
neer work  in  winning  confidence  for  the 
medical  woman.  Of  t"he  class  of  1876  Drs. 
Margaret  Caldwell  of  Waukesha,  Wis.,  and 
Harriet  E.  Garrison  of  Dixon,  111.,  are 
both  conspicuous  examples  of  successful 
achievements  attained  by  medical    women. 

Leaving  the  alumnae  of  "the  little  barn" 


124 


NORTHWESTERN  UNIVERSITY 


and  returning  to  the  history  of  the  College 
proper,  we  approach  a  new  epoch  in  the 
history  of  the  institution.  As  early  as  1873 
there  began  a  growing  dissatisfaction 
among  students  and  Faculty  regarding  "the 
little  barn"  as  a  properly  equipped  college 
building.  Many  means  of  escape  from  the 
increasing  dilemma  were  thought  of,  chief 
among  which  was  a  new  building.  Union 
with  the  Northwestern  University  was  also 
discussed,  and  a  committee  was  appointed 
as  early  as  1875  to  confer  with  the  Universi- 
ty regarding  the  matter.  Nothmg  more  than 
a  report  "of  progress"  ever  came  of  this 
committee's  efforts.  There  was  no  money 
for  University  affiliation  nor  for  the  new 
building;  still  the  idea  of  a  new  college 
building  was'not  lost  sight  of  by  the  more 
interested  and  progressive  members  of  the 
Faculty  who  were  anxious  to  put  the  Col- 
lege upon  a  more  substantial  footing.  Dur- 
ing this  same  year  several  resignations  from 
the  Faculty  took  place;  the  office  of  Corre- 
sponding Secretary  was  created  and  Dr. 
Mary  H.  Thompson  was  elected  to  fill  the 
position ;  some  amendments  to  the  constitu- 
tion and  by-laws  were  enacted  for  the  pur- 
pose of  improving  the  existing  standard  for 
entrance  upon  the  study  of  medicine  and 
for  graduation,  and  Dr.  Sarah  Hackett 
Stevenson  was  appointed  to  the  chair  of 
Physiology.  The  new  building  remained  a 
matter  of  prime  importance  in  the  minds  of 
those  who  strongly  favored  the  movement, 
while  others  as  strongly  opposed  it.  believ- 
ing it  to  be  "an  unwarranted  venture."  The 
prospects  for  further  progress  were  cer- 
tainly not  very  encouraging ;  finances  were 
low,  and  some  of  the  most  desirable  mem- 
bers of  the  Faculty  were  threatening  to  re- 
sign if  the  building  was  undertaken.  As  an 
indication  of  the  financial  standing  we  find 
these  figures  for  the  year  1874:  "Receipts, 
$758;  expenditures,  $958,  with  but  few  as- 
sets and  a   debt  on  the  present  building." 


Notwithstanding  these  gloomy  and  discour- 
aging conditions,  there  were  those  on  the 
Faculty  who  firmly  believed  that  the  means 
for  a  new  building  were  within  reach,  if  a 
proper  plan  could  be  agreed  upon.  While 
desirable  progress  must  remain  at  a  stand- 
still, for  awhile  at  least,  the  college  course 
must  be  provided  for.  Vacancies,  caused 
by  resignations,  were  filled ;  the  course 
(1874)  was  made  to  consist  of  twenty-one 
weeks ;  holiday  vacations  were  provided 
for  and  the  summer  courses  were  continued. 

During  this  period  of  the  College  historv. 
Dr.  William  Godfrey  Dyas  was  President 
of  the  Faculty;  he  was  elected  in  April, 
1873,  and  served  until  the  year  1877,  Dr. 
Byford  meanwhile  remaining  President  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees  and  on  the  list  of 
teachers.  In  1876  finances  were  a  little 
easier.  The  total  receipts  for  that  year 
were  $1,105;  expenditures,  $893.93,  with 
assets  $533.57;  liabilities,  $555.50.  This 
year  the  munificent  sum  of  $25  was  appro- 
priated for  the  Department  of  Chemistry, 
to  which  Dr.  Plymon  S.  Hayes  had  been 
appointed  to  succeed  Dr.  Delafontanic.  re- 
signed. The  facilities  for  teaching  were 
seriously  affected  by  the  financial  stringen- 
cy, and  students  naturally  complained. 
"The  little  barn"  was  uncomfortably  small 
and  wholly  inadequate  for  proper  class 
work. 

In  May,  1876,  a  committee  was  appointed 
on  a  new  building,  progress  was  slow  and 
conditions  began  to  be  desperate.  At  a 
meeting  held  early  in  1877,  we  find  it  re- 
corded that,  "Professor  Earle  delivered  the 
same  old  speech  on  a  New  College."  This 
year  proved  a  revolutionary  year  in  the 
history  of  the  College.  In  February  and 
March  of  this  year  of  1877,  it  became  im- 
perative that  something  be  done.  The  num- 
ber of  students  was  falling  off ;  the  restrain- 
ing conservatism  of  a  large  number  of  the 
Faculty,  together  with  the  half-hearted  in- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


125 


terest  they  took  in  the  worK  of  "teaching 
women,"  blocked  all  progress.  A  commit- 
tee was  appointed,  composed  of  Professors 
Byford,  Dyas  and  Bartlett,  to  investigate 
the  institution  in  all  its  bearings  upon 
medical  instruction.  This  committee  re- 
ported that,  for  the  future  life  and  progress 
of  the  school,  it  was  indispensable  to  secure 
a  better  building  and  apparatus  for  teach- 
ing purposes,  and  that  the  poor  attendance 
and  half-hearted  interest  on  the  part  of 
the  Faculty  was  working  great  harm  to 
the  institution.  To  build  or  rent  a  building 
was  now  the  question.  The  latter  would 
involve  a  large  expenditure  of  money  and 
add  little  or  nothing  to  the  property  hold- 
ings of  the  College.  This  step  was  advo- 
cated by  some  and  opposed  by  others.  The 
new  building  idea  was  strongly  he'd  to  by 
a  few  devoted  and  progressive  members  of 
the  Faculty,  and  it  was  strongly  opposed 
by  those  who  held  illiberal  and  pessimistic 
views  on  the  cause  they  had  practically 
espoused.  It  was  impossible  to  arrive  at 
any  agreement.  Affiliation  with  the  North- 
western University  was  again  considered, 
but  there  were  financial  reasons  on  both 
sides  that  made  affiliation  impracticable. 

At  a  meeting  held  March  27,  1877,  Dr. 
Byford  spoke  warmly  of  the  lack  of  ap- 
paratus, and  means  of  illustrating  lectures, 
the  tardiness  and  want  of  interest  shown 
by  the  Faculty,  and  the  extreme  poverty 
of  the  College.  Something  must  be  done 
or  close  the  College.  At  this  meeting  a 
committee  of  three  was  appointed  with  Dr. 
William  H.  Byford,  Chairman,  for  the 
purpose  of  suggesting  a  name  for  a  new 
College,  to  be  reorganized  "on  some  basis 
which  would  insure  better  facilities  for 
teaching  and  a  better  place  to  teach  in." 
A  motion  prevailed  at  this  meeting  that 
every  member  of  the  Faculty,  except  the 
committee  on  reorganization,  resign.  Res- 
ignations   were    handed    in    and    Dr.    Dyas 


vacated  the  chair,  which  was  now  occupied 
by  the  Chairman  of  the  Reorganization 
Committee. 

The  Faculty  as  reorganized  con^iisted  of 
William  Heath  Byford,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  Pres- 
ident and  Professor  of  Obstetrics  ;  T.  Davis 
Fitch,  j\l.  D.,  Secretary  of  the  Faculty  and 
Professor  of  Gynecology;  Charles  War- 
rington Earle,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  Treasurer 
and  Professor  of  Diseases  of  Children; 
Isaac  Newton  Danforth,  A.  M.,  M.  D., 
Professor  of  Pathology;  John  E.  Owens, 
M.  D.,  Professor  of  Surgery;  Henry  M. 
Lyman,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Theory 
and  Practice  of  Medicine;  Daniel  Roberts 
Brower,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Ma- 
teria Medica,  Therapeutics  and  Nervous 
Diseases;  Sarah  Hackett  Stevenson,  M.  D., 
Corresponding  Secretary  and  Professor  of 
Physiology;  David  Wilson  Graham,  A.  M., 
M.  D.,  Professor  of  Anatomy;  Plymon  S. 
Hays,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Chemistry.  Dr. 
Mary  H.  Thompson  was  invited  to  the  chair 
of  Clinical  Medicine,  but  refused  to  accept. 
This  was  certainly  a  missed  opportunity, 
for  the  doctor  had  absolute  control  of  the 
clinical  material  at  the  Chicago  Hospital  for 
women  and  children,  the  one  institution 
where  women  could  or  should  have  been 
able  to  receive  bedside  instruction — a  priv- 
ilege decidedly  limited  in  the  men's  colleges 
at  that  time.  The  new  Faculty  organized, 
it  now  became  necessary  to  form  a  plan 
that  would  secure  the  means  needed  for 
building. 

This  new  organization  began  business 
with  the  sum  of  ten  dollars  in  its  treasury. 
Nothing  daunted,  it  organized  a  stock  com- 
pany, in  June,  1877,  under  the  name  of  the 
Woman's  Medical  College  of  Chicago,  sev- 
ering all  organized  connection  with  the  Chi- 
cago Hospital  for  Women  and  Children. 
A  fair-sized  modern  residence,  at  ^^j  and 
339  South  Lincoln  Street,  was  bought  and 
remodeled    into   a   very    complete    College 


126 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


building.  This  building  contained  two 
amphitheaters,  a  comfortable  anatomical 
laboratory,  and  a  fairly  well  equipped  chem- 
ical laboratory.  It  was  a  vast  improvement 
on  the  previous  accommodations.  Indeed, 
it  placed  the  Woman's  Medical  College  of 
Chicago  among  the  recognized  Colleges 
of  Medicine.  Classes  doubled  in  size.  The 
increase  in  requirements  and  demands  for 
better  opportunities  soon  made  it  necessary 
to  erect  a  new  and  larger  building,  which 
was  completed  in  1890.  The  old  building 
was  remodeled  for  laboratory  and  dispen- 
sary purposes,  and  was  connected  directly 
with  the  new  one. 

The  new  building  had  two  amphitheaters 
with  a  seating  capacity  each  of  one  hundred 
and  fifty,  new  laboratories  and  other  ad- 
ditional conveniences.  From  a  poor,  pen- 
niless and  despised  institution,  the  Woman's 
Medical  College  had  grown  to  a  well 
equipped  institution  with  valuable  property 
holdings,  and  its  earnings  allowed  all  run- 
ning expenses  and  a  fair  dividend  rate  on 
the  money  invested.  The  year  that  marked 
the  completion  of  the  second  and  entirely 
new  building  also  marks  the  death  of  Dr. 
Byford,  which  was  a  great  shock  to  the 
College  and  to  the  profession  at  large.  He 
died  on  May  21,  1890,  after  his  life-work 
and  hope  had  been  realized.  A  noble, 
strong  and  practical  friend  had  been  called 
home,  but  another  who  had  been  equally 
devoted,  and  who  had  worked  hard  for 
the  accomplishment  of  these  results,  re- 
mained to  us,  namely,  Charles  Warrington 
Earle,  who  was  elected  President  by  the 
Faculty,  to  succeed  his  life-long  friend  and 
co-worker. 

With  the  change  that  had  taken  place 
in  public  sentiment  concerning  the  admis- 
sion of  women  to  higher  educational  insti- 
tutions, and  the  high  standing  which  the 
College  itself  had  attained,  it  now  seemed 
practicable,  on  the  part  of  the  Northwest- 


ern University  and  on  the  part  of  the  Col- 
lege, that  the  two  institutions  should  be- 
come allied.  This  question  of  alliance 
had  been  considered  before,  but  was  never 
taken  up  with  the  same  seriousness  of  pur- 
pose as  now.  In  1892,  the  College  was 
made  a  department  of  the  University,  and 
assumed  the  name  "Northwestern  Univer- 
sity Woman's  Medical  School."  The  for- 
mer graduates  of  the  College,  "by  the  ac- 
tion of  the  Universities  Authorities,  were 
made  Alumnas  of  the  University."  The 
University  made  additions  to  the  College 
building,  at  considerable  expense,  which 
were  equipped  as  a  chemical  laboratory  and 
commodious  and  convenient  dispensary 
rooms. 

The  school  continued  prosperous  for  a 
few  years,  when  the  number  of  students 
began  to  fall  off  in  consequence  of  co-edu- 
cation being  adopted  in  many  of  the  lead- 
ing medical  colleges  of  the  country,  .^.s 
a  financial  investment  it  began  to  fall  be- 
hind— there  being  a  small  deficit  each  year 
— and  the  University  sold  the  property  and 
closed  the  school  in  June,  1902. 

Dr.  Byford  served  the  College,  except 
for  an  interval  of  about  four  years,  from 
its  organization  in  1870  until  his  death  in 
1890.  He  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  Charles 
Warrington  Earle,  first  as  President  of  the 
Faculty  and  later  as  Dean,  serving  until  his 
death  in  November,  1894.  Dr.  I.  N.  Dan- 
forth  was  then  appointed  Dean  by  the  Uni- 
versity authorities,  and  continued  in  office 
until  1899,  when  he  resigned  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Dr.  Marie  J.  Mergler,  a  graduate 
of  the  class  of  '79,  who  held  the  office  until 
her  death  in  May,  1901.  Dr.  Eliza  H.  Root, 
also  a  graduate  of  the  school  (class  1882), 
was  appointed  Dean  by  the  University 
Trustees,  and  went  out  of  ofiSce  with  the 
closing  of  the  school.  Dr.  John  Ridlon 
succeeded  Dr.  Mergler  as  Secretary  of  the 
Faculty   and    its    Executive   Committee,   in 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


127 


1899,  and  continued  in  office  until  the  school 
was  closed. 

The  school  was  built  up,  maintained  and 
its  welfare  promoted  at  the  expense  of 
much  energy,  faithfulness  and  self-sacrifice 
on  the  part  of  its  most  interested  friends. 
For  many  years  it  was  necessary  for  the 
Faculty  to  assume  large  financial  respon- 
sibility, which  was,  in  fact,  assumed  chief- 
ly by  Drs.  By  ford  and  Earle.  The  work 
accomplished  by  the  school  has  not  been 
a  small  or  an  insignificant  work. 

Early  in  its  history,  missionary  societies 
began  to  inquire  for  terms  for  the  education 
of  their  students  designed  for  the  medical 
mission  field  in  foreign  countries.  Fees 
were  reduced  one-half  for  these  students 
when  the  institution  needed  money,  and  each 
member  of  the  Faculty  was  doing  the  work 
assigned  him  or  her  without  pay  or  price. 
The  training  which  these  students  received 
made  it  a  desirable  and  profitable  measure 
for  the  missionary  societies  to  establish 
scholarships  for  the  education  of  their  med- 
ical missionaries. 

In  1884  a  scholarship — "The  Grace 
Chandler  Scholarship" —  was  created  by 
Mrs.  Chandler,  of  Detroit,  Michigan,  for 
the  Woman's  Presbyterian  Board  of  Mis- 
sions of  the  Northwest.  This  scholarship 
was  secured  through  the  influence  of  Dr. 
Sarah  Cummings-Porter,  a  graduate  of  the 
School  and,  for  many  years,  medical  mis- 
sionary in  Japan,  and  Dr.  D.  W.  Graham, 
a  loyal  friend  of  the  institution  from  the 
time  that  he  came  onto  the  Faculty  in  1877. 
Other  scholarships  were  founded  from  time 
to  time  as   follows : 

Nos.  2-3.  "The  Emily  W.  N.  Scofield 
Scholarship,"  by  Mrs.  Scofield,  of  Elgin, 
III,  for  the  Northwest  Branch  of  the  Wo- 
man's Foreign  Missionary  Society  of  the 
M.   E.   Church. 

No.  4.  "The  IVoinan's  Board  of  Mis- 
sions of  the  Interior"  (of  the  Congrega- 
tional church). 


No.  5.  "The  Woman's  Presbyterian 
Board  of  Missions  of  the  Southwest." 

No.  6.  "The  Elisabeth  Skelton-Danforth 
Memorial  Scholarship." 

This  scholarship  was  founded  by  Pro- 
fessor I.  N.  Danforth,  in  memory  of  his  late 
wife,  and  in  recognition  of  her  long  and 
active  interest  in  all  that  related  to  the  edu- 
cation of  women. 

The  "Lucy  S.  Jugals  Prise  Scholarship" 
was  founded  by  Professor  E.  Fletcher  In- 
gals,  long  a  member  of  the  Faculty,  and 
who  served  the  institution  as  Treasurer 
for  several  years.  This  scholarship  was 
founded  for  the  purpose  of  encouraging  or- 
iginal work  in  Medical  Science  and  to 
promote  higher  medical  education.  It  was 
conferred  as  a  prize  for  excellent  original 
work  done  in  some  branch  pertaining  to 
tlje  Science  of  Medicine. 

Five  of  these  scholarships  were  purely 
missionary,  while  another  was  at  the  dis- 
posal of  other  students  when  a  missionary 
student  was  not  offered  as  a  beneficiary. 
Consequently,  the  Alumnse  of  this  school 
have  furnished  some  fifty  women  medi- 
cal missionaries  who  are  working,  or  who 
have  worked,  in  India,  China,  Japan,  Ko- 
rea, Persia,  Africa,  Mexico  and  Alaska. 
China  alone  has  been  supplied  with  twenty- 
two  women  medical  missionaries  from  this 
school.  Dr.  Lettie  Mason-Quine,  previous- 
ly mentioned,  was  the  first  one  sent  out 
from  this  school ;  Dr.  Anna  D.  Gloss,  of 
Pekin,  China,  class  of  1885,  has  been  in 
the  mission  field  since  her  graduation,  and 
is  still  there  doing  heavy  medical  work. 
Dr.  Gloss  was  sent  out  to  aid  Dr.  Estelle 
Akers-Perkins,  of  the  class  of  1881,  who 
is  still  in  Pekin.  Boxer  uprisings,  plague 
or  famine  have  in  no  way  deterred  these 
women  from  the  work  in  which  they  have 
engaged  heart  and  soul.  Of  the  number 
sent  out,  so  far  as  we  know  to  date,  only 
two  have  died  in  the  field:  Dr.  Anna  Lar- 
son,  in   China,   and  Dr.   Yasu   Hishekawa. 


128  ' 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


in  Japan.  The  latter  was  a  native  Japanese 
woman  who  was  sent  to  America  by  one 
of  the  school's  alumnae,  a  medical  mission- 
ary to  Japan,  for  the  purpose  of  receiving 
a  medical  education  in  this  school.  Two 
have  died  since  their  return  home.  These 
medical  missionaries  are  all  in  charge  of 
hospitals  where  they  practice  general  sur- 
gery and  medicine  and  are  training  na- 
tive women  as  "helpers"  in  their  work, 
caring  for  the  sick  and  afflicted  natives. 

Drs.  Ellen  M.  Lyons,  in  Foochow,  China, 
and  Izilla  Ernsberger,  in  India,  are  ex- 
amples of  the  faithful  and  persevering 
work  that  is  being  carried  on  by  medical 
missionaries  sent  our  from  the  Woman's 
Medical  School  by  Methodist,  Presbyterian, 
Baptist  and  other  Foreign  Missionary  So- 
cieties. 

Turning  from  the  foreign  field  to  the 
home-workers,  we  find  that  a  large  per- 
centage of  the  graduates  have  filled,  or 
are  filling,  hospital  and  college  positions 
that   involve   responsibility   and   skill. 

The  graduates  of  this  school  have  been 
the  first  and  only  women,  so  far  (1905),  to 
secure,  by  competitive  examinations,  the  po- 
sition of  interne  in  Cook  County  Hospital. 
Dr.  Mary  E.  Bates,  now  of  Denver,  Colo., 
was  the  first,  receiving  her  appointment 
in  1881.  She  has  been  followed  by  seven 
others,  all  of  whom  filled  their  terms  of 
service  with  credit. 

Positions  in  State  and  other  institutions 
and  in  other  States  of  the  Union,  have  been 
won  by  these  earnest  women.  Colorado, 
Indiana,  Iowa,  Michigan,  Texas,  and  Mas- 
sachusetts are  among  the  States,  outside 
of  Illinois,  where  they  are  filling  responsible 
positions  in  State  institutions.  One  has 
been  a  member  of  the  Colorado  Legisla- 
ture and  one  was  at  one  time  Railroad  Sur- 
geon for  a  road  in  the  West,  and  the  first 
woman  to  fill  such  a  position.  Others 
have  been  and  are  members  of  Boards  of 


Health.  The  first  woman  to  pass  the  exam- 
ination for  the  position  of  interne  in  the 
public  institutions  at  Dunning,  Cook  Coun- 
ty, Illinois,  was  Marie  J.  Mergler,  of  the 
class  of  1879.  She  passed  with  high  credit, 
was  recommended  for  appointment,  but  was 
never  indorsed  by  the  County  Commission- 
ers because  she  was  a  woman. 

"We  believe  that  nothing  in  the  entire 
history  of  the  College  was  so  conducive  to 
the  high  rank  which  it  attained,  as  the 
persistent  efforts  on  the  part  of  the  students 
to  be  given  an  opportunity  to  fairly  test 
their  ability  by  entering  into  the  competitive 
examinations,  and  by  insisting  on  equal 
privileges  with  the  men  in  holding  positions 
in  their  public  institutions."    (Dr.  Mergler.) 

A  total  of  575  women  were  graduated 
from  the  school.  The  large  majority  have 
been  and  are  successful  members  of  the 
medical  profession.  Death  has  claimed  a 
considerable  number.  Chief  among  these, 
we  find  the  name  of  our  lamented  friend. 
Dr.  Marie  Josepha  Mergler,  who  by  means 
of  persistent,  hard  and  faithful  work,  won 
a  place  among  the  foremost  surgeons  of 
the  West,  and  who  enjoyed  the  confidence 
of  the  medical  profession.  She  stood  high 
with  her  colleagues,  and  was  an  active 
member  of  local  and  State  Medical  Socie- 
ties. She  began  teaching  in  her  Alma  Ma- 
ter after  she  graduated,  in  the  Spring 
Course.  The  following  year  she  studied 
abroad,  and  further  prepared  herself  to  fill 
the  chairs  of  Histology  and  Materia  Medi- 
ca.  Later  she  succeeded  Dr.  William  H. 
Byford,  at  the  time  of  his  death  in  1890,  to 
the  chair  of  Gynecology,  which  she  held 
at  the  time  of  her  death.  She  was  Secretary 
of  the  Faculty  from  1885  to  1899,  when 
she  was  appointed  Dean  of  the  Northwest- 
ern University  Woman's  Medical  School 
(her  Alma  Mater)  by  the  Trustees  of  the 
University,  on  the  nomination  to  the  posi- 
tion  by   the   Faculty   of  the   School.      She 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


129 


won  a  lucrative  practice  and  left  at  her 
death  a  competent  estate.  She  was  prompt 
and  faithful  to  duty  and  never  betrayed  a 
trust  or  confidence.  During  her  lifetime 
she  held  several  important  hospital  posi- 
tions,  retaining  them  luitil  her  death. 

The  writer,  Eliza  H.  Root,  matriculated 
in  1879,  graduated  in  1882,  doing  her  first 
teaching  in  the  school  in  the  Spring  Course 
of  the  same  year.  From  the  day  of  matric- 
ulation to  the  closing  of  the  school,  her 
connection  with  it  was  never  severed.  She 
served  her  Alma  Mater  as  Assistant,  Pro- 
fessor (State  Medicine  and  Medical  Juris- 
prudence, later  on  Obstetrics  and  Clinical 
Obstetrics)  and  as  Dean. 


There  is  an  organization  of  the  Alumnae 
known  as  the  Alumnre  of  the  Woman's 
Medical  School  (nee  College).  This 
Association  placed  a  portrait  bust  of 
Dr.  Byford  in  the  College  building, 
founded  a  Charles  W.  Earle  Memorial  Li- 
brary that  had  accumulated  over  600  vol- 
umes at  the  time  of  the  school's  closing. 
In  1896  it  issued  a  history  of  the  "Alumnae 
of  the  Woman's  Medical  College  of  Chi- 
cago— 1870  to  1896."  The  organization 
still  exists  and  is  the  only  organized  body 
representing  what  was  once  one  of  the  lead- 
ing and  prosperous  institutions  of  the  City 
of  Chicago  and  the  Middle  West. 


CHAPTER   XV. 


UNIVERSITY  SCHOOL  OF  MUSIC 

(By  PROF.  P.  C.  LUTKIN,  Mus.  D.) 


Sphere  of  Music  in  Higher  Institutions — 
Its  Influence  on  Character  and  as  the 
Hand-Maid  of  Religion — Higher  Aspects 
of  the  Art — Its  Grozi'th  in  the  Universi- 
ties— History  of  its  Connection  with  Ev- 
anston  Educational  Institutions — North- 
western Female  College  Merged  into 
Evanston  College  for  Ladies  in  i8ji — 
Two  Years  Later  the  Latter  becomes  a 
Part  of  the  Nortlnvestern  University — 
Struggles,  Changes  and  Groivth  of  Later 
Years — Some  Notable  Teachers — In- . 
crease  in  Roll  of  Pupils — Need  of  Ampler 
B  uildings — Music  Festii  'als. 

Universities  and  colleges  have  been 
rather  tardy  in  recognizing  the  proper 
sphere  and  scope  of  music  in  the  economy 
of  intellectual  and  psychical  development. 
It  has  been  looked  upon  as  a  graceful  ac- 
complishment and  a  more  or  less  fascinat- 
ing and  attractive  art,  but  its  far-reaching 
influence  on  character,  its  importance  to 
many  of  the  practical  relations  of  life,  its 
complexity  as  an  art,  its  discipline  as  a 
study,  its  manifold  demands  upon  the  intel- 
lectual, physical  and  spiritual  faculties,  and 
its  vital  relation  to  the  emotions,  religious 
and  otherwise,  are  all  matters  that  have 
been  but  little  appreciated  or  understood. 

That  music  has  a  definite  influence  in 
molding  and  developing  character  there  can 
be  no  doubt.     Beginning  witli  the  cradle. 


the  mother's  lullaby  soothes  the  restless 
babe,  and  the  songs  of  childhood  have  a 
direct  bearing  on  the  ethics  of  the  young. 
In  the  school-room,  music  lessens  the  te- 
dium of  study  and  can  be  made  the  vehicle 
for  inculcating  good  morals  and  awaken- 
ing a  love  for  the  beautiful,  both  in  verse 
and  music.  An- appreciation  of  the  emo- 
tional qualities  of  music  tends  to  keep  alive 
the  gentler  states  of  feeling,  and  the  finer 
intuitions  of  youth,  which  are  only  too 
often  blunted,  if  not  entirely  destroyed,  by 
contact  with  the  selfishness  and  sordidness 
of  social  and  commercial  amenities  in  later 
life.  Song  is  the  core  and  essence  of  col- 
lege spirit,  and  the  only  concrete  and  ade- 
quate expression  of  that  spirit.  It  is  the 
only  means  by  which  unity  of  sentiment  or 
feeling  can  be  jointly  and  satisfactorily 
manifested.  It  heightens  our  joys  and 
pleasures,  lessens  our  griefs  and  sorrows, 
increases  our  aftections  and  incites  to  wor- 
thy endeavor. 

But  it  is  principally'  as  the  hand-maid 
of  religion  that  music  has  its  greatest  value. 
From  the  street-corner  rally  of  the  Salva- 
tion Army  to  an  oratorio  performance  in 
cathedral  walls,  music  voices  and  intensi- 
fies every  shade  of  religious  emotion.  Here 
again  it  forms  the  one  medium  of  expres- 
sion in  which  rich  and  poor,  saint  and 
sinner,  join  in  common  utterance  of  praise 
or  supplication.     It  is  hard  to  conceive  of 


132 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


the  services  of  the  church  without  the  aid 
of  music.  It  is  equally  indispensable  at 
the  revival  meeting  or  the  most  elaborate 
ceremonial,  at  the  wedding,  or  at  the  fun- 
eral service,  for  the  joy  of  Christmas  or 
Easter,  or  for  the  sorrow  of  penitential  sea- 
sons. Sermons  can  be  preached  with  migh- 
ty eloquence  in  the  musical  settings  of  the 
Crucifixion,  the  Nativity  or  the  Resurrec- 
tion, but  no  spoken  sermon  can  replace  the 
hymns  of  the  church. 

In  its  higher  aspects  as  an  art,  music 
is  a  world  of  unceasing  delight  to  the  ini- 
tiated, a  world  devoid  of  cares  and  anxie- 
ties and  free  from  evil  associations  or  sug- 
gestions. Far  beyond  the  power  of  words 
it  depicts  the  finest  gradations  of  feeling 
and  the  subtlest  shades  of  expression.  It 
has  logic,  proportion,  order  and  symmetry, 
in  the  highest  degree.  To  infinitely  more 
rhythmic  possibilities  than  exist  in  poetry, 
it  adds  the  warm  color  of  painting,  the 
beauty  of  outline  and  dignity  of  sculpture, 
and  the  structural  principles  of  architec- 
ture. No  other  study  combines,  to  the 
same  degree,  the  esthetic  and  the  mechani- 
cal, the  spiritual  and  the  physical.  The 
science  of  music  is  an  extremely  complex 
and  intricate  matter.  It  has  to  do  with 
elements  that  are  inexhaustible  in  their 
rhythmic,  melodic  and  harmonic  combina- 
tions, even  when  confined  to  a  single  instru- 
ment, such  as  the  piano  or  organ.  When 
they  are  applied  to  works  for  chorus  and 
full  orchestra,  the  element  of  tone  color  is 
added  with  its  infinite  possibilities,  and  the 
command  of  all  this  material  only  comes 
after  years  of  study  involving  harmony, 
counterpoint,  form  and  instrumentation. 
Even  if  these  are  mastered,  they  count  for 
little  without  the  saving  grace  of  artistic 
intuition  and  a  keen  sense  of  esthetic 
values. 

In  the  study  of  music  as  an  applied  art, 
totally  dififerent  factors  come  to  light.    Phys- 


ical dexterity  is  a  prerequisite  and,  to  this 
foundation,  a  long  and  arduous  schooling 
is  necessary  before  the  demands  of  a  mod- 
ern technique  are  approximated.  This  rigid 
disciplining  of  brains  and  fingers  in  mus- 
cular and  nerve  control,  often  means  the 
deliberate  sacrifice  of  much  that  is  attractive 
in  the  social  or  intellectual  life,  and  gives 
rise  to  perplexing  problems  in  the  process 
of  elimination.  Be  this  as  it  may,  the  fact 
remains  that  the  study  of  music  alone,  in 
any  wide  sense,  is  a  liberal  education  in  it- 
self, calling  upon  a  fine  perception  of  math- 
ematical niceties,  logical  development,  ar- 
tistic symmetry  and  emotional  expression. 

The  study  of  music,  theoretically,  is  rap- 
idly finding  its  way  into  all  of  our  leading 
universities.  For  a  number  of  years, 
courses  in  harmony,  counterpoint,  fugue, 
musical  form  and  musical  history  have  ex- 
isted at  Harvard  in  charge  of  Professor 
John  Knowles  Paine.  The  result  has  been 
that  Boston  comes  nearer  giving  us  a  dis- 
tinctive school  of  American  composition 
than  any  other  city  in  the  country.  Yale 
followed  the  example  of  Harvard  by  install- 
ing Horatio  W.  Parker  in  a  chair  of  music, 
a  few  years  ago.  Professor  Parker  is  un- 
questionably the  greatest  American  com- 
poser of  large  choral  works  with  orchestral 
accompaniment.  His  oratorios  are  given 
at  the  prominent  English  musical  festivals, 
where  they  are  most  highly  esteemed  and 
considered  quite  on  a  par  with  similar  pro- 
ductions from  any  living  composer.  Not 
only  is  credit  allowed  at  Yale  for  theoreti- 
cal studies  as  at  Harvard,  but  also  for  pro- 
ficiency in  performing  ability  as  well.  An- 
other gifted  American  composer,  Edward 
A.  MacDowell,  was  appointed  to  the  re- 
cently endowed  chair  of  Music  at  Colum- 
bia College.  Professor  MacDowell  has 
written  some  important  orchestral  composi- 
tions, but  his  fame  lies  principallv  in  his 
works  for  the  piano.     In  this  regard  he  is 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


133 


a  conspicuous  figure  among  modern  com- 
posers. His  works  possess  a  rare  and  dis- 
tinct personality,  and  his  workmanship  is 
characterized  by  extreme  finish  and  deH- 
cacy. 

This  tendency  to  make  room  for  our  most 
gifted  tone-poets  in  our  leading  universi- 
ties is  most  commendable  and  is  full  of 
.promise  for  the  future.  It  is  only  through 
freedom  from  the  harassing  cares  of  the 
ordinary  professional  connection  that  a  man 
can  give  himself  up  to  the  creation  of  the 
larger  and  more  pretentious  works  of  art. 
A  generously  endowed  chair,  with  a  limited 
amount  of  routine  duties,  gives  opportunity 
for  the  necessary  abstraction  and  concentra- 
tion, and  the  university  environment  will 
be  an  additional  incentive  to  scholarly  work. 

Under  its  cultured  Professor  of  Music, 
Hugh  A.  Clarke,  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania has  won  an  enviable  reputation  with 
its  theoretical  courses  in  the  higher  mathe- 
matics of  music.  Professor  Clarke  has  per- 
fected a  system  of  instruction  by  mail  that 
has  largely  extended  his  sphere  of  influ- 
ence. Cornell  and  Princeton  have  not  as 
yet  made  official  recognition  of  music,  but 
Syracuse  University  has  a  finely  developed 
School  of  Fine  Arts,  which  not  only  em- 
braces music,  but  painting,  sculpture  and 
architecture  as  well.  It  ranks  next  to  the 
College  of  Liberal  Arts  in  numbers  and  im- 
portance, and  each  department  has  its  own 
faculty. 

The  University  of  Michigan  maintains 
a  chair  of  theoretical  music,  ably  filled  by 
Professor  Albert  A.  Stanley,  who  is  also 
Director  of  an  affiliated  "University  School 
of  Music,"  which  supplies  excellent  instruc- 
tion in  all  branches  of  music.  Professor 
Stanley  has  evolved  and  developed  a  series 
of  May  Festivals,  which  are  the  event  of  the 
college  year  at  Ann  Arbor,  and  which  bring 
the  masterpieces  of  musical  art  before 
large  and  enthusiastic  audiences.     His  ex- 


ample is  followed  on  a  smaller  scale  by  a 
number  of  Western  State  Universities, 
where  provision  for  the  study  of  music  is 
made,  both  theoretically  and  practically. 

A  school  that  has  had  a  notable  influence 
for  good  is  the  Conservatory  of  Music  at 
Oberlin,  Ohio.  It  is  the  largest  and  most 
widely  known  of  the  departments  of  Ober- 
lin College.  It  is  finely  housed  in  a  hun- 
dred-thousand-dollar building,  the  gift  of 
an  Oberlin  graduate  who  has  since  come 
to  fame  and  fortune.  Its  success  and  pros- 
perity are  almost  entirely  due  to  the  fore- 
sight, good  judgment  and  abiding  faith  of 
its  late  director.  Professor  Fenelon  B.  Rice. 

These  facts  are  very  encouraging,  and 
all  this  artistic  activity  must  have  a  direct 
and  important  bearing  on  our  national  de- 
velopment. We  sadly  need  the  counter- 
balancing influence  of  art  in  these  days  of 
intellectual  and  commercial  expansion.  It 
is  the  best  antidote  for  materialism,  realism 
and  anaichy.  The  appreciation  of  Ihe  beau- 
tiful !S  not  a  question  of  birth,  of  wealth, 
of  social  position  or  even  of  intellect  or  edu- 
cation. It  is  the  common  ground  on  which 
all  innately  refined  and  sensitive  souls  meet 
in  a  brotherhood  of  mutual  love  and  kindly 
feeling. 

The  first  definite  record  of  musical  in- 
struction in  connection  with  Evanston  edu- 
cational institutions  is  found  in  the  cata- 
logue of  the  Northwestern  Female  College 
in  the  year  1865.  Instruction  in  music  had 
doubtless  been  given  previously  to  this  date, 
and  in  all  probability  from  the  founding 
of  the  College  in  1855  •  but  printed  informa- 
tion to  that  effect  is  missing.  In  1865  Nich- 
olas Cawthorne  is  mentioned  in  the  annual 
catalogue  as  teacher  of  the  piano,  organ  and 
voice.  He  was  organist  of  the  First  Pres- 
byterian church  in  Chicago.  He  had  an 
assistant  instructor,  James  A.  Doane.  The 
following  quotation  from  the  catalogue  will 
give  an  idea  of  the  advantages  offered : 


134 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


"The  course  of  study  in  the  Department 
is  intended  to  furnish  a  solid  musical  edu- 
cation, both  in  practice  and  theory.  In- 
struction will  be  given  in  the  following 
branches:  System  of  Notation,  Harmony, 
Composition  with  reference  to  Musical 
Forms,  and  Instrumentation,  Practice  in 
Chorus  singing,  Pianoforte  and  Organ.  A 
complete  course  of  study  will  extend 
through  four  years,  a  new  class  openmg 
each  term.  Diplomas  certifying  proficiency 
and  qualifications  as  artists  or  teachers  will 
be  given  to  those  finishing  the  entire  course. 
Each  student  receives  two  hours'  instruction 
per  week  and  has  the  use  of  a  piano  for 
private  practice  one  and  one-half  hours 
daily.  The  rudiments  of  music  are  taught 
and  chorus   singing  practised   in  classes. 

■  PIANOFORTE    COURSE. 

"first  Year. — Richardson's  Methods  and 
pieces  by  Baumbach,  Grove,  etc. 

''Second  Year. — Studies  by  Duvernov 
and  Czerny,  and  pieces  like  'Monastery 
Bells,'  Wely ;  'Carnival  of  \'enice,'  Bel- 
lak,  etc. 

"Third  Year. — Czerny  studies.  Dr.  Call- 
cott's  Musical  Grammar,  Zundel's  Har- 
mony, Overtures  to  Stradella  and  Der 
Freischutz. 

"Fourth  F^ar.— Cramer  studies,  .Sonatas 
of  Beethoven  and  Clementi,  Marx  Musical 
Composition." 

Mr.  Cawthorne  remained  in  charge  for 
another  year  when  he  was  succeeded  by 
Oscar  Mayo,  who  came  highly  recommend- 
ed from  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  Female  Col- 
lege. With  the  advent  of  Mr.  Mayo  the 
following  announcement  was  made :  "The 
Music  Department  of  the  College  oflfers  ex- 
traordinary facilities  to  students  of  the  Pi- 
ano, Organ  or  Vocal  Music.  The  Depart- 
ment is  under  the  supervision  of  Professor 
O.  A.  Mayo,  an  educated  and  scientific 
musician,  a  thorough  teacher  and  a  brilliant 


performer  of  classic  as  well  as  modern 
Piano  and  Organ  music."  Mr.  Mayo  was 
to  appoint  his  own  assistants  and  the  fol- 
lowing courses  were  announced : 

Organ  Course. — Zundel  and  Rink. 

Piano  Course. — Rudiments,  practice  of 
easy  exercises.  Mason's  Technics,  Heller 
studies.  Etudes  of  Chopin,  Mendelssohn, 
etc. 

As  assistant.  Professor  Mayo  had  Count 
Laurent  de  Fosso,  who  also  taught  French, 
Spanish,  and  Italian.  Piano,  organ,  me- 
lodeon  and  guitar  were  the  branches  taught, 
and  from  sixty  to  seventy  students  took 
music. 

In  1871  the  Northwestern  Female  Col- 
lege was  merged  into  the  Evanston  College 
for  Ladies,  with  Miss  Frances  Willard  as 
President.  Professor  Mayo  continued  in 
charge  of  the  Music  Department,  and  there 
are  evidences  of  an  attempt  to  improve  and 
enlarge  the  musical  advantages.  Only  ten 
names  appear  as  music  students  on  the  cata- 
logue this  year,  but  these  obviously  studied 
music  to  the  exclusion  of  other  studies, 
while  previous  student  lists  included  these 
who  had  taken  music  as  a  supplementary 
study  as  well. 

In  1873  the  absorption  ot  the  Evanston 
College  for  Ladies  by  the  Northwestern 
University  was  announced,  together  with 
plans  for  the  formation  of  a  Conservatory 
of  Music  on  the  European  plan.  This  went 
into  effect  with  the  completion  of  the  present 
Willard  Hall,  and  the  top  story  was  devot- 
ed to  the  study  of  art  and  music.  An  at- 
tempt was  evidently  made  to  secure  a  good 
faculty,  as  arrangements  were  made  with 
some  of  the  best  known  musicians  of  that 
date  in  Chicago.  Professor  Mayo  remained 
at  the  head.  Mr.  Silas  G.  Pratt,  a  pianist 
and  composer  of  attainments,  who  had  re- 
cently returned  from  his  studies  in  Berlin, 
appears  to  have  been  head  instructor  of  the 
piano.      Mr.   Pratt   organized    the    present 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


135 


Apollo  Club  in  the  city,  and  was  later  chief- 
ly instrumental  in  promoting  the  movement 
which  resulted  in  the  Auditorium  Building 
and    the    Orchestral    Association.        James 
Gill,    who    was    for   many   years    the   most 
prominent    baritone    in    Chicago,    was    en- 
gaged  as   instructor   in   voice  culture,   and 
Hans  Balatka,  the  veteran  chorus  and  or- 
chestral  conductor,   had   charge  of  chorus 
and  quartette  classes.     The  following  year 
Mr.  Pratt's  name  disappeared  from  the  cat- 
alogue and  later  Mr.  Balatka's,  their  places 
being  filled  by  musicians  of  less  celebrity. 
Eighty-eight  students  appeared  on  the  list 
after  the   installation   of  the   Conservatory 
of  Music,  but  catalogues  of  the  succeeding 
three  years  are  missing.    In  1876   Professor 
Mayo  was  succeeded  by  Oren  E.  Locke  and 
the  Conservatory  of  Music  appears  for  the 
first  time   in  the  University  Catalogue.  Pro- 
fessor Locke  had  been  a  student  in   both 
the  Leipzig  and  Boston  Conservatories,  and 
introduced  the  so-called  "Conservatory  Sys- 
tem" into  the  school.       The  characteristic 
feature  of  this  system  was  the  teaching  of 
piano,  voice  and  orchestral  instruments  in 
classes  instead  of  private  individual  instruc- 
tion.    The  University  catalogue  gives  but 
thirty-three  students  in  the  Conservatory  at 
the  end  of  Professor  Locke's  first  year,  and 
the  attendance  increased  but  slowly  for  the 
three   succeeding  years.      In    1880-81    mat- 
ters improved  materially,  one  hundred  and 
si.xteen    students    being    enrolled,    and    the 
number  steadily  increased  until  the  maxi- 
mum of  two  hundred  and  thirty-one  was 
reached    in    1886-87.     James   Gill   was   the 
only    faculty    member    left   over    from    the 
previous  regime.     From  time  to  time  Pro- 
fessor Locke  had  associated  with  him  E.  S. 
Metcalf,   voice   instructor;   Joseph    Singer, 
instructor  of  violin;    Professor  R.  L.  Cum- 
nock, instructor  of  elocution ;  Professor  A. 
S.  Carhart,  lecturer  on  the  laws  of  sound ; 
Warren  Graves,  instructor  of  piano  and  or- 


gan, and  C.  M.  Hutchins,  instructor  of  band 
instruments.  In  1880  and  1881  the  present 
Dean  of  the  School  of  Music  was  instructor 
of  piano  and  organ,  prior  to  his  departure 
for  Europe  for  a  three  years'  course  of 
study  in  Berlin,  Vienna  and  Paris.  In 
June,  1884,  Professor  Locke,  in  a  printed 
report  to  the  Board  of  Trustees,  makes 
mention  of  nine  thousand  lessons  having 
been  given  during  the  year,  of  fifteen  pianos 
being  in  use.  and  calls  attention  to  the 
growth  and  future  possibilities  of  the 
school.  Three  students  were  graduated  this 
year  and  the  following  courses  were  in 
operation : 

Course  i.  Piano. 
Course  2.  Voice. 
Course  3.  Organ. 
Course  4.  Orchestral  Instruments. 
In  the  year  1887-1888  the  numerical 
prosperity  of  the  school  declined  and  con- 
tinued to  do  so  until  1890-91,  when  Pro- 
fessor Locke  resigned,  leaving  the  affairs  of 
the  school  in  a  somewhat  chaotic  condition. 
There  was  a  strong  sentiment  in  favor  of 
discontinuing  the  Conservatory  of  Music, 
but  yielding  to  the  wishes  of  Miss  Nina 
Gray  Lunt,  an  effort  was  made  to  continue 
the  study  of  music  in  the  University.  At 
her  suggestion  Peter  C.  Lutkin,  of  Chicago, 
was  put  in  charge,  and  gave  a  portion  of  his 
time  to  the  reconstruction  of  the  music  de- 
partment. A  faculty  was  hastily  organ- 
ized, of  which  the  principal  members  were : 
J.  Harry  Wheeler,  a  widely  known  vocal 
instructor,  formerly  a  prominent  member 
of  the  New  England  Conservatory  of  Mu- 
sic. Boston ;  Allen  Hervey  Spencer,  a  well- 
known  concert  pianist  and  teacher  of  Chi- 
cago; Joseph  Vilim,  violin  instructor,  and 
William  Smedley,  choir-master  of  St.  James' 
Church,  Chicago,  as  instructor  of  choral 
singing  and  sight-reading.  A  Glee  Club 
was  organized  for  the  first  time  in  the 
University,  and   also  a  Cecilian  Choir   for 


136 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


the  young  women.  Eighty-nine  students 
attended  during  the  year,  and  a  creditable 
concert  was  given  at  its  close  in  the  First 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  in  which  the 
advanced  piano  and  voice  students,  the 
Glee  Club,  and  the  Cecilian  Choir  took  part. 
Three  students  were  graduated. 

This  first  year's  work  was  looked  upon 
as  tentative  and,  at  its  completion,  a  formal 
proposition  was  made  by  the  Director, 
which  included  a  professorship  in  the  Col- 
lege of  Liberal  Arts,  and  the  severing  of 
his  city  connections  in  order  to  devote  his 
entire  time  and  energies  to  the  up-building 
of  the  music  school.  Largely  upon  the 
recommendation  of  Mr.  James  H.  Raymond, 
the  then  chairman  of  the  committee  on  the 
Conservatory  of  Music,  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee accepted  the  proposition  of  Profes- 
sor Lutkin.  The  official  appellation  of  the 
school  was  changed  from  "Conservatory 
of  Music"  to  "Department  of  Music,"  and 
the  courses  were  rearranged  so  as  to  mark 
a  distinction  between  those  studying  as 
amateurs  and  those  studying  professionally. 
Diplomas  were  not  issued  at  all  and  cer- 
tificates only  to  those  completing  the  Pro- 
fessional Course.  One  hundred  and  twenty- 
eight  students  attended  this  second  year  and 
the  income  of  the  school  increased  about 
seventy-five  per  cent. 

The  financial  stringency  of  the  year  1893- 
94  was  felt  to  the  extent  that  the  attendance 
and  income  were  practically  at  a  standstill. 
Several  changes  were  made  in  the  faculty. 
Harold  E.  Knapp,  who  had  recently  re- 
turned from  two  years  of  study  at  the  re- 
nowned Leipzig  Conservatory  of  Music, 
succeeded  Joseph  Vilim  as  instructor  of  the 
violin.  William  H.  Knapp,  as  instructor 
of  voice  and  'cello ;  William  H.  Cutler,  as 
instructor  of  piano ;  and  William  Hubbard 
Harris,  as  instructor  of  piano  and  harmony, 
were  added.  A  choral  society,  confined  to 
students  of  the  University,  had  been  organ- 


ized and  gave  two  concerts  at  the  Congre- 
gational Church.  The  works  performed 
were  Gaul's'  cantata  of  "Israel  in  the  Wil- 
derness" and  Haydn's  "Creation."  In  both 
cases  the  solo  parts  were  nearly  all  taken 
by  members  of  the  University.  An  impor- 
tant event  was  the  formation  of  a  String 
Quartette,  of  which  the  personnel  was  as 
follows : 

First  Violin,  Harold  E.  Knapp. 

Second  Violin,  Joseph  Bichl. 

Viola,  Caspar  Grilnberger. 

Violoncello,  William  H.  Knapp. 

This  organization  permitted  us  to  give 
five  recitals  of  Chamber  Music,  which  add- 
ed greatly  to  the  interest  of  the  school  year. 
Sixteen  recitals  were  given  by  the  students 
and  four  were  graduated  from  the  Profes- 
sional Course. 

The  year  1894-95  saw  a  large  increase 
in  the  attendance  and  prosperity  of  the 
school.  The  number  increased  from  one 
hundred  and  twenty-nine  to  two  hundred 
and  three,  and  the  graduates  from  four  to 
eight.  Mrs.  George  A.  Coe,  who  had  re- 
cently returned  from  extended  studies  in 
Berlin  under  Heinrich  Barth  and  Moritz 
Moskowsky,  was  added  to  the  faculty  as 
instructor  of  the  piano,  and  instruction  in 
wind  instruments  was  provided  for.  Eigh- 
teen recitals  were  given  by  the  students,  and 
at  the  eight  faculty  recitals,  many  important 
works  by  Beethoven,  Mendelssohn,  Dvorak, 
Schubert,  Chopin,  Goldmark  and  Weber 
were  given  with  the  assistance  of  the  Uni- 
versity String  Quartette.  The  Director 
gave  a  number  of  lectures  analyzing  the 
thematic  structure  of  important  works 
given  by  the  Thomas  Orchestra. 

As  the  attempt  to  establish  a  good  choral 
society  within  the  University  had  not  been 
altogether  successful,  owing  to  the  constant 
shifting  of  membership.  Professor  Lutkin 
assumed  the  conductorship  of  the  Evanston 
Musical  Club,  in  the  hope  that  the  larger 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


137 


field  would  give  more  favorable  results.  In 
this  he  was  not  disappointed,  and  the  history 
of  that  organization  will  be  found  elsewhere 
in  these  pages.  Membership  in  the  Club 
has  always  been  open  to  students  of  the 
University,  and  the  privilege  has  been  taken 
advantage  of,  more  particularly  by  the 
members  of  the  Department  of  Music.  The 
theoretical  courses  were  greatly  e.xtend- 
ed  this  year,  and  arranged  on  a  four-year 
plan  to  confonn  to  the  courses  in  the  Col- 
lege of  Liberal  Arts.  The  student  recitals 
presented,  in  an  excellent  manner,  a  higher 
grade  of  compositions  than  haxl  ever  been 
given  before,  notably  piano  concertos  by 
Beethoven,  Mozart  and  Mendelssohn.  A 
small  pipe  organ  was  added  to  the  equip- 
ment of  the  school,  which  greatly  increased 
the  study  of  that  instrument.  The  Depart- 
ment had  now  reached  a  point  where  its 
self-maintenance  was  fully  assured,  and  it 
was  sadly  in  need  of  larger  and  better  quar- 
ters. 

In  the  following  year  (1895-96)  the  of- 
ficial title  of  the  school  was  changed  from 
"Department  of  Music"  to  "School  of  Mu- 
sic," thus  putting  it  upon  the  same  basis 
as  the  other  professional  schools  of  the 
University.  Mr.  J.  Harry  Wheeler  was 
succeeded  by  Karleton  Hackett  as  Director 
of  the  Vocal  Department.  Mr.  Hackett  had 
recently  come  to  Chicago  after  three  years' 
study  with  Vincenso  Vannini,  the  famous 
voice  instructor  of  Florence.  He  had  for- 
merly studied  singing  with  Cornelius  Chen- 
ery  of  Boston,  and  theory  under  Professor 
Paine  while  a  student  at  Harvard.  Miss 
Carlotta  M.  Glazier  was  added  as  instructor 
of  piano.  The  various  courses  were  con- 
siderably strengthened,  and  the  theoretical 
study  of  music  was  made  the  kernel  of  all 
graduating  requirements.  The  theoretical 
studies  embraced  harmony,  musical  history, 
counterpoint,  and  musical  form.  The 
ground  was  taken  that  mere  technical  facil- 
itv,    even    v^-hen    allied   to   distinct   musical 


talent,  was  not  sufficient  to  complete  a 
course  in  a  University  school,  but  rather  a 
comprehensive  understanding  of  the  na- 
ture and  material  of  music,  and  the  funda- 
mental principles  of  good  art.  The  scholar- 
ly aspects  of  music  are  thus  emphasized, 
and  the  endeavor  is  to  graduate  well- 
equipped  musicians  rather  than  superficial 
and  showy  performers.  The  same  theoreti- 
cal studies  are  required  of  all  candidates  for 
graduation,  be  he  pianist,  organist,  singer 
or  violinist. 

Professor  Lutkin  was  appointed  Dean 
of  the  reconstructed  school,  the  other 
members  of  the  faculty  ranking  as  Instruc- 
tors. As  the  Dean  was  also  .Professor  of 
Music  in  the  College  of  Liberal  Arts,  the 
theoretical  classes  in  the  School  of  Music 
were  open  to  the  College  students  as  elec- 
tives  in  their  various  courses.  Owing  to 
the  prevailing  financial  stringency  there 
was  but  a  slight  increase  in  the  attendance 
this  year.  The  number  of  graduates  re- 
mained the  same.  Fifteen  student  recitals, 
two  student  concerts  with  orchestra,  eight 
chamber  music  recitals  and  four  faculty 
concerts  were  given.  A  student  or- 
chestra of  twenty-five  had  been  or- 
ganized, which  gave  very  creditable  per- 
formances. One  of  the  chamber  music  re- 
citals was  devoted  exclusively  to  serious 
works  by  various  members  of  the  faculty, 
including  a  String  Quartette  by  Harold 
Knapp,  part  of  a  Trio  for  Piano,  Violin 
and  'Cello,  by  P.  C.  Lutkin,  and  songs  by 
Hubbard  W.  Harris.  Among  important 
works  brought  out  were  the  Brahm's  Quin- 
tette for  Piano  and  Strings,  Op.  67,  in 
which  Mrs.  Coe  assisted  the  University 
String  Quartette,  the  Dvorak  Quintette,  Op. 
81,  and  Quartettes  by  Schumann  and  Bee- 
thoven. Under  Mr.  Harold  Knapp  the 
violin  department  greatly  increased  in  num- 
bers, and  furnished  an  excellent  nucleus  for 
the  school  orchestra. 

In    his   annual    report    to   the    Board    of 


138 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


Trustees,  President  Rogers  called  attention 
to  the  urgent  need  of  providing  a  suitable 
building  for  the  School  of  Music,  adding 
that  after  the  Academy — which  had  been 
provided  for — it  was  the  next  most  desir- 
able acquisition.  The  recommendations  of 
President  Rogers  bore  fruit  more  promptly 
than  was  expected.  The  lack  of  accommo- 
dations for  the  school  in  Woman's  Hall, 
the  poorly  adapted  rooms  for  instruction 
and  practice,  not  to  mention  the  unavoidable 
annoyance  to  college  students  by  the  inces- 
sant playing  and  singing,  rendered  it  all  but 
imperative  that  other  quarters  should  be 
supplied.  Although  the  finances  of  the  Uni- 
versity were  in  a  somewhat  crippled  condi- 
tion owing  to  the  temporary  loss  of  income 
from  the  Grand  Pacific  property,  it  was 
decided  to  erect  a  building  for  the  special 
and  exclusive  use  of  the  School  of  Music. 
A  site  was  decided  upon  immediately  to  the 
north  of  Woman's  Hall,  and  ground  was 
broken  during  the  summer  of  1896.  The 
building  was  completed  during  the  following 
fall  and  winter,  and  taken  possession  of  at 
the  beginning  of  the  spring  term,  in  1897. 
In  Woman's  Hall  fourteen  rooms  had  been 
in  use  by  the  school.  Music  Hall,  as  the 
new  structure  was  named,  provided  us  with 
nineteen  rooms  and  a  small  recital  hall, 
seating  about  three  hundred.  Seventeen  of 
these  rooms  were  at  once  put  into  service, 
and  the  year's  records  showed  an  increase 
from  207  to  218  students.  The  dedication 
of  the  new  building  was  marked  by  two 
faculty  concerts  and  a  students'  recital.  At 
the  first  of  them  a  chorus  from  the  Evan- 
ston  Musical  Club  and  the  School  of  Music 
Orchestra  assisted  in  the  following  program, 
given  on  the  evening  of  April  26,  1897: 

Chorus,    "The   Heavens    Are   Telling" Haydn 

Prayer   by    President   Henry   Wade   Rogers. 

Aria.    "Rejoice    Greatly" Handel 

Miss  Helen  Buckley. 
Address  by  Professor  P.  C.    Lutkin. 

Overture,    "The   Marriage  of   Figaro" Mozart 

Orchestra. 


Andante  for  Violin  and  Orchestra P.   C.   Lutkin 

Mr.   Harold  E.  Knapp. 
Songs,    "The    Broken    Lyre,"    "Shepherd    of 
Israel,"  "From  the  Bosom  of  Ocean 

I  Seek  Thee" Hubbard  W.  Harris 

Miss    Buckley. 

Quartette  for  Strings,  C  major Harold  E.  Knapp 

The  University  String  Quartette. 

Sanctus,   from   Messe  Solonelle Gounod 

Mr.  W.  F.  Hypes,  Chorus  and  Orchestra. 

After  the  concert  a  reception  was  held 
and  the  building  was  thrown  open  for  in- 
spection. On  the  following  evening  a 
Chamber  Music  Recital  was  given,  in  which 
Mrs.  George  A.  Coe,  pianist.  Miss  Mabel 
Goodwin,  soprano,  and  the  University 
String  Quartette  took  part.  The  program 
was  as  follows : 

Trio  for   Piano,   Violin,   and   'Cello,   Op.  97.  ..  .Beethoven 

Songs,   La  Serenata Tosti 

Ecstasy     Beach 

May  Morning Denza 

Quartette    for    Strings,    G    Minor Grieg 

Nine  students  were  graduated  this  year 
in  the  Normal  Course,  and  one  from  the 
advanced,  or  Artist's  Course.  Twenty-four 
recitals  and  five  concerts,  with  orchestra, 
were  given  by  the  students,  and  six  chamber 
music  recitals  and  four  concerts  by  the  fac- 
ulty. The  student  orchestra  assisted  the 
Evanston  Musical  Club  in  their  perform- 
ances of  Handel's  Messiah  and  Haydn's 
Creation.  In  all  directions  the  year  showed 
substantial  progress. 

The  first  complete  year  in  the  new  build- 
ing (1897-98)  found  its  capacity  tested  to 
the  utmost.  The  attendance  increased  from 
218  to  293.  The  theoretical  courses  were 
extended  by  the  addition  of  classes  in 
Analysis  and  Sight-reading.  The  recita- 
tions in  Musical  History  under  the  charge 
of  Mrs.  Coe  were  doubled.  The  classes  in 
Sight-reading  were  thrown  open  to  students 
of  the  Garrett  Biblical  Institute,  and  the 
latter  part  of  the  year  was  devoted  to  hymn 
music  with  the  object  of  demonstrating  the 
fundamental  principles  of  good  church 
music.  A  good  pipe-organ,  with  two  man- 
uals  and   pedals,   and   blown   by   a    water- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


139 


motor,  was  erected  in  the  recital  hall.  Miss 
Carlotta  M.  Glazier  was  succeeded  by  Miss 
Una  Howell,  a  graduate  of  the  advanced 
course  of  the  school,  and  Mr.  Franz  Wag- 
ner of  the  Thomas  Orchestra,  succeeded 
Mr.  W.  H.  Knapp  in  the  University  String 
Quartette,  and  was  added  to  the  faculty  as 
Instructor  of  Violoncello.  Mr.  Walter 
Keller  was  also  added  as  Instructor  of 
Piano.  The  usual  student  and  faculty  con- 
certs were  given  and  the  commencement 
concerts  presented  a  distinct  advance  on 
previous  efforts,  both  in  the  selections  and 
in  the  performance  of  the  same.  Twelve 
students  were  graduated  from  the  Normal 
Course.  Doubtless  the  added  dignity  and 
importance  given  to  the  school  by  being 
housed  in  its  own  building  had  much  to 
do  with  the  general  prosperity. 

The  succeeding  year  was  a  repetition  of 
the  previous  experience,  that  a  very  decided 
gain  in  one  year  was  followed  by  a  slight 
reaction  in  the  following.  The  scholastic 
year  1898-99  showed  a  decrease  of  nine  stu- 
dents, but  a  gain  of  ten  per  cent  in  the  in- 
come. The  discrepancy  between  the  loss  in 
attendance  and  the  gain  in  income  meant 
that  a  larger  percentage  of  students  re- 
mained through  the  year,  and  that  there  was 
a  corresponding  decrease  in  the  unsatisfac- 
tory patronage,  composed,  for  the  most 
part,  of  triflers  who  enter  and  remain  but 
a  term  or  two. 

The  basement  of  Music  Hall  had  been 
originally  designed  for  a  gymnasium  for 
women,  and  the  prospect  of  soon  having  a 
properly  equipped  plant  was  hailed  with 
much  delight  and  enthusiasm  by  those  in- 
terested. It  was  a  keen  disappointment  to 
many  when  it  was  decided  to  sub-divide  the 
ground  floor  to  make  space  for  the  im- 
perative demands  of  the  music  school.  The 
results  of  this  change  added  ten  practice 
rooms  and  a  much-needed  class  room,  seat- 
ing seventy-five,  to  the  equipment  of  the 


school,  and  temporarily  relieved  the  pres- 
sure for  more  space. 

The  student  recitals  averaged  one  per 
week  and  evidenced  a  very  good  standard 
of  attainment.  Nine  students  were  grad- 
uated from  the  Normal  Course,  and  three 
from  the  Advanced  Course.  The  usual 
series  of  chamber  music  concerts  was  in- 
terrupted by  the  loss  of  the  viola  player 
in  the  University  String  Quartette,  owing 
to  his  departure  from  the  city. 

The  year  1899- 1900  exhibited  an  in- 
crease of  about  five  per  cent  in  the  attend- 
ance (the  total  number  being  297)  and  of 
fifteen  per  cent  in  the  income  of  the  school. 
The  largest  class  in  the  history  of  the 
school  was  graduated,  ten  in  the  Normal 
Course  and  three  in  the  Advanced  Course. 
The  most  important  event  of  the  year  was 
the  rearrangement  of  courses,  requiring 
four  years  for  graduation.  The  theoretical 
requirements  consist  of  ten  terms  of  har- 
mony, four  terms  of  musical  history,  four 
terms  of  sight-reading  and  musical  dicta- 
tion, eight  terms  of  counterpoint,  two  terms 
of  musical  form,  eight  terms  of  analysis 
and  four  terms  of  ensemble  playing.  In 
addition  the  candidate  is  required  to  show 
distinct  talent  as  a  performer  in  the  Prac- 
tical School,  or  as  a  composer  in  the  The- 
oretical School.  In  the  former  case,  two 
programs  are  required  of  standard  classical 
compositions.  Students  creditably  finishing 
two  years  of  this  course  are  entitled  to  a 
certificate,  but  a  diploma  is  given  only  for 
the  longer  course.  These  requirements  are 
equaled  by  but  few  schools  in  the  country. 

Mr.  Arne  Oldberg,  who  had  recently  re- 
turned from  extended  studies  in  Europe, 
was  added  to  the  faculty  as  Instructor  of 
Piano.  Mr.  Oldberg  studied  piano  in 
Vienna  with  Leschetitzky  and,  later,  com- 
position in  Munich  with  Rheinberger.  His 
abilities,  both  as  a  pianist  and  composer, 
have    attracted   the    favorable    attention   of 


140 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


the  profession  in  Chicago.  Mr.  Day  Wil- 
Hams,  one  of  the  most  gifted  of  local  'cel- 
lists, succeeded  Mr.  Franz  Wagner  both  in 
the  String  Quartette  and  as  instructor  of  the 
violoncello.  Mr.  Walter  George  Logan  suc- 
ceeded Mr.  Caspar  Grilnberger  as  assistant 
in  the  violin  department,  and  Mr.  Frank 
Lee  Robertshavkf  was  put  in  charge  of  the 
sight-reading  classes.  The  regular  faculty 
of  the  school  now  consisted  of  fifteen  mem- 
bers, of  whom  six  taught  piano,  two  violin, 
two  voice  culture,  two  organ,  two  theory, 
and  one  each,  musical  history,  composition, 
violoncello,  flute,  clarionet,  oboe,  bassoon, 
cornet,  French  horn  and  trombone. 

The  first  decade  of  the  music  school 
under  its  present  head  was  completed  with 
the  year  1900-01,  and  the  event  was 
marked  by  several  matters  of  interest  in  the 
development  of  the  school.  A  decided  in- 
crease in  attendance  crowded  the  capacity 
of  the  building  to  the  utmost,  and  forced 
many  students  to  make  arrangements  for 
their  practice  at  private  houses.  The  total 
number  of  students  for  the  year  was  348 — a 
gain  of  fifty-one  over  the  previous  year. 
For  the  first  time  a  fi.xed  sum  per  term  was 
charged  for  the  regular  courses,  instead  of  a 
graduated  scale  depending  upon  the  indi- 
vidual instructor.  This  charge  was  thirty- 
five  dollars  per  term,  and  included  private 
instruction  from  the  principal  instructors 
in  instrumental  or  vocal  music,  and  the 
privilege  of  attendance  at  the  required 
classes.  Considering  the  advantages  of- 
fered and  the  quality  of  instruction  given, 
the  charge  was  put  at  a  very  reasonable 
figure.  In  fact,  the  results  at  the  end  of 
the  year  proved  that  the  sum  was  hardly 
sufficient  to  cover  the  expenses  of  the 
course,  and  a  recommendation  to  increase  it 
to  forty  dollars  per  term  was  put  into  effect 
the  following  year. 

The  record  for  the  ten  years  showed  an 
increase  in  attendance  from  eighty-nine  to 


348,  and,  in  income,  of  over  400  per 
cent.  Six  members  of  the  faculty  give 
their  entire  time  to  the  school  as 
against  none  in  1890-91.  Extended  and 
comprehensive  courses  have  been  developed 
and  the  reputation  of  the  school  is  such  as 
to  bring  a  better  class  of  students  each  year. 
Graduate  students  from  the  smaller  music 
schools  come  to  us  and  expect,  as  a  matter 
of  course,  that  much  of  their  work  is  not  up 
to  our  requirements.  In  fact,  there  are 
very  few  who  are  able  to  enter  the  second 
year's  work. 

The  following  changes  took  place  in  the 
faculty :  Walter  G.  Logan  was  succeeded 
by  Lewis  Randolph  Blackman,  a  young 
violinist  of  excellent  reputation  in  Chicago. 
Mr.  John  Harlan  Cozine,  an  experienced 
and  well  known  voice  specialist  and  choral 
conductor,  and  Mr.  Anthony  Stankowitch, 
an  instructor  of  the  Clavier  method,  were 
added  to  the  list  of  instructors.  During  the 
year  an  interesting  series  of  historical  reci- 
tals was  given  by  various  members  of  the 
faculty,  beginning  with  a  lecture  on  Primi- 
tive Music,  with  illustrations,  by  Mrs.  Coe. 
This  was  followed  by  Bach,  Mozart,  Bee- 
thoven, Schubert,  Schumann  and  Chopin 
programs,  in  which  various  members  of  the 
faculty  assisted.  The  University  Strmg 
Quartette  had  a  number  of  outside  engage- 
ments which  brought  forth  a  number  of 
flattering  press  notices  of  their  excellent  en- 
semble work.  This  was  notably  the  case  at 
Cleveland,  where  Mr.  Oldberg  assisted  in 
the  performance  of  a  new  Trio  of  his  own 
composition  for  piano,  violin  and  'cello. 
During  the  year  the  Dean  of  the  school  was 
honored  with  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Music 
by  the  Syracuse  University. 

Some  five  years  ago  a  Preparatory  De- 
partment was  formed  for  giving  tho'-ough 
and  systematic  instruction  to  beginners  in 
music.  The  instructors  are  drawn  from  the 
more  talented  graduates  of  the  school,  the 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


141 


present  list  including  Mr.  Louis  Norton 
Dodge,  Director;  Mrs.  Nina  Shumway 
Knapp,  Miss  Elizabeth  Raymond,  Miss 
Mabel  Dunn,  Miss  Edna  Eversz,  Miss  Kath- 
erine  Hebbard,  Miss  Laura  Case  Whitlock 
and  Mr.  Curtis  A.  Barry.  This  department 
has  been  very  prosperous.  It  has  its  own 
solo  classes  and  recitals  which  stimulate 
ambition  and  emulation,  and  it  produces  far 
better  results  than  the  usual  private  home- 
training  of  young  children.  It  also  prepares 
the  more  gifted  ones  for  the  regular  courses 
and  accustoms  them  to  public  appearances. 

The  year  1901-02  was  signalized  by  ad- 
vancing to  professorships  Mrs.  Coe,  Mr. 
Oldberg  and  Mr.  Harold  E.  Knapp,  in  their 
respective  specialties  of  piano  and  musical 
history,  piano  and  composition,  and  violin 
and  ensemble  playing.  In  other  regards  the 
faculty  remained  the  same,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  Miss  Una  Howell,  who  resigned  at 
the  middle  of  the  previous  year,  and  was 
replaced  by  Miss  Margaret  Cameron,  a  pupil 
of  Leschetitsky,  who  has  won  an  enviable 
position  as  pianist  and  teacher  in  the  city. 
The  registrations  numbered  366  for  the 
year,  and  the  income  exceeded  that  of 
the  previous  year  by  about  20  per  cent. 
Some  ten  students  completed  the  Certificate 
Course,  while  three  were  graduated  from 
the  Diploma  Course.  Of  the  thirty-five  or 
more  student  recitals,  thirteen  were  indi- 
vidual recitals,  giving  many  important  musi- 
cal compositions  and,  for  the  most  part,  the 
programs  were  memorized.  Advanced 
students  played  the  following  concertos : 
For  piano,  the  Beethoven  C  minor,  Men- 
delssohn G  minor,  Rubinstein  D  minor, 
Grieg  A  minor  and  St.  Saens  G  minor ;  for 
violin,  the  Beethoven  D  major  (first  move- 
ment), Mendelssohn  E  minor  and  Vieu.x- 
temps  A  minor. 

Advanced  classes  have  done  very  credit- 
able work  in  eight-part  counterpoint,  as  well 
as   in   double   and  triple   counterpoint,   fig- 


ured chorals  and  fugue  up  to  four  parts. 
Many  typical  works  by  Bach  and  Beethoven 
have  been  analytically  dissected  and  also 
concertos,  chamber  music  and  symphonies 
from  full  score.  Capable  students  have  as- 
sisted at  the  meetings  of  the  musical  section 
of  the  Woman's  Club,  the  Thomas  Orches- 
tral Class,  local  concerts,  and  have  given  bi- 
monthly Sunday  afternoon  entertainments 
at  the  University  Settlement.  Two  impor- 
tant compositions  of  Professor  Oldberg's 
have  received  their  first  performance  at  the 
faculty  concerts,  a  Trio  for  piano,  violin  and 
'cello,  and  a  String  Quartette.  This  latter 
work  was  repeated  at  a  concert  of  the  Chi- 
cago Manuscript  Society,  of  which  Profes- 
sor Oldberg  is  President.  Other  numbers 
on  the  same  occasion  were  the  Finale  from 
a  String  Quartette  by  Professor  Knapp,  and 
a  sacred  solo  for  contralto  with  violin  obli- 
gato  by  Professor  Lutkin. 

A  matter  of  congratulation  has  been  the 
steady  increase  in  the  interest  and  appre- 
ciation of  the  Chamber  Music  Recitals  by 
our  faculty.  Works  of  this  character  are  the 
most  difficult  to  comprehend  in  all  musical 
literature,  and  many  of  the  greatest  com- 
posers have  confided  their  loftiest  inspira- 
tions to  this  most  refined  form  of  composi- 
tion, calling,  as  it  does,  upon  a  company  of 
individual  artists  for  its  proper  representa- 
tion. The  patience,  devotion  and  zeal  neces- 
sary to  produce  a  good  ensemble  of  con- 
certed instruments  is  something  enormous, 
and  the  school  and  the  community  are  very 
fortunate  in  having  professional  musicians 
of  such  high  ideals  and  ambitions.  For  the 
sake  of  those  interested,  a  list  is  appended  of 
the  works  given  during  the  past  seven  sea- 
sons, a  number  of  which  are  but  rarely  per- 
formed : 

Bach,   Concerto  for  two  Violins. 

Bargiel,  String  Quartette  No.  3.  Op.  15. 

Trio  for  Piano,  Violin,  and  'Cello,  Op.  6,  No.  1 
Trio  for  Piano,  Violin,  and  'Cello,  Op.  6,  No.  3. 


142 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


Beethoven,  String  Quartette,  Op.  15,  No.  1. 
String  Quartette,  Op.  18,  No.  2. 
String  Quartette,  Op.    18,   No.   6 
String  Quartette,  Op.  59,  No.  1. 
String  Quartette,  Op.  59,   No.  3. 
String  Quartette,   Op.   18,  No.  2. 
String  Quartette,  Op.  18.  No.  4. 
String  Quartette,  Op.  95. 
String   Quartette,  Op.  74. 
String  Trio,  Op.  9,  No.  3. 
Trio  for  Piano,  Violin,  and  'Cello,  Op.  97. 
Serenade  for  Violin,  Viola,  and  'Cello,  Op.  8. 
Serenade  for  Flute,  Violin,  and  Viola,  Op.  25. 
Septette    for    Clarionet,    Bassoon,    Horn,    and 
Strings,  Op.  20. 

(Four    movements.      The   wind    instruments 
supplied  upon  the  organ.) 
Concerto  for  Violin,  Op.  61. 

(First    movement    with    Leonard    Cadenza.) 
Sonata  for  Piano  and  Violin,  Op.  47. 
Borodine,    Serenade    Espagnole    for   Strings. 
Brahms,  Quintette    for    Piano,    two    Violins,    Viola,    and 
'Cello,   Op.  34. 
Sextette  for  Strings,  Op.  18. 
Chopin,    Polonaise  for   'Cello   and   Piano,   Op.  3. 
Dvorak,  String  Quartette,  Op.  51. 

Quintette  for   Piano,   two  Violins,    Viola,   'Cello, 

Op.   81. 
Bagatelles    for    two    Violins,    'Cello,    and    Organ, 

Op.  47. 
Bagatelles   for   two    Violins,    'Cello,    and   Organ, 

Op.  95. 
String  Quartette,  Op.  96. 
Cesar  Franck,  Sonata  for  Piano  and  Violin. 
Foote,    Arthur,    Quintette   for    Piano,    two    Violins,    Viola 

and  'Cello,  Op.  38. 
Gade,  Trio  for  Piano,  Violin,  and  'Cello,  Op.  42. 
Godard,  Trio  for  Piano,  Violin,  and  'Cello,  Op.  72. 
Goldmark,   Quintette   for   Piano,   two   Violins,    Viola,   and 

'Cello.   Op.  30. 
Golterman,  Concertstueck  for  'Cello,  Op.  65. 
Grieg,  Sonata  for  Piano  and  V^iolin,  Op.  45. 
Sonata  for  Piano  and  V^iolin,  Op.  13. 
String   Quartette,   G.   minor. 
Hubbard  W.  Harris,  Sonata  for  'Cello  and  Piano. 

(Second  and  third  movements.) 
Handel,  Sonata  for  Piano  and  Violin,  A.  major. 
Haydn,  String  Quartette.  Op.  77.  No.  1. 

Variations    from    Kaiser   Quartette. 
Hofifmann,  Sonata  for  Violin  and  Piano,  Op:  67. 
Harold   E.  Knapp,  String  Quartette  in   C  major. 
Liadow,    Scherzo    for    Strings. 

P.  C.   Lutkin.  Trio  for  Piano,  Violin,  and  'Cello,  Op.  1. 
(Second  movement.) 
Andante  for  Violin  and  Orchestra,  Op.  6. 
(Orchestral  part  arranged  for  strings  and  organ.) 
Mendelssohn,  String  Quartette,  Op.  12,  No.  1. 

Trio  for  Piano,  Violin,  and  'Cello,  Op.  66. 
Sonata  for  'Cello  and  Piano,  Op.  45,  No.  1. 
Mozart,  Quintette  for  Clarionette  and  Strings. 

String  Quartette  No.  14. 
Arne  Oldberg,  String  Quartette,   C    minor. 

Trio  for  Piano,  V^iolin  and  'Cello,  E    minor. 
String  Quartette,  D   major. 


Rubinstein,   Sonata  for  'Cello  and  Piano,  Op.  18. 
(First   movement.) 
Sonata  for  Violin  and  Piano,  Op.  13. 

(First   movement.) 
String  Quartette,  Op.   17,  No.  3. 
Charles  Schubert,  Andante  and  Caprice  for  'Cello. 
Schubert,  String  Quartette,  Op.  29. 
(Two  movements.) 
String  Quartette.  D    minor. 

(Two  movements.) 
String  Quintette. 

Trio   for   Piano,   Violin,  and   'Cello,   Op.   90. 
Trio   for    Piano,   Violin,  and  'Cello,   Op.   100. 

(Two  movements.) 
Quintette  for  Piano,   Violin,   V^iola,   'Cello,    and 
Bass,    Op.    114. 
Schumann,   String  Quartette,  Op.  41,  No.  2. 

Quintette   for   Piano,  two    Violins,   Viola,   and 

'Cello.  Op.  44. 
Quartette  for  Piano,  Violin,  Viola,  and  'Cello, 
Op.  45. 
Saint  Saens.  Quintette  for  Piano  and  Strings,  Op.  14. 
Svendsen.  Allegro  Scherzando. 
Tschaikowsky,  String  Quartette.   Op.    11. 

Trio,  for  Piano,  Violin  and  'Cello,  Op.  50. 
Wathall,  A.   G.,  Suite  for  Strings. 
Weber,  Concerto  for  Clarionet.   Op.  7o. 

(Orchestral  part  arranged  for  Organ  and  Strings.) 
Weber,  Josef  Miroslav,  String  Quartette  in  B    minor. 

It  is  with  difficulty  that  the  business  of 
the  School  is  properly  attended  to  in  its 
present  inadequate  quarters.  Thirty  rooms 
with  as  many  pianos,  are  in  constant  use  for 
instruction  and  practice.  Ten  more  would 
only  relieve  our  immediate  necessities.  A 
concert  hall,  with  larger  seating  capacity, 
and  a  good-sized  organ  are  also  much  need- 
ed. That  the  conditions  exist  in  Evanston 
for  the  development  of  one  of  the  largest 
and  most  influential  schools  oi  music  in  the 
country,  there  can  be  no  doubt.  Students 
have  been  registered  from  China,  East  India, 
South  America,  Mexico,  France,  England, 
Newfoundland,  Quebec,  Ontario,  Manitoba 
and  twenty-eight  of  the  United  States.  Each 
year  brings  us  a  more  talented  and  desirable 
class  of  students,  as  our  reputation  expands. 
\^ery  capable  students  have  been  graduated 
and  at  least  three  prominent  Chicago 
churches  have  been  supplied  by  us  with 
organists,  where  the  duties  are  as  exacting 
as  any  churches  in  the  West.  A  gifted 
violin  student,  who  has  received  his  entire 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


143 


training  in  the  school,  recently  played  for 
one  of  the  most  capable  judges  in  the  coun- 
try, and  his  work  was  most  highly  com- 
mended and  a  brilliant  future  for  him  pre- 
dicted. Alfred  G.  Wathall,  one  of  our  grad- 
uates in  theory,  has  written  the  music  to  a 
light  opera  in  conjunction  with  George  Ade, 
and  it  has  had  an  unprecedented  run  at  the 
Studebaker  in  Chicago.  Our  piano  grad- 
uates have  appeared  professionally  with 
success  and  many  have  established  good 
teaching  connections  and  send  capable  stu- 
dents to  us  every  year.  Another  has  gone 
to  Madison,  Wis.,  where  he  is  instructor  in 
the  University  of  Wisconsin,  has  the  most 
important  church  position  and  conducts  two 
choral  societies,  one  of  which  he  organized. 
These  instances  are  cited  to  show  some  of 
the  practical  results  of  the  School. 

A  crying  need  in  the  musical  education 
of  America  is  a  more  thorough  training  in 
the  theory  of  composition  in  music.  With- 
out this  we  can  never  attain  to  artistic 
prominence  in  the  world  of  art,  as  far  as 
original  work  is  concerned.  The  average 
American  composer  has  a  smattering  of 
harmony  and,  possibly,  a  faint  idea  of  strict 
counterpoint.  With  this  limited  equipment 
he  rushes  into  print  with  the  hope  of  meet- 
ing the  popular  taste  and  gaining  notoriety 
and  wealth.  C)f  the  exacting  discipline  that 
would  place  the  material  of  musical  com- 
position at  his  ready  command,  the  close 
stud_v  of  the  masters,  the  comprehension 
of  the  subtle  laws  of  esthetics,  of  propor- 
tion, balance  and  contrast,  of  even  the 
mechanical  outline  of  musical  forms,  he 
knows  little  and  cares  less. 

A  University  School  of  Music  should 
strive  to  supply  this  great  lack  and  to  estab- 
lish not  only  a  high  standard  of  musical 
learning,  but  of  general  c-.ilture  as  well.  It 
should  guard  against  the  one-sided  tenden- 
cies of  professional  education  and  add  to 
it  such  elements  as  will  serve  to  broaden  the 


vision,  enlarge  the  sympathies,  and  sharpen 
the  intellect  and  understanding.  Scholarli- 
ness  and  thoroughness  should  characterize 
its  teachings  and  its  faculty  should  stand  for 
the  highest  ideals  of  art.  Of  equal,  if  not 
greater,  importance  should  be  its  moral  tone 
and  influence.  The  sensitive  and  emotional 
nature  associated  with  the  artistic  tempera- 
ment should  be  safeguarded  in  every  possi- 
ble way.  In  large  cities  there  is,  unhappily, 
a  tinge  of  the  moral  laxity  prevalent  in 
European  capitals  among  professional  men. 
It  is  by  no  means  confined  to  musicians. 
It  is  a  most  dangerous  and  pernicious  en- 
vironment for  the  young  in  their  formative 
years,  and  not  infrequently  ends  most  dis- 
astrously. Against  these  lamentable  possi- 
bilities the  wholesome  surroundings  of 
Evanston  offer  a  marked  contrast.  Its 
churches  and  Christian  associations,  its 
freedom  from  saloons  and  questionable  re- 
sorts, together  with  its  educational  facilities 
and  attractive  location,  make  it  an  ideal 
home  for  the  pursuit  of  a  musical  educa- 
tion. 

Evanston,  with  its  beautiful  homes  and 
cultured  residents,  should  take  a  peculiar 
pride  in  the  cultivation  of  the  fine  arts,  and 
should  loyally  support  all  educational  ef- 
forts in  that  direction.  The  School  of 
Music  has  grown  steadily  from  small  be- 
ginnings and  its  one  advertisement  has  been 
its  own  work.  It  has  drawn  to  itself  an  able 
faculty  thoroughly  in  accord  with  Univer- 
sity ideals.  It  has  an  unusual  proportion  of 
men  actively  engaged  in  composition  of  the 
better  sort.  It  attracts  talented  students 
and  holds  them  to  such  an  extent,  that,  in 
several  instances,  the  entire  family  have 
changed  their. mode  of  life  in  order  to  live 
in  Evanston,  so  that  the  student  could 
reap  the  full  benefit  of  the  advantages  of- 
fered by  continuous  residence  here.  With 
its  Preparatory  Department  it  has  given  op- 
portunity to  a  number  of  its  capable  grad- 


144 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


uates  to  make  a  start  professionally.  Its 
faculty  and  student  recitals  have  been  open 
to  the  public  without  charge,  and  they 
have  formed,  together  with  the  concerts  of 
the  Evanston  Musical  Club,  by  far  the 
larger  and  more  important  part  of  the  musi- 
cal attractions  in  Evanston.  Concert  pro- 
grams that  are  arranged  to  please  the  aver- 
age audience  are  rarely  of  real  educational 
value.  The  school  has  consistently  and 
persistently  held  to  the  highest  standards, 
and  the  value  of  such  a  rigid  policy  is  not 
always  readily  recognized,  but  the  wisdom 
of  it  has  been  amply  justified  by  the  steady 
increase  in  attendance  and  appreciation. 
There  is  no  surer  gauge  of  real  refinement 
and  culture  than  the  measure  of  esteem  in 
which  good  music  is  held  in  a  community. 

But  Evanston  should  not  confine  its 
ambition  or  interest  to  the  welfare  of  a  Con- 
servatory of  Music.  Great  possibilities  exist 
here  for  the  development  of  the  art  outside 
the  scope  of  a  good  music  school.  Music 
Festivals,  after  the  plan  of  Cincinnati  or 
Worcester,  are  quite  feasible  here.  They 
are  managed  successfully,  both  from  an  ar- 
tistic and  a  financial  point  of  view,  at  such 
small  places  as  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  and 
Oberlin,  Ohio,  where  they  have  but  a  frac- 
tion of  our  advantages  or  facilities.  Still 
they  contrive  to  have  good  choruses  and 
orchestras  and  to  engage  really  great  artists. 
We  are  more  fortunately  situated  here,  in 
that  we  have  better  choral  resources,  and 
that  an  unsurpassed  orchestra  can  be  ob- 
tained without  the  great  expense  that  is 
entailed  by  transportation  and  hotel  accom- 
modations in  places  remote  from  large 
cities.  The  only  essential  lack  in  Evanston 
is  a  suitable  hall.  The  rest  is  merely  a 
matter  of  enterprise  and  ambition. 

The  music  festival  presents  peculiar  con- 
ditions for  the  effective  performance  of 
music — conditions  that  are  almost  a  neces- 
sity for  a  satisfactory  rendition  of  certain 
great  works.  These  works  require  an  enthu- 


siastic and  responsive  state  of  feeling  as  re- 
gards the  audience,  and  this  condition  is 
difficult  to  arouse  without  the  festival  spirit. 
The  stimulating  atmosphere  of  excitement, 
the  cumulative  effect  of  successive  perform- 
ances, the  concentration  of  artistic  talent, 
the  relaxation  from  the  ordinary  daily 
pursuits,  all  tend  to  put  the  hearer  in  a 
receptive  and  appreciative  attitude.  All 
these  elements  react  upon  the  performers 
and,  as  a  consequence,  results  are  realized 
which  would  be  quite  impossible  at  isolated 
concerts. 

The  permanent  establishment  of  annual 
or  biennial  festivals  would  give  Evanston 
an  artistic  prominence  obtainable  in  no 
other  manner.  With  its  great  University 
and  its  superior  moral  surroundings,  it  al- 
ready enjoys  a  most  enviable  reputation  as 
an  educational  center.  Add  to  this  the 
attraction  and  distinction  of  notable  musi- 
cal festivals,  and  Evanston  will  be  unique 
among  the  cities  of  the  West  as  an  artistic 
and  literary  community.  And  the  larger 
portion  of  gain  would  not  be  to  the  residents 
of  our  favored  town,  but  to  the  student 
hailing  from  the  farm  or  the  country  village. 
What  an  education  it  would  be  to  him  if,  in 
the  course  of  his  college  life,  he  would  have 
the  opportunity  to  hear  the  great  master- 
works  of  music  given  under  inspiring  and 
uplifting  conditions !  Coming,  as  they  do, 
from  all  quarters  of  the  Union,  many  of 
them  would  return  to  their  homes  as  so 
many  musical  missionaries,  fired  with  an 
ambition  to  do  what  they  could  for  good  art. 
Hundreds  would  go  forth  from  us  every 
year  with  their  esthetic  sense  stirred 
and  enlarged,  with  a  wholesome  respect  for 
the  great  names  in  music  and  an  apprecia- 
tive familiarity  with  the  standard  oratorios 
and  orchestral  works.  The  seeds  of  nuisical 
culture,  thus  sown,  would  bear  fruit  in 
scores  of  communities,  and  would  play  no 
small  part  in  the  higher  development  of  our 
country. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


145 


Events  of  1902-03. — The  year  1902-1903 
was  made  notable  by  an  increase  of  an 
even  hundred  students  in  attendance  and 
of  over  six  thousand  dollars  in  income. 
Courses  in  English  language,  English 
literature  and  modern  languages  were 
added  to  the  graduating  requirements 
with  the  result  of  bringing  to  the  Uni- 
versity a  better  class  of  students,  as  far 
as  general  education  was  concerned.  A 
series  of  eight  concerts,  known  as  the 
".\rtists'  Series,"  was  begun,  given  alter- 
nately by  members  of  our  own  faculty  and 
by  visiting  artists.  The  latter  included 
Minnie  Fish-Griffin  in  a  song  recital ;  Ar- 
thur Hochman,  of  Berlin,  in  a  piano  reci- 
tal ;  Bruno  Steindel  in  a  'cello  recital,  and 
Glenn  Hall,  of  New  York,  and  Allen 
Spencer,  of  Chicago,  in  a  joint  song  and 
piano  recital.  These  concerts  attracted 
a  large  attendance,  both  on  the  part  of 
the  students  and  the  town  people. 

Additional  quarters  for  the  kindergar- 
ten work  of  the  Preparatory  Department 
were  acquired  in  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  building, 
and  the  school  was  unable  to  supply  all 
the  non-resident  students  with  pianos  for 
their  practicing.  The  graduating  con- 
certs brought  brilliant  performances  of 
the  Schumann  A  minor,  and  the  Rubin- 
stein D  minor  piano  concertos,  and  the 
Pagannini  concerto  for  violin.  Four  di- 
plomas and  thirteen  certificates  were  added 
to  our  list. 

Enlarged  Attendance  of  1903-04. — The 
year  1903-1904,  brought  the  attendance 
just  over  the  five  hundred  mark  and  the 
income  up  to  $35,000,  with  eight  gradu- 
ates in  the  diploma  course  and  eighteen 
in  the  certificate  course.  The  first  con- 
cert in  the  Artists'  Series  was  a  decided 
novelty  in  the  way  of  a  programme  of 
chamber  music  for  piano  and  wood-wind 
instruments,  participated  in  by  Messrs. 
Starke.  Meyer,  Demare,  and  Kruse  of  the 
Thomas  Orchestra  and  Professor  Oldberg 


of  our  faculty.  Later  there  was  a  song  re- 
cital by  Gvvylim  Miles,  a  violin  recital  by 
Leopold  Kramer,  concert-meister  of  the 
Thomas  Orchestra,  and  a  piano  recital  by 
Augusta  Cotlou.  As  usual,  the  Univer- 
sity String  Quartette,  under  Professor 
Knapp,  gave  four  excellent  concerts,  while 
Miss  Cameron,  Miss  Hull,  Mr.  Blackman, 
and  Mr.  Williams  of  the  faculty  all  ap- 
peared on  interesting  programmes.  Pro- 
fessor Stanley  of  the  University  of  Michi- 
gan gave  a  most  entertaining  lecture  on 
early  Venetian  opera,  and  Gustav  Holm- 
quist  gave  a  most  artistic  recital  of  Scan- 
dinavian songs.  A  further  matter  of  in- 
terest was  the  first  performance  of  an 
elaborate  quintette  for  piano  and  string, 
by  Professor  Oldberg,  which  proved  to  be 
a  work  of  unusual  scope  and  worth. 

Five  of  the  advanced  students  and  grad- 
uates went  to  Europe  at  the  end  of  the 
school  year  to  continue  their  work  in 
Leipzig,  Berlin  and  Paris,  and  several  of 
them  at  once  won  prominence  by  reason 
of  their  talents  and  the  schooling  they  had 
received  in  Evanston.  Over  fifty  student 
recitals  were  given  during  the  year,  and 
many  hundred  compositions  for  piano,  or- 
gan, violin  and  voice  were  performed.  A 
house  opposite  Music  Hall  was  rented  and 
filled  with  pianos  for  practicing  purposes. 

Conditions  of  1904-05. — The  year  1904- 
1905  again  showed  a  recoil  in  attendance 
after  successive  gains  of  the  previous 
years,  the  enrollment  dropping  to  466. 
The  loss  in  income  was  not  relatively  so 
great,  as  a  large  proportion  of  students  re- 
mained through  the  year.  As  usual,  a 
number  of  inquiring  students  failed  to  ap- 
pear upon  learning  that  the  official  board- 
ing places  could  not  accommodate  them ; 
as  they  or  their  parents  objected  to  board- 
ing in  town,  principally  upon  the  score  of 
expense.  The  graduates  were  four  in  the 
graduate  class  and  fifteen  in  the  certifi- 
cate class. 


146 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


The  Artists'  Series  of  concerts  was  a 
notable  one.  \\'ith  the  co-operation  of 
the  Thomas  Study  class  and  the  Evan- 
ston  Musical  Club,  famous  artists  and  or- 
ganizations appeared.  The  first  of  these 
was  the  celebrated  Kneisel  Quartette  of 
Boston,  who  gave  us  a  fine  program,  re- 
markable for  its  charm  of  tone,  refine- 
ment of  shading,  and  artistic  interpreta- 
tion. This  was  followed  by  a  song  re- 
cital by  Muriel  Foster,  the  greatest  con- 
tralto now  upon  the  concert  stage.  On 
the  evening  previous  to  her  recital,  Miss 
Foster  appeared  with  the  Evanston  Mus- 
ical Club  in  Dvorak's  "Stabat  Mater" 
and  upon  the  same  occasion  Professor 
Oldberg  played  for  the  first  time  his  new 
symphonic  concerto  for  piano  and  orches- 
tra, a  brilliant  and  most  difficult  work,  in 
which  he  scored  a  great  success  both  as 
composer  and  pianist. 

In  February  the  Pittsburg  Symphony 
Orchestra,  under  the  magnetic  baton  of 
Emil  Paur.  gave  Beethoven's  Overture  to 
Egmont,  the  same  composer's  Emperor 
Concerto  for  piano  and  orchestra  with 
Mr.  Paur  at  the  piano,  Tscharkowsky's 
Pathetic  Symphony  and  Wagner's  Vor- 
spiel  to  the  Meistersaenger.  The  concert 
provoked  the  utmost  enthusiasm,  due  to 
the  energy  and  virility  of  Mr.  Paur's  con- 
ducting. 

The  last  concert  by  visitors  was  an 
evening  of  old-time  music  by  Arnold  Dol- 
metsch's  party,  performed  upon  the  in- 
struments for  which  the  music  was  orig- 
inally written,  such  as  the  spinet,  harpsi- 
chord, dulcimer  and  viola  of  various 
kinds.  In  the  four  concerts  given  by  our 
own  faculty  a  number  of  standard  classi- 
cal string  quartettes  were  played,  and  a 
first  performance  of  a  Quintette  by  Cxsar 
Franck,  in  which  Mrs.  Coe  supplemented 
the  University  Quartette  at  the  piano. 
With   the  assistance  of  Mrs.   Lida  Scott 


Brown  as  reader,  ]\Irs.  Coe  gave  a  per- 
formance of  her  popular  melodrama, 
"Hiawatha,"  before  a  large  and  apprecia- 
tive audience.  The  musical  themes  for 
this  work  are  largely  drawn  from  Indian 
sources,  and  are  judiciously  and  effective- 
ly applied  as  a  back-ground  to  the  recita- 
tion of  this  famous  poem. 

The  Outlook  of  1905-06. — The  present 
year  (1905-1906)  bids  fair  to  be  the  most 
prosperous  of  all  in  a  material  sense,  and 
the  school  shows,  in  man}'  ways,  the 
benefits  accruing  from  fifteen  years  of  en- 
deavor to  establish  an  institution  for 
musical  instruction  upon  a  worthy  aca- 
demic basis.  A  new  department  of  Pub- 
lic School  Methods  was  inaugurated  in 
the  fall,  designed  to  fit  candidates  for  the 
position  of  supervisor  of  music  in  the 
public  schools.  There  is  but  one  school 
in  the  \\'est  that  specializes  to  any  con- 
siderable extent  in  this  branch  of  work, 
and  it  would  seem  that  such  a  depart- 
ment, with  the  collateral  advantages  of  a 
College  of  Liberal  Arts  and  a  well-equip- 
ped School  of  Music,  would  be  very  at- 
tractive. This  department  is  in  the  very 
capable  charge  of  Miss  Leila  M.  Harlow, 
supervisor  of  music  in  the  Evanston  grade 
schools. 

The  Artists'  Series  brought  the  Knei- 
sel Quartette  for  its  second  appearance 
here  and  a  song  recital  by  George  Ham- 
lin, and  will  include  a  chamber  music  re- 
cital of  wood-wind  instruments,  at  which 
a  new  Quintette  for  piano,  oboe,  clari- 
net, French  horn  and  bassoon  of  Profes- 
sor Oldberg's  will  receive  its  first  pro- 
duction, and  a  piano  recital  by  Emil 
Paur. 

That  there  is  a  coterie  of  ardent  and 
sincere  music  lovers  in  Evanston  is  evi- 
denced by  the  increasing  interest  taken 
in  chamber  music.  The  concerts  of  the 
Kneisel    Quartette    have    been    patronized 


H 


HISTORY  OF  EVAXSTON 


147 


to  an  extent  which  puts  Chicago  to  the 
blush,  and  the  keen  and  discriminating 
appreciation  for  string  quartette  music  is 
largely  due  to  the  unceasing  efforts  of 
Professor  Harold  Knapp  in  this  direction. 
He  has  labored  for  the  cause  in  season 
and  out  of  season,  with  unflagging  zeal 
and  enthusiasm,  despite  discouragements 
and  lukewarm  interest,  and  it  is  pleasant 
to  chronicle  that  his  high  ideals  and  abid- 
ing faith  in  the  best  in  art  have  at  last 
won  recognition.  His  capable  quartette 
has  played  repeatedly  in  the  homes  of  our 
music  lovers  and  chamber  music  in  every 
sense  of  the  term  has  come  to  its.  own. 
Professor  Knapp's  able  colleagues  are 
Messrs.  Lewis  R.  Blackman,  Charles  El- 
ander  and  Day  Williams. 

Changes  in  Teaching  Force. — The  well- 
known  contralto,  Mrs.  Eleanor  Kirkham, 
was  added  to  the  vocal  force  of  the  fac- 
ulty and,  upon  her  removal  to  New  York, 
was  succeeded  by  IVIrs.  Lillian  French 
Read.  Provision  for  the  study  of  the  harp 
was  made  by  the  appointment  of  Mrs. 
Clara  Murray,  who  was  succeeded  by 
Walfried  Singer  of  the  Thomas  orches- 
tra. Mr.  Walter  Keller  and  Mr.  Anthony 
Stankowitch  resigned,  the  latter  to  ac- 
cept charge  of  a  large  music  department 
in  a  Southern  school.  Mr.  Alfred  G.  Wat- 
hall,  a  graduate  of  the  school  who  had 
been  appointed  instructor  in  harmony, 
and  who  played  viola  in  the  L'niversity 
String  Quartette,  resigned  in  order  to  pur- 
sue his  studies  in  London.  The  Evan- 
ston  Musical  Club  performed  a  very  cred- 
itable cantata  of  Air.  \\'athairs,  entitled 
"Alice  Brand,"  for  chorus,  soli,  and  full 
orchestra.  His  undoubted  ability  as  a 
composer  has  enlisted  the  active  interest 
of  Sir  Villiers  Stanford  and  Sir  Frederick 
Bridge,  of  the  Royal  College  of  Music, 
London. 

John   Skelton  was  succeeded  by  Charles 


S.  Horn  as  instructor  of  band  instru- 
ments, and  also  took  charge  of  the  Uni- 
versity Band.  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Raymond 
\Voodward,  Mrs.  Nina  Shumway  Knapp, 
and  Miss  Bertha  A.  Beeman  were  ad- 
vanced from  the  Preparatory  Department 
to  the  regular  faculty.  Mr.  Irving  Ham- 
lin was  appointed  Secretary  of  the  school 
in  1902,  and  greatly  improved  the  busi- 
ness relations  of  the  school,  which  had 
formerly  been  in  the  hands  of  inexper- 
ienced students. 

The  following  names  appear  on  the  fac- 
ulty of  the  Preparatory  Department 
since  1902:  William  E.  Zench,  ]\Irs.  Car- 
rie D.  Barrows,  Grace  Ericson,  Elizabeth 
L.  Shotwell,  Mrs.  Hila  Verbeck  Knapp, 
Sarah  Moore,  Juliet  Maude  Marceau,  Nel- 
lie B.  Flodin  and  John  M.  Rosborough. 
The  last  five  mentioned  are  still  upon  the 
faculty. 

Necrology  of  the  Year. — The  sad  dutv 
remains  of  making  record  of  the  death 
of  two  who  were  intimately  connected 
with  the  school  —  the  one  as  teacher 
and  the  other  as  student.  Mrs.  Saidee 
Knowland  Coe,  Professor  of  Piano  and 
Musical  History,  and  wife  of  Professor 
George  A.  Coe,  of  the  College  of  Liberal 
Arts,  died  at  Alameda,  Cal..  August  24, 
1905.  Mrs.  Coe  was  a  member  of  the 
faculty  of  the  School  of  Music  for  eleven 
years  and  performed  her  duties  with  great 
fidelity  and  success.  As  a  pianist,  teacher 
and  lecture  recitalist  Mrs.  Coe  had  an  ex- 
tended reputation,  and  she  was  particu- 
larly interested  in  bringing  forward  new 
or  comparatively  unknown  works.  The 
courses  in  the  History  of  Alusic  were 
greatly  extended  under  her  direction  and 
compared  favorably  with  those  of  our 
greatest  schools  and  universities.  Her  lec- 
tures on  the  music  of  the  American  In- 
dians and  on  the  Wagner  music-dramas 
were     especially     noteworth}-.     ]\Irs.    Coe 


148 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


had  resigned  her  position  in  the  School  of 
Music  and  had  been  appointed  as  a  spe- 
cial lecturer  on  music  in  the  College  of 
Liberal  Arts.  Her  plans  for  a  year's  vaca- 
tion in  Europe  for  recreation  and  study 
were  rudely  shattered  by  her  sudden 
death.  A  large  circle  of  friends  and  pupils 
mourn  her  loss  and  untimely  end. 

Earle  Waterous,  for  ten  years  a  violin 
student  under  Professor  Knapp,  died  at 
his  home  in  Evanston  November  15,  1905. 
Evincing  signs  of  unusual  ability  as  a 
mere    child,    he    was    given    a    thorough 


schooling  and  before  he  was  out  of  his 
'teens  had  acquired  a  very  unusual  tech- 
nical mastery  of  his  instrument.  Inter- 
ested friends  sent  him  to  Europe  and  he 
immediately  took  a  commanding  posi- 
tion in  the  Leipszig  Conservatory,  elicit- 
ing the  most  flattering  comments  from  the 
local  press  and  winning  predictions  of 
high  rank  as  a  virtuoso  from  his  teachers. 
With  every  promise  of  a  brilliant  career 
he  was  seized  with  a  dread  disease  and 
barely  reached  his  home  ere  he  passed 
away. 


CHAPTER   XVI. 


UNIVERSITY  SCHOOL  OF  ORATORY 


Professor  Cumnock  as  Founder — Grozvth 
and  Standing  Due  to  his  Labors — First 
Class  Graduated  in  1881 — Its  Aim  and 
Branches  Taught — Building  Erected — Is 
Dedicated  in  1895 — Location  and  Descrip- 
tion— Advantage  over  Private  Institu- 
tions of  Like  Character — Training  in 
English  Composition  and  Rhetoric — En- 
rollment According  to  Last  Catalogue — 
Promising  Outlook  for  the  Future. 

The  existence,  growth  and  high  standing 
of  the  School  of  Oratory  of  the  North- 
western University  (generally  known  as  the 
Cumnock  School  of  Oratory),  is  largely  the 
outcome  of  the  life  and  labors  of  Prof. 
R.  L.  Cumnock.  Entering  the  service 
of  the  University  in  the  fall  of  1868,  he 
labored  for  ten  years,  doing  the  work  as- 
signed him  in  the  curriculum  of  the  College 
of  Liberal  Arts.  In  the  fall  of  1878  an 
urgent  demand  for  advanced  work  in  vocal 
expression  and  interpretation  resulted  in 
the  organization  of  a  special  department 
known  as  the  School  of  Oratory.  The  first 
class  was  graduated  in  1881.  The  special 
purpose  involved  in  the  organization  of 
this  new  department  was  to  furnish  instruc- 
tion and  training  in  three  subjects,  viz: 
Elocution,    English   and    Physical    Culture. 

The  chief  aim  of  the  school  was  to  pre- 
pare young  men  and  women  to  teach  these 
subjects   in   colleges,   academies,   high   and 


normal  schools.  For  many  years  the  stu- 
dents in  this  department  were  accommo- 
dated in  the  College  of  Liberal  Arts.  From 
1890  to  1894  the  applications  for  admission 
to  the  school  were  so  numerous  that  many 
could  not  be  accepted  by  reason  of  the 
meager  accommodations  in  University  Hall. 
In  the  spring  of  1894  Professor  Cumnock 
secured  from  the  Trustees  a  site  on  the 
University  campus  and  assumed  the  entire 
responsibility  of  erecting  a  building  for  the 
special  use  of  the  School  of  Oratory.  The 
building,  with  its  equipment  costing  $30,- 
000,  was,  at  its  dedication  on  May  16,  1895, 
handed  over  to  the  President  of  the  Univer- 
sity by  Professor  Cumnock,  entirely  free 
from  debt. 

The  building  was  named  the  Annie  May 
Swift  Hall,  in  memory  of  one  of  Professor 
Cumnock's  former  pupils,  whose  father, 
Gustavus  F.  Swift,  of  Chicago,  generously 
contributed  to  its  erection.  It  stands  just 
northeast  of  the  Liberal  Arts  Building,  near 
the  lake  shore.  Many  of  the  windows  look 
directly  upon  the  water,  and  from  every 
point  the  view  is  beautiful.  The  building  is 
of  the  Venetian  style  of  architecture.  The 
basement  is  of  rock-faced  Lemont  lime- 
stone, and  the  upper  stories  are  a  buff-col- 
ored Roman  brick  and  terra  cotta.  The 
roof  is  of  red  tile.  There  are  three  main 
entrances,  the  one  on  the  south  leading  to 
the  broad  corridor  that  opens  into  the  audi- 


149 


ISO 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


torium,  and  the  other  two  on  the  east  and 
west  sides  of  the  building. 

The  auditorium,  though  not  large,  is  the 
handsomest  room  in  any  of  the  University 
buildings.  No  pillars  obstruct  the  view, 
as  the  roof  is  supported  by  iron  trusses 
stretching  from  the  roof  girders.  The  floor 
has  a  gentle  incline  to  the  stage  from  the 
sides  and  rear  of  the  auditorium,  so  that 
from  every  seat  an  excellent  view  may  be 
obtained.  This  building  gives  the  depart- 
ment the  best  facilities  of  any  school  of 
oratory  in  America,  and  enables  it  to  offer 
special  advantages  to  all  students  pursuing 
its  course  of  study. 

The  unique  feature  in  the  organization 
of  the  work  of  the  school  is  the  emphasis 
placed  upon  private  training.  Two  private 
lessons  in  elocution  are  given,  weekly,  to 
each  student  during  the  entire  course.  Be- 
ing free  from  rent  and  taxes,  which  other 
schools  of  like  character  are  compelled  to 


pay,  the  management  can  aftord  to  provide 
this  personal  training  which  other  schools 
of  oratory  cannot,  or  do  not,  offer. 

In  a  large  measure  the  same  personal 
training  is  carried  on  in  English  composition 
and  rhetoric.  The  number  enrolled  in  the 
last  catalogue  of  the  school  is  214,  and  the 
patronage  is  increasing  slowly,  but  steadily. 
The  graduates  of  the  school  are  filling  im- 
portant positions  in  many  of  the  leading 
colleges  and  schools  of  the  Middle  West, 
while  a  flourishing  school  of  oratory,  named 
after  the  Director  and  managed  by  one  of 
the  former  teachers  of  this  Department,  is 
located  at  Los  Angeles,  California. 

It  is  safe  to  say  that  the  future  of  this 
Department  is  secure,  and  that  students,  as 
they  come  to  learn  the  high  grade  and  qual- 
ity of  the  work  done  here,  will  enroll  them- 
selves, where  the  highest  art  in  public 
speaking  and  writing  are  essential  condi- 
tions for  graduation. 


CHAPTER   XVII. 


UNIVERSITY  ATHLETICS 

(By  PKOF.  J.  SCOTT  CLARK,  A.  M.,  Lit.  D.) 


Evanston  Lifc-Sazing  Creiv — Tragic  Fate 
of  the  Steamer  "Lady  Elgin"  Leads  to 
Its  Organi::ation — Its  First  Members — 
List  of  Notable  Rescues — Service  Re- 
warded by  Issue  of  Medals  to  the  Crew 
by  Act  of  Congress — Baseball  History — 
The  Old  Gymnasium — Tug  of  _  War 
Teams — Football  Records — Athletic  Field 
and  Grand  Stand — Track  Athletics  and 
Tennis  Games. 

The  noblest  and  the  most  interesting 
chapter  in  the  history  of  athletics  at  North- 
western University  grows  out  of  the  fact 
that  its  founders  selected  for  the  University 
a  site  near  what  had  long  been  known  to 
lake  mariners  as  a  dangerous  point  on  the 
shore  of  Lake  Michigan.  As  the  determin- 
ation of  this  site  settled  the  site  of  Evanston, 
so  the  configuration  of  the  shore  at  this  point 
made  it  inevitable  that,  sooner  or  later,  there 
should  be  established  here  a  life-saving  sta- 
tion. Long  before  the  days  of  football 
teams,  coaches,  trainers,  and  the  like — long 
before  a  gymnasium  was  even  asked  for, 
a  volunteer  band  of  Northwestern  students 
made  themselves  immortal  and  won  the 
praise  of  the  nation  by  their  heroic  rescue 
of  passengers  from  the  ill-fated  steamer, 
the  "Lady  Elgin."  On  the  8th  day  of 
September,  i860,  a  merry  company  of  four 
hundred  souls  set  out  from  Chicago  for  an 


excursion  trip.  The  story  of  the  rapid  de- 
struction of  the  steamer  by  fire  and  the 
death  by  drowning  and  otherwise  of  all  but 
98  of  the  passengers,  is  one  of  the  tragic 
episodes  in  the  history  of  Chicago.  As  the 
terrified  victims  came  floating  toward  the 
shore  line  of  the  L'niversity  campus,  cling- 
ing to  bits  of  the  wreckage,  only  to  be 
tossed  cruelly  back  by  the  breakers,  while 
horrified  friends  who  lined  the  bluff 
shrieked  in  agony,  several  students,  led  by 
Edward  W.  Spencer,  of  the  class  of  1861, 
stepped  out  from  the  crowd,  attached  ropes 
to  their  waists,  and  plunged  into  the  surf,  to 
risk  their  lives  in  an  effort  to  save  drowning 
women  and  children.  Again  and  again 
they  made  their  way  through  the  angry 
waves  and  deposited  in  safety  some  fainting 
victim  of  the  disaster.  It  was  only  when 
their  own  strength  gave  out  completely  that 
they  desisted.  Spencer  was  carried  to  his 
room  in  a  fainting  condition.  He  is  still 
living  (1903)  in  California,  and  it  is  as- 
serted on  apparently  good  authority  that 
his  health,  throughout  his  long  life,  has 
been  seriously  affected  by  his  voluntary  ex- 
posure in  behalf  of  the  victims  of  the  "Lady 
Elgin"  disaster. 

The  wide  interest  excited  by  the  action 
of  the  Northwestern  students  in  connection 
with  the  burning  of  the  "Lady  Elgin"  re- 
sulted in  the  organization,  in  October,  1872, 


152 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


of  a  volunteer  crew  of  five  men  from  the 
Senior  class  of  the  College  of  Liberal  Arts. 
The  members  of  this  crew  have  since  be- 
come well  known  in  high  circles  in  the 
Central  West;  they  were  L.  C.  Collins, 
George  Lunt,  E.  J.  Harrison,  Eltinge  El- 
more, George  Bragdon,  F.  Roys,  and  M.  D. 
Kimball.  Soon  afterward  Dr.  E.  O.  Haven, 
then  President  of  the  University,  received 
from  Commodore  Murray,  then  in  charge  of 
the  United  States  life-saving  service,  a  pres- 
ent of  a  fine  life-boat,  and  Dr.  Haven  com- 
mitted the  boat  to  the  care  of  the  Senior 
class,  from  whose  members  the  crew  were 
selected.  The  boat  was  presented  with  the 
provision  "that  proper  care  will  be  taken  of 
it  and  that  it  will  be  officered  and  manned 
by  students,  who  will  train  themselves  and 
do  their  best,  if  an  emergency  arises,  to 
help  any  craft  that  may  be  in  danger  on  the 
coast  of  the  University."  We  find  no  record 
of  any  immediate  provision  for  housing  the 
boat;  but,  in  1873,  the  students  petitioned 
that  the  life-boat  be  taken  from  the  ex- 
clusive control  of  the  Senioi'  class  and  be 
placed  in  charge  of  a  crew  selected  from  all 
classes,  according  to  their  best  physical  and 
moral  qualifications.  No  action  seems  to 
have  been  taken  during  1874,  but  in  1875 
the  boat  was  placed  in  the  hands  of  such  a 
crew  as  was  called  for  by  the  petition. 

In  December,  1876,  it  was  announced  that 
an  agreement  had  been  reached  with 
the  Federal  Government,  by  the  terms 
of  which  a  life-saving  station  was  to 
be  immediately  erected  by  the  Gov- 
ernment on  the  University  campus,  and 
that  a  crew  of  five  was  to  be  selected 
from  the  student  body,  irrespective  of 
classes,  which  was  to  be  captained  by  an 
experienced  seaman  paid  by  the  Govern- 
ment. 

In  April.  1877,  E.  J..  Bickell,  '"JJ.  was  ap- 
pointed captain  of  the  new  crew,  and  sixty 
other  students  applied  for  the  subordinate 


positions.  They  were  to  receive  $40  per 
month  during  the  season  and  $3  extra  for 
every  wreck  trip.  In  the  followmg  June  the 
college  faculty  nominated  as  members  of 
the  crew  :  Warrington,  '79  ;  Hobart,  '79 ; 
King,  '79;  Piper,  '80;  Shannon,  '81;  and 
M.  J.  Hall  of  the  Preparatory  School,  and 
these  students  were  duly  accepted  by  the 
Government.  For  a  time  the  life-boat  was 
housed  in  a  temporary  structure  on  the 
beach,  but  in  1876  the  Government  erected 
the  eastern  two-thirds  of  the  present  Life- 
Saving  Station  at  a  cost  of  about  six  thou- 
sand dollars.  The  site  selected  was  on 
ground  now  covered  by  Fisk  Hall.  Prior 
to  the  erection  of  the  latter  building,  in  the 
summer  of  1899,  the  station  was  removed  to 
its  present  site  on  land  then  newly  made 
near  the  water's  edge. 

Since  the  formal  organization  of  the 
Evanston  life-saving  crew,  in  1877,  as  a 
regular  part  of  the  government  service,  over 
four  hundred  lives  have  been  saved  by  its 
agency.  The  following  tabular  statement 
is  taken  from  the  records  somewhat  at  ran- 
dom, and  is  typical  of  the  work  of  the  crew 
since  1883.  To  such  rescues  as  these  must 
be  added  scores  of  cases  where  vessels  have 
been  relieved  from  awkward  or  dangerous 
situations,  but  where  it  was  not  found  neces- 
sary to  remove  either  passengers  or  crews. 
Besides  the  aggregate  of  over  four  hundred 
lives  the  local  life-saving  crew  has  saved 
property  amounting  to  millions  in  value : 

Name  and  No.  Brought 

Date.  Class  of  .\shore  in 

Vessel  Surf-boat. 

May     9.  1883.         Schooner,  "Kate  E.  Howard."         8 
Sept.  19,  1886.  Schooner,  "Sodus."  5 

June  19,  1887.         Schooner,  "Sunrise,"  7 

Nov.  24,  1887.  Schooner,  "Halstead,"  10 

Oct.    22,  1889.  Schooner,  "Ironton."  8 

Nov.  28,  1889.  Steamer,     "Calumet,"  18 

May  18,  1894.  Schooner,  "Lincoln    Ball,"  4 

May  26.  1895.  Schooner,  "J.   Emory  Owen."         27 

Nov.  20,  1895.  Steamer,     "Michigan,"  9 

Of  these,  the  rescues  from  the  vessels 
"Calumet,"  "Owen,"  and   "Michigan,"   are 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


'OJ 


the  most  noteworthy.  By  reference  to  the 
dates  it  will  be  seen  that  two  rescues 
were  made  very  late  in  November,  nearly 
a  month  after  the  crews  were  ofif  from  reg- 
ular summer  and  autumn  duty.  In  both 
cases  the  rescues  were  made  in  the  teeth 
of  fierce  gales  and  blinding  snowstorms. 
Both  involved  tremendous  and  heroic  exer- 
tion on  the  part  of  the  crew,  in  order  to  get 
the  surf-boat  launched  at  the  points  opposite 
the  wrecks.  The  "Calumet"  was  stranded 
at  the  very  unusual  distance  of  one  thousand 
yards  from  the  shore.  The  aggregate  value 
of  the  three  vessels,  with  their  cargoes, 
was  over  $252,000.  Not  a  life  was  lost  in 
any  of  the  rescues  enumerated  in  the  fore- 
going table.  Mention  should  also  be  made 
of  the  large  number  of  persons  who  have 
been  rescued  from  capsized  row-boats  and 
of  the  rescued  children  who  have  fallen 
from  the  piers. 

The  present  captain,  Patrick  Murray 
(1904),  was  appointed  July  18,  1903,  after 
having  served  as  surfman  seven  years  at  the 
North  Manitou  Island  station,  two  years  at 
Muskegon  station,  and  five  years  at  Evan- 
ston. 

Captain  Lawrence  O.  Lawson,  who  made 
such  a  worthy  record  for  twenty-three  years 
at  the  head  of  our  station,  was  born  in  Swe- 
den in  1843,  and  began  the  life  of  a  sailor 
at  the  age  of  eighteen.  He  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1861,  and  sailed  on  the  Great  Lakes 
during  the  following  three  years.  He  be- 
came a  citizen  of  Evanston  in  1864,  engaged 
in  fishing  for  a  time,  and  was  appointed  Cap- 
tain of  the  crew  in  1880.  In  addition  to  his 
services  in  aiding  to  save  nearly  five  hun- 
dred lives,  Captain  Lawson  originated  the 
system  of  righting  the  Beebee-jMcCIellan 
surf-boat,  which  has  since  been  adopted  by 
the  Govemrrtent  for  use  by  all  the  crews  of 
the  service.  In  rescuing  the  "Calumet,"  as 
already  described,  Captain  Lawson  and  his 
crew  manifested  such  courage  and  endur- 


ance that  Congress  awarded  to  each  man  a 
gold  medal  for  "saving  life  from  the  perils 
of  the  sea."  The  medal  consists  of  a  gold 
bar  from  which  hangs  a  broad  ribbon  sup- 
porting a  golden  eagle,  sustaining  in  his 
beak  a  heavy  disk  of  gold.  The  medal  com- 
plete weighs  about  four  ounces.  In  a  circle 
on  the  face  of  the  medal  are  the  words 
"United  States  of  America — Act  of  Con- 
gress, June  20th,  1874."  In  high  relief  is  a 
representation  of  a  crew  in  the  act  of  saving 
a  drowning  person.  On  the  obverse,  in  a 
circle,  are  the  words :  "In  memory  of  heroic 
deeds  in  saving  life  from  the  perils  of  the 
sea."  In  relief  is  a  tablet,  surmounted  by 
an  eagle,  with  a  woman's  figure  on  the  left, 
while  on  the  right  are  an  anchor  and  seals. 
Each  medal  is  inscribed  to  its  owner:  "For 
heroic  services  at  the  wreck  of  the  "Calu- 
met,' Nov.  28,  1889."  In  addition  to  Cap- 
tain Lawson,  the  crew  who  thus  honored 
Evanston  in  honoring  themselves  were :  W. 
M.  Ewing,  F.  M.  Kindig,  E.  B.  Fowler,  W. 
L.  Wilson,  G.  E.  Crosby,  and  Jacob  Loin- 
ing,  all  University  students  at  the  time. 

B.\SEBALL. 

Little  seems  to  have  been  done  in  the  way 
of  general  college  athletics  during  the  first 
twenty-five  years  of  Northwestern's  exist- 
ence. In  fact,  systematic  athletics  were  as 
yet  undeveloped  in  this  country.  Lawn  ten- 
nis had  not  been  imported,  track  athletics 
were  in  an  incipient  stage,  and  the  modern 
game  of  football  was  unknown.  The  village 
of  Evanston  was  small,  and  the  college  was 
smaller.  There  was  plenty  of  wood  to  saw, 
and  there  was  now  and  then  a  citizen's  cow 
to  be  pulled  out  of  the  slough  that  existed 
in  all  its  depth  along  the  present  line  of  our 
railways.  In  such  diversions  as  these  did 
the  early  sons  of  Northwestern  engage  for 
the  development  of  their  physical  strength 
and,  incidentally,  the  repletion  of  their  thin 
purses.   With  the  incoming  of  the  'seventies 


154 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


baseball  began  to  be  called  "the  national 
game,"  and  our  boys,  like  all  normal  youths, 
soon  caught  the  fever. 

As  early  as  the  spring  of  187 1,  we  read 
of  inter-class  games,  and  in  June  of  that 
year  a  nine,  of  which  Mr.  James  Raymond 
was  a  member,  placed  on  record  the  first 
publicly  recorded  score,  which  stood  North- 
western 35,  "The  Prairies"  (a  local  Chicago 
nine)  7.  On  the  4th  of  July,  1871,  occurred 
a  memorable  series  of  events,  no  small  part 
of  which  were  athletic  in  character.  This 
was  the  day  when  ten  thousand  people 
gathered  from  all  the  surrounding  country 
in  the  campus  grove ;  when  the  Ellsworth 
Zouaves  paraded  under  General  John  L. 
Beveridge  as  Grand  Marshal;  when  $10,- 
000  was  raised  to  set  the  young  University 
on  its  feet,  and  when  the  corner-stone  of  the 
"Evanston  College  for  Ladies"  (now  Wil- 
lard  Hall)  was  laid.  This  was  an  indepen- 
dent school  until  June,  1873.  Of  the  $10,- 
000  raised  on  this  memorable  day,  $2,500 
was  given  by  Governor  Evans,  whose  name 
our  city  bears  ;  several  thousands  were  given 
by  other  friends  of  higher  education,  and  no 
small  sum  was  raised,  as  the  college  paper 
says,  "by  sales  and  exhibitions."  These  ex- 
hibitions seem  to  have  consisted  of  what 
would  now  be  called,  in  the  parlance  of 
track  athletics,  various  "events,"  such  as 
jumps,  ball-throwing,  tub-races,  boat-races 
on  the  lake,  etc.,  etc.  So  we  may  say  with 
much  of  accuracy  that  Northwestern's  for- 
mal athletics  began  with  a  field  day.  Some 
features  of  this  first  field  day  are  worth 
chronicling  in  detail.    Here  they  are: 

"Baseball  match  between  Ladies'  College 
nine  and  Northwestern  L^niversity ;  prize  a 
silver  ball ;  score,  57  to  4  in  favor  of  North- 
western." (What  an  ominous  beginning 
for  co-education !) 

"Regatta — Yachts,  six-oared  barges,  and 
sculls ;    prize   an   ice-set   and   three   flags." 


"Exhibition  drill  by  the  Ellsworth 
Zouaves." 

"Baseball  match  with  the  'Atlantics'  of 
Chicago." 

During  the  spring  and  fall  of  1871  the 
University  nine  played  ten  games  with  non- 
college  nines,  including  the  afterward  fa- 
mous White  Stockings  of  Chicago,  whom 
the  college  boys  beat  by  a  score  of  18  to  12, 
and  two  with  Racine  College,  in  which 
each  side  scored  but  once.  The  highest 
recorded  score  of  the  season  was  68 — a  fact 
that  speaks  volumes  as  to  the  crudeness  of 
the  game  and  the  players  of  those  early 
days.  Of  the  twelve  games,  our  team  won 
ten. 

During  the  next  decade,  and  longer,  the 
four  colleges  of  what  was  then  literally  the 
Northwest  were  Northwestern  University, 
Chicago  University  (the  old  institution,  dis- 
continued in  1885),  Racine  College,  and, 
later.  Lake  Forest  University.  The  great 
State  Universities  that  have  since  so  largely 
dominated  Western  college  athletics,  were 
then  either  unborn  or  still  in  their  infancy, 
and  the  custom  of  making  long  trips  for  in- 
tercollegiate games  had  not  become  estab- 
lished. We  find  no  records  for  1872  and 
1873,  but  during  1874  a  team,  which  in- 
cluded John  Hamline  as  short-stop  and 
Charles  Wheeler  as  center-fielder,  played 
nine  intercollegiate  games.  In  the  "final"  for 
"the  championship  of  the  Northwest,"  Ra- 
cine won  by  a  few  points.  As  compared 
with  "our  ancient  enemy,"  Chicago,  the 
total  score  for  the  season  was  Northwestern 
University  42,  Chicago  L'niversity,  34. 

From  1875  to  the  present  day  the  baseball 
records  of  Northwestern  are  chequered  but 
not  discreditable.  In  1875  we  won  the  silver 
ball  and  "the  championship  for  the  North- 
west," with  Charles  Wheeler  as  left-fielder. 
W.  G.  Evans,  'jy,  son  of  Governor  Evans, 
and  George  Lunt,  '72,  were  the  leaders  in 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


155 


the  University  athletics  of  the  early  seven- 
ties. In  1876.  at  Waukegan,  was  formed 
the  first  intercollegiate  baseball  association 
in  this  section,  and  the  games  of  the  season 
transferred  the  silver  ball  and  the  champion- 
ship to  Chicago.  During  this  year  batting 
records  of  the  college  nines  began  to  be 
published.  By  the  terms  of  the  constitution 
of  this  intercollegiate  association,  each  col- 
lege was  to  play  two  games  with  each  of  the 
other  three  institutions.  In  1877  Chicago 
again  won  the  championship.  During  1878 
the  colors  white  and  brown  were  adopted 
by  the  Northwestern  players,  and  a  regular 
baseball  diamond  was  laid  out,  "resodded, 
and  rolled,"  on  the  site  where  the  Orrington 
Lunt  Library  building  now  stands.  It  was 
during  this  year  that  the  first  efforts  were 
made  to  check  the  already  growing  tendency 
toward  professionalism.  Before  this  year 
the  custom  seems  to  have  been  to  use,  as 
players  on  any  college  team,  the  best  men 
obtainable,  without  much  scrutiny  as  to  their 
actual  relation  to  the  scholastic  curriculum 
of  the  college.  But  in  the  constitution  of 
the  "Intercollegiate  Baseball  Association" 
that  was  in  force  during  1878,  I  find  the  fol- 
lowing article: 

"The  captains  of  the  respective  nines  must 
file  with  the  secretary  of  the  Association,  be- 
fore April  20th,  the  names  of  their  respec- 
tive nines  and  of  the  substitutes,  together 
with  a  certificate  from  the  secretary  of  the 
Faculty  showing  that  the  players  have  been 
in  daily  attendance  at  their  respective  insti- 
tutions for  twenty  days  previous  to  the  first 
announced  league  game." 

It  will  be  seen  that,  while  this  action  did 
not  prevent  a  student  from  entering  college 
for  a  course  in  baseball,  it  was  the  first  step 
toward  pure  college  athletics  in  the  Central 
West. 

During  1878  the  silver  ball  went  to  Ra- 
cine College. 


In  1879  our  team  defeated  Racine  once 
and  Chicago  twice.  In  1880  the  games  of 
the  Association  resulted  in  a  tie  between 
Racine  and  Northwestern  ;  and,  as  Racine 
refused  to  play  off  the  tie,  thus  retaining 
possession  of  the  silver  ball  trophy.  North- 
western withdrew  from  the  association. 

Because  of  the  disruption  of  the  old 
league  there  seems  to  have  been  no  inter- 
collegiate baseball  here  during  1881,  but 
in  December  of  that  year  delegates  from 
Racine  College,  the  University  of  Wiscon- 
sin, the  University  of  Michigan,  Chicago 
University  and  Northwestern  met  in  Chi- 
cago and  formed  a  new  league.  The  limits 
of  our  space  forbid  a  detailed  account  of  the 
baseball  games  from  1881  to  1903.  Over 
our  defeats  it  is  fair  to  draw  the  mantle  of 
oblivion  ;  over  our  victories  we  have  a  right 
to  rejoice.  In  1883,  when  the  University 
of  Michigan  had  withdrawn  from  the  base 
ball  league,  and  when  Beloit  College  had 
been  admitted  instead.  Northwestern  won 
the  championship  of  the  league  without  los- 
ing a  single  game.  The  team  for  that  year 
consisted  of  Plummer,  Huxford,  Rollins, 
Stewart,  Bannister,  Polley,  Tillinghast,  Dill- 
man  and  Tomlinson. 

Again  in  1889  we  won  the  championship 
of  the  Northwest  and  a  pennant,  with  a 
team  consisting  of  T.  C.  Moulding,  J.  A. 
Rogers,  A.  P.  Haagenson,  M.  P.  Noyes,  F. 
C.  Chapin,  A.  B.  Fleager,  C.  C.  Johnson, 
L,  H.  Stewart,  and  H.  H.  Jones ;  and  in 
1 89 1  the  championship  was  again  awarded 
to  Northwestern.  In  1892  we  won  the 
championship  in  the  smaller  league  (the  old 
league),  and  secured  the  second  place  in 
a  new  league,  including  the  great  State  uni- 
versities of  the  Middle  West.  In  1894  our 
team  defeated  Chicago  in  three  excellent 
games,  one  of  12  and  one  of  10  innings,  the 
scores  being,  respectively,  3-2,  8-1,  and  6-4 
in  our  favor.     During  this  season  we  also 


156 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


defeated  Wisconsin  9  to  8,  Oberlin  11  to  6, 
Wisconsin  again  4  to  i,  and  Minnesota 
6  to  2. 

So  the  season  of  1894  is  tlie  banner  year 
of  our  baseball  history  ;  for,  by  winning  nine 
games  in  succession,  we  were  fairly  en- 
titled to  the  intercollegiate  baseball  cham- 
pionship of  the  Central  West.  The  men  who 
thus  shed  undying  glory  on  Alma  Mater 
were:  John  H.  Kedzie  (Captain),  Frank 
Grift^th,  C.  N.  Jenks,  J.  K.  Bass,  C.  D.  Mc- 
Williams,  Otis  Maclay,  W.  D.  Barnes,  T.  H. 
Lewis,  W.  A.  Cooling,  C.  D.  Reimers,  A.  E. 
Price  and  C.  L.  Leesley.  The  loss  of  several 
of  these  star  players  by  graduation  left  the 
team  of  1895  unable  to  win  many  victories, 
and  the  team  of  1896  was  not  much  more 
successful.  In  '97  the  fates  were  kinder  to 
us,  and  we  defeated  Nebraska,  Beloit,  Ohio 
State,  and  Wisconsin,  by  good  scores ;  '98 
was  another  off  year  in  Northwestern  base- 
ball ;  in  '99  we  defeated  Chicago  once  and 
Wisconsin  once ;  in  1900  we  defeated  Chi- 
cago once  and  Oberlin  once;  in  1901  Illi- 
nois was  our  only  victim  among  "the  big 
nine" ;  in  1902  we  defeated  Chicago  twice, 
Nebraska  once,  and  Beloit  once.  The  sea- 
sons of  1903  and  1904  have  not  been  suc- 
cessful. 

THE  OLD  GYMNASIUM. 

The  movement  for  the  erection  of  a  gym- 
nasium was  begun  by  under-graduates.  In 
October,  1875,  two  young  men,  since  prom- 
inent in  Evanston  and  Denver,  Messrs. 
Frank  M.  Elliot  and  W.  G.  Evans,  issued 
a  circular  setting  forth  the  project  of  build- 
ing a  gymnasium  and  soliciting  aid  from 
the  friends  and  graduates  of  the  institution. 
They  soon  perfected  an  organization,  under 
the  laws  of  the  State,  with  F.  M.  Elliot,  W. 
G.  Evans,  F.  M.  Bristol,  F.  M.  Taylor,  A. 
W.  McPherson,  and  J.  A.  J-  Whipple  as 
commissioners.  These  under-graduates  pro- 
ceeded to  issue  $4,000  worth  of  stock  in 
shares  of  $10  each,  whose  duration  was  for 


ninety-nine  years.  It  must  be  remembered 
that  the  University  was  then  still  in  its 
early  infancy  and  that  the  students  were 
few  in  number  and  poor  in  purse.  But  their 
faith  in  themselves  and  in  the  future  was 
sublime.  Fourteen  hundred  dollars  was 
soon  raised  by  sales  to  one  hundred  and 
twenty-nine  subscribers,  nearly  every  one 
being  an  under-graduate.  Work  was  begun 
in  December,  1875,  and  by  the  1st  of  Febru- 
ary the  building,  40x80,  resting  on  a  brick 
foundation,  was  erected,  enclosed,  and  par- 
tially equipped,  at  a  total  cost  of  $1,900.  It 
was  not  found  possible,  at  that  time,  to 
complete  the  exterior  of  the  building  by 
casing  the  walls  with  brick,  according  to  the 
original  plan.  A  bowling  alley  was  built 
in  the  basement  by  the  Sigma  Chi  fraternity, 
and  the  "gym"  was  very  popular  with  the 
under-graduates  until  1878,  when  it  began 
to  lose  its  attractions.  To  quote  one  of  the 
original  commissioners :  The  new  generation 
of  students  did  not  or  could  not  raise  money 
to  veneer  the  building  in  order  to  protect 
it  and  to  repair  the  worn-out  apparatus. 
It  was  necessary  to  do  something  before  all 
should  be  lost  or  ruined.  It  was  finally 
decided  to  have  the  University  take  the 
property  and  maintain  it  as  a  "gymnasium." 
Through  the  indefatigable  efforts  of  Mr. 
George  Lunt,  of  the  class  of  ''/2.  a  major- 
ity of  the  stock  was  finally  secured,  and  was 
transferred  to  the  Trustees,  on  condition 
that  they  should  complete  the  building,  fur- 
nish it  with  necessary  apparatus,  assume  all 
liabilities  of  the  association,  and  maintain 
the  building  and  the  apparatus  in  good  re- 
pair for  gymnasium  purposes  only.  The 
transfer  was  completed  in  the  spring  of 
1881,  and  one  of  the  first  acts  of  Dr.  Joseph 
Cummings,  then  recently  elected  President 
of  the  University,  was  to  induce  the  Trus- 
tees to  veneer  the  building.  The  interior 
was  cased  with  lumber  by  the  students  and 
members  of  the  Faculty,  including  the  ven- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


157 


erable  President,  the  trustees  furnishing 
only  the  lumber  and  the  nails.  New  appar- 
atus was  put  in,  and  the  rejuvenated  "gym" 
was  opened  with  a  public  entertainment  on 
February  20,  1883. 

The  feelings  of  the  under-graduates  were 
expressed  thus  by  Mr.  J\I.  M.  Gridley, 
editor-in-chief  of  the  college  journal  in 
1882-83 :  "Once  more  the  gymnasium  is  a 
topic  of  great  interest.  It  is  not  now,  as 
it  was  last  year,  a  source  of  grumbling  and 
discontent.  Instead  of  a  broken-down, 
weather-beaten  old  building,  an  eye-sore  to 
the  campus,  it  is  a  fine-looking  brick  struc- 
ture, a  thing  of  beauty  and  a  joy  forever. 

.  .  .  .  We  now  have  one  of  the  fin- 
est and  most  complete  gymnasiums  in  the 
West."  (Sic.)  As  an  assurance  of  better 
things  in  the  college  athletics,  the  Trustees 
at  this  time  engaged  a  regular  instructor 
in  physical  culture,  Mr.  C.  A.  Duplessis, 
who  held  the  position  until  October,  1883, 
when  he  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Philip 
Greiner.  Mr.  Greiner  continued  to  act  as 
physical  instructor  until  June,  1894.  w^hen 
he  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  W.  L.  Bryan.  At 
the  opening  of  the  college  year  1898,  the 
gymnasium  and  the  physical  work  passed 
into  the  hands  of  Dr.  C.  M.  HoUister,  who 
held  the  place  until  December,  1902.  The 
present  physical  director  (1903)  is  Mr. 
Horace  Butterworth,  who  has  made  an  en- 
viable reputation  in  such  work  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago. 

THE  TUG-OF-W.^R  TE.\MS. 

During  the  later  'eighties  and  the  earlv 
'nineties  the  athletes  of  Northwestern  ob- 
tained wide  fame  in  a  test  of  muscle  not 
ordinarily  given  much  emphasis  in  college 
athletics.  We  refer  to  our  memorable  tug- 
of-war  team,  of  which  the  instructor  was 
the  organizer  and  a  prominent  member.  We 
find  the  first  notice  of  the  team  in  1886. 
In  1887  they  won  a  medal  in  a  contest  with 


a  team  from  the  Casino  Gymnasium,  then 
recently  established  in  Chicago,  and  later  ■ 
in  the  same  year  they  won  "the  champion- 
ship" and  a  silver  cup  by  defeating  a  team 
from  the  Illinois  National  Guards.  This 
original  tug-of-war  team  consisted  of  Philip 
Greiner,  H.  Caddock,  C.  T.  Watrous,  W.  W. 
Wilkinson,  and  C.  Greenman. 

During  1888,  when  E.  B.  Fowler,  H.  R. 
Hayes,  J.  B.  Loining,  J.  G.  Hensel,  A.  H. 
Phelps,  and  J.  T.  Hottendorf  had  been 
added  to  the  team,  Messrs.  Wilkinson  and 
Greenman  having  dropped  out,  they  de- 
feated a  Pullman  team,  the  Casino  Gymna- 
sium team  of  Chicago,  the  Chicago  Amateur 
Athletic  Club  team,  and  the  Illinois  National 
Guard  team;  and  in  April  of  that  year,  in 
a  contest  with  three  teams  at  the  Casino 
Gymnasium,  they  proved  themselves  cham- 
pions and  won  five  gold  medals.  During 
1889  they  continued  their  victories  over  all 
local  teams,  winning  various  prizes  and  se- 
curing possession  of  the  Meriden  cup.  It 
was  this  team  that  really  began  the  practice 
of  inter-department  contests  at  North- 
western ;  for  we  read  that,  on  University 
Day,  in  January,  1890,  the  tug-of-war  team 
defeated  teams  from  our  Medical  and 
Dental  Schools,  respectively.  During  the 
spring  of  1890  they  defeated  several  local 
teams,  and  won  the  championship  of  the 
West,  securing  permanent  possession  of  the 
Hub  cup.  After  several  local  victories  earlv 
in  1 89 1,  the  team  made  an  Eastern  trip,  with 
the  intention  of  meeting  teams  from  the 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology, 
Harvard,  Columbia,  and  other  Eastern  Uni- 
versities. Only  one  of  these  proposed  con- 
tests was  ever  held.  After  beating  the 
Technology  team  in  three  trial  contests,  our 
team,  in  the  final  contest,  lost  the  "drop"  by 
five  inches,  and  were  defeated  by  two  and 
one-half  inches.  But  their  display  of  skill 
and  brawn  was  such  that  the  teams  from 
the  other  great  institutions  of  the  East  found 


158 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


it  wise  to  excuse  themselves  from  pulling, 
on  the  ground  of  illness,  etc.  This  was  not 
the  last  time  that  an  Eastern  team  has  de- 
clined to  match  conclusions  with  one  from 
the  West. 

THE   MOVEMENT  AGAINST   PROFESSIONALISM. 

We  have  spoken  of  the  beginning  of  the 
movement  against  professionalism  in  West- 
ern college  athletics.  In  this  movement  the 
representatives  of  Northwestern  University 
have  had  a  prominent  and  very  creditable 
part.  In  1883  the  Western  Baseball  Asso- 
ciation, then  made  up  of  Racine,  Wisconsin, 
Chicago,  Northwestern,  and  Beloit,  enacted 
further  rules  forbidding  a  student  player  to 
play  on  a  professional  team  during  the  col- 
lege season  or  to  take  pay  for  playing  any- 
where during  such  a  season,  requiring  a 
previous  residence  in  college  of  at  least 
two  terms,  and  making  ineligible  any  man 
"whose  college  expenses  are  in  any  way 
borne  bv  men  connected  with  baseball  in- 
terests." The  new  association  of  1891  ad- 
vanced the  good  work  by  enacting  that  a 
candidate  for  a  college  team  position  must 
be  carrying  at  least  five  hours  of  work  in 
class  per  week,  must  not  receive  in  any 
way  compensation  for  playing  on  the  college 
team  or  on  any  other  team,  must  be  regis- 
tered at  least  two  months  before  the  first 
scheduled  intercollegiate  game,  must  not 
play  on  a  college  team  for  more  than  an 
aggregate  of  five  years,  must  be  prepared  to 
make  affidavit,  on  demand,  as  to  his  eligi- 
bility, and  must  present  a  certificate  of  eligi- 
bility signed  by  three  members  of  his  Fac- 
ulty. In  March,  1892,  a  local  association 
was  formed,  in  which  the  four  branches 
of  athletics  now  generally  recognized  as 
such — namely:  baseball,  football,  track  ath- 
letics, and  tennis — were  each  represented  on 
a  joint  committee  consisting  of  two  men 
representing  each  branch,  two  alumni,  and  a 
secretary,  chosen  by  this   joint  committee. 


This  committee  was  to  audit  the  accounts 
of  the  four  branches,  to  have  general  over- 
sight of  the  athletic  grounds,  to  ratify  the 
elections  of  all  captains,  and  to  have  power 
to  demand  resignations  and  to  order  new 
elections  in  case  of  incompetency  or  mal- 
feasance in  office.  The  prime  object  of 
this  arrangement  seems  to  have  been  to 
eliminate  from  our  athletics  the  sometimes 
harmful  influence  of  fraternity  preferences 
in  selecting  men  and  officers  for  the  various 
teams. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  college  year 
1892-93,  our  Faculty  appointed  a  committee 
on  athletics  consisting  of  Professors  Coe 
(chairman),  Hatfield,  and  Gray.  No  for- 
mal rules  were  at  first  laid  down,  but  the 
Annua!  of  that  year  informs  the  students 
that  they  must  not  hereafter  play  with  pro- 
fessional teams ;  that  members  of  all  our 
local  teams  must  be  students  in  full  and 
regular  standing ;  that  all  schedules  of 
games  must  be  submitted  to  the  committee 
for  approval,  and  that,  before  joining  a 
team,  men  will  be  subjected  to  a  physical 
examination.  During  the  year  1893-94  Pro- 
fessor Coe  remained  as  chairman,  supported 
by  Professors  Sheppard  and  Gray,  and  addi- 
tional restrictions  were  announced,  forbid- 
ding a  student  to  play  on  any  other  team 
while  a  member  of  a  university  team  and 
requiring  the  selection  of  players  to  be  sub- 
mitted to  the  committee  for  approval.  In 
these  davs  of  comparatively  pure  college 
athletics,  the  restrictions  already  named 
seem  mild  indeed.  But  they  were  regarded 
by  the  under-graduates  in  1892-94  as  severe. 
That  first  faculty  committee  made  a  brave 
fight.  Their  greatest  victory  was  in  dem- 
onstrating to  the  student  body  that  ath- 
letics was  a  subject  legitimately  within 
the  control  of  the  faculty.  After  undergo- 
ing a  vast  amount  of  abuse  and  obloquy. 
Professor  Coe  settled  that  question  conclu- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


159 


sively,  and  his  efforts  and  sufferings  in  a 
good  cause  should  not  be  forgotten. 

With  the  beginning  of  the  college  year  of 
1894-95  tlie  Trustees  took  athletics  from  the 
direct  control  of  the  Faculty  and  placed  it 
in  the  hands  of  a  "Committee  for  the  Regu- 
lation   of    Athletic    Sports,"    consisting    of 
three   professors,   three   alumni,   and   three 
under-graduates.      At   that   time   and   ever 
since,  the  Faculty  and  alumni  members  of 
the  committee  have  been  appointed  by  the 
Trustees  and   the  student  members  by  the 
general  student  body.     During  1894-95  the 
Facultx-  members  were  Professors  Holgate 
(Chairman),    Sheppard,    and    Gray.      This 
committee  continued  the  good  work  already 
begun,    and    dropped    summarily    from    a 
team  one  of  the  worst  offenders  of  the  early 
days.    Although  hampered  by  a  deadlock  in 
the  committee  lasting  nearly  all   the  year, 
they  stood  for  higher  ideals  in  college  sport. 
The    restrictions    on    the    various    teams 
during  1894-95  seem  to  have  been  substan- 
tially  those   in    force   during   the   previous 
year.    But  the  call  for  more  stringent  meas- 
ures was  everywhere  heard;    and  so,  early 
in  January,   1895.  a  meeting  of  the  presi- 
dents   of    the    universities    then    familiarly 
known  as  "the  big  seven"  was  held  in  Chi- 
cago.    The  fruit  of  this  presidents'  confer- 
ence was  "The  Presidents'  Rules,"  the  first 
general   enactment   for   the  government  of 
college  athletics  in  the  Central  West.     In 
brief,  these  rules  required  that  a  student,  to 
be  eligible  for  a  team  in  any  of  the  universi- 
ties concerned,  must  be  a  bona  fide  student, 
must  have  been  in  residence  in  his  college 
at  least  si.x  months,  must  receive  no  pay  for 
his  athletic  services,  must  not  play  under  an 
assumed  name,  and  must  not  be  delinquent 
in  his  studies.     It  was  further  provided  that 
a  graduate  student  might  play  during  the 
minimum  number  of  years  necessary  to  se- 
cure a  degree  in  his  graduate  school   (thus 
allowing  a  medical  student,  for  example,  to 


play  altogether  seven  years  on  a  college 
team)  ;  that  college  games  might  be  played 
only  on  grounds  controlled  by  one  or  the 
other  team  participating ;  that  the  selection 
of  managers  and  captains  must  be  submitted 
for  approval  to  the  governing  boards ;  that 
no  college  teams  should  play  with  profes- 
sional teams;  and  that  the  respective  reg- 
istrars should  certify  to  the  proper  selection 
of  the  various  teams.  These  rules  were  pub- 
lished in  our  Annual  of  1894-95,  and  were 
promptly  put  into  effect  here. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  college  year  1895- 
96,   the   Trustees    formed   an   entirely   new 
committee,  of  which  the  Faculty  members 
were  Professors  Clark  (  Chairman  ),  Young, 
and  White,  while  Messrs.  Fred  Raymond! 
Frank  Dyche,  and  Charles  Wheeler  were  the 
alumni   members.      With   the  exception   of 
Mr.   Wheeler,   who   resigned   in    1898,   this 
committee  remained  unchanged  as  to  Fac- 
ulty and  alumni  during  the  succeeding  four 
years.     It  was  during  these  years  that  the 
Conference  Rules  were  gradually  developed 
into  substantially  their  present  form.     The 
chairmen  of  the  boards  of  control   in  the 
"big  seven"  universities,  who  endeavored  to 
enforce  "The  Presidents'  Rules"  soon  found 
that  Ihey  must  be  amended  if  the  desired 
ends  were  to  be  attained.     Consequently  a 
conference  of  chairmen  was  called  at  Chi- 
cago  early   in   the   winter  of    1896,   and   a 
mutual    interpretation    of    the    rules    was 
agreed  upon,  while  the  term  "professional" 
was  more  clearly  defined. 

At  every  one  of  the  successive  confer- 
ences the  lines  were  drawn  more  sharply 
and  the  restrictions  made  more  severe.  In 
November,  1896,  we  lengthened  the  required 
probation  of  a  player  in  residence  from  six 
months  to  one  year ;  we  reduced  the  possi- 
ble time-limit  for  a  graduate-student  plaver 
from  three  or  four  to  two  years;  we 
restricted  all  games  to  contests  between 
"educational  institutions";   and  where  a  stu- 


i6o 


NORTHWESTERN    UNIVERSITY 


dent  had  not  been  in  residence  over  half  of 
the  \ear  preceding  his  proposed  admission 
to  the  under-graduate  team,  we  required 
him  to  be  on  probation  still  six  months 
longer.  In  the  conference  of  1897  we  re- 
duced the  combined  graduate  and  under- 
graduate limit  to  four  years  of  playing  on 
a  'varsity  team;  we  enacted  that,  after 
September  i,  1898,  all  preparatory  students 
should  be  barred  from  playing  on  a  'varsity 
team,  and  we  ordered  that,  thereafter,  there 
must  be  an  exchange  of  lists  of  proposed 
players  at  least  ten  days  before  any  inter- 
collegiate game.  In  the  conference  of  1898 
we  defined  professionalism  still  more  closely, 
adopting  the  now  famous  clause  requiring 
the  candidate  to  make  affidavit  that  he  has 
"never  used  his  athletic  skill  for  gain."  We 
also  shut  out  from  the  teams  all  persons  who 
were  receiving  from  any  of  the  universi- 
ties concerned  any  remuneration  for  their 
services  as  teachers.  A  few  minor  changes 
in  the  conference  rules  have  been  made  since 
1898.  By  the  gradual  enactment  and  honest 
enforcement  of  these  rides  the  universities 
of  the  Central  West  have  secured  a  degree 
of  purity  in  their  athletics  of  which  they 
may  well  be  proud. 

FOOTB.\LL. 

During  the  autumn  of  1878  the  old-fash- 
ioned Rugby  game  of  football  began  to  be 
played  on  the  campus  in  a  general  way,  and 
the  college  colors  were  changed  to  purple 
and  gold.  In  February,  1880,  the  first  local 
football  association  was  formed,  the  Rugby 
rules  were  published  in  the  college  paper, 
and  regular  team  practice  was,  begun. 

Little  seems  to  have  been  done  in  this 
game  during  1881,  but  in  November,  1882, 
we  find  that  Northwestern  defeated  Lake 
Forest  in  what  was  later  to  become  the  most 
intense  of  college  sports.  During  '83,  '84, 
'85,  and  '86  the  records  hardly  mention  foot- 
ball.   In  November,  1887,  a  challenge  for  a 


Thanksgiving  game  with  Michigan  Univer- 
sity was  declined  on  the  ground  that  our 
team  was  not  in  training.    There  was  a  team 
during  1889,  but  we  find  no  mention  of  any 
intercollegiate  games.     The   first   recorded 
game  with  an  institution  of  similar  rank  was 
in  November,  1890,  when  Northwestern  de- 
feated Wisconsin  by  a  score  of  22  to  10.    A 
little  later  we  beat  Beloit  22  to  6.     In  the 
autumn    of    1891    a    Football    League    was 
formed   with   Wisconsin,  Beloit,  and  Lake 
Forest,  and  five  intercollegiate  games  were 
played,  our  men  winning  two  and  tying  one. 
In  1892  Northwestern  first  took  a  prom- 
inent place  in  football,  defeating  Michigan 
by  a  score  of  10  to  8,  Beloit  by  a  score  of 
36  to  o,  Wisconsin  by  a  score  of  26  to  6, 
tying  both  Chicago  and  Illinois,  and  thus 
winning  second  place  in  the  big  Western 
League.  This  first  great  team  was  captained 
and  trained  by  Paul   Noyes,  and  included 
\'anDoozer,  Oates,  Culver,  Sheppard,  Ken- 
nicott,  Wilson,  Pearce,  AlcCluskey,  Oberne, 
Griffith,  and  Williams.    The  games  of  1893 
and  1894  did  not  redound  to  our  glory.     In 
1895   the  team   was   strengthened  by   such 
men  as  Potter,  Gloss,  and  Siberts,  and  de- 
feated Beloit  34  to  6;   Armour  Institute  44 
to  o;    Chicago  22  to  6  (in  the  return  game 
Chicago  won,  6  to  o)  ;  Purdue,  24  to  6 ;  and 
Illinois  43  to  8.     The  year   1896  was  the 
banner  year  in  football  for  Northwestern, 
up  to  the  present.     The  team  consisted  of 
the  famous  veteran  half-backs.  Potter  and 
VanDoozer,     aided    by     such     helpers     as 
Hunter.    Pearce.    Levings,    Perry,    Sloane, 
Andrews,  Thorne,  Gloss,  and  Brown.  These 
were  the  famous  "cripples,"  so  happily  car- 
icatured  in  the   Chicago  Record,  who  de- 
feated  Chicago  on   Marshall   Field  by  the 
score  of  46  to  6 ;    who  tied  Chicago  in  the 
return  game,  with  a  score  of  6  to  6 ;    who 
went  down  to  Champaign  with  a  crowd  of 
three   hundred   roaring   student   supporters 
in  a  special  train,  and  gave  to  the  lUini  their 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


i6i 


first  defeat  in  football  on  their  home 
grounds  to  the  tune  of  6  to  4;  and  who,  in 
that  famous  Thanksgiving  game  on  our 
home  grounds,  before  a  crowd  of  four 
thousand  people,  played  Wisconsin  to  a 
standstill.  The  score  was  6  to  6;  but  the 
conditions  and  circumstances  were  such 
that  unbiased  observers  generally  counted 
it  a  victory  for  Northwestern.  The  team 
was  managed  during  1896  by  Mr.  Frank 
Haller,  and  much  was  done  in  the  way  of 
providing  a  training-table  and  a  coach  that 
had  not  been  so  thoroughly  done  before. 
After  paying  all  expenses  of  the  season,  we 
were  able  to  settle  a  bill  of  $1,000  which  had 
been  hanging  over  the  local  athletic  asso- 
ciation ever  since  the  grand  stand  was  built 
and  partially  paid  for  in  1891-92. 

The  season  of  1897  was  not  a  successful 
one,  although  the  remarkable  kick  from  the 
middle  of  our  field  by  O'Dea  of  Wisconsin 
must  be  mentioned  as  one  of  the  most  sen- 
sational features  in  the  history  of  Western 
football.  During  the  season  of  1898  partic- 
ular eft'ort  was  made  in  the  way  of  hiring  a 
high-priced  coach  from  the  East  and  a  pro- 
fessional trainer,  providing  a  large  training 
table,  etc.  But  our  unwise  plan  of  changing 
coaches  and  methods  every  year  could  have 
but  one  result,  and  that  was  defeat.  With 
the  coming  of  Dr.  C.  M.  Hollister,  in  Sep- 
tember, 1898,  to  act  as  general  manager  and 
coach  for  all  branches  of  our  college  ath- 
letics except  tennis,  a  great  advance  was 
made  in  every  way.  It  now  became  possible 
to  gain  in  momentum  every  year  by  con- 
tinuing the  same  style  of  play  and  by  taking 
advantage  of  the  specific  training  given  to 
particular  men  on  the  team  of  a  preceding 
year.  Although  we  were  far  from  regain- 
ing the  glories  of  1896,  we  made  some  im- 
provement during  1898,  and  in  1899  we  de- 
feated Minnesota  11  to  5,  Indiana  11  to  6, 
and  Purdue  29  to  o.  In  1900  we  defeated 
Chicago  5  to  o,  Indiana  12  to  o,  tied  Beloit 


6  to  6,  tied  Iowa  6  to  6,  and  secured  third 
place  in  the  "big  nine"  group  of  Western 
universities.  The  game  with  Iowa,  which 
was  played  at  Rock  Island  on  Thanksgiving 
Day,  was  one  of  the  great  surprises  of  that 
year,  for  the  Iowa  giants  had  defeated  near- 
ly all  comers  so  far  during  that  season,  and 
had  widely  advertised  their  intention  to  "do 
up"  Northwestern.  In  1901  our  team  de- 
feated Illinois  17  to  II,  Chicago  6  to  5,  and 
Purdue  10  to  5.  With  the  graduation  of 
the  class  of  1902  we  lost  five  great  players : 
Johnson,  the  Dietz  brothers,  Elliott,  and 
Hansen.  The  team  of  the  following  season 
was  therefore  composed  largely  of  new, 
untrained  material,  and  the  results  were 
what  was  to  be  expected  under  the  circum- 
stances. 

An  interesting  social  feature  connected 
with  football  at  Northwestern  has  been  the 
football  "banquets"  that  have  been  held 
for  several  years  in  the  old  chapel  room  of 
"Old  College"'  during  the  week  after  the 
close  of  the  season.  To  Dr.  R.  L.  Sheppard, 
who  has  annually  paid  the  bill  for  "feeding" 
the  members  of  the  team  and  the  "scrubs" 
at  these  banquets,  thankful  recognition  is 
here  due. 

THE    ATHLETIC    FIELD   AND    GRAND    STAND. 

It  was  not  until  1892  that  the  field  sports 
of  Northwestern  could  be  said  to  have  a 
home.  Prior  to  1891  the  teams  had  played, 
as  before  stated,  where  the  Orrington  Lunt 
Library  now  stands,  and  the  spectators  had 
been  compelled  to  use  the  turf  for  grand 
stand  and  "bleachers."  In  September,  1891, 
the  Trustees  formally  set  apart  the  present 
field  for  athletic  purposes,  and  at  the  same 
time  Mr.  George  Muir,  Evanston's  long- 
time genial  bookseller,  whose  Davis  Street 
store,  where  Smith's  studio  is  now,  was  for 
decades  the  downtown  headquarters  for  stu- 
dents, started  an  energetic  movement  to 
raise  money  for  a  grand  stand.     In  this  ef- 


i62  NORTHWESTERN  UNIVERSITY 

fort   Mr.    J^Iuir   was   ably   assisted  by    Mr.  paid  for  out  of  the  treasury  of  the  athletic 

Louis  S.  Rice,  of  the  class  of  '83.     These  association. 

two  men  worked  indefatigably  and  most  track  athletics  and  tennis. 
unselfishly,  soliciting  aid  from  every  alum-  ^^^  j^^^^  already  spoken  of  the  field 
nus  whom  they  could  reach,  and  withui  a  gp^^ts  connected  with  the  great  celebration 
few  months  they  succeeded  in  raising  about  ^^^^  -^^  ^-^^  campus  grove  on  the  4th  of  July, 
$1,500  from  citizens,  alumni,  and  under-  ^g^^^  Some  of  the  records  made  then  are 
graduates.  Strong  in  faith  in  the  loyalty  of  interesting  by  way  of  comparison  with  more 
future  students,  these  two  gentlemen  went  ^^^^^^  records.  We  learn  that  T.  C.  War- 
ahead  with  the  building,  and  completed  the  ^.-^^^^^^  kicked  the  football  147  feet  6 
present  structure  at  a  cost  of  about  $2,500.  [^^y^^^  and  threw  the  baseball  304  feet  10 
The  grand  stand  was  opened  with  appro-  j^j-j^gg .  that  Frank  Andrews  won  the  hurdle 
priate  ceremonies  on  the  15th  of  October,  ^^^^  ^^^o  yards  and  five  hurdles)  in  18 
1892.  Meantime  the  Trustees  had  done  seconds;  and  that  George  Lunt  won  the 
some  work  in  grading  and  partially  draining  ^^^^  ^^^,j^_  making  6  feet  7  inches.  The 
the  baseball  field.  But  we  were  still  without  ^^.^j.  fQ^^ial  University  field  day  was  held  in 
an  enclosing  fence,  so  that  there  were  no  jg^^_  ^^^^  ^j^jg  observance  has  been  a  part 
certain  means  of  collecting  revenue  by  ^^  ^^^^  college  athletic  life  pretty  regularly 
charging  an  admission  to  the  games.  But  ^^,^^  since.  The  most  noteworthy  records 
in  the  autumn  of  1893  Dr.  Sheppard— al-  ^^^^^  ^^^^^^^  q,^  the  home  field  by  North- 
ways  the  most  generous  local  supporter  of  ^^^ggtej-n  students  are  as  follows: 

our  athletics,   and  the  man  for  whom  the     100  yard  dash,  10  seconds a.   r.   Jones,   '09 

students  later  unanimously  and  very  prop-     200  yard  dash,  22  i-s  seconds ^a.  r.  Jones   ;99 

,      ,,„.  J        440  yard  run,  52  seconds K.  b.  Sturgeon,   uu 

erly  named  the  present  grounds     bheppard  ^^^  ^^^^  ^„^_  „  minutes  2  seconds... R.  s.  sturgeon,  -oo 

Field"— came  forward  with  an  offer  to  fur-  1  mile  run,  4  minutes  .35  seconds...         .h.  Baker   ;oi 

2  mile  run,  10  mmutes  214-.')  seconds.. t.  t.   Morns,    04 
nish    lumber     for    a     fence.        His     otter    was        220  yard  hurdles,  26  2-5  seconds J.     a.     Brown 

nromptlv    accepted,    a   boss    carpenter    was     120  yard  hurdles,  I6  2-3  seconds .J.  a.  Brown 

piuiuptiy      dL..cpu        ,  1  ^.^^    .^^^^^    .    j^^^    jlj^    .^^^^^^ (,|^^j^    Smith 

hired,  also  through  Dr.  Sheppard  s  gener-     g_.^^j  .^^^^  .„  {^^,  5  j^^j^es o.  Davis 

ositv,  and  scores  of  under-graduates  turned      Pole  vault,  10  feet  6  inches       R.  e.  wnso".  -os 

-  '  ,    ,  ■   ,      .,  u        Hammer  throw,  126  feet  1  mch .Arthur   Baird 

out  With  saw  and  hammer,  with  the  result      ghot-put.  39  feet  9  inches .utimr  Baird 

that    the    present    enclosure    was    soon    com-        Discus  Throw,  121  feet  3  inches Arthur  Baird 

pletefl  The  first  three  of  the  present  seven  Col- 

During  the  summer  of  1896  the  present  lege  and  Academy  tennis  courts  were  laid 

quarter-mile  cinder  track  was  made  entirely  out  and  partially  completed  in  the  spring  of 

by  student  and  Faculty  enterprise,  and  was  1895-     In  the   following  autumn,  under  a 

paid  for  largely  from'  the  football  receipts  new   administration,  these   were   completed 

of  the   previous   year.      In  the   autumn   of  and  paid  for  and  a  fourth  was  built,  thus 

1896  the  first  of  the  now  existing  "bleach-  completing    the    courts    of   the    University 

ers"  were  built,  the  work  being  entirely  done  proper.    The  Academy  courts  were  built  in 

by  students  and  professors  under  the  direc-  1900.    Our  local  courts  have  been  the  scene 

tion  of  the  Chairman  of  the  Committee  for  of  many  a  well-fought  battle  between  our 

the    Regulation    of    Athletic    Sports.      The  own  students  and  between  the  many  profes- 

northern  half  of  the  west  "bleachers"  and  all  sors    and    instructors    who    seek    health    in 

the  east  "bleachers"  were  built  in  the  fall  tennis,  and  they  have  witnessed  several  in- 
of   1898,  and  the  work  and  material  were      tercollegiate  contests. 


CHAPTER  XVIII. 


GARRETT  BIBLICAL  INSTITUTE 

(By  PRESIDENT  CHARLES  J.  LITTLE) 


Historical  Slcctch—Origiu  of  the  Institutc 
Due  to  the  Munificence  of  Mrs.  Augustus 
Garrett — Building  Erected  in  1855  and 
Institute  Opened  in  1836— Additional 
Buildings  Erected  in  jS6;  and  i88/~ 
The  Republican  "Wigivani"  of  i860  Be- 
comes the  Property  of  the  Institute—Re- 
verse Caused  by  Fire  of  18/I— Disaster 
Averted  in  i8Q/~Gro2z'th  of  the  Insti- 
tute— Personal  History—Large  Number 
of  the  Alumni  in  Missionary  and  Other 
Eields—Mcmbers  of  the  Faculty  and 
Board  of  Trustees. 

In  the  winter  of  1839  ^Ir.  Augustus  Gar- 
rett and  his  wife,  EHza  Garrett,  joined  the 
Clark  Street  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
of  Chicago,  of  which  the  Rev.  Peter  R. 
Borein  was  then  pastor.  Mr.  Borein  was  a 
man  of  unusual  eloquence  and  piety,  but  of 
imperfect  education.  He  often  attributed 
this  fact  to  the  lack  of  a  school  in  which 
men  like  himself  might  obtain  a  proper 
preparation  for  the  ministry,  and  frequently 
said  this  in  conversations  with  Mrs.  Gar- 
rett. 

In  1848  Mrs.  Garrett  was  left  a  widow 
and  in  possession  of  what  subsequently  de- 
veloped into  a  large  property.  In  the  year 
1852  she  authorized  her  legal  adviser. 
Grant  Goodrich,  to  ascertain  the  views  of 
persons   whom  he   might  deem   worthv   of 


103 


Special  regard  and  consultation  as  to  the 
field  of  greatest  promise  for  her  beneficence, 
and  in  October,  1853,  her  last  will  and  testa- 
ment was  formally  executed,  in  which  she 
set  apart  the  residue  of  her  estate  for  the 
founding  of  Garrett  Biblical  Institute. 

During   the   autumn    in    which    her   will 
was  executed  the  Rev,  Dr.  John  Dempster 
visited    the    West    with    the    intention  of 
planting  an  institution  for  the  training  of 
Methodist   ministers.    On   passing  through 
Chicago  he  learned  of  Mrs,  Garrett's  pur- 
pose,  and,  after  an   interview   with   her,   a 
meeting    of    the    Church    in    Chicago    was 
called  to  determine  what  course  should  be 
pursued.      Rev,    John    Clark   presided.      A 
committee  consisting  of  John  Clark,  Philo 
Judson,  Orrington  Lunt,  John  Adams  and 
Grant  Goodrich,  was  empowered  to  adopt 
such  measures  as  it  was  believed  would  re- 
sult in  the  speedy  erection  of  a  building  in 
which  to  open  a  school  and  to  provide  the 
means    to    sustain    it    until    Mrs.    Garrett's 
bequest     should     become    available.      They 
took  upon  themselves  the  responsibility  of 
providing  a  building  at  Evanston  and  of  fur- 
nishing an  annual  revenue  of  $1,600.    Dr. 
Dempster   undertook   to   provide    whatever 
amount  above  that  sum  might  be  necessary 
to  support  the  faculty.    A  building  capable 
of  accommodating  forty  students  was  com- 
pleted in  1855,  and  the  first  term  was  opened 


164 


GARRETT  BIBLICAL  INSTITUTE 


in  charge  of  Rev.  John  Dempster,  D.D. ; 
Rev.  William  Goodfellow,  A.M.,  and  Rev. 
William  P.  Wright,  A.  M.  The  institution 
was  opened  with  interesting  services,  in 
which  Mrs.  Garrett  participated.  The  first 
term  began  with  four  students  and  closed 
with  sixteen.  The  second  began  with  twelve 
and  clesed  with  nineteen.  The  greatest  num- 
ber in  attendance  at  any  one  time  was 
twenty-eight.  Annual  conferences  passed 
encouraging  resolutions  and  individuals  and 
churches  contributed  to  support  the  school. 
Mrs.  Garrett  was  so  anxious  to  disencumber 
her  estate  and  make  it  available  for  her 
benevolent  designs  that  for  several  years 
she  would  accept  only  $400  a  year  for  her 
support,  nearly  half  of  which  she  devoted 
to  pious  purposes.  This  estimable  and  ex- 
cellent woman  died  on  the  23d  of  Novem- 
ber, 1855,  the  last  act  of  her  life  being  to 
confirm  to  the  now  chartered  institute  the 
munificent  bequest  that  she  had  made  for  its 
endowment. 

An  excellent  portrait  of  Mrs.  Garrett 
now  hangs  in  the  President's  office  in  Me- 
morial Hall.  It  is  the  picture  of  a  sweet- 
faced,  intelligent  woman,  and  corresponds 
with  all  that  has  been  said  and  written  of 
her  goodness  and  piety.  Her  death  was  ' 
sudden  and  unexpected,  but  she  died  m 
great  peace — indeed,  in  great  triumph.  She 
was  greatly  beloved  and  greatly  lamented. 

The  temporary  organization  was  brought 
to  a  close  in  the  spring  of  1856,  and  in  May 
of  the  same  year  the  Trustees,  under  the 
charter  of  1855,  appealed  to  the  General 
Conference  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  for  recognition.  This  recognition 
was  granted  and  the  Bishops  were  request- 
ed to  act  as  an  advisory  committee  to  coun- 
sel with  the  Trustees.  A  permanent  organi- 
zation was  effected  and  the  Institute  opened 
on  the  22d  of  September,  1856,  about  three 
years  from  the  time  that  Mrs.  Garrett  de- 
termined upon  its  founding. 


When  the  Institute  was  first  opened  at 
Evanston  there  was  not,  in  the  whole  dis- 
tance between  Chicago  and  Waukegan,  a 
single  Protestant  church.  There  was  great 
need  of  evangelical  effort  in  the  villages 
that  were  springing  up  along  the  lake  shore. 
The  students  of  the  Institute  established 
and  maintained  regular  appointments  at 
which  they  preached,  exhorted,  taught  Sun- 
day schools,  distributed  tracts,  and  in  con- 
nection with  which  they  visited  the  people 
to  converse  with  them  concerning  their  reli- 
gious welfare.  Great  interest  was  taken  by 
the  faculty  in  this  evangelical  activity.  At 
the  same  time  earnest  efforts  were  made  to 
connect  with  the  Institute  a  department  for 
missionary  training.  In  an  early  catalogue 
the  leading  design  of  the  Institute  was 
stated  in  these  words:  "It  is  to  make  think- 
ing, speaking,  acting  men."  The  founders 
of  the  Institute  had  a  vivid  forecast  of 
the  future  of  Chicago,  and  believed  that  a 
special  Providence  had  directed  its  loca- 
tion ;  but  they  were  compelled  to  face  much 
prejudice  and  often  deplored  the  lack  of 
earnest  co-operation,  both  of  laymen  and 
ministers. 

The  first  building  was  a  wooden  structure 
accommodating  forty  students.  In  a  few 
years  a  new  building  became  necessary,  and 
in  1867,  through  the  efficient  agency  of 
Rev.  J.  S.  Smart  and  the  Women's  Centen- 
nial Association,  a  building,  now  known  as 
Heck  Hall,  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  $57,000. 
This  served  for  lecture  rooms,  library  and 
chapel,  as  well  as  a  dormitory  for  stu- 
dents until  1887,  when  the  present  Me- 
morial Hall  was  finished  during  the  presi- 
dency of  Rev.  Dr.  Henry  B.  Ridgaway. 
The  older  building,  which  has  recently  been 
completely  renovated,  is  now  devoted  sole- 
ly to  the  use  of  students. 

The  portion  of  Mrs.  Garrett's  estate 
which  came  into  the  hands  of  the  Trustees 
consisted  chiefly   of  the  ground   where   in 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


165 


i860  the  "Wigwam"  was  erected  in  which 
Abraham  Lincoln  was  nominated  for  Pres- 
ident of  the  United  States.  In  1870  a  block 
of  brick  stores  was  built  upon  this  ground, 
but  all  these  buildings  were  destroyed  in 
the  fire  of  187 1,  and  the  estate  was  left 
with  a  debt  of  $92,000.  The  generous  lib- 
erality of  the  church  contributed  a  sum  of 
$62,500  for  the  relief  of  the  Institute  in  this 
critical  time,  and  in  1872  a  larger  block  of 
buildings  was  erected  upon  the  same  site. 
The  debt  incurred  in  this  enterprise  was  re- 
moved by  the  active  efforts  of  the  Rev.  W. 
C.  Dandy,  D.D.,  who  was  appointed  finan- 
cial agent.  Among  the  numerous  gifts  ob- 
tained by  him  was  one  of  $30,000  from 
Mrs.  Cornelia  Miller  for  the  endowment  of 
the  Chair  of  Practical  Theology.  Under  the 
wise  management  of  the  Trustees  the  prop- 
erty of  the  Institute  gradually  increased  in 
value,  but  in  1897  another  crisis  occurred, 
the  results  of  which  were  averted  by  the 
careful  management  of  the  present  treasur- 
er of  the  Institute,  the  Rev.  Dr.  R.  D.  Shep- 
pard.  The  magnificent  building  now  occu- 
pied by  Reid,  Murdock  &  Co.  was  erected 
under  Dr.  Sheppard's  supervision  after  a 
lease  had  been  negotiated  which  promises  to 
afford  a  large  revenue  for  immediate  needs. 
The  debt  created  in  this  connection  the 
Trustees  hope  to  extinguish  by  the  sinking 
fund  which  they  have  started. 

The  Institute  has  deviated  but  little  from 
its  original  ideal.  It  has  met,  from  time  to 
time,  the  demands  of  the  period ;  thus,  in 
the  summer  of  1892,  it  enlarged  its  facili- 
ties for  the  study  of  the  English  Bible,  a 
systematic  scheme  for  English  Bible  study 
being  substituted  in  the  diploma  course  for 
the  study  of  Hebrew.  In  1895  '^  took  steps 
for  instruction  in  Sociology.  The  Library 
has  grown  rapidly  under  the  careful  man- 
agement of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Terry,  and  in- 
cludes the  splendid  collection  of  Methodist 
books  and  original  documents — the  finest  in 


the  world — purchased  for  the  Institute  by 
Mr.  William  Deering.  The  records  of  the 
Seminary  show  that,  since  1854,  nearly 
3,500  persons  have  enjoyed  the  privileges  of 
the  school.  Of  this  number  700  have  com- 
pleted a  three  years'  course,  and  of  these 
365  have  received  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of 
Divinity.  The  large  majority  of  these  grad- 
uates are  pastors,  many  of  whom  are  now 
filling  conspicuous  pulpits  with  ability. 
Among  those  now  living  may  be  mentioned : 
James  S.  Chadwick  and  George  E.  Stro- 
bridge,  of  the  New  York  East  Conference; 
Charles  B.Wilcox,  of  Kansas  City  ;  Polemus 
H.  Swift,  W.  E.  Tilroe,  John  N.  Hall,  John 

D.  Leek  and  John  P.  Brushingham,  of  Chi- 
cago;  Edward  S.  Ninde,  of  Ann  Arbor; 
Edwin  A.  Schell,  of  Greencastle,  Ind. ; 
Hugh  D.  Atchison,  of  Dubuque,  Iowa ;  A. 

E.  Craig,  of  Ottumwa,  Iowa  ;  E.  G.  Lewis,  of 
Grand  Rapids,  Mich. ;  William  A.  Shanklin, 
of  Reading,  Pa. ;  James  S.  Montgomery,  of 
Minneapolis ;  E.  B.  Patterson,  of  Balti- 
more ;  James  H.  Senseny,  Des  Moines, 
Iowa. 

Forty  of  the  Alumni  have  gone  to  the 
foreign  field  as  missionaries.  Among  these 
are  two  Missionary  Bishops,  Joseph  C. 
Hartzell  and  F.  W.  Warne ;  in  China  are 
Virgil  C.  Hart,  William  T.  Hobart,  Myron 
C.  Wilcox,  H.  Olin  Cady,  Spencer  Lewis, 

F.  L.  Guthrie,  W.  H.  Lacey,  W.  C.  Lang- 
don  and  Quincy  A.  Meyers;  in  India  are  J. 
H.  Gill,  D.  O.  Fo.x,  James  S.  Messmore, 
J.  W.  Waugh,  J.  C.  Lawson,  William  H. 
Hollister,  Harvey  R.  Calkins,  D.  C.  Clancy 
and  John  W.  Robinson ;  in  Burmah,  Julius 
Smith ;  in  Southeast  Africa,  John  M. 
Springer ;  in  Singapore,  John  R.  Denyes 
and  Ernest  S.  Lyons ;  in  Mexico,  Ira  C. 
Cartwright ;  in  South  America,  M.  J.  Pusey 
and  H.  B.  Shinn.  Homer  C.  Stuntz,  for- 
merly of  India,  is  now  in  the  Philippine 
Islands. 

Thirty-three    are    serving    as    Presidents 


i66 


GARRETT  BIBLICAL  INSTITUTE 


and  professors  in  schools  and  colleges. 
Among  these  are :  Xathan  Burwash,  Presi- 
dent of  Victoria  College,  Canada ;  William 
H.  Crawford,  President  of  Allegheny  Col- 
lege, Pa. :  Eli  McClish,  President  of  Pacific 
College,  Cal. ;  Xels  E.  Simonson,  Principal 
of  the  Norwegian-Danish  School,  Evans- 
ton  ;  J.  Riley  Weaver,  Professor  in  DePauw 
University ;  Robert  D.  Sheppard  and  Amos 
W.  Patten,  Professors  in  Northwestern 
University ;  Charles  Horswell,  Solon  C. 
Bronson  and  Charles  "SI.  Stuart.  Professors 
in  Garrett  Biblical  Institute ;  ^lelvin  P. 
Lackland,  Professor  in  Illinois  Wesleyan 
University ;  Orange  H.  Cessna,  Professor 
in  Iowa  State  Agricultural  College  :  Thomas 
Nicholson,  President  Dakota  Wesleyan 
University,  South  Dakota. 

Among  the  earliest  graduates  in  the  class 
of  1861  was  Bishop  Charles  H.  Fowler. 
In  the  same  class  was  Oliver  A.  Willard, 
the  brilliant  brother  of  the  lamented  Frances 
E.  Willard. 

The  Norwegian-Danish  Department  was 
organized  in  1886  under  the  principalship 
of  Rev.  Nels  E.  Simonson,  D.D.,  an  alum- 
nus of  the  English  Department.  During 
the  thirteen  years  of  its  operation,  it  has 
had  in  attendance  more  than  one  hundred 
students. 

The  Presidents  of  the  faculty  have  been : 
John  Dempster,  Matthew  Simpson,  William 
X.  Ninde,  Henry  B.  Ridgawav  and  Charles 
J.  Little. 

The  members  of  the  faculty  have  been : 
John  Dempster,  William  Goodfellow,  Wil- 
liam O.  Wright,  Daniel  P.  Kidder,  Henry 
Bannister,  Francis  D.  Hemenway,  Miner 
Raymond,  Robert  L.  Cumnock,  William 
X.  Ninde,  Henry  B.  Ridgaway,  Charles  F. 
Bradley,  Milton  S.  Terry,  Charles  W.  Ben- 
nett. Charles  Horswell.  Charles  J.  Little, 
Solon  C.  Bronson,  Charles  M.  Stuart.  Dore- 
mus  A.  Hayes. 

The   Trustees  have  been :    Grant   Good- 


rich, Orrington  Lunt,  John  Evans,  Philo 
Judson,  Stephen  P.  Keyes,  Luke  Hitchcock. 
Hooper  Crews,  Thomas  M.  Eddy,  John  \'. 
Farvvell,  E.  H.  Gammon.  Charles  H.  Fowl- 
er, A.  E.  Bishop,  S.  H.  Adams,  William 
Deering,  Robert  D.  Sheppard,  Oliver  H. 
Horton,  William  C.  Dandy,  Frank  M.  Bris- 
tol, Frank  P.  Crandon,  Amos  W.  Patton, 
Polemus  H.  Swift. 

John  Dempster,  the  first  President,  be- 
longed to  that  vigorous  Scotch-Irish  stock 
which  has  been  so  potent  in  American  his- 
tory. His  natural  powers  were  very  great, 
and  though  himself  without  a  theological 
training,  he  may  be  said  to  be  the  founder 
of  the  theological  schools  in  American 
^lethodism.  He  exercised  great  influence, 
not  only  among  his  brethren,  but  in  the  gen- 
eral community,  and  was  one  of  the  com- 
mittee that  waited  upon  Mr.  Lincoln  in  the 
crisis  of  the  war  to  strengthen  his  hands 
and  to  assure  him  of  the  unfailing  support 
of   his    fellow-citizens   of   Illinois. 

Matthew  Simpson,  the  eloquent  Bishop, 
was  the  greatest  preacher  that  recent  Aleth- 
odism  has  produced.  His  influence  during 
the  war  surpassed  that  of  any  clergyman  in 
the  land,  partly  because  of  his  great  en- 
dowments and  excellent  character,  and 
partly  because  he  represented  a  church  that 
"sent  more  men  to  the  field  and  more  pray- 
ers to  heaven"  than  any  other  in  the  land. 

Bishop  Ninde,  who  succeeded  him  as 
President,  drew  all  hearts  to  himself.  His 
personal  appearance  was  singularly  at- 
tractive ;  his  behavior  was  brotherly  and  his 
spirit  so  Christ-like  that  students  revered 
him  and  the  community  trusted  him  im- 
plicitly. 

Dr.  Ridgaway  came  to  Evanston  from 
Cincinnati.  He  brought  with  him  a  great 
reputation  as  an  eloquent  preacher  and  a 
successful  pastor.  During  his  administra- 
tion Memorial  Hall  was  built.  He,  too,  was 
greatlv  beloved. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON  167 

Of  the  many  distinguished  members  of  was,  by  reason  of  his  personality  and  his 

the  faculty  the  most  conspicuous  was  Dr.  many  years  of  service,  the  most  conspicu- 

Miner   Raymond.    No   man   in   Methodism  ous  and  the  most  useful.    He  gave  to  the 

possessed  a  clearer  mind.    His  words  were  Institute    unstinted    service.      He    watched 

weighty  and  his  sentences,  many  of  them,  over   its   interests   as  he   watched  over  his 

have  become  household   words  to  his   pu-  own,  and  prayed   for  it  as  he  prayed  for 

pils.    He  lived  to  be  more  than  four  score  his   family.    Few  institutions  have  enjoyed 

years  of  age  and  continued  his  teaching  un-  such  devotion  as  Orrington  Lunt  gave  to 

til  his  eighty-second  year.  Garrett  Biblical  Institute,  and  his  name  will 

Among    the    Trustees    Orrington    Lunt  be  connected  with  it  so  long  as  it  shall  last. 


CHAPTER  XIX. 


EARLY  DRAINAGE 


First  Steps  in  Organization  of  a  Drainage 
System  for  Evanston — Natural  Condi- 
tions— Early  Legislation  of  1855 — The 
Late  Harvey  B.  Hurd,  Member  and  Sec- 
retary of  First  Board  of  Commissioners — 
Construction  of  Ditches  Begun — Drain- 
age Amendment  of  the  Present  Consti- 
tution Adopted  in  iS/S — Extension  of 
the  System — Local  Opposition — A  Tax 
Collector's  Experience— A  Flood  Con- 
verts the  Opponents  of  the  System. 

The  drainage  of  Evanston  forms  an  im- 
portant and  interesting  chapter  in  its  his- 
tory. There  is  plenty  of  evidence  showing 
that  all  the  territory  now  included  in  the 
towns  of  Evanston,  Niles,  JeiTerson,  Lake 
View  and  the  southeastern  portion  of  New 
Trier,  were  at  some  time  covered  by  the 
waters  of  Lake  Michigan.  There  are,  in 
this  territory,  three  distinct  ridges  made  by 
the  lake  which  mark  several  distinct  reces- 
sions of  its  waters.  The  west  one,  some- 
times called  "Dutch  Ridge,"  commences  at 
Winnetka,  at  the  south  end  of  the  clay  bluiT 
stretching  along  the  west  shore,  and  runs 
thence  southwesterly,  spreading  and  flat- 
tening out  in  fan-shape  towards  the  north 
branch  of  the  Chicago  River  and  terminat- 
ing at  that  stream  near  Niles  Center.  East 
of  this,  from  a  mile  in  width  at  the  north 
end,  to  two  or  three  miles  at  the  south  end, 
is   Evanston's   "West   Ridge,"   which  com- 


mences where  Ridge  Avenue  strikes  the 
lake  and  runs  almost  directly  south  to  Rose- 
hill,  where  it  turns  sharply  to  the  west, 
forming  a  J  and  flattening  out  considerably 
at  Bowmanville,  and  also  terminating  at  the 
north  branch  near  that  place,  leaving  be- 
tween these  two  ridges  a  valley  partly 
wooded  and  partly  prairie.  The  east  one  of 
the  three  ridges  commences  at  the  lake 
shore  in  the  University  campus  and  runs 
southerly  through  Evanston,  and  bending 
slightly  to  the  eastward  through  Lake  View, 
ends  at  Lincoln  Park. 

Natural  Conditions.  —  These  several 
ridges,  to  a  certain  extent,  cut  of?  the  drain- 
age of  the  land  between  them,  and  this  land 
was  subject  to  occasional  overflow,  and 
was  to  some  extent  swampy  during  the  en- 
tire year.  Portions  of  it  were  impassable 
during  most  of  the  year.  At  quite  an  early 
day  a  small  ditch  was  constructed  midway 
between  the  east  and  west  ridges,  emptying 
into  the  lake  through  a  ravine  between  the 
College  campus  and  the  site  of  the  first 
Biblical  Institute  building  erected  in  1854, 
but  afterward  destroyed  by  fire.  This  ditch 
was  called  the  Mulford  Ditch,  from  the  fact 
that  Major  E.  H.  Mulford  was  principally 
instrumental  in  its  construction :  Edward 
Murphy  was  associated  with  him  in  the 
making  of  it. 

At  the  time  of  the  location  of  Evanston 
this  ditch  had  pretty  much  gone  to  decay 


169 


I/O 


EARLY  DRAINAGE 


and  the  land  between  the  two  ridges  was 
so  swampy  it  was  difficult  to  pass  from  one 
ridge  to  the  other  except  in  one  or  two 
places.  Something  in  the  way  of  drainage 
was  accomplished  by  the  throwing  up  of 
the  streets  when  Evanston  was  laid  out  in 

1853- 
First    Drainage    Commission. — By    an 

act  approved  February  15,  1855,  "The 
Drainage  Commission"  was  created  for  the 
purpose  of  draining  the  wet  lands  in  Town- 
ships 41  and  42,  in  Range  13  and  14,  and 
Sections  i,  2,  11  and  12,  in  Township  40  of 
Range  13.  This  Commission  was  given 
power  "to  lay  out,  locate,  construct,  com- 
plete and  alter  ditches,  embankments,  cul- 
verts, bridges  and  roads,  and  maintain  and 
keep  the  same  in  repair."  The  Commission- 
ers named  in  the  act  were  Harvey  B.  Hurd, 
George  M.  Huntoon,  James  B.  Colvin,  John 
L.  Beveridge  and  John  H.  Foster.  As  Dr. 
Foster  resided  in  Chicago  and  did  not  wish 
to  engage  in  the  undertaking,  A.  G.  Wilder 
was  put  in  his  place.  Mr.  Hurd  was  Secre- 
tary of  the  Commission,  and  to  a  consider- 
able extent  managed  its  operations. 

At  that  time  the  only  road  on  the  prairie 
west  of  Evanston  was  one  running  north 
and  south  along  the  east  edge  of  the  Big 
Woods,  leading  from  what  was  known  as 
"Emerson's  barn"  to  Chicago  by  way  of 
Bowmanville.  This  road  was  passable  only 
during  a  portion  of  the  year^late  in  the 
summer  and  when  the  ground  was  frozen 
up. 

Construction  of  Ditches  Begun. — The 
first  ditch  constructed  by  the  Commission 
was  along  the  west  side  of  this  road ; 
the  excavation  being  thrown  up  in  such  a 
manner  as  to  make  a  fairly  passable  road 
from  "Emerson's  barn"  neighborhood  to 
Bowmanville. 

The  next  work  of  the  Commission  was 
the  construction  of  what  is  known  as  the 
"Big  Ditch,"  about  half  way  between  the 


Big  Woods  and  West  Ridge.  It  was  so 
shaped  that  the  north  end  of  it  from  the 
north  side  of  Center  Street,  on  the  town 
line  between  Evanston  and  Xew  Trier, 
emptied  into  the  lake,  and  from  the  south 
side  of  Center  Street  the  water  was  carried 
south,  emptying  into  the  North  Branch  at  a 
point  about  three-fourths  of  a  mile  north- 
west of  Bowmanville. 

Later  several  ditches  were  laid  out  and 
constructed  across  the  prairie ;  these  were  so 
laid  out  and  constructed  as  to  create  roads. 
One  of  them  is  the  Rogers  Road,  com- 
mencing just  west  of  what  was  then  the 
home  of  Philip  Rogers,  after  whom  Rogers 
Park  was  named,  running  thence  west  to 
Xiles  Center.  Another  is  the  Mulford 
Road ;  another  extended  on  Church  Street 
west  to  the  Big  Woods,  and  another  was 
the  Emerson  Road,  now  Emerson  Street. 

These  roads  have  all  become  prominent 
thoroughfares ;  the  last  three  have  been  ex- 
tended west  to  Dutch  Ridge,  and  Church 
Street  has  been  extended  to  the  Glenn  View 
Golf  Club  grounds.  The  Commission  en- 
larged the  Mulford  Ditch  so  that  it  fur- 
nished pretty  fair  drainage  for  the  territory 
lying  between  the  east  and  west  ridges  in 
the  Village  of  Evanston  until  the  sewerage 
system  was  put  in.  Later  a  ditch  was  con- 
structed across  the  east  ridge  from  a  point 
just  west  of  Tillman  IMann's  house,  at  the 
distance  of  about  three  blocks  south  of  Rog- 
ers Park  depot  to  the  lake. 

A.  G.  Wilder  having  died,  Michael  Gorm- 
ley  of  Glencoe  was  put  on  the  Commission 
in  his  place,  and  the  Commission  undertook 
to  drain  the  Skokie,  lying  west  of  Winnet- 
ka,  Glencoe  and  Highland  Park.  It  first 
constructed  a  ditch  emptying  into  the  east 
fork  of  the  North  Branch,  but  it  was  found 
that  in  flood  times  the  water  set  back  in 
the  North  Branch  and  up  this  ditch,  flood- 
ing the  Skokie.  Another  outlet  was  there- 
fore made  through  the  Dutch  Ridge,  at  a 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


171 


point  about  half  way  between  Winnetka 
and  the  Gross  Point  settlement,  carrying 
the  water  into  the  lake  through  what  is  now 
Kenilworth.  The  Skokie  being  about  forty 
feet  above  the  lake  level,  ample  fall  was 
found,  and  this  last  ditch  redeemed  a  large 
amount  of  valuable  lands  at  the  south  end 
of  the  Skokie,  now  covered  by  some  of  the 
best  farms  in  that  neighborhood. 

The  subsequent  efforts  of  the  Commis- 
sion to  enlarge  the  Skokie  ditch  and  extend 
it  further  north,  were  opposed  by  some  of 
the  land-owners  who  were  assessed  for  the 
expense  of  their  improvement,  and  two 
cases  were  carried  to  the  Supreme  Court  to 
test  the  constitutionality  of  the  law.  In  the 
case  of  Hessler  vs.  The  Drainage  Commis- 
sioners (reported  in  53  111.  Reports,  page 
105),  the  court  held  the  law  to  be  unconsti- 
tutional. This  decision  was  rendered  in 
January,  1870,  and  put  an  end  to  the  opera- 
tions of  "The  Drainage  Commissioners." 
This  was  one  of  several  decisions  of  like 
import,  for  there  were  several  other  com- 
missions in  different  parts  of  the  State, 
acting  under  similar  laws,  where  assess- 
ments for  benefits  had  been  held  unconstitu- 
tional, but  so  much  interest  had  been  cre- 
ated in  favor  of  drainage  that  a  clause  was 
put  into  the  Constitution  of  1870,  designed 
to  permit  the  General  Assembly  to  pass 
laws  for  that  purpose.  This  clause  was 
amended  by  vote  of  the  people  in  November, 
1878,  adopting  an  amendment  of  the  Consti- 
tution, which  is  now  the  authority  for  the 
drainage  laws  found  in  the  statutes  general- 
ly known  as  the  Farm  Drainage  Acts. 

Extension  of  the  System.  —  The 
north  portion  of  the  big  ditch  was  later, 
under  one  of  these  acts,  very  considerably 
enlarged  and  extended  south  so  as  to  draw 
the  water  lakeward  from  Church  Street, 
but  all  those  parts  of  the  Big  Ditch  and 
Mulford  Ditch  within  the  corporate  limits 
of  Evanston  have  been  supplanted  bv  sew- 


ers constructed  by  the  City  of  Evanston. 
The  Rogers  Park  Ditch  has  been  supplant- 
ed by  a  main  sewer  on  Pratt  Avenue,  which 
carried  all  the  drainage  of  Rogers  Park 
west  of  the  East  Ridge  into  the  lake.  All 
the  roads  which  were  constructed  by  the 
Commission  are  not  only  maintained,  but 
have  been  extended  and  improved  and  are 
now  principal  highways.  The  law  under 
which  they  were  constructed  having  been 
declared  void,  the  owner  of  the  land  upon 
which  they  were  laid  out  might  have  fenced 
them  up,  but  they  were  of  such  evident  util- 
ity and  propriety  that  no  one  has  shown  any 
disposition  to  do  so,  and  having  now  been  in 
use  over  twenty  years,  they  have  becoftie 
legal  highways. 

Local  Opposition. — The  opposition  of 
the  owners  of  the  lands  proposed  to  be  bene- 
fitted was  not  confined  to  the  validity  of  the 
law.  When  the  first  ditch  was  being  laid 
out  along  the  west  side  of  the  Big  Woods 
Road,  the  Big  Woods  people  came  out  with 
pitch-forks  and  clubs  to  drive  off  the  en- 
gineer and  his  assistants,  but  fortunately  the 
engineer  was  a  good-natured  man,  but  very 
firm,  and  did  not  allow  himself  to  be  driven 
oft'. 

Later,  when  the  Rogers  Road  ditch  was 
projected,  a  very  vigorous  protest  was 
made,  the  people  insisting  that  they  did  not 
need  any  more  drainage ;  that  they  would 
rather  have  their  land  as  it  was  without  fur- 
ther drainage,  and  I  am  of  the  opinion  that 
had  I  not  put  on  my  pleasantest  manner  with 
them,  I  should  have  received  rough  treat- 
ment on  one  of  my  visits  to  the  neighbor- 
hood in  the  collection  of  assessments.  I  had 
the  satisfaction,  however,  later  in  the  season, 
of  turning  the  tables  on  them.  It  occurred 
in  this  way:  Our  ditchers,  for  the  purpose 
of  protecting  their  work  from  being  flooded, 
threw  up  their  excavation  in  such  a  way  as 
to  create  a  dam  on  each  side  of  the  ditch. 
In  the  midst  of  having  time,  when  a  larare 


172 


EARLY  DRAINAGE 


quantity  of  hay  was  down,  and  considerable 
of  it  was  in  cocks,  and  when  the  ditch  was 
about  two-thirds  across  the  prairie,  there 
came  a  heavy  rain  which  flooded  the  prairie. 
To  save  their  hay,  the  people  rallied  in 
force,  drove  off  the  ditchers,  cut  the  dams 
and  let  the  water  off,  and  thus  saved  much 
of  their  hay  which  would  otherwise  have 
been  all  spoiled.  We  had  the  ring-leaders 
arrested,  brought  over  to  Evanston  and 
fined.  Though  they  were  not  quite  happy 
in  the  payment  of  their  fines,  they  were 
much  more  reconciled  to  the  payment  of 


their  assessments,  acknowledging  that  af- 
ter all  the  drainage  was  a  pretty  good 
thing. 

All  the  work  done  by  "The  Drainage 
Commission"  was  by  special  assessment. 
Unfortunately,  the  Chicago  fire  in  1871 
destroyed  all  our  assessment  rolls,  or  I 
should  take  pleasure  in  showing  you  how 
much  more  economically  work  was  done  by 
commissioners  interested  in  the  land  as 
owners  than  is  now  done  by  municipal 
authorities  who  have  no  interest  in  com- 
mon with  those  who  have  to  foot  the  bills. 


CHAPTER  XX. 


PUBLIC  UTILITIES 


(By  ALEXANDER  CLARK) 


Area  and  Topography  of  the  City  of  Evan- 
ston — The  Drainage  Problem — A  Period 
of  Evolution — Municipal  Development — 
Electric  Light  System  Installed — Street 
Improvements — Parks  and  Boulevards — 
The  Transportation  Problem — Steam  and 
Interurban  Railway  Connections — Heat- 
ing System — Telephone  Service — Evan- 
ston  as  a  Residence  City. 

The  total  area  of  the  city  of  Evanston  is 
about  4,000  acres.  The  lots  generally  have 
a  frontage  of  fifty  feet.  As  they  average 
about  five  lots  to  the  acre,  this  would  make 
a  total  of  20,000  lots  within  the  city  limits. 
Estimating  a  population  of  five  persons  to 
each  lot,  would  give  the  city  a  total  popula- 
tion of  about  100,000  when  the  territory  is 
fully  built  up.  The  present  population  is 
about  20,000.  It  consists  largely  of  resi- 
dents who  do  business  in  the  City  of  Chi- 
cago, while  there  is  a  large  local  population, 
residing  permanently  in  the  city,  of  whom 
a  large  proportion  are  in  the  employment 
of  the  other  class. 

Topographically  the  territory  consists  of 
an  area  intersected  by  two  ridges  running 
north  and  south,  one  known  as  the  East,  and 
the  other  as  the  West  Ridge.  The  East,  or 
Chicago  Avenue  Ridge,  has  an  elevation  of 
twenty  to  twenty-five  feet  above  Lake 
Michigan,    while    Ridge    Avenue     (West 


Ridge)  rises  about  forty -five  feet  above  the 
lake  level. 

There  is  a  large  area  to  the  west  of  Ridge 
Avenue  which  was  at  one  time  very  low 
and  swampy  in  its  character.  The  opening 
of  sewers  through  these  two  ridges  to  the 
lake  has  drained  this  area,  and,  although 
relatively  low,  it  is  actually  about  twenty 
feet  above  Lake  Michigan,  which  is,  on  an 
average,  about  a  mile  and  a  half  distant. 
The  difiference  in  elevation,  therefore,  af- 
fords a  very  good  fall  when  the  sewers  are 
cut  through. 

Drainage. — The  drainage  of  this  area 
west  of  Ridge  Avenue  was  a  serious  prob- 
lem for  early  Evanston.  The  first  drainage 
district  ever  organized  in  the  State  of  Illi- 
nois was  created  for  the  purpose  of  accom- 
plishing this  purpose.  In  1855,  the  Legis- 
lature, by  special  act,  created  a  drainage 
corporation,  consisting  of  the  late  Harvey 
B.  Hurd  and  four  other  members,  for  the 
purpose  of  draining  this  territory. 

Early  in  the  'sixties,  this  act  was  declared 
unconstitutional,  and,  in  the  meanwhile,  the 
ditch  leading  from  the  prairie  west  of  Evan- 
ston had  been  cut  through  to  the  lake  at  a 
point  just  north  of  the  city  limits,  and  also 
a  connection  had  been  made  about  the  north 
line  of  Kenilworth,  through  the  Gross 
Point  Ridge  to  the  Skokie.  There  two 
ditches  carried  away  great  volumes  of  sur- 


174 


PUBLIC   UTILITIES 


face  water  that  flooded  these  areas  at  certain 
seasons  of  the  j'ear. 

The  first  sewer  in  Evanston  which  tapped 
this  west  prairie  country  was  the  Emerson 
Street  sewer,  which  was  made  of  large 
capacit}'  and  was  intended  to  drain  this 
area  included  within  the  limits  of  the  city 
of  Evanston ;  as  has  already  been  stated,  it 
has  rendered  the  territory  entirely  habitable. 
There  is  a  large  area  south  of  the  portion 
included  in  the  City  of  Evanston,  part  of 
which  is  in  the  Town  of  Evanston  (now 
Ridgeville)  and  part  within  the  Town  of 
Niles,  which  as  yet  has  no  drainage,  and 
must  ultimately  look  for  its  drainage  to  a 
connection  with  the  North  Branch  of  the 
Chicago  River,  either  through  an  open 
channel  into  which  the  Evanston  drainage 
will  be  diverted,  or  by  sewers  constructed 
in  the  City  of  Chicago  and  connected  with 
the  Drainage  Canal.  A  line  of  brickyards 
is  gradually  working  its  way  along  the  east 
edge  of  this  low  ground,  and,  in  time,  will 
work  out  an  open  channel  which  will 
amount  to  an  extension  of  the  North 
Branch. 

A  Period  of  Evolution. — It  is  exceed- 
ingly interesting  to  trace  the  evolution  of 
an  open  farm  country  into  the  complex  de- 
velopment of  a  city.  It  is  difficult  for  the 
early  residents  of  such  a  district  to  contem- 
plate the  possibilities  of  paved  streets, 
sewers,  water  mains,  gas  and  electric  supply, 
and  to  work  with  reference  to  the  ultimate 
establishment  of  these  improvements.  Hence, 
such  development  goes  on  in  a  very  tardy 
and  expensive  manner,  the  work  being  per- 
formed largely  on  experimental  lines  and 
with  reference  to  the  demands  of  the  im- 
mediate present,  and  not  with  anv  compre- 
hensive grasp  of  the  needs  of  the  future. 

In  the  south  end  of  the  present  City  of 
Evanston,  which  constituted  the  village  of 
South  Evanston,  the  first  attempt  at  drain- 
age  was  by  means  of  wooden  box-drains 


from  the  railroad  leading  down  to  the  lake. 
One  of  these  was  constructed  in  Keeney 
Avenue,  and  a  similar  construction  was 
placed  on  Main  Street,  but  cut  through 
Chicago  Avenue  Ridge,  so  as  to  drain  the 
low-lying  territory  through  the  two  ridges. 
It  speaks  well  for  the  foresight  of  the  men 
who  performed  this  work,  that,  when  they 
cut  through  Chicago  Avenue  Ridge,  ex- 
cavated to  a  depth  sufficient  to  drain  this 
outlying  territory  and  constructed  the  drain 
of  brick,  when  later  it  was  found  neces- 
sary to  change  it  into  a  sewer,  it  was  only 
necessary  to  reconstruct  the  portion  be- 
tween the  ridges  up  to  Chicago  Avenue 
Ridge  and  then  to  excavate  across  Ridge 
Avenue  to  the  city  limits  on  the  west. 

Municipal  Consolidation. — The  present 
city  of  Evanston  is  made  up  of  what  was 
originally  three  municipal  corporations : 
Evanston  proper,  South  Evanston  and 
North  Evanston.  The  boundary  of  Evan- 
ston proper,  or  Evanston  center,  was  orig- 
inally on  the  south  by  Hamilton  and  Crain 
Streets,  and  on  the  north  by  Foster  Street. 

The  first  attempt  at  merging  was  in  1873. 
The  Village  of  Evanston  as  it  then  existed 
was  desirous  of  securing  a  water  supply, 
but  did  not  have  the  means  to  do  so,  and 
under  the  constitutional  limitations  as  to  in- 
debtedness could  not  issue  bonds  in  suffi- 
cient amount  to  accomplish  this  purpose.  In 
order  to  increase  its  bonding  capacity  the 
plan  was  devised  of  uniting  the  Village  of 
Evanston  and  North  Evanston.  The  Village 
of  South  Evanston  remained  a  distinct  cor- 
poration until  1892,  when,  after  some  pre- 
vious attempts,  which  proved  unsuccessful, 
the  question  of  annexation  to  the  Village  of 
Evanston  was  taken  up  and,  after  a  hotly 
contested  campaign,  was  carried  through. 

The  Village  of  South  Evanston  owes  its 
existence  to  the  fact  that  no  land  was 
owned  within  its  limits  by  the  Northwest- 
ern University.    In  the  early  days  this  Uni- 


CITY   HALL 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


175 


versity  owned  a  large  portion  of  the  proper- 
ty included  the  original  City  of  Evans- 
ton,  and  as  this  property  was  largely  unim- 
proved and  not  subject  to  taxation,  this  ex- 
emption threw  a  very  serious  burden  upon 
the  portion  of  the  village  not  owned  by  the 
University.  To  escape  this  taxation  was 
;he  incentive  for  the  organization  of  the 
new  Village  of  South  Evanston. 

The  framers  of  our  present  Constitution 
in  their  wisdom,  saw  fit  to  so  hedge  about 
the  municipality  that  no  margin  for  ex- 
travagant expenditure  should  be  allowed, 
and  by  inserting  the  provision  in  the  Consti- 
tution that  no  municipal  corporation  should 
become  indebted,  including  present  indebt- 
edness, in  excess  of  five  per  cent  of  its 
property,  so  hampered  an  increase  of  in- 
debtedness that  it  is  utterly  impossible  for 
any  small  numicipality  to  have  metropolitan 
facilities ;  so  that,  just  as  soon  as  these 
facilities  are  desired,  it  becomes  necessarv 
to  consolidate  in  order  to  enlarge  the  bond- 
ing and  taxing  area. 

The  same  principle  that  applies  in  busi- 
ness, and  influencing  the  merging  of  several 
disconnected  establishments  in  the  same  line 
of  business  into  one.  therebv  securing  great- 
er economy  in  their  management  and  opera- 
tion, applies,  up  to  a  certain  limit,  with  even 
greater  force  to  municipalities. 

The  desperate  struggles  of  some  of  these 
corporations  to  assume  metropolitan  airs, 
without  the  means,  are  very  amusing.  For 
instance,  the  \'illage  of  South  Evanston  de- 
sired a  water  supply,  and,  in  order  to  secure 
it.  first  bored  an  artesian  well  about  2,600 
feet  deep,  which  sjnirted  up  like  an  oil  gush- 
er sixty  feet  above  the  surface;  but  the 
water  was  so  hard  that  it  could  not  be  cut 
with  an  axe,  and  left  a  residuum  of  its  or- 
ganic elements  upon  the  foliage  that  hap- 
pened to  be  sprinkled  with  it. 

The  residents  then  began  to  clamor  for 
lake  water :  but.  in  order  to  get  a  pure  sup- 


ply,  it  was  necessary  to  go  out  some  dis- 
tance from  the  shore  and  construct  a  pump- 
ing  station.    A   block   of   ground   between 
Main  Street  and  Kedzie  Avenue  was  found 
which  the  lake  was  gradually  eating  up.    It 
had  been  taken  by  foreclosure  by  Eastern 
parties,  and  they  were  in  danger  of  losing 
their  holdings  by  the  erosion  of  the  water. 
It    was    found,    therefore,    that    the    whole 
block  could  be  purchased    for  about  $1,600. 
A  frontage  of  about  800  feet  on  Lake  Mich- 
igan was  thus  secured  at  this  nominal  figure. 
The   question   then   arose   how   to   get   the 
money   to   protect    this   land    from   the   en- 
croachments of  the  lake,  grade  it  and  se- 
cure a  water  supply.    The  first  problem  was 
solved  b}-  levying  a  special  assessment  on 
every  lot  between  the  Ridge  and  the  lake — 
on  those  lots  between  the  railroad  and  the 
lake  $5.00  each,  and  on  those  between  the 
Xorthwestern    Railroad    and    Ridge    Ave- 
nue $3.00  each.    By  this  means  $7,000  was 
raised,  which  was  spent  upon  breakwaters, 
grading  and  setting  out  trees,  and  the  pres- 
ent little  park  is  the  result  of  that  invest- 
ment.  The  extent  of  the  ground  has  alreadv 
been   nearly   doubled   by   accretion,    and   is 
capable  of  much  greater  enlargement  at  a 
trifling    expenditure.     About   $20,000    was 
added   to   the   bonded    indebtedness    and   a 
pumping    station    and    water-tower    were 
built. 

Electric  Lighting. — The  town  then 
having  started  on  the  highway  of  progress, 
it  was  thought  that  it  would  be  a  good  thing 
if  an  electric  lighting  system  could  be  in- 
stalled :  bids  were  called  for  and  it  was  as- 
certained that  such  a  system  could  be  estab- 
lished with  a  capacity  for  lighting  the  town 
at  about  $7,000.  But  the  towai  was  already 
bonded  up  to  its  full  constitutional  limit, 
and  the  improvement  being  a  public  one,  it 
did  not  seem  possible  that  any  more  money 
could  be  raised  by  special  assessment.  This 
device  was  then  resorted  to :  a  contract  was 


176 


PUBLIC   UTILITIES 


made  with  an  electric  light  company  where- 
by it  constructed  a  plant  in  the  village  and 
leased  it  to  the  municipality  at  a  rental  to 
be  paid  quarterly,  with  an  agreement  that, 
when  a  certain  amount  of  rent  was  paid,  the 
title  to  the  plant  should  vest  in  the  village. 
This  plan  was  borrowed  from  the  method 
pursued  by  impecunious  females  in  pur- 
chasing sewing  machines,  pianos  and  furni- 
ture. To  the  credit  of  the  people  of  the 
village  and  the  lawyers  residing  in  it,  no 
effort  was  made  to  test  the  doubtful  legali- 
ty of  this  proceeding,  and  South  Evanston 
soon  had  the  satisfaction  of  being  the  only 
municipality  electrically  lighted  between 
Waukegan  and  Chicago.  The  same  boilers, 
the  same  engineers  and  fireman  that  oper- 
ated the  water  plant  also  operated  the  light- 
ing plant,  and  the  success  of  the  experi- 
ment is  a  very  instructive  lesson  in  the 
municipal  management  of  public  utilities. 

But  it  was  soon  found  that  the  sewer- 
age which  poured  into  the  lake  on  Main 
Street,  about  600  feet  from  the  pumping 
station,  was  threatening  contamination  of 
the  water  supply,  and  it  was  necessary  that 
the  inlet  be  pushed  far  out  into  the  lake. 
By  none  of  the  devices  before  discovered 
could  any  additional  funds  be  secured,  and 
'it  became  a  question  with  South  Evanston 
of  annexation  or  impure  water ;  and  this, 
more  than  any  other  fact,  contributed  to 
the  merging  of  the  two  municipalities. 
Shortly  after  they  were  merged,  the  City  of 
Evanston  was  organized,  with  seven  wards 
and  fourteen  Aldermen. 

Street  Improvements.  —  The  surface 
soil  of  most  of  the  area  upon  which  Evans- 
ton is  built  is  sand,  excepting  the  west  prai- 
rie, where  it  consists  of  a  light  stratum  of 
black  soil  over  blue  clay.  On  the  sandy 
area  the  first  method  of  street-making  was 
confined  to  what  is  known  as  claying  and 
graveling.  Loads  of  blue  clay  from  the 
west  prairie  were  dumped  along  and  spread 


upon  the  street  to  a  depth  of  four  or  five 
inches,  this  being  covered  by  a  layer  of  three 
or  four  inches  of  lake  gravel.  When  the 
rains  fell  the  gravel  worked  itself  into  the 
mud,  and,  for  a  lightly  traveled  street,  it 
was  not  bad.  The  claying  and  graveling  of 
a  strip  twenty  feet  wide  in  the  center  of 
a  street  cost  about  50  cents  per  running 
foot,  and  the  writer  has  a  very  distinct  re- 
collection of  the  clamor  that  was  raised 
when  the  assessment  was  levied  upon  the 
abutting  property  for  this  improvement.  The 
bearing  of  the  burden  of  assessments  is 
purely  a  matter  of  education.  As  the  Irish- 
man said  about  hanging:  it  is  not  so  bad 
when  you  get  used  to  it,  provided  you  do 
not  die  in  the  meantime ;  and  the  same 
property  owners  that  so  bitterly  contested 
the  50  cents  per  running  foot  assessment 
have  since  then  borne  with  the-  greatest 
equanimity  an  assessment  of  three  or  four 
dollars  per  front  foot  for  paving  and  curb- 
ing. 

I  have  a  very  distinct  recollection  of  the 
paving  of  Davis  Street  with  clay  and 
gravel.  The  abutting  owners  desired  that 
there  should  be  plenty  of  clay  put  on ;  so 
they  stood  around  in  the  hot  sun  and 
bossed  the  job,  and  the  contractor  gave 
them  all  they  wanted.  Six  or  eight  inches 
of  it  was  put  on  and  the  gravel  dumped  on 
this,  and,  for  the  next  year  and  a  half,  Davis 
Street  was  a  hog-wallow  during  the  greater 
part  of  the  year.  This  ended  the  era  of  clay 
and  gravel.  The  next  pavement  laid  upon 
Davis  Street  was  macadam.  This  was  not 
found  satisfactory  and  brick  was  laid  upon 
the  macadam.  I  think  the  history  of  the 
paving  of  Davis  Street  illustrates  most 
forcibly  the  expensive  evolution  by  which 
municipalities  are  educated  up  to  the  man- 
agement of  their  affairs.  "Vo.x  populi" 
may  be  "vox  Dei,"  but  it  is  an  exceedingly 
expensive  voice  when  it  comes  to  dealing 
with  business  matters.    I  think  a  careful  in- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


177 


vestigation  will  establish  the  fact  that  gen- 
erally what  the  people  want  in  a  business 
proposition  is  the  thing  they  ought  not  to 
get.  Such  questions  can  not  be  settled  by 
town  meetings.  I  remember  very  distinctly 
when  James  Ayers  attempted  to  pave  Hin- 
man  Avenue.  After  an  immense  amount  of 
oratory,  discussions  back  and  forth,  theories 
and  protests  from  people  who  wanted  the 
street  kept  like  a  country  village  street  and 
who  dreaded  city  improvements,  James 
finally  gave  the  matter  up  and  said  in  his 
opinion  Hinman  Avenue  could  never  be 
paved — that  there  was  "too  much  brains  on 
the  street." 

With  the  advent  of  paved  streets  came 
the  problem  of  providing  for  the  cost  of 
their  maintenance,  and  the  City  of  Evanston 
to-da)',  with  its  increased  area  and  valua- 
tion, finds  itself  in  almost  as  great  financial 
straits  as  the  old  village  of  South  Evanston 
in  its  early  struggles. 

The  wooden  block  pavement  craze  struck 
quite  hard  in  South  Evanston,  and  the  re- 
sult is  miles  of  streets  to  be  repaved  at  the 
expense  of  the  abutting  owners.  Perhaps 
the  best  and  most  durable  pavement  ever 
laid  in  Evanston  is  the  piece  on  Chicago 
Avenue  from  Davis  Street  north.  It  is  of 
brick,  and  has  been  down  ten  years  and  is 
practically  as  smooth  and  good  to-day  as 
when  first  laid.  It  was  laid  by  experts.  It 
consists  of  a  layer  of  sand  with  a  layer  of 
brick  laid  flatwise,  this  being  surmounted 
by  another  layer  of  sand  and  a  layer  of 
brick  laid  edgewise.  The  only  possible  ob- 
jection to  such  a  pavement  is  its  noise. 

Evanston  has  to-day  some  of  the  finest 
macadamized  streets  in  the  country.  Asso- 
ciations have  been  formed  on  quite  a  num- 
ber of  streets  for  their  care  and  mainte- 
nance, and  it  has  been  found  that  a  street 
can  be  kept  clean  and  in  perfect  condition 
for  less  than  the  cost  of  sprinkling  on  the 
individual  plan.    Property  owners  are  grad- 


ually waking  up  to  the  proposition  that  the 
care  of  the  street  in  front  of  abutting  prop- 
erty is  just  as  much  a  duty  on  the  part  of 
the  owner  as  the  care  of  his  front  yard  and 
household  surroundings. 

Evanston  is  shut  in  on  the  south  by  Cal- 
vary Cemetery,  which  extends  from  the  lake 
to  Chicago  Avenue.  Chicago  Avenue  is  an 
extension  of  Clark  Street;  Asbury  Avenue 
an  extension  of  Western  Avenue,  and 
Sheridan  Road  an  extension  in  South  Ev- 
anston of  Ashland  Avenue  in  the  City  of 
Chicago. 

In  the  early  "eos  an  efifort  was  made  by  the 
township    authorities    to    extend    Evanston 
Avenue  through  Calvary  Cemetery,  and  the 
attempt   was   resisted,  vi  et  armis,  by  the 
then  Archbishop.    But  along  in  1887  an  as- 
sociation, known  as  the  North  Shore  Im- 
provement  Association,   was   organized  by 
citizens  along  the  North  Shore  for  the  prin- 
cipal  purpose  of  constructing   a   driveway 
along  the  lake  for  the  use  of  the  shore  towns 
from    Lincoln    Park   north.     So   much   en- 
thusiasm and  public  spirit  was  generated  in 
the  matter  that  Archbishop  Feehan  gener- 
ously donated  a  100-foot  strip  through  Cal- 
vary Cemetery,  and  public-spirited  citizens 
in  Evanston,  headed  by  Mr.  Volney  W.  Fos- 
ter, raised  about  $3,000  to  level  down  the 
sand-hills  and  clay  and  gravel  the  roadway. 
This  opened  up  an  outlet  for  driving  pur- 
poses from  Evanston  to  Chicago. 

Parks  and  Boulevards.  —  The  drive- 
way thus  opened  up  was  known  as  the 
Sheridan  Road.  Except  at  a  few  points  it 
constitutes  a  good  highway  all  the  way 
from  Fort  Sheridan  to  Chicago,  with  por- 
tions in  Lake  Forest  and  Waukegan.  In 
1893  the  passage  of  an  act  of  the  Legis- 
lature was  secured  authorizing  the  forma- 
tion of  park  districts  along  the  shore  of 
Lake  Michigan,  and  vesting  in  such  drs- 
tricts  the  title  to  the  submerged  land.  An 
efifort  was  made  to  organize  such  a  district 


178 


PUBLIC  UTILITIES 


to  include  the  City  of  Evanston,  but  times 
were  hard  and  taxes  were  high,  and  the 
people  could  not  see  their  way  clear  to  es- 
tablish a  new  taxing  municipality.  The 
portion  of  the  West  Side  of  Rogers  Park, 
however,  organized  itself  into  a  district  un- 
der this  law,  and  has  constructed  on  Ridge 
Avenue  a  mile  and  three-quarters  of  the 
finest  driveway  in  or  around  the  city.  This 
little  district  took  this  street  as  a  sand-heap 
and  has  improved  and  beautified  it  in  every 
particular  with  trees,  sod  and  every  requisite 
for  residence  purposes.  Spurred  to  emula- 
tion, the  East  Side  of  Rogers  Park,  after  a 
bitter  contest,  succeeded  in  organizing  an- 
other district,  and  these  people  have  taken 
hold  of  the  Sheridan  Road  on  the  east  side 
and  are  now  duplicating  the  improvements 
made  on  Ridge  Avenue. 

Township  Organization. — An  effort  is 
now  being  made  by  the  City  of  Evanston 
to  abolish  the  useless  and  expensive  town- 
ship organization  system  by  which  the  ter- 
ritory is  burdened.  (As  will  be  seen  by 
the  first  chapter  of  this  work,  relating  to  the 
present  territorial  boundaries  of  the  City  of 
Evanston,  the  object  just  mentioned  has 
been  accomplished  by  the  organization  of 
the  territory  embraced  within  the  City  of 
Evanston  into  a  single  township  under  the 
name  of  "Ridgeville,"  with  boundaries  iden- 
tical with  those  of  the  city.)  The  territory 
embraced  within  the  City  of  Evanston  pre- 
viously included  portions  of  three  town- 
ships, and  each  of  these  townships  olaced 
a  different  valuation  on  property.  The  re- 
sult was  that  a  lot  on  one  side  of  McDaniel 
Street,  in  North  Evanston,  bore  50  per 
cent  more  of  all  the  burden  of  taxation  than 
a  lot  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  street  in 
the  township  of  Niles,  equally  well  situated. 
Moreover,  the  city  was  burdened  with  three 
sets  of  Highway  Commissioners :  three  sets 
of  Assessors ;  three  sets  of  Collectors,  and 
three  sets  of  Town  Clerks,  necessitating  an 


immense  amount  of  bookkeeping.  These 
Highway  Commissioners  were  vested  with 
taxing  powers  equal  to  about  one-half  of 
the  taxing  power  of  the  municipality  itself, 
with  a  provision  that  one-half  of  all  the 
money  raised  in  the  area  of  the  City  of 
Evanston  must  be  expended  on  the  farm  ter- 
ritory outside  of  the  city  limits.  The  whole 
method  of  township  organization,  as  it  ex- 
isted in  the  City  of  Evanston.  was  one  of  the 
most  outrageous  illustrations  of  municipal 
mismanagement  that  could  be  well  devised. 
The  consolidation  alluded  to — which  was 
accomplished  imder  an  act  of  the  Legis- 
lature passed  in  1903 — has  resulted  in  the 
abolition  of  the  useless  offices  of  Highway 
Commissioner,  Town  Clerk  and  Town  Col- 
lector, and  the  consolidation  of  the  town- 
ship business  with  the  city  business,  as  well 
as  the  abolition  of  township  elections  on  a 
separate  day.  As  a  result  of  this  change 
greater  economy  will  be  secured  and  the 
City  of  Evanston  will  be  enabled  to  or- 
ganize itself  into  a  park  district  under  the 
law  of  1893,  and  it  will  also  be  in  position 
to  take  possession  of  the  submerged  land 
on  the  lake  front,  with  a  view  of  establish- 
ing, in  the  future,  parks  and  drives  along 
the  whole  shore.  No  man  with  an  atom  of 
prevision  can  fail  to  see  the  great  possibili- 
ties of  such  a  right  to  the  city.  Of  course, 
to  attempt  to  fill  in  the  great  areas  of  this 
submerged  land  under  previous  conditions 
would  have  meant  bankruptcy  to  the  city. 
The  money  heretofore  spent  under  the  com- 
plicated township  organization,  if  spent  in 
this  direction,  would  have  added  immensely 
to  the  future  prosperity  and  beauty  of  the 
city.  Under  the  new  arrangement  rights 
and  property  can  be  secured  at  the  cost  of  a 
few  hundreds  of  dollars  that,  ten  years 
hence,  would  have  cost  thousands.  The 
best  illustration  of  this  is  the  history  of  the 
little  park  in  South  Evanston  heretofore 
narrated.  What  was  then  secured  for  $1,600 


OuU^f^eCtA  yr&fcJTyaZian^-S^^ 


DGEVILLE 
OWNSHIP 
1851 

orlimi  of  Map  |iiililislieil  In. J.  II.  Ri'i's. 


pfrmission  of  the 
Chicago   Historical  Society. 


ij^eville  Towii.-^hip  was  organized 
ril  1,  185(1.  eiiilu-aritif^  wlial  was 
lerwards  Lake  View  Tnwnsliip. 
he  name  wast'liaii»ie(1  loEvaiistoii 
owiishii*  Fell.  17,  ls57,  autl  at  (lie 
.aiiie  time  llie  smilheni  portion 
was  fletat'herl  ami  formed  into 
the  Township  of  Lake  View. 

On  the  1st  of  January  l':;02, 

the   name  w'as  a^ain    chatif^ed 

from   Evanston    to   Kid^ieville 

Township,    the    limits    heins: 

identical   wilh  those    of    the 

City  of  Kvanston. 


v\\\\ 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


179 


would  probably  now  cost  from  twenty  to 
thirty  thousand  dollars. 

Transportation. — About  the  time  of 
the  incorporation  of  the  Village  of  Evans- 
ton,  along  in  1856  or  1858,  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  Railroad  was  completed  be- 
tween Chicago  and  Milwaukee,  and  a  sub- 
urban service  was  installed  and  carried  on 
upon  a  single  track  until  along  about  1885, 
when  the  present  double-track  service  was 
installed.  In  1864  a  corporation  consisting 
of  Orrington  Lunt,  John  Evans  and  some 
other  persons,  was  created  under  the  title 
of  the  Chicago  &  Evanston  Railroad  Com- 
pany. The  object  of  the  scheme  was  to  con- 
struct a  horse  or  steam  road  from  the  City 
of  Evanston  to  the  City  of  Chicago,  the  in- 
tention being  to  connect  about  Fullerton 
Avenue  with  the  horse  cars.  The  road  got 
no  farther  than  some  rights  along  the  river 
up  to  Fullerton  Avenue,  and  it  then  slum- 
bered under  the  blanket  of  an  injunction 
until  along  in  1887,  when  it  was  revived 
and  pushed  to  completion  up  to  Calvary 
Cemetery,  and  a  new  corporation  was  then 
organized  known  as  the  Chicago,  Evanston 
&  Lake  Superior  Railroad  Company,  which 
obtained  rights  to  construct  the  road 
through  South  Evanston  and  Evanston.  The 
road  soon  after  came  vmder  the  control  of 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Com- 
pany, which  was  then  looking  for  another 
entrance  into  the  city,  its  lease  over  the  Pan- 
handle being  about  to  expire.  The  property 
was  bought  for  this  purpose,  but  its  use 
was  not  needed  and  it  has  been  operated 
since  as  a  local  line,  with  very  little  profit 
to  the  company. 

In  1892  the  writer,  D.  H.  Louderback, 
and  John  L.  Cockran  organized  a  company 
known  as  the  Chicago  &  North  Shore  Street 
Railway  Company  to  construct  a  street  rail- 
way line  from  Evanston  to  Chicago.  The 
installation  of  this  service  in  Evanston  was 
very  bitterly  contested  by  many  of  the  resi- 
dents, who  claimed  they  had  come  out  to 


Evanston  to  get  away  from  this  sort  of 
thing :  but  it  was  pointed  out  to  them  that, 
with  the  growth  of  the  City  of  Chicago,  in 
order  to  get  away  from  it,  it  would  be  nec- 
essary to  get  farther  out  than  tw-elve  miles 
from  the  center  of  the  city.  One  resident 
was  particularly  solicitous  about  the  effect 
of  this  innovation  upon  the  Lord's  day.  He 
afterward  agreed,  however,  that  in  consid- 
eration of  $1,500  he  would  withdraw  his 
opposition  and  leave  the  Lord  to  take  care 
of  his  own  day.  The  $1,500  was  not  paid. 
The  road  was  finally  installed  and  has 
proved  a  very  fair  success,  and  it  is  be- 
lieved to  be  a  benefit  to  the  people  of  the 
city. 

The  City  of  Evanston  is  now  anxious  to 
get  some  benefit  from  the  construction  of 
the  Northwestern  Elevated.  The  present 
service  is  not  satisfactory  on  account  of  its 
slowness  and  the  necessity  for  transfers. 
When  the  road  was  completed  it  was  ex- 
pected that  the  St.  Paul  would  make  some 
traffic  arrangement  by  which  a  connection 
could  be  secured  with  the  elevated  by  an 
incline,  and  its  cars  could  pass  without 
transfer  from  Evanston  down  into  the  city 
over  the  express  tracks  of  the  elevated.  Ne- 
gotiations up  to  the  present  time  have  not 
resulted  in  the  success  of  such  a  scheme ; 
but  it  is  so  much  to  the  interest  of  all  par- 
ties concerned  that  it  can  be  safely  assured 
that  this  plan  will  finally  be  carried  out,  and 
that  the  St.  Paul  line  will  be  equipped  with 
electricity  and  operated  in  connection  with 
the  Northwestern  Elevated  to  Evanston.  If 
such  an  equipment  were  made,  and  stops 
made  at  frequent  intervals  through  the  city, 
with  an  express  service  from  the  city  down 
over  the  elevated  without  any  stop,  say  to 
Kinzie  Street,  and  a  frequent  service  given 
with  a  ten-cent  fare,  it  is  believed  that  the 
building  boom  that  has  set  in  at  the  terminus 
of  the  elevated  would  extend  up  along  the 
shore  and  include  the  Citv  of  Evanston. 


i8o 


PUBLIC   UTILITIES 


A  line  leaving  this  main  line  at  Oakton 
Avenue  and  going  west  to  Asbury,  and 
along  on  Asbury,  Florence  and  Ashland, 
and  along  the  Northwestern  up  through  to 
Gross  Point,  would  bring  a  large  area  of 
the  City  of  Evanston,  which  is  now  remote 
from  depots,  into  close  touch  with  the  city 
by  the  very  best  kind  of  service,  provided 
the  cars  were  carried  through  without  trans- 
fer over  the  elevated  down  into  the  city.  A 
trolley  line  from  Evanston  to  Waukegan 
has  been  installed,  and  a  branch  line  leaving 
this  line  at  Lake  Blufif  is  now  being  built 
across  to  Libertyville,  with  the  intention 
of  being  pushed  into  the  Fox  Lake  region. 
When  this  line  is  completed  it  will  certainly 
be  the  greatest  pleasure  riding  and  picnic 
line  around  Chicago,  and  the  people  of 
Evanston  will  be  put  in  close  connection 
with  some  of  the  most  beautiful  country 
around  Chicago. 

Gas  and  Electric  Lighting. — At  a  very 
early  day  in  the  history  of  Evanston,  Edwin 
Lee  Brown,  one  of  the  city's  public-  spirited 
citizens,  organized  a  company  known  as  the 
Northwestern  Gas  Light  and  Coke  Com- 
pany, and  started  a  gas  plant.  Pipes  were 
laid  to  the  principal  buildings  in  the  village. 
This  plant  has  now  been  finally  merged  with 
the  People's  Gas  Company  of  Chicago  and 
gas  rates  run  about  the  same  as  they  do  in 
the  city,  and  the  service  has  been  extended 
practically  over  the  whole  city  of  Evanston. 

Another  corporation  was  organized  by 
some  of  the  citizens  of  Evanston  eight  or 
ten  years  ago  for  the  purpose  of  furnishing 
electric  light  to  the  then  village  of  Evan- 
ston, known  as  the  Evanston  Illuminating 
Company,  and  it  has  done  for  the  City  of 
Evanston  what  has  not  been  done  for  any 
other  city  of  its  size  in  the  United  States, 
namely :  put  most  of  its  wires  underground. 
Its  franchise  for  the  use  of  the  streets  runs 
for  about  seventeen  years,  and  it  has  a  con- 
tract with  the  City  of  Evanston  for  public 
lighting  running  about  ten  years. 


Heating  System. — A  couple  of  years  ago 
a  corporation  was  organized  by  Mr.  Yaryan, 
of  Toledo,  Ohio,  known  as  the  Evanston 
Yaryan  Company,  and  a  franchise  secured 
for  furnishing  heat  by  hot  water  carried 
through  pipes  connected  with  the  houses. 
Recently  a  plant  has  been  constructed  and 
the  service  extended  to  about  two  hundred 
houses  with  the  most  gratifying  results. 
Ashes,  smoke  and  coal  dust  are  eliminated 
from  the  home,  and  heat  is  furnished  at  a 
rate  less  than  the  actual  cost  of  coal  for 
private  heating.  It  is  very  generally  ad- 
mitted that  this  single  improvement  adds 
fully  twenty-five  per  cent  to  the  value  of 
property  thereby  benefited  for  residence. 
If  any  man  is  going  to  build  a  home  he 
would  be  willing  to  pay  that  much  more, 
provided  he  could  secure  this  service ;  and 
the  demand  is  spreading  all  over  the  city  for 
the  extension  of  the  same. 

Telephone  Service. — The  Chicago  Tel- 
ephone Company  has  extended  its  service 
into  Evanston  and  erected  a  very  beautiful 
building  on  Chicago  Avenue,  just  south  of 
Davis  Street,  for  its  ofiices.  The  local 
charge  for  residences  is  very  reasonable,  and 
the  service  has  been  found  extremely  satis- 
factory. 

As  has  already  been  suggested,  the  terri- 
tory embraced  within  the  limits  of  the  City 
of  Evanston  is  capable  of  furnishing  com- 
fortable homes  with  plenty  of  air-space  for 
about  1 00,000  people.  There  is  no  reason 
why  this  city  should  not  be  a  model  one. 
The  problems  of  municipal  government  and 
management  are  live  ones,  and  some  of  the 
best  thought  of  the  country  is  devoting 
itself  to  their  solution.  Perhaps  nowhere 
could  be  found  a  more  ideal  spot  or  a  better 
environment  for  the  practical  solution  of 
many  of  these  problems,  and  the  residents 
of  the  City  of  Evanston  are  of  a  class  to 
lend  themselves  readily  to  assisting  along 
these  lines. 


« 


CHAPTER   XXI. 


WATER  SUPPLY— LIGHTING  SYSTEM 

(By  THOMAS  BATES) 


Conditions  Prior  to  18/4 — First  Move  for 
an  Adequate  Water  Supply — Charles  J. 
Gilbert  Leader  in  the  Movement — Holly 
Engines  Installed  in  18/4  and  1886— 
Annexation  of  South  Evanston — The 
Consolidated  City  Incorporated  in  i8()2 — ■ 
Increase  in  the  Water  Supply  in  i8p/ — 
Source  of  Supply — Revenue — Extent  of 
System — Street  Lighting  by  Gas  Intro- 
duced in  i8yi — Introduction  of  Electric 
Lighting  in  i8go — Installation  of  the 
Evanston-Yaryan  Light  and 
S\steni. 


Heating 


Prior  to  1874  the  supply  of  water  used 
by  the  citizens  of  Evanston  was  procured 
from  their  own  private  wells  and  cisterns. 
However,  for  two  years  before  that  time, 
the  \'illage  P)oard  of  the  then  \'illage  of 
Evanston  had  been  considering  and  discus- 
sing the  possibility  of  a  more  satisfactory 
means  of  furnishing  the  people  with  water, 
but,  as  it  involved  the  building  of  a  water- 
works plant,  putting  down  sewers  and 
water-pipes  and  the  purchase  of  an  engine, 
it  involved  an  expense  which,  to  some  of  the 
learned  fathers  of  that  time,  was  appalling. 

Leader  in  the  Movement  for  an  Im- 
proved Water  Supply. — The  man  who  was 
most  active  and  persistent  in  his  fight  for 
the  establishment  of  a  water-plant  was 
Charles  J.  Gilbert,  who  has,  ever  since  that 
time,  been  known  as  the  father  of  the  Evan- 


ston Water- Works.  He  not  only  gave  lib- 
erally of  his  time,  but  also  contributed  lib- 
erally of  his  private  means  in  traveling 
about  the  country  for  the  purpose  of  ascer- 
taining the  best  system,  the  best  engines  and 
the  best  sort  of  plant  for  the  village,  and,  in 
1874,  the  first  engine  and  pumping  station 
were  installed. 

The  engine  was  named  the  "C.  J.  Gilbert." 
It  is  a  quadroduplex  Holly  engine,  with  a 
rated  capacity  of  2,000,000  gallons  per  day ; 
but  after  it  was  installed  and,  in  cases  of 
emergency,  it  pumped  in  the  neighborhood 
of  3.000,000  gallons  per  day.  This  engine 
is  still  running  and  in  good  condition,  and  it 
is  a  somewhat  remarkable  fact  that  Samuel 
B.  Penney,  who  was  installed  as  second 
engineer  of  the  Evanston  Water-Works  in 
1874,  is  still  in  charge  of  them,  and  has 
been  in  the  continuous  service  of  the  village 
and  city  successively  since  the  old  "C.  J. 
Gilbert"  pumped  the  first  gallon  of  water. 

This  engine  was  run  for  seventeen  years, 
night  and  day,  and  during  those  seventeen 
years  it  ran  on  an  average  of  23.7  hours 
out  of  each  24  for  the  entire  time. 

The  largest  amount  of  water  ever  pumped 
in  one  day  during  the  year  1875  was  656,- 
918  gallons,  and  for  the  entire  month  of 
May.  1876,  there  was  pumped  6,636,448 
gallons  in  the  thirty-one  days.  As  com- 
pared with  this  record,  it  may  be  said  that, 
on  August  8,    1900,  the  amount  of  water 


181 


182 


WATER  SUPPLY— LIGHTING  SYSTEM 


pumped  in  one  day  at  the  Evanston  pump- 
ing station  was  10,156,132  gallons,  almost 
one-third  more  than  was  pumped  for  the  en- 
tire month  of  May,   1876. 

The  Cost — Second  Engine  Installed  in 
1886. — The  cost  of  the  first  Holly  engine 
bought  in  Evanston,  together  with  boiler, 
was  $24,000.  In  the  year  1886  it  became 
apparent  to  the  authorities  of  the  then  Mi- 
lage of  Evanston,  that  the  engine  which 
had  run  night  and  day  since  1875  was,  in  its 
capacity,  inadequate  for  the  wants  of  the 
people,  and  thereupon,  after  the  usual  in- 
vestigation, consideration  and  discussion,  a 
second  Holly  engine  was  purchased,  of  the 
Gaskill  type,  and,  in  the  year  1888,  it  was 
installed  with  a  rated  capacity  of  5,000,000 
gallons  a  day,  which,  under  pressure,  could 
be  increased  to  5,500,000  per  day. 

It  is  a  little  remarkable  that,  upon  the 
installation  of  this  second  engine,  the  then 
Milage  Pioard  of  Trustees  were  divided  as 
to  whether  they  should  throw  out  the  first 
engine  or  sell  it  for  what  they  could  get, 
upon  the  theory  that  this  second  engine, 
with  a  5,000,000  gallons  capacity,  would  be 
sufficient  for  the  needs  of  the  village  for  the 
next  twenty  years.  It  was,  however,  finally 
decided  to  retain  the  first  engine  for  a  time 
at  least,  and  the  wisdom  of  this  decision  was 
shown  by  the  fact  that,  in  less  than  three 
years,  the  second  engine  was  found  inad- 
equate, and  from  that  time  until  the  year 
1896,  the  water  required  at  times  taxed  the 
full  capacity  of  both  engines. 

Annexation  of  South  Evanston. — A  few- 
years  after  the  installation  of  the  second 
engine,  the  Village  of  South  Evanston  was 
annexed  to  Evanston,  and  one  month  later 
(March,  1892),  the  consolidated  village  was 
incorporated  as  the  City  of  Evanston.  Prior 
to  the  annexation  of  the  Village  of  South 
Evanston,  it  had  received  its  water  supply 
largely  from  an  artesian  well ;  but  after  the 
annexation,  the  water-mains  were  extended 


or  connected  with  the  mains  of  the  City  of 
Evanston,  and  it  then  became  apparent  that 
the  capacity  of  the  engines  was  insufficient 
to  supply  the  needs  of  the  people,  and,  there- 
fore, in  1896  the  City  Council  of  Evanston 
took  into  consideration  the  question  of  the 
purchase  of  another  engine  to  meet  the  in- 
creased demand. 

Third  Engine  Installed  in  1897.— Great 
diversity  of  opinion  arose  in  the  minds  of 
the  Aldermen  composing  the  City  Council 
as  to  what  kind  of  an  engine  was  best  fitted 
for  the  purpose.  The  discussion  at  times 
was  bitter  and  personal,  but  it  resulted  in 
the  purchase,  in  1897,  and  the  installation  of 
another  Holly  engine,  of  the  Decrow  type, 
with  a  pumping  capacity  of  12,000,000  to 
14,000,000  gallons  per  day.  This  last  men- 
tioned engine,  up  to  this  time,  has  been 
found  fully  adequate  to  supply  the  needs 
of  the  citv.  The  second  engine,  without  any 
boilers  or  fittings,  cost  about  $12,000.  and 
the  third  engine,  together  with  foundations 
and  such  fittings  as  were  necessary,  cost 
about  $35,000. 

The  supply  of  water  to  these  engines  is 
procured  through  two  in-take  pipes,  the  first 
being  16  inches  in  diameter,  which  was  laid 
on  the  bed  of  the  lake  in  1875,  and  which 
extends  out  1,200  feet  from  the  shore.  In 
1889,  this  in-take  pipe  being  found  insuf- 
ficient, another  in-take  pipe  30  inches  in 
diameter  was  laid  on  the  bottom  of  the  lake, 
extending  out  2,600  feet  to  a  submerged 
crib,  and  it  is  through  this  latter  pipe  that 
all  of  the  water  pumped  for  the  City  of 
Evanston  is  received,  except  in  summer 
time,  when  much  water  is  used  for  the 
sprinkling  of  lawns,  and  then  both  pipes  are 
necessary  to  supply  the  demand. 

Much  inconvenience  has  been  experienced 
in  the  coldest  weather  of  the  winter  months, 
from  what  is  known  as  anchor  or  slush  ice, 
which  sinks  and  accumulates  about  the 
openings  of  the  submerged  cribs  and  clogs 


I 


GROSS  POINT  LIGHTHOUSE 

Sheridan  Road  and  Central  Street 
Tower  completed  June  30.  1873.     Light  exhibited  Spring  of  iS;j 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


i8.^ 


the  flow  of  water,  and  many  expedients  have 
been  resorted  to  in  order  to  overcome  this 
difficulty,  none  of  which,  however,  have  been 
entirely  successful.  With  a  view  to  accom- 
plishing this  object,  within  the  past  year, 
connections  have  been  made  with  the  mains 
of  Rogers  Park  and  the  City  of  Chicago,  by 
which,  in  case  of  emergency,  the  valves  may 
be  opened  and  the  supply  of  water,  if  cut 
of?  by  anchor  ice,  may  be  obtained  from  the 
mains  of  the  City  of  Chicago  through 
Rogers  Park.  At  the  present  time  the  ques- 
tion of  a  tunnel  out  under  the  surface  of 
the  lake  is  being  agitated  and  seriously  con- 
sidered for  the  purpose  of,  at  all  times, 
securing  an  adequate  supply. 

At  the  present  time  the  City  of  Evanston 
is  also  furnishing  to  the  \'illage  of  Wil- 
mette  its  supply  of  water. 

The  pressure  upon  the  mains  on  an  aver- 
age is  40  pounds  to  the  square  inch,  which 
can  be  raised  to  80  pounds  to  the  square  inch 
in  case  of  fire.  The  coal  consumed  in  the 
year   iqoi   was  2,000  tons. 

Income — Extent  of  System. — The  rev- 
enue received  from  water-tax  in  1901  was 
$65,000,  which  does  not  include  the  water 
permits ;  including  the  water  permits,  the 
total  receipts  of  the  Water  Department  for 
the  year  1901  was  about  $70,000.  It,  per- 
haps, would  not  be  advisable  to  state  how 
much  of  this  $70,000  is  clear  profit  to  the 
city,  but  it  may  be  sufficient  to  add  that, 
whilst  the  water-tax  in  the  city  is  not  higher 
than  that  of  other  cities — in  fact,  is  con- 
siderably less  than  the  water-tax  of  many 
cities — still  the  Evanston  water-works 
plant,  today,  is  proving  an  exceedingly 
profitable  investment  for  the  city. 

The  water,  for  which  this  $70,000  is  paid, 
is  distributed  to  the  citizens  of  Evanston 
through  sixty-one  miles  of  water-mains. 
The  supply  is  abundant.  No  restrictions  are 
placed  upon  the  citizens  in  regard  to  lawn 
sprinkling,  and  the  beautiful  trees  and  lawns 


of  the  city  bear  witness  to  the  fact  that  the 
water-plant  of  Evanston,  today,  is  a  decided 
success. 

Lighting. — Prior  to  1871  a  few  smoky, 
flickering  oil-lamps  were  the  only  guide 
which  an  Evanston  citizen  had  at  night  to 
aid  him  in  keeping  out  of  the  mud  and  the 
ditches  of  the  unpaved  and  unsewered 
streets ;  but  it  was  during  this  year  that 
the  Northwestern  Gas-Light  &  Coke  Com- 
pany erected  a  small  plant  and  furnished 
to  a  very  limited  number  a  substitute  for  the 
oil-lamps  in  the  form  of  gas.  It  was  nearly 
five  years  after  this,  however,  before  gas 
street-lamps  came  into  anything  like  gen- 
eral use. 

Evanston  then,  as  now,  was  a  city  of 
homes.  The  people  who  settled  there  de- 
sired large  lawns  and  plenty  of  room.  A 
comparatively  few  people  covered  a  large 
area,  and  to  light  efifectively  all  the  streets 
with  gas  involved  an  expenditure  which  was 
out  of  all  proportion  to  the  number  of  in- 
habitants who  derived  the  benefit ;  and, 
therefore,  it  was  not  until  about  the  year 
1890  that  an  Evanston  citizen  could  boast 
that  his  town  was  well  lighted.  Indeed,  it 
was  not  until  about  the  year  1895  that  the 
lighting  of  the  streets  of  the  city  could  be 
said  to  be  entirely  satisfactory. 

Evanston  Electric  Illuminating  Com- 
pany.— In  the  year  1890  the  Evanston 
Electric  Illuminating  Company  built  its 
plant  in  Evanston,  and,  within  one  year 
after  that  plant  was  established,  it  entered 
into  a  contract  with  the  City  of  Evanston 
to  supply  arc-lights  of  2,000-candle  power 
at  the  rate  of  $83.75  ^^ch  per  year,  under 
what  was  known  as  the  Philadelphia  Moon- 
light Schedule. 

In  the  month  of  July,  1895,  the  city 
entered  into  a  contract  with  the  Evanston 
Electric  Illuminating  Company  by  which  it 
was  agreed  that  the  latter  should  furnish 
arc-lights  of  2,000-candle  power  at  a  yearly 


i84 


WATER  SUPPLY— LIGHTING  SYSTEM 


cost  of  $65  per  light,  which  contract  pro- 
vided that,  at  the  end  of  five  years,  tlie 
ilkiminating  company  should  have  the  right 
to  raise  the  price  to  $67.50  per  light. 

The  five-year  contract  expired  in  July, 
1900,  but  in  the  spring  of  igoo  the  Evan- 
ston-Yaryan  Company  applied  to  the  City 
Council  for  an  ordinance  permitting  them 
to  establish  an  electric  light  and  heating 
plant,  and  it  was  represented  by  the  latter 
company  that,  by  combining  the  two  and 
furnishing  both  light  and  heat  to  the  cit- 
izens, they  would  be  able  to  furnish  electric 
light  at  a  greatly  reduced  price. 

The  ordinance  for  which  the  new  com- 
pany petitioned  was  granted  by  the  Coun- 
cil, and  the  Evanston-Yaryan  Company  at 
once  entered  into  competition  with  the 
Evanston  Electric  Illuminating  Company 
for  the  street  lighting  contract,  the  result  of 
which  was  that  the  City  Council  were 
enabled  to  make  and  close  a  contract  with 
the  Evan.ston  Electric  Illuminating  Com- 
pany, by  which  the  latter  agreed  to  furnish 
arc -lamps  for  lighting  the  streets  of  Evan- 
ston at  $60  per  light  of  2,000-candle  power, 
for  a  period  of  ten  years,  upon  a  schedule 
much  more  liberal  than  that  known  as  the 
Philadelphia  Moon-light  Schedule.  LTnder 
this  contract  the  City  of  Evanston  is  now 
paying  for  273  lights  at  an  aggregate  cost 
of  $16,380.00  per  year. 

Yaryan  Light  and  Heating  System. — 
The  Evanston-Yaryan  Company  erected  its 
light  and  heat  plant  in  the  year  1900.  It 
experienced  great  difficulty  in  securing  per- 
mits for  the  extension  of  its  wires,  the  re- 
sult being  that  it  was  able  to  furnish  elec- 
tric light  only  to  a  comparatively  small 
number  of  consumers ;  but  it  immediately 
placed  its  mains  in  the  central  portion  of  the 
city  for  the  furnishing  of  heat  by  means  of 
hot  water,  which  was  pumped  through  those 
mains  and  into  the  houses  from  force  pumps 
located  in  the  central  plant.    In  the  summer 


or  fall  of  1902  it  consolidated  its  electric 
plant  with  the  Evanston  Electric  Illumi- 
nating Company,  and,  at  the  present  time, 
the  electric  lighting  of  Evanston  is  again 
controlled  by  one  corporation. 

The  franchise  granted  by  the  City  Council 
of  Evanston  to  the  Evanston-Yaryan  Com- 
pany fixed  a  limit  upon  the  price  that  it 
might  charge  for  furnishing  heat  to  con- 
sumers, and  in  the  summer  of  1902  the  com- 
pany complained  to  the  City  Council  that, 
under  the  limit  thus  fixed,  it  was  unable  to 
furnish  heat  upon  a  paying  basis ;  and,  in 
fact,  it  complained  that  it  was  running  its 
plant  at  a  loss.  Thereupon,  in  September, 
1902,  further  concessions  were  granted  to 
the  company  by  the  City  Council,  under 
which  it  is  now  running  its  heating  plant, 
and  by  reason  of  which  it  is  enabled  to 
secure  a  higher  price  for  the  heat  furnished 
to  consumers. 

There  can  be  no  question  that  the  heat 
thus  furnished  is  ideal  and  very  satisfactory 
to  the  consumers ;  but  the  question  remains 
whether  the  Evanston-Yaryan  Company 
will  be  enabled  to  furnish  heat  to  its  patrons 
at  a  price  which  they  can  afford  to  pay.  In 
other  words,  the  present  prices  charged  are 
something  in  e.xcess  of  what  it  would  cost 
the  consumer  to  heat  his  premises  with  a 
plant  of  his  own.  However,  whilst  this 
plant  may  be  said  to  be  now  in  an  experi- 
mental state,  there  can  be  no  question  that 
the  furnishing  heat  from  a  central  plant  is 
coming  more  largely  into  favor  every  year, 
and  it  is  therefore  predicted  that  the  heat- 
ing plant  erected  by  the  Evanston-Yaryan 
Company  is  now,  and  hereafter  will  be,  a 
success. 

It  is  claimed  by  this  company  that  it  can 
furnish  heat  to  residents  living  a  mile  from 
its  central  plant,  the  hot  water  being  forced 
out  through  pipes  that  are  protected  from 
the  influence  of  the  cold  and  returned  by 
other    pipes    to   the   central    heating   plant. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


185 


where  the  water  is  again  heated  to  a  high 
temperature  and  again  forced  out  through 
the  pipes  to  the  consumers.  But  whilst  the 
company  claims  that  it  can  heat  buildings  a 
mile  from  its  plant,  still  it  is  doubtful 
whether  the  heat  can  be  profitably  furnished 
to  buildings  situated  three-quarters  of  a 
mile  away. 

It  is  estimated  that  the  Evanston-Yaryan 
Company  are,  at  this  time,  supplying  heat 
to  about  250  consumers,  and,  from  the  re- 


ports received,  it  is  fair  to  assume  that  but 
few  of  those  consumers  would  be  willing 
to  go  back  to  the  old  system  of  heating,  even 
though  the  expense  of  the  hot-water  heat 
from  the  Yaryan  plant  is  somewhat  greater 
than  would  be  the  cost  of  heating  their 
buildings  by  the  old  process. 

In  conclusion,  it  may  be  said  today  that, 
in  the  matter  of  water  supply  and  in  city 
lighting,  there  are  few,  if  any,  cities  more 
fortunate  than  the  citv  of  Evanston. 


CHAPTER    XXII. 


EDUCATION 

(By  PROF.  HENRY  L.  BOLTWOOD,  late  Principal  Township  High  School) 


The  Public  Schools  of  Evanston — Day  of 
the  Log  School  House — Early  Schools  and 
their  Teachers — Sacrifice  of  School  Land 
— Present  School  Buildings — Tozvnship 
High  School — Preliminary  History — 
— School  Opened  in  September,  i88s — 
Prof.  Boltivood  its  First  Principal — 
Present  School  Building — Manual  Train- 
ing— A  Mimic  Presidential  Election — 
Draiving  Department— List  of  Trustees. 

The  earliest  records  of  Evanston  public 
schools  begin  with  May  9,  1846.  This  was 
about  eleven  years  before  the  existing  school 
laws  of  Illinois  were  framed.  In  those  days 
the  Township  Trustees  constituted  the 
Board  of  Education,  unless  more  than  one 
district  existed  in  the  township.  These 
trustees  were  appointed  by  the  County 
Commissioners.  The  trustees  of  Township 
41  North,  Range  14  East,  in  1846,  were  E. 
Bennett  and  O.  Munn,  Jr.,  with  George 
M.  Huntoon,  Secretary  and  Treasurer. 

Prior  to  the  above  date,  a  log  school- 
house  had  been  erected,  probably  by  private 
subscription,  on  the  northwest  corner  of 
Ridge  Avenue  and  Greenleaf  Street,  on  a 
lot  which  Henry  Clark  had  deeded  to  the 
township  for  school  and  cemetery  purposes. 
A  private  or  subscription  school  had  been 
maintained  as  early  as  1844.  The  first 
teacher  employed  was  a  Mrs.  Marshall,  who 
taught   at   first   in    a   cooper   shop    on    the 


Ridge  road,  nearly  opposite  the  residence  of 
the  late  Ozro  Crain.  The  log  school-house 
occupied  in  1846  was  probably  built  in  1845. 
One  of  its  logs  is  now  in  the  Central  school 
at  South  Evanston.  It  seems  to  have 
needed  repairs  in  1846. 

Before  1857,  public  schools  in  Illinois 
were  not  free  schools.  The  public  funds 
derived  from  the  State  and  from  the  income 
of  the  school  lands  were  not  ample  enough 
to  maintain  school  except  for  a  brief  time. 
Teachers  kept  a  schedule  of  attendance, 
and  all  the  expenses  for  fuel,  repairs  and 
teachers'  wages,  were  distributed  among 
the  parents  of  the  several  pupils  in  propor- 
tion to  the  number  of  days  of  attendance, 
regardless  of  property.  The  poorest  man  in 
the  district  might  be  called  upon  to  pay  the 
heaviest  tax.  This  was  the  case  in  Connec- 
ticut as  late  as  1853.  Parents  were  also 
required  to  board  the  teacher  a  certain  num- 
ber of  days,  according  to  the  number  of 
pupils  sent  from  their  family.  This  "board- 
ing 'round"  was  the  rule,  and  not  the  ex- 
ception, in  New  England  in  those  days,  and 
is  occasionally  to  be  found  even  now.  In 
case  of  a  refusal  to  board  the  teacher,  the 
teacher  might,  after  due  notice,  select  a 
boarding  place,  and  the  board-bill  could  be 
legally  collected  of  the  recusant  family.  The 
per  diem  rates  do  not  appear  in  the  school 
records,  but  from  tuition  bills  iii  the  posses- 
sion of  some  of  the  old  residents,  they  varied 


187 


i88 


EDUCATION 


from  three-fourths  of  a  cent  to  six  cents, 
according  to  the  number  of  pupils  or  the 
wages  of  the  teacher. 

The  first  teacher  employed  by  the  Trus- 
tees of  the  Evanston  District  was  Miss  Cor- 
neHa  Wheadon,  daughter  of  the  well-known 
"Father  Wheadon."  Miss  Wheadon  now 
Mrs.  C.  A.  Churcher,  is  still  living  (1903) 
at  2044  Sherman  Avenue.  She  was  engaged 
at  a  salary  of  $1.25  per  week — very  fair 
wages  for  the  time.  A  motion  was  made  at 
the  board  meeting  to  repair  the  school- 
house  and  to  purchase  a  water-pail  and 
dipper.    The  repairs  were  voted  down. 

Pupils  who  lived  along  Chicago  and  Hin- 
man  Avenue,  then  known  as  the  East  Ridge, 
were  sometimes  unable  to  cross  to  the 
school-house  except  in  boats  or  on  rafts, 
on  account  of  the  deep  water.  Ozro  Crain 
shot  wild  ducks,  and  occasionally  a  deer, 
about  where  Crain  Street  crosses  Benson 
Avenue,  just  south  of  the  present  high 
school  building.  Before  Miss  Wheadon, 
Elmira  Burroughs  (Mrs.  Palmer),  and  a 
Mr.  T.  H.  Ballard  taught.  Miss  Wheadon 
had  also  taught  five  weeks  before  her  re- 
corded engagement,  and  was  allowed  six 
shillings  a  week  for  her  services. 

Miss  H.  W.  Barnes  succeeded  Miss 
Wheadon.  She  was  married  to  Sylvester 
Hill,  and  continued  to  teach  after  marriage. 
Her  wages  were  two  dollars  a  week.  In  the 
winter  of  1846  nine  cords  of  wood  were 
required  to  warm  the  little  one-room 
school-house. 

School  Funds. — In  the  famous  Ordin- 
ance of  1787,  Congress  declared  that 
"schools  and  the  means  of  education  shall 
be  forever  encouraged,"  but  did  not  specify 
how  this  should  be  done.  But  when,  in 
1818,  Congress  passed  the  act  enabling  the 
people  of  Illinois  to  form  a  State  Constitu- 
tion, it  was  provided  that  Section  16  in 
every  township  should  be  granted  to  the 
State  for  the  use  of  the  inhabitants  of  such 


township  for  the  support  of  schools.  In  case 
that  Section  16  had  already  been  disposed 
of,  other  lands  equivalent  thereto,  and  as 
contiguous  as  may  be,  were  to  be  granted. 
The  State  Constitutional  Convention  ac- 
cepted this  provision. 

But  as  Evanston  is  only  a  small  fraction 
of  the  west  side  of  a  township  whose  legal 
designation  is  41  North,  Range  14  East, 
Section  16  is  under  the  lake.  To  provide 
for  such  and  similar  cases,  a  law  was  passed 
in  1826,  allowing  townships  so  situated  to 
select  lands  elsewhere.  Accordingly  Evan- 
ston, then  known  as  Gross  Point  or  Ridge- 
ville,  obtained  as  school  land  a  tract  lying  in 
Section  12,  Township  41  North,  Range  13 
East,  a  part  of  Niles  Township,  containing 
153.48  acres.  This  land  lay  between  Simp- 
son Street  on  the  south  and  Grant  Street  on 
the  north.  Dodge  Avenue  on  the  east  and 
Hartrey  Avenue  on  the  west. 

Most  unwisely,  as  it  now  seems,  the 
School  Trustees  sold  this  land  at  the  min- 
imum Government  price  of  $1.25  per  acre. 
One  of  the  purchasers  was  Wendel  Ellis, 
whose  patent  to  the  land  was  granted  De- 
cember 27,  1847,  by  Augustus  C.  French, 
Governor  of  Illinois,  upon  a  return  made  by- 
George  Manierre.  School  Commissioner  of 
Cook  County.  The  money  obtained  by  the 
sale  of  this  land  disappeared  when  School 
Treasurer  Green  defaulted  in  1873. 

To  prevent  such  sales  as  the  above,  sev- 
eral of  the  younger  States  have  laws  that  fix 
a  minimum  price  for  school  lands,  far  in  ex- 
cess of  the  Government  rate,  and  thus  secure 
to  the  schools  a  permanent  fund  of  great 
value.  The  school  lands  of  Te.xas  will 
ultimately  give  the  schools  of  that  State  a 
permanent  fund  of  not  less  than  thirty  mil- 
lions. If  Chicago  had  today  all  the  original 
school  lands  of  its  several  townships,  the 
income  would  be  almost  enough  to  run  its 
schools. 

The    early    records    are    sadly    defective. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


189 


Nothing  is  recorded  for  the  year  1847.  The 
Trustees  in  1848  were  O.  A.  Grain,  E.  Ben- 
nett and  M.  Dunlap.  G.  M.  Huntoon  was 
Treasurer.  His  bond  was  fixed  at  $400. 
The  regular  meetings  were  held  at  the 
Ridge  House  in  Gross  Point.  A  special 
meeting  was  called  to  be  held  "at  early 
candle  light."  In  that  year  it  was  voted 
that  a  sale  of  cemetery  lots  be  held  on  the 
school  premises,  but  no  record  of  sale  ap- 
pears. 

In  March,  1848,  it  was  voted  to  divide 
the  township  into  two  school  districts,  put- 
ting all  of  the  township  north  of  the  south 
line  of  Section  19  into  District  One.  Legal 
notice  of  a  meeting  to  vote  on  the  proposed 
change  was  ordered,  but  there  is  no  record 
of  any  vote  upon  the  question,  and  the  prob- 
ability is  that  the  matter  was  dropped  with- 
out a  vote.  It  was  not  till  February,  1852, 
that  the  division  into  districts  was  legally 
made.  District  i  comprised  the  south  part 
of  the  township,  and  District  2  extended 
"from  the  south  line  of  Eli  Gaffield's  farm" 
to  the  north  boundary  of  the  township.  So 
reads  the  record.  But  a  subsequent  vote 
makes  the  north  District  Xo.  i,  and  makes 
its  south  boundary  the  middle  line  east  and 
west  of  Section  19. 

In  a  list  of  by-laws  adopted  in  April, 
i860,  trustees  who  were  absent  without  ex- 
cuse from  a  regular  meeting  were  to  pay  a 
fine  of  fifty  cents,  but  no  record  is  made  of 
any  collection  of  a  fine.  Teachers  were 
required  to  teach  twenty-two  days  each- 
month.  They  were  also  required  to  use 
exertions  to  have  the  children  go  to  and 
from  school  in  an  orderly  manner,  and  make 
it  a  rule  that  they  should  not  play  by  the  way, 
or  bear  tales  of  any  of  the  transactions  in 
school  or  during  intermission.  "Scholars 
shall  be  required  to  come  with  clean  faces 
and  hands  under  p.iin  of  being  expelled 
from  school." 

When  District  2  was  organized,  the  school 


funds  were  divided  upon  a  property  basis, 
and  District  i  received  $25.49,  and  District 
2,  $13.50. 

By  vote  of  the  township,  February  14, 
1856,  District  2  was  divided,  and  that  part 
south  of  the  Indian  boundary  was  desig- 
nated as  District  3,  but  there  is  no  record  of 
its  organization,  though  the  organization  of 
Districts  i,  2  and  4  are  preserved.  In  1870 
District  3  was  annexed  again  to  District  2. 
The  bond  of  the  School  Treasurer  for  1856 
was  for  $1,000. 

The  first  regular  school-tax  was  levied  in 
1856 — fifty  cents  on  each  hundred  dollars  of 
taxable  property.  This  amount  was  ex- 
pected to  provide  for  the  running  of  the 
schools,  and  to  pay  up  a  deficiency. 

District  4  was  organized  in  April,  1857. 
It  included  "all  that  part  of  Evanston" 
north  of  the  center  of  the  south  half  of 
fractional  Sections  7  and  12.  in  Townships 
13  and  14.  The  first  teacher  of  this  school 
was  M.  E.  Budlong. 

The  first  recorded  school  census  was  in 
October,  1857.  All  white  children  under 
twenty-one  were  to  be  enumerated.  C. 
Thomas  took  the  census,  and  was  allowed 
six  dollars  for  his  services,  but  no  record 
of  the  result  appears. 

It  seems  that  the  Directors  of  District  2 
bought  a  school-house  lot  of  George  M. 
Huntoon  for  $250,  and  received  a  deed  from 
him,  running  to  the  Directors.  Treasurer 
H.  B.  Hurd  took  the  necessary  legal  action 
to  restrain  the  Directors  from  paying  the 
sum  to  Huntoon  until  the  proper  deed  was 
made,  vesting  the  title  in  the  School  Trus- 
tees. This  result  was  not  secured  without 
a  lawsuit. 

In  1859  District  4  was  re-annexed  to  Dis- 
trict I.  This  seems  to  have  been  because  of 
the  small  number  of  children  in  the  district. 
There  are  no  records  of  the  trustees  be- 
tween May,  1862,  and  October,  1868. 
Samuel  Greene  was  elected  Treasurer. 


190 


EDUCATION 


In  April,  1870,  "Section  12,  and  so  much 
of  Section  7  as  lies  west  of  the  Ridge  road 
and  in  the  town  of  Evanston,"  was  made  a 
separate  district,  to  be  known  as  District 
3.  At  a  subsequent  meeting,  all  of  Section 
7  was  set  back  to  District  i. 

An  appraisement  of  property  was  made 
in  July  following,  to  determine  the  allotment 
of  school  funds.  The  valuation  of  District 
I  was  $307,399,  and  of  Section  12,  $6,470. 

Upon  petition  of  residents  of  New  Trier 
and  of  "lots  No.  i  to  19,  both  inclusive,  in 
George  Smith's  sub-division  of  the  south 
part  of  the  Archange  Ouilmette  Reserva- 
tion," Union  District  No.  3, — the  North 
Evanston  district — was  legally  constituted, 
October  3,  1870. 

District  No.  4,  the  Rogers  Park  District, 
was  also  constituted  in  October,  1870. 
There  was  some  difficulty  about  its  boun- 
daries, but  it  was  finally  settled  that  it 
should  include  all  of  the  township  lying 
south  of  the  south  boundary  of  Calvary 
Cemetery. 

In  April,  1875,  Union  School  District  No. 
5  was  organized.  It  included  the  northeast 
part  of  Evanston  Township,  and  a  part  of 
New  Trier  Township,  or  the  "Ouilmette 
Reserve." 

Samuel  Greene,  Township  Treasurer,  de- 
faulted in  1873.  His  bondsmen,  apparently, 
paid  the  amount  due  from  him  in  1876, 
$5,397.10. 

The  first  school-house  built  in  District  i 
was  a  one-story,  one-room  building,  which 
was  erected  on  the  north  side  of  Church 
Street,  just  east  of  Maple  Avenue.  Another 
story  was  added  to  it  later.  It  was  after- 
wards removed  to  1618  Orrington  Avenue, 
and  is  now  occupied  as  a  laundry.  It  was 
probably  built  in  1852,  the  year  of  the  or- 
ganization of  the  district.  The  upper  story 
was  used  as  a  polling  place  for  several 
years. 

About   i860  the  Benson  Avenue  school- 


house  was  erected,  just  south  of  Clark 
Street.  It  was  twice  enlarged ;  the  last 
time  in  1870.  In  this  same  year  the  lots  on 
which  the  Hinman  Avenue  and  the  Noyes 
Street  schools  now  stand  were  purchased, 
and  school-houses  were  probably  built  soon 
after,  but  all  the  records  of  the  district  prior 
to  1870  are  missing,  and  some  records  of 
later  years  are  incomplete. 

The  original  Noyes  Street  building  is 
still  standing  on  the  north  side  of  Gaffield 
Place,  just  west  of  the  Milwaukee  and  St. 
Paul  Railroad.  The  Hinman  Avenue  frame 
building  was  removed  in  1881,  to  make 
room  for  a  new  brick  edifice.  It  was  taken 
to  Benson  Avenue,  near  Clark  Street,  and 
used  as  a  church  by  the  Second  Baptist 
congregation  till  destroyed  by  fire  in  1889. 

In  1879  the  three  schools  had  outgrown 
their  accommodations,  and  there  was  much 
discussion  as  to  the  proper  means  to  provide 
more  room.  The  Board  of  Education  recom- 
mended a  consolidation  of  all  the  schools 
on  the  block  then  known  as  the  Lakeside 
property  between  Sherman  and  Chicago 
Avenue,  north  of  Greenwood  and  south  of 
Lake.  The  citizens,  however,  disapproved 
of  this,  and  a  new  building  was  voted,  to  be 
placed  on  the  Hinman  Avenue  lot,  and  a  lot 
was  purchased  on  Wesley  Avenue,  on  which 
a  large  one-story  brick  building  was  erected. 
This  was  known  as  the  Wesley  Avenue 
School  until  1900,  when  the  name  of  David 
B.  Dewey  School  was  given  it  in  honor  of 
one  of  Evanston"s  most  efficient  citizens, 
who  was  for  many  years  a  member  of  the 
School  Board.  Both  the  Hinman  Avenue 
and  the  Wesley  Avenue  buildings  were  con- 
structed of  one  story  only.  The  idea  was,  in 
this  way,  to  avoid  stair-climbing  and  to 
lessen  danger  in  case  of  fire.  The  present 
high  cost  of  land  in  Evanston  will  be  in  the 
way  of  any  more  buildings  of  this  sort,  but 
the  Wesley  Avenue  building  still  has  all  its 
eight  rooms  on  the  ground  floor. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


191 


The  Benson  Avenue  building  stood  on 
leased  ground,  directly  on  the  right  of  way 
of  the  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad.  Its 
removal  became  necessary  when  that  road 
was  built  in  1892.  It  was  moved  in  three 
sections  to  the  south  side  of  Emerson  Street, 
just  west  of  Maple  Avenue.  The  Haven 
school  was  then  built  on  Church  Street.  It 
was  very  appropriately  named  after  Dr.  O. 
E.  Haven,  who  was  Superintendent  of 
Schools  from  1873  to  1882,  and  afterwards 
on  the  Board  of  Education  till  his  untimely 
death  in  1888. 

In  1892  the  Noyes  Street  School  was  pro- 
vided with  a  new  and  enlarged  building, 
which  has  been  already  outgrown,  and  a 
large  addition  was  completed  early  in  1903. 
In  1894  the  Larimer  School  was  erected 
on  Grain  Street,  on  the  very  south  boundary 
line  of  the  district.  It  was  named  in  honor 
of  Joseph  Larimer,  a  valued  member  of  the 
School  Board,  and  a  man  whose  love  for 
young  men,  and  whose  good  influence  upon 
them,  well  merited  such  a  tribute  to  his 
memory.  The  Hinman  Avenue  School  re- 
ceived a  new  building  in  1898.  This  gives 
District  i  (or  76  in  the  present  county 
enumeration)  five  large  buildings,  contain- 
ing forty-nine  rooms,  with  a  seating  ca- 
pacity of  about  two  thousand.  Three  addi- 
tional rooms  are  also  rented  on  Asbury 
Avenue,  to  accommodate  the  overflow  of 
the  D.  B.  Dewey  School. 

There  appears  to  be  no  record  of  the 
earliest  teachers  of  this  district.  The  names 
of  Echenbracht  and  Edwards  are  found 
among  the  earlier  Principals.  P.  C.  Han- 
ford,  who  was  murdered  in  Chicago,  was 
also  a  Principal.  Charles  Raymond,  who  is 
still  living  here,  was  the  first  to  grade  the 
schools  and  to  receive  the  title  of  Superin- 
tendent. He  was  succeeded  in  1873  by 
Otis  E.  Haven,  son  of  Bishop  Haven  of 
the  University  of  Michigan.  Mr.  Haven 
was  a  born  teacher  of  rare  executive  ability. 


He  not  only  brought  the  schools  to  a  high 
degree  of  efficiency,  but  secured  for  himself 
a  remarkable  personal  affection  which  still 
remains  fresh  in  the  minds  of  his  numerous 
pupils. 

He  was  the  first  to  organize  a  high  school. 
There  was  no  small  opposition  to  the  idea 
of  a  high  school  at  first;  especially  from 
those  who  thought  that  the  academy  of  the 
Northwestern  University,  which  was  al- 
ready in  the  field,  was  fully  competent  to 
do  the  work  of  such  a  school.  However  the 
school  was  established  in  1876.  It  had  no 
building,  and  was  quartered  in  Lyons  hall 
and  elsewhere.  From  the  very  beginning 
it  had  an  excellent  name  for  scholarship, 
and  sent  its  graduates  to  several  of  the  best 
colleges.  It  had  many  tuition  pupils  from 
South  Evanston,  Rogers  Park  and  else- 
where. 

Among  its  early  teachers  was  Dr.  E.  J. 
James,  now  President  of  the  University  of 
Illinois,  from  January,  1878,  to  May,  1889, 
His  successor  was  J.  Scott  Clark,  now  Pro- 
fessor of  English  in  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity. 

George  S.  Baker,  now  a  lawyer  in  Evan- 
ston, succeeded  Mr.  Haven  in  1882,  and 
was  Superintendent  for  four  years.  Mr. 
Baker  is  a  graduate  of  Michigan  University 
and  came  to  Evanston  from  McGregor, 
Iowa.  He  resigned  his  position  to  take 
up  the  study  of  law,  as  Mr.  Haven  did  of 
medicine.  During  his  administration  the 
schools  steadily  grew  and  prospered. 

Homer  H.  Kingsley,  a  graduate  of  Mich- 
igan University,  succeeded  Mr.  Baker  in 
1886,  and  still  continues  in  charge.  Mr. 
Kingsley  has  been  especially  successful  in 
thoroughly  grading  the  schools,  and  in 
securing  excellent  buildings.  The  intro- 
duction of  the  kindergarten,  of  manual 
training  and  of  domestic  science  is  also  due 
largely  to  his  exertions,  seconded  and  en- 
couraged by  the   Woman's   Club,   and   by 


192 


EDUCATION 


many  citizens.  His  work  is  widely  known 
throughout  the  State,  and  the  schools  of 
Evanston  attract  many  visitors  from  abroad 
and  are  most  cordially  supported  by  the 
tax-payers. 

This  district  was  one  of  the  first  to  give 
women  a  place  on  the  School  Board,  and 
Mrs.  Louise  P.  Stanwood  was  the  first 
woman  to  serve  on  the  Board. 

The  value  of  the  grounds  and  buildings 
now  owned  by  the  district  is  about  $250,- 
000,  and  its  bonded  debt  about  $70,000. 
These  bonds,  at  4  and  4>4  per  cent,  com- 
mand a  premium.  The  finances  of  the  dis- 
trict have  been  very  ably  managed  by  our 
prominent  business  men.  A.  N.  Young, 
Simeon  Farwell,  F.  P.  Crandon,  and  H.  H. 
C.  Miller  may  be  mentioned  as  having  done 
much  in  regard  to  the  finances. 

Evanston  was  among  the  first  to  incor- 
porate the  kindergarten  in  its  school  system. 
The  first  kindergarten  was  established  in 
1892.  There  are  now  four,  and  the  experi- 
ment has  proved  very  satisfactory. 

Manual  training  was  introduced  in  the 
form  of  shop-work  as  early  as  1897,  but  a 
new  impulse  was  given  to  it  in  1901.  Mrs. 
Alfred  H.  Gross  and  her  brother,  Irwin 
Rew,  are  the  generous  donors  of  funds  to 
equip  a  Manual  Training  and  a  Domestic 
Science  Department.  Mrs.  Gross  offered 
an  unlimited  sum  for  the  equipment  of  a 
Domestic  Science  school,  only  stipulating 
that  it  should  be  the  finest  in  the  country 
and  the  best  that  money  could  furnish.  The 
Board  furnished  the  building  in  which  the 
two  new  departments  are  housed. 

Mr.  Rew  offered  $500  to  equip  the  man- 
ual training  room,  and  both  Mrs.  Gross  and 
Mr.  Rew  offered  $1,000  toward  the  salary 
of  the  requisite  teachers,  if  the  buildings 
were  provided  for  by  the  Board. 

The  equipment  of  the  Domestic  Science 
department  cost  over  $1,700.  Air.  Rew's 
first  gift  to  equip  the  Manual  Training  De- 


partment was  $500.  He  subsequently  gave  a 
dozen  lathes,  of  the  latest  and  most  im- 
proved pattern,  at  a  cost  of  about  $400. 
The  building  cost  $8,000.  Classes  of 
twenty-four  are  taught  at  the  same  time. 
About  two  hundred  boys  and  the  same  num- 
ber of  girls  receive  instruction  weekly.  The 
cost  of  the  material  used  and  all  incidental 
expenses  are  paid  by  the  regular  appropria- 
tions of  the  Board. 

The  tenure  of  office  among  Evanston 
teachers  is  worthy  of  notice.  Miss  Nannie 
M.  Hines  and  Miss  Celia  Sargent  have 
completed  their  thirtieth  year  of  service, 
and  many  others  are  nearing  twenty  years 
of  continuous  work. 

District  Two  (South  Evanston). — The 
modern  history  of  District  Two  begins  in 
1 87 1,  in  which  year  a  four-room  brick 
building  was  erected  on  the  present  site  of 
the  Central  School,  on  Main  Street.  The 
cost  was  $18,000.  This  building  was  great- 
ly enlarged  in  1890,  at  a  cost  of  $10,000. 

In  1893,  while  the  school  was  in  session, 
fire  broke  out  and  entirely  destroyed  the 
building.  By  heroic  efforts  on  the  part  of 
the  teachers,  no  lives  were  lost,  though  sev- 
eral persons  were  injured.  In  1901  a 
memorial  fountain  was  erected  to  commem- 
orate the  names  of  the  teachers  who  were 
most  active  in  the  rescue  work. 

A  new  building  was  at  once  erected  on 
the  same  site,  at  a  cost  of  $47,000.  While 
this  was  under  construction,  the  schools 
were  accommodated  in  rented  rooms.  The 
eighth  grade  pupils  occupied  part  of  the 
high  school  building  till  the  end  of  the 
school  year. 

In  1886  a  four-room  building  was  erected 
on  the  east  side  of  the  railroad,  on  Main 
Street  near  Forest  Avenue.  This  was  soon 
outgrown,  and  the  present  Lincoln  school- 
house  was  erected  in  1895,  at  a  cost  of  $47,- 
000. 

In  1900  another  building,  known  as  the 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


193 


Washington  School,  was  built  on  the  west 
side,  on  the  northwest  corner  of  Ashland 
Avenue  and  Main  Street,  at  a  cost  of  $35,- 
000. 

It  may  safely  be  said  that  all  these  build- 
ings are  unsurpassed  in  their  adaptation  to 
school  work  and  in  the  completeness  of 
their  equipment.  The  lighting,  heating  and 
ornamentation  can  hardly  be  improved. 
They  attract  many  visitors  who  are  seeking 
for  models  and  suggestions. 

Township  High  School. — In  the  winter 
of  1883,  the  attention  of  the  citizens 
of  Evanston  village  was  called  to  the 
fact  that  additional  school  accommoda- 
tions were  needed  for  all  the  schools, 
and  especially  for  the  High  School,  which 
had  been  maintained  for  several  years  with- 
out any  regular  home.  It  had  been  moved 
about  from  hall  to  hall,  and  was  greatly 
hindered  in  its  work  by  its  cramped  and 
uncomfortable  quarters,  in  rooms  which 
were  in  no  way  suited  to  school  uses.  The 
rapid  growth  of  the  village  had  filled  all 
the  school  buildings  to  overflowing.  As  the 
villages  of  Evanston  and  of  South  Evan- 
ston were  in  close  pro.ximity.  and  as  all  of 
the  population  of  the  township  was  dis- 
tributed along  the  line  of  a  single  railroad, 
the  idea  of  a  Township  High  School  was 
received  with  favor  from  its  first  mention. 
After  considerable  discussion  in  private 
circles  and  in  the  local  papers,  a  public 
meeting  was  announced  to  be  held  in  Lyons' 
hall,  on  the  evening  of  February  11,  1882. 
The  call  for  the  meeting  was  headed  by 
John  L.  Beveridge,  L.  C.  Pitner  and  H.  A. 
Pearsons. 

The  meeting  was  held  according  to  an- 
nouncement. Henry  L.  Boutelle  presided. 
After  free  discussion,  a  committee  was  ap- 
pointed consisting  of  John  H.  Kedzie, 
George  O.  Ide,  William  Blanchard,  Oliver 
Adams  and  Harvey  B.  Hurd,  who  were  in- 
structed   to    prepare    a    report    to   be    pre- 


sented at  an  adjourned  meeting  to  be 
held  February  i8th.  This  committee  re- 
ported at  the  adjourned  meeting,  presenting 
the  facts  and  figures  which,  in  their  judg- 
ment, favored  the  establishment  of  the  pro- 
posed school.  After  considerable  discus- 
sion, the  following  resolution  was  unani- 
mously adopted : 

"Resolved,  That  it  is  the  sense  of  this 
meeting  that  a  Township  High  School  be 
established  at  an  early  date,  and  that  a  com- 
mittee of  seven  be  appointed  by  the  chair, 
the  duty  of  said  committee  being  to  interest 
the  citizens  of  the  town  in  the  matter,  and 
especially  in  those  districts  in  which  there 
has  been  thus  far  least  interest  in  the  mat- 
ter." 

These  districts  were,  naturally,  North 
Evanston  and  Rogers  Park,  which  were 
farthest  from  the  center  of  the  township. 
South  Evanston  had  been  sending  many 
pupils  to  the  village  high  school  from  its 
first  organization,  upon  payment  of  tuition. 

The  committee  appointed  in  accordance 
with  the  foregoing  resolution  was  composed 
of  W.  H.  Crocker,  Oliver  Adams,  Alex- 
ander H.  Gunn,  A.  G.  Bell,  F.  P.  Crandon, 
Norton  W.  Boomer,  and  George  O.  Ide. 

The  report  of  the  committee  appointed 
on  the  nth  of  February  and  the  proceed- 
ings of  the  meeting  held  on  the  i8th  of  that 
month  were  published  in  the  "Index"  of 
the  week  following  the  i8th. 

On  the  9th  of  Alarch,  a  petition,  headed 
by  Hugh  A.  White  and  H.  B.  Hurd,  and 
signed  by  eighty-seven  other  legal  voters, 
was  filed  with  the  Township  Treasurer, 
Ambrose  Foster,  requesting  that  the  ques- 
tion of  the  establishment  of  a  Township 
High  School  be  submitted  to  the  legal 
voters  of  the  township  at  the  next  election 
of  School  Trustees.  This  election  resulted 
in  a  vote  of  611  in  favor  of  the  school  to 
147  against  it.  William  Blanchard  was 
elected  School   Trustee.     Thomas  A.   Cos- 


194 


EDUCATION 


grove  resigned  from  the  Board  of  Trustees 
and  Norton  W.  Boomer  was  elected  in  his 
place.  Mr.  Cosgrove's  resignation  was 
because  both  Mr.  Blanchard  and  himself 
were  residents  of  the  same  school  district, 
contrary  to  law. 

On  the  loth  of  July,  1882,  a  notice  was 
issued  calling  an  election  to  be  held  on 
the  22d  of  the  same  month,  to  vote  upon 
two  propositions : 

First.  To  authorize  the  Trustees  of  the 
township  to  purchase  a  site  for  building 
and  to  erect  a  suitable  building  upon  it. 

Second.  To  authorize  them  to  borrow 
not  exceeding  $40,000,  for  the  purchase  of  a 
site  and  the  erection  of  a  building,  and  to 
issue  bonds  for  the  amount  actually  bor- 
rowed. 

The  question  of  a  site,  of  course,  was  of 
great  interest,  and  several  sites  were  pro- 
posed. Charles  Raymond,  once  Principal 
of  the  schools  in  District  i,  advocated  the 
selection  of  the  public  park ;  but  it  was 
found  that  this  property  was  not  available 
except  for  park  purposes.  Others  advo- 
cated the  block  then  known  as  the  Lakeside 
Block,  between  Chicago  and  Sherman 
Avenues,  north  of  Greenwood  Boulevard, 
then  occupied  by  a  building  which  had  been 
used  for  a  private  school.  The  site  pro- 
posed in  the  election  call  was  the  corner  of 
Benson  Avenue  and  Dempster  Street,  front- 
ing west  250  feet  on  Benson  Avenue,  and 
measuring  200  feet  on  Dempster  Street. 

At  the  election  held  in  accordance  with 
the  above  call,  176  votes  were  cast  in  favor 
of  this  site,  and  two  against  it.  Only  one 
vote  was  cast  against  issuing  the  bonds. 

The  purchase  price  of  the  site  selected 
was  $4,000,  or  $16  per  front  foot.  The 
ground  was  very  low,  and  $2,200  was  ex- 
pended in  filling.  The  building  of  sewers 
has  since  entirely  changed  the  conditions. 
The  bonds  issued  bore  5  per  cent  interest, 
payable  semi-annually,  and  were  all  taken 


bv  the  Hide  and  Leather  Bank  of  Chicago, 
at  par.  The  plan  selected  for  the  building 
was  furnished  by  W.  W.  Boynton,  a  Chi- 
cago architect.  The  contract  price  of  the 
structure  was  $32,500.  The  furniture, 
library,  and  apparatus  cost  about  $2,500. 
The  mason  work  was  done  by  Charles  T. 
Bartlett  of  Evanston,  and  the  woodwork  by 

A.  H.  Avers  of  Chicago.  McDougal  Broth- 
ers, of  Evanston,  did  the  plumbing,  and  J. 

B.  Hobbs,  of  Evanston,  took  the  contract 
for  painting.  Ground  was  broken  for  the 
building  October  18,  1882,  but  owing  to 
the  severity  of  the  weather,  little  was  done 
until  the  spring  of  the  following  year.  The 
work  was  completed  and  the  building  form- 
ally dedicated  August  31,  1883. 

At  the  dedicatory  exercises  prayer  was 
offered  by  Rev.  F.  S.  Jewell.  Addresses 
were  made  by  Dr.  O.  E.  Haven,  former 
Superintendent  of  the  village  schools ;  by 
Albert  G.  Lane,  County  Superintendent  of 
Schools ;  Rev.  Dr.  Cummings,  President  of 
the  Northwestern  University,  and  others. 
William  Blanchard,  President  of  the  Town- 
ship Trustees  of  Schools,  presented  the 
keys  of  the  building  to  the  Principal-elect, 
and  Prof.  R.  H.  Cumnock,  of  the  School 
of  Oratory,  gave  selected  readings. 

The  Board  of  Trustees,  at  the  date  of 
the  opening  of  the  school,  were  William 
Blanchard,  S.  Goodenow  and  S.  D.  Childs. 
Mr.  Childs  was  chosen  at  a  special  election 
called  to  fill  a  vacancy  caused  by  the  death 
of  Norton  W.  Boomer,  who  did  not  live  to 
see  the  completion  of  an  enterprise  in  which 
he  had  taken  great  interest. 

The  school  was  opened  September  3, 
1883.  The  following  teachers  were  em- 
ployed : 

Principal,    Henry    L.    Boltwood,    A.  ]\L 
(Amherst.) 

Science,  Lyndon  Evans,  A.  B.    (Knox.) 

Mathematics,  Eva  S.  Edwards  (Oswego 
Normal  School.) 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


195 


Latin  and  English,  j\Iary  L.  Barrie. 

German  and  History,  Ellen  L.  \\'hite. 

Alusic,  O.  H.  Merwin. 

Mr.  Boltwood,  who  came  to  Illinois  from 
Massachusetts  in  1865,  is  widely  known  as 
the  father  of  the  Township  High  School  in 
Illinois.  In  1867  he  organized  in  Prince- 
ton, Bureau  County,  the  first  school  of  this 
kind.  Its  success  was  an  important  factor 
in  procuring  the  passage  of  the  present 
State  law  pertaining  to  high  schools.  The 
Princeton  school  was  organized  under  a 
special  act.  After  teaching  eleven  years  in 
Princeton,  he  organized  another  township 
high  school  at  Ottawa,  LaSalle  County. 
Mr.  Evans  came  from  the  High  School  in 
LaSalle.  Miss  Edwards  and  Miss  White 
had  been  teaching  for  two  years  in  the  High 
School  of  Evanston.  Miss  Barrie  came 
with  Mr.  Boltwood  from  Ottawa. 

On  the  morning  of  December  20 — the 
first  very  cold  day  of  the  winter — the  build- 
ing was  found  to  be  on  fire.  A  register 
had  been  carelessly  placed  directly  upon 
woodwork,  only  a  few  feet  above  a  fur- 
nace. The  school  session  was  just  com- 
mencing when  the  fire  was  discovered.  The 
pupils  behaved  admirably.  When  it  was  ap- 
parent that  the  fire  could  not*  be  controlled, 
they  quietly  removed  their  books,  and  as- 
sisted in  carrying  the  library  and  apparatus 
to  neighboring  houses.  Only  one  piece  of 
apparatus,  of  trifling  value,  was  injured. 
The  fire  department  worked  admirably,  but 
it  was  very  difficult  to  reach  the  fire.  Aid 
was  summoned  from  Chicago,  and  after 
three  hours  of  hard  work  the  flames  were 
extinguished.  The  greater  part  of  the  build- 
ing was  uninjured  except  by  water  and 
smoke.  The  loss  was  about  $4,000,  fully 
covered  by  insurance.  By  extra  hard  work 
the  building  was  reopened  for  school  in  a 
little  more  than  two  weeks,  although  with 
many  unfavorable  conditions.  An  even  one 
hundred  pupils  were  enrolled  at  the  outset. 


Among  them  were  several  who  had  grad- 
uated in  former  years,  but  who  wished  to 
carry  their  studies  farther  with  improved 
conditions.  The  general  course  of  study 
was  lengthened  from  three  years  to  four. 
In  consequence  there  was  no  regular  class 
to  graduate  at  the  end  of  the  year.  Five 
pupils  graduated,  however,  of  whom  all  but 
one  had  been  in  the  school  four  years.  The 
total  enrollment  for  the  year  reached  one 
hundred  and  forty-three. 

Drawing  had  not  been  taught  in  the  vil- 
lage high  school,  nor  in  the  graded  schools, 
but  Miss  Edwards  was  kind  enough  to  take 
up  this  subject,  and  the  high  quality  of  the 
drawing  work  of  the  school  from  the  first 
has  been  largely  due  to  her  energy  and 
perseverance.  O.  H.  Merwin  had  charge  of 
the  music,  but  the  interest  in  this  subject 
has  never  been  very  great,  and  it  was  re- 
tained in  the  course  only  three  years.  While 
it  was  retained,  the  pupils  furnished  the 
music  for  the  graduating  exercises. 

Prize  Speaking. — In  the  spring  of 
1884  a  prize-speaking  contest  was  held, 
open  to  pupils  of  the  third  year.  An  admis- 
sion fee  was  charged  and  the  prizes  were 
paid  out  of  the  receipts.  Any  surplus  was 
expended  for  the  school,  especially  for  the 
benefit  of  the  Athletic  Association.  After  a 
few  years  the  prizes  were  given  by  two  of 
our  citizens,  and  the  proceeds  were  applied 
to  the  class  fund  of  the  Junior  Class.  It 
soon  became  a  custom  for  the  Junior  Class 
to  give  a  reception  to  the  Seniors  on  the 
occasion  of  graduation.  This  reception  is 
generally  held  in  the  school  building. 

The  enrollment  of  1883-84  reached  one 
hundred  and  fifty-five.  The  drawing  work 
was  increased.  Typewriting  was  introduced 
as  a  voluntary  study  in  connection  with 
bookkeeping,  and  a  class  in  shorthand  was 
conducted  outside  of  school  hours.  Forty 
different  pupils  took  up  typewriting,  some 
of  whom  became  reasonably  expert. 


196 


EDUCATION 


Mr.  Evans,  having  been  elected  Superin- 
tendent of  the  South  Evanston  schools,  re- 
signed at  the  end  of  the  first  year,  and  was 
succeeded  by  William  Harkins.  A.M.,  as 
teacher  of  Science  and'English. 

Near  the  close  of  this  year  an  industrial 
exhibit  was  given  by  the  school,  to  which 
the  pupils  were  requested  to  bring  some- 
fhing  of  their  own  handiwork,  not  neces- 
sarily anything  connected  with  school  work. 
Most  of  them  complied,  and  a  very  inter- 
esting display  was  made.  Besides  drawing, 
writing  in  English  and  German,  typewrit- 
ing, shorthand  and  map-drawing,  which 
might  be  considered  as  school  work,  there 
were  exhibited  scroll  sawing,  wood  carv- 
ing, pieces  of  philosophical  apparatus, 
bread,  butter,  confectionery,  a  great  variety 
of  needlework,  and  various  collections  of 
plants,  insects  and  postage  stamps.  A  large 
number  of  visitors  inspected  the  exhibit.  A 
class  of  twelve  graduated  this  year. 

One  hundred  and  sixty  pupils  were  en- 
rolled in  the  fall  of  1885,  and  the  total  en- 
rollment of  the  year  was  one  hundred  and 
seventy-one.  This  necessitated  more  teach- 
ing force,  and  Miss  Jane  H.  White  was 
added  to  the  corps.  Mr.  Harkins  was  suc- 
ceeded as  teacher  of  Science  by  Benjamin 
B.  James,  now  (1903)  Superintendent  of 
Schools  in  West  Superior,  Wis. 

The  increased  number  of  pupils  required 
a  remodeling  of  the  assembly  room,  which 
had  been  arranged  on  the  original  plan  for 
only  one  hundred  and  forty-four  pupils.  By 
doubling  the  number  of  desks  in  part  of  the 
room  one  hundred  and  eighty  were  accom- 
modated. 

In  1885  the  school  competed  for  the 
first  time  in  the  State  Fair  Exhibit,  send- 
ing five  sets  of  examination  papers.  Three 
of  these  took  first  prizes  of  $5  each.  In 
1886  ten  sets  of  papers  were  sent,  which 
took  eight  first  prizes  and  two  seconds, 
besides  the  two  "sweep-stake"  prizes  for  the 


best  six  and  the  best  ten  sets.  For  seven 
successive  years  the  school  carried  off  the 
highest  honors,  and  received,  in  cash,  $424, 
which  was  expended  in  pictures,  casts  and 
books  for  the  library.  At  the  end  of  this 
time  the  former  system  of  awarding  prizes 
was  changed,  and  the  school  has  not  com- 
peted since. 

The  industrial  exhibit  of  1886  surpassed 
that  of  the  former  year,  both  in  quantity  and 
quality.  The  drawing  and  clay  modeling 
attracted  no  little  attention.  A  class  of  four- 
teen graduated  this  year. 

Mr.  James  was  succeeded  at  the  close  of 
the  year  by  Lorenzo  N.  Johnson,  A.  B.,  of 
the  Wesleyan  University  of  Middletown, 
Conn.  Mr.  Johnson  remained  five  years 
and  did  splendid  work.  He  took  great  in- 
terest in  school  athletics,  which,  under  his 
general  charge,  were  very  successful.  He 
resigned  in  1891  to  accept  a  position  as  In- 
structor in  Botany  at  Ann  Arbor  Universi- 
ty, Mich.,  where  he  remained  until  his  la- 
mented death  in  1897. 

From  the  first,  the  school  took  special 
interest  in  athletics.  For  several  years  in 
succession  Evanston  won  the  pennant  in  the 
Cook  County  Baseball  League.  It  has  also  ' 
won  high  honors  in  indoor  baseball.  In 
football  it  has  not  been  able  to  compete  very 
favorably  with  the  larger  schools.  The  loss 
of  Crain  field,  near  the  schoolhouse,  was  a 
great  drawback  to  good  practice.  The 
names  of  Frederick  W.  Poole,  John  H. 
Kedzie.  Irving  McDowell.  Richard  Carr, 
Arthur  Sickels  and  Frederick  Lanphear, 
not  to  mention  many  others,  will  long  be 
remembered  in  the  school. 

Without  following  further  in  detail  the 
history  of  the  school  it  may  briefly  be  said 
that  the  growth  was  very  regular  for  sev- 
eral consecutive  years,  the  increase  averag- 
ing about  thirty  a  year,  and  requiring  an 
additional  teacher  each  vear.   The  annexing 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


197 


of  Rogers  Park  to  Chicago,  in  1893,  pre- 
vented the  usual  increase  in  that  year. 

While  no  effort  has  been  made  to  secure 
pupils  from  abroad  a  considerable  number 
have  attended,  chiefly  from  the  towns  on 
the  north.  New  Trier  Township — in  which 
are  located  Wilmette,  Winnetka,  Kenil- 
worth  and  Glencoe — was  a  regular  contrib- 
utor to  the  attendance  until  it  established  a 
Township  High  School  of  its  own.  In  the 
first  semester  of  1900-01  all  the  High  School 
pupils  of  that  township,  seventy-seven  in 
number,  attended  the  Evanston  school, 
while  their  own  building  was  in  process  of 
erection.  Their  tuition,  amounting  to 
$1,525,  was  paid  by  Xew  Trier  Township. 

The  total  enrollment  of  the  school  in 
twenty  years  is  almost  exactly  2,900.  Com- 
paring this  number  with  the  number  of 
graduates,  549,  and  not  counting  the  420 
enrolled  this  year  (1903),  it  will  be  seen  that 
about  22  per  cent  of  all  that  enter  the  school 
complete  the  course. 

Nineteen  classes  have  graduated,  con- 
taining in  all  549  pupils.  Of  these  about 
forty  per  cent  have  gone  to  colleges,  or 
higher  institutions,  besides  many  who  have 
entered  college  without  completing  the 
High  School  course,  or  who  have  com- 
pleted their  preparation  elsewhere. 

Of  these  graduates  205 — or  about  2>7  P^r 
cent — were  boys ;  a  much  larger  proportion 
than  is  usually  found  among  the  graduates 
of  high  schools.  In  one  class  the  boys  out- 
numbered the  girls,  and  in  another  they 
were  equal  in  number. 

Graduates  or  under-graduates  have  en- 
tered the  following  colleges  and  profes- 
sional schools,  though  the  list  is  undoubt- 
edly incomplete :  Amherst,  Boston  Univer- 
sity, Bowdoin,  Dartmouth,  Harvard,  Wil- 
liams, Yale,  Massachusetts  School  of  Tech- 
nology. Holyoke.  Smith,  Wellesley,  Vassar, 
Bryn  Mawr,  Wells,  Baltimore  Female  Col- 
lege, Cornell,  Princeton,  Syracuse,  Annapo- 


lis, West  Point,  Lehigh  University  of  Mich- 
igan, University  of  Wisconsin,  University 
of  Minnesota,  Wesleyan  University  of 
Bloomington,  Northwestern  University, 
Lake  Forest  University,  University  of  Cali- 
fornia, Berkeley,  Colorado,  Denver,  Beloit, 
Rockford,  Oberlin,  Lewis  Institute,  Ar- 
mour Institute,  School  of  Mines  at  Golden, 
School  of  Mines  at  Rolla,  Schooi  of  Mines 
at  Houghton,  Art  Institute  at  Chicago, 
Cumnock  School  of  Oratory,  besides  sever- 
al law  and  medical  schools.  Many  have 
taken  high  honors,  and  several  are  profes- 
sors or  instructors  in  various  colleges. 

The  original  school  building  was  planned 
to  satisfy  the  needs  of  the  Evanston  of  18S3 
rather  than  with  any  view  to  the  future. 
Evanston  then  had  a  population  of  about 
8.000.  Before  four  years  had  passed,  the 
original  assembly  room  was  too  small  to 
accommodate  the  pupils,  and  a  remodeling 
of  the  building  was  necessary.  The  growth 
continued,  and  in  1889  a  large  wing  on  the 
south  side,  containing  ten  recitation  rooms, 
was  added  to  the  building  at  a  cost  of  $22,- 
000.  This,  in  turn,  proved  too  small,  and  in 
1899  a  new  front  and  a  north  wing  were 
added.  This  involved  a  virtual  reconstruc- 
tion of  the  whole  building,  and  the  prob- 
lem of  fitting  the  new  to  the  old  was  much 
more  difficult  of  solution  than  the  building 
of  an  entirely  new  structure.  Mr.  Charles 
R.  Ayers,  however,  proved  equal  to  the 
occasion,  and  the  present  building  is  both 
attractive  in  appearance  and  convenient  for 
work.  The  cost  of  the  improvement  was 
about  $90,000. 

The  north  wing  contains  the  Biological, 
the  Physical  and  the  Chemical  laboratories, 
and  a  lecture  room  which  is  used  in  com- 
mon by  the  different  teachers.  The  Manual 
Training  Department  occupies  the  north 
basement.  On  the  second  floor  of  this  wing- 
are  the  rooms  assigned  to  the  Drawing 
Department.    There  are  three  study-rooms, 


198 


EDUCATION 


one  for  the  Senior  class,  one  occupied  by 
the  second  and  third  year  pupils,  and  one 
(the  original  assembly  room)  allotted  to  the 
entering  class.  The  pupils  generally  study 
in  these  rooms  when  not  in  recitation. 

The  building  contains  thirty-six  rooms 
above  the  basement,  and  is  intended  to  ac- 
commodate at  least  six  hundred  pupils. 
The  present  enrollment  (1903)  is  420.  One 
of  the  rooms  is  designated  as  the  Infirmary, 
and  is  equipped  as  an  emergency  hospital. 
Two  large  recitation  rooms,  thrown  to- 
gether, are  used  as  a  sort  of  gymnasium. 
There  is  not  room  enough  on  the  premises 
for  a  regular  gymnasium.  The  proximity 
to  two  railroads  is  the  greatest  defect  in 
the  location.  Twenty  teachers  are  now  em- 
ployed besides  an  office  clerk. 

Manual  Training.— In  1S8G  the  Board 
purchased  tools  for  woodwork,  enough  to 
equip  a  class  of  twelve,  and  Mr.  T.  E.  Skin- 
ner, a  carpenter  and  contractor,  gave  in- 
struction outside  of  school  hours  to  classes. 
Each  pupil  paid  a  fee  of  twenty-five  cents 
a  week  for  instruction.  Twenty  took  in- 
struction at  first.  They  constructed  their 
own  benches  and  tool  chests,  and  made 
easels  enough  to  furnish  the  drawing  de- 
partment, but  there  was  no  regular  course 
pursued.  The  hours  after  school  were  not 
favorable  to  work.  In  winter  it  became  dark 
too  early  and  in  the  milder  weather  it  in- 
terfered with  school  athletics.  Manual 
training  was  therefore  dropped  for  some 
years. 

When  the  enlarged  and  remodeled  build- 
ing was  planned  two  large  rooms  in  the 
basement  were  set  aside  for  mechanical 
training.  Improved  benches  and  new  tools 
were  provided.  A  three  horse-power  dyna- 
mo was  furnished,  which  takes  the  requisite 
current  from  the  city  electric  plant.  Four 
wood  lathes  were  provided.  Mr.  Clarence 
M.  Thome  took  charge  of  the  work.  A  reg- 
ular course  was  laid  out,  in  connection  with 


mechanical  drawing.  The  work  was  done 
in  school  hours,  and  received  credit  like 
any  other  study  requiring  equal  time. 

Mr.  Ward  W.  Pearson  took  charge  of 
the  work  in  1901  and  is  still  in  charge  of 
it.  This  year  two  lathes,  a  circular  saw,  a 
band-saw,  a  drill  and  a  forge  have  been 
added  to  the  plant,  which  altogether  cost 
about  $1,500.  As  a  rule,  the  pupils  have 
taken  interest  in  their  work.  Conditions  of 
room  prevent  any  other  than  woodwork 
and  a  course  longer  than  two  years. 

Citizenship. — On  the  day  of  the  Pres- 
idential election  the  school  has  twice  had 
a  lesson  in  practical  citizenship  by  going 
through  the  form  of  holding  an  election. 
Judges  are  appointed ;  voters  are  registered 
in  regular  poll-books  by  clerks ;  votes  are 
challenged ;  regulation  polling-booths  are 
erected,  and  the  specimen  ballots  sent  out 
by  the  county  officials  are  used  instead  of 
the  official  ones.  Careful  instruction  is 
given  in  regard  to  the  marking  of  the  bal- 
lot. These  elections  have  e.xcited  no  little 
interest. 

Drawing  Department. — Twenty  years 
ago — except  in  Massachusetts — few  schools 
outside  the  larger  cities  included  drawing, 
or  any  kind  of  manual  training,  in  their 
regular  courses  of  study.  At  the  opening  of 
the  Evanston  Township  High  School,  the 
Principal  said,  "We  must  make  a  begin- 
ning, no  matter  how  small  it  is,"  and  the 
beginning  was  made. 

The  pupils  enrolled  in  that  first  drawing- 
class,  almost  without  exception,  had  never 
had  any  previous  instruction  in  that  study. 
However,  their  interest  and  faithfulness 
gave  promise  of  success  to  the  experiment, 
and  the  results  justified  it.  From  the  first 
the  aim  was  to  be  practical.  The  allotted 
time  was  forty-five  minutes  daily,  on  alter- 
nate days,  for  two  years.  The  work  was 
planned  to  open  to  the  pupil  as  many  ave- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


199 


nues  as  possible,  leaving  him  to  choose  and 
specialize  later. 

Form-drawing  and  design  from  given 
units  were  the  basis  of  the  first  year's  work ; 
representation  and  construction  followed  as 
the  pupils  gained  confidence  and  power. 
"Correlation"  was  an  important  feature ; 
the  drawing  department  supplemented  the 
work  in  science  and  history.  Under  the  su- 
perintendence' of  the  drawing  teacher, 
charts  and  sketches  in  zoology  and  botany 
were  prepared. 

Clay  modeling  was  introduced  in  1885. 
In  those  days  the  drawing  and  mathematics 
were  taught  in  the  same  room,  and  the  pu- 
pil who  went  to  the  board  to  demonstrate 
a  problem  in  Algebra  and  Geometry  thread- 
ed his  way  cautiously  around  and  among 
easels,  tables,  drawing  boards  and  all  the 
other  "needfuls"  that  were  slowly  but  sure- 
ly accumulating.  Increasing  numbers  and 
lack  of  space  made  it  necessary  to  omit  the 
modeling  until  1889,  when  it  was  again 
taken  up  under  much  more  favorable  con- 
ditions :  not  as  before,  as  a  supplement  to 
drawing,  but  as  an  independent  study, 
taken  daily  for  a  full  year. 

In  1887  Historic  Art  was  introduced. 
The  introduction  of  drawing  in  the  public 
schools  relieved  our  course  of  some  of  the 
elementary  work  which  before  had  been  nec- 
essary. No  feature  of  the  course  has  proved 
more  satisfactory,  and  no  other  has  brought, 
in  after  years,  more  emphatic  testimonials 
as  to  "value  received."  The  pupils  receive 
lectures  which  they  themselves  illustrate 
with  their  own  drawings,  and  also  insert 
in  their  note  books  whatever  comes  to  hand 
from  magazine  and  other  illustrations.  The 
Egyptian,  the  Assyrian,  the  Greek,  the  Ro- 
man and  the  Gothic  are  all  treated.  This 
department  has  nearly  a  hundred  books  of 
its  own,  more  than  two  hundred  large 
charts  of  mounted  magazine  clippings  and 
illustrations,      several      hundred     mounted 


prints  and  photographs,  besides  the  use  of 
the  pictures  and  charts  belonging  in  other 
departments  and  about  a  hundred  and  fifty 
lantern  slides. 

In  1899  clay  modeling,  under  the  efficient 
supervision  of  Miss  Maud  I.  Moore,  a 
graduate  of  the  school,  and  later  of  the 
Chicago  Art  Institute,  assumed  new  life 
and  interest.  It  is  a  third-year  study,  and  is 
open  to  none  who  have  not  done  excellent 
work  in  art. 

In  1900  the  introduction  of  Manual 
Training  as  a  part  of  the  school  curriculum 
made  it  necessary  to  increase  the  work  in 
mechanical  drawing ;  consequently,  in  ad- 
dition to  the  regular  free-hand  drawing, 
those  who  elect  can  have  a  two  years'  course 
in  mechanical. 

Twice  the  department  has  outgrown  its 
quarters.  It  now  has  commodious  rooms, 
well  equipped  with  store-rooms  and  cases, 
in  which  to  house  its  material.  Modern 
and  improved  adjustable  tables  are  provided 
for  the  mechanical  and  charcoal  drawing; 
another  room  is  devoted  to  historical  art 
and  design,  and  still  another  to  the  clay 
modeling. 

The  school  has,  from  time  to  time,  sent 
its  work  to  competitive  exhibits,  and  al- 
though compelled  to  compete  with  schools 
that  carry  drawing  through  a  full  four 
years'  course,  has  won  honors  and  received 
honorable  mention. 

A  fair  proportion  of  our  pupils  have  gone 
to  art  schools,  and  are  now  professional 
teachers,  illustrators,  designers,  architects, 
draftsmen  and  civil  engineers,  while  others, 
in  different  professions,  testify  that  their 
High  School  work  in  art  has  been  of  great 
service. 

It  is  due  to  the  people  of  Evanston  to  say 
that  the  drawing  department  has  always 
had  their  hearty  support.  They  may  justly 
congratulate  themselves  that  they  were 
among  the  first,  and  not  the  last,  to  recog- 


200 


EDUCATION 


nize    its    value    and    give    it    an    honorable 
place. 

It  is  simply  an  act  of  justice  to  say  that 
Miss  Eva  S.  Edwards,  who  has  had  full 
charge  of  the  work  from  the  beginning  and 
developed  it  from  feeble  infancy  to  full  ma- 
turity, is  entitled  to  the  highest  credit  for 
its  present  and  past  success.  Few  teachers 
have  been  privileged  to  witness  such  a  hap- 
py growth,  or  have  worked  more  patiently 
and  unsparingly  for  its  realization. 

List  of  Trustees.  —  The  following 
were  the  Trustees  of  the  school  under  the 
school  law  of  1870: 

William  Blanchard,  President  (1882- 
1890)  ;  S.  D.  Childs,  deceased  (1882-1884)  ; 
S.  B.  Goodenow  (1882-1890);  Henry  J. 
Wallingford  (vice  Childs).  (1884-1890). 

By  the  law  of  1889  the  High  School 
passed,  in  April,  1890,  under  control  of  a 
Board  of  Education,  consisting  of  five  mem- 
bers. The  Board  then  chosen  was  as  fol- 
lows : 

Chas.  B.  Congdon,  President  (1890- 
1897)  ;  John  W.  Bynam   (1890-1891)  ;  Ed- 


ward D.  Coxe  (Rogers  Park),  (1890- 
1893)  ;  Thomas  Bates  (1890-1900)  ;  How- 
ard G.  Grey  (1890- 1902). 

Mr.  Coxe  resigned  in  1893  in  conse- 
quence of  the  annexation  of  Rogers  Park  to 
the  City  of  Chicago. 

The  following  have  served  since :  L.  H. 
Bushnell  (1891-1900)  ;  David  S.  McMullen 
(1894-1901). 

The  present  board  consists  of  the  follow- 
ing: 

William  S.  Lord,  President,  appointed 
1897 ;  Conrad  H.  Poppenhusen,  appointed 
1900;  Harold  Dyrenforth,  appointed  1901 ; 
Dorr  A.  Kimball,  appointed  1901 ;  George 
P.  Merrick,  appointed  1902.  Winsor  Chase 
is  Secretary. 

{  Prof.  Henry  L.  Boltwood,  who  prepared 
the  preceding  chapter,  died  January  23, 
1906,  terminating  a  career  of  over  fifty 
^•ears  in  connection  with  the  cause  of  edu- 
cation, of  which  over  forty  years  were 
spent  in  the  State  of  Illinois  and  more  than 
twent>-two  years  as  Principal  of  the  Evan- 
ston  Township  High  School.) 


CHAPTER   XXIII. 


EVANSTON    AUTHORS 

(By  J,  SEYMOUR  CUKRKV,  President  Eranston  Historical  Society) 


Establishment  of  Northivestcrn  University 
Marks  the  Beginning  of  Evanston  Liter- 
ary Life  —  Effect  of  the  Gathering  of 
Professors,  Instructors  and  Stndents  — 
Groivth  of  Literary  Activity  —  Edzvard 
Eggleston  and  Frances  E.  Willard  Begin 
their  Careers  Here  —  Miss  Wizard's  "A 
Classic  Toivn"  —  Miss  Simpson's  Cata- 
logue of  Evanston  Authors  in  iqoo  — 
Groiiih  of  Nine  Years  —  Alphabetical 
List  of  Authors  with  Bibliography  and 
Biographical  Records. 

The  literary  life  of  Evanston  began  with 
the  establishment  of  the  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity in  1855,  and  has  flourished  and  kept 
pace  with  the  intellectual  development  of 
the  people.  Naturally  the  location  of  an 
institution  of  learning  attracted  a  large 
number  of  dwellers  here  who  were  in  sym- 
pathy with  the  University  and  its  work,  or 
who  were  connected  with  it  as  professors, 
instructors  or  students.  This  created  an  at- 
mosphere that  was  favorable  to  the  growth 
of  every  form  of  literary  activity,  and  the 
book  publishers,  as  well  as  those  of  journals 
and  periodicals,  soon  became  familiar  with 
the  names  of  Evanston  people  as  authors 
and  contributors.  Various  weekly  and 
monthly  publications  have  been  established 
here  and  have  enjoyed  prosperous  careers. 

It  was  in  Evanston  that  Edward  Eggles- 
ton lived  when  he  began  to  write  his  re- 


markable series  of  books,  beginning  as  a 
writer  of  fiction  and  afterwards  becoming 
a  historian  of  great  reputation.  It  was 
here  that  Frances  Willard  began  her  liter- 
ary work,  and,  possessing  wonderful  tal- 
ent.s,  attracted  the  attention  of  the  world 
to  her  work  in  the  Woman's  Christian  Tem- 
perance Union.  There  were  others  who 
were  writers  of  wide  reputation  before  com- 
ing here,  but  who  continued  their  literary 
work  in  this  favorable  environment.  Many 
societies  of  a  literary  character  have  en- 
joyed successful  careers,  and  their  records 
are  a  valuable  possession  of  the  community. 

The  first  account  of  the  literary  history 
of  Evanston  is  embodied  in  Frances  Wil- 
lard's  history,  entitled  "A  Classic  Town," 
published  in  1891,  in  which  she  says:  "The 
amount  of  scholarly  ink  which  has  been 
put  to  paper  by  Evanston  pens  will  com- 
pare favorably  with  that  of  any  orlier  com- 
munity of  its  size  and  age  in  the  world." 
"The  literary  atmosphere,"  she  says,  "is  the 
highest  charm  of  Evanston ;"  and  adds,  "lit- 
erary people,  be  they  great  or  small,  hover 
by  instinct  around  a  center  of  books  and 
thought  and  character." 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Young  Woman's 
Missionary  Society  of  the  First  M.  E. 
Church,  in  1900,  one  of  the  features  was 
the  sale  of  a  "Catalogue  of  Evanston  Au- 
thors" for  the  benefit  of  the  society.  The 
catalogue  was  in  pamphlet  form  and  was 


201 


202 


EVANSTON  AUTHORS 


compiled  by  Miss  Frances  Simpson,  who, 
with  the  help  of  the  staff  of  the  Evanston 
Public  Library,  prepared  a  list  of  214 
authors,  with  the  titles  of  their  books  or 
contributions  to  the  press  in  one  form  or 
another.  In  Miss  Wlllard's  book,  published 
nine  years  before,  she  had  given  the  names 
of  sixty- four  authors  and  journalists.  Thus 
it  would  appear  that  there  had  been  a  large 
increase  in  the  number  at  the  time  that  Miss 
Simpson's  list  was  prepared.  This  was  pre- 
dicted by  Miss  Willard  who  said  in  1891, 
"It  is  safe  to  predict  that  the  coming  thirty- 
five  years  will  show  ten  times  as  much  work 
of  this  kind  as  the  past  thirty-five  can 
show." 

The  authors  whose  names  and  works  are 
given  below  are  those  who  do  now,  or,  at 
some  period  of  their  lives,  have  resided  in 
Evanston,  and  who  have  published  their 
works  in  book  form.  The  list  does  not  in- 
clude journalists,  contributors  to  periodi- 
cals, or  writers  of  pamphlets.  The  attempt 
has  been  made  to  make  the  list  fairly  com- 
plete, but  omissions  are  likely  to  be  found. 
The  reader's  indulgence  is  asked  for  any 
shortcomings  of  this  kind. 

The  people  of  Evanston  take  a  just  pride 
in  the  work  of  their  writers,  denoting,  as 
it  does,  the  intellectual  status  and  culture 
of  the  community;  and  they  will,  no 
doubt,  be  surprised  and  gratified  at  the 
record  here  shown. 

EIBLIOGR.\PHY — PERSON.\L    SKETCHES. 

Isaac  Emens  Adams. — Born  at  Mend- 
ham,  N.  J.,  October  29,  1857 ;  graduated  at 
Northwestern  University ;  received  degree 
of  A.  M.  from  same  institution  in  1882 ;  on 
staff  of  "Chicago  Times"  for  several  years ; 
and  afterwards  practiced  law. 

Author:  "Life  of  Emory  A.  Storrs" 
(1886). 

A.  T.  Andreas:  "History  of  Cook  Coun- 
ty, Illinois,  from  the  Earliest  Period  to  the 
Present  Time"    (1884);    "History  of  Chi- 


cago from  the  Earliest  Period  to  the  Present 
Time"  (3  v.,  1884-86). 

Mrs.  Rena  Michaels  Atchison :  "Un- 
American  Immigration :  Its  Present  Eft'ects 
and  Future  Perils :  A  Study  from  the  Cen- 
sus of  1890"  (1894). 

Charles  Beach  Atwell. — Born  at  Theresa, 
N.  Y.,  April  II,  1855;  educated  in  Water- 
town  (N.  Y.)  High  School  and  Syracuse 
L^niversity ;  Professor  of  Botany  in  North- 
western L^niversity  since    1894. 

Author:  "The  Alumni  Record  of  the 
Northwestern   L'niversity"    (1903). 

M.  Helen  Beckwith :  "In  Mythland." 
(2  v.,  1896)  ;  "Storyland  with  the  Scissors" 

(1899). 

Katharine  Beebe:  "First  School  Year 
for  Primary  Workers"  (1895)  ;  "Home 
Occupations  for  Little  Children"  (1896)  ; 
"School  Room  Plays"  (1898)  ;  "Story  of 
Longfellow"  (1899)  ;  "Story  of  George 
Rogers  Clark"  (1900). 

Charles  Wesley  Bennett. — Born  at  East 
Bethany,  N.  Y.,  July  18,  1828;  educated 
at  Wesleyan  (Conn.)  LTniversity ;  Profes- 
sor of  History  at  Syracuse  (N.  Y.)  Uni- 
versity, 1871-85;  Professor  of  Historical 
Theology  in  Garrett  Biblical  Institute, 
1885-91;  died  at  Evanston,  April  17,  1891. 

Author:  "Christian  Archaeology"  (1888). 

Henry  Leonidas  Boltwood. — Born  at 
Amherst,  Mass.  Jan.  17,  183 1;  died 
at  Evanston,  Jan.  23,  1906 ;  was  grad- 
uated at  Amherst  College ;  in  1864  entered 
the  service  of  the  U.  S.  Sanitary  Commis- 
sion ;  was  principal  of  the  High  School  at 
Princeton,  III,  from  1867  to  1878;  and  oc- 
cupied a  similar  position  at  Ottawa,  111., 
for  the  succeeding  five  years ;  in  1883,  came 
to  Evanston  where  he  became  Principal  of 
the  High  School  and  remained  in  this  posi- 
tion up  to  the  time  of  his  death. 

Author:  "English  Grammar  and  How 
to  Teach  It."  (1871);  "Topical  Outlines  of 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


203 


General   History"    (1889)  ;   "Higher   Spell- 
er" (1893). 

Lewis  Henry  Boutell. — Born  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  July  21,  1826;  died  at  Washington, 
D.  C.,  January  16,  1899;  was  graduated 
from  Brown  University  in  1844  and  from 
Harvard  Law  School  in  1847;  o"  J^"-  i» 
1848.  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Boston; 
came  West  in  1863  and.  in  1865,  began  the 
practice  of  law  in  Chicago.  In  1893  he  left 
the     law     practice     for     literary     pursuits. 

Author:  "Alexander  Hamilton,  the  Con- 
structive Statesman"  (1890);  "Thomas 
Jefferson,  the  Man  of  Letters"  (1891); 
"Life  of  Roger  Sherman"  (1896). 

Frank'  Milton  Bristol. — Methodist  Epis- 
copal clergyman,  born  in  Orleans  County, 
N.  Y.,  January  4,  185 1;  graduated  from 
Northwestern  LIniversity,  Ph.  B.,  1877, 
(A.  M.,  D.D.)  ;  was  pastor  of  leading 
churches  in  Chicago ;  now  pastor  Metro- 
politan Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 

Author:  "Providential  Epochs";  "The 
Ministry  of  Art"  (1897)  :  "Shakespeare 
and   America"    (1898). 

Solon  Cary  Bronson. — Born  at  West 
Union,  Iowa,  July  26,  1855  ;  graduated  at 
Upper  Iowa  University,  Fayette,  Iowa ;  be- 
came a  professor  in  the  Cornelia  Miller  de- 
partment of  Practical  Theology,  of  the  Gar- 
rett Biblical  Institute,  in  1896;  has  received 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  two 
institutions,  viz. :  Garrett  Biblical  Institute, 
1894,  and  Cornell  College,  Iowa,  1903. 

Author:  "Delusions:  A  Volume  of  Ad- 
dresses"  (1895). 

Walter  Lee  Brown. — Born  at  Melrose, 
Mass.,  August  24.  1853,  graduated  at 
Northwestern  LTniversity  and  Columbia 
College  School  of  Mines ;  died  at  Evans- 
ton,  April  6,  1904. 

Author:  "Manual  of  Assaying  Gold,  Sil- 
ver, Copper  and  Lead  Ores"  (Ed.  6,  1896). 

William  Caldwell. — Born  in  Edinburgh, 
Scotland,  November  10,  186'? ;    educated  in 


Edinburgh ;  graduated  from  Edinburgh 
University  (AI.  A.)  in  1884;  post-graduate 
student  in  Germany,  Paris,  and  Cambridge 
(England),  1887-91,  inclusive;  received  de- 
gree of  Doctor  in  Mental  and  Moral  Sci- 
ence, Edinburgh;  obtained  high  honors  at 
Edinburgh ;  called  to  Sage  School  of  Phil- 
osophy, Cornell  University,  N.  Y.,  1891 ;  to 
University  of  Chicago,  1892 ;  to  North- 
western University,  1894,  where  he  has  been 
Professor  of  Moral  and  Social  Philosophy. 

Author:  "Schopenhauer's  System  in  its 
Philosophical  Significance"  (1893). 

Henry  Smith  Carhart. — Born,  Coeymans, 
N.  Y.,  March  2-j,  1844 :  graduated  from 
Wesleyan  University,  Middletown,  Conn., 
in  1869 ;  later  studied  at  Yale,  Harvard  and 
Berlin ;  Professor  of  Physics  and  Chem- 
istry at  Northwestern  University,  1872-86; 
President  of  Board  of  Judges,  Department 
of  Electricity,  Columbian  Exposition,  1893  ; 
member  of  Electrical  Societies ;  Professor 
of  Physics,  University  of  Michigan  since 
1886. 

Author:  "Primary  Batteries"  (1891)  ; 
"Elements  of  Physics"  (with  H.  N.  Chute) 
(1892);  "University  Physics"  (1894-6); 
"Electrical  Measurements"  (1895). 

George  Chainey. — Unitarian  minister, 
born  in  England  in  1851  ;  educated  in  Evan- 
ston  and  Boston ;  pastor  Unitarian  Church, 
Evansville,  Indiana,  1877-80;  engaged  in 
work  on  Biblical  Interpretation. 

Author.  "Foundation  Stones,"  a  Series 
of  Unitarian  Sermons  (1879)  ;  "The  New 
Version :  Discourses  on  the  Bible  in  Boston" 
(1882)  ;  "She:  An  Allegory  of  the  Church" 
(1889);  "Jeanne  D'Arc,  the  Flower  of 
France"  (1888)  ;  "The  Ten  Command- 
ments" (1900);  "Book  of  Ruth:  An  Idyl 
of  Friendship  between  the  Heavens  and  the 
Earth"  (1901)  ;  "Unsealed  Bible";  v.  I, 
Genesis   (1902). 

J.  Scott  Clark. — Born  in  Copenhagen,  N. 
Y.,   September  23,   1854;    graduated  from 


204 


EVANSTON  AUTHORS 


Syracuse  University  in  1877 ;  Principal  of 
Evanston  High  School,  1879-82;  Professor 
of  Rhetoric  and  English  Criticism,  Syracuse 
University,  1882-92 ;  Professor  of  English 
Language,  Northwestern  University, 
since  1892. 

Author:  "Practical  Rhetoric"  (1886); 
"Briefer  Practical  Rhetoric"  (1892); 
"Study  of  English  Prose  Writers"  (1898)  ; 
"Study  of  English  and  American  Poets" 
(1900). 

Samuel  Travers  Clover. — Born  in  Lon- 
don, England,  August  13,  1859;  educated 
there ;  began  newspaper  career  in  1880, 
making  trip  around  the  world ;  worked  on 
newspapers  in  Dakota  five  years ;  staff  cor- 
respondent of  "Chicago  Herald ;"  ^Nlanag- 
ing  editor  of  "Chicago  Evening  Post," 
from  1894  to  1901;  "Los  Angeles  (Cal.) 
Evening  News,"  1905. 

Author:  "Paul  Travers'  Adventures" 
(1897)  ;  "Glimpses  Across  the  Sea"  (1900)  ; 
"Rose  Reef  to  Buluwayo"  (1896)  ;  "Poets 
and  Poetry  of  Dakota"  (1898);  "Zephyrs 
from  Dakota"  (1898). 

George  Albert  Coe. — Born  Monroe  Coun- 
ty, N.  Y.,  ]\Iarch  26,  1862 ;  graduated  from 
LIniversity  of  Rochester ;  Ph.  D.,  Boston 
University,  1891  :  John  Evans  Professor  of 
Philosophy,  Northwestern  L^  iversity  since 
1893.         '  ^ 

Author:  "The  Spiritual  Life:  Studies 
in  the  Science  of  Religion"  (1900);  "The 
Religion  of  a  Mature  Mind"  (1902). 

Lyman  Edgar  Cooley. —  Born  Canan- 
daigua,  N.  Y.,  December  3,  1850;  graduated 
from  Rensselaer  Polytechnic  Institute,  C.E., 
1874;  Professor  in  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity, 1874-77  ;  Associate  Editor  "Engineer- 
ing News."  1876-78;  Assistant  Engineer  of 
railroad  bridge  over  the  Missouri  River, 
Glasgow^,  Missouri,  1878 ;  Assistant  United 
States  Engineer  on  ]\Iississippi  and  Miss- 
ouri River  improvements,  1878-84;  Editor 
"American    Engineer,"     1884;    Consulting 


Engineer  for  Chicago  Sanitary  District 
(Drainage  Canal).  Member  of  the  Inter- 
national Deep  ^\'aterwavs  Committee,  1895- 
96. 

Author :  'The  Lakes  and  Gulf  Water- 
way." 

Edwin  C.  Crawford. —  Born  at  Fostoria, 
Ohio,  April  10,  1845 ;  educated  at  High 
School,  Ft.  ^Vayne,  Ind.,  and  graduated  at 
Dartmouth   College   in    1874. 

Author :  "Civil  Government  of  Illinois 
and  the  United  States" ;  Special  Chapters 
on  Chicago  and  Cook  County   (1890). 

Henrv  Crew. — Born  Richmond,  Ohio, 
June  4,  1859;  graduated  from  Princeton 
College,  B.  A.,  1882;  Fellow  at  Princeton, 
1882-84;  Fellow  Johns  Hopkins,  1884-87, 
Ph.D.,  1887;  Instructor  in  Physics,  Har- 
vard College,  1888-91  ;  Astronomer  Lick 
Observatory,  1891-92;  Assistant  Editor 
"Astrophysical  Journal" :  Professor  of 
Physics,  Northwestern  University,  since 
1892. 

Author :  "Elements  of  Physics,"  for 
Use  in  High  Schools  (1899)  ;  "Laboratory 
Manual  of  Physics."  for  Use  in  High 
Schools  (with  R.  R.  Tatnall)  (1902); 
Editor:  "Wave  Theory  of  Light";  "Mem- 
oirs of  Huygens,  Young  and  Fresnel" 
(1900). 

Robert  McLean  Cumnock. — Born  in  Ayr, 
Scotland,  May  31.  1844;  came  to  America 
in  the  following  year :  graduated  at  Wes- 
leyan  University  in  1868 ;  and  soon  after 
became  Professor  of  Elocution  at  North- 
western LIniversity,  which  position  he  has 
held  to  the  present  time. 

Author:  "Choice  Readings";  "School 
Speaker." 

Nathan  Smith  Davis.  Sr.,  M.  D.,  LL.  D.— 
Born  at  Greene,  N.  Y.,  January  9,  1817; 
graduated  from  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  Fairfield,  N.  Y.,  1837 ;  received 
honorarv  degree  A.  M.  Northwestern  Uni- 


II 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


20S 


versity,  and  LL.  D.  from  Illinois  Wesleyan 
University ;  practiced  medicine  in  Chicago 
from  1849;  Professor  in  Rush  Medical  Col- 
lege, Chicago,  1849-59  ;  one  of  the  founders 
(1859)  of  Chicago  Medical  College,  now 
Medical  Department  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity ;  Professor  there  for  thirty  years  and 
Dean  of  I'aculty  until  1898,  resigned;  editor 
of  various  medical  journals ;  President  of 
the  International  Medical  Congress,  1887 ; 
one  of  the  founders  of  Alercy  Hospital,  and 
one  of  its  physicians,  for  over  forty  years ; 
a  founder  and  Trustee  of  Northwestern 
University,  Chicago  Academy  of  Sciences, 
Chicago  Historical  Society,  Illinois  State 
Microscopical  Society  and  Union  College  of 
Law ;  a  member  of  various  other  Medical 
Associations  in  Chicago  and  New  York ; 
died  June  16,  1904. 

Author:  "Principles  and  Practice  of 
Medicine,"  and  various  pamphlets  on  med- 
ical subjects  and  on  temperance. 

Nathan  Smith  Davis,  Jr.,  M.  D. — Born  in 
Chicago,  September  5,  1858;  graduated 
from  Northwestern  University,  1880,  A.  M. 
1883 ;  graduated  from  Chicago  Medical 
College,  1883  ;  has  since  practiced  in  Chi- 
cago; Associate  Professor  of  Pathology, 
1884-86 ;  since  then  Professor  of  the  Prin- 
ciples and  Practice  of  Medicine  and  of  Clin- 
ical Medicine,  Chicago  Medical  College ; 
Physician  to  Mercy  Hospital  since  1884; 
Member  of  the  Ninth  International  Medical 
Congress,  Pan-American  Medical  Congress, 
etc. 

Author :  "Consumption :  How  to  Pre- 
vent It  and  How  to  Live  With  It" ;  "Dis- 
eases of  the  Lungs,  Heart  and  Kidneys," 
etc. 

Edward  Eggleston. — Born  Vevay,  Indi- 
ana, December  10.  1837;  died  September  2, 
1902 ;  educated  at  country  and  village 
schools  in  Indiana ;  entered  Methodist 
Episcopal  ministry  in  1857 ;  editor  of 
"Little  Corporal,"  Chicago,   1866-67;  chief 


Editor  of  the  "National  Sunday  School 
Teacher"  ( 1867-70)  and  other  religious 
papers  ;  President  of  the  American  Histor- 
ical Association  in  1900. 

Author:  "Hoosier  Schoolmaster"  (1871)  ; 
"End  of  the  World"  (1872);  "Mystery 
of  Metropolisville"  (1873);  "Circuit 
Rider"  ( 1874)  ;  "Hoosier  School  Boy" 
( 1883)  ;  "History  of  the  United  States  and 
Its  People"  (1888)  ;  "First  Book  in  Amer- 
ican History"  (1889)  ;  "Beginners  of  a  Na- 
tion" (1896)  ;  "Transit  of  Civilization  from 
England  to  America"  (1900);  Editor, 
"Christ  in  Art"  (1874)  ;  "Christ  in  Litera- 
ture" (1875). 

Finley  Ellingwood.  —  Born  Dearborn 
County,  Ind.,  September  12,  1852;  educated 
in  Kankakee,  111. ;  graduated  from  Bennett 
]\redical  College  in  1878:  Professor  in  same 
institution  from  1885  to  present  time. 

Author:  "Manual  of  Medical  Chemis- 
try" ( 1889 )  ;  "Annual  of  Eclectic  Medi- 
cine" (1890,  '91  and  '92);  "Systematic 
Treatise  on  Materia  Medica"  (1899); 
"Treatment  of  Disease"   (1906). 

Frank  ^lacajah  Elliot. —  Born  at  Corin- 
na,  Me.,  March  27,  1853 ;  graduated  at 
Northwestern  University  ;  President  Evans- 
ton   Hospital  Association   since   1896. 

Author:      "History   of  Omega"    (1885). 

George  H.  Ellis :  "Analysis  of  White 
Paints"    (1898). 

Joseph  Emerson:  "Lectures  and  Ser- 
mons on  Subjects  connected  with  Christian 
Liberal  Education"   (1897). 

Marshall  Davis  Ewell. — Born  in  Oxford, 
Michigan,  August  18,  1844 ;  educated  in 
Michigan  ;  LL.  B.  University  of  Michigan 
1868 ;  A.  M.  Northwestern  University, 
1879 ;  Professor  of  Common  Law,  Univer- 
sity College  of  Law,  Chicago,  from  1877 
until  the  founding  of  Kent  College  of  Law 
— also  known  as  Microscopist ;  President  of 
the  American  Microscopical  Society,   1893. 

Author:    "Leading  Cases  on  Disabilities" 


206 


EVANSTON  AUTHORS 


(1876);  "Treatise  on  Law  of  Fixtures" 
(1876)  ;  "Essentials  of  the  Law"  (1882)  ; 
"jMannal  of  Medical  Jurisprudence"  (1887). 

Editor:  "Blackwell  on  Tax  Titles"; 
"Evans  on  Agencies" ;  "Lindley  on  Part- 
nership," and  other  works. 

Charles  Samuel  Farrar:  "Art  Topics: 
History  of  Sculpture,  Painting  and  Archi- 
tecture"  (1885). 

Randolph  Sinks  Foster. — Born  Williams- 
burg, Ohio,  February  22,  1820;  educated 
at  Augusta  College,  Kentucky ;  entered 
itinerant  ministry  of  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  1837,  in  Kentucky  Conference; 
later  was  transferred  to  Ohio  and,  in  1850, 
to  New  York,  remaining  until  1857;  Presi- 
dent of  Northwestern  L-niversity  1857-60; 
again  in  pastorate  work  in  New  York  and 
Sing  Sing,  1860-68;  Professor  of  Syste- 
matic Theology,  1868-69;  President  of 
Drew  Theological  Seminary,  Madison,  N. 
J.,  1869-72  ;  died  in  1903. 

Author:  "Objections  to  Calvinism" 
(1849);  "Centenary  Thoughts"  (1884); 
"Beyond  the  Grave"  (1878);  "Studies  in 
Theology"  (1886);  "Philosophy  of  Chris- 
tian Experience" ;  "Christian  Purity" 
(1851). 

Fraxicis  Gellatly :  "Necklace  of  Liberty" 
(1886)  ;  "Love  Made  to  Order,  and  Temper 
Tempest." 
t  Anna  Adams  Gordon. — Born  in  Boston, 
July  21,  1853;  educated  in  Newton  (Mass.) 
High  School  and  at  Mt.  Holyoke  College ; 
for  twenty-one  years  private  secretary  of 
Miss  Frances  E.  Willard ;  \'ice  President 
at  Large  of  National  W.  C.  T.  U. 

Author:  "Marching  Songs";  "White 
Ribbon  Hymnal";  "Beautiful  Life  of 
Frances  E.  Willard"    (1898). 

Ulysses  Sherman  Grant. — Born  in  Mo- 
line,  Illinois,  February  14,  1867;  graduated 
from  the  University  of  Minnesota  in  1888 ; 
Ph.  D.,  Johns  Hopkins,  1893 ;  Assistant 
State  Geologist,  Minnesota,  1893-99;  I"" 
structor   in   Geology   in   the   University   of 


Minnesota,  1897-98;  Assistant  Geologist  on 
the  Geological  and  Natural  History  Survey 
of  Wisconsin  since  1899;  Assistant  Editor 
of  the  "American  Geologist"  since  1897; 
Professor  of  Geology  and  Curator  of  the 
Museum,  Northwestern  L^niversity.  since 
1899. 

Author:  "  Preliminary  Report  on  the 
Copperbearing  Rocks  of  Douglas  County, 
Wisconsin  ( 1900)  ;  "Wisconsin  Geological 
and  Natural  History  Survey"  (v.  6,  1900)  ; 
"Final  Report  of  the  Geological  and  Natural 
History  Survey  of  Minnesota"  (with  N.  H. 
Winchell)    (1899-1900). 

John  Henry  Gray. — Born  in  Charleston, 
Illinois,  March  11,  1859;  graduated  from 
Harvard  in  1887;  Ph.  D.,  Halle,  Germany, 
1892 ;  Studied  also  at  Paris,  Menna  and 
Berlin  ;  Instructor  in  Political  Economy  at 
Harvard,  1887-89;  Chairman  of  the  World's 
Congress  Auxiliary  on  Political  Science  in 
connection  with  the  Columbian  Exposition, 
Chicago,  1893;  Chairman  of  the  Municipal 
Committee  of  the  Civic  Federation  of  Chi- 
cago;  1894-96;  First  Vice  President  of  the 
American  Economic  Association,  1897-98 ; 
appointed  bv  Labor  Commissioner,  C.  D. 
Wright,  to  investigate  labor  conditions  in 
England,  1902;  Professor  of  Political 
Economy  and  Social  Science,  Northwestern 
University,  since  1892. 

Author:  "Die  Stellung  der  Privaten  Be- 
leuchtnugsgesellschaften  zu  Stadt  und 
Staat" ;  "Die  Erfahrung  in  Wein,  Paris  und 
Massachusetts,"  Jena  (1893). 

Evarts  Boutell  Greene. — Born  at  Kobe, 
Japan.  July  8,  1870;  was  educated  in  a 
private  school  at  Yokohama,  Japan,  and  in 
the  public  schools  of  Westborough.  Mass., 
and  Evanston ;  student  at  Northwestern 
University,  1885-88,  and  at  Harvard.  1888- 
93;  A.  B.,  A.  :\I.,  Ph.  D..— all  from  Har- 
vard ;  at  University  of  Berlin,  Germany, 
1893  to  1894;  Professor  of  History,  Uni- 
versity of  Illinois. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


207 


Author:  "The  Provincial  Governors  in 
the  English  Colonies  of  North  America" 
(Harvard  Historical  Series,  Vol.  7,  1898), 
"The  Government  of  Illinois,  Its  History 
and  Administration"  (Macmillan,  1904)  ; 
"Provincial   America"    (Harpers,    1905). 

James  Stanley  Grimes :  Geonomy  :  The 
Creation  of  Continents  by  Ocean  Currents" 
(1857)  ;  "Human  Nature  and  the  Nerves" 
(1857);  "Improved  System  of  Geonomy" 
(1866) ;  Mesmerism  and  Magic  Eloquence" 
(1862);  "Mysteries  of  the  Head  and 
Heart"  (1870)  ;  "New  System  of  Phrenol- 
ogy and  Evolution  of  the  Brain"  (1869); 
"Philosophy  of  the  Mind"  (1870)  ;  "Phreno 
Geology,  the  Evolution  of  Animals  and 
Man"  (1850);  "Phreno  Physiology,  Hu- 
man Nature,  the  Evolution  of  Mind  and  its 
Instruments"    (1901). 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  Morrisson  Boynton  Har- 
bert. — Born  in  Crawfordsville,  Indiana, 
April  15,  1845 ;  graduated  from  Terre 
Haute  Female  College  1862 ;  for  eigiht  years 
editor  Woman's  Department,  "Chicago 
Inter-Ocean." 

Author:  "Out  of  Her  Sphere"  (1871)  ; 
"The  Golden  Fleece"  (1867);  "Amore" ; 
Composer  of  the  songs,  words  and  music  of 
"On  Arlington  Heights,"  "What  Shall  we 
Do  With  the  Hours?"  etc. 

James  Taft  Hatfield. — Born  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.,  June  15,  1862;  graduated  from 
Northwestern  University,  1883:  A.M.  1886; 
Johns  Hopkins  University,  Ph.D.,  1890; 
traveled  and  studied  in  Japan,  China,  India 
and  Egypt,  1883-84;  Professor  of  Classi- 
cal Languages  in  Rust  University,  Holly 
Springs,  Mississippi,  1884-85 ;  graduate 
student  and  Fellow  at  Johns  Hopkins  Uni- 
versity, 1887-90;  Professor  of  German 
Language  and  Literature  at  Northwestern 
L^niversity,  1890;  studied  at  Berlin,  Weimar 
and  Oxford,  1896-97 ;  served  in  Spanish- 
American  War  as  Captain  of  a  five-inch  gun 
on  the  U.  S.  cruiser  "Yale,"  June  to  August, 


1898;  Professor  of  German  Literature  at 
Northwestern  University  since  1890;  Con- 
tributing editor  "Americana  Germanica" ; 
Member  of  the  American  Oriental  Society 
since  1884;  Member  of  the  Modern  Lan- 
guage Association  of  America,  etc. 

Author:  "Elements  of  Sanskrit  Gram- 
mar" (1884)  ;  "Index  to  Gothic  Forms  in 
Kluge's  Wceterbuch"  (1889);  "Freytag's 
Rittmeister  von  alt-Rosen"   (1894). 

Editor  of  German  texts ;  Translator  of 
German  poems. 

Erastus  Otis  Haven. — Born  in  Boston, 
November  i,  1820;  died  in  Salem,  Oregon, 
August  1881  ;  graduated  from  Wesleyan 
University  in  1842 ;  in  1848  entered  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  ministry  in  New  York  Con- 
ference ;  in  1853  Professor  of  Latin  in  L^ni- 
versity  of  Michigan,  which  he  exchanged 
the  next  }ear  for  the  chair  of  Eng- 
lish Language,  Literature  and  History ; 
given  degree  of  D.  D.  in  1854  by 
Union  College;  resigned  in  1856,  and 
returned  to  Boston,  where  he  was 
editor  of  "Zion's  Herald"  for  seven  years, 
during  which  period  he  served  two  years  in 
State  Senate,  and  a  part  of  the  time  was 
an  Overseer  of  Harvard  University ;  Presi- 
dent of  University  of  Michigan.  1863-69; 
President  of  Northwestern  University, 
1869-72;  in  1880  was  ordained  a  Bishop  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

Author :  "American  Progress ;  The 
Young  ]\Ian  Advised"  (1855)  ;  "Pillars  of 
Truth"  (1866);  "Rhetoric"  (1869). 

Henry  Bixby  Hemenway.  —  Born  at 
Montpelier,  Vt.,  December  20,  1856;  gradu- 
ated at  Northwestern  University,  1879 ; 
practicing  physician  since  1880. 

Author:  "Healthful  Womanhood  and 
Childhood"   (1894). 

Newell  Dvvight  Hillis. — Born  in  Mag- 
nolia, Iowa,  September  2,  1858 ;  educated 
at  Iowa  College,  Lake  Forest  University 
and     McCormick     Theological     Seminary 


208 


EVANSTON  AUTHORS 


(M.  A.,  and  D.  D.,  Xorthwestern  Univer- 
sity) ;  entered  Presbyterian  ministry;  pas- 
tor at  Peoria,  Illinois,  1887-90 ;  at  Evan- 
ston,  Illinois,  1890-94 ;  succeeded  late  Prof. 
David  Swing  as  pastor  of  Central  Church, 
Chicago  (an  independent  church),  1894; 
pastor  of  Plymouth  Church,  Brooklyn,  since 
January,  1899. 

Author:  "The  Investment  of  Influence'' 
(1898)  ;  "A  Man's  Value  to  Society" 
(1896);  "How  the  Inner  Light  Failed"; 
"Foretokens  of  Immortality"  (1897); 
"Great  Books  as  Life  Teachers"  (1899)  ; 
"Influence  of  Christ  in  Modern  Life" 
(1900). 

Rosa  Birch  Hitt. — Born  at  Elkhart,  Ind.. 
April  25,  1863 ;  educated  at  the  High 
School,  Marion,  Ind.,  and  at  Northwestern 
University;  married  Isaac  R.  Hitt,  Jr.,  in 
1889. 

Author:  "The  Instrument  Tuned" 
(1904). 

Jane  Currie  Hoge. — Born  in  Philadel- 
phia, Pa..  July  31,  181 1  ;  educated  at  Miss 
Longstrength's  school  in  Philadelphia ;  en- 
gaged with  the  U.  S.  Sanitary  Commission 
during  the  Civil  War,  visiting  more  than 
one  hundred  thousand  men  in  hospitals ; 
died  at  Chicago,  August  26,  1890. 

Author:    "The  Boys  in  Blue"  (1867). 

Thomas  Franklin  Holgate. — Born  in 
Hastings  County.  Ontario,  April  8,  1859 ; 
graduated  at  \'ictoria  College,  Toronto, 
1884;  Professor  at  Xorthwestern  Univer- 
sity since  1893. 

Author:  "Elementary  Geometr}-.  Plane 
and   Solid"    (1901). 

George  Washington  Hough. — Born  in 
Montgomery  County,  New  York,  October 
24,  1836 ;  graduated  from  Union  College 
in  1856;  Astronomer  and  Director  of 
Dudley  Observatory,  Albany,  N.  Y.,  1860- 
74 ;  Director  of  Dearborn  Observatory  and 
Professor  of  Astronomy  in  L^niversity  of 
Chicago,    1879-87;    discovered    more   than 


600  new  double  stars  and  made  systematic 
study  of  the  planet  Jupiter ;  invented  many 
instruments  pertaining  to  astronomy,  me- 
teorology and  physics  ;  Professor  of  Astron- 
omy at  Northwestern  University  and  Direc- 
tor  of   Dearborn   Observatory   since    1887. 

Author:  "Annals  of  the  Dudley  Obser- 
vatory" (2  v.,  1866-1871);  "Annual  Re- 
ports of  the  Chicago  Astronomical  So- 
ciety." 

Mary  Hess  Hull. — Born  at  Miltonville, 
Ohio,  April  22,  1845  (maiden  name  ]\Iary 
Ann  Hess)  ;  educated  in  schools  of  her  na- 
tive town  ;  married  Morton  Hull,  December, 
1863  ;  died  in  Chicago  September  13.  1905. 

Author :  "Columbus,  and  What  He 
Found"  (1892);  "Browning's  Christmas 
Eve,"    (1900). 

Harvey  Bostwick  Hurd. — Born  in  Hun- 
tington, Connecticut,  February  14,  1828; 
came  to  Chicago  in  1846;  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1848;  LL.  D.  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity ;  Professor  in  the  Chicago  Law  School 
(now  a  department  of  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity), 1862-1900;  first  President  of  the 
Village  of  Evanston ;  official  reviser  of 
General  Statutes  of  Illinois ;  edited  State 
edition  of  the  same,  1874;  has  since  edited 
sixteen  editions  of  General  State  Laws ; 
originator  of  the  great  Chicago  Drainage 
Canal  scheme ;  died  January  "^0,  190G. 

Author:  "Torrens  Act  of  Illinois  for 
Registration  of  Land  Titles" ;  also  of  "Juve- 
nile Court  Act  of  Illinois,"  April  22.   1899. 

Edmund  Janes  James. — Born  in  Jackson- 
ville. Illinois,  May  21,  1855;  educated  at 
Illinois  State  Normal  School  and  North- 
western and  Harvard  Universities,  A.  M. ; 
Ph.  D.,  University  of  Halle,  Germany 
( 1877)  ;  Principal  of  Evanston  High  School 
(1878-79);  Principal  of  Model  High 
School,  Normal,  Illinois  (1879-82)  ;  Pro- 
fessor of  Public  Finance  and  Admin- 
istration, Wharton  School  of  Finance 
and     Economy,     University     of     Pennsyl- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


209 


vania  (1883-95);  Professor  of  Politi- 
cal and  Social  Science,  University  of 
Pennsylvania  (1884-95)  ^  Edited  the  pub- 
lications of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
Political  Economy  and  Public  Law  Series 
(1886-95)  !  ^  ice  President  of  the  American 
Economic  Association ;  President  of  the 
American  Academy  of  Political  and  Social 
Science  since  1889 ;  \'ice  President  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Illinois  State  His- 
torical Library  since  1895  •  Professor  of 
Public  Administration  and  Director  of  Ex- 
tension Division  in  the  University  of  Chi- 
cago (1896-1902)  ;  President  of  Northwest- 
ern L'niversit}-  (1902-04):  then  became 
President  University  of  Illinois  at  L'rbana, 
Illinois. 

Author:  "Relation  of  the  ]\Iodern  Muni- 
cipality to  the  Gas  Supply"  (1886)  ;  "The 
Legal  Tender  Decisions"  (1887):  "The 
Canal  and  the  Railway"  (1890):  "Federal 
Constitution  of  Germany"  (i8go)  ;  "Federal 
Constitution  of  Switzerland"  (1890)  ;  Edu- 
cation of  Business  Men  in  Europe"  (1899)  ; 
"Government  of  a  Typical  Prussian  City" 
(Halle)    (1900). 

James  iVlton  James. — Born  in  Hazel- 
green,  Wisconsin,  September  17,  1864: 
graduated  from  L'niversity  of  Wisconsin  in 
1888;  held  scholarship  and  fellowship  in 
History,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1891- 
93 ;  Ph.  D.,  1893  ■  Professor  of  History 
Cornell  College,  Iowa,  four  years ;  I\Iember 
of  the  American  Historical  Society ;  Mem- 
ber of  Council  and  Secretary  of  Xorth- 
western  Settlement ;  President  of  the  Xorth 
Central  History  Teachers'  Association ; 
Professor  of  History,  Northwestern  L'ni- 
versity since  1897. 

Author:  "Constitution  and  Admission  of 
Iowa  into  the  Union"  (1900);  "Govern- 
ment in  State  and  Nation"  (with  A.  H. 
Sanford)   (1901). 

William  Patterson  Jones. — Born  about 
1827;     founder     (1855)     of    the       North- 


western Female  College,  and  for  many 
years  President  of  same:  in  1862  was  sent 
as  Consul  to  Macao,  China :  later  became 
President  of  Fremont  (Xeb. )  Normal 
School,  where  he  died  about  1890. 

Author:  "Myth  of  Stone  Idol,  a  Poem" 
(1876):  "Inter-Ucean  Curiosity  Shop." 

John  Hume  Kedzie. — Born  in  Stamford, 
N.  Y.,  September  8,  1815;  graduated  from 
Oberlin  College  in  1841  ;  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1847 :  member  of  Illinois  Legislature, 
1877  to   1879;  died  at   Evanston,  April  9, 

1903- 

Author:  "Solar  Heat,  Gravitation  and 
Sun  Spots"    (1886). 

Daniel  Parish  Kidder. — Born  at  Darien, 
N.  Y.,  (October  18,  1815  :  graduated  at  Wes- 
leyan  University,  Middletown,  Conn.,  in 
1836:  from  1837  to  1840  was  a  missionary 
to  Brazil:  and  from  1844  to  1856  editor  of 
the  Sunday  School  publications  of  the  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  church  :  compiled  and  edited 
more  than  eight  hundred  volumes  for  Sun- 
day School  libraries  :  the  list  of  which  would 
fill  many  pages  of  this  history:  in  1856  be- 
came Professor  of  Practical  Theology  in 
the  Garrett  Biblical  Institute,  where  he  re- 
mained until  1871,  when  he  was  called  to 
a  like  chair  in  the  Drew  Theological  Sem- 
inary :  died  at  Evanston,  July  29,  1891. 

Author:  "Mormonism  and  the  Mor- 
mons" (1844):  "Residence  and  Travel  in 
Brazil"  (2  vols.,  1845)  :  in  conjunction  with 
Rev.  J.  C.  Fletcher,  "Brazil  and  the  Bra- 
zilians" (  1857)  :  and  "Treatise  on  Homilet- 
ics"   (l868). 

Homer  H.  Kingsley. — Born  at  Kalama- 
zoo, Mich.,  June  9,  1859;  graduated  at 
Michigan  LIniversity  in  188 1  :  Principal  of 
Evanston  Public  Schools  ( Dist.  No.  i ) 
since  1886. 

Author:  "The  New  Era  Word  Book" 
( 1901). 

Nellie  Fitch  Kingsley. — Born  at  Peoria, 
111.,  October  4,  1862 ;  educated  at  Kalama- 


2IO 


EVANSTON  AUTHORS 


zoo  (Mich.)  High  School;  married  to 
Homer  H.   Kiiigsley,  August  i8,   1886. 

Author:  "History  of  the  Lewis  and 
Clark  Expedition"  ( 1900)  ;  "Four  Ameri- 
can Explorers"  (1902). 

Marshall  Monroe  Kirkman. — Born  in  Il- 
linois, July  10,  1842 ;  entered  railway  ser- 
vice with  Chicago  &  Xorthwestern  Railroad 
in  1856;  Second  Vice  President  of  Chicago 
&  Northwestern  Railway  since  1889. 

Author:  "The  Science  of  Railways"  (12 
v.,  1894)  ;  "Classical  Portfolio  of  Primi- 
tive Carriers"  (1896)  ;  "Romance  of  Gilbert 
Holmes"  (1900)  ;  "The  Air  Brake"  (1901)  ; 
"Building  and  Repairing  Railways"  (1901 ). 

Samuel  Ellsworth  Kiser. — Born  Ship- 
pensville.  Pa..  February  2,  1862 ;  educated 
in  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio ;  editorial  writer 
"Chicago  Record-Herald." 

Author:     "Budd  Wilkins  at  the   Show" 

(1898)  :  "Georgie"  (1890)  ;  "Love  Sonnets 
of  an  Office  Boy"  (1902)  ;  "Ballads  of  the 
Busy  Days"  (1903);  "Charles,  the  Chauf- 
feur"  (1905). 

Loren  Laertes  Knox. — Born  at  Morris- 
ville.  X.  Y.,  January  8,  1811;  educated  at 
Cazenovia  (X.  Y.)  Seminary,  and  Wes- 
leyan  University  ( Middletown,  Conn.); 
Professor  of  Greek  in  Lawrence  L^niversity, 
Appleton,  Wis. ;  died  at  Evanston,  January 
18,  1901. 

Author:  "Evangelical  Rationalism" 
(1879). 

John  Harper  Lang. — Born  in  Ohio,  De- 
cember, 1856;  educated  at  Tuebingen, 
Wuerzburg  and  Breslau,  Germany ;  mem- 
ber of  several  scientific  societies ;  Professor 
of  Chemistry  in  Medical  School,  North- 
western University,  since  1881. 

Author:  "Elements  of  General  Chem- 
istry" (1898);  "A  Te.Kt  Book  of  Wine 
Analysis"  ( 1900)  ;  "Laboratory  Manual  of 
Physiological  Chemistry"    (1894). 

William  C  Levere :     "Imperial  America" 

(1899)  ;  "Twixt  Greek  and  Barb"  (1900). 


Arthur  Wilde  Little. — Episcopal  clergy- 
man. 

Author:  "Reasons  for  Being  a  Church- 
man" ( 1886 )  :  "The  Times  and  Teaching  of 
John  Wesley"  :  "The  Intellectual  Life  of  the 
Priest"  ;  "The  Character  of  Washington"  ; 
"The  Maintenance  of  the  Church  Idea." 

Charles  Joseph  Little. — Born  in  Philadel- 
phia, Pa.,  September  21,  1840;  graduated 
at  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1861 ;  Pro- 
fessor in  Dickinson  College,  1874-85 ;  at 
Syracuse  University,  1885-91  ;  President 
Garrett  Biblical  Institute  since  1891. 

Author :  Comprehensive  History  .of 
.America"  ( 1896). 

William  Sinclair  Lord. — Born  in  Syca- 
more, Illinois,  August  24,  1863. 

Author:  "Verses"  (1883);  "Beads  of 
Morning"  (1888);  "Blue  and  Gold" 
(1896);    "Jingle  and  Jangle"  (1899). 

Mrs.  Catherine  Waugh  McCulloch. — 
Born  in  Ransomville,  Niagara  County, 
N.  Y.,  June  4,  1862 ;  educated  in  Illinois ; 
graduated  from  Union  College  of  Law, 
Chicago,  1886;  practiced  law  in  Rockford, 
Illinois,  1886-90,  since  which  time  she  has 
been  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in  Chi- 
cago. 

Author:  "Mr.  Lex:  or,  the  Legal  Status 
of  Mother  and  Child"  (1902). 

William  Smythe  Babcock  Matthews. — 
Born  in  Loudon,  N.  H.,  May  8,  1837  ;  edu- 
cated in  New  Hampshire :  studied  music 
in  Boston ;  practical  teacher  of  music  since 
1853  ;  since  1867  has  been  living  in  Chi- 
cago ;  in  1891  established  and  has  since 
been  editor  of  "Music"  (a  magazine). 

Author:  "How  to  Understand  Music" 
(2  v.,  1880  and  1888)  ;  "Primer  of  Musi- 
cal forms"  ( 1890)  ;  "Music  and  its  Ideals" 
(1897)  ;  "Popular  History  of  Music" 
(1891)  ;  "The  Great  in  Music" — first  and 
second  series  (1900-1902)  ;  "Dictionary  of 
Musical  Terms"  (1895)  ;  "The  Masters 
and  Their  Alusic"  (1898). 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


211 


Samuel  Merwin. — Born  in  Evanston,  Oc- 
tober 6.  1874;  educated  in  Evanston,  De- 
troit  and    Xorthwestern  University. 

Author:  "The  Short  Line  War"  (with 
H.  K.  Webster)  (1899):  "Cahmiet  K." 
(with  same)  ( 1901)  ;  "The  Road  to  Fron- 
tenac"    (1901). 

^Irs.  Emily  Huntington  Miller. — Born  in 
Brooklyn,  Conn.,  October  22,  1833  •  grad- 
uated from  Oberlin  College,  1857  (A.  M.)  ; 
Editor  of  "Little  Corporal,"  afterwards 
combined  with  "St.  Nicholas":  Dean  of 
Woman's  College,  Xorthwestern  L'niversi- 
ty,  1891-98. 

Author:  "From  Avalon"  (poems) 
(1896):  "The  Royal  Road  to  Fortune"; 
"The  Kirkwood  Series"  :  "Captain  Fritz"  ; 
"Little  Neighbors";  "What  Tommy  Did"; 
"The  House  that  Jack  Rented";  "Songs 
from  the  Nest"  (poems)  ( 1894)  ;  "For  the 
Beloved"  (poems). 

Wilbur  Dick  Nesbit. — Born,  Xenia,  Ohio, 
September  16,  1871  ;  educated  in  public 
schools,  Cedarville,  Ohio.      " 

Author:  "Trail  to  Boyland"  (1904); 
"Little  Henry's  Slate"  (1903)  ;  "An  Alpha- 
bet of  History"  (1905). 

Mary  Louise  Xinde:  "We  Two  Alone  in 
Europe"  ( 1886)  ;  "William  Xavier  Xinde  : 
a  Biography"  (1902). 

Mrs.  Minerva  Brace  Xorton. — Author : 
"In  and  Around  Berlin"  (1889);  "Service 
in  the  King's  Guard"   (1891). 

Simon  Xelson  Patten. — Born  in  Illinois, 
May  I,  1852;  educated  in  Illinois:  took  de- 
grees of  A.  M.  and  Ph.  D.  at  University  of 
Halle,  Germany  ;  studied  law  in  Law  School 
Northwestern  University;  in  1888  elected 
Professor  of  Political  Economy  in  the 
Wharton  School  of  F'inance  and  Economy, 
University  of  Pennsylvania. 

Author:  "Taxation  in  American  States 
and  Cities" ;  "Premises  of  Political  Econ- 
omy" ;    "The   Stability  of   Prices" ;    "Con- 


sumption of  Wealth" ;  "Theory  of  Pros- 
perity" (1902). 

Charles  William  Pearson. — Born  in 
Leeds,  England,  August  7,  1846;  graduated 
from  the  Xorthwestern  University  in  187 1, 
and  afterwards  became  professor  of  Eng- 
lish literature  in  the  same  institution ;  he 
resigned  this  position  in  1902,  and  became 
pastor  of  the  Unitarian  church  at  Quincy, 
111.;  died  in  England,  July  11,  1905. 

Author:  "Methodism:  a  Retrospect  and 
Outlook  :  A  Poem"  ( 1891 )  :  "The  Carpenter 
Prophet ;  a  Life  of  Jesus  Christ  and  a  Dis- 
cussion of  His  Ideals"  (1902), 

William  Frederick  Poole. — Born  at  Sa- 
lem, I\Iass.,  December  24,  1821  ;  died  at 
Evanston,  March  i,  1894;  educated  in 
Massachusetts ;  graduated  from  Yale  Col- 
lege in  1849;  '"  1851  became  Assistant  Li- 
brarian of  the  Boston  Athenaeum  and,  in 
the  following  year  was  made  Librarian  of 
the  Mercantile  Library  of  that  city — a  flour- 
ishing institution  subsequently  merged  into 
the  Boston  Public  Library ;  in  1853  attended 
the  first  gathering  of  librarians  ever  held 
in  the  world,  Edward  Everett  Hale  and  Dr. 
Henry  Barnard,  of  Hartford,  being  among 
those  present;  in  1856  returned  to  Boston 
Athenpeuni,  where  he  remained  thirteen 
years;  in  1873  was  called  to  the  Public 
Library  of  Chicago ;  in  1887  took  charge 
of  the  Xewberry  Library,  Chicago ;  con- 
tributed many  papers  to  the  reports  pub- 
lished by  the  United  States  Bureaus  of  Edu- 
cation ;  in  1887  was  President  of  the 
American  Historical  Association ;  in  1882 
received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.  D. 
from  X'orthwestern  University ;  died  at 
Evanston,  March  i,  1894. 

Author:  "Poole's  Index  to  Periodical 
Literature"  (with  W.  I.  Fletcher)  (4  v., 
1882-1893)  :  "Anti-slavery  Opinions  before 
the  Year  1800"  (1873);  "Columbus  and 
the  Finding  of  the  Xew  World"  (1892). 

Miner    Raymond. — Born    in    New    York 


212 


EVANSTON  AUTHORS 


City,  August  29,  181 1  ;  graduated  from 
Wesleyan  Academy.  Vyilbraham,  Mass.,  in 
1831  :  instructor  in  same;  LL.  D.  in  1884; 
Professor  of  Systematic  Theology  in  Gar- 
rett Biblical  Institute,  1864-97;  *i''^d  at  Ev- 
anston  November  25,  1897. 

Author:  "Systematic  Theology"  (3  v., 
1877). 

Henry  Bascom  Ridgaway. — Born  in  Tal- 
bot County  Md..  September  7,  1830;  gradu- 
ated from  Dickinson  College  (Penn.)  in 
1849 ;  Professor  of  Historical  Theology  in 
Garrett  Biblical  Institute  in  1882;  Presi- 
dent of  same  in  1884 ;  died  Alarch  30,  1895. 

Author :  "The  Lord's  Land."  ( 1876)  ; 
"Life  of  Alfred  Cookman"  (  1871 )  ;  "Life 
of  Bishop  Janes"  (1882)  ;  "Life  of  Bishop 
Waugh"  (1883);  "Life  of  Bishop  Simp- 
son"  (1885). 

Charles  Humphrey  Roberts. — Author : 
"Down  the  O-hi-o"  (1891). 

Henry  Wade  Rogers. — Born  Holland 
Patent,  N.  Y.,  October  10,  1853;  graduated 
from  University  of  Michigan,  1874; 
(A.  M.  and  LL.D.  Wesleyan  L'niversity, 
Conn.)  ;  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1877;  Pro- 
fessor of  Law  in  the  Law  School  of  the 
University  of  Michigan,  1883 ;  Dean  of 
same,  1885-90;  President  of  Northwestern 
University,  1890-1901  ;  Chairman  of 
Worlds'  Congress  on  Jurisprudence  and 
Law  Reform,  World's  Columbian  E.xposi- 
tion,  Chicago,  1893 ;  General  Chairman  of 
the  Saratoga  Conference  on  the  Foreign 
Policy  of  the  United  States,  1898 ;  Profes- 
sor of  Law  in  Yale  University,  since  Sep- 
tember, 1 90 1. 

Author:  "Illinois  Citations"  (1881); 
■"Law  of  Expert  Testimony"  (1883 — 2d 
ed.,  1891). 

Robert  Dickinson  Sheppard. — Born  near 
Chicago.  111..  July,  23,  1847;  graduated  at 
Chicago  L^niversity  in  1869:  at  Garrett  Bib- 
lical Institute  1870;  Professor  of  History  at 
Northwestern  L^niversity.  1886  to  1903. 


Author;    "Abraham  Lincoln"  (1903). 

Edwin  Llewellyn  Shuman. — Born  in 
Manor  Township,  Pa.,  December  13,  1863; 
educated  in  Cook  County  Normal  School 
and  Englewood  High  School ;  editorial 
writer  on  "Chicago  Journal."  1892-95  ;  lit- 
erary editor  and  editorial  writer  on  "Chica- 
go Tribune,"  1895-1901  ;  literary  editor 
"Chicago  Record-Herald,"   1901   to  date. 

Author:  "Steps  into  Journalism"  (1894)  ; 
"Practical  Journalism"    (1903). 

]\Iatthew  Simpson. — Born  at  Cadiz,  Ohio, 
June  20,  1811;  attended  Madison  (Pa.) 
College ;  became  tutor  in  same ;  in  1837 
Professor  of  Natural  Science  in  Alleghany 
College ;  President  of  Indiana  Asbury 
i^niversity  1839-48;  elected  Bishop  of 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  in  1852 ;  Presi- 
dent of  Garrett  Biblical  Institute  in  1859 : 
died  in  Philadelphia  June  18,  1884. 

Author:  "Cyclopaedia  of  Methodism" 
( 1878)  ;  "One  Hundred  Years  of  Method- 
ism" (1876);  "Lectures  on  Preaching" 
(1879);  "Sermons"   (1885). 

Alice  Bunker  Stockham. — Born  in  Ohio, 
in  1833,  of  Quaker  parentage;  graduated 
from  the  Eclectic  Medical  College,  Cincin- 
nati ;  practiced  in  Indiana  and  Chicago ; 
established  the  Stockham  Publishing  Com- 
pany, of  which  she  is  President,  to  publish 
her  own  works  and  other  "advanced" 
books ;  was  a  leader  in  the  introduction  of 
"sloyd"  in  Chicago  public  schools ;  active 
worker  for  social  purity,  woman  suffrage 
and  social  reform. 

Author :  "Tokology :  a  Book  of  Mater- 
nity" (  1883)  ;  "Koradine"  (1893)  ;  "Karez- 
za"  (1896);  "Tolstoi:  a  Alan  of  Peace" 
(1900). 

Charles  Macaulay  Stuart.  —  Born  in 
Glasgow,  Scotland,  August  20,  1853;  grad- 
uated from  Kalamazoo  College  in  1880; 
D.  D.,  Garrett  Biblical  Institute  ;  Associate 
editor  of  the  "Michigan  Christian  Advo- 
cate"   (1885-86);  Assistant  editor  "North- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


213 


western  Christian  Advocate"  (1886-96); 
Professor  of  Sacred  Rhetoric  in  Garrett 
BibHcal  Institute  since  1896. 

Author:  "Text  of  Photogravures  of  the 
Holy  Land"  (1890);  "Life  and  Selected 
Writings  of  Francis  Dana  Hemenway" 
(with  C.  F.  Bradley  and  A.  W.  Patten) 
(1890):  "\'ision  of  Christ  in  the  Poet" 
(1896);     "Story    of    the    Master    Pieces" 

(1897). 

Milton  Spenser  Terry. — Born  Coeymans, 
N.  Y.,  February  2.2,  1840;  educated  at  Troy 
University  and  Yale  Divinity  School ;  A. 
M.  Wesleyan  L'niversity.  1871  ;  D.  D.,  same 
institution,  1880;  LL.  D.,  Xorthwestern 
L'niversity,  1895  •  Professor  in  Garrett  Bib- 
lical Institute,  Evanston,  since  1885. 

Author:  "Commentary  on  the  Old  Tes- 
tament" (1875):  "Biblical  Hermeneutics" 
(1883);  "The  Sibylline  Oracles"  (1890); 
"Rambles  in  the  Old  World"  (1894): 
"Biblical  Apocalyptics"  (1898). 

David  Decamp  Thompson. — Born  April 
29,  1852,  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio ;  graduated  at 
Ohio  Wesleyan  University ;  editor  of 
"Northwestern  Christian  Advocate"  since 
1901. 

Author:  "Abraham  Lincoln":  "John 
Wesley  as  a  Social  Reformer." 

Edward  Tlxomson.  —  Born  at  Portsea, 
England,  October  12,  1810:  came  to  Amer- 
ica with  his  parents  in  1818;  grad,uated 
from  the  medical  department  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania :  in  charge  of  Norwalk 
(Ohio)  Seminary,  1838-43;  elected  Bishop 
of  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  1864: 
died  March  22,  1870. 

Author:  "Evidences  of  Revealed  Re- 
ligion"; "Moral  and  Religious  Essays" 
(3  vols.)  ;  "Oriental  Missions"  (2  vols.). 

Charles  Burton  Thwing. — Born  at  Ther- 
esa, N.  Y.,  March  4,  i860;  graduated  from 
Xorthwestern  University.  1888;  Ph.  D.. 
Bonn,  Germany,  1894:  Professor  of  Phy- 
sics, Knox  College,  Galesburg,  111.,  since 
1896. 


Author: "An  Elementary  Physics, "( 1894). 

Henry  Kitchell  Webster. — Born  in  Evan- 
ston, September  7,  1875;  graduated  from 
Hamilton  College,  N.  Y.,  1897,  (Ph.  iM.)  ; 
Instructor  in  Rhetoric  Union  College, 
Schenectady,  N.  Y.  (1897-8). 

Author:  "The  Short  Line  War"  (with 
Samuel  Merwin)  (1899);  "The  Banker 
and  the  Bear"  (1900)  ;  "Calumet  K"  (with 
Samuel  Merwin)  (1901);  "Roger  Drake" 
(1902). 

David  Hilton  Wheeler. — Born  at  Ithaca, 
X.  Y.,  November  19,  1829;  attended  Rock 
River  Seminary;  Professor  of  Greek  in 
Cornell  College :  LT.  S.  Consul  at  Genoa, 
Italy,  1861  to  1866 ;  Professor  of  English 
Literature  at  Northwestern  L^niversity, 
1867  to  1875  ;  for  a  part  of  this  time  (  1867 
to  1869)  being  acting  president;  editor  of 
"The  Methodist,"  1875  to  1883;  President 
of  Allegheny  College,  1883  to  1892 ;  died 
at  Meadville.  Pa.,  June   18,   1902. 

Author:  "Brigandage  in  South  Italy" 
(1864)  ;  "By-Ways  of  Literature"  (1883)  ; 
"Our  Industrial  Utopia." 

Mrs.  Irene  Grosvenor  Wheelock :  "Nest- 
lings of  Forest  and  Marsh"  (1902). 

John  Henry  Wigmore. — Born  in  San 
Francisco,  Cal. ;  graduated  from  Harvard 
University  with  degree  of  A.  B.,  1803,  LL. 
B.,  1887 ;  Professor  of  Law  at  Northwest- 
ern University  from  1893. 

.Author:  "Materials  for  the  Study  of 
Private  Law  in  Old  Japan"  (1892)  ;  "The 
.Australian  Ballot  System"  (1889);  "Si.x- 
teenth  Edition  of  Greenleaf  on  Evidence," 
\"ol.  I.(  i8q9)  ;  "Treatise  on  Evidence"  (4 
vols.,  1904-5). 

Mrs.  Caroline  McCoy  Willard. — Author: 
"Life  in  .Alaska"  ( 1884)  ;  "Kin-da-shon's 
Wife;  an  .Alaskan  Story"   (1892). 

Frances  Elizabeth  Willard. — Born  Sep- 
tember 28,  1839,  at  Churchville,  near 
Rochester,  X'.  Y. ;  graduated  from  Xorth- 
western University  and  took  degree  of  A. 
M.  from  Syracuse  University ;   in  1862  was 


214 


E^'A^XSTOX  AUTHORS 


Professor  of  Natural  Science  at  the  North- 
western Female  College,  Evanston,  Illinois  ; 
in  1866-67  was  Preceptress  in  the  Wesleyan 
Seminary,  Lima,  N.  Y. :  in  1871  was  Presi- 
dent of  the  Women's  College  of  North- 
western University,  and  Professor  of  Aes- 
thetics in  the  University:  in  1874  was  ap- 
pointed Corresponding  Secretary  of  the  Na- 
tional Women's  Christian  Temperance 
Union  and,  in  1879,  was  made  President 
of  that  body — the  largest  society  ever  organ- 
ized, conducted  and  controlled  exclusively 
by  women.  She  traveled  extensively  in  the 
interest  of  the  society  and  visited  every 
State  anil  Territory  in  the  Union;  in  1884 
helped  establish  the  Prohibition  Party; 
originated  a  petition  against  the  importation 
and  manufacture  of  alcohol  and  opium, 
which  was  signed  by  seven  million  persons ; 
was  editor  of  the  '"Chicago  Post."  the 
■'Union  Signal,"  and  other  journals ;  died 
in  New  York,  February  18,  1898. 

Author:  "Nineteen  Beautiful  Years" 
(1863)  ;  "Hints  and  Help  in  Temperance 
Work"  (1875);  "Women  and  Temper- 
ance" (1883);  "How  to  Win"  (1886); 
'■\\'onian  in  the  Pulpit"  (1888)  ;  "Glimpses 
of  Fifty  Years"  :  "The  Autobiography  of  an 
American  Woman." 

Josiah  Flynt  Willard. — Born  in  Appleton, 
Wisconsin,  January  2^,  1869;  educated  in 
Berlin  University  (1890-95). 

Author:  "Tramping  with  Tramps" 
(1899)  •  "Powers  that  Prey"  (with  Francis 
Walton)  (1900):  "Notes  of  an  Itinerant 
Policeman"  (1900):  "World  of  Graft" 
(1900). 

S.  R.  Winchell. — Author:  "Latin  Prose 
Composition"  (1875);  "Lessons  in  Greek 
Syntax"   (1886). 

Erwin  E.  Wood. — Born  at  Plainfield,  111.. 
February  6,  1848 ;  student  at  Northwestern 
University  and  Garrett  Biblical  Institute, 
1864  to  1869 ;  engaged  in  editorial  work  in 
Chicago  and  New  York. 

Author:     "Epigraph   Album"    (1880). 


Abram  \'an  Eps  Young. — Born  in  She-- 
boygan,  Wisconsin,  June  5,  1853;  grad- 
uated from  the  L'niversity  of  Michigan  in 
1875  ;  Fellow  in  Chemistry,  Johns  Hopkins 
University ;  Assistant  in  Chemistry,  Har- 
vard University ;  Professor  in  Chemistry 
at  Northwestern  University  since  1885. 

Author:  "The  Elementary  Principles  of 
Chemistry"  (1901)  ;"Suggestions  to  Teach- 
ers, Designed  to  accompany  the  Elementary 
Principles  of  Chemistry"    (1901). 

Jane  Eggleston  Zimmerman. — Author: 
"Gray  Heads  on  Green  Shoulders." 

Charles  Zueblin. — Born  in  Pendleton,  In- 
diana, May  4,  1866  ;  graduated  from  North- 
western University  in  1887,  and  from  Yale 
in  1889;  founded  Northwestern  University 
Settlement,  1892 ;  was  the  first  Secretary 
of  the  Chicago  Society  for  University  Ex- 
tension. 1892 ;  Secretary  of  Class  Study 
Division  of  the  L'niversity  Extension  De- 
partment of  the  L^niversity  of  Chicago, 
1892 ;  member  of  various  municipal,  politi- 
cal and  social  science  leagues ;  associate 
Professor  of  Sociology  in  the  University  of 
Chicago  since  1896. 

Author :  "American  Municipal  Prog- 
ress" (1902). 

The  general  character  of  the  works  of 
the  authors  given  above  is  shown  in  the  fol- 
lowing classification,  arranged  in  the  order 
given  in  "Dewey's  Manual  of  Classifica- 
tion :" 

Bibliography 4  (=  1.5  percent) 

Political  Economy  and  Law  -  26  (=  lo.o  "  ) 

Philology    -     .     I     ...     -  14  (=  5.4  "  ) 

Science -  51  (=  19.5  "  ) 

Art  and  Music 9  (=  3-4  "  ) 

Fiction,  Essays  and  Poetry   -  103  (^  39.5  "  ) 

Biography   - 25  (=  9.6  "  ) 

History 2q  {=  Ii.I  "  ) 

Total 261     (=  loo.o         " 

Among  the  works  thus  fortuitously 
brought  together  as  those  of  Evanston 
authors,  we  find  a  wide  range  of  author- 
ship, from  the  comics  of  Nesbit  and  Kiser 
to  the  profundity  of  Raymond's  "Systematic 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


215 


Theology"  and  Poole's  "Index  to  Periodical 
Literature."  As  usual  in  a  general  line  of 
literary  productions,  the  Fiction,  Essays  and 
Poetry  in  the  above  table  form  about  40 
per  cent  of  the  whole,  corresponding  in  a 
general  way  with  the  proportion  observed 
in  the  circulation  of  a  public  library.  Sci- 
ence, Political  Economy  and  Physiology, 
taken  together,  make  up  about  35  per  cent ; 
and  when  the  25  per  cent  of  the  remainder 
is  shown  as  History,  Biography  and  the 
Fine  Arts,  the  solid  and  serious  character 
given  to  the  whole  is  sufficiently  apparent. 
From  this  may  be  inferred  a  high  general 
average  of  culture  and  learning  among  the 
writers.  The  works  mentioned  in  the  above 
list  are  not  confined  to  the  English  lan- 
guage, for  here  we  find  the  productions  of 
Hatfield  and  Gray  in  Genuan  :  and  it  is  like- 
ly, if  the  search  had  been  more  thorough, 
there     would     have     appeared     others     in 


tongues  far  remote  from  our  beloved  ver- 
nacular. Had  it  been  a  part  of  the  plan  of 
this  chapter  to  eiuunerate  the  contributions 
to  periodical  literature  and  to  the  printed 
proceedings  of  learned  societies,  the  intel- 
lectual activities  of  the  writers  who  now 
make  their  dwelling  place  in  Evanston  or 
have  done  so  at  some  time  in  the  past,' would 
have  shown  a  much  more  extended  range 
and  increase  in  number, 

Macaulay  said  that  "one  shelfful  of 
European  books  was  worth  more  than  the 
whole  native  literature  of  India."  Here  is 
presented  what  may  be  the  equivalent  of  a 
"shelfl:'ur'  and  even  more,  and  it  is  a  satis- 
faction to  find  this  weighty  characterization 
of  Macaulay  thus  fairly  applied  to  the  pro- 
ductions emanating  from  one  community 
among  all  the  great  numbers  of  centers  of 
intelligence  to  be  found  in  our  countrv. 


CHAPTER  XXIV. 


LIBRARIES— PUBLIC   AND    PRIVATE 

(By  MAKY  B.  LINDSAY,  Librarian) 


Evanston's  First  Library — Major  Miilford, 
the  "Gcntlcmau  Pioneer  of  Evanston" — 
Some  Specimens  of  His  Library — First 
Sunday  School  Library — Friz'ate  Libra- 
ries of  Today — Unique  Collection  of  Cu- 
rios— History  of  Evanston  Free  Public 
Library  —  Edward  Eggleston  Prime 
Mover  in  Its  Founding — First  Step  in 
Organisation — Later  History  and  Grozvth 
— Roll  of  Librarians  and  Other  Officers 
— Cataloguing  and  Library  Extension — 
Internal  Management  and  Conditions — 
Site  for  a  Library  Building  Secured  in 
1904. 

The  first  collection  of  books  brought  to- 
gether in  Evanston  was.  without  doubt,  that 
of  the  private  library  of  the  late  Major  Ed- 
ward H.  Alulford,  who  came  here  in  1835 
and  settled  on  the  Ridge  road.  The  old  Kirk 
mansion  on  Ridge  Avenue,  we  are  told,  con- 
tains within  itself  a  part  of  Major  Mul- 
ford's  old  home,  the  first  place  occupied 
by  him  in  what  was  at  a  later  date  called 
"Ridgeville."  The  later  home  of  the  family 
was  the  homestead  which  still  stands  on  the 
corner  of  Ridge  and  Mulford  Avenues. 
This  place,  with  its  background  of  wooded 
grove,  its  grounds  fragrant  with  flowers, 
facing  Ridge  road,  whose  avenue  of  oaks 
extended  to  the  Rogers  Park  line,  was  one 
of  the  most  picturesque  of  the  early  homes 
of  the  place. 


Major  Mulford  was  called  the  "gentle- 
man pioneer  of  Evanston,"  because  it  was 
rare  in  those  early  days  to  possess  much  ed- 
ucation or  to  own  a  library.  Of  the  size  of 
this  library  we  have  no  exact  data.  Mrs. 
Pliny  Brown  of  Chicago,  Major  Mulford's 
granddaughter,  says  her  earliest  recollec- 
tion is  of  three  large  book  cases  full  of 
books. 

Major  Mulford  died  March  5,  1878,  and 
the  books,  with  the  rest  of  the  property, 
were  divided  among  the  members  of  the 
family.  Many  of  these  books  are  retained 
by  Mrs.  Pliny  Brown,  who  kindly  fur- 
nished a  list  of  them.  Of  these  some  of  the 
interesting  early  editions  are : 

"John  Ouincy  Adams,"  by  W.  H.  Sew- 
ard.  Derby,  1849. 

Macaulay's  "History  of  England."  Har- 
per, 1849.    (^st  Amer.  ed.) 

"Life  and  Writings  of  Dr.  Chalmers." 
Harper,  1849-52. 

"Washington's  Agricultural  Correspond- 
ence," by  Franklin  Knight.   1847. 

"Louis  the  Fourteenth  and  the  Court  of 
France,  in  the  Seventeenth  Century,"  by 
Miss  Pardoe,  Harper,  1847. 

"The  Near  and  Heavenly  Horizon ;  Re- 
marks on  Ecclesiastical  History,"  by  John 
Jastin.   Holbourn,  1752. 

A  notable  book  of  local  interest  is  "Wau- 
bun :  or,  The  Early  Day  in  the  Northwest," 
by  Mrs.  John  H.  Kinzie  of  Chicago,  pub- 


217 


2l8 


LIBRARIES— PUBLIC   AND    PRIVATE 


lished  in  1856.  Of  this  book  the  "London 
AthenjEiim"  of  that  date  said  :  "Written  in 
perfectly  simple,  unpretending  style,  but 
with  a  keen  perception  of  humor  and  a 
genuine  love  of  adventure,  which  makes  it 
very  fascinating  to  read." 

The  old  family  Bible  is  dated  1813,  the 
year  of  Major  Mulford's  marriage. 

Among  Major  Mulford's  books  left  in 
trust  of  later  tenants  of  the  old  home- 
stead, are  a  number  of  school-books,  many 
of  which  bear  interesting  autographs  and 
notes  made  by  members  of  the  family.  We 
are  indebted  to  Mr.  Francis  J.  McAssey 
for  many  descriptive  notes  upon  these 
books.  In  Lindley  Murray's  English  Read- 
er, Lexington,  Ky.,  1824,  the  poem  by 
Wordsworth,  the  "Pet  Lamb,"  is  marked 
(apparently  in  Major  Mulford's  handwrit- 
ing ) ,  to  the  effect  that  this  poem  was 
"learned  by  Ann  at  the  age  of  seven  years 
for  her  father,  who  was  to  pay  her  25 
cents."  The  names  also  occur  of  E.  H. 
Mulford,  George  G.  Mulford,  James  John- 
son Mulford ;  Anna  Mulford,  Monticello 
Female  Seminary ;  Mary  Mulford,  Kemper 
Hall,  Kenosha,  Wis. 

The  autograph  of  William  S.  Gibbs,  Chi- 
cago High  School,  is  found  in  Hilliard's 
First  Reader,  Boston,  1857. 

Among  other  school  books  used  in  those 
early  days  was  "Abercrombie's  Intellectual 
Philosophy,"  Boston,  184 1 ;  "Porter's  An- 
alysis," Andover,  1828;  "Newman's  Rhet- 
oric," Andover,  1839.  "Comstock's  Philos- 
ophy," New  York,  is  inscribed  as  belonging 
to  William  Orr  "Junor,"  "Covington  Pres- 
byterian Collegiate  Institute." 

An  animated  school-room  correspond- 
ence had  evidently  been  conducted  upon 
the  fly-leaves  at  intervals  during  the  study 
of  philosophy,  between  the  owner  and  a 
rival  in  regard  to  their  aft'ections  for  one 
C.  Lindley,  who  is  described  as  "anjellick." 
It    is    interesting    to    speculate    who    "Bill" 


Orr  and  his  rival,  "John  Mc,"  were,  and 
what  finally  became  of  their  beautiful  "Miss 
C.  Lindley,"  all  of  whom  "went  to  school  to 
Mister  Heir." 

We  note  the  contents  of  "Specimens  of 
American  Poetry,"  arranged  by  Samuel 
Kettell,  Boston,  1829;  Whittier,  Richard 
Henry  Dana  and  George  Bancroft  are  each 
represented  by  one  poem,  Longfellow  by 
three,  Bryant  by  nine  and  John  G.  C.  Brain- 
ard  by  ten.  Whittier  is  spoken  of  in  a 
biographical  sketch  as  "one  of  the  most 
youthful  of  our  poets,  and  his  verses  show 
a  more  than  common  maturity  of  power 
.  .  .  the  editor  of  the  'American  Manu- 
facturer,' a  newspaper  of  Boston." 

"Hoyle's  Games,"  New  York,  1829,  con- 
tains, among  other  games,  "A  Practical 
Treatise  on  the  Game  of  Gofif,  or  Golf," 
showing  that  golf  was  played  "according  to 
Hoyle"  even  in  those  early  days. 

The  following  quotation  is  found  written 
on  the  last  page  of  Chesterfield's  "Men  and 
Manners,"  New  York,  1831  :  "To  do  jus- 
tice, to  love  mercy,  and  to  walk  humbly 
with  thy  God,"  signed  "E.  H.  Mulford"— 
this  quotation,  evidently,  as  the  present 
owner  of  the  book  observes,- "describing  a 
Christian  gentleman  better,  to  the  Major's 
mind,  than  the  whole  book  he  had  finished 
reading." 

"Thomas  Jefferson's  Manual  of  Par- 
liamentary Rules,"  Philadelphia,  1853,  is 
another  book  worthy  of  note.  "The  New 
York  Book,"  New  York,  Geo.  Dearborn, 
publisher,  1837,  compiled  from  poetical 
writings  of  natives  of  New  York  State, 
contains  "An  Address  to  Black  Hawk," 
evidently  inspired  by  witnessing  Black 
Hawk  led  captive  through  some  eastern 
city.  This  book  contains  the  autograph  of 
Mrs.  Bertha  Gibbs. 

Another  contribution  to  the  history  of 
New  York  is  "Rochester  and  Western  New 
York,"  by  Henry  O'Reilly,  Rochester,  1838, 


II 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


219 


containing  maps  and  illustrations  of  the 
city,  also  steel  engravings  of  Colonel 
Rochester,  after  whom  the  city  (Rochester) 
was  named,  and  \'incent  Matthews,  the 
first  lawyer  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Ontario 
County,  then  (1790)  comprising  all  that 
part  of  the  State  west  of  Seneca  Lake. 
This  book  also  covers  fully  the  develop- 
ment of  the  Erie  Canal  and  early  railroad 
projects.  Henry  C^'Reilly.  the  author  of  this 
book,  is  said  to  have  edited  the  first  news- 
paper published  west  of  New  York  City. 

The  "Musical  Carcanet,"  New  York. 
1832,  contains  the  words  and  music  of  "the 
most  admired  popular  songs  arranged  for 
the  voice,  flute  and  violin."  In  a  collection 
of  poems,  entitled  "Elegant  E.xtracts."  is 
included  a  poem  called  "The  Lighthouse," 
credited  to  Tom  Moore,  which  is  not  to  be 
found  in  any  of  the  current  editions  of 
Moore's  works. 

Perhaps  the  most  interesting  book,  in  its 
bearing  on  local  history,  is  "Laws  of  Illi- 
nois," published  at  \'andalia  in  1833 — that 
city  being  at  that  time  the  capital  of  the 
State.  This  book  is  now  the  property  of 
the  Evanston  Historical  Society.  It  is  espe- 
cially interesting  from  the  fact  that  ^lajor 
Mulford  was  a  Justice  of  the  Peace,  and  is 
said  to  have  held  the  first  court  in  Cook 
County — which  would  not  be  at  all  sur- 
prising when  we  consider  that,  in  1833, 
Chicago  had  only  twenty-nine  voters,  com- 
prising the  entire  adult  male  po])ulation  in 
the  election  of  that  year.  This  book  prob- 
ably furnished  Justice  Mulford  all  the  legal 
lore  necessary  to  the  settlement  of  all  liti- 
gation arising  from  cattle  breaking  down 
fences,  etc.,  in  what  is  now  the  City  of  Ev- 
anston. Another  book,  now  in  possession 
of  the  Evanston  Historical  Society,  is  Dr. 
Isaac  Mnlford's  "History  of  New  Jersey," 
1845.  The  author  was  a  brother  of  Major 
Mulford,  and  the  book  bears  the  names  of 
"Isaac  Mulford"     and     "E.     H.     Mulford, 


Ridgeville,  111."  "Scott's  Lessons,"  a  school 
book,  published  in  1823  and  bearing  the 
autograph  of  E.  H.  Alulford.  was  also  pre- 
sented to  the  Evanston  Historical  Society. 

An  e.xample  of  the  progress  of  science  of 
that  day  is  furnished  in  "Bigelow's  Tech- 
nology." published  in  1815,  and  especially 
interesting  from  the  fact  that  its  author 
deemed  it  incomprehensible  that  the  steam 
engine  could  ever  be  improved  beyoncl  its 
capacity  at  that  time. 

Among  the  works  in  the  line  of  fiction 
current  in  the  first  few  years  of  Major  Mnl- 
ford's residence  in  Evanston  may  be  men- 
tioned:  Beaconsfield's  "Young  Duke,"  1831, 
and  "\'ivian  Grey,"  1826;  Cooper's  "Home- 
ward Bound,"  Philadelphia,  1838.  One  of 
the  novels  of  a  later  date  is  "The  Schcen- 
berg-Cotta  Family."  by  Mrs.  Charles,  1863. 

First  Sunday  School  Library. — Close- 
ly allied  with  the  history  of  this  first  Ev- 
anston library  was  the  first  Sunday  School 
Library.  This  Sunday  School,  which  was 
the  seed  from  which  sprang  the  present 
First  Methodist  Sunday  School,  was  start- 
ed at  the  old  Mulford  place  and  afterward 
moved  to  the  log  school-house  which  stood 
on  the  corner  of  Greenleaf  Street  and  the 
Ridge.  Mr.  Abraham  Wigelsworth  was 
then  the  Superintendent.  Mrs.  Kate  Hag- 
arty,  now  of  Ravenswood,  then  Mrs.  Ed- 
ward Mulford.  who  was  at  one  time  Super- 
intendent, librarian  and  choir  leader, 
brought  with  her  from  the  East,  about  1834, 
a  collection  of  fifty  books,  which  she  pre- 
sented to  this  Sunday  School,  thus  found- 
ing the  first  Sunday  Sciiool  Library  in  Ev- 
anston. 

Private  Libraries  of  Today. — The 
library  belonging  to  Dr.  Daniel  Bonbright. 
Dean  of  the  College  of  Liberal  .\rts.  North- 
western University,  is  without  doubt  the 
oldest  of  the  existing  private  libraries  of 
Evanston.  Dr.  Bonbright.  who  came  to  Ev- 
anston in  1855,  is  the  oldest  member  of  the 


220 


LIBRARIES— PUBLIC   AND    PRIVATE 


Faculty  of  Northwestern  University ;  his 
library  has  grown  up  in  connection  with  his 
chair  of  instruction  in  the  Latin  language 
and  literature,  and  naturally  its  most  im- 
portant scope  is  in  that  direction. 

Notable  among  the  early  libraries  of  Ev- 
anston  may  be  mentioned  that  of  the  late 
Rev.  Francis  D.  Hemenway,  D.D.,  who 
came  here  in  1857  as  Principal  of  the  Pre- 
paratory Department  of  Garrett  Biblical 
Institute  and  later  became  Professor  in  the 
Institute.  He  was  Librarian  of  the  Insti- 
tute for  many  years  and  until  his  death  in 
1884.  Dr.  Hemenway  was  a  member  of 
the  sub-committee  to  revise  the  Methodist 
Hymn  Book  in  1876,  and  during  this  work 
he  gathered  about  200  volumes  on  hymnol- 
ogy.  This  remarkable  collection  was  pre- 
sented to  Garrett  Biblical  Institute  in  1891 
by  his  son,  Henry  B.  Hemenway,  M.  D. 
About  seventy-five  volumes,  once  a  part  of 
this  early  library,  are  now  in  the  possession 
of  the  Evanston  Free  Public  Library,  hav- 
ing been  presented  by  Dr.  H.  B.  Hemen- 
way. 

Besides  possessing  the  remainder  of  his 
father's  library.  Dr.  Henry  B.  Hemenway 
has  a  collection  numbering  about  600  vol- 
umes, more  than  one-half  of  which  are 
medical  works.  This  library  contains  the 
following  quaint  old  volumes:  "The  Cruci- 
fied Jesus ;  or,  A  Full  Account  of  the  Na- 
ture, Design  and  Benefits  of  the  Lord's 
Supper,"  by  Anthony  Harneck,  D.D.,  pub- 
lished by  Lowndes  in  London,  1700;  an  ex- 
tract from  Mr.  Law's  "Serious  Call  to  the 
Holy  Life,"  by  Rev.  John  Wesley,  Phila- 
delphia, 1803 ;  "Rhetorical  Reader,  with 
Rhetorical  Exercises,"  by  Ebenezer  Porter, 
D.D.,  New  York,  1835 — a  very  popular 
reader  some  sixty  years  ago  and  probably 
the  first  work  published  on  oratory :  a  very 
early  medical  work,  "Nine  Commentaries 
LTpon  Fevers  and  Two  Epistles  Concerning 
the   Smallpox,"   London,    1730;  a  rare  old 


book  entitled,  "Some  of  the  Beauties  of 
Free  Masonry,"  by  Joshua  Bradley,  1816, 
has  quite  a  history,  having  been  left  by  an 
American  soldier  at  the  home  of  Mrs.  Hem- 
enway's  grandmother,  at  Matamoras,  Mex- 
ico. It  bears  its  early  owner's  signature, 
John  R.  Bowdish.  1822. 

Among  other  early  Evanstonians.  whose 
libraries  were  a  source  of  inspiration  to  the 
youth  of  that  day,  may  be  mentioned  the 
following : 

Judge  Harvey  B.  Hurd,  who  came  to  Ev- 
anston in  1855,  and  whose  library  was  un- 
fortunately destroyed  by  fire  in  recent 
years. 

Rev.  Henry  Bannister,  D.D.,  who  lived 
and  taught  in  Evanston  twenty-seven  years, 
coming  here  in  1856. 

Dr.  Oliver  Marcy,  who  became  Professor 
of  Natural  History  in  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity in  1862,  and  left  at  his  deatlj,  in 
1899,  a  well  selected  library. 

Mr.  L.  H.  Boutell,  who  came  to  Evanston 
in  1865  and  was  identified  with  the  foun- 
ding of  the  Public  Library.  His  private  li- 
brar}-  was  a  carefully  selected,  scholarly 
collection. 

Edward  Eggleston,  who  came  here  in 
1866  as  editor  of  the  "Little  Corporal."  and 
whose  private  library  had  such  an  important 
part  in  the  initial  steps  that  led  to  the  found- 
ing of  the  Free  Public  Library. 

Probably  the  largest  and  most  valuable 
private  collection  of  books  in  Evanston  is 
that  belonging  to  Mrs.  Charles  J.  Morse, 
whose  library  of  about  10,200  volumes  con- 
sists of  three  departments:  (a)  Profession- 
al Engineering;  (b)  General  Literature; 
(c)  Art,  with  especial  reference  to  Oriental 
.*\rt  (Japan,  China  and  India). 

The  Art  Collection  serves  to  trace  the 
history  of  Oriental  Art  from  India  into 
China,  from  China  into  Japan,  and  its  de- 
velopment in  each  country.  The  collection 
of  books  in  English,  French  and  German, 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


221 


relating  to  the  History,  Religions,  Arts 
and  Industries,  etc.,  of  Japan,  China, 
India,  Ceylon  and  other  Buddhist  countries, 
is  more  complete  than  any  similar  collec- 
tion to  be  found  in  any  of  the  large  libraries 
of  Chicago. 

Supplementing  the  above  library  is  a  col- 
lection of  (a)  "The  Art;  or,  Illustrated 
Books  of  Japan,"  and  (b)  "The  Art,  Liter- 
ature and  History  of  Art  of  China."  The 
former  is  an  attempt  to  form  a  complete 
collection  of  the  art  and  illustrated  books  of 
Japan  from  the  beginning  of  their  publi- 
cation, about  1608,  to  the  present  time,  so 
far  as  they  were  of  value  to  art.  This  col- 
lection of  about  700  titles  is  representative 
and  probably  more  complete  than  any  in 
this  country  or  in  Europe,  the  similar  de- 
partment in  the  Bibliotheque  Nationale  of 
Paris  containing,  in  1900,  only  581  titles. 

The  Chinese  books  consist  of  some  5,000 
volumes,  containing  nearly  the  complete  lit- 
erature of  the  art  of  painting  in  China,  as 
well  as  Encyclopedias,  Histories,  the  Clas- 
sics, Essays  and  Belles-Lettres.  In  this  de- 
partment is  found  the  largest  encyclopedia 
ever  published  in  any  country,  consisting  of 
1,628  volumes,  profusely  illustrated. 

One  of  the  largest  of  the  private  collec- 
tions in  Evanston  is  that  of  Dr.  Robert  D. 
Sheppard,  whose  library,  occupying  a  beau- 
tiful room  on  the  east  side  of  his  home, 
facing  the  lake,  contains  about  5,000  vol- 
umes. Dr.  Sheppard  has  made  special  col- 
lections of  English  and  American  history 
and  economics. 

Mr.  Walter  Lee  Brown's  library,  of  about 
4,000  volumes,  contains  many  sets  of  the 
earlier  authors  of  England  and  America 
and  few  of  the  present.  It  consists  largely 
of  first  editions  of  Cooper,  Hawthorne,  Irv- 
ing and  Poe,  and  contains  special  collec- 
tions of  the  various  editions  of  the  "Medita- 
tions of  Marcus  Aurelius  Antoninus"  and 
White's   "Natural   History  and  Antiquities 


of  Selborne."  Mr.  Brown  has  also  made 
a  special  collection  of  "Chap  Books,"  most 
of  which  were  published  during  the  eigh- 
teenth century,  one  being  dated  as  early  as 
1696. 

Mr.  Frank  M.  Elliott  has  a  library  of 
about  2,200  volumes,  consisting  of  standard 
books  in  fiction  and  miscellaneous  classes. 
Mr.  Elliott  also  has  made  a  valuable  collec- 
tion of  works  on  Lincoln  and  Illinois,  and 
Mrs.  Elliott  has  a  useful  musical  library. 

The  library  of  Mr.  Charles  Cleveland,  of 
about  1,600  volumes,  is  one  of  the  most 
valuable  private  collections  in  Evanston. 
Most  of  the  volumes  are  large  paper  and  de 
luxe  editions,  and  represent  not  only  the 
highest  typographical  excellence,  but  the 
most  artistic  examples  of  book-binding  in 
existence,  forming  a  collection  which  is 
probably  not  equaled  in  this  respect  by  any 
in  the  West.  Among  these  fine  bindings  are 
specimens  of  the  art  of  Cobden-Sanderson, 
Riviere,  Zaehnsdorf,  Cockrell,  Roger  de 
Coverley,  Tout,  Prideaux,  Chambolle- 
Durer,  Mercier,  Ritter,  Michel,  David,  Joly 
and  Lortic. 

Of  the  more  notable  works  may  be  men- 
tioned :  A  majority  of  the  Kelmscott  Press 
publications ;  a  full  set  of  Caxton  Club  pub- 
lications ;  full  se^  of  Eugene  Field's  first 
editions  and  presentation  copies ;  Fiske's 
"History  of  the  United  States,"  extra  il- 
lustrated ;  Shakespeare's  Works,  sixteen 
volumes,  extra  illustrated ;  de  luxe  edi- 
tions of  Hawthorne  and  Emerson  and  first 
edition  of  Ruskin's  Works.  Many  of  the 
volumes  in  this  library  have  appeared  in 
loan  exhibitions,  both  in  Chicago  and  in 
Evanston. 

The  late  J.  H.  Kedzie's  library  consists 
of  some  600  volumes  of  standard  authors, 
with  a  special  collection  of  scientific  works, 
notably  on  astronomy,  in  which  subject  Mr. 
Kedzie  had  made  special  research. 

The  Orrington  Lunt  Library  of  North- 


222 


LIBRARIES— PUBLIC   AND    PRIVATE 


western  L'niversity  and  the  Garrett  Bib- 
lical Institute  Library,  both  of  which  are 
so  densely  identified  with  the  early  history 
of  Evanston.  will  be  found  described  in  the 
chapter  devoted  to  the  history  of  those  in- 
stitutions. 

The  Margaret  C.  Way  Memorial  Library 
was  presented  to  the  Woman's  Educational 
Aid  Association  by  Mrs.  Kate  V.  McMuUen 
in  memory  of  her  mother,  Mrs.  Margaret 
C.  Way,  who  was  for  eighteen  years  a 
member  of  this  Association.  This  library, 
which  contains  about  400  volumes,  is  for 
the  special  use  and  benefit  of  the  students 
and  teachers  who  reside  at  the  College  Cot- 
tage, now  known  as  Pearsons  Hall. 

The  Evanston  Township  High  School 
has  a  good  working  library  of  some  1,600 
volumes.  The  graded  schools  are  also  pro- 
vided with  reference  libraries. 

Collection  of  Curios. — A  collection 
— not  of  books,  but  of  equal  value  in  point 
of  historic  interest — is  that  of  Honorable 
George  S.  Knapp,  who  has  gathered  to- 
gether what  is  probably  one  of  the  most  re- 
markable collections  of  historic  and  scien- 
tific curios  in  the  country.  Mr.  Knapp  was 
the  general  manager  of  the  Columbian  Lib- 
erty Bell,  which  was  one  of  the  most  inter- 
esting exhibits  of  the  World's  Columbian 
Exposition  in  Chicago  of  1893,  and  to  the 
making  of  which  the  pennies  of  250,000 
children  were  contributed,  together  with 
many  historic  pieces  of  metal,  identified 
with  various  struggles  for  liberty.  The 
most  remarkable  of  these  relics  was  that 
contributed  by  Mrs.  Roger  A.  Pryor,  of 
New  York,  which  was  formed  of  two  bul- 
lets— one  from  the  North  and  one  from  the 
South — which  met  in  the  air  and  so  imbed- 
ded themselves  into  each  other  as  to  form 
a  solid  mass  and  assume  the  shape  of  the 
letter  "U,"  typical  of  the  Union  of  to-day. 

Many  things  pertaining  to  the  bell  are 
still   in    Mr.    Knapp's   possession,   the   most 


interesting  being  the  "International  Rope," 
which  was  used  by  representatives  of  all 
nations  in  ringing  the  bell  on  "Chicago 
Day."  1893.  The  idea,  which  is  a  unique 
one,  was  conceived  by  Mr.  Knapp.  The 
rope,  which  is  fifty-four  feet  long,  is  made 
of  materials  from  all  nations  of  the  earth. 
The  central  strand,  consisting  of  a  piece  of 
rawhide  contributed  by  the  United  States, 
is  covered  by  strands  from  the  other  na- 
tions, the  whole  being  wrapped  with  the 
"red,  white  and  blue."  The  first  contribu- 
tion to  this  rope  was  from  Queen  Victoria — 
a  skein  of  linen  thread  spun  by  her  own 
hand.  The  last  was  a  piece  of  a  meteor. 
Thus,  as  the  owner  says  of  it,  "Heaven  and 
earth  helped  to  make  it." 

The  Columbian  Peace  Plow  was  made 
from  the  relics,  mostly  swords  and  bayo- 
nets, which  could  not  be  used  in  making  the 
Liberty  Bell.  On  the  beam  of  the  plow  are 
the  words,  "And  they  shall  beat  their 
swords  into  ploughshares,  and  their  spears 
into  pruning  hooks.  Nation  shall  not  lift 
sword  against  nation,  neither  shall  they 
learn  war  any  more." 

Another  interesting  reminder  of  the 
World's  Fair  is  the  beautiful  American  flag 
— the  official  flag  of  the  Exposition — which 
was  made  of  American  silk,  spun  from  co- 
coons by  women  of  twenty-six  States  of  the 
Union.  This  flag  was  dedicated  to  the  wo- 
men of  America  at  the  opening  of  the  Wo- 
man's Building  in  1893,  and  was  presented 
to  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  by  Mr.  G. 
S.  Knapp  and  his  son,  G.  M.  Knapp,  and 
was  then  presented  back  to  them  by  that 
board.  The  staiT  is  made  of  cherry  and  in- 
laid with  pieces  of  wood  furnished  by  the 
World's  Fair  Commissioners  from  each 
State  and  Territory  in  the  Union,  each  piece 
being  of  great  historical  value. 

Among  the  Revolutionary  relics  in  this 
collection  may  be  mentioned  the  following: 
Piece  of  Paul  Jones'  flag,  the  first  to  be  sa- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


223 


luted  by  a  foreign  power ;  sword  used  at 
Bunker  Hill  by  Mr.  Knapp's  great-grand- 
father ;  lanterns  used  by  Washington's 
body  guard ;  blunderbuss  taken  from  the 
boat  from  which  the  tea  was  thrown  over- 
board in  Boston  harbor.  This  eighteenth 
century  gun  is  a  wicked  looking  piece, 
which  bears  on  its  large  mouth  the  words, 
"Happy  is  he  that  escapes  me." 

Relics  of  a  later  historic  period  are :  Cup 
of  white  china  used  by  Lincoln ;  cigar-hold- 
er used  by  Grant ;  gavel  composed  of  a 
picket  from  the  late  President  McKinley's 
fence  at  Canton  (given  to  the  owner  by  Mr. 
]\IcKinley  himself)  and  a  piece  of  the  plank 
on  which  he  stood  at  his  inauguration :  a 
Confederate  flag  found  in  a  bale  of  cotton 
on  board  a  ship  which  arrived  in  Liverpool, 
England,  in  1864,  after  having  run  the 
blockade  of  New  Orleans ;  an  American 
flag  carried  by  Mr.  Knapp  through  the 
campaigns  of  Grant,  Garfield,  Blaine,  Har- 
rison and  McKinley ;  a  piece  of  an  old  fort 
at  San  Juan,  in  the  capture  of  which  some 
of  our  own  Evanston  troops  assisted ;  a  col- 
lection of  swords  and  daggers  used  by  the 
Filipinos  in  the  late  war,  and  on  which  the 
stains  of  blood  still  show,  in  spite  of  clean- 
ing and  polishing;  a  bow  used  by  Black 
Hawk  ;  a  "Rob  Roy"  pistol  from  Sir  Walter 
Scott's  collection ;  a  revolver  carried  by 
Robert  E.  Lee  in  the  Civil  War. 

Among  relics  of  a  local  interest  may  be 
mentioned:  A  carved  staff  made  of  wood 
from  the  old  City  Hall,  which  stood  on  the 
present  site  of  the  Rookery  Building,  Chi- 
cago ;  a  frame  made  from  the  steps  of  the 
old  Ogden  House,  which  stood  on  the  pres- 
ent site  of  the  Newberry  Library ;  the  new- 
el-post of  the  Ogden  house.  The  first  two 
were  carved  by  Mr.  Knapp,  who  has  done 
several  pieces  of  very  intricate  carving  with 
a  pen-knife,  notable  among  which  is  a  series 
of  frames  held  together  by  links,  emblemat- 
ic of  events  in  the  historv  of  the  world — 


the  whole  cut  with  a  pen-knife  from  one 
solid  piece  of  black  walnut,  the  links  being 
cut  without  disjoining.  Not  the  least  inter- 
esting in  this  unique  collection  is  a  piece  of 
the  first  water-pipe  laid  in  the  City  of  Chi- 
cago, as  well  as  samples  of  every  kind  of 
pipe  used  there  since  that  time. 

Evanston  Free  Public  Library. — 
The  Evanston  Free  Public  Library  had  its 
origin  in  a  plan  to  form  "The  Evanston 
Sabbath  School  Union  Library"  in  Febru- 
ary. 1870.  For  the  inception  of  the  idea  of 
such  a  library,  however,  we  must  go  back 
to  1867  or  1868,  when  Dr.  Edward  Eggles- 
ton,  then  Superintendent  of  the  First  Meth- 
odist Sunday  School,  formed  a  class  of  boys 
who  met  at  his  house,  which  stood  until  re- 
cent years  at  1017  Davis  Street.  This  class, 
which  was  not  confined  to  boys  of  any  one 
church,  held  a  brief  religious  meeting,  aft- 
er which  they  were  invited  freely  into  Dr. 
Eggleston's  library  and  allowed  to  choose 
books  for  their  home  reading.  We  quote 
from  an  article  in  "The  Index"  of  Decem- 
ber 18,  1897,  by  Dr.  Henry  B.  Hemenway, 
who,  describing  this  class,  speaks  of  Dr. 
Eggleston  as  the  "Father  of  the  Public  Li- 
brary": 

"My  mental  picture  of  Edward  Eggleston 
generally  shows  him  in  the  half  hour  after 
the  meeting.  He  sits  in  a  large,  easy  chair, 
his  heavy  brown  hair  pushed  back,  and  his 
face  lit  up  as  he  looks  first  to  one,  then  to 
another  of  his  hearers.  A  bov  sits  on  each 
knee,  another  on  each  arm  of  the  chair,  one 
or  two  more  hang  on  its  back,  while  the 
rest  get  close  to  his  feet  on  the  floor,  or  on 
low  stools.  Then  he  told  us  stories — stories 
of  his  boyhood,  or  of  the  frontier.  Some  of 
them  have  since  been  printed.  Before  we 
parted  he  took  us  into  the  little  library  and 
helped  us  to  select  books  for  our  week's 
reading.  He  did  not  object  to  books  of  ad- 
venture for  spice,  but  I  remember  that  he 
tried  to   instill   into  our  minds  a   taste   for 


224 


LIBRARIES— PUBLIC   AND    PRIVATE 


books  of  more  value,  like  Abbott's  histories. 
The  class  grew  until  he  had  to  move  it  into 
the  Kindergarten  building,  which  he  had 
built  for  his  sister  in  the  yard  east  of  the 
house.  He  added  to  his  library,  but  it  was 
too  small.  Then  he  began  to  appeal  to  some 
of  our  old  citizens,  L.  L.  Greenleaf  among 
others,  for  the  forming  of  a  public  library." 

The  impetus  thus  given  resulted  in  the 
realization  of  Dr.  Eggleston's  cherished 
plan,  and  although  his  name  is  not  found  in 
the  records  of  the  library,  he  having  moved 
to  Brooklyn  just  about  that  time,  yet  there 
is  no  doubt  that  the  beloved  author  of 
"Roxy"  and  the  "Hoosier  Schoolmaster" 
and  many  other  books  dear  to  young  and 
old,  was  the  inspiration  of  the  present  Pub- 
lic Library. 

The  first  organization  was  formed  at  the 
residence  of  William  T.  Shepherd,  1738 
Chicago  Avenue,  by  the  following  named 
persons :  L.  L.  Greenleaf,  Rev.  M.  G. 
Clarke,  Dr.  E.  O.  Haven,  A.  L.  Winne, 
William  P.  Kimball,  William  T.  Shepherd. 
The  next  recorded  meeting  was  held  August 
26,  1870,  at  the  residence  of  William  T. 
Shepherd.  Those  present  at  this  meeting 
were:  L.  L.  Greenleaf,  A.  L.  Winne,  Rev. 
E.  N.  Packard,  H.  C.  Tillinghast  and  Wil- 
liam T.  Shepherd.  At  this  meeting  it  was 
voted  that  the  name  of  the  Association  be 
"The  Evanston  Library  Association,"  the 
plan  for  a  Union  Sabbath  School  Library 
not  being  feasible.  A  committee  which  was 
appointed  to  draft  by-laws  and  a  constitu- 
tion consisted  of  Rev.  E.  N.  Packard,  Dr. 
J.  S.  Jewell  and  William  T.  Shepherd.  On 
October  18,  1870,  this  constitution  was 
adopted  at  a  meeting  held  in  the  Methodist 
Church,  Dr.  E.  O.  Haven,  chairman,  and 
E.  S.  Taylor,  Secretary.  This  constitution 
provided  that  the  name  of  the  Association 
be  "The  Evanston  Library  Association" ; 
that  the  object  be  "to  establish  and  main- 
tain a  public  library  and  reading  room,  and 


in  connection  with  this,  by  all  suitable 
means  to  awaken  a  desire  for  sound  knowl- 
edge and  a  correct  taste,  and  to  provide  for 
the  gratification  of  the  same  among  all 
classes  of  the  community." 

Two  classes  of  membership  were  pro- 
vided for,  viz. :  Ordinary  and  Life — the  first 
being  open  to  all  residents  of  Evanston  upon 
the  payment  of  $5.00  per  annum.  The  sec- 
ond was  open  to  residents  of  Evanston 
upon  the  payment  of  $30.00  for  gentle- 
men and  $20.00  for  ladies.  Annual  meet- 
ings of  the  Association  and  monthly  meet- 
ings of  its  Board  of  Directors  were  pro- 
vided. 

The  Nominating  Committee  who  selected 
the  first  Board  of  Officers  consisted  of  Gen- 
eral (afterwards  Governor)  John  L.  Bever- 
idge,  Messrs.  E.  R.  Paul,  Merrill  Ladd, 
Samuel  Greene  and  Ambrose  Foster.  The 
following  officers  were  elected :  President, 
L.  L.  Greenleaf ;  \'ice-President,  H.  G. 
Powers :  Corresponding  Secretary,  Charles 
Randolph ;  Recording  Secretary,  Samuel 
Greene :  Treasurer,  Lyman  J.  Gage ;  Di- 
rectors, Rev.  E.  O.  Haven,  D.D. ;  Ambrose 
Foster,  Andrew  Shuman,  L.  H.  Boutell,  J. 
S.  Jewell,  M.  D.,  and  J.  H.  Kedzie. 

On  C^ctober  25th  at  a  meeting  of  the 
Board  of  Directors  at  the  residence  of  H. 
G.  Powers,  the  first  Committees  were  ap- 
pointed as  follows:  Books  and  Periodicals, 
L.  H.  Boutell,  Andrew  Shuman,  Dr.  E.  O. 
Haven ;  Rooms  and  Furnishing,  Samuel 
Greene,  J.  H.  Kedzie,  H.  G.  Powers  and 
L.  L.  Greenleaf ;  Finance,  H.  G.  Powers, 
Ambrose  Foster,  L.  J.  Gage  and  L.  L. 
Greenleaf :  Lectures,  Dr.  J.  S.  Jewell, 
Charles  Randolph  and  L.  H.  Boutell. 

Besides  fees  from  members,  manv  dona- 
tions of  money  were  made  by  friends  of  the 
enterprise,  the  largest  of  which  was  $575 
from  L.  L.  Greenleaf.  Some  revenue  was 
also  derived,  later,  from  lectures  and  from 
rent  of   the  Association   rooms.     Valuable 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


225 


donations  of  books  were  made  by  H.  G. 
Powers,  Andrew  Shuman,  J.  S.  Jewell,  L. 
J.  Gage  and  others. 

On  December  3,  1870,  the  Book  Commit- 
tee were  authorized  to  purchase  books  to 
the  amount  of  $1,000.  Rooms  were  secured 
on  the  second  t^oor  of  Dr.  W.  S.  Scott's 
building,  now  numbered  613  Davis  Street, 
and  the  Library  was  formally  opened  on 
February  9,  1871.  The  Association  was 
organized  as  a  body  corporate  under  the 
laws  of  the  State  of  Illinois  on  February  23. 
1 87 1.  At  this  time  a  Constitution  was 
adopted,  which  was  practically  the  same  as 
that  adopted  by  the  Association  October  18, 
1870.  The  first  monthly  report  of  the 
Library  showed  one  hundred  Life  and  An- 
nual members,  thirty-three  weekly  sub- 
scribers, ninety  books  in  circulation. 

On  October  29,  1872  a  Committee  con- 
sisting of  Messrs.  L.  L.  Greenleaf,  L.  H. 
Boutell  and  J.  S.  Page  were  appointed  to 
see  what  measures  were  needed  to  bring 
about  the  transfer  of  the  Library  to  the 
town.  Through  the  efforts  of  this  Com- 
mittee the  matter  was  brought  to  a  vote 
of  the  people  at  the  Spring  election,  and  in 
April,  1873,  the  citizens  of  the  Village  of 
Evanston,  without  dissent,  voted  for  a  two- 
mill  tax  for  a  free  public  library,  under  the 
provisions  of  the  Illinois  Library  Law,  which 
was  passed  in  March,  1872.  The  Trustees 
of  the  \'illage  of  Evanston  thereupon  ap- 
pointed as  Directors  of  the  Free  Public 
Library,  Messrs.  L.  H.  Boutell,  J.  S.  Jewell, 
O.  E.  Willard,  J.  H.  Kedzie,  Samuel 
Greene,  E.  S.  Taylor,  Andrew  Shuman,  L. 
L.  Greenleaf  and  Thomas  Freeman. 

On  May  22,  1873,  the  Evanston  Library 
Association  authorized  the  Trustees  to 
transfer  the  books  and  other  property  of  the 
Association  to  the  Directors  of  the  Free 
Public  Library  of  the  \"illage  of  Evanston, 
upon  condition  that  the  same  be  forever  kept 
as  a  Free  Public  Librarv  for  the  use  of  the 


inhabitants  of  the  village,  and  upon  the 
further  condition  that  said  Directors  as- 
sume the  indebtedness  of  the  Association. 
In  accordance  with  these  instructions  the 
913  volumes,  and  other  property  belonging 
to  the  Association,  were  transferred  by  the 
Trustees  on  July  3,  1873.  The  first  meet- 
ing of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Free 
Library  of  the  Village  of  Evanston  was 
held  at  the  Library  rooms  on  June  21,  1873. 
The  ballot  for  officers  resulted  in  the  choice 
of  J.  H.  Kedzie  for  President  and  Samuel 
Greene  for  Secretary.  In  April,  1889,  the 
Library  was  moved  to  the  lower  floor  of 
Anton  Block's  building,  522  and  524  Sher- 
man Avenue.  L^pon  the  erection  of  the 
new  City  Hall  in  1892,  rooms  on  the  second 
floor  were  assigned  to  the  Public  Library. 
These  rooms  were  planned  and  adapted  to 
the  needs  of  the  Library  under  the  direction 
of  N.  C.  Gridley,  the  President  of  the 
Board,  and  in  April,  1893,  the  Library  was 
removed  to  these  rooms  in  the  City  Hall,  its 
present  quarters.  Thus  began  a  period  of 
greater  growth  and  expansion.  The  yearly 
accessions  of  books  which,  for  the  twenty- 
one  years  since  its  foundation,  had  averaged 
465  volumes  per  year,  now  ranged  from 
1,142  volumes  added  in  1893,  to  2,907  vol- 
umes added  in  1897.  This  impulse  toward 
a  larger  purchase  of  books  was  given 
through  the  generosity  of  John  R.  Lindgren, 
who,  during  the  year  1891-92,  turned  over 
to  the  Library  for  a  book  fund,  his  salary 
as  City  Treasurer,  amounting  to  $1,502.36. 

Officers  and  Directors. — J.  H.  Kedzie, 
the  first  President  of  the  Free  Public  Li- 
brary Board,  wtas  succeeded  by  L.  H.  Bou- 
tell in  April.  1877.  Mr.  Boutell,  who,  as  we 
have  recorded,  was  identified  with  the  first 
Board  of  Directors  of  the  Library  Associa- 
tion, continued  in  faithful  service  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  and  of  the  Book  Commit- 
tee for  twentv-nine  years  until  his  death, 
January    16,    1899.     In   May,    1882,   N.   C. 


226 


LIBRARIES— PUBLIC   AND    PRIVATE 


Gridley  was  elected  to  the  office  of  Presi- 
dent, which  he  held  until  his  resignation,  in 
June,  1895,  after  twenty  years  membership 
upon  the  Board,  executing  as  President  not 
only  the  duties  of  this  office,  but  much  of 
the  work  incident  to  the  purchase  of  books, 
etc.,  usually  devolving  upon  the  librarian. 
To  the  many  years  of  active  service  of  these 
two  gentlemen,  is  due.  in  large  part,  the 
successful  growth  of  the  library  and  the 
careful  selection  of  books  which  formed  the 
foundation  of  a  collection  well  balanced  in 
all  departments. 

Mr.  J.  W.  Thompson,  who  was  appointed 
a  member  of  the  Board  in  June,  1890,  has 
been,  since  June,  1895,  its  faithful  and 
efficient  presiding  officer.  The  first  Secre- 
tary, Samuel  Greene,  served  from  October, 
1870,  to  Kovember,  1873.  The  successors 
to  this  office  have  been  as  follows :  E.  S. 
Taylor,  H.  M.  Bannister,  N.  C.  Gridley,  H. 
G.  Lunt,  J.  S.  Currey  and  Wm.  S.  Lord,  the 
last  three  named  having  served  for  eight 
years  each,  Mr.  Lord  still  holding  this 
office. 

Charles  A.  Rogers  is  the  oldest  in  service 
of  the  present  Board  of  Directors,  having 
served  continuously  since  1876.  The  re- 
maining members  of  the  present  Board,  not 
before  mentioned  are :  J.  Seymour  Currev, 
Vice-President ;  Richard  C.  Lake,  Charles 
G.  Neely.  Fred  W.  Nichols,  George  W. 
Paullin,  \\ 'alter  Lee  Brown  (resigned). 

Librarians. — Mr.  Thomas  J.  Kellam 
was  the  first  librarian,  serving  from  Jan- 
uary to  March.  1871.  The  compensation 
of  the  Librarian  was  fixed  at  $5  per  week, 
this  amount  being  understood  to  cover  all 
expense  incurred  in  the  care  of  the  room. 
Mr.  Kellam  was  succeeded  by  Miss  Mary 
E.  Greene,  who  held  the  position  until 
March,  1872,  when  Miss  L.  H.  Newman 
was  elected,  and  was  retained  by  the  Free 
Library  Board,  thus  becoming  the  first 
Librarian     of    the     Free    Public     Librarv. 


Those  succeeding  to  this  position  have  been . 
as  follows : 

Miss  Nellie  A.  Lathrop,  October,  1875, 
to  September,  1876. 

Miss  L.  H.  Bannister,  September,  1876, 
to  November,  1880. 

Miss  Lizzie  R.  Hunt,  November,  1880,  to 
September,  1882. 

Miss  Ada  L.  Fairfield,  September,  1882, 
to  September,   1883. 

Miss  Anna  P.  Lord,  September,  1883,  to 
November,   1888. 

Miss  Laura  R.  Richards,  November, 
1888,  to  May.  1891. 

:\Iiss  Mary  S.  Morse,  May,  1891,  to  Oc- 
tober, 1891. 

Miss  May  Van  Benschoten,  October, 
1891,  to  June,  1894. 

In  December,  1893,  it  was  resolved  by 
the  Board  that  the  increasing  work  of  the 
Library  required  the  services  of  a  trained 
librarian.  In  accordance  with  this  resohi- 
tion,  the  present  Librarian,  Miss  Mary  B. 
Lindsay,  was  appointed  and  entered  upon 
her  duties,  June   I,   1894. 

Classification  and  Cataloguing. — In 
1896  the  simple  classification  imder  which 
the  books  were  arranged  was  found  to  be 
inadequate  to  the  growth  of  the  Library, 
and  the  work  of  reclassifying  the  Library 
under  the  Dewey  Decimal  system  was  be- 
gun in  March  of  that  year,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Dr.  George  E.  Wire,  late  of  the 
Newberry  Library,  and  formerly  identified 
with  this  Library  as  First  Assistant  Libra- 
rian. Miss  Mary  E.  Gale  was  employed 
to  make  the  card  catalogue.  This  work  was 
completed  in  December,  1896,  having  been 
accomplished  without  closing  the  librarv  or 
materially  interfering  with  its  use.  The 
first  printed  catalogue  was  published  in  De- 
cember, 1873,  and  included  a  historical 
sketch  of  the  Library  for  the  three  years 
since  its  organization.  Later  catalogues 
were    published    in    1877.    1887,    1889   and 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


227 


1892.  An  "Annotated  Finding  List  of  Fic- 
tion, Books  for  Young  People  and  Selected 
Lists"  was  published  in  1897.  The  card 
catalogue,  which  is  in  dictionary  form, 
under  names  of  authors,  titles  and  subjects, 
is  kept  up  to  date  by  a  trained  cataloguer, 
and  thus  takes  the  place  of  a  printed  cat- 
alogue, with  continuous  supplements.  Bul- 
letins of  new  books  are  published  quarterly 
during  the  year  and  distributed  free  to 
readers. 

Library  Extension.— One  of  the  chief 
means  of  promoting  and  extending  the 
work  of  the  Library  on  broader  lines  was 
inaugurated  in  ^larch.  1896,  when,  in  com- 
pliance with  a  request  from  F.  W.  Nichols, 
Superintendent  of  School  District  No.  2, 
about  100  books  were  loaned  to  the  schools 
in  that  district  to  be  circulated  under  the 
direction  of  the  teachers.  In  the  following 
year  a  system  of  separate  school  libraries 
was  adopted.  These  school  libraries  of 
about  one  hundred  books  each  were  sent  in 
turn  to  the  schools  farthest  removed  from 
the  library,  including  all  the  school  districts. 
One  of  these  libraries  was  the  gift  of  Mr. 
'  Richard  C.  Lake,  of  the  Board  of  Direc- 
tors. This  circulation  of  books  through  the 
schools,  besides  giving  the  children  the  ben- 
efit of  a  careful  selection  of  books,  has  been 
an  effectual  means  of  bringing  into  touch 
with  the  library  the  families  of  those  chil- 
dren, who,  residing  in  the  remoter  parts  of 
the  city,  were  otherwise  not  acquainted  with 
the  library  and  its  privileges.  A  graded 
and  annotated  list  of  the  300  books  in  the 
school  libraries,  compiled  by  the  Reference 
Librarian,  has  just  been  published.  In  Oc- 
tober, 1897,  the  work  for  children  was  made 
a  part  of  the  work  of  the  Reference  Libra- 
rian and  further  co-operation  of  the  library 
with  the  school  was  made  possible  by  her 
visits  to  the  schools  and  conference  with  the 
teachers. 

A  "Children's  Corner"  was  established  in 


the  reading  room  of  the  library  in  October, 

1898,  and  here,  even  in  its  crowded  quar- 
ters, is  seen  something  of  what  might  be  ac- 
complished in  this  very  important  line  of 
librarv  work,  in  a  building  equipped  with  a 
separate  children's  room.  '  A  Children's 
Library  League  was  organized  January  26, 

1899,  with  the  object  of  promoting  among 
the  young  people  a  better  care  of  the  books 
and  other  property  of  the  library  and  the 
cultivation  of  a  taste  for  the  best  books. 

Reference  Department. — The  Reference 
Department  of  about  900  volumes  is  said  to 
be  better  equipped  than  most  libraries  of  its 
size.  The  usefulness  of  this  Department 
was  greatly  enhanced  in  October,  1897, 
when  the  position  of  Assistant  Librarian  for 
Reference  and  Children's  work  was  created. 
The  placing  of  this  department  in  charge  of 
a  trained  assistant  has  made  possible  a 
much  larger  work  by  the  preparation  of  ref- 
erence lists  on  special  subjects  for  clubs  and 
for  individuals,  and  by  bringing  to  young 
people  and  adults  a  better  knowledge  of  the 
various   reference   books   and   their   use. 

As  a  means  of  further  extension  of  the 
library's  usefulness  and  of  increasing  knowl- 
edge of  its  methods  and  work  among  the 
citizens,  an  annual  "Library  Day"  was  in- 
augurated on  December  10,  1897.  This  an- 
nual event  has  taken  the  form  of  a  reception 
or  "open  house,"  day  at  the  library,  during 
which  books  were  not  circulated,  but  the 
staff  and  Directors  served  as  a  reception 
committee  and  explained  the  various  de- 
partments and  methods  of  work.  Special 
exhibits  of  books  and  curios,  loaned  by 
friends  of  the  library,  added  to  the  interest 
of  the  occasion.  The  twenty-fifth  anniver- 
sary of  the  opening  of  the  Free  Public 
Library  was  celebrated  in  this  way  on  Oc- 
tober 13,  1898.  The  crowded  condition  of 
the  library  rooms  has  made  it  necessary  for 
the  past  two  years  to  abandon,  temporarily, 
this  popular  annual  feature. 


22C 


LIBRARIES— PUBLIC   AND    PRIVATE 


Hours. — The  Library  was  open  from  3 
p.  m.  to  ')  p.  m.,  every  day,  except  Sundays 
and  holidays,  until  October,  187 1,  when  the 
great  Chicago  fire  made  it  necessary  to  cur- 
tail expenses.  The  hours  were  therefore 
limited  at  that  time  to  Saturday  afternoons 
and  evenings,  from  2  to  4  and  from  "  to  9. 
In  1873  the  hours  were  extended  to  three 
afternoons  and  evenings  of  the  week.  In 
April,  1893,  the  patronage  of  the  library 
warranted  its  opening  every  day  except 
Sunday  from  2  to  9  o'clock  p.  m.  In  De- 
cember, 1895,  the  hours  for  opening  were 
made  i  p.  m.  to  9  p.  m.  daily  and  from 
9  a.  m.  to  9  p.  m.  Saturdays.  Beginning 
March  15,  1897,  the  present  hours  were 
inaugurated,  viz:  9  a.  m.  to  9  p.  m.,  daily, 
and  in  January,  1901,  the  plan  of  holiday 
and  Sunday  opening  was  inaugurated — the 
reading  room  being  open  on  those  days 
from  2  p.  m.  until  6  p.  m. 

Privileges,  Etc. — Since  the  organization 
of  the  Free  Public  Library,  membership  has 
been  free  to  all  residents  of  Evanston  upon 
the  furnishing  of  written  guaranty.  The 
family  card,  good  for  three  books  and  the 
individual  card  good  for  one  book,  were 
exchanged  in  August,  1896,  for  individual 
cards  issued  to  each  resident,  without  limit 
of  age,  allowing  two  books  on  each  card. 
A  fee  of  fifty  cents  per  month,  or  $2.50  per 
year,  gives  the  privileges  of  the  library  to 
non-residents.  Non-resident  students  were 
at  first  allowed  the  use  of  the  library  for 
reference;  in  October,  1896,  the  privilege 
of  drawing  books  from  the  library  was 
granted  to  them.  Since  September,  1898, 
the  public  have  been  admitted  to  the  shelves 
as  far  as  practicable  with  the  limited  room. 

Staff.— On  August  29,  1895,  the  matter 
of  employment  of  Librarian  and  stafif  of 
assistants  was  placed  under  the  jurisdiction 
of  the  Civil  Service  Commission.  The 
Stafif  at  present  (1905)  consists  of  the  fol- 
lowing:     Mary     B.     Lindsay,     Librarian; 


Elizabeth  P.  Clarke,  Reference  Librarian ; 
Cora  AI.  Hill,  Superintendent  Circulating 
Department ;  Gertrude  L.  Brown,  Cat- 
aloguer ;  Bertha  S.  Bliss,  Arthur  H.  Knox, 
Eddy  S.  Brandt,  Assistants ;  Wm.  E.  Lee, 
Janitor. 

From  the  913  volumes  which  formed  the 
nucleus  of  the  Free  Public  Library  in  1873, 
the  number  has  grown  to  about  30,000  vol- 
umes— an  average  growth  of  about  1,000 
volumes  per  year.  From  the  small  begin- 
ning represented  by  about  9,000  books  cir- 
culated during  its  first  year,  the  circula- 
tion has  grown  to  114,551  volumes,  which 
went  into  the  homes  and  the  schools  for 
the  year  ending  June  i,  190 1.  The  annua! 
income  of  the  library  has  risen  from  twelve 
hundred  to  about  ten  thousand  dollars. 
The  purchase  of  books,  which  in  1874 
amounted  to  $260,  has,  for  the  last  ten 
years,  averaged  about  $2,000  per  year,  the 
book  purchases  for  the  year  1900-01  being 
2,557  volumes,  amounting  to  $2,459.49. 

It  has  been  the  aim  of  the  Public  Library 
to  keep  in  touch  with  the  larger  library  in- 
terests of  the  country.  To  this  end  the 
Library  has,  in  recent  years,  been  repre- 
sented at  the  meetings  of  the  American 
Library  Association  and  the  Illinois  State 
Library  Association,  President  J.  W. 
Thompson  serving  for  a  term  as  President 
of  the  latter  Association.  In  February, 
1898,  an  Inter-State  Library  Conference 
was  held  in  Evanston,  which  was  attended 
by  some  170  delegates,  eleven  States  being 
represented.  A  number  of  citizens  gener- 
ously aided  the  Public  and  L^niversity  Libra- 
ries in  the  entertainment  of  this  conference. 

Library  Building.— On  May  31,  1884. 
the  need  for  more  room  becoming  apparent, 
Mr.  Holmes  Hoge  was  appointed  "a  com- 
mittee of  one  to  consult  with  Mr.  Deering, 
about  the  erection  of  a  library  building 
suitable  for  the  necessities  of  the  people 
of  the  village."     The  annual  report  of  the 


II 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


229 


same  date  contained  an  appeal  to  the  citi- 
zens of  Evanston  to  provide  a  building  for 
the  Library.  In  April,  1887,  Mr.  William 
Deering  offered  $5,000  toward  the  erection 
of  a  library  building,  following  which  a  cir- 
cular letter  was  issued  signed  by  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  Board,  urging  that  a  generous 
response  be  given  to  the  Committee  who 
would  call  upon  the  citizens  for  further  sub- 
scriptions. After  earnest  efforts  made  to 
raise  the  required  amount,  the  plan  was 
abandoned  in  June,  1887,  owing  to  the 
slight  encouragement  given  by  the  citizens. 

During  the  next  ten  years,  though  no 
action  was  taken,  the  question  was  often 
discussed  by  the  Board,  and  endeavors 
made  to  create  sentiment  toward  obtaining 
a  building.  In  December,  1897,  ■'^I''- 
Charles  F.  Grey,  of  Evanston,  offered  $10,- 
000  toward  a  $100,000  building.  A  com- 
mittee from  the  Board  was  appointed  to 
confer  with  Mr.  Grey  and  to  take  up  the 
matter  of  a  new  building.  Though  there 
were  no  offers  toward  the  remaining  $100,- 
000,  yet  the  Board  felt  confident  that  the 
required  amount  would  be  forthcoming,  and 
efforts  were  continued  toward  securing  a 
suitable  site.  In  October,  1898,  a  commit- 
tee was  appointed  to  ascertain  possible  con- 
sent of  property  owners  abutting  on  the 
City  Park  in  case  the  City  would  grant  per- 
mission to  place  the  library  building  there. 
This  committee  canvassed  the  matter  and 
reported  almost  unanimous  refusal  on  the 
part  of  property  owners  to  consent  to  hav- 
ing the  park  used  as  a  site. 

In  June,  1899,  resolutions  were  adopted 
by  the  Board  asking  the  City  Council  to 
appropriate  $35,000  for  a  site  for  the  Li- 
brary. These  resolutions  were  referred  by 
the  Council  to  the  Judiciary  Committee  in 
consultation  with  the  Corporation  Counsel. 
The  appropriation  was  not  granted.  In 
January.  1900,  Mr.  C.  F.  Grey  offered  to 
give  $100,000  for  a  library  building,  pro- 


vided a  site  should  be  furnished,  cleared  of 
buildings,  free  of  cost  or  incumbrance,  and 
the  premises  after  purchase  removed  from 
the  tax  list.  A  committee  from  the  Board 
was  appointed  to  raise  funds  for  the  pur- 
chase of  a  site.  Anticipating  the  securing 
of  the  amount  necessary  for  the  building, 
the  Board  had  previously  made  efforts  to 
secure  the  property  facing  east  on  Chicago 
Avenue,  extending  north  from  the  Baptist 
church  to  Grove  Street,  but  efforts  to  obtain 
options  on  all  of  this  property  failed,  and 
before  the  money  could  be  secured  that 
part  of  this  property  on  the  corner  of  Grove 
Street  was  sold  to  the  Christian  Science 
Church.  Options  were  then  obtained  on  the 
property  facing  west  on  Chicago  Avenue, 
extending  from  the  alley  south  to  Grove 
Street. 

In  June,  1900,  the  Site  Committee  issued 
a  circular  letter  to  citizens  of  Evanston  call- 
ing a  meeting  of  citizens  to  consider  ways 
and  means  of  raising  the  needed  funds  to 
obtain  a  site.  This  meeting  was  held  July 
6,  1900,  in  the  City  Council  chamber,  and  it 
was  voted  to  attempt  to  raise  the  required 
amount  on  the  voluntary  assessment  plan, 
and  a  committee  of  citizens  was  chosen  to 
act  with  a  committee  from  the  Library 
Board  in  spreading  and  collecting  the  as- 
sessment. An  equal  per  cent  of  each  tax- 
payer was  determined  according  to  the  tax 
lists  and  notices  were  sent  them  stating 
amount  of  share  of  each.  Notices  were  also 
sent  to  non-tax-payers,  asking  for  a  per- 
centage of  their  income.  In  response  to  this 
voluntary  assessment,  there  was  received 
$2,709.85  in  cash  from  one  hundred  and 
twenty  people.  Pledges  were  received  from 
forty-one  people  aggregating  $2,116.80. 
The  total  amount  necessary  to  purchase  a. 
suitable  site  in  a  central  location  was  about 
$40,000.  Realizing  that  this  plan  had  failed, 
the  money  was  returned  to  the  donors  and 


230 


LIBRARIES— PUBLIC   AND    PRIVATE 


a  final  report  made  by  the  Treasurer  of  the 
fund,  Rev.  F.  Clatworthy.  in  August, 
1901. 

In  the  meantime  another  attempt  was 
made  toward  securing  the  City  Park.  This 
movement  was  started  by  Rev.  J.  H.  Boyd, 
D.  D.,  who  interested  a  number  of  citizens 
in  the  matter  and  announced  the  subject 
for  discussion  at  his  "Conversazione,"  De- 
cember 13,  1900,  at  the  First  Presbyterian 
church.  This  was  made  a  pubhc  meeting, 
and  the  subject  was  fully  discussed  and 
resolutions  were  passed  requesting  the 
Library  Board  to  ascertain  whether  the 
Park  could  be  secured  under  the  law,  and  to 
endeavor  to  secure  consents  of  abutting 
property  owners  and  the  preferences  of  the 
legal  voters  of  Evanston  as  to  the  site  for 
the  Library.  A  special  committee  was  ap- 
pointed from  the  Library  Board,  and  made 
a  careful  canvass  of  the  property  owners 
abutting  on  the  Park,  but  they  were  obliged 
to  report  in  February,  1901,  that  they  had 
been  unable  to  obtain  consent  of  all  the 
owners.  Though  many  who  had  formerly 
objected  now  consented,  yet  a  few  adhered 
to  the  opinion  that  their  property  would 
be  largely  damaged  by  the  use  of  any  part 
of  the  park  for  the  purpose  contemplated. 
January  31,  1901,  Mr.  J.  C.  Shafifer  sug- 
gested the  probability  of  securing  a  site  on 
Chicago  Avenue  between  Church  and  Davis 
Streets.  A  Committee  was  appointed  to  act 
with  Mr.  Shaffer  towards  securing  this 
site. 

On  April  6,  1901,  following  upon  the 
passage  of  a  State  law  giving  to  cities  the 
power  to  levy  a  tax  for  the  purpose  of  pur- 
chasing sites  for  public  library  buildings, 
the  Board  of  Directors  passed  resolutions 
determining  to  purchase  a  site,  the  esti- 
mated cost  of  which  was  $45,000,  the  collec- 
tion of  such  cost  to  be  spread  over  a  period 
of  fifteen  years.  A  copy  of  these  resolu- 
tions   was    sent    to    the    Citv    Council    and 


approved  by  them,  but  it  was  subsequently 
found  that  the  City  of  Evanston  was  already 
indebted  to  its  full  legal  limit ;  hence  such 
action  of  the  Council  was  found  illegal  and 
was  rescinded. 

In  May,  1901,  the  Site  Committee  re- 
ported pledges  received  to  the  amount  of 
$12,000.  In  June,  1901,  Mr.  Joseph  M. 
Lyons  was  authorized  to  raise  subscriptions 
to  the  site  fund  at  a  compensation  of  one 
per  cent,  conditional  upon  his  raising  a  sum 
in  addition  to  that  already  subscribed  suffi- 
cient to  pay  for  the  site.  Although  pledges 
to  the  amount  of  $17,000  were  secured,  this 
enterprise  also  resulted  in  failure.  After 
various  other  unsuccessful  attempts,  in 
June,  1904,  the  effort  to  secure  a  site  was 
crowned  with  success,  through  the  pur- 
chase of  one  by  the  city  at  the  corner  of 
C)rrington  Avenue  and  Church  Street  at 
a  cost  of  $31,600.00. 

A  glance  at  the  history  of  the  library 
movement  throughout  the  country  shows 
the  wonderful  possibilities  of  the  work  of 
the  public  library  in  educating  the  masses, 
and  thus  making  for  a  higher  citizenship. 

The  Management  of  our  Public  Library 
is  still  confident  that,  in  due  time,  some 
solution  of  our  site  problem  will  be  reached, 
and  Evanston's  Public  Library  will  not  be 
long  hampered  by  lack  of  room  from  at- 
taining to  that  larger  educational  work 
toward  which,  during  its  twenty-nine  years 
of  history,  it  has  steadily  been  advanc- 
ing. 
.  The  movement  for  a  new  building  for  the 
Public  Library  culminated  in  the  offer  of 
Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie  to  provide  $50,000 
towards  the  cost  of  such  a  building.  This 
was  supplemented  by  a  bond  issue  of  the 
City  of  Evanston  of  $31,600,  for  the  site  at 
the  north-east  corner  of  Church  Street  and 
Orrington  Ave.,  and  $25,000  towards  the 
cost  of  the  building.     This,  with  some  other 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON  231 

funds  at  the  disposal  of  the  Library  lioard,  papers  of  the  day,  and  various  mementoes, 
will  enable  the  authorities  to  erect  a  build-  The  general  design  of  the  building  is  pure 
ing  to  cost  approximately  $100,000.  classic,  fronting  on  Orrington  Avenue, 
The  corner-stone  of  this  new  building  constructed  of  steel  framework  with  Bed- 
was  laid  on  June  2,  1906.  A  box  was  in-  ford  stone  in  the  exterior  walls,  and  with  a 
closed  in  the  corner-stone  containing  a  writ-  portico  supported  by  Grecian  columns, 
ten  account  of  the  efforts  made  to  provide  The  capacity  of  the  space  for  books  is 
for  the  new  building,  reports,  photographs  double  that  needed  for  the  present  collec- 
of  the  various  persons  connected  with  the  tion,  thus  making  ample  provision  for  fu- 
librarv  and   the  citv   administration,   news-  ture  2Towth. 


CHAPTER    XXV. 


UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 

(By  LODILLA  AMBROSE,  Ph.  M..  Assistant  Libiaiiaci) 


First  Step  in  the  Orgaiiication  of  a  Uni- 
versity Library — President  Foster's  Gift 
— Advanec  of  Fifty  Years — The  Green- 
leaf  Library — University  Library  is 
Made  a  Depository  for  Government  Pub- 
lications— Recent  Notable  Donations — 
Orrington  Lunt  Library  Building  is  De- 
dicated in  1S04 — The  Orrington  Lunt 
Library  Fund — Internal  Administration 
— List  of  Those  zvho  have  Served  as  Li- 
brarians— Libraries  of  Garrett  Biblical 
Institute  and  Professional  Schools. 

The  Xorthwestern  University  Library  is 
an  integral  part  of  the  institution  whose 
name  it  bears.  The  beginnings  of  the  Li- 
brary were  small  and  unheralded ;  its 
growth  has  been  gradual,  but  constant  and 
substantial.  The  earliest  mention  of  a  li- 
brary in  the  University  records  occurs  in 
the  minutes  of  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  June,  1856,  this  being 
the  first  meeting  after  the  University  was 
opened  to  students.  The  report  of  the  Fac- 
ulty then  submitted  touched  on  the  question 
of  a  library.  This  led  to  the  appointment 
of  a  committee  that  made  the  following 
report :  "The  Committee  on  Library  rec- 
ommends that  the  Executive  Committee  be 
authorized  to  expend  one  thousand  dollars 
in  the  purchase  of  books  for  the  commence- 
ment of  a  library  during  the  present  year, 
and  that  the  same  amount  be  set  apart  from 


year  to  year,  for  additions  thereto,  the 
catalogue  to  be  selected  under  the  direction 
of  the  Faculty." 

A  little  later  President  Foster  gave  his 
first  year's  salary  for  the  purchase  of 
books  :  and  in  December,  1856,  the  Financial 
Agent  was  authorized  to  fit  up  a  room  in  the 
L^niversity  building  to  accommodate  the  Li- 
brary. In  June.  1857,  the  librarian  report- 
ed 1.977  volumes  and  ^y  pamphlets;  these 
volumes,  with  a  few  exceptions,  having 
been  selected  and  purchased  by  President 
Foster.  The  annual  meetings  of  1857  and 
1858  suspended  the  action  taken  in  1856 
making  an  annual  appropriation  of  one 
thousand  dollars  for  books.  In  i860,  675 
volumes,  chiefly  philosophical  and  histori- 
cal, were  purchased  from  President  Fos- 
ter's library.  In  1868,  a  printed  catalogue 
of  the  library,  prepared  by  Charles  K.  Ban- 
nister. "60,  was  published ;  a  summary 
of  the  entries  in  this  slight,  green-covered 
pamphlet  shows  that  the  library  then  con- 
tained about  3,000  volumes.  In  June,  1870, 
the  librarian  reported  3,635  volumes ;  twen- 
ty years  later  there  were  23,279  volumes, 
and  .\pril  30,  1903.  there  are  51.658  vol- 
umes and  35,000  pamphlets. 

The  first  great  addition  to  the  library 
came  through  the  gift  of  Mr.  Luther  L. 
Greenleaf.  Negotiations,  begun  in  1869  in 
Berlin  with  the  heirs  of  Johann  Schulze, 
Ph.  D.,   a  member  of  the   Prussian   Minis- 


233 


234 


UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 


try  of  Public  Instruction,  resulted  in  secur- 
ing for  the  University  the  valuable  library 
of  this  eminent  German  scholar  and  publi- 
cist. In  recognition  of  Air.  Greenleaf's 
liberality  the  collection  is  known  as  the 
Greenleaf  Library.  It  contains  11,246  vol- 
umes, and  a  very  large  number  of  unbound 
dissertations  and  other  monographs,  the 
publications  of  universities  and  learned  so- 
cieties. It  includes  a  collection  of  the 
Greek  and  Latin  classics,  with  the  subsidi- 
ary literature,  remarkable  for  its  range  and 
completeness.  There  are  also  choice  selec- 
tions of  works  in  history,  philosophy,  and 
other    leading   subjects. 

In  1874,  the  library  of  the  late  Prof. 
Henry  S.  Noyes,  containing  1.500  well 
chosen  volumes,  was  purchased  by  the  Uni- 
versity for  the  library.  In  1878,  Mr.  Wil- 
liam Deering  and  the  Hon.  Lyman  J.  Gage 
bought  and  presented  a  portion  of  the  li- 
brary of  the  late  Oliver  A.  Willard,  chiefly 
volumes  of  State  and  local  history  and  po- 
litical science. 

In  1895,  ^i^s.  R.  W.  Patterson  gave 
nearly  500  volumes,  largely  biblical  and 
philosophical,  from  the  library  of  her  hus- 
band, the  late  Rev.  R.  W.  Patterson.  D.  D. 

In  1896,  the  joint  gifts  of  friends  enabled 
the  library  to  purchase  a  complete  set  of 
the  Hansard  Parliamentary  Debates.  In 
1898.  similar  gifts  secured  complete  sets  of 
the  Reports  of  the  United  States  Supreme 
Court  and  of  the  Illinois  Supreme  Court, 
and  also  created  a  fund  of  $1,850  for  the 
jnirchase  of  the  later  editions  of  the  Greek 
and  Latin  classics,  supplementing  the 
Greenleaf  collection  of  earlier  date. 

Another  gift  received  in  1898  was  the  li- 
brary of  German  authors  (2,533  volumes) 
collected  by  Geheimer  Regierungsrath 
Schneider,  of  Schleswig,  Germany.  It  in- 
cludes many  first  and  second  editions,  and 
some  early  Reformation  prints.  Gifts  from 
leading  German    citizens    of    Chicago,    se- 


cured by  the  late  Assistant  Professor  Cohn, 
made  possible  the  purchase  of  this  collec- 
tion. 

In  1900,  Dr.  Herbert  F.  Fisk  obtained 
for  the  Academy  a  supplementary  library 
of  over  500  volumes.  In  the  same  year  Mr. 
Xorman  W.  Harris  gave  $750  for  the  pur- 
chase of  books  on  political  economy :  Mrs. 
Oliver  Marcy  gave  selected  volumes  from 
the  scientific  library  of  her  husband,  the  late 
Dr.  Oliver  Marcy,  Professor  of  Geology ; 
and  Mrs.  Henry  Cohn  presented  valuable 
works  from  the  linguistic  library  of  her 
husband,  the  late  Henry  Cohn.  Assistant 
Professor  of  German. 

.\  generous  donor  to  the  library  is  the 
L^nited  States  Government.  The  library 
was  designated  as  a  depository  of  govern- 
ment publications  by  Senator  John  A.  Lo- 
gan, May  26,  1876.  In  April,  1903,  its  col- 
lection of  these  documents  numbers  6,740 
volumes  and  10,154  pamphlets.  In  addi- 
tion to  these,  some  3.000  volumes  of  the 
official  publications  of  States  and  cities  have 
been  collected. 

In  1870.  the  Librarian's  report  gave  the 
list  of  periodicals  regularly  received,  com- 
prising 39  titles:  in  1890,  this  list  contained 
105  titles,  and  in  1903,  320  titles. 

The  hours  of  opening  in  1870,  according 
to  the  record,  were  four  hours  each  week- 
day afternoon.  These  hours  have  been 
gradually  extended  in  response  to  greater 
demands,  until  in  1903  the  library  is  open 
thirteen  hours  each  day  for  six  days  a 
week,  during  the  college  year.  Early  re- 
ports mention  appreciative  use  of  the  li- 
brary. Records  of  later  }ears  show  a 
marked  increase  in  its  use  along  all  lines 
— an  increase  that  quite  outstrips  the 
growth  of  the  library,  as  well  as  the  advance 
in  tlie  number  of  students. 

The  library's  first  habitation  was  a  room 
in  the  building  now  called  Old  College. 
In   December,    1869.  it  was  transferred  to 


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HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


235 


rooms  in  the  new  University  Hall.  In 
August,  1894,  came  another  migration,  this 
time  to  the  Orrington  Lunt  Library  Build- 
ing. As  early  as  1859  a  prudent  Trustee 
urged  the  necessity  of  a  fireproof  library 
building:  in  1885  the  need  was  emphasized 
in  the  report  of  the  Committee  on  Library, 
and,  in  1891,  the  subject  was  prominent  in 
the  President's  report.  July  22,  1891,  Mr. 
Orrington  Lunt,  \"ice-President  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  signified  his  readiness 
to  give  $50,000  toward  a  library  building. 
As  an  addition  to  this  generous  gift,  $15,- 
000  was  contributed  in  varying  sums  by 
other  friends  of  the  LTniversity.  Among 
these  contributions  was  a  gift  of  $5,000 
made  by  Mrs.  Robert  M.  Hatfield  as  a  me- 
morial of  her  husband,  the  late  Rev.  Rob- 
ert M.  Hatfield,  D.  D.,  for  years  a  Trustee 
of  the  Ll^niversity.  The  amount  thus  given 
through  personal  beneficence  was  raised  to 
$100,000  by  an  appropriation  from  the 
funds  of  the  University. 

The  building  is  situated  on  the  Universi- 
ty campus  at  Evanston,  facing  Sheridan 
Road,  and  covering  an  area  of  73  by  162 
feet.  It  is  planned  so  that  future  additions 
may  be  made  without  sacrificing  exterior 
eft'ect  or  interior  convenience.  The  outer 
walls  are  of  buff  Bedford  limestone,  the 
roof  is  red  conosera  tile.  The  building  is 
constructed  on  the  slow-burning,  or  prac- 
tically fireproof,  system,  sometimes  called 
mill-construction.  The  style  of  the  build- 
ing is  an  adaptation  of  the  Italian  Renais- 
sance ;  its  outlines  are  simple  with  little 
ornamentation,  but  the  whole  is  harmonious 
and  pleasing.  The  large  semi-circular 
porch  is  supported  by  Ionic  columns ;  on 
the  frieze,  in  raised  lettering,  is  the  inscrip- 
tion, "Orrington  Lunt  Library." 

On  either  side  of  the  entrance  are  cloak 
rooms ;  a  broad  oak  staircase  leads  to  the 
second  floor,  which  provides  an  assemblv 
room  seating  500  persons,  art  rooms  and 
seminar  rooms.    The  third  storv,  extending: 


only  over  the  central  portion  of  the  build- 
ing, is  devoted  to  offices  and  recitation 
rooms.  The  basement,  well  lighted  and 
thoroughly  furnished,  contains  among 
others  a  large  document  room,  seminar 
rooms,  work  rooms,  and  toilet  rooms. 

The  first,  or  main,  story  is  devoted  en- 
tirely to  library  uses ;  in  one  wing  is  the 
reading  room  and  in  the  center  and  in  the 
other  wing  is  the  book  room,  the  two  being 
separated  by  the  delivery  desk  and  card 
catalogue  cases.  The  windows  are  large 
and  placed  so  that  all  light  comes  from 
above.  All  the  wood-work  and  furnish- 
ings of  this  floor  are  of  polished  red  oak. 
The  reading  room  seats  120  persons.  All 
the  stories  are  connected  with  the  book 
room  by  a  book-lift  and  speaking  tube.  In 
a  central  extension  of  the  building,  as 
shown  in  the  ground  plan,  are  the  Libra- 
rian's room  and  the  cataloguing  room.  The 
heating  is  by  steam  from  a  detached  sta- 
tion and  the  lighting  is  by  gas  and  electri- 
city. The  architect  is  William  A.  Otis,  of 
Chicago. 

The  Orrington  Lunt  Library  was  dedi- 
cated, September  26,  1894.  In  the  after- 
noon in  the  assembly  room  of  the  building, 
the  exercises  of  formal  opening  were  held. 
The  program  was  as  follows :  invocation  by 
the  Rev.  Franklin  W.  Fisk,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.. 
President  of  Chicago  Theological  Semin- 
ary :  address  of  presentation  by  Mr.  Or- 
rington Lunt :  address  of  acceptance  bv 
President  Henry  Wade  Rogers,  LL.  D. ; 
dedication  ode,  by  Mrs.  Emily  Huntington 
Miller;  address  by  Charles  Kendal!  Adams, 
LL.  D.,  President  of  the  University  of  Wis- 
consin. In  the  evening,  in  the  First  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  Church,  a  public  address  on 
'"The  Development  of  the  Library"  was  de- 
livered by  the  late  Justin  Winsor,  LL.  D., 
Librarian  of  Harvard  L'niversity. 

\'arious  gifts  of  books  and  money  have 
already  been  noted.  It  remains  to  mention 
the   Orrington    Lunt   endowment   property. 


236 


UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 


In  1865  Mr.  Lunt  conveyed  to  the  Univer- 
sity 157  acres  of  land  in  North  Evanston, 
thereby  cancelling  certain  subscriptions 
previously  made,  and  designating  the  gen- 
erous remainder  as  a  permanent  endow- 
ment. Three  years  later  this  was  set  apart 
by  the  Board  of  Trustees  as  the  foundation 
for  a  library,  and  named  the  Orrington 
Lunt  Library  fund.  At  an  early  date,  a 
portion  of  the  land  was  sold,  expensive  im- 
provements have  since  been  made  on  the 
property ;  its  present  valuation  is  $90,000. 
When  the  property  becomes  productive,  it 
is  expected  to  yield  an  increasing  income 
for  the  purchase  of  books. 

The  details  of  the  administration  of  the 
library  are  too  technical  for  presentation 
here.  The  present  system  is  the  result  of 
gradual  growth  and  development  along  the 
lines  shown  to  be  important  by  the  great 
library  movement  of  the  last  twenty-five 
years.  During  the  earlier  years,  some  one 
of  the  professors  was  appointed  librarian ; 
among  those  who  acted  in  this  capacity 
were  W.  D.  Godman,  David  H.  Wheeler, 
Louis  Kistler  and  Charles  W.  Pearson.  In 
1875-76  the  Rev.  W.  H.  Daniels  served  as 
librarian.  For  the  following  ten  years  the 
name  of  Horace  G.  Lunt  appeared  in  the 
catalogue  as  Librarian.  During  the  last 
two  of  these  years,  George  E.  V'ire  was 
Assistant  Librarian.  No  one  now  bears 
the  title  of  Librarian,  but  Miss  Lodilla 
Ambrose,  Ph.  M.,  has  been  Assistant  Li- 
brarian since  January  i,  1888.  Aside  from 
student  assistants,  the  present  staff  are : 
Miss  Olinia  M.  Mattison,  Ph.  B.,  First  As- 
sistant since  September,  1898;  Miss  Fran- 
ces C.  Pierce,  Ph.  B.,  Assistant  in  the  read- 
ing room  since  September,  1901,  and  Miss 
Adaline  M.  Baker,  B.  L.  S.,  cataloguer 
since  September,  1902.  A  committee  on 
the  library,  from  their  own  number,  reports 
annually  to  the  Board  of  Trustees  on  the 
state  of  the  library.  The  Library  Commit- 
tee of  the  faculty  co-operates  with  the  As- 


sistant Librarian  in  the  administration  of 
the  library.  Of  this  important  committee, 
the  late  Dr.  Daniel  Bonbright  was,  for  many 
years,  the  Chairman,  and  the  library  owes 
much  to  his  careful  oversight. 

The  library  of  the  Garrett  Biblical  Insti- 
tute, numbering  16,260  volumes  and  2,200 
pamphlets,  is  also  on  the  campus,  and  is 
open  to  all  students. 

The  Dearborn  Observatory  has  an  as- 
tronomical library  of  about  1,000  volumes 
and   1,000  pamphlets. 

The  professional  schools,  located  in  Chi- 
cago, have  special  libraries  as  follows : 

Volumes  Pamphlets 

Medical   School    3,252  5,200* 

Law   School    6,789  No  report 

School  of  Pharmacy   810  No  report 

Dental   School    2,452  2,000* 

*Estimated. 

The  several  collections  of  books  belong- 
ing to  the  University  make  a  total  of  65,- 
961  volumes  and  43,200  pamphlets. 

The  Library  of  the  Law  School  has  made ' 
large  gains  in  the  current  year,  1903.  It 
has  completed  its  sets  of  the  Reports  and 
compiled  statutes  of  all  of  the  States,  and 
has  added  about  500  volumes  of  te.xt-books 
and  treatises.  Two  large  gifts  have  been 
received  but  are  not  yet  enumerated.  The 
Hon.  Elbert  H.  Gary,  class  of  1867  in  the 
Law  School,  has  presented  a  collection  of 
the  judicial  decisions  and  leading  law  jour- 
nals of  eight  European  countries,  namely: 
Germany,  France,  Austria,  Switzerland, 
Holland,  Belgium,  Spain,  Italy.  This  gift 
contains  about  2,500  volumes..  The  late 
Charles  C.  Bonney  gave  to  the  University 
Library  some  400  volumes  from  his  own 
law  library. 

Thus  has  the  library  progressed  from 
small  beginnings  to  days  of  greater  things. 
With  a  generous  endowment  property  in- 
creasing in  value,  and  with  the  fostering 
management  of  the  great  L'niversity,  of 
which  it  is  so  vital  a  part,  the  rapid  growth 
of  the  library  is  a  thins:  assured. 


CHAPTER   XXVI. 


EVANSTON  NEWSPAPERS 

(By  WILLIAM  C.  LEVERE) 


The  Nezvspal'cr  as  a  Necessity — Introduc- 
tion and  Grozi'th  of  Local  Journals — The 
"Suburban  Idea,"  The  "Evanston  Index" 
and  Other  Early  Papers — Story  of  the 
"Ez'anston  Press" — Advent  of  the  Daily — 
The  Chicago  Printer's  Strike  of  1808 — 
Temperance  Organ — College  Journals — 
A  "Frat."  and  "Barb."  Advertising  Con- 
test— Quarterly  and  Monthly  Publica- 
tions— High  Standard  of  Ez'anston 
Journalism. 

In  an  intellectual  community  the  news- 
paper is  a  necessity  rather  than  a  luxury. 
It  is  an  index  to  the  character  of  Evanston 
that,  despite  its  proximity  to  a  great  city, 
it  has  been  the  home  of  several  strong  and 
able  periodicals,  the  beginnings  of  one  of 
these  dating  several  decades  back.  In  re- 
cent years,  when  the  competition  with  met- 
ropolitan papers  has  become  keener  than 
ever,  with  a  large  staflf  of  local  reporters 
representing  the  great  dailies  of  our  neigh- 
boring city,  the  local  papers  have  not  only 
survived,  but  have  increased  in  usefulness 
and   prospered   in  material  things. 

It  is  the  purpose  of  this  chapter  to  deal 
especially  with  the  publications  which  have 
made  a  marked  impress  on  the  civic,  social, 
educational  and  business  life  of  Evanston. 
To  give  a  history  of  every  publication 
which  has  appeared  in  the  city  would  re- 
quire a  volume  rather  than  a  chapter,  for 


there  is  scarcely  one  of  the  very  numerous 
literary  organizations,  social  clubs,  and  re- 
ligious societies,  which  has  not,  from  time 
to  time,  fathered  a  small  magazine  or  jour- 
nal, the  existence  of  which  was  ephemeral 
and  yet  which  served  its  purpose  for  the 
brief  period  it  lived.  Due  attention  will  be 
given  to  the  more  important  of  these  in 
this  article.  The  newspaper  which  will  for- 
ever possess  the  honor  of  being  the  pioneer 
of  Evanston  journalistic  enterprise  was 
"The  Suburban  Idea."  It  first  appeared  in 
1S64  and  continued  one  year.  Its  editor 
and  publisher  was  Rev.  Nathan  Sheppard, 
who,  after  his  removal  from  Evanston  some 
years  later,  became  famous  as  the  author 
of  a  number  of  well-known  books,  the 
most  widely  circulated  of  which  was,  "How 
To  Speak  in  Public."  Mr.  Sheppard  was  a 
man  of  superior  literary  attainments,  and 
the  tone  of  "The  Suburban  Idea"  was  al- 
ways high.  It  was  published  weekly,  had 
four  pages  and  four  columns.  During  its 
short  life  it  served  a  useful  purpose  to  the 
little  village,  and  cultivated  the  desire  for 
a  local  newspaper  of  high  grade  which  was 
to  be  so  amply  met  by  its  successor. 

In  any  history  of  Evanston,  the  second 
of  June,  1872,  ought  to  figure  as  one  of  the 
most  important  dates,  for  it  was  on  this 
day  the  first  number  of  "The  Evanston  In- 
dex" appeared.  Seldom  has  a  paper  be- 
come part  and  parcel  of  a  community,  of 


237 


238 


EVANSTON  NEWSPAPERS 


its  homes,  its  official  life,  its  every  activity, 
as  this  paper  has  been  in  the  thirty-two 
years  it  has  been  published.  The  credit  for 
the  founding  of  "The  Index"  belongs  to 
Mr.  Alfred  L.  Sewell.  Mr.  Sewell,  togeth- 
er with  Mr.  John  E.  Miller,  had  been  pub- 
lishing "The  Little  Corporal,"  a  paper  for 
youth,  which  attained  national  circulation. 
Mrs.  Emily  Huntington  Miller  was  the  edi- 
tor of  "The  Little  Corporal."  Mr.  Sewell 
saw  the  possibilities  of  a  village  newspaper 
from  a  business  standpoint,  and  that  the 
commercial  reasons  which  were  his  inspira- 
tion for  the  venture  were  satisfied,  an  in- 
spection of  the  advertising  columns  of  the 
little  sheet  will  show.  That  it  was  a  little 
sheet,  the  interesting  files  on  exhibition  at 
"The  Index"  are  proof,  for  by  actual  meas- 
urement each  of  the  four  pages  was  but 
15  by  203X  inches.  When  the  first  number 
of  "The  Index"  appeared  the  \'illage  of 
Evanston  did  not  contain  a  printing  estab- 
lishment large  enough  to  handle  such  a 
ptiblication,  despite  its  tiny  dimensions. 
Each  week  Mr.  Sewell  would  take  the 
"copy"  to  Chicago,  and  there  the  paper  was 
printed  at  first.  Later  in  the  year,  after 
Air.  Sewell  had  disposed  of  his  Chicago  es- 
tablishment, the  paper  was  printed  by  the 
Chicago  Newspaper  Lnion.  When  "The 
Index"  was  a  year  old,  Mr.  Sewell  opened 
a  printing  office  in  Evanston,  and  from  that 
time  "The  Index"  has  known  no  home 
either  for  editorial  room  or  publishing  of- 
fice, save  that  in  the  city  it  has  served.  In 
November,  1875,  Mr.  John  A.  Childs,  who 
had  been  connected  with  the  paper  from  the 
first,  and  Mr.  David  Cavan  bought  all  of 
Mr.  Sewell's  interest  in  the  paper  and  two 
years  and  two  months  later,  in  January, 
]\Ir.  Childs  became  the  sole  proprietor  bv 
purchasing  the  interest  held  by  ]\Ir.  Cavan. 
It  was  just  before  the  sale  of  "The  In- 
dex" to  Cavan  &  Childs  tliat  "The  Evans- 
ton Herald"  appeared  ;  but  in  the  spring  of 


1876  it  was  amalgamated  with  "The  In- 
dex." For  some  time  the  latter  paper  was 
published  in  a  building  which  stood  on 
Davis  Street,  one  door  west  of  where  the 
present  Century  building  stands.  A  fire 
broke  out  one  night  and  threatened  to  de- 
stroy the  plant.  When  the  good  citizens 
realized  that  danger  threatened  their  family 
paper,  they  rushed  to  the  rescue,  and  dump- 
ing the  type  into  buckets,  they  triumphant- 
ly carried  it  to  safety.  The  humor  of  this 
incident  will  best  be  appreciated  by  those 
who  are  familiar  with  the  printing  business. 
The  entire  building  at  526  Davis  Street  is 
now  given  up  to  the"Index"p!ant.  The  three 
tloors  are  filled  with  the  latest  and  finest 
make  of  presses,  while  several  linotypes  are 
kept  busy  on  twenty-four  hour  runs,  all  the 
year  round.  It  is  not  too  much  to  say  of 
"The  Index,"  as  it  now  appears,  that  it  is 
the  handsomest  weekly  newspaper  in  the 
United  States.  Since  1903  Mr.  Albert  H. 
Bowman  has  been  associated  with  Mr. 
Childs  in  its  publication,  and  is  now  Sec- 
retary and  Treasurer  of  the  corporation  of 
which  Air.  Childs  is  President. 

The  story  of  "The  Evanston  Press,"  its 
conception,  evolution  and  present  day  pop- 
ularity, is  of  exceeding  interest.  The  mod- 
ern novelists  who  are  finding  the  back- 
ground for  their  stories  in  business  life, 
could  write  many  interesting  pages  in  re- 
counting the  incidents  which  surround  the 
growth,  struggles,  and  triumphs  of  "The 
Press"  during  its  upward  progress  to  its 
present  career.  The  first  number  of  "The 
Evanston  Press"  appeared  January  5.  1889. 
Enterprising  at  the  start,  it  was  fortunate 
enough  to  secure  the  services  of  Miss 
Frances  E.  Willard,  who  contributed,  week- 
ly for  a  year,  a  chapter  under  the  caption, 
"An  Old  Timer's  Story  of  Evanston."  This 
series  of  reminiscences  attracted  wide  at- 
tention and.  before  the  third  issue  of  the 
paper  appeared,  it  had  over  one  thousand 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


239 


paid  subscribers.  The  founders  of  "The 
Press"  were  two  young  men,  both  fresh 
from  college,  Mr.  Robert  O.  Yandercook 
and  Mr.  Edwin  L.  Shuman.  The  latter 
withdrew  after  one  year,  but  Mr.  Yander- 
cook has  continued  to  manage  and  publish 
the  paper,  with  the  exception  of  one  year, 
since  its  first  appearance.  In  telling  of 
the  beginnings  of  "The  Evanston  Press" 
Mr.  Yandercook  goes  back  twenty-five 
years  and  gives  a  glimpse  of  an  Evanston 
boyhood  of  rare  interest,  for  it  brings  a 
picture  to  many  of  experiences  along  the 
same  line.  Air.  \'andercook,  in  telling  of 
the  little  seed  that  was  planted,  says :  "It 
came  about  like  this.  Big  brother  traded 
a  boyish  knick-knack  for  a  little  toy  print- 
ing press.  The  younger  brother  was  very 
envious  of  the  toy  and  longed  to  possess  it. 
Big  brother  said  he  would  sell  it  for  $1.50. 
The  small  boy  said  he  would  take  it,  but  he 
didn't  have  any  money,  but  would  pay  for 
it  in  a  week.  The  $1.50  was  paid  from  the 
earnings  of  the  printing  press  within  the 
time  named.  As  fast  as  other  money  was 
earned  it  was  added  to  the  outfit.  The  lit- 
tle toy  was  soon  discarded  for  a  more  prac- 
tical machine.  That  in  its  turn  was  dis- 
carded for  others,  until  at  the  time  of  leav- 
ing high  school,  about  $500  had  been  in- 
vested in  a  printing  plant.  All  was  earned 
except  one  item  of  $40,  which  was  a  pres- 
ent toward  a  new  press." 

From  this  first  start,  so  vividly  depicted, 
came  "The  High  School  Budget,"  and 
though  it  lived  but  a  year,  Mr.  Yandercook 
considers  the  e.xperience  gained  but  one 
more  step  toward  the  ultimate  goal,  "The 
Evanston  Press."  The  corporation  which 
first  published  "The  Press"  was  known  as 
The  University  Press  Companv.  Mr.  \^an- 
dercook  tells  the  story  of  this  publishing 
company  in  the  following  words,  "It  was 
at  the  end  of  the  sophomore  year  when 
good  old  Dr.  Cummings,  the  President  of 


the  University,  called  one  of  the  founders 
of  W'hat  was  then  known  as  The  University 
Press,  and  gave  him  the  kindliest  words  of 
fatherly  advice.  The  good  old  Doctor  said, 
'I  hear  you  have  just  formed  a  University 
Press  Company  and  have  spent  considera- 
ble money  for  type  and  equipment.  I  want 
to  warn  you  to  go  slow.  You  know  noth- 
ing, or  practically  nothing,  of  the  printing 
trade.  What  little  experience  you  have  had 
may  have  been  all  right  along  lines  you 
were  pursuing,  but  I  am  fearful  that 
branching  out  will  only  result  in  failure  Vo 
yourself  and  disappointment  to  your 
friends!'  Some  people  called  it  obstinacy, 
some  perseverance,  that  caused  disregard  of 
Dr.  Cummings'  advice,  but  in  later  years  it 
seems  to  us  it  was  as  much  obstinacy  as 
perseverance.  Much  additional  equipment 
was  added  to  the  little  printing  plant  and 
the  Universit}-  Press  Company,  capital 
stock  $1,000,  was  fully  organized  and  in- 
corporated under  the  laws  of  the  State  of 
Illinois,  H.  H.  C.  Miller,  attorney.  The 
University  Trustees,  in  order  to  assist  the 
new  corporation,  gave  it  office  room,  jani- 
tor's service,  light  and  fuel  free.  The  plant 
was  set  up  in  the  basement  of  the  gymna- 
sium building.  Here  four  or  five  students 
earned  their  way  while  in  college  by  setting 
type  on  "The  Northwestern,"  the  college 
paper  and  the  college  catalogue,  and  a 
number  of  others  also  earned  a  large  share 
of  their  college  expenses.  This  was  the 
■quid  pro  quo'  why  the  university  fur- 
nished what  it  did." 

It  was  not  until  "The  Evanston  Press" 
had  been  published  two  years  that  the  name 
of  the  corporation  was  changed  to  the  Ev- 
anston Press  Company.  For  six  years, 
"The  Press"  was  published  in  the  Simpson 
Market  Building  on  the  south-east  corner 
of  Fountain  Square.  The  next  five  years 
it  was  located  in  the  Park  building,  between 
the  Davis  Street  depots.     Since  1900  "The 


240 


EVANSTON  NEWSPAPERS 


Press"  has  occupied  the  three  story  brick 
building  at  6og  Davis  Street,  and  there  it 
has  had  the  most  successful  period  of  its 
life.  Mr.  Robert  O.  X'andercook  continues 
to  retain  the  financial  and  editorial  control, 
and  the  outlook  is,  that  this  publication  will 
continue  for  years  to  come  to  give  valuable 
service  to  the  cause  of  honorable  journalism 
and  integrity  in  civic  affairs. 

An  interesting  incident  in  the  history  of 
"The  Index"  and  "The  Press"  is  that  at 
one  time  they  became  dailies  and  were  sold 
on  the  streets  of  Chicago  as  such.  It  was 
during  the  Spanish-American  War.  There 
was  a  strike  in  the  mechanical  department 
of  the  Chicago  dailies,  and  all  of  them  had 
suspended  publication.  The  great  sea 
fight  at  Santiago  was  fought  and  the  peo- 
ple of  Chicago  were  mad  for  news.  For 
several  days  the  cry  of  "Index!"  "Press!" 
sounded  on  the  city  streets,  instead  of  the 
familiar  names  the  people  were  wont  to 
hear.  "The  Press"  became  so  enterprising 
that  it  published  three  editions  a  day.  It 
secured  a  special  correspondent  at  Wash- 
ington and  still  preserves  in  its  office  the 
telegram  it  received  announcing  the  de- 
struction of  Cervera's  fleet. 

Evanston  for  a  brief  period  had  a  regular 
daily  paper.  It  was  called  "The  Evanston 
Daily  News,"  and  was  published  by  Milton 
A.  Smith,  who  came  to  Evanston  from  An- 
niston,  Ala.,  to  establish  the  paper.  At  An- 
niston  Mr.  Smith  had  been  the  successful 
publisher  of  "The  Hot  Blast,"  but  the  peo- 
ple of  Evanston  did  not  regard  his  scheme 
with  favor  and  the  life  of  the  daily  was 
short,  the  first  number  appearing  in  No- 
vember, 1897,  and  the  last  in  February, 
1898.  The  paper  had  eight  pages,  half  of 
which  were  devoted  to  news  from  through- 
out the  country.  As  this  was  plate  matter 
and  was  considerably  later  than  the  date 
when  the  same  matter  appeared  in  the  Chi- 


cago dailies,  it  was  not  an  overwhelmingly 
popular    feature. 

Old-timers  in  Evanston  remember  two 
publications  which  flourished  many  years 
ago.  Just  after  the  Chicago  fire  of  1871, 
Mr.  L.  C.  Pitner  issued  "The  Real  Estate 
News."  It  had  no  regular  time  of  publi- 
cation, but  appeared  at  intervals  for  two 
years.  It  had  four  pages  and  these  were 
filled  with  real  estate  advertisements  and  lo- 
cal news  items.  The  other  of  the  two  was 
"The  Lake  Breeze."  It  was  published 
monthly  during  1875  by  Harry  W.  Taylor. 
Miss  Frances  E.  Willard  wrote  a  serial 
story  entitled  "Miriam,"  which  appeared 
in  "The  Lake  Breeze." 

William  Duffell  was  editor  and  publish- 
er of  "The  Evanston  Citizen,"  a  weekly 
newspaper,  the  first  number  of  which  was 
issued  November  3,  1882.  It  was  a  strong 
advocate  of  the  prohibition  cause  and  it 
was  a  popular  paper  during  its  life.  The 
last  number  appeared  the  last  week  in  De- 
cember, 1891. 

Since  December,  1903,  Evanston  has 
been  the  publication  headquarters  of  "The 
Union  Signal,"  the  national  organ  of  the 
Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union. 
This  weekly  publication  with  its  large  cir- 
culation, has  brought  new  fame  to  Evans- 
ton as  the  home  of  important  periodicals. 
Together  with  "The  Union  Signal"  is  fos- 
tered "The  Crusader  Monthly,"  a  child's 
paper,  published  by  the  temperance  work- 
ers. 

Northwestern  University  has  been  the 
home  of  many  publications,  the  best  known 
of  which  has  been  and  is  "The  Northwest- 
ern," which  is  now  published  tri-weekly. 
"The  Northwestern"  is  the  successor  of 
two  college  papers,  "The  Tripod"  and  "The 
Vidette,"  which  united  in  January,  1881, 
and  adopted  the  now  familiar  name.  "The 
Tripod'  was  a  monthly  and  first  appeared 
January,  1871.    It  was  published  by  the  lit- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


241 


erary  societies  of  the  university.  It  was 
a  twelve-page,  three-coliinin  magazine. 
"The  Vidette"  was  a  semi-monthly  and  its 
publishers  were  the  entire  student  body. 
When  "The  Northwestern"  first  appeared 
it  was  published  semi-monthly. 

In  1890  a  college  war  broke  out  between 
the  fraternity  and  non-fraternity  students 
of  the  university.  "The  Northwestern" 
was  controlled  by  the  fraternity  students, 
and  their  rivals,  wishing  an  organ  of  their 
own,  established  "The  Northwestern 
World."  The  first  number  appeared  Octo- 
ber 17,  i8qo,  and  it  was  published  weekly 
during  the  college  year  until  June,  1892. 
Its  demise  was  caused  by  its  last  elected 
editor  becoming  a  fraternity  member.  An 
amusing  phase  of  the  struggle  for  advertis- 
ing patronage  between  the  two  journals  has 
been  told  in  the  college  novel,  "  'Twixt 
Greek  and  Barb,"  which  is  devoted  to  the 
story  of  college  life  at  Northwestern.  The 
contest  was  such  a  unique  feature  of  jour- 
nalistic adventure  that  we  quote  the  story 
as  it  appears  in  the  book.  The  genesis  of 
the  contest  is  first  told  as  follows : 

"The  big  Sophomore  grinned  blandlv  at 
his  friends  as  he  said,  "If  you  howling  man- 
iacs will  be  cool,  calm  and  collected  for  a 
brief  space  of  time,  I'll  tell  you  something 
interesting.  Harburton  has  told  you  that 
I  have  been  getting  'ads'  for  the  new  paper. 
Tedlon,  the  dry-goods  man,  does  as  much 
advertising  as  any  merchant  on  Davis 
Street.  I  called  on  him  today,  and  he  de- 
clared that  he  would  be  able  to  advertise  in 
only  one  of  the  two  papers.  I  made  a  tre- 
mendous stagger  to  get  his  business,  but 
the  old  man  was  foxy,  and  declared  that  he 
wanted  to  find  out  which  paper  would  do 
him  the  most  good.  In  the  next  issue  of 
both  papers,  he  will  advertise  a  special  sale 
for  Saturday.  In  "The  Northwestern"  he 
will  advertise  underwear,  and  in  "The  New 
World,"    kid   gloves.       The    advertisement 


bringing  in  the  greatest  returns  will  win 
for  its  paper  his  advertising  for  the  vear. 
The  sale  will  begin  at  eight  o'clock  in  the 
morning,  and  will  close  at  five  in  the  after- 
noon. Now,  fellows,  here  is  a  chance  to  let 
\our  patriotism  wax  warm.  The  fraterni- 
ties know  of  the  offer,  and  they  intend  to 
land  that  advertising  contract  for  their 
sheet.  Every  mother's  son  and  daughter 
of  the  Greeks  will  stock  up  with  enough 
underwear  to  last  them  the  rest  of  their 
lives.  This  will  be  the  first  clash,  and  we 
must  draw  first  blooil.  Everyone  of  us 
ought  to  buy  enough  gloves  to  cover  the 
fingers  of  an  octopus.  Each  fellow  must 
make  himself  a  committee  of  one,  and  get 
all  his  friends  to  buy  their  season's  supply 
of  gloves  ne.xt  Saturday,  and  above  all  buy 
them  at  Tedlon's.  These  fraternity  people 
must  learn  that  we  mean  business.  'It's 
war  to  the  knife,  the  knife  to  the  hilt  and 
the  hilt  to  the  heart." 

"Keg's  speech  aroused  the  enthusiasm  of 
the  crowd.  The  contest  arranged  by  the 
shrewd  merchant  furnished  the  rival  fac- 
tions a  tangible  basis  upon  which  to  begin 
the  struggle  for  supremacy  When  the 
meeting  adjourned,  the  crowd  poured  down 
the  stairway  with  many  suggestions  of 
method  and  prophecies  of  victory." 

The  result  of  the  fight  between  the  fac- 
tions in  this  queer  journalistic  war  is  told 
in  another  chapter  as  follows : 

"The  sole  topic  at  the  breakfast  table  was 
the  contest  to  take  place  that  day  between 
the  frats  and  the  barbs  for  Tedlon's  ad- 
vertising. Excitement  ran  high  in  univer- 
sity circles,  and  both  sides  were  as  full  of 
prophecies  as  politicians  at  election  time. 
After  finishing  breakfast,  Steve  and  Leslie 
started  for  Tedlon's,  where  the  sale  was  to 
commence  at  eight  o'clock.  It  was  a  few 
minutes  before  the  hour  when  thev  arrived 
there,  and  they  found  a  long  line  of  stu- 
dents waiting   for  the  doors  to  open.     At 


EVANSTON  NEWSPAPERS 


eight  o'clock,  Mr.  Tedlon  appeared  and 
throwing  back  the  doors,  welcomed  them 
in  with  a  gesture.  The  struggle  had  be- 
gun. The  first  man  to  buy  a  pair  of  gloves 
was  the  veteran  captain  of  the  Life  Saving 
Crew,  who  said  that,  being  a  barb  himself, 
he  would  have  to  stand  by  the  cause.  The 
fraternity  men  and  women  came  in  force, 
and,  as  each  left  with  great  packages  of 
goods,  the  eyes  of  the  proprietor  glistened. 
At  noon  the  contest  seemed  about  even. 
There  had  been  more  barbs  who  had  made 
purchases  than  Greeks,  but  the  latter  had 
purchased  greater  amounts,  and  Harney 
Dale,  who  was  acting  as  one  of  the  manag- 
ers for  the  frats,  declared  that  they  were 
sure  to  win.  Later  in  the  afternoon  as  he 
stood  on  the  edge  of  the  walk  before  the 
store,  he  cried,  "Great  Scotland,  we  are  un- 
done.' The  sight  that  brought  forth  ihis 
exclamation  was  a  long  line  of  'bibs,'  who 
were  approaching.  It  was  known  that  the 
sympathies  of  the  Heck  Hallites  had  been 
enlisted  by  the  Barbarians,  but  the  fraterni- 
ty men  had  hoped  that  the  "theologs'  would 
simply  lend  their  moral  influence  to  the 
foe.  Now  that  they  saw  them  approaching, 
led  by  Jack  Williams,  who  had  rounded 
them  up  with  the  skill  of  a  veteran  politi- 
cian, they  were  seized  for  the  first  time 
with  the  fear  of  defeat.  There  were  more 
than  a  hundred  'bibs'  in  line,  and,  from  tlie 
looks  on  their  faces,  it  was  evident  the}' 
meant  business. 

"Harney  stepped  in  front  of  Jack  and  de- 
manded, 'Say,  old  man,  are  you  going  to 
ring  in  the  whole  Methodist  conference  on 
us?' 

"  'Just  watch  my  smoke,'  said  Jack, 
winking,  as  he  steered  the  first  of  the  crowd 
into  the  store. 

"  'Oh,  Lord !  Rennick,'  whispered  Har- 
ney to  his  friend,  'what  shall  we  do?' 

"  'Bless  me,  if  I  know,'  was  Tom's  reo'y, 
'I'm  afraid  they've  got  us  on  the  b\p.' 


"  'Can't  we  turn  in  a  fire  alarm,'  asked 
Harney,  'and  tell  them  that  Heck  Hall  is 
burning  to  the  ground  ?' 

"  'Why  not  set  it  afire?'  suggested  Tom, 
'What  a  sweet  revenge  that  would  be.' 

"  'Stop  fooling,  and  let's  get  our  think- 
ing caps  on.  or  we  are  done  for.' 

"  'Well,  then,"  said  Rennick,  'they've 
brought  down  Heck  Hall ;  we  might  go 
up  and  bring  down  the  fair  flowers  cf  Wil- 
lard  Hall.' 

"  'Why,  half  of  them  have  been  here  al- 
ready," said  Harney,  'but  I'll  go  up  and  see 
Laura  Merrill,  and  have  her  try  to  persuade 
the  rest  of  the  girls  to  come  to  our  rescue, 
while  you  go  and  hunt  the  fellows  and  tell 
them  that  they  must  come  and  buy  again.' 

"  'Buy  again!  Why  half  the  fellows  who 
have  been  playing  this  game,  have  gone 
broke  now,  but  it's  all  for  the  cause,  and 
I'll  see  what  I  can  get  them  to  do.' 

"Harney  and  Tom  gathered  all  the  fra- 
ternity folk  that  they  could  find,  and  sent 
them  to  bring  the  needed  aid.  A  strong 
rally  was  made,  and  the  hopes  of  the 
Greeks  began  to  rise  once  more.  Five 
o'clock  came  at  last. 

"  'We've   won,"  cried   Jack   Williams. 

"  'We've   won,"  cried   Harney   Hale. 

"  'You  both  deserve  to  win,'  cried  Mr. 
Tedlon,  rubbing  his  hands  together  with 
joy.  It  had  been  the  greatest  day  for  sales 
in  the  history  of  the  store.  No  matter  who 
else  had  won.  Mr.  Tedlon,  was  certainly  a 
winner  by  a  large  majority. 

"It  was  a  brief  matter  for  the  sales  of  the 
day  to  be  counted  up,  and  the  beaming 
face  of  Mr.  Tedlon  again  appeared  at  the 
door.  The  street  was  blocked  with  stu- 
dents— Greeks,  barbs,  'bibs,'  'preps'  and 
'co-eds,'  all  anxious  to  hear  the  announce- 
ment. 

"Mr.  Tedlon  waved  his  hand  to  silence 
the  cheers.  'Dear  friends,"  he  said,  'I  will 
not  keep  you  in  suspense.     The  contest  has 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


243 


been  won  by  the  friends  of  the  Northwest- 
ern World.'  If  the  Barbarians,  when  they 
sacked  Athens,  had  uttered  such  a  cry  as 
then  went  up  to  the  heavens,  it  is  no  wonder 
the  inhabitants  were  stricken  with  terror. 
The  latter-day  Greeks,  at  least,  fled  as  pre- 
cipitously, and  left  the  field  to  the  victori- 
ous enemy." 

Numbered  with  other  college  publica- 
tions are  "The  Northwestern  University 
Record,"  a  quarterly  edited  by  a  joint  com- 
mittee from  the  faculties ;  "The  Euphron- 
ian,"  published  by  the  Euphronian  Literary 
Society :  "The  Academian,"  the  organ  of 
the  students  of  Northwestern  Academy, 
and  "The  Northwestern  Magazine,  "  a  liter- 
ary magazine  which  appeared  for  one  col- 
lege year,  that  of  1903-04. 

Among  the  papers  of  general  circulation 
which  are  now  published  in  Evanston,  are: 
"Correct  English,"  a  magazine  dealing  with 
the  intricacies  of  the  language,  appearing 
monthly  and  published  and  edited  by  Mrs. 
Josephine    Turck    Baker;    "The    National 


Stenographer,"  a  monthly  published  and 
edited  by  C.  H.  Rush.  Our  colored  citi- 
zens are  represented  by  the  "North  Shore 
Colored  American,"  the  editor  of  which  is 
Francis  Stewart  and  the  publisher  \V.  H. 
Twiggs.  This  is  not  the  first  periodica! 
which  the  colored  citizens  have  had.  Dur- 
ing the  year  1889,  "The  Afro-American 
Budget,"  a  monthly  magazine,  attracted 
favorable  attention. 

"The  Day,"  a  weekly,  appeared  during 
1904.  It  survived  a  short  time.  Its  editors 
and  publishers  were  Wesley  Stanger  and 
Charles  \'an  Patten.  "The  Noon,"  a  mag- 
azine of  selected  poetry,  made  its  initial 
appearance  in  October,  1900,  and  continued 
for  two  years.  William  S.  Lord  was  edi- 
tor and  publisher. 

Looking  back  over  this  list  of  publica- 
tions, representing  the  aspirations,  interests 
and  progress  of  the  community,  Evanston 
has  reason  to  take  pride  to  herself.  The 
standard  has  always  been  high ;  the  ideal, 
the  best. 


CHAPTER  XXVII. 


MEDICAL  HISTORY 

(regular) 

(by  henry  bixby  hemenway,  m.  d.) 


Primitive  Health  Conditions  —  Freedom 
from  Malarial  Diseases  —  Some  Old- 
Time  Physicians — Sketch  of  Dr.  John 
Evans — Drs.  Liidlam,  Welter  and  Blaney 
— Dr.  N.  S.  Dazis  the  Nestor  of  Medical 
Education  —  An  Early  Drug  Store  — 
Sketches  of  Later  Day  Physicians — Drs. 
Webster,  Bannister,  Burchmore,  Bray- 
ton,  Bond,  Phillips,  Haven,  Hemenivay, 
Kaufman,  and  others  —  Evanston  Phy- 
sicians' Club. 

When  Marc  Anthony  said : 

"The  evil  that  men  do  lives  after  them : 
The  good  is  oft  interred  with  their  bones." 

he  clearly  was  not  speaking  of  physicians. 
If  any  of  them  ever  made  mistakes,  those 
errors  have  been  covered  with  the  daisies 
of  charity  and  hidden  by  the  snow  of  ob- 
livion, while  their  good  deeds  continue  to 
grow  and  multiply  as  the  years  pass  by. 

Evanston  is  itself  a  memorial  to  the  med- 
ical profession.  It  is  called  in  honor  of  a 
distinguished  member  of  a  former  faculty 
of  Rush  Medical  college.  Its  principal 
business  street  was  named  after  the  Nestor 
of  the  American  Medical  Association.  The 
old  village  depended  upon  the  Northwest- 
ern University  for  its  existence.  The  first 
subscription  for  starting  the  University 
bore  obligations  to  the  amount  of  $20,600, 
and  of  this  amount  $5,500  was  subscribed 


by  Drs.  John  Evans,  N.  S.  Davis  and  Wil- 
liam Justice.  Of  the  amount  actually  paid 
in  on  this  subscription  physicians  gave  over 
one-third.  A  regular  practitioner  of  medi- 
cine has  been  the  chief  executive  of  the 
village ;  another  was  Postmaster,  and  doc- 
tors have  borne  their  share  of  the  work  of 
education,  and  other  public  service. 

Early  Health  Conditions.— Before  1855 
there  was  no  doctor  residing  in  Ridgeville, 
as  the  place  was  then  called.  Then,  as 
now,  this  was  a  particularly  healthy  section. 
Whereas,  Chicago,  and  the  ground  south 
of  the  river,  was  only  eight  feet  above  the 
lake,  here  it  was  three  times  as  high,  and 
drainage  was  correspondingly  better.  B. 
F.  Hill  said  to  the  writer  that  he  never 
knew  of  a  case  of  fever  and  ague  occurring 
in  those  early  days,  along  this  north  shore 
and  east  of  the  North  Branch.  The  early 
settlers  were  familiar  with  the  use  of  bone- 
set  for  malarial  fevers,  rue  for  worms,  lo- 
belia for  fevers,  butterfly  weed  for  pleurisy, 
tansy,  camomile,  safifron  and  other  herbs. 
Thev  knew  how  to  use  poultices  and  the 
wet  pack,  as  well  as  other  home  remedies. 
Manv  of  the  better  educated  had  such 
books  as  "Beach's  American  Practice." 
Seldom  was  a  physician  sent  for  to  attend 
any  one  here.  Alonzo  Burroughs,  who 
lived  then  in  the  campus  at  what  is  now  the 
edge   of  the   lake  opposite   Memorial   hall. 


246 


MEDICAL    HISTORY 


never  had  the  assistance  of  a  physician 
in  his  house  until  after  the  birth  of  his  sev- 
enth child.  I  find  that,  for  a  time,  a  young 
doctor  bv  the  name  of  Smith  lived  with 
the  Dennis  family  near  the  present  Gage 
place  on  the  shore  in  \Mlmette.  Dr.  John 
Kennicott,  who  lived  at  Xorthfield,  cov- 
ered th' '  territory  in  his  "drive."  Dr. 
HofTma'h  in  Niles  practiced  amony  our 
German  citizens. 

Dr.  John  Evans,  from  whom  the  place 
has  its  name,  was  born  at  Waynesville,  O., 
March  9,  18 14,  of  Quaker  ancestry.  His 
parents  at  one  time  lived  in  South  Carolina, 
but  they  were  obliged  to  emigrate  on  ac- 
count of  abolition  <:— '"  -■'    j.     In     »hio  his 

,.  ,.  .1. 

father  continue^.'  .  .inufacture  of  tools 

for  which  the  fai'ilily  had  been  somewhat 
noted  for  three  generations.  John  was 
graduated  from  Clermont  Academy  and,  in 
1836,  having  received  his  medical  degree, 
he  began  the  practice  of  medicine  along  the 
Illinois  River.  Later  he  settled  in  Attica, 
Ind.  While  there  he  began  the  agitation 
which  resulted  in  the  establishment  of  the 
first  State  Insane  Asylum  at  Indianapolis, 
of  which  he  was  appointed  the  first  Super- 
intendent. In  1845  lis  moved  to  Chicago 
and  took  the  chair  of  midwifery  in  Rush 
Medical  College,  which  he  held  for  ten 
years.  He  also  edited  the  "Northwestern 
Medical  Journal."  He  inherited  a  taste 
for  business  and  gradually  devoted  more 
attention  to  secular  affairs.  He  aided 
largely  in  building  the  Chicago  and  Fort 
Wayne  Railroad.  He  secured  for  them 
their  terminal  facilities  in  Chicago.  As 
was  before  stated,  he  took  an  active  part 
in  starting  the  Northwestern  University, 
and  he  was  the  President  of  its  Board  of 
Trustees  for  forty-two  years. 

In  1855  he  built  and  moved  into  his  Ev- 
anston  home.  It  was  a  Gothic  cottage 
which  has  since  been  moved  to  1317  Chi- 
cago Avenue.     It  still  retains  manv  of  its 


older  decorations,  but  it  has  lost  some  of 
the  original  Gothic  beauty  by  the  substitu- 
tion of  clapboards  for  battens.  Originally 
it  stood  facing  south  on  Clark  Street  in  the 
middle  of  the  block  from  Hinman  to  Jud- 
son  Avenue.  It  was  surrounded  with  a 
white  picket  fence,  the  east  half  of  the 
block  being  a  rolling  lawn,  while  the  Hin- 
man Avenue  side  was  given  up  to  flowers 
and  shrubs,  among  which  gravel  walks 
wound  in  geometric  designs.  Behind  the 
house  was  the  Gothic  barn  (now  the  resi- 
dence of  Sandy  Trent,  No.  181 5  Benson 
Avenue),  the  hot-beds  and  vegetable  gar- 
den, and  further  back  the  modest  cot- 
tage of  the  doctor's  man,  Mike  Cavenaugh. 
I  have  described  this,  my  old  playground, 
as  a  type  of  the  better  homes  of  the  village. 

In  1862  Dr.  Evans  became  Governor  of 
Colorado,  and  was  never  here  much  of  the 
time  afterward,  though  the  family  home 
was  nominally  here  until  1867.  From  '63 
to  '65  the  house  was  occupied  by  Luther 
L.  Greenleaf.  \\'hile  in  Evanston  the  Doc- 
tor practiced  little,  chiefl}-  in  consultation. 
Of  his  deeds  in  politics  and  railroad  build- 
ing we  have  nothing  here  to  say  further 
than  that,  to  him  more  than  to  any  other 
one  man,  does  Colorado  owe  her  present 
prosperity.  As  a  student  and  practitioner 
of  medicine  he  was  literally  in  the  front 
rank.  In  opposition  to  the  prevailing  opin- 
ion of  the  profession  of  that  time,  he  af- 
firmed, in  the 'forties,  the  contagiousness  of 
cholera,  and  yet,  as  late  as  1862,  his  wife 
rode  in  a  carriage  with  the  casket  contain- 
ing a  victim  of  scarlet  fever,  and  on  re- 
turning home  took  her  little  Margaret  upon 
her  knee.  The  result  was  another  little 
grave  in  Rose  Hill. 

While  teaching  in  Chicago  he  spent 
much  time  perfecting  an  extractor  which 
he  had  invented.  He  was  quite  proud  of 
his  results  and  showed  the  instrument  to  his 
class.      One    of    the    students    obtained    a 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


247 


patent  on  it.  Dr.  Evans,  instead  of  attempt- 
ing to  have  the  patent  set  aside,  so  thor- 
oughly condemned  the  patenting  of  any 
professional  article,  and  so  perfectly 
showed  forth  every  possible  objection  to 
the  use  of  that  particular  instrument  that, 
today,  there  are  very  few  living  who  ever 
have  heard  of  it.  Dr.  Evans  died  in  Den- 
ver, Colo.,  July  3.  1897. 

Dr.  James  W.  Ludlam. — After  Dr. 
Evans,  Orrington  Lunt  and  others  had 
completed  the  purchase  of  the  Evanston 
farm  for  the  University,  they  stopped  to 
water  their  horses  at  the  tavern  kept  by 
Major  Mulford.  This  tavern  was  a  por- 
tion of  the  building  since  known  as  the 
James  S.  Kirk  home,  and  is  now  used  by 
the  Sisters  of  St.  Francis  as  a  hospital.  \'is- 
iting  the  Major  at  the  time  were  Dr.  and 
Mrs.  Jacob  Watson  Ludlam.  They  had 
come  West  to  see  their  sons  Reuben  and 
James,  who  had  located  in  Chicago.  After 
talking  with  the  university  folks.  Dr.  Lud- 
lam became  impressed  with  the  future  of 
the  town  and  purchased  of  the  Major  ten 
acres  of  land  on  the  west  side  of  Ridge 
Avenue.  He  built  there  his.  first  Evanston 
house  just  south  of  Oakton  Avenue.  The 
locust  trees  that  he  planted  show  the  loca- 
tion of  the  house  which  was  burned  some 
twenty  years  ago.  When  Dr.  Ludlam 
found  that  the  new  town  would  not  be  near 
the  old  settlement,  he  first  purchased  the 
southeast  corner  of  Hinman  Avenue  and 
Clark  Street,  opposite  Dr.  Evans,  which  he 
later  exchanged  for  the  present  site  of  the 
Evanston  Club.  Here  he  erected  the  house 
since  moved  to  1206  Hinman  A^'enue,  and 
now  occupied  by  his  children,  Jacob  Wat- 
son, Jr.,  and  Miss  "MoUie." 

Dr.  Ludlam  was  born  at  Camden,  X.  J., 
November  28,  1807.  He  graduated  from 
the  I'niversity  of  Pennsylvania,  and  prac- 
ticed at  Deerfield,  N.  J.,  until  he  came  to 
Evanston,  March  31,   1855.     He  died  here 


July  II,  1859,  and  his  body  was  the  first 
interred  in  Rose  Hill.  With  the  exception 
of  Dr.  Blaney,  Dr.  Ludlam  was  probably 
the  most  thoroughly  educated  man  in  the 
profession  among  the  early  settlers.  In 
those  days  it  was  not  unusual  for  a  manto 
begin  practicing  after  from  th^ee  to  six 
months'  study,  but  Dr.  Ludlam  >jok  three 
years,  and  as  long  as  he  lived  in  the.  East 
it  was  his  custom  to  frequently  spend  a 
month  at  one  of  the  schools  of  medicine. 
Tall  in  stature  and  polished  in  manner,  he 
was  an  ideal  physician. 

The  Ludlam  family  were  not  an  unim- 
portai.  ,ari  '  Mie  social  life  of  the  burgh. 
Of  Reuuen,  the  ^       who  later  be- 

came President  ot  i  e  State  Board  of 
Health,  the  old  Doctor  said  to  one  of  the 
then  old  settlers :  "I  have  a  boy  practicing 
in  Chicago :  I  have  this  satisfaction  about 
him,  that  he  will  never  kill  any  one  with 
his  medicines."  Reuben  remained  in  Chi- 
cago, but  James,  or  Major,  as  he  has  since 
been  known,  went  with  the  Evanston  boys 
— General  Beveridge,  Major  Russell,  Lieu- 
tenant Harry  Pearsons  and  others — into  the 
Eighth  Illinois  Cavalry.  And  "Miss  Mol- 
ly !'  I  remember  hearing  one  of  the  young 
ladies  remark  one  day  after  a  wedding: 
"Xow,  Molly  Ludham  has  been  a  brides- 
maid seven  times,  and  that  is  a  sign  that 
she  never  will  be  married."  She  never  has. 
For  manv  years  she  taught  in  the  old  Ben- 
son Avenue  School,  and  she  did  her  work 
well. 

Evanston's  Second  Physician. — The  sec- 
ond physician  to  locate  here  was  Fayette 
Montrose  Weller.  who  came  in  the  summer 
of  1855,  and  settled  on  Ridge  Avenue  op- 
posite the  present  site  of  the  Academy  of 
the  Msitation.  His  ancestors  were  early 
settlers  of  Xew  England  from  Bavaria, 
Holland,  Scotland  and  England.  He  was 
born  at  Sardinia,  X.  Y.,  April  13,  1825.  He 
first  studied  for  the  ministry,  but  changed 


248 


MEDICAL   HISTORY 


his  mind  and  graduated  from  the  medical 
department  of  the  University  of  Michigan 
in  1854.  His  first  wife,  Marie  Antoinette 
HypoUte,  died  in  Evanston  in  1858.  Three 
years  later  he  married  Philena  M.,  the  eld- 
est daughter  of  George  M.  Huntoon,  one 
of  the  earliest  settlers  of  Ridgeville.  Dr. 
Weller  was  for  three  or  four  years  the 
village  Postmaster,  using  the  Max  Hahn 
building,  which  stood  at  619  Davis  Street. 
Here  he  kept  the  second  drug  store  opened 
in  the  village,  though  it  could  not  have 
been  as  attractive  as  the  colored  lights  and 
soda  fountains  are  at  present,  for  it  did  not 
impress  itself  upon  the  memories  of  the 
girls  of  the  day.  When  Ed.  Clifford  be- 
came Postmaster,  Dr,  \\^eller  sold  to  him 
the  drugs  which  he  moved  into  the  little 
store,  No.  1610  Chicago  Avenue.  Dr. 
Weller  was  a  thick-set,  dark-complexioned 
man,  of  medium  height  and  a  good  practi- 
tioner. In  1865  Dr.  Weller  sold  his  prac- 
tice to  Dr.  Ira  B.  Geier,  but  he  returned  to 
Evanston  in  the  'seventies  for  a  short  time. 
In  1878  he  moved  to  Chicago,  where  he  died 
at  the  age  of  70. 

Dr.  Blaney. — James  \'.  Z.  Blaney  was 
born  at  Newcastle,  Delaware,  May  i,  1820, 
into  a  family  known  for  its  refinement  and 
education,  with  ample  means  to  provide  a 
thorough  education.  The  son  was  gradu- 
ated from  Princeton  College  when  eighteen 
and,  as  soon  as  he  reached  his  majority,  he 
received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine 
from  Jefferson  Medical  College.  In  1842- 
43  he  was  on  duty  at  Jefferson  Barracks, 
St.  Louis.  A  year  later  he  located  in  Chi- 
cago, and  became  Professor  of  Chemistry 
at  Rush.  He  also  edited  the  "Northwestern 
Medical  Journal."  In  1857  he  added  to  his 
other  work  the  chair  of  Chemistry  in  the 
University  and  moved  to  Evanston.  He 
built  and  occupied  the  house  which  recent- 
ly gave  place  to  Mayor  Patten's  new  one 
on  Ridge  Avenue.    As  with  Dr.  Evans,  Dr. 


Blaney's  Evanston  practice  was  chiefly 
consulting.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  war 
Dr.  Blaney  was  ordered  East  as  Medical 
Inspector,  and  never  returned  to  Evanston 
to  reside.  Later  he  was  returned  to  Chi- 
cago as  Medical  Purveyor,  and  at  the  close 
of  the  war  he  was  mustered  out  as  a  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel.  He  died  in  Chicago,  De- 
cember II,  1874. 

After  the  death  of  Dr.  Ludlam,  Dr.  J.  H. 
Hobbs,  a  recent  graduate  from  Rush,  made 
a  short  sojourn  in  our  midst.  About  the 
same  time  a  dapper  little  graduate  from  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  in  the  class  of 
'54,  made  his  appearance.  He  wore  eye- 
glasses— the  only  ones  in  town,  perhaps. 
He  was  a  perfect  gentleman,  and  the  admi- 
ration of  all  the  young  ladies.  He  started 
the  first  baseball  club  in  the  village.  But 
William  \'arian  was  also  a  man  of  skill. 
He  was  the  nephew  of  one  of  America's 
best  surgeons — Washington  Atlee — and  at 
the  beginning  of  the  war  he  became  a 
Brigade  Surgeon.  On  one  occasion,  on 
reaching  a  new  post,  he  was  at  once  ar- 
rested as  a  spy,  being  mistaken  for  a  Con- 
federate General  whom  he  strongly  re- 
sembled. At  the  close  of  the  war  he  settled 
in  Titusville,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  is 
now  an  honored  member  of  the  profession. 

I  am  told  that  in  "61  there  was  a  woman' 
physician  living  in  the  house  on  the  campus 
formerly  occupied  by  Alonzo  Burroughs, 
but  she  was  probably  not  a  graduate.  At 
the  same  time  there  was  a  Dr.  Barker  living 
opposite  the  old  }iIethodist  church,  corner 
of  Orrington  and  Church  Streets.  He 
served  in  the  army  and  after  the  war  he 
settled  in  Wisconsin. 

Ira  B.  Geier,  a  brother  of  Mrs.  Mary  F. 
Haskins,  came  in  '65.  He  was  a  bachelor, 
and  at  the  last  lived  in  a  cottage  which  he 
built  on  the  northeast  corner  of  Benson 
Avenue  and  Davis  Street.  He  was  a  native 
of   Central    New    York.      He    was   a   very 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


249 


well  informed  physician,  but  he  never  had 
a  large  practice.  He  lacked  the  decision, 
energy  and  backbone  which  are  necessary 
for  the  work.  A  slight  indisposition  always 
caused  him  to  fear  his  coming  dissolution. 
On  the  other  hand,  he  was  an  enthusiastic 
Mason,  and  was  the  real  founder  of  Evans 
Lodge,  for  the  first  two  years  acting,  and 
the  next  real.  Worshipful  Master  of  the 
lodge.     He  moved  to  Florida  in  1872. 

Dr.  Leonidas  P.  Hamline,  son  of  Bishop 
Hamline  of  the  Methodist  Church,  was 
born  at  Zanesville.  O..  August  13,  1828. 
He  graduated  at  Castleton  Medical  College, 
\'t.  He  moved  to  Evanston  with  his  family 
in  1865,  and  built  the  residence  now  occu- 
pied by  his  daughter,  Mrs.  T.  S.  Creighton. 
at  1722  Judson  Avenue.  There  he  died 
January  22.  1897.  During  his  early  days  in 
Evanston  Dr.  Hamline  cHd  most  of  the  sur- 
gery performed  here  and  saw  an  occasional 
sick  patient,  but  he  had  practically  retired 
from  practice  when  he  came  here. 

Later  Physicians. — Dr.  Washington  S. 
Scott  came  to  Evanston  i\Iarch  i,  1865. 
Born  near  Wellsburg,  Brooke  County.  W.. 
he  went  to  college  at  Meadville,  Pa.  He  re- 
ceived his  medical  education  in  Philadel- 
phia, Cincinnati  and  Xew  r)rleans.  Before 
coming  to  Evanston  he  practiced  for  some 
time  in  Iowa.  He  was  not  in  active  practice 
long  here,  but  sold  out  to  Dr.  Poole  in 
1867.  He  threw  all  his  energy  into  busi- 
ness. He  started  a  drug  store  at  613  Davis 
street,  almost  on  the  same  spot  on  which  a 
man  by  the  name  of  Donovan  started  the 
first  store  several  years  earlier ;  but,  where- 
as Donovan  soon  went  out  of  business,  Dr. 
Scott's  is  still  in  existence,  two  doors  west, 
now  under  the  ownership  of  Hill  &  Leffing- 
well.  Dr.  Scott  was  a  Democrat,  but  not 
offensively  so.  Naturally  a  Southern  sym- 
pathizer, few  ever  heard  him  say  it.  He 
put  forth  his  best  thought  in  the  interest 
of  Evanston.     He  built  the  first  brick  busi- 


ness block  in  town,  611  and  613  Davis 
Street,  and  the  first  public  hall.  He  built 
the  first  building  intended  for  a  postoffice, 
and  the  first  Masonic  temple.  He  died  at 
the  age  of  70,  in  Springfield,  111.,  June  25, 
1901. 

Dr.  Isaac  Poole  was  born  in  Halifax, 
Plymouth  County,  Mass.,  July  26,  1837. 
He  was  graduated  in  medicine  from 
the  Berkshire  Medical  College,  Pittsfield 
Mass.,  in  November,  1862.  For  two 
years  he  was  interne  at  the  Kings 
County,  N.  Y.,  Hospital.  For  two 
years  he  served  as  a  Surgeon  in  the  United 
States  Navy.  He  came  to  Evanston  in 
February,  1867,  and  has  practiced  here  ever 
since.  He  is  now  the  oldest  physician  in 
Evanston,  and  the  oldest  in  the  practice  of 
medicine.  He  is  of  revolutionary  and  of 
Puritan  descent.  His  grandfather,  John 
Poole,  was  a  minute  man  during  the  entire 
War  of  Independence.  He  is  also  descended 
from  Dr.  Samuel  Fuller,  the  physician  of 
the  Mayflower. 

James  Stewart  Jewell  was  born  at  Galena, 
111..  September  8,  1837.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  Chicago  Medical  College  in  i860. 
He  was  Professor  of  .\natomy  in  the  same 
institution  from  1864  to  1869,  and  of  Ner- 
vous Diseases  during  the  later  years  of  his 
life.  In  1870  he  received  the  honorary  de- 
gree of  A.  M.  from  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity.    He  died  in  Chicago,  April   18,   1887. 

Dr.  Jewell  was  naturally  a  brilliant  man. 
He  was  a  most  entertaining  lecturer  and 
conversationalist.  He  was  a  linguist  of 
more  than  ordinary  ability.  Soon  after  he 
came  to  Evanston,  about  1868,  he  started  a 
Bible  class  in  the  Methodist  Sunday-school, 
then  under  the  superintendence  of  Ed- 
ward Eggleston.  The  class  grew  rapidly, 
and  it  was  soon  postponed  until  after  the 
regular  session  of  the  school  for  two  rea- 
sons :  first,  that  they  might  have  more 
room  ;    and  second,  that  members  of  other 


250 


MEDICAL   HISTORY 


churches  might  attend.  So  popular  was  he 
that  the  old  Methodist  church,  then  the 
largest  auditorium  in  the  village,  was  filled 
every  week.  He  illustrated  his  lectures 
with  large  charcoal  sketches  and  maps  of 
his  own  drawing.  So  interested  did  he  be- 
come that  he  started  to  write  a  book  on  the 
Life  and  Travels  of  St.  Paul,  and  with  that 
in  view,  he  took  a  party  of  Evanston  young 
men  to  Palestine  in  1870.  In  his  party  was 
Frederick  Huse.  later  a  doctor  of  medicine. 
The  book  was  never  finished.  He  became 
interested  in  psychology,  and  through  that 
he  began  a  closer  study  of  the  nervous  sys- 
tem. This  led  to  a  study  of  the  diseases  of 
the  nervous  system,  to  which  he  limited  his 
later  practice.  He  started  a  "Journal  of 
Nervous  Diseases,"  and  left  a  partially 
completed  work  upon  this  subject,  but  death 
overtook  him  in  the  midst  of  his  labor. 
I  have  heard  them  tell  how  he  first  appeared 
in  the  medical  school,  a  tall,  awkward  boy, 
wearing  blue-jeans  trousers.  I  have  heard 
him  narrate  about  his  weary  work  in  coun- 
try practice  before  he  came  to  Evanston, 
often  sleeping  as  he  rode  upon  his  horse's 
back,  awakening  with  a  start  as  he  uncon- 
sciously ducked  his  head  to  avoid  an  over- 
hanging branch.  He  killed  himself  by  over- 
work, and  a  disregard  of  the  very  rules 
which'  he  so  well  taught  us. 

James  Henry  Etheridge,  the  son  of  a  phy- 
sician, was  born  in  Johnsville,  N.  Y.,  March 
20,  1845.  After  studying  at  Ann  Arbor 
he  graduated  from  Rush  Medical  College  in 
1868,  and  settled  in  Evanston.  His  sister 
was  the  wife  of  Lyman  J.  Gage,  who  then 
lived  on  Hinman  Avenue.  After  practicing 
here  for  a  year  and  a  half.  Dr.  Etheridge 
married  Harriet,  the  daughter  of  H.  G. 
Powers,  and,  in  1870,  went  to  Europe  for 
further  study.  When  he  returned  he  settled 
in  Chicago,  where  he  died  in  i8qi,  having 
been  a  professor  in  his  alma  mater  for  thirty 
vears. 


It  is  not  probable  that  any  man  has  ex- 
erted a  more  powerful  influence  upon  the 
medical  profession  of  the  L'nited  States  than 
my  old  preceptor.  Dr.  Nathan  Smith  Davis. 
The  Davis  family  lived  opposite  the  First 
Alethodist  church  from  1871  to  1881.  and 
it  had  been  the  doctor's  expectation  to  spend 
here  the  remainder  of  his  life,  but  the  un- 
timely death  of  his  son  Frank  changed  his 
plans. 

The  Nestor  of  Medical  Education. — N. 
S.  Davis,  the  youngest  of  seven  children, 
was  born  on  a  farm  which  his  father  had 
cleared  at  Greene,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  9,  1817.  This 
son,  after  attending  Cazenovia  Seminary, 
began  the  study  of  medicine  in  1831  with 
Dr.  Daniel  Clark,  at  Smithville  Flats.  Ac- 
cording to  custom  the  boy  lived  with  his 
preceptor,  taking  care  of  his  horses  and 
doing  other  work.  In  1837,  before  he  was 
of  age,  he  graduated  with  honor  from  the 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  at  Fair- 
field, N.  Y.  His  thesis  was  upon  animal 
temperature.  While  in  college  he  boarded 
himself  much  of  the  time.  He  settled  first 
at  Vienna,  N.  Y.,  and  then  at  Binghamton, 
where,  for  a  time,  he  had  as  an  associate, 
Dr.  A.  B.  Palmer,  later  the  Dean  of  the 
Medical  Department  at  Ann  Arbor.  In 
1847  Dr.  Davis  became  a  professor  in  the 
College  of  Physiciansand  Surgeons  in  New 
York  City.  Two  years  later  he  came  to 
Chicago  as  a  Professor  of  Practice  in  Rush 
Medical  College.  Dr.  Davis  early  began 
to  advocate  a  more  systematic  course  in  the 
study  of  medicine,  and  in  1859,  he  started 
the  Chicago  Medical  College,  now  owned 
by  the  Northwestern  University.  This  was 
the  first  medical  school  in  this  country  to  in- 
sist upon  a  graded  course  of  three  years' 
study.  Harvard  being  the  second,  more  than 
a  decade  later.  Chiefl\-  at  his  own  expense 
he  started  a  hospital  in  the  old  Lake  House, 
which  later  became  Mercy  Hospital.  In 
honor  of  Dr.  Davis  the  American  Medical 


i 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


251 


Association,  several  years  ago,  had  a  medal 
struck,  thus  recognizing  him  as  its  founder. 
It  was  his  pen  that  drew  up  the  code  of 
ethics  which  still  governs  that  body. 

Dr.  Davis  was  a  clear  thinker  and  forcible 
speaker.  He  was  tireless  in  his  original 
investigations.  He  did  his  share  of  editor- 
ial work,  the  last  being  upon  the  "Journal  of 
the  American  Medical  Association."  Dr. 
Davis  always  took  a  most  active  part  in 
sanitary  matters.  In  Chicago  and  in  Evan- 
ston,  by  popular  lectures  and  constant  agita- 
tion, he  did  much  toward  the  establishment 
of  public  water  supply  and  sewerage  sys- 
tems. There  was  a  time  in  Chicago  when 
he  was  spoken  of  as  "Pope  Davis,"  because 
of  his  influence  over  the  Irish  people.  This 
influence  was  noted  in  the  dark  days  of  the 
Civil  War.  when  recruits  were  badly  wanted 
but  were  slow  to  come.  Then  Dr.  Davis, 
standing  on  the  court  house  steps,  so  elo- 
quently pleaded  with  them  that  large  num- 
bers came  forward  to  enlist. 

Dr.  Davis  was  one  of  the  first  physicians 
to  decry  the  use  of  alcohol  as  medicine,  and 
later,  through  his  eilorts,  the  Washington- 
ian  Home  was  started  in  Chicago  for  the 
care  of  inebriates. 

Dr.  Davis  was  always  an  active  member 
of  the  ^lethodist  Church,  and  while  he  lived 
in  Evanston  he  seldom  was  absent  from  the 
morning  or  evening  service,  and  as  regular 
as  the  hour  for  Sunday-school,  you  might 
see  him  walk  down  the  middle  aisle  to  his 
Bible  class.  For  two  or  three  years  he  was 
President  of  the  Board  of  Village  Trustees. 
On  one  occasion  a  Trustee  sent  in  a  bill  for 
hotel  and  livery  entertainment  of  some 
visitors  to  the  village.  Dr.  Davis  cast  it 
aside  with  the  remark  that  such  matters 
were  private  and  should  not  be  paid  from 
village  funds.  "I  think  we  should  pay  the 
bill,"  said  one  of  the  Trustees,  indicating 
thereby  a  dissent  from  the  decision  of  the 
chair.     "All  right."  said  Dr.  Davis,  putting 


his  hand  into  his  pocket,  "III  give  five 
dollars,  what  will  you  give?"  "One,"  was 
the   feeble  reply. 

Dr.  Davis  was  always  the  poor  man's 
friend.  On  one  occasion  a  lady  brought  her 
daughter  to  the  doctor,  insisting  that 
she  wanted  him  to  give  her  special  atten- 
tion, and  she  was  willing  to  pay  whatever 
he  asked.  The  Doctor's  head  was  bent  over 
as  he  listened  to  her.  Then  he  replied : 
"]My  fee  is  one  dollar.  I  give  my  best  care 
to  every  patient,  the  poor  as  well  as  the 
rich.     I  cannot  do  more  in  your  case." 

The  son  of  Bishop  Whitehouse  once  came 
to  consult  Dr.  Davis.  He  was  dressed  in 
the  height  of  fashion.  The  office  girl  gave 
him  a  number  and  requested  him  to  take 
a  seat ;  but,  looking  with  scorn  upon  the 
long  line  of  working  people  ahead  of  him, 
he  rapped  at  the  private  door.  He  explained 
to  the  Doctor  that  he  wished  to  consult  him. 
"Take  a  seat,"  was  the  reply.  "Probably 
}'ou  do  not  know  who  I  am,"  said  the  young 
man.  "I  am  the  son  of  Bishop  White- 
house."  "Take  two  seats,"  responded  Dr. 
Davis,  as  he  turned  to  hear  the  troubles  of 
"next." 

The  Doctor's  advice  to  his  students  as  to 
treatment  was.  "First  determine  what  is 
wrong.  Then  find  the  cause  and  remove 
it.  Lastly  determine  what  in  your  judg- 
ment is  the  best  remedy  to  be  used  in  the 
case  and  use  it."  I  have  often  heard  him 
tell  with  a  twinkle  in  his  eye  how  he  once 
sent  to  an  eclectic  physician  for  some  simple 
remedy  for  one  case  and  of  his  neighbor's 
boastful  pride  over  the  fact.  Dr.  Davis  re- 
ceived the  honorary  degrees  of  A.  M.,  and 
LL.  D.  from  Xorthwestern  University.  He 
died  June    16,    IQ04. 

An  Early  Drug  Store. — In  the  early 
'seventies  Dr.  T.  S.  Blackburn,  a  native  of 
Canada  and  graduate  from  Ann  Arbor, 
opened  a  drug  store  in  the  brick  building 
east   of  the   Central    Street    station   of   the 


252 


MEDICAL   HISTORY 


Northwestern  Road.  The  North  Evanston 
practice  was  divided  between  Drs.  Black- 
burn and  Jenks,  both  of  whom  are  now 
dead. 

In  the  late  'seventies  there  appeared  in 
the  village  a  fine  looking  gentleman,  of 
middle  age,  who  promised  to  cut  a  wide 
swath  in  the  local  profession.  Whence  he 
came  or  where  he  studied  I  have  not  found. 
His  name  was  Trimble.  In  a  short  time 
he  had  upon  his  list  the  names  of  several 
prominent  families,  but  an  unfortunate 
series  of  fatal  accidents  discouraged  him 
and  he  sought  the  balmy  air  of  Florida, 
followed  by  a  threat  of  shooting  if  ever  he 
were  seen  in  town  again. 

Latter  Day  Physicians. — Dr.  Edward 
H.  Webster  was  born  of  old  Puritan  stock 
at  Wells  River,  Vt.,  in  1851.  He  traces  his 
ancestry  in  this  country  to  the  middle  of  the 
seventeenth  century.  In  1867  the  family 
moved  to  Evanston,  where  the  father  was 
known  for  his  generosity  to  the  poor.  Ed- 
ward attended  the  university  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Sigma  Chi  fraternity.  He 
graduated  from  the  Chicago  Medical  Col- 
lege in  1877,  and  has  been  located  in  Evan- 
ston since  '79.  In  his  later  student  days, 
and  for  two  years  following,  he  was  in 
charge  of  the  infirmary  of  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  Railway  in  Chicago,  and 
ever  since  he  has  been  the  District  Surgeon 
of  that  company. 

Henry  Martyn  P.annistcr,  son  of  Profes- 
sor Henry  Bannister,  D.  D..  of  the  old  Insti- 
tute faculty,  was  born  at  Cazenovia,  N.  Y., 
July  25,  1844.  The  family  came  to  Evanston 
in  1856.  Here  the  son  received  his  degree  of 
A.  M.  From  1864  to  1873  he  was  con- 
nected with  the  Smithsonion  Institute,  at 
Washington.  He  was  badly  frozen,  separ- 
ated from  his  companions  and  nearly  lost 
his  life,  while  on  the  exploring  expedition 
sent  out  by  the  Government  before  we  pur- 
chased Alaska.   He  was  graduated  from  the 


medical  department  of  Columbia  University 
in  187 1.  For  some  years  he  was  a  physician 
at  the  Kankakee  Asylum,  but  during  much 
of  his  professional  career  he  has  been  en- 
gaged in  medical  journalism.  He  is  now 
on  the  stafif  of  the  "Journal  of  the  American 
Medical  Association." 

Gustav  A.  Fischer,  born  in  1846,  came 
here  about  1875.  He  was  graduated  from  the 
University  of  Prague,  .--Vustria,  in  1871.  He 
now  resides  in  Chicago.  John  J.  Scheuber 
came  here  from  Switzerland  about  the  same 
time.  He  had  quite  a  practice  among  the 
Germans.  He  treated  cancer  with  plasters, 
and  had  a  diphtheria  cure  which  still  has 
some  reputation.  He  married  a  sister  of  J. 
H.  Stephen,  the  genial  manager  of  Muno's 
bakery.  Dr.  Scheuber  died  in  Joliet,  in 
lyoo,  at  the  age  of  64. 

John  H.  Burchmore  was  born  November 
12,  1849,  '11  Salem,  Mass.,  where  his  family 
had  resided  since  before  the  Revolution.  He 
was  graduated  from  the  medical  school  of 
Harvard  University  in  1875.  and.  after  serv- 
ing as  interne  in  the  Massachusetts  General 
Hospital  and  resident  physician  in  the 
Boston  Lying-in  Hospital,  in  1877  he  lo- 
cated in  what  was  then  North  Evanston. 
He  married  a  daughter  of  John  W.  Stewart, 
one  of  the  most  prominent  residents  there. 

Dr.  Sarah  H.  Bray  ton  was  born  in  Eng- 
land in  1849.  She  was  graduated  in  medi- 
cine by  the  New  York  Free  Medical  Col- 
lege for  Women,  in  the  spring  of  1875.  In 
1883  she  settled  in  Evanston. 

Thomas  Sheldon  Bond,  the  son  of  a  Con- 
gregational minister,  was  born  at  Lee, 
Mass.,  December  14,  1842.  He  graduated 
from  Amherst  College  with  the  degree  of 
A.  M.,  in  1863,  and  taught  at  Lake  Forest. 
In  1867  he  graduated  from  the  Chicago 
Medical  College  and  the  next  year  received 
a  like  degree  from  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons  of  New  York.  From  i86q 
to   1874  he  was   demonstrator  of  anatomy 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


2^ 


DO 


and  from  1874  to  1879.  Professor  of  Anat- 
omy in  Chicago  Medical  College.  He  then 
retired  to  private  life  and,  in  1882  moved 
to  Evanston,  where  he  died  December  4, 
1895.  Dr.  Bond  was  as  fine  an  anatomist 
as  there  was  in  Chicago,  and  a  most  excel- 
lent teacher. 

William  A.  Phillips,  son  of  William  B. 
Phillips,  was  born  in  Chicago,  January  18, 
1861.  His  genealogy  in  this  country 
reaches  back  to  George  Phillips,  who  came 
to  Salem,  Mass.,  in  1632.  In  1870  the  fam- 
ily moved  to  Evanston.  Here  the  son  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  Ph.  B.  He  studied  in 
the  Northwestern  Medical  School,  and  in 
1887  received  the  degree  of  M.  D.  from 
Harvard.  After  spending  a  year  at  \'ienna 
he  settled  in  Evanston.  For  a  time  he  was 
lecturer  on  comparative  anatomy  in  the 
University.  He  is  an  enthusiastic  student 
of  anthropology,  and  his  valuable  collec- 
tion is  one  of  the  attractions  of  the  Univer- 
sity Museum. 

Otis  Erastus  Haven,  the  eldest  son  of 
Bishop  E.  O.  Haven,  once  President  of 
the  University,  was  born  in  New  York  City, 
July  2,  1849.  He  was  graduated  as  an 
A.  B.  from  Ann  Arbor,  in  1870,  and  went 
to  Iowa  to  teach.  In  1873  he  received  his 
master's  degree,  and  came  to  Evanston  as 
Superintendent  of  the  Public  Schools.  Then 
he  studied  medicine  while  teaching,  and  was 
graduated  from  Rush  in  1882.  He  spent 
some  months  in  New  York  Hospital  and 
then  opened  an  office  here.  He  was  at 
once  elected  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Ed- 
ucation and  served  until  his  death,  February 
3,  1888.  His  professional  career  had  been 
short,  but  he  was  universally  beloved  as  a 
man  and  physician. 

Henry  Bixby  Hemenway  was  born  at 
Montpelier,  \'t.,  December  20,  1856.  He 
traces  his  family  in  Salem,  ]\Iass.,  back  as 
far  as  1636.  He  came  to  Evanston  in 
September,   1857,  where  his  father  became 


professor  in  the  Theological  School.  He 
received  the  degrees  of  A.  B.  and  A.  M. 
from  the  University,  and  was  licensed  to 
practice  in  1880  by  State  examination.  He 
was  graduated  from  Chicago  Medical  Col- 
lege in  1 88 1  and  located  at  Kalamazoo, 
Mich.  While  there  he  was  City  Health  Of- 
ficer, Secretary  of  Board  of  United  States 
Examining  Surgeons,  Division  Surgeon  of 
the  Michigan  Central  and  of  the  Grand  Rap- 
ids &  Indiana  Railways,  and  held  offices  in 
the  local  and  State  Medical  Societies.  In  the 
fall  of  1890  he  returned  to  Evanston.  He 
taught  one  year  in  Rush  College  and  gave 
a  course  of  lectures  at  the  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons  in  1900,  during  the 
illness  of  Professor  Carter.  He  is  the 
Surgeon  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  and  the  Chicago  &  Milwaukee  electric 
roads. 

Gustav  W.  Kaufman  was  born  in  Han- 
over, Germany,  in  i860.  He  was  educated 
in  the  German  Gymnasium  and  School  of 
Pharmacy.  In  1881  he  came  to  America 
and  engaged  in  the  drug  business  in  St. 
Louis.  He  was  graduated  from  the  St. 
Louis  College  of  Pharmacy  in  1886,  and 
four  years  later  received  the  doctor's  degree 
from  the  St.  Louis  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons.  He  settled  in  Evanston  in 
1890. 

Lack  of  space  prevents  more  than  the 
mere  mention  of  Dr.  Gray,  a  copy  of  Jewell, 
who  conducted  a  small  private  asylum  here 
in  the  'eighties  :  of  Bentz,  who  at  one  time 
lived  in  North  Evanston  and  moved  to 
Wheeling  ;  of  O.  T.  Maxson,  who  graduated 
from  Rush  in  1849,  ^"cl  came  to  South 
Evanston  in  '84,  taking  great  interest  in 
that  village ;  he  died  in  '95,  as  did  also 
Hawlev,  after  a  short  residence  here ;  or 
Leonard,  also  of  the  south  wards ;  of  Ly- 
ford,  wdio  came  in  the  'eighties,  and  re- 
turned to  Port  Byron ;  of  Stewart,  who 
was   killed   by   the   cars   in    93 :    of  Josiah 


254 


MEDICAL   HISTORY 


Jones,  who  gave  up  the  Health  Comniission- 
ership  to  dig  gold  in  the  Klondike :  of 
Drs.  O.  Mueller.  Bernard  Miller,  Frazier 
and  Kimmet,  returned  to  Chicago  :  of  W.  A. 
Palmer,  removed  to  Minnesota,  and  Ivaats, 
returned  to  England  ;  of  Harriet  Wolfe,  who 
became  a  Goodrich  and  retired  from  prac- 
tice ;  of  Wilder,  who  married  Marie  Huse, 
and  died  in  Iowa :  of  Harding,  who  married 
Mary  Clifford,  an  old  resident,  and  in  91 
returned  to  Evanston  from  Goshen ;  of  Da- 
kin,  an  Evanston  boy,  who  graduated  from 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York,  in  '90, 
and  came  back  two  years  later;  of  Bjork- 
man,  who  died  in  1903 :  of  Harder,  Stock- 
ley,  Baird,  Balderston.  Mars,  East,  the 
McEwens,  Clyde,  who  came  here  since 
1890,  and  the  various  specialists  who  have 
resided  here :  such  as  Ridlon,  the  leading 
orthopedic  surgeon  of  the  West ;  Dodd, 
the  eye  surgeon ;  Ballenger  and  Walters, 
the  laryngologists ;  Pusey  and  Andrews, 
all  of  whom  now  reside  in  Evanston. 
William  R.  Parks,  our  present  Commis- 


sioner of  Health,  was  born  in  Milwaukee  in 
1869.  He  received  the  degrees  of  Ph.  B. 
and  Ph.  M.  from  Northwestern  University, 
and  in  1893  graduated  from  Rush  Medical 
College.  After  two  years  in  the  Presby- 
terian Hospital  he  returned  to  Evanston  to 
practice. 

In  1883  a  Medical  Society  was  organized 
by  some  of  the  more  recent  settlers  in  the 
profession  in  Evanston.  It  was  known  as 
the  Physicians'  Club.  Its  meetings  were  held 
at  the  Avenue  House.  Its  Officers  were  Dr. 
Hemenway,  President ;  Kaufman,  \'ice- 
President ;  and  Palmer,  Secretary  and 
Treasurer.  At  the  close  of  the  year  the  or- 
ganization was  a  thing  of  the  past. 

In  1902  one  of  the  first  branches  organ- 
ized of  the  Chicago  Medical  Society  was 
established  in  Evanston.  Its  membership 
is  not  limited  to  Evanston,  but  it  includes 
resident  physicians  of  the  North  Shore  to 
the  County  line.  In  the  effort  to  unify  the 
profession,  this  society  opens  its  doors  to  all 
reputable  practitioners. 


CHAPTER   XXVIII. 


MEDICAL  HISTORY 

(HOMCEOPATHIC.) 
(By  DR.  M.  C.  BRAGDON) 


First  Case  of  Homoeopathic  Treatment  in 
Evanston  —  Suceessful  Results  —  Early 
Homoeopathic  Physicians — Dr.  Hazvkcs 
First  Local  Practitioner — He  is  Folloivcd 
by  Dr.  C.  D.  Fairbanks — Sketch  of  Dr. 
Oscar  H.  Mann — His  Prominence  in 
Local  Educational,  Official  and  Social  Re- 
lations— Founding  of  the  Evanston  Hos- 
pital— Doctors  Marcy.  Clapp  and  Fuller 
— Roll  of  the  Later  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons. 

About  1854  a  child  living  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  the  Alulford  tavern  was  taken  sick 
one  night,  and  the  family  feared  that  she 
could  not  live  till  morning.  There  was  no 
doctor  nearer  than  Chicago,  and  it  was  not 
likely  that  one  could  be  obtained  before 
the  next  day,  too  late  to  save  the  patient. 
It  was  ascertained  that  the  wife  of  one  of 
the  early  settlers  then  stopping  at  the 
tavern  had  a  case  of  homoeopathic  rem- 
edies. The  gentleman  did  not  believe  in 
that  mode  of  treatment,  but  his  wiie  did. 
As  she  was  ill.  the  husband  took  the  case 
of  pills  in  one  hand  and  a  manual  of  prac- 
tice in  the  other,  and  went  to  the  patient's 
relief.  He  knew  little,  if  any.  of  the  signs  of 
disease,  but  he  sat  by  the  bed  and  studied  the 
book.  He  said,  in  telling  of  the  incident, 
that  while  he  was  not  very  hopeful  of  do- 
ing good,  he  felt  sure  that  he  would  do  no 


harm.  In  the  morning  the  patient  was  suf- 
ficiently recovered  so  that  it  was  not  con- 
sidered necessary  to  send  for  a  physician. 
So  far  as  known,  this  was  the  first  record  of 
homoeopathic   treatment   in    Evanston. 

Many  of  the  early  residents  were  ac- 
customed to  this  method  before  they  came 
to  Evanston.  It  was  not  uncommon  to  find 
a  copy  of  Small's  "Manual  of  Homoeopathic 
Practice"  on  the  book  shelf,  or  some  other 
book  for  family  use.  and  the  more  common 
remedies  were  kept  on  hand,  even  by  those 
who  were  accustomed  to  employ  the  old 
school  doctors.  The  simplicity  of  the  sys- 
tem, the  ease  with  which  it  could  be  used, 
and  the  freedom  from  harmful  results, 
recommended  it. 

Homoeopathy  in  Evanston  has  always  had 
the  support  of  many  of  the  best  educated 
people  in  the  village,  and  among  the  earlier 
residents  were  many  strong  believers  in  the 
new  school.  Doctors  Adam  Miller,  J. 
Nicholas  Cooke,  Reuben  Ludlam.  and 
other  Chicago  practitioners,  made  frequent 
professional  trips  to  the  village. 

First  Resident  Practitioner. — At  that 
early  time  there  were  few  homoeopathic 
schools.  Most  of  the  practitioners  were 
graduates  of  the  old  school  who  had  be- 
come dissatisfied  with  the  heroic  treatment 
then  in  vogue,  and  so  had  taken  refuge  in 
this   more   simple   system.      Many   of  them 


255 


256 


MEDICAL  HISTORY 


however  did  not  adhere  strictly  to  the  law 
of  similars.  In  1856  one  of  this  style  came 
and  settled  in  the  village.  His  name  was 
Hawkes.  So  far  as  the  writer  has  been 
able  to  find,  he  was  not  related  to  Prof.  W. 
J.  Hawkes  who  came  later,  though  they 
have  often  been  confounded  with  each 
other.  This  man  was  in  some  way  related 
by  marriage  to  Dr.  Moses  Gunn,  one  of 
the  foremost  surgeons  of  half  a  century 
ago  in  Chicago,  and  to  Mr.  Gould,  who 
long  occupied  the  position  of  clerk  at  Rush 
Medical  College.  He  was  also  a  distant 
connection  of  the  Judson  family,  and  for 
his  use  Rev.  Philo  Judson  had  erected  the 
commodious  house  which  was  removed  to 
give  place  to  the  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association  building  in  1898.  Dr.  Hawkes 
remained  only  a  year. 

From  that  time  until  the  middle  'sixties 
there  was  no  resident  homoeopathic  physi- 
cian. Dr.  C.  D.  Fairbanks  lived  in  Evan- 
ston  about  1865.  Little  is  known  of  him. 
All  who  knew  him  spoke  well  of  him,  both 
as  a  man  and  as  a  physician.  It  is  said 
that  he  moved  from  our  midst  to  Engle- 
wood,  but  this  is  uncertain. 

Dr.  Oscar  H.  Mann. — In  1866  Oscar 
H.  Mann  took  the  place  vacated  in  the  com- 
munity by  Dr.  Fairbanks.  Dr.  Mann  w-as 
born  at  Providence,  R.  I..  November  24, 
1835.  His  great-grandfather  was  an  of- 
ficer in  the  American  Revolution.  The 
doctor  received  his  earlier  medical  educa- 
tion in  New  York  City,  and  began  prac- 
ticing. He  received  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Medicine  from  Hahnemann  Medical  Col- 
lege, Chicago,  March.  1866.  Afterward  he 
came  to  Evanston  where  he  was  for  many 
years  a  prominent  factor  in  the  life  of  the 
village,  socially  and  politically.  For  about 
three  years  he  lectured  on  Chemistry  and 
Hygiene  at  the  Northwestern  Female  Col- 
lege, which  was  familiarly  called  the  Jones 
College  from  its  founder  and  Principal.    Dr. 


Mann  was  one  of  the  prime  movers,  and  the 
first  President  of  the  Evanston  Social  Club, 
the  first  organization  of  the  kind  in  our 
midst.  L'nder  its  auspices  were  held 
theatricals,  dances,  and  card  parties.  At 
this  time  it  is  hard  to  realize  with  what 
horror  such  an  organization  was  then  gen- 
erally regarded.  It  occupied  the  rooms  now 
devoted  to  the  Odd  Fellows,  604  Davis 
Street.  Dr.  Mann  served  as  Township,  and 
\'illage  Trustee.  He  was  the  last  Presi- 
dent of  the  village,  and  the  first  Mayor  of 
the  city.  Under  his  administration  the  old 
\illage  of  South  Evanston,  which  was  or- 
ganized because  its  residents  did  not  wish 
to  be  taxed  for  a  general  water  supply,  was 
merged  with  Evanston,  in  order  to  get  the 
benefit  of  our  superior  water  system.  The 
present  City  Hall  was  erected  with  rooms 
for  the  Police  and  Fire  Departments,  and 
for  the  Public  Library.  His  home,  once 
the  scene  of  frequent  parties,  stood  where 
the  present  Mann  building  now  houses  the 
Postoffice  and  Masonic  Temple.  In  1889 
the  house  was  removed  to  811  LTniversity 
Place,  where  it  now  stands.  He  was  one  of 
the  first  officers  of  the  Evanston  Com- 
mandery  Knights  Templar,  and  served  one 
year  as  President  of  the  State  Homoeopathic 
Medical  Society.  He  gradually  retired  from 
practice,  and,  on  the  completion  of  his  ser- 
vice as  Mayor,  spent  some  years  on  his  ranch 
at  Okobojo,  South  Dakota,  though  still  re- 
taining his  legal  residence  and  interest  in 
Evanston. 

Dr.  M.  C.  Bragdon. — In  the  summer  of 
1873  Dr.  Mann  took  into  partnership  a 
young  man  from  Evanston,  then  fresh  from 
his  studies  in  Vienna.  Merritt  Caldwell 
Bragdon  was  born  at  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  Jan- 
uary 6,  1850.  His  father.  Rev.  Charles  P. 
Bragdon,  was  sent  to  Evanston  in  1858  as 
the  pastor  of  the  First  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church.  The  family  moved  into  the  house 
which  had  beeti  built  for  Dr.  Hawkes,  on 


i\ 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


257 


Orrington  Avenue.  Here  the  father  died, 
leaving  his  widow,  three  boys  and  two  girls. 
Merritt,  the  second,  son,  was  graduated  in 
1870  from  the  Northwestern  University, 
served  as  a  clerk  in  the  State  Senate,  studied 
in  Chicago  Medical  College,  and  finally,  in 
1873,  was  graduated  from  the  Hahnemann 
Medical  College  and  Hospital  of  Philadel- 
phia. After  some  months  spent  in  foreign 
study,  he  entered  upon  his  duties  in  Dr. 
Mann's  office.  He  is  a  trustee  of  his 
father's  church,  and  a  member  of  the  Uni- 
versitv  Board  of  Trustees.  He  has  devotetl 
his  attention  to  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion. He  is  a  member  of  the  State  and 
National  Homoeopathic  Medical  Societies. 
His  chief  public  service  in  the  community 
was  the  establishment  of  the  Evanston  Hos- 
pital, of  which  he  is  now  one  of  the  staff 
of  physicians.  Seeing  the  need  for  such  an 
institution,  he  urged  it  upon  one  of  his 
patrons,  Mrs.  Rebecca  Butler,  and  his  old 
neighbor,  Mrs.  Marie  Huse  Wilder — now 
Mrs.  Daniel  Kidder — and  those  ladies 
undertook  its  organization.  Beginning  in  a 
small  way.  it  has  steadily  grown  until  now 
it  is  one  of  the  most  modern,  well  equipped 
and  best  managed  hospitals  in  America. 

Dr.  Anson  L.  Marcy. — After  Dr.  Brag- 
don  left  the  office  of  Dr.  Mann,  Anson  L. 
Marcy  took  his  place.  Dr.  IMarcy  was  a 
nephew  of  Prof.  Oliver  Marcy,  of  the  Uni- 
versity, and  a  classmate  of  Dr.  Bragdon  in 
the  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Phil- 
adelphia, where  he  received  his  Doctor's 
degree  in  1873.  He  came  here  originally 
as  a  student  in  the  Academy  and  University, 
though  he  did  not  graduate.  In  his  student 
days  he  was  an  expert  taxidermist,  and 
there  are  still  many  evidences  of  his  skill  to 
be  found  in  the  University  Aluseum.  After 
graduating  in  medicine  he  settled  in  Dakota, 
but  having  made  a  matrimonial  alliance  with 
the  daughter  of  'Squire  Curry,  he  was 
drawn  back  to  this  village.  He  is  now  prac- 
ticing in  Richmond,  \'a. 


Dr.  Clapp. — Eben  I'ratt  Clapp,  the  son 
of  one  of  the  oldest  homoeopathic  practi- 
tioners in  the  State.  Dr.  Ela  H.  Clapp,  was 
born  at  Rome,  111..  March  xo,  1859.  The 
family  came  to  Evanston  to  educate  the 
son,  and  he  was  graduated  from  the  North- 
western University  in  1881.  He  was  grad- 
uated from  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College 
of  Chicago  in  1882,  and  after  studying  in 
Europe,  settled  in  Evanston,  where  he  has 
since  practiced.  For  six  years  he  served 
as  an  efficient  Commissioner  of  Health  for 
the  City  of  Evanston.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  stafif  of  physicians  at  the  Evanston  Hos- 
pital. He  has  now  retired  from  active 
practice  and  spends  his  winters  in  Cali- 
fornia. 

Dr.  Ela  H.  Clapp  was  the  second  hom- 
oepathic  physician  to  settle  in  Illinois. 
He  first  studied  in  Cincinnati  and  began 
practice  in  Ohio,  and  later,  after  practicing 
for  some  years,  he  went  to  Cleveland  for 
special  study.  After  leaving  Ohio  he  set- 
tled in  Central  Illinois.  Having  retired 
from  active  work  he  came  to  Evanston 
in  1874.  His  home  overlooked  the  lake, 
and  stood  at  the  northwest  corner  of  Church 
Street  and  Judson  Avenue.  Though  not 
engaged  in  practice  in  Evanston,  his  posi- 
tion among  the  profession  of  the  State  en- 
titles him  to  recognition  here.  He  died 
April  12,  1888,  of  paralysis. 

Later  Homoeopathic  Physicians. — Har- 
rv  Parsons  was  the  son  of  an  Evanston  mer- 
chant. The  family  lived  in  the  northern 
part  of  the  village.  Harry  was  graduated 
from  Hahnemann  ^Medical  College  of  Chi- 
cago in  1880.  He  practiced  in  Evanston 
after  graduation,  but  later  moved  to  Ravens- 
wood,  where  he  is  now  enjoying  an  active 
practice. 

Prof.  William  J.  Hawkes,  a  native  of 
Pensylvania.  came  here  in  the  'eighties, 
but  returned  to  Chicago,  and  later  removed 
to  Southern  California.  He  was  graduated 
from   the   Hahnemann   Medical   College  of 


258 


MEDICAL  HISTORY 


Philadelphia,  in  1867.  During  his  residence 
here.  Dr.  Hawkes  continued  to  occupy  the 
chair  of  Materia  Medica  in  Chicago  Hah- 
nemann College.  He  was  a  man  of  good 
address,  genial,  well  posted  in  his  profes- 
sion, and  successful  in  pi-actice ;  yet  for 
some  reason  he  never  took  root  in  our  soil. 

Dr.  Allen  Benjamin  Clayton  came  to 
Evanston  in  1885.  and  was  the  only  one  of 
our  homcEopathic  practitioners  to  die  while 
practicing  here.  He  was  born  January  26, 
1849,  at  Aylmer,  Ontario.  His  preliminary 
education  was  obtained  in  the  schools  of 
Aylmer  and  Saint  Thomas.  He  received 
his  medical  training  in  the  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons  at  Toronto,  and  in 
the  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Chi- 
cago, '^eing  graduated  from  the  latter 
school  in  iSCn).  He  settled  first  in  Chatham, 
Ontario,  moving  thence  to  ^Marinette,  Wis. 
He  came  to  Evanston  in  1885.  He  was  a 
gentleman  of  fine  literary  tastes,  affable  in 
manner,  and  at  one  time  he  had  a  lucrative 
practice.  His  father  had  wished  him  to 
enter  the  legal  profession,  but  this  was  not 
to  his  liking.  He  died  in  Chicago,  of  rectal 
cancer.  September  15,  lyoo. 

Eugene  E.  Shutterly  was  born  at  Can- 
nonsburg.  Pa..  January  2,  1862.  He  came 
to  Evanston  in  1877.  He  studied  in  the 
Academy,  graduating  in  1886.  He  then 
entered  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of 
Chicago,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in 
1888.  He  immediately  began  practice  in 
Evanston.  He  has  also  served  the  citv  as 
its  Commissioner  of  Health,  conducting  the 
office  with  satisfaction  to  all  concerned. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  staff  of  physicians 
at  the  Evanston  Hospital. 

Mary  F.  McCrillis  was  the  first  woman 
homoeopathic  physician  to  settle  among  us. 
She  was  born  in  New  Hampshire  in  1856, 
of  New  England  parentage.  She  was  grad- 
uated from  the  Boston  University  School 
of  Medicine  in  1882.    She  came  to  Evanston 


in  1888.  and  has  since  that  time  been 
engaged  here  in  general  practice.  She  is 
a  member  of  the  staiif  of  Physicians  at  the 
Evanston  Hospital.  Quiet  and  unobtrusive 
in  manner,  and  well  versed  in  her  profes- 
sion, she  has  proved  a  worthy  member  of 
the    fraternity. 

F"rances  B.  ^^'ilki^s,  a  graduate  of  the 
Hahnemann  ^Medical  College  of  Chicago 
in  1876,  has  several  times  resided  in  Evan- 
ston. Her  husband,  John  M.  Wilkins,  re- 
ceived his  M.  D.  degree  from  the  Chicago 
National   Medical  College  in   1896. 

Alice  B.  Stockham.  born  in  Ohio  in  1835, 
and  graduated  from  the  Chicago  Homceo- 
pathic  Medical  College  in  1882,  came  to 
Evanston  about  1894.  Here  she  did  not 
enter  general  practice,  but  devoted  herself 
to  literary  and  commercial  pursuits.  She 
was  the  author  of  several  books  and  pamph- 
lets, the  best  known  of  which  are  "Tokol- 
ogy" and  "The  Koradine  Letters." 

Charles  Gordon  Fuller,  born  at  James- 
town. N.  Y.,  April  9,  1856,  has  resided  in 
Evanston  over  fifteen  years.  Having  re- 
ceived his  early  education  in  the  schools  of 
Jamestown  and  at  Columbia  College,  he 
entered  the  Chicago  Homccopathic  Medical 
College,  graduating  in  1880.  Later  he  took 
special  studies  at  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons.  New  York,  at  the  New  York 
Ophthalmic  College  and  Hospital  and  the 
New  York  Ophthalmic  and  Aural  Institute. 
He  is  ex-Major  and  Surgeon  of  the  First 
Regiment  Infantry  of  the  Illinois  National 
Guard,  ( )phthalmic  and  .\ural  Surgeon  to 
several  Cliicago  Hospitals  and  a  member 
of  the  consulting  staff  of  the  Evanston  Hos- 
j^ital.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  .American 
Institute  of  Homoeopathy,  the  American 
Homoeopathic  Ophthalmological,  Otological 
and  Laryngological  Society,  e.x-.\ssistant 
Surgeon  to  New  York  Ophthalmic  Hospital, 
Fellow  of  the  Royal  ]\Iicroscopical  Society, 
England,  member  of  the  A.  A.  A.  S.  Asso- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


259 


ciation,  Alilitary  Surgeons  of  the  United 
States,  and  the  American  Microscopical  So- 
ciety. Dr.  Fuller's  office  is  in  Chicajjo, 
where  he  has  confined  his  attention  to  dis- 
eases of  the  eye  and  ear. 

Burton  Haseltine  graduated  from  the 
Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Chicago  in 
1896.  and,  after  being  associated  with  Dr. 
Shears  of  Chicago  for  two  years,  came  to 
Evanston,  limiting  his  practice  to  diseases 
of  the  eye,  ear,  nose  and  throat.  He  is  the 
author  of  numerous  monographs.  Secretary 
of  the  State  Homoeopathic  IMedical  Asso- 
ciation, member  of  the  National  and  Chi- 
cago Homoeopathic  Societies,  Senior  Pro- 
fessor of  Nose  and  Throat  in  his  alma 
mater,  and  attending  Eye  and  Ear  Surgeon 
to  Cook  County  Hospital  and  Home  of  the 
Friendless.  He  has  now  removed  to  Chi- 
cago. 

Samuel  M.  Moore,  a  native  of  Kentucky, 
and  a  graduate  from  the  Chicago  Homoeo- 
pathic Medical  College  in  1895,  and  also 
serving  as  interne  at  Cook  County  Hospital, 
came  to  Evanston  in  1897.  For  several 
years  he  enjoyed  a  prosperous  hospital  prac- 
tice. He  was  a  member  of  the  staff  of 
Physicians  at  the  Evanston  Hospital,  but  he 
.retired  in  1904  to  engage  in  mercantile  pur- 
suits. He  has  now  resumed  his  practice 
in  Sheridan  Park.  111. 

Guernsey  P.  Waring  was  graduated  from 
Dunham  Medical  College  in  1897,  and  is 
a  Professor  of  Materia  Medica  in  the  Hah- 
nemann Pkledical  College  of  Chicago.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  State  and  National  Medical 
Societies. 

Dr.  James  T.  Kent,  who  received  his  de- 
grees from  the  Eclectic  School  in  Cincinnati 
in  1871.  and  the  Homoeopathic  College  of 
St.  Louis  in  1884.  is  now  Professor  of 
Materia  Medica  at  Hahnemann  Medical 
College  of  Chicago,  a  member  of  the  State 
and  National  Homoeopathic  Medical  Soci- 
eties, and  the  author  of  "Kent's  Repertor}-," 


"Kent's  ^Materia  ^Medica,''  and  "Kent's  Phil- 
osophy." 

Edwin  H.  Pratt  was  graduated  from 
Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Chicago  in 
1877.  He  is  the  author  of  a  work  on  Ori- 
ficial  Surgery,  is  known  as  a  successful 
operator  and  has  for  many  years  been  one 
of  the  leading  homoeopathic  surgeons.  He 
has  resided  in  Evanston  since  1900. 

Abbie  J-  Hinkle  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
in  1853.  There  she  received  her  preliminary 
education.  After  several  years  spent  in 
teaching  in  the  public  schools,  she  turned 
her  attention  to  medicine,  being  graduated 
from  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College  of 
Chicago  in  1887.  She  first  settled  in  Chica- 
go. In  January,  1895,  she  located  in  Evan- 
ston. During  her  student  days  she  was  an 
officer  in  the  college  clinical  society,  and 
more  recently  she  has  been  a  Vice-Presi- 
dent of  the  Illinois  Homoeopathic  Medical 
Association. 

Thomas  H.  Winslow,  a  native  of  Nor- 
way, was  graduated  from  the  Herring  Col- 
lege in  Chicago  in  1896.  Since  graduation 
he  has  practiced  in  Evanston.  Having 
taken  special  work  in  the  branches  per- 
taining to  diseases  of  the  nose,  throat,  ear 
and  eye,  in  February,  1904,  he  moved  to 
Oakland,  Cal.,  to  practice  that  specialty. 

Ransom  M.  Barrows,  born  in  Michigan 
in  1849,  i*  ^  brother  of  the  late  Rev.  Dr. 
John  H.  Barrows,  previous  to  his  death 
President  of  Oberlin  College,  Ohio.  Dr. 
Barrows  received  his  education  in  his  na- 
tive State,  being  graduated  from  the  Michi- 
gan University  Medical  School  in  1877.  In 
1884  he  took  a  degree  from  the  Hahne- 
mann Medical  College  of  Chicago.  After 
several  years  spent  in  Chicago  he  located 
in  Evanston  in  1901.  He  moved  to  Wil- 
mette  two  years  later. 

George  F.  M.  Tyson  was  born  in  Chica- 
go, October  30,  1872.     He  has  practiced  in 


26o 


MEDICAL  HISTORY 


Evanston  since  his  graduation  from  the 
Chicago  National  IMedical  College  in  1898. 

Frank  H.  Edwards  grew  up  in  Evanston. 
He  was  born  in  Irving  Park,  Cook  County, 
November  16,  1871.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  Evanston  High  School,  and  be- 
gan his  professional  studies  under  the  di- 
rection of  Dr.  Clayton.  In  1895  he  was 
graduated  from  the  Chicago  Homoeopathic 
Medical  College,  and  began  his  career  at 
Rockford,  111.  After  three  years  he  re- 
turned to  Evanston.  In  1902  he  received  a 
diploma  from  Rush  Medical  College.  He 
then  spent  some  time  studying  in  Vienna, 
and  later  with  his  uncle.  Dr.  Ira  Harris,  in 
Tripoli,  Syria.  He  is  the  author  of  several 
monographs.  He  has  joined  the  Christian 
Scientists. 

G.  F.  Barry  was  born  in  Chicago,  Janu- 
ary 12,  1875.  He  was  graduated  from  the 
Chicago  Manual  Training  School  in  1894, 
and  from  the  Hahnemann  ^ledical  College 
and  Hospital  of  Philadelphia  in  1902.  He 
immediately  settled  in  Evanston.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Illinois  Homoeopathic  Medi- 
cal Association  and  a  graduate  of  the  Chi- 
cago Lying-in  Hospital.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  staff  of  Evanston  Hospital. 

Dwight  M.  Clark,  who  took  the  practice 
of  Dr.  Moore,  was  born  at  Yellow  Springs, 
Ohio,  March  29,  1878.     He  studied  at  the 


Michigan  University,  was  graduated  from 
Chicago  Homoeopathic  Medical  College,  in 
1 90 1,  served  as  an  interne  at  Cook  County 
Hospital,  received  a  diploma  from  Rush 
Medical  in  1903,  and  came  to  Evanston  in 
January,  1904.  He  is  a  member  of  staff 
of  Evanston  Hospital. 

From  the  foregoing  it  may  be  seen  that 
the  homoeopathic  practitioners  of  the  city 
have  not  been  entirely  occupied  with  pri- 
vate affairs.  To  members  of  this  profes- 
sion is  largely  due  the  praise  for  the  pres- 
ent existence  of  two  of  our  public  build- 
ings,— the  City  Hall,  and  the  Hospital. 
Two  of  these  doctors  have  served  the  city 
well  as  Commissioners  of  Health.  Aside 
from  these,  others  have  done  much  toward 
the  development  of  the  city  in  a  more 
quiet  way,  by  the  improvement  of  vacant 
property,  erecting  thereon  residences  and 
business  blocks.  Three  for  years  showed 
an  interest  in  the  Cniversity  by  maintain- 
ing therein  prizes  for  oratory,  declama- 
tion, and  scholarship.  One  is  a  director  in 
one  of  our  banks,  and  one  is  a  Trustee  in 
the  University.  But  beyond  all  that  has 
been  said,  in  the  quiet  every  day  work  of 
relief  of  distress  and  suffering  the  disci- 
ples of  Hahnemann  have  done  their  full 
share. 


CHAPTER  XXIX. 


EVANSTON  HOSPITAL 

(By  WILLIAM  HUDSON  HARPER) 


The  Evanston  Benevolent  Society — First 
Steps  ill  Founding  a  Hospital — Organ- 
iaation  is  Effected  in  i8qi — First  Board 
of  officers — Medical  Staff — Fund  and 
Building  Campaign — Enlargement  of  the 
Institution  Projected  —  Munificent  Gift 
of  Mrs.  Cable  —  Other  Donations  — 
The  Endowment  Reaches  $^o.ooo — Hos- 
pital of  the  Present  and  the  Future — /;;- 
ternal  Arrangement  and  Official  Admin- 
istration —  List  of  Principal  Donors  -  — 
Present  Officers. 

When  the  exigencies  of  life  in  the  grov- 
ing  X'illage  of  Evanston  had  made  the  care 
of  its  dependent  and  other  sick  more  and 
more  inadequate ;  when  lives  had  been  lost 
in  the  transportation  of  the  afflicted  to 
Chicago,  and  in  insufficient  ministration  to 
those  sought  to  be  cured  within  the  village. 
a  movement  arose  in  Evanston  to  brnig  on 
a  better  day.  This  movement  was  not 
based  upon  an  abstract  philanthropy.  It 
was  the  offspring  of  the  Evanston  Benevo- 
lent Society,  whose  charitable  service  had, 
for  several  years,  met  an  appealing  emer- 
gency. 

The  Beginning. — The  seed  of  the  Ev- 
anston Hospital  was  planted  at  a  meeting 
of- citizens  at  the  Avenue  House,  November 
17,  1891.  Strictly  speaking,  it  was  a  meet- 
ing of  the  Evanston  Benevolent  Associa- 
tion, called  to  consider  the  report,  on  the  es- 


tablishment of  a  hospital  in  Evanston,  of 
a  special  committee  consisting  of  J  .  J- 
Parkhurst,  Dr.  D.  R.  Dyche,  Mrs.  Maria 
Huse  \\'ilder  and  Mrs.  Rebecca  X.  But- 
ler. There  were  present  William  Blanch- 
ard.  Dr.  D.  R.  Dyche,  H.  B.  Hurd.  J.  J. 
Parkhurst,  J.  M.  Larimer.  \\'.  A.  Hamil- 
ton, Frank  M.  Elliot,  \V.  E.  Stockton, 
Mrs.  Jane  Bishop,  Henry  A.  Pearsons, 
Mrs.  J.  M.  Larimer,  Mrs.  Davis.  Mrs. 
Frank  M.  Elliott,  Mrs.  Butler.  Mrs.  Wild- 
er. Mrs.  Pearsons  and  Mrs.  Bishop.  It  was 
agreed  that  Evanston  should  have  an  emer- 
gency hospital,  and  there  were  appointed  as 
a  committee  on  incorporation  Mr.  Hamil- 
ton, Mr.  Larimer.  Dr.  D.  R.  Dyche,  Mrs. 
Butler,  and  Mrs.  Wilder.  The  meeting  au- 
thorized overtures  contemplating  assistance 
by  the  \'illage  Trustees  and  Board  of 
Health :  and  from  Mr.  Parkhurst,  on  behalf 
of  the  executive  committee  of  Northwest- 
ern University,  assurance  was  received  of 
the  possibility  that  the  University  would 
lend   financial   help  to  the  enterprise. 

Organization  —  First  Officers.  —  One 
week  after,  in  the  same  place,  a  meeting  of 
citizens  affirmed  the  decision  of  the  pre- 
vious meeting  that  "an  emergency  hospital 
is  a  necessity  for  the  village  of  Evanston." 
Incorporation  followed  December  2,  and 
on  December  4,  1891,  there  was  organized 
tlie  Evanston  Emergency  Hospital.  The 
first  administration  of  the  institution,  now 


261 


262 


EVANSTON  HOSPITAL 


in  its  successor  almost  unique  in  its  per- 
fections, was  entrusted  to  the  following 
citizens : 

President — John  R.  Lindgren; 

Vice-President — Julia  M.  Watson; 

Secretary — Marie  Huse  Wilder; 

Treasurer — Frank  E.  Lord  ; 

Executive  Committee — Win.  Blanchard, 
J.  M.  Larimer,  John  H.  Kedzie,  F.  Stuy- 
vesant  Peabody,  Frank  M.  Elliot,  Maria 
A.  Holabird,  Rebecca  N.  Butler,  Marie 
Huse  Wilder,  and  Catherine  L  Pearsons. 

The  hospital  organization  began  its  ex- 
istence with  sixty-three  directors — public- 
spirited  and  influential,  and  with  a  truly 
liberal  conception  of  the  mission  of  the  in- 
stitution contemplated.  The  directors, 
soon  afterwards  reduced  to  thirty,  were 
elected  for  service  in  three  classes,  sever- 
ally for  one,  two,  and,  three  years.  The 
site  chosen  for  the  hospital,  after  resources 
and  proposed  service  had  been  considered, 
was  on  No.  806  Emerson  Street.  Here 
was  bought  for  $2,800  a  lot,  45  by  170  feet, 
bearing  an  eight-room  cottage  which  was 
duly  made  suitable  for  hospital  purposes 
at  a  cost  of  about  $1,500.  It  was  not  an 
imposing  structure,  but  well  enough  adapt- 
ed to  the  needs  of  the  time,  and  it  was  a 
verv  healthy  acorn.  Then  fifty  feet  of  ad- 
joining property,  costing  $1,650,  was 
bought,  and  thus-wise  Evanston  seemed 
safeguarded  for  many  years.  To  make 
this  unpretentious  start  in  the  founding  of 
an  institution  indispensable  to  Evanston, 
many  active  people  had  done  much  efficient 
work  when,  at  the  first  annual  meeting,  No- 
vember I.  1892,  the  hospital  was  reported 
in  possession  of  funds  amounting  to  $7,- 
J02 — a  total  composed  of  subscriptions, 
dues  from  annual  and  life  members,  a  dona- 
tion of  more  than  $3,000  from  the  proceeds 
■of  a  summer  kirmess  conducted  by  the  Wo- 
man's Club  and  others,  and  by  a  donation  of 
$320    from    the    Apollo    Club    of    Chicago. 


which   had   sung   the   "[Messiah"   in  public 
concert  in  Evanston. 

First  Medical  Staff. — The  hospital  was 
opened  for  service,  March  27,  1893,  w-ith 
Miss  Emilv  E.  Robinson,  matron,  and  the 
following  physicians  as  a  medical  staff: 
Isaac  Poole,  M.  D. ;  E.  H.  Webster,  M.  D. ; 
W.  A.  Phillips,  M.  D. ;  Sarah  H.  Brayton, 
M.  D.;  H.  B.  Hemenway,  M.  D.;  A.  B. 
Clayton,  M.  D. :  M.  C.  Bragdon,  M.  D. ;  O. 
H.  '  Mann,  M.  D. ;  E.  P.  Clapp,  M.  D. ; 
Mary  F.  McCrillis,  M.  D. ;  I.  V.  Stevens. 
M.  b.;  and  S.  F.  Verbeck,  M.  D.  The 
hospital  recognized  all  accepted  schools  of 
medicine  and  opened  its  doors  to  patients 
both  paid  and  free.  Month  by  month  the 
management  perfected  equipment  and  sys- 
tem, the  rate  of  charge  for  service  in  the 
wards  being  from  $5.00  to  $10.00.  and  for 
a  private  room  from  $15.00  to  $25.00  a 
week.  Directing  an  institution  for  public 
service,  the  hospital  management  in  these 
early  years  looked  with  justifiable  hopes 
toward  the  city  authorities  for  assistance. 
By  no  means  was  it  promptly  vouchsafed : 
and  when  the  executive  committee  was  in- 
formed at  its  meeting  in  June,  1893,  ^^^^.t 
it  was  impossible  to  get  an  appropriation 
from  the  Evanston  Common  Council,  it  was 
felt  by  more  than  one  public-spirited  mem- 
ber that  the  service  of  the  new  institution 
to  the  common  weal  was  receiving  but  scant 
recognition.  None  too  robust  a  child  was 
the  Emergency  Hospital  at  this  period. 
Funds  were  not  too  plenty,  and  citizens  at 
large  were  not  yet  so  trained  in  systematic 
benevolence  as  to  make  excessive  provision 
for  this  municipal  necessity.  So,  along 
w-ith  the  manifold  activities  of  committees 
and  directors  to  keep  and  improve  Evans- 
ton's  first  refuge  for  the  afflicted,  there 
arose  discussion  about  the  inauguration  of 
the  practice  of  Hospital  Sunday.  This  hap- 
py and  profitable  way  of  contributing  to 
hospital  support  in  time  took  hold,  and  is 


> 
z 

c 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


263 


to-day,  in  Evanston,  as  in  other  cities,  a  re- 
liable vehicle  for  large  public  benevolences. 

Official  Board. — At  the  first  annual 
meeting  of  the  hospital  corporation,  Ao- 
vember  14,  1893,  the  following  officers 
were  elected : 

President — Arthur  Crr; 

Vice-President— Airs.  Rebecca  X.  But- 
ler; 

Secretary — Alarie  Huse   \\'ilder; 

Treasurer — E.   B.  Quinlan. 

Mr.  Orr  subsequently .  resigning,  Hon. 
J.  H.  Kedzie  was  elected  in  his  stead.  Not 
long  after.  Mrs.  Wilder  resigning.  Miss 
Mary  Harris,  February  5,  1894,  was  elect- 
ed to  the  secretaryship,  and  began  a  period 
of  service  long,  meritorious,  and  of  a  char- 
acter that  goes  not  a  little  unrewarded. 

Raising     Funds. — In      1894,     reaching 
about   for  popular  ways  and  means  to  let 
the  public  know  that  a  hospital  in  Evanston 
was  up  and  doing,  and  that  it  would  wel- 
come all   possible  support,  the  institution's 
friends  conducted    a    so-called    "magazine 
entertainment"    in    Bailey's    Opera    House. 
The    entertainment    proved    a    novel    and 
sprightly     potpourri    of    "stunts"  by    home 
talent,  and  brought  into  the  hospital  treas- 
ury $319.     But  the  little  hospital  was  truly 
an   emergency   institution,   itself   not   infre- 
quently its  own   chief  emergencv ;   and   so 
to  meet  its  needs,  its  industrious  sponsors 
fell  upon  a  venture  of  considerable  magni- 
tude and  genuinely  artistic  attributes.     This 
was   an  open-air    performance    of    Gilbert 
and  Sullivan's  charming  opera,  the  "Mika- 
do."    A   stage   was  erected  on  the  vacant 
lot  at  the  northwest  corner  of  Davis  Street 
and  Judson  Avenue,  and  with  clever  prin- 
cipals, and  equally  clever  auxiliaries   from 
the  young  people  of  the  village,  the  opera 
was  sung  on   four  successive  evenings,   in 
July,  1894,  and  before  large  and  delighted 
audiences.     The  net  proceeds  of  this  very 
praiseworthy    entertainment    amounted    to 
$2,000.     Among  the  efficient   managers  of 


this  enterprise  were  W.  J.  Fabian,  Mrs. 
William  Holabird,  W.  L.  Wells,  John  M. 
Ewen.  Mrs.  F.  A.  Hardy,  and  Frank  M. 
Elliot. 

The  Evanston  Emergency  Hospital  was 
now  a  fact.  It  was  at  work.  The  public 
knew  it  was  at  work,  and  had  gratefully 
profited  by  its  ministrations.  But  it  was  not 
big  enough,  complete  enough,  modern 
enough— in  short,  it  was  inadequate.  It 
smiply  would  not  do.  So  it  was  quite  in 
order  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  associa- 
tion, November  6,  1894.  that  the  following, 
presented  by  Henry  A.  Pearsons  should 
have  been,  as  it  was,  unanimously  adopted: 
"Resolved,  that  it  is  the  sense  of  this  meet- 
ing that  the  board  of  directors  be  request- 
ed to  appoint  a  committee  to  consider  the 
question  of  procuring  a  more  suitable  site, 
and  commencing  the  erection  of  a  more 
suitable  building  for  use  of  the  hospital." 

Plans  for  Extension.— The  committee 
authorized  to  take  up  this  proposition  was 
Frank  M.  Elliot,  William  Blanchard,  Dr. 
Sarah  H.  Brayton,  and  Henry  A.  Pearsons, 
this  committee  working  under  the  adminis- 
tration of  the  following  new  board  of  of- 
ficers : 

President — Hon.  J.   H.  Kedzie  ; 

A'ice-President— Mrs.  William  Holabird; 

Secretary— .Miss   Mary  Harris; 

Treasurer— E.  B.  Quinlan. 

The  Committee  on  Building  and 
Grounds  was  shortly  re-enforced  by  one 
consisting  of  Wm.  H.  Bartlett,  Dr.  Charles 
G.  Fuller,  and  Dr.  Sarah  H.  Brayton,  who, 
with  broad  outlook  and  knowledge  of  the 
relation  of  a  hospital  to  the  many-sided 
needs  of  a  growing  community,  set  out  to 
determine  the  scope  and  functions  of  the 
proposed  institution.  On  February  11, 
1895,  the  corporation,  desiring  to  disasso- 
ciate from  its  name  and  work  anything 
suggestive  of  an  impromptu,  transient,  or 
tentative  character,    formally    changed    its 


264 


EVANSTON  HOSPITAL 


name  from  Evanston  Emergency  Hospital 
to  Evanston  Hospital  Association.  Having 
enlarged  its  name,  it  was  appropriate  that 
the  new  association  should  enlarge  its 
place  of  work,  and  so,  on  April  13,  1895, 
at  a  meeting  of  the  Directors  to  consider 
the  report  of  the  committee  on  a  proposed 
new  building  site,  it  was  unanimously 
ordered  that  negotiations  be  opened  for  the 
purchase  of  a  lot  on  Ridge  Avenue,  in  the 
University  sub-division,  280  feet  on  Ridge 
Avenue,  and  extending  600  feet  to  Girard 
Avenue,  for  $12,000.  the  terms  being 
$6,500  and  the  transfer  of  the  existing  hos- 
pital property  at  a  valuation  of  $5,500.  A 
committee  to  raise  the  necessary  money  was 
appointed,  consisting  of  Frank  M.  Elliot. 
John  R.  Lindgren.  and  E.  H.  Buehler.  At 
a  meeting  on  May  2d.  purchase  of  the  lot 
in  question  was  authorized  for  the  above 
price,  a  mortgage  of  $3,500  being  ordered 
assumed,  and  a  two  years'  lease  of  the 
Emerson  Street  property  made.  The  build- 
ing site  was  deemed  an  exceptionally  de- 
sirable acquisition,  and  its  subsequent  im- 
provement has  been  worthy  its  natural  ad- 
vantages. A  month  later  plans  for  a  hos- 
pital building  were  laid  before  the  executive 
committee  by  George  L.  Harvey,  architect. 
A  Fund  and  Building  Campaign. — A 
building  site  and  building  plans  meant  large 
prospective  drafts  upon  a  none  too  plethoric 
treasury,  and  the  association  again  tried 
the  magic  of  an  open-air  opera  as  a  benefit 
performance.  Again,  under  professional 
guidance,  social  Evanston  threw  itself  at 
the  jolly  task,  and  through  the  agency  of 
the  opera  of  "Powhattan,"  contributed 
$1,800  to  the  hospital's  funds.  Again  Mr. 
Fabian  and  assistants  received  official 
thanks  for  their  happy  management  of  the 
agreeable  enterprise.  At  a  meeting  of  the 
Hospital  Directors.  July  8.  1895.  it  was  re- 
solved to  raise  $25,000  for  the  proposed 
administration     building,     in     addition     to 


funds  for  purchase  of  site.  The  new  asso-' 
ciation  year  1895-1896  was  inaugurated 
November  8th  by  the  election  of  the  fol- 
lowing officers : 

President — Frank   M.   Elliot ; 

\'ice-President — Julia   M.   Watson  ; 

Secretary — Miss  Mary  Harris  ; 

Treasurer — E.   B.  Ouinlan. 

The  new  administration  entered  the  cam- 
paign for  hospital  funds  by  making  its 
entire  Board  of  Directors  a  subscription 
committee.  At  a  meeting  of  the  directors. 
March  30,  1896.  the  services  of  Mr.  Harvey, 
as  an  expert  in  hospital  construction,  were 
accepted,  and  the  subscriptions  to  date  were 
found  to  be  $12,780;  the  cost  of  the  pro- 
posed first  or  administration  building  was 
estimated  at  $22,000,  and  it  was  determined 
that,  to  open  the  new  place  free  of  debt, 
there  would  be  needed  $26,750.  This  was 
too  expensive  and  the  administration  build- 
ing was  reduced  in  size  to  bring  the  cost 
within  the  limits  of  the  fund  that  could  then 
be  realized. 

The  hospital  year  of  1896- 1897.  begin- 
ning with  the  election  of  officers  November 
10,  1896,  was  marked  with  but  one  change 
among  the  executive  officers,  Mr.  Quinlan 
\ielding  to  William  G.  Hoag  as  Treasurer. 
A  rushing  stream  was  to  be  crossed  before 
the  hospital  should  appear,  and  horses 
would  better  not  be  swapped.  So  Mr. 
Elliot  continued  President.  At  this  stage 
in  the  financing  of  the  new  hospital  project, 
an  unusual  opening  developed  to  make  an 
honest  pcnn}-.  Mr.  Uriah  Lott,  an  Evan- 
ston citizen,  wishing  to  dispose  of  his  house- 
hold efifects — and  they  were  of  more  than 
ordinary  elegance — ofifered  to  the  hospital 
association  a  liberal  percentage  of  the  gross 
receipts  of  a  public  sale,  should  the  asso- 
ciation lend  the  sale  its  direction  and  pat- 
ronage. The  ofl^er  was  accepted,  and 
through  the  activity  of  Mr.  Elliot.  I\Iiss 
Harris,   and    Mrs.    Charles    T-   Connell.   the 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


265 


hospital  fund  was  increased  $1,364.  This, 
recruited  by  a  contribution  of  $136  from 
the  surplus  of  a  citizens'  Fourth  of  July 
fund,  was  welcome  money  in  a  year  when 
much  energy  and  organization  were  needed 
to  raise  the  building  funds  to  achieve  the 
level  of  the  plans  proposed,  and  when  in- 
deed curtailment  and  modification  were 
finally  pursued.  But  energy  and  organ- 
ization on  the  part  of  the  association,  and 
co-operation  on  the  part  of  Evanstonians 
at  large,  determined  this,  the  summer  of 
1897,  to  be  the  hospital's  building  summer 
the  committee  in  charge  being  Frank  M, 
Elliot,  William  H,  Bartlett,  Dr,  Sarah  H. 
Brayton,  Howard  Gray,  and  William  B. 
Phillips,  When  October  came,  contracts 
for  over  $15,000  of  an  authorized  expendi- 
ture of  $16,000  had  been  let,  an  incum- 
brance of  $3,500  had  been  paid,  and  the 
new  and  perfect  hospital  was  a  no  distant 
fact.  And,  to  rush  the  building  fund,  there 
came  out  of  the  hurly-burly  of  a  football 
game  in  November,  a  sturdy  little  check  for 
$210.  The  association,  at  the  annual  meet- 
ing, November  2,  1897,  continued  its  re- 
tiring officers,  and  fi.xed  the  endowment  of  a 
bed  in  terms  of  an  annual  donation  of  $300 
or  a  single  donation  of  $5,000.  Suljse- 
quently  there  was  determined  an  important 
matter  in  executive  policy,  in  a  resolution 
that  adjoining  towns  should  not  be  allowed 
to  endow  beds  in  the  new  institution. 

The  new  hospital  building  ( the  adminis- 
tration building)  was  opened  for  the  recep- 
tion of  patients  February  8,  1898.  The  as- 
sociation had  a  credit  balance  in  bank  of 
$2,707 ;  and  through  its  executive  commit- 
tee it  unanimously  thanked  Dr.  Sarah  H. 
Brayton  for  efficient  work  in  procuring  the 
proper  furnishing  of  the  building  without 
cost  to  the  association. 

New  Enlargements  Projected. — The 
annual  meeting  of  the  Evanston  Hospital 
Association,     assembling     at     the     Avenue 


House,  November  I,  1898,  was  a  meeting 
of  congratulation  and  a  declaration  of  prog- 
ress in  a  branch  of  public  service  that  was 
doing  honor  to  its  workers  and  to  all  sym- 
pathetic citizens  who  had  lent  aid  and  com- 
fort. The  main  building  of  the  hospital, 
capable  of  sheltering  as  many  as  eighteen 
patients,  was  now  a  monumental  fact.  As 
complete  as  it  was,  its  very  usefulness 
emphasized  its  inadequacy,  and  its  friends 
already  looked  forward  to  needed  e.xten- 
sions :  to  wards  for  contagious,  infectious 
and  obstetrical  cases,  and  to  minor  new  ac- 
commodations. Noteworthy  in  the  hos- 
pital's new  equipment  was  an  ambulance  for 
service,  a  gift  of  Mrs.  John  M.  Ewen,  as 
a  thank-offering  for  preservation  in  an  hour 
of  great  danger ;  and,  to  bind  it  closer  to 
the  public,  the  hospital  had  now  the  tem- 
porary endowment  of  four  free  beds — one 
being  supported  by  the  Ladies'  Aid  Society 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  two  by  North- 
western University,  and  one  by  Mrs.  Wat- 
son, Mce-President  of  the  association. 
Further  sustained  on  strong  shoulders,  the 
hospital  felt  itself  to  be,  by  the  gratuitous 
service,  two  months  each,  of  its  entire  med- 
ical stafif.  An  abstract  from  the  treasurer's 
report  for  one  year  made  at  this  annual 
meeting  will  suggest  the  financial  career 
of  the  hospital  at  this  period ;  a  period,  be 
it  remembered,  marked  between  1894  and 
1898  by  general  strenuous  efl^ort  in  re- 
covery from  national  panic  and  depres- 
sion. 

Subscriptions  for  building  fund  and  site: 
1895,  $250;  1896,  $4,615:  1897,  $11,040: 
1898,  $9^513. 

Amount  allowed  for  old  hospital.  $5,500. 

Expended  on  new  site,  $14,691. 

Expended  on  new  building,  $17,140. 

Receipts  from  entertainments,  $1,802. 

Receipts  from  memberships,   $500. 

Receipts  from  donations,   $115. 

Receipts  from  patients'  board,  $2,108. 


266 


EVANSTON  HOSPITAL 


Receipts  from  support  of  beds,  $575. 

Receipts  from  subscriptions  for  furnish- 
ing, $1,725. 

Expenses  for  maintenance,  $5,707. 

The  association  continued  for  1898-1899 
the  officers  of  the  previous  year.  Early  in 
1899  the  City  of  Evanston,  without  specified 
obligations  upon  the  hospital,  made  to  the 
institution  an  appropriation  of  $300.  At 
the  annual  meeting  of  the  association,  Xo- 
vember  7,  1899,  the  latter  prepared  for 
the  aid  and  prestige  which  future  donations 
might  prove  to  the  institution,  by  determin- 
ing the  privileges  which  should  pertain  to 
endowments  of  various  amounts,  and  fixing 
classification  for  the  same.  With  renewed 
persistency  now  appeared  the  need  of  a 
contagious  ward,  as  well  as  of  a  wing  to  the 
hospital,  and  both  interests  were  committed 
to  a  special  committee.  Another  year  the 
association  continued  its  efficient  executives 
in  office,  and  strengthened  its  medical  stafT 
by  the  addition  of  a  consulting  stafT  in 
the  persons  of  eminent  Chicago  specialists — 
Dr.  Christian  Fenger,  Dr.  John  Ridlon,  and 
Dr.  Charles  Adams.  But  the  year  1900 
brought  to  Evanston  and  its  hospital  a  real 
loss  in  the  death  of  Hugh  R.  Wilson.  When 
the  hospital  association  came  to  formally 
deplore  the  death  of  this  stanch  friend  and 
good  citizen,  it  did  so,  in  part,  in  the=e 
feeling  words :  "Resolved,  That,  in  the 
death  of  'Sir.  Wilson,  the  hospital 
loses  one  of  its  most  active  and 
interested  supporters.  In  his  readiness  to 
assist  the  suft'ering ;  in  his  broad-minded  and 
judicious  charity ;  in  his  kindliness  and 
gentleness  of  action,  !Mr.  Wilson  has.  at  all 
times  during  his  connection  with  the  asso- 
ciation, been  a  helpful  inspiration  to  those 
who  have  worked  with  him.  His  foresight 
and  good  judgment,  together  with  his  gen- 
erosity of  support,  have  served  to  advance 
our  work  in  every  practical  way." 

Munificent  Gifts  of  1900. — Institutions. 


like  men.  must  be  in  the  way  of  opportunity 
if  they  would  have  fortune  knock  at  their 
door.  A  rather  mysterious  notice  sum- 
moned to  a  special  meeting  the  directors  of 
the  Evanston  Hospital  Association,  March 
19,  1900.  When  met,  F.  F.  Peabody, 
Chairman  of  the  Finance  Committee,  threw 
his  associates  into  happy  consternation  by 
the  following  remarks : 

"Mrs.  Herman  D.  Cable  wishes  me  to 
say  that  she  will  give  $25,000  for  the  erec- 
tion of  a  needed  addition  to  the  hospital  to 
be  known  as  the  Herman  D.  Cable  Memorial 
Building,  and  that,  if  this  gift  is  accepted, 
she  will  give  an  additional  $25,000  to  endow 
a  children's  ward  in  the  new  building." 

We  may  be  sure  this  gift  was  accepted, 
and  that  the  thanks,  then  formally  voted 
Mrs.  Cable,  were  deep  and  sincere ;  and  it  is 
also  to  be  recorded  that  the  Directors  made 
it  their  duty  to  amplify  the  unexpected  op- 
portunity, to  enlarge  the  existing  building, 
and  to  raise,  on  their  own  part,  an  additional 
endowment  fund  of  at  least  $25,000. 

The  hospital  year  of  1900-1901,  inaugu- 
rated by  continuance  in  office  of  the  retiring 
executive  officers,  was  also  marked  by  resig- 
nation from  the  directorate  of  Hon.  J.  H. 
Kedzie,  long  identified  with  hospital  inter- 
ests, and  the  election  of  Mrs.  Alice  A. 
Cable,  whose  gift  of  a  memorial  building, 
with  alterations  in  the  main  building,  the 
Board  now  formally  voted  to  realize.  The 
year  1901  was  one  of  expansion  and  con- 
struction in  hospital  interests.  From  a 
"rummage  sale"  in  January  the  hospital 
received  $1,813.  In  April  Air.  Irwin  Rew, 
a  public-spirited  citizen  of  Evanston, 
offered — and  the  offer  was  accepted — to 
equip  the  hospital  with  a  heating  and 
laundry  plant  at  an  estimated  -cost  of 
$4,680.  In  October  there  was  borne  in 
upon  the  hospital  management,  both  by  the 
City  Board  of  Health  and  by  the  hospital 
staff,  the  need  of  an  extension  in  the  wav  of 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


267 


an  isolation  ward.  At  the  annual  meeting. 
November  5th,  the  retiring  officers  were 
re-elected,  and  the  very  important  additions 
to  the  institutions  represented  by  the  gifts 
of  Mr.  Rew  and  Mrs.  Cable  were  formally 
acknowledged — the  Cable  Memorial  Build- 
ing being  characterized  as  completely  fur- 
nished and  the  children's  ward  endowed  in 
memory  of  Anita   Mutchins  Cable. 

Endowment  Secured. — The  association 
began  its  hospital  year  of  1901-1902  with 
its  same  efficient  officers,  and  welcomed 
from  another  "rummage"  sale  a  donation 
amounting  to  $1,440.  In  February  the  en- 
dowment fund  had  reached  $46,000  of  the 
contemplated  $50,000 :  and  in  April  the 
coveted  goal  was  finally  attained.  As  the 
good  year  closed  divers  talented  amateur 
artists  of  Evanston  contributed  as  the  re- 
ceipts of  a  performance  of  the  "Rivals,"  at 
the  Country  Club,  more  than  $500  to  in- 
crease the  usefulness  of  this  popular  refuge 
of  rest  and  healing.  In  the  history  of 
amusements  in  Evanston  this  admirable 
presentation  of  the  sterling  old  comedy  will 
prove  of  long  life  in  local  reminiscence.  So 
well  in  hand  was  the  work  of  the  associa- 
tion now  coming,  that  the  reduction  of  the 
floating  debt  of  about  $11,000  became  an 
achievement  to  be  undertaken  until  accom- 
plished. Feeling  its  strength  in  the  substan- 
tial work  done,  and  in  the  officers  whom  it 
re-elected  for  the  year  1902- 1903,  the  asso- 
ciation was  also  brought  to  know  its  weak- 
ness when,  on  April  loth.  it  was  confronted 
with  the  death  of  Hon.  John  H.  Kedzie, 
and  on  May  20th  of  Mr.  Dorr  A.  Kimball. 
In  terms  of  sorrow  and  appreciation  Mr. 
Kedzie  was  formally  lamented  as  "a  friend 
who  has  met  every  emergency  of  the  asso- 
ciation's existence  with  generous  words  and 
generous  deeds" ;  and,  to  Mr.  Kimball's 
memory,  the  association  oflfered  no  mean 
tribute  when  it  declared  him  "an  upright 
business    man    and    honorable    citizen    of 


Evanston.  whose  pure  life  and  public  spirit 
made  him  an  example  for  all."  When  the 
association,  at  its  eleventh  annual  meetine. 
November  10,  1903,  elected  its  former 
officers,  and  checked  of?  a  reduction  of  near- 
ly half  the  floating  debt  in  pledges  received, 
the  feeling  was  general  that  the  hospital  was 
truly  founded  and  that  its  beneficiaries,  the 
public,  would  never  ])ermit  it  to  decline. 

Hospital  of  the  Present  and  the  Future. 
— When  this  volume —  the  stor\-  of  a  re- 
markable American  community — shall  have 
received  more  than  one  supplement,  there 
will  still  be  rising  on  the  highest  land  in 
Evanston — the  city  itself  but  a  borough 
in  a  mammoth  municipality  of  5,000.000 
or  10,000,000  people — a  group  of  buildings 
enveloped  in  the  kindly  shade  of  many  trees, 
and  looking  to  be,  what  it  probably  will  be, 
a  haven  for  the  afflicted.  What  the  hospital 
of  that  day  will  be  to  the  city  of  that  day 
none  knows ;  but  we  do  know  that  the 
Evanston  Hospital  of  today  is,  to  the  Ev- 
anston of  today,  the  most  complete  agency 
for  practical  philanthropy  that  any  institu- 
tion of  its  kind  in  the  world,  with  the  same 
equipment,  fulfills.  The  Evanston  Hospital, 
as  it  stands  today — structure,  equipment, 
and  administration — is  briefly  this  : 

On  the  summit  of  Ridge  Avenue,  No. 
2650,  at  right  angles  to  the  thoroughfare 
and  several  rods  removed,  rises  the  hos- 
pital's administration  building.  It  is  of 
stone  and  vitrified  brick,  the  latter  a  struc- 
tural material  of  the  highest  resistance  and 
of  good  color  tone.  The  building  is  of 
three  stories,  with  high  pitched  and  tile 
roof.  Its  architectural  style  has  decorum, 
and  suggests  repose.  .An  ample  porch 
front,  with  balcony,  looks  eastward  over 
a  falling  landscape  toward  the  lake, 
a  quarter  of  a  mile  distant.  x\t  right 
angles  to  this  building  connected  therewith 
by  a  two-story  and  basement  corridor,  rises 
the    second    of   the    hospital    Ijnildings,   the 


268 


EVANSTON  HOSPITAL 


memorial  gift  of  Mrs.  Alice  A.  Cable.  This 
is  in  architectural  keeping  with  its  dignified 
fellow,  and  the  forerunner  of  others  yet  to 
rise  in  stately  alignment  westward  and 
northward  to  the  boundary  of  the  insti- 
tution's property.  The  following  taken 
from  the  President's  report  for  1905  is 
interesting ; 

"For    several    years    reference    has   been 
made  in  our  annual   reports  to  the  neces- 
sity of  providing  a  maternity  hospital,  and 
last  year  particular  emphasis  was  given  to 
this  subject.    In  response  to  this  appeal,  Mr. 
Lucian  M.  Williams,  on  behalf  of  himself, 
his  brother  and  sisters,  made  known  their 
desire  to  build  this  hospital,  and  requested 
the  Board  of  Directors  to  prepare  plans  and 
obtain  estimates  for  a  most  approved  and 
scientifically    constructed    building,    to    be 
erected    as    a    memorial    to    their    mother, 
Elizabeth    Williams.     Such  plans  and  esti- 
mates were  secured  and  presented,  and  the 
sum  of  $25,000  was  promised  for  this  pur- 
pose.    It  is  expected  this  much  needed  hos- 
pital will  be  completed  and  ready  for  occu- 
pancy bv  June  i,  1906.   The  erection  of  this 
building    will    be    the    consummation    of    a 
hope  long  deferred.   It  will  be  located  north 
of  the  administration  building,  fronting  on 
Ridge  Avenue,  and  will  correspond  in  ma- 
terial   and    style    of    architecture    with    our 
present  buildings.     There   will  be  thirteen 
beds  for  patients,  an  operating  room  with 
dependencies,  diet  kitchens,  children's  nur- 
sery, etc.     The  rooms  for  private  patients 
will  be  on  one  floor  and  those  for  ward  and 
free  patients  on  the  other  floor.   The  private 
rooms  will  be  arranged  with  adjoining  bath 
rooms  and  so  planned  as  to  give  the  utmost 
privacy  and  comfort.     This  generous  gift 
will  open  the  way  for  enlarging  the  char- 
itable work  of  the  Hospital.     It  is  expected 
the  income  will  be  augmented  by  the  use 
of  the  private  rooms,  and  that  it  will  be  suf- 
ficient to  meet  the  expenses  of  this  addition- 


al building  after  the  first  year.  The  need 
of  this  new  and  thoroughly  equipped  Hos- 
pital has  become  more  apparent  with  each 
year.  This  magnificent  gift  is,  therefore, 
most  timely,  and  will  be  a  valuable  addition 
to  our  present  admirably  equipped  hos- 
pital. This  is  another  instance  in  which 
generous  friends,  desiring  to  perpetuate  the 
memory  of  some  beloved  member  of  their 
family,  have  made  it  possible  to  erect  a 
building  as  a  memorial  that  will  be  con- 
stantly in  use  for  the  benefit  of  the  sick  and 
afflicted." 

This,  then,  is  the  main  architectural  mass 
of  the  Evanston  Hospital.  When  this  sys- 
tem of  buildings  shall  have  its  complete 
setting  of  verdure,  when  its  hundreds  of 
trees  and  shrubs,  selected  and  planted  with 
design,  shall  have  arisen  to  enfold  it,  the 
tourist  of  the  north  shore  will  linger  with 
delight  in  its  presence,  .and  the  household 
word  will  become  fixed,  that  the  Evanston 
Hospital  is  a  place  to  behold  as  well  as  a 
place  to  seek  new  life  in.  Piut  a  hospital 
is  what  it  is  within. 

In  operating  equipment  the  Evanston 
Hospital  is  highly  efificient.  A  visiting  and 
consulting  stafif  of  the  first  class,  com- 
manding the  support  of  a  community  of  in- 
telligence and  wealth,  would  naturally  lead 
this  to  be  secured.  Therefore  this  hospital 
has  a  special  room  for  the  administration  of 
anaesthetics,  whence  the  patient  is  wheeled, 
an  ample  hydraulic  elevator  being  used 
when  necessary,  to  any  part  of  either  build- 
ing. The  hospital  also  has  a  generous  re- 
ceiving room  hard  by  a  driveway  approach- 
ing the  connecting  corridors  from  the  rear ; 
and  here,  where  water  may  be  applied  with 
convenience  and  profusion,  an  emergency 
case  may  be  prepared  for  the  operating 
table.  The  operating  room,  with  apparatus 
for  water  and  instrument  sterilization  ad- 
joining, is  placed  in  a  swelling  bay  with 
top  and  side  lights  and  north  exposure.     Its 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


269 


table,  operating  outfit,  plumbing,  and 
snowy  enameled  walls  tell  the  story  of  an 
American  warship — the  cleanest  place  in 
the  world,  and  the  most  effectual  instru- 
ment for  the  purpose  for  which  it  is  created. 
Supplementing  these  main  factors  for  per- 
fect operating  service  are  medicine  closets 
and  lavatories  for  the  professional  staff. 

The  first  and  last  impression  of  the  do- 
mestic equipment  of  the  Evanston  Hospital 
is,  that  it  is  scientifically  chosen  and  used  ; 
that  such  parts  of  it  as  should  be  dainty  and 
feminine  are  superlatively  dainty  and  fem- 
inine ;  and  that,  through  all,  spreads  the 
genius  of  reason,  cleanliness,  and  order. 
These  various  characteristics  are  generally 
expressed  in  the  exquisite  neatness  and  re- 
finement of  the  institution's  housekeeping ; 
in  the  furnishing  of  the  private  rooms  ;  in 
the  simple,  restful  details  of  ward  furnish- 
ings ;  in  the  ample  dining-room  for  nurses, 
as  well  as  in  their  ample  and  beautiful  club 
room ;  in  the  home-like  sleeping  rooms  of 
the  nurses ;  in  the  practical  machinery  for 
bathing,  cooking,  storage ;  and  in  the  cleri- 
cal service  of  administration.  So  much  for 
operating  equipment,  but  the  right  people 
must  use  it ;  and  so  much  for  domestic  fur- 
nishings, but  not  yet  do  walls,  tools,  and 
furnishings  make  a  hospital.  There  must 
be  a  soul  in  the  place,  a  god  in  the  machine. 

Arrangement  and  Internal  Administra- 
tion.— The  administration  of  the  Evan- 
ston Hospital  is  full  worthy  its  physical  out- 
fit ;  and  this  is  so  because  it  stands  in  every 
way  for  the  high  technical  and  humanita- 
rian standards  of  the  institution's  founders. 
With  far  more  effort  than  the  average  cit- 
izen of  Evanston  appreciated,  the  sworn 
friends  of  the  enterprise,  now  so  firmly 
assured,  shaped  its  early  fortunes,  besought 
donations  of  money  and  utilities,  show'ed  it 
worthy  of  confidence  and  large  bequests, 
and  finally  with  such  capital  built  their 
grand  work  high  upon  a  hill.    So  it  is  in  the 


nature  of  things,  this  hospital  being  a  mon- 
ument to  sacrifice,  that  a  strong,  wise,  and 
tender  spirit  should  vitalize  its  administra- 
tion. In  Miss  Annie  L.  Locke,  who  has 
been  Superintendent  eight  years,  is  this 
spirit  personified. 

In  this  sketch  of  one  of  Evanston's  most 
important  institutions,  ranking  next  to  the 
municipal  departments  of  police,  fire,  water, 
and  public  works,  two  types  of  inquiry 
about  the  place  should  find  satisfaction. 
How  good  a  place  is  it  to  get  well  in  ?  Wha; 
about  it  should  interest  the  tourist  and  gen- 
eral visitor?  To  both  of  these  inquiries 
answer  has  in  the  main  been  made ;  but 
there  remain  details  of  equipment  and  ad- 
ministration that  should  not  go  unnoted. 
The  first  fioor  of  the  administration  is 
the  greater  part  of  the  governing  depart- 
ment of  the  hospital.  Here  is  the  reception 
parlor  for  visitors,  office  and  apartments 
for  the  Superintendent,  and  rooms  for  sur- 
gical treatment.  Beneath,  in  the  basement, 
is  the  private  dining-room  of  the  Superin- 
tendent, the  nurses'  dining-room,  and  an 
extensive  culinary  equipment.  On  the  sec- 
ond floor  are  private  rooms  and  semi-private 
wards,  occupants  of  the  former  enjoying  an 
environment  and  retiracy  surpassing  that  of 
a  private  home,  and  occupants  of  the  latter 
being  privileged  to  have  a  private,  as  well 
as  a  hospital,  physician.  On  the  third  floor 
are  rooms  for  domestic  use.  Two  long 
sunny  corridors — enticing  haunts  for  con- 
valescents— unite  the  administration  with 
the  Herman  D.  Cable  Memorial  Building. 
This  latter,  in  structure,  equipment  and  con- 
tented occupants,  is,  like  its  companion, 
something  good  to  see.  It  is  the  house  of 
the  men's  ward,  the  women's  and  children's 
wards,  and  the  private  rooms  of  the  nurses. 
On  the  first  floor,  with  outlook  east  and 
south,  is  the  ward  for  men  with  seven  beds, 
and  the  ward  for  women  with  ten  beds. 
The   building's    southern   end   is   one   enor- 


270 


EVANSTON  HOSPITAL' 


mous  bay,  furnishing  a  sun-room  annex  to 
the  women's  ward  on  the  first  floor,  and  to 
the  children's  ward  on  the  second.  Capa- 
cious and  comfortable  are  these  sun-rooms 
— blissful  half-way  houses  to  health.  The  top 
floor  shelters,  in  home-like  chambers  void 
of  the  institutional  air,  the  members  of  the 
nursing  staff,  and  has  space  for  their  large 
and  inviting  club  and  lecture  room.  Char- 
acteristic details  of  equipment  in  this  build- 
ing are  the  marble  outfittings  of  the  men's 
bath-room,  the  treadle  action  plumbing  in 
the  administration  room,  the  ventilator  sys- 
tem by  steam  exhaust  fans,  the  diet  kitchen, 
and  the  commodious  elevator.  On  every 
floor  of  the  combined  buildings  are  reels 
of  hose  and  extinguishers  for  emergency 
fire  uses.  A  pumping  service  auxiliary  to 
city  pressure  is  also  supplied. 

An  important  and  complete  annex  to  the 
ward  and  administration  buildings  of  the 
hospital,  is  an  auxiliary  building  housing  its 
steam-plant  and  laundry.  The  heating 
agent  of  the  hospital  is  hot  water  circulated 
from  boilers  in  this  same  building,  where 
a  reserve  set  of  boilers  promise  capacity 
sufficient  for  future  additions  in  the  way  of 
buildings,  which  the  unoccupied  area  of  the 
present  hospital  grounds  can  accommodate. 
The  steam  laundry,  located  on  the  second 
floor  of  the  heat  and  power  plant  building, 
is  admirably  equipped  for  dispatch  and 
perfection  of  work.  Its  centrifugal  wringer 
and  extensive  drying  compartments  include  ' 
apparatus  nowhere  excelled.  The  wood  fin- 
ishings of  the  hospital  buildings  are  in  oak. 
save  where  stained  or  white  painted  wood  is 
used  to  supplement  the  more  domestic  fur- 
nishings of  private  apartments. 

The  grounds  of  the  Evanston  Hospital 
have  ample  space  for  departmental  addi- 
tions :  and.  it  is  the  hope  of  its  manage- 
ment, that  there  shall,  in  the  near  future,  be 
added  a  pavilion  for  contagious,  and  a 
building    for    private    patients — such    addi- 


tions taking  systematic  place  along  lines 
westward  of  the  Herman  D.  Cable  Memor- 
ial Building  and  parallel  thereto.  When 
the  time  is  opportune  the  buildings  will  be 
provided. 

To  remind  the  management  of  the  hos- 
pital's need  of  a  maternity  retreat,  there 
came  one  season,  to  a  friendly  niche  in  the 
hospitable  structure,  a  busy  home-making 
robin  which  mothered  two  broods.  This, 
explains  the  superintendent  with  a  smile,  is 
the  Evanston  Hospital's  first  maternity 
ward.  The  hospital  in  1899  opened  a  train- 
ing school  for  nurses.  It  has  now  graduated 
twenty  students,  all  pupils  of  the  selected 
practitioners  of  Evanston  lecturing  at  the 
hospital,  and  nearly  all,  at  one  time  and  an- 
other, members  of  the  hospital  nursing 
stafi^.  In  the  school  at  present  are  thirteen 
pupils. 

Such  has  been  the  evolution  of  the  Evan- 
ston Hospital,  and  such,  in  the  main,  is  its 
characteristic  equipment  and  administra- 
tion. But  for  those  who  will  read  this 
record  in  years  to  come,  as  well  as  for 
the  prospective  beneficiaries  and  benefac- 
tors of  today,  still  further  information  about 
this  unique  place  of  refuge  and  health 
should  be  supplied.  And.  first,  no  applicant 
whose  condition  will  not  imperil  the  insti- 
tution is  turned  from  its  doors.  The  chil- 
dren's ward  is  specially  endowed  by  Mrs. 
Cable  for  the  free  use  of  crippled  and  sick 
children,  and  there  are  also  private  rooms 
for  children.  In  the  women's  and  men's 
ward  a  patient  may  pa}-  as  much  as  $1.00 
a  day  or  nothing.  In  the  semi-private  wards 
the  charge  is  $10.00  a  week:  in  the  private 
rooms,  $15  to  $30  per  week.  It  is  the  in- 
come from  the  private  rooms — and  more 
such  rooms  are  needed — that  helps  supply 
the  deficiency  in  hospital  revenue  caused,  in 
part,  by  increasing  charity  work  in  the  gen- 
eral wards.  The  hospital  work  of  1905  may 
be  expressed  as  equivalent  to  7.561  service 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


271 


days  given  its  free  and  i)ay  patients.  Of 
this  over  34  per  cent  was  service  to  free 
patients.  The  expense  of  hospital  mainte- 
nance in  1905  was  $24,182.41,  to  defray 
which  receipts  from  hospital  service  con- 
tributed $14,854.11.  The  paid-in  endow- 
ment fund  is  $50,500.  The  only  indebted- 
ness was  incurred  for  buildings,  and  this 
has  been  reduced  to  $5,010.  To  operate  the 
hospital  with  its  present  mechanical  equip- 
ment and  staff,  consisting  of  Superinten- 
dent, its  efficient  Assistant  Superintendent, 
Miss  Edith  A.  Bird,  and  fifteen  nurses, 
there  is  needed,  from  voluntary  subscribers 
( aside  from  material  donations,  income 
from  receipts  and  endowment  income — the 
latter  amounting  to  $2,259)  t'''c  s'^""  of 
$7,500.  A  free  bed  in  a  ward  may  be  per- 
petually endowed  for  $5,000:  a  bed  and  a 
room  for  $10,000.  The  hospital  has 
eighteen  free  befls  and  fifteen  rooms.  A 
gift  of  $100  or  more  to  the  endowment  fund 
makes  the  donor  an  endowment  member, 
or  a  like  sum  to  the  general  fund,  a  life 
member.  A  gift  of  $10  secures  a  year's 
membership  in  the  Hospital  .Association. 
The  hospital  stands — including  the  mater- 
nity hospital  and  100  feet  of  land  recentlv 
purchased  for  $4.250 —  as  a  total  invest- 
ment of  about  $130,000.  Since  organization 
the  hospital  has  cared  for  1,982  patients, 
and,  in  1905,  491  people  contributed  to  the 
institution's  support.  From  its  start,  the 
hospital  in  every  form  of  favorable  pub- 
licity has  been  upheld  by  the  "Evanston 
Press'"  and  the  "Evanston  Index." 

The  administrative  policy  of  the  hos- 
pital is,  of  course,  non-sectarian.  Its  re- 
ceipts from  the  Protestant  churches,  on 
Hospital  Sunda\-,  February  14,  1905,  were 
$4,394.13.  The  City  of  Evanston  appro- 
priates yearly  to  the  hospital  the  sum  of 
$300.  Free  beds  are  maintained  by  the 
Presbyterian  and  Congregational  churches, 
and     bv     Northwestern     Universitv.       The 


medical  and  surgical  attendance  is  the  vol- 
untary and  unpaid  daily  attendance  of  two 
competent  Evanston  practitioners,  rotating 
in  service  with  associates,  composing  a  total 
volunteer  staff  of  twelve.  For  consultation 
the  resident  statt  calls  upon  the  most  emi- 
nent physicians  and  surgeons  of  Chicago. 
The  ambulance  of  the  Evanston  Hospital, 
is  modern,  up-to-date,  with  full  equipment, 
and  is  under  the  direction  of  the  superin- 
tendent. 

Official  Administration. — The  affairs  of 
the  Evanston  Hospital  are  guided  by  its 
executive  officers  and  thirty  Directors,  oper- 
ating in  twelve  committees.  In  all  co-oper- 
ative effort  certain  people  voluntarily  take — 
or,  are  besought  to  take,  and  do  take — posts 
high  and  posts  humble,  but  all  of  laborious 
duty.  Hundreds  of  public-spirited'  citizens 
united  to  raise  the  Evanston  Hospital,  and 
hundreds  continue  to  unite  to  make  it  the 
most  attractive  and  useful  place  of  its  scope 
and  equipment  in  the  United  States.  Among 
these  hundreds  there  must  be  some,  even 
more  than  others,  whom  circumstances 
have  elected  to  service  peculiarly  long,  dif- 
ficult and  efficient.  ( )f  this  smaller  band 
common  consent  would  approve  the  men- 
tion of  Frank  AI.  Elliot,  President ;  Julia 
AI.  Watson,  Vice-President :  and  Mary 
Harris.  Secretary,  the  association's  execu- 
tive officers  for  eleven  consecutive  years ; 
of  F.  F.  Peabody,  Charles  R.  Webster. 
David  R.  Forgan.  John  R.  Lindgren,  Rol- 
lin  A.  Keyes.  Irwin  Rew,  \Villiam  G.  Hoag. 
for  their  service  in  finance  and  investment 
committee  work ;  of  William  B.  Phillips, 
for  care  of  the  variegated  plant  life  that 
beautifies  the  grounds  ;  of  Mrs.  Charles  J. 
Connell.  Mrs.  Julia  ]\I.  Watson,  Mrs.  \'ir- 
ginia  Creighton,  P.  R.  Shumway  and  Wil- 
liam B.  Phillips  for  faithful  and  sym- 
pathetic service  on  the  Executive  Commit- 
tee ;  of  Dr.  Sarah  H.  Brayton.  for  work 
contributed   to   the    furnishing   of   the   hos- 


EVANSTON  HOSPITAL 


pital ;  of  the  Msiting  Committee,  Mrs. 
James  A.  Patten,  and  of  E.  H.  Buehler  on 
the  Medical  Supply  Committee. 

List  of  Donors. — Donors  to  the  funds 
of  the  Evanston  Hospital  have  been  many, 
and  at  least  two  sources  of  income,  not 
directly  personal,  are  an  interesting  illus- 
tration of  how  an  enterprise  of  this  char- 
acter mav  profit  by  public  movements 
animated  by  belief  in  its  merits  and  faith 
in  its  future.  These  two  sources  are  the 
fixed  annual  institution  of  Hospital  Sunday, 
and  the  benefit  entertainment  conducted  by 
clubs  or  by  society  at  large. 

Benefactions  have  been  generally  meas- 
ured by  the  competency  of  benefactors. 
While  many  small  contributions  have  been, 
and  continue  to  be,  as  the  breath  of  life  of 
this  institution,  certain  large  ones,  at  crit- 
ical periods,  have  fixed  the  lines  of  its 
growth  and  the  scope  of  its  mission. 

The  Endowment  Fund  of  $50,500  was 
contributed  by  the  following  Endowment 
Members:  L  F.  Blackstone.  William  Listen 
Brown,  Mrs.  Alice  A.  Cable,  Frank  E. 
Lord,  James  A.  Patten,  Mrs.  Lilly  Parker 
Stacey,  Thomas  L  Stacey,  Mrs.  Julia  At. 
\^'atson,  Mrs.  Hugh  R.  Wilson,  and  un- 
named friends  in  sums  of  $5,000,  1,500  and 
$2,500,  respectively. 

The  following  Life  Members  have  each 
contributed  $100  or  more  to  the  hospital: 
M.  C.  Armour,  Mrs.  M.  C.  Armour,  C.  A. 
Barry,  William  H.  Bartlett.  Dr.  M.  C. 
Bragdon.  Mrs.  W.  L.  Brown,  Mrs.  Edwin 
F.  Brown,  Mrs.  Rebecca  N.  liutler,  Daniel 
H.  Burnham,  William  Blanchard,  William 
H.  Bartlett,  William  L.  Brown,  Rev. 
Charles  F.  Bradley,  E.  H.  P.uehler.  Mrs.  W. 
B.  Bogert,  Charles  T.  Boynton,  E.  J.  Buf- 
fington,  Mrs.  W.  H.  Burnet,  Mrs.  Alice  A. 
Cable,  David  S.  Cook,  Mrs.  Louise  Condict, 
Mrs.  T.  S.  Creighton,  C.  P.  Coffin,  J.  J. 
Charles,  Ira  B.  Cook.  Charles  B.  Congdon, 
Charles    B.    Cleveland,    William    Deering, 


Frank  M.  Elliot,  John  M.  Ewen,  Mrs.  John 
M.  Ewen,  C.  W.  Elphicke,  Mary  Fabian, 
W.  J.  Fabian,  D.  R.  Forgan,  Frank  P. 
Frazier,  J.  H.  Garaghty,  Mrs.  P.  W.  Gates, 
P.  W.  Gates,  Charles  F.  Grey,  Clara  Gris- 
wold,  A.  H.  Gross,  Mrs.  A.  H.  Gross,  Mrs. 
\'irginia  Hamline,  Mrs.  A.  J.  Harding,  F. 
A.  Hardy,  Mrs.  C.  H.  Hall,  E.  A.  Hill, 
Mrs.  Janet  W.  Hubbard,  William  G.  Hoag, 
Mrs.  T.  C.  Hoag,  W.  H.  Jones,  Marshall 
M.  Kirkman,  N.  C.  Knight,  E.  S.  Lacey, 
Richard  C.  Lake,  John  R.  Lindgren, 
Thomas  Lord,  George  S.  Lord,  Frank  E. 
Lord,  David  R.  Lewis,  P.  L.  McKinney, 
M.  D.,  Roger  B.  McMullen.  Mrs.  James  A. 
Patten,  F.  F.  Peabody,  F.  S.  Peabody, 
H.  A.  Pearsons,  William  B.  Phillips,  Kate 
C.  Ouinlan,  Irwin  Rew,  George  B.  Rey- 
nolds, Fleming  H.  Revell,  W.  T.  Rickards, 
Mrs.  C.  H.  Rowe,  George  Scott,  R.  L. 
Scott,  R.  S.  Scott,  J.  E.  Scott,  Rev.  H.  P. 
Smyth,  J.  S.  Shaffer,  George  M.  Sargent, 
George  Watson  Smith,  Robert  D.  Sheppard, 
William  E.  Stockton,  Philip  R.  Shumway, 
Mrs.  Lucy  D.  Shuman,  Mrs.  T.  I.  Stacey, 
H.  C.  Tillinghast,  Leroy  D.  Thoman.  H.  J. 
Wallingford"",  C.  A.  Ward.  Mrs.  J.  F.  Ward, 
Mrs.  Julia  M.  Watson,  Margaret  S.  Wat- 
son, Milton  H.  Wilson,  ]Mrs.  H.  R.  Wilson, 
John  E.  Wilder,  Charles  E.  Yerkes,  A.  X. 
Young. 

The  total  cash  receipts  to  the  Evanston 
Hospital  since  its  organization  have  been 
$308,719.00.  This  sum  has  been  expended 
as  follows : 

Buildings    and    land $128,086 

Endowment   Fund 50.500 

Maintenance  for  twelve  years 130.133 

On  May  15,  1006,  Mrs.  Julia  M.  Watson  died 
suddenly,  depriving  this  association  of  .one  of  its 
most  devoted  and  valuable  members.  Mrs.  Wat- 
son had  been  identified  with  the  hospital  from  the 
beginning,  and  during  these  sixteen  years  had 
beeii  an  officer  and  active  worker  in  its  behalf. 
The  hospital  was  peculiarly  near  to  her  heart 
and  the  object  of  her  special  devotion.  ^ 

At  a  special  meeting  of  the  Executive  Commit- 
tee of  the  Hospital  .Association  the  following  me- 
morial paper  was  adopted : 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


273 


"The  sudden  and,  to  mortal  vision,  untimely 
death  of  Mrs.  Julia  M.  Watson,  on  the  13th  inst.. 
has  not  merely  deprived  the  Evanston  Hospital 
Association  of  its  honored  Vice-President,  and 
this  committee  of  one  of  its  most  active  and  valu- 
able members,  but  has  taken  away  one  who  has, 
from  the  very  beginning  of  the  institution  to  the 
present  time,  been  so  closely  identified  with  its 
growth  and  development,  so  constant  in  her  unsel- 
fish devotion  to  its  interests  and  so  generous  in  its 
support,  that  she  had  become  an  essential  part  of 
its  very  existence. 

"Her  wise  counsel,  her  faithful  attention  to  the 
duties  of  the  various  committees  upon  which  she 
has  continuously  and  most  efficiently  served  and 
her  strong  and  inspiring  personality,  no  less  than 
her  generous  gifts  have  contributed  in  a  very 
large  degree  to  the  splendid  results  that  have  been 
accomplished. 

"To  express  a  proper  appreciation  of  the  value 
of  such  services  as  she  has  rendered,  and  of  the 
loss  this  committee  and  the  association  have  sus- 
tained is  impossible.  We  can  only  record  our 
profound  sense  of  sorrow  in  her  loss.  Its  more 
adequate  appreciation  will  not  be  expressed,  but 
will  be  preserved  in  the  grateful  and  affectionate 
remembrance  which  we  shall  ever  cherish  in  our 
hearts. 

"Franiv    jVI.    Elliot,    Chairman, 
Wm.  G.  Ho.ag, 
Wm.  B.  Phillips. 
Philip  R.  Shumwav. 
RoLLiN  A.  Keves, 
Irwin  Rew. 
Mrs.  T.  S.  Creichton, 
Mrs.  C.  J.  CoNNELL, 
Mrs.  James  A.  Patten, 
Mary  Harris,  Secretary." 

Present  Officers. — The  complete  govern- 
ing body  of  the  Hospital  Association  for 
the  year  1906,  is  as  follows: 

General  Officers — Frank  M.  Elliot,  Pres- 
ident;  Julia  ]\I.  Watson,  \'ice-President ; 
William  G.  Hoag,  Treasurer ;  i\Iary  Harris, 
Secretary ;  Annie  L.  Locke,  Superinten- 
dent ;  Edith  A.  Bird.  Assistant  Superin- 
dent. 

Executive  Committee — Frank  J\I.  Elliot, 
Chairman :  Mr.  William  B.  Phillips,  Mr. 
Philip  R.  Shumway,  Mr.  Rollin  A.  Keyes, 
Mr.  Irwin  Rew.  Mr.  William  A.  Hoag, 
Mrs.  Julia  M.  Watson.  2vlrs.  T.  S.  Creigh- 


ton,   Mrs.   C.   J.   Connell,   Mrs.   James   A. 
Patten. 

Finance  Committee — Mr.  Irwin  Rew, 
Chairman ;  Mr.  Frank  H.  Armstrong,  Mr. 
Charles  R.  Webster. 

Investment  Committee — Mr.  William  G. 
Hoag,  Chairman ;  Mr.  J.  R.  Lindgren,  Mr. 
Rollin  A.  Keyes. 

Auditing  Committee — Mr.  Philip  R. 
Shumway,  Chairman ;  Mr.  W.  B.  Phillips, 
Air.  Clyde  M.  Carr. 

House  and  Grounds  Committee — Mr. 
William  B.  Phillips,  Chairman;  Mr.  M.  C. 
Armour,  Mr.  Frank  P.  Frazier. 

Admission  Committee — Mrs.  C.  J.  Con- 
nell, Chairman ;  Mrs.  James  A.  Patten, 
Miss  A.  L.  Locke. 

Supplies  Committee — Mrs.  Julia  M 
Watson,  Chairman ;  Mrs.  W.  J.  Fabian, 
]Mrs.  Caroline  S.  Poppenhusen.         * 

Medical  Supplies  Committee — Mr.  Ed- 
ward H.  Buehler,  Mr.  R.  J.  Bassett. 

Printing  Committee — Mr.  Philip  R. 
Shumway,  Chairman ;  Miss  Mary  Harris, 
Mr.  William  G.  Hoag. 

Training  School  Committee — Mrs.  Julia 
M.  Watson,  Chairman ;  Mrs.  Alice  A. 
Cable,  Miss  Mary  Harris. 

Hospital  Saturday  and  Sunday  Commit- 
tee— Mrs.  T.  S.  Creighton,  Chairman; 
]Mrs.  Parke  E.  Simmons,  Mr.  C.  F.  Mar- 
low. 

Msiting  and  Delicacies  Committee — 
Mrs.  James  A.  Patten,  Chairman ;  Mrs.  W. 
S.  Powers,  Mrs.  Irwin  Rew,  Mrs.  A.  R. 
Barnes,  Mrs.  E.  J.  Buffington.  Mrs.  M.  A. 
Mead,  Mrs.  H.  H.  Hoyt,  Mrs.  John  C. 
Spry,  Mrs.  T.  M.  Holgate,  Mrs.  J.  H. 
Garaghty,  ]\Irs.  W.  H.  Warren,  Mrs.  James 
W.  Howell,  ]\Irs.  Philip  R.  Shumway. 

Directors. — Term  Expires  1906 — Mr. 
William  B.  Bogert,  Prof.  J.  H.  Gray,  Mr. 
William  B.  Phillips,  Mrs.  W.  L.  Brown, 
Mr.  Rollin  A.  Keyes,  Mrs.  William  Hola- 


2/4 


EVANSTON  HOSPITAL 


bird,  Mrs.  James  A.  Patten,  Mr.  Frank  M. 
Elliot,  Mr.  E.  H.  Buehler,  Mr.  Clyde  M. 
Carr. 

Term  Expires  1907 — Mrs.  H.  D.  Cable, 
Mr.  Philip  R.  Shumway,  Mrs.  C.  S.  Pop- 
penhusen,  Mrs.  John  C.  Spry,  Mrs.  T.  S. 
Creighton,  Mr.  M.  C.  Armour,  Mr.  Irwin 
Rew,  Mrs.  E.  J.  Buffington,  Mr.  R.  L. 
Scott,  Mr.  Charles  F.  Marlow. 

Term  Expires  1908 — Mr.  F.  P.  Frazier, 
Mr.  F.  F.  Peabody,  Mr.  C.  R.  Webster, 
Mr.  D.  R.  Forgan,  Mr.  Robert  J.  Bassett, 
Mrs.  Julia  M.  Watson,  Mrs.  C.  J.  Connell, 
Mrs.  Lucy  J.  Rowe,  Mr.  William  G.  Hoag, 
Mr.  Frank  H.  Armstrong. 


Medical  Staff.— E.  H.  Webster,  M.  D. ; 
W.  A.  Phillips,  M.  D. ;  William  R.  Parkes, 
M.  D. ;  P.  D.  Harding,  M.  D. ;  Sarah  H. 
Brayton.  M.  D. ;  Frank  C.  Dakin,  M.  D. ; 
M.  C.  Bragdon,  M.  D. ;  E.  E.  Shutterly, 
M.  D.;  Mary  F.  McCrilHs,  M.  D.;  Dwight 
Clark,  M  D. :  B.  C.  Stolp,  M.  D. 

Consulting  Staff. — Charles  Adams,  M. 
D. ;  C.  S.  Bigelow,  D.  D.  S. ;  Frank  Billings, 
^I.  D. :  Arthur  R.  Edwards,  I\I.  D. ;  Charles 
G.  Fuller,  M.  D. ;  D.  W.  Graham,  M.  D. ; 
Fernand  Henrotin,  M.  D. ;  Hugh  T.  Pat- 
rick, M.  D.;  John  Ridlon,  M.  D. ;  Will 
Walter,  M.  D. ;  W.  S.  Alexander,  Patholo- 
gist. 


CHAPTER   XXX. 


LOCAL  MUSICAL  ORGANIZATIONS 

(By  PROFESSOR  SAIDEE  KNOWLAND  COE) 


Evanston  as  it  Existed  in  JS§6 — Primeval 
Church  Music — IVar  So)igs — A  Com- 
mencement Concert — The  Hutchinson 
Family — Jules  Lnmbard — 0.  H.  Merzvin 
Becomes  A  Choir  Leader — Other  Nota- 
ble Musicians — Evanston' s  First  Musical 
Club — Some  Famous  Teachers  and  Per- 
formers— Thomas  Concert  Class  Organ- 
iaed — Mrs.  Edward  IVyman — Musical 
Department  of  Evanston  Woman's  Club 
— Jl'omen's  Clubs  as  a  Factor  in  Musical 
Training — Evanston  Musical  Club — 
Macnncrchor  Organized  —  Programs  — 
Officers. 

Evanston  has  become  such  an  acknowl- 
edged musical  as  well  as  literary  center, 
that  the  tracing  of  the  steps  leading  up 
to  its  present  high  state  of  development 
affords  unusual  interest.  Let  us  close  our 
eyes  and  picture  to  ourselves  the  town  in 
1856.  It  consisted,  as  a  reliable  authority 
informs  us,  of  a  few  houses :  the  University 
represented  by  the  old  Academy  building, 
which  then  stood  on  the  corner  of  Davis 
Street  and  Hinman  Avenue ;  the  North- 
western Women's  College,  further  south  on 
Chicago  Avenue :  the  Alethodist  Church,  a 
wooden  building  which  everybody  attend- 
ed :  and  a  general  store  and  postoffice.  At 
this  stage  it  is  natural  that  musical  interest 
should  have  centered  around  the  music  in 
the  church.    This,  at  first,  consisted  of  sing- 


ing by  the  congregation  of  old  familiar 
hymns.  A  little  later  a  choir  was  formed  of 
the  young  people  of  the  church,  led  first  by 
Air.  Hart  P.  Danks,  who  afterwards  be- 
came well  known  as  a  composer  of  songs 
and  church  music.  Mrs.  Mary  Willard 
was  a  member  of  this  choir,  which  sang  not 
only  the  hymns  and  old-fashioned  anthems 
for  the  church  service,  but  was  always  on 
hand  for  p^rayer  meeti'ngs,  lectures,  so- 
ciables and  even  sleigh-rides  and  picnics. 
Mr.  Danks  was  succeeded  as  choir-leader 
by  Air.  John  A.  Pearsons.  In  the  war  meet- 
ings, held  in  the  old  University  chapel,  the 
choir  thrilled  its  hearers  with  its  rendering 
of  patriotic  songs. 

The  first  brass  band  in  the  town  was  or- 
ganized in  1857,  and  was  led  by  Frank 
Steel,  an  Evanston  boy,  who  afterwards 
achieved  some  reputation  as  bandmaster 
in  a  New  York  regiment  during  tire  war. 
About  this  time  Air.  J.  B.  Alerw-in — a  dis- 
tant relative  of  Air.  O.  H.  Alerwin,  whose 
notable  work  for  music  in  Evanston  will 
be  mentioned  later  on — succeeded  in  stir- 
ring up  considerable  musical  enthusiasm 
among  the  young  people.  Under  his  direc- 
tion they  gave  one  or  two  sacred  cantatas, 
which  were  greatly  enjoyed.  At  commence- 
ment time  a  concert  was  always  given  in  the 
Alethodist  Church  by  the  music  teacher  and 
pupils  of  the  Women's  College.  This  was 
the  most  pretentious  musical  event  of  the 


275 


276 


LOCAL  MUSICAL  ORGANIZATIONS 


year  for  the  town.  From  time  to  time  vari- 
ous musicians  from  outside  gave  concerts 
in  Evanston.  Among  these  are  remember- 
ed the  Hutchinson  Family  and  Jules  Lum- 
bard,  whose  singing  was  very  popular  dur- 
ing the  war. 

In  1869  Mr.  O.  H.  Merwin  came  to 
Evanston  and  was  made  director  of  the 
choir,  a  position  he  held  for  thirteen  years, 
until  1882.  The  period  of  Mr.  Merwin's 
activity  in  this  work  may  be  said  to  mark 
the  musical  transition  between  the  Evan- 
ston of  the  past  and  the  Evanston  of  the 
present.  During  his  regime  the  choir, 
which  was  made  up  from  the  young  people 
of  the  church  and  students  of  the  L^niver- 
sity,  numbered  from  forty  to  seventy  mem- 
bers. Among  the  names  we  find  many  famil- 
iar ones.  Miss  Ella  Prindle,  now  Mrs. 
Amos  W.  Patten,  was  leading  soprano  for 
eight  or  ten  years ;  Mrs.  Frank  P.  Crandon 
and  ]\Irs.  H.  F.  Fisk  occupied  front  seats 
in  the  soprano  row,  while  Professor  James 
Taft  Hatfield  reinforced  the  tenors.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  John  B.  Kirk,  Miss  Lindgren 
(now  Mrs.  Nels  Simonsen),  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Inglehart,  Miss  Nellie  Hurd  (now  Mrs. 
Comstock),  the  Raymond  brothers,  ^Ir. 
Scott  Matthews,  Miss  Pomeroy,  and  many 
others  whose  names  are  well  known  to  old 
Evanstonians,  mingled  their  voices  in  Mr. 
Merwin's  choir.  This  organization  gave 
frequent  entertainments  for  the  benefit  of 
the  church,  on  which  occasion  the  choir  was 
reinforced  by  all  the  singers  in  the  town. 
In  the  spring  of  1879  a  concert  was  given 
in  which  ]\Iiss  Annie  Louise  Cary  took  the 
leading  part.  The  following  year  "The 
Messiah"  was  produced  with  Myron  Whit- 
ney as  basso.  In  1882  I\Ir.  Merwin  was 
succeeded  by  Mr.  Locke,  director  of  the 
Music  Department  of  the  L^niversity. 

The  Evanston  Amateur  Musical  Club. — 
The  first  important  musical  club  in  Evanston 
was  the  Evanston  Amateur  ^Musical  Club, 


a  musical  and  social  organization  which 
flourished  for  five  years — -from  1882  to 
1887.  Its  founder  and  presiding  genius 
was  Miss  Nina  G.  Lunt,  to  whose  perse- 
verance and  untiring  energy  the  success  of 
the  enterprise  was  due.  She  started  the 
club  with  fourteen  young  amateur  musi- 
cians as  a  nucleus.  The  membership  grew 
with  such  rapidity  that  it  comprised  large 
active,  associate  and  honorary  lists.  The 
last  included  the  names  of  many  prom- 
inent Chicago  musicians,  notably  Mrs. 
Regina  Watson  (who  was  always  a  great 
source  of  inspiration  and  help  to  the  clubj, 
Miss  Fannie  Root,  Miss  Amy  Fay,  Mr. 
Carl  Wolfsohn,  Mr.  Fred  W.  Root,  Mr. 
Emil  Liebling  and  others.  For  two  years 
fortnightly  afternoon  musicals  were  given 
during  the  season  at  the  homes  of  the  mem- 
bers. The  programs  were  furnished  large- 
ly by  the  active  members.  Frequent  even- 
ing recitals  by  well  known  artists  added 
much  to  the  interest  of  the  association.  It 
was  finally  deemed  best  to  do  away  with  the 
afternoon  meetings  and  have  the  entertain- 
ments all  given  in  the  evening,  the  programs 
to  be  furnished  by  artists  of  established 
reputation.  At  the  same  time  the  term 
"amateur"  was  dropped,  the  name  of  the 
club  appearing  as  the  Evanston  Musical 
Club.  The  list  of  artists  who  appeared 
in  recitals  before  this  club  is  a  notable 
one.  It  includes  Seeboeck,  Amy  Fay, 
Carl  Wolfsohn,  Emil  Liebling,  Frank 
Root,  Mrs.  Walter  Wyman,  Mme.  Carreno, 
Sherwood,  Annie  Rommeiss,  Mrs.  May 
Phoenix  Cameron,  Mme.  Hopekirk,  Mme. 
Trebelli,  Jacobsohn,  Musin,  Fannie  Bloom- 
field  Zeisler,  The  Mendelssohn  Quintette 
Club  of  Boston,  Rummel,  Lilli  Lehman 
and  others.  There  were  also  Chamber  Con- 
certs given  under  the  direction  of  Mr. 
\\'illiam   Lewis. 

Church    Music. — With    the    growth    of 
Evanston.    churches   of   various    denomina- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


277 


tions  have  sprung  up  and  their  choirs  have 
added  no  httle  to  the  musical  development 
of  the  town.  The  Congregational  Church 
choir  has  become  noted  as  a  training-ground 
for  some  of  our  best  known  concert  sing- 
ers. Among  them  are  Mr.  Francis  Fisher 
Powers,  Mrs.  Minnie  Fish  Griffin  and  Mrs. 
Minnie  D.  Methot,  who  has  recently  gone 
into  opera.  The  following  excerpt  is  taken 
from  an  interesting  article  on  "Church 
Music"  by  Mr.  Frank  M.  Elliot,  in  which 
he  sketches  the  musical  history  of  the  Evan- 
ston  Congregational  Church : 

"One  of  the  choirs  long  to  be  remember- 
ed was,  in  1875  and  1876,  known  as  the 
Powers  Quartet,  composed  of  Miss  Emily 
Powers,  Miss  Lottie  Powers  (now  Mrs. 
Ullman).  Mr.  Francis  Fisher  Powers  and 
Mr.  Fred  Powers.  They  were  all  musical 
and  their  singing  was  always  enjoyed. 

"In  1881,  1882  and  1883  the  music  was 
under  the  direction  of  Mr.  George  H.  lott. 
This  was  the  first  of  our  paid  choirs.  Mr. 
lott  entered  upon  his  duties  with  enthusi- 
asm, and  unquestionably  did  more  to  edu- 
cate our  people  in  good  sacred  music  than 
anyone  before  or  since.  His  selections 
were  always  of  a  high  order  of  merit.  His 
exactness  with  the  musicians,  his  fine  ap- 
preciation of  music,  together  with  the 
superb  quality  of  his  voice,  gave  a  render- 
ing that  was  always  satisfactory  and  help- 
ful to  his  listeners.  The  Te  Deum  became 
one  of  the  most  enjoyable  of  the  selections 
given.  It  was  his  custom  to  give  a  Te 
Deimi  at  every  morning  service,  and  this 
feature  became  so  characteristic  that  his 
choir  was  known  ever  after  as  the  'Te  Deum 
choir.' 

"In  1890,  1891  and  1892,  the  choir  com- 
posed of  Miss  Grace  E.  Jones,  Miss  Esther 
A.  Pitkin,  Mr.  Henry  Taylor,  Jr..  and  Mr. 
J.  P.  McGrath,  gave  an  excellent  rendering 
of  all  their  music.  They  were  together  so 
long  that  thev  became  accustomed  to  each 


other's  singing.  Their  ensemble  work  was, 
perhaps,  as  good  as  that  of  any  choir  we 
have  had.  By  far  the  best  choir  we  ever 
had  was  composed  of  Mrs.  Alinnie  Fish 
Griffin,  Miss  Alice  Hayes,  I\Ir.  Johnston 
and  Mr.  William  Richards.  Unfortun- 
ately this  choir  was  together  only  three 
months.  Their  voices  were  evenly  balanced, 
and  all  were  experienced  and  artistic  sing- 
ers, so  that  every  selection  that  they  under- 
took was  sure  of  proper  interpretation. 

"There  have  been  other  excellent  choirs, 
but,  as  a  rule,  one  or  more  of  the  voices 
were  defective.  The  singers  who  have 
endeared  themselves  to  our  people — and 
who  will  always  be  regarded  with  the  high- 
est esteem,  both  for  their  musical  ability 
and  for  their  sincerity  and  devotion  to  their 
work  while  in  the  choir — are  Miss  Owens, 
]\Iiss  Carpenter,  Mrs.  Bartlett,  Mrs.  Goetz, 
]\Irs.  Brewer,  J\Irs.  Lamphere,  Mrs.  Minnie 
D.  Methot,  Mrs.  Stella  Lawrence  Nara- 
niore,  Mrs.  Grace  Jones  Taylor,  Mrs.  Esther 
Pitkin-Bartlett,  Mrs.  Jennie  Sugg  Carson, 
Mrs.  JMinnie  Fish  Griffin,  Miss  Hayes,  Miss 
Sohlberg.  Aliss  Kelley,  Mr.  George  H. 
lott,  Mr.  Homer  F.  Stone,  'Sir.  James  F. 
Bird,  ]\Ir.  Charles  A.  Dew,  Air.  Henry 
Taylor.  Jr.,  Mr.  J.  P.  McGrath,  Mr.  William 
Richards,  Mr.  James  F.  Johnston  and  Mr. 
L.  F.  Brown. 

"The  organists,  who,  by  their  association 
with  this  church,  have  become  a  part  of  its 
history,  are  J.  \\'.  Ludlam,  Clarkson  Rey- 
nolds Larabee,  Arthur  Cutler,  Prof.  W.  S. 
B.  Mathews,  Prof.  Oscar  Mayo,  Miss 
Mollie  Ludlam,  Miss  Lydia  S.  Harris,  R.  H. 
L.  Watson,  L.  P.  Hoyt,  H.  D.  Atchison, 
Hubert  Oldham,  W.  W.  Graves,  A.  F. 
McCarrell,  John  A.  West.  Edwin  Barnes, 
Irving  Proctor,  John  Mills  Mayhew  and 
Scott  Wheeler." 

In  recent  years  the  most  marked  feature 
of  the  music  of  the  Congregational  Church 


278 


LOCAL  MUSICAL  ORGANIZATIONS 


has  been  the  artistic  singing  of  Airs.  Sanger 
Steele. 

St:  Mark's  (Episcopal)  Church  has  a 
vested  choir,  which  furnishes  the  music 
for  the  regular  service  throughout  the  year 
and  in  addition,  usuall}-  performs  the  St. 
Cecilia  Mass  at  Easter. 

In  June,  1897,  a  series  of  free  organ  re- 
citals was  inauguarated  in  the  Presbyter- 
ian Church.  These  were  continued  through 
four  seasons.  The  expenses  were  borne 
by  private  citizens  who  contributed  each 
year  in  response  to  an  appeal  from  the 
pastor,  Dr.  Boyd.  The  organists  who  fur- 
nished the  programs  were  Miss  Tina  Mae 
Haines,  organist  of  the  church,  to  whom  the 
credit  of  the  enterprise  is  largely  due,  Scott 
Wheeler,  Arthur  Dunham,  James  Watson, 
A.  F.  McCarrell,  Francis  Moore,  Ada 
Williams,  Francis  Remington,  William 
Zeuch  and  Clarence  Dickinson.  During  the 
summer  of  1899  the  entire  group  of  six  re- 
citals was  given  by  Miss  Haines,  assisted 
by  prominent  vocalists.  Among  the  solo- 
ists who  assisted  during  the  four  seasons 
the  most  notable  are  George  Hamlin, 
Charles  W.  Clark,  Jennie  Osborne,  Helen 
Buckley  and  Holmes  Cowper.  One  of  the 
most  notable  concerts  ever  given  in  the 
church  was  the  Farewell  Concert  given  for 
Miss  Haines  before  her  departure  for  a 
year's  study  in  Paris.  The  program  was 
given  by  Miss  Haines,  Harrison  Wild, 
Charles  W.  Clark,  Leon  Marx  and  Mrs. 
Edwin  Lapham. 

During  the  summer  of  1904-5,  the  sum- 
mer concerts  were  resumed  and  were  so 
successful  that  a  series  will  be  given  the 
coming  summer,  1905-6.  The  programs  are 
given  by  Miss  Haines,  with  the  assistance 
of  prominent  soloists.  The  most  impor- 
tant concert  ever  given  in  the  church  was  by 
the  organist,  Guilmant,  in  October,  1904. 
Miss  Greta  Masson  assisted  on  this  pro- 
gram, with  soprano  solos.     In  the  summer 


of  1901  a  series  of  organ  concerts  was 
given  in  the  First  Methodist  church  by 
Professor  P.  C.  Lutkin,  Miss  Mary  Porter 
Pratt,  Miss  Tina  Mae  Haines,  Mr.  William 
E.  Zeuch  and  Mr.  A.  F.  McCarrell.  After 
the  installation  of  the  new  organ  especially 
noteworthy  recitals  were  given  with  the 
following  programs : 

Toccata    and    Fugue,    D    minor Bach 

Prof.    P.    C.    Lutkin 

.\ntliem — "Praise   the    Lord" A.    Randegger 

(a)   Chorus — "Sing   unto    God" G.    F.    Handel 

tb)    "La   Cygne"    (The  Swan) C.    Saint-Saens 

(c)    Nuptial    March A.    Guilmant 

^Ir.   Clarence  Eddy 
Quartette — "Thou  Shalt   Bring  Them  In".. .A.  S.   Sullivan 

Quartette 
Allegro    Cantabile.      From    the    fifth    Organ    Symphony 

Toccata    C.    M.   Widor 

Lamentation,   op.    4.') A.    Guilmant 

Mr.  Eddy 

Soprano  Solo— "I   will   Extol  Thee.  O   Lord" Costa 

Miss    Ridgeley 

Barcarolle    E.    H.    Lamare 

March  and   Chorus  from    Tannhauser Wagner 

Mr.    Eddy 

The  following  program  was  given  by 
Mr.  Frederick  Archer  on  February  28, 
1901 : 

Allegro  Moderato  from  Organ  Symphony.  ..  .W.   Faulkes 

(a)    Pastorale     .lorgan 

(a)    Scherzo     Gigout 

Chorale  in  B  minor Caesar  Franck 

(a)  Chanson  sans   Paroles E.   H.    Lamare 

(b)  Humoritisque    J.    Callaerts 

Toccata    in    F Claussman 

Poeme   Symphonique — "Rouet   d'   Omphale". . .  .St.    Saens 

Theme    and    Variations Schubert 

Finale  from   Octette   for   strings Mendelssohn 

Serenade      Molique 

Overture — "Love's  Triumph" W.   V.   Wallace 

During  the  summer  of  1902  a  series  of 
organ  recitals  was  given  in  the  Presbyter- 
ian and  First  Methodist  churches,  alternate- 
ly, by  Mr.  Clarence  Dickinson,  assisted  by 
prominent  vocalists.  Among  the  noteworthy 
vocalists  who  have  been  members  of  the 
choir  are  Mr.  Frank  Hannah,  Jenny  Os- 
born  Hannah,  Mrs.  Furbeck,  J\linnie  Fish 
Griffin  and  Mr.  Frank  Webster.  The  pres- 
ent organist  (1905)  of  the  church.  Miss 
Katherine  Howard,  has  carried  on  with 
much  success  monthly  musical  vesper  ser- 
vices during  the  winter  and  a  series  of 
organ  concerts  during  the  summer. 

The  Thomas  Concert  Class. — The  Thom- 
as  Concert   Class   was   started   in   October, 
1896,  and  has  had  nine  thoroughly  success-" 
ful  years.  The  membership  is  limited  to  sub- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


279 


scribers  to  the  Thomas  Orchestra  Concerts. 
Mrs.  Edward  T.  Wyman  and  Miss  Cora 
Cassard,  now  Mrs.  Toogood,  were  the 
starters  of  the  enterprise,  going  about 
among  their  musical  friends  to  stir  up  an 
interest  in  the  new  venture.  They  soon 
enhsted  the  co-operation  of  Mrs.  C.  L. 
Woodyatt,  Mrs.  Curtis  H.  Remy  and  Mrs. 
Charles  G.  Fuller,  and  to  the  energy  and 
devotion  of  these  five  ladies  the  Class  owes 
its  launching  into  a  most  successful  career. 
The  purpose  has  been,  primarily,  the  study 
in  advance  of  the  numbers  announced  on 
the  programs  of  the  orchestral  concerts. 
Since  its  organization,  the  Class  has  regu- 
larly held  meetings  on  the  day  preceding 
each  concert,  when  members  have  played 
and  analyzed  the  program  numbers  of  the 
following  day.  The  value  of  this  work 
to  the  members  can  hardly  be  over  esti- 
mated. It  has  aroused  and  stimulated  an 
interest  in  the  greatest  works  of  orchestral 
composition,  while  the  study  necessary  for 
analyzing  and  playing  these  masterpieces 
has  amounted  to  more  thai;  an  ordinary 
course  of  music  study.  The  devotion  and 
perseverance  shown  by  the  ladies  in  pre- 
paring and  presenting  these  programs, 
through  nine  consecutive  seasons,  are 
worthy  of  emulation. 

In  addition  to  the  direct  study  of  the 
Thomas  programs,  courses  in  Theory  of 
Music  have  been  given  before  the  Class 
by  Professor  P.  C.  Lutkin  and,  through  the 
season  of  1900,  a  course  in  History  of 
Music,  outlined  by  Mrs.  Coe,  was  finally 
carried  out  by  the  members.  Theodore 
Thomas,  during  his  life,  always  took  a  live- 
ly interest  in  the  work  of  the  Class,  and 
Mrs.  Thomas  has  addressed  the  members 
on  several  occasions.  Artists"  recitals,  given 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Class,  have  in- 
cluded the  Brahms  Piano  Recital  by  Mr. 
Arthur  Whiting  and  a  program  for  the 
wood-wind  instruments,  besides  a   Histori- 


cal Chamber  Alusic  Recital  given  by  mem- 
bers of  the  Chicago  Orchestra. 

The  Presidents  of  the  Thomas  Concert 
Class  have  been :  Mrs.  Curtis  H.  Remy, 
Mrs.  Charles  G.  Fuller,  Mrs.  Frank  M. 
Elliot,  Mrs.  John  R.  Lindgren,  Mrs.  H.  D. 
Cable  and  Mrs.  Newell  C.  Knight,  each  of 
whom  has  been  responsible,  in  no  small 
degree,  for  the  uniform  success  which  has 
attended  the  work  of  this  organization. 
Mrs.  C.  L.  Woodyatt  has  always  been  tha 
presiding  genius  to  whom,  more  than  to 
any  other  individual,  is  due  the  harmony 
which  has  prevailed  among  the  members 
and  the  spirit  of  helpfulness  which  has 
pervaded  each  meeting.  The  analytical 
work  of  Mrs.  Woodyatt  and  Miss  Tina  M. 
Haines  is  especially  worthy  of  mention,  as 
well  as  the  valuable  work  done  in  piano 
illustrations  by  Mrs.  William  Vance,  Mrs. 
George  Lord,  Mrs.  Knight,  Mrs.  Gold- 
schmidt,  Mrs.  John  H.  Gray,  Mrs.  John  R. 
Lindgren,  Mrs.  Underwood,  Mrs.  Hypes 
and  Mrs.  Seymour.  The  following  resume, 
prepared  by  Mrs.  Woodyatt  at  the  close  of 
the  fifth  year,  gives  a  comprehensive  idea 
of  the  work  accomplished : 

"The  Thomas  Concert  Class,  being  an 
original  venture  without  precedent  or  ex- 
ample, has  felt  its  way  along  from  its  be- 
ginning in  1896,  evolving  year  by  year  its 
own  method  of  procedure.  The  musical 
numbers  assigned  by  Mr.  Thomas  for  our 
study  do  not  afford  much  consecutive  re- 
lation from  week  to  week.  For  this  reason 
it  was  recognized,  at  the  outstart,  that  con- 
tinuity and  cohesion  could  only  be  secured 
by  giving  a  portion  of  the  time  each  morn- 
ing to  systematized  theoretical  study.  With 
so  large  a  membership,  and  one  including 
so  many  grades  of  musical  experience,  this 
has  been  perhaps  the  most  difficult  question 
we  have  had  to  meet.  Professional  instruc- 
tion can  seldom  be  adapted  to  such  mixed 
requirements,  and,  by  the  close  of  the  fourth 


28o 


LOCAL  MUSICAL  ORGANIZATIONS 


year,  we  had  pretty  well  exhausted  the 
possibilities  along  this  line,  without  enter- 
ing upon  study  of  too  technical  a  nature  to 
be  of  value  to  the  class  as  a  whole.  At  the 
same  time,  it  became  evident  that,  with  most 
of  us,  a  mass  of  detached  ideas  and 
knowledge  had  been  accumulating  which 
would  bear  crystallizing  into  symmetrical 
form. 

"With  these  facts  in  mind  the  list  of  top- 
ics was  drawn  up.  which  has  formed  the 
basis  of  the  morning  papers  for  the  year 
just  closing.  This  course,  it  was  hoped, 
would  form  a  clear  outline  of  the  history 
of  the  development  of  music.  I  am  sure 
that  I  voice  the  opinion  of  the  Class  in  say- 
ing, that  this  hope  has  been  justified,  and 
that  the  papers  of  this  series  have,  told — 
and  told  well — the  story  of  music's  growth 
from  the  primitive  utterance  of  emotion 
in  the  savage,  down  through  the  centuries, 
until  it  has  become  the  art  we  know  to-day. 
The  first  paper  was  ably  given  by  ]\Irs. 
Coe,  to  whose  interest  and  experience  we 
are  indebted  for  the  arrangement  of  the  list 
of  subjects.  A  few  weeks  later,  in  Novem- 
ber, we  had  the  pleasure  of  listening  to  a 
beautiful  essay  upon  the  period  of  the 
Troubadours,  generously  given  to  us  bv 
Miss  Lunt.  In  January  and  in  March  im- 
portant topics  of  the  course  were  treated 
by  Professor  Liitkin.  whose  unfailing  read- 
iness to  respond  when  occasions  call  for 
his  assistance,  has  been  of  immeasurable 
value  to  us  throughout  our  five  years'  ex- 
perience. The  second  of  these  lectures — I 
refer  to  the  one  upon  the  'Representative 
German  Composers  of  the  19th  Century,' 
in  which  he  summarized  and  contrasted  the 
influence  of  the  great  masters  upon  the 
development  of  the  art — was  the  product 
of  a  comprehensive  and  keenly  discriminat- 
ing mind.  The  last  paper  of  the  course  was 
given  by  ]\Irs.  Theodore  Thomas  in  the 
form   of   a   resume   of   musical   production 


in  this  country,  particularly  during  Colonial 
and  Revolutionary  times.  The  remaining 
twelve  papers  were  written  and  read  by 
members  of  the  Class.  To  the  gifted  women 
who  have  loyally  and  skillfully  carried  this 
course  through  without  a  single  interrup- 
tion, we  cannot  too  warmly  express  our 
gratitude  and  appreciation,  sentiments  not 
unmixed  with  pride. 

'"Taking  the  courses  collectively,  they  rep- 
resent an  immense  amount  of  faithful  re- 
search and  study.  The  cream  of  all  this 
reading  has  been  placed  before  us  from 
week  to  week,  and  has  afforded  those  in 
regular  attendance  such  an  understanding 
of  the  general  subject  as  could  have  been 
obtained  only  by  the  devotion  of  a  large 
amount  of  time  to  the  exclusive  study  of 
Musical  History,  while  the  variety  af- 
forded by  the  methods  of  the  dift'erent  es- 
sayists has  added  great  interest  and  unfail- 
ing charm.  To  those  who  have  been  with 
the  class  from  the  first,  a  glance  at  what 
has  been  accomplished  during  the  five  years 
cannot  fail  to  afford  deep  satisfaction.  In 
1896,  when,  through  the  enthusiasm  and 
personal  effort  of  Mrs.  Edward  Wyman,  the 
little  band  was  marshalled,  in  closing  her 
remarks  at  the  introductory  meeting,  I  re- 
member that  she  said,  'of  course  we  have 
high  hopes.'  A  group  of  vi'omen  holding 
subscriptions  to  the  concerts  of  one  of  the 
greatest  orchestras  the  world  has  ever 
known,  unite  into  a  class  with  the  purpose 
of  becoming  better  fitted  to  appreciate  this 
beautiful  music.  With  this  single  aim  they 
meet,  each  gladly  giving  to  the  others  what- 
ever she  can  perform,  whether  of  artistic 
eft'ort  or  of  the  silent  inspiration  of  the 
listener.  These  are  the  simple  conditions. 
But  which  of  us  can  measure  the  growth 
in  herself  resulting  from  the  interchange? 
— and,  in  the  community  in  which  we  are 
a  part,  it  is  said  that  our  influence  is  wide  ; 
that  we  occupy  a  position  of  responsibility. 


Jl 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


281 


Mav  we  continue  to  realize  our  supreme 
privilege  of  listening  to  the  greatest  music 
of  the  centuries  under  the  leadership  of  the 
greatest  of  living  conductors.  May  we 
continue  to  hold  to  the  'high  hopes'  with 
which  we  began,  always  mindful  that  such 
measure  of  success  as  has  been  ours,  has 
been  in  exact  ratio  to  our  obedience  to  the 
divine  law  which  orders  all  of  Giving  and 
Receiving." 

During  the  past  three  years,  in  addition 
to  the  study  of  the  Thomas  programs,  the 
subject  of  chamber  music  has  been  taken  up 
under  the  direction  of  Professor  Harold 
Knapp. 

Music  Department  of  the  Evanston 
Woman's  Club. — In  1897  i*^  '^^'^s  decided  to 
add  a  Music  Department  to  the  other  thriv- 
ing departments  of  the  Evanston  Woman's 
Club.  Mrs.  H.  D.  Cable  was  made  chair- 
man and  Mrs.  Coe  was  engaged,  during  the 
first  season,  to  give  a  series  of  illustrated 
lectures  on  musical  topics.  The  second 
season's  work  consisted  of  miscellaneous 
programs.  In  1899  Mrs.  Coe  was  made 
iMusical  Director  of  the  department,  a 
position  which  she  held  for  three  years. 
During  that  period  she  planned  in  detail  all 
of  the  work  of  the  department,  personally 
superintending  the  presentation  of  each  pro- 
gram. Through  the  season,  1899-1900,  a 
unic|ue  course  was  carried  out,  devoted  ex- 
clusively to  the  compositions  of  women. 
Several  of  the  composers  themselves  took 
a  lively  interest  in  the  work,  and  letters 
of  encouragement  and  appreciation  were 
received  from  Mrs.  H.  H.  A.  Beach  and 
Cecile  Chaminade. 

The  following  programs  were  given : 
JANUARY  9,   1900. 

Lecture — "Women  Composers" Mrs.   Crosby  Adams 

Vocal  Illustrations Miss  Una  Howell 

PROGRAM 

Where  Go  The  Boats? ) 

The  Swing \ Eleanor   Smith 

Cliristmas    Song J 

Pleading i 

Welcome / Marguerite   Melville 

Hope ) 


Ghosts 

Night ; [.  .  .  Margaret   Ruthven    Lang 

Lydia ) 

"Look  out,    O    Love" Clara   Kathleen    Rogers 

The  Sprnig  Has   Come \ 

To   Mary ■ Maude  Valerie  White 

The   Throstle ) 

TUESD.AY,  FEBRUARY  1 3,  ID  A.   M. 

Clara   Schumann 

Paper Mrs.   W.   M.    Green 

Piano — Scherzo Miss    Elizabeth    Raymond 

Two    Songs Miss   Whitehead 

Piano — Andante  and  Allegro Miss   Grace   Erickson 

Fanny    Mendelssohn 

Paper Mrs.    F.    B.   Dyche 

Piano — Caprices Miss    Edna    Flesheim 

Two   Songs Miss   Florence  Stevens 

MARCH    13,    1900. 

Jessie   L.   Gaynor 

Sketch  of  Work  in  Composition Mrs.   Gaynor 

Selections  from  "Songs  from  the  Child  W^orld" .  .  .  Gaynor 

L'Enfant. 

If   I   Were  a  Bee. 

I-lush-a-Bye,    Baby    Dear. 

If    I    Knew. 

The    Wind    Went    W'ooing   the    Rose. 

Because   She   Kissed   it. 

A    Valentine. 

Discontented    Duckling. 

Slumber    Boat. 

Japanese    Doll. 

Fire    Flies. 

Jerushy. 

Spring  Song. 
Accompanist,   Mr.    F.    F.    Beale. 

APRIL   10,  igoo. 

Mrs.    H.    H.   A.    Beach 

Paper Mrs.    T.    P.    Stanwood 

^™J|g^ J.. Miss    Louise   E.    Whitehead 

Piano.   "Fireflies" iliss   Mabel   Dunn 

Dearie / 

Scottish   Cradle   Song r  Miss    .Mta    Miller 

Oh.  Were   My   Love  You   Lilac   Fair.- 

Personal    Letter   to    the    Club Mrs.    Beach 

Read  by   Mrs.    George   A.    Coe 

Forgotten Miss    Louise   E.    Whitehead 

Piano — "Phantoms" Miss    Grace    Erickson 

Wouldn't    That    be    Queer?,  j ^j       ^,       j^jj,, 

The    \  ear  s   at    the    ^>pring.  .  i 

Piano    and     Violin,     Sonata,    op.    34.    Allegro    Moderate 
Miss   Edna    Eversz   and   Mr.    W.    G.    Logan 

MAY    22.    1900. 

Cecile  Chaminade 
Short  Sketches  of  Life  and  Work... Mrs.  George  A.   Coe 

Dense    Pastorale ) 

Scarf    Dance ^ Mrs.    Irene   Stevens 

Cahrrboe ^ 

Vocal — Sombrero Mr.    Alfred   D.    Shaw 

The  Flatterer Mrs.  W.  H.  Knapp 

Pi°e"re«;.^:."'.'".°."'.- .■.■.■.•.■.■.■  .-.I Miss  Edna  Eversz 

Vocal — "Veins,   Mon   Eien   Aime" 

Miss    Winifred    Nightingale 

Two    Pianos — **Le    Soir" Mrs.    John    R.    Lindgren 

"Le  Matin".  .  .Miss   Harriet    Engle    Brown 

Vocal— (a)   Serenade }  ,r       ah^-j    T)     ci,-^, 

(b-)   Ville  Chanson...  i ^^^'^-    '^'*^^^    ^-    ^^'^"^ 

Concert    Study — "Autumn" Miss    Edna    Flesheim 

Vocal— "Ritournelle" Miss    Winifred    Nightingale 

Concertstuck Miss    Carrie    Holbrook 

Orchestral  Accompaniment  on  Second  Piano,  Mrs. 
George  A.   Coe. 

Through  the  season  of  1900-1901  the  fol- 
lowing  programs    were   given,   devoted   to 

American  composers : 


282 


LOCAL  MUSICAL  ORGANIZATIONS 


JANUARY  8,    I9OI. 

Paper Mrs.    Chancellor   Jenks,   Jr. 

William    Mason 

Piano— Amitie  pour  Amitie.    ( ^jj^^  (^^^^^   Erickson 

Improvisation ) 

John  Knowles  Paine 

Vocal— The   Matin    Song.  ...I mj^^    ^Ita    Miller 

I    Wore    lour   Koses  ) 

Piano — Nocturne,    op.    4'} Miss    Elizabeth    Raymond 

Dudley  Buck 
Vocal — Spring's  Awakening.  .  .Miss  Louise  E.  Whitehead 
Piano — By  the  Brookside.  op.  8,  No.  2. Miss  Mabel  Dunn 

Vocal — Sunset 

Where   Did  You  Come   From, 

Baby   Dear ... j      jvliss    Alta   Miller 

When  the   Heart  is   \oung.  I 

Salve    Regina Miss    Whitehead 

George  Whitfield  Chadwick 

Vocal— The   Danza.  ........ J Miss    Miller 

Oh,    Let    Night   Speak   to   Me.   * 
Piano— Irish    Melody..............; Miss    Dunn 

Scherzino,    op.     (,    No.    o.  .  .  > 

He    Loves    Me / 

Allah I     . .  .Miss  Whitehead 

Sings  the  Nightingale  to  the  Rose, 


\ 


FEBRUARY     12,     I902. 

i' 
[ 


Suite     Cliaracteristique Arne     Oldberg 

Au    Revoir 1 

White  Caps 

Revery !-    Mr.    Oldberg 

Song  to  the  Moon I 

Le  retour J 

"The  Child  and   His   Music."     An   Illustrated  Talk 

Mr.    W.    H.    Neidlinger 

MARCH    12,    I9OI. 

Illustrated  lecture  on  'The  National  Music  of  America." 
Mr.  Louis  C.  Elson,  Professor  of  Musical  Theory  and 
Lecturer  on  the  Orchestra  and  on  Musical  History 
in  the  New  England  Conservatory  of  Music,  Boston, 
Mass. 

APRIL   9,    I9OI. 

Arthur  W.   Foote 

Paper Mrs.    William  A.   Dyche 

Piano — Suite,  D.  minor ] 

Prelude   and   Fugue.    }        ■»,        ^\T•^^■         r      \t 

Romance ...   I    ■  ■^'^-    William    L.    Vance 

Capriccio J 

Vocal — Through  the  Long  Days     i 

and   Years (  Miss  Margaret  Easter 

On  the  Way  to   Kew * 

Piano — Selections    from    Poems    (after    Omar   Khay- 
yam   Mrs.    George   A.    Coe 

Vocal — !Memmon 1 

Vm    Wearing    Awa [■ Miss   Easter 


Sweetheart . 

Piano  and  Violin— Sonata,  G  minor. 

Allegro    Appassionata. 

Alia  Siciliano. 

Adagio. 

Allegro  Molto. 
Miss  Elizabeth  Raymond  and  Mr.  Lewis  Blackman 

MAY   28,    I9OI. 

Edward  A.   MacDowell 
Short    Talk    on    the    Composer     with    selections    from 

Sea    Pieces Mrs.    George   A.    Coe 

Piano — The    Witches*    Dance Miss    Mabel    Dunn 

li^^r^f^tion:.-.-;;;;;:;;:;;!  -m-  wmiam  l.  vance 

Ma'rTh' -Wind.- .•.■.•.•.•.•.■.■.■  .•.■.•.■(    «'==  Grace  Erickson 

Songs   to  be  selected Miss  Annie   Louise   Daniels 

Czardas Mrs.   William  L.   Vance 

In  view  of  the  activity  along  musical  lines 
throughout  the  various  organizations  of 
women,   it  is  a  matter  of  especial  interest 


to  note  the  following  opinion  expressed  in 
a  private  letter  by  the  eminent  American 
composer,  Mr.  Arthur  Foote,  of  Boston: 

"From  circumstances,  I  am  more  ac- 
quainted with  the  work  done  by  those  clubs 
than  most  people  right  here,  and  I  do  not 
hesitate  to  give  my  belief  that  the  most 
efficient  factor  for  music  in  America  now 
is  just  that  done  by  those  clubs,  chiefly, 
naturally,  in  the  Middle  West,  although 
there  has  been  a  surprising  and  healthful 
growth  in  the  same  direction  about  here ; 
but,  run  as  they  are,  generally  by  level- 
headed and  truly  musical  people,  their  ef- 
fect, I  firmly  believe,  will  be  more  than 
either  of  us  can  imagine  in  the  next  twenty 
years." 

During  the  season  of  1901-1902  the 
Music  Section  of  the  Evanston  Woman's 
Club,  under  the  direction  of  Mrs.  Coe, 
carried  out  the  following  Historical  and 
Analytical  Course : 

JANUARY  14.  1902. 

Lecture    Recital — "Primitive    Music" 

Mrs.    George    A.    Coe 

Vocal     Illustrations Miss     Louise     Whitehead 

The    Development    from    Crude    Beginnings    among    the 

Savages  to  the  Attempts  of  the  Early  Christians. 
Beginnings    of    Folk    Music. 
Development    of    the    Scale. 
The   Music   of    the    Chinese,   Japanese,    and    Hindoos. 

MUSICAL    ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Japanese  and  Hindoo  Songs 
Negro  Folk  Songs 

The   Lady   Picking   Mulberries Edgar  S.    Kelley 

(Written   on    Chinese   scale.) 
Suite    for   Piano — "Miniatures    in    Chinese    Colors'*.... 

Lillian    Statson   Miller 

Movement    from    Chinese    Suite    for    Orchestra 

Edgar    S.    Kelley 

JANUARY  28,    1902. 

Lecture    Recital — "Music   of  the   American    Indians".... 

Mrs.     George     A.     Coe 

Vocal    Illustrations Miss    Marj^    Florence    Steve 

Indian    Legends,    Superstitions    and    Sense    of    Musical 

Rhythm. 
Scalping  Songs,   Prayers,   Cradle   Songs. 
Songs  of  Joy  and   Sorrow. 

FEBRUARY    II,    I9O2. 

MUSIC   OF  THE  GREEKS. 

The    Greek    Drama Mrs.    Doremus    A.    Haves 

The    Greek    Music    System Mrs.    George    A.    Coe 

Musical    Illustrations Mr.    Arthur   Burton 

FEBRUARY  25,    I902. 

Development    of    Church    Music  (from    Ambrose    and 

Gregory    to    beginning    of    the  Netherland    School). 
Music  in  the  Bible. 

Musical    Attempts    of    the    Early  Christians. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


28.^ 


Paper Mrs.    C.    D.    B.    Howell 

Musical  Analysis,  including  Development  of  Notation.. 

Mrs.    Coe 

Vocal  Illustrations  of  Ambrosian  and  Gregorian  Chants 

and   Hebrew   Hymns Mrs.   H.   \V.    Knapp 

MARCH   II,  1902. 

Lecture  Kecital — "History  of  Folk  Music" 

Mrs.    Joseph    W.    Hines 

Folk    Songs   of    Scandinavia. 
Russian   and   Slavic   Songs. 

MARCH    25,     1902. 

"EPOCH   OF  THE   NETHERLANDERS" 
Papers  by  Mrs.   E.   L.   Harpham  and  Miss   Elizabeth  P. 

Clarke. 

Musical    Illustrations    by    Vocal    Quartette    under    the 

direction  of  Miss  Tina  Mae  Haines. 

APRIL  8,    1902. 

THE  OPERA. 
Italy — Peri   to   Verdi. 
France — Beaujoyeux   to    Gounod. 
Germany — Kaiser   to    Wagner. 
England — Purcell  to  Handel. 

Paper Mrs.    Homer   H.    Kingsley 

Vpcal  Illustrations Mr.   .'\.  D.   Shaw  and  Mrs.   Smith 

Piano    Numbers Miss    Grace    Ericson,    Miss    Marion 

Titus  and  Miss   Hoff. 

APRIL  22,    1902. 

Analytical    Lecture   on   Wagner's   "Siegfried,"    with   illus- 
trations from  the   score Mrs.    George   A.    Coe 

MAY    13,     1902, 

THE  ORATORIO. 

Papers. 

Oratorio  in  Italy Mrs.  W.   A.   Illsley 

Oratorio    in    Germany Mrs.     E.    W.    Goldschmidt 

Oratorio   in    England Miss    Mary    B.    Lindsay' 

Vocal    Illustrations Mr.    Conrad    Kimball 

Piano    Illustrations 

Mrs.   Goldschmidt  and  Mrs.   W.   F.    Hypes 

MAY   27,    1902. 

Lecture   Recital — "Spanish   Folk   Music" 

Senora    Blanca   de   Freyre  Tibbits 

Work  of  Woman's  Club. — The  follow- 
ing resume  of  the  three  season's  work  was 
prepared  by  Miss  Tina  Mae  Haines: 

"An  inquiry  into  the  cause  of  the  steady 
growth  of  general  culture  among  an  in- 
dustrial busy  people  would  reveal  the  pres- 
ence of  a  multitude  of  important  forces, 
all  working  toward  a  broader  and  deeper 
knowledge  of  the  arts  and  sciences.  One 
of  these  important  forces  is  the  universal 
spirit  of  investigation  which  continually 
asks  to  know  why  things  are  as  they  are ; 
that  spirit  which  insists  upon  dissecting 
the  component  parts  of  everything — which 
probes  into  the  very  mind  and  heart  of 
every  one  who  has  given  a  part  of  his  best 
self  to  the  world — the  spirit  which  seeks  to 


uncover  the  mysteries  of  creative  power 
itself. 

"Music,  the  most  elusive  of  all  the  arts, 
has  not  escaped  this  microscopic  examina- 
tion. It  is  only  within  recent  years,  how- 
ever, that  the  general  public  has  shown  any 
perceptible  desire  to  really  understand  the 
science  of  music.  It  has  been  content  to 
have  its  ears  tickled  and  its  feet  inspired, 
to  declare  one's  self  fond  of  music  meant 
simply  that  one  was  fond  of  the  'tune.' 
The  number  of  such  is  steadily  diminishing, 
and  moreover  the  time  is  rapidly  passing, 
when  a  musician,  who  knows  nothing  but 
his  music,  can  pass  muster. 

"The  better  class  of  conservatories,  the 
establishment  of  orchestras  and  organiza- 
tions for  the  analytical  study  of  orchestral 
literature,  the  appearance  on  the  scenes  of 
competent  musical  lecturers,  and  the  exer- 
tions of  our  impressarios  to  appeal  to  the 
cultivated  musical  palate,  are  all  large  fac- 
tors in  contributing  to  a  more  intelligent 
comprehension  of  music  as  an  art,  and  not 
merely  as  a  form  of  entertainment.  With- 
in the  past  few  years  these  forces  have  re- 
ceived powerful  impetus  from  the  vari- 
ous women's  clubs,  many  of  which  have  in- 
corporated in  their  courses  of  study  depart- 
ments of  music. 

"The  Woman's  Club  of  Evanston  is  a 
notable  example.  It  has  just  completed 
the  tliird  year  of  a  splendidly-conceived 
and  well  carried  out  course  of  study.  The 
club  showed  excellent  judgment  in  engag- 
ing ^Irs.  George  Coe  for  the  musical  direc- 
tor, and  the  wisdom  of  the  selection  has  long 
since  been  proved  by  the  steady  growth  of 
the  department  and  the  increasing  interest 
in  the  examination  of  the  course  of  study 
shows  the  extensive  scope  of  the  work  un- 
dertaken. During  the  season  of  1899  and 
1900  the  general  subject  was,  'Woman  in 
Composition,  and  special  features  were  an 
illustrated  lecture  talk  by  Mrs.  Jessie  Gay- 


284 


LOCAL  MUSICAL  ORGANIZATIONS 


nor  of  'Methods  of  Work  in  Composition.' 
The  subject  of  the  study  course,  during  the 
season  of  1900  and  1901,  was  'American 
Composers."  Among  other  interesting 
things.  ]\Ir.  Louis  C.  Elson,  of  Boston,  gave 
an  illustrated  lecture  on  'The  National 
]\Iusic  of  America.'  and  Mr.  W.  H.  Neid- 
linger  gave  a  talk  on  'Children's  Songs." 

"The  series  running  through  the  season 
just  closed  has  been  devoted  to  the  study  of 
the  development  of  music  from  its  earliest 
beginnings.  Alany  well-known  soloists 
have  furnished  illustrations  for  the  various 
programs.  Some  of  the  papers  were  pre- 
pared by  members  of  the  club,  and  Mrs. 
Coe  herself,  besides  contributing  a  number 
of  lectures  and  papers,  has  added  to  every 
program  from  her  ample  store  of  informa- 
tion. 

"Mrs.  Coe.  in  preparing  her  lectures,  has 
added  to  her  wide  experience  as  a  teacher 
and  her  thorough  knowledge  of  the  general 
history  of  music,  a  detailed  study  of  the  de- 
velopment of  music  among  all  nationalities, 
sparing  no  pains  to  secure  rare  and  authen- 
tic material ;  and  those  who  have  heard 
these  lectures,  fully  realize  the  careful  selec- 
tion of  interesting  matter,  the  absence  of 
superfluous  details  and  the  artistic  and  logi- 
cal arrangement  of  the  information  so  care- 
fully gleaned.  ]\Irs.  Coe  should  have  the 
satisfaction  of  feeling  that,  in  addition  to 
interesting  and  entertaining  her  auditors, 
she  is  wielding  an  educational  influence  of 
immeasurable  value  and  stimulating  a  de- 
sire for  a  more  sincere  study  of  the  science 
of  music." 

During  the  season  of  1902- 1903,  a  series 
of  lecture  recitals  was  given  before  the 
club  by  Madam  de  Roode  Rice.  During 
1903-1904  a  series  of  miscellaneous  pro- 
grams was  given,  including  the  first  public 
performance  of  the  "Melodrama  of  Hiawa- 
tha" for  speaking  voice  and  piano  by  Saidee 
Knowland    Coe.   given   with   the   composer 


at  the  piano  and  Miss  Mae  Neal,  reader.  A 
series  of  interesting  and  instructive  lecture- 
recitals  has  been  given  the  past  season  by 
!Miss  Tina  [Mae  Haines,  who  is  to  furnish 
another  course  next  winter. 

The  Evanston  Musical  Club. — One 
great  cause  of  encouragement  in  the  musi- 
cal development  of  America  is  the  broad- 
ening of  general  education  to  include  some 
knowledge  of  the  fine  arts,  notably  music, 
and  a  corresponding  enlargement  of  musi- 
cal training  to  include  culture  along  literary 
and  scientific  lines.  It  follows,  therefore, 
that  in  towns  where  are  situated  colleges 
or  universities  of  importance,  one  may,  at 
the  present  time,  as  confidently  expect  to 
become  acquainted  with  some  at  least  of  the 
masterpieces  of  music  as  with  the  great 
works  of  literature. 

That  the  Evanston  ^lusical  Club  has  done 
real  musical  culture  work  no  one  can  doubt 
who  has  watched  its  progress  during  the 
last  few  years  and  noted  the  number  of 
new,  as  well  as  standard,  works  that  have 
been  brought  to  the  attention  of  many  per- 
sons who,  perhaps  otherwise,  would  never 
have  heard  them.  One  cause  for  congrat- 
ulation in  the  work  of  the  club  is  that  the 
audiences  are  not  made  up  solely  of  people 
sated  with  musical  opportunities.  The  con- 
certs prove  a  musical  feast  for  many  stu- 
dents and  others  whose  opportunities  for 
hearing  great  choral  works  have  been  very 
limited. 

The  following  "Retrospective."'  pub- 
lished by  officers  of  the  club,  gives  a  history 
of  its  start  and  first  four  seasons'  work: 

"In  1894  a  Msennerchor  of  twenty  voices 
was  organized  in  the  Country  Club,  under 
the  direction  of  Professor  P.  C.  Lutkin, 
and  gave  its  first  concert  at  the  club  house 
on  November  30th,  with  ]\Iax  Bendix 
violinist,  and  Miss  Fanchon  Thompson, 
contralto,  as  soloist.  The  same  program 
was  repeated  at  the  Congregational  church 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


285 


and  was  the  first  public  performance  of  the 
Evanston  Musical  Club.  In  the  meantime, 
a  ladies'  auxiliary  chorus  was  formed, 
which  also  gave  a  concert  at  the  Country 
Club.  On  February  19,  1895,  the  two  or- 
ganizations united  in  a  public  performance 
at  the  Congregational  church,  with  Francis 
Walker,  baritone,  and  Frederick  Archer, 
organist,  as  soloists.  On  May  7th  an  ora- 
torio was  attempted,  and  Sullivan's  "Prod- 
igal Son"  was  given  with  a  quartette  of 
home  talent.  The  full  chorus  had  grown  to 
ninety  voices  and.  largely  through  the  ef- 
forts of  the  first  President,  Mr.  John  R. 
Lindgren,  an  associate  member  list  of  sixty- 
six  was  secured. 

"The  work  of  the  Club  had  given  so 
much  pleasure  and  satisfaction  that  more 
pretentious  plans  were  laid  for  the  coming 
season.  The  concerts  were  all  given  at  the 
Congregational  church,  beginning  with  the 
Msennerchor  on  November  12,  assisted  by 
Bruno  Steindel,  'cellist.  On  December  17th 
the  first  performance  of  the  'Messiah'  was 
given  and  met  with  hearty  approval.  The 
solo  quartette  consisted  of  Miss  Anita  Mui- 
doon,  of  Cincinnati,  ■Mrs.  Anna  Rommeis 
Thacker,  Mr.  Walter  Root  and  Mr.  William 
Richards.  A  Part-song  Concert  was  next 
given  on  February  7,  1896,  with  Mme. 
Lillian  Blauvelt.  The  crowning  feature  of 
the  year  was  the  performance  of  'Elijah,' 
on  April  24,  \\ith  Mrs.  Janet  Boyd 
Brown,  ?klrs.  Foresman  Bagg,  }ilr.  William 
F.  Hypes,  and  Mr.  Plunkett  Greene,  as 
solo  quartette.  At  both  oratorios  Mr.  Clar- 
ence Dickinson  presided  at  the  organ.  At 
the  end  of  the  season  the  active  members 
numbered  over  one  hundred,  and  the  asso- 
ciate members  eighty-nine. 

"With  its  third  season  the  Club  adopted 
its  present  policy  of  giving  three  concerts 
annually — the  'Messiah'  at  Christmas  tide, 
a  Part-song  Concert,  with  an  eminent  solo- 
ist,  in   Februarv,   and   a  great   oratorio   in 


April.  The  new  season  was  inaugurated 
with  the  first  appearance  of  an  orchestra, 
and  to  provide  the  necessary  stage-room, 
and  also  to  accommodate  the  increasing  at- 
tendance, the  concerts  of  the  Club  were 
transferred  to  the  First  Methodist  church, 
where  they  have  since  been  held.  The  per- 
formance of  the  Messiah,  with  its  proper 
orchestral  setting,  created  much  enthusiasm 
and  received  high  praise  from  Chicago 
critics.  The  solo  quartette  included  Miss 
Helen  Buckley,  Mrs.  Anna  Rommeis 
Thacker.  \\'illiam  J.  Brown,  and  Charles 
W.  Clark.  The  following  artists  assisted 
at  the  Part-song  Concert:  Mile.  Alice 
Verlet,  from  the  Paris  Opera  Comique,  and 
Mr.  Leo  Stern,  'cellist,  from  London.  The 
season  closed  with  a  successful  perform- 
ance of  Haydn's  'Creation,'  with  orchestra, 
and  Miss  Helen  Buckley.  William  F.  Hypes 
and  George  Ellsworth  Holmes  as  soloists. 
The  chorus  now  numbered  one  hundred  and 
twenty  members,  and  there  were  about  an 
equal  number  of  associate  members. 

"The  high  standard  the  Club  had  set  for 
its  'Messiah'  performance  was  fully  main- 
tained at  the  opening  concert  of  the  fourth 
season.  The  assisting  artists  were  Mrs. 
Genevieve  Clark  Wilson,  Mrs.  Sue  Harring- 
ton Furbeck,  Mr.  George  Hamlin  and  Mr. 
Lewis  Campion.  M.  Henry  Marteau,  the 
eminent  violinist,  was  the  attraction  at  the 
Part-song  Concert.  In  place  of  the  usual 
oratorio  at  the  last  concert,  an  English 
Idyl,  entitled  'St.  John's  Eve,'  for  solo, 
chorus  and  orchestra,  was  given  with  Mrs. 
Proctor  Smith,  Mrs.  Christine  Neilson 
Drier.  George  Hamlin  and  Sidney  Biden  in 
the  solo  parts.  So  great  was  the  enjoyment 
in  this  beautiful  work  that  a  repetition  was 
demanded.  A  second  performance  was 
given  for  a  worthy  charitable  object.  Miss 
Folia  Carpenter  and  Mr.  William  Hypes 
replacing  Mrs.  Drier  and  Mr.  Hamlin.  The 
chorus  had  increased  to  one  hundred  and 


286 


LOCAL  MUSICAL  ORGANIZATIONS 


thirty  members  and  the  associate  members 
to  nearly  one  hundred  and  fifty." 

During  the  succeeding  years  the  follow- 
ing programs  have  been  presented: 

FIFTH   SEASON. 
DECEMBER     I3.     1898. 

"THE  MESSIAH." 

Miss  Jennie  Osborn,  Soprano ;  Mrs.  Sue  Harrington 
Furbeck,  Contralto;  Mr.  Holmes  Cowper,  Tenor;  Mr. 
Charles  W.  Clark,  Bass;  Mr.  Curtis  A.  Barry,  Organist. 

FEBRUARY    23,     iSQQ. 

PART    SONG    CONCERT. 

Soloists — Mr.    Bruno    Steindel,    Violoncello ;     Mr.    Holmes 

Cowper,  Tenor. 
Accompanists — Mrs.    Bruno    Steindel ;    Mr.    Elias    Arnold 

Bredin, 

PROGRAM. 

Cantata— "The    Pilgrims" G.    W.    Chadwick 

Evanston   Musical   Club. 

Le     Desir Servais 

Mr.    Steindel. 

Anthem    for   Tenor    Solo    and    Chorus P.    C.    Lutkin 

Mr.  Cowper  and  Evanston  Musical  Club. 
The    Elizabethan    Madrigals C.    Williers    Stanford 

Evanston   Musical   Club. 
Polonaise   for  Piano  and   'Cello Chopin 

Mr.     and    Mrs.     Steindel. 
Winter     Days Caldcott 

Evanston   Musical   Club. 

Homewards Rheinberger 

Ladies'   Chorus. 

Hunting    Songs 

Two    Lovers Hecht 

Evanston  Musical  Club. 

Adagio Mozart 

Taran  telle     Popper 

Mr.    Steindel. 
The  Song  of  the  Vikings Eaton   Fanning 

Evanston   Musical   Club. 

APRIL  28,    1899. 

MENDELSSOHN    FESTIVAL. 

Miss  Jennie  Osborn,  Soprano ;  Miss  Alton  Littleton 
Smith,  Soprano ;  Mr.  George  Hamlin,  Tenor ;  Miss 
Una    Howell,    Pianist. 

PROGRAM. 

Concerto  for  Piano  and  Orchestra,  op.   2o 

Miss    Lrna    Howell 

Motette — "Hear  My   Prayer".  Miss  Osborn  and  Evanston 

Musical  Club. 
A    Hymn   of    Praise. 

SIXTH  SEASON. 

DECEMBER    I4,    1899. 

"The     Messiah" Handel 

Soloists — Mrs.     Sanger     Steele,     Soprano ;     Miss    Mabelle 

Crawford.    Alto;    Mr.    Glenn   Hall,    Tenor;    Mr.   Arthur 

Van    Eweyk,   Basso. 

JANUARY  2,   1900. 

Northwestern    University    Settlement,    Chicago. 

"The  Messiah"    Handel 

Soloists^ — Mrs.     Sanger     Steele,     Soprano ;     Miss     Mabelle 

Crawford,     Contralto;     Mr.     Glenn    Hall,     Tenor;     Mr. 

Harry    R.    Parsons.   Basso. 

FEBRUARY    5,    I9OO. 

PART    SONG    CONCERT. 

Soloists — Leonora  Jackson,  Violinist. 

(Mr.    Ernest  H.  Jackson.  Accompanist.) 
Incidental  solos  by  Mrs.  Alton  Littleton  Smith,  Soprano; 
Harry     R.     Parsons,     Basso;     Russell    Wilbur,     Tenor; 
William    A.    Stacey.    Baritone. 

H.    M.    Tilroe,    Reader. 


PROGRAM. 

1.  Gallia,  Motette  for  Soprano  Solo  and  Chorus.  .Gounod 

Solo — Mrs,    Smith. 

2.  Chaconne,    for    Violin    alone Bach 

Miss  Jackson 

3.  Two  Part  Songs  for  Ladies'   Voices — 

a     In    Spring Bargeel 

b     Cradle    Song Gilbert    A.    Alcock 

4.  Two    Part   Songs,   for  Mixed   Voices — 

a     Madrigal — *'  The    Miller's    I^aughter" 

Horace    Ellis 

b     Full    Fathom    Five Charles   Wood 

5.  Violin    Solos — 

a     Nocturne.   D  flat Chopin  Sarasate 

Humoresque Tschaikowsky 

c     Dance Brahms-Joachim 

6.  Six  Ancient   Folk   Songs  of  the  Netherlands — (A.   D. 
1G20)    arranged   by E.    Kremser 

For    Maennerchor,    Baritone    and    Tenor    Solos 

7.  Chorus,    for    Ladies'    Voices    and    Soprano 

The     Sailors'     Christmas Chaminade 

Solo Mrs.      Smith 

8.  Ballad,    for    Baritone  and   Chorus — 

Young    Lochinvar Liza    Lehmann 

Solo Mrs.     Stacey 

9.  Violin   Solo — Hungarian  Themes   with   Variations.  . . . 
Ernst 

Miss  Jackson 

10.  Two- Part    Songs    for    Alixed    Chorus — 

a     Evening   and   Morning   Hymn Rheinberger 

b     Gypsy     Life Schumann 

APRIL  27,    1900. 

The     Elijah Mendelssohn 

Soloists — Mrs.    Genevieve    Clark    Wilson,    Soprano ;    Mrs. 

Sue    Harrington    Furbeck.    Alto;    Mr.    George    Hamlin, 

Tenor;  Mr.   Charles  W.   Clark.   Basso. 

Wilson    Reed,   Soprano    (The   Youth). 

Richard    Uhlemann,    Mezzo    Soprano. 

Armand    Peycke,   Alto. 

SEVENTH    SEASON. 


DECEMBER    1 8,     I9OO. 


The     Messiah Handel 

Soloists — Mrs.  Jennie  Fish  Griffin,  Soprano;  Miss  Mabelle 

Crawford,    Alto ;    Mr.    Frederick    Carberry,    Tenor ;    Mr. 

Charles   W.    Clark,    Basso. 

FEBRUARY    I9,     I9OI. 
PART    SONG    CONCERT. 


Soloists — Madame    Fannie    Bloomfield    Zeisler, 
Mr.  Chauncey   Earle   Bryant,  Tenor. 


Pianiste; 


PROGRAM. 


.  ) 


..Gounod 


Credo 

Sanctus — From    St.    Cecilia    Mass.  i 
Piano   Solos — 

a     "Hark,  hark,  the  lark" Schubert 

(Translated    for    Piano    by    Liszt). 

b.     Marche    Militaire .Schubert 

(Duet   arranged   as  a   solo   by   Tausig). 
Mme.    Zeisler, 
Part  Song  for  Mixed  V'oices. 

"When    Spring    Comes    Laughing" ...  .Eaton    Fanning 
The   Twenty-third    Psalm,    for    Ladies'    Voices — 

"The     Lord     is     my     Shepherd" Schubert 

Piano   Solos — 

Berceuse,    op.    57 1 

Etude,  op.    10,   No.   4...   j.    Chopin 

Valse,  op.  64,  No.  1 I 

Valse,   op.   &4,   No.    2.  ..     I 

Mme.   Zeisler 
Two   Part    Songs,   for   Mixed   Voices — 

Two    Maidens P.    C.    Lutkin 

(Dedicated   to   the   Apollo   Musical    Club). 

The    Babbling    Brook P.    C.    Lutkin 

(Dedicated   to   the    Evanston   Musical   Club.) 
7.     Two   Part  Songs,  for  Mixed   Voices — 

a      Spring.  . ^^ 

b     Lover  s    CounseL  ... 
Piano    Solos — Liebestraum    (Nocturne,    No.    31).... Liszt 

Caprice   Espagnole,   op.   37    Moszkowski 

Mme.    Zeisler. 
9.     March  and  Chorus  from  Tannhauser. 


6, 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


287 


APRIL  21,    I9OI. 

CENTRAL    MUSIC    HA1.L,    CHICAGO. 
"The     Elijah" Mendelssohn 

By    the    combined    Evanston    and    Ravens  wood    Clubs, 
under  the  direction  of   Professor   P.    C.   Lutkin. 
Soloists — Mrs.    Genevieve    Clark    Wilson,    Soprano ;    Miss 

Elaine   De   Sellem,    Alto ;    Mr.    George   Hamlin,   Tenor ; 

Mr.    Charles    W.    Clark,    Basso. 

MAY    7,    1 90 1. 

Stabat    Mater Rossini 

Hiawatha's    Wedding    Feast S.    Coleridge   Taylor 

Soloists — Miss     Helen     Buckley,     Soprano ;     Miss     Elaine 

De   Sellem,    Alto;  Mr.  Holmes  Cowper,  Tenor;  Mr.   F. 

B.   Webster,   Bass. 

EIGHTH    SEASON. 

NOVEMBER    21,    I9OI. 

Hiawatha's   Wedding   Feast.  }  c    r-  1-  -j        t     1 

Hiawatha-s     Departure \ S-  Coleridge  Taylor 

Soloists — Mrs.     Maria     Hoag-Haughley,     Soprano ;     Mrs. 

Ella   Pierson  Kirkham.  Alto;   Mr.   L.   E.   Rollo,  Tenor; 

Mr.  Joseph   Baernstein,   Basso. 

FEBRUARY    27,     IQ02. 

PART   SONG   CONCERT. 

Soloists — Mme.    Cortnne    Moore    Lawson,    Soprano ;    Mr. 
Gustav    Holmquist,    Basso. 

PROGRAM. 
PART    I. 

1.  "Hear   My    Prayer" Mendelssohn 

Motette    for    Soprano    Solo    and    Chorus. 
Mrs.    Lawson   and   Chorus. 

2.  The  King's  Prayer  from  Lohengrin Wagner 

Bass  Solo,  Quintette  and  Chorus. 
Mr.  Holmquist. 
Miss    Anna    L.     Beebe,     Soprano ;     Miss    Louise    White- 
head.   Alto;     Mr.     A.     D.     Shaw,    Tenor;    Mr.     C.     N. 
Stevens,    Baritone. 

3.  Te     Deum,     opus     103 Dvorak 

Soprano    and    Bass    Solo    and    Chorus. 

Mrs.    Lawson,    Mr.    Holmquist   and  Chorus. 

PART    11. 

1.  The  Dance,  opus  27.   No.    1 Edward   Elgar 

From   the   "Bavarian   Highlands."' 
Evanston    Musical  Club. 

2.  a  Norwegian  Shepherd  Song. Old  Melodv  16th  Cent, 
b  Bid  Me  Discourse..  }  ^,,  Tr«,ri;.u 
c     Love  Has   Eyes \ *^'^    English 

3.  Lullaby,   opus  27,   No.   3 (  cj        j    t7i 

Aspiration,    Opus    27,    No.    4.( Edward    Elgar 

Evanston    Musical  Club, 

4.  a     The    First    Love    Song Carl    Grammann 

b     The    Sand    Carrier August    Bungert 

c     Serenata Moszkowski 

Mrs.    Lawson. 

5.  The  Marksmen,  Opus  27.  No.  6 Edward  Elgar 

Evanston   Musical   Club. 

APRIL  22,   1902. 
VERDI'S. 

Manzoni    Requiem, 
Soloists — Mrs.    Genevieve    Clark    Wilson,    Soprano;     Miss 
Jessie    Lynde    Hopkins,    Mezzo   Soprano ;    Mr.    John   B. 
Miller,    Tenor;    Mr.    Joseph   Baernstein,    Basso. 


Other  especially  important  works  present- 
ed by  the  Ckib  are  "Caractacus"  and  "King 
Olaf  by  Elgar,  and  Dvorak's  "Stabat 
Mater."  Interest  in  the  club  was  greatly 
augmented  by  the  winning  of  the  second 
prize  of  $3,500  in  the  choral  contest  at  the 
Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition  at  Saint 
Louis,  in  1904,  under  the  direction  of  Pro- 
fessor Lutkin,  In  the  concert  of  January 
30,  1905,  a  concerto  for  piano  and  orchestra 
by  Arne  Oldberg  had  its  first  performance, 
and  the  celebrated  English  contralto,  Muriel 
Foster,  was  the  most  notable  solist. 

The  Presidents  of  the  Evanston  Musical 
Club  have  been  Mr.  John  R.  Lindgren,  Mr. 
W.  F,  Hypes,  Mr.  Frank  W,  Smith,  Mr. 
Chancellor  Jenks  and  Mr.  C.  N,  Stevens. 

Let  us  hope  that  the  great  development 
along  musical  lines,  which  has  taken  place 
in  Evanston  during  the  last  few  years,  may 
lead  some  public  spirited  citizen  to  erect 
a  large  hall  suitable  for  concert  purposes. 
Mendelssohn  has  said,  "I  know  of  no  aim 
more  noble  than  that  of  giving  music  to 
one's  native  language  and  to  one's  native 
country."  What  more  noble  monument 
could  an  Evanstonian  erect  than  a 
building  in  his  own  town,  which  would 
make  possible  an  annual  musical  festival 
whose  strains  would  mingle  with  the  ma- 
jestic organ  point  of  our  beautiful  Lake 
Michigan,  in  fulfilling  the  musicians'  calling 
which,  according  to  Schumann,  is  "to  send 
light  into  the  deep  recesses  of  the  human 
heart," 


CHAPTER  XXXI. 


The  Story  of  Banking  Eiitcrl'riscs  in  Ri'an- 
ston  — ■  Effect  of  the  Chicago  Fire  — 
First  Private  Bank  Establislied  in  i8/.f — 
Incorporated  as  a  State  Bank  in  i8o? — 
First  Officers  of  the  Xez^'  Institution — 
Groxi'th  of  Deposits  —  //  Successfullx 
Withstands  the  Panic  of  189 j  —  Pres- 
ent Officers  {1006)  —  A  First  National 
Bank  J'cnture  —  Tlie  Panic  of  i8q^  Re- 
sults in  Disaster  —  The  City  National 
Bank  of  Evanston  Established  in  igoo — 
First  Officers  and  Leading  Stockholders 
— Its  Prosperous  Career — Condition  in 
1906. 


Banking  ni 


^  Evanston.   however   intimate 

this  city's  relations  with  near-by  Chicago, 
has  been  prosperous  and  permanent  when 
conckicted  with  discretion,  and  ephemera! 
and  disastrous  when  otherwise  undertaken. 
The  story  of  banking  in  Evanston  is  largely 
that  of  the  older  of  its  two  institutions,  and 
a  story  by  no  means  without  interest  to  all 
who  profit  by  and  have  pride  in  the  suc- 
cesses of  conservative  finance. 

Effect  of  the  Chicago  Fire.— With  the 
intiux  of  population  after  the  Chicago  fire 
of  1871,  the  growing  business  of  Evanston 
invited  the  creation  of  banking  facilities 
furnished  by  Evanston  capital  and  ope- 
rated by  Evanston  citizens.  Into  this  field, 
in  the  early  'seventies,  came  Merrill  Ladd, 
who   founded   the  private  bank  of   Merrill 


EVANSTON  BANKS 

(By  WILLI.\M    G.  UOAG) 

Ladd  &  Company.  Speculation  worked 
this  venture  ill ;  and  the  panic  of  1873,  t'^^t 
shook  the  financial  strongholds  of  New 
York,  Boston,  Philadelphia  and  Chicago, 
left  the  enterprise  of  Evanston's  first 
money-lender  a  memory  only.  In  1874  a 
new  bank  started  in  Evanston,  and  became 
a  corner-stone  for  the  village's  wealth  and 
growth. 

Bank  of  Hoag  &  Co.  Established. — 
In  1874,  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Davis 
Street  and  Chicago  Avenue,  Thomas  C. 
Hoag  &  Company  started  a  private  bank. 
Mr.  Hoag,  of  the  Chicago  grocery  firm 
of  Goss  &  Hoag,  one  of  the  largest  in  the 
city,  and  situated  on  North  Clark  Street 
near  the  bridge,  had  suffered  the  destruc- 
tion of  his  propert}'  in  the  great  fire,  and 
was  free  to  find  a  new  opening  wherever 
he  might.  Living  as  he  had  in  Evanston 
since  1857.  and  having  done  a  grocery  busi- 
ness by  railway  express  with  North  Shore 
villages,  he  now  began  a  local  grocery 
business  in  Evanston.  and  soon  thereafter 
went  into  banking  on  the  aforesaid  site. 
JMr.  Hoag  already  was  the  Treasurer  and 
Business  .Agent  of  the  Northwestern  I'^ni- 
versity,  and  with  this  and  other  advantage- 
ous connections,  he  conducted  witli  in- 
creasing success  the  Evanston  bank  that 
had  come  to  stay.  The  business  grew, 
justifying  a  building  ne.xt  door  exclusively 
for  banking  purposes,  and  further  establish- 

289 


290 


EVANSTON  BANKS 


ing  itself  as  an  indispensable  institution  in 
the  development  of  the  commercial  life  of 
Evanston.  In  1891  the  banking  firm  of 
Thomas  C.  Hoag  &  Company  moved  to  the 
southwest  corner  of  Davis  Street  and  Chi- 
cago Avenue,  there  installing  the  first  mod- 
ern safety  deposit  vaults  offered  to  the 
Evanston  public. 

State  Bank  Incorporated. — On  May  10, 
1892,  was  incorporated  the  State  Bank 
of  Evanston,  to  which  Mr.  Hoag  sold  his 
interest,  his  banking  firm  then  retiring  from 
business.  The  incorporators  of  the  new 
institution — its  charter  being  of  the  date  of 
March  10,  1892,  and  conferring  powers 
to  conduct  a  general  commercial  and  sav- 
ings bank  business — were  Robert  D.  Shep- 
pard,  Charles  F.  Grey,  and  John  R.  Lind- 
gren.  The  first  board  of  directors  of  the 
State  Bank  of  Evanston  were  the  follow- 
ing well-known  citizens : 

William  Blanchard,  Frank  M.  Elliot, 
William  G.  Hoag,  H.  H.  C.  Miller,  Robert 
D.  Sheppard,  H.  B.  Cragin,  Charles  F. 
Grey,  John  R.  Lindgren,  Henry  A.  Pear- 
sons, William  E.  Stockton,  and  Charles 
T.   Bartlett. 

The  first  officers  of  the  new  bank  were 
John  R.  Lindgren,  President ;  William 
Blanchard,  \'ice-President ;  William  G. 
Hoag,  Cashier.  Mr.  Lindgren  was  already 
prominently  identified  with  Chicago  bank- 
ing as  Cashier  of  the  State  Bank  of  Chi- 
cago. Mr.  Blanchard  was  a  retired  lumber- 
man and  capitalist,  and  Mr.  Hoag  brought 
experience  from  his  associations  with  his 
father  in  the  firm  of  Thomas  C.  Hoag  & 
Company.  The  Evanston  State  Bank  be- 
gan business  with  a  capital,  all  paid  in,  of 
$100,000  and  deposits  from  Thomas  C. 
Hoag  &  Company  of  $306,000.  Among 
the  stockholders,  together  with  the  officers 
and  directors,  were  J.  H.  Kedzie,  Henry  R. 
Hatfield,  D.  S.  Cook,  M.  S.  Terry,  George 
H.  Foster,  William  Deering,  T.  C.  Hoag, 
C.  H.  Quinlan,  Lucy  D.  Shuman,  Daniel 


Bonbright,  William  L.  Brown,  Frank  P. 
Crandon,  Charles  T.  Boynton,  Thomas 
Lord,  Fleming  H.  Revell. 

At  the  close  of  1892,  the  year  of  organi- 
zation, the  bank's  deposits  amounted  to 
$369,590.60.  On  January  13,  1894,  Robert 
D.  Sheppard  succeeded  John  R.  Lind- 
gren as  President,  and  continued  in 
direction  of  the  bank  until  succeeded  in 
February,  1903,  by  Henry  J.  Wallingford. 
From  organization  to  the  present  time,  Wil- 
liam G.  Hoag  has  been  the  bank's  Cashier. 
In  IMarch,  1900,  E.  F.  Pierce  was  chosen 
Assistant  Cashier  and  continues  in  this 
office.  Prominent  citizens  who  have  served 
in  the  bank's  directory  from  1892  to  1905, 
other  than  those  composing  the  original 
board  are:  D.  S.  Cook,  Thomas  Lord,  Dr. 
M.  C.  Bragdon,  E.  B.  Quinlan,  Henry  J. 
Wallingford,  Frank  W.  Gerould,  William 
A.  Dyche.  In  1897  Thomas  Lord  was 
elected  \'ice-President.  At  present  writing, 
in  1906,  the  officers  of  the  State  Bank  of 
Evanston  are : 

President — Henry   J.   Wallingford. 

\'ice-President— H.  H.  C.  Miller. 

Cashier — William   G.   Hoag. 

Assistant  Cashier — Edwin  F.  Pierce. 

The  following  tables  statistically  tell  the 
story  of  the  growth  of  the  State  Bank  of 
Evanston  in  its  general  banking  and  savings 
departments,  but  do  not  especially  declare 
the  policy  which  has  built  up  this  popular 
banking  house.  The  policy  is  that  which 
makes  for  slow  growth  but  for  sure— the 
policy  of  prudence  and  conservatism. 

GROWTH     OF    DEPOSITS     IN     STATE    BANK     OF 

EVANSTON    FROM    1892   TO    1906. 

jSfi-1  $  .■!24.n29.18 

is!«  :;:;::::; :i.;m,:;m  14 

1804     --=T!ri-' 

lS.O.->     ii.MjiJ.  1.J 

isHti  2?y''>'f&i 

is:i7  il-).llJ.-H 

18!)S     733.844.59 

isoo  967.774.SO   - 

iqob : 1.128,518.fi7 

iqoi   '■ ' "       1,171,016.54 

iqoS  1,133,123.7.') 

ino3  1,160,244.29 

;o„4  '::::: 1,122,029.17 

j;,,-,  1,315,098.62 

in,,0  .' '.'." 1,460,000.00 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


291 


This  bank,  since  the  first  year  after  in- 
corporation, has  paid  dividends  at  the  uni- 
form rate  of  six  per  cent.  Its  excess  of 
earnings,  carried  over  to  the  surplus,  now 
makes  this  guarantee  of  security  over 
$100,000.  The  last  reported  quotation  of 
this  bank's  stock  was  240. 

The  Test  of  1893.— The  policy  that  has 
shaped  the  development  of  business,  record- 
ed in  the  foregoing  tables,  is  characteristic 
of  all  the  financiers,  capitalists,  and  busi- 
ness men  who  have  contributed  to  the 
growth  of  this  conservative  institution. 
One  of  its  banking  principles  is  never  to 
sacrifice  security  to  interest.  Beginning 
its  corporate  existence  a  year  before  the 
great  panic  of  1893,  it  was  put  to  the  earth- 
quake test  while  still  quite  young.  In  that 
memorable  year,  when  there  were  15,508 
business  failures';  when  154  National  and 
184  State  banks  suspended ;  when  598  bank- 
ing institutions  of  all  classes,  with  estimat- 
ed assets  of  $184,281,014  and  liabilities  of 
$170,295,581,  suspended — in  that  disastrous 
time,  no  savings  bank  in  Cook  County  was 
less  severely  jarred  than  the  State  Bank  of 
Evanston.  Indeed,  it  may  be  said  that,  in 
that  fateful  year,  this  bank,  safe  if  not  co- 
lossal, never  felt  serious  pressure  from  its 
depositors ;  and  it  is  well  remembered  by  its 
officers  that,  if  at  any  period  of  unusual 
popular  timidity,  money  has  flowed  out 
from  one  window,  a  compensating  stream 
has  flowed  in  by  another.  The  following 
from  the  "Evanston  Press,"  of  May  20, 
1893,  suggests  the  stamina  of  this  bank  in 
a  time  that  surely  tried  men's  souls : 

"Thursday  morning  a  slight  run  was 
made  on  the  State  Bank,  but  it  was  soon 
over,  only  a  very  few  dollars  having  been 
drawn  out.  The  State  Bank  is  perfectly 
sound,  and  has  made  arrangements  to  stand 
a  heavy  run.  Cashier  Hoag  said,  Thursday, 
that  every  cent  now  on  deposit  can  be  drawn 
out,  and  that  the  bank  has  in  its  vaults  the 


cold  cash  to  meet  all  of  its  indebtedness. 
By  order  of  President  Lindgren  the  bank 
was  kept  open  for  an  hour  after  the  usual 
closing  hour  on  Thursday,  but  this  was  not 
necessary,  as  the  'run,"  if  such  it  could  be 
called,  was  over  long  before  the  usual  hour 
for  closing." 

This  bank's  history  has  been  one  almost 
without  losses  from  injudicious  banking. 
It  has  had  almost  no  litigation.  On  real 
estate  investments  it  has  never  lost  a  dollar ; 
and,  for  twenty  years,  during  the  life  of  the 
antecedent  company  and  of  its  own  corpor- 
ate life,  its  total  losses  have  not  exceeded 
$2,000  or  $3,000.  So  discreet,  yet  so  mu- 
tually just,  is  it  in  the  management  of  cred- 
its, that  in  a  certain  statement  its  cashier 
reported  deposits  of  $1,300,000  with  over 
drafts  amounting  to  just  one  cent.  Need- 
less to  say,  that  the  Evanston  State  Bank 
eschews  speculation. 

Influence  on  Local  Business. — The 
business  of  Evanston  has  grown  because 
of  its  own  local  banking  facilities.  Its  banks 
have  drawn,  held,  and  made  wealth  here. 
Here  Evanston  merchants  have  received 
their  accommodations,  and  to  this  prosper- 
ous sub-station  of  Chicago  banking  come 
people  of  neighboring  towns  and  thrifty 
farmers  from  tributary  country.  Evanston 
banks  hold  all  the  public  funds  of  the  city 
of  Evanston,  and  some  of  the  funds  of 
neighboring  towns  and  villages ;  and  the 
Evanston  State  Bank  and  its  predecessor 
for  thirty  years  have  been  the  depository  of 
Northwestern  University.  One  source  of 
the  strength  of  this  bank  is  the  support 
given  it  bv  its  large  number  of  children  de- 
positors, whose  many  pennies  in  many  little 
toy  banks  make  many  large  dollars. 

Of  course,  the  nature  of  the  business  of 
the  State  Bank  of  Evanston,  and  the  char- 
acter of  its  clientele,  demand  that  it  shall 
have  the  status  of  a  Chicago  bank  as  regards 
the  conveniences  and  privileges  of  the  asso- 


292 


EVANSTON  BANKS 


ciated  banks  of  a  money  center.  This  bank 
is  a  secondary  member  of  the  Chicago  Clear- 
ing-house, whereby  it  reports  to  that  insti- 
tution as  if  it  were  a  Chicago  bank,  and  its 
checks  are  accepted  tliroughout  the  country 
as  if  drawn  on  a  Chicago  bank.  It  deals, 
of  course,  in  foreign  exchange  and  sells 
drafts  and  letters  of  credit  good  in  all  parts 
of  the  world. 

The  tendency  of  the  times  is  toward  in- 
dividuality in  bank  architecture.  A  bank 
is  becoming  more  than  a  floor  in  a  business 
block.  It  is  becoming  a  monument  en- 
nobling an  entire  city.  The  State  Bank 
of  Evanston  proposes  to  erect  a  bank  build- 
ing for  its  own  use,  approved  in  style  and 
equipment,  and  steps  have  been  taken  to 
this  end  by  the  securing  of  a  long  term  lease 
on  certain  property  on  the  northwest  corner 
of  Davis  Street  and  Orrington  Avenue. 

A  National  Bank  Venture. — The  first 
National  bank  started  in  Evanston  was 
born  in  a  strenuous  time,  and  in  it  passed 
away.  On  June  29,  1892,  was  organized  the 
Evanston  National  Bank.  On  July  5,  1892, 
it  began  business.  Its  capital  was  $100,000. 
Its  officers  were  Henry  Wells,  President ; 
J.  C.  Austin,  Vice-President ;  J.  C.  Terhune, 
Cashier.  Its  directors  were  Benjamin  F. 
Hill,  L.  A.  Goddard,  E.  T.  Paul,  N.  A.  Hill, 
T.  J.  Whitehead,  O.  G.  Gibbs,  Henry  Wells, 
J.  C.  Austin,  J.  C.  Terhune.  On  March  6, 
1893,  a  published  statement  showed  deposits 
to  be  $160,000.  But  in  1893  only  the  strong 
stood  the  tempest.  A  shrinkage  of  its  as- 
sets set  in.  On  May  i6th  and  17th  a  heavy 
run  on  this  bank  resulted  from  the  failure 
of  the  Cairo  Lumber  Company,  of  which 
Henry  Wells,  the  President  of  this  bank, 
was  treasurer.  On  May  18  there  was  posted 
on  the  doors  of  the  Evanston  National  Bank 
the  following  notice : 

"Owing  to  heavy  drains  made  on  our  de- 
posits,   and    the    stringency    of   the   money 


market,  this  bank  suspends  payments.     De- 
positors will  be  paid  in  full. 

"Henry  Wells,  President. 
"Nat.  A.  Hill,  \'ice-President." 

On  June  8,  1893,  Charles  Winslow  took 
charge  as  receiver  under  appointment  by 
the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency.  At  the 
present  writing  the  approved  claims  of 
creditors  amount  to  $80,971,  upon  which 
72,-7  per  cent  has  been  paid. 

In  1892  J.  C.  Terhune  started  a  private 
bank  in  Evanston,  which  continues  business 
at   the   present   writing. 

A  More  Successful  Venture. — As 
Evanston  grew  in  wealth  and  population, 
capitalists  and  men  of  affairs  began  to  see 
that,  were  the  city  removed  from  the  subur- 
ban touch  with  a  metropolis,  its  business 
would  support  a  half-dozen  banks  rather 
than  one,  and  that,  even  as  it  was,  a  second 
bank  would  not  be  a  precarious  undertak- 
ing. So  representative  citizens,  resolved  to 
found  a  national  bank  that  should  become  a 
strong  tower  to  thiscommunity.  On  Febru- 
ary 14,  1900,  Marshall  M.  Kirkman,  James 
A.  Patten,  David  R.  Forgan  and  Thomas 
Bates  signed  articles  of  association  for  the 
incorporation  of  a  national  bank.  With 
these  incorporators  was  associated  Joseph 
E.  Paden,  attorney.  On  April  loth  of  the 
same  year  there  was  issued  a  charter  creat- 
ing the  City  National  Bank  of  Evanston, 
and  the  first  directing  board  of  this  insti- 
tution was  made  up  of  the  aforesaid  incor- 
porators, together  with  Rollin  A.  Keyes, 
Henry  A.  Pearsons,  and  Joseph  F.  Ward. 
The  bank  began  business  in  its  present 
quarters,  the  Century  Building,  southwest 
corner  of  Davis  Street  and  Sherman  Ave- 
nue, June  21,  1900,  with  Joseph  F.  Ward, 
President ;  Thomas  Bates,  Mce-President ; 
and  Charles  N.  Stevens,  Cashier.  The  de- 
posits of  the  first  day  amounted  to  $16,220. 
and  the  first  depositor  was  William  S.  Lord, 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON                                            293 

the  dry-goods  merchant,  who  thereby  re-  This  bank's  growth  is  noteworthy.  Be- 
corded  the  testimony  of  Evanston  business  ginning  business  June  21,  1900.  with  de- 
men,  that  this  city  was  big  enough  and  posits  amounting  to  $16,220.00,  it  reported 
wealthy  enough  to  sustain  two  strong  banks  deposits  June  21.  1902,  of  $345,152.24.  On 
in  healthful  rivalry.  June  21,  1903.  deposits  had  risen  to  $703.- 
The  City  National  Bank  of  Evanston  640.53 ;  and  a  year  later  they  were  $842,- 
started  in  with  a  paid-up  capital  of  $100,000.  074.73:  On  June  14.  1905,  they  had 
and  the  price  of  the  stock  before  business  reached  $1,197,053.35.  The  stock  of  the 
opened  on  the  first  day  was  $105  per  bank  at  this  writing,  judging  from  a  pri- 
share.  In  stanch  and  stable  communities  vate  bid  refused,  is  175.  This  bank  car- 
the  banking  class  is  the  conservative  class,  ries  5.000  accounts.  A  statement  of  the 
Behind  the  City  National  Bank  of  Evanston  condition  of  this  new  and  promising  insti- 
among  its  first  stockholders  were  Hugh  tution,  at  the  close  of  business,  April  6, 
R.  Wilson,  Joseph  E.  Paden,  A.  N.  Young,  iqo6,  is  as  follows: 
M.  H.  Wilson,  P.  R.  Shumwav,  C.  D. 
Cleveland,   L.   D.   Thoman,   A.   M.   Foster,      Loans  and  Discounts...^ '. $i,069,563.60 

George  w.  Wall,  w.  B.  Bogert,  George  A.  g^;?[e''d^state; '  bonds  ■:::::  i :  i ::;;:: ; : : ; : ; :  ioo:oo,lm 

Foster,  William  s.  Lord,  George  Taylor,  ^rE^j^^J-j^^—::::::::::::::    ^Z':7 

N.  p.  Williams,  Charles  N.  Stevens,  J.  L.  ^T^^^/^'S^  BLn^^::::::::::■.\y.     20^^^ 

Hebblethwaite.  W.  O.  Dean.  John  E.  Wild-      ^"^  f-""™  u.  s.  Treasury sfim.oo 

er,   Robert   S.   Clark,   C.   H.   Poppenhusen.  liabilities             $1,480,352.39 

Daniel  McCann,  W.  H.  Jones,   Newell   C.      Capital   stock    $  100,000.00 

T-    ■    t   .      T                 H7'        •    ■             T    I         TT      -n        J  Surplus   and    Undivided    Profits.         5.3,190.13 

Knight,  James   Wiggmton.  John  H.  Boyd,     circulation  100,000.00 

A.    S.    Van    Deusen.    T-    R.    Woodbridge,     °^p°'"^  ^^^232462^6__^_ 

James  B.  Huse,  F.  E.  Griswold,  George  A.  $1,485,352.39  $1,485,352.39 

Coe.  Officers. — The    present    officers    of   the 

In  its  first  year  the  bank  earned  six  per  City  National   Bank  of  Evanston   (1906) 

cent  on  its  capitalization,  but  turning  this  are : 

and  the  earnings  of  the  next  year  into  sur-  President— Joseph  F.  Ward. 
plus  account,  it  refrained  from  declaring  a  Mce-President — William   S.    Alason. 
dividend  until  1903.  when  it  began  its  pres-  Cashier — Charles  N.  Stevens, 
ent  six  per  cent  payments.    This  bank  deals  Directors. — Henry  A.  Pearsons.  Thomas 
in   such   securities   as   are   customary    with  Bates,  RoUin  A.  Keyes,  Joseph  A.  Paden, 
National  banks,  receives  savings  as  well  as  David    R.    Forgan,    William    S.    Mason, 
checking  deposits,  and  conducts  a  general  James  A.  Patten,  Joseph  F.  Ward, 
banking    business.      It    clears,    of    course,  A  considerable  improvement  lately  add- 
through  the  Chicago  Clearing  House.    With  ed  to  the  City  National   Bank  is  a   safety 
the  State  Bank  of  Evanston  it  shares  in  the  deposit  vault,  commodious  and  of  extraor- 
custody  of  the  municipal  funds  of  Evanston,  dinary  strength  of  construction.      Its  aux- 
and  also  has  been  distributing  agent  in  the  iliary  conveniences  for  patrons  are  corn- 
matter  of  the  construction  of  the  postoffice.  plete  and  elegant. 


CHAPTER   XXXII. 


EVANSTON  REAL  ESTATE 

(By  FEANK  M  ELLIOT) 


Primary  Geological  Conditions — Early 
Roads — The  Indian  Trail — A  Period  of 
Grozvth—'The  Path  the  Calf  Made"— 
Influence  of  the  University  — ■  Evanston 
Over-boomed — Effect  of  the  Chicago  Fire 
— Local  Real  Estate  Rivalries — Notable 
Residences — The  Transportation  Problem 
— The  Park  System — Taxation — Evans- 
ton  Homes — Real  Estate   J 'allies. 

We  are  told  that  Evanston,  at  one  time, 
was  entirely  submerged  by  Lake  Michigan, 
but  that  gradually,  through  unknown  ages, 
the  waters  receded.  The  battle-field  of  the 
two  contending  forces — land  and  water — 
is  distinctly  marked  by  the  alignment  of 
land  fortification  or  ridges.  This  great 
struggle  had  continued  year  in  and  year 
out.  with  the  land  forces  conquering  and 
adding  much  territory  to  their  possession. 
These  lines  of  fortification  are  visible  to- 
day. The  highest  and  most  prominent  of 
all,  runs  along  the  Gross  Point  Road,  three 
miles  distant  from  the  Lake ;  another  on 
Ridge  Avenue,  a  mile  distant ;  one  on  Hin- 
man  Avenue,  a  quarter  of  a  mile  distant, 
and  still  another  along  the  lake  shore,  where 
the  battle  of  land  and  water  is  still  raging. 
This  contest  between  the  land  and  water 
is  one  of  great  importance  to  the  real  es- 
tate of  Evanston.  Practically  the  last  stand 
has  been  reached,  for  the  force  of  the 
waters  of  Lake  Michigan  is  so  great,  that  it 


is  no  longer  possible  to  extend  the  land, 
with  any  degree  of  safety.  Covering  this 
territory  conquered  from  the  lake,  there 
has  grown  a  beautiful  forest  of  oak,  maple, 
elm  and  linden,  a  portion  of  which  has 
withstood  the  violence  of  the  elements  and 
the  ruthless  depredations  of  man. 

Early  Roads. — There  were  two  roads 
running  from  Chicago  to  Green  Bay  which 
passed  through  Evanston  —  one  on  the 
Gross  Point  highland,  and  the  other,  known 
as  the  Green  Bay  Road,  running  along 
Ridge  Avenue.  East  of  the  latter  was  an 
old  Indian  trail,  the  route  of  which  can  still 
be  traced  by  a  number  of  trees  with  large 
branches  bent  to  the  ground.  The  best  ex- 
ample of  these  is  a  tree  at  the  State  line  just 
east  of  the  Electric  Road.  The  large  oak 
at  the  entrance  of  the  College  Campus,  and 
the  one  at  the  northeast  corner  of  Forest 
Avenue  and  Lake  Street,  mark  the  direc- 
tion of  the  trail.  There  was  only  one  cross 
road  located  in  Rogers  Park  along  the 
Indian  Boundary  Line.  The  low  land  be- 
tween the  ridges  was  filled  with  water  and 
marsh,  resembling  in  effect  the  present  con- 
dition of  the  Skokie.  These  roads  were, 
for  the  most  part,  built  of  corduroy  and 
were  maintaned  at  private  expense.  A  toll 
was  exacted  for  the  use  of  them  and  one  of 
the  oldest  toll  stations,  and  the  last  to  ex- 
ist, was  in  Rogers  Park  at  the  intersection 
of  Chicago  Avenue  and  the  Indian  Bonn- 


296 


EVANSTON  REAL  ESTATE 


darv  Line.    The  toll  house  was  discontinued 
about   1875. 

A  Period  of  Growth. — The  develop- 
ment from  a  "forest  primeval"  to  a  city  lot 
is  interesting,  for  into  this  development 
enters  the  human  element,  which  is  a  never 
ending-  source  of  interest.  The  low  and 
marshy  places,  the  hills  and  the  ridges,  the 
obstruction  of  trees  and  tangled  wood — 
all  of  these  must  be  brought  under  the  con- 
trol of  man.  Streets  must  be  made,  sewers 
built,  and  much  digging,  cutting  and  burn- 
ing, before  a  city  lot  is  defined.  This,  in 
brief,  is  what  has  taken  place  in  Evanston. 

There  have  been  periods  of  immigration 
that  have  added  to  the  material  growth  of 
Evanston.  The  western  march  of  civiliza- 
tion brought  farmers  into  this  country. 
These  acquired  title  to  their  farms  from 
the  Government.  They  planted  fruit  trees, 
and  especially  a  large  number  of  the  peach 
variety.  These  prospered  and  brought  rich 
harvests  until  the  time  when  the  forests, 
which  extended  to  the  North  Branch  of  the 
Chicago  River,  were  destroyed.  The  climat- 
ic changes  which  ensued  after  this  destruc- 
tion made  it  impossible  for  peaches  to  grow 
on  this  side  of  Lake  Michigan. 

In  1853  the  Northwestern  L^niversity 
was  established  here.  From  a  few  homes 
and  a  store  on  Ridge  Avenue — a  settlement 
called  Ridgeville — grew  a  new  town,  named 
Evanston  in  honor  of  the  late  Governor 
Evans,  of  Colorado,  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  University.  There  was  the  infusion 
of  a  new  element  into  the  community ;  pro- 
fessors and  their  families,  scholars  and 
trades  people.  The  coming  of  these  rep- 
resented the  second  immigration. 

"The  Path  the  Calf  Made."— The 
growth  of  a  town  can  sometimes  be  traced 
from  its  foot-paths.  First  comes  the  trail 
of  the  Indian,  or  frontiersman,  who  marks 
his  way  with  a  broken  branch,  or  a  blaze 
on  the  trees.      The  settler,   with  his  flock 


and  herds,  then  follows  nature's  own  sur- 
vey for  a  future  city's  thoroughfare  in  "the 
path  the  calf  made,"  of  which  the  poet,  Sam 
Walter  Foss,  thus  graphically  sings : 

"One   day,  through   the  primeval   wood, 
A    calf    walked    home,    as    good    calves    should; 
But    made   a   trail   all   bent  askew, 
.■\  crooked  trail  as  all  calves  do. 

Since  then  two  hundred  years  have  fled, 
.\iid,   I   infer,   the  calf  is  dead. 
But   still   he   left   behind   his   trail, 
.And  thereby  hangs  my  moral  tale. 

The  trail  was  taken  up  next  day 
By  a  lone  dog  that  passed  that  way  ; 
-And  then  a   wise  bell-wether  sheep 
Pursued  the  trail  o'er  vale  and  steep, 
.And  drew   the  flock  behind  him,  too, 
As   good   bell-wethers  always   do. 

.\nd  from  that  day,  o'er  hill   and  glade. 

Through  these  old   woods   a  path   was  made ; 

.And  many  men  wound  in  and  out, 

.And   dodged,   and   turned,    and   bent   about, 

.And  uttered   words  of  righteous  wrath 

Because   'twas   such   a   crooked   path. 

But   still   they   followed — do   not   laugh — 

The  first   migrations  of  that  calf, 

.And  through   this   winding   woodway   stalked, 

Because  he  wabbled  when  he  walked. 

This  forest  path  became  a  lane. 

That  bent  and  turned,  and  turned   again ; 

This    crooked    lane    became    a    road. 

Where  many   a  poor  horse  with  his  load 

Toiled  on   beneath   the   burning  sun. 

And  traveled  some  three  miles  in  one. 

.And  thus,  a  century  and  a  half. 

They   trod  in  the  footsteps  of  that   calf. 

The  years  passed  on  in  swiftness  fleet. 
The  road  became  a  village  street ; 
.And    this,    before    men    were    aware, 
A   city's   crowded    thoroughfare; 
.And   soon   the   central   street   was  this, 
Of   a   renowned   metropolis. 
-And  men   two  centuries  and  a  half 
Trod   in   the  footsteps  of  that   calf." 

In  the  early  settlement,  for  foot  passen- 
gers there  were  first  walks  of  clay  and 
gravel  extending  from  the  Lake  Shore  in 
Davis  Street  to  the  business  portion :  after- 
ward the  single  plank,  laid  lengthwise ; 
then  the  double-barreled  walk  of  two 
planks,  with  a  space  between,  the  invention 
of  Obadiah  Huse,  President  of  the  Village 
Board :  next  the  board  walk,  three  or  four 
feet  in  width,  the  wider  board  or  dirt  walk, 
and  then  the  flag  stone,  brick  or  cement 
walk  of  the  present  day — each  serving  its 
day  or  purpose  until  superseded  by  some- 
thing better.  All  these  walks  mark  with 
distinctness,  the  growth  and  evolution  that 
has  taken  place  in  our  community. 

Influence   of  the   University. — The    in- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


297 


fluence  of  the  University  brought,  as  early 
inhabitants,  a  class  of  people  who  have 
been  of  great  benefit  to  Evanston.  They 
were  people  of  refinement  who  desired  quiet 
with  the  delights  of  intellectual  and  con- 
genial society.  They  established  homes 
here  and  many  of  their  friends,  attracted 
by  their  example,  came  to  live  in  this  quiet 
and  scholastic  atmosphere. 

The  University  purchased  large  tracts  of 
land  amounting  to  343  acres.  In  July, 
1854,  the  Plat  of  Evanston  was  made  by 
Andrew  J.  Brown,  Philo  Judson  and  the 
Northwestern  University.  As  an  illustra- 
tion of  the  rapid  advance  of  land  values, 
take  for  example  the  southwest  quarter  of 
Section  18,  Township  41,  Range  14,  being 
160  acres,  lying  between  Church  and  Demp- 
ster Streets,  and  Asbury  and  Chicago  Ave- 
nues. In  1840,  James  Carney  bought  this  land 
from  the  Government  for  $1.25  per  acre, 
a  total  of  $200.  In  1854,  Carney  sold  this 
land  to  Andrew  James  Brown  for  $13,000. 
After  the  subdivision  was  made  the  best 
lots  sold  for  $350  each.  The  lot  on  south- 
west corner  of  Davis  Street  and  Maple 
Avenue,  70  by  215  feet,  sold,  in  1855,  for 
$350.  In  1865,  it  sold  for  $600.  In  1870  the 
same  lot,  only  115  feet  deep,  sold  for  $2,000, 
and  in  i88g  for  $7,000.  It  is  worth  to-day, 
without  improvements,  $17,500.  Let  us  take 
another  example  on  the  East  Side.  In  1865, 
the  Northwestern  University  bought  the 
"Snyder  farm,"  60^  acres,  for  $24.22/. 
This  farm  ran  from  Hamilton  to  Greenleaf 
Streets,  and  from  Chicago  Avenue  to  Lake 
Michigan.  As  platted  to-day,  there  are 
about  6.660  feet  frontage  and  a  conserva- 
tive value  would  be  $100  per  front  foot,  or 
$666,000.  Other  examples  might  be  cited 
to  show  the  increase  in  value  of  real  estate 
in  Evanston ;  but  it  would  be  about  the 
same  story,  and  would  only  repeat  what  is 
well    known    of   the    substantial    and    fixed 


value  of  real  estate  throughout  the  entire 
city. 

Expansion  of  1872.— During  the  Civil 
War,  when  the  unsettled  condition  of  the 
country  was  making  its  influence  felt — even 
at  this  distance  from  the  field  of  action — 
while  Evanston  was  sending  the  best  of  her 
manhood  to  the  front,  she  still  made  ad- 
vances, and  had  enough  surplus  energy  to 
contribute  generally  toward  the  building  up 
of  the  town.  The  greatest  expansion  took 
place  in  1872.  In  common  with  the  rest  of 
the  State,  and,  indeed,  with  many  parts  of 
the  country,  Evanston  was  over-boomed. 
It  needed  the  bursting  of  the  bubble  in  1873 
to  bring  values  to  their  legitimate  level. 
During  the  subsequent  decade,  real  estate 
values  and  the  movement  of  property  wore 
slowly  down  to  a  more  rational  pace. 

Effect  of  the  Chicago  Fire. — L'p  to  the 
time  of  the  Chicago  fire  in  1871,  the  Univer- 
sity was  the  dominant  influence  which 
brought  people  to  Evanston.  The  loss  and 
ruination  brought  about  by  that  fire  en- 
forced the  sale  of  much  property,  and  this 
caused  a  depreciation  of  prices.  Rigid  fire 
ordinances  followed  that  great  catastrophe, 
and  the  enforcement  of  stringent  regula- 
tions drove  beyond  the  Chicago  city  limits 
those  people,  who,  desiring  to  build  houses 
for  themselves,  had  not  means  for  the  erec- 
tion of  structures  of  brick  or  other  fire- 
proof materials.  These  circumstances 
acted  decidedly  in  favor  of  suburban 
localities,  to  which  professional  men, 
clerks,  and  others  of  moderate  income 
were  attracted.  A  feature  of  the  real 
estate  business  since  then  has  been 
the  suburban  trade.  Evanston  receiving  a 
large  influx  of  people  at  the  time  of  the 
Chicago  fire.  The\-  were  attracted  by  its 
accessibility,  its  delightful  surroundings, 
and  the  high  character  of  the  people  who 
already    resided    in    the    village.      The    re- 


298 


EVANSTON  REAL  ESTATE 


striction  of  the  liquor  faffic,  making  it  il- 
legal to  sell  or  manufacture  alcoholic  bever- 
ages, has  had  a  beneficial  effect,  not  only  in 
giving  the  community  a  high  standard,  but 
in  maintaining  and  enhancing  the  value  of 
property  within  its  limits.  The  preference 
of  the  people  for  homes  outside  of  Chicago 
created  an  unusual  demand  for  houses  and 
lots  in  Evanston.  Prices  advanced  rapidly, 
and  the  building  of  houses  and  the  selling 
of  them  became  a  profitable  business.  Keen 
and  wide-awake  business  men  were  quick  to 
grasp  the  situation,  and  soon  there  were 
new  sub-divisions  of  land  into  lots.  These 
were  disposed  of  rapidly  and  other  sub- 
divisions made;  and  sold  out.  There  was  a 
boom  in  real  estate.  The  buying  of  acres 
and  subdividing  them  was  so  extensive  that, 
to  this  day,  the  growth  of  our  city  has  been 
inadequate  to  bring  them  into  the  market 
for  residence  purposes.  As  we  view  some 
of  these  outlying  sub-divisions,  now  occu- 
pied, fallowed  or  returned  to  nature,  we 
wonder  at  the  credulity,  the  misguided 
judgment  and  the  almost  criminality  of  the 
men  who  made  them.  It  does  not  seem  pos- 
sible that  any  one  could  have  been  so  mis- 
guided as  to  expect  these  sub-divisions  to 
become  the  homes  of  other  beings  than  the 
musk-rat  or  the  gopher.  The  time  of  dis- 
illusion came  in  the  panic  of  1873.  Prices 
took  a  tumble  from  which,  after  thirty  years, 
they  have  scarcely  recovered.  Evanston  was 
tainted  by  the  same  wild  speculation  in 
"undigested"  real  estate  as  Chicago.  Many 
people  sufifered  the  bitter  experience  of  los- 
ing their  property  by  foreclosure  and  many 
were  burdened  with  property  they  could  not 
afford  to  keep.  Values  were  brought  to  the 
lowest  level,  and,  after  several  years  of 
adjustment,  a  healthful  progress  began 
which  has  continued  up  to  the  present  time. 
During  the  last  twenty-five  years  there 
have  been  many  interesting  changes  in  the 
character  and  property  of  certain   locali- 


ties, and  a  shifting  more  or  less  of  popular 
favor  as  to  residence  sections  and  business 
localities.  While  prices  in  some  parts  of 
the  city  have  not  yet  come  back  to  the 
speculaton  values  of  years  ago,  the  pres- 
ent value  of  most  of  our  Evanston  real 
estate  has  never  before  been  reached.  In  the 
business  center  of  the  city  there  is  some 
property  that  has  never  decreased  in 
value.  The  property  along  Davis  Street 
has  held  its  own,  notwithstanding  the  es- 
tablishment of  business  centers  at  Main, 
Dempster  and  Central  Streets. 

Local  Rivalries. — There  has  always 
been  more  or  less  of  a  good  natured  rival- 
ry between  the  East  and  West  Side  prop- 
erty owners,  the  railroads  passing  through 
the  middle  of  the  city  being  the  dividing 
line.  The  East-Siders  have  the  Library 
L'uiversity,  banks,  several  clubs  and  the 
leading  stores  and  parks,  together  with 
the  lake,  as  their  chief  attractive  features; 
while  the  West-Siders  claim  the  rise  of 
land  along  the  Ridge,  the  High  School, 
the  Country  Club,  the  unobstructed  view 
of  the  sunsets,  and  protection  from  the 
harsh  winds  which  sometimes  sweep  over 
the  lake.  The  point  of  excellence  in  fine 
residences  is  about  equally  divided  be- 
tween the  two  sides.  It  has  been  my  ob- 
servation, however,  during  an  experience 
of  twenty-five  years  in  the  real  estate 
business,  and  as  a  resident  of  Evanston, 
that  the  difference  between  the  East  and 
\^'est  sides  is  a  species  of  fancy  rather 
than  of  fact ;  that  it  is  largely  a  question 
of  neighbors  and  friends.  Upon  which- 
ever side  a  person  first  makes  his  home  there 
he  will  soon  form  acquaintances  and  friend- 
ships that  will  bring  contentment  and 
happiness.  This  is  the  truth  of  the  whole 
matter  in  a  nut-shell.  Values  are  about 
equally  divided  on  both  sides.  Property 
held  at  the  highest  price  is  found  on  each 
side,  and  from  this  to  the  lowest  priced 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


299 


lots  there  is  about  an  equal  division. 
This,  however,  was  not  true  in  the  early 
days.  The  finest  residences  were  on  the 
West  Side,  and  the  value  of  Ridge  Avenue 
lots  was  considered  twice  as  great  as  that 
of  lots  in  the  Lake  district.  The  change 
of  value  has  been  greater  in  this  district 
because  of  its  recent  improvements  and 
its    new    buildings. 

Evanston  Residences. — The  residences 
of  Evanston,  for  the  most  part,  are  of 
frame  structure.  There  have  been  some 
typical  houses  which  represent  the  time 
in  which  they  were  built.  The  oldest  of 
these  is  the  residence  of  D.  H.  Burnham, 
which  is  unique  in  having  the  walls  of 
cement  or  grout.  It  was  built  by  Mr.  Geo. 
H.  Bliss  about  1859,  and  was  then  consid- 
ered one  of  the  finest  in  the  town.  The 
house  of  Mr.  James  Rood,  on  Davis  Street, 
which  was  built  by  L.  L.  Greenleaf  in 
the  early  'seventies,  was  typical  of  many 
houses  of  a  similar  structure.  Other  old- 
timers  may  be  mentioned.  Mr.  O.  F. 
Gibbs  built  the  Mulford  home  on  Ridge 
Avenue,  which  was  sold  to  James  S.  Kirk, 
and  is  now  owned  by  the  Saint  Francis 
Hospital.  Then  there  are  T.  C.  Hoag's 
residence,  corner  of  Davis  and  Hinman, 
built  in  1856 ;  Judge  Harvey  B.  Kurd's  home 
on  Ridge  Avenue ;  the  Purington  hom'e,  a 
part  of  which  is  now  included  in  the  resi- 
dence of  Mr.  Frank  C.  Letts  on  Green- 
wood Boulevard;  the  brick  residence  on 
Ridge  and  Greenwood,  built  by  Mr.  Geo. 
F.  Foster  in  1863  and  sold  to  the  late 
Charles  Comstock;  Mrs.  Watson's  house 
on  Ridge  Avenue,  and  the  Somer's  home- 
stead on  Chicago  Avenue  and  University 
Place.  Among  the  finest  residences  built 
within  the  last  twenty  years  may  be  men- 
tioned those  owned  by  W.  H.  Bartlett,  Mil- 
ton H.  Wilson,  R.  D.  Sheppard,  Arthur  Orr, 
Mrs.  C.  H.  Rowe.  J.  C.  Shafifer,  Mrs.  Vir- 
ginia M.  Hamline,  James  A.  Patten,  Mrs. 


H.  R.  Wilson,  John  B.  Kirk,  R.  C.  Lake 
and  C.  A.  Ward. 

During  the  past  five  years  there  has 
been  an  evolution  in  building,  and  the 
first  fiat  and  apartment  buildings  have 
made  their  appearance  in  our  midst.  This 
is  in  line  with  the  progressing  movement 
of  real  estate,  as  they  bring  a  far  greater 
income  than  can  be  obtained  by  other  im- 
provements. Property  that  is  losing  at- 
tractiveness for  residence  purposes,  and 
which  cannot,  by  the  nature  of  the  case, 
become  business  property,  can  thus  be 
utilized  for  profitable  investment.  Sadly 
deficient  are  our  hotel  accommodations. 
What  is  needed  is  a  first-class,  fire-proof 
hotel,  with  modern  appointments,  a  new 
library  building  and  an  auditorium.  The 
churches  are  now  used  extensively  for  all 
public  meetings.  Evanston  has  passed 
the  lyceum  era,  and  is  now  ripe  for  the 
buildings  which  modern  up-to-date  cities 
possess.  Every  public  improvement  adds 
to  the  comfort  of  the  people  and,  conse- 
quently, enhances  the  value  of  real  estate. 

During  the  time  prior  to  the  Chicago 
fire,  Evanston  had  among  its  population 
many  men  who,  a  few  years  later,  were  to 
make  it  famous  through  their  achieve- 
ments. The  foundations  of  many  of  the 
best  homes  were  laid,  and  definite  plans 
for  future  development  were  made.  They 
were,  of  course,  crude  and  incomplete; 
but  the  men  of  Evanston  had  a  fair  con- 
ception of  the  possibilities  here  for  a  city 
of  homes.  The  men  who  were  actively 
engaged  in  real  estate  at  this  time  were 
L.  L.  Greenleaf,  Rev.  Obadiah  Huse, 
Charles  E.  Brown,  D.  P.  Kidder,  J.  H. 
Kedzie.  J.  H.  Keeney.  Merrill  Ladd.  C. 
L.  Jenks,  O.  A.  Grain,  J.  W.  Stewart,  L. 
C.  Pitner.  I.  R.  Hitt,  Andrew  J.  Brown, 
George  M.  Huntoon,  Gen.  White,  Eli 
Gafifield,  O.  F.  Gibbs,  Charles  J.  Gilbert 
and  Joseph  M.  Lyons. 


300 


EVANSTON  REAL  ESTATE 


There  have  been  other  eras  when  the 
immigration  to  Evanston  has  induced  some- 
what more  than  the  natural  growth.  In 
1892.  during  the  World's  Fair,  when  Ev- 
anston prospered  with  Chicago,  there 
were  many  new  residences  built,  some  of 
them  costing  from  $50,000  to  $75,000  each. 

The  Transportation  Problem. — One  of 
the  striking  features  of  the  real  estate  sit- 
uation just  now  is  the  effect  of  rapid 
transportation  upon  it.  Electric  and 
steam  railroads  have  had  marked  influ- 
ence on  the  value  of  residence  property. 
There  is  no  question  that  this  influence 
is  felt  on  real  estate  values  all  along  the 
lines  of  railroad  extension.  Outlying 
properties  in  communities  more  remote 
have  been  brought  into  competition  with 
those  which  heretofore  have  had  the  advan- 
tage of  accessibility.  Fast  train  facilities 
make  it  possible  for  a  man  to  have  a  home 
thirty  miles  distant  from  Chicago  where  land 
is  cheap.  Competition  is  thus  extended. 
Other  and  better  inducements  for  real  es- 
tate within  the  nearer  districts  of  Chicago, 
must  be  made  to  meet  this  outside  compe- 
tition. That  inducement  is  best  solved  by 
the  reduction  of  price,  and  this  is  what  has 
happened  in  many  suburban  towns,  in- 
cluding Evanston. 

Evanston  has  two  railroads  and  two 
electric  street  car  lines.  When  these  were 
started  the  increase  of  population  in  our 
city  was  noticeable.  These  roads  have 
created  a  market  for  property,  and  values 
have  been  stimulated  thereby.  It  is  rea- 
sonable to  expect  a  great  increase  in  the 
growth  of  our  city.  With  better  equip- 
ment for  transportation  service,  and  when 
passengers  can  be  landed  in  the  heart  of 
Chicago,  many  people  will  come  here  to 
live.  The  importance  of  Evanston  is,  in 
a  large  measure,  determined  by  its  rela- 
tionship with  Chicago.     It  is  dominated. 


with  all  other  cities  in  the  Northwest,  by 
that  great  metropolis. 

The  Park  System. — The  parks  of  Ev- 
anston have  been  limited  to  the  lake  shore 
south  of  the  University  campus,  and  the 
block  bounded  by  Chicago,  Hinman,  Lake 
and  Grove  Streets.  These  parks  were 
given  by  the  Northwestern  University, 
when  the  original  plat  of  Evanston  was 
made.  During  the  last  ten  years  consider- 
able attention  has  been  given  to  the  devel- 
opment of  our  park  system,  especially 
along  the  Lake  Shore,  where  the  city  has 
filled  and  graded  and  planted  trees  and 
shrubs.  The  trees  which  were  planted  by 
the  early  settlers  along  the  park  way  of 
the  streets,  have  become  strong  and  vig- 
orous, and  in  many  streets  their  tops  have 
spread  out  until  they  meet,  forming  beauti- 
ful archways.  Our  elms  are  noted  for 
their  beauty  and  hardiness.  They  line 
the  streets  everywhere  and  are  so  mani- 
festly symmetrical  and  vigorous,  that  the 
city  seems  to  be  nestling  in  the  forest. 
Nowhere,  except  in  the  old  New  England 
towns,  are  they  so  attractive.  There  are 
few  fences  dividing  the  ownership  of  lots 
and,  with  its  well  groomed  lawns,  the 
whole  city  is,  in  a  certain  sense,  a  great 
park.  Flowers,  shrubs  and  trees  adorn 
most  of  the  grounds. 

In  the  early  days  the  streets  were  sim- 
ply as  nature  made  them.  The  cedar-block 
pavement  was  cheap  and,  perhaps,  the 
best  that  could  be  had  at  that  time,  but  it 
had  to  be  replaced  by  modern  pavements, 
divided  between  macadam,  brick  and  as- 
phalt. With  few  exceptions,  all  the 
streets  are  now  paved  with  these  substantial 
and  durable  pavements. 

Taxation. — When  the  subject  of  taxes 
is  mentioned,  there  always  arises  the 
question  of  the  non-payment  of  taxes  on 
the  property  owned  by  the  Northwestern 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


301 


University.  Before  the  University  had 
sold  much  of  its  property  this  was  a  seri- 
ous matter:  for  under  its  charter  the  Uni- 
versity was  exempt  from  paying  all  gen- 
eral taxes.  However,  in  street  improve- 
ments, such  as  sewers,  water  mains  and 
side-walks,  the  University  has  always  paid 
its  full  share.  The  policy  of  the  Universi- 
ty has  been  liberal  in  the  selling  of  its 
property.  In  1874,  a  restriction  was  im- 
posed by  Gov.  Evans,  who  had  given  a 
large  sum  of  money  (Sioo.ooo),  as  report- 
ed), with  the  understanding  that  one-quar- 
ter of  every  block  remaining  unsold 
should  be  held  by  the  University  for  leas- 
ing purposes  only.  The  leasing  of  prop- 
ert}'  for  business  purposes  was  on  the 
basis  of  six  per  cent  on  a  conservative  val- 
uation for  a  period  of  fifty  or  ninetA-nine 
years,  with  the  added  condition  of  a  re- 
valuation every  ten  years.  On  residence 
property  the  rate  of  interest  was  four  per 
cent.  Considering  the  fact  that  there  was 
no  general  tax  to  be  paid  except  on  the  im- 
provements, and  none  on  the  land,  many 
of  these  leases  were  made.  As  long  as 
high  rates  of  interest  continued,  these 
leases  were  considered  desirable,  but  since 
money  rates  have  become  reduced,  they 
are  no  longer  in  demand.  The  restriction 
imposed  by  Gov.  Evans  has  since  been  re- 
scintled,  and  the  University  can  sell  any 
of  its  property.  The  policy,  however, 
has  not  been  to  sell  where  leases  have 
been  made.  The  tax  rate  is  about  one  per 
cent  on  the  actual  value  of  the  propertv. 
If  the  real  estate  is  valued  at  $10,000,  the 
tax  will  be  about  $100.  The  Assessor, 
however,  in  making  his  valuations,  places 
it  at  one-fifth  the  real  value.  The  tax 
covers  the  amount  needed  for  public 
schools,  which  are  of  the  highest  order 
of  excellence,  and  consequently  expensive 
to  maintain.     It  also  covers  the  amount 


used  for  the  Public  Library,  State,  Coun- 
ty and  City. 

The  University,  as  a  landlord,  has  been 
conservative,  and  the  sale  of  its  property 
is  made  only  at  current  valuation.  It  has 
made  only  limited  improvements  on  its 
property,  when  it  might  have  made  others 
which  would  have  been  helpful  in  develop- 
ing districts  where  it  owned  large  tracts 
of  land.  It  is  not  difficult  to  conceive  that 
the  policy  of  building  homes  on  its  resi- 
dence lots  would  have  contributed  to  the 
benefit  of  the  University,  as  well  as  to 
the  interests  of  the  city  at  large. 

Evanston  Homes. — One  great  charm  of 
Evanston  lies  in  its  homes.  Lake  Michi- 
gan is  the  prime  element  in  its  landscape. 
The  meandering  shore,  with  its  borders 
of  sand,  is  a  source  of  unfailing  delight. 
To  the  west  is  a  commanding  view  of  the 
setting  sun,  with  its  glory  of  color.  Mr. 
D.  LI.  Burnham,  the  Director  of  Works 
of  the  World's  Fair,  in  a  recent  address 
pays  this  tribute  to  our  city:  "Evanston," 
he  says,  "is  the  most  beautiful  city  in  the 
world.  There  are  cities  that  surpass  Ev- 
anston in  natural  scenery  and  in  other  sin- 
gle points  many  are  superior:  but  take 
the  city  as  a  whole,  as  a  place  of  residence, 
there  is  none  to  equal  it.  Evanston  has 
the  most  beautiful  streets  to  be  found 
anywhere,  and  their  bordering  trees  make 
of  the  town  a  veritable  park.  Many  of  its 
residences  also  are  incomparable  as  exam- 
ples of  high  class  architecture. 

"Besides  these  points  of  beauty,  there 
are  the  lake  shore  and  the  bordering 
fields.  Perhaps  the  greatest  charm  about 
the  city  is  its  atmosphere  of  refinement 
and  culture  that  is  reflected  in  every  one's 
daily  life.  It  has  resulted  from  the  gath- 
ering here  of  a  higher  class  of  people  than 
is  usually  found  in  a  city,  and  this  condi- 
tion is  constantly  drawing  to  it  more  peo- 
ple of  the  same  class." 


2,02 


EVANSTON  REAL  ESTATE 


It  is  seen,  therefore,  that  the  market 
for  real  estate  in  Evanston  has  been  made, 
first,  by  the  influence  of  the  Northwestern 
University;  second,  by  the  immigration 
following  the  Chicago  fire  ;  third,  its  trans- 
portation facilities ;  and  fourth,  by  the 
character  of  its  citizens,  its  substantial 
improvements,  and  its  attractive  sur- 
roundings. 

Real  Estate  Values. — The  value  of 
property  in  Evanston  for  business  pur- 
poses is  from  $ioo  to  $500  per  front  foot ; 
for  residence  lots  of  the  better  localities, 
from  $50  to  $300  per  front  foot.  In  the 
outlying  districts  lots  are  valued  from 
$10  to  $40  per  foot.  The  fact  that  Evans- 
ton is  not  exclusive  or  made  up  of  one 
class  of  people,  with  high  priced  building 
restrictions,  but  is  cosmopolitan,  includ- 
ing all  classes,  with  every  kind  of  artisan, 
workman    and    professional    business    man. 


makes  it  an  ideal  place  for  residence. 
During  each  decade  it  has  won  new  and 
added  interest.  Its  school  and  home  cir- 
cles have  been  "stamped  with  a  propriety 
seal;"  its  churches,  representing  every  de- 
nomination and  creed,  are  tolerant  and 
full  of  enthusiasm ;  its  civic  government, 
made  up  of  the  best  representation  of  its 
people ;  its  healthfulness,  the  absence  of  the 
degrading  influence  of  vice — these,  and 
much  more,  make  Evanston  a  place  where 
men,  women  and  children  may  live  in  se- 
curity, in  the  enjoyment  of  many  privi- 
leges and  much  happiness. 

On  returning  from  excursions  into  re- 
gions far  and  near,  one  is  eager  to  re- 
affirm these  beauties  and  the  restful  wel- 
come of  Evanston.  This  is  why  real  es- 
tate in  this  city  has  a  value  so  completely 
entrenched  and  so  strongly  fortified  that 
it  can  never  be  effaced. 


CHAPTKR    XXXIII. 


EVANSTON  ARCHITECTURE 


(By  EDOAR  O. 

Historic  Progress — Influence  of  the  Arch- 
itect on  the  City's  Growth — The  "Geor- 
gian" Style  folloivs  the  Log  and  Grout 
Houses — Churches  and  Private  Resi- 
dences— Advent  of  the  Victorian  Gothic 
Style — University  Hall  and  Union  Park 
Congregational  Church — Architect  G.  P. 
Randall  the  Designer — Asa  Lyons  Evan- 
ston's  First  Resident  Architect — Others 
who  follozved  him — Description  of  Sonic 
Notable  Buildings  and  their  Designers — 
Public  Library — Enumeration  of  Princi- 
pal Private  and  Public  Buildings. 

The  credit  for  historical  progress  should 
be  given  not  only  to  the  soldiers,  politi- 
cians, preachers  and  financiers,  but  the 
men  who  create  our  environment  should 
be  remembered  for  the  permanent  ob- 
jects of  influence  they  leave  behind  them. 
Too  often  the  architect,  who  designs  the 
monument,  is  forgotten  and  the  man  who 
paid  for  it  remembered. 

It  is  the  first  purpose  of  this  article  to 
serve  as  a  reminder  of  some  of  the  men 
who  have  influenced  Evanston,  not  by 
giving  their  wealth  but  by  giving  their 
ideas ;  by  putting  themselves  into  the 
buildings  which  they  designed.  It  will 
also  be  attempted  to  give  a  list  of 
the  most  interesting  buildings,  not  for 
size  or  cost  but  for  architecture.  It  is 
difficult,   however,   in  a   short  sketch,   to 


BLAKE,  Architect) 

cover  every  work  of  architectural  art  in 
a  city  like  Evanston,  which  has  been 
served  by  at  least  fifty  men  as  designers 
of  its  many  buildings. 

Historical. — In  the  later  eighteenth  and 
the  early  nineteenth  century,  a  style  of 
architecture,  called  the  "Georgian,"  was 
in  quite  general  use  in  this  country. 
Books  of  designs  in  this  style  were  pub- 
lished and  used  quite  freely  by  builders 
in  the  scarcity  of  professional  designers. 
It  is  evident  that  some  of  these  old  books 
fognd  their  way  to  Evanston  in  the  early 
d^s ;  for,  after  the  log  houses  and  "grout" 
houses,  many  of  the  old  buildings  show 
quite  plainly  the  ear-marks  of  these  publi- 
cations. 

Under  this  head  come  the  Bull-head 
Tavern,  still  standing  on  east  side  of 
Ridge  Avenue  north  of  Noyes  Street ;  the 
old  Kline  house  in  same  neighborhood ; 
the  Hoag  homestead,  on  the  southwest 
corner  of  Hinman  Avenue  and  Davis 
Street ;  the  Crain  house,  now  standing  on 
University  Place,  just  west  of  Sherman 
Avenue,  and  another  old  house  on  the 
east  side  of  Ridge  Avenue  south  of  Simp- 
son Street.  Most  of  these  buildings  were 
erected  prior  to  i860.  Dempster  Hall, 
built  on  the  Campus  in  1854,  was  probably 
the  first  important  building  erected.  It 
was  destroyed  by  fire  thirty  years  ago, 
but  pictures  show  it  to  have  had  no  more 


303 


304 


EVANSTON  ARCHITECTURE 


style  than  the  old  Preparatory  Building, 
which  was  erected  in  1855. 

The  first  church  built  by  the  Metho- 
dists, in  1856,  was  a  well  proportioned  ex- 
ample of  the  Georgian  style;  also  the 
Northwestern  Female  College,  which  was 
erected  in  1857  on  grounds  west  side  of 
Chicago  Avenue,  between  Lake  Street 
and  Greenwood  Street,  and  the  old  Ben- 
son Avenue  School,  with  its  queer  belfry, 
built  in  i860. 

One  of  the  oldest  residences  at  present 
standing  was  erected  in  1862,  by  General 
Julius  White,  on  the  northwest  corner  of 
Davis  Street  and  Chicago  Avenue.  It 
was  moved  in  1872  to  its  present  location 
at  1028  Judson  Avenue. 

Most  of  the  work  between  i860  and 
1870  had  very  little  interest.  The  original 
church  buildings  erected  by  the  Baptists 
(in  1865).  the  Presbyterians  (in  1866)  and 
the  Congregationalists  (in  1868),  were  of 
no  special  style,  and  all  disappeared  twen- 
ty years  ago  to  make  way  for  modern 
buildings,  the  present  Presbyterjan 
church  being  the  third  erected  on  me 
same  site. 

The  so-called  Victorian  Gothic  style 
was  now  making  its  appearance,  and  ex- 
amples may  be  seen  in  Heck  Hall,  built 
on  the  campus  in  1867,  and  Willard  Hall, 
built  in  1871.  with  their  mansard  roofs 
and  other  characteristic  details.  The 
present  building  of  the  First  Methodist 
church  was  built  in  1870,  and  is  interest- 
ing because  it  has  so  long  been  the  princi- 
pal auditorium  in  the  city. 

In  1873  was  completed  Evanston's  first 
real  work  of  architecture — University 
Hall — and  it  still  has  no  superior  among 
Evanston  buildings.  It  was  designed  as 
an  American  adaptation  of  the  English 
Collegiate  Gothic  by  Architect  G.  P.  Ran- 
dall, who  was  one  of  Chicago's  leading 
architects  at  that  time.     He  was  a  Ver- 


monter  by  birth,  a  self-educated  man,  an 
author  of  several  books  on  architecture, 
and  designed  a  large  number  of  churches, 
schools  and  other  public  buildings.  He 
died  in  1885  and,  for  a  number  of  years 
previous,  lectured  on  scientific  subjects. 
One  of  the  best  of  his  buildings  in  Chi- 
cago was  the  Union  Park  Congregational 
church.  He  claimed  to  be  the  first  archi- 
tect using  the  dished  floor  and  semi-cir- 
cular arrangement  of  seats  in  churches. 
Mr.  Randall  showed  his  originality  and 
genius  in  selecting  the  style  he  did  for 
University  Hall,  so  totally  different  from 
the  conventional  buildings  being  built  here 
at  the  same  period.  Its  fitness  is  attested 
by  the  fact  that  Chicago  University,  after 
long  consideration,  has  selected  a  very- 
similar  general  style.  Is  it  too  much  to 
claim  that  the  constant  proximity  of  this 
work  of  art  has  affected,  not  only  the  ar- 
chitecture, but  the  general  life  of  Evans - 
ton  since  that  time? 

Evanston's  first  resident  architect  was 
Asa  Lyons,  and  he  deserves  credit  for 
establishing  himself  in  such  a  small  town. 
It  is  also  a  credit  to  Evanston  that  it  was 
willing  to  support  an  architect  at  that 
early  day.  Architect  Lyons  came  in  1872 
and  designed  a  great  number  of  the  houses 
being  put  up  by  Warren  and  Keeney  in 
the  south  end  of  town.  Later  he  erected 
the  second  building  of.  the  Presbyterian 
church.  He  was  "the"  architect  for  ten 
years.  A  pretty  good  example  of  his 
style  is  the  house  at  1043  Hinman  Avenue. 
Among  his  last  works  in  Evanston  were 
the  Simpson  market  on  corner  of  Davis 
Street  and  Sherman  Avenue,  built  in  1882 
and  famous  at  that  time  for  its  tile  floor 
and  fountain ;  and  the  original  township 
high  school  building  erected  in  1883,  and 
since  incorporated  in  the  present  edifice. 

Two  good  examples  of  the  work  done 
between  1870  and   1880  are  the  C.  J.  Gil- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


305 


bert  house,  on  Asbury  Avenue,  near  Em- 
erson Street,  now  owned  by  j\Ir.  T.  L. 
Pansier,  and  the  Haskins  house  on  the 
northeast  corner  of  Hinman  Avenue  and 
Davis  Street.  At  this  time  there  were 
several  places  especially  admired  for  their 
landscape  architecture — the  Kirk  home- 
stead, at  the  south  end  of  Ridge  Avenue, 
the  Edwin  Lee  Brown  place,  at  the  foot 
of  Hamilton  Street,  and  the  Old  Soldier's 
Home  grounds,  at  the  foot  of  Main  Street. 
The  Kirk  homestead  is  the  only  one  re- 
maining in  nearly  its  former  beauty. 

The  next  architects  to  leave  their  im- 
press on  Evanston  architecture  were 
Isaacson  &  Bourgeois,  and  when  it  is  told 
that  they  designed  the  Congregational 
church  in  1886,  that  is  sufficient  to  keep 
them  in  long  remembrance. 

During  the  ten  years  from  1880  to  1890, 
the  firm  of  Edbrooke  &  Burnham  put  up 
quite  a  number  of  houses  in  Evanston.  It 
was  the  period  of  the  "Queen  Anne" 
in  architecture.  Probably  the  residence 
of  Dr.  AI.  C.  Bragdon,  1709  Chicago  Ave- 
nue, is  as  typical  of  this  period  as  any 
other. 

Now  began  building  on  a  large  scale  by 
many  architects  of  all  degrees  of  ability. 
About  the  time  that  Architect  Lyons 
sought  other  fields  for  his  genius,  Air.  S. 
A.  Jennings  began  the  practice  of  architec- 
ture here  on  a  small  scale,  but  Evanston 
was  growing  fast  and,  through  the  force  of 
circumstances,  he  became  the  busy  archi- 
tect from  1885  to  1895.  During  that  time 
he  designed  several  hundred  buildings  for 
all  purposes  and  of  all  sizes  and  varying 
cost,  but  all  in  one  style.  A  critic  who 
has  seen  two  or  three  of  his  houses  can 
recognize  his  hand  in  all  the  others,  and 
there  is  hardly  a  block  in  the  entire  city 
where  he  has  not  left  his  mark.  There  is 
no  doubt  he  designed  more  Evanston 
buildings  than  anv  other  one  man  before 


or  since.  The  substantial  homes  of  J. 
W.  Low,  1560  Oak  Avenue,  and  Timothy 
Dwight,  730  Hinman  Avenue,  are  typical 
"Jennings"  houses.  Perhaps  the  most  ex- 
pensive of  his  houses  was  the  W.  H.  Jones 
house,  1232  Ridge  Avenue,  now  owned 
by  W.  H.  Redington. 

During  the  period  of  building  activity 
between  1890  and  1895,  a  number  of  other 
architects  especially  identified  themselves 
with  Evanston — another  Jennings  with  in- 
itials J.  T.  W.,  Mr.  J.  T.  Lane,  Charles  R. 
Ayars,  P.  C.  Stewart  and,  last  of  all,  the 
author  of  this  article.  The  work  of  these 
later  men  will  be  mentioned  in  the  descrip- 
tive portion  of  this  article. 

Foregoing  are  all  the  architects  who 
have  been  especially  identified  with  Ev- 
anston architecture,  although  many  whose 
principal  practice  was  elsewhere  have 
lived  here  and  have,  possibly,  added  more 
to  the  beauty  of  its  buildings  than  the 
local   men. 

Descriptive. — The  first  appearance  of 
Evanston  is  not  prepossessing  to  the  ar- 
chitectural critic.  Davis  Street  is  not  es- 
pecially a  poem  in  brick  and  stone.  In 
fact,  some  of  it  is  still  wood.  This,  how- 
ever, is  a  general  characteristic  of  Ameri- 
can cities  and  on  overlooking  this,  a  num- 
ber of  good  designs  appear.  Those  most 
worthy  of  mention  are  the  City  Hall,  a 
work  of  Holabird  and  Roche;  the  Century 
Building  in  renaissance  style,  by  C.  R. 
.A.yars ;  the  Rood  Building,  by  J.  T.  W. 
Jennings ;  and  the  new  Simpson  Building, 
Xo.  616,  b}'  John  D.  Atchison. 

On  Grove  Street,  just  west  of  the  Police 
Station,  the  building  of  the  Evanston 
Heating  Company  is  worthy  of  notice  as 
a  reasonable  expression  of  purpose  in  de- 
sign. It  is  the  work  of  Myron  Hunt.  An- 
other important  building  in  this  vicinity 
is  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Building  by  Holabird 
and  Roche. 


3o6 


EVANSTON  ARCHITECTURE 


At  the  east  end  of  Davis  Street  one  en- 
ters the  residence  district.  On  the  south- 
west corner  of  Forest  Avenue  is  a  good 
house  in  French  domestic  Gothic  style 
by  Burnham  &  Root.  At  1616  Forest 
Avenue,  north  of  Davis  Street,  is  the 
house  of  C.  A.  Ward,  in  Southern  Colonial 
style,  by  G.  L.  Harvey.  The  house  of 
F.  S.  Martin,  corner  of  Forest  Avenue  and 
Church  Street,  is  a  good  sample  of  the 
modern  plastered  Ijuilding. 

The  University  buildings  are,  of  course, 
the  most  studied  by  strangers.  Nearest 
to  the  lake  is  the  very  conveniently  ar- 
ranged Academy  building  by  D.  H.  Burn- 
ham  &  Co.  The  only  criticism  ever  made 
on  it  was  by  some  wag,  who  pitied  the 
poor  little  bear  up  on  the  top  trying  to 
hide  behind  a  stone  shield.  At  the  end 
of  Hinman  Avenue  is  Science  Hall,  by 
Holabird  &  Roche,  north  of  this  Universi- 
ty Hall,  which  has  already  been  men- 
tioned. The  School  of  Oratory,  in  Vene- 
tian Gothic  style,  is  the  work  of  C.  R. 
Ayars.  Heck  Hall  is  one  of  the  older 
buildings  mentioned  in  the  historical 
sketch.  Memorial  Hall  was  designed  by 
W.  W.  Boyington,  and  is  supposed  to  be 
Romanesque  in  style.  This  architect  also 
designed  the  Observatory.  One  of  the 
finest  of  the  University  buildings  is  Or- 
rington  Lunt  Library,  in  pure  classic 
style,  by  W.  A.  Otis. 

On  the  west  side  of  Sheridan  Road,  fac- 
ing the  Campus,  are  a  number  of  artistic 
houses.  The  comparatively  small  resi- 
dence at  No.  ir)02  is  considered  by  many 
one  of  the  best  proportioned  houses  in 
Evanston.  North  of  this  are  several  of 
the  S.  A.  Jennings  houses.  No.  2016  is 
the  home  of  Dr.  C.  J.  Little,  designed  by 
W.  A.  Otis.  No.  21 10  is  Dr.  Bonbright's 
house  by  C.  R.  Ayars.  No.  21 14  is  the 
residence  of  J.  Scott  Clark,  designed  by 


himself  with  the  advice  and  assistance  of 
D.  IL  Perkins,  architect. 

This  neighborhood  is  favored  by  men 
who  are  their  own  architects.  On  the 
south  side  of  Noyes  Street  are  two  houses, 
designed  by  Vernon  J.  Hall  for  himself, 
and  at  620  Hamlin  Street  is  Professor 
Crew's  own  design.  On  the  northwest  cor- 
ner of  Sheridan  Road  and  Milburn  Street 
is  the  house  of  E.  F.  Brown,  by  Handy 
&  Cady.  At  2645  Sheridan  Road  is  the 
house  of  C.  \V.  Deering.  The  light  house 
is  a  very  good  specimen  of  the  latest  prin- 
ciples in  construction  of  that  class  of 
buildings.  North  of  the  light-house  is  a 
pretty  group  of  houses  called  Ingleside. 
One  of  the  best  of  S.  A.  Jennings'  smaller 
designs  is  next  to  Sheridan  Road  on  the 
north  side  of  the  park.  Beginning  at  the 
north  end  of  Orrington  Avenue  are  a 
number  of  good  examples  of  modern  plas- 
ter architecture,  mostly  belonging  to  pro- 
fessors in  the  University.  Numbers  2340 
21  ID,  2042,  2038,  2030,  2026,  and  1925  are 
all  of  this  material  in  varying  styles. 
Three  good  apartment  buildings,  de- 
signed by  Myron  Hunt,  come  farther 
south:  the  Boyleston.  614  Clark  Street: 
the  Cambridge,  Clark  and  Orrington,  and 
the  Hereford,  corner  of  Chicago  Avenue 
and  Church  Street — this  last  being  an  es- 
pecially good  example  of  the  English 
country  style. 

The  block  on  the  west  side  of  Orrington 
Avenue  contains,  besides  the  old  Willard 
Hall,  the  School  of  IMusic,  a  modern 
brick  design  by  W.  A.  Otis,  and  Chapin 
Hall,  a  Colonial  design  by  C.  R.  Ayars. 

The  new  Public  Library,  a  classic  build- 
ing by  C.  A.  Phillips,  will  stand  on  the 
the  northeast  corner  of  Orrington  Avenue 
and  Church  Street.  On  the  southeast 
corner  of  the  same  streets  is  the  Fowler 
studio,   an   artistic   design,   both   exterior 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


307 


and  interior,  the  work  of  P.  C.  Stewart. 
One  block  west  the  new  Post  Office  is 
being  erected  from  designs  by  the  govern- 
ment architect. 

On  Ridge  Avenue,  near  the  north  city 
Hmits,  is  the  Evanston  Hospital,  an  ex- 
cellent brick  building  in  the  style  of  the 
Georgian  period  by  G.  L.  Harvey.  A  lit- 
tle farther  south,  after  passing  the  old 
Kline  house  and  the  Bull-Head  Tavern, 
comes  the  Academy  of  Visitation.  Only 
the  south  wing  has  been  built.  The  de- 
sign is  drawn  from  Royal  HoUaway  Col- 
lege, at  Egham,  England.  H.  J.  Schlacks 
is  the  architect. 

Over  in  the  vicinity  of  Church  Street 
and  Wesley  Avenue  is  a  group  of  inter- 
esting houses  designed  by  Myron  Hunt 
— Xos.  1613,  1617,  and  1606  Wesley  Ave- 
nue are  among  them. 

The  United  Presbyterian  church,  in  the 
same  vicinity,  is  a  good  piece  of  brick  ar- 
chitecture in  Italian  Romanesque  style. 
No.  1456  Ridge  Avenue,  the  residence  of 
John  B.  Kirk,  is  a  good  example  of  mod- 
ern   English   country   architecture. 

The  finest  private  residence  in  Evans- 
ton  is  that  of  James  A.  Patten,  on  the 
southwest  corner  of  Ridge  Avenue  and 
Lake  Street.  The  house,  stable,  grounds, 
fences,  decorations  and  furniture  were  all 
designed  by  George  W.  IMaher,  and  it  is 
a  very  good  example  of  what  is  known  as 
the  "Art  Xouveau." 

Across  the  street  is  St.  ]\Iark"s  Episco- 
pal church,  in  Xorman  style,  by  Holabird 
&  Roche,  who  also  designed  the  Country 
Club,  a  large  Colonial  building  a  little 
way  east  on  Lake  Street.  The  interior 
of  St.  Mark's  is  verj'  rich  and  elaborate. 

St.  Mary's  Catholic  church,  on  the  cor- 
ner of  Lake  and  Oak,  was  designed  by 
S.  A.  Jennings.  Next  door  east  is  St. 
Mary's    Hall,    probably    the    best    public 


auditorium    in    Evanston    at    the    present 
time.    It  is  the  work  of  Alurphy  &  Camp. 

The  residence  of  W.  J.  Fabian,  No. 
1509  Ridge  Avenue,  is  an  elaborate  design 
in  timber  work,  a  very  beautiful  work. 

A  description  of  interesting  houses  on 
Ridge  Avenue  would  mean  a  list  of  nearly 
all  and,  in  a  sketch  like  this,  only  the  most 
prominent  can  be  mentioned.  The  Cath- 
erine White  house,  on  the  northeast  cor- 
ner of  Ridge  Avenue  and  Dempster  Street, 
is  a  good  example  of  Myron  Hunt's  work. 

Cn  the  west  side  of  Ridge  Avenue,  be- 
tween Grain  and  Greenleaf  Streets,  are 
three  houses  in  New  England  Colonial 
style  by  W.  C.  Zimmerman,  who  also  de- 
signed a  group  of  very  artistic  shingled 
houses  on  Oak  Avenue  just  east  of  the 
above.  The  residence  at  1123  Ridge  Avenue 
is  one  of  Handy  &  Cady's  designs.  The 
W.  H.  Jones  house,  1232,  has  been  men- 
tioned before. 

A  little  west  of  Ridge  Avenue,  on  corner 
of  Asbur}'  and  Lee.  is  a  very  handsome  lit- 
tle Colonial  church  designed  by  D.  H. 
Perkins. 

St.  Nicholas  Catholic  church,  on  Ridge 
Avenue,  south  of  Main  Street,  is  the  work 
of  Hermann   Gaul. 

Over  at  the  west  end  of  Main  Street  is 
the  W^ashington  School,  designed  on  gen- 
eral Renaissance  lines  by  Patton  and  Mil- 
ler. It  is  most  unique  in  arrangement  of 
floor  plan. 

On  the  corner  of  Main  and  Benson  is 
the  Central  School,  by  Thomas  &  Rapp. 
The  Episcopal  chapel,  corner  of  Main  and 
Sherman,  was  built  by  J.  T.  Lane. 

On  the  northwest  corner  of  Main  Street 
and  Chicago  Avenue  is  the  Sheridan  build- 
ing in  Italian  Renaissance  style  by  J.  E. 
O.  Pridmore — a  very  successful  piece  of 
remodeling  and  adding  to  an  old  building. 

Across    the    street    south    are    the    Park 


3o8 


EVANSTON  ARCHITECTURE 


Apartments,  in  English  lialf-timbered  style 
— very  successful  in  appearance  in  connec- 
tion with  the  park  in  front — designed  by 
the  author  of  this  article. 

A  little  north  of  Main  Street  on  Chicago 
Avenue  is  the  Hemenway  Methodist 
church  by  J.  T.  Long.  The  house  Mr. 
Long  designed  for  himself  on  Sheridan 
Road  just  north  of  Main  Street,  is  inter- 
esting, as  it  contains  a  mantel  removed 
from  the  old  Governor's  house  in  Kas- 
kaskia. 

The  Lincoln  School,  corner  of  Main 
Street  and  Judson,  is  a  very  good  Roman- 
esque design  by  J.  T.  W.  Jennings. 

The  gateway  to  Calvary  Cemetery,  at 
the  extreme  south  end  of  town,  is  a  grace- 
ful Gothic  design  by  J.  J.  Egan,  the  well 
known  church  architect. 

Villa  Celeste,  the  home  of  P.  L.  IMcKin- 
nie.  at  721  Sheridan  Road  is  by  P.  C. 
Stewart. 

Hinman  Avenue  is  another  street  lined 
with  fine  residences.  Beginning  at  the 
south  end,  No.  730  is  the  home  of  Timothy 
Dwight  mentioned  previously.  The  Co- 
lonial house.  No.  740,  is  the  home  of  L. 
L.  Smith.  The  Second  Presbyterian 
church  is  on  the  northeast  corner  of  Main 
and  Hinman.  The  houses  at  918  and  1014 
are  interesting  examples  of  remodeling  old 
houses.  The  work  was  done  by  architects, 
but  more  than  usually  following  sugges- 
tions by  the  owner,  Dr.  A.  W.  Herbert. 

The  Evanston  Apartments  and  Enslee 
Apartments,  on  opposite  corners  of  Lee 
Street,  are  by  John  D.  Atchison.  The 
house  at  1043  was  previously  mentioned  as 
Asa  Lyons'  work.  No.  121 1  is  a  neat 
Swiss  villa  by  C.  R.  Avars.  Numbers 
1115,  1118,  1119,  1126,  and  1209  are  all 
worth  repeating.  The  Hinman  Avenue 
school  on  the  corner  of  Dempster  Street, 
is  a  perfect  colonial  design  by  D.  H.  Burn- 
ham  &  Co.     On  the  southwest  corner  of 


Hinman   and    Lake   is  one   of   Irving   K. 
Pond's  artistic  designs. 

Around  the  park  at  this  corner  are 
grouped  the  unique  Congregational  church ; 
the  Presbyterian  church,  a  Byzantine 
design  by  D.  H.  Burnham  &  Co. ;  the 
Evanston  Club  by  Holabird  &  Roche, 
and   the   graceful    Baptist   church   built    in 

1875- 

Further  north  is  the  Methodist  church, 
before  mentioned.  The  houses  at  1707 
and  on  the  corner  of  Clark  Street  were 
designed  by  W.  A.  Otis,  the  first  in  Eng- 
lish country  style  and  the  second  in 
French  Gothic. 

Forest  Avenue  has  a  number  of  notable 
houses.  No.  1324  is  by  W.  G.  Barfield. 
Dr.  Fuller's  house.  No.  1305,  is  an  inter- 
esting shingled  house,  especially  as  it  is 
said  that  D.  H.  Burnham,  who  stands  at 
the  head  of  his  profession  in  this  coun- 
try, not  only  originated  the  design  but 
made  most  of  the  drawings  with  his  own 
hands. 

No.  13 14  is  a  design  by  Handy  and 
Cady.  Farther  south  at  the  corner  of 
Greenleaf  Street  are  the  Wilson  houses, 
a  group  in  stone,  designed  by  Beers,  Clay 
&  Dutton.  At  the  east  end  of  Greenleaf 
Street  is  the  Boat  Club. 

Sheridan  Road  and  Judson  Avenue  are 
both  worth  seeing  in  this  vicinity. 

At  the  foot  of  Hamilton  Street  the  old 
Edwin  Lee  Brown  place  has  been  sub- 
divided, and  built  up  with  a  number  of 
beautiful  homes,  with  the  slightly  discor- 
dant proximity  of  the  Melwood  Apart- 
ment building.  One  of  the  largest  is  a  com- 
bination design  by  Wilson  &  Marble  at 
1225  Sheridan  Road. 

Greenwood  Boulevard  is  worth  a  tour. 
At  the  east  end  are  the  residences  of  Ar- 
thur Orr  at  202  by  Holabird  &  Roche,  Dr. 
Sheppard's  residence  at  225  by  F.  Ed- 
wards Ficken  of  New  York,  and  the  home 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


309 


of  W.  H.  Bartlett  on  the  corner  of  Forest 
Avenue. 

On  the  northwest  corner  of  Judson  Ave- 
nue is  a  block  of  houses  by  Myron  Hunt. 
At  1424  Judson,  is  one  of  W.  A.  Otis'  de- 
signs. 

Dr.  Webster's  house,  on  the  corner  of 
Chicago  Avenue,  is  one  of  the  best  designs 
in  Evanston.  The  Unitarian  Church,  on 
Chicago  Avenue,  near  by,  is  the  work  of 
a   woman   architect,   Marion   Mahoney. 

West  of  the  railroad  a  little  south  is 
the  High  School,  a  Renaissance  design  by 
C.  R.  Avars.  On  the  corner  of  Green- 
wood and  Oak  is  the  Emanuel  church, 
one  of  the  last  designs  of  John  W.  Root  in 
association  with  D.  H.  Burnham.  His 
death  occurred  soon  after  it  was  started. 

Greenwood  between  Maple  Avenue  and 
the  Ridge  contains  a  number  of  well  de- 
signed houses. 

Up  in  the  woods,  at  what  was  formerly 


North  Evanston,  are  a  large  number  of 
moderate  priced  artistic  homes,  in  partic- 
ular a  group  at  corner  of  Lincoln  Street, 
and  Evanston  Avenue,  by  P.  C.  Stewart. 
D.  H.  Perkins,  architect  for  the  Chicago 
Board  of  Education,  has  built  himself  a 
summer  home  at  2319  Lincoln  Street. 
The  interior  decorations  are  by  Lucy 
Fitch  Perkins. 

The  ]\Iethodist  church,  on  the  corner 
of  Central  Street  and  Prairie  Avenue,  is 
a  neat  piece  of  wood  architecture,  by  C. 
H.  Whittlesey. 

The  new  buildings  now  in  progress  on 
Davis  Street  will  add  greatly  to  Evanston's 
architectural  beauty.  The  one  on  the  north- 
west corner  of  Chicago  Avenue  is  designed 
by  George  W.  Maher.  The  one  being  erect- 
ed on  the  site  of  old  Lyons'  Hall,  at  621 
and  623  Davis  Street,  is  the  work  of  H.  W. 
J.  Edbrooke,  and  the  new  State  Bank  Build- 
ing has  for  its  designer  C.  A.  Phillips. 


CHAPTER   XXXIV. 


STREET    NOMENCLATURE 

(By  J.  SEYMOUR  OURREY,  President  Evanston  Hlstork-al  Society) 


Origin  of  Street  and  Avenue  Names  in  Er- 
anston  —  Village  Platted  in  i8j^  and 
Named  for  Dr.  John  Evans  —  PostotUce 
Previously  Known  as  Ridgez'illc,  and 
Still  Earlier  as  Gross  Point  — ■  Evanston 


mained  vested  in  the  Board  of  Township 
Trustees  as  it  had  been  before.  On  the 
29th  of  December,  1863,  the  village  was 
regularly  incorporated.  This  form  of  gov- 
ernment   continued    until    April    19,    1892, 


Office  Established  in  j8ji§ — Street  Names      when  Evanston  was  incorporated  as  a  city. 

Owing  to  the  preponderating  influence 
on  the  new  community  of  the  Northwest- 
ern University,  which  had  been  estab- 
lished here  under  Methodist  auspices,  the 
names  bestowed  on  the  streets  were  large- 
ly those  of  distinguished  Methodists. 
\\'hen,  however,  later  additions  were 
made  to  the  village,  the  names  were  given 
by  the  new  proprietors  and  the  field  of  se- 
lection was  much  widened.  Many  of 
these  names  are  in  honor  of  old  residents 
or  of  statesmen,  or  those  known  to  the 
promoters  of  the  new  additions,  or  were 
selected  arbitrarilv  because  of  their  fitness 


Derived  from  Prominent  Methodists. 
Early  Residents  or  Noted  Statesmen  — 
History  and  Biography  thus  Incorpo- 
rated in  Street  Nomenclature  —  System 
of  Street  and  Avenue  Numbering  —  List 
of  Principal  Streets  and  Persons  for 
Jl'hom  Named. 

The  village  of  Evanston  was  laid  out 
and  platted  in  the  winter  of  1853-4  under 
the  superintendence  of  Rev.  Philo  Judson, 
who  was  at  that  time  business  agent  of  the 
Northwestern  University.  The  name  of 
Evanston  was  adopted  at  this  time  by  the 
Trustees  of  the  University  in  honor  of  Dr. 
John  Evans,  one  of  the  incorporators  of 
the  University  and  a  liberal  contributor 
to  its  endowment.  Before  that  time  there 
was  no  village  on  the  site  of  Evanston, 
but  a  postofifice  was  in  existence  known  as 
Ridgeville.  In  an  earlier  time  the  post- 
office  had  been  known  as  Gross  Point. 
The  latter  was  established  December  28, 
1846.  This  was  changed  to  Ridgeville, 
April  26,  1850:  and  again  changed  to  Ev-  to  very  many  towns,  and  which  convey  lit- 
anston,  August  27.  1855.  After  laying  out  tie  or  no  meaning.  But  in  general  the  us- 
the  village  the  form  of  government  still  re-      ual    poverty    of    street    nomenclature,    so 

311 


to  the  natural  surroundings,  or  even  dic- 
tated by  fancy- 
Thus,  in  the  names  of  the  streets  of  Ev- 
anston there  is  embalmed  much  of  history 
and  biograph}-.  In  the  main  these  names 
are  of  especial  interest  to  Evanston  peo- 
ple, being  intimately  associated  with  its 
character  and  development.  There  are  a 
few  such  names  as  jMain  Street.  Central 
Street,  and  the  like,  which  are  common 


312 


STREET  NOMENCLATURE 


painfully  apparent  in  most  towns  of  its 
size,  is  in  conspicuous  contrast  with  the 
body  of  names  found  here,  which  in  so 
great  a  degree  reflect  the  character  and 
sympathies  of  the  founders  and  builders 
of  Evanston,  and  are  so  rich  in  historical 
associations. 

The  plan  of  this  chapter  of  street  names 
is  to  give  the  name  of  the  street  followed 
by  the  name  of  the  person  after  whom  it 
was  called,  with  a  few  brief  particulars, 
or  descriptions.  Full  particulars  are  avail- 
able in  a  great  variety  of  records.  The 
names  of  some  streets  have  been  omitted 
because  it  was  not  possible  to  learn  the 
origin  of  them.  Some  again  are  sufficient- 
ly obvious  and  require  no  mention,  as  for 
example  Washington  Street,  Madison 
Street,  Chicago  Avenue  and  the  like. 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  spelling  of 
a  street  name  does  not  always  follow  that 
of  the  person  for  whom  it  was  named. 
This  is  the  case  with  Hamlin  Street,  as 
now  spelled,  though  named  after  Bishop 
Hamline  who  used  a  final  e  in  the  last  syl- . 
lable  of  his  name.  So,  also,  with  Forest 
Avenue,  the  usual  spelling  at  the  present 
time,  though  named  after  a  man  who 
spelled  his  name  Forrest.  A  number  of 
streets  are  called  after  the  first  names  of 
the  persons  honored.  For  example,  we 
have  Orrington  Avenue,  Lee  Street, 
Chancellor  Street,  Florence  Avenue  and  the 
like,  a  reference  to  which  will  show  that 
these  are  the  Christian  names  of  the  per- 
sons for  whom  they  were  named. 

The  streets  of  Evanston  are  called 
"Avenues,"  "Courts,"  "Streets"  and 
"Places,"  according  to  the  following  rule: 
Avenues  and  Courts  are  such  as  run  north 
and  south  ;  Streets  and  Places  such  as  run 
east  and  west.  E.xceptions  to  this  rule  oc- 
cur in  two  instances.  The  "Sheridan 
Road"  is  called  "Road"  to  conform  to  the 
general  usage  of  the  cities  and  towns  north 


and.  south  of  the  City  of  Evanston.  The 
"Indian  Boundary  Line"  is  so  called  because 
it  is  a  street  coinciding  with  the  "Line" 
established  by  treaty  with  the  Indians,  as  de- 
cribed  below.  The  house  numbers  on  the 
Avenues  and  Courts  begin  at  the  southern 
limits  of  the  city  and  run  about  800  to  the 
mile,  an  even  hundred  beginning  at  each 
street  intersection ;  and  those  on  the 
streets  and  places  begin  at  the  lake  and 
run  about  1200  to  the  mile,  an  even  hun- 
dred beginning  at  each  street  intersection. 
Following  will  be  found  the  names  of 
the  more  noted  and  historic  streets,  ave- 
nues, etc.,  with  a  concise  reference  in 
each  case  to  the  person,  locality  or  circum- 
stance from  which  the  name  is  derived : 

Arnold  Street:  Named  for  Isaac  N. 
Arnold,  a  prominent  citizen  of  Chicago, 
born  181 5,  died  1884;  was  member  of 
Congress  1861-65 ;  and  owned  land  in  the 
vicinity  of  where  this  street  is  located. 

Asbury  Avenue:  For  Francis  Asbury, 
first  Bishop  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church   in   America,   1745-1816. 

Ayars  Place:  For  James  Ayars,  a 
citizen  of  Evanston,  once  President  of 
Board   of  Village  Trustees. 

Bennett  Avenue:  For  Mrs.  C.  C.  Ben- 
nett, a  sister  of  John  Culver,  now  and 
for  many  years  past  a  teacher  in  the  Chi- 
cago Public  Schools. 

Benson  Avenue:  For  Francis  H.  Ben- 
son, a  resident  of  Evanston  in  an  early 
day. 

Boomer  Place:  For  Norton  \\'.  Boom- 
er, for  many  years  Principal  of  a  public 
school  in  Chicago. 

Botsford  Street:  For  J.  K.  Botsford 
of  Chicago,  who  was  one  of  the  Trustees 
of  the  Northwestern  University. 

Browne  Avenue:  For  Charles  E. 
Browne,  one  of  the  original  proprietors  of 
North  Evanston. 


II 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


313 


Chancellor  Street:  For  Chancellor  L. 
Jenks,  Jr.,  a  son  of  Chancellor  L.  Jenks, 
a  citizen  of  Evanston. 

Chicago  Avenue :  This  name  was  given 
when  the  northern  limits  of  Chicago  were 
at  North  Avenue,  and  a  long  stretch  of 
open  country  lay  between  Evanston  and 
Chicago.  The  road  connecting  the  two 
places  was  an  extension  of  Chicago  Ave- 
nue in  Evanston  southward,  which  joined 
North  Clark  Street  at  the  Chicago  city 
limits.  The  road  was  sandy  and  its  con- 
dition so  bad  that  a  corporation  was 
formed  in  1859  to  grade  it,  and  it  was 
then  called  the  gravel  road.  On  this  road 
were  two  toll-gates,  one  at  the  intersec- 
tion of  the  Indian  Boundary  Line  and  the 
other  at  Graceland. 

Clark  Street:  For  John  Clark,  a  mem- 
ber of  Rock  River  Conference,  and 
the  minister  in  charge  of  Clark  Street 
church,  Chicago,  at  the  time  that  Mrs. 
Garrett  made  her  gift  to  Garrett  Biblical 
Institute. 

Clinton  Place:  Name  adopted  by 
city  ordinance,  February  11,   1902. 

Colfax  Street :  For  Schuyler  Colfax, 
\'ice-President  of  the  United  States, 
1869-73. 

College  Street:  Original  name  of  that 
portion  of  Davis  Street  west  of  Sher- 
man Avenue.  Name  was  changed  to 
Da\is  Street  in  1871. 

Crain  Street:  For  the  Grain  family, 
who  were  among  the  earliest  settlers 
of    Evanston. 

Darrow  Avenue :  Named  by  Morton 
Culver  in  laying  out  a  subdivision  after 
a  man  of  that  name  who  was  prominent 
among  colored  ]\Iasons  of  Chicago. 

Davis  Street:  For  Dr.  Nathan  S. 
Davis,  one  of  the  Trustees  of  the  North- 
western University;  born  in  1817  and  died 
in  1904. 


Dempster  Street:  For  Dr.  John  Demp- 
ster, born  in  1794,  died  in  1863;  Pro- 
fessor at  Garrett  Biblical  Institute  18^4  to 
1863. 

Dewey  Avenue:  For  two  sisters.  Electa 
E.  Dewey  and  Mary  J.  Dewey.  Name 
given  by  IMorton  Culver  in  laying 
out  a  subdivision;  the  Misses  Dewey 
were  teachers  in  the  Jones  School,  Chi- 
cago. 

Dodge  Avenue:  For  !Miss  Kate  Dodge, 
a    teacher    in    the   Jones    School,    Chicago. 

Emerson  Street:  For  Benjamin  Emer- 
son, a  pioneer  resident  of  Evanston. 

Ewing  Avenue:  For  Adlai  T.  Ewing, 
who  had  control  for  several  years  of 
Ewing's  addition  to  Evanston. 

Florence  Avenue:  For  JNIiss  Florence 
Tullis.  a  teacher  in  the  Jones  School, 
Chicago. 

Forest  Avenue:  For  Thomas  L.  For- 
rest, born  1819,  died  1904;  was  a  bank- 
er of  Chicago  and  owned  some  property  in 
Evanston ;  for  thirty  years  was  cashier  of 
the  Hide  and  Leather  Bank.  Residents 
have  preferred  a  spelling  diflferent  from 
the  name  of  IMr.  Forrest. 

Foster  Street:  For  Randolph  S.  Fos- 
ter, born  1820.  died  1903;  was  the  sec- 
ond President  of  the  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity, 1856-59. 

Gaffield  Place:  For  Eli  Gaffield,  a  pi- 
oneer resident  of  Evanston. 

Grant  Street:  Named  in  honor  of  Gen- 
eral U.  S.  Grant. 

Greenleaf  Street:  For  Luther  L.  Green- 
leaf,  born  February  7,  182 1,  died  Novem- 
ber 23,  1886;  lived  in  Evanston  from  i860 
to  1875. 

Grey  Avenue:  For  Charles  F.  Grey, 
a  resident  of  Evanston  since  1866. 

Hamilton  Street:  For  James  G.  Ham- 
ilton, for  many  years  a  resident  of 
Evanston ;  was  the  secretary  of  the  Board 


314 


STREET  NOMENCLATURE 


of  Trustees  of  the  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity. 

Hamlin  Street:  For  Leonidas  L.  Ham- 
Hne,  born  May  lo,  1797;  elected  Bishop 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  1844; 
died  March  23,  1865. 

Hartzell  Street:  For  Joseph  C.  Hart- 
zell,  Methodist  Bishop  of  Africa.  While 
a  student  at  the  Garrett  Biblical  Insti- 
tute, was  the  hero  of  a  rescue  of  four 
men  from  the  wreck  of  the  schooner 
"Storm"  in  May,  1864. 

Haven  Street :  For  Erastus  O.  Haven ; 
born  1820,  died  in  1881 ;  was  Pres- 
ident of  the  Northwestern  University 
1869  to  1872  ;  in  1880  was  elected  a  Bishop 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

Hinman  Avenue:  For  Clark  T.  Hin- 
man,  first  President  of  the  Northwest- 
ern University,  1853-55 ;  was  born  in 
Kortright,  N.  Y.,  August  3,  1817;  gradu- 
ated from  Wesleyan  University  in  1840 ; 
died  at  Troy,  N.  Y.,  1854. 

Indian  Boundary  Line:  This  street 
follows  the  line  of  the  boundary  estab- 
lished by  a  treaty  with  Ottawas,  Chippe- 
was  and  Pottawatomies,  August  24, 
1816.  The  line  begins  at  the  lake  shore 
(in  the  language  of  the  treaty)  at  "a 
point  ten  miles  northward  of  the  mouth  of 
Chicago  Creek,"  and  runs  southwest, 
crossing  the  Sheridan  Road  about  one 
block  from  the  starting  point.  A  half 
block  farther  it  crosses  the  southern  city 
limits.  It  is  known  as  Rogers  Avenue 
after  it  crosses  the   limits  into   Chicago. 

Isabella  Street:  Named  by  Charles  E. 
Browne  after  one  of  his  daughters. 

Jackson  Avenue:  For  A.  B.  Jackson, 
long  a  resident  of  Rogers  Park. 

Jenks  Street:  For  Chancellor  L.  Jenks, 
born  January  29.  1828;  practiced  law  in 
Chicago   1851-67;  died  January  10,   1903. 

Judson  Avenue:  For  Philo  Judson, 
born    in    Otsego    County,    N.    Y.,    March 


I,  1807;    was  business  agent  of  the  North- 
western University,  1854-76:  died  March 

2i.    1876. 

Kedzie  Street:  For  John  H.  Kedzie, 
born  September  8,  1815;  died  at  Evan- 
ston,  April  9,  1903 ;  was  a  resident  of 
Evanston  forty-two  years. 

Keeney  Street:  For  James  F.  Keeney, 
for  some  years  a  resident  of  Evanston. 

Kirk  Street:  For  James  S.  Kirk,  born 
in  1818;  lived  in  Evanston  from  1859 
to  the  time  of  his  death;  died  June  15, 
1886. 

Lee  Street:  Named  by  L.  C.  Pitner 
for  his  son,  Lee  J.  Pitner;  name  given 
in  1871  when  "Lhiion  Addition"  was  laid 
out. 

Leon  Street:  Named  for  Louis  Leon- 
hardt,  a  portion  of  his  name  being  taken 
for  the  purpose. 

Library  Street:  That  part  of  Hamlin 
Street  extending  from  Orrington  Avenue 
to  Sherman  Avenue,  changed  to  this  name 
because  of  its  proximity  to  the  Lunt 
Library,  by  city  ordinance.  June  21,    IQ04. 

Livingston  Street:  Named  for  Liv- 
ingston Jenks,  a  son  of  Chancellor  L. 
Jenks. 

Lyons  Street:  For  Joseph  j\I.  Lyons, 
a  resident  of  Evanston  since  the  '6o's. 

McDaniel  Avenue :  For  Alexander  Mc- 
Daniel,  born  in  1S16;  came  to  Evanston 
in  1836;  Postmaster  at  Wilmette  1870-89; 
died  October,   1898. 

Mulford  Street:  For  Edward  H.  Mul- 
foril,  l;oni  i7<)2 :  commissioned  paymaster 
(with  rank  of  Major)  of  a  New  York 
regiment  in  1825;  came  to  Evanston  in 
1840;  died  March  4,  1878. 

Nate  Street:  Former  name  of  Clinton 
Place ;  originally  named  for  Rev.  John 
Nate,  a  minister  of  the  Methodist  Church, 
long    a    resident    of    Evanston. 

Noyes  Street:  For  Henry  S.  Noyes ; 
Professor  of  Mathematics,  Northwestern 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


315 


University,  1855-60;  acting  President  of 
same   1860-69;  died  May  24,   1872. 

Orrington  Avenue:  Named  for  Or- 
rington  Lunt ;  born  December  24,  1815; 
one  of  the  founders  of  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity :  died  April  5.  1897. 

Payne  Street:  For  Henry  M.  Payne, 
a  resident  of  Chicago. 

Pitner  Avenue:  For  Levi  C.  Pitner, 
long  a  resident  of  Evanston. 

Pratt  Court:  For  the  Pratt  family, 
of  whom  two  brothers,  George  and  Paul, 
came  to  Evanston  in   1837. 

Reba  Place:  Named  for  Miss  Reba 
Poor,  a  daughter  of  John  E.  Poor. 

Reese  Avenue:  For  Theodore  Reese, 
surveyor,  long  a  resident  of  Evanston. 

Ridge  Avenue:  There  are  two  well 
defined  ridges  running  north  and  south 
through  Evanston,  the  west  ridge  be- 
ing the  more  prominent  of  the  two. 
The  general  course  of  Ridge  Avenue  is 
along  the  summit  of  the  West  ridge.  In 
an  early  day  this  neighborood  was  often 
described  as  "the  Ridge."  This  is  the 
oldest  street  in  Evanston  and  follows  the 
route  of  the  old  Green  Bay  Road.  This 
route  was  established  as  a  military  road 
by  the  United  States  Government  in  1832. 
It  was  also  the  route  of  the  l-'rink  & 
Walker  stage  line  established  in  1836, 
and  which  continued  in  operation  until 
the  railroad  was  opened  in   1855. 

Rinn  Street:  For  Jacob  Rinn,  long  a 
resident  of  Evanston. 

Sheridan  Road:  Named  in  honor  of 
General  Philip  H.  Sheridan.  This  great 
pleasure  driveway  along  the  shore  of 
Lake  Michigan  was  planned  by  Volney 
W.  Foster  in  1887,  and  he  is  therefore 
known  as  the  "father  of  the  Sheridan 
Road."  An  act  of  the  State  Legislature 
was  passed  March  27,  1889,  authorizing 
"Pleasure       driveways       in       incorporated 


towns,"  under  which  the  Sheridan  Road 
Association  was  organized.  The  Evan- 
ston City  Council  passed  an  ordinance, 
July  25,  1892,  establishing  and  naming 
that  portion  of  Sheridan  Road  which 
passes  through  Evanston.  Alexander 
Clark  was  associated  with  Mr.  Foster  in 
this  great  enterprise.  Mr.  Foster  died 
August  15,  1904.  Mr.  Clark  died  Septem- 
ber 26,  1903.  The  Sheridan  Road  is  now 
complete  from  Lincoln  Park  in  Chicago 
to  W'aukegan,  and  eventually  will  extend 
to  Milwaukee.  Gen.  P.  H.  Sheridan  was 
born  March  6,  1831,  and  died  August  5, 
1888. 

Sherman  Avenue:  For  Alson  Smith 
Sherman,  born  April  21,  1811;  came  to 
Chicago  in  1836;  Mayor  of  Chicago,  1844; 
one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  North- 
western University,  1851;  removed  to 
Waukegan  in  1856 ;  and  died  there  Sep- 
tember 22,   1003. 

Shuman  Street :  For  Andrew  Shu- 
man,  for  many  ye?rs  editor  of  the 
"Chicago  Evening  Journal;"  Lieutenant- 
Governor  of  Illinois  1877-81;  born  1830; 
died  1890. 

Simpson  Street:  For  Matthew  Simp- 
son, born  181 1,  elected  Bishop  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church  1852;  President  of 
Garrett  Biblical  Institute  1861-65 ;  died 
June  18,   1884. 

Stanley  Avenue:  For  B.  F.  Stanley; 
name  gi\en  by  C.  L.  Jenks. 

Stewart  Avenue:  For  John  W.  Stew- 
art, one  of  the  original  owners  of  North 
Evanston. 

Stockham  Place:  For  Mrs.  Alice  B. 
Stockham,  long  a   resident  of   Evanston. 

Thayer  Street:  Named  by  John  Cul- 
ver for  his  wife,  whose  maiden  name 
was  Thayer. 

Warren  Street:  For  Henry  A.  War- 
ren, formerly  a  resident  of  Evanston. 


3i6 


STREET  NOMENCLATURE 


Wesley  Avenue:  Named  in  honor  of 
John  Wesley,  the  founder  of  Methodism. 

Wilder  Street :  For  Aldin  G.  Wilder,  a 
lumber  dealer  in  Evanston  in  1866,  who 
also  subdivided  lands  in  the  western  part 
of  the  city. 

Willard  Place:  For  Frances  E.  Will- 
ard,  born  September  28,  1839;  President 
of  Woman's  College,  Evanston,  1870; 
President  of  Woman's  Christian  Temper- 
ance Union,  1879;  President  of  World's 
Christian  Temperance  Union,  1888;  died 
February    17,    1898. 

A  notable  deficiency  in  the  street  no- 
menclature of  Evanston  is  the  absence  of 
Indian  names.  No  street  perpetuates  the 
name  of  tribe  or  chief,  and  but  one — the 
"Indian  Boundary  Line" — has  reference 
to  a  locality  connected  with  the  Indian 
occupation.  The  Pottawatomie  Indians, 
who  inhabited  this  region,  possessed  too 
ungainly  and  barbarous  a  name  to  make 
use  of,  and  there  were  no  leaders  of  dis- 
tinction among  them  who  might  be  thus 
honored.  This  absence  of  picturesque 
Indian  names  is  unfortunate,  but  is  made 
good  in  the  distinction  and  character  of 
the  names   that  have   been   chosen. 

The  origin  of  street  names  is  usually 
neglected  until  the  occasion  of  them  be- 
gins to  grow  dim  in  the  vistas  of  the  past. 
Then    laborious    research    is    necessary    to 


learn  the  origin  and  significance  of  these 
names  which  have  become  household 
words.  The  eiTort  to  trace  accurately  the 
names  given  to  streets,  even  within  a 
compass  of  fifty  years,  is  fraught  with 
difficulty,  and,  as  it  is  seen  in  older  com- 
munities, the  time  comes  soon  when  it  is 
often  a  matter  of  conjecture. 

The  aspect  of  the  streets  of  Evanston, 
as  we  see  them  today,  is  in  strong  con- 
trast with  the  face  of  the  land  as  looked 
upon  by  the  founders  of  the  town.  Then 
was  spread  before  them  woodland  and 
fields  where  farmers  and  woodmen  had, 
in  twenty  years  of  ceaseless  toil,  changed 
the  face  of  the  country  from  its  primeval 
condition  to  one  of  diversified  forest  and 
farm  lands.  Dwellings  and  locations  of 
stfeets  began  to  appear  in  accordance 
with  the  plans  of  the  founders.  Extensive 
lines  of  shade  trees  were  planted  which 
today,  after  many  years'  growth,  have  de- 
veloped into  stately  avenues  of  lofty  elms 
and  maples.  Parks  beside  roadways,  well 
paved  streets  and  walks,  spacious  and 
well  cultivated  lawns,  the  glimpses  here 
and  there  of  the  blue  waters  of  Lake 
IVTichigan,  and  the  comfortable  and  often 
palatial  homes  of  its  residents,  have  com- 
bined to  form  a  "city  beautiful,"  and  to 
earn  for  itself  the  well  deserved  title  of  a 
"city  of  homes." 


CHAPTER  XXXV 


THE  FOUR-MILE  LIMIT 

(By  WILLIAM  A.  DYCHE) 

Act  Incorporating  Nortlnvcstcrn  University 
Amended — Proliibition  District  Estab- 
lished— Sale  of  Spirituous  Liquors  With- 
in Four  Miles  of  the  University  Prohib- 
ited— Local  Sentiment  in  Favor  of  the 
Law — Violations  and  Anti-Saloon  Litiga- 
tion— Citi::ens'  League  Organized — Su- 
preme Court  Decisions. 


On  January  i8,  1855,  Senator  Norman 
B.  Judd,  of  Cook  County,  offered  in  the 
State  Senate  an  amendment  to  the  charter 
of  Northwestern  University,  entitled : 
"An  Act  to  amend  an  act  to  incorporate 
Northwestern  L'niversity,"  approved  Jan- 
uary 28,  185 1.  The  proposed  amendment 
consisted  of  five  sections,  tlie  second,  as 
finally  passed,  being  as  follows : 

"Section  2.  Xo  spirituous,  vinous,  or  fer- 
mented liquors  shall  be  sold,  under  license 
or  otherwise,  within  four  miles  of  the  loca- 
tion of  said  L^niversity,  except  for  medicin- 
al, mechanical,  and  sacramental  purposes, 
under  a  penalty  of  twenty-five  dollars  for 
each  ofi^ense,  to  be  recovered  before  any 
Justice  of  the  Peace  of  said  County  of 
Cook:  Provided,  that  so  much  of  this  act 
as  relates  to  the  sale  of  intoxicating  drinks 
within  four  miles,  may  be  repealed  by  the 
General  Assembly  whenever  they  may 
think  proper." 

Senator  John  }il.  Palmer,  of  Sangamon 


County,  moved  to  strike  out  this  section. 
The  vote  was :  yeas  6,  nays  14. 

Senator  Joseph  Gillespie  ofifered,  as  an 
amendment,  that  part  of  the  second  sec- 
tion which  reserves  for  the  General  As- 
sembly the  right  of  appeal.  The  other 
four  sections  of  the  amendment,  like  the 
charter,  constitute  a  perpetual  contract  be- 
tween the  State  of  Illinois  and  North- 
western University. 

The  amendment  of  Senator  Gillespie 
was  agreed  to  and,  on  vote,  the  act  was 
passed,  18  yeas  to  2  nays. — (Senate  Jour- 
nal, 1855.  pages  126-127.) 

The  measure  was  reported  to  the  House 
February  2,  1855,  and  read  for  the  first  time 
on  February  7th  ;  it  was  referred  to  the  Com- 
mittee on  ^Miscellaneous  Affairs.  On  the  9th 
it  was  reported  by  the  Committee  and  or- 
dered to  third  reading.  It  was  passed  Feb- 
ruary 13th,  yeas  51,  nays  o. —  (House  Jour- 
nal,   1853,  pages  205,  295,   378  and   538.) 

This  amendment  was  formally  accepted 
by  the  Trustees  of  the  University  June  13, 

1855- 

Local  Sentiment. — There  has  always 
been,  on  the  part  of  citizens  of  Evanston, 
a  strong  sentiment  in  favor  of  the  strict 
enforcement  of  the  provisions  of  this  act. 
It  is  safe  to  assert  that,  from  its  enact- 
ment to  the  present,  Evanston  has  been 
freer  from  the  illegal  sale  of  liquor  than  al- 
most any  other  community  located  near 


317 


3i8 


THE  FOUR-MILE  LIMIT 


the  borders  of  a  great  city  like  Chicago. 
Our  local  government  has  always  had 
among  its  ordinances  stringent  measures 
based  on  this  amendment,  and  usually  has 
made  earnest  efforts  to  enforce  them. 
Numerous  violations,  of  course,  frequent- 
ly occur,  but  there  has  never  been  a  place 
within  the  limits  of  the  corporation  where 
these  ordinances  were  openly  violated. 
Outside  of  the  city,  but  within  four  miles, 
the  violations  have  been  more  frequent, 
but  at  the  present  time  there  are  very  few 
open  saloons  within  four  miles  of  the 
University,  except  to  the  south,  where  the 
prohibition  district  extends  far  into  the 
city  of  Chicago.  Here  saloons  are  numer- 
ous and  flourishing,  though  they  exist 
contrary  to  law. 

Litigation. — Three  cases  in  which  fines 
have  been  levied  for  the  illegal  sale  of 
liquor  within  the  four-mile  limit,  have  been 
appealed  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
State,  two  of  which  involved  the  consti- 
tutionality of  the  amendment  to  the  char- 
ter of  the  University,  and  the  third  raised 
the  question  of  the  competency  of  testi- 
mony of  detectives  pad  by  the  city.  The 
first  case  was  decided  at  the  April  term 
of  the  Court,  1862,  being  entitled,  John 
O'Leary,  Appellant,  vs.  The  County  of 
Cook,  Appellee.  The  constitutionality  of 
the  amendment  was  questioned.  The  at- 
torneys for  the  appellant  argued  that  it 
was  in  contravention  of  the  23d  Section  of 
Article  HI.  of  the  Constitution,  in  that  it 
embraces  two  separate  and  independent 
subjects — the  one  of  a  private  character, 
viz.:  the  amendment  to  the  corporate 
powers  of  the  University ;  the  other  of  a 
public  nature,  viz. :  the  prohibition  of  the 
sale  of  liquor  within  a  given  locality  under 
penalty — two  subjects  not  germane  to  one 
another  and  having  no  natural  or  neces- 
sarv   connection   with    each   other,    while 


only  one   subject   is   expressed   in  the   title 
of  the  act. 

This  was  successfully  refuted  by 
Messrs.  Hurd,  Booth  &  Potter,  attorneys 
for  the  appellee,  and  the  constitutionality  of 
the  act  was  upheld  in  a  decision  rendered 
by  Chief  Justice  Caton.  The  following 
quotation  from  the  opinion  from  the  Chief 
Justice  is  interesting: 

"The  object  of  the  charter  was  to  create 
an  institution  for  the  education  of  young 
men,  and  it  was  competent  for  the  Leg- 
islature to  embrace  .within  it  everything 
which  was  designed  to  facilitate  that  ob- 
ject. Every  provision  which  was  intended 
to  promote  the  well  being  of  the  institu- 
tion, or  its  students,  was  within  the  proper 
subject  matter  of  that  law.  We  cannot 
doubt  that  such  was  the  single  design  of 
this  law.  Although  this  provision  m  ght 
incidentally  tend  to  protect  others  resid- 
ing in  the  vicinity  from  the  corrupting  and 
demoralizing  influences  of  the  grog-shop, 
yet  that  was  not  the  primary  object  of  the 
law,  but  its  sole  purpose  was  to  protect 
the  students  and  faculty  from  such  in- 
fluence." 

It  is  of  interest  to  note  that  the  appel- 
lant, John  OTeary.  and  his  descendants 
have  been  involved  in  more  or  less  liti- 
gation with  Evanston  for  nearly  half  a 
century;  it  is  also  worthy  of  notice  that 
the  illegal  sale  referred  to  in  this  case 
was  made  to  Mortimer  Russell,  Rtissell 
being  a  name  well  known  in  the  early  an- 
nals of  the  village.  The  greatest  item 
of  interest  in  this  case,  aside  from  the 
favorable  decision  is,  that  the  cause  of  law 
and  order  was  ably  advocated  by  Hon. 
Harvey  B.  Hurd,  who,  for  more  than  half 
a  centur)',  had  been  one  of  Evanston's 
foremost  citizens.  Though  more  than 
forty  years  have  come  and  gone  since  this 
decision,  until  his  death  in  January,   1906, 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


319 


Mr.  Hurd  still  remained  to  lend  his  vig- 
orous aid  in  seeing  that  the  law  was  en- 
forced. 

From  1882  to  1893  the  Citizens'  League 
of  Evanston  was  active  in  prosecuting 
violators  of  this  law.  Among  those  fre- 
(juently  prosecuted  were  Trausch  Broth- 
ers, and  other  saloon-keepers  on  the  West 
Ridge,  just  north  of  Rose  Hill.  With  the 
hope  of  protecting  themselves  from  fur- 
ther prosecutions,  these  saloon-keepers 
and  their  friends,  on  Xovember  28,  1890, 
incorporated  the  village  of  W'est  Ridge, 
out  of  territory  heretofore  not  included 
within  any  city  or  village.  Said  village, 
by  ordinance,  regulated  the  sale  of  intoxi- 
cating liquors  within  its  limits  by  licensing 
the  sale  thereof.  Henry  Trausch  was 
granted  a  license ;  shortly  thereafter  the 
Citizens"  League  obtained  evidence  that 
he  made  two  separate  and  distinct  sales 
of  liquor.  Action  was  brought  against 
Trausch  and  a  fine  levied  on  him.  He 
appealed  the  case  and  it  finally  reached 
the  Supreme  Court. 

Supreme  Court  Decision. — Chief  Justice 
Shope,  in  rendering  the  opinion  of  the 
Court,  makes  it  clear  that  an}'  license 
granted  by  any  city,  village  or  town  for 
the  sale  of  liquor  within  the  four-mile  dis- 
trict is  null  and  void.  The  following  is  a 
quotation  from  his  opinion  : 

"While  the  power  is  given  to  license, 
regulate  and  prohibit  the  selling  and  giv- 
ing away  of  intoxicating  liquors,  such 
power  is  not  to  be  so  construed  as  to  afifect 
the  provisions  of  the  charter  of  Northwest- 
ern L'niversity,  it  being  a  literary  insti- 
tution, the  charter  of  which  was  granted 
before  the  General  Incorporation  Act." 

The  chief  contention  of  the  attorney 
for  the  appellant  was,  that  the  amendment 
had  been  repealed  by  the  general  act,  ap- 
proved May  4,  1887.    This  was  overruled. 

It  is  made  clear  in  this  decision  that  anv 


license  issued  for  the  sale  of  liquor  within 
the  four-mile  district,  even  though  it  be 
issued  by  a  city,  town  or  village  within 
said  district,  is  null  and  void.  It  is  worthy 
of  note  in  connection  with  this  case  that 
Hon.  Harvey  B.  Hurd  again  appeared  as 
attorney  for  the  appellee,  associating  with 
him  the  law  firm  of  Beach  &  Beach. 

During  the  past  twenty-five  years  sev- 
eral diff^erent  organizations  have  been 
formed  to  assist  in  the  enforcement  of  this 
act.  On  August  24,  1882,  the  Citizens' 
League  of  the  Township  of  Evanston  was 
incorporated,  with  Frank  P.  Crandon  and 
David  R.  Dyche,  Millard  R.  Powers  and 
H.  W.  Chester  as  charter  members.  Mr. 
Dyche  served  as  its  President  till  his 
death  in  August,  1893.  He  devoted  much 
time,  energy  and  no  insignificant  contri- 
butions from  his  own  purse  to  forward  the 
objects  of  the  League.  The  next  Presi- 
dent was  Mr.  Crandon.  He,  also,  made 
large  donations  of  time  and  money  to 
this  important  work. 

Four-Mile  League. — In  1894  it  seemed 
wise  to  form  a  new  organization  as  a  suc- 
cessor to  the  Citizens'  League,  and  through 
the  efforts  of  Henry  Wade  Rogers,  who 
was  then  President  of  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity and  greatly  devoted  to  the  cause  of 
temperance,  the  Four-Mile  League  was  or- 
ganized, with  Charles  B.  Congdon,  Henry 
Wade  Rogers,  Hugh  R.  A\'ilson,  Charles 
H.  Aldrich.  William"  A.  Dyche,  William  H. 
Bartlett,  Frank  P.  Crandon,  George  M. 
Sargent  and  Charles  J.  Little,  as  charter 
meml:)ers.  The  charter  was  dated  Sep- 
tember II,  1894.  Mr.  Crandon  was  its 
first  President ;  he  was  succeeded  by  Mr. 
J.  C.  Shaffer.  Mr.  Shaft'er  conducted  a 
vigorous  warfare  against  illegal  sale  of 
liquor  and  met  with  marked  success.  Mr. 
Newell  C.  Knight  was  the  third  and  last 
President  of  the  League.  His  administra- 
tion   was    equally    vigorous. 


320 


THE  FOUR-MILE  LIMIT 


In  iy02  the  Municipal  Association  was 
incorporated.  This  organization,  though 
having  wider  aims  than  the  Four-^Iile 
League,  which  it  succeeded,  is  especial- 
ly interested  in  the  same  good  cause  and  is 
doing  excellent  work.  Mr.  Charles  R. 
Webster  has  been  President  since  its  in- 
corporation. 

On  January  3,  1893,  William  H.  Lyman, 
a  Chicago  member  of  the  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives, introduced  House  Bill  282, 
which  sought  to  repeal  a  portion  of  the 
City  and  \'illage  Act  of  1872.  This  act, 
among  other  things,  gives  cities  and  vil- 
lages power  to  issue  licenses  for  the  sale  of 
liquor  under  certain  conditions.  It  pro- 
vides, however,  "that  nothing  in  the  act 
shall  be  construed  to  affect  the  provisions 
of  the  charter  of  any  literary  institution 
heretofore  granted."  The  introduction  of 
this  bill  created  much  excitement  and 
great  indignation.  Large  delegations  at 
once  went  to  Springfield  and  exerted  such 
influence  that  the  bill  never  reached  a  sec- 
ond reading. 

Mayor's  Report. — The  citizens  of  Evan- 
ston  have  been  greatly  annoyed  by  the 
existence  of  saloons  outside  of,  but  near 
to.  the  limits  of  the  corporation.  The  fol- 
lowing quotation  from  the  Mayor's  report 
for  the  year  1895  gives  an  instance  of  this  : 

"For  some  years  the  western  portion 
of  our  city  has  been  greatly  annoyed  by 
the  existence  of  several  saloons  on  the 
prairie  west  of  us.  Some  of  these  saloons 
were  resorts  of  the  lowest  character,  and 
to  their  other  evils  gambling  and  prosti- 
tution were  often  added.  For  some  years 
they  were  licensed  illegally  by  the  Cook 
County  Commissioners ;  but  this  summer, 
in  response  to  your  request  and  the  urgent 
effort  of  Commissioner  Munn,  these  ille- 
gal licenses  were  not  reissued.  The  Four- 
Mile  League  provided  funds  to  carry-  on  a 
vigorous  warfare  against  them.  Our  Chief 


of  Police,  Wheeler  Bartram,  greatly  aided 
the  League  with  his  advice  and  work,  as 
did  also  our  City  Attorney.  The  result 
was  that,  after  a  brief  but  energetic  fight, 
these  saloons  were  practically  closed. 
Some  of  them  are  still  running,  but  very 
quietly.  A  renewed  and  continuous  effort 
by  the  League,  aided  by  our  city  author- 
ities, will  undoubtedly  close  them.  The 
only  way  to  successfully  fight  this  enet7iy 
is  to  make  it  too  expensive  for  him  to  stay 
in   business." 

During  the  latter  part  of  1896,  and  for 
some  time  thereafter,  the  city  was  greatly 
hindered  in  its  attempts  to  prosecute  vio- 
lators of  its  prohibitory  law  by  adverse 
decisions  of  the  courts  located  in  Chicago. 
The  following,  from  the  Mayor's  report 
for  1896,  is  to  the  point : 

"One  W.  H.  Meyers  was  arrested  in 
July.  1896,  on  several  charges  of  violating 
our  liquor  ordinances.  He  was  fined  in 
sums  from  $10  to  $100.  From  these  judg- 
ments the  said  Meyers  appealed  to  the 
Criminal  Court,  where  the  cases  were  dis- 
missed on  the  grounds  that  the  evidence 
had  been  obtained  by  witnesses  who  were 
in  the  employ  of  the  city  for  the  purpose 
of  bringing  action  against  the  said  Mey- 
ers. The  city  took  an  appeal  from  this  de- 
cision to  the  Appellate  Court,  where  it 
again  met  defeat,  the  Appellate  Court  sus- 
taining the  decision  of  the  Criminal  Court. 

"\\'hile  it  is  comparatively  easy  for  our 
policemen  to  discover  the  resorts  where 
liquor  is  sold  illegally,  it  is  very  difficult 
for  them  to  obtain  evidence  of  this,  for 
the  reason  that  they  are  well  known, 
hence  it  is  necessary  to  use  detectives, 
but  both  the  testimony  of  our  policemen, 
as  well  as  that  of  the  detectives,  was  ren- 
dered useless  by  the  decisions  above  re- 
ferred to,  and  the  difficulty  of  successfully 
prosecuting  the  keepers  of  these  resorts 
was  greatly  increased.    The  case  just  re- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


321 


ferred  to  was  carried  to  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State,  by  the  direction  of  the 
Council,  and  the  judgments  of  the  Crim- 
inal and  Appellate  Courts  were  reversed. 
The  entire  case  was  in  charge  of  City  At- 
torney George  S.  Baker,  and  to  him  be- 
longs unstinted  praise  for  the  obtaining 
from  the  Supreme  Court  of  so  far-reach- 
ing benefit,  not  to  Evanston  alone,  but 
also  to  numerous  other  communities.  The 
difficulty  of  prosecuting  these  cases  and 
obtaining  satisfactory  results  is  far  greater 
than  most  people  imagine." 

Difficulties  Owing  to  Nearness  to  Chi- 
cago.— One  who,  for  the  first  time,  is  called 
upon  to  assist  in  enforcing  the  ordinances 
of  Evanston,  based  on  the  amendment  to 
the  charter  of  the  University,  has  no  idea 
of  the  difficulties  of  the  task,  and  it  too 
frequently  happens  that  both  officers  of 
the  city  and  of  the  voluntary  associations 
above  referred  to  not  only  receive  too  lit- 
tle support  from  the  community,  but  are 
most  unjustly  criticised  for  failure  to  ob- 
tain their  complete  enforcement.  Occa- 
sionally they  have  deserved  severe  con- 
demnation for  their  indifference,  but,  as  a 
rule,  they  have  been  earnest  and  active, 
meeting  with  decided  success.  Though 
at  times  our  citizens  seem  indifl^erent  to 
appeals  for  aid  as  in  this  work,  they  are 
in  reality  greatly  interested  and  in  emer- 
gencies  respond   most   generously.     The 


greatest  danger  in  my  mind  to  our  law  is 
the  City  of  Chicago.  The  "four-mile  limit" 
extends  about  two  and  one-half  miles  into 
the  City  of  Chicago,  and,  in  this  prohibi- 
tion territory  in  Cliicagii,  numerous  sa- 
loons exist.  I  do  not  know  if  Chicago  at 
present  licenses  these  saloons.  When  I 
last  investigated  this  in  1896,  I  found  that 
Chicago  did  not  issue  them  any  license, 
hut  that  the  saloon-keepers  at  the  end  of 
each  quarter  paid  the  City  Collector  a  sum 
equivalent  to  a  quarter's  license.  Whether 
licensed  or  not,  they  exist  illegally,  and 
ought  to  be  closed.  If  they  are  allowed 
by-  Chicago  to  flourish  on  Devon  Avenue, 
some  day  she  will  permit  them  on  the 
very  north  line  of  her  corporate  limits — 
a  stone's  throw  from  Calvary  Cemetery. 
Unless  Evanston  puts  up  a  vigorous  fight, 
this  will  happen.  Of  all  the  blessings 
Northwestern  University  has  brought 
Evanston,  this  amendment  is  first.  It 
gives  us  a  unique  place  in  the  ranks  of 
xA-Uierican  cities,  and  helps  to  make  it 
possible  for  us  to  maintain  a  local  govern- 
ment of  unusually  high  standard.  Let 
us  give  every  aid  and  encouragement  to 
our  officials  and  especially  to  those  men 
who,  from  time  to  time,  we  ask  to  act  as 
our  leaders  in  the  great  work  of  enforcing 
the  provisions  of  this  amendment  and  the 
ordinances  based  thereon. 


CHAPTER  XXXVI. 


HOMES  AND  HOME-MAKERS— 1846-1870 

(By  ELIZABETH  M.  BOYNTON  HAEBBRT,  Ph.  D.) 


Some  of  the  Early  Homes  of  Evanston — 
Men  and  Women  Who  have  Left  Their 
Impress  on  the  City's  History — What 
Evanston  Ozves  to  Its  Early  Home  Build- 
ers— Historic  Names  on  the  City  Map — 
Abraham  Lincoln  and  other  Distinguished 
Visitors — The  IVillard  and  Eggleston 
Families — Notable  H^orkers  in  the  Field 
of  Religion,  Education.  Literature  and 
the  Arts. 

"The  language  of  a  ruder  age  gave  to 
the  common  law  the  maxim  that  every 
man's  house  is  his  castle:  the  progress  of 
Truth  will  eventually  make  every  home  a 
shrine." 

"I  think  that  the  heroism,  which,  at  this 
day,  would  make  on  us  the  impression  of  great  grandmothers  and  the  science  of 
Epaminondas  and  Phocion,  must  be  that  thoroughness,  French  art  and  Arabian 
of  a  domestic   conqueror."'  hospitality."  And,  if  Mr.  Ruskin  had  lived 

Thus  wrote  our  poet-philosopher  Emer-  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic,  might  he  not 
son,  concerning  the  value  and  importance  have  added,  "American  Adaptability?" 
of    wise    home-making,    while    our    poet-  Mr.  Frank  Grover,  in  a  valuable  historical 

scientist,  Henry  Drumniond,  has  left  for     sketch    (printed  elsewhere  in  this  volume) 


stitution.  In  a  far  truer  sense  than  Ra- 
phael produced  his  "Holy  Family,"  na- 
ture has  provided  a  Holy  Family.  Not  for 
centuries,  but  for  millenniums,  the  family 
has  arrived.  Time  has  not  tarnished  it; 
no  later  art  has  improved  upon  it ;  no  gen- 
ius discovered  anything  more  lovely,  nor 
religion  anything  more  divine." 

Of  one  important  branch  of  home-mak- 
ing, that  great  "Apostle  of  the  Beautiful," 
John  Ruskin,  has  written: 

"Cookery  means  the  knowledge  of  Circe, 
Medea,  and  of  Calypso  and  Helen,  and  of 
Rebekah  and  of  all  the  Queens  of  Sheba. 
It  means  the  knowledge  of  all  fruits  and 
balms:  of  all  that  is  sweet  in  fields  and 
groves.     It  means   the  economy  of  your 


us  the  following  statement : 

"So  long  as  the  first  concern  of  a  coun- 
try is  for  its  homes,  it  matters  little  what 
it  seeks  second  or  third. 

"The  one  point,  indeed,  where  all  pro- 


refers  to  one  of  the  first  typical  Evanston 
homes  as  follows : 

"The  father,  Antoine  Ouilmette,  was 
of  French  descent :  the  mother,  Archange, 
was  of  true  American  (Indian)  parentage. 


phets  meet,  where  all  sciences,  from  bi-  In  this  family  were  four  daughters :  Eliza- 

ology    to    ethics,    are    enthusiastically    at  beth,  Archange,  Josette  and  Sophia,  and 

one,   is   in   their    faith   in   the   imperishable  four    sons :    Joseph,    Louis,    Francis    and 

potentialities  of  this  yet  most  simple  in-  Mitchell." 

323 


324 


HO.MES  AXD  HO.ME-AIAKERS— 1846-1870 


Surely  all  lovers  of  symbolism  or  all 
philosophers,  thinkers,  who  recognize  the 
law  that,  in  order  to  secure  harmony,  we 
must  combine  differences,  will  promptly 
recognize  in  the  variety  and  balance  of 
this  pioneer  home,  prophecies  of  the  re- 
sultant harmony  and  equilibrium  which 
has  caused  so  many  discriminating  tour- 
ists to  repeat  the  trite  question,  "Is  this 
Heavenston?"  Thus,  in  its  very  infancy, 
the  presiding  Fates  seem  to  have  decreed 
that  the  honor  of  having  founded  our  be- 
loved Evanston  belonged  equally  to  its 
sons  and  daughters,  while  our  subsequent 
cosmopolitanism  may  be  traced  to  that 
French  father  and  American  mother. 

For  a  number  of  years  William  and 
James  Carney  represented  the  entire  po- 
lice force,  and  so  firmly,  kindly  and  hu- 
manely did  they  preserve  law  and  order, 
that  the  village  was  exempt  from  depre- 
dations, and  the  very  name  "Carney"  be- 
came a  synonym  for  law  and  order ;  as 
instance,  the  incident  of  an  Evanston 
child  exclaiming  at  sight  of  a  Chicago  po- 
liceman, "There  goes  another  good 
Carney." 

In  preparing  this  fragmentary  sketch, 
we  have  been  interested  in  the  typical  char- 
acter of  the  early  settlers  who,  by  their 
tastes  and  pursuits,  foreshadowed  the 
jEsthetic  development  of  after  years. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Alonzo  Burroughs  were 
among  the  earliest  agriculturists.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Samuel  Reed  seem  to  have  made 
Beauty  and  Service  the  patron  saints  of 
their  home.  We  are  told  that  Mr.  Reed 
was  the  original  path-finder  or  road- 
master  of  the  village,  and  that  a  certain 
apple-tree  planted  by  Mrs.  Reed  was,  for 
forty  3'ears,  because  of  the  fragrance  of  its 
bloom  and  the  rare  flavor  of  its  fruit,  a  joy 
to  succeeding  generations   of  children. 

These  pioneer  path-finders  and  home- 
makers     doubtless     would      have      been 


cheered  and  encouraged  in  many  toilsome 
wanderings,  could  they  have  foreseen  the 
tree-fringed  avenues,  streets  and  courts, 
whose  names  enshrine  the  memories  of 
many  subsequent  path-makers,  and  hon- 
ored citizens;  e.  g.,  "Judson."  "Hinman." 
"Irvington,"  "Benson,"  and  "Kedzie"  Ave- 
nues ;  "Dempster,"  "Davis,"  "Xoycs,"  "Mul- 
ford,"  "Crain,"  "McDaniels,"  and  "Lyons  " 
Streets ;  "Ayars  Court"  and  "Willard 
Place,"   etc. 

"Joy,"  that  notable  but  too  frequently 
neglected  "Fruit  of  the  Spirit,"  hospital- 
ity, industry  and  faith  (faith  in  God  and 
faith  in  humanity)  seem  to  have  been 
characteristic  of  many  of  these  pioneer 
homes.  The  altruistic  cheerfulness,  so 
notable  in  his  philanthropic  daughter, 
Mrs.  Flelen  Judson  Beveridge,  as  well  as 
in  other  members  of  that  merry  house- 
hold, was  early  intersphered  in  the  village 
life  by  the  genial  father.  Rev.  Philo  Judson. 
We  are  told  that  Mr.  Judson's  optimism 
and  constant  cheerfulness  "enabled  him 
to  make  perpetual  holiday  of  the  hard 
work  and  privations  incident  to  the  life  of 
a  circuit-rider  through  the  wilds  of  Illi- 
nois," while  his  wife,  Mrs.  Huddleston 
Jutlson,  was  in  all  respects  a  notable  help- 
meet, bravely  bearing  the  added  responsi- 
bilities resultant  from  his  numerous  ab- 
sences. 

Truly,  if  "all  the  world  loves  a  lover," 
the  residents  of  small  frontier  villages, 
where  life  is  often  too  strenuous  to  permit 
of  much  pleasure-seeking,  must  always 
delight  in  a  wedding.  We  are  confident 
that,  if  the  villagers  could  have  foreseen  in 
the  groom  a  future  General  and  Governor, 
and  in  the  bride  a  notable  philanthropist, 
even  greater  interest,  if  possible,  would 
have  centered  in  the  marriage,  in  1848,  of 
Miss  Helen  Judson  and  Mr.  John  L.  Bev- 
eridge. 

Who  can  estimate  the  amount  of  good 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


325 


influences  that  have  emanated  from  the 
family  circle  of  children  and  grand-chil- 
dren, whose  father,  mother  and  grand- 
parents commenced  their  home-making 
in  a  small  cottage  near  where  the  Con- 
gregational Church  now  stands?  We  re- 
fer to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  A.  Pearsons. 
Mr.  Pearsons,  aside  from  his  business  in- 
terests and  industry,  was  ever  a  promoter 
of  harmony  in  the  village,  as  he  was,  for 
a  number  of  years,  the  first  and  only 
chorister;  while  Mrs.  Pearsons  has,  for 
more  than  half  a  century,  been  a  constant 
benediction  to  home  and  friends  and 
church. 

Another  group  of  contributors  to  the 
peace,  health  and  harmony  of  the  early 
village  life  was  the  family  of  Dr.  and  Mrs. 
Jacob  W.  Ludlam.  The  early  annals  of 
Evanston  contain  frequent  references  to 
this  tree-embowered  home  as  a  social  and 
musical  center  of  most  gracious  influences. 
The  Evanston  Club  House  now  occupies 
the  beautiful  grounds  of  this  one-time 
influential  home-center. 

The  home  of  Major  and  Mrs.  Mulford, 
"The  Oakton"  of  1840,  is  also  remembered 
with  loving  appreciation  by  all  who  com- 
prehend the  influence  and  power  gf  a 
bountiful  hospitality,  which  is  at  the  same 
time  brave  enough  to  exclude  temptation 
in  any  form  from  both  young  and  old. 
We  are  told  that,  in  those  early  days,  from 
their  most  abundant  table,  wine  was  ex- 
cluded, even  on  Xew  Year's  day. 

Theirs  was.  indeed,  the  home  of  Jus- 
tice and  hospitality  and  temperance. 
Major  Mulford  was  one  of  the  early  and 
honorable  Justices  of  the  Peace. 

About  this  time  arrived  the  families 
of  Mr.  and  ]\Irs.  George  M.  Hun- 
toon,  General  and  ?ilrs.  Julius  White, 
Major  and  Mrs.  Edward  Russell,  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Leander  Clifford,  IMr.  and 
Mrs.    George    E.    Foster.    Mr.    and    Mrs. 


Andrew  J.  Brown,  Mrs.  Mary  Foster,  Air. 
and  Mrs.  Simon  J.  Kline,  Professor  and 
Mrs.  AN'illiam  Jones,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  E.  R. 
Paul,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Benjamin  F.  Hill.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  O.  A.  Grain. 

If  still  with  us,  the  lamented  editor  of 
this  volume  might  enter  his  editorial  pro- 
test;  yet  we  would  still  insist  upon  the 
privilege  of  emphasizing  in  this  record, 
the  debt  of  gratitude  which,  not  only  Ev- 
anston, but  the  entire  State  and  Nation, 
owe  to  some  of  these  pioneers.  In  1855, 
Hon.  and  Mrs.  H.  B.  Hurd  commenced 
their  home-making  in  Evanston ;  and 
every  one  in  any  way  affected  by  the  laws, 
the  ethics  or  spiritual  development  of  our 
loved  "Prairie  State,"  was  thereby  direct- 
ly benefited.  For  half  a  century  Judge 
Hurd.  by  his  legal  acumen,  his  patriotic 
citizenship,  his  true  fellowship  in  neigh- 
borhood, club  and  church,  his  loving 
fatherliness  and  grandfatherliness,  proved 
a  benediction  to  his  generation  and,  at  his 
passing  onward  on  January  20,  1906,  no 
citizen  was  ever  more  sincerely  mourned. 
Many  citizens  who  cherish  loving  memo- 
ries of  "the  good  old  times,"  refer  with 
kindliest  interest  to  the  home  of  Judge 
and  Mrs.  Hurd,  while  children  and  grand- 
children pronounce  them  "blessed.'' 

.A.S  early  as  1858,  in  the  happy,  wisely 
orderd  home  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  J.  F.  Wil- 
lard.  a  young  girl  was  rapidly  developing 
into  the  gifted  philanthropist  who,  more 
than  any  other  citizen,  has  made  Evan- 
ston a  house-hold  word  throughout  tiie 
world,  and  "Rest  Cottage"  a  veritable 
"Mecca"  to  thousands.  The  motherhood 
of  Mrs.  Mary  Thompson  Willard  has  be- 
come historic,  but  as  we  wish  to  refer  to 
it  in  another  connection,  we  omit  further 
comment  here. 

In  1885  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Allen  ^'ane  com- 
menced their  home-building  here,  laying 
the  foundations,  as  was  notably  the  case 


326 


HOMES  AND  HOME-MAKERS— 1846-1870 


of  so  many  of  Evanston's  early  residents, 
of  outside  philanthropies,  as  well  as  fire- 
side pleasures.  Other  notable  arrivals 
about  this  time  were  Rev.  and  Mrs.  Oba- 
diah  Huse — the  charming  personality  of 
Mrs.  Huse,  the  dignified  bearing  of  Mr. 
Huse  and  the  intellectual  alertness  of  their 
children  rendering  their  home  a  most  at- 
tractive place. 

Citizens  whose  memories  are  enriched 
by  pictures  of  the  childhood  and  youth  of 
Evanston,  refer  with  loving  appreciation 
to  the  home  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  L.  L.  Green- 
leaf,  whose  most  generous  hospitality  in- 
cluded almost  every  human  interest  and 
object — educational,  philanthropic  and  re- 
formatory. Mr.  Greenleaf  was  one  of  the 
first  of  our  citizens  to  make  a  valuable 
gift  to  the  library  of  the  University.  He 
organized  the  Temperance  Alliance,  and 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  M.  Greenleaf,  his  coad- 
jutor in  every  good  word  and  work,  ac- 
cepted service  as  President  of  the  first 
Board  of  Trustees  of  "The  Woman's  Edu- 
cational Association." 

Two  notable  friends  of  education  arrived 
when  Mr.  and  Airs.  C.  G.  Haskin  brought 
their  "Lares  and  Penates"  to  the  village, 
and  afterwards  built  the  attractive  house 
on  the  northeast  corner  of  Hinman  Ave- 
nue and  Davis  Street,  which  has  succes- 
sively served  as  the  home  for  such  repre- 
sentative citizens  as  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Simeon 
Farwell  and  Mrs.  Mary  Raymond  Shum- 
way. 

An  all-inclusive  altruism  is  always 
characteristic  of  the  true  parental  heart, 
which  cannot  rest  content  until  comfort, 
opportunity  and  education  are  secured  for 
"all  the  other  children,"  as  well  as  for 
one's  very  own ;  hence,  we  are  not  sur- 
prised to  find  it  recorded  that,  "early  in 
1868,  Mrs.  Mary  Haskin  started  forth 
alone,  from  her  well  ordered  home  on  a 
most  important  mission.    Her  object  was 


to  submit  to  such  well  known  Christian 
philanthropists  as  Mrs.  Melinda  Hamline 
and  Dr.  Henry  Bannister,  her  plans  for 
a  "Woman's  Educational  Association." 
The  marked  success  which  attended  her 
efifort  belongs  to  the  Educational  Chap- 
ter. We  deem  it  our  province,  however, 
to  refer  to  the  practical  interest  in  this 
plan — and  doubtless  personal  sacrifice — 
to  give  the  first  financial  aid,  which  de- 
veloped in  the  home  of  Rev.  Obadiah  and 
Mrs.  Huse,  one  of  the  interesting  and  in- 
fluential home  centers  already  referred  to. 
Studying  the  results  enjoyed  in  the  Evans- 
ton  of  to-day,  we  realize  what  patient,  faith- 
ful, self-sacrificing  seed-sowing  was  done 
by  these  faithful  pioneer  home-makers  in 
order  to  insure  such  a  "Harvest  Home" 
as  the  citizens  of  our  bountiful  and  beau- 
tiful village  enjoy  to-day.  As  we  think 
of  the  tradition  of  one  notable  "City  Fa- 
ther," planting  miles  of  trees,  we  rejoice 
in  the  day  when  l\Ir.  and  Mrs.  Eli  Gage 
and  their  household  inscribed  their  names 
upon  the  now  rapidly  enlarging  directory. 

One  participant  in  "those  good  old 
times"  informs  us  that,  at  one  time,  the 
social  interests  of  the  village  seemed  to 
converge  in  the  cheerful  home  of  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Richard  Somers,  where,  amid  all 
good  influences,  a  happy  group  of  chil- 
dren were  growing  into  manhood  and 
womanhood. 

Another  friend  cherishes,  as  an  almost 
sacred  picture,  that  Madonna-faced 
young  mother  tenderly  ministering  to  her 
own  little  "coming  woman :"  the  sweet 
voiced  mother  being  Mrs.  Lucy  Stone: 
the  baby  daughter,  the  gifted  Alice  Stone 
Blackwell.  Meanwhile,  in  imagination,  we 
see  that  noble  father  (the  justice- 
loving  patriot  to  whom  every  American 
woman  owes  a  debt  of  gratitude),  Mr. 
Henry  Blackwell,  at  his  daughter's  cra- 
dle, highly  resolving  to  do  all  in  his  power 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


327 


to  secure  freedom  of  opportunity,  not 
only  for  his  own,  but  for  every  other 
child  without  distinction  of  race,  color, 
creed  or  sex. 

Of  the  home  life  of  Rev.  and  ^Irs. 
George  C.  Noyes,  we  find  the  following 
interesting  silhouette  in  "A  Classic 
Town:"  "Few  have  the  intersphering 
nature  that  would  lead  them  to  lend  a 
hand  in  enterprises  so  varied  as  those 
that  shared  the  beneficent  activities  of 
Dr.  Noyes.  Indeed,  there  was  no  move- 
ment for  the  good  of  Evanston  into  which 
he  did  not  throw  the  momentum  of  his 
well-poised  mind  and  the  warming  influ- 
ence of  his  opulent  heart." 

"Beside  this  valiant  servant  of  Christ, 
there  stood,  during  the  first  twelve  years 
of  his  Evanston  pastorate,  a  wife  strong 
and  capable  as  she  was  winsome  and 
tender.  I  shall  never  forget,  nor  will  any 
one  who  shared  their  blessed  help,  their 
faces  so  full  of  inspiration,  their  voices 
so  vibrant  with  sympathy,  their  hands  so 
frequently  outstretched  in  deeds  of  love." 

Mrs.  Noyes  was  another  illustration  of 
the  fact  that  the  true  mother-heart  is  in- 
clusive, for  while  surrounded  by  her  own 
group  of  six  children,  she  fovmd  time  t;) 
aid  in  the  temperance  work,  and  to  meet 
the  various  demands  made  upon  the  wife 
of  a  pastor  of  a  large  church. 

"For  a  term  of  years,  Miss  Emily 
Noyes  rendered  most  faithful  service  in 
her  brother's  home  until  the  only  daugh- 
ter of  Rev.  and  Mrs.  Noyes,  now  Mrs. 
Ellen  Noyes  Orr,  began  to  preside,  as 
a  little  mother-queen,  among  her  group 
of  brothers." 

Of  the  beloved  Professor  Francis  D. 
Hemenway,  it  is  said  that  not  even  the 
"Hemenway  Memorial  Church"  is  his 
true  monument,  but  the  "Hymnal"  of  the 
Methodist  Church.  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Hem- 
enway came  to  Evanston  in  1857,  and  for 


almost  a  quarter  of  a  century  lived, 
loved  and  served  among  us.  A  most 
beloved  instructor  in  the  University, 
the  record  of  his  refined,  helpful  and 
harmonious  life  belongs  there ;  his  wife 
has  claimed,  as  her  richest  inheritance,  the 
fact  that  "she  had  been  the  privileged  home- 
maker  for  one  of  the  purest,  truest  and 
best  of  men,  who  fully  appreciated  the 
meaning  of  that  sacred  word  "Home." 

The  historian  in  search  of  facts  in  re- 
gard to  the  substantial  growth  of  Evans- 
ton between  the  years  1856  and  i860,  is 
aided  b\-  the  following  paragraph  from  an 
interesting  letter  written  by  Mrs.  Sara 
Bailey  Mann,  one  of  the  pioneer  daugh- 
ters. Mrs.  Mann  writes :  "You  ask  when 
my  parents  moved  to  Evanston?  They 
came  here  in  1859.  The  location  of  the 
Northwestern  University  was  just  then 
decided  upon,  and  father  moved  here 
because  of  the  educational  advantages 
Evanston  then  promised."  Some  of 
these  children  for  whom  these  loving 
parents,  Mr.  William  S.  and  Mrs.  Sarah 
Bailey,  were  thus  planning,  were  soon 
called  to  the  severe  educational  experi- 
ences of  our  Civil  War,  as  three  of  their 
sons  responded  to  the  call  of  their  coun- 
try, the  daughters  subsequently  (as  was 
so  often  the  case)  bravely  bearing  added 
responsibilities. 

In  preparing  this  little  sketch,  the  wri- 
ter is  often  tempted  to  pause,  as  before  sa- 
cred shrines  in  recognition  of  the  really 
heroic  sacrifices  and  endeavor  manifest  in 
these  homes.  Words  written  by  a  friend 
concerning  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bailey  are  so 
true  of  them  and  of  many  other  par- 
ents, that  we  reproduce  them  here: 
"What  a  history  two  simple  names 
suggest.  What  sunshine,  shadow,  strug- 
gle, heroic  sacrifice,  noble  living  and  final 
victory." 

As  no  well  regulated  village  is  without 


328 


HOMES  AND  HOME-MAKERS— 1846-1870 


its  universal  "aunt"  or  "uncle,  so,  in 
1863,  there  came  to  Evanston  one  who 
was  soon  familiarly  known  as  Uncle 
Mark  De  Coudres.  At  ninety  years  of 
age,  he  with  his  own  hands  shingled  his 
home  in  order  to  contribute  $100  for  Afri- 
can Missions. 

In  a  copy  of  Tlic  Index,  of  1864,  we 
find  the  following  record  of  the  closing 
of  one  of  the  early  homes — that  of  Dr. 
and  Mrs.  James  T.  Jewell :  "Mrs.  Jewell, 
the  devoted  and  beloved  wife  of  Dr. 
James  Jewell,  died  at  her  home  on  Green- 
wood Street  last  Tuesday."  Those  who 
can  read  between  the  lines  will  compre- 
hend the  pathos  of  such  a  record  as  the 
following,  which  was  so  often  true  of  the 
self-sacrificing  mothers  of  those  early 
days:  "She  received  an  education,  during 
her  girlhood,  far  above  that  which  it  was 
possible,  at  that  time,  for  many  to  attain. 
From  early  life  she  entertained  strong  de- 
sires to  enter  upon  a  life  of  study  and  into 
literary  work.  After  her  marriage  she 
saw  no  immediate  way  to  carry  out  her 
desires  and  plans  without  neglecting  her 
duties  in  her  home.  She  considered  the 
matter  carefully  and  deliberately  elected 
as  her  life  work,  the  making  of  a  home  for 
her  husband  and  children."  While  some 
students  of  motherhood  and  home-mak- 
ing sometimes  conclude  that,  if  the  moth- 
er can  serve  the  literary  feast  in  addition 
to  the  more  material  ones,  it  is  better  for 
home  and  children,  yet  all  who  knew  of  the 
absolute  devotion  of  Mrs.  Jewell  to  her 
husband  and  home,  will  gratefully  re- 
memlier  her  faithful  administrations 
therein. 

Another  notable  home-maker  who 
seems  to  have  yielded  herself  as  a  loving 
sacrifice  in  her  home,  was  the  wife  of 
Bishop  Randolph  Foster.  Bishop  and 
Mrs.  Foster,  with  their  group  of  eight 
most  interesting  children,  lived  in  a  home 


among  the  magnificent  group  of  oak  trees 
which  formerly  adorned  the  lot  upon  which 
the  hospitable  home  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hugh 
Wilson  now  stands. 

This  spot  seems  to  have  ever  been  one 
noted  for  its  generous  hospitality.  Mrs. 
Foster  was,  as  Elder  Boring  once  said, 
"a  wholly  selfless  woman.  She  was  a 
Miss  Sarah  Wiley,  one  of  the  best,  tru- 
est, purest,  most  unselfish  women  that 
ever  lived,  devoted  to  her  husband,  lost 
and  swallowed  up  in  him  ;  she  lived  for 
him,  planned  for  him,  took  care  of  him, 
and  kept  a  home  that  was  always  open  to 
his  friends  with  the  most  generous  hos- 
pitality." 

We  build  monuments — the  world  is 
filled  with  them — to  the  fathers  who  yield 
life  for  others  on  the  world's  great  battle- 
fields ;  let  us  enshrine  the  memories  of  the 
self-sacrificing  mothers  and  fathers,  who, 
amid  the  imperious  cares  of  home  or  the 
overwhelming  duties  and  responsibilities 
of  business,  yield  their  lives  for  their  chil- 
dren. As  those  who  have  entered  into 
their  labors,  let  us  endeavor  to  secure 
wiser  household  and  business  conditions 
bv  replacing  intense  competition  with 
Christian  co-operation. 

W'e  have  with  hesitation  referred  to 
these  facts  in  the  hope  that,  with  hundreds 
of  similar  ones  that  have  come  to  each  of 
us,  they  may  incite  us  to  throw  the 
weight  of  whatever  influence  we  may 
possess  in  favor  of  simpler  manners,  wiser 
laws,  which  will  inevitably  "Ring  out  the 
false,  ring  in  the  true." 

The  more  spiritual  and  intuitional  the 
wife  and  mother,  the  more  is  she  needed 
by  husband  and  children,  and  the  greater 
the  loss  to  the  highest  good  of  all,  if 
she  yields  to  the  wifely  and  motherly 
temptation  to  effect  her  own  effacement 
and  utter  self-sacrifice  for  her  loved  ones. 
These    same    vears    seem    to    have    been 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


329 


auspicious  ones  for  Evanston  in  many 
ways.  In  addition  to  the  several  names 
mentioned,  we  find  recorded  the  arrival  of 
Air.  and  Mrs.  Francis  Bradley  and  Mr.  and 
j\Irs.  Simeon  Farwell. 

In  1862  a  young  couple  arrived  in  the 
village  who  were  destined  to  make  valua- 
ble additions  to  its  life  in  many  ways ; 
and  most  interesting  is  the  story  of  the 
service  rendered  by  Dr.  Oliver  and  Mrs. 
E.  E.  Marcey,  to  science,  literature,  phi- 
lanthropy and  religion.  The  pleasant 
homestead  on  the  northeast  corner  of  Chi- 
cago Avenue  and  Church  Street  has 
been,  for  forty  years,  a  favorite  rallying 
point  for  students  and  friends.  Of  Dr. 
Marcey's  valuable  services  as  an  educa- 
tor, mention  will  be  made  elsewhere, 
while,  for  adecjuate  record  of  Mrs.  Mar- 
cey's faithful  ministrations  as  w'ife,  moth- 
er, missionary-worker  and  philanthropist, 
a  volume  would  be  required.  The  par- 
ental pride  centered  in  the  beautiful  and 
gifted  daughter,  Mrs.  Anna  JNIarcey 
Davis,  whose  memory  is  still  sacredly 
cherished  by  many  friends. 

About  this  time  we  find  our  illustrious 
patriot,  Mrs.  Jane  C.  Hoge,  not  only  wise- 
ly guiding  and  guarding  and  ministering 
to  her  ow-n,  but  also  including,  in  her  true 
mother-heart,  thousands  of  semi-mother- 
less boys,  wdio,  during  those  crucial  }-ears 
of  war,  watched  for  her  coming,  or  for 
the  result  of  her  loving  care,  as  for  an 
angel.  Reproducing  a  statement  made 
some  years  since  at  the  historic  "Fore- 
mother's  Day  in  Evanston,"  we  repeat : 
Because  our  lake-bordered,  tree-fringed 
■\'illage  was  once  her  home,  we  place  lov- 
ingly on  our  scroll  of  honor,  the  name  of 
Mrs.  Jane  C.  Hoge,  while  just  under- 
neath, we  trace  that  of  Mrs.  Arza  Brown, 
the  first  woman  in  the  United  States  of 
America  to  receive  the  badge  of  the 
Christian  Commission. 


Any  thoughts  of  the  philanthropic 
mother  include  memories  of  the  beautiful 
and  hospitable  home  on  Chicago  Avenue, 
where  the  interests  of  the  whole  world 
were  studied,  and  so  far  as  possible,  aid- 
ed by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Isaac  R.  Hitt.  This 
home  is  one  of  the  treasured  land-marks 
of  Evanston.  ]\Irs  Arza  Brown,  the  pa- 
triotic mother  of  Mrs.  Hitt,  included  in  her 
active  interest  "A  Christian  Commission  of 
the  United  States  of  America ;"  Mrs.  ]\Iary 
Brown  Hitt,  the  daughter,  included  in  her 
plans  missionary  service  to  the  whole  world. 

\\'hen  we  assert  of  Mr.  Isaac  R.  Hitt, 
Mr,  .\ndrew  J.  Brown  and  other  of  our 
prominent  and  influential  men,  that  they 
supplemented  and  aided  their  wives  in 
public  philanthropic  work,  we  record 
their  true  heroism  and  self-sacrifice, 
since  it  required  true  courage  for  a  lov- 
ing husband  to  hear  and  read  the  oft-time 
bitter  criticisms  of  those  days,  upon  any 
work  performed  by  woman  outside  of  the 
home,  even  though  such  service  was  ren- 
dered for  the  Church  or  the  State. 

During  the  years  from  1864  to  1867,  in- 
clusive, many  strong  links  were  forged  in 
the  chain  of  helpful  influences  which  was 
to  encircle  Evanston  for  generations, 
since  many  of  the  children  of  these  rapid- 
ly developing  home-shrines  are  numbered 
amongst  the  most  useful  and  honored  cit- 
izens of  the  present  time.  Art,  literature, 
science,  health,  education,  philanthropy, 
religion,  happiness,  beauty  and  joy 
have  been  the  rich  fruitage  yielded  from 
the  homes  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Charles  F. 
Grey :  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Oliver  Marcy ;  Dr. 
and  ]\Irs.  Miner  Raymond  ;  Dr.  and  Airs. 
O.  H.  Mann :  Rev.  and  Mrs.  Lucius 
H.  Bugbee;  Mr.  and  Mrs.  L.  H.  Bou- 
telle ;  Air.  and  Mrs.  Andrew  J.  Brown ;  Mr. 
and  Airs.  Nicholas  G.  Iglehart ;  Mr.  and 
Airs.  Towner  K.  ^^'ebster;  Air.  and  Mrs. 
Francis   Bradlev;    Air.  and   Airs.    Simeon 


3  30 


HOMES  AND  HOME-MAKERS— 1846-1870 


Farwell;  Mr.  and  Mrs.  H.  C.  Tillinghast ; 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Charles  E.  Browne;  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  H.  F.  Clmstead  ;  Hon.  and  Mrs. 
Andrew  Shuman  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frank 
L.   Winnie. 

Among  the  earliest  patrons  of  art 
were  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Charles  F.  Grey,  and  the 
carefully  selected  canvases,  which  have 
adorned  their  beautiful  and  home-like 
familv  residence  on  Forest  Avenue,  have 
rendered  this  home  center  a  most  attrac- 
tive spot  to  all  art-lovers,  while  in  the 
church  and  in  the  beautiful  courts 
of  philanthropy,  they  have  rendered 
constant,  cheerful  and  most  generous 
services.  Music  and  religion  were  indig- 
enous to  the  spiritual  atmosphere  of  the 
home  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Nicholas  G.  Igle- 
hart.  The  records  of  the  Baptist  Church 
are  replete  with  the  facts  of  Mrs.  Igle- 
hart's  abundant  helpfulness. 

Abounding  cheerfulness,  and  that  true 
hospitality  which  includes  every  home- 
sick, lonely  stranger,  were  conspicuously 
characteristic  of  the  home  of  Mr.  Charles 
E.  and  Mrs.  Martha  Evarts  Browne.  No 
literary,  musical  or  artistic  prophet,  phil- 
anthropist or  reformer  was  without  honor 
in  Evanston,  during  the  years  when  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Browne  lived  and  served 
amongst  us.  At  one  time  during  the 
year  1869,  sixty-nine  authors,  musicians 
and  literateurs  were  numbered  among  the 
guests  at  this  home. 

Another  home  where,  for  many  years, 
one  met  with  a  rare  hospitality  and  with 
most  beautiful  object  lessons  in  high- 
thinking  and  simple  living,  was  that  of 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  H.  F.  Olmstead.  In  addi- 
tion to  the  wise  and  careful  mothering 
of  her  four  sons,  Mrs.  Olmstead  was  one 
of  the  most  discriminating  and  apprecia- 
tive students  of  philosophy  and  literature 
amongst  our  Evanston  women,  while  Mr. 


Olmstead  was  noted  for  his  business  in- 
tegrity. 

If  ever  a  man  caused  his  neighbors  and 
friends  to  walk  a  flower-strewn  path,  it 
was  Mr.  H.  C.  Tillinghast.  His  sermons 
in  flowers,  silently  exhaling  from  the  pul- 
pit of  more  than  one  church,  constantly 
reminded  us  that  "Beauty  is  the  smile  of 
God."  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tillinghast  have 
been  blessed  in  their  home  life,  and  in 
turn  blessed  the  village  and  the  church, 
while  children  and  grandchildren  refer  to 
them  as  their  richest  inheritance. 

How  many  care  lines  have  faded  from 
the  faces  of  an.xious  young  mothers  upon 
the  appearance  of  Dr.  O.  H.  ]Mann.  He 
was  successful  and  progressive  in  his 
medical  practice,  which  included  the  then 
novel  hints  and  suggestions  in  regard  to 
the  prevention  of  disease  by  hygienic 
nursing  and  cheerful  surroundings.  The 
home  of  Dr.  and  Mrs.  ]\Iann  was  the 
scene  of  generous  hospitality  both  to 
friends  and  to  ideas. 

In  the  pleasant  home  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Francis  E.  Bradley  the  Congregational 
Cliurch  was  organized.  From  it  many 
other  religious  and  philanthropic  influ- 
ences emanated,  and  ever  the  purest  atmos- 
phere of  culture,  refinement  and  true  re- 
ligion permeated  this  home  of  beau- 
tiful daughters  and  obedient  sons.  For 
many  years,  this  home,  together  with 
those  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  J.  L.  Williams, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  L.  H.  Boutelle  and  Mr.  and 
?vlrs.  J.  H.  Kedzie,  seemed  to  be  the  "so- 
cial annex"  to  the  Congregational 
Church. 

During  these  years  the  University,  the 
Methodist  Church  and  the  Social  Circle 
of  the  village,  gladly  welcomed  Dr. .Miner 
Raymond  and  his  gracious  and  estimable 
wife,  ^Irs.  Elizabeth  Henderson  Ray- 
mond.    To  the  historian  of  the  Universi- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


331 


ty  belongs  the  rich  and  interesting  record 
of  the  good  Doctor's  many  useful  years. 
The  memories  of  the  early  and  faithful 
ministrations  of  the  loving  mother  belong 
to  us  all,  and  are  cherished  as  a  rich  le- 
gacy by  her  children  and  grandchildren, 
as  are  the  more  scholarly  labors  and 
Christian  philanthropies  of  the  noble  fa- 
ther. 

About  this  time  Mr.  E.  W.  Earned 
came  to  build  the  second  brick  house  in 
Evanston,  to  be  the  future  home  of  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  L  P.  DeCoudres.  In  the  fol- 
lowing year  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Earned  located 
permanently  in  Evanston. 

To  all  appreciating  the  value  of  the 
kindergarten  and  the  importance  of  the 
early  years  of  childhood,  a  most  impor- 
tant and  far-reaching  event  occurred, 
when,  in  the  spring  of  1866,  Rev.  and 
Mrs.  Edward  Eggleston  commenced  their 
home-making  in  our  village.  Mr.  Eggle- 
ston was  among  the  first  of  our  Ameri- 
can fathers  to  comprehend  and  appreciate 
the  methods  and  aim  of  the  great  Froebel. 
Finding  it  impossible  to  obtain  a  good 
translation  of  Froebel's  songs,  he  studied 
German  for  that  purpose ;  translated  the 
songs,  built  a  cottage  for  the  kindergarten 
and  taught  the  kindergartners,  and, 
meanwhile,  superintended  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Sunday  School,  while  carrying 
on  his  literary  work. 

Another  iimiate  of  this  "Children's 
Home"  was  a  gifted  young  sister,  Miss 
Jane  Eggleston,  who  subsequently  be- 
came the  wife  of  Rev.  Charles  Zimmer- 
man. Mrs.  Zimmerman,  although  pos- 
sessed of  unusual  intellectual  gifts  (as 
all  who  have  read  her  "Gray  Heads  on 
Young  Shoulders"  recognize),  has  been 
far  more  than  a  c|uarter  of  a  century  a 
most  faithful  mother  and  home-maker,  as 
Rev.  Mr.  Zimmerman  is  one  of  our  enthu- 
siastic  reformers. 


In  this  same  year,  1866,  much  interest 
centered  in  the  arrival  of  many  other 
most  interesting  families  and  in  the  erec- 
tion of  some  beautiful  homes  in  our 
suburb,  notably  the  residence  of  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  \V.  N.  Brainard,  on  Hinman  Ave- 
nue. The  homes  of  those  days,  although 
not  equaling,  in  many  respects,  some  of 
the  more  massive  structures  of  modern 
times,  possessed  all  the  essentials  of  ideal 
homes,  namely:  large  grounds,  grassy 
parks  shadowed  by  beautiful  trees,  flowers, 
books,  music,  happy  children,  and  genuine 
altruism.  In  the  home  of  .Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Brainard,  for  a  quarter  of  a  century,  a  most 
charming  hospitality  was  dispensed.  While 
fulfilling  every  duty  incident  to  mother- 
hood and  home,  Mrs.  Brainard  found  time 
for  helpful  service  in  the  church  and  in  so- 
cial circles,  and  also  for  extensive  and 
discriminating  reading  along  philosophic 
and  spiritual  lines,  which  has  caused  her 
opinions  to  be  highly  valued  by  all  who 
love  the  good,  the  beautiful  and  the  true. 
Mr.  William  X.  Brainard  served  as  a 
member  of  the  State  Board  of  Railroad 
and  Warehouse  Commissioners,  and  was 
a  most  public-spirited  citizen. 

In  this  same  historic  year,  still  other 
names,  destined  to  be  loved  and  honored 
in  Evanston,  first  became  known  in 
church,  in  journalistic  and  social  life.  We 
refer  to  those  of  Hon.  and  Mrs.  Andrew 
Shuman.  As  editor  of  the  "Evening 
Journal,"  of  Chicago,  and  subsequently 
as  Lieutenant-Governor  of  the  State,  Mr. 
Shuman  reflected  honor  upon  the  home  of 
his  adoption,  while  his  wife  soon  became 
an  accepted  authority  in  the  most  refined 
and  intellectual  circles.  The  family 
homestead,  embowered  in  stately  ever- 
greens and  majestic  elms  and  oaks,  was  a 
radiating  center  of  many  helpful  influences. 

In  1867  came  such  helpful  citizens  as 
Mr.    and    Mrs.    T.    K.    Webster.    Col.    and 


332 


HOMES  AXD  HOAIE-MAKERS— 1846-1870 


Mrs.  E.  S.  Weeden,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Alfred 
Sewell,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Charles  H.  Gilbert 
— each  and  all  referred  to  elsewhere. 

Many  pleasant  memories  and  much 
loving  interest  center  in  the  home  of 
Professor  and  Mrs.  H.  S.  Noyes.  From 
i860  to  1869  Professor  Noyes  was  the  Act- 
ing President  of  the  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity, and  was  ably  seconded  in  his  manifold 
duties  as  parent,  educator  and  citizen, 
by  his  gifted  and  accomplished  wife. 
What  the  most  ideal  home  of  any  college 
President  has  been  to  any  village  have 
been  the  homes  of  the  Northwestern's 
Presidents  to  Evanston.  In  the  list, 
which  includes  such  honored  names  as 
Bishop  and  Mrs.  Foster,  Dr.  and  Mrs. 
Hinman,  Professor  and  Mrs.  Noyes, 
Bishop  and  Mrs.  E.  O.  Haven,  Bishop 
and  Mrs.  Charles  Fowler,  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Oli- 
ver Marcy,  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Cummings,  Dr. 
and  Airs.  Henry  Wade  Rogers,  and  Dr. 
and  Mrs.  Edmund  James,  we  recognize  a 
succession  of  influences  which  have  great- 
ly enriched  and  ennobled  the  life  and  civ- 
ilization of  this  great  Northwest. 

Among  the  names  of  influential  citi- 
zens which  will  appear  and  re-appear  in 
the  reports  of  clubs  (Philosophical,  Edu- 
cational and  Social),  business  enterprises, 
church  organizations  and  village  interests, 
are  those  of, 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  George  Reynolds, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Heman  G.  Powers, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  A.  P.  Wightman, 
Mr.    and    Mrs.    George    ]\I.    Huntoon 
(1841), 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  E.  R.  Paul, 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  A.  J.  Brown, 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  D.  13.  Dewey. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Addison  de  Coudres, 

Major      and      Mrs.     Edward      Russell 

(1855), 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  A.  Childs, 
Prof,  and   Mrs.  Julius   F.  Kellogg, 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  Wycoff, 
"Deacon"  and  Mrs.  Hill, 
Mr.  and  J\Irs.  Alexander  Gunn, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Eugene  Chapman, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  A.  G.  Wilder, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  A.  Lighthall, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  D.  I.  Crocker, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Lyman, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  F.  M.  Weller, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  P.  G.  Siller, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  H.  C.  Cone, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  I.  H.  Haywood, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  C.  Comstock, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Charles  Comstock, 
Mrs.  Sarah  Roland  Childs, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Edward  S.  Taylor, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Charles  Wightman, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  S.  A.  Kean, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  H.  Hamline, 
Mr.  and  ]\Irs.  Thomas  Cosgrove, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  R.  S.  King, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  L.  C.  Pitner, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  C.  S.  Burch, 
Mrs.  Caroline  Murray, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Alfred  L.  Sewell, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  J.  J.  Parkhurst, 
:\Ir.  and  Mrs.  David  R.  Dyche, 
Lewis  M.  Angle. 

Those  wdio  would  most  deplore  any 
loss  of  tenderness  or  refinement  in  wom- 
en, or  any  diminution  in  love  of,  or  loyal- 
ty to,  home  or  children,  as  a  result  of 
more  inclusive  and  public  interests,  are 
referred  to  page  236  of  "  A  Classic  Town," 
and  are  requested  to  study  the  faces  of 
four  of  Evanston's  most  illustrious  moth- 
ers, housekeepers  and  home-makers :  i.  e., 
Mrs.  Mary  Thompson  Willard,  Mrs. 
Lucy  Bannister,  Mrs.  Henriette  S.  Kidder 
and  Mrs.  Melinda  Hamline.  Before  re- 
ferring to  these  noble  mothers  of  illustri- 
ous children,  we  would  be  glad  if  Miss 
Frances  Willard  had  given  us,  on  the  op- 
posite page  of  her  volume  the  equally  in- 
teresting faces  of  the  fathers  in  these  not- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


333 


able  homes:  ^Ir.  J.  G.  W'illard ;  Rev. 
Henry  Bannister,  D.  D. ;  Rev.  Daniel 
Kidder,  D.  D.,  and  Bishop  Hamline — for 
in  each  case,  at  a  glance,  one  would  have 
discovered  that  in  these  ideal  homes  there 
was  always  found  the  poet's  dream  of 
"Two  heads  in  council."  The  face  of 
Mrs.  Mary  Thompson  \\'illard  is  the  first 
of  the  notable  group  of  home-makers  to 
arrest  our  thought.  The  story  of  the  life  of 
the  beloved  and  honored  W'illard  family  in 
our  midst  is  so  familiar  that  its  re-telling 
here  is  unnecessar}-,  and  we  content  our- 
selves  with    reproducing   a    single    scene. 

On  January  3,  1885,  one  of  the  most 
notable  gatherings  ever  held  in  the  West 
convened  at  "Rest  Cottage,"  in  recogni- 
tion of  the  eightieth  birthday  of  "^Madame 
Willard."  The  father,  Mr.  J.  G.  Willard, 
the  daughter  "Mary"  (whose  "nineteen 
beautiful  years"  have  been  so  beautifully 
photographed  by  her  illustrious  sister), 
and  the  brilliant  son,  Air.  Oliver  Willartl. 
had  all  passed  to  the  Spirit  Realm;  but 
the  mother,  calm,  poised,  genial  and  radi- 
ant with  the  pure  joy  resultant  from  re- 
warded self-sacrifice  and  great  enthusi- 
asms, was  still  spared  to  us.  Never  did 
she  seem  more  truly  great  than  in  the  dig- 
nified simplicity  with  which  she  received 
the  homage  paid  to  her,  as  the  noble 
mother  of  the  great  daughter. 

Writing  of  this  event  at  the  time,  we 
said  the  very  cards  of  invitation  seem 
pregnant  with  suggestions,  although  they 
merely  hint  of  the  inclusive  home-making 
of  this  great  mother.  They,  however,  re- 
mind those  who  have  the  entree  to  this 
veritable  "Rest  Cottage,"  of  a  pleasant 
fact,  namely:  that  here,  under  one  roof, 
divided  by  an  open  doorway,  are  the 
homes  of  Madame  Willard  and  her 
daughter  Frances,  and  of  the  beloved 
daughter-in-law.  Mary  Bannister  Wil- 
lard, with  her  group  of  children. 


The  words  written  for  this  occasion  by 
Mrs.  Mary  A.  Livermore  are  so  obvious- 
ly true  of  many  fathers  and  mothers  in 
Evanston,  that  we  presume  to  produce 
them  here : 

"My  Dear  Mrs.  Willard: 

"I  have  come  to  know  you  through 
your  children.  A  mother  is  indeed  hon- 
ored, whose  children  rise  up  and  call  her 
'blessed.'  I  also  call  you  blessed ;  not 
alone  because  of  your  children,  but  be- 
cause you  have  learned  so  well  the  les- 
sons and  mastered  so  nobly  the  tasks  as- 
signed us  here  in  the  first  school  of  the 
soul.  Yours  truly, 

■■]\Iary  A.  Livermore." 

Equally  appropriate  are  the  lines  writ- 
ten for  this  occasion  by  the  dearly  loved 
adopted  daughter  of  this  home,  Miss 
Anna  Gordon : 

"We  join  tonight  to  honor  one, 
\A'hose  crown  of  eighty  years 

Reflects  a  faith  that's  born  of  love, 
A  hope  that   conquers   fears. 

"A  life  enriched  by  blessed  deeds, 
All  through  its  blessed  days ; 

A  soul  that,  e'en  in  darkest  hours, 
.Still  sings  its  song  of  praise." 

Many  parents,  themselves  deprived  of 
early  advantages,  congratulating  their 
children  or  grandchildren  who  enjoy  the 
glorious  opportunities  of  the  "present," 
re-echo  the  words  of  this  grateful  moth- 
er: "Your  opportunity  is  my  pleasure; 
your  duty  is  my  delight." 

Isabel  Somerset  (Lady  Henry)  in  the 
"Rest  Islander,''  has  preserved  for  us  this 
picture : 

"In  October,  1891,  I  stood  for  the  first 
time  on  the  platform  of  the  railway  sta- 
tion in  the  "Classic  Town  of  Evanston." 
It  was  a  sunnv,  autumn  dav.     The  rare 


334 


HOMES  AND  HOME-MAKERS— 1846- 1870 


tints  of  ruby  and  gold  that  gleam  as  sum- 
mer's funeral  torches  in  the  glad,  new 
world,  were  flaming  in  brilliant  beauty 
along  the  shady  park-ways  of  that  lovely 
spot  on  the  shores  of  Lake  Michigan. 

"A  few  minutes  later,  I  was  in  'Rest 
Cottage,'  as  it  was  then  in  its  complete- 
ness, for  since  that  day,  the  sun  has  set 
on  that  great  life  that  was  the  center  of 
the  home  circle.  Mrs.  Willard  stood 
there  then  in  the  doorway  to  meet  me, 
erect  and  queenly  still,  in  spite  of  her 
eighty-six  years.  She  greeted  me  with 
that  gentle  kindness  that  showed  at  once 
her  innate,  refined  and  quiet  dignity,  and, 
as  we  sat  around  the  supper-table  that 
night,  amid  the  dainty  brightness,  yet 
simple  surroundings  of  that  charming 
home,  and  later  gathered  round  the  open 
hearth  in  Miss  Willard's  den,  or  walked 
next  day  in  the  yard  with  its  trees  and 
flowers,  grape  arbor  and  rustic  dove-cote, 
I  felt  that,  in  all  my  wanderings  up  and 
down  the  world,  I  had  never  found  a  more 
harmonious  home ;  a  spot  in  which 
seemed  combined  the  breezy  atmosphere 
of  the  great  wide  world,  with  the  fragrant 
family  life  which  remained  unruffled  in 
its  holy  calm." 

The  second  picture  is  that  of  Mrs.  Me- 
linda  Hamline.  During  a  Sabbath  after- 
noon in  the  'sixties,  strangers  were  some- 
times surprised  to  see  numbers  of  people 
leaving  the  attractive  lakeside  home  of 
one  who  was  always  known  as  "Mrs. 
(Bishop)  Hamline."  Curiosity  was 
speedily  assuaged,  however,  by  the  state- 
ment, that  these  were  members  of  the 
"Bible  Class"  taught  by  this  gentle,  little 
blue-eyed  woman,  who  combined  with 
the  tenderness  of  the  violet  the  poise  and 
strength  of  the  eternal  hills. 

We  are  told  that  "the  first  home  that 
the  stranger  student  was  invited  to  enter 
in  Evanston  between  the  }ears  of  1856  anrl 


1870  was  likely  to  be  that  of  Rev.  Dr.  and 
Mrs.  Daniel  Kidder."  Miss  Willard  writes 
in  her  historical  sketch,  "That  roomy  man- 
sion among  the  trees,  so  long  known  as  the 
'Hitt  Homestead,"  was  one  of  the  first,  if 
not  the  foremost,  social  center  of  old-time 
Evanston.  Its  way  was  undisputed ;  its 
associations  were  delightful.  True  Chris- 
tian hospitality  has  rarely  had  a  more  ad- 
equate exponent ;  for  here  were  comfort, 
cordiality  and  culture  without  luxury, 
fashion  or  display.  The  timid  girl,  work- 
ing her  passage  through  college,  salutes 
the  distinguished  head  of  the  University, 
and  the  youth  who  sawed  wood  or  milked 
cows  to  earn  his  board,  met  the  rich  Chi- 
cago business  man  without  feeling  any 
gulf  between  them." 

We  are  glad  to  call  attention  to  the  fact 
that  this  recognition  of  the  true  dignity 
of  industry  was  not  confined  to  those  ear- 
lier years.  During  the  notable  feast  of 
oratory  incident  to  the  fiftieth  birth-day 
of  the  Northwestern  University,  no  senti- 
ment received  greater  applause  than  the 
following  voiced  by  the  youngest  repre- 
sentative on  the  programme  :  "Evanston 
is  not  ashamed  of  her  college  stokers." 

Rev.  George  E.  Strowbridge,  another 
of  Evanston "s  representative  children,  the 
son  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  M.  M.  Conwell,  writing 
of  this  home,  after  referring  to  the  most 
generous  hospitality  of  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Kid- 
der, says:  "It  was  of  incalculable  benefit  to 
those  whose  opinions  were  then  forming, 
that  this  'home,'  with  its  large  library 
lined  with  well  chosen  books,  its  roomy 
parlors  and  its  broad  piazza  on  which  we 
delighted  to  promenade  when  summer 
nights  were  fair  and  sweet,  brought  to 
our  young  hearts  the  conception  of  Christ 
and  Christians  as  a  social  force." 

The  fourth  face  upon  this  interesting 
page  is  that  of  Mrs.  Lucy  K.  Bannister, 
another    mother    of    notable   children    and 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


335 


grandchildren,  philanthropists,  litera- 
teurs,  musicians,  authors.  In  this  home 
we  find  the  father  ever  a  most  potent  fac- 
tor, since,  whenever  Dr.  Henry  Bannister 
presided,  there  was  a  recognized  "Mc- 
Gregor at  the  head  of  the  table."  Friends, 
pupils,  citizens,  attest  to  the  good  influ- 
ences constantly  emanating  from  this 
home.  Our  Common  Schools,  "Free  Li- 
brary," The  "Philosophical  Association" 
and  the  "Temperance  Alliance,"  each 
found  in  Dr.  Bannister  a  most  helpful 
friend ;  while  he,  in  time,  sought  and 
found  his  inspiration  and  help  in  the 
beautiful  and  spiritual  woman  who,  for 
half  a  century,  was  the  light  of  his  home. 

We  have  previously  referred  to  the  pleas- 
ant home  of  Rev.  and  Mrs.  C.  P.  Bragdon 
(the  latter  a  sister  of  Dr.  Bannister), 
where  were  developing  into  helpful  man- 
hood and  womanhood  another  group  of 
children,  who  were  to  render  this  name 
historic  in  the  annals  of  Evanston. 

Having  written  and  quoted  the  fore- 
going in  regard  to  these  notable  home- 
makers,  our  attention  is  arrested  by  a 
page  containing  another  group  of  names 
almost  equally  notable  as  mothers,  liter- 
ateurs,  poets  and  philanthropists.  This 
is  the  page  on  which  appear  the  portraits 
of  Mrs.  Mary  B.  WiUard,  Mrs.  I.  R.  Hitt, 
Mrs.  E.  E.  Marcey  and  Mrs.  Emily  Hunt- 
ington Miller.  As  one  thinks  of  that 
slight  figure  of  Mrs.  Miller,  in  those  earli- 
er days,  so  beautifully  administering  her 
home;  then,  of  her  contributions  to  the 
"Little  Corporal,"  still  later  of  accep- 
table lectures  at  Chautauqua,  one  wonders 
at  her  strength.  Then,  as  we  revert 
in  thought  to  the  herculean  work  and  pe- 
tite stature  of  Frances  Willard,  of  the 
work  of  Mary  B.  Willard,  Mrs.  Marcey 
and  others,  all  small  of  stature,  we  are  re- 
minded of  one  of  Mrs.  Mary  Livermore's 
stories,  which  she  prefaced  with  the  state- 


ment, "Oh,  the  power  of  these  little  wom- 
en!" She  stated  that  when  she  called  a 
meeting  of  women  in  Chicago,  to  counsel 
with  them  in  regard  to  the  name  of  a 
journal  she  was  thinking  of  publishing, 
some  large  woman  who  appeared  to  be 
physically  able  to  overturn  a  State,  would 
rise,  and,  in  the  softest,  gentlest  tones 
would  say:  "Madame  Chairman,  I  move 
that  the  paper  be  called  the  'Morning 
Light'  or  the  "Dawn  of  Day.' "  Then, 
some  little  woman  would  arise  and  in 
clear,  unmistakeable  tones  would  say,  "O 
do  not  vote  for  'The  Dawn  of  Day,'  or 
'Morning  Light,'  but  for  the  'Revolution' 
or  the  'Agitator.'  " 

Just  at  this  point  we  would  ask  permis- 
sion to  explain  that,  if  in  this  record  of 
home-making,  the  work  of  the  fathers  does 
not  always  receive  equal  emphasis  with 
that  of  the  mothers,  it  is  because  the  fa- 
thers are  to  appear  in  other  records. 

In  almost  every  one  of  the  homes  men- 
tioned there  were,  from  the  beginning, 
imperious  duties  and  interests  requiring 
the  joint  action  of  Ijoth  parents.  It  would 
be  a  labor  of  love  to  allow  this  chapter  to 
-enlarge  into  a  volume,  and  to  chronicle 
the  name,  not  only  of  every  pioneer,  but 
the  name  and  fame  of  all  the  beloved  "la- 
ter arrivals,"  but  that  pleasure  must  be 
enjoyed  by  some  future  historian. 

The  necessary  limits  of  this  fragmentary 
sketch  prevent  other  than  the  briefest 
reference,  especially  to  such  names  as  will 
appear  in  specific  records  of  churchly,  edu- 
cational, industrial  and  philanthropic  in- 
terests. However,  in  gleaning  from  the 
facts  of  road-making,  house,  church 
and  school  building,  the  manifold  altruis- 
tic and  philanthropic  plans  devised  by 
these  fathers  and  mothers  (surrounded  by 
their  groups  of  little  children)  ;  one  is  re- 
minded of  the  story  of  Bernini,  the  cele- 
brated  Italian   Master.     L'pon   one  occa- 


336 


HOMES  AND  HOME-MAKERS— 1846-1870 


sion,  this  versatile  genius  gave  a  public 
opera  in  Rome,  for  which,  as  Vasari  tells 
us,  "he  built  the  theater,  painted  the  scen- 
ery, invented  the  engines,  composed  the 
music  and  wrote  the  poem." 

We  greet  the  children  and  grandchil- 
dren of  these  pioneers  in  every  honorable 
occupation  to-day ;  in  business,  litera- 
ture, science,  music,  the  drama,  art,  phil- 
osophy and  religion,  and  as  we  greet 
them  thus,  we  re-affirm  the  thought  that 
nothing  pays  so  well  as  wise,  loving,  true 
and  faithful  parenthood. 

Surely  the  notable  and  useful  children 
and  grandchildren  who  have  emerged 
from  these  homes,  were  developed  in  an 
atmosphere  of  plain  living  and  high 
thinking,  since,  in  1853,  the  taxable  prop- 
erty of  Evanston  was  assessed  at  six  hun- 
dred dollars,  and  we  find  on  the  ta.x-list 
of  that  year,  the  names  of  George  Hun- 
toon,  Eli  Gaffield,  William  Foster,  Paul 
Pratt,  Mrs.  Pratt,  O.  A.  Grain  and 
Charles  Grain. 

Mrs.  Beveridge  reports  a  church  serv- 
•ice  in  1854,  at  which  all  but  three  of  the 
women  appeared  in  the  old  time  sun-bon- 
nets, and  the  clerical  dress  of  the  pastor 
consisted   of  blue   cotton  "overalls," 

Judging  from  the  helpful  lives  of  the 
children  of  these  simpler  homes,  we  are 
convinced  that  the  foundations  of  our 
beautiful  Evanston  were  laid  by  those 
who  had  learned  "the  true  secret  of  cul- 
ture," thus  beautifully  defined  by  the 
"Concord  Sage :" 

"The  secret  of  culture  is  to  learn  that  a 
few  great  points  steadily  re-appear,  alike 
in  the  poverty  of  the  obscurest  farm  and 
in  the  miscellany  of  metropolitan  life,  and 
that  these  few  are  alone  to  be  regarded, 
namely :  the  escape  from  all  false  ties ; 
courage  to  be  what  we  are  and  to  love 
what  is  simple  and  beautiful ;  independ- 
ent and  cheerful  relations.    These  are  the 


essentials ;  these,  and  the  wish  to  serve,  to 
add  somewhat  to  the  well-being  of  man." 

A  charming  story  could  be  written 
concerning  the  distinguished  guests  who 
have  been  welcomed  to  these  homes.  A 
list  including  such  names  as  those  of 
Abraham  Lincoln,  who  was  entertained 
by  General  and  Mrs,  Julius  White;  Lady 
Henry  Somerset,  of  England ;  Susan  B. 
Anthony,  A.  Bronson  Alcott,  Presidents, 
Bishops,  literateurs.  Judges,  poets,  phil- 
osophers, scientists,  statesmen  and  phil- 
anthropists, ad  infinitum. 

^Ve  also  delight  to  record  that  our 
somewhat  too  puritanic  Evanston  of  the 
"airly  days,"  was  at  times  capable  of 
great  enthusiasms,  and  we  gladly  repro- 
duce the  picture  of  a  most  unusual  scene 
preserved  for  us  by  Miss  Willard,  in  con- 
nection with  a  charming  biographical 
sketch  of  Bishop  Simpson  and  his  wife, 
and  of  their  three  years'  residence  here. 
She  writes : 

"While  he  lived  in  Evanston,  i860  to 
1863,  the  Bishop's  official  duties  called 
him  to  California,  and  half  the  town 
formed  in  procession  going  with  him  to 
the  train,  an  honor  never  before  or  since 
accorded  to  mortal,  that  I  know  of,  by 
our  staid  and  thoroughly  equipoised  Ev- 
anstonians.  \\'hen  he  returned,  coming 
all  the  awful  distance  overland  by  stage, 
and  in  peril  of  the  Indians  a  large  part  of 
the  way,  we  all  turned  out  again,  and  car- 
rying the  Bragdon  melodeon  and  led  by 
the  Ludlam  voices,  we  young  folks  ser- 
enaded our  revered  chief  with, 

'Home  again,  home  again. 
From  a  foreign  shore !'  " 

Difficult,  as  it  doubtless  is,  for  their  de- 
scendants to  realize  the  manifold  self- 
sacrifices,  the  anxieties  and  discourage- 
ments of  pioneer  life,  yet  do  not  those 
who  have  lived  to  enjoy  the  luxuries  of 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


337 


"apartments,"  "steam-heat"  or  "Yaryan" ; 
of  butlers'  pantries,"  and  modern  "recep- 
tions," often  revert  to  the  good  old-fash- 
ioned open  fires,  the  old-fashioned  fami- 
ly singing  or  the  neighborhood  singing 
school,  and  the  blessed  old-fashioned  tea- 
parties,  when  there  was  leisure  for  high- 
thinking  and  opportunity  to  express  one's 
thoughts ;  when  the  patriotism  of  the 
home  and  the  public  spirit  of  the  fathers  and 
mothers  were  manifested  in  the  children 
and  over-flowed  into  the  groves,  at  least 
once  a  year,  on  the  Fourth  of  July? 

If,  added  to  those  conscious  pleasures, 
some  seer  or  prophet  could  have  appeared 
and  voiced  some  such  words  as  the  fol- 
lowing, would  not  the  ever-recurring  dai- 
ly duties  have  been  performed  with  added 
joy?  "Congratulations,  good  friends!" 
must  have  been  the  exclamations,  as  upon 
the  "screens  prophetic"  were  thrown,  in 
rapid  succession,  scenes  from  the  future 
lives  of  some  of  these  growing,  question- 
ing children.  Suppose  we  could  have 
foreseen  Frances  E.  Willard  presiding  in 
England's  capitol  over  a  World's  Temper- 
ance Convention ;  General  and  Mrs.  Bev- 
eridge  "receiving"  at  the  executive  man- 
sion at  Springfield ;  Hon.  Lyman  J.  Gage 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  United  States 
Cabinet  at  Washington ;  Mrs.  Emily 
Huntington  Miller  reading  her  poems,  or 
serving  as  a  Trustee  of  the  Northwestern 
University :  Mary  Bannister  Willard  as  a 
beloved  teacher  in  Germany's  capital : 
Kathryn  Kidder  receiving  plaudits  incident 
to  her  success  upon  the  histrionic  stage ; 
and  Harry  Boutell  serving  in  State  and  Na- 
tional legislative  halls. 

Imagine  the  joy  of  the  aged  parents  of 
our  notable  architect,  Mr.  D.  H.  Burn- 
ham,  could  they  have  foreseen  him, 
crowned  with  the  knowledge  of  having 
aided  in  creating  that  diapason  of  archi- 
tecture, the   Court  of  Honor,  at  the  Co- 


lumbian Exposition !  Or,  how  the  hearts 
of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Andrew  J.  Brown — who, 
for  almost  half  a  century,  have  lived  and 
served  so  faithfully  in  the  home  and  the 
church — would  have  been  thrilled,  could 
they  have  foreseen  their  beautiful  and 
gifted  daughter,  Mrs.  Jessie  Brown  Hil- 
ton, voicing,  with  womanly  earnestness, 
her  helpful  thoughts  and  suggestions  to 
listening  mothers  throughout  the  State ! 
It  could  but  have  pleased  Dr.  and  Mrs. 
N.  S.  Davis,  could  they  have  glimpsed  the 
interesting  scene  in  connection  with  the 
inauguration  of  Dr.  James  as  President 
of  "Northwestern  University,"  when,  in 
manly  bearing  and  clearness  of  thought, 
their  son  should  stand  almost  peerless 
among  many  of  the  leading  educators  of 
the  world. 

Would  that  Elder  and  Mrs.  Boring 
could  have  foreseen  the  varied  activities 
of  their  children  in  church,  philanthropy 
and  in  the  home;  and  that  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
William  G.  White  could  have  imaged  to 
their  loving,  parental  eyes  the  manifold 
and  helpful  influences  their  children  were 
to  set  afloat  in  our  schools  and  homes ; 
that  Mrs.  Way  could  have  foreseen  the 
ever-increasing  usefulness  of  the  College 
Cottage  for  which  she  did  so  much,  or 
Mr.  Charles  Way,  the  fond  father  and  co- 
operating home-maker,  could  have  seen 
his  daughter,  IMrs.  Catherine  Way  Mc- 
IMullen,  presiding  over  the  Illinois  Con- 
gress of  Mothers,  ably  assisted  in  every 
good  word  and  work  by  her  husband,  Mr. 
Roger  McMullen.  Could  these  things 
have  been  foreseen,  every  cloud  of  discon- 
tent would  have  melted  before  the  sun- 
shine of  gratitude. 

With  the  exodus  to  Evanston,  which 
occurred  as  a  result  of  the  great  fire  of 
1871,  a  new  life  dawned  upon  our  hereto- 
fore almost  idyllically  peaceful  village. 
New  interests  were  developed,  new  meth- 


338 


HOMES  AND  HOME-MAKERS— 1846-1870 


ods  introduced,  new  social  circles  formed 
and  the  village  began  to  assume  some 
of  the  desirable,  as  well  as  some  of 
the  undesirable,  aspects  of  a  city.  To 
those  who  saw  with  regret  the  magnifi- 
cent oak  trees  dying,  the  optimists 
pointed  out  the  more  regular  parks,  fringed 
with  rapidly  growing  elms  and  the  glow- 
ing maples ;  to  those  who  saw,  with  re- 
gret, the  beautiful  grounds  surrounding 
the  homes  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  A.  J.  Brown, 
Mr.  Piirington,  General  and  Mrs.  Ducat, 
being  divided  into  small  city  lots,  the 
same  cheerful  friends  replied :  "Ah !  but 
think  of  the  beautiful  homes  that  are  be- 
ing builded,  and  the  charming  people  who 
are  coming  to  reside  in  them."  To  those 
who  would  lament  the  loss  of  the  "big 
woods,"  where  the  violets  and  hepaticas 
grew  in  such  abundance,  the  reply  would 
be  made  —  "Rejoice  in  the  beautiful 
sward  that  forms  such  a  perfect  setting 
to  hundreds  of  homes." 

The  fame  of  Evanston,  as  a  city  of 
beautiful  homes,  became  so  wide-spread 
that  fathers  and  mothers  who  desired  to 
secure  for  their  children  educational  advan- 
tages and  the  environment  of  a  moral  and 
temperate  community,  came  in  such  num- 
bers that  some  future  historian  must  devote 
volumes  to  the  record  of  their  manifold 
services. 

Recognizing,  as  we  do,  "the  beautiful 
times  we  are  in."  and  the  value  of  the  rich 
inheritance  enjoj-ed  by  the  children  of 
the  present  generation,  let  us  highly  re- 
solve, here,  in  our  truly  beautiful,  lake- 
bordered,  tree-fringed,  flower-crowned 
Evanston,  to  build  such  a  monument  to 
these  pioneer  home-makers  as  has  never  yet 
been  attempted,  namely,  a  city  in  zvhich 
there  cannot  be  found  a  neglected  or  friend- 
less child.  If,  in  those  early  days,  there  was 
money  enough,  wisdom  enough,  time 
enough,     Christianity     enough     and     love 


enough  to  build  the  libraries,  the  schools, 
the  colleges,  the  railroads  and  the  churches, 
there  is  now  money  enough,  wisdom 
enough,  time  enough,  Christianity  enough 
and  love  enough  to  make  life  for  every 
child  within  our  borders  full  of  blessedness, 
opportunity  and  joy.  ' 

From  the  beginning  of  its  history, 
Evanston  has  offered  almost  ideal  condi- 
tions for  true  home-making.  The  great 
University  has  offered  rare  educational 
facilities  for  every  lad  and  lassie.  The 
wise  legislation  which  has  resulted  in  ren- 
dering the  village  peculiarly  free  from 
the  temptations  incident  to  the  liquor 
traffic ;  its  proximity  to  a  great  city,  and 
the  spiritual  and  educational  influences 
which  have  predominated,  have  made  it 
"beautiful  for  situation"  and  greatly  to  be 
desired. 

While  in  every  village  and  locality  one 
finds  a  certain  coterie  of  influential  people 
and  home  makers,  in  Evanston  this  coterie 
has  been  so  unusually  large  that  the  pres- 
ent historian  is  limited  to  the  merest  cat- 
alogue of  names  of  those  who,  with  their 
descendants,  have  made  the  name  of  our 
village  known  throughout  the  world. 

Those  early  days  were  enriched  by  the 
most  helpful  co-operation  of  friends  and 
neighbors,  "in  sickness  and  in  health," 
in  feasting  and  fasting,  in  poverty  and  in 
wealth.  We  have  referred  to  the  cheerful 
services  of  Mr.  John  A.  Pearsons  as  the 
first  choir  master;  the  future  historian 
will  record  the  years  of  cheerful  service, 
subsequently  given  by  Mr.  O.  H.  Mer- 
win.  Mr.  Merwin  and  Mrs.  Bannister 
Merwin  were  one  of  the  young  couples 
who  arrived  just  in  time  to  be  entered 
upon  the  Pioneer  Roll  of  Honor,  together 
with  our  gifted  Prof.  Robert  Cumnock 
and  his  wife. 

Notwithstanding  the  manifold  and  im- 
perious home  duties  of  these  useful  home- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


339 


builders,  the  true  club  spirit  was  manifested 
as  early  as  1864,  when,  in  the  spacious 
and  hospitable  home  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Charles  Comstock,  the  "Eclectic  Club" 
was  organized.  In  a  more  truly  inclusive 
spirit  than  the  name  indicates,  every  al- 
ternate week  witnessed  a  hospitality 
which  included  a  genuine  flow  of  soul 
as  well  as  a  reasonable  feast.  This  inter- 
esting story,  however,  belongs  to  the  rec- 
ord of  Club  Life. 

While  the  village  life  was  remarkably 
free  from  "cliques,"  or  divisions,  and 
while,  upon  all  important  occasions  the 
entire  community  seemed  to  be  of  one 
household,  yet  about  this  time,  owing 
to  geographical  reasons  and  the  limita- 
tions of  the  home-parlor,  the  social  and 
literary  life  seemed  to  be  forming  around 
two  centers.  One  such  center  was  the 
University  and  the  rapidly  enlarging 
Methodist  Church ;  another  seemed  to 
have  as  a  nucleus  the  Episcopal  Church 
and  the  "Eclectic  Club." 

Thus,  while  one  group  of  friends  en- 
thusiastically recall  the  good  old  times 
enjoj'ed  in  the  pleasant  homes  of  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Charles  Comstock,  Hon.  and  Mrs. 
H.  B.  Hurd,  :\rr.  and  Mrs.  William  Page, 
Mr.  and  Airs.  L.  C.  Pitner,  Mr.  and  Airs. 
George  Watson,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  George 
Purington,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thomas  Cos- 
grove,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  S.  H.  Burch,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  George  Bliss,  Air.  and  Airs.  R.  H. 
King,  Air.  and  Airs.  J.  J.  Parkhurst,  Gen. 
and  Airs.  Julius  White  and  Air.  and  Airs. 
William  Blanchard,  another  will  claim  that 
never  were  there  such  gatherings  of 
charming  people  as  those  enjoyed  in  the 
homes  of  Dr.  and  Airs.  Judson,  Rev.  and 
Airs.  Bragdon,  Dr.  and  Airs.  Ludlam,  Air. 


and  Airs.  T.  C.  Hoag,  Dr.  and  Airs.  Ban- 
nister, Air.  and  Mrs.  Isaac  R.  Hitt,  Air. 
and  Airs.  J.  AI.  Williams,  Mr.  and  Airs. 
Francis  Bradley,  Air.  and  Airs.  W.  N. 
Brainard,  and  Air.  and  Airs.  Andrew  Shu- 
man.  \\'hile  some  homes  have  surpassed 
others  in  richness  of  tapestries,  draperies, 
marbles  and  pictures,  yet  in  almost  every 
one  are  to  be  found  well  selected  libraries, 
flowers,  good  music,  high  thinking  and  al- 
truistic service. 

This  limited  record  is  submitted  to  the 
citizens  and  home-makers  of  our  beautiful 
Evanston,  with  the  hope  that  even  the 
fragmentary  glimpses  herein  revealed 
may  cause  many  to  rejoice  in  the  vast 
amount  of  good,  helpful  and  inspiring  in- 
fluence that  may  emanate  from  a  single 
home. 

With  grateful  memories  for  each  and 
all  of  these  pioneers  may  we  conclude  by 
uniting  in  a  "Lang  Syne"  recognition  and 
consecration. 

Then  here's  to  Love,  and  Joy,  and  Truth 

And  Beauty  everywhere ; 
The  cornerstones  on  which  we  build 

Our  Temple  rich  and  rare. 

For  bairnies  of  all  time,  my  dears. 

For  bairnies  of  all  time — 
We'll  keep  a  cup  o'  kindness  here 

For  bairnies  of  all  time. 

These  crystal  walls  of  living  light 

Reflect,  from  base  to  dome, 
How  faithfully  we're  building  here 

Love's  Temple  of  the  Home. 

For  bairnies  of  all  time,  my  dears, 

For  bairnies  of  all  time — 
Then  keep  a  cup  o'  kindness  here 

For  bairnies  of  all  time. 


CHAPTER  XXXVII. 


EVANSTON  CHURCH  HISTORY 


Early  Methodist  Services  in  Grosse  Point 
District  —  First  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  Organised — Some  of  the  Pioneer 
Preachers — Influence  of  the  Coming  of 
Garrett  Biblical  Institute  and  Xorthwest- 
ern  Uniirrsity — Notable  Ministers  of  a 
Later  Date — Central  M.  E.  Church — List 
of  Pastors  —  Norivegian-Danish  and 
Szvedish  M.  E.  Churches — Hemenway, 
Whcadon  and  Emmanuel  Churches  — 
First  Baptist  Church — Its  Founders  and 
List  of  Pastors — History  of  Presbyterian- 
ism —  First  and  Second  Presbyterian 
Churches  —  Pastors  and  Auxiliary  So- 
cieties —  St.  Mark's  Episcopal  Church 
—  List  of  Pastors  —  St.  Matthew  s  Mis- 
sion —  St.  Mary's  Catholic  Church, 
Schools  and  Related  Associations  —  Con- 
gregational Church  and  Au.viliary  Or- 
gani::ations  —  Bethlehem  German  Ei'an- 
gelical,  Norzvegian-Danish  and  Swedish 
Lutheran  Churches  —  Evanston  Chris- 
tian Church  and  Its  History  —  Church 
of  Christ  (Scientist). 

(The  matter  in  the  following  chapter  devoted 
to  general  church  history,  is  arranged  in  chron- 
ological order  as  related  to  individual  church 
organizations,  but  under  independent  heads.) 

METHODIST  CHURCHES 

<By  F.  D.  RAYMOND) 

First    Methodist    Episcopal    Church. — 

The  earliest  preaching  of  Methodist  cir- 


cuit-riders in  the  territory  called  "Grosse 
Point,"  of  which  I  have  knowledge,  was 
in  the  home  of  George  W.  Huntoon,  on 
Ridge  Avenue,  near  Main  Street,  during 
the  period  from  1838  to  1843.  These 
services  were  occasional  and  were  usually 
held  on  Tuesday  evenings.  In  the  sum- 
mer of  1846,  Rev.  Edward  D.  Wheadon 
and  Rev.  Solomon  F.  Denning  were  as- 
signed to  an  extensive  circuit  which  in- 
cluded Grosse  Point,  and  in  turn  they 
preached  at  the  Grosse  Point  School 
House — a  log  structure  standing  in  the 
the  burial  ground  at  the  corner  of  Ridge 
Avenue  and  Greenleaf  Street.  Other 
preachers  from  Fort  Dearborn  sometimes 
supplied  the  pulpit. 

In  1850  the  town  of  Ridgeville  was  or- 
ganized and  thereafter  that  log  school  house 
was  in  the  town  of  Ridgeville.  The  land 
in  the  town  of  Ridgeville,  purchased  by 
the  Northwestern  University,  was  platted 
as  "Evanston"  in  the  winter  of  1853-54. 
The  school  house  was  outside  the  plat.  The 
spring  of  1854  saw  the  arrival  of  several 
Methodist  families,  among  them  the  fami- 
lies of  John  A.  Pearsons,  Rev.  Philo  Jud- 
son  (the  University  agent),  John  L.  Bev- 
eridge,  James  B.  Colvin  and  A.  Dai'iks. 
Soon  after  his  arrival  Mr.  Judson  organized 
a  Methodist  class,  the  nucleus  of  a  Meth- 
odist church,  of  which  George  VV.  Huntoon 
was  appointed  leader;  and  on  July  13, 
1854,  the  first  quarterly  conference  for  Ev- 


341 


342 


EVANSTON  CHURCH  HISTORY 


anston  charge  was  held  by  Presiding  Elder 
John  Sinclair,  "at  the  log  school  house  in 
the  town  of  Ridgeville."  Some  time  prior 
to  that  date  a  Sunday  school  had  been  or- 
ganized at  the  school  house,  of  which 
Abram  Wigglesworth  was  Superintendent, 
and  at  that  time  Rev.  John  G.  Johnson  was 
preaching  there  by  appointment  of  the  Pre- 
siding Elder.  Philo  Judson  and  J.  G.  John- 
son, preachers,  and  George  W.  Huntoon. 
class  leader,  were  the  members  of  that  first 
quarterly  conference.  The  Sunday  school 
was  reported  as  having  thirteen  officers  and 
teachers  and  eighty-four  scholars.  John  L. 
Beveridge,  A.  Danks  and  J.  B.  Colvin  were 
elected  stewards  and  Abram  Wigglesworth 
was  elected  Superintendent  of  the  Sunday 
school.  Mr.  Johnson  was  recommended  to 
the  Annual  Conference  for  admission  to  the 
itinerary  connection ;  evidently  he  was  a 
local  preacher.  He  remained  at  Evanston 
only  about  six  months  after  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  church.  Mr.  Beveridge  soon 
succeeded  Mr.  Wigglesworth  as  Superin- 
tendent of  the  Sunday  school,  but  during 
the  next  year  three  schools  seem  to  have 
been  maintained  by  this  church — one  in  the 
village  plat  under  Mr.  Beveridge,  one  in 
the  aforementioned  log  school  house  on  the 
South  Ridge,  in  the  "Huntoon"  district 
under  IMr.  Danks,  and  still  another  conduct- 
ed by  Mr.  Wigglesworth,  in  the  other  log 
school  house  on  the  North  Ridge,  or  "Steb- 
bins"  district.  During  subsequent  years 
Sunday  schools  at  Winnetka,  Glencoe, 
Rockland  (Lake  Blufif),  Deerfield,  and 
Bowmanville  were  tributary  to  this  church. 
January  i,  1855,  the  first  building  of 
Garrett  Biblical  Institute — later  called 
Dempster  Hall — was  completed,  and  the 
preaching  services  were  transferred  from 
the  school  house  to  the  Institute  Chapel, 
the  Sunday  school  remaining  in  the  old 
location.    Professor  P.  W.  Wright,  of  the 


Institute,  was  appointed  preacher  in 
charge.  About  May  i,  1855,  the  preach- 
ing services  and  the  Sunday  school  were 
transferred  to  the  upper  story  of  a  build- 
ing erected  and  owned  by  ]Mr.  Judson.  at 
the  corner  of  Davis  Street  and  Orrington 
Avenue.  In  November  of  that  year 
(1855),  the  University  building  was 
opened  at  the  corner  of  Davis  Street  and 
Hinman  Avenue,  and  all  services  were 
transferred  from  the  Judson  Building  to 
the  University  Chapel.  In  September  of 
the  same  year.  Rev.  John  Sinclair,  the 
former  Presiding  Ekler.  was  appoint- 
ed preacher  in  charge.  In  the  sum- 
mer of  1856,  the  first  church  build- 
ing was  erected  at  a  cost  of  $2,800,  at  the 
northeast  corner  of  Church  Street  and 
Orrington  Avenue  and  dedicated  July  27th, 
by  Rev.  John  Dempster,  D.  D.,  assisted 
by  W.  D.  Godman  and  Rev.  John  Sin- 
clair. A.  L.  Cooper  succeeded  John  Sin- 
clair as  pastor  in  October,  1859.  In  the 
quarterly  conference  records  of  that  year, 
the  committee  appointed  to  estimate  the 
table  expenses  of  the  pastor  reported  that 
he  should  be  allowed  $400  for  such  pur- 
pose, which,  with  his  disciplinary  allow- 
ance of  $2GO,  made  $600,  the  society  fur- 
nishing him  a  house  in  addition.  G.  M. 
Huntoon  was  appointed  a  committee  to 
collect  unpaid  subscriptions,  and  was  in- 
structed to  present  (those  who,  in  his 
judgment,  could  but  would  not  pay  the 
same,  to  the  preacher  in  charge  by  way  of 
complaint  for  trial.  In  the  autumn  of 
1858,  Rev.  Charles  P.  Bragdon  was  ap- 
pointed pastor,  and  after  filling  his  full 
term  of  two  years'  service  died  in  Ev- 
anston on  January  8,    1861. 

The  records  of  the  Official  Board  dur- 
ing these  pastorates  furnish  us  some  in- 
teresting glimpses  of  old  fashioned  Meth- 
odism. Cases  of  delinquency  in  attend- 
ance  upon   class-meeting    were    reported 


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HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


343 


and  discussed,  and  committees  were  ap- 
pointed to  labor  with  the  dehnquents 
and  report  at  the  next  meeting.  Commit- 
tees were  appointed  to  investigate,  adjust  if 
possible  and  report  upon  cases  of  disagree- 
ment between  members  of  the  church,  also 
to  investigate  and  report  upon  cases  of  ques- 
tionable financial  dealings  on  the  part  of 
certain  members,  all  of  which  reports 
were  set  out  in  full  in  the  records.  The 
committee  appointed  to  investigate  the 
affairs  of  Brother  B.,  in  connection  with 
the  failure  of  the  banking  firm  of  which 
he  was  a  member,  reported  that  there  ap-, 
peared  no  just  cause  of  complaint  against 
him.  Brother  and  Sister  S.  were  tried 
and  expelled  from  the  church  for  breach 
of  rules  in  not  attending  class  meeting. 
Dr.  \V.  was  tried  and  sentenced  to  be  ad- 
monished by  the  pastor  for  buying, 
through  a  third  party,  a  judgment  against 
himself,  thereby  depriving  his  creditor  of 
part  of  his  just  due.  Sister  T.  and  Broth- 
er W.,  two  of  the  younger  members 
of  the  church,  were  deemed  disorderly 
in  having  engaged  in  dancing  at  a 
picnic  "on  or  about"  the  4th  of  July, 
and  were  called  upon  to  acknowledge 
their  fault  and  do  so  no  more.  Probation- 
ers were  dropped  in  blocks,  for  neglecting 
class-meeting,  some  of  them  being  rein- 
stated again  and  again. 

The  Board  resolved  that  they  would 
sustain  the  preacher  in  charge  in  strictly 
enforcing  the  disciplinary  requirement, 
that  members  should  attend  class,  and 
instructed  the  secretary  to  read  the  reso- 
lutions in  the  public  congregation  on  the 
following  Sabbath. 

The  class  leaders  of  those  days  were :  L. 
Clifford,  J.  W.  Clough,  A.  C.  Stewart,  A. 
Vane,  William  Triggs,  F.  H.  Benson,  John 
Fussey,  G.  W.  Reynolds,  I  Smith,  P.  Jud- 
son,  S.  Springer,  and  H.  S.  Noyes. 

In     i860    Rev.   R.   K.  Bibbins    was    ap- 


pointed pastor  and  remained  one  year, 
being  succeeded  by  Rev.  J.  R.  Goodrich. 
In  1862,  Rev.  O.  H.  Tiffany.  D.  D.,  came 
to  the  pastorate,  widely  known  as  one 
of  the  finest  orators  that  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  has  known.  During 
his  pastorate  the  church  building  was  en- 
larged, so  that  it  assumed  the  form  of  a 
Greek  cross. 

In  the  autumn  of  1864,  Rev.  Miner  Ray- 
mond, D.  D.,  Professor  of  Systematic 
Theology  in  the  Garrett  Biblical  Insti- 
tute, was  appointed  pastor.  He  served 
the  church  ably  for  three  years  and  was 
succeeded  by  Rev.  W.  C.  Dandy,  D.  D., 
in  October,  1867.  Plans  were  discussed 
for  a  new  church,  and  committees  ap- 
pointed for  that  purpose.  Much  discus- 
sion and  dift'erence  of  opinion  were  en- 
countered in  determining  the  location  of 
the  new  edifice.  It  was  not  until  Octo- 
ber, 1869,  that  they  settled  on  the  corner 
of  Hinman  Avenue  and  Church  Street,  a 
site  donated  by  the  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity, adjoining  the  lot  on  which  the  par- 
sonage had  been  built  foiir  years  before. 
Dr.  Dandy  was  made  Presiding  Elder 
in  1869,  and  Rev.  James  Baume  was 
appointed  pastor  of  the  church.  The 
corner-stone  of  the  new  edifice  was 
laid  with  appropriate  ceremonies,  July 
4,  1870.  The  lecture  room  was  dedi- 
cated September  24,  1871,  when  a  sub- 
scription of  $20,597  was  raised  to  cover 
the  cost  of  the  building  in  excess  of  pre- 
vious subscriptions  up  to  that  point.  The 
value  of  these  subscriptions  was  much  af- 
fected by  the  Chicago  fire,  in  October 
of  that  year,  which  postponed  the  day  of 
liquidation.  In  October,  1872,  Rev.  M. 
C.  Briggs,  D.  D.,  was  transferred  to  Ev- 
anston  from  Cincinnati.  During  his  pas- 
torate the  church  was  finished  and  dedi- 
cated at  a  cost  of  $63,837.73,  and  a  large 
organ  provided  at  a  cost  of  $4,500. 


344 


EVANSTON  CHURCH  HISTORY 


In  December,  1875,  R^^.  J.  B.  Went- 
vvorth,  D.  D.,  was  transferred  from  New 
York  and  stationed  at  the  First  Church, 
Evanston.  He  is  described  as  an  intellec- 
tual giant  and  a  great  theologian  who 
often  preached  over  the  heads  of  his  con- 
gregation. During  his  pastorate  the  la- 
dies of  the  church,  under  the  leadership 
of  Airs.  E.  E.  Marcey  and  IVIrs.  Jane  Peek, 
began  a  systematic  collection  of  funds, 
which  resulted  in  reducing  the  debt  fully 
$8,000. 

Rev.  R.  M.  Hatfield,  D.  D.,  was  ap- 
pointed pastor  in  1877,  and  served  the 
full  time  allowed  by  the  laws  of  the 
church.  In  October,  1880,  Rev.  Amos  W. 
Patten  succeeded  to  the  pastorate,  re- 
maining three  years.  During  his  admin- 
istration, and  largely  by  his  efforts,  the 
last  of  the  building  debt  was  provided 
for  by  subscription,  on  September  23, 
1882,  when  at  a  banquet  in  the  church 
parlors  arranged  by  the  trustees.  $14,200 
was  subscribed  for  the  payment  of  the 
funded  debt.  By  subsequent  solicitation 
this  was  increased  to  $18,000,  and,  on 
September  6,  1884,  the  final  payment  of 
the  funded  debt  was  made,  and  the  mort- 
gage on  the  church  property  released. 
The  period  of  the  building  of  the  new 
church  and  the  payment  of  the  building 
debt  was  one  of  great  activity  on  the  part 
of  the  trustees.  Those  who  served  as  trus- 
tees and  bore  the  grievous  burdens  of  the 
office  during  those  days  were: 

Elected  in  1868-L.  P.  Hamline,  W.  H.  Lunt, 
D.  P.  Kidder,  E.  Haskin,  L.  J.  Gage,  A.  J. 
Brown,  O.  Huse,  E.  Russell;  1869 — E.  A. 
Gage,  W.  T.  Woodson,  J.  S.  Kirk,  J.  L.  Bev- 
eridge,  O.  Marcy;  ISTO — E.  O.  Haven.  S.  A. 
Matteson;  1873— W.  B.  Phillips,  I.  R.  Hitt,  N. 
S.  Davis.  A.  B.  Jackson;  1876— W.  C.  Wilson, 
H.  V.  Smith.  M.  C.  Bragdon.  J.  D.  Easter; 
1878 — Chas.  Munson,  Wm.  Deering;  1882 — T. 
H.  Traver,  E.  S.  Taylor. 

Trustees  elected  since  1884  have  been:  1S86 
— O.  E.  Haven,  G.  M.  Sargent,  W.  H.  Jones, 
D.  Bonbright,  H.  R.  Wilson.  C.  B.  Congdon; 
1888— H.    H.    Gage;      1892— P.    R.    Shumway; 


1900— W.    H.    Whitehead;     1901— W.    G.    Hoag, 
I.  G.   Hatcher;     1903— E.   P.  Clapp. 

Rev.  Lewis  Curts  succeeded  Dr.  Pat- 
ten in  October,  1883.  One  j'ear  later. 
South  Evanston  was  put  on  a  circuit  sys- 
tem with  the  First  Church,  and  Dr. 
Ridgaway  and  Dr.  Terry  were  associat- 
ed with  him  in  the  pastorate.  In  October, 
1885,  Dr.  Ridgaway  was  appointed  acting 
pastor  and,  assisted  by  Dr.  Bennett,  served 
until  the  following  March,  when  Rev. 
S.  F.  Jones,  D.  D.,  was  appointed  pastor, 
being  succeeded  in  October,  1890,  by  Rev. 
W.  S.  Studley,  D.  D.  Dr.  Studley  died  at 
Evanston,  February  27,  1893.  During  his 
pastorate  the  conference  collections  reached 
the  highest  point  to  which  they  have  attained 
in  the  history  of  the  Church.  After  the 
death  of  Dr.  Studley  and  until  the  annual 
conference  in  October  following.  Dr. 
Chas.  J.  Little,  President  of  Garrett  Bib- 
lical Institute,  was  acting  pastor.  During 
that  summer  the  parsonage  was  recon- 
structed at  a  cost  of  about  $4,500,  and  fif- 
teen hundred  dollars  was  spent  in  refur- 
nishing. In  October,  1893,  Rev.  Frank 
M.  Bristol,  D.  D.,  was  appointed  pastor, 
and  remained  nearly  five  years  until  the 
spring  of  1898,  when  on  his  departure 
for  Washington,  D.  C,  Dr.  Little  again 
assumed  the  duties  of  acting  pastor.  Dur- 
ing that  summer  the  church  was  redecor- 
ated and  refurnished  and  the  parsonage 
partly  refurnished,  at  a  cost  of  $6,000. 
In  September,  1898,  Rev.  William  Alaca- 
fee,  D.  D.,  came  to  the  pastorate  and  re- 
mained five  years.  In  January,  1901,  the 
organ  built  by  the  Austin  Organ  Com- 
pany at  a  cost  of  $12,500,  was  completed 
and  in  October  of  that  year  the  Annual 
Conference  met  a  second  time  in  Evanston, 
the  first  time  being  in  Dr.  Jones'  pastorate. 
In  closing  his  pastorate  in  October,  1903, 
Dr.  Macafee  reported  to  the  Annual  Confer- 
ence benevolent  contributions  amounting  to 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


345 


over  $19,000.  which,  with  the  expenses  of 
the  church,  made  a  total  of  over  $31,000  for 
the  year.  In  October.  1903.  Rev.  Dr.  T.  P. 
Frost  was  appointed  pastor,  which  pastorate 
continues  at  this  writing  to  the  great  sat- 
isfaction of  his  people. 

The  following  is  a  complete  list  of  the 
Sunday  School  Superintendents  of  the 
First  Church  since  1855  : 


Elected 

Superintendent 

Assistant  Supt. 

1856 

.J.  L.  BeverldKe 

1859 

F.  H.  Benson 

T.  C.  Hoag 

1859 

P.  Judsnn 

G.  M.  Huntoon 

1860 

H.  S.  Noyes 

G.  M.  Huntoon 

1860 

B.  T.  Vincent 

G.  M.  Huntoon 

B.  T.  Vincent 

J.  L.  Beveridge 

1860 

F.  D.  Hemenway 

.1.  L.  Beverldge 

1861 

J.  L.  Beveridi^e 

H.  L.  Stewart 

1861 

W.  Taplin 

G.  M.  Huntoon 

W.  Tapliii 

W.  A.  Spencer 

W.  Taplin 

A.  C.  I.ynn 

1862 

E.  S.  Taylor 

Q.  E.  Strowbridge 

1863 

H.  B.  Kurd 

G.  E.  Strowbridge 

1864 

E.  S.  Taylor 

A.  L.  Sewell 

1865 

W.  A.  Spencer 

W.  E.  Clifford 

1866 

L.  .T.  Gage 

P.  B.  Shumway 

1866 

K.  S.  Taylor 

P.  B.  Shumway 

1867 

Edward  Eggleston 

L.  H.Bugbee 

Edward  Ej;gle.«toii 

L.  J.  Gage 

Edward  EsKleston 

W.  T,  Shepherd 

1870 

W.  T.  Shepherd 

L.  a.  Gage 

W.  T.  Shepherd 

W.  M.  Wyckoff 

W.  T.  Shepherd 

Mrs.  Gillespie 

1872 

J.  E.  Miller 

W.  T.  Shepherd 

J.  E.  Miller 

W.  M.  Wyckoff 

J.  E.  Miller 

J.  -J.  Crist 

1877 

H.  F.  Fisk 

Wm.  Deering 

H.  F.  Fisk 

F.  D  Raymond 

1881) 

r.  P.  Crandon 

F.  D.  Raymond 

F.  P.  Crandon 

T.  H.  Traver 

F.  P.  CrandoTi 

H.  H.  C.  Miller 

1892 

0.  B.  Congdon 

C.  B.  Atwell     ' 

1892 

C.  M.  Stuart 

G.  A.  Coe 

C.  M.  Stuart 

C.  B.  CongdoQ 

1S94 
1S96 

W.  H.  Dunham 
B.  D.  Caldwell 

1896 

R.  H.  Johnston 

1897 

W.  E.  O'Kane 

.J.  A.  Burhans 

1899 

L.  G.  Westgate 

C.  M.  Stuart 

1900 

T.  F.  Uolgate 

U.  S.  Giant 

1902 
1904 

W.  H.  Dunham 
A.  L.  Lindsey 

W.  H.  Dunham 

The  following  is  a  complete  list  of  per- 
sons who  have  served  the  First  Church  as 
Stewards — the  date  given  being  that  of 
first  election : 

18.54— A.  Danks,  J.  B.  Colvin,  J.  L.  Bever- 
idge:  lSo5 — H.  S.  Noyes;  1S56 — G.  W.  Rey- 
nolds, G.  ^I.  Huntoon;  1858 — J.  \V.  Ludlam. 
T.  C.  Hoag,  Geo.  F.  Foster,  Hiram  Clark 
(Northfield  circuit);  18.59 — W.  T.  Woodson,  G. 
H.     Bliss,     W.     P.     Jones,     Jr.;      1860  — John 


Evans,  William  Gamble,  E.  Haskin ;  1862 — 
J.  A.  Pearsons,  J.  F.  Willard,  A.  C.  Lang- 
worthy;  1S6S— H.  B.  Hurd,  A.  Vane,  O.  Mar- 
cy;  1867- A.  J.  Brown,  L.  J.  Gage,  W.  H. 
l.unt.  A.  J.  Hanchette.  A.  L.  bewell;  1868 — L. 
P.  Hamline;  ISTO- O.  Huse;  1871— E.  New- 
man; 1872— .\.  B.  Jackson,  1.  R,  Hitt.  S.  P. 
Lunt.  W.  M.  Wyckoff.  H.  A.  Pearsons;  1873- 
E.  A.  Clifford;  1S74— R.  Baird;  1875— Wm. 
Deering,  J.  E.  Miller;  1876— J.  J.  Parkhu'st, 
L.  C.  Pitner,  J.  H.  Raymond;  1877 — S.  Fa.-well, 
H.  S.  Carhart.  C.  E.  Wiswall ;  1878— F.  D. 
Raymond,  H.  H.  C.  Miller;  1880- D.  R. 
Dyche;  1881— O.  E.  Haven;  1883- F.  P.  Cran- 
don; 1884- W.  H.  Whitehead,  X.  W.  Har.is, 
L.  C.  Tallmadge.  E.  S.  Weeden ;  1885- R.  B. 
McMuUen;  1886— M.  H.  Bass.  F.  A.  Fletcher; 
18S7— G.  G.  Calkins;  1888— G.  .\.  Foster;  1890 
—J.  F.  Ward;  1892- .\.  L.  Butler.  I.  Bailey; 
1893— W.  A.  Dyche;  1894 — R.  R.  McCabe,  B. 
D.  Caldwell;  1895- T.  M.  Hubbard.  W.  M. 
Scott,  J.  R.  Fitch;  1896- J.  C.  Shaffer;  1899— 
B.  F.  Crawford;  1900- C.  N.  Stevens,  A.  F. 
Townsend;  1901— W.  J.  Morphy;  1903— R.  E. 
Barrett.  H.  B.  Prentice. 

Central  Street   M.  E.  Church.— At  the 

cjuarterly  conference  of  the  First  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  Church,  held  August  9, 
1870,  a  resolution  was  adopted  approving 
of  the  setting  off  of  North  Evanston  as  a 
separate  charge.  Pursuant  to  this  action 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  D.  W.  Warren  and  Mr. 
John  Culver  took  their  letters  of  member- 
ship from  the  First  Church,  and,  with 
Rev.  E.  G.  W.  Hall,  a  local  preacher,  set 
about  the  organization  of  the  second 
Methodist  Episcopal  society  in  Evanston. 
Others  joined  them,  and  the  society  was 
organized  on  the  sixth  day  of  September 
of  that  year.  The  first  official  members 
were :  John  Culver,  A.  C.  Fulton,  D.  W. 
Warren,  A.  F.  Kleise,  John  Picket  and 
Joseph  McCallum.  John  Culver  was 
Sunday  School  Superintendent  and  class- 
leader.  Soon  after  the  organization  steps 
were  taken  to  secure  a  site  for  the  erec- 
tion of  a  building  in  which  to  hold  service. 
Mr.  Culver  donated  a  lot  on  West  Rail- 
road Avenue  near  Lincoln  Street.  Rev. 
D.  P.  Kidder  encouraged  the  enterprise 
bv  a  very  liberal  contribution.  Further 
pledges  being  secured  of  sufficient 
amount    to    warrant    the    commencement 


346 


EVANSTON  CHURCH  HISTORY 


of  building  operations,  the  rear  part  of 
the  church  building  was  finished  and  oc- 
cupied for  some  months.  The  completed 
edifice  was  dedicated  August  ii,  1872, 
the  property  being  then  valued  at  $2,500. 
The  society  worshiped  in  this  building 
until  1891,  when  the  property  was  sold 
for  $1,100,  and  the  lot  at  the  corner  of 
Central  Street  and  Prairie  Avenue  was 
purchased  for  $1,600.  Upon  this  lot  a 
new  building  was  erected  at  a  cost  of 
nearly  $5,000,  and  dedicated  December 
13,  1891.  The  improvements  added  since 
have  increased  the  value  of  the  property 
to  about  $8,000. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  pastors  of 
this  church : 

E.  G.  W.  Hall   Sept.,  1870 

Wm.  Craven    Mar.,  1871 

Samuel  Paine   Sept.,  1873 

J.  J.  Tobias  Oct.,  1875 

Wm.   Daws 

T.  Van  Scoy  Oct..  1876 

R.  J.  Hobbs  ■{ to 

C.  E.  Lambert  |  Nov.,  1879 

V.  F.  Brown  [ 

A.  H.  Kistler   Nov.,  1879 

W.  F.  Stewart Oct.,  1880 

C.  H.  Zimmerman   Oct.,  1882 

J.  H.  Ailing   Oct.,  1883 

J.  E.  Farmer   Sept.,  1884 

E.  H.  Brumbaugh   Oct.,  1886 

C.  S.  Dudley   April,  1889 

H.  W.  Waltz  Mar.,  1892 

A.   S.   Haskins    June,  1893 

G.  P.  Sturges   Oct.,  1898 

R.  H.  Pate Oct.,  1900 

E.  G.  Schultz   Oct.,  1902 

Norwegian-Danish     M.    E.    Church. — 

Organized  Christian  work  among  the 
Scandinavians  in  Evanston  began  in  the 
year  1870,  when  Karl  Schou,  a  native  of 
Denmark  and  a  student  in  the  University, 
gathered  around  him  a  group  of  friends 


for  Bible  study,  meeting  on  Sunday  after- 
noons in  the  Benson  Avenue  school 
house.  From  the  membership  of  this 
Bible  class  a  Methodist  class  was  organ- 
ized, which  formed  the  nucleus  of  a 
church.  The  number  of  class  members 
increased,  and  preachers  from  Chicago 
visited  them.  At  the  Annual  Conference 
held  in  Milwaukee,  October  9,  1871, 
Bishop  Simpson  appointed  Brother  Schou 
pastor  of  this  church.  He  was  also  the 
first  appointed  teacher  of  a  class  of  young 
men  preparing  for  the  ministry,  and  lead- 
er of  one  of  the  two  classes  into  which 
the  church  was  divided,  Oliver  Hansen 
being  leader  of  the  other.  The  member- 
ship of  the  church  at  this  time  numbered 
thirty-three. 

In  the  year  1872  the  frame  building  va- 
cated by  the  First  j\I.  E.  Church  was  pur- 
chased and  moved  to  the  lot  on  the  south 
side  of  Church  Street  between  Orrington 
and  Sherman  Avenues,  the  lot  being 
leased  from  the  University.  The  build- 
ing was  repaired,  and  a  parsonage  added; 
the  whole  at  a  cost  of  $7,800,  part  of 
which  remained  as  a  debt.  In  February, 
1873,  Brother  Schou  left  Evanston  to  take 
up  the  work  assigned  to  him  as  Superin- 
tendent of  the  Mission  in  Denmark.  Rev. 
C.  W^illerup,  the  former  Superintendent 
of  the  Mission  in  Denmark,  succeeded 
Brother  Schou  as  pastor  of  this  church 
until  the  next  conference,  when  B.  Johan- 
nessen  was  appointed  pastor.  In  Octo- 
ber, 1874,  the  Swedish  members  of  the 
society,  desiring  services  in  their  own  lan- 
guage, withdrew  and  organized  a  society 
of  their  own. 

In  October,  1876,  M.  Nilsen  was  ap- 
pointed to  supply  this  church ;  but  his 
work  was  of  brief  duration.  Before  the 
close  of  the  conference  year  he  withdrew 
from  the  work,  and  sometime  aTterward 
connected    himself    with    the    Lutheran 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


347 


church,  with  whose  doctrines  he  was 
more  in  accord.  Otto  Sanaker,  a  student, 
acted  as  pastor  during  the  remainder  of 
the  conference  year.  At  the  next  con- 
ference C.  F.  Ehzholtz  was  appointed  to 
the  Second  church  in  Chicago  and  Evan- 
ston.  In  1878,  Chr.  Treider  was  appoint- 
ed editor  of  Den  Cbristelige  Talsmand 
and  pastor  of  the  church  in  Evanston.  At 
this  time  the  membership  of  the  church 
numbered  thirty-nine  in  full  connection 
and  three  on  probation. 

In  October,  1879,  Mr.  Willerup  was  ap- 
pointed pastor  and  remained  one  year. 
From  October,  1880,  until  September, 
1884,  A.  Haagensen  was  pastor  of  the 
church,  and  also  at  the  same  time  editor 
of  the  church  paper  before  named.  B. 
Smith  was  pastor  in  1884  and  1885. 

In  November,  1885.  \.  E.  Simonsen, 
being  transferred  from  the  Norway  Con- 
ference, took  up  the  work  as  pastor  in 
connection  with  his  work  as  P»»6ident  of 
the  Norwegian-Danish  Theological  Sem- 
inary; but  the  Annual  Conference,  rec- 
ognizing that  his  work  as  teacher  de- 
manded his  entire  attention,  appointed 
M.  Rye,  a  student,  as  pastor  in  1886.  Bro. 
Rye  did  faithful  work  for  about  a  year 
and  a  half,  when  failing  health  compelled 
him  to  retire.     He  died  in  Utah  in  1888. 

E.  M.  Stangland,  a  student  in  Garrett 
Biblical  Institute,  took  up  the  work  dur- 
ing the  conference  year  1888-1889.  His 
report  to  the  annual  conference  showed 
fifty-seven  persons  in  full  connection  and 
four  on  probation.  G.  Anderson  received 
his  appointment  as  pastor  in  September, 
1889;  the  following  February  he  was 
transferred  to  San  Francisco,  Cal.  Chr. 
Arndt,  a  student  in  the  Norwegian-Dan- 
ish Theological  School,  then  became  pas- 
tor for  sixteen  months,  when  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  H.  P.  Berg,  assistant  teacher 
in  the  theological  school,  who  served  two 


years.  During  Bro.  Berg's  pastorate  the 
church  lot  on  Clark  Street  was  bought. 
A.  Anderson,  a  student  in  the  Norwegian- 
Danish  Theological  School,  followed  Bro. 
Berg,  and  was  pastor  two  years. 

In  1895  Paul  Haugan  was  appointed 
pastor.  At  this  time  the  membership 
numbered  eighty-eight  in  full  connection 
and  eleven  on  probation.  Of  seventeen 
pastors  up  to  this  time  four  were  teach- 
ers in  the  theological  school,  two  were 
editors  of  Den  Christcligc  Talsmand, 
and  six  were  students  in  the  educational 
institutions  in  Evanston.  Such  combina- 
tions of  duties  were  necessary  in  view  of 
the  fact  that  there  are  not  many  Norwe- 
gians and  Danes  in  Evanston,  and  the 
congregation  has  never  been  large.  Dur- 
ing Bro.  Haugan's  pastorate  the  present 
church  building  on  Clark  Street  was 
erected.  He  both  made  the  plans  for  the 
building    and    superintended    the    erection. 

In  1897  Gustav  Mathesen  became  pas- 
tor and  served  until  1901,  when  he  was 
succeeded  by  Charles  J.  Johnson,  the 
present  pastor. 

Swedish  M.  E.  Church. — The  society 
organized  in  the  year  1872,  of  which  Karl 
Schou,  a  Dane,  was  appointed  the  first 
pastor — now  the  Norwegian-Danish  M. 
E.  Church — was  styled  the  Scandinavian 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  Evanston. 
Although  the  Swedes  were  in  the  majori- 
ty, the  new  society  was  soon  connected 
with  the  Norwegian-Danish  work;  and 
the  request  of  the  Swedish  members  to 
have  occasional  meetings  conducted  in 
their  language  being  denied  them,  they 
withdrew  and  formed  a  separate  society. 
Meetings  were  first  held  in  Ladd's  Hall, 
where  quite  a  revival  followed.  Later  the 
society  worshiped  in  Union  Hall,  where, 
on  October  17,  1874,  the  church  was  for- 
mally organized,  J.  B.  Anderson  act- 
ing as  chairman  and   Charles  J.  Wigren 


348 


EVANSTON  CHURCH  HISTORY 


as  secretary  of  the  meeting.  The  five 
Trustees  elected  were :  Charles  J.  \\  ig- 
ren,  L.  O.  Lawson,  A.  B.  Johnson,  John 
A.  Oberg,  and  Otto  Johnson.  The  first 
quarterly  conference  was  held  the  same 
evening,  presided  over  by  Rev.  A.  J.  An- 
derson, of  Chicago,  and  J.  B.  Anderson, 
a  theological  student,  was  appointed  the 
first  pastor.  The  following  year  O.  J. 
Stead,  also  a  theological  student,  was  ap- 
pointed pastor.  During  his  time  the 
church  building  on  the  corner  of  Grove 
Street  and  Sherman  Avenue  was  erected, 
and  dedicated  on  the  nth  of  June.  1876. 
The  cost  of  the  building  was  $5,000. 
Later  a  parsonage  was  built  and  the  en- 
tire property  of  the  church  freed  from 
debt. 

The  following  is  the  complete  list  of 
pastors:  J.  B.  Anderson,  1874-75:  O.  J. 
Stead,  1875-76;  Wm.  Henchen,  1876-77: 
Fr.  Ahgren,  1877-78;  James  T.  W'igren, 
1878-79;  S.  B.  Xewman,  1879-82;  John 
Lundgren,  1882-83;  Albert  Ericson,  1883- 
86;  N.  O.  Westergreen,  1886-90;  Alfred 
Anderson,  1890-91 ;  Richard  Cederberg, 
1891-94;  O.  F.  Lindstrum,  1894;  Jas.  T. 
Wigren,  September,  1899;  John  W.  Swen- 
son,  September,  1903. 

The  present  trustees  are :  Frida  Han- 
son, Hanna  Barck,  Carl  Anderson,  Leon- 
ard Gustafson,  J.  A.  Holmgren,  Tina 
Carlson  and  Mary  Nelson.  J.  A.  Holm- 
gren is  Superintendent  of  the  Sunday 
school  and  Ernest  Johnson  is  President 
of  the   Epworth   League. 

Hemenway  M.  E.  Church. — The  Meth- 
odist church  in  South  Evanston  had  its 
inception  in  the  spring  of  1872.  Lots  for 
a  site  of  a  church  building  were  secured 
at  the  northwest  corner  of  Lincoln  Ave- 
nue (now  Main  Street)  and  Benson  Ave- 
nue. Regular  services  were  held  several 
months  in  a  small  school  house  on  Ridge 
Avenue  just  south  of  Lincoln.     The  per- 


manent organization  of  the  church  was 
effected  Thursday  evening,  July  17,  1873, 
and  ground  was  broken  for  the  first 
church  building  Tuesday,  July  22nd.  The 
corner-stone  was  laid  Monday,  August 
nth,  the  religious  ceremonies  having 
taken  place  the  previous  Sunday.  The 
church  was  dedicated  Sunday,  November 
9,  1873,  only  the  basement  being  finished. 
About  ten  years  later,  on  Wednesday, 
May  9,  1883,  this  building  was  complete- 
ly demolished  by  a  cyclone.  The  society 
rallied  at  once,  began  rebuilding,  wor- 
shiping in  the  meantime  in  Ducat's  hall. 
The  second  church  edifice  was  dedicated 
Sunday,  November  11,  1883.  This  struc- 
ture was  destroyed  by  fire  early  on  the 
morning  of  Saturday,  January  2;^.  1886. 
Worship  was  resumed  in  Ducat's  hall.  A 
new  location  on  the  east  side  of  Chicago 
Avenue  a  little  north  of  Lincoln  (now 
Main  Street)  was  decided  upon,  March 
20.  1886.  .  A  lot  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet 
front,  and  containing  a  house  suitable  for 
a  parsonage,  was  purchased.  Ground  was 
broken  for  the  new  church  edifice  Satur- 
day, August  28,  1886.  The  corner-stone 
was  laid  October  9th,  the  formal  cere- 
monies occurring  Sunday,  October  loth. 
About  this  time  it  was  decided  to  call  the 
church  "Hemenway  AL  E.  Church,"  in 
honor  or  Rev.  Francis  Dana  Hemenway, 
D.  D.,  Professor  in  Garrett  Biblical  Insti- 
tute, and  a  former  pastor  of  the  church. 
The  new  church  edifice,  a  substantial 
building  of  red  pressed  brick  with  white 
stone  foundations  and  trimmings,  was 
dedicated  Sunday,  December  25,  1887, 
Rev.  T.  P.  Marsh  being  the  pastor.  The 
program  of  dedication  week,  beginning 
on  the  previous  Sunday,  is  interesting  as 
showing  the  names  of  the  men  active  in 
the  Methodist  churches  about  Chicago 
and  Evanston  at  that  time.  On  the  first 
Sundav  there  was  preaching  in  the  morn- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


349 


ing  by  Rev.  R.  M.  Hatfield,  D.  D.,  and  in 
the  afternoon  by  Rev.  Frank  M.  Bristol, 
with  a  platform  meeting  in  the  evening 
presided  over  by  Charles  B.  Congdon, 
Esq.,  and  addressed  by  Judge  O.  H.  Hor- 
ton,  J.  B.  Hobbs,  I*".  P.  Crandon,  and  H. 
S.  Towle.  There  was  preaching  on  sub- 
sequent evenings  of  the  week  by  C.  E. 
Mandeville,  H.  W.  Bolton,  H.  G.  Jack- 
son, and  S.  F.  Jones,  with  another  plat- 
form meeting  on  Friday  evening  presided 
over  by  Rev.  L.  Curts  and  addressed  by 
Rev.  William  Smith,  pastor  of  the  Pres- 
byterian church,  Rev.  D.  S.  Smith,  rector 
of  the  Episcopal  church  and  former  pas- 
tors Burns  and  Zimmerman.  On  Sunday, 
"the  great  day  of  the  feast,"  Doctor  Ridg- 
away  preached  in  the  morning.  Rev.  B.  I. 
Ives  in  the  afternoon  and   Miss   Frances 

E.  Willard  delivered  an  address  in  the 
evening.  Others  taking  part  in  the  exer- 
cises of  the  week  were  Drs.  Stowe,  Bor- 
ing, Edwards,  Jutkins  and  Rev.  C.  M. 
Stuart.  At  the  time  of  dedication  the 
Trustees  were:  Thomas  Purnell,  Presi- 
dent: John  W.  Byam,  Wesley  L.  Knox, 
W.  H.  Blake,  M.  D.  Ewell,  W.  G.  Miller, 
Edwin  Benjamin.  The  stewards  were 
Thomas  Purnell,  E.  Benjamin,  J.  E. 
Hathaway,  James  H.  Thomas,  Thomas 
Blackler,  J.  Milhenning,  F.  W.  Brown, 
James  Wigginton.  Charles  O.  Boring 
was   Sunday  School  Superintendent. 

The   following  is   the  complete   list   of 
pastors  who  have  served  this  church : 

A.   G.   Button Jan.  Sept.  187.3 

W.    H.    Burns Sept.  187.3—  Oct.  1874 

W.   X.   Ninde    (supply) Oct.   1874— Oct.  1876 

J.  C.  R.  Lay  ton  (supply) Oct.  1876— Apr.  1S77 

C.   H.   Zimmerman   (supply) June  Sept.  1877 

F.  D.  Hemenway  (supply ) Oct.  1878 —  Oct.  1881 

S.    H.   .^dams Oct.   1881—  Oct.  1882 

I.   Linebarger Oct.  1882—  Oct.  1884 

H.   B.   Ridgaway  1 

L.   Curts  [   (supply) Oct.  1884— Oct.  1885 

M.  S.  Terry  ) 

T.  P.  Marsh Oct.  1885—  Oct.  1888 

W.    H.    Holmes Oct.  1888—  Oct.  1803 

W.     E.     Wilkinson Oct.  1833-  Oct.  1807 

O.   F.   Mattison Oct.  1807— Oct.  1903 

R.    B.    Kester Oct.  1903 — 


Wheadon  M.  E.  Church. — In  February, 
1887,  Rev.  Edward  D.  Wheadon  formed  a 
class  which,  for  a  time,  met  in  the  homes 
of  the  members  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Wesley  Avenue,  and  north  of  Emerson 
Street.  Later  a  tent  was  pitched  on  Fos- 
ter Street,  and  preaching  services  held  in 
it.  In  1888  a  hall  was  secured  on  (West) 
Foster  Street;  a  church  was  organized 
by  Rev.  Dr.  Luke  Hitchcock,  Presiding 
Elder  of  the  Chicago  District,  and  "Fa- 
ther" Wheadon  was  appointed  the  first 
pastor.  The  first  Trustees  were :  E.  D. 
Wheadon,  Adam  Tait,  John  Owens  and 
John  Culver.  In  1889,  Rev.  E.  G.  Lewis 
was  appointed  pastor;  and  a  lot  120  feet 
by  192  feet  was"  secured  on  the  corner 
of  Ridge  Avenue  and  Leon  Street.  It 
is  recorded  that  the  enterprise  was  kindly 
encouraged  by  Rev.  S.  F.  Jones,  pastor 
of  the  First  Church,  and  by  \\'illiam 
Deering,  Frank  P.  Crandon,  John  B.  Kirk, 
and  James  H.  Raymond.  Under  the  pas- 
torate of  Rev.  F.  G.  Boylan.  a  chapel  was 
built  on  the  property  costing  $1,750, 
which  was  dedicated  in  February,  1890, 
Rev.  H.  D.  Kimball,  Dr.  Hitchcock,  Dr. 
Jones  and  Dr.  Ridgaway  taking  part  in 
the  dedication.  The  chapel  was  built  on 
the  rear  part  of  the  lot  facing  north  on 
Leon  Street.  In  1903  it  was  turned 
around  to  face  Ridge  Avenue,  and  much 
improved  at  a  cost  of  about  $3,500.  L'p 
to  1902  over  500  persons  had  united  with 
the  church  by  letter  or  on  probation,  the 
average  resident  membership  being  100, 
the  average  congregation  about  130,  and 
the  average  membership  of  the  Sunday 
school  about  150. 

The  following  is  a  complete  list  of  pas- 
tors, with  dates  of  entrance  upon  their 
pastorates:  E.  D.  Wheadon,  April,  1888; 
E.  G.  Lewis,  May,  1889;  F.  G.  Boylan, 
October.  1889;  J.  B.  Lucas,  October, 
1890;    R.    H.    Wilkinson,    October    1891  ; 


35° 


EVANSTON  CHURCH  HISTORY 


John  Lee.  October,  1894;  R.  H.  Wilkin- 
son, October,  1896;  J.  R.  Smith,  October, 
1898;  W.  T.  Euster,  October  1900:  W.  C. 
Reuter,  July  1901 ;  M.  L.  Norris,  October, 
1903. 

The  present  officials  of  the  church  are : 
Trustees — William  Campbell,  R.  H.  Bald- 
win, J.  W.  Travis,  F.  Flood,  A.  B.  Cros- 
by, C.  J.  Tisdel,  W.  A.  Dyche;  Stewards 
— Charles  Beck,  A.  C.  Pearson,  Charles 
Rose,  George  Fellingham,  G.  F.  Stark- 
weather, Joseph  Justice,  J.  P.  Sloan,  Miss 
Cora  Marsh,  Mrs.  F.  M.  Crosby,  Mrs.  H. 
L.  Lincoln ;  Sunday  School  Superintend- 
ent-— G.  F.  Starkweather;  President  Ep- 
worth  League — Stanley  Ward  ;  President 
Junior  Epworth  League — Miss  Myrtle 
English. 

Emmanuel  M.  E.  Church. — ]^Iarch  10, 
1889,  a  Sabbath  School  was  organized  in 
the  High  School  building,  west  of  the  rail- 
road track.  Charles  O.  Boring  was  Sup- 
erintendent, S.  A.  Kean,  Assistant  Super- 
intendent, and  Charles  G.  Haskins  was 
secretary  and  treasurer.  This  school  was 
under  the  control  of  the  First  Church. 
At  the  quarterly  conference  of  the  First 
M.  E.  Church,  held  November  25,  1889, 
Rev.  Dr.  S.  F.  Jones  being  pastor,  the 
following  resolution  was  ofifered  by  C.  O. 
Boring  and  unanimously  adopted: 

"Whereas,  it  is  the  sense  of  this  quarter- 
ly conference  that  the  time  has  come  to 
arrange  for  the  purchase  of  a  lot,  looking 
toward  the  ultimate  erection  of  a  church 
on  the  west  side  of  Evanston ;  and, 

"Whereas,  a  committee  was  recently  ap- 
pointed, at  a  meeting  of  gentlemen  living 
on  the  west  side,  for  the  purpose : 

"Be  It  Resolved,  that  this  quarterly  con- 
ference appoint  a  committee  to  cooperate 
with  said  committee  in  the  selection  of  a 
lot  south  of  Davis  Street,  and  that  the 
lot   so  selected   may  then   be   purchased 


with  the  full  consent  of  this  quarterly 
conference." 

The  chairman.  Dr.  Jones,  appointed  as 
such  committee,  C.  O.  Boring,  William 
Deering,  D.  R.  Dyche,  C.  B.  Congdon 
and  R.  B.  McMullen. 

At  the  quarterly  conference,  held  Sep- 
tember 22,  1890,  the  committee  reported 
that  a  lot  had  been  purchased  at  the  cor- 
ner of  Greenwood  Boulevard  and  Oak 
Avenue,  and  the  report  was  accepted.  A 
communication  was  received  from  the 
Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of 
Emmanuel  M.  E.  Church,  stating  the 
facts  of  the  organization  of  that  church, 
as  follows :  On  the  evening  of  June  9, 
1890,  a  meeting  was  held  at  the  residence 
of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Charles  G.  Haskin,  203 
^laple  Avenue.  There  were  present: 
Hon.  Harvey  B.  Hurd,  Dr.  S.  F.  Jones 
(pastor  of  the  First  Church),  Mr.  Wil- 
liam H.  Jones,  Mr.  Charles  O.  Boring, 
Mr.  David  B.  Dewey,  Mr.  David  R. 
Dyche,  Mr.  Frank  P.  Crandon,  Mr.  Hen- 
ry H.  Gage  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Charles  G. 
Haskin. 

Dr.  Jones,  the  pastor,  stated  that 
he  had  nominated,  and  Presiding  Elder 
Truesdell  had  approved,  the  following 
gentlemen  for  Trustees  of  the  new 
church:     H.  B.  Hurd,  W^  H.  Jones,  D. 

B.  Dewey,  J.  B.  Kirk,  J.  J.  Shutterly,  H. 
H.  Gage,  F.  P.  Crandon,  D.  R.  Dyche  and 

C.  G.  Haskin. 

The  meeting  was  organized  by  the  elec- 
tion of  H.  B.  Hurd,  Chairman,  and  C.  G. 
Haskin,  Secretary ;  the  name  of  the 
church  was  declared  to  be  Emmanuel 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Evans- 
ton  the  persons  above  named  were  elect- 
ed the  first  Board  of  Trustees ;  and  the 
secretary  was  directed  to  file  a  certificate 
of  organization  in  the  Recorder's  office  of 
Cook  County.     At  a  regular  meeting  of 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


351 


the  trustees,  held  June  13th,  the  following 
officers  were  elected  :  H.  B.  Hurd,  Presi- 
dent:  C.  G.  Haskin,  Secretary,  and  D.  B. 
Dewey,  Treasurer.  The  secretary's  com- 
munication further  stated  that  the  site 
selected  for  the  erection  of  the  church 
buildingf,  at  the  northeast  corner  of  Green- 
wood Boulevard  and  Oak  Avenue,  has  a 
frontage  of  seventy  feet  on  Greenwood 
Boulevard  and  214  feet  on  Oak  Avenue ; 
that  it  was  bought  in  two  parcels,  the 
total  purchase  price  being  $11,500,  all  of 
which  had  been  paid,  and  the  title  placed 
in  Emmanuel  M.  E.  Church ;  that  it  was 
proposed  to  erect  a  church  edifice  to  cost, 
when  finished  and  furnished,  about  S35,- 
000,  which,  with  the  cost  of  the  lot  —  less 
the  sale  of  old  buildings  to  be  credited — 
would  make  an  investment  of  about  $45,- 
000;  the  seating  capacity  of  this  church  to 
be  about  600,  with  a  Sunday  school  room 
ample  for  all  needs  for  several  years  to 
come. 

The  first  Stewards  of  Emmanuel  Cliurch 
were:  H.  B.  Hurd,  W.  H.  Jones,  R.  B. 
McMullen,  S.  A.  Kean,  J.  J.  Shutterly, 
C.  O.  Boring,  George  S.  Baker.  John  Free- 
man and  George  A.  Bass.  C.  O.  Boring 
was  the  first  Sunday  School  Superinten- 
dent. Of  the  first  Board  of  Trustees 
Messrs.  Gage,  Crandon,  and  Dyche  were 
members  of  the  First  'SI.  E.  Church. 

In  October,  1890,  Rev.  Sylvester  F. 
Jones  was  appointed  the  first  pastor  of 
Emmanuel  Church.  During  the  construc- 
tion of  the  church  edifice  the  society  wor- 
shiped in  the  building  on  (West)  Davis 
Street,  formerly  occupied  by  St.  ^Mark's 
Episcopal  Church. 

The  church  building  was  finished  and 
dedicated  in  August,  1892.  The  total  cost 
of  the  property  was  $80,000.  Doctor 
Jones  served  as  pastor  three  years  and 
was  succeeded,  October,  1893,  '^Y  Rev.  C. 
A.   \'an   Anda,  who   remained   one   year. 


From  October,  1894,  to  October,  1895,  the 
pulpit  was  supplied  b}^  Rev.  S.  J.  Herben 
and  Rev.  M.  S.  Terry,  D.  D.  October, 
1895,  Rev.  N.  M.  Waters  was  appointed 
pastor  and  remained  four  years.  Rev.  W. 
O.  Shepherd  was  pastor  from  October, 
1899,  to  October,  1901 ;  Rev.  W.  E.  Mc- 
Lennan, from  October,  1901,  to  October, 
1903,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  F.  S. 
Rockwell,  the  present  pastor. 

The  present  officers  of  the  church 
(1905)  are: 

Trustees. — H.  B.  Hurd  (now  deceased)  ; 
W.  H.  Jones,  \V.  O.  Dean,  Dr.  W.  R. 
Parkes,  M.  L.  Record.  L.  M.  Sawyer.  C.  S. 
Graves,  S.  J.  Llewellyn.  J.  L.  Whitlock ; 
Stewards— J.  M.  Barnes,  C.  O.  Boring,  W. 
L.  Boettcher,  G.  J.  Dart,  G.  W^  Eddy,  G. 
N.  Friend,  J.  P.  Grier.  J.  C.  Turner,  S.  R. 
Winchell,  J.  L.  Whitlock,  E.  R.  Prickett, 
J.  S.  Crosby;  Sunday  School  Superinten- 
dent— W.  A.  Burch ;  President  Epworth 
League — H.  H.  Young. 


FIRST  BAPTIST  CHURCH 

(By  RKV.  B.  A.  GREENE.  D.  D.) 

Those  interested  in  forming  a  Baptist 
church  in  Evanston  met  in  the  chapel  of 
the  Northwestern  L'niversity  April  24, 
1858.  Mr.  E.  H.  Mulford  was  elected 
moderator  and  Moses  Danby  clerk.  "Ar- 
ticles of  Faith  and  Practice"  were  adopted, 
and  it  w^as  voted  to  call  the  church  "The 
Evanston  Baptist  Church."  The  six  con- 
stituent members  were :  E.  H.  Mulford, 
Rebecca  Mulford,  Francis  M.  Iglehart, 
Judith  W.  Burroughs,  Rebecca  Wester- 
field  and  Moses  Danby. 

For  two  years  previous  to  this  time 
Mrs.  Francis  Iglehart  had  been  the  leader 
in  Sunday  school  work  in  the  vicinity  of 
Oakton.  Her  leadership,  at  this  earlv 
stage,  and   her  hearty,  generous,  contin- 


352 


EVANSTON  CHURCH  HISTORY 


ued  helpfulness  afterward,  made  her  the 
mother  of  the  Baptist  interest  in  the  city. 
A  marble  tablet  may  be  seen  in  the  pres- 
ent church  edifice  commemorating  hei 
conspicuous  fidelity. 

A  council  for  the  recognition  of  the 
church  was  held  April  29th  in  the  Metho- 
dist church.  Five  churches  in  Chicago 
and  the  church  in  \\'aukegan  were  repre- 
sented by  delegates.  Dr.  W.  G.  Howard, 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  Church,  Chi- 
cago, was  elected  moderator.  E.  H.  Mul- 
ford  stated  that  a  lot  worth  $600,  on  the 
northeast  corner  of  Hinman  Avenue  and 
Church  Street,  had  been  given  to  them 
by  the  Northwestern  University,  and  the 
Trustees  had  further  given  the  use  of 
their  chapel  until  a  new  house  of  worship 
should  be  built.  This  surely  was  very 
generous  help  from  Methodist  friends. 
Those  who  participated  in  the  recogni- 
tion were :  Rev.  Dr.  Foster,  President  of 
Northwestern  University,  who  read  the 
scripture ;  Prof.  Goodman  offered  the 
prayer;  Dr.  Howard  preached  the  ser- 
mon ;  Rev.  A.  J.  Joslyn,  of  Union  Park 
Church,  gave  the  charge  to  the  church; 
Rev.  A.  Kenyon.  of  the  Berean  Church, 
offered  the  closing  prayer  and  pronounced 
the  benediction. 

At  a  business  meeting,  on  May  6,  1858, 
the  following  were  elected  Trustees  of 
the  church :  N.  P.  Iglehart,  President ; 
E.  H.  Mulford,  James  Sudlam,  Moses 
Danby  and  Mr.  Trumbull.  A  month  later, 
at  a  church  meeting,  the  following  were 
received  for  baptism,  and  the  next  day, 
June  6th,  were  baptized  in  the  lake :  Isaac 
Burroughs,  Betsy  Burroughs,  Almina 
Burroughs  and  Hannah  Newell.  This 
month,  also,  the  church  was  admitted  to 
the  Fo-x  River  Baptist  Association,  held 
at  Plainfield,  having  sent  as  delegates  F. 
M.  Iglehart  and  E.  H.  Mulford. 

The  church,  although  small,  seemed  to 


be  well  started  and  entering  upon  a  career 
of  organic  and  spiritual  life.  But  it  was 
very  soon  found  that  they  must  pass 
through  a  stage  of  struggle  and  disap- 
pointment. The  preaching  service  was 
irregular.  Supplies  for  the  pulpit  came 
sometimes  from  neighboring  churches 
and  sometimes  from  the  University.  The 
next  year,  1859,  when  four  of  their  most 
active  members  were  temporarily  absent, 
the  church  became  discouraged,  and  voted 
in  Jul)'  "to  suspend  further  efforts  toward 
erecting  a  building  for  the  church,  and 
also  to  give  up  public  worship  for  the 
present."  However,  social  gatherings  and 
prayer  meetings  continued  to  be  held,  and 
so  they  were  kept  together  in  sorrowing 
hope  until  the  next  spring.  They  had 
given  up  the  use  of  the  chapel,  and  the 
Congregational  people  occupied  it.  In 
the  meantime  Mr.  Iglehart  had  erected  a 
building,  twenty  by  thirty  feet,  on  their 
home  lot  at  Oakton,  near  what  is  now 
Ridge  Avenue  and  Oakton  Street.  This 
building  was  put  up  for  a  billiard  room,  but 
was  christened  instead  as  "Oakton 
Chapel."  and  here  public  services  were 
resumed. 

Rev.  Ira  E.  Kenney  began  his  pastorate 
March  11,  i860.  In  August  of  that  year, 
as  the  Congregationalists  had  given  up 
their  service  in  the  University  chapel,  it 
was  voted  to  hold  a  four  o'clock  service 
there  and  have  an  evening  prayer  meeting 
at  Oakton.  In  their  letter  to  the  Fox 
River  Association,  this  year,  the)'  report 
fourteen  members,  $460  raised  for  ex- 
penses and  benevolence,  a  sewing  society 
and  sociable  every  other  Friday  after- 
noon and  evening,  a  sewing  society 
for  little  misses  every  Saturday  afternoon, 
and  that  scholars  in  the  Bible  school  learn 
ten  verses  each,  every  Sabbath.  In  1861 
they  left  Oakton  Chapel  and  worshipped 
in    the    schoolhouse    near    bv :    and,    for    a 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


353 


while,  they  had  preaching  only  once  a 
month.  Mr.  Kenney  closed  his  pastorate 
March  9,  1862,  having  accepted  a  call  from 
Niles,  Mich. 

Rev.  J.  S.  Mahan  was  then  called  to  the 
pastorate  from  Waukegan,  "May  4,  1862. 
The  compensation  was  not  flattering — 
"$2.50  to  $3.00  every  two  weeks."  He 
preached  his  farewell  sermon  October 
19th  of  that  year.  Preaching  service  was 
again  suspended.  Prayer  meetings  were 
kept  up  for  a  while,  but  the  records  say  that. 
as  Mrs.  Iglehart  and  family  removed  tem- 
porarily to  Chicago  in  the  winter  of  1863- 
64,  all  preaching  and  prayer-meetings 
were  suspended  until  the  family  should 
return.  The  Civil  War  had  its  depressing 
effect,  not  only  on  business  life,  but  upon 
social  and  religious  life  as  well. 

The  next  spring  there  was  a  concerted 
movement  on  the  part  of  the  members 
and  of  friends  in  the  city  to  get  the  church 
into  such  condition  as  to  receive  those 
who  had  moved  out  from  Chicago. 
Thomas  Goodman,  of  the  Union  Park 
Church,  and  afterward  editor  of  The 
Standard,  the  Baptist  denominational 
paper  of  the  Northwest,  was  a  leader  in 
the  advisory  work.  A  meeting  was  held 
in  June.  Minor  matters  in  the  "Articles 
of  Faith"  were  corrected.  A  proper  record 
was  made  of  the  former  election  of  E.  H. 
Mulford  as  deacon.  Then,  ten  persons 
were  received  into  membership.  S.  E. 
Jackson,  who  had  served  as  clerk  since 
i860,  resigned,  and  A.  \V.  Ford  took  his 
place.  The  latter  soon  moved  to  Free- 
port  and,  October  20th,  J.  N.  W'hidden 
became  clerk.  Thomas  Goodman  and  J. 
N.  W'hidden  were  elected  deacons.  "The 
Evanston  Baptist  Society"  was  consti- 
tuted, and  the  following  trustees  elected : 
B.  F.  Johnson,  Richard  Somers,  James 
Maclay,  Riley  M.  Graves.  John  Clough 
and  I.   P.   Iglehart.     Their  report  to  the 


Association,  in  June,  1865,  begins  with 
this  sentence :  "Our  long  night  of  anxiety 
has  passed,  and  the  full  light  of  a  new 
and,  we  trust,  a  better  day  has  dawned." 
They  received  twenty-six  by  letter  and 
had  dedicated  their  new  house  of  worship, 
costing  $6,500,  free  of  debt.  Many  friends 
from  Chicago  came  February  16,  1865, 
and  Dr.  Everts,  pastor  of  the  First  Bap- 
tist Church,  of  that  city,  preached  the 
sermon.  The  next  Sunday,  February  19th, 
after  Dr.  Tiffany  preached  in  the  after- 
noon, the  entire  indebtedness  was  pro- 
vided for.  Rev.  N.  Sheppard  was  en- 
gaged to  preach  once  on  the  Sabbath  until 
further  arrangement  could  be  made,  and 
his  pay  was  to  be  $10  per  Sabbath. 

June  28,  1865,  \^'illiam  J.  Leonard  was 
called  to  be  pastor,  at  a  salary  of  $1,000. 
He  was  young  and  umnarried.  He  was 
ordained  in  the  church  September  7th. 
Dr.  E.  J.  Goodspeed  preached  the  sermon. 
Dr.  J.  C.  Burroughs  offered  the  ordaining 
prayer.  Dr.  Raymond,  of  the  Methodist 
Church,  gave  the  charge  to  the  candidate, 
and  Rev.  N.  Sheppard  the  charge  to  the 
church.  Previous  to  the  coming  of  the 
pastor,  on  July  17th,  Theodore  Reese  was 
elected  treasurer,  L.  L.  Greenleaf  having 
resigned.  Riley  M.  Graves,  John  Clough 
and  John  Goebel  were  elected  deacons. 
During  this  pastorate  quite  a  number 
were  received  by  letter,  bringing  the 
membership  up  to  seventy-three.  There 
is  a  story  still  in  circulation,  which  used 
to  be  told  with  much  gusto,  as  throwing 
light  upon  customs  and  comments  behind 
the  scenes,  especially  touching  up  long- 
winded  parsons.  One  day  a  visiting 
clergjanan,  stopping  with  the  pastor,  was 
asked  to  "say  grace"  at  the  table.  The 
pastor's  little  nephew  was  very  hungry, 
and,  after  he  had  waited  and  waited  for 
the  words  of  blessing  to  cease,  when  the 
"amen"  was  pronounced,  he  burst  forth. 


354 


EVANSTON  CHURCH  HISTORY 


"Hocus-pokus,  what  a  long  prayer!''  A 
parsonage  was  built.  Messrs.  Greenleaf, 
Graves  and  Clough  advanced  the  required 
capital :  but,  as  the  church  became  finan- 
cially involved,  the  "so-called  parsonage" 
was  sold  in  the  same  year,  1867.  A  bap- 
tistry was  built  in  November  of  this  year. 
Mr.  Leonard's  pastorate  closed  in  Novem- 
ber, 1868,  amid  considerable  disturbance 
of  feeling.  He  was  a  man  of  intellectual 
ability,  generous  instincts  and  fine  taste, 
but  was  lacking  in  some  of  those  tactful 
qualities  so  essential  in  a  struggling 
church. 

It  is  to  be  noted  here  that,  on  Thurs- 
day evening,  August  18,  1868,  Theodore 
Reese  was  elected  clerk,  and,  for  the  next 
seven  years,  served  faithfully.  He  had 
been  immediately  preceded  in  short  terms 
by  J.  R.  Hearsey  and  J.  W.  P.  Hovey. 

In  January,  1869,  Dr.  M.  G.  Clark,  a  re- 
tired minister  living  in  Chicago,  began 
preaching.  His  services  proved  so  ac- 
ceptable, tending  to  restore  harmony  in 
the  church,  that  he  was  given  a  unani- 
mous call,  at  a  salary  of  $1,500.  He  was 
a  strong  man  and  received  into  the 
church,  in  the  next  two  years,  about 
eighty  persons.  The  Trustees  at  this 
time  were:  John  Clough,  Andrew  Shu- 
man,  H.  C.  Tillinghast,  R.  S.  King,  R.  M. 
Graves,  C.  F.  Grey,  J.  W.  P.  Hovey  and 
E.  R.  Paul.  The  Treasurer  was  Towner 
K.  Webster.  During  this  pastorate  "The 
New  Hampshire  Articles  of  Faith"  were 
adopted  by  the  church,  in  place  of  those 
which  had  given  trouble  in  earlier  days. 
The  trouble  was  verbal  and  of  minor 
character,  rather  than  theological.  There 
was  feeling  on  the  part  of  some  that  the 
pews  should  be  free ;  but  they  voted,  Jan- 
uary 10,  1870,  to  rent  them  as  before,  and 
Mr.  C.  F.  Grey  was  made  chairman  of 
the  committee  to  solicit  the  renting  of 
them.     In  February  of  that  year  it  was 


voted  to  have  a  covenant  meeting  both 
afternoon  and  evening.  In  May,  1870, 
they  reported  a  membership  of  103 — 
twenty-three  having  recently  been  bap- 
tized ;  $3,200  for  home  expenses  and  be- 
nevolence, and  the  Bible  school  .was  sup- 
porting two  native  Garo  preachers  in  Bur- 
mah,  and  members  were  working  in  four 
mission  schools. 

Dr.  Clark  befriended  the  janitor  of  the 
church,  a  colored  man,  because  he  was 
shamefully  abused,  and,  on  that  account, 
came  near  being  mobbed  by  the  "hood- 
lum element."  His  friends  shielded  him, 
and  his  enemies  were  afterward  ashamed 
of  their  folly.  Dr.  Clark's  wife  was  edi- 
tor of  "The  Mother's  Journal."  He  re- 
signed in  March,  1871,  to  become  district 
secretary  of  the  Home  Mission  Society 
in  the  State  of  New  York. 

On  Sunday,  May  28,  1871,  a  unanimous 
call  was  extended  to  Rev.  F.  S.  Chapell,  of 
Middletown,  Ohio,  at  a  salary  of  $2,500. 
This  double  fact  of  unanimity  and  of 
large  increase  in  salary  shows  advance. 
And,  within  a  week,  they  entertained  the 
Fox  River  Association  for  three  days. 

Mr.  Chapell  began  work  July  2d.  The 
church  now  entered  upon  longer  pastor- 
ates and  larger  activity.  They  decided 
upon  quarterly  business  meetings,  ap- 
pointed a  committee  on  music  and  se- 
lected a  new  hymn-book.  Within  a  year 
they  decided  to  secure  a  more  central  lo- 
cation and  fixed  upon  the  lot  now  occu- 
pied, the  northwest  corner  of  Chicago 
Avenue  and  Lake  Street.  The  price  of 
the  lot  was  $6,000.  C.  F.  Grey,  C.  E. 
Brown,  H.  C.  Tillinghast,  W.  C.  Clark, 
A.  S.  Shuman  were  appointed  a  commit- 
tee to  have  charge  of  building  the  new 
house.  The  last  service  on  Hinman  Ave- 
nue was  held  August  18,  1872.  The  next 
four  .Sundays  they  occupied  "Lyons" 
Hall."    At  the  end  of  that  time  the  little 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


355 


wooden  church  had  been  moved  and  lo- 
cated on  the  rear  of  the  new  lot.  There 
the  congregation  worshiped  until  the 
present  brick  church  was  finished,  in  No- 
vember, 1872. 

Sunday  evening,  November  3,  1872,  a 
crowd  of  people  had  come  to  hear  one  of 
a  series  of  sermons  for  the  young  and  to 
witness  a  baptism.  Just  as  the  pastor  be- 
gan preaching  "nearly  half  of  the  floor 
gave  way  and  precipitated  the  congrega- 
tion into  the  basement,  about  nine  feet 
below."  None  were  seriously  injured. 
Nathan  Branch,  a  highly  esteemed  col- 
ored brother  of  the  church,  was  sitting  in 
a  pew  that  was  fastened  to  the  side  of 
the  building.  \\'hen  he  felt  the  floor  giv- 
ing way,  and  glanced  at  the  confusion 
below,  he  leaped  to  a  window-sill  from 
his  lofty  perch  and  plungetl  through  the 
window,  breaking  sash  and  glass.  He 
came  around  to  the  treasurer  the  ne.xt 
morning  and  offered  to  pay  the  damage. 

Sunday,  April  27.  1873,  the  fifteenth  an- 
niversary of  the  church  was  celebrated. 
The  pastor  preached  a  historical  sermon 
in  the  morning  and  Rev.  Dr.  W.  W. 
Everts  preached  in  the  evening.  During 
the  day  the  sum  of  $19,400  was  subscribed 
for  the  new  church. 

In  June,  1874,  Riley  M.  Graves  and 
four  others  were  dismissed,  to  help  form 
a  new  Baptist  church  at  Winnetka.  The 
church  was  organized,  but  it  did  not  con- 
tinue long,  as  the  leaders  in  the  work  soon 
left  the  village. 

In  December  of  this  year  the  church 
adopted  revised  and  elaborated  "Rules 
of  Order"  for  the  church,  and  also  a  "Con- 
stitution of  the  Bible  School."  A  finan- 
cial report  for  the  year  1874  shows 
$3,714-32  received  and  $3,305.35  expended, 
with  $178  for  benevolence.  The  follow- 
ing officers  were  elected  for  the  year  1875 : 
Deacons:    E.  H.  Mulford,  James  B.  Van 


Euren,  John  Goebel,  H.  C.  Tillinghast.  F. 
S.  Belden,  C.  H.  Rudd  and  S.  Harbert. 
Trustees :  C.  F.  Grey,  C.  F.  Brown,  D.  F. 
Keeney,  R.  S.  King,  John  Goebel,  An- 
drew Shuman  and  E.  R.  Paul ;  Clerk.  The- 
odore Reese ;  Treasurer,  George  D. 
Mosely.  Finance  Committee:  D.  B. 
Dewey,  George  D.  Mosely,  C.  F.  Grey, 
Francis  B.  Belden  and  H.  C.  Tillinghast. 

February  17,  1875,  the  church  was  re- 
incorporated "under  and  by  virtue  of  Sec- 
tion 44  of  an  Act  concerning  corpora- 
tions, approved  April  18,  1872,"  and  the 
corporate  name  adopted  was  "First  Bap- 
tist Church  of  Evanston."  In  March  of 
this  year  fourteen  names  were  dropped 
from  the  roll  of  membership.  In  June  it 
was  voted  to  establish  three  mission 
schools,  the  financial  obligation  of  the 
church  not  to  exceed  $150  per  annum. 
John  Goebel  was  elected  superintendent 
of  the  South  Mission,  F.  S.  Belden  of  the 
North  Mission,  and  C.  H.  Rudd  of  the 
West  Mission.  The  latter  was  the  more 
successful,  and  brought  a  number  of  mem- 
bers to  the  church  afterward.  In  July 
letters  were  granted  to  J.  G.  Westerfield 
and  three  others,  to  help  form  a  new 
church  in  Wilmette ;  but  this  movement, 
like  the  one  in  Winnetka,  was  short- 
lived. It  will  thus  be  seen  that  the  church 
was  feeling  the  vigor  of  growing  life. 
They  had  business  enterprise.  They 
could  clear  the  decks  for  eff'ective  action, 
and  the}'  had  the  missionary  zeal  to  reach 
out  into  the  surrounding  regions.  In  No- 
vember, 1875,  N.  L.  Stow  was  elected 
clerk  of  the  church,  and  has  served  with 
conscientious,  painstaking  fidelity  up  to 
the  present  time,  a  period  of  twenty-seven 
years. 

The  building  of  the  new  church  pro- 
gressed rather  slowly,  on  account  of  the 
hard  times.  A  loan  of  $10,000  was  se- 
cured in  June,  1875,  to  pay  off  the  float- 


356 


EVANSTON  CHURCH  HISTORY 


ing  debt  and  for  completing  the  church. 
N.  L.  Stow,  in  his  address  at  the  fortieth 
anniversary,  has  this  to  say  of  the  con- 
dition of  things :  "The  foundation  for  the 
new  building  was  laid  in  the  autumn  of 
1873.  The  panic  of  these  years  caused 
the  work  to  drag  slowly,  and  two  3'ears 
went  by  before  we  saw  the  completion. 
The  building  committee  had  so  attended 
to  the  main  work,  the  ladies  to  the  fur- 
nishing and  the  pastor  to  the  bell,  that 
the  house  was  very  complete ;  the  spire 
being  finished,  the  entire  floor  carpeted 
and  the  seats  cushioned.  It  was  a  beau- 
tiful day  —  this  Sabbath,  the  21st  of  No- 
vember. 1875.  -^  large  congregation  as- 
sembled, morning,  afternoon  and  evening. 
Dr.  Everts  preached  in  the  morning.  The 
afternoon  service  was  a  children's  service, 
H.  C.  Tillinghast,  the  superintendent, 
having  charge.  Other  schools  of  the  vil- 
lage were  represented.  Rev.  Mr.  Pack- 
ard, of  the  Congregationalist  Church ; 
Rev.  Dr.  Noyes,  of  the  Presbyterian,  and 
Prof.  Hemenway,  of  the  Methodist. 
gave  addresses.  Col.  Fairman,  the  artist, 
made  the  closing  speech.  Dr.  Northrop, 
President  of  the  Chicago  Baptist  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  preached  in  the  even- 
ing. The  subscriptions  this  day  amounted 
to  $14,000.  The  bell  was  made  especially 
for  the  church.  The  motto  cast  in  the 
metal  was  selected  by  the  pastor,  and  is 
as  follows:  "Gather  the  people  together, 
men  and  women  and  children,  and  thy 
stranger  that  is  within  thy  gates,  that 
they  may  hear  and  that  they  may  learn 
and  fear  the  Lord  your  God."  Many  sub- 
scriptions were  made  by  citizens  outside 
the  church,  that  Evanston  might  have  at 
least  one  church  bell  centrally  located. 
The  building  cost  $31,000.  which,  added  to 
the  cost  of  lot,  bell  and  furnishing,  made 
a  total  of  $40,000.  Mrs.  Rebecca  J.  Mul- 
ford,  wife  of  Major   E.   H.   Mulford,  re- 


membered the  church  generously  in  her 
will;  and  her  name,  in  memory  of  her 
devout  character,  was  placed  in  one  of 
the  windows  beside  the  appropriate  em- 
blem of  a  sheaf  of  ripe  wheat. 

It  was  a  large  undertaking  to  keep  up 
the  running  expenses  and  meet  the  matur- 
ing obligations  involved  in  the  new  con- 
struction. Heavy  lifting  there  was  on  the 
part  of  many;  but  in  March  of  the  fol- 
lowing year,  1876,  the  auditing  committee 
insert  this  statement  in  their  report  with 
regard  to  H.  C.  Tillinghast : 

"We  find  that,  in  addition  to  the  usual 
cares  incident  to  the  position  as  Treas- 
urer and  Chairman  of  the  Building  Com- 
mittee, rather  than  see  the  work  stop,  he 
has  loaned  his  own  individual  credit,  giv- 
ing his  notes,  endorsing  subscription 
notes  to  make  them  negotiable,  advancing 
money  when  the  funds  of  the  church  were 
low.  and  at  the  present  time,  the  church 
is  indebted  to  him  over  $1,400.  We  owe 
Brother  Tillinghast  a  lasting  debt  of  grat- 
itude and  that  some  acknowledgment  of 
these  services  be  placed  on  record." 

Record  is  made  July  4,  1876.  that  the 
new  bell  was  consecrated  to  patriotic  ser- 
vice by  being  rung  thirty  minutes  at  sun- 
rise, noon  and  sunset.  Ivy  was  also 
planted  at  the  south  of  the  spire.  The 
church  contributed  to  the  new  Moody 
movement  in  Chicago.  Thursday.  No- 
vember 9th,  of  this  year,  a  large  social 
gathering  met  at  the  pastor's  house,  to 
celebrate  his  fortieth  birthday  by  giving 
him  a  set  of  "Johnson's  Encyclopedia." 

In  December.  1877,  Pastor  Chapell  ten- 
dered his  resignation  to  take  effect  the 
following  July.  He  felt  it  was  impossible 
for  the  church  to  keep  up  his  salary;  that 
the  pastorate  was.  already  as  long  as  the 
average,  and  a  change  might  be  beneficial 
to  the  health  of  his  family.  He  had 
wrought  a  noble  work,  and  there  was  the 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


357 


best  of  feeling  in  the  separation.  Reso- 
hitions  were  spread  upon  the  records, 
affirming  that  it  was  through  the  pastor's 
pulpit  ability,  his  zeal  and  consecration, 
that  the  church  had  come  to  its  present 
state  of  growth.  He  was  devout  and  at 
the  same  time  practical.  He  believed  in 
attending  to  details  and  statistics  and 
discipline.  He  was  untiring  in  labors 
and,  during  the  last  year,  acted  as  Super- 
intendent of  the  Bible  school.  During 
the  seven  years  of  his  pastorate  he 
preached  684  sermons,  conducted  535  de- 
votional meetings,  married  34  couples, 
attended  66  funerals,  baptized  83,  received 
into  the  church  204,  and  there  has  been 
raised  in  money  $53,250.  He  went  to 
Janesville,  Wisconsin. 

It  is  very  evident  from  the  report  of  the 
Trustees,  the  December  following,  that 
the  church  was  passing  through  financial 
straits,  owing  to  the  loss  of  several  val- 
uable members  and  the  general  business 
depression.  When  overtures  were  made 
to  Rev.  Mr.  Custis,  of  Chicago,  to  become 
pastor,  he  felt  that  he  could  not  come  for 
less  than  $2,000.  That  salary  they  could 
not  then  pay.  March  31,  1879,  a  unanimous 
call  was  extended  to  Rev.  George  R. 
Pierce  of  Oneida,  N.  Y.,  at  a  salary  of 
$100  per  month.  He  accepted  April  8th, 
and  immediately  entered  upon  his  work. 
Nothing  unusual  marked  the  early  part  of 
his  pastorate.  July  27th  the  records  state  : 
"Service  this  morning  was  made  more 
than  usually  interesting,  because  of  the 
first  introduction  of  a  quartette  choir." 
The  pew  question  came  up  for  consider- 
ation, and  the  evening  preaching  service 
was  repeatedly  discussed  and  voted  upon, 
while  the  church,  exercising  the  usual 
Baptist  prerogative,  instructed  the  Trus- 
tees not  to  order  any  "further  collection 
to  be  taken,  unless  the  matter  be  first 
submitted  to  the  church."    At  the  opening 


of  the  second  year  the  pastor's  salary  was 
raised  to  $1,300  per  annum,  and,  a  little 
later,  he  was  granted  a  vacation  of  five 
weeks.  During  the  year  1880,  the  Eddy 
mortgage  of  $10,000  became  due.  It  was 
arranged  to  pay  $1,000  by  November  ist 
and  let  the  remaining  $9,000  run  until 
May,  1885,  at  7  per  cent  interest — it  beino^ 
understood  that  the  church  could,  at  any 
time,  pay  any  portion  of  the  principal.  On 
November  28th  of  that  year  Mr.  Kimball, 
of  Chicago,  spent  the  day  trying  to  raise 
the  entire  debt.  In  the  morning  $6,000 
were  subscribed  and  in  the  evening  $1,000. 
In  order  to  raise  25  per  cent  more,  a  com- 
mittee of  ladies  was  appointed  to  solicit 
help  from  every  individual.  These  ladies 
were:  Mrs.  Goebel,  Mrs.  Craine,  Mrs. 
Somers  and  Miss  Sarah  Webster.  But 
not  until  March,  1883,  was  there  recorded 
any  special  reduction  of  the  debt.  Then, 
by  the  aid  of  R.  S.  King's  bequest  of 
$5,000,  the  bonded  debt  was  reduced  to 
$3,000,  and  the  interest  to  the  rate  of 
6  per  cent  per  annum-  An  amended  and 
revised  constitution  for  the  Bible  school 
was  reported  by  J.  W.  Thompson,  and 
this  was  adopted  April  18,  1881.  Novem- 
ber 15,  1882,  Nathan  Branch  and  nine 
other  persons  were  dismissed  to  become 
constituent  members  of  the  First  Colored 
Baptist  Church  to  be  organized  in  Evan- 
ston. 

March  19,  1883,  Pastor  Pierce  resigned, 
stating  as  his  reason  that  "general  dissat- 
isfaction has  sprung  up  in  the  minds  of 
the  members  of  the  church."  A  week 
from  that  time  the  resignation  was  ac- 
cepted by  a  vote  of  29  to  16,  the  resigna- 
tion to  take  effect  September  30th. 

Sunday,  April  22d,  they  began  celebrat- 
ing the  twenty-fifth  anniversary.  Dr.  Wil- 
liam ^I.  Lawrence,  of  the  Second  Church 
of  Chicago,  preached  in  the  morning,  and 
Dr.  Anderson,  of  the  Chicago  University, 


358 


EVANSTON  CHURCH  HISTORY 


in  the  evening.  In  the  afternoon  the 
pastor  gave  a  history  of  the  church  and 
read  letters  from  Rev.  W.  J.  Leonard  and 
Rev.  F.  Chapeil,  former  pastors.  Two 
constituent  members  were  present,  Mrs. 
Iglehart  and  Mrs.  Burroughs.  On  the  fol- 
lowing Tuesday  evening,  in  response  to 
'an  invitation,  many  friends  from  Chicago 
and  Evanston  rallied,  and,  after  listening 
to  the  pastor  in  a  brief  recital  of  church  his- 
tory and  short  addresses  from  Rev.  ^Nlr. 
Burhoe,  Rev.  Mr.  McGregor  and  Dr.  Hat- 
field, they  repaired  to  the  vestry  where 
bountiful  tables  awaited  them. 

At  the  quarterly  meeting,  June  25;  1883, 
the  motion  accepting  the  pastor's  resigna- 
tion was  rescinded  and  he  was  asked  to 
remain.  The  pastor  wished  time  for  con- 
sideration, but  finally  decided  that  he 
must  go.  There  was  considerable  feeling 
stirred,  and  D.  B.  Dewey  with  some 
others  withdrew  from  the  church.  This 
pastorate  ended  December  30,  1883-  Al- 
though 65  had  been  added  to  the  church 
in  the  four  years,  losses  had  made  the  net 
gain  only  three,  and  the  number  reported 
to  the  .'Association  the  ne.xt  year  showed  a 
net  loss  of  three. 

Rev.  Fred  Clatworthy,  of  Norwalk. 
Ohio,  was  given  a  unanimous  call,  Jan- 
uary 9,  1884.  This  call,  coming  as  it  did 
after  so  much  commotion,  and  with  an 
offer  of  $2,000  salary  ($500  of  it  to  be 
made  up  by  private  subscription),  when 
much  financial  strength  had  been  lost  to 
the  parish,  spoke  highly  of  the  church's 
regard  for  the  man.  This  esteem  was 
well  placed,  for,  beginning  March  1st,  he 
did  a  rare  work  in  settling  disturbed  con- 
ditions and  rallying  forces  for  the  begin- 
ning of  even  a  larger  prosperity  than  ever. 
The  work  began  with  revising  the  church 
rules  of  order  and  a  new  election  of  offi- 
cers. For  Deacons  they  elected  C.  H. 
Rudd,  A.  O.  Bassett  and  E.  S.  Turner; 


for  Trustees,  H.  C.  Tillinghast,  John  Goe- 
bel,  C.  F.  Grey,  J.  W.  Thompson,  L.  K. 
Gillson ;  for  Clerk,  N.  L.  Stow ;  for  Treas- 
urer, H.  G.  Grey;  for  Superintendent  of 
Bible  School,  J.  W.  Thompson. 

In  March,  T.  K.  Webster  reported  from 
the  Trustees  that  they  had  decided  to 
secure  the  income  for  the  church  from 
voluntary  offerings,  and,  in  April  of  the 
next  year,  they  reported  a  floating  debt  of 
$500  wiped  out.  the  additional  $500  for 
salary  met,  the  chapel  painted  and  dec- 
orated, a  good  choir  kept  up,  all  bills 
(aside  from  mortgage)  paid,  and  a  small 
balance  in  the  treasury.  The  amount  ex- 
pended this  year  was  $4,305.41.  There 
was  a  net  increase  in  membership  of  t,"] 
making  a  total  of  198,  and  the  church  was 
thoroughly  united.  P.  N.  Fox  followed 
H.  G.  Grey  as  Treasurer,  while  James  E. 
Low  took  the  place  of  J.  \N\  Thompson  as 
Superintendent  of  the  Bible  School. 

May  6,  1885,  the  church  sent  delegates 
to  help  form  a  city  Mission  Society  in 
Chicago.  A  tablet  in  memory  of  the  wife 
of  Rufus  King  was  placed  on  the  east  wall 
of  the  church,  carrying  out  the  condition 
on  which  he  bequeathed  to  the  church  the 
$5,000.  before  referred  to. 

During  December,  1887,  a  new  organ, 
made  by  Steere  and  Turner,  was  placed  in 
the  church,  and  on  the  thirty-first  of  the 
month  a  concert  was  given  by  Mr.  Clar- 
ence Eddy  of  Chicago. 

May  5,  1889,  Mr.  Clatworthy  resigned 
to  go  to  the  church  in  Adrian,  Michigan. 
It  was  with  regret  that  the  resignation 
was  accepted,  for  "exceedingly  pleasant 
relations  characterized  the  pastorate." 
He  preached  his  farew^ell  sermon  June 
30th. 

During  his  pastorate  197  were  added 
to  the  church  roll  by  baptism  and  by  let- 
ter and,  the  total  membership  was  in- 
creased from  169  to  284. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


359 


Before  the  pastor  left  the  field,  a  com- 
mittee, of  which  J.  W.  Thompson  was 
chairman,  reported  in  favor  of  calling  Rev. 
H.  A.  Delano,  of  South  Xorvvalk.  Conn. 
It  was  with  the  hearty  endorsement  of 
the  retiring  pastor  that  this  was  done. 
Such  a  call  was  extended  June  13,  the  vote 
standing  54  to  19,  and  the  salary  to  be 
$2,000.  Mr.  Delano  accepted  July  ist,  and 
began  his  labors  September   i,   1889. 

The  work  started  in  a  prosperous  way. 
At  the  following  Easter  enough  money 
was  raised  to  close  up  the  old  year  and 
begin  the  new  year  "in  the  best  possible 
condition."  Treasurer  James  E.  Low, 
April  7,  1890,  reported  they  had  expended 
for  the  year  just  closed  $3,727,  and  there 
was  on  hand  $271.  There  was  an  in- 
creasing demand  for  pews  and  it  was  de- 
cided to  go  back  to  pew  rentals.  The 
church  building  was  equipped  for  electric 
lighting,  and  they  began  agitating  the 
question  of  a  new  chapel,  as  the  old  one 
was  in  bad  condition  and  not  at  all  in 
keeping  with  the  new  structure  in  front. 

In  September  of  the  following  year, 
1891,  Mr.  C.  F.  Grey  very  generously  of- 
fered "to  donate  towards  a  new  chapel, 
all  the  mason  and  carpenter  work,  with 
material  for  all  the  building,  except  the 
roof,  plumbing,  painting  and  finishing — 
provided  the  church  would  complete  the 
building  without  incurring  debt  in  so  do- 
ing." With  a  vote  of  hearty  thanks  to 
the  donor,  the  Trustees  were  authorized 
to  secure  plans  and  provide  for  the  addi- 
tional money  needed.  Plans  were  re- 
ported and  adopted  March  6,  1892,  and  on 
March  27,  at  the  close  of  the  sermon,  the 
amount  required  ($6,500)  was  very  nearly 
pledged  and  the  work  on  the  new  chapel 
began. 

The  last  service  in  the  old  chapel  was 
on  Sunday  evening,  June  12,  1892.  The 
new    chapel   was   first   occupied    Sunday, 


June  II,  1893.  The  Bible  school  session 
was  first,  as  they  had  before  changed  the 
hour  of  the  school  from  12  m.  to  9:30 
a.  m.  The  service  was,  in  part,  an  instal- 
lation of  the  new  officers  and  in  part  a 
dedication.  The  morning  preaching  ser- 
vice was  also  held  here.  The  chapel  was 
solidly  built,  conveniently  arranged  and 
beautiful,  giving  completeness  to  the 
church  property.  Its  cost  reached  about 
$22,000. 

For  a  ^yhile,  previous  to  this,  the  mid- 
week prayer-meeting  was  held  in  "Union 
Hall."  The  Presbyterian  church  very 
kindly  offered  the  use  of  their  vestry. 
And  this  courtesy  was  reciprocated  when, 
in  1894,  the  Presbyterian  church  building 
was  burned.  They  were  invited  to  use 
the  Baptist  auditorium,  and  did  so  for  a 
while. 

Dr.  Delano's  salary  was  raised  twice, 
$500  at  a  time.  His  ministry  was  an  able 
one.  He  was  interested  in  public  affairs 
and  social  reforms,  and  was  everywhere  ac- 
ceptable as  a  platform  speaker.  His 
hearty,  companionable  way  won  him 
hosts  of  friends  in  the  community.  When 
his  resignation  came,  March  23,  1896,  to 
take  eft'ect  May  ist,  it  was  with  great 
reluctance  his  friends  consented  to  have 
him  go.  He  accepted  a  call  to  the  Belden 
Avenue  Baptist  church,  Chicago.  In  the 
seven  years  of  his  pastorate  the  church 
had  received  295  additions ;  but  removals 
had  been  so  frequent,  the  net  gain  was 
only  about  60,  leaving  a  membership  of 

354- 

During  the  following  year  the  pulpit 
was  supplied,  for  the  most  part,  by  Prof. 
Albion  W.  Small,  of  Chicago  University. 
He  preached  only  in  the  morning.  The 
evening  preaching  service,  which  had 
been  a  perplexing  problem  even  in  the 
hands  of  the  popular  pastor,  Dr.  Delano, 
was     suspended.      November    18,    1896,    a 


36o 


EVANSTON  CHURCH  HISTORY 


unanimous  call  was  extended  to  Rev.  D. 
B.  Cheeney,  of  Racine,  but  he  did  not  feel 
justified  in  leaving  his  field. 

January  20.  1897,  a  unanimous  call  was 
extended  to  B.  A.  Greene,  D.  D.,  of  Lynn, 
Massachusetts,  at  a  salary  of  $3,000.  The 
church  had  not  heard  him  preach,  neither 
had  he  known  the  church ;  but  the  call 
was  given  on  the  strength  of  reports 
gained  from  many  sources  as  to  his  fit- 
ness for  the  place.  J.  W.  Thompson  and 
J.  S.  Dickerson  were  selected  to  confer 
with  the  man  of  their  choice.  Dr.  Greene 
accepted  and  began  work  March  2,  1897. 
The  last  nine  years  have  been  prosperous 
and  harmonious.  There  have  been  290 
additions.  The  finances  have  been  gener- 
ously cared  for.  In  addition  to  pew 
rentals,  and  to  provide  beforehand  against 
deficiency,  it  is  a  custom  to  secure  pledges 
at  some  selected  morning  service.  Annual 
expenses  amount  to  about  $7,000;  be- 
nevolences, about  $3,000. 

The  church  has  adopted  as  its  own  the 
Delano  Mission,  corner  of  Maple  Avenue 
and  Foster  Street. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  officers  at  the 
present  time  (1906)  : 

Pastor — B.  A.  Greene,  D.  D. ;  Deacons 
— James  E.  Low,  J.  S.  Dickerson,  Peter 
Lemoi,  L.  K.  Gillson,  W.  G.  Sherer,  A.  M. 
Zimmerman,  A.  E.  Wright,  Rev.  M.  Bar- 
ker;  Trustees — J.  E.  Scott,  J.  W.  Low,  H. 
G.  Grey,  Dr.  D.  J.  Harris,  J.  H.  Mac- 
Gregor,  L.  R.  Wing,  J.  F.  Piersen ;  Treas- 
urer— E.  R.  Gilmore:  Clerk — N.  L.  Stow; 
Bible  School  Officers — L.  A.  Trowbridge, 
Superintendent ;  Wm.  Hanchett,  Associate 
Superintendent ;  Fred  Richards,  Secretary  ; 
J.  O.  Adams,  Treasurer ;  Women's  Socie- 
ties— Mrs  H.  W.  Tate,  President  of  Wo- 
man's Aid  and  Home  Mission  Department ; 
Mrs.  W.  P.  Parker,  President  of  Foreign 
Mission  Department ;  Mrs  L  K.  Gillson, 
President  of  Home  Missions;  Young  Peo- 


ple's Society  (B.  Y.  P.  U.)— Mr.  S.  S. 
Crippen,  President :  Harold  Hanchett,  \'ice- 
President ;  Miss  Mabel  Piersen,  Secretary ; 
Miss   Helen   Talbot,   Treasurer. 


PRESBYTERIANISM  IN  EVANSTON 

(By  REV.  JOHN  H.  BOYD,  D.  D.) 

The  City  of  Evanston  is  the  ofl:'spring 
of  a  Methodist  University,  and  very  nat- 
urally, the  first  church  organized  was  the 
noble  First  Methodist  Church,  who  is  the 
mother  of  us  all.  In  the  days  of  small 
population  and  primitive  simplicity  the 
religious  life  of  the  village  was  nurtured 
solely  by  her;  but  as  the  community 
grew,  the  uniformity  which  marks  the 
early  stages  of  every  infant  society  passed, 
and  little  groups  of  kindred  faith  and  spirit 
drew  off,  one  by  one,  to  organize  separate 
churches;  the  Baptists  in  1858  and  the 
Episcopalians  in    i8r)4. 

First  Presbyterian  Church. — In  July, 
1866,  the  Rev.  James  B.  Duncan,  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  of  Canada,  came  to 
Evanston  upon  invitation,  with  a  view  to 
establishing  a  Presbyterian  Church,  but 
after  a  canvass  of  the  field  a  imion  church 
alone  was  deemed  possible  of  success. 
Accordingly,  on  the  first  of  August  a  small 
company  of  Congregationalists  and  Pres- 
b3'terians  united  in  forming  an  inde- 
pendent church.  The  ministry  of  Mr. 
Duncan  continued  over  a  period  of  about 
two  years.  The  Northwestern  University, 
continuing  the  generosity  shown  to  all 
previously  organized  societies,  presented 
this  new  church  with  a  lot  situated  on  the 
northwest  corner  of  Hinman  Avenue  and 
Greenwood  Boulevard,  where  the  Green- 
wood Inn  now  stands.  This  lot  was 
afterwards  exchanged  for  one  at  the  cor- 
ner of  Lake  "Avenue"  and  Chicago  Ave- 
nue, and  the  church  thereafter  was  known 
as  the  "Lake  Avenue  Church."    Upon  this 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


361 


site  was  erected  a  simple  wooden  struc- 
ture, without  lecture  or  Sunday  School 
room,  with  about  250  sittings.  At  the  end 
of  two  years,  after  a  most  harmonious  and 
profitable  association,  each  of  the  ele- 
ments constituting  this  society  felt  strong 
enough  to  separate  and  organize  churches 
of  their  own  order.  The  Presbyterians 
purchased  the  interest  of  the  Congrega- 
tionalists,  and  remained  on  the  original 
site.  B}'  appointment  of  the  Presbytery 
of  Chicago  the  Rev.  Robert  \V.  Patterson, 
D.  D..  antl  the  Rev.  James  T.  Matthews 
organized  "The  First  Presbyterian  Church 
of  Evanston,  July  27,  i868,"'  with  thirty- 
eight  members,  all  except  three  of  whom 
had  been  members  of  the  "Lake  Avenue 
Church."  Three  of  these  original  mem- 
bers live  today:  Airs.  Frances  ^^"inne, 
Mrs.  Priscilla  Poole,  of  Evanston.  and 
John  McLean  of  Chicago.  At  its  organ- 
ization, Brainerd  Kent,  George  E.  Pur- 
ington,  Lewis  M.  Angle  and  A.  L.  Winne 
were  chosen  and  ordained  ruling  elders. 
But  one  member  of  this  original  session 
is  living  today — Mr.  George  E.  Purington 
of  Chicago. 

In  October  following  the  Rev.  George 
Clement  Noyes,  of  LaPorte,  Ind.,  was 
called  to  the  pastorate.  He  began  his 
ministry  November  22,  1868.  The  rapid 
growth  of  the  congregation  made  it  neces- 
sary to  enlarge  the  building  the  year  after 
his  coming.  One  hundred  sittings  were 
added  to  the  auditorium  and  a  pleasant 
lecture  room  annexed.  On  Alay  2,  1875, 
the  building,  with  its  entire  contents,  was 
destroyed  by  fire.  The  loss  was  a  most 
serious  one  for  the  little  congregation. 
Many  men  of  business  had  been  financial- 
ly embarrassed  by  the  great  Chicago  fire, 
and  a  long  period  of  depression  in  busi- 
ness ensued,  but  the  spirit  of  the  people 
was  undaunted  ,and  their  liberality  and 
enterprise  are  manifest  in   the   fact  that, 


at  the  following  Christmas  season,  ser- 
vices were  held  in  the  completed  lecture 
room.  The  entire  building  was  ready  for 
dedication  July  23,  1876.  The  cost  of  this 
edifice  with  furnishings  was  about  twenty- 
two  thousand  dollars. 

The  ministry  of  Dr.  Noyes  was  one  of 
remarkable  fruitfulness,  evidenced  in  a 
net  growth  of  the  Church  from  a  member- 
ship of  thirty-eight  to  four  hundred  and 
sixty-four — nine  hundred  and  sixty-three 
persons  having  been  received  into  the 
Church  during  his  pastorate  of  twenty 
years.  The  benevolences  for  the  last  five 
years  of  his  ministry  amounted  to  more 
than  twenty-three  thousand  dollars,  but 
the  power  of  his  ministry  cannot  be  meas- 
ured in  concrete  facts,  however  large  and 
significant.  Dr.  Noyes.  through  his  mas- 
sive and  sweetly  spiritual  personality,  be- 
gat a  spirit  and  created  an  atmosphere  in 
which  this  congregation  still  lives.  He 
possessed  and  represented  the  highest 
style  of  Presbyterian  Christianity.  Pro- 
foundly serious,  earnest,  broad  and  toler- 
ant, believing  God  too  great  and  too  good 
to  be  exhausted  by  human  definitions,  and 
the  ways  of  love  and  grace  too  many  and 
too  mysterious  to  be  traced  and  numbered 
by  formulas  and  creeds,  he  tolerated,  he 
welcomed,  he  embraced  all  who  loyally 
and  lovingly  clung  to  the  Divine  Master. 

During  his  long  pastorate  of  more  than 
twenty-one  years,  he  represented — it 
would  be  more  true  to  say  that  he  em- 
bodied— in  his  own  personality  the  Pres- 
byterianism  of  Evanston,  making  it  con- 
spicuous and  noble  before  the  eyes  of  the 
Church  and  the  world.  For  many  years 
he  was  an  editorial  writer  and  weekly 
correspondent  of  the  Nezv  York  Evan- 
gelist. The  words  of  "Clement"  were 
read  throughout  the  land  as  messages  of 
wisdom.  In  the  great  controversy  be- 
tween the  Reverend  David  Swing  and  the 


362 


EVANSTON  CHURCH  HISTORY 


Reverend  Frank  L.  Patten,  Mr.  Swing 
chpse  Dr.  Noyes  as  his  counsel,  and  he 
was  so  appointed  by  the  Presbytery  of 
Chicago.  He  conducted  the  defense  with 
distinguished  ability.  For  a  long  term  of 
years  he  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
of  Home  Missions  of  the  Chicago  Presby- 
tery, the  aggressiveness  and  efficiency  of 
that  body  being  in  a  large  measure  due  to 
his  splendid  leadership.  The  ministry  of 
Dr.  Noyes  was  closed  by  his  death  Jan- 
uary 14,  1889.  Miss  Frances  E.  Willard, 
who  knew  Evanston  so  long  and  intimate- 
ly, writes  thus  of  the  places  which  this 
noble  Presbyterian  had  in  the  life  and 
affection  of  the  community:  "I  think," 
says  she.  "no  other  death,  unless  it  be  that 
of  Dr.  Otis  Haven,  in  all  the  years  I  have 
been  an  Evanstonian,  ever  drew  forth  so 
many  expressions  of  sorrow,  or  from 
quarters  so  various,  including  the  wide 
gamut  that  separated  our  municipal  coun- 
cil from  the  freshman  class  of  our  Uni- 
versity." 

The  Church,  thus  so  sadly  vacated,  re- 
mained pastorless  until  a  worthy  succes- 
sor to  Dr.  Noyes  was  found  in  the  Rev. 
Newell  Dwight  Hillis.  then  pastor  of  the 
First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Peoria.  The 
congregation  invited  Dr.  Hillis  to  become 
pastor  on  February  6,  1890.  He  accepted 
and  entered  upon  his  labor  April  6th. 

The  work  prospered  under  the  younger 
prophet  as  it  had  under  the  elder.  He  had 
the  joy  of  seeing  the  work  and  Kingdom 
of  God  ever  enlarging  under  his  hand,  and 
the  congregation  was  happy  in  watching 
the  unfolding  of  that  power  and  eloquence 
which  have  placed  him  in  a  position  where 
he  addresses,  through  tongue  and  pen.  an 
audience  which  may  well  be  the  admira- 
tion of  any  man  who  desires  to  reach  his 
fellows  with  the  message  of  God  as  he 
understands  it. 

The  years  of  Dr.  Hillis"  ministry  were 


very  fruitful.  The  membership  of  the 
Church  grew  from  four  hundred  and  six- 
ty-four to  seven  hundred  and  twelve.  Be- 
nevolent gifts  increased  to  unprecedented 
largeness,  while  every  branch  of  the  work 
showed  thorough  organization  and  won 
ever  enlarging  successes.  The  traditions 
of  the  Church  were  all  preserved  and  the 
spirit  of  the  great  soul  who  had  preceded 
him  and  had  molded  the  congregation  was 
that  of  his  own  soul. 

In  the  fourth  year  of  this  pastorate  the 
Church  went  through  its  second  fire  bath. 
On  a  quiet  Sabbath  morning,  February 
24,  1894,  the  assembling  congregation,  in- 
stead of  entering  the  Sanctuary  to  wor- 
ship, stood  by  and  saw  it  consumed  by  the 
flames.  They  were  not,  however,  difficult 
to  comfort.  The  loss  of  the  building  was 
not  a  serious  disaster.  It  was  rather  an 
unlooked-for  solution  of  a  difficult  prob- 
lem. The  growth  of  the  audience  had 
made  is  necessary  to  consider  the  question 
of  either  enlarging  the  old  building  or 
erecting  a  new  one.  The  charred  timbers 
and  ashes  of  the  old  answered  the  ques- 
tion. The  congregation  moved  with  such 
characteristic  energy  that,  on  the  "th  day 
of  the  following  October,  the  corner-stone 
of  the  present  structure  was  laid  with  ap- 
propriate ceremonies,  and.  less  than  a 
year  from  that  date,  the  building  stood 
completed  and  furnished,  being  opened 
for  worship  September  i,  1895,  the  pastor- 
elect  preaching  the  sermon. 

This  new  building  is  a  splendid,  mas- 
sive structure,  built  of  Lemont  limestone, 
with  interior  finishings  of  red  oak.  the 
roof  beams  of  Georgia  pine.  It  cost,  com- 
plete with  decorations  and  furnishings, 
$63,500,  the  organ  costing  $6,600  addi- 
tional. The  main  auditorium,  of  75x90 
feet,  with  a  gallery  in  the  rear,  has  a  seat- 
ing capacity  of  about  fourteen  hundred. 
It  is  lighted  by  two  great  memorial  win- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


363 


dovvs — that  on  the  north  commemorating 
the  Rev.  Robert  W.  Patterson,  D.  D.,  who 
was  a  noble  father  of  Chicago  Presbyter- 
ianism,  from  the  besfinninsT  the  friend  of 
this  Church,  and  afterwards  coming  with 
his  family  to  be.  for  many  years,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  congregation :  that  on  the 
south  dedicated  to  the  memory  of  the 
Rev.  George  Clement  Noyes,  D.  D.  It  is 
most  fitting  that  the  worship  and  the  work 
and  fellowship  of  the  congregation  of  the 
First  Presbyterian  Church  should  exist 
between  windows  sacred  to  the  memory 
of  these  two  men ;  for.  as  the  fair  audi- 
torium is  lighted  by  the  rays  of  the  sun 
v.'hich  fall  through  the  rich  glasses,  so  the 
life  of  the  congregation  has  been,  and  will 
in  the  future  continue  to  be,  illuminated 
by  the  rays  of  the  Sun  of  Righteousness 
which  shine  through  their  holy  characters. 
During  the  erection  of  this  edifice  Dr. 
Hillis  retired  from  the  pastorate,  present- 
ing his  resignation  in  December,  1894, 
having  accepted  an  invitation  to  mniister 
to  the  Central  Church  (Independent)  of 
Chicago.  On  the  loth  of  July  following, 
a  call  was  extended  to  the  Rev.  John  H. 
Boyd,  D.  D.,  then  pastor  of  the  Second 
Presbyterian  Church  of  Charlotte,  N.  C. 
The  call  was  accepted  and  the  new  pas- 
torate opened  on  the  6th  day  of  October, 
1895.  Dr.  Boyd  still  remains  in  the  field, 
and  under  his  charge  the  prosperity  which 
has  always  characterized  the  organization 
continues.  The  roll  of  church  member- 
ship, after  careful  expurgation,  showed 
at  the  beginning  of  his  pastorate  six 
hundred  and  fifty-nine  names.  This  has 
been  increased  to  eight  hundred  and  sixty- 
three.  During  the  seven  years  past  $14,- 
716  have  been  contributed  to  the  cause  of 
Home  Missions,  and  $10,618  to  Foreign 
Missions.  Other  Boards  and  benevolences 
have  received  $25,813,  while  in  the  pay- 
ment of  debts  and  self-support  the  con- 


gregation has  expended  $109,602,  making 
a  grand  total  of  $160,749,  or  almost  $22.- 
000  per  year.  During  the  past  seven 
years  219  persons  have  been  received  on 
profession  of  faith,  and  449  by  letter — 
making  a  total  of  668  additions  to  the 
membership. 

A  notable  event  in  the  recent  life  of  the 
congregation  was  the  payment  of  a  large 
debt  which  existed  after  the  new  church 
was  completed.  This  amounted  to  $21,- 
500.  After  three  years  this  amount  was 
reduced  by  $4,000,  leaving  $17,500  in- 
debtedness. On  Sunday  morning,  April 
23.  1899,  after  a  discourse  by  the  pastor, 
the  congregation  with  enthusiastic  liberal- 
ity swept  the  whole  debt  away,  in  forty 
minutes  time  contributing  more  than  suf- 
ficient to  pay  the  whole. 

The  Church,  as  now  organized,  is  a 
splendid  piece  of  religious  machinery,  em- 
bracing sixteen  different  organizations, 
wdiich  engage  the  active  co-operation  of 
more  than  six  hundred  workers.  The 
present  session  consists  of  twelve  elders : 
Homer  C.  Hunt,  who  has  served  for  more 
than  twenty-two  years;  Thomas  Lord, 
with  a  record  of  twenty  years  of  service; 
Andress  B.  Hull,  nineteen  years  of  ser- 
vice ;  Thomas  H.  Linsley,  Adam  E.  Dunn. 
Edward  B.  Ouinlan,  Otis  R.  Larsen, 
Frank  S.  Shaw.  Cornelius  D.  B.  Howell, 
Harry  B.  Wheelock,  Charles  C.  Cox  and 
Frank  Marimon. 

The  Board  of  Trustees  consists  of  nine 
members:  Henry  J.  Wallingford,  Jerome 
A.  Smith,  Philip  P.  Lee.  Andrew  Patter- 
son, Adam  E.  Dunn,  Frank  W.  Gerould, 
J.  H.  Nitchie,  David  B.  Forgan,  M.  Coch- 
rane Armour.  This  roll  of  esteemed  and 
earnest  men  fully  represents  that  greater 
list  of  officers  who  have  served  the  church 
during  the  thirty-two  years  of  its  ex- 
istence. The  splendid  personnel  of  the 
governing    body    and    their    positions    of 


364 


EVANSTON  CHURCH  HISTORY 


leadership  is  tlie  explanation  of  the  years 
of  unarrested  prosperity  and  continued 
peace  which  have  marked  this  Church. 
The  Sunday  School,  with  a  membership 
of  five  hundred,  is  under  the  leadership 
of  Elder  H.  B.  W'heelock,  who,  with  his 
diligent  officers  and  teachers,  has  brought 
the  work  to  a  high  state  of  efficiency.  The 
school  is  excellently  graded.  Miss  Laura 
E.  Cragin  is  in  charge  of  the  Kinder- 
garten, Mrs.  George  H.  Ludlow,  the  Pri- 
mary, and  T.  K.  Webster,  the  Inter- 
mediate. The  Superintendent  conducts 
the  main  department,  and  Mr.  Fleming 
H.  Revell  and  Mr.  Newell  C.  Knight  are 
leaders  of  Bible  classes.  The  other  minor 
organizations,  devotional  and  benevolent, 
operate  along  the  whole  front  of  religious 
opportunity  and  are  accomplishing  large 
results. 

The  enlargement  of  Presbyterianism  in 
Evanston  is  represented  in  two  move- 
ments; one  resulting  in  the  organization 
of  the  Second  Church  in  what  was  then 
the  village  of  South  Evanston,  and  the 
second  and  more  recent  one  the  building 
of  a  chapel  whose  future  is  full  of  prom- 
ise. For  nine  years  a  prayer-meeting  and 
Sunday  School  were  sustained  in  a  store 
house  at  131 5  Emerson  Street.  This  was 
known  as  the  Emerson  Street  Chapel.  In 
the  winter  of  1902  the  Church  felt  justi- 
fied in  placing  this  work  upon  a  more  sub- 
stantial footing.  A  lot  was  bought  at  the 
corner  of  Emerson  Street  and  Dewey  Ave- 
.  nue.  A  neat  little  Chapel,  well  equipped 
for  a  neighborhood  church,  seating  about 
250,  was  erected.  It  was  first  occupied 
May  4th  and  was  dedicated,  amid  the  re- 
joicings of  Children's  Day,  on  June  8, 
1902. 

The  Second  Presbyterian  Church  grew 
out  the  interest  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Noyes 
of  the  First  Church,  in  the  people  of  the 
village     of     South     Evanston.       Having 


moved  with  his  family  to  the  corner  of 
Greenleaf  Street  and  Judson  Avenue,  he 
began  to  hold  cottage  prayer-meetings  in 
the  neighborhood.  These  gatherings 
quickened  the  desire  of  the  people  in  that 
locality  to  have  a  church  of  their  own. 
The  growth  of  the  movement  and  career 
of  the  church  is  here  given  from  the  pen 
of  Mr.  George  W.  Hotchkiss,  who  was 
from  the  beginning  active  in  advancing 
the  cause  and  who  remains,  today,  to  en- 
joy the  large  measure  of  success  which 
has  come  to  the  effort  of  the  earnest  men 
and  women   of  that  congregation : 

Second  Presbyterian  Church.  —  The 
Second  Presbyterian  Church  of  Evanston, 
located  on  the  northeast  corner  of  Hin- 
man  Avenue  and  Main  Street,  originated 
in  February,  1884,  from  the  gathering  to- 
gether of  a  few  citizens  of  the  then  \'illage 
of  South  Evanston  (now  comprising  the 
Third  and  Fourth  ^^'ards  of  the  City  of 
Evanston),  to  consider  the  spiritual  needs 
of  the  village,  which,  with  about  1,500  in- 
habitants, had  but  one  church  organiza- 
tion, that  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  de- 
nomination. The  preliminary  and  several 
successive  conferences  were  attended  by 
Messrs.  Charles  Randolph,  Gen.  Julius 
White,  A.  H.  Gunn,  J.  M.  Brown,  T. 
Winter,  S.  E.  Norton,  A.  L.  Winne,  J.  B.  ' 
Lamkin,  E.  A.  Downs,  Wm.  AI.  R.  Vose 
and  George  W.  Hotchkiss,  and  a  general 
call  was  promulgated  addressed  to — 

"All  persons  who  believe  that  the  time 
has  arrived  when  an  earnest  effort  should 
be  made  to  organize  either  a  Presbyterian 
or  Congregational  Church  in  South  Evan- 
ston, and  those  feeling  any  interest  in 
the  subject  are  requested  to  assemble  in 
Ducat's  Hall  on  the  afternoon  of  Sunday, 
February  24,  1884,  at  four  o'clock,  to  con- 
sider the  question  and  to  inaugurate  such 
action  as  will  lead  to  the  accomplishment 
of  such  an  organization." 


HISTORY  OF   EVANSTON 


365 


At  this  meeting  eighty-five  persons 
were  assembled,  and  by  a  practically 
unanimous  vote,  it  was  decided  to  can- 
vass the  village  and  thus  ascertain  if 
financial  and  religious  support  could  be  re- 
lied upon.  This  resulted  in  a  report  to  a 
meeting,  held  March  9th,  that  the  move- 
ment could  rely  upon  the  approval  and 
support  of  two  hundred  and  three  adults, 
while  one  hundred  and  two  children  and 
youth  had  been  found  who  would  gladly 
attend  the  Sabbath  School,  and  the  Com- 
mittee recommended  that  immediate  steps 
be  taken  toward  permanent  organization 
and  the  securing  of  subscriptions  for  a 
building  fund.  At  a  meeting  held  April 
13th  subscriptions  to  the  amount  of  over 
$6,000  were  reported  as  having  been 
pledged,  and  it  was  formally  decided  to 
go  forward  as  rapidly  as  possible  with  the 
work  of  organization  and  the  erection  of 
a  house  of  worship.  At  this  meeting 
articles  of  association  were  adopted  for 
the  formation  of  a  religious  society  and 
received  the  signatures  of  one  hundred 
and  twenty-five  persons.  On  Saturday 
evening,  April  19th,  a  formal  organization 
was  eflfected  by  the  adoption  of  by-laws, 
and  a  two-thirds  majority  of  those  present 
being  in  favor  of  a  Presbyterian  form  of 
government,  the  new  organization  was 
designated  as  the  Presbyterian  Church  of 
South  Evanston.  and,  as  such,  was  certi- 
fied by  the  Secretary,  George  W.  Hotch- 
kiss,  to  the  County  Clerk  of  Cook  County 
in  accordance  with  the  laws  of  the  State 
of  Illinois.  At  this  meeting  A.  H.  Gunn, 
John  M.  Brown  and  O.  F.  Gibbs  were 
elected  Trustees  to  serve  one  year,  and 
Thaddeus  \\inter,  Charles  Randolph  and 
H.  C.  McClary  to  serve  for  two  years. 
The  first  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Trustees 
was  held  April  23d.  at  which  time  it  was 
voted  to  purchase  a  lot  of  114  feet  front- 
age on  Hinman  Avenue,  northeast  corner 


of  Lincoln  Avenue  (afterwards  named 
Main  Street),  for  the  price  of  $3,500.  April 
25th  a  building  committee  was  appointed 
to  act  in  conjunction  with  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  June  7th  Messrs.  Holabird  and 
Roach  were  selected  as  the  architects,  and 
their  plans  of  a  building  to  cost  about 
$8,000  were  approved.  These  plans  were 
subsequently  remodeled  and  the  final 
structure,  as  it  now  stands,  represents  an 
outlay  of  about  $20,000.  The  edifice  has 
seating  capacity  for  about  four  hundred 
and  fifty  persons.  So  much  for  the  origin 
and  completion  of  the  temporalities  of  the 
Church  which,  upon  the  incorporation  of 
the  two  villages  of  South  Evanston  and 
Evanston,  became  known  as  "The  South 
Presbyterian  Church  of  Evanston."  In 
June,  1901,  the  corporate  name  was  again 
changed  to  conform  to  existing  conditions, 
and  it  is  now  known  as  "The  Second  Pres- 
byterian Church  of  Evanston." 

During  the  progress  of  events  from  the 
initiation  of  the  movement  looking  to  the 
formation  of  the  Society  and  during  the  in- 
terim of  building,  neighborhood  prayer- 
meetings  were  held,  ladies'  societies  formed 
and  every  preparation  made  for  the  final 
organization  as  a  religious  body.  By 
June,  1885,  the  church  building  had  so  far 
progressed  that,  on  Sabbath  Day,  June 
28th,  a  committee  from  the  Presbytery  of 
Chicago  consisting  of  Rev.  George  C. 
Noyes  (pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Evanston)  and  Rev.  R.  W.  Pat- 
terson, D.  D.,  met  and  examined  the  let- 
ters of  forty-four  members  of  other 
churches  who  had  decided  to  join  the  new 
organization,  and  who,  together  with  six 
persons  who  presented  themeslves  upon 
confession  of  their  faith,  were  declared  to 
form  the  thus  constituted  church.  At  this, 
the  first  religious  service  held  in  the 
church.  Rev.  R.  W.  Patterson.  D.  D..  ad- 
ministered  the   ordinance   of  baptism    to 


366 


EVANSTON  CHURCH  HISTORY 


three  adults,  after  which  he  preached  i 
sermon  from  Luke  13:  18-21.  Dr.  Patter- 
son was  assisted  in  this  service  by  Rev. 
Clatworthy,  pastor  of  the'  Baptist  Church 
of  Evanston,  and  the  Rev.  Lewis  Curts,  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Evan- 
ston, while  the  service  of  dedicating  the 
building  to  the  worship  of  Almighty  God 
was  conducted  by  Rev.  George  C.  Noyes, 
D.  D.,  the  dedicatory  prayer  being  offered 
by  Rev.  A.  J.  Scott,  pastor  of  the  Congre- 
gational Church  of  Evanston.  From  this 
time  regular  church  service  was  held  m 
the  lecture  room,  a  Sabbath  School  organ- 
ized and  a  Wednesday  evening  prayer- 
meeting  established.  On  July  15th,  at  the 
close  of  the  prayer  service,  it  was  decided 
to  elect  but  two  elders  at  that  time  and  Wil- 
liam H.  Spencer  and  William  I\L  R.  \'ose 
were  elected  to  that  office.  During  the 
remainder  of  that  year  the  Rev.  R.  W. 
Patterson,  although  of  advanced  age  and 
infirmity,  assisted  the  young  Church  as 
pulpit  suppl}',  until  November  11,  1885, 
when  a  call  was  extended  to  Rev.  William 
Smith,  of  Hudson,  N.  Y.,  who,  accepting, 
came  at  once  to  his  new  pastorate  and 
continued  to  the  great  edification  of  the 
Church  until  his  death,  February  23,  1892. 
In  June.  1892,  the  Rev.  John  N.  Mills,  of 
Beatrice.  Xeb..  was  called  to  the  pastorate 
which  he  filled  acceptably  until  May  8, 
1895,  when  failing  health  compelled  him 
to  present  his  resignation,  much  to  the 
regret  of  the  membership,  and  his  fare- 
well sermon  was  preached  on  the  26th 
of  the  same  month.  From  that  time  until 
March,  1896,  Prof.  M.  Bross  Thomas 
acted  as  pulpit  supply  with  great  accept- 
ability and,  on  March  4,  1896,  a  call  was 
extended  to  Rev.  A  .W.  Ringland,  D.  D., 
late  of  Toledo,  Ohio,  which,  being  ac- 
cepted,   Dr.    Ringland    entered    upon    his 


pastorate  April  5.  1896.  He  continued  a 
most  successful  and  harmonious  pastorate 
until  February  25,  1898,  when  failing 
health  compelled  his  resignation,  taking 
effect  April  1st  of  that  year.  Loath  to 
accept  the  resignation  of  so  faithful  a 
pastor,  a  resolution  prevailed  granting  to 
Dr.  Ringland  a  year's  vacation  in  the  hope 
that,  with  restored  health,  his  pastorate 
might  continue;  but,  in  February,  1899, 
he  deemed  it  judicious  to  make  his  resig- 
nation absolute,  and  it  was  accepted. 
During  the  interregnum  the  pulpit  was 
again  supplied,  to  the  great  edification  of 
the  Church,  by  Prof.  M.  Bross  Thomas, 
of  the  Lake  Forest  University,  until  Feb- 
ruary 26,  1899,  when  a  call  was  extended 
to  Rev.  John  W.  Francis,  of  Richland 
Center,  Wis.,  who  was  installed  as  pastor 
on  June  4,  1899,  and  still  occupies  that 
position,  at  this  writing  (April,  1902),  the 
Church  under  his  charge  having  greatly 
prospered.  The  present  membership  is 
220. 

During  all  the  years  since  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  Church  a  Sabbath  School, 
which  now  has  a  regular  attendance  of 
about  185,  has  been  maintained.  A  so- 
ciety of  Christian  Endeavor  has  engaged 
the  attention  and  interest  of  the  young 
women  of  the  Church,  while  various  so- 
cieties in  different  branches  of  church 
work  have  done  effective  service.  Of 
these,  the  Ladies'  Home  and  Foreign 
Missionary  Societies,  the  Ladies'  Aid  So- 
ciety and  the  Forward  Circle  of  the 
vounger  ladies  have  been  prominent  in 
efi^ective  work.  The  weekly  prayer-meet- 
ing has  been  well  sustained  from  the  be- 
ginning, and  the  Second  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Evanston  justly  holds  a  posi- 
tion of  prominence  among  the  many 
churches  of  the  city. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


367 


EPISCOPAL  CHURCHES 

(By  REV.  AIlTHrii  \V.  LITTLE,  D.  D.,  L.  H.  D.) 

In  the  year  18G4  there  were  in  Evanston 
only  three  or  four  faniihes  wlio  reallv 
belonged  to  the  Episcopal  Church.  There 
were,  however,  several  leading  citizens 
who  loved  the  Prayer  Book,  and  were 
ready  to  aid  in  starting  a  parish  church. 
There  were  also  certain  other  public- 
spirited  men  who,  from  considerations  of 
civic  pride,  desired  to  see  an  Anglican 
church  in  the  village.  Thus  the  way  was 
opened  for  the  founding  of  St.  Mark's 
Church. 

In  the  spring  of  1864  the  Rev.  John 
Wilkinson,  a  priest,  and  chaplain  to  the 
Rt.  Rev.  Dr.  Whitehouse,  Bishop  of  Illi- 
nois, was  permitted  by  the  courtesy  of  the 
Methodists  to  give  notice  in  the  chapel  of 
the  University  that  a  parish  would  be  or- 
ganized according  to  the  canons  of  the 
Diocese  of  Illinois,  and  that  the  organi- 
zation would  take  place  on  April  20th. 
At  this  meeting  a  canonical  organization 
was  effected  under  the  title  of  St.  ]\Iark's 
Parish,  and  I\Ir.  Charles  Cumstock  and 
Mr.  D.  J.  Crocker  were  chosen  church 
wardens.  St.  Mark's,  therefore,  started 
as  a  parish,  and  was  never  a  mission. 

The  first  service  was  held  on  the  third 
Sunday  of  May,  1864,  in  the  building  then 
known  as  the  First  ]\Iethodist  church. 
After  that  the  services  were  held  in  the 
chapel  of  the  University,  the  Rev.  Theo- 
dore I.  Holcombe  being  priest  in  charge. 
There  are  many  interesting  reminiscences 
of  his  ministry  here  as  a  temporary  supply 
for  about  a  year,  although  it  was  indeed 
the  day  of  small  things. 

Early  in  the  spring  of  186:^  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Holcombe  was  transferred  to  the  Diocese 
of  Wisconsin,  and  for  several  weeks  there 
seem  to  have  been  no  public  services  of 
the  Church.  Meantime,  however,  the 
Trustees  of  the  University  kindly  gave 


the  parish  a  lot  of  land  on  the  north  side 
of  Davis  Street,  between  Ridge  and  Oak 
Avenues,  sixty  feet  front  by  150  feet  deep, 
upon  which  a  small  wooden  church  was 
built.  On  September  15th  of  the  year 
1865  the  church,  being  free  of  debt,  was 
consecrated  by  Bishop  Whitehouse,  the 
solemn  function  being  attended  by  the 
clerical  and  lay  members  of  the  Diocesan 
Convention,  which  was  in  session  that 
week  in  Chicago.  At  the  same  time  the 
Rev.  John  W.  Buckmaster,  a  priest  of  the 
Diocese  of  New  York,  was  made  rector  of 
the  parish.  From  that  day  to  this  there 
has  been  no  interruption  in  the  parochial 
work  of  this  church.  The  eucharistic  sac- 
rifice has  been  offered,  and  all  the  sacra- 
ments have  been  duly  celebrated,  while 
divine  worship  and  preaching  of  the  gos- 
pel have  been  maintained,  with  much 
charity  and  good  work  for  the  bodies  as 
well  as  for  the  souls  of  men.  \Mien  there 
has  been  a  vacancy  in  the  rectorship,  there 
have  always  been  temporary  supplies. 

The  first  class  of  candidates  for  con- 
firmation was  presented  by  the  rector,  V.r. 
Buckmaster,  on  March  26,  1866.  It  con- 
sisted of  ten  persons  who  were  confirmed 
by  the  Rt.  Rev.  J.  C.  Talbot,  D.  D.,  Bishop 
co-adjutor  of  Indiana,  acting  for  the 
Bishop  of  Illinois.  That  was  a  great  event 
in  Evanston.  It  was  like  the  day  when 
St.  Peter  and  St.  John  came  down  from 
Jerusalem  to  Samaria,  and  laid  their 
hands  in  apostolic  benediction  upon  the 
first  converts  who  had  been  baptized  by 
St.  Philip.  This  was  the  only  class  pre- 
sented by  the  first  rector;  ten  confirma- 
tions in  two  years— an  average  of  fi^■e  a 
year.  This  rectorship  lasted  from  Septem- 
ber. 1865  to  April,  1867. 

During  much  of  the  history  of  St. 
Mark's,  the  parish  undoubtedly  suffered 
from  the  shortness  of  the  rectorships— a 
thing  which  seriously  interrupts  parochial 


368 


EVANSTON  CHURCH  HISTORY 


work  and  the  pastoral  relation.  The  first 
ten  years  show  four  rectorships,  besifies 
two  years  of  supplies.  The  next  thirteen 
years  show  three  rectorships,  with  about 
two  years  of  supplies ;  in  short,  up  to  the 
year  1888,  the  average  rectorship  was  less 
than  three  years.  This  seems  like  the 
Methodist  system  grafted  upon  the  Old 
Church.  It  is  wholly  contrary  to  the 
Church  idea,  and  was  the  cause  as  well  as 
the  result  of  evil. 

The  second  rector  of  St.  Mark's  was  the 
Rev.  Thomas  Lisle  of  Philadelphia,  who 
was  the  parish  priest  here  from  the  20th 
of  May,  1867,  to  the  7th  of  June,  1869. 
Great  progress  was  made  during  this  rec- 
torship. The  fact  is,  the  people  of  the 
village  began  to  realize  that  St.  Mark's 
Church  was  here,  that  it  stood  for  some- 
thing, and  that  it  had  come  to  stay. 
Moreover,  the  village  was  growing  quite 
rapidly  at  that  time.  It  is  recorded  that 
the  number  of  familiejS  and  communicants 
in  the  parish  doubled  in  those  two  years. 
The  church  building  was  also  greatly  en- 
larged by  being  lengthened,  and  a  small 
wooden  tower  was  built,  containing  a  bell 
made  by  the  Meneely  Bell  Company  of 
Troy.  So  that,  from  that  day  St.  Mark's 
has  never  been  without  "the  sound  of  the 
church-going  bell,"  to  tell  of  God  and  to 
summon  to  the  House  of  God,  except  dur- 
ing the  time  after  the,  new  church  was 
built  and  until  the  beautiful  chimes  of  St. 
Mark's  were  installed. 

Bishop  Whitehouse  made  his  first  epis- 
copal visitation  for  confirmation  on  April 
19,  1868,  confirming  a  class  of  four  per- 
sons ;  and  again,  on  April  25th  of  the  year 
1869,  when  he  confirmed  ten,  making  four- 
teen who  received  the  sacrament  of  con- 
firmation during  this  rectorship — an  aver- 
age of  seven  a  year. 

From  January,  1869,  until  April,  1872, 
there  was  one  short  rectorship  with  sev- 


eral priests  in  charge  as  temporary  sup- 
plies. Not  much  work  was  done.  There 
were  no  confirmations.  The  rectorship 
was  that  of  Rev.  A.  J.  Barrows,  from 
November,  1869,  to  September,  1870 — less 
than  a  year. 

In  April,  1872,  the  Rev.  C.  S.  Abbott 
became  rector,  and  remained  until  in  1875. 
He  was  a  kindly  and  faithful  priest  and 
pastor.  He  presented  three  classes  for 
confirmation,  containing,  respectively, 
one,  five  and  twelve  souls,  making 
eighteen  confirmations — an  average  of 
four  and  one-half  a  year. 

During  this  rectorship,  as  early  as  in 
the  year  1873.  plans  for  building  a  new 
church  began  to  be  formed.  The  scheme, 
however,  was  rejected  by  the  vestry  on 
what  were  probably  wise  and  prudent 
considerations.  There  had  been  what  is 
familiarly  known  as  a  great  "boom"  in 
■  Evanston.  After  the  Chicago  fire,  many 
Chicago  people  were  left  homeless  and 
came  out  to  this  suburb  to  live.  Among 
them  were  many  Church  folk.  Thus  the 
parish  received  agreataccession  of  numbers 
and  strength.  But  the  vestry  knew  that 
many  of  these  would  go  back  to  Chicago, 
and  that  the  boom  was  an  artificial  one 
and  could  not  be  depended  on.  Conse- 
quently they  were  not  willing  to  under- 
take either  the  building  or  enlargement  of 
the  church.  But,  as  often  happens  in  such 
cpses,  the  women  of  the  parish  were 
roused  to  action,  as  appears  from  the  fol- 
lowing extract  from  the  minutes  of  the 
vestry  of  St.  Mark's  under  date  of  July 
II,  1875: 

"A  proposition  of  the  women  of  the  par- 
ish to  enlarge  the  church-building  at  their 
own  cost,  by  widening  it  about  twelve  feet 
on  the  east  side  and  making  some  other 
minor  improvements  incidental  thereto,  was 
laid  before  the  vestry.  After  a  discussion 
of  the  plan  proposed,  it  was  unanimously 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


369 


resolved"  (note  the  unanimity  with  which 
it  was  resolved),  "that  the  ladies  of  the  par- 
ish be  allowed  to  enlarge  the  church  build- 
ing at  their  own  expense,  provided  that  the 
contract  be  so  made  as  in  no  wav  to  make 
the  vestrv  liable  or  to  incumber  the  church 
building  for  any  part  of  the  cost  of  the  con- 
templated  improvement." 

The  good  women  were  not  abashed; 
they  took  hold  and  built  what,  in  ecclesi- 
astical language,  is  known  as  the  south 
aisle  of  the  church.  The  example  of  the 
women  produced  an  effect  which  was 
that,  subsequently,  the  Men's  Guild  of 
the  parish  built  and  added  to  the  old 
church  the  north  aisle. 

I  have  thus  very  briefly  sketched  the 
first  ten  years  of  the  parochial  life  of  St. 
Mark's.  God  alone  knows  the  unrecorded 
works ;  the  faith  and  charity  that  went  on 
all  through  that  decade;  the  earnest,  de- 
voted and  faithful  struggles  of  the  laymen 
to  maintain  the  church ;  the  faithful  pas- 
toral work,  and  the  preaching  by  the  three 
rectors  and  the  various  temporary  sup- 
plies. These  things  are  written  in  the 
Lamb's  Book  of  Life. 

Toward  the  close  of  the  period  of  ten 
years,  hard  times  came  upon  the  parish 
and  the  town.  Many  of  the  refugees 
from  the  Chicago  fire  had  moved  back  to 
their  own  rebuilded  homes.  There  had 
been  a  great  panic  in  the  financial  world, 
and  men  felt  the  pressure  of  straightened 
resources.  The  congregation  fell  off.  It 
is  recorded  that  the  Sunday  morning  con- 
gregation that  used  to  fill  the  church  had 
now  dwindled  down  to  thirty-five  or  forty 
persons,  hardly  more  than  the  present 
choir. 

The  first  ten  years  of  parochial  admin- 
istration of  St.  Mark's  were  years  when 
the  parish  work  was  done  on  what  may 
be  called  protestant  lines.  The  general 
teaching   and    tone   of  the   church,    aside 


from     the     irresistible     influence     of     the 
Prayer  Book,  were  hardly  above  the  aver- 
age  Puritan   level.     One   may  see  some- 
thing of  this,  for  example,  in  the  fact  that, 
during   those   ten    years    there   were    but 
fifty  confirmations — an  average  of  five  a 
year.   There  was,  comparatively  speaking, 
little    brightness    in    the    service;    there 
seemed  to  be  a  fear  of  making  the  worship 
of  God  beautiful ;  and  the  senseless  cry 
of  "no  popery"  was  raised  by  some,  over 
things  that  are  a  part  of  the  Anglo-Catho- 
lic  heritage.    The  building  itself  was  un- 
churchly  and  unattractive.   The  altar  was 
a  wooden  box  only  four  feet  long,  with- 
out cross,  vases,  altar  lights,  altar  vest- 
ings,   or  even  a  full   set  of  altar  linens. 
There     was     no     credence     or     prothesis. 
In    celebrating   the    Holy    Eucharist,    in- 
stead of  the  unleavened  bread   which  our 
Lord  used,  common  bread  was  employed. 
The  mixed  chalice  was  not  used.     Eucha- 
ristic  vestments  were  unknown ;  the  cele- 
brant   wore    a    long    white    surplice    and 
black  stole.    The  ablutions  were  not  per- 
formed.   There   were   no   early   commun- 
ions,  and  the   Saints'  days  and   many  of 
the    Church's    holy    feasts    and    fasts    were 
not  generally  observed. 

With  the  coming  in  of  the  new  rector,  the 
Rev.  J.  Stewart  Smith,  which  coincided 
with  the  advent  of  the  new  Bishop  of 
the  diocese,  a  new  system  was  inaugu- 
rated ;  and,  from  that  time  St.  Mark's  has 
known  prosperity  and  progress  un- 
dreamed of  before.  For  thirty  years, 
then,  after  the  first  ten.  the  parish 
has  been  administered  on  what  may  prop- 
erly be  called  Anglo-Catholic  lines.  In 
the  History  of  Evanston  by  our  late  bril- 
liant fellow-townswoman.  Miss  \A'iIlard. 
are  these  words,  describing  the  rector- 
ship of  the  Rev.  J.  Stewart  Smith: 

"This  was  the  beginning  of  a  new  order 
of  things,  wherein  was  a  striking  contrast 


370 


EVANSTON  CHURCH  HISTORY 


to  the  old  ;  the  change  was  a  marked  differ- 
ence in  CathoHc  teaching  and  practice,  and 
the  work  then  earnestly  begun  has  been 
faithfully  increased  and  widened  by  Mr. 
Smith's  successors.  The  trend  of  this 
movement  has  steadily  been  in  harmony 
with  the  Catholic  revival  in  the  Anglican 
Church,  and  St.  Mark's  has  been  highly 
favored  in  the  men  who  have  filled  her  pul- 
pit since  then." 

It  is  impossible  to  overestimate  the 
work  of  the  Rev.  J.  Stewart  Smith, 
the  fifth  rector  of  St.  Mark's.  He 
was  the  curate  of  the  Rev.  William  E. 
McLaren,  D.  D.,  rector  of  Trinity  Church, 
Cleveland,  when  Dr.  McLaren  was  made 
Bishop  of  this  diocese.  Mr.  Smith  was 
then  in  deacon's  orders,  but  the  Bishop, 
knowing  the  worth  of  his  young  curate, 
nominated  him  to  the  rectorship  of  St. 
Mark's.  He  was  elected  by  tht  vestry 
on  the  30th  day  of  January,  1876,  with  the 
understanding  that  he  should  become  rec- 
tor as  soon  as  he  was  advanced  to  priest's 
orders,  for  a  deacon  cannot  be  rector  of  a 
parish.  He  was  advanced  to  the  sacred 
order  of  the  priesthood  on  the  30th  day 
of  January  of  that  year,  and  on  the  14th 
day  of  February — known  as  St.  Valen- 
tine's Day — Mr.  Smith  became  the  rector 
of  this  church.  He  remained  as  rector  for 
about  four  years;  that  is,  until  January, 
1880. 

He  found  the  parish  very  sadly  run 
down.  The  services,  as  has  been  said, 
were  protestant  in  tone  and  unattractive. 
That,  however,  was  characteristic  of  the 
church  services  in  general  throughout  this 
part  of  the  land.  But  the  clergy  and  a 
few  of  the  parishes  were  beginning  to  feel 
the  uplifting  tide  of  Catholic  reform 
which  was  then  spreading  over  England 
and  the  East. 

Immediately  upon  the  coming  of  J. 
Stewart  Smith,  an  improvement  was  seen 


all  along  the  line,  and  no  one  would  wish 
to  go  back  to  the  condition  of  things  that 
prevailed  before  he  accomplished  his  great 
work.  But  his  work  was  not  accom- 
plished without  heroism,  perseverance  and 
indomitable  courage.  Almost  every  im- 
provement that  he  made  in  the  character 
of  the  services  was  opposed  or  criticised 
by  some  section  of  the  parish.  But  he 
was  a  man  whom  nothing  could  discour- 
age, whom  nothing  could  daunt.  The  fact 
is,  the  whole  subject  of  the  Church's  ritual 
on  which  so  much  has  been  said  of  late 
years,  after  all  is  simply  this :  Whether 
we  shall  have  reverent  behavior  in  the 
House  of  God  and  a  decent  adornment  of 
the  House  of  God,  or  whether  we  shall  treat 
God  and  His  House  worse  than  we  treat 
ourselves  and  our  own  domestic  dwell- 
ings. 

A  bare  summary  of  the  chief  restora- 
tions and  improvements  introduced  by 
Mr.  Smith  must  suffice:  He  secured  a 
good  cabinet  organ  in  place  of  the  old 
melodeon.  The  church  was  repaired  and 
decorated  in  as  churchly  a  style  as  the 
limitations  of  the  old  building  would  per- 
mit. A  large  altar  was  placed  in  the 
Sanctuary,  with  cross  and  vases  and 
proper  vestings  for  the  various  seasons 
of  the  Christian  year.  A  credence  was 
procured.  Proper  vestments  were  worn. 
All  Holy  Days  were  duly  observed.  Re- 
quiem masses  were  celebrated.  Services 
and  instructions  were  greatly  multiplied 
and  the  pastoral  care  of  souls  greatly  in- 
creased. 

The  opposition  against  him  was  such  as 
is  always  met  with  when-  a  sleepy  and 
protestant  parish  is  brought  under  the 
leadership  of  a  truly  Catholic  priest.  But 
his  loving  kindness,  his  tact,  and  his  per- 
severance conquered  ;  and  when  finally  he 
left,  the  parish  found  itself  transformed, 
and  has  never  been  willing  to  sink  back 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


371 


I 


into  the  condition  in  which  it  had  pre- 
viously been.  Fatlier  Smith  is  still  living 
and  active,  the  rector  of  St.  Mary's,  Kan- 
sas City.  All  subsequent  rectors  have 
simply  built  upon  the  foundations  that 
he  laid.  If  any  honor  is  due  to  any  rector 
of  this  parish,  it  is  above  all  to  the  Rev. 
J.  Stewart  Smith. 

Aside  from  purely  local  and  parochial 
work.  Mr.  Smith  also  launched  forth  into 
missionary  work  and  Church-extension.  He 
began  the  services  of  the  Church  in  the 
neighboring  villages  of  Winnetka,  Wil- 
mette.  North  Evanston  and  Rogers  Park, 
where,  today,  four  flourishing  churches, 
which  may  be  called  daughters  of  St. 
Mark's,  remain  as  monuments  of  Mr. 
Smith's  zeal  and  devotion.  The  time  had 
not  yet  come  for  starting  a  mission  in  South 
Evanston.  That  was  done  a  few  years 
later. 

Every  year  of  his  rectorship  Mr.  Smith 
presented  good  classes  for  confirmation, 
numbering,  respectively,  sixteen,  eighteen, 
nine  and  seven  per  year — an  average  of 
twelve  a  year  instead  of  four,  which  had 
been  the  previous  average.  After  his  de- 
parture, there  was  a  vacancy  for  about  a 
year,  during  which  time  four  persons  were 
confirmed. 

The  sixth  rector  of  St.  Mark's  was  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Frederick  S.  Jewell,  6th  May, 
1880,  to  August,  1885.  Dr.  Jewell  had 
been  a  Presbyterian  minister,  but  had 
been  converted  to  the  older  Church,  had 
been  confirmed,  ordained  a  deacon  and 
then  advanced  to  the  priesthood.  He  was 
a  Catholic  Churchman  and  a  strong  and 
brilliant  preacher.  His  work  here  for 
about  five  years  was  fruitful.  One  in- 
teresting feature  of  this  rectorship  was 
that,  in  the  year  1882  there  was  organ- 
ized what  was  called  the  "Men's  Guild." 
During  the  five  years  of  its  existence 
the   guild   raised    nearly   $4,000.      It   was 


the  Men's  Guild  that  paid  for  building  the 
north  aisle  of  the  church ;  for  the  enlarge- 
ment of  the  choir,  and  in  large  part  for 
the  purchase  of  the  new  pipe  organ,  which 
was  considered  a  fine  instrument  for  those 
days.  One  of  the  great  objects  of  the 
guild  was  to  promote  fellowship  in  the 
parish,  visit  the  newcomers,  get  acquaint- 
ed with  strangers,  and  support  the  rector 
in  every  one  of  his  works.  The  result 
was  that  everything  in  the  parish  was 
strengthened,  directly  or  indirectly,  by 
the  Men's  Guild.  It  was  during  this  rec- 
torship that  the  mission  in  "South  Evans- 
ton" (now  the  flourishing  parish  of  St. 
Luke's,  Evanston)  was  started,  not  with- 
out the  help  of  Dr.  Jewell  and  the  Men's 
Guild  of  St.  Mark's. 

Dr.  Jewell  was  the  first  to  complete  the 
adornment  of  the  altar  by  placing  upon  it 
altar  lights.  During  his  rectorship  Dr. 
Jewell  presented  classes  for  confirmation 
every  year,  numbering  respectively,  nine, 
four,  fifteen,  nine  and  ten  candidates — 
being  an  average  of  nine  and  one-half  per 
year. 

Dr.  Jewell,  during  the  latter  part  of  his 
rectorship,  also  introduced  some  choral 
services  which  are  now  so  dear  and  up- 
lifting to  the  people  of  the  parish  and  of 
the  community.  Yet,  strange  to  say,  this 
induced  opposition  which  spread  through- 
out the  parish.  After  faithfully  upholding 
the  standard  of  the  Cross  here  for  more 
than  five  years,  the  good  doctor  resigned. 

The  seventh  rector  of  St.  Mark's  was 
the  Rev.  Richard  Hayward,  who  held  the 
rectorship  from  February,  1886,  to  May, 
1888.  He  had  previously  been  a  chaplain  in 
the  United  States  Navy.  He  was  a  sound 
Churchman  and  a  good  preacher.  Two 
notable  events  marked  his  brief  rector- 
ship of  less  than  three  years.  Tht  first 
was  the  successful  introduction  of  the 
vested  choir,  which  took  place  on  Whit- 


2>7^ 


EVANSTON  CHURCH  HISTORY 


Sunday  in  1887,  and  has  been  the  greatest 
blessing  to  the  public  worship  of  the 
Church  ever  since.  The  faithful  and  be- 
loved choirmaster,  Mr.  Robert  Holmes, 
has  been  the  choirmaster  nearly  all  the 
time  since  then. 

The  second  notable  event  in  the  rector- 
ship of  Mr.  Hayward  was  the  revival  of 
the  scheme  of  building  a  new  church  and  a 
rectory.  Ten  thousand  dollars  (or  nearly 
that)  were  pledged,  payal:)lc  as  soon  as  the 
church  should  be  begun.  During  his  rec- 
torship Mr.  Hayward  presented  three 
classes  for  confirmation,  numbering  re- 
spectively, four,  thirteen  and  ten — an  av- 
erage of  nine  a  year.  When  Mr.  Hayward 
left  in  May,  1888,  for  about  six  months 
the  parish  was  vacant,  but  was  chiefly 
in  charge  of  a  faithful  priest,  the  Rev. 
Walter  H.  Moore,  afterwards  dean  of 
Ouincy. 

The  eighth  rector  of  St.  Mark's  was  a 
young  priest  from  the  diocese  of  Maine, 
the  Rev.  Arthur  W.  Little.  Mr.  Little 
had  been  for  seven  years  rector  of  St. 
Paul's,  Portland  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Cathedral  Chapter  and  of  the  Stand- 
ing Committee  of  the  Diocese;  had  repre- 
sented Maine  in  the  General  Convention 
of  1886,  and  was  well  known  as  the  author 
of  a  popular  work  entitled  "Ixeasons  for 
Being  a  Churchman."  His  rectorship  be- 
gan on  All  Saints'  Day.  Noveml^er  i, 
1888.  He  was  formally  i.istituted  by  the 
Bishop  on  the  i8th  of  November,  being 
the  twent\-fifth  Sunvlay  after  Trinity,  and 
is  still  the  rector  of  the  parish.  In  1895  he 
received  a  doctor's  degree  from  Hobart 
College.  He  has  been  for  many  years 
Examining  Chaplain  to  the  Bishop,  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Missions  and  of 
the  Standing  Committee  of  the  Diocese, 
and  Lecturer  on  Ecclesiastical  History  in 
the   Western   Theological    Seminary.      Still 


later  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  General  Con- 
\cntion   in    1904. 

Mr.  Little  Ft  once  began  to  push  for- 
ward the  building  of  the  new  church, 
A  desirable  lot  on  the  corner  of  Ridge 
Avenue  and  Grove  Street  was  bought  and 
paid  for.  \  beautiful  stone  ciiurch  of 
early  English  type,  designed  by  the  dis- 
tinguished architects,  Holabird  &  Roche, 
was  built.  The  corner-stone  was  laid  by 
the  Bishop  on  the  Sunday  after  Ascen- 
sion, May  18,  1900.  The  first  services 
were  held  on  Easter  Day,  March  29, 
n;oi.  ( )n  tiie  following  Wednesday,  at  a 
high  celebration  of  the  Holy  Eucharist, 
at  which  most  of  the  clergy  of  the  diocese 
were  present,  an  office  of  Benediction  was 
said  by  the  Bishop,  the  Rt.  Rev.  William 
E.  McLaren.  D.  D.,  D.  C.  L.,  who  also 
preached  the  sermon.  At  evensong  the 
Rt.  Rev.  George  F.  Seymour,  D.  D.,  LL. 
D.,  Bishop  of  Springfield,  preached.  On 
St.  Mark's  Day,  April  25,  1895,  the  church, 
including  the  chapel  of  St.  Mary,  in  the 
north  choir  aisle,  being  entirely  free  from 
debt,  was  solemnly  consecrated  by  the 
Bishop  in  a  splendid  and  memorable 
service. 

This  was  the  last  public  service  at 
which  the  venerable  Charles  Comstock. 
for  thirty  years  the  Senior  Warden  and 
constant  benefactor  of  the  parish,  was 
present.  He  died  on  the  5th  of  the  fol- 
lowing September,  in  the  eighty-second 
year  of  his  age. 

In  1899  a  commodious  rectory  or  par- 
sonage was  bougl't  on  Ridge  Avenue, 
near  the  church.  A  beautiful  Rood  Se- 
rene, of  carved  oak.  separating  the  choir 
from  the  nave,  was  placed  in  the  church 
in  1899.  as  a  memorial  to  the  late  Franklin 
G.  lieach.  The  church  contains  some  beau- 
tiful vvindn\vs  of  the  best  English  stained 
glass,  made  by  Ward  &  Hughes  of  Lou- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


37.5 


don.  The  great  east  window  over  the 
high  altar,  representing  The  Institution 
of  the  Holy  Eucharist,  is  considered  the 
finest  example  of  stained  glass  in  the 
West.  It  is  a  memorial  to  the  late  Frank- 
lin G.  Beach  and  Elizabeth,  his  wife.  The 
windows  in  the  north  aisle  depict  scenes 
fiom  the  Old  Testament,  and  those  in 
the  south  aisle  from  the  New. 

In  the  fall  of  1891  a  superb  chime  of 
nine  bells  was  placed  in  the  tower  of  the 
church,  along  with  an  automatic  attach- 
ment for  playing  the  beautiful  "West- 
minster changes"  at  the  quarter  hours. 
The  following  Latin  inscription  was  cast 
on  the  great  bell : 

A.  M.  D.  G. 

AEDI  PAROCHIAEQUE  SANCTI 

MARCI  ME,  OCTO  CUM  ALUS  CAM- 

PANIS,  GRATO    CORDE   DEBIT 

AMICUS  MENSE  SEPTEMBRE, 

MDCCCCI, 

RDO.  ARTURO  W.  LITTLE,  L.  H.  D., 

PAROCHO. 

LAUDE  SONO  DOMINI;  POPULUM 

VOCO  AD  OSTIA  CAELI. 

(To  the  greater  glory  of  God.  To  the 
church  and  parish  of  St.  Mark's,  a  friend, 
out  of  a  grateful  heart,  gave  me,  along 
with  eight  other  bells,  in  the  month  of 
September,  1901,  during  the  rectorship  of 
the  Rev.  Arthur  W.  Little,  L.  H.  D.  I  re- 
sound with  the  praise  of  the  Lord:  I  sum- 
mon the  people  to  the  gates  of  heaven.) 

The  parish  during  1903  erected  a  large 
and  beautiful  Guild  Hall  or  Parish  House, 
adjoining  the  church,  for  the  use  of  the 
Sunday  School,  and  the  various  guilds  and 
other  charitable  and  social  organizations 
of  the  parish. 

During  the  rectorship  of  Dr.  Little  the 
church  has  enjoyed  a  steady  and  healthy 
growth  in  numbers  and  influence  and  in 
all  departments  of  worship  and  of  work, 


especially  in  the  cause  of  missions  and 
charities.  In  the  seventeen  years  of  his 
rectorship  Dr.  Little  has  presented  five 
hundred  and  ten  candidates  for  con- 
firmation, being  an  average  of  thirty 
a  year.  In  the  previous  twenty-three  years, 
one  hundred  and  sixty  were  confirmed — 
making  six  hundred  and  seventy  confirma- 
tions in  the  forty  years  of  parish  life. 

In  the  summer  of  1904  a  superb  marble 
altar  and  reredos  were  presented  to  St. 
Mark's  by  the  children  of  the  late  Senior 
Warden,  Charles  Comstock,  as  a  memorial 
to  him  and  his  beloved  wife,  and  to  their 
daughter-in-law,  Eleanora  K.  Comstock. 

In  1905  the  interior  of  the  choir  and 
sanctuary  was  rebuilt  of  massive  carved 
stone,  the  walls  of  the  clear-story  being  cov- 
ered with  gold.  The  efifect  is  very  fine. 
This  was  the  gift  of  Mr.  William  C.  Com- 
stock, and  is  a  memorial  to  his  beloved  wife, 
Eleanora  K.  Comstock. 

The  year  1905  also  witnessed  the  organ- 
ization of  the  Men's  Club  of  St.  Mark's,  a 
society  for  literary  and  social  as  well  as  for 
ecclesiastical  purposes.  It  has  had  one 
prosperous  year  under  the  presidency  of 
Mr.  William  B.  Bogert.  The  President  for 
1906-7  is  Mr.  William  S.  Powers.  Any  citi- 
zen of  Evanston  is  eligible  to  membership 
in  this  club. 

St.  Mark's  is  a  strong  and  united  parish. 
It  numbers  among  its  adherents  some  of 
the  best  citizens  of  Evanston,  and  has 
the  respect  and  esteem  of  the  community. 

A  few  items  from  the  last  Parochial 
Report  —  May,  1906  —  must  close  this 
sketch : 

St.  Mark's. 

Rector,  Dr.  Arthur  W.  Little. 

Church  Wardens,  Messrs.  Henry  S. 
Slaymaker  and  Edward  H.  Buehler. 

Members,  about  1,500. 

Communicants,  775. 

\'alue  of  property,  about  $125,000. 


374 


EVANSTON  CHURCH  HISTORY 


St.  Matthew's  Mission.' — The  first  serv- 
ice in  connection  with  the  starting  of  "St. 
Matthew's"  Mission  was  held  in  the  pub- 
lic school-house  and  was  conducted  by 
the  Rev.  J.  Stewart  Smith.  Rector  of  "St. 
Mark's,"  Evanston,  on  Sunday,  May  14, 
1876.  Services  were  maintained  every 
third  Sunday  until  1878,  when  these  were 
discontinued.  The  Sunday  School  was 
organized  September  8,  1878,  soon  finding 
a  home  in  the  house  of  Mr.  T.  A.  Turner. 
March  7,  1878,  a  Sunday  evening  service 
was  begun  in  the  same  place.  This  con- 
tinued until  January,  1880. 

After  Mr.  Smith's  departure  from  St. 
Mark's,  lay-readers  conducted  the  service. 
In  1862,  May  21st,  a  lot  was  donated  by 
Mr.  Jenks,  and  by  July  I,  1883,  the  church 
building  was  ready  for  occupancy.  It  was 
in  May  of  this  year  that  the  Mission  was 
duly  organized,  being  put  in  charge  of  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Jewell,  rector  of  St.  Mark's. 

The  Rev.  George  B.  Whitney  was  ap- 
pointed priest  in  charge  June  24,  1883, 
having  also  in  his  care  Christ  Church, 
Winnetka.  Mr.  Whitney  remained  in 
charge  until  November  i,  1885.  Through 
the  kindness  of  friends  in  St.  Mark's  and 
elsewhere,  the  indebtedness  on  the  build- 
ing was  cancelled,  and  the  church  conse- 
crated by  the  Rt.  Rev.  William  E.  Mc- 
Laren, D.  D.,  Bishop  of  Chicago,  October 
30,  1884. 

The  years  following  the  departure  of 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Whitney  were  marked  by 
various  and  ofttimes  trying  experiences, 
but  the  life  was  maintained  by  the  faith- 
ful women  of  the  Mission  and  the  assist- 
ance of  students  from  the  Western 
Theological  Seminary,  the  Rev.  John  C. 
Sage,  now  of  St.  John's,  Dubuque,  serving 
in  this  capacity  for  a  year.  He  left  in 
September,  1870,  and  on  November  2,  of 
the  same  year,  the  Rev.  H.  R.  Neely  took 
charge,   remaining  until  May,   1897.     In 


the  fall  of  1897  the  Rev.  H.  C.  Granger, 
at  that  time  assistant  at  St.  Peter's,  Chi- 
cago, was  given  charge  of  "St.  Mat- 
thew's ;"  he  is  still  the  incumbent. 

Several  fitting  memorials  have  recently 
been  placed  in  the  church,  such  as  a  pair  of 
three-branch  candlesticks  for  the  altar,  in 
memory  of  the  late  Mr.  C.  O.  Ferris,  and  a 
beautiful  oak  lecturn. 

W'hile  credit  is  due  to  many  kind  friends 
for  their  undiminished  interest  in  St. 
Matthew's  during  all  these  years — es- 
pecially to  the  rectors  of  St.  Mark's,  Ev- 
anston— it  is  not  too  much  to  say  that 
among  the  names  deserving  of  very  par- 
ticular mention  are  those  of  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  T.  A.  Turner,  by  whose  unceasing 
and  loving  care  the  lamp,  once  lighted, 
was  never  suflfered  to  go  out. 

From  the  Parochial  Report  of  St.  Mat- 
thew's Mission.  May,  1906: 

Priest  in  charge,  the  Rev.  Henry  C. 
Granger. 

Members,  200. 

Communicants,  70. 

Estimated  value  of  property,  $3,000. 

St.  Luke's  Parish.^ — St.  Luke's  Church 
was  organized  as  a  mission  early  in  July. 
1885,  and  the  first  service  was  held  in 
Ducat's  Hall.  In  August  a  store  was 
rented  on  Chicago  Avenue  and  fitted  up 
for  use  of  the  mission.  In  June.  1886,  the 
Rev.  Marcus  Lane,  who  had  been  priest  in 
charge  for  this  first  year,  resigned,  and 
was  succeeded,  August  i,  by  the  Rev. 
Daniel  F.  Smith,  who  continued  in  charge 
until  August  I,  1904. 

In  October,  1886,  ground  was  broken  for 
the  erection  of  a  church  on  the  northeast 
corner  of  Lincoln  Avenue  (now  Main 
Street)  and  Sherman  Avenue.  In  May, 
1887,  this  was  so  far  completed  as  to  be 


iThls  sketch  of  St.  Matthew's  Mission  was  furnished  by 
Rev.  Henry  C.  Granger. 

2The  sketch  of  .St.  Luke's,  up  to  1904.  was  furnished  by  the 
Bev.  D.  F.  Smith,  D.  D. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


375 


available  for  the  services,  though  still 
quite  in  the  rough.  Improvements  have 
been  made  almost  continually,  and  twice 
the  church  has  been  enlarged.  It  was 
solemnly  consecrated  November  lo,  1889, 
being  free  from  debt. 

On  January  I,  1891,  the  mission  was  re- 
organized as  a  parish,  which,  on  May  26 
of  that  year,  was  admitted  into  union  with 
the  Convention  of  the  Diocese  of  Chicago, 
with  the  following  officers:  David  L. 
Thorp,  Josiah  C.  Lane,  Wardens. 

In  twenty-one  years  since  the  organiza- 
tion of  St.  Luke's  the  number  of  communi- 
cants has  increased  from  twenty-seven  to 
four  hundred  and  sixty-two.  The  parish  is 
now  numbered  among  the  stronger  and 
more  active  in  the  diocese,  is  united  and 
piosperous  and  abounds  in  good  works. 

In  1904  the  Rev.  Daniel  F.  Smith,  D.  D., 
resigned,  and  was  elected  rector  emeritus, 
carrying  with  him  the  love  and  esteem  of 
the  people  to  whom  he  had  ministered  so 
faithfully  and  so  long.  He  was  succeeded 
by  the  Rev.  George  Craig  Stewart  who  be- 
came rector  of  St.  Luke's,  August  i,  1904. 
Air.  Stewart  is  an  able  and  energetic 
priest.  Among  the  notable  events  in  the 
history  of  Evanston  during  the  last  two 
years  has  been  the  great  progress  of  St. 
Luke's.  Strong  preaching  on  Catholic 
lines,  improvement  in  the  ritual  and  cere- 
monial of  public  worship,  large  confirma- 
tion classes,  the  organization  of  the  Men's 
Club  of  St.  Luke's,  and  great  parochial  ac- 
tivity are  signs  of  his  progress.  A  large  lot 
has  been  bought  on  the  corner  of  Hinman 
Avenue  and  Lee  Street,  and  plans  had  been 
adopted  for  a  large  and  beautiful  stone 
church,  to  cost,  when  completed,  $125,000. 
The  building  will  be  begun  in  June,  1906, 
and  the  work  will  be  pushed  forward  with 
the  energy  which  characterizes  the  rector 
and  the  people  of  St.  Luke's. 


From  the  Parochial  Report  of  St.  Luke's 
Parish,  May,  1906: 

Rector  Emeritus,  the  Rev.  Daniel  F. 
Smith,  D.  D. 

Rector,  the  Rev.  Geo.  Craig  Stewart. 

Church  Wardens,  Messrs.  C.  H.  Cowper 
and  C.  E.  Dudley. 

Members,  1,000. 

Communicants,  462. 


CATHOLIC  CHURCHES 

(By  FR.  H.  P.  SMYTH) 

Among  the  earliest  settlers  of  Evanston 
were  a  few  Catholic  families.  They  wor- 
shipped either  at  St.  Joseph's  Church, 
Gross  Point,  or  at  St.  Henry's,  High 
Ridge,  according  to  their  convenience. 

However,  in  1864  a  concerted  eflfort 
was  made  to  establish  a  church  in  Evan- 
ston. Accordingly,  on  July  20th  of  that 
year,  the  property  upon  which  St.  Mary's 
Church  now  stands,  corner  of  Lake  Street 
and  Oak  Avenue,  was  purchased ;  the 
deed  being  made  to  "the  Catholic  Bishop 
of  Chicago." 

The  few  families  that  then  constituted 
the  Catholic  population  of  Evanston. 
found  that  the  purchase  of  property  had 
exhausted  their  resources,  leaving  them 
little  hope  of  erecting  a  church  in  the 
near  future-  Yet,  so  confident  were  those 
pioneers  of  the  ultimate  success  of  their 
enterprise,  that,  as  it  were,  burning  the 
bridges  behind  them,  they  had  inserted  in 
the  deed  a  clause  making  the  property 
revertable  to  the  original  owner,  in  the 
event  of  its  being  used  for  other  than 
Catholic  Church  purposes.  This  limita- 
tion of  title,  though  prudent  at  the  time. 
afterwards  gave  trouble ;  and  has  been 
removed  at  considerable  expense  within 
the  last  few  years.  The  few  people  con- 
tinued as  formerly  to  attend  mass,  either 
at  Gross  Point  or  Rose  Hill. 


376 


EVANSTON  CHURCH  HISTORY 


In  1866  the  foundation  of  a  church  was 
laid,  but  it  was  found  impossible,  through 
lack  of  funds,  to  construct  the  edifice  ac- 
cording to  plans.  A-  smaller  structure 
forty  feet  by  twenty,  which  still  stands 
on  the  rear  of  an  adjoining  lot,  was  erected. 
In  this  church  the  small  congregation 
worshipped  for  three  years.  In  1869  the 
little  building  was  moved  south  on  the 
property,  and  work  was  begun  on  another 
structure  according  to  the  original  plan. 
This  second  church  was  finished  towards 
the  close  of  the  year. 

Still  there  was  no  resident  pastor  in 
Evanston.  Father  Heskemann,  of  Gross 
Point,  had  superintended  the  construction 
of  the  first  church,  and,  for  two  years  after 
its  completion,  came  every  alternate  Sun- 
day to  Evanston. 

Early  in  1868,  the  priest  in  residence  at 
Rose  Hill,  Father  Heamers,  succeeded 
Father  Heskemann,  in  charge  of  the  small 
congregation  and  church.  He,  too,  how- 
ever came  only  on  Sundays.  He  con- 
tinued to  minister  to  St-  Mary's,  Evan- 
ston, as  long  as  he  remained  at  Rose 
Hill.  In  1869  or  1870  he  was  succeeded 
in  both  charges,  first  by  Father  Marshall 
and  later  by  Father  Michels,  who  like  their 
predecessor  attended  Evanston  as  a  mis- 
sion from  Rose  Hill. 

During  Father  Heamer's  pastorate  a 
school  was  established,  and  two  nuns  of 
German  birth  taught  and  resided  in  Evan- 
ston for  one  year.  Lay  teachers  were 
emplo}-ed  subsequently. 

In  the  fall  of  1872,  Rev.  M.  Donohue 
came  from  Waukegan  to  St.  ]\Iary's,  Ev- 
anston, as  its  first  resident  pastor.  When 
he  came  he  found  the  church  which  con- 
tmued  to  be  used  for  the  succeeding 
twenty  years,  and  also  the  parochial  resi- 
dence, which  is  occupied  today,  awaiting 
him. 

In  1874  the  Dominican  Sisters  of  Sinsin- 


awa  Mound,  Wis.,  were  invited  to  lake 
charge  of  the  school  which  was  now  estab- 
lished. They  have  continued  to  work  un- 
interruptedly to  the  present. 

Father  Donohue  had.  at  some  time  in 
the  'seventies,  been  created  Rural  Dean 
by  Bishop  Foley,  and,  in  1887,  was  made 
permanent  rector  by  Archbishop  Feehan. 
The  former  title  is  honorary  and,  in  the 
Chicago  archdiocese,  brings  with  it  no  re- 
sponsibility. The  latter  is  more  substan- 
tial and  was  conferred  upon  Father  Don- 
ohue purely  as  a  personal  compliment ; 
the  parish,  as  it  then  was,  not  being  of 
sufficient  importance  to  warrant  the 
honor- 
In  the  same  year,  1887,  Catholics  of 
German  birth  and  blood,  became  suffi- 
ciently numerous  to  support  a  church ; 
and  Archbishop  Feehan  sent  Rev.  Otto 
Greenebaum  to  organize  a  new  congre- 
gation. Father  Greenebaum  came  in 
July,  1887,  and,  in  November  of  the  same 
year,  a  two-story  building,  intended  as  a 
school  and  temporary  church,  was  opened. 
Father  Donohue's  declining  health  com- 
pelled him  to  ask  for  an  assistant,  and,  in 
the  fall  of  1883,  Rev.  W.  J.  McNamee,  who 
had  recently  come  from  Ireland,  was  sent 
to  help  him.  Father  McNamee,  however, 
was  soon  transferred  to  a  more  important 
parish  in  Chicago,  and  his  place  was  filled 
bv  a  priest  from  the  Servite  Church,  Chi- 
cago, who  came  occasionally  as  required. 
This  condition  obtained  until  1888,  when 
Rev.  M.  Foley,  present  pastor  of  St.  Pat- 
rick's church,  Dixon,  came  to  Evanston  as 
assistant  to  Father  Donohue.  In  the  sum- 
mer of  1889,  he  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  P. 
C.  Conway,  who  remained  four  years. 

The  new  St.  Mary's  church  was  begun 
in  1891  and  was  opened  to  worship  in  May, 
1892. 

On  March  12,  1893,  Father  Donohue 
died.     The  formalities  governing  the  sue- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


2,77 


cession  to  an  irremovable  rectorship,  de- 
layed for  some  weeks  the  appointment  of 
a  new  rector.  Toward  the  end  of  April 
the  present  pastor,  Rev.  H.  P.  Smyth, 
was  selected  by  the  Archbishop,  and  on 
May  6,  1893,  -took  possession  of  the  par- 
ish. 

Father  Conway,  who  had  been  acting 
pastor,  was  transferred  to  St.  Mary's 
Church,  Chicago.  On  November  i,  1893, 
Rev.  Thos.  M.  Burke  came  as  an  assistant, 
and  an  out-mission  at  Rogers  Park  was 
immediately  opened-  During  the  follow- 
ing summer  the  present  St.  Jerome's 
church  was  built  and  dedicated.  The  mis- 
sion continued  to  be  attended  from  St. 
Mary's,  Evanston,  until  it  became  im- 
portant enough  to  need  the  attention  of  a 
resident  pastor. 

In  July,  1897,  Father  Greenebaum  died  ; 
and  in  August  of  the  same  year  the  pres- 
ent pastor  of  St.  Nicholas'  Church,  Rev. 
P.  L.  Biermann,  came  to  Evanston.  On 
February  3d,  following,  the  structure 
which  had  for  ten  years  served  as  church 
and  school  was  burned  to  the  ground. 
The  fire  occurred  during  school  hours,  but 
the  children  and  teachers  escaped  in 
safety.  St.  Nicholas'  congregation  then 
again  worshipped  in  St.  Mary's  Church 
for  some  months  during  the  erection  of  the 
present  church  and  school,  which  were 
opened  in  the  spring  of  that  year.  A  hand- 
some parochial  residence  was  also  built 
simultaneously. 

In  the  fall  of  1897  a  Community  of 
\'isitation  Nuns,  twenty-five  in  number 
came  to  Evanston  to  establish  an  Acad- 
emy for  young  ladies.  They  rented  a 
large  residence  on  the  northeast  corner  of 
Davis  Street  and  Wesley  Avenue,  where 
they  resided  for  four  years.  In  1899  they 
purchased  the  tract  of  land  known  as  the 
Freeman  Place  on  Ridge  Avenue,  and  in 
1901    erected    the   south   wing  of   an   im- 


posing structure  designed  for  them  by 
Architect  Schlaachs.  They  took  possession 
of  the  building  on  the  eve  of  Thanksgiv- 
ing Day,  1901. 

In  the  autumn  of  1900,  Fathers  Smyth 
and  Biermann,  acting  for  the  Franciscan 
Sisters,  purchased  the  Kirk  Mansion  and 
grounds  on  Ridge  Avenue  in  South  Evan- 
ston, and  on  December  ist  of  the  same 
year,  the  nuns  took  possession  of  it.  The 
mansion  was,  in  1901,  fitted  up  as  a  hos- 
pital and  patients  were  received.  In  De- 
cember of  the  same  year  the  Catholics 
of  both  parishes  came  together  to  estab- 
lish "The  St.  Francis'  Hospital  Auxiliary 
Association" 

The  growing  needs  of  St.  Mary's 
Church  necessitated  the  purchase  of  a  lot 
adjoining  the  church  property  in  January, 
1807.  I"  June,  1900,  Rev.  Thomas 
Egan  came  to  fill  the  place  of  the  pastor 
who  was  setting  out  on  an  extended  tour 
through  Europe  and  the  Orient.  On  the 
return  of  Father  Burke,  who  is  now  trav- 
eling, as  we  write,  it  is  the  purpose  to 
have  three  priests  at  St.  Mary's. 

The  Catholic  Church  of  Evanston  has 
not  grown  as  rapidly  as  the  church  in 
Chicago  and  its  other  suburbs,  yet  there 
has  been  considerable  growth.  A  census, 
taken  in  the  interest  of  church  work  in 
the  summer  of  1900  gave  the  Catholic  pop- 
ulation about  3,400.  It  would  seem  that 
was  somewhat  of  an  exaggeration.  The 
question  put  by  the  canvassers  bore  upon 
preference  rather  than  affiliation.  It  has 
been  ascertained  that  some  expressed  a 
preference  for  St.  Mary's  who  have  no 
affiliation  with  it-  But.  today,  as  we  write, 
February,  1902,  we  are  safe  in  saying  that 
the  Catholics  of  Evanston  number  at  least 
3,400.  These  are  of  various  nationalities. 
Those  of  Irish  and  German  blood  predom- 
inate. Besides  these,  there  are  English, 
French,  Scandinavian,  Italian,  Greek  and 


378 


EVANSTON  CHURCH  HISTORY 


Dutch.  Nearly  all  European  nationalities 
are  represented.  These  attend  two 
churches  and  support  two  schools,  with 
six  hundred  pupils.  There  are  five  priests 
and  four  communities  of  nuns. 

The  Dominicans,  eleven  in  number, 
teach  St.  Mary's  Parochial  School ;  six 
Sisters  of  St.  Agnes  have  charge  of  St. 
Nicholas'  School ;  seven  Franciscan  nuns 
take  care  of  the  new  Hospital,  and,  in  the 
Visitation  Convent  and  Academy,  there  is 
a  community  of  about  thirty  nuns. 

Recent  Changes. — In  bringing  the  story 
of  Catholic  work  in  Evanston  down  to  date 
(May,  1906),  we  have  a  few  important 
changes  to  note :  Rev.  Thomas  M.  Burke 
was  intrusted  by  the  Archbishop  of  Chicago 
with  the  formation  of  a  new  parish  in  Chi- 
cago, and  Rev.  P.  J.  Hennessy  came  to  suc- 
ceed him  at  St.  Mary's  June,  1903.  Rev. 
L.  J-  Maiworm  came  to  assist  at  St.  Nicho- 
las' church  in  1902.  In  the  spring  of  1904, 
ground  was  broken  for  the  new  St.  ]\Iary's 
School,  which  was  ready  for  occupancy  in 
the  following  September.  Later  the  new 
parochial  residence  was  commenced.  On  its 
completion  in  the  s])ring  of  the  present  year 
(1906)  the  old  presbytery,  which  had  done 
service  for  thirty-five  years,  was  removed. 
The  splendid  new  Gothic  church  of  St. 
Nicholas'  Parish,  begun  over  a  year  ago,  is 
approaching  completion  as  we  write. 


FIRST  CONGREGATIONAL  CHURCH 

(By  REV.  JEAN  FKEDKKIC  LOBA) 

The  very  first  Congregational  Church 
in  Evanston  was  organized  on  December 
8,  1859.  A  preliminary  meeting  had  been 
held  to  consider  the  possibility  of  such  a 
step  on  November  13,  1859,  and  another 
preparatory  to  organization  the  week  fol- 
lowing;   but  the  final  step  was  taken  on 


the  first  date  above  mentioned,  when,  by 
a  council  called  for  that  purpose,  meet- 
ing in  the  Chapel  of  the  Northwestern 
University,  the  Church  was  organized, 
consisting  of  five  members.  Of  this  coun- 
cil the  Rev.  W.  W.  Patton,  pastor  of  the 
First  Church  of  Chicago,  was  Moderator, 
and  E.  W.  Blatchford,  Esq.,  was  scribe. 
A.  T.  Sherman  was  clerk,  and  S.  S.  Whit- 
ney and  Isaac  D.  Guyer  were  deacons  of 
the  Church.  During  the  six  months  of  the 
following  year  (i860),  the  membership 
was  increased  to  eleven  members,  and  it 
is  interesting  to  note  that  of  these  only 
seven  were  originally  Congregationalists, 
the  others  coming  from  diflferent  denom- 
inations. 

This  first  Congregational  Church  at- 
tained to  no  strength  nor  did  it  long  con- 
tinue to  exist.  In  the  records  of  that 
Church,  kept  by  Mr.  Sherman,  we  find  a 
note  to  the  effect  that,  on  June  15,  i860, 
at  a  meeting  of  the  Church,  it  was  re- 
solved :  "That  as  so  many  of  the  mem- 
bers contemplated  removing  from  the 
place,  the  services  could  not  be  sustained, 
and  that  the  clerk  be  authorized  to  grant 
letters  to  any  who  might  desire  them."  A 
final  note  informs  us  that  letters  were 
granted  by  the  clerk  to  all  except  him- 
self, he  keeping  up  the  organization  by 
paying  the  annual  assessment  to  the  Asso- 
ciation until  the  year  1865,  at  which  time 
the  organization  was  suspended,  as  he 
saw  no  hope  of  reviving  the  church.  This 
is  the  pathetic  little  story  of  an  early 
effort  to  organize  a  Congregational 
Church  in  the  weak,  scattered  and  un- 
settled conditions  of  the  early  days  of 
Evanston. 

There  was,  however,  a  growing  sense 
of  the  need  of  such  a  church,  for  in  that 
same  year,  as  we  learn  from  the  late  L. 
H.  Boutell,  "One  Sunday  afternoon  in  the 
summer  of  1865,  as  I  was  sitting  in  the 


I 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


379 


library  of  Dr.  Bannister,  that  large  hearted 
man  suggested  the  propriety  and  feasi- 
bility of  forming  a  Congregational  Church 
in  Evanston.  That  suggestion  bore  fruit 
in  the  autumn  of  that  jxar  when,  on  the 
6th  of  November,  a  few  families  met  at 
the  house  of  Francis  Bradley  and  organ- 
ized a  weekly  prayer  meeting,  out  of 
which  grew  the  Lake  Avenue  Church,  an 
independent  organization  composed  of 
Congregationalists  and  Presbyterians." 

In  1868  this  Lake  Avenue  Church  or- 
ganized the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of 
Evanston  from  which,  in  1869,  the  Con- 
gregationalist  members  withdrew  with  per- 
fect good  feeling  on  both  sides;  so  that 
this  Lake  Avenue  Church,  it  seems,  did 
not  long  continue  its  existence,  but,  in 
turn,  became  the  mother  of  at  least  two  of 
the  present  churches  of  Evanston — the 
First  Congregational  and  the  First  Pres- 
byterian. A  little  later  on  Mr.  Boutell 
narrates:  "The  twenty-two  persons  who. 
on  the  first  day  of  August,  1866,  gathered 
in  .the  Baptist  Church,  which  then  stood 
on  the  corner  of  Church  street  and  Hin- 
man  Avenue,  to  form  the  Lake  Avenue 
Church,  little  thought  that,  in  so  short  a 
time,  two  strong  churches  would  be  the 
outcome  of  an  enterprise  so  insignificant." 

It  is  a  very  singular  fact  that,  so  soon 
after  the  disbanding  of  the  First  Congre- 
gational Church  under  what  seemed  to  be 
hopeless  conditions,  a  new  organization, 
covering  practically  the  same  ground  and 
on  the  same  basis,  should  spring  up  under 
such  auspicious  circumstances.  The  pa- 
thetic final  note  of  the  clerk  of  that  first 
church  affords  us  a  loop-hole  through 
which  we  may  see  the  very  uncertain  and 
changeable  conditions  of  the  population 
of  Evanston  at  that  time. 

W^hen  in  August,  1869,  the  Congrega- 
tionalists withdrew  from  the  Lake  Avenue 
Church,    they    left    the    property    in    the 


hands  of  the  majority  who  were  Presby- 
terians. The  winter  of  1869-1870,  or  three 
months  thereof,  was  spent  chiefly  in  or- 
ganizing a  Congregational  group,  the  for- 
mal organization  taking  place  upon  the 
8th  of  September,  1869,  and  recognition 
by  Council  on  January  13,  1870. 

During  these  early  and  formative  years, 
it  is  interesting  to  note  the  spirit  of  har- 
mony, fellowship  and  co-operation  among 
the  different  denominational  representa- 
tives in  Evanston  which  has  subsisted  to 
the  present  time.  The  first  suggestion  of 
a  Congregational  Church  seems  to  have 
originated  with  the  earnest  Methodist,  Dr. 
Bannister.  The  first  meetings  of  the 
Congregationalists  were  held  in  the 
Chapel  of  the  Northwestern  L^niversity, 
which  then  was  the  only  building  of  that 
institution.  These  services  were  con- 
ducted by  different  pastors  and  teachers, 
prominent  among  whom  were  such  men 
as  Dr.  Bannister,  Dr.  Hemenway,  E.  O. 
Haven,  President  of  the  L'niversity,  and 
others. 

Mr.  Luther  D.  Bradley,  who,  as  a 
youth,  was  present  at  these  early  meet- 
ings of  the  Congregational  Church,  thus 
writes  of  them :  "The  prayer-meeting  in 
our  little  front  room  I  remember  very 
well,  but  the  one  at  the  Baptist  Church 
but  dimh- ;  but  there  was  one  season  of 
services  which  is  very  fresh  in  my  mind — 
that  during  which  Dr.  Hemenway 
preached  for  us.  These  services  were  held 
in  the  old  chapel  of  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity. The  sole  building  of  those  days  was 
the  old  frame  structure,  now  standing  on 
the  campus  north  of  the  Preparatory — or, 
as  I  believe  they  call  it,  the  'Old  College' 
— building.  The  structure  was  then 
standing  on  the  northwest  corner  of  Davis 
Street  and  Hinman  Avenue,  fronting 
south.  The  east  room  on  the  ground 
floor  was  the  chapel,  a  plain  old   room 


38o 


EVANSTON  CHURCH  HISTORY 


with  fixed  pews  of  pine,  painted  a  drab 
color,  with  blackboards  around  the  walls. 
Here  the  meetings  were  held  on  Sunday 
afternoons,  and  here,  I  think,  Mr.  Duncan, 
the  first  pastor  of  the  church,  began  his 
work.  I  think  some  mention  must  be 
made  of  Mr.  Duncan,  both  on  account 
of  his  importance  as  the  first  settled  min- 
ister of  the  church,  and  also  because  of  his 
very  picturesque  personality.  He  was  a 
Scotch-Canadian,  a  very  agreeable  preach- 
er and  good  man,  but  not  exactly  like  any 
of  his  people  and  not  precisely  at  home  in 
the  community. 

"I  remember  that  some  of  the  most 
telling  sermons  that  were  preached  in  the 
old  chapel  at  this  time  were  by  Dr.  S.  C. 
Bartlett,  later  President  of  Dartmouth 
College,  who  filled  the  pulpit  for  a  few 
Sundays,  though  this  was  before  Mr. 
Duncan's  arrival." 

However  uncertain,  interrupted  and  in- 
adequately recorded  were  these  early 
steps  toward  organization,  they  all  crys- 
tallized on  the  13th  of  January,  1870,  into 
the  First  Congregational  Church  of  Evan- 
ston.  Very  few  of  the  early  members  now 
survive.  But  the  roll  of  the  church  of  that 
time  contained  some  noble  names  such  as 
those  of  Francis  Bradley,  L.  H.  Boutell, 
Rev.  D.  Crosby  Green  (now  and  for  many 
years  a  missionary  in  Japan),  Heman 
Powers,  J.  M.  Williams,  Orvis  French, 
besides  many  others  who  won  for 
themselves  enviable  reputations  as  men 
and  women  of  character,  of  more  than 
usual  intelligence,  of  capacity,  energy  and 
a  wide-reaching  influence. 

Immediately  upon  the  organization  of 
the  First  Church,  it  called,  and  on  the  13th 
day  of  January,  1870,  installed  its  first 
regular  pastor,  the  Rev.  Edward  N.  Pack- 
ard, D.  D.,  now  of  Syracuse,  N.  Y.  The 
University  again  granted  the  new  church  a 
lot  on   which  to  erect  a  suitable  structure 


for  worship.  Mr.  Dorr  A.  Kimball  gives  its 
an  interesting  sketch  of  the  method  by 
which  the  lot  on  which  the  present  church 
edifice  stands,  became  Congregational  prop- 
erty. He  says :  "At  that  time  the  lot  on 
which  this  church  edifice  is  located,  was 
a  little  park  originally  given  to  the  Village 
of  Evanston  by  the  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity, to  be  used  for  Park  purposes  only. 
Immediately  after  the  meeting  held  at  Mr. 
Green's  residence  for  the  organization  of 
a  Congregational  Society,  our  trustees 
had  made  a  very  satisfactory  arrangement, 
which  was  this :  On  payment  of  the  sum 
of  $600  to  the  Milage  Trustees,  they  va- 
cated the  park  and,  the  title  reverting  to 
the  University,  they  persuaded  the  Uni- 
versity Trustees  to  deed  the  property  to 
the  First  Congregational  Society  without 
further  compensation."  Upon  this  lot, 
then  the  trustees  having  secured  $6,000  as 
a  building  fund,  "General  Julius  White 
moved  that  they  proceed  to  build  a  church 
edifice  costing  not  less  than  $10,000." 
From  Mr.  Kimball's  sketch,  it  would  ap- 
pear that  they  "succeeded  in  getting  the 
lecture  room  completed  in  July,  1869  ,and 
the  main  auditorium  was  wholly  com- 
pleted in  the  month  of  January,  1870." 
This  ten  thousand  dollar  church,  how- 
ever, was  to  cost  the  little  society  not 
far  from  $25,000,  leaving  them  with  a 
debt  of  $7,000,  with  interest  at  nine  and 
ten  per  cent. 

The  maintenance  of  a  church  'during 
these  days  of  poverty  and  struggle  was 
not  all  smooth  sailing,  for  in  1871  came 
the  Chicago  fire  which  impoverished 
many  of  its  members,  and  immediately 
thereafter  one  of  the  greatest  financial 
panics  that  this  nation  has  ever  experi- 
enced swept  over  the  country  bringing 
financial  ruin  and  distress  upon  many 
households.  With  self-sacrifice  and  stern 
resolution     the     society     and     the     church 


II 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


381 


held  on,  although  it  required  the  wisest 
management  to  meet  current  expenses 
and  keep  up  interest  on  the  bonded  debt. 
In  March,  1879,  Dr.  Packard  resigned  to 
accept  a  call  to  a  church  in  Boston.  He 
was  succeeded,  September  loth,  of  the 
same  year,  b}'  Rev.  A.  J.  Scott.  In  1885 
the  church  edifice  was  enlarged,  repaired 
and  in  part  refurnished  at  a  cost  of  $5,000. 
greatly  increasing  the  seating  capacity. 
On  the  night  of  Xovember  23,  1884,  after 
the  first  service  in  the  renovated  church, 
the  entire  edifice  was  destroyed  by  fire. 
The  ne.xt  morning,  as  the  friends  gathered 
about  the  smoking  ruins,  sums  of  money 
were  at  once  pledged  toward  rebuilding. 
These  sums,  together  with  the  insurance 
of  $25,000,  enabled  the  trustees  to  proceed 
at  once  to  the  erection  of  a  new  edifice. 
Before  the  fire  was  extinguished,  invita- 
tions had  been  received  from  the  trustees 
of  the  First  Methodist,  Presbyterian  and 
Baptist  Churches  to  use  their  buildings 
on  Sabbath  afternoons  and  for  social 
meetings  as  they  might  desire.  Similar 
invitations  were  also  received  from  the 
Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union, 
to  occupy  Union  Hall  free  of  charge,  and 
the  Northwestern  University  again  gener- 
ously offered  Heck  Hall  on  the  same 
terms.  The  new  structure  was  completed 
and  dedicated  upon  the  nth  of  April, 
1886,  and  has  continued  in  use  ever  since. 
From  the  very  earliest  days  the  church 
has  been  marked  by  a  spirit  of  harmony 
and  benevolence.  When  it  numbered  less 
than  fifty  members  it  erected  and  fur- 
nished its  own  church  building  at  a  cost 
of  about  $25,000.  Before  the  burden  of 
this  debt  was  fully  removed,  it  enlarged 
and  im])roved  this  building  at  a  cost  of 
$8,000.  In  1884,  it  erected  and  furnished 
the  present  edifice  at  a  cost  of  over  $50,- 
000.  During  this  time  its  current  expenses 
increased  from  $3,000  to  $10,000  a  year. 


During  the  first  twenty-five  years  its  be- 
nevolences to  Home  and  Foreign  jNIissions 
aggregated  $103,854,  making  an  average 
of  $4,154  a  year.  One  of  its  first  mem- 
bers has  been  himself  a  missionary  to 
Japan  for  forty  years.  One  of  the  most 
earnest  and  devoted  Japanese  Christians 
was  baptized  in  this  church  and  returned 
as  a  preacher  to  his  own  people  in  Japan. 

In  1886,  on  the  resignation  of  Rev.  A.  J. 
Scott,  the  Rev.  Nathan  H.  Whittlesey, 
D.  D.,  was  called  to  the  pastorate,  which 
continued  harmonious  and  unbroken  until 
May  I,  1892.  In  October  of  the  latter 
year,  Rev.  Jean  Frederic  Loba,  D.  D., 
was  called  and  installed  November  17, 
1892. 

During  more  than  thirty  years  the 
church  has  been  characterized,  first  of  all. 
by  a  spirit  of  harmony.  No  serious  dis- 
sensions have  ever  existed  among  its 
members,  and,  whenever  any  misunder- 
standings have  arisen,  they  have  quickly 
been  adjusted  and  smoothed  away.  It  has 
stood  for  a  perfectly  simple  evangelical 
faith,  its  present  articles  of  faith  being 
the  ones  which  were  adopted  by  the  Lake 
Avenue  Church  in  which  Dr.  Francis 
Bradley  characteristically  substituted  the 
word  "privilege"  for  "duty."  It  has  ever 
shown  interest  in  every  form  of  philan- 
thropic benevolence.  It  was  among  the 
first  supporters  and  benefactors  of  the 
city  settlement  movement.  Its  interest 
in  education  has  been  shown  by  its  hearty 
sympathy  and  co-operation  with  the 
Northwestern  University.  Its  benevo- 
lences have  been  unstinted  and  generous. 
During  the  year  1901  these  exceeded  its 
home  expenses  by  $1,500,  and  during  the 
-N'ear  1905  they  aggregated  over  $13,000. 
It  has  been  foremost  in  its  love  of 
all  that  was  tasteful  and  artistic  in 
its  form  of  worship,  having  been  gen- 
erous    in     its     expenditure     for    the     best 


382 


EVANSTON  CHURCH  HISTORY 


church  music.  A  chapter  might  well 
be  written  upon  the  history  of  its  devo- 
tion to  sacred  music.  Many  of  its  singers 
and  organists  were  artists  of  the  highest 
rank.  For  the  first  ten  years  of  its  ex- 
istence the  expense  for  music  was  from 
$331  to  $1,912  a  year,  making  an  annual 
average  of  about  $1,295.  From  1890  to 
1895  the  average  was  $2,390  a  year,  and 
the  total  cost  of  music  from  1880  to  1895 
was  $24,759. 

The  church  has  been  interested  in  city 
missions  and  has  been  a  liberal  supporter 
of  the  Chicago  City  Missionary  Society. 
For  two  years  it  supported  an  inde- 
pendent mission  on  Halsted  Street.  In 
1894  it  purchased  a  lot  on  the  west  side 
of  Evanston  on  which  it  erected  a  sub- 
stantial and  neat  house  of  worship.  For 
this,  on  one  Sabbath,  $4,800  were  sub- 
scribed and  a  thousand  dollars  more  se- 
cured for  lot  and  structure.  Here  it 
co-operated  with  a  small  congregation  in 
the  support  of  a  pastor,  so  that  it  may  be 
truly  said  that  the  church,  while  inter- 
ested in  foreign  missions,  has  never  neg- 
lected home  culture  and  home  benevo- 
lences. In  1903  it  was  thought  best  to  dis- 
continue this  work  or  place  it  in  other 
hands,  and  the  property  was  sold  to  the 
Christian  Church  by  which  a  flourishing 
church  organization  is  now  conducted. 
The  proceeds  of  this  sale  were  donated  to 
the  Chicago  City  Missionary  Society  for  its 
endowment  fund. 

During  i(]05  and  1906  the  Church  has 
contributed  about  $2,500  per  year  through 
the  Chicago  City  Missionary  Society,  for 
the  support  of  Bethesda  Mission  in  Chicago, 
besides  furnishing  some  eighteen  or  twenty 
teachers  and  officers  in  the  various  branches 
of  this  work.  It  has  also  an  active  interest 
in  a  promising  mission  at  Rose  Hill,  in 
Chicago. 

Charity  has  begun  at  home,  but  it  has 


not  stopped  there.  The  church  has  always 
maintained  a  most  cordial  relation  with  the 
sister  churches  in  Evanston  and,  with  them, 
has  always  been  ready  to  co-operate  in 
every  religious,  social  and  civic  effort  for 
the  improvement  of  the  higher  life  of  our 
city.  Its  six  hundred  members  are  now 
thoroughly  organized  for  work  in  and  out 
of  its  own  organization.  Its  Sabbath  School 
of  about  350  scholars  has  long  been  one  of 
the  most  prosperous  and  thoroughly 
equipped  in  the  city,  being  carefully 
graded  into  primary,  intermediate  and 
senior  schools,  each  with  a  competent 
head  of  department. 

The  benevolences  of  the  Church  are 
fostered  and  directed  by  the  Home,  For- 
eign and  Young  Ladies'  Missionary  So- 
cieties ;  to  which  should  also  be  added 
the  missionary  departments  of  the  Young 
People's  Society  of  Christian  Endeavor 
and  the  Light-Bearers. 

Grateful  for  its  history  and  successes, 
the  Church  goes  forward  full  of  faith  and 
hope,  assured  that  its  Master,  who  has  in- 
stituted and  prospered  it  thus  far,  will 
lead  it  to  yet  larger  successes. 


LUTHERAN  CHURCHES 

(By  REV.  J.  D.  MATTHIUS) 

German  Evangelical  Lutheran  Bethle- 
hem Church. — It  was  in  the  year  1872, 
when  a  small  number  of  Germans,  liv- 
ing in  Evanston  and  professing  faith  in 
the  religion  of  Martin  Luther,  first  assem- 
bled for  regular  Evangelical  Lutheran  ser- 
vices. They  did  not  possess  a  house  of 
worship,  so  they  met  in  those  little  cabins 
down  on  Clark  Street,  near  the  locality  of 
the  present  Electric  Light  plant.  Several 
of  the  first  Lutheran  pioneers  had  settled 
in  that  neighborhood.  A  pastor  they 
found  in  Rev.  A.  H.  Reinke,  of  Chicago. 
He  agreed  to  come  to  quiet  little  Evan- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


383 


ston  on  Sunday  evenings  and  preach 
God's  message  to  the  attentive  Httle  group 
which  was  seated  on  up-turned  wash-tubs, 
laundry-benches,  and  whatever  could  be 
used  as  stool  or  pew.  The  majority  of 
this  small  congregation  had  emigrated  from 
the  "Old  Country."  Having  become  tired 
of  the  hardships  which  they  had  to  endure 
under  landlordism  in  Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin,  they  had  come  to  America  in 
the  hope  of  enjoying  the  freedom  of  this 
country.  But  poor  they  were,  indeed — 
the  most  of  them — and  the  plain,  simple 
mode  of  their  living  bore  ample  proof  of  it. 
Some  of  them  experienced  many  sad  and 
gloomy  hours  on  their  "arrival  at  this 
village  in  the  woods,"  far  away  from  their 
native  home,  without  their  church  so  dear 
to  them,  without  a  German  school,  with- 
out a  pastor  to  teach  and  console  them. 
Their  delight  was  great  when,  at  last, 
they  had  their  own  religious  services 
in  the  dwellings  of  their  fellow-people. 

Twentj'-five  years  later  the  Rev.  A.  H. 
Reinke  wrote  as  follows  concerning  the 
first  Lutherans  of  Evanston:  "When  I 
first  began  to  preach  at  Evanston  and 
organized  a  congregation,  there  were,  ac- 
cording to  my  knowledge,  the  following 
people  among  the  members  and  hearers : 
H.  Voigts,  H.  Witt,  Joh.  Witt,  Joachim 
Witt.  P.  Claussen,  Martin  Becker,  A.  P. 
Handke,  F.  Lass,  Joh.  Vorbeck,  F. 
Strokey  and  others." 

The  names  of  the  above  are  also  found 
in  the  records  of  the  church  attached  to  a 
constitution  which  was  adopted  August 
8,  1875,  foi"  the  "German  Evangelical 
Lutheran  Bethlehem  Church  of  Evanston, 
Cook  County,  Illinois." 

We  find  that  Rev-  A.  H.  Reinke  bap- 
tized children  here,  from  June  16,  1872, 
until  May  18,  1873.  After  that  time  a 
number  of  baptisms  were  performed  by 
Rev.  G.  S.  Lober,  of  Niles,  Illinois.      For 


some  unknown  reason  it  appears  the  little 
flock  of  Lutherans  were  without  services 
for  a  while  after  June,  1873.  Again,  how- 
ever, Rev.  Reinke,  missionary  as  he  was, 
turned  his  attention  to  his  small  mission 
post  at  Evanston,  and,  though  over- 
burdened with  work,  took  up  the  care  of 
the  Evanston  Lutherans  with  a  zeal  and 
devoutness  not  often  to  be  found.  Rev.  H. 
Wunder,  of  Chicago,  too,  found  his  way 
here  and  preached  to  the  people  occasion- 
ally. 

The  year  1875  was  an  epoch  in  the 
annals  of  the  Bethlehem  Church.  Glencoe, 
about  seven  miles  north  of  Evanston,  had 
had  a  Lutheran  congregation  since  1847, 
but  had  always  been  attended  to  by  the 
Lutheran  ministers  of  Chicago,  especially 
by  Rev.  ProL  C.  A.  T.  Selle,  Rev.  H. 
Wunder  and  Rev.  J.  Grosse.  In  1874  they 
rejoiced  to  have  the  young  Rev.  Ed.  Dor- 
ing  take  up  his  residence  at  Glencoe  as 
their  ordained  minister.  In  the  following 
year,  January,  1875,  we  find  the  first 
records  of  holy  communion  celebrated  in 
Evanston  by  the  Rev.  Ed.  Doring.  He 
it  was  then  who  conducted  the  services 
of  the  congregation  until  1881,  when  he 
accepted  a  call  to  a  mission  post  at  Port- 
land, Oregon.  In  the  meanwhile  the  Luth- 
erans had  come  into  possession  of  a  little 
church  property  on  Florence  Avenue,  near 
Lake  Street,  and  built  a  small  frame 
church  on  it.  Later  this  little  church  was 
sold  to  the  Swedish  Lutherans  and  was 
moved  to  Lake  Street  near  Sherman  Ave- 
nue. Now  it  is  the  church  of  the  Danish- 
Norwegian  Lutherans,  and  is  to  be  found 
on  Greenwood  Boulevard,  near  Sherman 
Avenue,  west  of  the  Northwestern  Rail- 
road- 

Until  the  departure  of  Rev.  Doring  the 
congregation  had  not  taken  very  great 
strides  to  prosperity ;  still  it  had  among 
its  members   several   young,   enterprising 


384 


EVANSTON  CHURCH  HISTORY 


and  good  Lutherans,  one  of  which  was  the 
late  Wm.  E.  Suhr.  They  were  not  with- 
out a  minister  very  long.  In  the  fall  of 
1881  a  young  energetic  pastor,  Rev.  A. 
Detzer,  a  graduate  of  Concordia  Semi- 
nary, St.  Louis,  Mo.,  was  installed  in  his 
calling  as  pastor  of  the  German  Lutheran 
Church  (at  Evanston),  with  his  residence 
at  Evanston.  In  future  there  were  ser- 
vices every  Sunday.  The  new  pastor  also 
took  charge  of  the  parish  at  Glencoe  and 
preached  there  every  two  weeks. 

As  soon  as  Rev.  Detzer  had  become 
acquainted  with  his  people,  he  had  them 
found  a  parochial  school.  He  undertook 
the  task  of  teaching  the  children  himself. 
The  school  was  opened  with  twelve  pupils 
in  attendance.  The  schoolroojn  was  in  the 
attic  of  a  small  dwelling  house  in  the 
'"prairie."  The  venture,  however  difficult 
for  pastor  and  people,  who  gladly  paid 
their  taxes  for  public  schools,  and  besides 
upheld  their  private  school,  proved  so  suc- 
cessful that  they  soon  saw  themselves 
compelled  to  build  a  school-house  of  their 
own.  They  erected  a  house  for  this  pur- 
pose at  a  cost  of  $1,450,  where  now  the 
parsonage  is  to  be  seen  at  1410  Green- 
wood   Boulevard. 

In  1885  we  find  a  school  of  fifty-three 
pupils  learning  the  rudiments  of  the  Ev- 
angelical Lutheran  denomination,  and  all 
elementary  branches  necessary  for  a  good 
secular  education.  The  congregation 
understood  how  great  a  burden  their 
pastor  had  taken  upon  his  shoulders  and 
relieved  him  of  it  by  appointing  JMr.  H. 
Feuchter  as  provisory  teacher,  and  by 
calling  Mr.  M.  E.  Bittner,  in  1886,  as 
their  ordained  school-teacher.  Mr.  Bittner 
still  holds  this  position,  having  held  it 
sixteen  years.  He  now  teaches  the  upper 
class  only. 

As  the  number  of  pupils  increased,  so 
also  did  the  number  of  members  of  the 


church.  The  congregation,  therefore, 
soon  found  its  first  church  too  small,  and 
without  delay  built  a  handsome  new 
church  edifice  at  the  corner  of  Green- 
wood Boulevard  and  Wesley  Avenue, 
which  was  dedicated  November  21,  1886. 
It  was  a  great  day  for  the  German  Luth- 
erans. After  a  period  of  fourteen  years 
since  their  first  services,  they  now  were  in 
possession  of  their  second  church,  which, 
though  not  as  large  as  some  of  our  present 
churches,  was  far  larger  than  their  firsc 
one  and  far  more  artistic  and  inviting. 
After  having  stood  sixteen  years,  it  still 
deserves  to  be  mentioned  as  one  of  Evan- 
ston's  notable  buildings. 

\Mien  the  year  1899  came,  the  class 
of  pupils  had  outgrown  the  school.  There 
was  not  room  enough  for  a  new  scholar, 
so  the  enterprising  congregation,  number- 
ing about  sixty  male  voting  members  by 
this  time,  did  not  hesitate  to  purchase  a 
new  building  site  at  the  corner  of  Lake 
Street  and  Ashland  Avenue.  Here  they 
erected  a  two-story  brick-veneered  school- 
house  containing  two  spacious  class- 
rooms, with  all  modern  improvements. 
The  "Evanston  Press,"  of  March  8,  1890, 
devoted  its  entire  second  page  to  the  de- 
scription of  the  dedication  of  this  school. 
It  said :  "Our  German  patrons  are  to  be 
congratulated  on  the  enterprise  and  devo- 
tion to  the  cause  of  education  which  has 
prompted  them  to  this  progressive  move." 

Soon  after  the  new  school  had  been 
pressed  into  service.  Rev.  Detzer  received 
a  call  from  St.  Paul,  Minn-,  where  he  was 
wanted  to  build  up  an  English  Lutheran 
mission.  Though  he  had  been  serving  a 
German  congregation  in  Evanston,  he 
was  an  able  English  scholar  and  therefore 
regarded  this  call  as  one  which  his  con- 
science urged  him  to  accept.  It  was  a 
painful  parting  when  he  left. 

Again   the   founder  of  the  congregation. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


385 


Rev.  A.  H.  Reinke,  of  Chicago,  then  pastor 
of  the  largest  German  Lutheran  congre- 
gation in  America,  was  asked  to  take  care 
of  his  forsaken  flock  in  Evanston.  He 
gladly  did  so.  He  preached  and  performed 
all  other  pastoral  duties,  attended  their 
meetings  and  assisted  them  in  every  man- 
ner to  get  a  new  pastor.  They  extended 
calls  to  a  number  of  ministers,  but  in 
vain.  Several  months  passed  by,  and 
Evanston  was  still  looking  for  a  minister. 
In  August,  1890,  a  call  was  sent  to  the 
undersigned,  Rev.  J-  D.  Matthius,  of  Chi- 
cago, son-in-law  of  Rev.  A.  H.  Reinke. 
He  accepted  and  was  installed  September 
3,  1890.  He  was  a  native  of  Staten 
Island,  New  York,  the  son  of  a  prosperous 
business  man.  When  thirteen  years  old  he 
entered  Concordia  College,  Fort  Wayne, 
Ind.,  took  an  academic  course  of  six 
years,  graduated  there  in  1885,  and  in 
1888  from  Concordia  Seminary.  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  From  that  time  until  his 
charge  in  Evanston  he  was  assistant  of 
Rev.  A.  H.  Reinke  in  Chicago. 

From  1890  up  to  the  present  day  (Feb- 
ruary, 1902)  the  congregation  has  enjoyed 
constant  prosperity.  It  still  clings  to  the 
infallible  divine  inspiration  of  the  Bible 
and  to  Faith  in  Christ  Jesus  as  the  only 
way  to  salvation.  The  congregation  now 
consists  of  over  200  German  Lutheran 
families  and  many  single  persons.  It  has 
130  male  voting  members,  135  pupils  in  its 
school  and,  besides  Mr.  M.  E.  Bittner,  has 
Mr.  R.  Mangelsdorf  as  teacher  of  the 
second  class.  In  1893  a  handsome  par- 
sonage was  erected  in  the  rear  of  the 
church. 

The  congregation  belongs  to  the  "Evan- 
gelical Lutheran  Synod  of  Missouri,  Ohio 
and  other  states." 

Besides  the  German  Lutheran,  Evan- 
ston has  also  a  Norwegian-Danish  Luth- 


eran, a  Swedish  Lutheran,  and,  of  late, 
also  a  small  English  Lutheran  congrega- 
tion. The  latter  conducts  its  services  in 
the  church  of  the  Danish-Norwegian 
Lutherans,  and  is  attended  to  by  Rev.  J. 
K.  Reed  of  Chicago,  a  member  of  the 
General  Synod. 

Norwegian- Danish  Lutheran  Church. — 
The  following  notes  have  been  kindly 
compiled  by  the  pastor.  Rev.  D.  Larsen : 

The  Evanston  Norwegian-Danish  Luth- 
eran Church  was  organized  July  29,  1891, 
under  the  supervision  of  Rev.  N.  J.  Elles- 
tad  and  Rev.  J.  N.  Kildal  of  the  Bethle- 
hem Norwegian  Lutheran  Church  in  Chi- 
cago, and,  until  the  new  congregation 
could  secure  a  pastor,  Rev.  Kildal  tem- 
porarily served  it  in  connection  with  the 
Chicago  church. 

Admission  into  the  United  Norwegian 
Lutheran  Church  of  America  was  applied 
for  and  granted  in  June,  1892.  In  March 
of  the  same  year  Rev.  T.  Aarrestad  be- 
gan to  serve  the  congregation  as  its  or- 
dained pastor,  and  remained  in  that  ca- 
pacity until  October,  1893. 

John  Hetland,  the  next  pastor,  served 
from  February,  1894,  till  June,  1900. 

In  January,  1894,  the  Young  People's 
Society,   "Nordlyset,"   was   organized. 

The  congregation  had,  as  yet,  owned 
no  place  of  worship,  but  services  were 
held  in  rented  quarters.  In  1899,  how- 
ever, a  lot  was  bought  on  Greenwood 
Boulevard  between  Sherman  and  Benson 
Avenues,  and  the  chapel,  owned  first  by 
the  German  and  then  by  the  Swedish 
Lutheran  congregation,  was  bought  and 
moved  to  the  above-mentioned  location. 
This  chapel  will  serve  as  a  temporary 
house  of  worship  until  the  congregation 
becomes  able  to  build  a  church.  The 
present  pastor,  Ditman  Larsen,  was  in- 
stalled July  21,  1901. 


386 


EVANSTON  CHURCH  HISTORY 


Swedish  Evangelical  Lutheran  (Im- 
manuel)  Church. — This  congregation  was 
organized  in  1888,  by  Rev.  S.  A.  Sandahl 
of  Lake  View,  with  thirty-four  communi- 
cant members.  The  first  installed  pastor 
was  Rev.  J.  Edgren,  who  served  the  con- 
gregation a  number  of  years.  The  next 
pastor  was  Rev.  C.  Solmonson.  During 
his  ministry  in  Evanston  the  Swedes  built 
their  present  handsome  new  church  and 
parsonage  at  Sherman  Avenue  and  Lake 
Street.  Their  present  minister  is  Rev. 
G.  K.  Stark. 

Our  information  concerning  the  Swed- 
ish Lutherans  is  very  scant. 

We  should  have  gladly  inserted  a 
chapter  from  the  pen  of  the  present  pas- 
tor, but  our  eiiforts  to  obtain  such  an  arti- 
cle were  in  vain. 

Supplemental. 

Since  the  above  chapter  was  written  work 
among  the  Lutherans  of  Evanston  has  kept 
on.  The  English  Lutherans  now  have  a 
handsome  little  edifice  of  their  own  at  Ben- 
son Avenue  and  Greenleaf  Street. 

In  Bethlehem  German  Lutheran  congre- 
gation the  parochial  school  has  experienced 
some  changes.  Mr.  R.  E.  Alangelsdorf.  on 
account  of  failing  health,  was  obliged  to  ac- 
cept a  position  as  teacher  of  a  parochial 
school  at  Black  Jack,  Mo.  Likewise,  Mr. 
M.  E.  Bittner,  after  having  been  at  the 
head  of  the  school  for  almost  nineteen 
years,  accepted  a  call  to  Kankakee,  111.,  in 
1905,  where  he  now  is  Principal  of  a  pa- 
rochial school.  The  respective  vacancies 
have  been  filled  by  Air.  F.  Toenies,  for 
many  years  teacher  at  Strassburg,  111.,  and 
by  Mr.  L.  O.  Schaefer,  one  of  the  graduates 
of  the  .Addison  Lutheran  Teachers'  Semin- 
ary  in   this   State,  in   1905. 


EVANSTON  CHRISTIAN  CHURCH 

(By  ULYSSES  GRANT  BUCK) 

The  Evanston  Christian  Church  has 
had  humble  beginnings,  but  gives  prom- 
ise of  becoming  a  strong  power  for  good 
in  this  city  of  churches,  and  has  found  a 
place  and  a  work  that  would  indicate  that 
no  mistake  has  been  made  in  bringing  it 
into  being. 

The  Reformation  Movement,  which  this 
organization  represents,  had  its  inception 
in  Western  Pennsylvania  about  one  hun- 
dred years  ago,  and  has  been  one  of  rapid 
growth  on  lines  parallel  to  the  lines  of 
immigration,  with  the  result  that  the 
northern  and  southern  parts  of  our  coun- 
try have  few,  if  any,  more  prosperous 
churches.  However,  there  have  gone  into 
all  parts  of  the  country,  as  happens  with 
our  shifting  population,  a  few  represent- 
ative active  members,  and  these  have  been 
gathered  together  to  form  a  working  nu- 
cleus, and  thus  have  grown  up  large  con- 
gregations where  once  there  was  no  work 
done.  This  is  the  history  of  the  Evans- 
ton Church. 

The  Christian  Missionary  Society  of 
Chicago  had  its  attention  called  to  the 
possibilities  of  a  work  being  started  in 
Evanston  in  the  year  1895.  Accordingly 
on  the  24th  day  of  November,  1895,  City 
Evangelist  E.  W.  Darst,  accompanied  by 
W.  B.  Taylor,  pastor  of  the  North  Side 
Christian  Church ;  E.  S.  Ames,  of  the 
Disciples'  Divinity  House  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Chicago,  met  with  the  few  disciples 
to  be  found  in  this  community,  among 
whom  were  Mr.  and  Mrs-  E.  E.  Starkey, 
of  Wilmette;  Dr.  and  Mrs.  R.  C.  Knox, 
of  Rogers  Park,  at  the  home  of  Mr.  and 
iMrs.  Milton  O.  Naramore,  at  925 
Main  Street,  to  discuss  the  idea  of  at- 
tempting to  organize  a  Christian  Church 
at  some  point  in  Evanston.     The  urgent 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


387 


need  of  a  church  organization  was  con- 
ceded, and  it  was  unanimously  decided 
to  take  steps  to  hold  a  meeting,  and  in 
the  meantime  to  hold  preliminary  cottage 
meetings  in  order  to  enlist  the  co-opera- 
tion of  all  persons  who  might  be  fount! 
10  be  members  of  the  Church. 

Meetings  were  held  at  the  same  place 
on  each  of  the  Lord's  Days  in  Decem- 
ber, making  six  preliminary  and  prepara- 
tory meetings,  during  which  the  whole 
situation  was  thoroughly  canvassed  and 
all  arrangements  were  made  to  hold  a  se- 
ries of  meetings  at  Union  Hall,  807  Davis 
Street,  beginning  on  Sunday.  January  5, 
£896.  At  3  o'clock  on  that  day  a  large 
-ludience  assembled  at  the  above  place, 
among  whom  were  many  representatives 
from  the  city  churches,  and,  as  an  inau- 
gural service.  Rev.  W.  F.  Black,  of  the 
Central  Church,  Chicago,  preached  a 
learned  and  able  discourse. 

(Jn  the  evening  following.  Evangelist 
E.  W.  Darst,  assisted  by  local  members. 
began  a  series  of  meetings  which  lasted 
for  the  next  eleven  weeks,  without  in- 
terruption, every  week  day  evening  ex- 
cept Saturday  and  twice  on  Sunday.  At 
the  end  of  this  series  of  meetings  there 
were  forty-two  persons  who  had  made 
confession  and  thirty-four  who  had  been 
received  by  letter,  making  a  total  of  sev- 
enty-six, who  thus  became  the  nucleus 
of  the  Evanston  Christian  Church. 

Upon  the  completion  of  this  series  of 
meetings  the  church  proceeded  to  the  or- 
ganization of  all  the  departments  com- 
mon to  Evangelical  churches,  and  soon  it 
had  an  active  Sunday  School,  a  live  Chris- 
tian Endeavor  Society,  a  Ladies'  Aid  So- 
ciety and  a  Woman's  Missionary  Society. 

On  the  17th  day  of  May,  1896,  the 
church  called  Edward  Scribner  Ames,  of 
the  Disciples'  Divinity  House,  as  its  first 
pastor.     He  continued  with  the  church  for 


about  one  year,  when  he  was  followed  by 
Rev.  A.  L.  Chapman. 

On  the  1st  day  of  May,  1897,  the  church 
was  moved  from  807  Davis  Street  to  Odd- 
Fellows'  Hall,  604^/2 Davis  Street,  where 
it  continued  to  meet  until  it  was  removed 
to  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Building. 

Mr.  Chapman  remained  as  pastor  until 
the  autumn  of  1898.  On  the  30th  of  Oc- 
tober of  that  year  E.  W.  Darst  was  called 
as  pastor,  and  continued  until  September, 
1899,  when  Wallace  C.  Payne,  of  New 
York,  became  his  successor.  Mr.  Payne's 
work  continued  vmtil  March  24,  1901, 
when  he  was  succeeded,  after  a  short  in- 
terval, by  Dr.  E.  V.  Zollars,  President  of 
Hiram  College,  Hiram,  Ohio.  Dr.  Zollars 
is  one  of  the  ablest  men  in  the  Christian 
Church,  and  gave  the  church  in  Evanston 
a  standing  second  to  none.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded on  October  27,  1901,  by  Mr.  W.  D. 
'Ward,  a  graduate  of  Hiram  College  un- 
der Dr.  Zollars,  and  formerly  of  Mantua, 
Ohio.  Under  his  guidance  and  preaching 
the  church  has  prospered  and  grown,  and 
his  relations  with  the  church  have  been 
so  pleasant  that  he  is  liable  to  remain  yet 
many  years. 

In  1900  the  church,  under  careful  and 
wise  financial  management,  began  to  ac- 
cumulate a  building  fund,  and  after  about 
three  years'  saving,  was  able  to  purchase 
a  lot  at  the  corner  of  Oak  and  Church 
Streets,  where  it  was  proposed  to  build 
a  church  home,  and  which  it  still  owns ; 
but  the  unexpected,  which  often  happens, 
came  when  the  opportunity  was  presented 
of  securing  a  commodious  property  at 
the  corner  of  Lee  Street  and  Asbury  Ave- 
nue, known  as  the  Plymouth  Congrega- 
tional Church. 

This  came  near  the  end  of  1903,  and 
the  generous  offer  of  the  First  Congrega- 
tional Society  of  Evanston  was  soon  ac- 
cepted, and,  for  the  first  time  in  its  his- 


388 


EVANSTON  CHURCH  HISTORY 


tory,  the  Evanston  Christian  Church  be- 
came an  established  fact  in  the  commu- 
nity. 

In  June,  1905,  the  church  celebrated,  in 
befitting  manner,  the  clearing  off  of  all 
indebtedness ;  and  with  all  its  equipment 
and  with  the  simple  gospel  plea  which  it 
presents,  is  bound  to  continue  to  prosper 
and  grow,  and  lead  men  and  women  and 
children  to  a  knowledge  of  better  things 
and  to  lives  of  better  deeds,  until  the  time 
when  it  shall  be  known  as  one  of  the  most 
potent  influences  for  good  in  this  splen- 
did city  of  splendid  people. 


FIRST    CHURCH    OF    CHRIST    (SCI- 
ENTIST) 

(By  HOLMES  HOGE) 

The  First  Church  of  Christ  (Scientist). 
of  Evanston,  was  organized  under  a  char- 
ter granted  by  the  State  of  Illinois,  Jan- 
uary 23,  1895,  with  a  membership  of 
twenty-six.  It  is  a  branch  church  of  the 
First  Church  of  Christ  (Scientist),  Bos- 
ton, Mass.,  which  was  founded  in  1879. 
Since  that  time  six  hundred  and  sixty- 
three  churches  and  societies  of  this  de- 
nomination have  been  organized  in  this 
country  and  foreign  lands.  The  branch 
churches  have  the  power  to  govern  local 
affairs  and  elect  their  First  and  Second 
Readers,  Boards  of  Trustees  and  Direct- 
ors, and  other  officers,  annually. 

The  Evanston  church  has  had  a  steady 
growth  and  has  received  one  hundred 
and  fifty-two  persons  into  membership. 
The  meetings  were  first  held  in  a  private 
house,  but  that  was  soon  found  too  small 
to  accommodate  the  increasing  congre- 
gation, and  larger  quarters  have  been 
sought  from  time  to  time,  until  now  the 
church  owns  the  handsome  property  on 
the  southwest  corner  of  Chicago  Avenue 
and  Grove  Street. 


The  present  form  of  Sunday  service  ob- 
served in  all  of  the  churches  of  the  de- 
nomination was  inaugurated  in  1895. 
The  sermons  consist  of  selections  taken 
from  the  Bible  and  the  Christian  Science 
Text  Book,  "Science  and  Health,"  with 
Key  to  the  Scriptures,  by  Rev.  Mary  Baker 
G.  Eddy,  the  discoverer  and  leader  of 
Christian  Science.  The  lesson  sermons  of 
all  the  churches  are  arranged  by  a  commit- 
tee appointed  by  the  First  Church  of 
Christ  (Scientist),  of  Boston,  and  are 
read  by  the  First  and  Second  Readers, 
reading  from  the  Bible  and  from  "Science 
and  Health,"  respectively. 

Following  the  Sunday  morning  service 
the  Sunday  School  assembles.  Since  its 
organization  progress  has  been  the  key- 
note with  these  little  workers,  who  are 
bringing  out  in  their  daily  lives  beautiful 
proofs  of  the  power  of  good  in  overcom- 
ing evil,  as  this  religion  teaches. 

On  each  W^ednesday  evening  in  this 
church,  as  well  as  all  other  churches  of 
this  denomination,  a  meeting  is  held  for 
the  purpose  of  giving  testimonies  of  the 
benefits  received  physically,  morally  and 
spiritually  from  the  study  and  practice  of 
Christian  Science. 

In  accordance  with  a  by-law  of  the 
First  Church  of  Christ  (Scientist),  of  Bos- 
ton, a  reading  room  has  been  established 
and  is  open  daily,  affording  an  opportu- 
nity to  those  who  are  seeking  knowledge 
on  the  subject  of  Christian  Science  to 
read  and  procure  literature. 

The  theology  of  Christiai\  Science  in- 
cludes healing  the  sick,  as  well  as  re- 
forming the  sinner,  by  the  prayer  of  faith 
with  a  spiritual  understanding  of  the 
Scriptures,  basing  its  authority  upon  the 
teachings  and  works  of  Christ  Jesus  and 
the  Apostles,  as  recorded  in  the  Bible. 

The    following   item    from    one    of   the 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


389 


Chicago  newspapers  of  a  year  ago — the 
exact  date  is  not  known — furnishes  an  in- 
teresting fact  in  connection  with  the  his- 
tory of  the  First  Church  of  Christ  (Scien- 
tist), of  Evanston : 

"When  the  temple  building  of  the  First 
Church  of  Christ  (Scientist),  of  Evans- 
ton,  was  destroyed  by  fire  two  and  a  half 
years   ago,   the  one  hundred   persons   who 


comprised  the  membership  of  the  church 
erected  a  new  building  at  a  cost  of  $25,- 
000,  and  then  set  out  to  wipe  out  the  debt 
within  three  years.  Last  evening,  at  the 
regular  praj^er  service.  Holmes  Hoge, 
treasurer  of  the  church  and  assistant 
cashier  of  the  First  National  Bank  of 
Chicago,  announced  that  the  last  payment 
on  the  mortgage  was  made  yesterday." 


I 


CHAPTER  XXXVIII. 


YOUNG  MEN'S  CHRISTIAN  ASSOCIATION 

(By  ARTHUR  B.  DALE.  General  Secretary) 


Evanston  Young  Men's  Christian  Associa- 
tion —  Organization  Effected  in  iS8§ — 
First  Board  of  Officers  —  General  His- 
tory —  Association  Building  Erected  and 
Dedicated  in  i8g8  —  Gymnasium  and 
Katatorium  Constructed  —  List  of  For- 
mer and  Present  Officers. 

The  Young  Men's  Christian  Associa- 
tion of  Evanston,  as  elsewhere,  arose  in 
response  to  a  public  need  for  the  care  of 
the  young  men  of  the  community,  and 
since  its  organization  has  steadily  grown, 
both  in  size  and  efficiency,  until  now  it 
occupies  a  place  of  unquestioned  utility  in 
the  city  and  has  become  one  of  the  most 
effective  arms  of  the  church  for  its  work 
among  young  men.  Differing  from  the 
usual  social  or  athletic  club  in  breadth  of 
purpose,  it  has  steadily  aimed  to  reach 
the  young  man  in  his  entirety  and  to  ben- 
efit him  morally,  intellectually,  physically 
and  socially.  It  firmly  stands  for  the 
symmetrical  growth  of  all  of  these  sides 
of  his  life,  believing  that  only  thus  does  a 
man  approach  the  plan  designed  for  him 
by  his  Maker. 

The  local  organization  was  called  into 
being  as  the  result  of  a  meeting  of  pas- 
tors and  lay  members  of  the  various 
churches  of  the  city,  held  June  26,  1885, 
at  which  were  present  Rev.  Messrs,  Scott, 
Curts   and   Noyes  for    the    pastors,    and 


Messrs.  H.  G.  Grey,  D.  S.  McMullen, 
Martin,  Miller,  Adams,  Gillson  and  Ben- 
jamin for  the  laity.  This  meeting  had 
under  discussion  the  question  whether  an 
organization  for  young  men  was  needed, 
on  which  point  they  were  unanimous ; 
and  whether  such  organization  should  be 
the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association. 
On  the  latter  point,  some  diiTerence  of 
opinion  arising,  the  matter  was  referred 
to  a  committee  of  five,  who  afterward  re- 
ported to  a  mass  meeting  in  favor  of  the 
Association,  which  was  finally  launched 
on  November  17,  1885,  with  the  follow- 
ing Board  of  Managers:  M.  P.  Aiken, 
Jos.  M.  Larimer.  W.  E.  Stockton,  Capt. 
L.  O.  Lawson,  J.  H.  Nitchie.  W.  H.  Spen- 
ser, O.  E.  Haven,  S.  A.  Kean,  C.  B.  Cong- 
don,  H.  G.  Grey,  L.  K.  Gillson  and  P.  O. 
Magnuson.  This  Board  organized  with 
the  following  officers  :  President— M.  P. 
Aiken;  Vice-President — J.  M.  Larimer; 
Recording  Secretary  —  J.  H.  Nitchie ; 
Treasurer  —  Howard  G.  Grey. 

L'nder  this  Board  of  Directors  the  As- 
sociation was  duly  incorporated  as  "The 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association  of 
Evanston,"  on  November  17,  1885,  and 
has  continued  under  these  articles  to  the 
present  time.  Rooms  were  secured  in  the 
Rink  Building,  at  the  corner  of  Davis 
Street  and  Chicago  Avenue,  and  on  March 
16,    1886,    Mr.  W.  S.  Mather   was   engaged 

391 


392 


YOUXG    MEX'S    CHRISTIAN    ASSOCIATIOX 


as  General  Secretary,  to  take  charge  of 
the  work. 

From  this  date  the  Association  pursued 
the  usual  course  of  such  organizations, 
meeting  with  difficulties  and  achieving 
successes  from  time  to  time,  but  persist- 
ently holding  to  its  one  purpose  of  reach- 
ing and  benefitting  the  young  men  of  the 
community.  After  a  period  in  the  Rink 
Building,  the  rooms  were  moved  to  the 
Block  Building,  on  Sherman  Avenue, 
south  of  Davis  Street,  where  the  work 
continued  to  prosper.  Among  the  suc- 
cessful enterprises  conducted  by  the  As- 
sociation during  this  period  were  the  re- 
ligious meetings  addressed  by  Rev.  C. 
H.  Yatman,  of  X'ewark,  X.  J.,  in  the  fall 
of  1887.  These  meetings  were  held  in 
conjunction  with  the  city  churches  and 
resulted  in  218  professed  conversions,  of 
which  115  were  young  men,  and  a  gen- 
eral quickening  of  the  religious  life  of  the 
city. 

During  the  General  Secretar\'ship  of 
Mr.  F.  D.  Fagg,  agitation  for  a  build- 
ing began,  and  the  following  resolution 
was  adopted  at  a  meeting  of  the 
Board  of  Directors  on  June  3.  1892 : 
"Resolved.  That  it  is  the  sense  of 
this  Board  that  the  Association  pro- 
ceed, at  the  earliest  possible  date,  to 
secure  a  site  and  take  the  necessary  steps 
to  erect  a  building  commensurate  with 
the  public  need."  Pursuant  to  this  reso- 
lution, a  committee  of  five  was  appointed 
to  select  a  site  and  solicit  funds  for  its 
purchase.  This  agitation  finally  resulted 
in  the  purchase  of  the  present  Associa- 
tion lots,  in  March,  1893,  at  a  cost  of  S2/,- 
000. 

Just  when  matters  were  growing  bright 
for  the  accomplishment  of  the  long-de- 
sired purpose  of  beginning  work  for  a 
building,  the  Association  met  with  a  great 
loss  in  the  death  of  Mr.  J.  'M.  Larimer, 


who  was,  at  the  time,  its  President.  Mr. 
Larimer  had  been  for  a  number  of  j-ears 
a  most  active  friend  and  supporter  of  the 
work,  giving  both  of  his  time  and  money 
with  unusual  generosity,  and  to  his  ef- 
forts was  largely  due  the  progress  that 
had  been  made  up  to  that  time. 

Shortly  after  the  death  of  Mr.  Lari- 
mer, Mr.  John  R.  Lindgren  was  elected 
President,  and  Mr.  \\"illiam  Boyd  having 
just  entered  upon  the  duties  of  General 
Secretary,  the  work  of  canvassing  for 
funds  for  the  new  building  was  taken  up 
and  pushed  to  a  successful  issue.  A  great 
stimulus  was  given  the  project  by  the 
State  Convention  of  the  Association, 
which  was  held  in  Evanston  in  1895,  and 
gave  the  people  of  the  city  an  enlarged 
view  of  the  extent  and  importance  of  the 
work  at  large,  of  which  the  local  organi- 
zation was  a  part.  After  much  hard  work 
and  patient  continuance  in  the  solicitation 
of  funds,  the  present  building  was  finally 
completed,  and  on  October  6,  1898,  was 
dedicated  to  the  interests  of  young  men 
in  Evanston  in  a  public  reception,  at 
v.-hich  a  very  large  number  of  the  citi- 
zens were  present. 

With  the  completion  of  the  front  build- 
ing, the  interest  in  the  Association  took 
on  a  renewed  vigor,  and  work  was  imme- 
diateh'  begun  for  the  building  of  the  gym- 
nasium, without  which  the  work  planned 
would  have  been  most  incomplete.  This 
was  carried  on  in  a  most  systematic  and 
successful  manner,  and  on  Xovember  28, 
1899,  the  Gymnasium  Building  was  for- 
mally opened,  complete  in  every  detail 
with  the  exception  of  the  Xatatorium 
that  had  been  contemplated  in  the  orig- 
inal plan.  For  this  latter  feature  the  As- 
sociation waited  until  July  i,  1903,  when 
two  of  Evanston's  most  liberal  citizens 
contributed  $5,000  each,  for  this  purpose, 
and  one  of  the  finest  swimming  pools  in 


r. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


393 


the  country,  of  tile  and  marble  construc- 
tion, was  installed  as  part  of  the  physical 
equipment. 

The  completion  of  the  Gymnasium  and 
Natatorium  gave  the  Evanston  Associa- 
tion not  only  one  of  the  most  complete 
equipments  in  the  country,  but  also  one 
most  admirably  adapted  to  the  work  to 
be  performed.  The  greatest  wisdom  has 
been  shown  by  those  having  the  matter 
in  hand  in  providing  not  only  for  the  pres- 
ent membership,  but  also  for  the  prob- 
able increase  of  future  years.  Since  its 
completion,  the  International  officers  of 
the  Association  have  frequently  referred 
others  to  the  Evanston  building  as  a 
model  to  be  followed,  and  calls  for  in- 
spection by  visiting  officers  or  architects 
are  of  common  occurrence. 

Together  with  the  completeness  of  its 
equipment,  however,  the  Association  has 
never  lost  sight  of  the  real  purpose  of  its 
organization,  viz.,  the  extension  of  the 
kingdom  of  Christ  among  the  young  men 
of  the  city.  Aided  by  the  active  co-oper- 
ation of  the  churches,  it  has  conducted  its 
physical,  educational  and  social  work,  as 
well  as  its  more  specifically  religious 
work,  with  this  object  in  view,  and  by 
this  policy  has  won  a  place  for  itself 
among  the  permanent  factors  going  to 
make  up  the  better  citizenship  and  life  of 
the  city. 

Presidents   and   General   Secretaries  cf 


the  Association  since  its  organization, 
with  their  terms  of  service,  have  been  as 
follows : 

Presidents: 

M.  P.  Aiken.   1885-1886. 
C-  E.  Congdon,  1 886-1 891. 
J.  M.  Larimer,  1891-1894. 
J.  R.  Lindgren,  1894-1903. 

John  E.  Wilder,   1903- 

General  Secretaries : 
W.  S.  Mather,  1886. 
Jesse  Lockwood,  1886-1887. 
W.  A.  Hill,  1887- 1888. 

E.  A.  Barrett,  1888-1889. 
John  M.  Dick,  1889-1890. 

F.  D.  Fagg,  1890-1893. 
Wm.  Boyd,  1893-1901. 
A.  B.  Dale,  1901-. . .  .• 

The  present  Board  of  Directors  is  com- 
posed of  the  following  gentlemen :  John 
E.  Wilder,  President ;  Richard  C.  Hall, 
Vice-President ;  Wm.  Hudson  Harper, 
Recording  Secretary;  Wm.  A.  Dyche, 
Treasurer ;  Frank  H.  Armstrong,  Thos. 
L.  Fansler,  Livingstone  P.  Moore,  JohnH. 
Hardin,  John  R.  Lindgren,  James  F- 
Oates,  Thos.  I.  Stacey,  Wm.  G.  Sherer, 
Alfred  L.  Lindsey,  Milton  H.  Wilson. 

The  present  executive  force  is  as  fol- 
lows: Arthur  B.  Dale,  General  Secre- 
tary ;  J.  Graham  Stewart,  Assistant  Sec- 
retary :  Lewis  O.  Gillesby,  Physical  Di- 
rector. 


t 


CHAPTER   XXXIX. 


WOMAN'S  CHRISTIAN     TEMPERANCE  UNIONS 

(By  SUSANNA  M.  D.  FRY,  A.  M.,  Ph.  D.) 


Women's  Temperance  Alliance — Efaiistoii 
JP'otiian's  Christian  Temperance  Union 
Organised  in  i8/§— Working  Depart- 
ments —  Enforcement  of  Four-Mile 
Limit  Law  —  Industrial  School  —  Chil- 
dren's Organisation  —  Loyal  Temper- 
ance Legion  and  Gospel  Temperance 
Meetings  —  Miss  Frances  E.  Willard 
and  Other  Xoted  Leaders  —  Manual 
Training  School — The  Evanstou  W.  C. 
T.  U. — Reiley  and  South  Ezvnstoii  Un- 
ions— Young  JVoman's  Organization. 

The  forerunner  of  the  Woman's  Chris- 
tian Temperance  Union  in  Evanston  was 
the  Women's  Temperance  AlUance.  This, 
was  formed  March  17,  1874,  and  was  a 
part  of  the  general  awakening  which  fol- 
lowed the  Woman's  Crusade  of  the  win- 
ter of  1873-74.  The  name,  "Woman's 
Christian  Temperance  Union,"  was  as  yet 
practically  unknown,  and  that  the  organi- 
zation took  the  name  it  did  was  probably 
due  to  the  fact  that  Mr.  L.  L.  Greenleaf 
had,  several  years  earlier,  formed  an  Al- 
liance which  met  at  his  own  and  other 
homes  in  Evanston.  The  chief  object  of 
the  Women's  Temperance  Alliance  was 
the  prosecution  of  violators  of  the  Uni- 
versity charter  law,  which  forbade  sa- 
loons within  four  miles  of  the  college 
campus.    As  soon  as  the  village  of  Evans- 


ton was  incorporated  a  local  ordinance  had 
been  passed  in  harmony  w-ith  the  Uni- 
versity charter.  Other  objects  of  the  Al- 
liance were  the  circulation  of  the  pledge 
and  the  visiting  of  places  within  the  four- 
mile  limit,  where  liquor  was  believed  to 
be  sold,  or  where  gambling  was  carried 
on.  Mrs.  A.  J.  Brown  was  elected  the 
first  President,  but  declined  to  serve,  and 
Mrs.  Dr.  O.  Marcy  was  elected.  Airs. 
Prof.  II.  F.  Fisk  was  the  first  Secretary. 
Among  those  who  were  particularly  in- 
terested were  Mrs.  Dr.  David  Noyes,  Mrs. 
Edward  Russell,  Mrs.  A.  P.  Wightman, 
Mrs.  Francis  Bradley,  Mrs.  Arza  Brown. 
Mrs.  Charles  E.  Brown,  Mrs.  Emily 
Pluntington  Miller,  Mrs.  John  E.  Kedzie, 
Mrs.  T.  C.  Hoag,  Mrs.  Helen  E.  Hesler, 
Mrs.  J.  F.  Willard,  Mrs.  Mary  B.  Willard, 
Mrs.  Rev.  F.  L.  Chappell,  Mrs.  Caroline 
F.  Corbin,  Mrs.  M.  C.  Van  Benschoten. 
The  records  of  the  Alliance  include  the 
names  of  about  seven  hundred  citizens  of 
Evanston  who  signed  the  total  abstinence 
pledge  at  that  time.  The  men  and  women 
signers  were  about  equal  in  number,  and 
the  last  fifty-four  names  are  noted  as  com- 
ing from  the  University  and  the  College 
Cottage,  and  were  handed  in  by  Miss  Jes- 
sie Brown,  afterward  Mrs.  Hilton,  who 
became  National  W.  C.  T.  U.  Superin- 
tendent of  Mothers'  Meetings. 


395 


396 


WOMAN'S  CHRISTIAN   TEMPERANCE  UNIONS 


THE  E\\\NSTOX  W.  C.  T.  U. 

^lay  I,  1875,  the  Alliance  changed  its 
name  to  the  Evanston  Woman's  Chris- 
tian Temperance  Union,  and  September 
18,  1878,  became  auxiliary  to  the  State 
and  National  W.  C.  T.  U.  The  following 
have  served  as  Presidents  of  this  Union 
from  1874  until  1906:  Mrs.  Dr.  O. 
Marcy.  Mrs.  Mary  Thompson  Willard, 
Mrs.  \\'.  E.  Clifford.  Mrs.  Francis  Brad- 
ley, Mrs.  A.  J.  Brown.  Mrs.  ^I.  M.  Con- 
ivell,  Mrs.  Mary  Bannister  Willard,  Mrs. 
Jane  Eggleston  Zimmerman,  Mrs.  Mary 
H.  Hull,  Mrs.  William  Bradley,  Mrs.  Ger- 
trude M.  Singleton,  Mrs.  Lucy  Prescott 
Vane,  Mrs.  John  B.  Finch,  Mrs.  A.  De- 
Coudres,  Mrs.  Robert  M.  Hatfield.  'Mrs. 
Harriet  Kidder,  and  Mrs.  George  R. 
Brown,  who  became  President  in  1899. 

For  many  years  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  and 
the  Ladies'  Union  Praj-er  Meeting  met  as 
one  body.  The  Evanston  Union  has,  at 
different  times,  carried  on  the  following 
lines  of  work :  Law  Enforcement,  Gos- 
pel Temperance  Meetings,  Kindergarten 
\\'ork.  Night  School,  Industrial  School, 
Reading  Room,  Band  of  Hope,  Loyal 
Temperance  Legion,  Hospital  and  Res- 
cue Work,  Distribution  of  Literature, 
Scientific  Temperance  Instruction,  Work 
Among  Colored  People,  Temperance 
Teaching  in  the  Sunday  School,  Parlia- 
mentary Usage.  Medal  Contest,  Work 
Among  Railroad  Employes,  Mothers' 
Meeting,  Pledge  Signing,  and  other  de- 
partments of  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U- 
work,  some  of  w-hich  w-ill  be  taken  up 
somewhat  in  detail  in  this  sketch.  This 
L'nion  is  still  doing  good  work  under  the 
leadership  of  Mrs.  George  R.  Brown, 
President,  and  Mrs.  G.  W.  Price,  its 
faithful,  long-time  Recording  Secretary. 
It  has  a  paid-up  membership  of  sixty. 

Law  Enforcement. — In  the  earlv    days 


Mrs.  Arza  Brown,  mother  of  Mrs.  Mary 
H.  B.  Hitt,  who  was  for  many  years 
President  of  the  Northwestern  Branch  of 
the  Woman's  Foreign  Missionary  Socie- 
ty of  the  I\I.  E.  Church,  used  to  take  Mrs. 
Dr.  Marcy  with  her  in  her  buggy  to  Gross 
Point,  a  German  settlement  north  of 
Evanston,  where  they  visited  saloons  and 
did  regular  temperance  missionary  work 
among  the  people.  The  women  prose- 
cuted those  found  selling  liquor  within 
the  four-mile  limit  and  generally  gained 
their  case,  but  too  often  an  appeal  was 
taken  and  the  case  was  finally  lost.  The 
members  of  the  Union  did  not  hesitate  to 
go  into  the  court  and  testify.  INIrs.  Arza 
Brown,  when  nearly  eighty  years  old, 
went  fearlessly  into  the  most  forbidding 
places  and  searched  most  diligently  into 
the  statutes  concerning  liquor-selling, 
and,  withal,  was  most  fervent  in  prayer, 
not  only  in  the  Union,  but  among  the 
offenders  whom  she  visited. 

The  following  appeared  in  the  "Evans- 
ton Index"  while  the  Union  was  still 
called  the  Alliance : 

"The  Women's  Temperance  Alliance 
of  Evanston,  appreciating  the  embarrass- 
ment systematically  thrown  in  the  way 
of  all  who  attempt  to  prosecute  the  secret 
and  open  venders  of  intoxicants,  at  its 
last  meeting  created  a  committee  of  vig- 
ilance, consisting  of  many  influential  la- 
dies and  gentlemen,  whose  duty  it  will  be 
to  attend  the  courts  to  prevent,  as  far  as 
possible  the  intimidation  of  witnesses  and 
to  do  wiiatever  else  may  be  necessary  to 
insure  a  prompt  and  vigorous  prosecu- 
tion of  all  violators  of  the  University 
charter  law,  and  the  laws  of  this  State 
and  village,  within  reach  of  the  influence 
of  the  Alliance." 

The  same  paper  reported  at  another 
time  a  liquor  case  before  Justice  Hun- 
toon,  which  was  attended  by  Mesdames 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


397 


Arza  Brown,  Charles  E.  Brown,  A.  J. 
Brown,  iMarcy,  Bradley.  Fisk,  \\  illard, 
Boutell,  Goebel,  Woodson,  Ninde,  New- 
man, Moore,  Stout,  Butler,  Curtis,  Lane, 
Van  Benschoten,  Hoag,  Pitner,  Pitt,  Clif- 
ford  and   Miss  Jacksorf. 

In  1883  a  Law  and  Order  League  was 
organized  among  the  men  of  Evanston,  at 
the  suggestion  of  Rev.  Dr.  Bannister,  of 
which  Dr.  D.  R.  Dyche  was  for  many 
years  President,  but  the  Union  never  lost 
its  interest  in  this  phase  of  temperance 
work  and  no  single  feature  has  been  of 
more  general  interest  to  the  citizens  of 
Evanston.  The  minutes  of  the  Evanston 
L^nion  show,  from  time  to  time,  that  the 
"saloon  on  wheels"  was  still  rolling  up 
and  down  the  streets,  and  that  the  Union 
was  called  upon  for  greater  activity  in 
law  enforcement. 

October  16,  1880,  the  Y.  W.  C.  T.  U., 
which  had  been  organized  the  year  be- 
fore, moved  that  the  society  communi- 
cate, through  its  Secretary,  with  the 
Trustees  of  the  Northwestern  University, 
respectfully  calling  their  attention  to  the 
fact  that,  in  direct  opposition  to  published 
laws,  beer  was  sold  on  the  streets,  and 
that  there  were  seven  saloons  in  opera- 
tion within  less  than  four  miles  of  the 
L^niversity ;  also  that  the  society  would 
furnish  witnesses  who  would  testify  to 
the  facts  as  above  stated. 

The  National  W.  C.  T.  U.  has  a  de- 
partment of  Legislation  and  Law  En- 
forcement, and  even  in  Evanston,  which 
has  never  had  a  legalized  saloon,  constant 
vigilance  is  needed  on  the  part  of  officials 
and  other  citizens  to  minimize  illicit  sell- 
ing of  intoxicating  drinks.  Hence  the 
continued  activity  of  the  Unions  in  this 
direction. 

Industrial  School. — One  of  the  earliest 
efforts  among  poor  children  was  made  by 
Mrs.  Dr.  O.  Marcy.    Those  most  needing 


instruction  along  the  lines  of  temperance, 
industr}',  cleanliness,  et  cetera,  were  gath- 
ered together  in  a  school,  which  some  per- 
sisted in  calling  the  ragged  school,  but 
which  the  leader  always  dignified  with  the 
title  of  "Industrial."  The  children  were 
taught  in  a  very  simple  and  practical  way. 
Texts  were  often  selected  which  had 
something  to  say  about  "clean  hands." 
To  illustrate  the  Scripture.  "Make  a 
chain,  for  the  land  is  full  of  bloody  crimes 
and  the  city  is  full  of  violence,"  the  chil- 
dren were  taught  to  make  a  chain  of  their 
pledge  cards.  These  had  all  been  deco- 
rated with  hand-painted  flowers,  and  upon 
them  were  the  names  of  those  who  signed 
the  following  pledge:  "We  all,  whose 
names  are  on  this  pledge,  promise  not  to 
drink  anything  that  will  intoxicate."  The 
children  were  taught  that  "crimes"  and 
"violence"  were  to  be  lessened  by  their 
sobriety  and  industry.  The  chain  of 
pledge  cards  is  still  in  existence.  The 
school  met  in  uncomfortable  places  until 
taken  to  Union  Hall.  They  were  trained 
to  recite  pieces  and  sing,  together  with 
sewing  for  the  girls  and  some  simple 
manual  work  for  the  boj's.  Mrs.  Cornelia 
A.  Churcher  and  others  of  the  long-time 
residents  of  Evanston  were  greatly  inter- 
ested in  this  school. 

The  Star  Band  of  Hope. — February  23, 
1875,  Mrs.  S.  M.  I.  Henry,  afterward  a 
National  W.  C.  T.  U.  evangelist,  organ- 
ized the  Star  Band  of  Hope  among  the 
children,  which  soon  numbered  seventy. 
Mrs.  A.  J.  Brown  was  the  presiding  gen- 
ius, and  Dr.  Eben  Clapp  was  her  most 
faithful  co-laborer.  The  meetings  were 
held  in  I\Irs.  Brown's  house  at  first,  then 
in  the  old  Evanston  Hotel  on  Davis 
Street,  and  afterward  in  Union  Hall.  Dr. 
George  C.  Noves.  then  pastor  of  the  First 
Presbj'terian  Church,  helped  to  corral  the 
unrulv  bovs,   and   assisted   in   many    wa}s. 


398 


WOMAN'S  CHRISTIAN  TEMPERANCE  UNIONS 


as  did  Mr.  George  Wire,  Dr.  William  B. 
Phillips  and  others.  Many  of  the  boys 
were  wild  and  reckless,  and  a  system  of 
military  drill  was  instituted  among  them 
by  Captain  Julian  R.  Fitch.  Evanston 
ladies  met  and  made  caps  and  belts  for 
the  boys.  A  band  of  musicians  was 
trained  among  them,  and  they  marched 
through  the  streets  with  their  wooden 
guns,  the  band  playing  such  military  airs 
as  were  supposed  to  indicate  that  they 
were  "soldiers  fighting  for  good  habits." 
Mrs.  Marcy  wrote  some  songs  for  them, 
notably,  "I  Heard  a  Little  Bird  One 
Morning  Sing,  Sip,  Sip  No  Wine." 

Mrs.  Edward  Russell  had  charge  of  the 
Girls'  Brigade,  which  was  a  part  of  the 
Band  of  Hope.  The  children  of  many 
prominent  families  belonged  to  the  or- 
ganization, and  the  testimony  is  that 
never  was  better  temperance  work  done 
among  the  children  than  during  the  five 
years'  existence  of  the  Band  of  Hope. 

The  Loyal  Temperance  Legion. — The 
National  W.  C.  T.  U.  adopted  the  name. 
Loyal  Temperance  Legion,  for  its  tem- 
perance society  among  the  children  in 
1886,  and  these  Legions  succeeded  the 
Bands  of  Hope.  The  same  year  Miss 
Anna  A.  Gordon,  now  Vice-President-at- 
large  of  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U.,  and 
Edward  Murphy  formed  a  Legion  in 
Evanston,  which  met  in  the  First  M.  E. 
Church.  It  was  formally  adopted  by  the 
Evanston  Union  at  a  meeting  on  Decem- 
ber 6,  1886,  with  Miss  Gordon  as  Super- 
intendent. The  Legion  numbered  200 
members,  with  an  average  attendance  of 
about  100.  Mrs.  Mary  Owens  Denyes, 
now  President  of  the  Straits  Settlement' 
W.  C.  T.  U.,  and  residing  at  Singapore, 
was  a  member  of  the  Legion,  as  were 
others  whose  names  are  now  widely 
known. 

After  the  completion  of  Miss  Gordon's 


first  book  of  "Marching  Songs"  for  the  L. 
T.  L.,  her  legioners  gave  a  demonstration 
in  the  church.  The  banners  with  mot- 
toes, the  marching  and  singing  and  de- 
claiming, were  new  to  the  audience  and 
were  wonderfully  impressive.  Later, 
Mrs.  Culla  J.  Vayhinger,  then  a  student 
in  the  University  and  now  President  of 
the  Indiana  \V.  C.  T.  U.,  was  Superin- 
tendent of  the  Legion.  The  children  had 
courses  of  instruction  which  have  come, 
through  repeated  revisions  and  improve- 
ments, to  be  exceedingly  fine  manuals  of 
study,  adapted  to  Junior,  Senior  and  Nor- 
mal grades.  Several  L.  T.  L.'s  have  suc- 
ceeded each  other,  but  Evanston  has 
never  been  long  without  such  an  organi- 
zation. The  L.  T.  L.  is  a  branch  of  the 
National  W.  C.  T.  U.,  and  in  its  entirety 
numbers  about  200.000. 

Gospel  Temperance  Meetings. — Sun- 
day afternoon,  September,  1879,  a  Gos- 
pel temperance  meeting  was  started 
under  the  leadership  of  Mrs.  M.  M.  Con- 
well,  in  the  waiting-room  of  the  old  North- 
western depot.  These  meetings  contin- 
ued until  1895  or  1896.  After  leaving  the 
depot  they  were  held  in  a  rented  room  on 
the  corner  of  Davis  and  Maple  Streets, 
and,  later  still,  were  regularly  maintained 
in  Union  Hall.  Mrs.  Jane  Eggleston 
Zimmerman  was  leader  of  these  meetings 
for  about  eight  years,  beginning  in  1881. 
Among  the  devoted  workers  were  Mrs.  R. 
H.  Trumbull,  Mrs.  Mary  Bannister  Wil- 
lard,  Mrs.  T.  C.  Reiley,  Mrs.  R.  Somers 
and  scores  of  others. 

When  Ladv  Henry  Somerset,  now 
President  of  the  World's  W^  C.  T.  U  , 
made  her  first  visit  to  this  country,  1891- 
92,  she  and  Miss  W'illard  spoke  at  the 
Gospel  temperance  meeting  on  Sunday, 
March  13,  1892.  The  hall  was  packed 
and  the  interest  intense.  A  farewell  meet- 
ing for  Lady  Henry  Somerset  had    been 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


399 


given  in  Central  Music  Hall,  Chicago,  the 
evening  before,  and  both  she  and  Miss 
\\'illard  were  extremely  weary,  but  they 
did  not  find  it  in  their  hearts  to  refuse  to 
speak  on  the  occasion  named. 

Miss  Julia  Ames,  i\Iiss  Helen  L.  Hood, 
Miss  Ruby  I.  Gilbert  and  Mary  Allen  West, 
editor  of  "The  Union  Signal,"  all  closely 
identified  with  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U., 
and  domiciled  in  the  northern  half  of 
Rest  Cottage,  were  frequently  at  these 
meetings.  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Boynton  Har- 
bert,  Mrs.  M.  L.  Welles,  afterward  Na- 
tional W.  C.  T.  U.  lecturer,  and  many 
others  belonging  to  the  Union,  spoke  at 
these  meetings,  as  well  as  the  pastors  of 
the  various  churches.  Temperance  pa- 
pers from  all  over  the  world  were  re- 
ceived by  Miss  Willard  at  Rest  Cottage, 
and  these  were  carried  over  to  Union  Hall 
every  Sunday  and  distributed. 

The  following,  which  appeared  in  the 
"Evanston  Index"  at  the  time,  shows  the 
inspiring  cause  of  the   meetings: 

"Father  \Vheadon  was  roused  from 
sleep  one  night  by  a  young  man  living 
near  him,  who  came  to  him  saying:  "I 
have  signed  the  pledge,  but  I  must  have 
God's  help  to  keep  it.'  From  the  spirit 
aroused  by  the  recital  of  this  incident 
came  the  combination  of  efifort  on  the 
part  of  Mrs.  Conwell,  Mrs.  Clifford,  Miss 
Willard  and  others,  which  resulted  in  the 
Gospel  meetings." 

An  incident  will  illustrate  the  characr 
ter  of  the  work  : 

When  Miss  Willard  was  to  speak. 
Union  Hall,  with  all  side  rooms  opened 
up,  was  always  crowded.  On  one  such 
occasion  a  man  was  observed  to  be  eager- 
ly seeking  admittance.  To  Mrs.  T.  C. 
Reiley,  who  sought  to  make  room  for  him, 
he  said  he  must  see  Miss  Willard.  He 
was  informed  that  he  could  not  see  her 
then,   as   she   was   about   to    speak,    but 


might  do  so  at  the  close  of  the  meeting. 
Observation  of  the  man  suggested  the- 
wisdom  of  an  after  meeting,  and  a  note 
to  Miss  W'illard  prompted  its  announce- 
ment. When  the  man  had  an  opportunity 
he  asked  if  the  Union  took  care  of  men's 
wives.  He  said  he  had  gone  to  ethical 
culture  lectures  and  many  others,  and  no 
one  could  tell  him  how  to  reform,  and 
now  it  was  time  to  drop  all  such  efforts. 
A  word  of  prayer  was  proposed,  and 
v.'hen  the  meeting  closed  the  man  said 
that  if  (jod  was  what  they  represented 
Him  to  be,  and  would  keep  him  from 
falling  through  the  week,  he  would  come 
again  next  Sunday.  He  was  given  a  Bi- 
ble, a  white  ribbon  was  pinned  on  his 
coat,  and  he  was  sent  to  his  Chicago 
home.  liefore  going  he  said  he  had  come 
to  Evanston  with  the  intention  of  killing 
himself,  had  walked  past  Rest  Cottage  ■ 
six  times  without  the  courage  to  enter, 
and  then  went  to  the  meeting  with  his 
revolver  in  his  pocket.  After  reading 
the  Bible  many  times,  he  said  to  his  wife : 
"If  this  God  will  take  me  past  the  sa- 
loons, I'll  take  Him."  Influence  was 
brought  to  bear  to  secure  employment  for 
the  man,  he  joined  the  church,  and  az 
last  accounts  was  still  doing  well. 

The  attention  of  the  Union,  however, 
came  to  be  turned  more  and  more  to  pre- 
vention by  work  among  children,  as  the 
experiences  of  this  and  thousands  of 
other  unions  showed  that  a  large  percent- 
age of  reformed  men  eventually  went 
back  to  their  cups.  The  Salvation  Army 
came  in  with  the  same  kind  of  Gospel 
work,  and  in  time  this  particular  field  in 
Evanston  was  largely  left  to  them. 

Kindergarten  Work. — In  the  winter  of 
1885  a  kindergarten  was  started  which 
continued  until  April,  1896,  when  the 
work  was  introduced  into  the  Haven  pub- 
lic school.      Mrs.  ]\Iarv  Bannister  Willard 


400 


WOMAN'S  CHRISTIAN  TEMPERANCE  UNIONS 


was  chiefly  instrumental  in  raising  the 
necessary  funds  at  the  beginning, 
through  what  was  termed  $15  scholar- 
ships, and  in  honor  of  her  work  the 
school  was  later  named  the  Mary  Ban- 
nister Willard  Kindergarten.-  Mrs.  Hes- 
ter E.  Walker  had  the  school  in  charge 
and  was  most  successful  in  winning  both 
children  and  parents.  The  ladies  of  the 
First  M.  E.  Church  earned  the  first  $200 
for  the  kindergarten.  The  Y.  W.  C.  T. 
U.  and  other  young  people  lent  a  helping 
hand,  chiefly  through  the  sale  of  home- 
made candies,  which  was  a  source  of  con- 
siderable revenue  to  the  Union  for  many 
years.  Miss  Mary  McDowell,  now  at 
the  head  of  the  Northwestern  University 
Settlement  in  Chicago,  did  much  to  aid 
the  kindergarten  work.  Miss  Kate  Jack- 
son, Mrs.  John  A.  Childs,  Mrs.  Dr.  O.  H. 
Mann,  Mrs.  R.  M.  Hatfield  and  Mrs. 
Henderson  were  also  moving  spirits.  The 
need  for  the  school  did  not  exist  after  the 
work  became  a  part  of  the  public  school 
system.  During  the  more  than  eleven 
years  of  its  existence  it  cose  the  Union,  for 
hall  rent,  salary  to  the  Superintendent, 
supplies,  et  cetera,  about  $1,000  per  year, 
which  was  cheerfully  contributed  by  the 
citizens.  It  is  related  that  some  of  the 
little  folks  won  their  fathers  from  drink 
by  the  instructions  which  they  had  received 
in  the  kindergarten  and  carried  to  their 
homes. 

Manual  Training  School. — This  school 
was  started  about  1883  and  suspended  in 
January,  1887.  Mrs.  H.  H.  C.  Miller  was 
Secretary  of  the  Union  during  a  part  of 
that  period,  and  she  was  especially  active 
in  raising  funds  for  the  school  and  in 
carrying  on  the  work.  Other  able  women 
assisted  her.  Miss  Lu  Bushnell  was  a 
devoted  teacher  and  Mr.  William  Lind- 
ley  taught  the  boys  carpentry.    The  meet- 


ings were  held  in  Union  Hall  and  the 
practical  work  was  done  in  another  build- 
ing. The  especial  aim  was  to  gather  in 
the  neglected  children,  or  those  who  for 
reasons  had  the  greatest  need,  and  to 
teach  them  temperance,  industry  and 
other  virtues. 

Other  Undertakings. — The  Evanston 
Union  inaugurated  many  other  lines  of 
work  beside  those  already  named.  At 
one  time  a  night  school  was  opened  for 
youths  who  were  obliged  to  work  and 
could  not  attend  the  day  schools.  This 
numbered  about  eighty,  and  was  sus- 
tained through  the  generosity  of  Mr.  Wil 
liam  Deering,  Rev.  Henry  Delano,  Mr. 
Charles  Congdon  and  others,  until  the 
Public  School  Board  was  induced  to  open 
a  night  school.  A  reading  room  was  car- 
ried on  from  1881  to  1886,  and  cottage 
prayer  meetings  were  held  frequently. 
At  one  time  open  air  meetings  were  held 
on  the  University  campus  and  on  the 
corner  of  Ayars  Court  and  Ridge  Avenue. 

In  1886  the  Good  Times  Club  of  girls, 
organized  to  illustrate  that  the  best  of 
good  times  consist  in  doing  good  to  some- 
body else,  became  a  part  of  the  Union. 

Much  attention  was  given  to  mothers' 
meetings.  Mrs.  Jessie  Brown  Hilton  was. 
for  a  number  of  years,  the  inspiring  and 
instructive  leader.  She  served  as  Na- 
tional W.  C.  T.  U.  Superintendent  of 
Mothers'  Meetings  several  successive 
years,  and  gave  many  special  lectures  in 
Evanston  by  invitation  of  the  Union.  A 
sewing  school  for  girls  was  maintained 
for  some  time. 

Social  purity  also  had  its  place.  Mrs. 
Isabel  Wing  Lake,  for  many  years  Na- 
tional Superintendent  of  Rescue  Work, 
Mrs.  Major  Singleton,  Mrs.  R.  H.  Trum- 
bull and  others  went  regularly  to  the' 
Cook  County  Hospital,  interested  them- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


401 


selves  in  the  welfare  of  the  girls  in  that 
institution,  and  in  many  cases  did  prac- 
tical rescue  work. 

Thousands  of  pages  of  temperance  lit- 
erature were  distributed  every  year.  Act- 
ive interest  has  always  been  taken  in  the 
teaching  of  scientific  temperance  truths 
from  proper  text-books  in  the  public 
schools.  As  is  well  known,  this  plan 
originated  with  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  and  the 
Evanston  Union  did  its  part  in  securing 
the  State  law  and  the  amendments  which 
have  been  made  from  time  to  time,  and 
in  helping  to  make  the  law  effective  lo- 
cally. 

The  Union  was  instrumental  in  organ- 
izing a  union  among  the  colored  people  of 
Evanston  at  one  time,  and  it  has  regu- 
larly supervised  a  number  of  other  depart- 
ments of  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U.,  such 
as  Non-Alcoholic  Medication,  Anti-Nar- 
cotics, Flower  Mission,  vvhereljy  thou- 
sands of  bouquets,  with  Scripture  texts, 
have  been  given  to  the  sick  and  unfor- 
tunate, but  first,  last  and  all  the  time,  it 
has  striven  to  promulgate  the  two  basic 
principles  of  total  abstinence  and  prohi- 
bition. The  Union  assisted  the  Delano 
Mission  and  has  always  been  active  in 
home  charities,  besides  sending  many 
boxes  and  barrels  of  clothing  to  needy 
Western  territory. 

As  indicative  of  the  practical  work  of 
the  Union,  the  following,  taken  at  ran- 
dom from  its  minutes,  may  be  noted : 

"December  23,  1878,  the  anniversary 
of  the  Temperance  Crusade  was  observed 
in  the  M.  E.  Church,  which  was  deco- 
rated for  the  occasion,  the  President,  Mrs. 
M.  M.  Conwell,  presiding.  Miss  Willard 
delivered,  in  her  own  peculiarly  charming 
manner,  her  lecture  on  "Home  Protec- 
tion," at  the  close  of  which  150  signa- 
tures to  the  petition  to  the  Illinois  Legis- 


lature were  secured.  (Some  600  in  all 
were  taken.) 

"January  10,  1879,  temperance  day  in 
the  week  of  prayer,  was  observed,  Mrs. 
Converse  presiding.  Mrs.  Arza  Brown 
spoke  with  energy  against  the  use  of  to- 
bacco. 

"March  19,  1879,  the  Union  petitioned 
a  certain  railroad  to  remove  into.xicating 
liquors  from  its  dining-cars  and  a  com- 
mittee reported  having  visited  all  of  the 
churches  of  Evanston  urging  the  use  of 
unfermented    wine    at    the    sacrament, 

"May  7,  1881,  Mary  B.  Willard,  Presi- 
dent, a  committee  was  appointed  to  pro- 
test to  druggists  against  unnecessary  Sab- 
bath trade,  and  to  the  town  authorities 
against  a  gambling  den  known  to  exist." 

For  several  years  lately  the  W.  C.  T.  U, 
has  had  representation  on  the  Board  of 
Associated  Charities  of  Evanston,  Mrs. 
G  M.  Price  having  been  the  representa- 
tive so  far. 

Many  lecturers  have  been  brought  to 
Evanston  by  the  Union  to  address  public 
audiences  or  union  meetings.  Among 
these  may  be  named  John  B.  Gough,  Joe 
Hess  (the  reformed  pugilist),  Francis 
Murphy,  Col.  George  Bain,  John  B. 
Finch,  and  of  our  own,  Mary  T.  Lathrap, 
Mary  H.  Hunt,  Narcissa  White  Kinney, 
Caroline  B.  Buell,  Esther  Pugh,  Helen  M. 
Barker,  Mary  A.  VVoodbridge,  Katharine 
Lent  Stevenson,  Mary  Allen  West  and 
Mrs.  Robinson,  an  evangelist,  who  held 
meetings  for  two  months,  sometimes  five 
a  day.  Those  heard  most  frequently 
were,  of  course,  our  own  citizens : 
Mesdames  Emily  Huntington  Miller, 
Elizabeth  Boynton  Harbert,  S.  M.  I. 
Henry,  Jessie  Brown  Hilton,  Dr.  Kate 
Bushnell  and  Frances  E.  Willard. 

The  Sunday  Gospel  temperance  meet- 
ings   were    addressed    by    people     from 


402 


WOMAN'S  CHRISTIAN  TEMPERANCE  UNIONS 


Japan,  Persia,  India,  Mexico,  and  from 
many  of  our  own  States,  besides  many 
pastors  and  others  citizens  of  Evanston. 
Frequent  mass  meetings  and  receptions 
were  held  during  the  early  years. 

It  is  related  that  when  Miss  Willard 
made  her  first  public  address  in  Evans- 
ton,  in  the  old  M.  E.  Church  which  stood 
on  the  site  now  selected  for  the  new  Pub- 
lic Library  on  Church  Street,  she  did  not 
remove  her  bonnet.  Before  the  meeting 
opened,  a  friend  suggested  that  she  take 
it  off,  saying  the  lines  were  not  just  suited 
to  Miss  W'illard's  face.  "O  no,  dear,"  she 
replied;  "I  mustn't  do  it.  Some  of  the 
sisters  might  not  just  like  it."  which  is  il- 
lustrative of  her  thoughtful  care  of  the 
feelings  of  others. 

When  Mr.  IMurphy  was  lecturing  in 
Evanston,  Miss  Willard  used  to  occupy 
fifteen  or  twenty  minutes  before  he  began. 
One  night  a  $5  gold  piece  was  put  in  the 
collection-box  by  a  gentleman  who,  upon 
inquiry  as  to  whether  a  mistake  had  been 
made,  said  that  this  piece  had  come  to 
him  in  a  very  peculiar  manner  and  was 
to  be  used  for  his  own  personal  pleasure; 
that  he  came  to  hear  Air.  Murphy  and 
heard  Miss  \\'illard,  and  knew  the  time 
had  come  to  use  the  $5  gold  piece.  He 
said  he  regarded  her  perorations  as  worth 
many  times  the  value  of  the  coin. 

Not  a  few  members  of  the  Evanston 
Union  have  been  prime  movers  in  Nation- 
al W.  C.  T.  U.  matters,  as,  for  instance, 
Mrs.  Dr.  O.  Marcy  was  one  of  the  commit- 
tee which  founded  the  first  National  pa- 
per, called  "Our  Union."  Plans  for  it 
were  discussed  in  Evanston  and  investi- 
gations were  made  in  Chicago  as  to  the 
printing  of  the  paper,  which  was  finally 
published  in  Philadelphia,  and  if  Miss 
Willard's  work  were  to  be  taken  account 
of,  it  would  mean  an  enumeration  of  much 


of  that  which  is  of  greatest  value  in  the 
National  W.  C.  T.  U. 

Suffrage  was  a  dangerous  question  in 
the  early  days.  Mrs.  Harbert  relates  that 
at  a  meeting  of  the  Union  she  was  nomi- 
nated as  Secretary.  She  rose  and  said : 
'"Ladies.  I  think  I  ought  to  tell  you,  before 
you  go  any  further,  that  I  hold  in  my  hand 
an  invitation  to  become  the  President  of 
the  State  Suffrage  Association" ;  where- 
upon the  presiding  officer  quickly  said, 
"Do  sit  right  down,  Mrs.  Harbert,  or  you 
will  turn  this  meeting  into  a  suffrage  dis- 
cussion." Mrs.  Harbert  sat  down,  con- 
tenting herself  mostly  thereafter,  she  says, 
by  offering  to  furnish  scalloped  oysters 
and  angel  food  on  occasions,  believing 
these  would  create  no  discussion. 

The  anniversary  meeting  for  Aliss  \\'il- 
lard,  on  her  fiftieth  birthday,  was  the  first 
public  recognition  of  the  department  of 
equal  suffrage,  which  the  National  had 
adopted  years  before.  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Wheeler  Andrew,  afterward  round  the 
world  W.  C.  T.  U.  missionary,  presented 
Miss  Willard  with  a  basket  of  beautiful 
flowers  decorated  with  white  and  yellow 
ribbons,  and  explained  that  the  wdiite 
stood  for  temperance  and  the  yellow  for 
equal  suft'rage.  The  Unions,  State  and 
Local,  had  long  since  learned  that  they 
were  free  to  accept  or  reject  departments 
according  to  their  likings  and  beliefs, 
which  had  allayed  the  fears  of  some  who 
could  not  accept  all  of  the  departments 
proposed  by  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U. 

The  Reiley  Union. — For  many  years 
there  was  but  the  one  Union  in  Evanston. 
except  those  among  the  young  women  called 
the  "Ys."  In  later  years,  it  was  thought  a 
union  west  of  the  railroad  tracks  would 
appeal  more  particularly  to  residents  in 
that  locality,  and  January  21,  1896.  the 
Reiley  Union  was  organized.     The  Pres- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


403 


idents  have  been  Mrs.  Caroline  Franklin, 
Mrs.    Ella    DeCoudres    and    Mrs.    T.    C. 
Reiley,   who  had   served   many   years   as 
Treasurer   of   the    Evanston    Union,   and 
who  was  President  of  the  Fourth  District 
for  nine  years,  beginning  in   1893.     The 
Fourth    District    then    included    Chicago 
and  Evanston,  and  in  fact,  all  of  the  north 
shore.    The  work  and  the  departments  of 
the   Reiley   Union   have   been   similar   to 
those  of  the  Evanston  Union  during  the 
same  years,  and  a  number  of  its  members 
were  previously  identified  with  the  older 
union  and  had  a  share  in  what  has  been 
related  of  it.     It  may  be  noted,  however, 
that  the  Reiley  Union  has  sent  quantities 
of  literature  to  needy  places  and  to  other 
States ;    has    worked    the    department    of 
Soldiers  and   Sailors,  supplying  the   sol- 
diers with  many  comfortbags  during  the 
Spanish  and  Philippine  wars.    It  has  been 
an  ardent  supporter  of  the  one  time  affili- 
ated interests  of  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U., 
and   it   secured    the   organization   of    the 
present  Y.  W.  C.  T.  U.    It  has  many  de- 
voted workers  in  its  membership  of  thirty. 
The     South     Evanston     Union. — This 
Union  was  organized  by  Airs.  Reiley  in 
1894  and   continued  the   work  for  seven 
years.     Its   presidents   were   Mrs.   D.  D. 
Thompson,  Mrs.  K.  R.  Whitman  and  Mrs. 
George  Hoover.    It  numbered  twenty-five 
or    thfrty    members,    distributed    a    large 
amount  of  literature,  held  most  excellent 
mothers'  meetings  and  had  a  fine  Loyal 
Temperance  Legion. 

The  Ys  of  Evanston.— The  Young  Wo- 
man's Christian  Temperance  Union  is  a 
branch  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  and  these 
Unions  among  the  young  people  have 
come  to  be  known  as  "the  Ys."  Tradition 
says  that  Evanston  has  had  three  differ- 
ent organizations  of  the  Ys,  but  written 
records  supply  information  of  two  only. 
The  first  of  these  was  organized  January 


2,     1879,     with     a     speedy     enrollment    of 
thirty-seven  members.     It  was  organized 
at  Rest  Cottage,  the  home  of  Miss  Wil- 
lard,    she  and    Miss   Gordon    both   being 
present  and  assisting  in  the  organization. 
Miss  Belle  Webb  was  elected   President 
and  Miss  Justina  A.  Pingree,  Recording 
Secretary.     Miss  Webb  declined  to  serve 
and  Miss  Fannie  Wiswall  was  elected.   The 
Union    took  up  temperance  teaching  in  the 
Sabbath  schools,  securing  subscriptions  to 
"Our   Union,"   the   official    organ   of   the 
National  W.  C.  T.  U.,  and  supplying  the 
papers  with  temperance  items  and  reports 
of  the  work  of  the  Y.     The  society  was 
pledged  to  total  abstinence  and  also  to  use 
its  influence  against  the  use  of  tobacco. 
Many    signers   of   the    Home    Protection 
Petition    and    the    total    abstinence    pledge 
were  obtained.  As  has  already  been  stated, 
this  Union  lent  its  aid  to  the  efforts  for 
law  enforcement  and  to  the  other  undertak- 
ings   of   the    mother    Lmion,    the    Evans- 
ton W^  C.  T.  U.     It  secured  lectures  by 
Prof.    George    E.    Foster,    Mrs.    Harbert, 
Mrs.  Hannah  Whitall  Smith,  Miss  Lucia 
Kimball,  Miss  Willard  and  others.     Miss 
Martha  Button  was  the  President  in  1880. 
A   temperance  school  was  conducted  by 
the   Ys,    and   they   aided   the    Gospel    tem- 
perance meetings  and  edited  and  read  at 
their  monthly  meetings  a  little  paper  fitly 
called,  "The  Waterspout."     Prof.  Haven 
of  the   public   schools,  Dr.   Garnsey  and 
Miss     Brace     conducted     experiments     in 
the   temperance   school.      The   membership 
came  up  to  forty  and  the  meetings  were 
moved  from  private  houses  to  Room  4  of 
Union   Hall,  and   later  to  a  building  on 
the  corner  of  Davis  and   Maple  Streets. 
In   1880,  leaflets  were  distributed  to  the 
number  of  10,000,  and  132  total  abstinence 
pledges  were  secured,  exclusive  of  chil- 
dren.    The  temperance  school  was  held 
every  Saturday  except   for  two   summer 


404 


WOMAN'S  CHRISTIAN  TEMPERANCE  UNIONS 


months.  It  numl^ered  sixty.  Julia  Col- 
man's  Juvenile  Temperance  Manual,  pic- 
ture tracts  and  reward  cards  were  used. 
The  society  subscribed  for  fifty  copies  of 
"Illustrated  Temperance  Tales"  and  Miss 
Willard  donated  fifty  copies  of  "The 
Youth's  Temperance  Banner."  A  number 
of  public  entertainments  were  given. 
Miss  Mary  Ninde  was  the  President  for 
1881,  but  on  March  12,  1881,  after  two 
years  and  a  quarter  of  separate  activity, 
the  Y  voted  to  become  a  part  of  the  Ev- 
anston  W.  C.  T.  U. 

The  next  Y,  of  which  there  are  records, 
is  the  present  Evanston  Y.  W.  C.  T.  U. 
It  was  organized   November  8,   1902,  by 
Mrs.  Minnie  B.  Horning,  Corresponding 
Secretary  of  the  Illinois  W.  C.  T.  U.,  and 
Miss  Kathryn  Sawyer,  State  Y  Secretary. 
It  began  with  eight  active  members,  and 
numbers,  at  the  present  time,  twenty-four 
young  women  and  eighteen  young  men, 
the  latter  being  honorary  members.     Its 
Presidents  have  been   as  follows:     Miss 
Sibyl  Horning,  Miss  Mildred  Auten  and 
Miss  Ernia  Hoag.     Their  work  has  been 
mainly  connected  with  the   Flower  Mis- 
sion, Press,  Hospital  and   Literature.     A 
necessary  requirement  for  membership  in 
all  Ys,  as  well  as  W's,  is  the  signing  of  the 
pledge    against    the    use    of    intoxicating 
drinks,   and    this   one    has    also   declared 
against  the  use  of  tobacco,  though  this  is 
■  not  made  a  requirement  of  membership 
They  have  contributed  to  the  White  Rib- 
bon Missionary  Fund,  which,  at  present, 
helps  to  sustain  Miss  Kara  Smart  as  a  res- 
ident W.  C.  T.  U.  missionary  in  Japan, 
and  to  the  Frances  E.  Willard  Memorial 
Fund,  which  is  used  to  enlarge  and  per- 
petuate the  work  at  home,  and  also  to  the 
state  work.     Considerable   attention   has 
.been  given  to  parliamentary  usage,  that 
the  meetings  may  be  conducted  properly. 


At  this  writing  it  is  proposed  to  supply 
teachers  from  their  membership  for  a  new 
Junior  Loyal  Temperance  Legion  being 
organized  among  the  children. 

At  one  time,  in  order  to  increase  the  in- 
terest in  the  meetings,  a  continued  story 
was  a  part  of  the  program,  each  chapter 
being  written  by  a  dififerent  member. 
This  L'nion  is  made  up  of  University  and 
High  School  young  people,  and  bids  fair 
to  be  a  worthy  member  of  the  trio  of 
L^nions  now  working  in  Evanston,  viz. : 
the  Evanston  \V.  C.  T.  U..  the  Reiley  W. 
C.  T.  U.  and  the  Y.  \V.  C.  T.  U. 

Brother    Helpers. — The    ministers    and 
other   good   men   of   Evanston   have  lent 
their  aid  during  the  more  than  thirty  years 
of  active   service  by  the   Unions.     Chief 
among   the   early   helpers   may   be   men- 
tioned Dr.  Martin  C.  Briggs,  of  the  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church  ;  Rev.  Edward  X. 
Packard,  of  the  Congregational  Church; 
Rev.F.  L.Chappell,of  the  Baptist  Church, 
and  Dr.  Geo.  C.  Noyes,  of  the  First  Presby- 
terian Church  ;  and,  in   later  years. Dr.  Rob- 
ert  M.   Hatfield.   Dr.    Frank   Bristol,  Dr. 
Frederick  Clatworthy,  and  Dr.  Henry  De- 
lano, who  often  spoke  for  the  W.  C.  T.  U. 
and  whose  church  was  always  open  for  its 
meetings.     Dr.  N.  S.  Davis  was  ready  to 
help  at  the  public  meetings  with  valuable 
contributions  from  his  professional  knowl- 
edge. 

Among  the  other  notable  Brother  Help- 
ers were  Mr.  William  Deering,  Dr.  O.  H. 
Mann,  Dr.  Eben  Clapp,  Mr.  C.  B.  Cong- 
don,  Major  W.  F.  Singleton,  Mr.  F.  P. 
Crandon,  Mr.  John  B.  Finch,  Dr.  Milton 
Terry,  and  other  University  professors, 
including  Prof.  H.  F.  Fisk  and  President 
Joseph  Cnmmings. 

All  the  LT„ions  have  been  greatly  in- 
debted from  time  to  time  to  the  Brother 
Helpers  who  have  aided  in  many  ways. 


CHAPTER  XL. 


CHARITABLE  ASSOCIATIONS 

(By  MKS.  LOUISE  BBOCKWAY  STANWOOD) 


Benevolent  Society  Organized  —  Hospital 
Projected  —  New  Society  Takes  the 
Name  "Associated  Charities"  —  Auxili- 
ary Organications  — ^  Mothers'  Sezving 
School  —  St.  Vincent  de  Paul  Society — 
Needle  Work  Guild  —  Mothers'  Club  — 
Visiting  Nurse  Association  — ,  King's 
Daughters  —  Camp  Good  Will  —  Its 
Service  in  Behalf  of  Poor  Mothers  and 
Children  —  Receipts  and  Expenditures. 

The  distribution  of  charity  in  Evanston, 
up  to  the  year  1883,  had  been  a  matter  of 
individual  effort  or  of  church  discrimina- 
tion; but  the  winter  of  1883  opened  very 
bitter  and  stormy  and,  on  one  particularly 
cold  day,  Mrs.  William  Blanchard  was 
distressed  at  the  thought  of  the  suffering 
there  must  be  amongst  the  poor  of  the 
town.  Calling  her  coachman,  she  in- 
quired if  he  would  think  it  inhuman  to 
take  his  horses  out  and  drive  her  about 
to  look  after  cases  of  suffering.  The  chil- 
dren coming  home  from  school  reported 
that,  in  one  family,  a  baby  had  been  fro- 
zen to  death  the  night  before.  When  Mrs. 
Blanchard  reached  this  home,  she  found 
the  family  in  a  desperate  condition  ;  several 
children  partially  frozen  and  the  whole 
family  in  need  of  every  comfort — clothes, 
food,  and  heat.  After  relieving  their  im- 
mediate necessities,  she  went  home  to 
think  over  the  situation,  and  the  idea  of  a 


benevolent  society  for  the  relief  of  the 
poor  and  suffering  in  Evanston  took  shape 
in  her  mind.  Mrs.  Blanchard  inserted  a 
notice  in  the  village  paper,  calling  on  all 
ladies  who  might  be  interested  in  the 
formation  of  such  a  society  to  meet  at  her 
house  on  a  given  day,  to  talk  the  matter 
over  and  to  organize.  Many  ladies  re- 
sponded to  the  call  and  the  Benevolent 
Society  of  Evanston  was  duly  organized. 

Benevolent  Society  Organized. — It 
was  decided  to  hold  meetings  for  sewing 
at  the  different  homes,  to  have  a  relief  and 
investigating  committee  and  a  committee 
to  solicit  funds.  The  response  to  the  re- 
quest for  funds  was  hearty  and  generous, 
as  Mrs.  Blanchard  herself  says,  only  one 
person  who  was  approached  for  money  re- 
fusing to  give.  The  names  of  the  first 
workers  in  the  Benevolent  Society  includ- 
ed those  of  Mrs.  Edward  Taylor,  Mrs. 
George  Watson,  Mrs.  L.  C.  Tallmadge, 
Mrs.  N.  A.  Coble,  Mrs.  N.  C.  Gridley,  Mrs. 
Tillinghast,  Mrs.  William  Deering,  Miss 
Josephine  Patterson,  Mrs.  A.  L.  Butler, 
Mrs.  P>ank  M.  Elliot,  Miss  Alice  Blanch- 
ard and  Mrs.  Blanchard,  Miss  Katherine 
Lord  and  Mrs.  Frank  Wilder. 

The  sewing  meetings  were  continued 
all  the  winter  of  1883-84  and  Mrs.  Blanch- 
ard's  house  was  used  as  the  depot  for  the 
storing  and  distributing  of  clothing.  Mrs. 
Blanchard  also  made  such  arrangements 


405 


4o6 


CHARITABLE  ASSOCIATIONS 


with  the  Cook  County  hospital  that,  on 
her  request  and  recommendation,  any  case 
of  sickness  could  be  taken  to  the  hospital 
to  be  taken  care  of.  This  Society,  while  it 
provided  for  the  needs  of  many  of  the 
poor,  did  not  prevent  frequent  cases  of 
duplication  in  individual  charity  nor  the 
special  efforts  of  churches  in  relieving 
their  own  people.  That  was  a  develop- 
ment that  was  to  come  later. 

The  first  records  of  the  Association 
show  the  list  of  officers  elected  in  the 
winter  of  1887-88,  when  Mrs.  Edward 
Taylor  was  made  President,  Mrs.  L.  C. 
Tallmadge,  Vice-President-at-large,  with 
a  Vice-President  from  each  of  the 
following  churches:  Congregational,  Pres- 
byterian, Episcopal,  Methodist  and  Baptist ; 
Miss  Josephine  Patterson,  Secretary ;  and 
Mrs.  J.  E.  Burke,  Treasurer. 

A  sewing  school,  to  teach  young  girls  be- 
longing to  needy  families  to  sew,  had  been 
organized  in  1883-84  and  in  this  year 
(1887)  Mrs.  Edward  Belknap  was  appoint- 
ed the  chairman  of  the  sewing-school.  Dur- 
ing this  same  winter — which  is  memorable 
for  organization — the  Kitchen  Garden  As- 
sociation was  formed,  for  the  purpose  of 
giving  some  instruction  in  cleaning,  set- 
ting tables,  making  beds  and  other  house- 
work, that  would  make  it  easier  for  girls 
to  secure  positions  where  they  could  earn 
something  to  help  themselves  and  their 
families.  This  Kitchen  Garden  was  first 
taught  by  Miss  Gardner  of  Chicago,  who 
trained  several  of  the  younger  Evanston 
ladies  to  be  teachers  and  to  continue  the 
school.  In  the  year  1887,  Mrs.  L.  C.  Tall- 
madge and  Miss  Kate  Lord  were  appoint- 
ed to  have  charge  of  the  Kitchen  Garden. 
Mrs.  Blanchard,  Mrs.  Watson,  and  Mrs. 
Balding  formed  the  committee  to  raise 
funds.  The  amount  of  money  received 
was  in  no  sense  insignificant,  for  from  the 
first  of  November,  1887,  to  the  first  of  No- 


vember, 1888,  the  Treasurer's  books  show 
receipts  of  over  $800. 

Another  form  of  benevolence  had  been 
maintained  by  the  Flower  Mission,  an  or- 
ganization of  young  women  in  the  village 
whose  chief  duty  it  was  to  gather  and 
send  to  Chicago,  for  distribution,  both 
garden  and  greenhouse  flowers.  This  so- 
ciety also  had  done  some  relief  work,  but 
in  October,  1887,  the  Benevolent  Society 
and  the  Flower  Mission  were  consolidated, 
a  constitution  was  adopted,  and  one  more 
step  was  taken  in  the  thorough  organiza- 
tion of  charity  work  in  the  village. 

The  work  done  by  this  Society  at  this 
time  consisted  chiefly  in  clothing  the  poor, 
and  it  had  also  helped  with  actual  money 
in  the  payment  of  rents,  but  as  the  village 
grew,  the  needy  increased  in  numbers  and, 
in  the  very^  last  of  1887,  it  was  decided 
that  society  could  not  afford  to  pay  out 
money  for  rents,  nor  could  it  provide  cof- 
fee, sugar,  and  butter,  except  in  cases  of 
illness.  Throughout  the  records  of  the  Be- 
nevolent Society  the  reports  of  the  Sew- 
ing School  and  the  Kitchen  Garden  fur- 
nish interesting  reading;  and  the  gener- 
osity of  various  merchants  of  Evanston 
and  of  the  doctors  in  rendering  profes- 
sional services  free  are  many  times  grate- 
fully acknowledged.  In  October,  1888,  it 
was  decided  to  confine  the  work  of  relief 
strictly  within  the  villages  of  North  Ev- 
anston, Evanston  and  South  Evanston. 
Tickets  were  also  distributed  amongst 
householders  in  these  three  villages,  which 
were  to  be  given  to  all  applicants  for  relief, 
directing  these  latter  to  the  proper  author- 
ities. 

In  October,  1889,  the  Society  decided  to 
hold  an  open  business  meeting  at  the  be- 
ginning of  each  sewing  meeting,  and  to 
ask  for  reports  from  each  department  con- 
nected with  the  work.  This  had  a  ten- 
dency to  increase  the  attendance  at  the 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


407 


meetings  and  to  further  the  interests  of 
the  Society.  Up  to  this  time  the  money 
had  been  soHcited  either  by  representa- 
tives from  the  churches  or  by  a  general 
finance  committee  ;  but  in  this  year  (1889) 
a  sohcitor  was  appointed  for  each  side  of 
the  village  —  these  being  Mrs.  Bishop  and 
Mrs.  Gridley  for  the  east  side  and  Mrs. 
George  Judd  for  the  west.  The  minutes  of 
October  29,  1889.  are  interesting  to  read, 
because  the  problem  of  furnishing  fuel 
to  the  poor  was  so  well  met  by  the  ofifer  of 
Mr.  Hugh  Wilson  to  give  ten  tons  of  coal, 
and  the  enumeration  of  garments  (old  and 
new)  blankets,  shoes,  etc..  indicates  that 
the  work  afterwards  performed  by  the 
Needle  Work  Guild  was  so  well  done  at 
this  time  by  the  general  Society.  Another 
point  noticed  in  these  minutes  is  the  sug- 
gestion of  Miss  Lord's  growing  out  of  her 
experience  as  the  head  of  the  Kitchen 
Garden,  that  steps  should  be  taken  to 
found  a  cooking  school  in  Evanston.  The 
teachers  of  the  Kitchen  Garden  drilled 
their  girls  for  a  public  entertainment 
which  was  given  very  successfully  and 
the  money  received  was  afterwards  ap- 
plied to  that  purpose. 

Hospital  Projected. — In  the  minutes  of 
February  11,  1890,  occur  these  words: 
"The  hospital  question  was  agitated,  and 
it  was  decided  to  call  a  meeting  on  Tues- 
day, February  15th,  at  Mrs.  Tallmadge's, 
of  a  committee  of  six  ladies,  one  from  each 
church,  to  discuss  the  propriety  of  estab- 
lishing a  hospital  in  Evanston."  The 
names  of  this  committee  were  as  follows : 
Baptist  Church,  Mrs.  Charles  F.  Grey ; 
Presbyterian  Church,  Mrs.  H.  E.  Daniels ; 
Methodist  Church,  Mrs.  Tallmadge  and 
Mrs.  A.  L.  Butler;  Congregational 
Church,  Mrs.  Joseph  Larimer;  Episcopal 
Church,  Mrs.  H.  W.  Hinsdale ;  and  from 
the  village  at  large,  Mrs.  William  Blanch- 
ard.     In  this  vear,  also,  it  was  decided  to 


organize  an  auxiliary  society  in  North 
Evanston,  and  the  names  of  Mrs.  Corn- 
stock,  Mrs.  Carson  and  Mrs.  Boomer  are 
associated  with  the  reports  of  work  done 
by  this  society. 

The  cooking  school  proposed  by  Miss 
Lord  was  established  in  the  basement  of 
the  Congregational  Church  in  the  winter 
of  1889  and  1890,  under  the  care  of  Miss 
Lord  and  Miss  Mary  Bradley.  The  young 
girls  were  very  well  instructed  as  cooks, 
waitresses  and  house  maids. 

In  1890  other  names  appear  amongst 
the  list  of  officers,  Mrs.  P.  S.  Shumway 
being  made  President,  Mrs.  Hugh  R.  Wil- 
son Vice-President  from  the  Methodist 
Church,  Mrs.  W.  E.  Stockton  from  the 
Presbyterian,  Mrs.  Fred  Washburn  from 
the  Congregational,  Mrs.  Morse  from  the 
Baptist,  Mrs.  David  Cooke  from  the  Epis- 
copal, Mrs.  Charles  Haskins  from  the  Im- 
manuel.  Miss  Lindgren  from  the  Swedish 
Methodist,  Mrs.  Magill  from  the  Catho- 
lic ;  Secretary,  Miss  Maud  Wycoff,  and 
Treasurer,  Mrs.  Whitely  ;  and  Miss  Boutell 
the  chairman  of  the  Flower  Mission.  On 
December  i,  1890,  the  Treasurer  reports 
the  treasury  empty  and  in  debt,  but  a  lit- 
tle later  in  the  month  she  reports  $72  in 
the  treasury  and  Mrs.  Stockton  for  the 
Presbyterian  Church  reports  a  collection 
of  $105,  so  the  response  to  the  solicitors 
was  always  to  be  depended  upon.  Mrs. 
Wilder,  the  visitor,  reported  at  this  same 
meeting  that  she  had  provided  nineteen 
families  with  Thanksgiving  dinners.  This, 
of  course,  was  in  addition  to  many  such 
dinners  provided  by  individuals  and 
churches.  By  the  last  day  of  the  year  1890 
the  Treasurer  reported  $527  on  hand,  a 
part  of  which  was  given  by  the  Business 
Men's  Association  of  the  town  and  part  by 
the  collection  taken  at  the  union  services 
on  Thanksgiving  day.  About  this  time 
the  Society  begins  to  recognize  the  work 


4o8 


CHARITABLE  ASSOCIATIONS 


of  the  King's  Daughters,  who  are  reported 
as  making  garments  for  the  Benevolent 
Society  and  acting  as  visitors  to  some 
poor  famihes. 

Another  reference  to  the  need  of  an  Ev- 
anston  hospital  is  found  in  the  minutes  of 
April  6,  1891,  when  Mrs.  Butler  reports 
upon  a  plan  of  founding  a  small  hospital.  At 
the  meeting  of  October  14,  1891,  Mrs.  Wild- 
er suggested  that,  as  the  amount  in  the 
treasury  ($367)  was  unusually  large,  a 
part  of  it  be  appropriated  for  hospital  pur- 
poses :  and  in  accordance  with  this  sug- 
gestion, $300  was  set  aside  for  that  pur- 
pose. By  this  time  the  attempt  to  divide 
the  sewing  hitherto  done  at  the  afternoon 
meetings  among  the  churches  was  tried, 
although  the  cutting  was  still  done  by  the 
cutters  appointed  by  the  general  society. 

The  annual  meeting  for  the  year  1891 
shows  total  receipts  of  $734  and  disburse- 
ments $666.  The  Flower  Mission  report- 
ed that  year  having  sent  70  crates  of  flow- 
ers to  the  Chicago  hospitals.  The  Kitch- 
en Garden  seems  to  have  served  its  pur- 
pose and,  for  a  time,  it  was  thought  wise 
to  abandon  it.  The  work  for  the  Relief 
Committee  had  increased  so  much  by  1891 
that  it  was  found  necessary  to  hire  a  cab 
for  its  use,  although  the  number  of  cases 
visited  is  not  enumerated. 

At  Christmas  time  of  1892,  Mrs.  But- 
ler reported  that  she  had  provided  twelve 
families  with  Christmas  baskets,  and  it  is 
interesting  to  see  that  the  names  of  the 
same  families  appear,  year  after  year, 
amongst  the  poor  and  needy,  although 
sickness  and  drunkenness  in  the  head  of 
the  family  seem  to  be  the  prevailing 
causes  of  this  poverty. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  1892,  Mrs. 
Walworth  was  made  President,  with 
V^ice-Presidents  Mrs.  P.  B.  Shumway, 
from  the  Methodist,  Mrs.  H.  L.  Boltwood 
from  the  Congregational,  Mrs.  W.  B.  Top- 


liff  from  the  Presbyterian.  Mrs.  L.  K.  Gil- 
son  from  the  Baptist,  Mrs.  H.  W.  Hins- 
dale from  St.  Marks,  Mrs.  W'm.  Cowper 
from  St.  Lukes,  Mrs.  Herman  Poppen- 
husen  from  the  Presbyterian  South,  Mrs. 
J.  O.  Foster  from  the  Methodist  South, 
Mrs.  F.  M.  Forrey  from  Wheadon,  Mrs. 
M.  J.  Boomer  from  the  Central,  Mrs.  H. 
W.  Brough  from  the  Unitarian  and  Mrs. 
Robert  Magill  from  the  Catholic  Church. 
Buying  Committee,  Mrs.  Wilder  ;  Visiting 
Committee,  Mrs.  A.  D.  Sanders. 

It  was  at  this  meeting  that  it  was  de- 
cided to  change  the  name  of  the  Society 
to  the  Associated  Charities  of  Evanston, 
and  an  amendment  was  added  to  the  con- 
stitution to  this  effect,  the  number  of  vice- 
presidents  increased,  as  is  to  be  seen  by 
the  foregoing  list  of  ofificers,  and  all  char- 
ities in  the  three  parts  of  the  city  were 
represented  on  the  board.  The  following 
quotation  from  the  report  of  the  Relief 
Committee  of  this  year  shows  how  the 
work  of  the  Benevolent  Society  had  in- 
creased from  the  time  of  the  informal 
meeting  in  Mrs.  Blanchard's  parlors  to 
October  3,  1892: 

"During  the  past  year  we  have  cared  for 
one  or  more  members  of  thirty-two  differ- 
ent families.  These  have  been  furnished 
food,  medicine,  fuel,  clothing,  nurses,  hos- 
pital services,  and  in  a  few  cases,  funeral 
expenses.  We  have  had  surgical  cases, 
partial  blindness,  consumption,  diphtheria, 
typhoid  fever,  scarlet  fever,  inflammatory 
rheumatism,  erysipelas,  deformities,  con- 
finement cases.  We  have  furnished  work 
of  all  varieties  for  both  sexes.  We  have 
provided  all  sorts  of  things,  from  a  nurs- 
ing bottle  to  a  load  of  hay,  the  last  being 
given  in  order  that  the  father  of  eight  chil- 
dren— one  of  whom,  together  with  the 
mother,  had  been  sick  eight  weeks  with  ty- 
phoid fever — should  not  be  obliged  to  sell 
his  cow  which  provided  the  greater  part  of 
food  for  the  sick  and  little  ones.  One  of 
the  greatest  difficulties  met  with  has  been 
that  of  procuring  nurses  willing  to  go  into 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


409 


the  homes  of  these  famiHes.  But  the  com- 
pletion of  the  hospital  now  near  at  hand, 
will,  we  trust,  obviate  the  necessity.^' 

This  report  of  Mrs.  Butler's  pointed 
forward  not  only  to  the  necessity  for  a 
hospital  in  Evanston,  but  to  the  need  of  a 
visiting  nurse.  This  need  was  soon  met 
as  will  be  see  further  on  in  this  chapter. 

The  Flower  Mission  reported  that  fall 
a  distribution  of  49^^  crates  of  flowers, 
three  baskets  of  bouquets  and  5^-2  crates 
mostly  of  hot-house  roses,  the  gift  of  Mr. 
Weiland.  The  Kitchen  Garden  reported 
a  class  of  twenty-four,  the  Sewing  School 
reported  an  attendance  of  ninety  scholars 
and  eleven  teachers.  The  receipts  for  that 
year  were  over  $800. 

Change  of  Name. — The  change  from 
Benevolent  Society  to  Associated  Char- 
ities made  it  desirable,  and  even  necessary, 
to  seek  a  permanent  place  of  meeti^ng,  and 
Mrs.  Whitely  and  Mrs.  Tallmadge  volun- 
teered to  see  the  Mayor  and  ascertain  if  a 
small  room  in  the  new  City  Hall  could  be 
secured.  The  report  of  the  next  meeting 
shows  that  the  Mayor  readily  acceded  to 
the  request.  At  this  time  the  Society  had 
been  meeting  in  the  dififerent  church  par- 
lors instead  of  in  the  individual  homes  as 
at  first.  The  room  in  the  City  Hall  was 
not  yet  finished  in  November  of  1892  and 
it  continued  to  be  necessary  to  meet  in  dif- 
ferent churches.  At  one  of  these  meetings 
the  minutes  relate  that  a  large  clothes 
basket  was  heaped  with  new  garments 
made  during  the  day.  By  Dec.  19,  1892, 
the  room  in  the  City  Hall  was  furnished 
and  was  made  the  depot  for  garments  old 
and  new.  and  it  was  announced  in  the  city 
press  that  the  room  was  open  to  all 
comers. 

The  relief  committee  of  this  year  volun- 
teered to  distribute  Christmas  dinners  to 
those  needing  them,  which  were  promised 
by  Sunday  schools  and  private  parties.  It 


was  reported  at  this  meeting  that  Mr.  Mc- 
Mahon  had  received  $100  from  an  Evan- 
ston gentleman  to  invest  in  chickens  and 
turkevs,  and  that  they  would  be  distribut- 
ed from  one  of  the  markets  on  Christmas 
eve. 

.A^t  the  annual  meeting  of  1893,  it  was 
reported,  among  other  benevolences,  that 
an  Evanston  gentleman  had  offered  to  fur- 
nish new  shoes  to  any  one  recommended 
by  a  committee  from  the  Associated  Char- 
ities. The  annual  report  of  this  year 
(1893)  speaks  of  the  difficulty  a  stranger 
experiences  in  believing  that  there  can  be 
want  and  destitution  in  so  beautiful  a 
place  as  Evanston.  The  report  says  the 
poor  are  usually  in  that  condition  because 
of  shiftless  habits,  lack  of  training  as  to 
the  use  of  money,  spending  freely  when 
not  earning,  not  laying  by  for  winter,  but 
adds:  "It  is  hard  to  refuse  coal  and  food, 
even  to  the  shiftless,  when  they  are  found 
suffering."  Another  large  gift  of  coal 
from  Mr.  Wilson  and  help  from  the  gro- 
cers in  the  matter  of  discount  is  grateful- 
ly acknowledged.  It  is  reported  that  265 
new  garments  vvere  made  and  given  out 
from  the  City  Hall  in  this  year.  The  re- 
ports of  the  Society  show  a  constant  im- 
provement in  organization,  investigation 
and  discrimination,  and  new  names  are 
constantly  being  added  to  the  lists  of  of- 
ficers and  visitors.  This  increased  care 
in  the  distribution  of  charity  was  gradual- 
ly reducing  the  relief  formerly  given  from 
door  to  door  and  the  claim  that  the  charity 
of  the  kindly  disposed  was  abused  by  the 
unworthy  poor  was  being  surely  under- 
mined. It  was  in  1893  that  the  ladies  de- 
cided to  interview  the  ministers  of  the 
town  and  seek  to  have  the  entire  collec- 
tion of  the  union  Thanksgiving  service 
given  to  the  Associated  Charities.  By  this 
time  the  Society  recognizes  the  gifts  of 
the  Needle  Work  Guild,  an  organization 


J.IO 


CHARITABLE  ASSOCIATIONS 


whose  work  will  be  referred  to  later.  The 
generosity  of  the  merchants  of  Evanston 
is    constantly    noted,    and    the    distributing 
station  was  made  available  for  the  distri- 
bution of  the  donations   from  the  grocery 
stores  and  bakeries  as  well  as  for  clothing. 
Auxiliary  Organization. — In  1894,  when 
Mrs.  J.  E.  Scott  was  President  of  the  As- 
sociated   Charities,    a    Mothers'    Sewing 
School    was    organized    as    an    additional 
means  of  helping  mothers  to  clothe  their 
children.     A  careful  record  was  kept  in 
1894  and    1895,  not  only  of  the  officers, 
visitors  and  committees,  but  also  of  the 
pastors  of  all  churches  and  the  represen- 
tatives from  each  church  on  the  Execu- 
tive Board  of  the  Associated  Charities. 
The  boundaries  of  the  wards  are  given 
and  the  visitors  are  named  according  to 
their  wards.    October  i,  1894,  Mrs.  H.  L. 
Boltwood   was   elected    President ;   Mrs.   J. 
E.    Scott,    Vice-President;    Mrs.    C.    J. 
Whitely,  Treasurer;  Mrs.  L.  G.  Wescott, 
Secretary;  Mrs.  A.  D.  Sanders,  Chairman 
of  the  Visiting  Committee,  and  Mrs.  J.  E. 
Scott,     Superintendent     of    the     Sewing 
School.    Out  of  the  sewing  class  for  moth- 
ers had  come  a  sewing  class  for  children, 
and  Mrs.  Strawbridge,  a  teacher  of  sew- 
ing, came  out  from  the  city  on  Saturday 
afternoons  to  teach  them.    A  regular  sys- 
tematic course  of  instruction  was  given, 
which  secured  the  interest  of  the  children 
and   uniformity   in   the  work.     The  chil- 
dren were   required   to  come  with   clean 
hands,  faces  and  aprons.    The  receipts  for 
the  year  1894  are  reported  at  $1,630  and 
the  work  of  visiting  the  poor  was  much 
more  efficiently  carried  on  because  of  the 
division  of  labor.    No  help  was  given  until 
the    homes    had   been   visited    and    great 
pains  taken  to  ascertain  the  exact  state  of 
the  family. 

The  work  of  the  different  wards  is  in- 
teresting as  showing  where  the  greatest 


needs  were.  In  the  First  Ward  20  fam- 
ilies were  helped ;  in  the  Second,  6;  in  the 
Third,  11  ;  in  the  Fourth,  24;  in  the  Fifth, 
45  ;  in  the  Sixth,  32 ;  in  the  Seventh,  67 ; 
and  in  North  Evanston,  47. 

At  the  meeting  of  November  21st,  in 
order  to  have  some  uniformity  in  the  dis- 
tribution of  groceries,  the  following  rule 
was  adopted :  "The  following  articles  can 
be  ordered  by  the  visitor:  beans,  potatoes 
by  the  peck  or  half  peck  only,  cheap  cof- 
fee or  tea  in  small  quantities,  sugar  in 
small  quantities,  corn-meal  or  oat-meal, 
rice,  salt,  flour,  laundry  soap  by  the  bar ; 
no  meat,  except  in  the  case  of  sickness." 

In  1895  occurs  the  last  mention  of  the 
Kitchen  Garden,  when  it  was  decided  to 
donate  the  material  used  in  the  instruction 
to  the  Northwestern  University  Settle- 
ment of  Chicago.  At  the  annual  meeting 
it  was  reported  that  there  had  been  re- 
ceived $831  and  that  $795  had  been  dis- 
bursed. The  President  reported  over  1,500 
garments,  the  value  of  which  is  not  in- 
cluded in  the  money  receipts.  Of  these, 
the  new  garments  were  contributed  by  the 
Needlework  Guild.  At  this  meeting  Mrs. 
Brewer  was  elected  President,  Mrs.  Bolt- 
v/ood,  Vice-President,  Mrs.  Sanders,  Sec- 
retary, and  Mrs.  Whitely,  Treasurer,  with 
representatives  from  each  of  the  churches. 

In  1896  the  German  Catholic  Church  re- 
ported that  it  would  care  for  all  its  poor 
and  needy,  and  any  Catholics  applying  to 
the  Associated  Charities  were  almost  sure 
to  be  unworthy.  This  lessened  the  field 
for  the  society.  At  the  annual  meeting  of 
1896  Mrs.  J.  E.  Scott  was  made  President 
and  Mrs.  Cragin,  Secretary,  with  Vice- 
Presidents  representing  the  different 
churches  as  usual.  The  winter  of  1896 
opened  early  and  the  women  began  cast- 
ing about  for  means  to  employ  the  men 
and  women  who  applied  for  aid  that  they 
might  earn  the  relief  that  was  granted 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


411 


them.  October  28th,  at  a  meeting  in  the 
Congregational  Church,  Rev.  Mr.  South- 
gate  was  asked  to  be  present  and  he  spoke 
of  the  possibiHty  of  arranging  such  work 
for  both  men  and  women.  A  wood  yard 
was  proposed  for  the  men  where  they 
could  saw  and  split  wood  and  a  work  room 
for  women,  where,  under  a  superinten- 
dent, they  could  be  instructed  in  repairing 
and  making  garments,  receiving  either 
clothing  or  provisions  as  compensation. 
After  this  talk  a  committee  was  appointed 
to  see  the  city  officials,  and  to  ask  them  to 
help  in  establishing  a  wood  yard.  The 
report  of  this  committee  was  given  at  the 
next  meeting  and  was  very  favorable.  The 
Mayor  offered  to  furnish  work  and  a  su- 
perintendent to  supervise  it,  the  wood  be- 
ing obtained  by  cutting  oiif  the  piles  of  the 
old  Davis  Street  pier.  A  great  deal  of 
cleaning  was  secured  in  the  public  schools 
during  this  winter  for  the  women,  an  ar- 
rangement which  worked  well  in  both  di- 
rections— making  the  recipients  of  the 
city's  charity  feel  that  they  had  earned  it, 
and  making  the  schools  much  more  sani- 
tary and  wholesome  for  children.  Twen- 
ty-eight men  were  employed  on  the 
streets  of  Evanston.  The  new  plan  in- 
stituted this  year,  of  requiring  work  from 
all  the  able-bodied  who  had  been  assisted, 
proved  very  successful,  the  records  show- 
ing that  only  three  persons  refused  to 
work,  and  that  many  had  expressed  their 
satisfaction  at  being  allowed  to  do  so. 
This  year  it  is  recorded  that  over  1,200 
visits  were  made  by  the  visitors  of  the 
Society. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  1897,  Mrs. 
AMlliam  M.  Green  was  made  President; 
Mrs.  J.  L.  Whitlock,  Vice-President ;  Mrs. 
S.  G.  White,  Secretary:  and  Mrs.  Joseph 
Lyons,  Treasurer.  It  was  decided  to  give 
no  assistance  to  the  able-bodied  this  year 
without  its  equivalent  of  work,  and  two 


rooms  in  the  City  Hall  were  given  to 
ladies  for  their  use  as  a  distributing 
center. 

From  this  time  on  the  work  of  the  As- 
sociated Charities  runs  in  regular  grooves, 
well  organized,  systematized,  and  admir- 
ably accomplished.  The  next  year  Mrs. 
Whitlock  was  made  President  and  has 
served  in  that  capacity  up  to  the  present 
writing.  The  records  show  the  increasing 
use  of  the  plan  of  no  aid  without  services 
rendered,  and  the  number  of  unworthy  ap- 
plicants has  been  reduced  to  almost  noth- 
ing. With  the  aid  of  the  visiting  nurse, 
the  sick  poor  have  been  cared  for;  the 
homeless  old  people  have  been  put  into 
proper  institutions  or  sent  to  their  own 
people  in  more  or  less  distant  places  ;  chil- 
dren have  been  clothed  and  fed  and  kept 
in  school ;  and  any  one  who  wishes  to 
give  to  the  relief  work  in  the  city  can  do 
so  with  every  assurance  that  his  contri- 
bution will  be  wisely  and  carefuly  ad- 
ministered. The  work  of  the  Associated 
Charities  has  shown  an  increasing  co-op- 
eration with  the  other  forces  of  the  town 
that  make  for  the  comfort  of  the  needy 
and  for  righteousness.  The  Supervisor, 
the  Chief  of  Police,  the  Officer  of  the  PIu- 
mane  Society,  the  Probation  Officer,  the 
Associated  Charities,  the  Hospital,  the 
Visiting  Nurse,  and  the  Needle  Work 
Guild,  have  so  interwoven  their  advice, 
their  special  knowledge  of  needs  and  their 
means  of  relief,  that  the  best  results  have 
been  obtained.  The  work  of  soliciting 
funds  is  still  done  by  the  representatives 
of  different  churches  on  the  Board,  and 
the  successful  efforts  of  the  officers  of  the 
Society  to  secure  work  supplement  these 
actual  money  donations.  At  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  twentieth  anniversary  of 
the  founding  of  the  Society  ( 1903),  the  Sec- 
retary reported  that  the  work  of  the  So- 
ciety began  early  on  account  of  the  prev- 


412 


CHARITABLE  ASSOCIATIONS 


alence  of  smallpox  in  the  city.  Nearly  all 
the  afflicted  families  were  those  of  labor- 
ers who  were  necessarily  kept  from  their 
work  and,  in  some  cases,  the  fathers  were 
the  only  nurses  for  wives  and  children. 
The  Society  furnished  an  abundance  of 
clothing  suitable  for  the  sick,  and  when 
this  was  destroyed  upon  the  recovery  of 
the  patients,  furnished  still  other  outfits. 
But  this  is  the  only  epidemic  which  the 
Society  has  had  to  contend  with.  Seven- 
teen hundred  and  sixty  garments,  old  and 
new,  were  distributed  this  3'ear.  The  re- 
port closed  with  these  words:  "If  suc- 
cess is  measured  by  activity  and  consci- 
entious efifort.  this  year  deserves  to  be 
placed  in  line  with  those  preceding  it." 

St.  Vincent  De  Paul  Society.— In  1887 
the  Evanston  branch  of  the  St.  Vincent 
de  Paul  Society  was  organized  and  be- 
came auxiliary  to  the  great  Catholic  So- 
ciety of  the  same  name  three  or  four  years 
later.  This  society  is  composed  of  men  in 
the  Catholic  Church  who  are  devoted  to 
the  relief  of  distress,  the  care  of  the  sick 
and  the  burying  of  the  dead.  It  is  unique 
in  Evanston  in  being  a  society  composed 
of  men,  aided,  when  necessary,  by  an 
auxiliary  society  of  ladies.  It  is  non- 
sectarian  in  its  work,  aiding  any  cases  of 
distress,  although  later,  after  time  for  in- 
vestigation, if  found  to  be  non-Catholic, 
the  case  is  turned  over  to  the  proper 
church  or  institution. 

It  co-operates  with  the  Visiting  Nurse 
and  the  Associated  Charities  and  the 
ladies  of  the  auxiliary  are  members  of  the 
Needle  Work  Guild,  their  contribution  to 
the  Association  being  returned  to  them 
for  distribution  by  this  Society.  It  has 
raised  in  money  about  $4,700  in  the  last 
seventeen  years,  although  one  of  its  fun- 
damental principles  is  never  to  give 
money  directly,  preferring  to  furnish  pro- 
visions and,  if  possible,  to  aid  the  recipi- 


ent in  earning  the  assistance.  In  many 
cases  the  women  so  aided  have  been  glad 
of  the  opportunity  to  pay  for  it  by  scrub- 
bing and  cleaning  in  the  parochial  school 
and  the  church.  This  is  a  society  which 
seldom  makes  public  reports  but  prefers 
to  do  its  work  without  the  sound  of  trum- 
pets. The  society  has  been  served  by  the 
same  officers  since  its  founding:  Mr. 
Daniel  RIcCann,  President;  Mr.  Cullen, 
Secretary. 

The  Woman's  Club. — Although  the 
Woman's  Club  was  founded  in  1889  for 
social  and  literary  purposes,  the  organ- 
ization was  very  early  interested  in  phil- 
anthropic work,  since  so  many  of  its 
members  were  interested  in  particular 
charitable  enterprises  and  sought  the  op- 
portunity to  lay  them  before  the  Club  and 
seek  its  support.  In  1891  before  the  Club 
was  divided  into  departments  (as  it  was 
later),  there  was  a  meeting  well  re- 
membered by  the  old  members,  when 
Mrs.  A.  L.  Butler  spoke  on  behalf  of  the 
need  of  a  hospital  in  this  community. 
Her  plea  for  the  sick  amongst  the  poor 
and  helpless  and  the  strangers  in  our 
midst  was  so  touching,  that  it  was  im- 
mediately determined  by  the  Club  to  en- 
deavor to  raise  money  to  help  found  a 
hospital.  A  committee  was  appointed 
with  Mrs.  Joseph  Hubbart  Chairman, 
and  it  was  determined  to  give  a  kirmess, 
the  plans  for  which  were  minute  and,  at 
the  same  time,  elaborate  and  kept  the 
ladies  of  the  town  busy  the  entire  sum- 
mer preparing  for  it.  A  most  successful 
kirmess  was  held,  continuing  for  five 
afternoons  and  evenings  and  netting  a 
sum  of  $3,500,  which  was  handed  over  to 
the  Hospital  Board,  which  had  already 
acquired  a  small  property,  for  hospital 
purposes. 

Later  Mrs.  H.  W.  Rogers  made  a  plea 
in    behalf    of    the    Kindergarten    of    the 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


413 


Northwestern  University  Settlement,  and 
$100  was  appropriated  from  the  club 
funds  to  apply  on  the  rental  of  better 
rooms  for  the  children.  When,  after  eight 
years  of  service  as  President  of  the  Club, 
Mrs.  Harbert  refused  a  renomination,  it 
was  decided  by  the  Executive  Board  to 
recognize  her  long  and  faithful  service 
to  the  Club  by  making  some  gift  in  her 
name  which  should  be  a  source  of  comfort 
and  blessing  to  humanity.  A  drinking 
fountain,  properly  inscribed,  was  erected 
on  Grand  Avenue,  near  the  corner  of 
Union  Street,  in  a  neighborhood  where 
no  such  convenience  existed  and  where 
thousands  pass  every  day.  While  this 
token  of  appreciation  was  not  erected  in 
Evanston  itself,  it  is  none  the  less  one  of 
the  expressions  of  brotherly  love  that 
Evanston  feels  for  the  great  neighboring 
city. 

About  this  time  the  records  show  the 
formation  of  a  separate  department  in 
the  Woman's  Club  to  be  called  the  Phil- 
anthropic Department,  the  purpose  of 
which  was  to  give  the  members  special 
opportunities  for  the  study  of  philan- 
thropy and  sociology  and  to  enable  them 
to  work  more  directly  in  the  interests  of 
any  charitable  project  that  they  chose. 
The  very  first  record  of  this  department 
showed  an  appropriation  of  $150  for  the 
benefit  of  the  Kindergarten  of  the  North- 
western University  Settlement,  the  Vaca- 
tion Schools,  Probation  Officer,  and  Vis- 
iting Nurse.  These  appropriations  vary 
in  amount,  but  invariably  they  result  in 
an  empty  treasury  which  was  refilled  by 
entertainments,  lecture  courses,  readings, 
and  various  such  methods  of  raising 
money,  besides  individual  pledges  and 
dues  of  the  members.  Alany  noted  speak- 
ers and  workers  in  charitable  and  phil- 
anthropic fields  appeared  before  the  de- 
partment,   and    its    members    were    thus 


educated  in  the  idea  of  scientific,  organ- 
ized charity,  and  were  made  acquainted 
with  the  needs  of  all  kinds  of  endeavor. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  of  the  pur- 
poses for  which  this  department  has 
worked  is  that  of  the  Probation  Officer 
maintained  by  funds  raised  in  Evanston 
through  the  eflForts  of  members  of  this 
department,  from  September  i,  1900,  to 
May  r,  1903,  under  the  chairmanship  of 
Mrs.  W.  O.  Dean.  The  records  of  Jan- 
uary 31,  1902,  refer  to  a  meeting  held  at 
the  house  of  Mr.  H.  B.  Kurd,  where  Mr. 
Hurd  and  Miss  Clark,  a  probation  officer 
in  Chicago,  related  the  history  of  the 
Juvenile  Court  Bill,  told  of  the  work  of 
the  court  and  of  the  probation  officers. 
This  bill  was  drawn  by  Mr.  Hurd  and 
went  into  operation  July  i,  1899.  In  three 
years  previous  to  the  opening  of  the 
Juvenile  Court,  there  were  1,705  children 
(that  is,  boys)  under  sixteen  vears  of 
age  in  the  county  jail,  while  in  the  three 
years  following  the  opening  of  the  court, 
there  were  but  forty-eight.  Fourteen 
hundred  and  seven  of  the  cases  of  delin- 
quent children,  out  of  2,854  heard  in  the 
year  1902,  were  placed  in  charge  of  a  pro- 
bation officer,  and  these  are  the  very  pivot 
of  the  success  of  the  law.  The  formation 
of  the  law  itself  removes  children  from 
the  police  stations  and  from  jail ;  but  it 
is  the  faithful,  patient  work  of  the  pro- 
bation officer  wdiich  makes  this  removal 
of  real  value  to  the  child.  These  facts  ap- 
pealed to  the  members  of  the  department 
so  strongly,  that,  after  supporting  an 
officer  of  the  Children's  Aid  Society  for 
a  time,  as  a  probation  officer  of  this  court, 
they  finally  took  entire  charge  directly 
of  one  probation  officer  (Miss  Clark)  and 
paid  her  salary  until  it  was  necessary  for 
her  to  resign  her  work.  Up  to  the  present 
time,  the  minutes  of  the  Philanthropic 
Department  show  a  constant  interest  in 


414 


CHARITABLE  ASSOCIATIONS 


this  work,  and  it  is  noted  in  one  place 
that  during  that  year  seven  children  from 
Evanston  had  been  taken  before  the  Ju- 
venile Court.  This  care  of  neglected 
children  is  not  only  a  charitable  work  but 
one  of  real  economy. 

The  visiting  nurse  has  been  aided  di- 
rectly and  indirectly  in  the  discharge  of 
her  labors.  The  management  of  her 
work  lies  in  the  hands  of  a  committee 
chosen  from  this  department,  and  month- 
ly statements  of  her  work,  with  detailed 
information  about  the  individual  cases, 
are  regularly  given.  Any  special  need 
which  the  nurse  finds  for  medicine, 
clothes,  or  delicacies  for  the  sick  are  al- 
ways met  on  appeal  to  this  department. 

The  Needle  Work  Guild.— The  Needle 
Work  Guild  of  Evanston  was  organized 
in  1892  as  a  branch  of  the  Needle  Work 
Guild  of  America.  Mrs.  Charles  Hamill. 
of  Chicago,  came  to  Evanston  upon  the 
invitation  of  Miss  Nina  Lunt,  to  meet  the 
ladies  of  Evanston  at  the  house  of  Mrs. 
Arthur  Orr,  and  by  her  enthusiastic  pre- 
sentation of  the  work  of  this  society, 
persuaded  the  ladies  present  to  organize. 
Miss  Lunt  was  made  Honorary  President, 
Mrs.  Frank  Wilder  President,  and  Mrs. 
C.  F.  Bradley  Secretary,  but  no  records 
were  kept  of  the  work  of  the  first  two 
years.  The  purpose  of  the  Needle  Work 
Guild  is  to  collect  and  distribute  new, 
plain,  suitable  garments  to  meet  the  great 
need  of  hospitals,  homes,  and  other  char- 
ities, and  permits  each  branch  to  elect 
its  own  beneficiaries.  At  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  Guild  in  November,  1896, 
the  following  officers  were  elected:  Hon- 
orary President,  Miss  Lunt;  President, 
Mrs.  J.  E.  Scott;  Treasurer,  Miss  Sarah 
W.  Gillett;  Secretary,  Miss  Ethel  Grey. 
Sectional  Presidents  to  the  number  of 
twenty-one  were  appointed,  as  follows : 
Mrs.    Connell,    Mrs.    Chapin,    Mrs.  Shum- 


way.  Airs.  Clark,  Mrs.  Brooks,  Mrs. 
Steven^,  Mrs.  Whitely,  Mrs.  Fabian,  Mrs. 
W.  J.  Littlejohn,  Mrs.  Gallop,  Miss  Hoge, 
Miss  Harrows,  Mrs.  Hanford,  Mrs.  Ward, 
Mrs.  Isbester,  Mrs.  Magill,  Mrs.  Murphy, 
Mrs.  O'Connell,  Mrs.  Howard  Gray,  Mrs. 
J.  C.  Connor,  and  Mrs.  J.  E.  Scott.  The 
number  of  garments  gathered  at  this 
meeting  is  not  stated  in  the  records. 

At  the  meeting  of  1897  the  officers  of 
the  last  year  were  re-elected.  The  gar- 
ments were  distributed  as  follows :  To 
St.  Vincent  de  Paul  Society,  152 ;  Evan- 
ston Hospital,  187;  Girls'  Industrial 
School,  150;  special  cases,  266;  Asso- 
ciated Charities,  1,053 — Total,  1,810. 

At  the  annual  meeting  in  189B,  the 
garments  were  distributed  as  follows :  To 
the  visiting  nurse,  398;  Girls'  Industrial 
School,  217;  The  Evanston  Hospital, 
141;  Old  Ladies'  Home,  67;  Associated 
Charities,  944;  special  cases,  43 ;  St.  Vin- 
cent de  Paul  Society,  163 — Total,  1,973. 

At  the  annual  meeting  in  1899  the  gar- 
ments were  distributed  to  the  same  bene- 
ficiaries as  the  year  before,  with  the  addi- 
tion of  the  King's  Daughters'  Fresh  Air 
Home,  which,  by  that  time,  had  been 
established  in  Evanston.  At  this  time 
there  were  1,560  garments  completed. 
At  the  annual  meeting  in  1900,  the  same 
list  of  beneficiaries  were  maintained,  and 
a  total  of  1,574  garments  were  distributed. 
In  1901,  with  the  same  board  of  officers, 
1.684  garments  were  distributed.  At  the 
election  of  officers  in  1902,  Miss  Hemp- 
sted  was  elected  Secretary  and  Mrs.  C.  T. 
Connell  was  made  Honorary  Presirent. 
This  year  the  total  number  of  garments 
collected  was  1,256.  At  the  annual  meet- 
ing of  1903,  Mrs.  T.  P.  Stanwood  was 
elected  President,  the  other  officers  re- 
maining the  same.  The  number  of  gar- 
ments collected  this  year  was  1600. 

The  total  money  receipts  during  these 


II 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


415 


years  was  $198,  and  it  has  been  the  annual 
custom,  after  deducting  the  dues  for 
membership  in  the  National  Society  for 
the  Needle  Work  Guild,  to  contribute 
nearly  the  balance  to  the  Visiting  Nurse 
fund. 

Mother's  Club  of  Noyes  Street. — In 
1896  a  group  of  mothers  and  teachers 
gathered  in  the  rooms  of  the  Noyes  Street 
School  House,  to  talk  over  the  needs  of 
the  neighborhood.  It  was  found  that 
there  were  many  children  attending  that 
school  who  were  poorly  clothed  and  whose 
mothers,  from  illness  or  poverty,  were 
not  able  to  provide  as  they  would  for  their 
children.  An  informal  sort  of  a  neighbor- 
hood society  grew  up,  which,  at  first,  de- 
voted itself  to  supplying  those  needs  of 
the  people  which  were  evident  to  the 
eyes  of  the  teachers,  and  all  mothers  of 
the  neighborhood  were  invited  to  join. 
The  club  met  by  permission  of  the  School 
Board  in  the  school  building  and  made 
over  and  renovated  all  garments  that 
were  contributed.  There  developed  a 
feeling  of  friendliness  and  neighborliness 
which  carried  the  work  of  helpfulness  into 
the  homes,  and  at  the  occasional  evening 
meetings  which  were  held  in  the  school 
house,  entertainment  in  the  form  of  music, 
readings,  and  lectures  was  freely  given 
and  enjoyed  by  the  fathers,  mothers,  and 
young  children  of  the  neighborhood. 
Christmas  trees  were  contributed  and 
decorated,  and  from  year  to  year  it  was  so 
managed  that  the  gifts  on  the  tree  were 
largely  the  manufacture  of  the  children 
for  each  other  and  for  their  fathers  and 
mothers. 

From  the  first  the  desire  to  help  others 
has  been  a  conspicuous  characteristic  of 
this  neighborhood  club,  and  for  seven 
years  it  has  been  the  custom  of  the 
women  to  invite  from  300  to  350  women 
and  children  from  the  city,  from  the  least 


favored  quarters,  to  an  all-day's  picnic  on 
the  lake  shore  in  Evanston.  These 
mothers  and  children  have  been  brought 
out,  entertained,  fed  and  returned  to  their 
homes  in  entire  safety  and  at  the  expense 
of  the  treasury  of  the  Mother's  Club. 

A  knitting  machine  owned  by  the 
Woman's  Club  of  Evanston  has  been  for 
several  years  in  the  home  of  one  of  the 
members  of  this  Mothers'  Club.  On  it 
she  has  knit  the  legs  of  nearly  500  pairs 
of  stockings  which  have  been  footed  by 
the  mothers  who  knew  how  to  knit,  at  the 
regular  meetings  of  the  club.  In  one 
year  this  Club  has  distributed  1,000  gar- 
ments, including  these  stockings. 

Visiting  Nurse  Association. — In  the 
year  1897  a  mother,  who  had  been  recent- 
ly bereaved,  felt  that  she  would  like  to  do 
something  in  the  name  of  her  daughter 
for  other  mothers  who  were  trying  to 
care  for  sick  children.  She  called  a  few 
women  who  were  experienced  in  the 
charity  work  of  the  city  into  consulta- 
tion, and  asked  their  advice  as  to  the 
need  of  a  visiting  nurse  among  the  sick 
poor  of  Evanston.  The  women  were 
unanimous  in  believing  that  there  was 
much  suffering  and  sickness  which  could 
be  relieved  by  the  visits  that  such  a  nurse 
could  give,  and  upon  their  advice  Mrs. 
McMullen  offered  a  sum  of  money  suffi- 
cient to  keep  a  nurse  at  work  for  four 
months,  as  a  memorial  to  her  daughter. 
Miss  Faltz,  a  trained  nurse,  was  chosen 
to  inaugurate  the  work  and,  going  about 
the  town  from  north  to  south  and  far 
out  on  the  prairie,  she  found  plenty  of 
work   to  keep  her  busy. 

So  impressed  were  the  women  who  had 
been  consulted  in  the  matter  with  the 
success  of  the  experiment,  that  they  de- 
cided that  this  beautiful  work  must  not  be 
allowed  to  stop,  and  there  was  organized 
the  Visiting  Nurse  Association  of  Evan- 


4i6 


CHARITABLE  ASSOCIATIONS 


ston.  Mrs.  C.  H.  Chandler  was  made 
President  and  served  in  this  position  until 
her  death  in  1903.  Mrs.  P.  C.  Lutkin  was 
made  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  and  is 
still  serving  in  that  capacity.  I\Irs.  C.  F. 
Grey,  Mrs.  R.  B.  McMullen,  Mrs.  R.  H. 
Wyman,  Mrs.  J.  C.  Bundy,  Mrs.  T.  P. 
Stanwood,  Mrs.  O.  F.  Carpenter,  Mrs.  T. 
K.  Webster  are  among  those  who  have 
served  on  this  Association,  but  the  de- 
voted, intelligent,  increasing  attention  paid 
by  Mrs.  Chandler  and  Mrs.  Lutkin  have 
been  the  real  backbone  of  these  years  of 
its  work.  It  would  be  a  beautiful  thing 
if  the  Visiting  Nurse  could  be  endowed 
in  memory  of  Mrs.  Chandler. 

Only  one  nurse  has  been  employed  and 
she  has  been  maintained  by  friendly  gifts 
of  money.  She  visits  among  the  sick 
poor,  carrying  out  the  orders  of  the  phy- 
sician, if  one  is  employed,  bathing  and 
caring  for  mother  and  babe  in  maternity 
cases,  dressing  wounds,  cuts,  burns  and 
bruises,  making  poultices  for  pneumonia, 
and  giving  instructions  in  cleanliness  and 
sanitation.  Where  a  case  proves  too 
severe  for  care  at  home,  she  recommends 
it  to  the  hospital  where  the  response  has 
been  most  generous. 

Besides  this  care  of  the  actual  sick,  the 
services  of  this  nurse  are  invaluable  in 
the  prevention  of  the  spread  of  infectious 
diseases.  Many  families,  feeling  unable 
to  call  a  physician,  will  ask  for  the  ser- 
vices of  the  Visiting  Nurse,  and  she  is 
often  able  to  decide  that  a  case,  which 
seems  simple  to  an  ignorant  father  and 
mother,  is  really  a  danger  to  the  com- 
munity. Several  cases  of  scarlet  fever,  in 
different  years,  have  been  so  discovered 
and  isolated  and  the  possibility  or  prob- 
ability of  the  spread  of  these  diseases 
through  the  schools,  where  other  chil- 
dren of  the  same  family  were  in  attend- 
ance, has  been  avoided. 


Besides  rendering  assistance  as  a 
trained  nurse,  the  endeavor  is  made  to 
treat  each  individual  case  as  its  peculiar 
necessities  seem  to  demand,  giving  help 
in  time  of  greatest  need  and  saving  the 
small  wage-earner,  so  far  as  possible,  from 
the  worry  of  debt  and  discouragement 
consequent  upon  severe  illness.  It  is 
just  at  this  point  that  co-operation  be- 
tween the  Associated  Charities  and  the 
Visiting  Nurse  Association  has  been  most 
valuable.  This  sympathetic  aid  is  looked 
upon  as  the  larger  part  of  the  nurse's 
work.  The  nurse  goes  everywhere  within 
the  limits  of  Evanston  free  of  charge,  ex- 
cept where  patients  prefer  to  pay  a  small 
fee.  At  first  the  nurse  was  able  to  go 
about  on  her  bicycle  during  the  large 
part  of  the  year,  but  it  was  found  that 
this  mode  of  conveyance  exhausted  her 
strength  and  unfitted  her  for  much  of  the 
arduous  labor  that  she  is  called  upon  to 
perform.  The  necessity  for  providing  a 
carriage  of  some  sort  has  increased  the 
cost  of  maintaining  this  charity  some- 
what. The  Visiting  Nurse  Association 
is  made  up  chiefly  of  members  of  the 
philanthropic  department  of  the  Wo- 
man's Club,  and  monthly  reports  of  its 
work  are  given  this  department,  but  the 
department  is  not  able  to  maintain  the 
charity,  and  aids  it  only  so  far  as  its 
funds  make  it  possible. 

Miss  Faltz  was  the  Visiting  Nurse  in 
Evanston  from  November  i,  1898,  to 
November  i,  1902.  In  the  year  1898  she 
made  2.105  calls,  and  the  expense  for 
the  year  was  $661.62.  In  1899  she  made 
1,710  calls  at  an  expense  of  $915.23.  In 
1900  she  made  2,035  calls  and  the  expense 
was  $1,293.90.  On  November  i,  1901, 
Miss  Brown  took  Miss  Faltz's  place  and 
continued  the  work  until  December  i, 
1902.  In  1901  there  were  2,361  calls,  cost- 
ing $1,274.80.     December   i,   1902,   Miss 


1 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


417 


Warren  took  up  the  work  and,  in  that 
year,  made  2,505  calls,  and  the  expense 
was  $1,341.85.  In  1903  the  Nurse  made 
2,554  calls  and  the  expense  was  $1,312.50. 
In  1904  the  Nurse  made  2,608  calls  and 
the  expense  was  $1,350.75. 

In  cases  of  protracted  illness,  which  for 
any  reason  cannot  be  carried  to  the  hos- 
pital, the  Association  sends  a  special 
nurse  to  take  charge  of  the  case.  The 
money  is  solicited  by  means  of  a  little 
circular,  which  is  issued  each  year  and 
sent  by  post  to  the  people  of  Evanston. 
Kindly  disposed  friends  have  many  times 
given  special  entertainments  for  the 
benefit  of  this  fund,  and  some  particularly 
fme  dramatic  entertainments  have  been 
given  by  the  dramatic  department  of  the 
Country  Club.  The  little  circular  bears 
on  its  face  the  significant  words:  "I  was 
sick  and  ye  visited  me."  "Inasmuch  as 
ye  have  done  it  unto  one  of  the  least  of 
these,  my  brethren,  ye  have  done  it  unto 
me." 

King's  Daughters.  —  The  Evanston 
King's  Daughters  Society  was  founded 
by  Mrs.  Daniel  B.  Gardner  in  1893,  the 
first  membership  consisting  of  ten  young 
women  of  Evanston  who  wished  to  de- 
vote some  time  to  charity  work.  Mrs. 
Lucian  Harding  was  the  first  President, 
and  the  first  work  undertaken  was  the 
support  of  a  bed  in  the  Burling  Street 
Half  Orphan  Asylum,  which  is  still  main- 
tained by  the  King's  Daughters.  A  few 
years  later  it  was  decided  to  open  a  fresh - 
air  home  in  North  Evanston  for  the  poor 
working  girls  of  Chicago,  and  this  has 
continued  to  be  the  chief  work  of  the 
Circle  up  to  the  present  day. 

The  King's  Daughters  own  their  home 
at  2339  Hartzell  Street,  North  Evanston, 
for  which  they  paid  $3,000.  This  money 
was  raised  chiefly  by  the  management  of 
a   golf   club    during   several    years,   and 


also  by  donations  from  generous  friends. 
About  one  hundred  girls  from  Chicago 
are  given  a  two  weeks'  outing  every  sum- 
mer, the  home  being  open  generally  four- 
teen weeks  at  an  annual  expense  of  about 
$500.  The  money  to  carry  on  the  sum- 
mer's work  in  the  home  is  raised  each 
winter  by  the  King's  Daughters  in  vari- 
ous ways.  The  receipts  for  the  last  year 
show  a  candy  sale  and  musicale  as  sources 
of  income,  as  well  as  the  membership  fees 
from  active  and  associate  members. 

The  society  is  now  incorporated  and 
the  active  membership  is  limited  to  fifty. 
There  is  an  associate  membership  of  123 
well  known  citizens  of  Evanston,  who 
pay  one  dollar  annually  for  the  support 
of  the  home.  The  annual  report  just 
published  at  this  writing  shows  the  elec- 
tion of  the  following  board  of  officers: 
President,  Miss  Mary  Manson ;  Vice- 
President,  Mrs.  George  Peaks ;  Corres- 
ponding Secretary,  Miss  Alma  McDon- 
ald; Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  Elmer 
M.  Scott;  Treasurer,  Miss  Hoge;  with 
Mrs.  Fred  P.  Vose  and  Miss  Daisy  Pansier, 
Directors.  The  receipts  for  the  year  have 
been  $757  and  the  disbursements  $505, 
which  leaves  the  society  in  a  good  finan- 
cial condition. 

Camp  Good  'Will. — A  meeting  was  held 
in  the  rooms  of  the  Young  Alen's  Chris- 
tian Association  on  Monday  evening, 
March  12,  1900,  to  listen  to  Mr.  Charles 
F.  Weller,  Superintendent  of  the  West 
Side  District  of  the  Bureau  of  Associated 
Charities  of  Chicago,  who  called  attention 
to  the  great  benefit  of  giving  to  the  poor 
mothers  and  children,  living  in  the  un- 
sanitary and  crowded  parts  of  the  city, 
some  relief  during  the  hot  summer  months. 
Mr.  Weller  explained  the  purpose  and 
method  of  the  Camp  Good  Will  at  Oak 
Park,  which  has  been  in  successful  opera- 
tion for  three  years.     Three  members  of 


4i8 


CHARITABLE  ASSOCIATIONS 


the  executive  committee  of  that  Camp 
were  present  and  gave  interesting  details. 

The  meeting  manifested  hearty  interest 
in  the  work,  and  it  was  tliought  that,  if 
this  humane  enterprise  were  fully  brought 
to  the  attention  of  the  people  of  Evan- 
ston,  it  would  be  supported  and  carried 
through  to  complete  success.  According- 
ly it  was  voted  to  issue  a  call  for  another 
meeting,  to  be  held  at  the  rooms  of  the 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association  on 
Monday  evening,  March  26th,  at  8  o'clock. 
Mr.  Weller  was  present  with  stereopticon 
views  of  life  in  the  congested  wards  of 
Chicago,  and  contrasting  views  of  the 
Summer  Camp  at  Oak  Park.  Mr.  A.  H. 
Standish,  Secretary  and  Treasurer  of  the 
Camp,  was  present  and  furnished  infor- 
mation. 

All  the  Churches,  the  Clubs  and  the 
Associated  Charities  of  Evanston  were 
invited  to  attend,  with  a  view  to  definite 
action  and  organization,  if,  upon  consulta- 
tion, the  work  was  approved  and  under- 
taken. The  call  for  this  meeting  was 
signed  by  the  following:  J.  F.  Loba,  D.  D., 
B.  A.  Greene,  D.  D.,  J.  L.  Whitlock,  Julia 
M.  E.  Hintermcister,  Committee;  with 
W.  L.  Cobb,  Chairman  and  C.  B.  Foote, 
Secretary. 

The  different  aspects  of  country  and 
city  life  for  the  poor  were  brought  vividly 
before  an  audience  by  Mr.  Chas.  F.  Weller 
in  1900.  After  some  informal  discussion, 
on  motion  of  A.  W.  Kimball,  it  was 
voted  that  "this  meeting  is  cordial  in  its 
support  of  this  movement,  and  enthusias- 
tically recommends  it." 

It  was  voted  to  begin  the  organization 
of  a  summer  camp  by  appointing  a  Gen- 
eral Council  to  consist  of  two  from  each 
of  the  churches  there  present,  and  further 
that  each  of  the  Evanston  Churches  be 
asked  to  send  two  representatives  to  a 
meeting  to  be  held  on  Monday  evening. 


April  2(1,  to  complete  this  organization. 
Mr.  A.  W.  Kimball  and  Mr.  F.  H.  McCul- 
loch  were  appointed  members  of  the  Ex- 
ecutive Committee  from  the  First  Con- 
gregational Church ;  Mr.  D.  D.  Thomp- 
son and  Mr.  C.  O.  Boring  from  the  Em- 
manuel M.  E.  Church ;  Mr.  C.  K.  Pittman 
and  Mr.  J.  R.  Guilliams  from  the  Church 
of  all  Souls.  The  First  Baptist  Church 
was  represented  by  two  members  who 
promised  delegates  to  this  committee  for 
the  next  meeting,  and  communications 
were  reported  from  the  pastors  of  the 
First  Presbyterian  and  South  Presby- 
terian Churches,  expressing  sympathy 
with  the  work  and  a  desire  to  help.  Votes 
of  thanks  were  given  Mr.  Weller  and  Mr. 
Standish,  and  also  to  Prof.  Nichols  of 
South  Evanston,  who  furnished  and  oper- 
ated the  stereopticon. 

Those  who  were  interested  in  the  pro- 
ject of  establishing  Camp  Good  Will  in 
Evanston  were  glad  to  learn  that  its  suc- 
cess was  assured.  At  a  meeting  held 
Monday  evening  a  permanent  organiza- 
tion was  effected,  with  A.  W'.  Kimball  as 
Chairman;  F.  D.  Raymond,  Treasurer; 
and  C.  B.  Foote,  Secretary.  The  follow- 
ing committees  were  also  appointed : 
Grounds — A.  W.  Kimball,  F.  P.  Crandon, 
J.  R.  Guilliams ;  Plans — J.  R.  Guilliams, 
Dr.  B.  A.  Greene,  Dr.  J.  F.  Loba,  Rev. 
J.  W,  Francis,  Louis  S.  Rice ;  Finance — 
C.  K.  Pittman,  J.  L.  Whitlock,  F.  D. 
Raymond,  F.  E.  French,  C.  Poppenhusen. 
The  following  announcement  was  made: 

"The  camp  will  be  opened  in  July  and 
will  continue  for  several  weeks.  It  is 
hoped  that,  in  that  time,  as  many  as 
500  tired  mothers  with  their  children  will 
have  enjoyed  a  week  of  fresh  air  and  sun- 
shine, coming  in  sections  of  100  at  a 
time. 

"The  Bureau  of  Associated  Charities  of 
Chicago,    through    its    friendly    visitors, 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


419 


selects  need}'  and  deserving  people,  and 
experience  has  shown  that  their  visit 
brings  as  much  blessing  as  it  gives.  This 
was  proved  at  Oak  Park  by  the  fact  that 
the  work  was  continued  for  three  years 
and  is  still  going  on.  It  is  an  enterprise 
that  will  enlist  the  sympathy  of  the  peo- 
ple of  Evanston  and  all  will  have  an  op- 
portunity to  co-operate." 

A  meeting  of  the  General  Council  was 
held  at  the  rooms  of  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association,  Tuesday  evening. 
May  8th,  with  Mr.  A.  W.  Kimball  in  the 
chair.  Nine  members  were  present.  Mr. 
C.  Poppenhusen  was  appointed  Secretary, 
pro  tem.,  and  minutes  of  the  previous 
meeting  were  read  and  approved.  Mr.  J. 
Guilliams,  Chairman  of  Committee  on 
Selection  of  Grounds,  reported  they  had 
in  view  a  tract  of  ground  which  seemed 
to  his  Committee  very  desirable  for  the 
use  of  the  Camp.  The  property  belongs 
to  the  Northwestern  University,  and  the 
.chairman  thought  it  would  probaljly  be 
available.  A  meeting  of  the  Trustees  of 
the  University  was  to  be  held  May  21st, 
at  which  time  this  matter  was  to  be  con- 
sidered.   This  selection  was  approved. 

The  Finance  Committee  through  Mr. 
C.  K.  Pittman,  its  chairman,  advised  hav- 
ing a  union  meeting  of  the  churches  on 
Sunday  evening,  May  27,  if  practicable, 
at  the  First  Methodist  Church,  to  be 
addressed  by  Franklin  Mac\'eagh.  Presi- 
dent of  the  Chicago  Bureau  of  Charities, 
and  Mr.  Charles  F.  Weller,  Superinten- 
dent of  the  West  Division  of  the  Chicago 
Association.  The  plan  was  approved  and 
Mr.  Kimball  was  appointed  to  arrange 
for  a  public  meeting  as  outlined. 

The  following  plan  of  organization  for 
the  summer  camp  was  presented  by  Mr. 
Guilliams:  "We  recommend  the  follow- 
ing additional  committees,  to  have  special 
executive  duties,  but  under  the  instruc- 


tion of  and  reporting  to  the  Executive 
Committee:  Commissary  Committee; 
Entertainment  Committee ;  Committee 
on  Grounds  and  Tents  (sanitary,  etc.)  ; 
these  committees  to  be  appointed  from 
among  the  members  of  the  General  Coun- 
cil. 

"There  shall  be  an  auditor  of  accounts 
appointed  by  the  General  Council,  and 
that  auditor  shall  not  be  a  member  of  the 
Council. 

"A  resident  superintendent,  man  or 
woman,  satisfactory  to  the  executive  com- 
mittee, shall  be  appointed,  who  shall  have 
general  supervision  of  all  affairs  of 
the  camp,  such  as  the  cooking,  laundry 
work,  all  needful  sanitary  rules  and  rules 
of  behavior,  etc.,  etc.  And  this  super- 
intendent shall  be  paid  and  shall  engage 
the  other  paid  servants,  such  as  the  cook, 
laundry  workers,  and  any  others  found 
necessary ;  and  the  superintendent  en- 
gaging these  servants  shall  also  discharge 
them,  if  need  be,  for  any  reason.  But 
the  superintendent  shall  report  any  such 
matters  to  the  executive  committee,  if 
requested  to  do  so.  The  superintendent 
also  shall  be  under  the  authority  of  any 
committee  having  special  executive  func- 
tions, such  as  Committee  on  Tents  and 
Grounds,  Commissary  Committee,  etc. 
But  these  committees  shall  deal  with  the 
superintendent,  and  not  witli  the  serv- 
ants and  employes  direct. 

"The  several  churches  shall  each  as- 
sume charge  of  the  special  needs  of  the 
camp,  under  the  superintendent,  or  under 
any  special  committees  that  may  be  ap- 
pointed— such  needs  as  waiting  on  the 
table,  pleasant  social  service  and  as- 
sociation and  entertainment  for  the 
pleasure  of  the  guests ;  and  this  re- 
sponsibility shall  be  apportioned  among 
the  several  churches  according  to  their 
ability     and      willingness,      so     that     one 


420 


CHARITABLE  ASSOCIATIONS 


church  may  assume  the  special  duty 
for  one  week,  another  for  three  days, 
and  another  for  two  days,  etc. ;  and  the 
manner  in  which  each  church  shall  dis- 
charge this  responsibility,  by  committees, 
or  in  whatever  way.  shall  be  left  to  the 
arrangement  of  the  church  itself.  It  shall 
be  the  duty  and  power  of  the  General 
Council  to  apportion  and  appoint  the  serv- 
ice and  time  of  duty  for  each  church,  and 
the  special  time  for  each  church  shall  be 
arranged  and  appointed  in  the  beginning. 

"AH  donations  of  food  must  be  sent  to 
the  Commissary  Committee,  and  not  to 
the  guests  direct.  This  is  a  point  that 
shall  be  exclusively  under  the  daily  con- 
trol of  the  Superintendent  acting  under 
the  Commissary  Committee. 

"The  Executive  Committee  shall  de- 
termine what,  if  any,  shall  be  the  order 
of  the  day  in  the  Camp  on  Sunday,  and 
what,  if  any,  shall  be  the  meetings  held 
for  religious  purposes;  but  no  one  of  the 
guests  shall  be  obliged,  or  even  urged  be- 
yond a  kind  invitation,  to  take  part  in  any 
meeting  or  take  part  in  any  religious 
form,  or  assembly,  or  service. 

"The  General  Council  to  have  supreme 
power,  except  as  to  any  limitations  pro- 
vided herein,  and  except  that  it  must  not 
take  away  or  abridge  the  responsibility  of 
any  individual  church  once  assumed  and 
appointed,  at  the  beginning  or  thereafter, 
without  the  consent  of  the  church  being 
first  secured." 

Promoters  of  Camp  Good  \\'iH,  which 
was  to  be  established  on  the  lake  shore 
north  of  Sheppard  field  this  summer,  were 
more  than  pleased  with  the  result  of  the 
appeal  for  funds  made  at  a  union  mass 
meeting  of  all  local  churches,  held  in  the 
First  Presbyterian  Church.  More  than 
$1,400  was  raised  by  subscriptions.  This 
amount  was  made  more  conspicuous  to 
the  camp  enthusiasts  by  the  fact  that  the 


Oak  Park  outing  camp,  which  has  been 
so  successful  the  last  three  years,  started 
out  with  only  $23  to  back  it. 

The  church  was  well  filled  when  Dr. 
J.  F.  Loba,  of  the  First  Congregational 
Church,  introduced  C.  F.  Weller,  Super- 
intendent of  the  West  Division  office  of 
the  Chicago  Bureau  of  Associated  Chari- 
ties, who  gave  an  interesting  talk  about 
the  slum  districts  on  the  West  Side  of 
Chicago.  Stereopticon  views  of  the 
wretched  dwellings  called  home,  the  foul- 
smelling  play-grounds  of  the  children 
about  garbage  boxes  in  the  ill-kept  streets 
and  alleys,  and  also  of  the  transformation 
which  takes  place  when  the  children  are 
given  fresh  air  and  freedom  in  the  Camp 
Good  Will  at  Oak  Park,  were  thrown 
upon  the  screen.  He  told  of  the  methods 
which  the  different  churches  employed  in 
caring  for  their  charges  when  they  as- 
sumed control.  Each  church  would  have 
charge  of  the  camp  for  a  week.  The 
women  of  the  church  would  wait  on  the 
Chicago  mothers  and  children  and  do  all 
the  necessary  work.  The  Evanston  camp 
planned  to  follow  the  same  plan,  and 
hoped  to  do  much  more  with  such  a  bank 
account  and  the  ideal  location  of  the  lake 
front.  Dr.  William  Macafee  and  Rev. 
J.  H.  Boyd  made  short  addresses,  saying 
that  the  opportunity  of  showing  practical 
Christianity  had  been  offered  to  Evan- 
ston people  in  their  joining  in  and  push- 
ing forward  this  new  charitable  move- 
ment. 

A  blackboard,. with  a  number  of  small 
squares,  each  representing  a  subscription 
ranging  from  $5  to  $50,  was  placed  upon 
the  platform.  Dr.  Loba  auctioned  these 
squares  oft'  until  $1,000  was  raised.  Then 
slips  were  passed  through  the  congrega- 
tion and  $400  more  was  promised.  The 
committees  and  officers  held  meetings 
during  the  week  and  organized  a  plan  of 


II 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


421 


procedure.      The   camp    was   to   open   in 
July. 

Camp  Good  Will  is  Open. — (July  11, 
1900.) — "Evanston  Camp  Good  Will 
opened  this  afternoon  when  the  two  char- 
tered cars  of  the  Chicago  Street  Railway 
company  unloaded  the  100  women  and 
children,  selected  from  the  poor  districts 
by  the  Bureau  of  Associated  Charities. 
Those  who  will  take  part  in  this  week's 
outing  at  the  Camp  gathered  from  the 
different  poor  districts  at  Madison  and 
Halsted  Streets,  and  were  taken  directly 
to  Evanston. 

"Camp  Good  Will  is  situated  just  north 
of  the  University  grounds,  and  is  on  the 
lake  shore,  with  the  woods  stretching  to 
the  north  open  for  the  children  to  romp 
in.  One  of  the  Evanston  local  Commit- 
teemen will  have  charge  of  the  camp  and 
will  be  assisted  by  members  of  the  com- 
mittees from  the  Evanston  churches,  who 
are  the  founders  of  the  camp.  The  camp 
will  last  for  five  weeks,  and  each  week 
100  more  women  and  children  will  be 
taken  out  to  take  the  place  of  those  who 
have  had  their  week.  Tents  have  been 
provided  for  the  use  of  the  campers.  Each 
tent  is  supplied  with  two  double-decked 
beds,  making  each  tent  capable  of  hold- 
ing eight  persons." 

Report. — "Babies  hold  Sway.  With 
the  120  guests  who  arrived  yesterday  af- 
ternoon at  5  o'clock  at  Camp  Good  A\'ill, 
came  sixteen  children  in  arms.  Baby  car- 
riages and  high  chairs  are  now  in  great 
demand.  There  is  no  time  in  the  day 
when  the  babies'  presence  is  not  made 
well  known,  and  these  very  young  camp- 
ers constitute  the  main  attraction  to  the 
church  women.  Exclamations  as  (too  - 
cute  for  anything),  (how  cunning!)  and 
(the  little  dear)  were  heard  on  all  sides. 

"That's  a  pretty  good  speech."  This 
was  the  opinion  of  a  ten-year-old  camper 


advanced  to  Superintendent  Riddle,  when 
the  latter  had  tried  to  impress  some 
salient  point  of  good  conduct  upon  the 
little  fellow.  The  culprit  is  inclined  to 
be  tough,  it  is  said. 

"It  was  announced  in  the  local  churches 
Sunday,  that  more  blankets  were  neces- 
sary for  the  comfort  of  the  Camp  Good 
Will  visitors.  The  result  of  the  appeal 
has  not  been  so  favorable  as  wished.  The 
hospital  loaned  many  coverings,  but  came 
after  them  today.  This  leaves  the  "Good 
Willers"  subject  to  the  cold  breezes  from 
the    lake    on    stormy    and    chilly    nights. 

"The  First  Methodist  Church  assumed 
control  of  the  camp  this  week.  The  Con- 
gregationalists  are  ready  to  receive  con- 
gratulations on  their  efficient  and  pains- 
taking management  of  the  initial  week's 
camp.  Dr.  W^illiam  Macafee  will  lead  the 
song  service  in  the  assembly  tent  tonight. 
The  usual  program  of  kindergarten  and 
mothers'  meeting  in  the  morning,  and  the 
carriage  riding  and  bathing  in  the  lake 
in  the  afternoon,  was  carried  out  today. 

"Charles  F.  Weller,  Superintendent  of 
the  West  Side  Division  of  the  Chicago 
Bureau  of  Associated  Charities,  had  a 
narrow  escape  from  an  infuriated  mob  of 
Italians  yesterday.  Mr.  Weller  selects 
the  most  deserving  families  to  be  given 
an  outing  in  the  summer  camp  and,  in 
the  course  of  his  rounds,  takes  down  the 
number  of  members  in  each  family.  In 
the  Italian  district  he  had  chosen  enough 
families  to  aggregate  twenty-five  per- 
sons according  to  their  own  count,  but 
when  they  made  their  appearance  for 
transportation  the  surprised  Superinten- 
dent counted  forty  expectant  persons.  He 
asked  an  explanation  and  soon  found  that 
the  mothers  had  failed  to  name  all  their 
children  for  fear  they  would  not  be  se- 
lected. Some  of  the  families  had  to  be 
sent  home  again,  and  the  fathers  became 


422  CHARITABLE  ASSOCIATIONS 

angry.    They  threatened  all  kinds  of  van-  erosity   of    the    Trustees    of    the    North- 

geance,  and  it  looked  as  though  a  mad  rush  western     University,     the     use     of     the 

would  be  made  for  Mr.  Weller.  but  the  lat-  grounds  had  last  year  is  to  be  had  again 

ter  succeeded  in  quieting  the  foreigners  and  for  the  camp  this  year. 

a  possible  riot  was  averted.  "On    next    Sunday,    June    i6,    at    7:45 

.„               r    .     ^  o'clock    in    the    evening,    a    general    mass 

Report  of  the  Treasurer.  .          .          1    ,  1  •     ,t         ..        ^    c  ^u- 

meetmg  will  be  held  m  the  mterest  of  this 

Promotion:  prospectus,  expense  of  union  meeting.!  52.15  ,.,_,.             n         i              •             --11 

General    Expense:   stationery,   printing,   postage...      ll.to  WOrk     111     tlie     rirSt     PreSOVtCnan     CllUrch 

Preparing   Camp:    sewerage,   plumbing,   tent   floors  2S'>.47  .                                                                      ' 

Hire  of  tents,  cots  and  bedding 3i!i..jii  in   h-vaustou.      i  he   Rev.    Frofessor   Gra- 

Equipment,   utensils,   towels,    bathing  suits G-l.*!8  ry^        1                r      1          /^i   •                  ^r-i          1 

Transportation:    car    fares 74.95  ham     1  aylor.    Of  'the    LhlCagO     1  llCOloglCal 

Superintendence  and   Labor:   wages  of  Superinten-  „         .                         t        1        •      1                      ■  1               r     1 

dent,   cook   and  help;   Superintendent's  travel-  Scmiliary,  and  who  IS  head  resident  of  the 

ing  expenses    148.75  -n        ,  1              ., 

Entertainments,    stereopticon,    etc 16.00  LhlCagO  CommOUS,  Will  addreSS  the  ITleet- 

Incidental  expenses,  lighting  supplies,   etc 42.45 

Provisions;    tea,    coffee,    sugar,    butter,    eggs,    po-  illg. 

tatoes,  soap,  ice,  bread,  milk 309.95  \    a        -it                                                   -n    1 

'An  illustrated  lecture  will  be  given  bv 

Total  expenses,   paid   from   general   fund $1,320.75  tvtt                   ^r-'ir-              •                               'r 

Subscriptions,  paid  $1,16.5.80  Mr.    |ames    JNlinnick,    Superintendent    of 

Subscriptions,  unpaid   25.00  "                               .,-^.     .    .               .      ,         /--1  ■ 

Discounts  on  bills   40.15  the    W  cst  Side   Divisiou  oi   the  Chicago 

Plumbing  returned    ' 34.00  .,„,..              ,        . 

Lumber  sold  50.00  l.ureau   of   Associatcd    Chanties,   during 

Deficit    .5.80  ,  .    ,         .               ,       ■      ■            ,        ,                ,-r            J 

$1,320.75  which  Views  depicting  the  home  life  and 

F.   D.    R.WMOND,  ^,                             ,.                ^    .,                        r   nu- 

Treasurer.  the  surroundiugs  of  the  poor  of  Chicago 

"Camp  Good  Will,  which  was  such  a  ^'■'"  ^^  shown. 

feature  for  good  in  Evanston  last  summer,  "It  is  hoped  that  all  of  Evanston's  cit- 

is    to    be    continued.      During   July    and  izens  who  did  not  join  in  the  work  of  last 

August  last  year,  five  hundred  and  eighty-  year   will   do   so  this   year,  and   through 

five    mothers    and     children    enjoyed     a  the  undersigned,  the  organization  having 

weeks'  vacation — a  bright  spot  in  many  a  the  matter  in  hand  extends  an  invitation 

weary  life — in  Camp  Good  Will.  to  all  to  attend  the  meeting." 

"The  eminent  success  of  last  year's  The  appeal  is  signed  by  J.  R.  Guilliams, 
work,  the  ease  with  which  it  was  done.  First  Vice-President;  Charles  B.  Foote. 
the  liberality  and  interest  of  many  cit-  Secretary;  Joseph  F.  Ward,  Treasurer, 
izens,  and  the  unbounded  joy  of  both  The  result  of  this  appeal  was  so  en- 
guests  and  hosts  make  it  a  pleasure  again  couraging  that,  on  June  i8th,  an  an- 
to  undertake  this  noble  work.  Much  nouncemeiit  was  sent  to  each  church 
property  has  been  left  over  which  will  stating  that  the  camp  would  open  on 
materially  reduce  the  cost  of  inaugura-  Wednesday  noon,  July  loth,  anr[  continue 
tion,  and,  with  the  same  generous  sup-  for  five  weeks.  Permission  to  use  the 
port  and  effort,  it  is  certain  that  this  same  beautiful  grounds  was  granted  by 
year  will  be  a  far  greater  success  than  the  Trustees  of  Northwestern  University, 
the  first  attempt."  and  the  Superintendent  of  the  preceding 

"Moved  by  a  deep  conviction  that  this  years,  Mr.  J.  R.  Riddle,  who  had  proved 

work  is  building  where  needed,  and  that  most    wise    and    efficient,    agreed    to    act 

its  report  is  not  alone  to  be  found  in  bene-  again  in  the  same  capacity.     The  exper- 

fit  to  the  present,  but  also  to  future  gener-  ience    of   former   years    was    repeated    in 

ations,  those   people  who  carried   it   for-  giving  rest   and  joy  to   groups  of  many 

ward    last   summer   are   to   engage    in    it  women  and  children  and  the  money  col- 

again  this  summer,  and  through  the  gen-  lected  through  the  churches  was  entirely 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


423 


adequate  for  all  purposes.  The  cost  of 
maintenance  was  practically  the  same  as 
that  of  the  preceding  3'ear — i.  e.,  $1,320. 
The  camp  has  now  become  a  regular  feat- 
ure of  the  summer  life  of  Evanston,  and 
those  who  participate  in  its  service  feel 
that  those  residents  who  are  in  the  habit 
of  spending  their  summers  elsewhere  lose 
a  privilege  and  satisfaction  that  they  can 
hardl}'  estimate.  The  past  three  sum- 
mers have  seen  the  work  conducted  in  the 
same  systematic  and  hearty  way  as  at 
first,  although  since  every  church  now 
contributes  service,  the  period  that  each 
church  serves  is  shorter  than  it  was  dur- 
ing the  first  year.  In  1903,  Mr.  Crosby 
was  the  Superintendent,  but  in  1904.  Mr. 
J.  B.  Riddle  resumed  the  task  for  which 
he  is  so  admirably  fitted. 

In  1903,  at  the  request  of  Miss  Addams 
of  Hull  House,  the  camp  was  kept  open 
one  week  longer  and  boys'  clubs  of  Hull 
House  and  Northwestern  University  Set- 
tlement were  entertained.  This  increased 
the  cost  of  that  year  to  $2,124.  The  same 
plan  was  carried  out  during  the  summer 
of    1904,    and    everyone    interested    in    the 


work  of  the  camp  rejoiced  in  helping  to 
extend  its  services  for  this  additional 
week.  It  is  easy  to  maintain  discipline 
where  the  privilege  of  living  in  the  camp 
is  so  highly  esteemed,  and  the  experience 
of  a  few  unruly  boys  in  being  sent  home 
has  been  sufficient  to  hold  any  temptation 
to  waywardness  in  check.  The  Evan- 
stonians  who  have  waited  on  their  guests 
of  Camp  Good  Will  at  table,  entertained 
them  in  the  evening,  talked  to  the  mothers 
in  the  informal  Mothers'  meetings,  led 
the  children  in  kindergarten  games, 
songs  and  occupations,  or  given  personal 
service  in  any  way,  have  received  far 
more  of  blessing  than  they  have  given. 
We  cannot  all  go  to  Chicago  to  work  in 
the  neglected  and  forlorn  places  for  the 
downtrodden  and  hopeless,  but  Camp 
Good  Will  brings  them  to  us,  and  the 
cordial  response  that  has  been  given  to 
appeals  for  money  and  service  to  main- 
tain this  summer  outing  proves  that  Ev- 
anston welcomes  the  opportunity.  "Thou 
shalt  be  served  thyself  by  every  sense  of 
service  that  thou  renderest." 


I 


CHAPTER   XLI. 


SOCIAL    LIFE    IN    A    UNIVERSITY    TOWN 

(By  EMILY  HUNTINGTON  MILLER) 


Transitions  of  a  Half  Century — Social  Life 
as  It  Existed  in  Early  Days — The  Build- 
ing up  of  a  Great  Christian  Institution  as 
Its  Dominant  Motive — Reminiscences  of 
Sonic  of  Its  Early  Factors — Influence  of 
Hospitality  on  Student  Life  and  Charac- 
ter— Sonte  of  Those  Who  Were  Influen- 
tial in  Establishing  Evanston's  Reputation 
as  a  Hospitable  Center. 

It  would  be  a  difficult,  if  not  an  impossible 
thing,  to  present  from  individual  impres- 
sions the  spirit  of  social  life  in  the  L^niver- 
sity  to-day.  Society  is  no  longer  a  unit, 
but  broken  up  into  a  multitude  of  groups ; 
and  its  aspect,  as  in  any  community,  will 
differ  with  the  point  of  view  held  by  the 
observer,  or  the  special  development  noted. 

But  looking  back  to  the  early  days  of  the 
L^niversity,  one  finds,  among  the  witnesses 
who  shared  and  helped  to  create  its  social 
life,  a  practical  unanimity  of  sentiment. 
To  some  extent  most  of  them  agree  in  the 
opinion  expressed  by  oneof  their  number — 

"I  am  reminded  of  the  sentence  with 
which  the  writer  of  an  encyclopjedic  article 
on  'Owls  in  Ireland'  introduced  his  disqui- 
sition:  'There  be  no  Oivls  in  Ireland.'  " 

Social  life  as  an  end  certainly  did  not 
exist  in  those  first  strenuous  days,  when  the 
University  was  Evanston,  and  the  noble 
ambition  which  dominated  every  other  pur- 


pose, and  united  all  her  citizens  in  a  bond 
of  brotherhood,  was  the  hope  of  building  up 
a  great  Christian  institution  that  should  be 
an  opportunity,  an  invitation,  and  an  incen- 
tive to  a  multitude  of  young  men  whom  the 
older  universities  could  never  reach. 

Naturally,  in  the  days  of  its  small  begin- 
nings, when  faith  and  courage  and  energy 
were  taxed  to  the  utmost,  many  things 
seemed  of  more  vital  consequence  than  any 
special  provision  for  the  social  instincts. 
But  the  greatest  charm  of  that  early  fellow- 
ship was  its  purely  instinctive  character; 
the  shining  out  of  a  spirit  of  friendliness 
that  took  little  thought  for  any  formal  ex- 
pression. 

Making  reasonable  allowance  for  the 
mellowing  effect  of  distance,  and  for  the 
happy  illusion  through  which  memory 
shows  "the  days  that  are  no  more,"  there  is 
still  sufficient  testimony  to  the  idyllic  char- 
acter of  that  early  life  to  justify  the  decla- 
ration of  one  who  shared  it : 

"No  doubt  there  were  hardships  and  dep- 
rivations and  necessary  crudities,  but,  as 
I  look  back  upon  it,  it  seems  to  me  like 
Eden,  in  its  peace,  and  simplicity,  and  good- 
fellowship  ;  people  of  every  denomination 
worshiping  together  in  one  church,  and 
living  like  one  family ;  old  and  young  meet- 
ing in  friendly  intercourse  by  hearth  and 
fireside,  and  counselling  together  for  that 


425 


426 


SOCIAL  LIFE  IN  A  UNIVERSITY   TOWN 


which  most  concerned  us  all,  the  welfare  of 
the  students  and  the  prosperity  of  the  Uni- 
versity." 

There  seems  no  more  effective  way  of 
presenting  the  salient  features  of  a  society 
that  was  only  impressive  because  of  its 
spirit,  than  by  employing  the  old  class-meet- 
ing methods  of  that  day,  and  calling  up 
individual  testimonies. 

The  University  owes  to  its  comparative 
youth  the  happy  possibility  of  summoning 
a  few  such  witnesses,  even  for  its  very 
earliest  times,  though  year  by  year  the  call- 
ing of  the  roll  brings  fewer  responses,  and 
much  that  might  have'  illuminated  this  rec- 
ord has  passed  beyond  our  reach. 

The  writer  is  especially  indebted  for  val- 
uable material  to  Mrs.  Harriette  S.  Kidder, 
whose  clear  and  comprehensive  recollection 
of  the  time  is  fortunately  supplemented  by 
her  diary,  and  who,  to-day  in  her  eighty- 
fourth  year,  is  a  beautiful  example  of  spir- 
itual and  mental  vigor. 

"Of  course  I  knew  largely  what  was  pass- 
ing in  Evanston  in  its  earliest  days,  and  was 
deeply  interested  in  all  that  concerned  it. 
It  seemed  to  me  there  never  was  a  better 
opportunity  offered  to  build  up  'a  model 
community.  As  the  families  that  settled 
there  came  from  different  localities,  and 
were  strangers  to  each  other,  they  were 
ready  to  respond  to  any  movement  that 
would  bring  them  into  closer  social  rela- 
tions. I  was  deeply  impressed  with  the 
idea  that,  in  this  rural  place,  we  need  not 
take  for  our  standard  all  the  customs  that 
were  perhaps  best  suited  to  city  life  and  a 
more  mi.xed  society.  Since  we  were  gen- 
erally intelligent  Christian  people,  we 
might  be  really  fraternal  in  our  social  rela- 
tions. So,  for  myself,  I  made  it  a  rule  to 
call  upon  every  new  family  that  came  to 
Evanston,  and  to  invite  them,  as  opportu- 


nity offered,  to  a  place  at  my  table  and  a 
share  in  our  social  intercourse. 

"Many  of  us  who  were  connected  with 
the  University  went  to  Evanston  because 
of  our  deep  interest  in  the  training  of  the 
young  people  who  were  to  be  drawn  there 
by  these  schools,  founded  for"  their  benefit, 
and  we  felt  that,  away  from  their  own  home 
influences,  congregated  in  clubs  or  scattered 
through  the  village,  they  needed  to  be 
brought  under  the  influence  of  our  homes 
and  such  home-association  as  we  could  give 
them.  As  their  number  was  for  several 
years  comparatively  small,  we  could  invite 
them  in  a  social  way,  providing  rational 
entertainment,  and  thus  a  strong  bond  of 
union  between  students  and  citizens  was 
formed  that  was  valuable  to  both  parties. 

"The  instructors  of  the  young  men  who 
were  to  mingle  among  the  people  as  minis- 
ters of  the  gospel,  felt  it  specially  important 
that  they  should  share  the  social  life  of  the 
community,  as  a  necessary  part  of  the  train- 
ing for  their  work.  So  there  were  gather- 
ings in  the  homes  of  the  professors,  bring- 
ing together,  in  a  social  way,  students, 
teachers,  trustees  and  citizens.  At  these 
gatherings,  after  a  substantial  supper  was 
served,  there  was  singing,  sometimes  short 
talks,  and  always  prayer  before  separating. 
In  all  the  social  gatherings  of  that  day  we 
met  early,  and  generally  left  before  eleven 
o'clock.  I  doubt  if  any  community  ever 
enjoyed  a  more  delightful  social  life.  The 
si.x  or  eight  families  of  the  professors  often 
took  dinner  together  in  each  other's  homes, 
and,  as  each  of  us  had  frequent  visitors 
whom  we  wished  others  to  enjoy,  they  were 
introduced  into  our  social  circle  in  this 
neighborly  way.  This  simple  form  of  so- 
cial life  was  a  striking  feature  of  our  com- 
munity for  several  years,  and  people  out- 
side of  our  church,  who  had  only  known 
more  formal  society  and  more  elaborate  en- 


tl 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


427 


tert^inments,  seemed  greatly  to  enjoy  this 
friendly  sort  of  home  visiting." 

Dr.  Daniel  Bonbright,  whose  memories 
cover  the  whole  existence  of  the  University, 
adds  some  vivid  touches  to  the  picture  of 
its  early  days. 

"In  those  first  years,  when  the  University 
counted  in  its  catalogue  scarcely  fifty  stu- 
dents, collective  social  life  could  hanlly  be 
said  to  have  existed.  There  were,  to  be 
sure,  two  literary  societies,  and  Greek  let- 
ter fraternities  in  germ.  These,  in  their 
way,  must  have  been  centers  of  association, 
but  I  doubt  if  they  counted  for  much  in  the 
life  of  the  student  body  as  a  bond  or  spur. 

"There  were  no  athletic  games ;  public 
entertainments  of  any  sort  were  rare  and 
unimpressive.  I  recall  the  Cantata  of 
Queen  Esther.  It  was  gotten  up  by  the 
Sunday  School  as  an  event  of  pomp  and 
circumstance.  One  can  judge,  from  this 
example  of  the  extraordinary,  what  must 
have  been  the  average  quality  of  the  social 
satisfaction  of  the  epoch. 

"The  families  of  the  faculty  were 
thoughtful  of  the  students,  as  were  also  a 
good  number  of  families  in  the  village. 
One  may  hear  from  the  older  graduates 
grateful  reference  to  hospitalities  and  cheer 
which  they  enjoyed  from  those  sources  dur- 
ing their  student  life.  But  housed  as  the 
students  were  at  hap-hazard,  in  a  commu- 
nity itself  scattered  and  struggling,  there 
could  ha\ebeenamongthembut  feeble  col- 
lective consciousness,  and  sense  of  a  mu- 
tual life.  I  suspect  there  was  little  escape 
from  lonely  isolation,  save  in  the  self-for- 
getfulness  of  harfl  work,  a  recourse  more  in 
honor  in  that  primitive  age  than  in  these 
piping  times  of  merry-go-round,  cigarette 
and  song. 

"As  for  social  life  in  the  faculty  itself, 
including  that  of  the  Biblical  Institute,  there 
was  nothing  characteristic  which  would  not 


be  implied  by  its  constituent  elements. 
The  families  were  nearly  all  from  Kew 
England,  and  brought  with  them  the  quali- 
ties of  their  birthright.  They  were  people 
of  education,  intelligence  and  Christian 
sobriety.  As  your  letter  reminds  me,  cards 
and  social  dances  were  not  yet ;  neither  were 
P>rowning  Clubs  nor  other  idolatry.  I 
remember  only  one  coterie:  I  forgot  what  it 
called  itself.  (See  Chapter  XLII.,  on  "So- 
cial and  Literary  Clubs,"  in  this  volume.) 
It  was  composed  of  gentlemen  from  the  fac- 
ulties of  the  University  and  Institute.  They 
met,  perhaps,  once  a  fortnight,  for  the  dis- 
cussion of  questions  in  religious  philosophy. 
But  they  took  their  separate  convictions 
too  seriously  for  controversy.  In  the  in- 
terest of  good-will  and  harmony  it  was 
found  safest  to  disband.  The  immediate 
occasion  of  the  disruption,  I  believe,  was 
the  introduction  of  some  explosive  specu- 
lation by  Dr.  Dempster  on  the  subject  of 
the  'Eternal  Nozi.'.' 

"But  the  peaceful  unity  that  prevailed, 
both  in  the  schools  and  in  the  community 
around  them,  is  illustrated  by  the  tact  that 
the  entire  Protestant  population  worshipped 
together,  Sunday  after  Sunday,  in  the  same 
church.  Methodists,  Baptists,  Episcopa- 
lians, and  the  rest,  they  all  listened  to  the 
Gospel  proclaimed  from  the  same  pulpit ; 
each,  as  in  Apostolic  times,  hearing  the 
word,  as  it  were  in  his  own  tongue,  wherein 
he  had  been  born." 

Probably  no  individual  is  more  closely 
associated  with  memories  of  the  University 
davs  in  the  thought  of  a  great  majority  of 
its  graduates,  than  Dr.  Oliver  Marcy.  One 
can  scarcely  recall  the  older  or  the  newer 
Evanston,  the  shaded  streets,  the  class- 
room, or  the  campus,  without  seeing  his 
fine  patrician  face,  and  his  dignified  figure 
with  its  impressive  bearing  of  genial  cour- 
tesv.     The   Marcv  home  was  srenerouslv 


428 


SOCIAL  LIFE  IN  A  UNIVERSITY  TOWN 


opened  for  the  hospitalities  of  the  Univer- 
sity, and  many  of  the  early  classes  could 
testify  to  the  readiness  with  which  their 
attempts  at  class  entertainment  were  helped 
out  by  placing  its  resources  at  their  service. 

Mrs.  Marcy  has  furnished  some  recol- 
lections, beginning  with  the  time  of  their 
coming  to  Evanston  in  1862,  a  date  at  which 
it  must  have  required  a  vivid  imagination 
to  speak  gravely  of  the  existing  school  as  a 
University. 

"When  we  came  to  Evanston  things  were 
in  a  very  primitive  condition,  though  about 
seven  years  before  there  had  been  a  'boom' 
in  the  settlement  of  the  town.  Dr.  Kidder 
had  built  a  commodious  house,  near  what 
was  then  the  center  of  the  town,  and  his 
family  had  occupied  it  five  or  six  years. 
They  were  leaders  in  hospitality,  and  no  one 
came  to  town  who  was  not  soon  made  the 
recipient  of  their  cordiality.  Garrett  Bibli- 
cal Institute  was  well  established,  but 
though  Dr.  Dempster  was  its  official  head, 
there  was  no  doubt  Dr.  Kidder's  open  doors 
were  the  magnet  that  drew  the  student 
body,  as  well  as  others  who  came  to  town, 
for  Evanston  itself  is  indebted  in  no  small 
degree  to  the  L^niversity  for  its  early  social 
life. 

"I  think  it  had  been  the  habit  of  Mrs. 
Kidder  to  entertain,  and  she  continued  the 
practice  so  that,  sooner  or  later,  every  mem- 
ber of  the  schools  then  in  operation  had 
been  included.  Some  of  the  young  men 
who  underwent  this  initiation  into  society 
were,  of  course,  not  exactly  up  to  date  in 
matters  of  etiquette,  and  while  appreciating 
the  courtesy,  sometimes  dreaded  the  ordeal ; 
but  the  hearty  good-will  with  which  they 
were  received  by  old  and  young  soon  re- 
moved any  sense  of  discomfort. 

"The  'Female  College'  was  then  in  the 
hey-day  of  its  popularity,  under  the  man- 
agement of  Professor  Jones,  who  did  his 


part  to  make  it  conspicuous  in  social  hap- 
penings, making  the  most  of  his  anniver- 
saries, and  inviting  the  '400'  with  a  very 
liberal  inclusiveness. 

"Bishop  Simpson  lived  here  at  that  time, 
the  greatest  of  our  living  preachers,  a  most 
genial  and  lovable  man  in  his  prime.  Gov- 
ernor Evans  was  with  us  the  first  years,  but 
soon  left  for  Colorado.  They  were  quite 
distinctive  features  of  Evanston  society  in 
those  early  days.  ]\Irs.  Evans  was  a  woman 
of  superb  presence,  and  the  daughter,  Jose- 
phine, a  favorite  among  young  people.  Her 
wedding,  which  took  place  on  the  lawn  be- 
tween the  house  and  the  lake,  was  a  notable 
event  of  the  time. 

"On  the  Ridge  Were  Mr.  Hurd,  Mr. 
Kedzie  and  other  families  of  position  and 
character,  who  gave  entertainments  as  they 
had  probably  been  accustomed  to  do,  and 
helped  to  maintain  the  cordial  spirit  of 
friendly  interest  and  co-operation  between 
the  town  and  the  University,  although  in 
that  day  no  such  distinction  was  ever 
thought  of :  we  were  all  'University  people.' 
"Mrs.  Bragdon,  at  that  time  struggling 
with  the  effort  to  'college  her  boys,'  did 
not  forget  that  her  calling  and  election  had 
been  the  care  of  the  churches  as  a  minis- 
ter's wife,  and  interested  herself  in  a  sister- 
ly way  in  every  social  scheme  or  kindly 
project. 

"The  history  of  our  social  life  would  be 
incomplete  without  reference  to  Professor 
Bonbright,  who  from  thebeginningwatched 
over  these  interests  in  a  most  tactful  man- 
ner, and  without  whose  presence  in  those 
days  no  social  function  would  have  seemed 
complete.  He  not  only  made  himself  agree- 
able, but,  in  some  sense,  responsible,  that  the 
University  influence  should  be  brought  to 
bear  even  in  its  social  affairs,  and  nothing 
overlooked  that  might  contribute  to  tone 
and  popularity.     I  remember  the  brotherly 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


429 


way  in  which  he  used  to  discuss  with  me 
matters  great  and  small,  making  the  most 
valuable  suggestions  in  his  courteous  def- 
erential manner  that  always  carried  convic- 
tion with  it. 

"A  score  of  worthy  names  arise  in  my 
memory  of  those  whom  the  University 
might  well  delight  to  honor,  because  of  their 
early  ministry  to  its  social  well-being,  but 
they  had  their  reward  in  'having  served 
their  day  and  generation,'  and  most  of  them 
have  'fallen  on  sleep.'  " 

Mr.  Andrew  J.  Brown,  the  Secretary  of 
the  University's  first  Board  of  Trustees, 
and  now  the  only  surviving  member  of 
that  board,  brought  his  family  at  an  early 
date  to  the  little  community  and  took  an 
active  interest  in  its  development.  Mrs. 
Brown  adds  to  the  history  of  the  time  some 
reminiscences : 

"I  should  like  to  begin  with  my  first  im- 
pression of  the  village,  that  in  1866  formed 
the  nucleus  of  the  University,  and  was 
scarcely  in  thought  separated  from  it.  \Ve 
were  sitting  upon  the  piazza  at  Dr.  Ban- 
nister's, just  at  twilight,  and  the  sweet 
sound  of  a  hymn  came  to  us.  It  was  the 
hour  of  family  prayer,  and  the  melody  was 
soon  mingled  with  that  from  another  home, 
until  from  the  whole  circle  of  firesides  went 
up  the  voice  of  praise  and  prayer,  the  spir- 
it of  social  fellowship  giving  a  new  power 
to  individual  worship.  These  two  charac- 
teristics. Christian  devotion  and  Christian 
fellowship,  were  the  strong  and  impressive 
features  of  University  life  at  that  day. 

"Though  the  number  of  students  was 
comparatively  small,  we  soon  found  that 
there  were  many  lonely  young  men  in  town, 
and  it  was  our  practice,  for  many  years, 
to  invite  to  our  tea-table  on  Sunday  as 
many  as  chose  to  join  us.  There  were  many 
families  where  the  students  were  most  hos- 
pitably   received,    besides    their   own    class 


gatherings  and  receptions,  and  our  inge- 
nuity was  sometimes  taxed  to  the  utmost 
to  provide  amusement  for  young  people  who 
might  not  indulge  in  card-playing  or  danc- 
ing. But,  however  strong  may  be  the  pro- 
test against  church  rules  to-day,  I  do  not 
think  there  ever  was  a  happier  time  than 
when  we  were  all  held  to  their  strict  ob- 
servance. 

"We  had  at  that  time  a  most  delightful 
society.  Governor  and  Mrs.  Evans  had  a 
beautiful  home  on  the  Lake  Shore,  always 
open  to  the  young  people.  Dr.  and  Mrs. 
Bannister,  Professor  and  Mrs.  Godman, 
Professor  Bonbright,  Professor  Blaney  and 
his  charming  family,  Colonel  and  Mrs. 
Eaton  on  the  Ridge,  the  Pearsons  with  their 
unfailing  interest  in  the  students.  Bishop 
Foster  and  his  family  so  genial  and  gra- 
cious in  their  hospitality,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Greenleaf,  and  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Marcv — it 
seems  invidious  to  mention  names  where  the 
spirit  of  hospitality  was  universal.  We 
were  one  great  family  whose  highest  aspira- 
tion was  to  build  up  this  school,  which  was 
to  rival  Harvard  in  its  literary  standard, 
but  set  above  all  other  learning,  that  knowl- 
edge of  God  which  is  the  beginning  of  wis- 
dom." 

It  would  be  interesting,  as  well  as  en- 
lightening, if  one  could  set  beside  these  tes- 
timonials from  what  might  perhaps  be  con- 
sidered the  governmental  side  of  social  life, 
the  unbiased  confessions  of  the  party  of  the 
second  part,  now  happily  removed  from  the 
pressure  of  fear  or  favor,  and  learn  exact- 
ly how  things  looked  from  the  student 
point  of  view.  It  would,  perhaps,  be  in- 
structive to  know  whether  the  young  man 
of  that  day  felt  the  deep  necessity  of  rec- 
reation, and  yearned,  though  in  a  half 
conscious,  unenlightened  way,  for  foot-ball 


430 


SOCIAL  LIFE  IX  A  UNIVERSITY    TOWN 


and  track  athletics.'  One  would  like  to 
discover  what  relief  they  themselves  con- 
trived for  the  social  instincts,  and  what 
were  the  delights  of  class-socials  and  kin- 
dred dissipations.  Snch  things  there  must 
have  been  even  in  the  days  when  the  sim- 
plest entertainments  gave  pleasure,  and 
the  young  people  were  not  burdened  with 
bills  for  flowers,  music  and  carriage-hire  at 
their  social  parties. 

One  would  like  for  the  benefit  of  coming 
generations,  to  know  how  it  was  done,  and 
how  it  was  found  practicable  to  maintain  a 
rational  balance  between  the  pleasures  of 
life  and  the  serious  duties  of  University 
work.  But  a  mist  seems  to  have  gathered 
over  the  memories  of  those  who  might  tes- 
tify, and  nothing  definite  is  available.  One 
of  them  indeed  declares : 

"In  the  days  which  I  remember,  it  seems 
to  me  few  persons  had  any  respect  for 
social  functions  as  a  part  of  any  earnest 
life.  I  remember  that  President  Foster  had 
receptions,  and  Professor  Noyes,  Dr.  Kid- 
der, and  others  had  'evenings' — especially 
for  married  'Bibs' — and  that  all  the  town 
seemed  to  swing  about  the  students.  But, 
so  far  as  I  know,  the  students  themselves 
did  nothing  but  grind  and  haunt  the  Female 
College." 

Co-education,  with  its  far-reaching  com- 
plications, had  not  yet  presented  itself  to 
trouble  the  placid  counsels  of  trustees  and 
faculty.  Possibly  some  wise  women  already 
saw  its  Star  in  the  East,  but  they  dreamed 
only  of  a  related  college  after  the  pattern 
that  Radcliffe  has  since  so  successfully 
adopted.  But  the  feminine  nearness,  even 
in  purely  unsympathetic  institutions,  is  too 
intimately  related  to  Dr.  Dempster's  "Eter- 
nal Xozc"  to  be  lightly  ignored. 

The  friendly  homes  that  welcomed  the 
students  held  daughters  to  whose  pres- 
ence thev  owed  their  attractions  and  human- 
izing   influence,   quite    as   much   as   to   the 


hospitable  tea-table  and  the  courtesies  of 
more  formal  receptions.  And  the  home  so- 
ciety was  amply  supplemented  by  the 
Northwestern  Female  College,  from  whose 
incongruous  title  the  Woman's  College  in- 
herited its  designation  of  "Fem.  Sem." 
The  students  were  ready  to  avail  them- 
selves of  its  friendly  overtures  for  all  estab- 
lished ceremonials,  and,  it  may  be  surmised, 
found  further  opportimity  in  its  halls  and 
laurel  groves,  for  which  human  nature  was 
the  only  authority  consulted. 

The  University,  from  the  very  outset, 
took  its  students  as  a  trust,  and  made  it- 
self responsible  for  them  in  a  measure  far 
beyond  the  mere  furnishing  of  opportunity 
for  learning.  In  the  days  of  its  poverty 
nothing  made  this  possible  but  the  bond  of 
sympathy  and  mutual  interest  between  the 
L^niversity  and  the  community  outside  of 
it.  It  is  not  easy  to  say  how  far  the  influ- 
ence of  an  individual  or  an  institution  may 
have  been  effective  in  the  shaping  of  com- 
niunitv  life,  so  many  obscure  and  apparent- 
ly unrelated  forces  go  to  determine  its  char- 
acter. But  looking  back  to  those  earliest 
days  it  seems  reasonable  to  claim  that  Ev- 
anston  owes  much  to  the  direction  given  its 
development  when  the  L^niversity.  laying  its 
own  foundations,  laid  those  of  the  village 
also.     Social  fraternity,  civic  responsibility, 


lAn  interesting  reminiscence  of  this  period  of  the 
history  of  the  University  is  that  of  Melville  C. 
Spaulding,  of  the  class  of  1860,  who  relates  the 
origin   of   athletics   in   the   college : 

"When  we  had  about  sixty  students  in  tlie  old 
building  ('Old  College")  I  solicited  10  cents  each 
from  the  students — on  the  co-operative  plan — and 
with  the  $0.00  in  hand,  created  an  out-door  gym- 
nasium (the  first),  the  uprights,  parallel  bars,  etc.. 
being  placed  in  the  northwest  corner  of  the  college 
lot,  and  much  use  was  made  of  the  simple  ap- 
paratus. This  diminutive  beginning  or  'Commence- 
ment"— outlay,  .$(1.0l» — sounds  strange  when  con- 
trasted with  the  proposed  .$50.(XtO  gymnasium." — 
(Letter   to  the  editor.   May   '••,   l!tO-t.1 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


431 


and  that  broad  religious  sympathy  which  is 
far  nobler  than  toleration,  were  fruits  of  the 
spirit  springing  naturally  from  seed  sown  in 
that  day  of  small  things. 

The  deep  religious  spirit  that  was  so 
marked  in  its  beginnings  when  one  church 
sufficed  for  the  whole  community,  found  its 
natural  outgrowth  in  later  years,  when  the 
denominations  had  gathered  each  one  into 
its  own  fold  in  practical  Christian  unity. 
Its  spirit  of  brotherhood  still  survives  in  a 
disregard  of  social  distinctions ;  its  teach- 
ing of  civic  responsibility  long  held  citizens 
of  all  persuasions  to  alliance  for  the  public 
good  irrespective  of  party  politics,  and  the 
unwritten  law  which  made  brain  and  cul- 
ture the  stamp  of  its  aristocracy  rather  than 
money  and  birth,  has  never  been  revoked. 

It  was  inevitable  that,  with  the  expansion 
of  the  little  rural  village  into  the  suburban 
city,  its  residents  should  become  absorbed 
in  diverse  interests,  and  the  prosperity  of 
the  University  cease  to  be  the  ever  present 
motive  and  ambition.  The  growth  of  the 
University  itself  from  feebleness  to  strength 
tended  to  this  change  of  sentiment,  since  the 
personal  interest  one  might  feel  for  a  small 


body  of  students  and  instructors,  with 
whom  individual  acquaintance  was  pos- 
sible, could  not  exist  when,  in  place  of 
a  little  coterie  of  friends,  one  had  to  consid- 
er that  vague  impersonal  thing — an  institu- 
tion. 

But  while  it  would  be  impossible  to  re- 
store the  simplicity  and  unity  of  early 
social  life,  it  is  most  desirable  for  both 
town  and  University  that  the  bond  of 
sympathy  between  them  should,  in  every 
wa}-,   be   guarded   and   strengthened. 

And  in  closing  this  chapter  it  may  not  be 
out  of  place  to  say,  that  to  accomplish  this 
end  and  re-establish  this  active  interest  in 
promoting  University  interests  with  a  gen- 
eration to  which  the  earlier  history  is  only 
an  uncertain  tradition,  was  the  purpose  for 
which  the  University  Guild  was  organized, 
and  which  it  seems,  in  some  encouraging 
measure,  to  be  attaining. 

(The  foregoing  cliapter  is  copied  by  permission 
of  the  publishers  from  the  "Northwestern  Uni- 
versity, A  History,  1855-1905,"  edited  by  Arthur 
Herbert  Wilde,  Ph.  D.,  Assistant  Professor  of 
History  in  The  College  of  Liberal  Arts,  North- 
western University.) 


CHAPTBR  XLII. 


SOCIAL  AND   LITERARY  CLUBS 

(By  PROF.  HOMEK  H.  KINQSLEY) 


A  Reminiscence  of  Noah's  Ark  —  Social 
Instincts  of  Evanstonians  —  Philosophi- 
cal Association  —  Its  Founders  and  Their 
Favorite  Topics  —  The  "O.  R.  Circle" 
Blossoms  Out  as  the  "Legensia"  —  Bry- 
ant Circle  —  Pierian  Club  —  IVoman's 
Clubs  —  The  Fortnightly  Succeeds  the 
"Wo)nan's  Reading.  Circle"  —  Its  Serv- 
ice in  the  Field  of  Charity  and  Philan- 
thropy —  The  Coterie  —  Ticcntieth  Cen- 
tury and  Present  Day  Clubs. 

It  is  said  that  the  coat  of  arms  of  the 
Montmorency  family  contains  the  picture 
of  a  servant  with  a  box  unde^  his  arm  run- 
ning after  Noah's  Ark,  while  a  legend  is- 
sues from  his  mouth  expressing  these 
words :  "Make  room  for  the  archives  of 
the  Montmorency  family !"  Evanston  is 
yet  so  young  that  the  organization  of  all 
of  her  clubs  is  a  matter  of  history.  They 
are  not  like  Melchizedec,  "without  father 
or  mother,  or  table  of  descent."  Fortu- 
nately in  all  of  them  we  have  official  rec- 
ords of  origin,  purpose  and.  in  many,  of 
their  final  dissolution.  This  history  can 
touch  only  the  more  pretentious  clubs. 
An  attempt  to  define  the  scope  and  to  give 
the  history  of  all  the  various  church  so- 
cieties, neighborhood  circles,  social  and 
card  clubs,  would  use  up  the  limits  of  this 
paper  largely  in  their  simple  enumeration. 

The    social    instincts    of    Evanstonians 


are  much  like  those  of  any  community. 
As  soon  as  any  neighborhood  discovered 
that  it  contained  a  band  of  congenial 
spirits,  it  generally  desired  to  form  a  club 
in  order  to  give  these  instincts  play  and 
development.  In  the  early  days,  when 
Evanston  was  smaller  and  when  outside 
interests  attracted  less  of  the  attention  of 
business  men  and  professional  men;  when 
the  people  on  the  Ridge  knew  the  people 
on  Forest  Avenue ;  before  the  Evanston 
Club,  the  Boat  Club,  the  Country  Club,  or 
any  of  the  various  whist  clubs  were  or- 
ganized ;  in  the  days  when  people  took 
time  to  read  and  think  and  discuss,  and 
not  simply  prophesy  smooth  things;  back 
in  the  early  '60s,  in  the  days  when  the 
names  of  Bannister,  Willard,  and  Kidder 
were  household  words  in  Evanston,  a  club 
of  young  women  was  organized  known 
as  the  Iota  Omega  Club.  The  symbolic 
letters  were  believed  to  signify  Inde- 
pendent Order ;  at  least,  the  motto  of  the 
club — "No  others  need  apply" — would 
seem  to  make  it  capable  of  that  interpre- 
tation. This  club  was  organized  in  i860 
and  during  its  various  vicissitudes  and 
ramifications,  it  developed  into,  or  was 
absorbed  by,  the  Eclectic  Society,  the  So- 
cial Club,  and  finally  by  the  well  known 
club  CI  the  present  day,  the  Evanston 
Club.  As  this  club  is  to  have  a  separate 
chapter  in  this  History,  it  is  not  necessary 


433 


434 


SOCIAL  AND    LITERARY   CLUBS 


to  go  more  into  detail  in  this  account. 
Intellectual  improvement  and  social  en- 
joyment were  the  fundamental  features 
of  all  of  these  clubs. 

Perhaps  the  most  pretentious  club  in 
Evanston's  early  days  was  the 

Philosophical  Association.- — This  club 
had  enough  importance  to  be  incor- 
porated, and  received  a  charter  from  the 
Secretary  of  State,  bearing  date,  Feb- 
ruary 28,  1867.  Dr.  Bannister  was  the 
father  of  the  society,  and  a  study  of  the 
list  of  subjects  discussed  shows  that  they 
were  of  no  trifling  nature,  and  were 
handled  in  no  inferior  manner.  The  rec- 
ords show  that  papers  were  discussed 
bearing  such  formidable  titles  as  the  fol- 
lowing: "The  Relation  of  the  Uncondi- 
tioned, the  Absolute,  and  the  Infinite  to 
Human  Faith  and  Knowledge";  "Is  a 
Science  of  History  Possible?"  "Science, 
Religion  and  Theology" ;  "The  Nature 
and  Province  of  Instinct" ;  "Religious 
Controversy  between  Deism  and  Chris- 
tianity." The  foregoing  are  not  specially 
selected  subjects,  but  are  taken  at  ran- 
dom from  the  records,  and  illustrate  the 
fact  that,  in  those  early  days,  the  men 
who  discussed  subjects  did  much  original 
work,  and  did  not  rely  upon  the  encyclo- 
paedia to  inform  them  as  to  what  some 
one  else  had  said  or  done  upon  the  sub- 
ject in  hand.  Economics,  Sociology,  Po- 
litical Economy,  Electricity,  Astronomy, 
Physics,  Chemistry  and  pure  Mathe- 
matics came  in  for  a  fair  share  of  the  dis- 
cussion; in  fact,  it  is  not  impossible  to 
find  men  today  who  think  the  society 
might  be  still  living  if  it  had  not  been  for 
its  sensitiveness  about  having  the  tariff 
discussed.  If  this  is  a  matter  of  history, 
it  serves  to  show  that  the  tariff  is  not 
entirely  an  unmixed  good  ;  for  ther"  ought 
to  be  a  place  in  Evanston  for  a  club  \'hich 
would  discuss  the  more  serious  things  of 


life.  It  is,  however,  hardly  to  be  ex- 
pected that  another  club  like  this  will  ever 
exist  in  Evatiston.  The  changes  in  theo- 
logical thought  and  discussion  in  the  last 
twenty-five  years,  perhaps  a  certain  lack 
of  seriousness  in  the  present  day  life,  the 
demands  that  are  made  on  professional 
and  business  men,  make  it  quite  impos- 
sible to  get  together  a  set'  of  men  who 
could  give  time  and  energy  to  such  sub- 
jects as  the  old  Philosophical  Association 
used  to  consider.  The  society  had  an 
existence  of  sixteen  years,  and  finally  dis- 
banded after  its  meeting  of  February  13, 
1882.  During  its  period  of  prosperity,  the 
society  kept  up,  for  a  time,  a  course  of 
free  public  lectures,  and  the  public  were 
frequently  invited  to  hear  papers  of  the 
members  when  such  papers  promised  to 
be  of  more  than  ordinary  interest  or  merit. 
The  successive  Presidents  of  the  society 
were :  Henry  Bannister,  Oliver  Marcy, 
Francis  Bradley.  L.  H.  Boutell.  F.  D. 
Hemenway,  Andrew  Shuman.  D.  H. 
Wheeler,  N.  S.  Davis,  Miner  Raymond, 
N.  C.  Gridley,  J.  G.  Forest,  H.  S.  Carhart, 
C.  W.  Pearson,  H.  F.  Fisk. 

Legensia  Club. — Perhaps  the  next  most 
important  club  in  Evanston  was  "Legen- 
sia." The  original  name  of  this  club  was 
the  O.  R.  Circle.  This  was  the  abbrevi- 
ated way  of  writing  "Our  Reading  Cir- 
cle." It  had  its  origin  January  30,  1880. 
On  that  date  a  few  congenial  friends  met 
at  the  home  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  H.  B 
Cragin  and  formed  a  club  whose  object, 
as  stated  in  its  call,  should  be  "the  form- 
ing of  a  club  for  literary  exercises,  having" 
in  view  both  the  profit  and  pleasure  of  its 
members."  In  a  short  time  the  name  of 
the  club  was  changed  to  "Legensia"— a 
name  which  was  compounded  b}-  Pro- 
fessor J.  Scott  Clark  from  the  last  three 
syllables  of  Collegensia  and  the  syllable 
leg     from    the    Latin  word  lci;o,  to  read. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


435 


The  development  of  this  club  was  much 
like  that  of  a  child.  It  passed  through  its 
years  of  infanc}',  youth,  maturity  and  de- 
cline. A  study  of  its  successive  programs 
shows  clearly  the  working  out  of  those 
lines  of  work  and  thought  which  char- 
acterize childhood,  youth  and  maturity. 
Its  first  notion  was  to  meet  and  read 
something  serious,  then  something  light 
and  humorous,  and  to  have  each  program 
interspersed  with  some  descriptions  of 
people  or  places  by  members  who  might 
be  qualified  to  speak  along  these  lines. 
The  club  soon  gave  up  this  desultory 
work,  and  took  up  a  line  of  work  which 
had  continuity  and  serious  purpose  in  it. 
The  Life  and  Works  of  Daniel  Webster 
formed  the  theme  of  reading  for  the  first 
year,  and  the  Life  and  Letters  of  Ticknor 
the  second  year.  At  the  beginning  of 
the  third  year,  Legensia  began  to  show 
precocity  by  writing  its  own  composi- 
tions. The  biographical  spirit  was  still 
rampant  and  strongly  impressed  the  so- 
ciety, and  accordingly  all  of  the  essays 
were  biographical.  No  system  obtained 
in  the  selection  of  authors,  and  there  was 
a  frisky  skipping  from  Holmes  to  John 
Adams.  Then  Legensia  took  a  run  down 
to  the  sixteenth  century,  to  Martin  Luther, 
and  then  back  to  the  nineteenth  century  to 
Elizabeth  Barrett  Browning,  with  an 
alacrity  of  disconnectedness  which  would 
have  been  the  envy  of  the  promoters  of 
the  International  Sunday  School  Lessons. 
The  novelist,  poet,  statesman,  historian, 
essayist,  philosopher,  and  philanthropist 
were  made,  in  succession,  the  subjects  of 
Legensia's  praise  and  criticism.  During 
this  year  a  famous  debate  arose  as  to  the 
relative  merits  of  Webster  and  Sumner 
as  statesmen.  The  debate  was  as  hot 
and  as  protracted  as  any  in  which  those 
famous  statesmen  ever  engaged  in  the 
halls  of  congress.     Cufiously  enough,  all 


of  the  women  of  the  club  sided  with  Sum- 
ner, while  all  of  the  men  yielded  their 
allegiance  to  Webster.  Finally  one  mem- 
ber was  won  over  to  the  side  of  the 
Webster  camp,  and  the  question  was  set- 
tled in  this  way,  and  never  disturbed  the 
dreams  of  the  club  thereafter.  In  1883, 
Legensia  thought  it  was  old  enough  to 
forego  writing  essays  upon  persons  whose 
lives  had  been  carefully  and  thoughtfully 
written  beforehand  by  competent  histor- 
ians, and  it  took  up  the  matter  of  writing 
about  things.  American  History  became 
the  theme  of  this  year's  work.  The  fol- 
lowing year  was  spent  in  a  study  of  the 
English  poets  from  Chaucer  to  Words- 
worth. By  1886,  the  society  thought  it 
could  wrestle  with  the  deep  problems  of 
life,  and  so  took  up  the  discussion  of  the 
mysteries  of  the  protective  tariff,  with  the 
usual  result,  that  after  a  year  of  discussion, 
everyone  understood  it  perfectly,  but  no 
two  persons  had  the  same  understanding 
about  it.  In  1887-88,  the  Victorian  Reign, 
and  the  next  year  French  History  from 
Julius  Caesar  to  that  date,  were  con- 
sidered. In  1889,  nothing  in  the  old  lines 
was  quite  satisfactory  to  the  society. 
Several  programs  were  suggested,  but 
were  all  thrown  out,  and  the  club  spent 
a  year  on  the  study  of  "Socialism."  This 
proved  to  be  one  of  the  most  interesting 
years  in  the  history  of  the  society.  After 
1890  the  club  had  an  existence  of  four 
years  during  which  it  discussed  art,  archi- 
tecture, Alaska,  Australia,  Africa,  Aid- 
rich,  Agassiz,  and  numerous  problems  of 
government,  ethics,  schools,  and  also 
the  practical  problems  of  life.  In  fact, 
the  latter  subject  was  frequently  a 
matter  of  discussion  in  the  club,  and 
the  manner  in  which  it  took  hold 
of  the  subject  was  an  ample  testi- 
mony to  the  witticism  of  the  bright 
Evanston  woman  who  said  she  was  sick 


436 


SOCIAL  AND   LITERARY   CLUBS 


and  tired  of  hearing  about  her  soul,  but 
wanted  to  know  how  to  keep  her  kitchen 
drain  clean.  The  last  year  of  Legensia 
was  devoted  to  a  consideration  of  Bryce's 
American  Commonwealth.  Whether  or 
not  this  proved  too  severe  a  task,  or 
whether  other  attractions  abbreviated 
the  membership,  the  club  never  got  be- 
yond December,  1894.  This  club  never 
attempted  the  solution  of  the  deep  things 
of  life,  as  did  the  old  Philosophical  As- 
sociation. It  never  had  soarings  after 
the  infinite  nor  divings  after  the  unfath- 
omable, nor  did  it  ever  attempt  Brown- 
ing. 

The  annual  banquets  of  Legensia 
were  meetings  of  great  enjoyment.  The 
first  one  was  a  complete  surprise  upon 
the  gentlemen  of  the  club,  having  been 
secretly  prepared  in  advance  by  the  la- 
dies. It  consisted  of  a  fine  collation  of 
chicken  salad,  celery,  cheese  -  sticks, 
cream,  candy,  and  numerous  other  at- 
tractive articles  of  diet,  and  when  the 
business  of  this  evening  was  over,  the 
gentlemen  were  ushered  into  the  pres- 
ence of  the  feast.  As  a  literary  feature 
of  the  evening,  each  man  was  asked  to 
give  his  favorite  author  and  a  quotation 
from  his  works,  and  also  to  name  his  na- 
tive State.  As  this  was  entirely  im- 
promptu, it  led  to  some  embarrassment, 
and  men  who  had  never  quailed  before 
the  cannon's  mouth  were  suddenly  struck 
dumb  at  the  audacity  of  the  ladies,  and 
their  natural  eloquence  was  abated.  One 
of  the  most  eloquent  members  of  the 
club  could  only  repeat  the  first  verse  of 
Genesis,  while  one  of  the  most  learned 
members  of  the  faculty  of  Northwestern 
University  could  only  describe  his  favor- 
ite state  —  into  which  he  shortly  after- 
ward entered.  Fourteen  banquets  in  all 
were  held,  and  it  would  be  impossible  to 
recount  all  of  the  bright  things  that  were 


said  and  done  on  these  occasions.  One 
of  the  most  unique  was  where  each  mem- 
ber was  required  to  bring  in  an  original 
poem,  or  at  least  alleged  poetry;  and 
these  poems  varied  in  length  from  four 
lines  to  one  which  took  two  rolls  of  wall 
paper  to  contain  it.  From  the  latter  epi- 
sode Mr.  Dorr  A.  Kimball  earned  the 
title  of  poet  laureate  of  the  club.  It 
would  be  impossible  to  speak  in  detail 
of  the  personnel  of  the  club.  There  were 
in  all  about  three  hundred  members  dur- 
ing its  fourteen  years  of  history,  includ- 
ing every  class  of  society  except  the 
crank ;  all  degrees  of  wealth,  one  Gov- 
ernor, three  members  of  the  Legislature, 
one  Attorney-General  of  the  State,  busi- 
ness men,  bankers,  professional  men,  col- 
lege Presidents  and  Professors  unnum- 
bered. One  of  the  early  members  of  the 
club  made  it  a  point,  at  every  meeting,  to 
have  on  hand  the  autograph  or  some  for- 
mer personal  belonging  of  the  person 
under  discussion,  and  succeeded  in  every 
case  except  in  the  case  of  Julius  Caesar. 
When  Martin  Luther  was  under  consid- 
eration this  member  is  said  to  have  had 
with  him  ink-stained  samples  of  ingrain 
wall-paper,  which  he  declared  were  taken 
from  the  room  where  Luther  threw  the 
ink  bottle  at  the  Devil.  The  higher  crit- 
icism was  not  rampant  in  those  days,  but 
in  spite  of  that  fact,  some  members  were 
so  incredulous  as  to  doubt  the  identity 
of  this  particular  paper. 

The  papers  of  Legensia  were  always 
of  a  dignified  nature.  The  flippant  never 
entered  into  its  discussions,  and  even  the 
discussion  of  the  protective  tariflf  never 
precipitated  any  lifelong  animosities,  and 
the  club  will  ever  remain  in  the  memo- 
ries of  older  Evanstonians  as  a  pleasant 
recollection  of  fourteen  years  of  earnest, 
profitable,  wholesome  and  most  enjoy- 
able work,  coupled  with  a  spirit  of  hos- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


437 


pitality,  generosity  and  friendship,  which 
have  become  a  permanent  part  of  many 
lives  made  sweeter  by  the  privileges  of 
this  association. 

The  following  persons  have  acted  as 
Presidents  of  Legensia :     C.  A.  Flanders, 

F.  P.  Crandon  (two  terms),  H.  B.  Cra- 
gin,  W.  S.  Harbert,  H.  H.  C.  Miller,  O. 
E.  Haven,  C.  W.  Pearson,  Dorr  A.  Kim- 
ball, H.  H.  Kingsley,  C.  B,  Atwell,  L. 
K.  Gillson,  R.  B.  McMullen,  J.  Scott 
Clark  and   Fleming  H.  Revell. 

Bryant  Circle. — The  Bryant  Circle  can 
claim  the  distinction  of  having  had  thus 
far  the  longest  life  of  any  literary  society 
in  Evanston,  it  now  being  in  the  twentv- 
first  year  of  its  existence.  It  was  or- 
ganized in  1885  as  a  "Chautauqua  Lit- 
erary and  Scientific  Circle."  In  the  win- 
ter of  1883-84  several  ladies  of  Evanston 
were  pursuing  independently  the  studies 
as  laid  down  by  the  Chautauqua  Asso- 
ciation. Realizing,  however,  the  benefit 
that  would  come  from  united  action,  the 
regular  meeting  together  of  those  inter- 
ested in  the  same  line  of  study,  both 
from  the  information  each  would  impart 
to  the  other  and  from  the  stimulus  that 
would  be  aroused  by  such  union,  they 
resolved  to  call  a  meeting  of  the  ladies  of 
the  village  interested  in  forming  an  after- 
noon circle  for  the  following  winter.  Ac- 
cordingly, there  appeared  in  the  "Evans- 
ton Index"  of  September  19,  1885,  a  no- 
tice calling  such  a  meeting,  the  result  of 
which  was  seen  in  the  coming  together 
of  ten  ladies,  meeting  with  Mrs.  Carse- 
well  at  the  Avenue  House  Cottage.  The 
charter  members  of  the  society  which 
was  organized  were  Mrs.  Carsewell,  Mrs. 
H.  H.  Gage,  Mrs.  George  Bancroft,  Mrs. 
H.  J.  Edwards,  Mrs.  W.  H.  Crocker,  Mrs. 

G.  H.  Thompson,  Mrs.  W.  H.  Lewis, 
Mrs.  Baskin  and  Mrs.  Balding.  New 
members  were  constantly  added  and  in- 


terest continued  unabated.  The  name 
"Bryant"  may  possibly  be  something  of 
a  misnomer  to  those  not  familiar  with 
the  beginnings  of  the  society.  When  a 
name  for  the  circle  was  under  discussion 
at  one  of  the  early  meetings  the  name 
Bryant  seemed  especially  fitting,  that 
day  being  the  birthday  of  the  poet,  and 
also  one  of  the  memorial  daj-s  in  the 
Chautauqua  calendar;  hence  it  was 
chosen.  As  no  study  of  that  poet  has 
ever  been  pursued  by  the  circle,  it  has 
been  thought  by  many,  during  late 
years,  that  it  is  misleading,  and  there 
has  been  an  attempt  made  to  change  the 
name,  but,  possibly  from  the  sentiment 
of  long  association,  the  vote  of  the  circle 
decided  to  retain  its  original  name.  The 
Chautauqua  outline  of  work  was  strictly 
followed  for  four  years,  at  which  time 
(1889)  the  course  was  completed.  The 
Circle  then  departed  somewhat  from  the 
prescribed  line,  and  for  three  years  fol- 
lowed the  outline  pertaining  to  History 
and  Literature,  leaving  out  the  sciences. 
At  the  end  of  that  time  it  discontinued 
the  Chautauqua  study  and  a  program 
committee  from  the  club  has,  each  year, 
presented  a  program  which  met  the  ex- 
pressed desires  of  the  Circle — the  prefer- 
ence being  generally  given  to  literary  and 
art  studies.  During  the  winter  following 
the  World's  Fair  papers  were  prepared 
on  the  various  exhibits,  more  especially 
pertaining  to  the  arts,  crafts  and  indus- 
tries, each  paper  being  the  result  of  per- 
sonal observations.  Various  countries 
have  been  studied,  and  altogether  the 
Circle's  work,  during  its  long  career,  has 
touched  upon  many  branches'  of  culture 
— intellectual,  aesthetic,  moral  and  re- 
ligious. The  fact  that  every  member 
has  contributed  her  share  of  the  written 
papers,  and  taken  part  in  the  discussions, 
has  been  a  distinctive  and  pleasing  fea- 


438 


SOCIAL  AND    LITERARY   CLUBS 


tiire  of  the  society.  The  active  member- 
ship of  the  Circle  is  Hmited  to  thirty. 
There  is  an  associate  Hst,  limited  to  ten, 
containing  the  names  of  those  who,  hav- 
ing been  active  members,  are  for  good 
reasons  unable  to  be  constant  attend- 
ants at  regular  meetings ;  these,  how- 
ever, are  expected  to  participate,  as  far 
as  possible,  in  the  programs  of  the  Cir- 
cle. There  is  usually  a  number  of  names 
on  the  waiting  list  ready  for  election  into 
the  Circle  whenever  a  vacancy  occurs, 
thus  showing  the  sustained  interest  and 
popularity  of  the  society.  These  names 
must  be  presented  by  some  member  of  the 
society.  The  election  is  by  ballot,  and  a 
imanimous  vote  is  required  to  gain  admission. 
The  Circle  holds  its  meetings  on  alternate 
Monday  afternoons  at  the  homes  of  its  mem- 
bers, and  not  the  least  delightful  feature  of 
the  exercises  is  the  social  one — the  cup 
of  tea  and  the  friendly  chat  which  fol- 
low the  more  formal  program.  During 
the  last  few  years  it  has  been  the  custom, 
each  winter,  to  hold  one  evening  meeting 
to  which  the  husbands  and  friends  of  the 
members  have  been  invited,  and  an  ad- 
dress has  been  given  by  an  invited 
speaker  on  some  topic  kindred  to  the  line 
of  study  of  the  year.  A  number  of 
clergymen  of  Evanston  and  University 
professors  have  favored  the  Circle ;  also 
delightful,  musical  numbers  have  been 
given  by  Evanston  artists. 

The  following  persons  have  acted  as 
Presidents  of  the  Circle:  Mrs.  G.  W. 
Candee,  Mrs.  W.  H.  Whitehead,  Mrs.  A. 
F.  Townsend,  Mrs.  L.  D.  Norton,  Mrs. 
H.  R.  Wilson,  Miss  Mary  Harris,  Mrs. 
E.  A.  Dawson,  Mrs.  H.  H.  Kingsley, 
Mrs.  Thomas  Balmer,  Mrs.  W.  A.  Smith, 
Mrs.  C.  S.  Raddin,  Mrs.  F.  M.  Bristol, 
Miss  Alice  Houston,  Mrs.  Howard  Field, 
Mrs.  P.  L.  McKinnie,  Mrs.  J.  C.  Turner. 

Pierian     Circle. — The     Pierian     Circle 


was  organized  February  27,  1891.  It 
was  the  outgrowth  of  a  porch  reading 
circle,  which  had  been  enjoyed  by  a  few 
ladies  in  the  same  neighborhood  during 
the  preceding  summer.  As  they  wished 
to  continue  the  pleasant  custom,  and  also 
to  widen  the  scope  of  this  little  circle, 
they  decided  to  make  it  a  regular  organi- 
zation, under  as  informal  a  rule  as  possi- 
ble. For  this  purpose,  a  meeting  was 
called  at  the  above  date  at  the  home  of 
Mrs.  P.  L.  McKinnie,  108  Davis  Street. 
Twelve  ladies  were  present,  and  after 
freely  discussing  the  matter,  a  study  club 
was  formed,  the  object  of  which  should 
be  to  stimulate,  in  an  enjoyable  way,  the 
intellectual  development  of  its  members, 
and  combine  the  advantage  of  literary 
and  social  culture.  The  name  "Pierian" 
was  chosen  for  the  Circle  with  much 
hesitation  as  being  rather  ambitious  for 
a  circle  of  learners,  the  suggestion  com- 
ing from  Pope's  Essay  on  Criticism : 
"Drink  deep,  or  taste  not  the  Pierian 
Spring."  This  objection  was  counter- 
acted somewhat  by  the  motto  selected 
for  the  Circle:  "Let  Knowledge  grow 
fiom  more  to  more."  The  number  of 
members  was  limited  to  thirty,  to  be 
elected  by  vote  of  the  club  after  having 
been  considered  by  a  membership  com- 
mittee, the  meetings  to  be  held  twice  a 
month  at  the  homes  of  its  members. 
The  subject  selected  for  the  first  season's 
study  was  American  History,  and  cur- 
rent events  were  given  at  roll  call.  The 
President  elected  at  the  initial  meeting 
was  Mrs.  C.  E.  Thayer,  one  of  the  orig- 
inal porch  circle. 

While  early  in  its  history  some  philan- 
thropic work  was  done  by  the  club,  its 
main  object  has  been  of  a  literary  nature. 
The  regular  afternoon  meetings  have 
been  occasionally  varied  by  evening 
meetings,    with    invited    guests    and    lee- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


439 


tures  by  those  outside  of  its  own  mem- 
bership. 

The  interest  in  the  Pierian  Club  has 
been  steadily  increasing  and  warmly 
maintained.  Its  list  of  membership  has 
always  been  full,  with  several  on  the 
waiting  list.  The  subjects  which  have 
been  studied  during  the  years  succeeding 
the  first  one  already  mentioned  are  as 
follows:  Ruskin  for  three  seasons; 
Magazine  Reviews ;  The  Victorian 
Reign ;  London ;  France ;  The  English 
Colonies;  The  Industrial  Arts. 

The  office  of  President  has  been  held 
by  the  following  named  persons :  Mrs. 
P.  R.  Woodford,  Mrs.  R.  P.  Hollett,  Miss 
Mary  Harris,  Mrs.  J.  A.  Battle,  Mrs.  Nel- 
son De  Golyer,  Mrs.  J.  M.  Bond. 

The  Fortnightly. — Preparatory  to  the 
ascension  of  the  great  White  City  on  the 
shores  of  Lake  Michigan,  a  thousand 
fantasies  possessed  the  imaginations  of 
the  people,  anticipating  the  marvelous 
phantasmago;"ia  soon  to  be  practically 
realized.  It  is  not  surprising  that  the 
highly  favored  inhabitants  of  Evanston 
should  have  shared  in  the  general  enthu- 
siasm to  the  extent  of  seeing  visions  by 
night  and  dreaming  dreams  by  day. 
Hence  it  so  happened  that  the  genesis 
of  the  "Fortnightly"  was  the  product  of 
a  revelation  communicated  to  a  few 
friends  with  mutual  sympathies  and 
common  aims,  who  entered  into  an  infor- 
mal partnership  for  higher  education,  di- 
versified by  friendly  chat  and  the  con- 
sequent attrition  of  many  minds.  On 
this  purely  unconventional  basis,  the 
Fortnightly  Club  commenced  business 
nearly  fourteen  years  ago.  This  chrysalis 
of  inexperience  was  destined  to  mature 
beyond  the  stage  of  the  ephemeral  fledg- 
ling, and  while  building  better  than  it 
knew,  to  earn  an  enviable  reputation  for 
stabilitv  and  intelligence  second  to  none 


of  its  kindred  societies.  The  first  women 
to  extend  a  helping  hand  to  this  union 
were,  in  order,  as  follows:  Mrs.  Lucre- 
tia  Morgan,  Mrs.  Henrietta  Day,  Mrs. 
Alexander  Clark,  Mrs.  Sereno  Norton, 
Mrs.  Thomas  L.  Fansler  and  Mrs.  George 
Graley.  These  few  founders  stand  for 
charter  members  of  an  unincorporated 
club  which  has  never  formed  any  alli- 
ance with  State  or  National  Federations. 
It  was  originally  christened  as  the 
"Woman's  Reading  Circle,"  and  made  its 
initial  bow  to  the  public  with  the  assist- 
ance of  a  single  official,  Mrs.  Alexander 
Clark  acting  as  Director,  and  filling  the 
position  most  acceptably  and  efficiently. 
With  the  lapse  of  years  this  infant  indus- 
try grew  in  stature  and  in  grace.  Hav- 
ing an  increased  membership,  it  natur- 
ally drifted  with  the  tide  into  broader 
thought  expressed  in  more  conventional 
channels,  and  became,  like  all  well-regu- 
lated associations  of  the  time,  governed 
by  parliamentary  rules,  selecting  regu- 
lar presiding  officers,  and  finally  adopt- 
ing the  more  dignified  title  of  the  Fort- 
nightly Club  of  Evanston.  As  any  trust- 
worthy narrative  must  include  a  definite 
list  of  topics  for  study,  the  various  sub- 
jects are  appended  herewith :  History  of 
Spain;  Arts  and  Industries;  Countries  of 
the  World ;  Celebrated  Historians ;  Par- 
liamentary Law  and  Socialism ;  Miscel- 
laneous Program  in  1896-7 — History  of 
Chicago;  Cuba  and  the  Philippine  Is- 
lands ;  Russia,  Customs  and  Manners ; 
Holland  and  Her  Dykes;  Fiction  and 
Philosophy. 

These  topics  were  interspersed  with 
current  events  of  interest,  discussions  on 
higher  education,  the  amenities  of  home 
and  fireside,  with  the  practical  solution  of 
vexed  problems  and  the  burning  issues 
of  the  hour. 

The    life   of   the    Fortnightly   has    not, 


44° 


SOCIAL  AND   LITERARY   CLUBS 


however,  been  one  of  serious  contempla- 
tion. It  has  frequently  had  brought  to 
mind  the  old  adage,  that  "All  work  and 
no  play  makes  life  dull  every  day";  so, 
metaphorically  speaking,  the  club  has 
taken  up  the  "fiddle  and  the  bow,"  while 
resting  from  the  exertions  of  the  "shovel 
and  the  hoe."  As  comparisons  are  odi- 
ous, it  may  not  be  well  to  chronicle  any 
of  the  gay  larks  indulged  in  by  this  clique 
of  sober  and  serious  matrons.  Let  it 
suffice  that  the  Fortnightly  has  held  dig- 
nified receptions,  listened  to  lectures  and 
addresses,  played  hilarious  games  galore; 
has  been  feted  and  feasted  at  the  hospita- 
ble homes  of  its  members,  and  last,  but 
not  least,  has  disported  gaily  in  honor  of 
Saint  Valentine,  where,  if  not  wined  in 
this  prohibition  town,  the  club  has  cer- 
tainly dined  to  its  heart's  content.  As 
this  is  a  many-sided  club,  it  has  never 
turned  a  deaf  ear  to  appeals  for  philan- 
thropic and  charitable  enterprises.  Dur- 
ing the  winter  many  a  fire  has  been  kept 
burning,  and  the  wolf  diverted  from  the 
doors  of  the  sick  and  needy.  Money  has 
been  contributed  for  the  collection  of 
books,  a  room  furnished  in  a  public  insti- 
tution, and  last  year  all  moneys  were 
turned  into  the  general  fund  of  the  As- 
sociated Charities. 

At  the  commencement  of  the  fourteenth 
year  of  the  history  of  the  Club,  it  has  a 
full  roster  of  thirty  members.  Good  fel- 
lowship has  always  been  its  aim.  On  the 
solid  rock  of  the  sacredness  of  home  and 
family  ties,  the  Club  stands  as  a  unit. 
Births  and  deaths  and  burials  have  been 
fitly  commemorated  alike  in  kind  words 
and  loving  deeds,  and  the  fragrant  min- 
istry of  flowers — the  pink  carnation  be- 
ing the  floral  emblem  of  the  Club.  In 
the  flight  of  time  but  one  member  has 
been  gathered  by  the  unrelenting  scythe 
of  death.     Many  changes  have  occurred 


in  the  roll  call,  but  vacancies  are  speedily 
filled,  while  some  of  the  original  mem- 
bers and  a  little  of  the  old  leaven  still 
remain  intact. 

Thirty  daughters  under  one  roof-tree 
have  inevitably  held  different  opinions, 
yet  uniformly  agreeing  to  disagree  in  a 
spirit  of  tolerance,  the  general  weal  be- 
ing the  paramount  consideration.  Col- 
lectively the  Fortnightly  Club  is  com- 
posed of  wide-awake,  intelligent,  pro- 
gressive women  living  up  to  the  spirit  of 
the  motto  of  the  Club,  "Whatever  the 
subject,  it  deserves  our  pains." 

The  Club  has  a  very  promising  future, 
and  it  is  enthusiastically  hoped  that  it 
may  attain  to  that  spirit  of  high  idealism 
expressed  by  one  of  its  members :  "That 
the  coming  years  may  bring  to  all  its 
members  a  still  larger  charity  and  greater 
loving  kindness,  forming  an  indissoluble 
union  of  heart  and  hand,  a  loyal  copart- 
nership that  shall  abide  'for  better  or 
worse,  for  richer  or  poorer,  in  sickness 
and  in  health,  till  death  do  us  part.'  " 

The  Coterie. — In  1893  ^^^  invitation 
was  sent  to  the  ladies  living  on  Michigan 
Avenue  between  Kedzie  and  Keeney 
Avenues,  to  come  together  for  the  after- 
noon, and  bring  their  sewing  and  chil- 
dren, if  necessary,  while  one  lady  would 
read  to  them  from  some  recently  pub- 
lished book.  "The  Prince  of  India,"  by 
General  Lew  Wallace,  was  chosen ;  and 
each  week  a  few  chapters  of  the  book 
were  read,  after  which  a  social  hour  was 
passed  and  light  refreshments  were 
served. 

The  afternoon  was  much  enjoyed,  and 
the  ladies  decided  to  meet  every  week 
at  their  various  homes.  There  were 
present  at  each  meeting  ladies  of  musi- 
cal talent  who  pledged  themselves  to 
furnish  either  piano  or  vocal  music. 
Several   books  were   read  during   1893-4. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


441 


October  5,  1894,  it  was  decided  to  organ- 
ize a  society  with  the  understanding  that 
the  closing  hour  for  conversation  and 
social  pleasure  be  not  infringed  upon. 
Accordingly,  a  constitution  was  pre- 
sented and  unanimously  adopted.  Mrs. 
E.  L.  Waddell  was  elected  President, 
and  she  has  retained  the  office  up  to  the 
present  time,  1902.  With  no  desire  to 
be  called  a  literary  club,  it  was  decided 
to  call  the  Club  "The  Coterie."  The  so- 
cial requirements  form  a  large  part  of 
the  afternoon  entertainment.  As  the 
members  are,  for  the  most  part,  too  busy 
to  prepare  papers,  the  literary  features 
of  the  afternoon  have  consisted  largely  in 
reading  from  books,  magazines  and  va- 
rious other  sources. 

The  later  history  of  The  Coterie  em- 
braces a  study  of  foreign  countries,  and 
an  annual  program  is  followed  every 
year,  in  which  pleasure,  entertainment 
and  culture,  as  well  as  social  enjoyment, 
are  the  leading  characteristics.  The  lit- 
erary features  of  the  afternoon  have 
never  been  a  burden  to  the  Club,  and 
once  a  year  there  is  an  annual  dinner  and 
a  children's  party,  which  are  not  the  least 
pleasing  features  of  this  very  delightful 
and  enthusiastic  club. 

The  Coming  Century  Club. — The  Com- 
ing Century  Club  of  Evanston  was  first 
suggested  February  18,  1894.  It  origi- 
nated in  a  meeting  of  eight  men ;  W.  E. 
Wilkinson,  H.  L.  Tolman,  D.  D.  Thomp- 
son, F.  W.  Nichols,  C.  O.  Scudder,  W. 
H.  Webster,  E.  O.  Blake  and  A.  E.  A. 
Shinner.  It  was  proposed  to  form  a  so- 
ciety of  gentlemen  to  discuss  the  live 
topics  of  the  day. 

A  meeting  was  called  by  this  gather- 
ing, and  over  a  supper  at  the  home  of 
H.  L.  Tolman,  the  Club  was  organized. 
The  name,  "Coming  Century  Club,"  was 
suggested   by    Mr.   J.   J.    Flinn,   and    the 


following  is  Mr.  Scudder's  record  of  the 
meeting: 

"Coming  Century  Club. — On  Monday  evening,  Feb- 
ruary 2oth,  Messrs.  Adair,  Blake,  Flinn,  Graham,  Hibben, 
Knox,  Milhening,  Nichols,  Rowe,  Scudder,  Thompson, 
Tolman.  Webster,  and  Wilkinson,  met  at  the  home  of 
Mr.  Henry  L.  Tolman  and  organized  the  above  named 
club  for  the  free  discussion  of  current  questions,  on  the 
following  basis : 

Negations. 
No  Accounts  nor 

nor 

nor 

nor 

nor 

nor 

nor 

nor 


No     By-Laws 

No  Club  House 
No  Debts,   Dress  Coats 

No    Fines 
No  Long  Speeches 

No  Officers 
No   Preaching 


Axes, 

Bores  nor  Business, 
Constitution, 
Dudes  nor  Dues, 
Formality, 
Late  Sittings, 
Organizations, 
Profanity. 

"Messrs.  Nichols,  Scudder,  Tolman,  Thompson,  and 
Wilkinson  were  made  an  Executive  Committee  with  power 
to  do  all  business,  with  Mr.  Tolman  as  Chairman  and 
Mr.   Scudder  as   Secretary. 

"The  Club  meets  on  the  second  and  fourth  Monday 
evenings  of  each  month ;  on  the  second  Monday  evening  at 
eight  o'clock  sharp,  at  the  house  of  some  member;  on  the 
fourth  Monday  at  six-thirty  P.  M.,  for  dinner,  discussion 
afterward,  at  some  place  hereafter  designated,  the  same 
to  cost  not  to  exceed  seventy-five  cents. 

"The  Club  adjourns  at  ten  o'clock.  The  introductory 
speakers  are  allowed  twenty  minutes  each,  with  five 
minutes  additional  to  close.  Other  speakers  are  limited 
to  five  minutes.  The  next  meeting  will  be  held  at  the 
residence  of  Mr.  Nichols,  932  Hinman  Avenue,  Monday 
evening,   March  11. 

"Question :  Should  the  United  States  adopt  the  bi- 
metallic standard? 

"Affirmative — Mr.  Adair. 
"Negative — Mr.   Tolman. 

"C.  O.   SCUDDER,  Sec." 

The  membership  was  at  first  limited 
to  thirty-five,  and  meetings  have  always 
been  held  at  the  homes  of  members.  The 
early  popularity  of  the  Club  came  from 
its  unique  constitution,  all  business  be- 
ing transacted  by  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee without  coming  before  the  Club 
to  distract  from  its  social  and  literary 
character.  Its  continued  vitality  has  also 
been  due  to  the  freedom  given  to  all  mem- 
bers to  take  part  in  the  discussions, 
which  have  frequently  been  wise  as  well 
as  witty. 

Meetings  have  been  held  twice  each 
month  during  the  winter  months  of  each 
year  ever  since  the  organization.  Ban- 
quets have  been  held  two  or  three  times 
each  year,  generally  served  by  church  la- 
dies. 

In  1897  the  membership  was  doubled 
by  the  admission  of  ladies,  and  has  sev- 
eral times  been  enlarged  to  accommodate 
the  demand  for  admission  of  new  mem- 


442 


SOCIAL  AND   LITERARY  CLUBS 


bers.  The  present  membership  is  one 
hundred  and  the  homes  are  often  taxed 
to  accommodate  the  meetings. 

At  the  opening  of  the  year  1898  it  was 
thought  best  by  the  committee  to  adopt 
a  constitution,  which  embodied  mainly 
the  past  practices  of  the  Club.  The  first 
printed  annual  programs  were  used  in 
1896  and  have  been  printed  each  year 
since. 

Of  late  years  there  have  been  a  few 
meetings  each  year,  when  outside  talent 
has  been  called  in  to  entertain  the  Club. 
Perfect  harmony  has  prevailed  in  the 
meetings  and  the  discussions  have  set- 
tled nearly  all  the  questions  of  the  day — 
political,  religious,  literary  and  scientific. 

With  the  opening  of  the  season  of 
1901-2  the  name  of  the  Club  became 
"The  Twentieth  Century  Club"  and  will 
probably  remain  so  during  the  present 
century. 

Present  Day  Club. — The  Present  Day 
Club,  while  one  of  the  youngest  clubs  in 
Evanston,  is  thoroughly  an  up-to-date 
club.  It  was  organized  about  1899  by 
six  women  living  in  the  vicinity  of  Sheri- 
dan Road  and  Lee  Street,  for  the  purpose 
of  discussing  the  best  news  of  the  day, 
and  keeping  in  touch  with  the  literary 
world.  The  Club,  which  is  limited  to 
fifteen  members,  meets  every  two  weeks 
in  the  homes  of  its  members.  The  an- 
nual fee  is  used  for  a  book  fund.  The 
leading  works  of  the  present  day  are  pur- 
chased, read  and  discussed,  and  distrib- 
uted, pro  rata,  to  the  members  at  the  close 
of  each  club  year.  Among  the  works  of 
fiction    discussed    during    the    first    year 


were  "Janice  Meredith,"  "When  Knight- 
hood Was  in  Flower"  and  "Richard  Car- 
vel." In  connection  with  the  reading  of 
the  last-named  book,  which  was  valuable 
for  its  wholesomeness  as  well  as  for  its 
historical  worth,  a  scholarly  lecture  on 
the  Revolutionary  Period  was  given  by 
one  of  its  members.  All  the  points  of  in- 
terest were  traced  on  the  map,  and  com- 
parisons were  drawn  with  the  characters 
and  events  depicted  in  the  book.  "Eben 
Holden"  served  as  a  pleasant  dessert  to 
the  year's  literary  menu.  Tolstoy's  life, 
country  and  works  were  studied  during 
the  second  year,  his  last  work  of  fiction 
being  considered  a  strong  work  for  peo- 
ple of  mature  years  who  are  studying  the 
sociological  questions  of  the  day.  The 
work  of  fiction  which  found  greatest  fa- 
vor among  the  members  of  the  Club  was 
"The  Crisis,"  and  it  was  especially  no- 
ticeable that  the  literary  criticisms  of  the 
Club  were  frequently  at  wide  variance 
with  those  of  the  professional  reviewers. 
The  program  for  the  present  year  in- 
cludes current  events,  lives  of  editors, 
magazine  articles  and  late  works  of  fic- 
tion. After  reading  such  books  as  "La- 
zarre"  and  admiring  Gilbert  Parker's 
strong  literary  strokes  in  his  "Right  of 
Way,"  rest  and  refreshment  are  to  be 
found  in  turning  to  Van  Dyke's  "Little 
Rivers,"  or  reading  his  "To  Be  Glad  of 
Life,  because  it  gives  you  the  chance  to 
love  and  to  work,  and  to  play  and  to  look 
up  at  the  stars ;  to  be  satisfied  with  your 
possessions,  but  not  contented  with  your- 
self until  you  have  made  the  best  of 
them." 


I 


CHAPTER  XLIII. 


THE  EVANSTON  WOMAN'S  CLUB 

(By  MRS.  RICHARD  H.  WYMAN) 


Origin  of  Evanston  Woman's  Club  —  Julia 
Ward  Howe's  Advice  —  Organization 
and  First  Officers  —  Club  Programs  — • 
Auxiliary  Organizations  —  Work  of  the 
Traveling  Library  Committee  —  Field 
Day  at  Lake  Genez'a  —  Object  of  the 
Club  Defined  in  Its  Constitution  —  Club 
Motto. 

All  great  and  successful  org-aniza- 
tions  have  their  origin  in  consecration  of 
thought  and  purpose.  The  seed-thought 
of  the  Evanston's  Woman's  Club  flick- 
ered into  existence  deep  in  the  heart  of 
a  woman  whose  desire  was  for  the  activ- 
ity of  all  women  striving  for  the  good  of 
all  women.  The  thought  was  cherished 
and  confided  to  a  few  kindred  spirits. 
Nourished  by  their  sympathy,  strength- 
ened by  their  zeal,  it  grew  into  an  im- 
pulse to  reach  out  for  co-operation. 

Early  in  1889  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Boynton 
Harbert  invited  to  her  home  a  little 
group  of  earnest  women,  to  take  counsel 
together  as  to  how  they^  might  unite  in 
promoting  a  Woman's  Club.  For  inspi- 
ration they  read  with  interest  and  profit 
Julia  Ward  Howe's  address  on  the  "Or- 
ganization of  Women."  That  great  and 
wise  leader,  desiring  to  help  others,  says : 

"Deliberation  in  common,  mutual  in- 
struction, achievement  for  the  whole, 
should  be  the  spirit  of  associations ;  work 


faithfully,  fervently  and  in  sincerity  with 
the  motto,  'The  good  of  all,  the  aim  of 
each.'  Question:  What  are  the  most 
pressing  needs  of  society?  What  can  we, 
as  a  body  corporate,  do  to  meet  and  an- 
swer them?  Learn  to  act  in  the  light 
of  experience.  Work  with  the  conviction 
that  the  possibilities  of  Women's  Clubs 
are  as  broad  as  the  land,  as  diverse  as  are 
the  requirements  of  mankind." 

Pondering  these  sentiments  and  en- 
couraged by  the  enthusiasm  of  their 
hostess,  who  proved  herself  in  every 
sense  a  leader,  these  women  continued  to 
meet  informally  until  in  March,  1889, 
when  they  associated  themselves  to- 
gether to  form  "The  Woman's  Club  of 
Evanston." 

Mrs.  Harbert  was  made  President  and 
Mrs.  Thaddeus  P.  Stanwood  Secretary. 
Early  in  1890  the  membership  had  grown 
to  a  dignity  requiring  a  constitution  and 
regular  officers.  This  form  of  organi- 
zation continued  until  March,  1898,  when 
the  club  was  duly  incorporated  in  accord- 
ance with  the  laws  of  the  State  of  Illi- 
nois. 

Mrs.  Harbert  was  the  Mother  of  the 
Club  in  the  deepest  and  broadest  sense 
of  the  relation  expressed  by  the  word.  It 
has  been  well  said  that  what  Alice  Cary 
accomplished  in  Sorosis,  Mrs.  Harbert  ac- 
complished   and    amplified    in    Evanston. 


443 


444 


THE  EVANSTON  WOMAN'S  CLUB 


To  her  personal  inspiration  and  wise  di- 
rection the  Club  owes  its  early  activities 
and  its  healthful  development.  She  was 
its  President  for  eight  years,  when,  at 
her  own  instance,  the  honor  was  trans- 
ferred to  another.  Mrs  T.  P.  Stanwood 
was  then  elected  to  the  office.  Being  a 
woman  of  exceptional  ability,  keen  per- 
ception and  rare  graciousness,  she  was 
well  qualified  to  guide  the  Club  through 
a  critical  period  and  to  thoroughly  estab- 
lish its  prosperity. 

At  the  end  of  two  years  she  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Mrs.  Richard  H.  Wyman, 
who,  after  two  years'  service,  was  fol- 
lowed by  Mrs.  H.  H.  Kingsley,  a  char- 
ter member  and  loyal  worker.  With 
charming  tact  and  grace  she  conducted 
the  affairs  through  a  very  successful 
year,  when,  positively  declining  re-elec- 
tion, she  was  succeeded,  in  April,  1902, 
by  Mrs.  C.  A.  Goodnow.  These  Presi- 
dents have  always  been  splendidly  sup- 
ported by  fellow-officers  and  a  Board  of 
Managers  showing  ability  and  devoted 
zeal.  Every  department  and  branch  of 
the  club  work  have  received  the  special 
attention  of  women  who  have  devoted 
heart  and  hand  to  the  attainment  of  high- 
est standards. 

The  program  of  the  earlier  years, 
though  not  thoroughly  systematized,  was 
profitable  and  enjoyable.  It  consisted 
usually  of  a  special  topic  with  prepared 
essay,  which  was  followed  by  two  short 
speeches  on  the  subject,  supplemented 
by  informal  discussion.  This  method 
furthered  one  of  the  primary  objects  of 
the  Club — to  train  women  to  become  easy 
speakers ;  to  help  them  to  acquire  the  habit 
of  thinking  and  speaking  readily  and 
connectedly  on  their  feet  before  an  au- 
dience. 

An  indication  of  one  of  the  early-time 
interests  and  activities,  which  has  since 


grown  to  importance,  is  given  in  the  fact 
that  a  large  reception  was  tendered  the 
teachers  of  Evanston  at  Mrs.  Harbert's 
home,  where  an  address  was  made  by 
the  late  Colonel  Parker  on  the  Relation 
of  the  Home  to  the  School. 

During  the  time  from  1891  to  1894  the 
Club  sustained  a  World's  Fair  Depart- 
ment, for  the  purpose  of  study  and  in- 
vestigation in  the  various  lines  of  inter- 
est connected  with  the  World's  Colum- 
bian Exposition.  This  was  under  the 
leadership  of  Miss  Mary  Harris,  and 
proved  a  marked  success. 

A  Household  Economic  Department 
was  organized  at  about  this  time,  at 
whose  meetings,  held  twice  each  month, 
papers  on  Domestic  Science,  previously 
read  at  the  World's  Fair  Congresses, 
were  presented.  This  department 
merged  into  the  Department  of  Philan- 
thropy, which  has  led  the  Club  into  the 
line  of  broader  work  and  great  achieve- 
ments. 

From  this  time  the  work  of  the  Club 
developed  into  departments,  serving  as 
channels  for  each  member  to  pursue  in- 
vestigation and  to  derive  pleasure,  ac- 
cording to  her  taste  and  desire — all  unit- 
ing in  one  general  club  meeting  each 
month ;  all  serving  loyally  any  cause  for 
the  general  good. 

The  Art  and  Literature  Department  was 
formed  in  September,  1894,  and  the  Child 
and  Home  Department  in  1897.  The 
Press  Department  was  organized  a  lit- 
tle later.  A  French  Study  Class,  under 
Professor  Oudshorn,  was  formed  in  1897; 
a  class  in  German,  under  Miss  White,  in 
1899,  and  a  class  in  Civics,  under  Miss 
Childs,  in  1902.  Also  a  class  in  singing, 
under  Professor  Niedlinger,  was  carried 
on  during  the  winter  of  1902. 

The  first,  and  one  of  the  greatest  ef- 
forts of  the   Club  in  outside  work,   was 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


445 


the  impetus  which  it  was  the  means  of 
giving  to  the  Evanston  Emergency  Hos- 
pital. At  a  meeting  held  in  November, 
1891,  the  words  of  Mrs.  A.  L.  Butler 
stirred  the  members  to  form  a  Hospital 
Committee  with  Mrs.  Joseph  Hubbart 
as  Chairman.  It  was  resolved  to  give  a 
festival  and  kirmess.  The  enterprise  met 
with  the  cordial  and  generous  support 
and  efficient  co-operation  of  citizens, 
both  in  and  out  of  the  Club,  and  was  a 
brilliant  success,  netting  $3,600  for  the 
hospital  fund. 

A  course  of  lectures  was  given  during 
the  winter  of  1895,  by  Professor  Charles 
G.  Moulton,  which  afforded  means  to  as- 
sist the  Convalescent  Home  at  Lake 
Geneva  and  to  support  a  teacher  for  a 
sewing  school.  As  a  mark  of  apprecia- 
tion of  the  hospitality  of  the  Evanston 
Boat  Club  in  ofifering  the  use  of  its 
rooms,  a  complimentary  lecture  by  Pro- 
fessor Moulton,  followed  by  a  reception, 
was  given. 

Among  other  good  deeds,  the  Wom- 
an's Club  has  extended  substantial  aid 
to  the  Northwestern  University  Settle- 
ment ;  it  has  placed  a  beautiful  drinking 
fountain  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Chicago 
Commons ;  it  has  contributed  to  the  For- 
ward Movement  and  the  Vacation 
Schools  of  Chicago;  the  local  charities 
have  received  generous  co-operation ;  a 
Day  Nursery  was  established  and  sus- 
tained for  a  time,  and  several  successful 
Mothers'  Clubs  have  been  conducted  at 
the  homes  of  members  and  at  school 
houses. 

Sewing  classes  and  housework  classes 
for  young  girls  were,  during  one  season, 
conducted  by  members  at  their  own 
homes.  At  Thanksgiving  and  Christmas- 
tide  the  overflowing  spirit  of  giving  and 
doing  has  been  directed  in  proper  chan- 
nels   by    a    Club    Committee,    who    thor- 


oughly canvassed  the  town  and  knew 
just  where  the  bounty  was  most  needed 
and  would  be  best  appreciated.  The  pur- 
pose was  that  there  should  not  be  a  child 
within  reach  who  should  not  know  the 
blessings  of  the  season.  Over  two  hun- 
dred families  have  thus  been  reached, 
while  over  one  thousand  public  school 
children  have  been  carefully  examined 
to  ascertain  and  assist  those  suffering 
from  defective  sight  or  hearing.  The 
teeth  of  the  children  have  also  received 
attention. 

A  successful  entertainment,  in  the 
form  of  a  children's  operetta,  "The  House 
That  Jack  Built,"  was  given  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Child  and  Home  Depart- 
ment, which  netted  a  substantial  sum  for 
the  benefit  of  the  Domestic  Science  De- 
partment of  the  Evanston  Public 
Schools.  As  a  memorial  to  a  beautiful 
young  daughter,  one  of  the  prominent 
mothers  of  the  Club  installed  a  Visiting 
Nurse  to  minister  to  those  needing,  but 
not  able  to  pay  for,  such  service.  This 
noble  work  has  been  sustained  through 
the  Philanthropic  Department.  The 
bright  face,  untiring  devotion  and  ready 
skill  of  the  Club's  representative.  Miss 
Galtz,  in  this  beautiful  charity,  has  been 
appreciatively  welcomed  by  scores  of  suf- 
ferers. 

In  response  to  an  earnest  talk  from 
the  President,  much  of  personal  service 
was  undertaken  and  accomplished  during 
Mrs.  Stanwood's  administration.  It  was 
interesting  to  note  the  varied  character 
of  the  responses.  Some  offered  the  use 
of  their  carriages  to  those  who  might 
especially  need  them ;  others,  a  view  of 
their  pictures ;  still  others,  their  time  to 
read,  to  tell  stories,  to  mend,  to  make 
over  clothing,  to  teach  some  common  or 
unusual  branch  of  home  accomplish- 
ments.    One  of  the   tangible  results    of 


446 


THE  EVANSTON  WOMAN'S  CLUB 


this  movement  was  the  purchase  by  the 
Club  of  a  knitting-machine  for  the  use 
of  the  clififerent  Mothers'  Chibs,  where  the 
call  for  stockings  was  constant  and  im- 
perative. 

A  letter,  sent  through  Mrs.  Grey,  ap- 
pealed to  Marshall  Field  &  Company  for 
a  guarantee  of  garments  manufactured 
under  sanitary  conditions.  Thus  was  a 
beginning  made  towards  one  of  the  great 
objects  aimed  at  later  by  the  Consumers' 
League.  One  of  the  members  skilled  in 
bird  lore  gave  a  series  of  interesting 
talks  upon  her  favorite  subject.  An- 
other member  led  a  course  in  parliament- 
ary law,  which  was  very  profitable  and 
enjoyable.  A  Legislative  Committee  has 
watched  and  reported  bills  and  legisla- 
tive matters  of  importance  and  interest 
to  the  women,  and  the  proper  influence 
has  been  used  to  further  them.  A  course 
of  lectures  and  demonstrations  in  cook- 
ing and  housekeeping,  by  Mrs.  Hiller, 
was  managed  by  the  Child  and  Home 
Department.  These  were  attended  by 
over  a  hundred  women,  both  mistresses 
and  maids,  who  gave  their  enthusiastic 
approval. 

In  May,  1900,  the  Club  invited  the  Il- 
linois Congress  of  Mothers  to  meet  un- 
der its  auspices  in  Evanston.  An  ex- 
ceedingly interesting  series  of  meetings 
was  held,  lasting  over  three  days.  These 
meetings  were  addressed  by  eminent 
men  and  women,  and  were  attended  by 
delegates  from  all  parts  of  the  State. 
The  conference  closed  with  a  beautiful 
reception  given  by  Dr.  and  Mrs.  McKin- 
ney,  at  their  palatial  home  on  the  lake 
shore.  Baroness  Schimmermann,  the 
German  philanthropist,  gave  an  interest- 
ing talk  during  her  stay  in  Chicago  con- 
cernihg  herself  and  her  work  among  sail- 
ors. Committees  are  maintained  to  pro- 
mote the  work  of  the  Juvenile  Court  and 


support  a  probation  ofificer;  also  to  assist 
the  Vacation  Schools  and  to  guard  and 
enforce  the  ordinances  of  the  city  of 
Evanston. 

The  Traveling  Library  Committee 
sent  out  its  first  library  in  1900.  This 
was  the  first  library  in  the  world  to  be 
taken  in  charge  by  the  Rural  Delivery. 
Since  that  time  ten  libraries  of  fifty  books 
each,  packed  in  a  complete  case,  have 
been  sent  on  their  way  to  cheer  the  bar- 
ren places  where  books  are  unattainable. 
Magazines  and  periodicals  are  constantly 
being  sent  in  packages  to  various  insti- 
tutions and  hospitals,  for  both  adults  and 
children. 

For  several  seasons  the  privileges  of 
the  Club  have  been  extended  to  all  the 
teachers  of  Evanston,  and  during  the 
past  season  the  husbands  of  members 
and  gentlemen  "connected  by  marriage" 
have  been  invited  to  attend  the  meetings. 
Those  who  have  been  able  to  avail  them- 
selves of  the  opportunity  have  expressed 
their  approbation  and  enjoyment,  as 
they  have  lingered  to  chat  over  the  cup 
of  tea  or  coffee  which  is  always  served 
at  the  close  of  the  meetings. 

The  Club  is  affiliated  with  the  Illinois 
Federation  of  Woman's  Clubs,  the  Illi- 
nois Congress  of  Mothers,  the  Illinois  So- 
ciety for  Child-Study,  the  Chicago  Art 
Association  and  the  Cook  County  League, 
and  in  the  Club  rooms  is  a  tempting  sup- 
ply of  books  and  current  magazines. 

A  word  as  to  the  local  habitation  of 
this  organization.  It  was  born  in  the 
home  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Boynton  Har- 
bert,  and  there  it  was  carefully  watched 
through  its  young  and  tender  years.  As 
it  grew  the  members  realized  that  this 
charming  home  had  its  limitations  in 
space,  though  never  in  hospitality.  The 
mention  of  this  hospitality  brings  to  the 
minds   of   the    early    members    the   vivid 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


447 


memory  of  the  devotion  of  Arthur  Har- 
bert,  who  so  cordially  assisted  in  provid- 
ing for  the  comfort  and  entertainment  of 
his  mother's  friends.  With  the  greatest 
reluctance  to  leaving  the  environment 
around  which  so  many  associations  clus- 
tered, the  Club  gratefully  accepted  the 
generous  offer  of  the  Evanston  Boat 
Club,  in  December,  1894,  and  for  two 
seasons  occupied  its  attractive  assembly 
hall.  The  membership  at  this  time  was 
about  two  hundred. 

During  the  two  following  seasons  the 
Club  enjoyed  the  hospitality  of  the  Coun- 
try Club,  but  in  the  autumn  of  1898  the 
members  entered  upon  the  occupation  of 
a  suite  of  rooms  of  their  own  in  the 
new  Young  Men's  Christian  Association 
Building.  These  rooms,  furnished  com- 
pletely and  in  excellent  taste,  have  been 
the  Club  headquarters  for  five  years. 
With  the  truest  instinct  of  women  and 
the  best  spirit  of  a  club,  the  members 
look  forward  with  longings  and  hope  to 
the  vague  future,  which  may  hold  for 
them  a  home  of  their  own.  Surely,  with 
entire  possession  and  complete  control  of 
the  premises,  this  ideal  club  would  make 
an  ideal  home. 

The  first  and  only  "Field-Day"  of  the 
Club  was  celebrated  at  the  charming 
home  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Harbert,  at  Lake 
Geneva,  in  July,  1894.  Fifty  members 
made  up  the  happy  party,  and  they  will 
ever  cherish  the  memory  of  the  occasion 
with  keen  pleasure  and  a  consciousness 
of  fresh  inspiration. 

The  programs  of  the  twelve  years  of 
the  Club's  history  contain  many  names 
illustrious  in  art,  literature,  education, 
music,  philanthropy  and  science.  The 
very  best  to  be  obtained  in  professional 
and  practical  lines  has  been  brought  be- 
fore the  members,  both  in  the  depart- 
ments and  in  the  general  meetings. 


The  membership  numbers  over  three 
hundred  and  fifty,  and  includes  many 
prominent  women,  among  whom  are  the 
President  of  the  Illinois  Federation  of 
Clubs,  the  President  of  the  Illinois  Con- 
gress of  Mothers,  the  President  of  the  Il- 
linois Suffrage  Association,  the  Dean  of 
Woman's  Hall,  the  Musical  Director  of 
the  Northwestern  University,  and  Presi- 
dents of  several  smaller  clubs.  There 
are  a  lawyer,  a  doctor,  a  librarian,  teach- 
ers, wives  of  judges,  editors,  professors, 
clergymen,  and — honor  be  to  them — 
scores  of  women  who  are  devoted  to  that 
most  exalted  sphere  of  woman — the 
Home. 

Twenty  members  have  passed  beyond 
the  activities  of  this  life  to  the  higher 
life  Beyond.  Their  memories  are  a  bene- 
diction to  those  who  knew  them  here. 

"There  is  no  death 
To  the  living  soul,  nor  loss,  nor  harm." 

In  1898  a  Club  pledge,  color  and  pin 
were  adopted.  The  pin  is  in  form  of  a 
shield,  with  emblems  of  heart,  distaff 
and  torch,  above  a  scroll  bearing  the 
words,  "Unity,  Charity,  Liberty."  The 
colors  are  green  and  gold.  The  Pledge 
voices  unfailing  loyalty  and  active  de- 
votion to  the  Club  and  its  interests. 

There  is  no  better  way  to  epitomize 
the  cause  of  the  existence  and  the  course 
of  the  vitality  of  the  Evanston  Woman's 
Club  than  to  quote,  in  closing,  its  own 
words,  taken  from  its  Constitution : 

"The  objects  are  mutual  helpfulness  in 
all  affairs  of  life,  and  united  efforts  to- 
ward the  higher  development  of  human- 
ity." 

Surely  there  could  be  no  higher  stand- 
ard than  that  expressed  in  its  motto : 

"In  essentials,  unity; 
"In  non-essentials,  liberty : 
"In  all  things,  charitv." 


CHAPTER  XLIV. 


THE  EVANSTON  CLUB 

(By  N.  C.  GRIDLEY) 


Promoters  and  Organisers  of  "The  Green- 
ivood  Club"  —  First  Members  and  Offi- 
cers —  Name  Changed  to  "The  Evans- 
ton  Club"  —  Club  Building  Erected  — 
First  Reception  —  Changes  in  By-Lazvs 
and  Membership  —  Value  of  Club  Prop- 
erty —  List  of  Officers. 

On  the  24th  day  of  November,  1888, 
at  the  request  of  Marshall  M.  Kirkman, 
the  following-named  citizens  of  Evans- 
ton  met  in  the  Committee  Room  of  the 
Hotel  Richelieu,  in  the  city  of  Chicago, 
for  the  purpose  of  organizing  a  Club  in 
Evanston,  namely:  Curtis  H.  Remy, 
Daniel  H.  Burnham,  Marshall  M.  Kirk- 
man, Nelson  C.  Gridley,  Francis  A. 
Hardy,  James  K.  Armsby,  Frederick  W. 
Clarke,  Milton  W.  Kirk,  Edward  P.  Wil- 
son, David  B.  Dewey,  John  B.  Kirk,  Wil- 
liam E.  Stockton,  Josiah  J.  Parkhurst, 
George  E.  Gooch  and  Frank  M.  Elliot. 

Mr.  Kirkman  stated  the  object  of  the 
meeting,  and,  on  his  motion,  Mr.  C.  H. 
Remy  was  elected  Chairman ;  and,  on 
motion  of  Mr.  D.  B.  Dewey,  Mr.  C.  G. 
Phillips  was  elected  Secretary.  There- 
upon it  was— 

"Resolved,  That  measures  be  at  once 
taken  to  incorporate  the  Club  under  the 
laws  of  the  State  of  Illinois,"  and  on  the 
26th  of  November,  1888,  a  certificate  of 
incorporation  of  "The  Greenwood  Club" 


was  duly  issued  by  the  Secretary  of  State 
of  Illinois. 

Subsequently,  at  a  meeting  held  in  the 
Grand  Pacific  Hotel,  Chicago,  November 
28,  1888,  the  following-named  gentlemen 
were  duly  elected  as  the  ofificers  and  Di- 
rectors of  "The  Greenwood  Club :" 
President,  Marshall  M.  Kirkman;  First 
Vice-President,  Daniel  H.  Burnham  ;  Sec- 
ond Vice-President,  Milton  W.  Kirk; 
Treasurer,  David  B.  Dewey;  Directors — 
Hugh  R.  Wilson,  Charles  W.  Deering, 
Nelson  C.  Gridley,  Curtis  H.  Remy,  Wil- 
liam E.  Stockton,  James  K.  Armsby  and 
Charles   F.  Dwight. 

Thereupon  the  ofificers  and  Directors 
adopted  By-Laws  and  House  Rules  for 
the  government  of  the  Club,  and  elected 
Frank  M.  Elliot  as  Secretary. 

The  By-Laws  provided  that  "The  ob- 
ject for  which  this  Club  is  formed  is  the 
promotion  of  social,  athletic  and  aesthetic 
culture;  its  immediate  purpose  the  recre- 
ation and  amusement  of  its  members  and 
their  families;  that  the  membership 
should  be  limited  to  one  hundred  mem- 
bers of  the  age  of  twenty-one  years;  that 
the  initiation  fee  shall  be  $300  and  the 
annual  dues  $50;  that  junior  members, 
between  the  ages  of  sixteen  and  twenty- 
one  years,  and  the  sons  of  or  related  to 
members,  may  be  admitted  to  all  the 
privileges  of  the  Club  except  voting ;  that 


449 


45° 


THE  EVANSTON  CLUB 


the  ladies  of  every  member's  family,  and  the 
males  between  the  age  of  sixteen  and 
twenty-one  years,  shall  be  entitled  to  the 
privileges  of  the  club;  and  that  no 
liquors  shall  be  allowed  in  the  Club 
House  or  upon  the  premises,  nor  any 
gambling  or  betting — the  purposes  of 
the  Club  being  to  afford  its  members  and 
their  families  a  place  where  they  may  go 
to  seek  the  recreation  and  amusement 
that  are  commonly  to  be  found  at  clubs." 
The  following  named  gentlemen,  resi- 
dents of  Evanston,  were  duly  elected 
members  of  the  club,  each  of  whom  paid 
the  initiation  fee  of  $300,  and  to  each  of 
whom  was  subsequently  issued  a  certifi- 
cate of  membership : 


James  K.  Armsby 
Daniel  H.  Burnham 
Hugh   R.    Wilson 
Curtis   H.   Remy 
George  E.  Gooch 
Milton  W.  Kirk 
Francis  A.  Hardy 
Arthur  Orr 
William   Holabird 
William  D.  Hitchcock 
Frederic  T.  Peabody 
Nelson  C.  Gridley 
Josiah  J.  Parkhurst 
Augustus  A.  Buell 
Aaron  N.  Young 
James  H.  Deering 
Marshall  M.  Kirkman 
William   Blanchard 
Simeon    Farwell 
Nelson  De  Golyer 
George  A.   Foster 
William  B.  PhilHps 
George  M.  Sargent 
Henry  R.  Pearsons  ^ 
William  T.  Rickards 
Edward  H.  Webster 


William  E.   Stockton 
Frederick  W.  Clarke 
Charles  W.  Deering 
David  B.  Dewey 
Charles    F.    Dwight 
Edward  P.  Wilson 
Morris  R.  Eddy 
John  B.   Kirk 
Nicholas  G.   Iglehart 
Arthur   S.    Kirk 
Thomas  A.   Balding 
Henry  M.  Kidder 
Richard   L.   Dakin 
Frank    M.    Elliot 
Hugh  A.  White 
William  D.  Porter 
Charles    G.    Fuller 
Volney  W.   Foster 
Harry    S.    Farwell 
Charles  P.   Mitchell 
David  S.  Cook 
Harold   Smith 
Martin  M.  Gridley 
Birney   J.    Moore 
H.  H.  C.  Miller 
Richard  W.  Lynch 


At  the  meeting  of  November  28,  i 


a  committee,  consisting  of  Messrs.  Dew- 
ey, Burnham  and  M.  W.  Kirk,  were  ap- 
pointed to  investigate  as  to  the  most  de- 
sirable location  for  the  Club,  which  com- 
mittee, on  the  17th  day  of  December, 
1888,  reported  the  selection  of  the  "Lud- 
1am"  lots  (on  which  the  Club  House  now 
stands)  situated  on  the  northwest  corner 
of  Chicago  Avenue  and  Grove  Street,  132 
by  210  feet,  and  which  could  be  purchased 
at  $11,000;  and  thereupon  the  Executive 
Committee  were  authorized  to  make  the 
purchase  of  said  lots.  The  money  for  the 
purchase  of  said  lots  was  obtained  by  the 
issue  of  the  bonds  of  the  club,  of  $500 
each,  secured  by  mortgage,  all  of  which 
bonds  were  purchased  by  members  of  the 
club.  There  was  situated  upon  said  lots 
a  frame  dwelling  house,  which  had  been 
occupied  by  Mrs.  Ludlam  and  family  for 
many  years,  and  which  was  removed  by 
her  as  a  condition  of  the  purchase  of  said 
lots. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  members  of  "The 
Greenwood  Club,"  held  at  the  Avenue 
House,  Evanston,  January  14,  1889,  it  was 
unanimously 

"Resolved,  That  the  name  of  this  cor- 
poration, 'The  Greenwood  Club,'  be,  and 
the  same  is  hereby  changed  to  'The  Ev- 
anston  Club." 

And,  thereupon  due  proceedings  were 
taken  for  the  change  of  same  in  compli- 
ance with  the  laws  of  the  State  of  Illinois. 

On  the  15th  of  March,  1889,  the  Board 
of  Directors  adopted  plans  and  specifica- 
tions for  the  building  of  a  Club  House, 
which  had  been  prepared  by  Holabird  & 
Roche,  architects,  under  the  supervision 
of  a  committee  consisting  of  F.  \\\  Clarke, 
D.  H.  Burnham  and  William  Holabird, 
and  thereupon  a  building  committee,  con- 
sisting of  D.  H.  Burnham,  D.  B.  Dewey 
and   N.   C.   Gridley  was   duly   appointed, 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


451 


and  instructed  to  proceed  with  the  erec- 
tion of  a  Chib  House. 

"The  Evanston  Club"  Chib  House  was 
practically  completed,  and  a  meeting  of 
the  Board  of  Directors  was  first  held  in 
the  Club  House  on  September  24,  1889. 

In  consequence  of  the  cost  of  the  build- 
ing and  its  appurtenances  exceeding  the 
estimates  therefor,  it  became  necessary  to 
raise  funds  for  the  furnishing  of  the  Club 
House,  whereupon  twenty-three  members 
of  the  Club  voluntarily  subscribed  $ioo 
each,  for  that  purpose,  which  money  was 
subsequently  repaid  by  the  Club. 

A  committee  consisting  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Charles  F.  Dwight,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  William 
Holabird,  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frederick  W. 
Clarke,  was  appointed  to  select  and  pur- 
chase furniture  and  fixtures  for  the  Club 
House.  The  opening  party  of  the  Club 
was  given  on  the  evening  of  Tuesday,  Oc- 
tober I.  1889.  The  guests,  consisting  of 
members  and  their  wives,  sons  and  daugh- 
ters of  members  over  the  age  of  sixteen, 
and  invited  guests,  in  all  about  600,  were 
received  by  a  Reception  Committee  con- 
sisting of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Marshall  M.  Kirk- 
man,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Daniel  H.  Burnham, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Milton  W.  Kirk,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Frank  M.  Elliot,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Hugh  R.  Wilson,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Charles 
Deering,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  K.  Armsby 
and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Charles  F.  Dwight. 

On  August  28,  1890,  the  By-Laws  were 
so  amended  that  "The  membership  of 
this  Club  shall  be  limited  to  one  hundred 
and  sixty  (160),  and  shall  consist  of  sixty 
(60)  charter  members,  or  those  having 
paid  $300  membership  fee  and  holding 
certificates  of  membership,  and  one  hun- 
dred (100)  Associate  Members  without 
any  ownership  in  the  property  of  the 
Club."  Subsequently,  on  November  2, 
1891,  the  By-Laws  were  again  amended 
so  as  to  increase  the  membership  to  200, 


to  consist  of  sixty  (60)  charter  and  one 
hundred  and  forty  (140)  Associate  Mem- 
bers. 

In  July,  1896,  the  distinctions  thereto- 
fore existing  in  the  membership  of  the 
Club  were  abolished,  and  all  members 
were  granted  equal  rights  in  the  govern- 
ment and  property  of  the  Club.  This  was 
accomplished  by  the  charter  members 
surrendering  their  certificates  of  member- 
ship and  releasing  all  interest  in  the  proper- 
ty of  the  Club,  in  consideration  of  new  cer- 
tificates of  membership  providing  that  the 
dues  of  each  holder  of  a  certificate  shall 
not  exceed  $25  per  annum. 

During  the  fall  and  winter  months  in 
each  year  from  the  opening  party  in  Oc- 
tober, 1889,  to  and  including  1894-5  —  the 
Club  took  the  lead  in  the  social  amuse- 
ments of  Evanston  in  providing  for  its 
members,  their  wives  and  children,  con- 
certs, vocal  and  instrumental ;  musicales 
and  theatricals  by  members;  sociables, 
with  music,  dancing  and  cards;  children's 
entertainments,  card  parties,  dancing 
parties,  lectures,  readings,  song  and  vio- 
lin recitals,  and,  in  many  of  the  entertain- 
ments, the  Club  hired  artists  of  national 
and  international  reputation. 

In  consequence  of  the  organization  of 
other  social  clubs  in  Evanston,  as  "The 
Country  Club"  and  "The  Boat  Club,"  the 
general  features  of  social  entertainment 
by  "the  Evanston  Club"  were  curtailed, 
and  have  been  limited,  since  the  fall  and 
winter  of  1895-6,  to  bowling,  billiards  and 
cards,  with  bi-monthly  card  parties  or 
"Ladies'  Nights,"  for  the  special  enter- 
tainments of  the  wives  and  daughters  of 
members  of  the  Club. 

The  property  of  "The  Evanston  Club," 
consisting  of  real  estate  and  the  Club 
House  with  its  furnishings  and  fixtures, 
is  of  the  value  of  about  $50,000,  with  a 


452 


THE  EVANSTON  CLUB 


bonded  indebtedness  of  only  $12,000,  and      Treasurer,  on  January   i,   1902,  of  about 
having    a    balance    in    the    hands    of    the      $1,000. 

OFFICERS   AND   DIRECTORS   OF  THE    EVANSTON   CLUB  FROM   ITS    INCEPTION 


Year 

President  and 
Director 

First 
Vice-President 
and  Di  i-ector 

Second 

Vice-President 

and  Director 

Secretary 

Treasurer  and 
Director 

Director 

1S88 

M.  M.  Kirkman 

D.  H.  Burnliam 

M.  W.  Kirk 

F.  M.  Elliot 

D.  B.  Dewey 

C.  W.  Deering 

1889 

M.  M.  Kirkman 

D.  H.  Burnham 

M.  W.  Kirk 

F.  M.  Elliot 

D.  B.  Dewey 

C.  W.  Deering 

1890 

M.  M.  Kirkman 

D.  H.  Burnham 

M.  W.  Kirk 

F.  M.  Elliot 

D.  B.  Deney 

C.  W.  Deering 

1891 

IVI.  M.  Kirkman 

M.  W.  Kirk 

N.  C.  Gridley 

F.  M.  Elliot 

W.  T.  Rickards 

F.  A.  Hardy 

1892 

M.  M.  Kirkman 

M.  W.  Kirk 

N.  C.  Gridley 

F,  M.  Elliot 

W.  J.  Fabian 

F.  A.  Hardy 

1893 

M.  M.  Kirkman 

W.  H.  Bartlett 

J.  B.  Kirk 

F.  M.  Elliot 

W.  J.  Fabian 

F.  A.  Hardy 

1894 

M.  M.  Kirkman 

W.  H.  Bartlelt 

J.  B.  Kirk 

N.  G.  Iglehart 

W.  J.  Fabian 

F.  A.  Hardy 

1895 

M.  M.  Kirkman 

W.  H.  Bartlett 

N.  C.  Gridley 

G.  M.  Sargent 

G.  R.  Jenkins 

F.  A.  Hardy 

1896 

M.  M.  Kirkman 

N.  C.  Gridley 

W.  Holabiid 

W.  T.  Rickards 

G.  R.  Jenkins 

F.  A.  Hardy 

1896 

N.  0.  Gridley 

W.  Holabird 

F.  A.  Hardy 

W.  T.  Rickards 

G.  R.  Jenkins 

M.  M.  Kirkman 

1897 

N.  C.  Gridley 

W.  Holabird 

F.  A.  Hardy 

W.  T.  Rickards 

G.  H.Jenkins 

M.  M.  Kirkman 

1898 

N.  C.  Gridley 

W.  Holabird 

F.  A.  Hardy 

W.  T.  Rickards 

G.  R.  Jenkins 

M.  M.  Kirkman 

1899 

N.  C.  Gridley 

W.  Holabird 

F.  A.  Hardy 

W.  T.  Rickards 

G.  R.Jenkins 

C.  H.  M'Farland 

19(X) 

A.  N.  Young 

a.  K.  Jenkins 

W.  T.  Rickards 

A.  Millard 

C.  H.  Harbert 

C.  H.  M-Farland 

1901 

G.  R.  Jenkins 

B.  F.  Adams 

G.  S.  Marsh 

N.  G.  Iglehart 

N.  G.  Iglehart 

C.  H.  M'Farland 

Year 

Director 

Director 

Director 

Director 

Director 

Director 

1888 

J.  K.  Armsby 

H.  R.  Wilson 

W.  E.  Stockton 

N.  C.  Gridley 

C.  F.  Dwight 

C.  H.  Remy 

1889 

J.  K.  Armsby 

H.  R.  Wilson 

W.  E.  Stockton 

N.  C.  Gridley 

C.  F.  Dwight 

C.  H.  Remy 

1890 

J.  K.  Armsby 

H.  R.  Wilson 

W.  E.  Stockton 

N.  C.  Gridley 

C.  F.  Dwight 

C.  H.  Remy 

1891 

N,  G.  Iglehart 

H.  K.  Wilson 

W.  E.  Stockton 

W.  Holabird 

A.  C.  Buell 

A.  N.  Young 

1892 

N.  G.  Iglehart 

H.  R.  Wilson 

W.  H.  Bartlett 

W.  Holabird 

A.  C.  Buell 

W.  D.  Hitchcock 

1893 

N.  G.  Iglehart 

N.  C.  Gridley 

H.  A.  Pearsons 

W.  Holabird 

A.  C.  Buell 

W.  D.  Hitchcock 

1K94 

N.  G.  Iglehart 

N.  0.  Gridley 

H.  A.  Pearsons 

W.  Holabird 

D.  A.  Mudge 

0.  H.  Remy 

1895 

N.  G.  Iglehart 

W.  J.  Fabian 

C.  J.  Connell 

W.  Holabird 

G.  M.  Sargent 

C.  H.  Remy 

1896 

N.  G.  Iglehart 

W.  J.  Fabian 

C.  J.  Connell 

W.  H,  Bartlett 

a.  M.  Sargent 

C.  H.  Remy 

1896 

N.  G.  Iglehart 

W.  J.  Fabian 

C.  J.  Connell 

W.  H.  Bartlett 

G. M.  Sargent 

C.  H.  Remy 

1897 

N.  G.  Iglehart 

K.  S.  Lacey 

C.  T.  Boynton 

W.  H.  Bartlett 

G. M.  Sargent 

H.  S.  Stevens 

1898 

N.  G.  Iglehart 

E.  S.  Lacey 

C.  T.  Boynton 

W.  H.  Bartlett 

G.  M.  Sargent 

H.  S.  Stevens 

1899 

N.  Q.  Iglehart 

K.  S.  Lacey 

R.  C.  Lake 

D.  A.  Kimball 

W.  T.  Rickards 

H.  S.  Stevens 

1900 

N.  G.  Iglehart 

F.  W.  Gerould 

J.  A.  Patten 

D.  A.  Kimball 

N.  C.  Gridley 

H.  S.  Stevens 

1901 

A.  N.  Young 

F.  W.  Gerould 

J.  A.  Lawrence 

D.  A.  Kimball 

N.  C.  Gridley 

H.  S.  Stevens 

CHAPTBR  XLV. 


EVANSTON  COUNTRY  CLUB 


First  Steps  and  Motives  Proinpting  Organ- 
isation —  Names  of  Projectors  —  Or- 
ganization Effected  in  May,  iSS8  —  The 
Nezv  Club  Finds  a  Home  —  Memories 
of  the  "Old  Shelter"  and  Its  First  Occu- 
pants —  The  Club  Formally  Incorpo- 
rated—  First  Board  of  Directors  —  Club 
Abandons  the  "Old  Shelter"  —  Neiv 
Quarters  Dedicated  in  October,  igo2  — 
Nciv  Years  Receptions  and  Children's 
Day  Chief  Functions  —  Lady  Directors 
—  Promotion  of  Branch  Associations  — 
Dramatic,  Cycling,  Musical,  Equestrian 
and  Polo  Associations  —  Banjo  and 
Mandolin  Association  —  Former  and 
Present  Officers  —  Present  Membership 
800  —  List  of  Life  Members. 

To  the  minds  of  the  older  individual 
members  of  Evanston's  representative  so- 
ciety, that  class  which  typifies  the  best 
achievement  and  highest  aspiration  of  the 
city's  social  life,  any  reference  to  the 
"Country  Club"  has  been  suggestive,  in 
other  days,  of  a  larger  volume  of  pleasur- 
able thoughts,  remembrances  and  antici- 
pations than  were  called  forth  by  the  men- 
tion of  any  other  feature  of  that  com- 
munity. This  responsive  sentiment, 
moreover,  was  not  confined  to  those  who 
made  their  home  in  the  beautiful  city  with 
which  the  Country  Club  is  identified,  but 
extended  to  urban  residents  of  the  vicin- 


age, where  dwelt  congenial  souls,  who,  as 
guests,  were  wont  to  partake  of  the  enjoy- 
ment signalizing  memorable  gatherings 
within  the  hospitable  portals  of  the  Club's 
"Home."  And  thus,  although  its  exist- 
ence is  measured  by  less  than  a  score  of 
years,  its  name  long  since  became  a  syn- 
onym in  Evanston  for  all  that  is  worthiest 
and  best  in  an  association  of  kindred  spir- 
its, with  the  common  purpose  of  fostering 
inspiriting  diversions  and  wholesome 
sports,  commingled  with  exercises  of  the 
mental  faculties,  and  uplifting  endeavors 
in  the  domain  of  music  and  art.  The  first 
conception  of  the  projectors  of  the  club 
was,  doubtless,  little  else  than  as  a  medi- 
um for  indulgence,  on  a  more  compre- 
hensive scale,  in  the  popular  sports  of  the 
day,  such  as  basket  ball,  tennis,  billiards, 
pool,  and  other  games  devoid  of  strenu- 
ous exertion,  and  as  an  opportunity  for 
unconventional  gatherings,  in  a  "home" 
common  to  the  membership,  of  those  who 
sought  to  cultivate  a  wider  and  better  ac- 
quaintance than  occasional  neighborhood 
visiting  afforded.  Almost  in  its  infancy, 
however,  the  organization  began  to  develop 
into  a  broader  scope,  and  continued  enlarg- 
ing its  sphere  of  activities  until  it  became 
the  most  conspicuous  feature  in  Evanston's 
social  life. 

Previous  to  the  inception  of  "The  Coun- 
try Club,"  many  well-known  gentlemen  of 


453 


454 


EVANSTON  COUNTRY  CLUB 


Evanston,  largely  of  the  younger  element, 
were  wont  to  indulge  their  social  inclina- 
tions for  fellowship,  by  fraternizing  in 
coteries  of  limited  membership,  under  va- 
rious designations  and  for  various  speci- 
fied purposes.  This  manner  of  dividing 
into  small  groups  led  to  a  habit  of  invid- 
ious criticism,  and  the  members  of  one  set 
\vere  not  infrequently  the  objects  of  de- 
preciatory allusions  by  those  of  another, 
the  basis  of  organization  being  narrow  and 
the  methods  arbitrary.  In  none  of  these 
was  the  gentler  sex  eligible  to  member- 
ship, and  public  social  functions  of  a  com- 
prehensive nature  were  unknown.  In 
1880  but  two  clubs  of  any  pretentions 
were  known  in  Evanston,  viz.:  the  "Ev- 
anston Social  Club,"  which  was  shortly 
afterwards  disrupted,  and  the  "Evanston 
Boat  Club,"  devoted  to  a  single  purpose, 
and  having  an  enrollment  of  two  score  of 
the  stylish  young  men  of  the  town.  Some- 
what later,  another  organization  of  young 
men  was  formed  under  the  title  of  the 
"Idlewild  Club,"  for  the  promotion  of  ath- 
letic sports,  chiefly  indoor  ball  and  tennis. 
The  Idlewild  Club  was  subsequently 
merged  with  the  Evanston  Boat  Club. 
The  "Evanston  Club,"  of  present  high  re- 
pute, had  not  then  been  ushered  into  ex- 
istence. 

The  ladies  of  Evanston,  to  a  certain  ex- 
tent, were  associated  in  those  days  in 
small,  companionable  bodies  of  their  own 
sex,  each  comprising  from  a  dozen  to  a 
score  of  members,  designated  by  odd  and 
enigmatic  titles  in  the  form  of  initial  let- 
ters, such  as  the  M.  As ;  the  N.  Gs ;  the 
X.  Ys ;  and  the  J.  Js.  These  feminine 
groups  were  quite  out  of  social  touch  with 
each  other,  making  no  effort  towards  har- 
monious relations,  and,  as  between  clubs 
of  the  sterner  sex,  unseemly  rivalry  en- 
gendered petty  jealousies  and  harsh  as- 
persions, at  times  approaching  animosity. 


Under  the  conditions  which  then  pre- 
vailed in  Evanston  society,  it  was  thus 
reserved  for  a  new  blending  of  social  fac- 
tors, the  necessity  for  which  had  long 
been  tacitly  recognized  in  various  quar- 
ters, to  mold  into  cordial  harmony,  upon 
a  broad  and  enduring  basis,  all  kindred 
spirits  of  both  sexes,  composing  that  ele- 
ment which  was  conceded  to  be  truly  rep- 
resentative of  the  better  and  more  highly 
aspiring  social  life  of  the  city,  in  which 
all  felt  a  fond  pride. 

The  project  of  the  Country  Club  of  Ev- 
anston was  first  made  a  subject  of  discus- 
sion at  a  select  social  gathering  at  the 
residence  of  Frederick  W.  Clarke,  on  Hin- 
man  Avenue,  in  April,  1888.  The  sugges- 
tion of  such  an  idea  touched  a  common 
chord  of  responsive  sentiment  in  all  the 
guests,  prominent  among  whom  were  A. 
T.  Cutler,  George  T.  Judd,  Frederick 
Arnd,  George  Lunt,  E.  A.  Chapman  and 
William  L.  Brown.  One  of  the  ladies 
present  was  Mrs.  Thomas  S.  Creighton 
(then  Virginia  Hamline),  who  was  em- 
phatic in  urging  an  immediate  movement 
toward  organization.  The  gentlemen  pres- 
ent withdrew  into  seclusion  for  a  brief 
conference  in  regard  to  the  practical  fea- 
tures of  the  scheme,  and  their  consulta- 
tion resulted  in  a  decision  to  induce,  if 
possible,  one  of  Evanston's  most  promi- 
nent and  popular  citizens  to  take  the  in- 
itiative in  formative  eflfort.  The  particular 
patron  on  whom  the  minds  of  all  in  at- 
tendance centered,  was  Marshall  M.  Kirk- 
man,  then,  as  now.  a  recognized  leader  in 
all  worthy  enterprises  in  Evanston.  To 
Misses  Hamline  and  Barlow,  in  conjunc- 
tion with  Thomas  S.  Creighton,  was  in- 
trusted the  mission  of  soliciting  Mr.  Kirk- 
man's  co-operation  as  the  principal  or- 
ganizer of  the  new  club.  This  committee 
and  its  proposition  met  with  a  cordial 
reception  from  that  gentleman,  who  be- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


455 


came  a  ready  sponsor  of  the  movement, 
and  at  his  residence,  on  the  evening  of  May 
14,  1888,  two  committees  were  appointed, 
one  to  formulate  a  constitution,  and  the 
other  to  nominate  officers,  for  the  forth- 
coming organization.  Their  duties  were 
accomplished  on  the  spot.  The  nucleus 
of  the  present  elaborate  constitution  was 
submitted  to  the  assemblage  and  prompt- 
ly ratified,  and  the  officials  designated  by 
the  committee  on  nominations  were  con- 
firmed by  vote,  as  follows :  President, 
Marshall  M.  Kirkman ;  First  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Frederick  W.  Clarke ;  Second  Vice- 
President,  Milton  W.  Kirk ;  Treasurer 
and  Recording  Secretary,  Thomas  S. 
Creighton ;  and  Corresponding  Secretary, 
Catherine  Aishton.  The  original  enroll- 
ment included  a  membership  of  150,  com- 
posed of  persons  representing  the  most 
reputable  element  in  Evanston  society, 
associated  for  the  purpose  of  promoting 
a  higher  degree  and  wider  range  of  socia- 
bility, and  encouraging  physical  exercise 
in  the  practice  of  athletic  games.  The 
aim  of  the  club  was,  as  declared  by  one 
of  its  projectors,  the  "making  of  life  in 
Evanston  even  more  pleasant  than  it  is  at 
present,"  and  in  the  by-laws  adopted  at 
the  outset,  the  object  was  formally  stated 
to  be  "the  promotion  of  social,  athletic 
and  esthetic  culture,  and  its  immediate 
purpose,  the  recreation  and  amusement  of 
its  members." 

Formative  details  having  been  disposed 
of,  the  next  step  in  the  progress  of  the 
Country  Club  was,  naturally,  the  estab- 
lishment of  suitable  quarters  for  its  oc- 
cupancy. Its  first  "home"  was  built  on 
Hinman  Avenue,  within  an  environment 
of  most  pleasant  grounds.  It  was  known 
by  the  quaint  name  of  "The  Old  Shelter," 
and  although  of  limited  dimensions  and 
*  unpretentious  aspect,  well  served  its  pur- 
pose during  the  inceptive   period  of  the 


club's  existence.  A  snug  retreat,  of  rus- 
tic design  with  a  generous  fireplace  and 
cozy  veranda,  it  was  uniquely  decorated 
within  and  without,  and,  altogether,  was 
keenly  suggestive  of  ease  and  comfort. 
Delightful  indeed  are  the  recollections 
that  cluster  about  "The  Old  Shelter."  and 
the  thoughts  of  early  members  of  the 
club  who  frequented  it  often  revert  to  its 
homelike  attractiveness,  with  feelings  of 
pleasure  not  unmingled  with  a  tinge  of 
sadness.  Many  of  them,  then  in  the  fer- 
vid flush  of  youth,  but  now  staid  matrons 
or  sedate  sires,  both  smile  and  sigh  as 
they  recall  the  gayeties  of  old-time  sum- 
mer gatherings  there,  under  moonlit  foli- 
age, or  the  mirthful  hours  of  cider  sym- 
posiums on  long  winter  evenings.  Of  the 
familiar  faces  of  yore  that  reflected  cheer 
on  the  festivities  of  "The  Old  Shelter," 
not  all  remain.  Some  of  them  are  now 
known  in  connection  with  new  scenes  of 
activity,  while  the  earthly  abodes  of  oth- 
ers will  miss  them  evermore.  The  mem- 
ory of  the  early  members  who  have  van- 
ished from  this  world's  habitations,  not- 
ably, George  T.  Judd,  George  Lunt  and 
E.  A.  Chapman,  is  sacredly  cherished  by 
their  surviving  contemporaries  among  the 
founders  of  the  club. 

At  a  business  meeting  of  the  members 
held  March  22,  1889,  a  committee  was  ap- 
pointed to  secure  the  incorporation  of 
The  Country  Club  under  the  laws  of  Il- 
linois, and  a  petition  for  that  purpose  was 
drafted  and  forwarded  to  the  State  capi- 
tal, to  which  twenty-eight  names  were  ap- 
pended. The  gentlemen  having  charge 
of  this  matter  were  Martin  M.  Gridley, 
Harry  P.  Pearsons,  J.  Stanley  Grepe, 
Thomas  S.  Creighton,  Edwin  F.  Brown. 
Arthur  Orr,  Nicholas  G.  Iglehart,  George 
Lunt,  Harry  S.  Farwell  and  Freder- 
ick W.  Clarke.  A  charter  was  issued, 
and  the  club  was  thus  ushered  into  exist- 


456 


EVANSTON  COUNTRY  CLUB 


ence  with  the  sanction  of  law.  The  first 
Board  of  Directors  under  the  act  of  in- 
corporation was  composed  of  William 
Holabird,  William  L.  Brown,  John  H. 
Kedzie,  Jr.,  Charles  H.  Matthews  and 
John  W.  Scott.  Applications  for  mem- 
bership were  numerous  from  this  period, 
and  the  strength  of  the  organization  rap- 
idly increased.  At  the  outset  its  influence 
was  chiefly  manifest  in  widening  the  circle 
of  pleasant  acquaintance  of  worthy  men 
and  women,  who  had  hitherto  been  kept 
apart  by  barriers  of  formality.  While 
the  rules  regulating  admission  were  care- 
fully administered,  arbitrary  restrictions 
were  ignored,  and  the  stiffness  of  mere 
conventionalism,  in  the  better  element  of 
Evanston  society,  was  soon  materially 
relaxed  under  the  genial  sentiment  domi- 
nating the  club.  The  principal  entertain- 
ment features  under  its  auspices  were  in 
the  form  of  select  dancing  parties,  and 
the  popular  sports  on  its  program  were 
those  then  mostly  in  vogue — tennis  and 
indoor  ball. 

Early  in  its  fifth  year,  the  numerical 
strength  of  the  organization  had  grown 
to  such  a  degree,  and  the  social  and  ath- 
letic activities  projected  had  so  far  ex- 
ceeded the  original  plans,  as  to  disclose 
the  need  of  more  ample  accommodations 
as  to  space  and  convenience  of  arrange- 
ment, than  "The  Old  Shelter"  afforded. 
Measures  were  thereupon  taken  to  pro- 
vide new  quarters.  Plans  were  drawn  un- 
der the  supervision  of  the  management, 
and  the  task  of  construction  was  com- 
menced in  the  early  summer  of  1902.  In 
the  autumn  of  that  year  the  present  com- 
modious and  inviting  structure,  at  the  in- 
tersection of  Lake  Street  and  Oak  Ave- 
nue, was  completed.  On  the  evening 
of  October  18,  the  new  edifice  was  suit- 
ably dedicated.  The  cost  of  the  house  and 
grounds    was    about    $40,000,    which     in- 


volved an  issue  of  bonds  to  the  amount 
of  $33,500.  The  occupation  of  the  present 
"home"  signalized  the  inauguration  of  a 
more  attractive  series  of  social  festivities, 
and  a  course  of  highly-interesting  athletic 
competitions,  which  occasionally  involved 
the  participation  of  noted  clubs  from 
other  localities.  The  Country  Club  "ger- 
mans"  date  from  that  period,  as  does  also 
the  Lady  Directors'  custom  of  New 
Year's  Day  receptions,  which  have  since 
constituted  the  most  elaborate  and  en- 
joyable society  "affairs"  known  in  Evans- 
ton.  From  the  time  of  the  club's  incep- 
tion, one  day  has  been  set  apart  in  sum- 
mer, and  one  in  winter,  as  "Children's 
Day,"  devoted  to  childish  merry-making. 
On  these  occasions,  the  little  folk  monop- 
olize the  club  house  and  its  environs  for 
a  time  of  blithesome  frolic.  Music,  re- 
freshments and  youthful  sports  abound, 
and  the  periodical  recurrence  of  "Chil- 
dren's Day"  is  awaited  by  the  juvenile 
element  in  Evanston  with  eager  anticipa- 
tion. 

During  the  period  intervening  between 
1892  and  1895,  the  Country  Club  played 
the  part  of  host  in  many  entertainments 
on  an  elaborate  scale,  in  which  its  guests 
were  well-known  pleasure  clubs,  athleti'c 
organizations,  and  civic  and  military 
bodies.  Among  the  prominent  Lady  Di- 
rectors of  that  time  whose  conspicuous 
charms  and  accomplishments  lent  peculiar 
dignity  and  grace  to  these  brilliant  func- 
tions, were  Mrs.  Thomas  S.  Creighton, 
Mrs.  Frederick  Arnd,  Mrs.  George  R. 
Jenkins,  Mrs.  Charles  G.  Fuller,  Mrs.  David 
A.  Mudge,  Mrs.  William  A.  Hammond, 
Mrs.  John  B.  Kirk,  Mrs.  Christopher  L. 
Williams,  Mrs.  Milton  W.  Kirk.  Mrs. 
Andrew  Hazelhurst,  Mrs.  Frank  M.  Elli- 
ot, Miss  Cornelia  G.  Lunt,  Mrs.  William 
J.  Fabian.  Mrs.  Milton  M.  Kirkman,  Mrs. 
Benjamin    F.   Adams,     Mrs.    Nicholas    G. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


457 


Igleliart,  Mrs.  Edwin  F.  Brown.  Mrs. 
Stewart  Clark,  Mrs.  A.  C.  Buell,  Mrs. 
Harry  P.  Pearsons,  Mrs.  Charles  J.  Con- 
nell,  Mrs.  George  Lunt,  Mrs.  Curtis  H. 
Remy,  Mrs.  Henry  R.  Post,  Mrs.  William 
Holabird,  Mrs.  William  H.  Harper.  Mrs. 
Daniel  H.  Burnham,  Mrs.  B.  J.  Moore, 
Mrs.  Francis  A.  Hardy,  and  Mrs.  Herman 
D.  Cable. 

About  the  year  1890,  was  put  into  prac- 
tical operation  the  policy  of  promoting 
branch  associations  for  the  purpose  of 
fostering  the  talent  and  skill  of  the  club's 
membership  in  particular  lines  of  accom- 
plishment. Between  that  year  and  1895, 
seven  flourishing  subordinate  branches 
were  formed  under  the  fostering  care  of 
the  parent  body,  and  whatever  were  the 
predilections  of  individual  members  as  to 
esthetic  culture,  or  their  aptitude  in  the 
line  of' popular  sports,  each  found  in  one 
of  these  dififerent  associations  a  satisfac- 
tory medium  for  the  gratification  of  a  pe- 
culiar taste,  or  the  cultivation  of  a  special 
talent.  This  policy  of  the  club  proved 
signally  successful,  and  has  done  more  to 
bring  into  prominent  notice  and  stimulate 
to  a  high  degree  of  development,  the  home 
talent  of  Evanston  in  musical  and  histrionic 
rendition,  than  all  other  local  agencies 
combined.  As  early  as  1895  the  concerts 
given  and  the  operas  and  dramas  rendered 
bv  the  members,  and  under  the  auspices 
of  The  Country  Club,  were  hardly  inferior 
to  professional  presentations,  and  the  new 
club  house  had  become  the  musical  and  ar- 
tistic center  of  Evanston. 

In  the  winter  of  1893-94  was  formed 
the  Dramatic  Association  of  the  club. 
Prominent  among  the  organizers  were 
Louis  F.  Brown,  William  J.  Fabian,  Arch- 
er Gififord,  Henry  Raeder  and  William  L. 
Wells.  In  addition  to  these  gentlemen, 
and  the  wives  of  the  last  four,  the  follow- 
ing were  original  members  of  the  associa- 


tion, namely:  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frederick 
Arnd,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  H.  Harper, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Harry  Cobb  Kennedy,  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  William  A.  Hammond,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Charles  P.  Spining,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Harley  C.  Winchell,  Messrs.  Gardner 
Read,  Charles  H.  Dalgleish,  Edward  Hurd 
Smith,  Hugh  Talbot,  George  Stanford, 
Frederick  H.  Tackaberry,  Frank  M. 
Gould,  John  W.  Scott,  Ernest  H.  Eversz, 
Louis  A.  Ferguson,  Frank  M.  Savage, 
Hanson  McDowell,  William  C.  Evans, 
and  Misses  Bessie  Fletcher,  Lida  Scott, 
Anna  Ives  Hotchkiss,  A.  Louise  Redfield, 
Maria  Reynolds,  Flora  Gardner,  Louise 
Rice,  Sarah  Ward,  Mae  Talbot,  Mary  T. 
Wilson,  Virginia  Boteler,  Alice  Spaulding, 
Mae  Dingee,  Anna  Jane  Wilcox,  Lily  M. 
Parker,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Boynton  Harbert, 
Rosella  Ward,  Jessie  E.  Eversz,  Ruth  Far- 
well,  Catherine  Aishton  and  Louise  Hoge. 
The  officers  were  as  follows:  William  J. 
Fabian,  Manager;  Miss  Jean  McN.  Matte- 
son,  Secretary;  and  Mrs.  Charles  P.  Spin- 
ing, Miss  Mary  W.  Lord,  Archer  Gififord, 
Henry  Raeder  and  Harvey  Cobb  Ken- 
nedy, Directors.  The  new  "Shelter"  was 
remodeled  in  1895,  in  order  to  admit  of 
an  enlargement  of  the  stage  to  meet  the 
necessary  requirements  of  the  Dramatic 
Association,  and  after  this  was  made  suit- 
able, and  the  requisite  mechanical  ap- 
pointments were  provided.  the  plays 
thereupon  produced,  with  roles  filled  by 
association's  members,  were  presented  in 
a  manner  as  complete,  entertaining  and 
artistic  as  many  witnessed  in  the  theaters 
of  Chicago. 

The  Cycling  Association  of  the  Coun- 
try Club,  for  the  purpose  of  which  the 
smooth  and  shady  streets  of  Evanston  and 
its  environs  afforded  peculiar  facilities, 
was  formed  in  1894.  A  special  feature  in 
its  program  of  recreation  was  the  club 
rides  on  Saturday  afternoons,  when  the 


458 


EVANSTON  COUNTRY  CLUB 


members  sallied  forth  from  the  club 
house,  and  wended  their  way  to  some  ap- 
pointed destination  in  the  surrounding 
countr}'.  There  they  partook  of  refresh- 
ments and  whiled  away  the  waning  day 
with  pleasant  converse  in  scattered 
groups,  returning  homeward  in  the  dusk 
of  evening,  in  jovial  procession.  The 
tasteful  and  variegated  attire  of  the  lady 
cyclists  on  these  occasions  presented  a 
gay  spectacle,  the  animated  discourse  of 
all,  as  they  glided  along  in  the  twilight, 
giving  evidence  to  throngs  of  interested 
observers,  of  the  enjoyable  hours  they  had 
passed.  A  large  proportion  of  the  early 
members  of  the  club  were  enrolled  in  this 
association.  It  was  managed  by  a  Board 
of  Directors,  the  regular  excursions  being 
under  the  conduct  of  Dr.  Frank  Dakin  or 
Edwin  C.  Belknap.  The  association  also 
included  a  body  of  cyclists  composed  ex- 
clusively of  ladies  organized  for  daily 
rides,  under  the  guidance  of  Mrs.  Freder- 
ick Arnd  and  Miss  Bessie  Chapin. 

The  Country  Club  "Musical  Associa- 
tion" was  formed  in  1894,  its  nucleus  be- 
ing a  singing  society  previously  organized 
by  a  few  of  the  members.  Through  the 
efforts  of  President  Kirkman,  who  was 
ever  on  the  alert  to  devise  measures  for 
broadening  the  scope  and  enhancing  the 
usefulness  and  prestige  of  the  club,  this 
association  received  its  first  impetus.  Mr. 
Kirkman  was  aided  by  the  earnest  co-op- 
eration of  Walter  M.  Anthony,  who  had 
been  prominent  in  the  musical  circles  of 
Worcester,  Mass.,  before  establishing  his 
home  in  Evanston.  At  the  instance  of 
these  two  gentlemen,  a  meeting  of  all  the 
members  interested  in  the  project  was 
convened  on  February  20,  of  the  last  men- 
tioned year.  In  that  gathering  The  Coun- 
try Club  Musical  Association  was 
launched  into  being,  with  the  following 
board  of  Directors,  namely  :    Mrs.  George 


R.  Jenkins,  Miss  Cornelia  G.  Lunt,  Miss 
Annie  W.  Lord,  John  W.  Scott,  Prof.  A. 
F.  McCarrell,  Ernest  H.  Eversz,  and  Wal- 
ter M.  Anthony.  Mr.  Anthony  was  after- 
wards elected  President,  and  Mr.  Eversz, 
Secretary  and  Treasurer.  The  associa- 
tion was  subsequently  divided  into  two 
separate  bodies — a  woman's  musical  or- 
ganization, at  first  styled  the  "Friday 
Morning  Musical  Club,"  and  a  society  of 
male  vocalists,  called  the  Country  Club 
Maennerchor.  The  practice  of  the  latter 
was  under  the  direction  of  Prof.  McCar- 
rell, and  later,  under  that  of  Prof.  P.  C. 
Lutkin.  In  conjunction  with  Messrs.  Mc- 
Carrell and  Lutkin  as  founders  of  the 
Maennerchor,  were  William  Richards, 
Charles  Dickinson  and  John  R.  Lindgren. 
Mr.  Lindgren,  who  had  been  an  orchestra 
leader  in  Chicago,  suceeded  Mr.  Anthony 
as  its  President.  Associated  with  him  as 
officers  were  Charles  S.  Burch,  Vice-Pres- 
ident ;  Albert  D.  Shaw,  Secretary ;  Thom- 
as Beard,  Treasurer;  and  Robert  Holmes, 
Librarian.  The  Maennerchor,  whose  first 
efforts  were  limited  to  college  songs  and 
old-time  melodies,  gradually  attained  pro- 
ficiency in  a  higher  degree  of  musical  art, 
and  became  one  of  the  leading  organiza- 
tions of  its  kind  in  the  West. 

The  Woman's  Musical  Association  of 
The  Country  Club,  at  first  known  as  the 
"Fridav  Morning  Club,"  was  composed  of 
about  thirty  active  members,  and  consti- 
tuted the  Ladies'  Choir  of  The  Country 
Club.  Together  with  the  Maennerchor, 
it  formed  the  well-known  "Evanston  Mu- 
sic Club  of  that  period.  The  original 
officers  of  the  Woman's  Musical  Associ- 
ation were  as  follows:  Mrs.  William  Hol- 
abird.  President ;  Mrs.  Arthur  W.  Under- 
wood, Vice-President :  and  Mrs.  Marshall 
M.  Kirkman,  Mrs.  Daniel  A.  Mudge,  Mrs. 
William  L.  Vance,  Mrs.  Charles  P.  Spin- 
ing,  Mrs.  Charles  R.  Webster  and  Miss 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


459 


Helen  M.  Ide,  Directors.  The  member- 
ship represented  a  superior  order  of  mu- 
sical talent,  and  acquired,  by  reason  of  dili- 
gent practice,  an  excellent  artistic  culture. 
It  was  recognized  as  the  bright  esthetic 
feature  of  Evanston  society. 

A    large   number   of   members   of   The 
Country   Club   gathered    in   its   reception 
rooms  on  May  28,  1894,  and  perfected  the 
organization  of  the   Equestrian   Associa- 
tion, in  which  riders  of  both  sexes  were 
represented         Francis     A.      Hardy     was 
elected    Director,    with    William    C.    Hoag 
as   Secretary  and   Treasurer;   and   Francis 
O.  Frazier,  William  B.  Bogert  and  Ham- 
ilton E.  Grepe  were  chosen  as  a  board  of 
managers.     The  event  at  once  stimulated  a 
new    interest    in    horsemanship  throughout 
the    town.      Many    superb    riding    horses 
were  purchased  and  brought  to  Evanston 
from  Kentucky  and  Missouri,  States  noted 
for  their  fine  grade  of  saddle  horses,  and 
scores   of   mettlesome   steeds   were    soon 
seen  prancing  in  the  knightly  sport  which 
the  association   was  formed   to   promote. 
Its  members,  mounted  on  chargers  capar- 
isoned in  saddle-blankets  of  blue  broad- 
cloth   with   yellow    bindings    and    showing, 
brightly  embroidered  in  their  corners,  tlfe 
four-leaf    clover    emblematic  of    the  club, 
presented     a     gay     and     imposing     sight 
to  the  beholder.    The  riding  parties  were 
wont  to  meet  for  country-road  excursions 
on  Saturday  afternoons,  and  to  the  prac- 
tice of  graceful  horsemanship  acquired  in 
many  spirited  jaunts,  is  attributable  much 
of  the  skill  for  which   Evanston  society 
people  have  been  noted  in  connection  with 
this  robust  and  exhilarating  diversion.    At 
the  period  of  its  inception,  thirty-one  gen- 
tlemen,  all    prominent    members   of   The 
Country  Club,  joined  in  the  regular  riding 
parties    of    the    Equestrian    Association. 
Among    the    accomplished    equestriennes 
who    graced    these    occasions    were    Mrs. 


Louis    F.    Brown,     Mrs.    Charles    Buckley, 
Mrs.  Thomas  S.  Creighton,  Mrs.  Frederick 
E.  French,  Mrs.  Francis  A.  Hardy,  Mrs. 
Marshall   M.  Kirkman,  Mrs.  George   W. 
Whitfield   and    Misses    Katherine    Buehler, 
Cora  Cassard,  Elizabeth  Fletcher,  Minnie 
Kirkman.    Maude    Parker,    Kate   C.    Quin- 
lan  and  Mary  T.  Wilson.    In  the  summer 
of  1895,  as  an  off-shoot  of  the  Equestrian 
Association,  a  number  of  its  members  or- 
ganized themselves  for  competition  in  the 
game  of  pony  polo.     This  body  acting  in 
concert  with   the   former,   afterwards   in- 
augurated   what    was    observed    as    "The 
Country  Club  Field  Day,"  on  which  polo 
matches,    hurdle    races,    pony    races    and 
premium     "turnout"     exhibits     constituted 
the  attractions.     Marshall  M.  Kirkman  was 
the  projector  of  The  Country  Club  Polo 
Association,_  and   its   organization    was   ef- 
fected at  his  residence  on  the  evening  of 
April   12,   1895.     Besides  the  host  of  the 
occasion,  those  in  attendance  were  Albert 
Tracy    Kirkman,    Marshall    Jay    Kirkman, 
W.  Bruce  Kirkman,  George  H.  Sargent, 
John  H.  Kedzie,  Jr.,  Gabriel  F.  Slaughter, 
Henry  W.  Dakin,  John  M.  Allen,  Freder- 
ick  S.    Chapin   and    George    K.    Armsby. 
George  S.  Chapin  was  elected  Captain  of 
the  Association,  and  Frederick  S.  Chapin 
was     made     Secretary     and     Treasurer. 
Grounds   were    leased   and   suitably   pre- 
pared at  the  corner  of  Grant  Street  and 
Asbury     Avenue,     and     an     experimental 
game  of  polo  was  there  played  one  month 
from  the  date  of  organization. 

A  feature  of  instrumental  music  was 
supplied  by  the  club  in  October,  1894,  in 
the  formation  of  a  Banjo  and  Mandolin 
Association,  each  instrument  being  at  first 
represented  by  a  distinct  organization, 
the  former  having  fifteen  members,  and 
the  latter,  eleven.  These  were  under  the 
direction,  respectively,  of  Ralph  H.  Smith 
and  Signor  Salvatore  Tomaso.     The  two 


460 


EVANSTON  COUNTRY  CLUB 


societies  were  subsequently  united  under 
one  leadership.  Prominent  among  the  or- 
iginal members  were  the  Misses  Mae  Rice, 
Grace  Hess.  Lily  Rice,  Susanna  Rowe, 
Lucy  Pinney,  Blanche  Eversz,  Elizabeth 
Boynton  Harbert,  Frances  Rickards,  Ter- 
esa Metcalf,  Louise  Rice,  Emily  D.  Rowe, 
Mrs.  Lucian  E.  Harding,  and  Messrs. 
Charles  George  Lewis,  Thomas  H.  Lewis, 
William  C.  Gilbert,  John  W.  Scott, 
Dwight  Willing,  Frank  Savage,  Winter 
D.  Hess,  Will  Gilbert,  William  McCor- 
mick.  Charles  H.  Matthews,  Marshall  Jay 
Kirkman  and  Benjamin  Miller.  Some  of 
these  "branch  associations"  were  discon- 
tinued in  after  years.  Among  the  most 
notable  "functions"  of  the  parent  club 
which  have  been  maintained  ever  since 
its  inception,  are  the  New  Year's  recep- 
tions and  the  Children's  Day  festivals, 
which  are  still  characterized  by  undimin- 
ished vivacity  and  eclat. 

From  the  organization  of  the  Country 
Club,  on  JMay  14,  1888,  until  and  including 
the  annual  election  of  officers  in  1898,  its 
subordinate  executive  officials  were  as  fol- 
lows: First  'Vice  -Presidents — Frederick 
W,  Clarke,  Arthur  Orr,  William  E.  Stock- 
ton (who  served  two  terms),  and  Freder- 
ick Arnd  (who  served  seven  terms)  ;  Sec- 
ond 'Vice-Presidents — Milton  W.  Kirk, 
Frederick  Arnd  (who  served  two  terms), 
Frank  M.  Elliot,  and  Benjamin  F.  Adams 
(who  served  seven  terms)  ;  Treasurers — 
Thomas  S.  Creighton  and  Nicholas  G. 
Iglehart,  of  whom  the  latter  served  ten 
terms  ;  Secretaries — Catherine  Aishton, 
Edwin  F.  Brown  (who  served  seven 
terms),  William  B.  Bogert,  and  John  H. 
Kedzie,  Jr.,  (who  served  two  terms).  In 
the  course  of  time  above  mentioned,  the 
following  gentlemen  were  Directors  of 
the  club:  Marshall  M.  Kirkman,  Nicholas 
G.  Iglehart,  Edwin  C.  Belknap,  Benjamin 
F.  Adams,  Thomas  S.  Creighton,  Arthur 


Orr,  Frederick  Arnd,  George  Lunt,  Ros- 
coe  L.  Wickes,  Edwin  F.  Brown,  Martin 
M.  Gridley,  William  E.  Stockton,  William 
Holabird,  Frank  M.  Elliot,  Harry  S.  Stev- 
ens, Francis  O.  Frazier,  Francis  A.  Hardy, 
E.  A.  Chapman,  Milton  W.  Kirk,  Hugh 
R.  Wilson,  John  Scott,  Hanson  McDow- 
ell, Charles  H.  Matthews,  William  B. 
Bogert  and  Charles  T.  Boynton. 

Marshall  M.  Kirkman  served  continu- 
ously as  President  of  the  club  from  the  time 
of  its  organization  imtil  the  official  term 
covering  1898.  William  Holabird  suc- 
ceeded Mr.  Kirkman  as  President  and 
Francis  A.  Hardy  became  First  Vice- 
President  ;  Francis  O.  Frazier,  Second 
■Vice-President;  Rufus  C.  Davis,  Treasur- 
er; and  Lucien  E.  Harding,  Secretary. 
The  directors  then  elected  were :  for  three 
years — Frederick  Arnd,  John  H.  Kedzie, 
jr.,  John  W.  Scott  and  William  W.  Gates ; 
for  two  years — Hugh  R.  Wilson  and  Wal- 
ter W.  Ross ;  for  one  year — Marshall  I\L 
Kirkman,  Rollin  A.  Keyes  and  Edwin  A. 
Sherman.  In  April,  1901,  Judge  Leroy  D. 
Thoman  succeeded  Mr.  Holabird  as  Pres- 
ident, serving  in  that  capacity  four  years. 

The  present  President  of  the  Club, 
Franklin  C.  Letts,  was  elected  May  i, 
1905,  when  the  following  officials  were 
also  elected,  namely:  First  "Vice-Presi- 
dent, Charles  E.  Yerkes ;  Second  "Vice- 
President,  Charles  G.  Davis ;  Secretary 
and  Treasurer,  Charles  N.  Stevens ;  Di- 
rectors— Murray  B.  Augur,  Charles  H. 
Barry,  Marshall  Clarke,  David  R.  Forgan, 
George  T.  Kelly,  William  Holabird,  Mar- 
shall M.  Kirkman,  C.  F.  Marlow,  F.  F. 
Peabody  and  William  H.  Warren. 

The  present  membership  of  The  Coun- 
try Club  numbers  800.  Its  sole  honorary 
member  is  Nicholas  G.  Iglehart.  The  list 
of  life  members,  a  relation  involving  a  fee 
of  $400  for  gentlemen  and  $83  for  ladies, 
is  as  follows :  William  Blanchard,  Charles 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


461 


T.  Boyiiton,  William  L.  Brown,  John  M. 
Ewen,  William  J.  Fabian,  Francis  P.  Fra- 
zier,  Francis  A.  Hardy,  William  Holabird. 
John  H.  Kedzie,  Jr.,  John  B.  Kirk,  Walter 
W.  Kirk,  Marshall  M.  Kirkman,  Richard 
C.  Lake,  Charles  G.  Lewis,  Dr.  Thomas 
H.  Lewis,  Benjamin  W'.  Lord,  Uriah  Lott, 
Arthur  Orr,  Henry  P.  Pearsons,  Henry 
Raeder,  George  ^L  Sargent,  Roscoe  L. 
Wickes,  Hugh  R.  Wilson,  Mrs.  Charles  T. 
Bovnton,    Mrs.  William    L.    Brown,    Mrs. 


John  M.  Ewen,  Mrs.  William  J.  Fabian, 
Mrs.  Francis  P.  Frazier,  Mrs.  Francis  A. 
Hardy,  Mrs.  William  Holabird.  Mrs.  J. 
W.  Howell,  Miss  Margaret  Kedzie,  Miss 
Emma  Kirk,  Mrs.  John  B.  Kirk,  Mrs. 
Walter  W.  Kirk,  Mrs.  Marshall  M.  Kirk- 
man, Miss  Ella  Gates  Kirkman,  Miss 
Mary  Lewis,  Mrs.  Uriah  Lott,  Mrs. 
Henry  Raeder,  Mrs.  Martha  C.  Stockton, 
Miss  Julia  K.  Watson,  Mrs.  Hugh  R. 
Wilson  and  Miss  Mary  T.  Wilson. 


CHAPTBR  XLVI. 


BIOORAPOICAL 


ORRINGTON  LUNT. 

"A  man  he  seems  of  cheerful  yesterdays, 
And  confident  tomorrows." 

Orrington  Lunt,  one  of  Chicago's  pi- 
oneers and  one  of  the  founders  of  Evan- 
ston,  attained  to  the  very  ideal  of  the 
public-spirited,  patriotic  citizen,  without 
a  blemish  upon  his  record  as  a  merchant, 
a  gentleman  and  a  Christian.  He  was 
born  in  Bowdoinham,  Maine,  December 
24,  181 5.  He  came  of  old  New  England 
stock.  His  first  American  ancestor,  Hen- 
ry Lunt,  who  emigrated  to  this  country 
from  England  in  1635,  was  a  grantee  in 
the  original  allotment  of  land  in  New- 
buryport,  Mass.,  and,  in  1636,  was 
made  a  freeman  of  the  colony.  His 
grandmother  was  a  daughter  of  Gen- 
eral Joseph  Vose  of  Revolutionary  fame, 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  Society  of  the 
Cincinnati  and  a  direct  descendant  of  a 
family  noted  for  courage  and  prowess. 
His  father,  William  Lunt,  represented 
his  county  in  the  Maine  Legislature  and 
was  everywhere  recognized  as  a  thrifty 
and  enterprising  man  of  affairs.  He  was 
a  merchant  in  the  little  town  of  Bowdoin- 
ham and  during  a  long  life-time  enjoyed 
the  esteem  and  confidence  of  the  com- 
mimity  in  which  he  lived.  His  mother, 
Anne  Matilda  Sumner,  was  of  the  same 
lineage  as  Governor  Sumner  of  Massa- 
chusetts,  and    the    distinguished    Senator 


of  that  name.  She  was  a  woman  of  rare 
cleverness  and  beauty,  and  from  her  ap- 
parently her  oldest  child  derived  many 
of  his  principal  traits.  And  the  gifts  be- 
stowed upon  him  at  his  cradle  were 
among  the  best  at  God's  command ;  phy- 
sical strength  and  manly  beauty,  a  sweet 
and  simny  temper,  a  quick  strong  mind, 
a  rich  quaint  humor,  a  fearless  spirit  and 
a  tender  heart.  Besides  all  these,  a  glad 
delight  in  natural  beauty  and  a  joy  in 
human    fellowship. 

When  the  lad  was  nine  years  old  he 
sat  one  wintry  afternoon  watching  his 
mother's  face  by  the  light  of  the  fire. 
Her  beloved  features  changed  to  such 
unutterable  sadness  that  he  burst  into 
tears.  Roused  from  her  reverie  she  put 
her  arms  about  him  and  tried  to  com- 
fort him.  But  the  solemn  sweetness  with 
which  she  urged  him  to  be  a  good  boy 
and  a  good  man,  never  to  forget  her, 
never  to  forget  her  counsels,  revealed 
the  truth,  and  ere  many  rnonths  he  stood 
beside  her  grave.  After  that,  it  was 
said,  the  neighbors  seldom  saw  him 
smile.  But  he  learned  rapidly  and  eager- 
ly all  that  the  village  schools  could  teach 
him.  The  vigorous  and  ambitious  boy 
was  everywhere  known  as  a  hard  worker 
and  an  apt  scholar.  Apparently  a  bright 
future  opened  before  him  as  a  student, 
but  at  the  call  of  duty  he  went  forth  to 


463 


464 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


prepare  for  the  great  battle  of  commercial 
life,  being  then  in  his  fourteenth  year. 

On  leaving  school  he  entered  his 
father's  store,  taking  hold  of  his  assigned 
tasks  with  the  same  hearty  good  will 
and  high  purpose  that  so  distinctly 
marked  his  whole  after  career.  He  showed 
from  the  first  the  steady  light  of  sterling 
integrity,  of  persistent  efTort,  and  of  un- 
weariedness  in  well  doing.  He  remained 
in  the  store,  a  growing  favorite  with  all 
who  dealt  there,  until  the  attainment  of 
his  majority  when  he  was  taken  into 
partnership.  The  character  of  Mr.  Lunt 
was  well  established.  He  had  attracted 
the  confidence  of  his  neighbors  and  was 
honored  by  them  publicly.  In  his  twenty- 
second  year  he  was  elected  Clerk  and 
Treasurer  of  the  town,  and  was  also  ap- 
pointed Justice  of  the  Peace.  These  po- 
sitions he  held  until  he  left  the  State. 

But  Bowdoinham  was  too  small  and 
too  slow  a  place  for  his  active  and  enter- 
prising nature.  He  had  married  on  the 
i6th  of  January,  1842,  Miss  Cornelia  A. 
Gray,  the  oldest  daughter  of  the  Hon. 
Samuel  Gray,  a  leading  attorney  in  the 
village,  who  served  as'  Representative, 
Senator,  and  member  of  the  Governor's 
Council  of  the  State ;  and  as  trade  grew 
dull  he  and  his  young  wife  determined 
to  try  their  fortune  in  the  then  distant 
and  unknown  West. 

He  sold  out  his  interests  in  Maine  at 
a  heavy  sacrifice,  realizing  little  more 
than  enough  to  pay  off  his  mercantile 
indebtedness.  They  started  west  on 
the  first  of  November,  1842.  and  arrived 
in  Chicago  on  the  eleventh  of  that  same 
month,  it  taking  ten  days  of  constant  trav- 
el to  make  the  journey.  Chicago  then,  ac- 
cording to  the  census  of  1840,  had  a  popu- 
lation of  less  than  five  thousand,  and  it 
was  then  at  its  lowest  ebb,  real  estate 
selling  for  less  than  at  any  time  since  the 


crisis  of  1837.  The  condition  of  trade 
was  at  a  standstill  and  it  was  impossible 
to  embark  in  business  during  the  winter, 
as  navigation  was  closed.  At  that  time 
there  were  no  railroads  in  the  Western 
State.  To  add  to  their  discouragement, 
in  the  spring  Mrs.  Lunt  became  alarm- 
ingly ill,  and  during  her  partial  convales- 
cence they  decided  to  return  to  Maine. 
He  was  now  thoroughly  disheartened, 
but  the  spirit  of  the  pioneer  was  not  to 
be  denied.  He  had  looked  upon  the  prai- 
ries and  the  Lakes,  and  the  narrower  hori- 
zon of  New  England  robbed  him  of  that 
new  sense  of  liberty  he  had  learned  to 
value.  He  felt,  with  the  intuition  of  a 
faith  he  never  lost,  that  in  the  West  was 
the  seat  of  opportunity,  and  that  Chicago, 
then  a  village  of  five  or  six  thousand  in- 
habitants, was  to  be  the  metropolis  of 
that  West.  So  about  the  last  of  July 
they  again  turned  their  faces  westward, 
his  entire  capital  consisting  of  letters  of 
recommendation  from  Eastern  firms,  mer- 
cantile houses  in  Boston  and  New  York. 
Mr.  Lunt  began  his  business  career  in 
Chicago  as  a  commission  merchant  by 
purchasing  a  set  of  books  on  credit,  and 
a*^  once  started  the  shipments  of  such  prod- 
uce as  he  could  obtain.  His  first  trans- 
action of  any  considerable  magnitude  was 
the  buying  of  several  hundred  barrels  of 
cranberries  in  lots,  as  they  were  offered 
at  fifty  cents  per  bushel,  for  a  Boston 
house.  He  was  soon  busily  at  work  pur- 
chasing almost  anything  that  offered.  He 
succeeded  so  well  that,  by  the  summer  of 
1844,  he  was  fairly  started  in  the  grain 
trade,  which  he  began  by  receiving  from 
Buffalo  a  small  cargo  of  oats  to  sell  for 
this  market.  After  the  ensuing  harvest 
he  began  to  purchase  wheat  from  teams. 
At  that  time  this  product  had  to  be  hauled 
by  the  farmers  in  their  wagons  to  Chi- 
cago, sometimes  coming  from  the  distant 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


465 


fields  in  Indiana  and  from  the  prairies  of 
Central  Illinois.  At  Chicago  it  was  trans- 
ferred to  boats  and  thence  transported 
eastward  by  way  of  the  Lakes.  The 
business  steadily  increased,  his  operations 
became  more  extensive,  his  careful  ener- 
getic management  attracted  confidence 
and  esteem.  In  1845  he  leased  a  lot  on 
the  river  front  and  erected  thereon  a 
warehouse  having  a  storage  capacity  of 
100,000  bushels — no  mean  capacity  in 
that  "day  of  small  things."  \\'heat  came 
in  quite  freely  after  the  harvest,  and  with 
a  brisk  trade,  on  a  continually  advancing 
market,  he  had  his  house  full  by  the  close 
of  navigation.  He  made  one  sale  of  fifty 
thousand  bushels,  which  was  a  ver}'  large 
transaction   in   those   da3'S. 

In  business  Mr.  Lunt  was  an  honest 
man  in  the  strictest  sense  of  the  word — 
not  only  honest  in  his  personal  dealings, 
but  he  never  tolerated  dishonesty  in 
subordinates  or  employes.  In  those  dajs. 
when  grain  was  drawn  to  Chicago,  sold 
to  buyers  on  the  street  and  weighed  in 
at  South  Water  street  warehouses,  the 
farmers  who  sent  their  boys  to  the  young 
city  repeatedly  told  the  inexperienced 
youths  to  "wait  for  Orrington  Lunt  or 
one  of  his  buyers,"  and  it  became  known 
on  the  street  that  instructions  were  given 
that,  even  if  he  offered  lower  prices  than 
any  other  buyers,  "not  to  leave  him,  for  his 
honest  weights  v^'ould  more  than  make 
the  difTerence."  He  was  strong,  self-re- 
liant and  enterprising,  and  soon  prosper- 
ity made  him  over-sanguine.  He  bought 
boldly  and  lest  in  a  single  season  all  that 
he  had  made.  He  took  the  lesson  to 
heart.  He  never  speculated  again,  and 
was  ever  afterward  noted  for  his  cautious 
and  conservative  sagacity.  Frontier  life 
is  a  severe  test  of  character.  Many  a  man 
has  forgotteit,  in  the  hurry  and  excite- 
ment  of   a    rapidly    growing    town,    his 


mural  training  and  his  religious  experi- 
ence. Liut  Orrington  Lunt  never  neglect- 
ed his  \'ows  to  God  during  the  years  of 
strenuous  commercial  activity,  in  which 
he  laid  the  foundations  of  his  success. 
His  probity  became  proverbial. 

With  the  entry  of  railroads  into  Chi- 
cago, the  conditions  of  trade  materially 
changed,  and,  in  the  year  1853,  Mr.  Lunt 
leased  his  warehouse  for  a  term  of  years 
and  retired  temporarily  from  the  handling 
of  grain,  but  in  1859  he  again  took  charge 
and  continued  until  1862  handling  as 
much  as  three  and  a  half  million  bushels 
of  grain  annually.  He  always  kept  him- 
self familiar  with  all  the  transactions  of 
the  Boad  of  Trade,  which  had  seen  its 
first  struggles  into  existence  in  1848.  He 
had  joined  with  those  who  were  taking 
the  initiatory  steps  for  its  formation,  and 
was  at  the  first  meeting  called  to  pass  res- 
olutions and  adopt  a  constitution.  He 
was  a  charter  member,  at  one  time  a  Di- 
rector on  the  Board,  and  was  one  of  the 
noted  pioneers  in  that  period  of  its  his- 
tory. In  185 1,  at  its  third  annual  meeting, 
the  official  reports  presented  an  extreme- 
ly discouraging  aspect  of  affairs.  Not 
only  had  the  membership  fallen  off,  but 
those  in  good  standing  who  had  paid  their 
dues  numbered  only  thirty-eight,  and  dur- 
ing the  following  year  business  transac- 
tions "on  change"  became  so  insignificant 
that  attendance  dropped  at  times  to  noth- 
ing. It  is  noteworthy  that  on  the  record 
for  July  1 2th  there  was  present  one  man. 
It  was  Orrington  Lunt.  And  during  nine 
days  only  five  members  had  sufficient 
interest  to  put  in  an  appearance  at  the 
place  appointed  for  daily  sessions.  From 
that  Board  of  Trade,  to  which  he  belonged 
from  its  organization,  he  never  resigned 
his  membership. 

Mr.  Lunt  was  pre-eminently  a  builder 
v.'hose  conservatism  was  only  matched  by 


466 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


his  steady,  persistent  pusli  in  everything 
he  undertook.  He  exercised  a  potent  in- 
fluence in  the  city  of  his  adoption.  Every 
enterprise  calculated  to  further  its  pros- 
perity deeply  interested  him.  His  zeal, 
conservatism,  and  strenuous  endeavor 
made  him  an  important  factor  during  the 
formation  period  of  the  civic,  railroad, 
educational,  church  and  business  life  of 
Chicago  and  all  the  country  tributary  to 
it  during  that  period.  His  geniality  was 
as  proverbial  as  his  sterling  honesty.  His 
generosity  was  without  narrowness.  His 
hand  and  his  home  were  open  to  all  good 
men  and  all  good  causes,  and  the  wisdom 
of  his  counsel  was  eagerly  welcomed  in 
all  the  varied  interests  connected  with  the 
growth  of  the  Northwest.  He  early  held 
many  honorable  positions.  Rarely  does 
it  fall  to  the  lot  of  one  man  to  be  equally 
wise  in  the  Council  Chamber  and  strong 
in  executive  action.  Places  upon  boards 
of  directors  always  came  to  him.  He  did 
not  have  to  seek  them  nor  did  he  shun 
them.  He  responded  to  every  call  upon 
his  conscience  and  his  judgment,  and  was 
ever  ready  to  share  in  doing  anything  that 
would  develop  Chicago  and  the  country 
about  it.  His  love  for  his  adopted  city 
grew  with  its  growth,  and  lasted  all  his 
life  long;  and  the  name  of  Orrington  Lunt 
commanded  respect,  confidence  and  affec- 
tion in  all  Chicago.  Men  loved  him  for 
his  gentleness,  yet  he  knew  how  to 
achieve  his  purpose.  His  plans  were 
pushed  with  tranquil  energy,  and  none 
could  swerve  him  where  his  conscience 
was  involved. 

In  1853  Mr.  Lunt  was  appointed  a 
member  of  the  Committee  of  the  Board 
of  Trade  to  visit  Washington  and  urge 
upon  Congress  the  improvement  of 
Chicago  harbor.  In  1855  he  was 
elected  a  \\'ater  Commissioner  for 
the  South  Division  of  Chicago,  and  con- 


tinued in  that  position  for  six  years.  At 
the  end  of  his  first  term  in  office,  he  was 
re-elected  for  three  more  years,  and  during 
the  last  three,  the  City  Department  hav- 
ing been  consolidated  in  the  Board  of 
Public  Works,  he  held  the  position  of 
Treasurer  and  President  of  the  Board. 
He  was  often  solicited  by  his  friends  to 
allow  his  name  to  be  used  as  a  candidate 
for  Mayor  and  various  high  city  offices, 
but  his  ambition  never  ran  in  that  direc- 
tion. He  was  one  of  the  most  modest 
men  that  ever  blessed  the  human  family. 
He  shrank  from  ostentation  and  from 
public  applause.  Like  most  men  of  that 
early  period  he  made  investments  in  real 
estate.  He  became  interested  in  Fire  and 
Life  Insurance,  and  was  a  Director  in  the 
Chicago  Fireman's  and  the  Chicago 
Mutual  Life  Insurance  Companies.  He 
devoted  much  attention  to  railroad  enter- 
prises, particularly  to  the  Galena  &  Chi- 
cago L'nion,  of  which  he  was  a  director 
from  1855  until  it  became  a  part  of  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railway  Com- 
pany's System.  He  was  also  one  of  the 
Auditors  of  the  Board  of  Directors  and 
devoted  close  attention  to  the  duties  of  the 
office  for  several  years.  During  the  last 
two  years  of  his  connection  with  the  road, 
up  to  the  time  of  its  absorption  by  the 
Northwestern,  he  was  its  Vice-President. 
During  all  its  years,  until  his  resigna- 
tion a  few  months  before  his  death,  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association :  he 
was  President  of  the  Chicago  Bible  Soci- 
ty  and  one  of  its  life-members,  and  worked 
earnestly  and  with  decided  success  to  es- 
tablish the  Chicago  Orphan  Asylum,  of 
which  he  was  one  of  the  builders  and 
early  benefactors.  In  connection  with 
one  other  member  of  the  Building  Com- 
mittee, in  the  summer  of  1854,  he  raised 
nearly   twenty   thousand   dollars   to   com- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


467 


plete  the  edifice.  In  1854  he  also  became 
a  Trustee  of  Dearborn  Seminary,  which, 
after  a  trying  struggle,  succeeded  in  erect- 
ing its  building  in  1857.  He  was  one  of 
the  original  Trustees  of  Clark  Seminary 
at  Aurora,  which  was  built  by  a  private 
corporation  but  subsequently  turned  over 
to  the  church,  the  first  holders  transfer- 
ring their  interest  without  compensation. 
He  was  one  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  first  Homoeopathic  Hospital  estab- 
lished in  1854,  and  a  Trustee  of  the  Hah- 
nemann College,  whose  charter  was 
drafted  in  the  office  of  Abraham  Lincoln 
who  personally  exerted  himself  to  secure 
its  passage.  Quinn  Chapel  was  organized 
in  1847  to  shelter  a  little  congregation  of 
colored  people.  With  a  quiet  courage  that 
never  failed  him,  Mr.  Lunt  helped  these 
unfortunates  when  they  were  the  objects 
of  much  persecution.  He  had  sold  to 
them  a  lot  at  a  minimum  price,  receiving 
a  very  small  first  payment.  The  passage 
and  the  approval  of  the  Fugitive  Slave 
Act  in  1850  had  caused  great  consterna- 
tion among  the  colored  population  of  Chi- 
cago, and  resolutions  intensely  antagon- 
istic to  the  bill  were  passed  and  even  a 
Vigilance  Committee  appointed.  In  one 
of  the  journals  of  that  period  it  is  related 
that  many  of  the  little  congregation  fled 
to  Canada  to  prevent  the  provisions  of 
the  bill  being  enforced  upon  them.  A 
local  historian  describes  their  pastor  as 
"having  very  strong  lungs,  and  being 
well  versed  in  the  prophecies  and  Revela- 
tions, but  with  a  weak  heart  and  doing 
nothing  for  the  church."  He  refused  to 
sign  any  papers,  nor  would  he  do  anything 
toward  collections,  or  aid  in  any  pay- 
ments on  Queen  Chapel  lot.  A  commit- 
tee, therefore,  waited  upon  Mr.  Lunt  to 
explain  their  indigence  and  inability,  to 
whom  he  replied,  "Give  yourselves  no 
uneasiness;  you  shall  not  lose  the  prop- 


erty,"' and  immediately  donated  three  hun- 
dred of  the  five  hundred  dollars  due  him. 
He  purchased  lots  for  the  Swedes,  Ger- 
mans and  other  church  societies,  and  his 
name  became  a  household  word  in  all  of 
them.  A  liberal  man  at  the  beginning  of 
his  Christian  life  when  only  twenty  years 
of  age  and  when  his  means  were  slender, 
his  lienefactions  increased  in  variety  and 
magnitude  with  his  enlarging  fortune. 

When  Mr.  Lunt  first  came  to  Chicago 
he  and  his  wife  immediately  connected 
themselves  with  the  First  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church,  in  which  he  became  one  of 
the  Trustees  and  for  a  long  time  was  the 
Secretary  of  the  Board.  In  the  counsels 
of  the  church  his  words  were  not  many, 
but  always  wise  and  brave.  For  Orring- 
ton  Lunt  united  shrewdness  with  senti- 
ment. He  planned  for  others  as  well  as 
for  himself.  He  gave  thought  and  toil  as 
well  as  speech  and  song.  It  has  been 
said  of  him  that  there  is  not  a  Methodist 
institution,  general  or  local,  in  the  city  of 
Chicago,  which  is  not,  in  one  way  or 
another,  a  beneficiary  of  his  enthusiastic 
and  invincible  love  for  the  Church  and 
Kingdom.  The  State  Street  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  originated  with  Orring- 
ton  Lunt.  In  1847,  realizing  the  necessity 
of  a  church  edifice  further  south,  he 
bought  a  lot  which  he  oiTered  to  the  Clark 
Street  at  the  purchase  price  less  his  own 
contribution,  and  held  this  ofi^er  open  for 
five  years.  The  Wabash  Avenue  M.  E. 
Church  was  the  result  of  his  foresight 
and  generosity.  To  the  church  of  his 
early  love  he  gave  unstinted  energy  and  a 
thrifty  and  far-seeing  wisdom.  His  piety 
was  fraught  with  rare  intelligence,  and 
to  him  more  than  to  any  other  man  the 
Methodists  in  Chicago  owe  many  of  the 
plans  that  made  their  growth  so  rapid.  In 
spiritual  as  well  as  financial  affairs  he  was 
active.     In  the  social  meetings  he  was  a 


468 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


conspicuous  and  beloved  figure.  When 
he  sang  in  the  prayer  meetings  he  cap- 
tured all  hearts.  Not  unfrequently  in 
those  early  days  he  sang  alone.  His  voice 
was  rich  and  resonant,  strong,  with  a 
supporting,  inspiring  quality  that  made 
the  heart  glad.  "I  believe,"  he  wrote  in 
his  old  age,  "that  if  one  sings  so  as  to 
help  the  meeting  he  must  have  the  spirit 
to  sing."'  And  he  sang,  as  he  gave,  with 
the  spirit  and  desire  to  help.  He  had  the 
keenest  sense  of  righteousness  without  a 
tinge  of  bitterness  toward  anybody.  Re- 
ligious faith  wrought  in  him  not  so  much 
to  transform  as  to  refine,  to  preserve,  to 
illuminate  and  to  perfect  him.  And  the 
vital  thing  about  Orrington  Lunt  was  the 
divine  atmosphere  in  which  he  moved  for 
over  sixty  years.  It  clothed  him  with  an 
invisible  armor.  It  urged  him  on  to  secret 
prayer  and  open  goodness.  It  strength- 
ened and  perfected  the  virtues  he  inherit- 
ed. It  guided  him  into  large  and  generous 
enterprise.  It  made  his  home  luminous 
and  glorified  his  old  age.  His  character, 
to  many  who  thought  they  understood 
him,  seemed  quite  simple.  But  it  was.  in 
realitv,  a  harmony  of  many  qualities  too 
seldom  found  together.  There  was  noth- 
ing astonishing  about  him,  and  yet  no 
human  being  in  all  Chicago  taught  more 
perfectly  the  dignity  of  manhood  and  the 
sweet  magic  of  loving  kindness.  Other 
men  have  had  more  fame:  no  man  was 
ever  dearer  to  the  hearts  that  knew  him. 
Other  men  have  made  more  money:  he 
made  enough  to  accomplish  far  more  for 
the  public  good  than  most  of  them.  True 
to  every  trust,  eager  to  urge  and  swift  to 
aid  in  e^•c^y  work  of  mercy,  the  associa- 
tion of  his  name  with  a  new  project 
became  almost  a  guarantee  of  its  success. 
When  the  Civil  War  broke  out  Mr. 
Lunt  consented  to  serve  upon  the  Com- 
mittee of  Safety  and  Finance,  appointed 


at  the  Bryan  Hall  Meeting,  held  April  13, 
1861.  That  was  a  day  long  to  be  remem- 
bered in  Chicago,  a  beautiful,  cloudless 
spring  day,  such  as  seldom  visits  the  West 
so  early — and  in  the  fresh  April  air,  from 
spire  and  balcony,  church  and  dwelling, 
floated  the  flag  which  had  been  lowered 
at  Fort  Sumter.  To  raise  it  once  more — 
to  preserve  its  honor  as  a  priceless  heri- 
tage— was  the  all-absorbing  passion  and 
purpose.  He  was  a  figure  in  the  war 
meetings  crowded  with  excited  and  patri- 
otic citizens,  and  he  spent  the  first  Sab- 
bath after  the  fall  of  Fort  Sumter  in  rais- 
ing supplies  and  starting  the  first  regi- 
ment to  the  front  from  Chicago.  And  this 
was  but  the  beginning  of  his  efiforts  to  aid 
the  Union  cause.  His  work  was  continu- 
ous, faithful  and  nobly  generous.  He 
threw  himself  into  the  arduous  work  of 
the  committee  with  the  zeal  of  an  enthu- 
siast whose  patriotism  knew  no  more 
doubt  than  his  religious  faith.  While  the 
war  lasted  his  devotion  never  flagged.  And 
whatever  Orrington  Lunt  did  was  not 
only  sure  to  be  well  done,  but  it  was  done 
in  a  spirit  of  gentleness  and  cheerfulness 
that  was  a  constant  wonder  and  joy  to 
his  fellow-workers  in  those  days  of  Na- 
tional trial.  And  four  years  after  the  com- 
mencement of  the  bitter  struggle,  he  had 
the  delight  of  seeing  the  old  flag  again 
flung  to  the  breeze  from  the  battlements 
of  Sumter,  and  later,  in  company  with 
distinguished  generals  and  civilians,  he 
visited  Charleston  and  Richmond.  His 
was  also  the  proud  privilege  of  witness- 
ing, at  our  National  Capital,  the  never  to 
be  forgotten  Grand  Review  of  our  vic- 
torious armies  at  Washington  on  May 
24.    1865. 

Travel  had  always  been  to  ^Ir.  Lunt 
a  source  of  keen  enjoyment,  and  he  lost 
no  opportunity  to  familiarize  himself  with 
large  regions  of  his  own  country.  In  1865 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


469 


he  started  with  his  family  on  a  journey  to 
the  Old  World.  He  visited  the  noted  cities 
and  countries  of  Europe  and  the  East  and 
traveled  extensively  for  over  two  years. 
He  loved  nature  and  he  loved  art,  and  to 
the  last  moment  of  his  stay  abroad  he 
showed  for  both  a  tireless  interest.  No 
one  of  his  children,  alert  and  active  as 
they  were,  could  keep  pace  with  him. 
What  he  liked  he  remembered  vividly  and 
tenaciously,  what  he  disHked  he  forgot. 
He  had  the  rare  quality  of  seeing  quickly 
and  passing  by  easily  the  trivial  and  un- 
pleasant, and  he  had  a  childlike  happiness 
in  the  beautiful,  the  curious  and  the  won- 
derful. Returning  to  Chicago  he  devoted 
himself  to  the  care  of  his  estate  and  to  the 
enterprises  that  had  become  the  central 
interests  of  his  life.  In  1877  he  was 
elected  President  of  the  Trustees  of  the 
Care  Fund  for  the  lot  owners  of  Rose 
Hill  Cemetery,  and  was  their  Treasurer  to 
within  a  short  period  of  his  death,  render- 
ing, as  was  his  wont,  entirely  gratuitous 
service.  Under  the  skillful  and  faithful 
management  of  the  Trustees  $100,000  was 
collected  and  invested  in  city  and  Cook 
County  bonds.  Simply  to  mention  the 
religious,  philanthropic,  and  educational 
enterprises  which  were  and  are  indebted 
to  his  munificence  and  foresight,  is  to 
make  no  inconsiderable  catalogue.  He 
displayed  an  enviable  largeness  of  spirit, 
and  a  monumental  lavishness  in  gifts. 

But  the  crowning  activity  of  Mr.  Lunt's 
public  life  was  that  in  connection  with  the 
Northwestern  University  and  the  Garrett 
Biblical  Institute,  to  which  he  gave  more 
aiifection  and  gratuitous  service  than  any 
other  man  who  has  been  connected  with 
them.  It  is  a  blessing  rare  and  seldom 
paralleled  that  a  man  of  large  private 
interests  should  render,  through  so  long 
a  period  and  without  pecuniary  compen- 
sation,   such    painstaking,   judicious    and 


devoted  service.  And  though  responsible 
for  many  and  extensive  interests,  which 
in  the  vicissitudes  of  business  were  often 
imperiled;  and  though  in  constant  de- 
mand by  important  civic,  philanthropic 
and  religious  enterprises  for  service  which 
was  alwaj^s  ungrudgingly  rendered,  Mr. 
Lunt  still  gave  to  those  institutions  the 
richest  treasure  of  his  sagacity,  his  pa- 
tience, and  his  tireless  devotion.  As  early 
as  185 1  Mr.  Lunt,  with  two  others,  pur- 
chased the  quarter  of  a  block  at  the  north- 
east corner  of  La  Salle  and  Jackson 
Streets,  Chicago,  with  a  view  to  the  pos- 
sible location  there  of  a  preparatory 
school  for  the  projected  LIniversity.  But, 
after  the  University  had  been  founded  at 
Evanston,  this  property,  of  which  they 
still  held  possession,  as  they  had  given 
their  personal  obligations  for  its  full  pay- 
ment, was  leased  to  provide  an  income  for 
the  LTniversity  which  still  owns  it.  It  is 
the  valuable  land  on  which  they  have 
reared,  as  a  permanent  investment,  that 
noble  building  occupied  by  the  Illinois 
Trust  and  Savings  Bank.  Mr.  Lunt's  con- 
nection with  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the 
University  was  continuous  from  the 
granting  of  the  charter  in  185 1,  in  which 
he  was  named  one  of  the  incorporators, 
until  his  death  in  1897.  For  a  time  he 
was  Treasurer  of  the  Board,  and  he  served 
for  several  years  as  a  member  of  the 
Auditing  Committee.  In  1875  he  became 
First  Vice-President  and  Acting  Presi- 
dent of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  and 
continued  as  such  until  1895,  when  he 
accepted  the  Presidency  which  had 
been  repeatedly  urged  upon  him.  The 
LTniversity  had  frequently  been  the 
object  of  his  generosity.  It  was  char- 
acteristic of  him  that,  at  the  time  when  he 
was  planning  for  the  special  pleasure  and 
profit  of  his  family,  he  should  also  plan 
for  the  advancement  of  the  institution  he 


470 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


was  wont  to  watch  over  almost  as  if  it 
had  been  one  of  his  children.    Just  before 
his  departure  for  Europe  he  deeded  to  the 
University    one    hundred   and   fifty-seven 
acresofland.fifty-fourof  which  yet   remain 
unsold  and  constitute  an  endowment  fund 
for  the  Library.     In  1855  he  was  one  of 
the  charter  members  of  the  Garrett  Bibli- 
cal Institute,  and  was  its  Secretary  and 
Treasurer  and  the  Manager  of  its  financial 
and  business  matters  until  his  death.    His 
policy   was    to    sacredly   keep    intact   the 
landed  property  willed  by  Mrs.  Garrett, 
believing   it    to   be    the   most   permanent 
endowment.    His  was  the  steadfast,  prac- 
tical wisdom  that  no  booming  prosperity 
or    speculative    enterprise    could    swerve 
from  the  principles  of  true  conservatism, 
and  that  no  financial  disasters  could  waver 
or  discourage.     His  unwearied  and  unre- 
mitting services,  rendered  with  such  judg- 
ment and  power  of  prevision,  gave  him  a 
unique  place  among  the  benefactors  of  the 
schools.   Only  those  intimately  associated 
with  him  in  the  development  of  that  work 
could    appreciate    the    laborious    exactive 
management   of  infinite   detail   which   he 
voluntarily  assumed.     Not  only  their  ma- 
terial   interests,   but   the    selection   of    fit 
men   for  the   Boards  of   Instruction,    the 
framing   of    educational    policy,    and    the 
fostering  of  the  spirit  of  earnest  evangel- 
ism  were  subjects  of  his  constant  care; 
and  his  sagacions  counselling  and  liberal 
devising    were    resorted    to    as    unfailing 
sources  of  light  and  inspiration. 

And  his  chief  success  was  here  at 
Evanston.  A  history  of  Evanston  would 
have  Mr.  Lunt's  name  inscribed  on  its 
very  first  page,  for  to  him  more  than  to 
any  other  man  is  due  the  location  of  this 
city.  He  was  the  actual  discoverer  of  the 
Evanston  site  and,  therefore,  the  cause  of 
the  purchase  of  the  magnificent  location 
now  owned  and  occupied  by  the  Univer- 


sity. He  helped  to  plant  the  Institute  and 
University  in  the  Grove  that  enchanted 
him.  He  helped  obtain  the  charters  that 
safeguard  their  endowments,  and  safe- 
guard also  the  children  of  this  city  from 
the  dread  destroyer  worse  than  death.  He 
lavished  upon  these  Institutions  an  un- 
ceasing industry.  He  poured  out  for  them 
his  money  and  his  time.  The  noblest 
building  on  the  campus  is  a  visible  monu- 
ment of  his  generosity,  but  no  architect 
that  lives  could  frame  a  structure  beauti- 
ful enough  to  symbolize  the  loving  fidel- 
ity, the  almost  passionate  afifection,  with 
which  Orrington  Lunt  fathered  the  prog- 
ress of  these  schools.  They  had  grown 
fast  to  his  heart. 

When  the  great  fire  of  1871  laid  Chi- 
cago in  ashes,  and  reduced  multitudes  to 
want,  Mr.  Lunt's  home  on  Michigan  Ave- 
nue went  with  the  rest,  and  with  it  went 
all  the  buildings  from  which  he  derived 
an  income.  But  there  was  that  about 
this  quiet  man,  with  the  smiling  kindly 
eyes,  that  neither  flood,  war,  fire  nor  fam- 
ine could  daunt.  He  began  amid  the  smok- 
ing ruins  to  lay  the  foundations  for  the 
restoration  of  his  own  fortune,  as  well  as 
for  the  salvation  of  Garrett  Biblical  Insti- 
tute and  the  rebuilding  of  the  Methodist 
churches.  With  the  wisdom  that  always 
requires  most  of  the  busiest  men,  Mr. 
Lunt  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  Relief 
and  Aid  Society  which  had  charge  of  the 
distribution  of  the  World's  contributions 
for  the  relief  of  Chicago's  destitute.  The 
$150,000  collected  from  generous  Metho- 
dists in  all  parts  of  the  country  passed 
through  his  hands  and  was  disbursed  to 
the  satisfaction  of  all  parties. 

In  1874  Mr.  Lunt  with  his  family 
removed  to  Evanston.  He  had  first 
looked  with  the  eye  of  a  Seer  on 
the  beautiful  grove.  He  had  watched 
with    pride   the   growth    of    the    charm- 


II 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


471 


ing  suburb.  His  home  in  Chicago 
had  melted  under  a  fiery  hand.  His 
memory,  crowded  with  past  scenes,  with 
happy  visions  of  cherished  plans  accom- 
pUshed  and  noble  enterprises  started  for 
centuries  to  come,  made  it  natural  for 
him  to  choose  Evanston  as  the  home  of 
his  old  age.  Yet,  in  one  sense  Orrington 
Lunt  had  no  old  age.  His  four-score 
years  were  not  "labor  and  sorrow."  His 
strength,  his  good  cheer,  his  vivacity,  his 
sagacity  remained  with  him,  so  that  his 
life  at  Evanston  was  an  ideal  existence  for 
bim  and  his  beloved.  The  home  was  the 
center  of  his  heart's  affection.  He  never 
forgot  that  a  perfect  human  home  is  the 
joy  and  the  triumph  of  human  endeavor. 
A  lover  after  half  a  century  of  wedded 
life :  a  father  who  was  at  the  same  time  as 
elder  brother  to  his  children ;  he  never 
did,  and  ne\er  could,  live  his  life  in  any 
sense  apart  from  those  dearest  to  him. 
Whatever  interested  him  he  took  to  them. 
^^'hatever  interested  them  was  to  him  like 
something  of  his  own.  The  svmny  smile, 
the  hearty  hospitable  word,  the  cordial 
hand-grasp,  the  heart  warmth  that  always 
found  leisure  to  make  a  welcome  for  the 
guest,  the  quick  sense  of  humor  and  ready 
laugh  that  answered  every  jest,  the  low- 
ering of  the  voice  that  showed  his  sym- 
pathy with  every  trouble,  the  swift  re- 
sponsive interest  in  human  life  and  work 
left  in  every  heart  the  sense  of  a  perennial 
and  perpetual  youth.  Happy  in  the  wife 
of  his  youth  and  his  children,  his  hearth- 
stone was  the  center  of  perpetual  glad- 
ness, and  there  gathered  rapidly  a  cluster 
of  far  reaching  activities  and  friendships 
in  Evanston  that  made  their  home  upon 
the  Lake  Shore  as  beautiful,  for  its  moral 
outlook,  as  it  was  for  its  enchanting  views 
of  Lake  Michigan. 

On   the   evening   of  January    16,    1892, 
that    home    of    Mr.    and    ]\Irs.    Lunt    was 


thronged  with  friends  who  came  to  cele- 
brate their  Golden  Wedding.  Fifty  years 
since  the  newly  wedded  pair  had  turned 
their  hopeful  eyes  toward  Chicago;  fifty 
years  since,  with  youthful  courage,  they 
had  made  their  venture  to  the  unknown 
West.  What  wonders  they  had  seen  !  Of 
what  marvelous  achievements  they  had 
themselves  been  a  part !  It  was,  indeed, 
a  notable  company  that  assembled  to 
greet  this  pioneer  citizen — to  bring  to  the 
much  beloved  benefactor  and  equally  be- 
loved wife  the  congratulations  of  the 
community  and  the  gratitude  of  thou- 
sands. All  day  long  letters  and  telegrams 
had  been  pouring  in  from  far  and  near; 
friends  of  his  youth  and  friends  of  his 
later  years,  from  bishops  of  the  church, 
civic  rulers,  merchants,  bankers,  lawyers, 
physicians,  officers  and  professors  of  the 
colleges,  neighbors  and  relatives — all  vied 
with  each  other  to  honor  him  and  the  wife 
who  had  furthered  all  his  plans,  who  had 
delighted  alike  in  his  prosperity  and  his 
generosity,  and  who,  with  quiet  skill,  had 
ruled  the  household  and  trained  the  chil- 
dren. Costly  presents  and  elaborate  ad- 
dresses were  laid  at  their  feet.  He  looked 
and  listened  with  gracious  satisfaction. 
Benignity  and  contentment  beamed  from 
his  features.  He  had  completed  half  a  cen- 
tury of  faithful,  happy  and  honorable 
domestic  and  parental  life.  This  unstinted 
appreciation,  these  expressions  of  love 
and  admiration  and  reverence  were  the 
fitting  coronation  of  a  life  so  rich  in  help- 
fulness, so  radiant  with  intelligent  benev- 
olence, so  thoroughly  alive  with  kindly 
energy-.  He  had  shown  himself  friendly, 
and  now  he  had  friends.  He  was  recog- 
nized everywhere  as  an  example  the 
largeness  and  wisdom  of  whose  life  had 
come  to  its  golden  fruition  of  victory  and 
peace. 

During    that    culmination    of    Interna- 


472 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


tional   Expositions,   the   ^^'orld's    Colum- 
bian  Exposition   of    1893,   Mr.    Lunt  dis- 
played remarkable  vigor  and  vivacity.  He 
visited  the  White  City  almost  daily.     It 
was  to  him  the  grandest  enterprise  ever 
carried  through.     He  exulted  in  it  all  as 
a  great  educational  work  and  it  was  to 
him  the  demonstration  of  how  great  Chi- 
cago could  be.   Those  palaces  and  temples 
of  the  whole  world's  science  and  art  and 
industr}'    and    zeal    were    studied    with 
keenest  enthusiasm  and  appreciation.   Not 
counting  the  fatigue  or  exertion,   he  at- 
tended most  of  the  celebrations  held  amid 
those     surroundings.       He    spoke    of    it 
always  with  a  challenging  pride,  he  talked 
much    of   its   far-reaching   and    beneficial 
results,  and  he  astonished  his  whole  circle 
by    his    intimate    acquaintance    with    its 
wonders.  The  advancement  of  our  Nation 
in   art,   science   and   invention   filled   him 
with  a  personal  joy.     On  Chicago  Day — 
that  greatest  pacific  gathering  the  world 
had   ever  seen — he  was  one  of  the  hap- 
piest in  the  happy  throng.     In  that  Fair 
his  smiling  eyes  beheld  all  the  promises 
of  Chicago  fulfilled  fourfold ;  for  as  one 
has    ably    put    it,    "creation    had    been 
brought    together    in    harmony    and    in 
brotherhood." 

As  the  Orrington  Lunt  Library  rose 
above  its  foundations  he  watched  its  prog- 
ress with  ardent  delight,  and  surprised 
his  friends  by  his  alertness  and  activity. 
But.  as  it  approached  completion,  his 
strength  began  to  fail.  When  in  the  fall 
of  1894  the  building  was  dedicated,  i\Ir. 
Lunt,  to  the  joy  of  his  friends,  was  strong 
enough  to  be  there  and  to  read  his  address 
of  presentation.  No  one  who  saw  it  can 
ever  forget  the  scene ;  some  could  hardly 
take  in  his  words — so  pathetically  beauti- 
ful was  the  sight.  The  touch  of  death  was 
upon  him,  and  they  knew  they  would  hear 
his  voice  in  public  no  more.     His  words 


told  them  that  he  knew  it  also  when  he 
said : — "And,  if  I  may  now  speak  a  few 
words  to  the  young  men  and  women  who 
are   to   gather   here   that   they   may   gain 
strength  and  enthusiasm  for  lofty  purpose 
and    noble    endeavor,    I   would    earnestly 
say   to    them — remember   that,   whatever 
you   are,  your  chief  eflfectiveness   in   life 
will  be  due  to  the  high  ground  you  take ; 
that  your  weight  in  advancing  any  cause 
will    be    measured    in    the    end    by    your 
standard    of    character.      That    which    is 
personal,  small  and  intolerant  soon  dies, 
and  only  what  is  rational  and  noble,  in  the 
hard  struggle  for  truth,  survives  to  wield 
eventually  its  just  power  unfettered  and 
free.    The  treasures  of  the  past,  the  pos- 
sessions of  the  present,  and  the  promise 
of  the  future  seem  to  one  of  my  age,  look- 
ing back  upon  many  deprivations  and  an 
entire  lack  of  these  splendid  chances,  to 
be  all  3'ours  for  the  seeking,  all  within  your 
reach  ...    I  seem  to  see  the  light  which 
touches  even  as  the  sunrise  touches  the  hill 
tops,  the  heads   of  the  young  and   ardent 
workers  of  today.    We,  whose  feet  are  rap- 
idly  nearing  the   Shadowy   Valley,   have 
hope  of  the  better  things  to  come.  Well  do 
we  know  that  all  things  which  are  true  and 
honest,  just  and  pure,  come  from  Him  who 
is  the  perfect  beauty  and  perfect  truth.  And 
so  believing,  we  look  patiently  for  that  rev- 
elation which  is  to  turn  darkness  into  light, 
falsehood  into  truth,  hatred  into  love,  and 
the  whole  earth  from  evil  unto  good.  .  .  . 
Here  is  the  Library.  It  is  yours  with  its 
class  rooms,  its  lecture  rooms,  its  books,  its 
periodicals,  its  newspapers.   Yours  with  its 
inspirations  and  possessions,  given  to  this 
University  in  cheerful  love,  and  in  full  con- 
fidence that  it  will  be  consecrated  by  pa- 
tient   industry    and    fruitful    research,    and 
that  the  gift  will  be  multiplied  by  centuries 
of  use ;  that  it  will  enlighten  all  who  come 
into  its  studious  and  quiet  atmosphere,  and 


« 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


473 


more  firmly  establish  that  which  you — liv- 
ing men  of  progress  and  lovers  of  learning 
— are  aiming  to  teach  and  embody.  I  pray, 
in  hope  and  faith,  that  it  may  become  a 
great,  active  and  potential  force  for  good. 
I  shall  never  speak  to  you  all  again.  Stand- 
ing before  you  where  I  have  so  seldom 
stood  in  my  life  before,  all  unused  as  I  am 
to  the  platform  and  wholly  a  novice  at  pub- 
lic speaking;  reminded,  as  one  of  my  age 
must  constantly  be  reminded,  of  those  who 
have  passed  beyond  our  human  vision, 
whither  all  feet  are  surely  tending — rem- 
iniscence has  had,  perhaps,  too  large  a 
share  in  my  thought  and  speech.  This  you 
will  pardon  to  my  years.  And  in  closing — 
not  mournfully  but  rejoicingly — I  quote, 
and  may  even  dare  to  appropriate,  a  sen- 
tence of  Carlyle's,  spoken  of  his  father, 
whom  he  loved  and  whose  death  left  him 
conscious  of  irreparable  loss,  yet  kindled  his 
faith  into  exalted  expression,  "I,  too," — as 
that  father  did — "feel  my  feet  upon  the 
Everlasting  Rock,  and  through  time,  with 
its  death  can  to  some  degree  see  into  Eter- 
nity with  its  life."  He  was  indeed  seeing 
into  Eternal  Life. 

One  of  the  distinguished  journalists  of 
Chicago  records  the  city's  estimate  in  an 
editorial,  under  the  distinctive  heading, 
"End  of  a  Beautiful  Life": 

"Full  of  years,  crowned  with  good  works, 
beloved  (as  few  men  are)  by  all,  with  not 
an  enemy  in  the  wide  world,  Orrington 
Limt,  the  founder  of  Evanston  and  one  of 
the  Fathers  of  Northwestern  University, 
died  at  his  residence  in  our  northern  suburb 
yesterday  morning.  Mr.  Lunt  was  in  his 
eighty-second  year,  and  for  fifty-five  years 
of  his  life  he  had  been  a  sweet  and  whole- 
some influence  in  the  stirring  scenes  mark- 
ing the  development  of  Chicago  from  the 
hamlet  to  a  metropolis.  He  was  one  of 
our  pioneers,  and  he  brought  to  this  city 
a   disposition   so    singularly   limpid,    gentle 


and  pure ;  a  nature  so  full  of  love  for  his 
fellow  men ;  a  character  so  free  from  the 
fierce  energy  of  action  that  is  usually  asso- 
ciated with  the  founding  of  cities,  that  his 
career  was  another  illustration  of  the  truth 
that 

"The  bravest  are  the  tenderest, 
The  loving  are  the  daring." 

"In  the  early  history  of  Chicago  the  name 
of  Orrington  Lunt  figures  in  almost  every 
enterprise  that  went  toward  centering  here 
the  trade  of  this  vast  continent.  And  as 
Chicago  grew  to  be  a  city  of  mark  in  the 
land,  the  same  name  was  found  enrolled 
wherever  action  was  being  taken  to  yoke 
the  refining  elements  of  education  and  cul- 
ture with  its  material  activity  and  growth. 
It  is  impossible  to  fully  estimate  or  appreci- 
ate the  priceless  value  of  such  a  life  to  such 
a  stirring  community  as  that  with  which 
Orrington  Lunt  united  his  fortunes.  It  im- 
parted a  leaven  to  the  grosser  lump  which 
has  never  ceased  to  work  for  the  purifica- 
tion and  elevation  of  this  city. 

"Of  recent  years  it  has  been  a  joy  to  look 
upon  the  beautiful  face  of  this  pioneer. 
Crowned  with  an  aureole  of  silver  hair,  as 
pure  white  as  his  own  spotless  nature,  he 
has  walked  among  us  a  being  beneficent. 
He  has  gone,  but  his  public  benefactions, 
his  private  virtues,  and  the  memory  of  his 
gentle,  successful  life  remain  to  bless  the 
community  in  which  he  lived. 

"Yes,  Orrington  Lunt  was  indeed  a  rare 
being,  a  very  radiant  human  energy,  a  just 
man,  very  beautiful  with  love.  He  died 
on  the  morning  of  April  5,  1897.  He  was 
buried  on  the  following  Thursday.  On  the 
day  of  the  funeral  the  schools  were  closed, 
business  was  practically  suspended,  and  the 
National  colors  were  half-masted  in  Evans- 
ton.  The  entire  city  mourned  as  if  he  rep- 
resented every  interest  there.  A  vast  mul- 
titude   gathered    in    the    First    Methodist 


474 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


Church  of  Evanston  to  honor  his  memory 
and  to  h'sten  to  the  beautiful  ceremonies  of 
his  funeral.  In  place  of  the  ordinary  de- 
pressing and  oppressive  black,  the  prevail- 
ing color  of  the  funeral  drapery  was  pur- 
ple. That  color  accorded  better  with  the 
sunny  life,  earnest  spirit,  and  ministering 
works  that  had  adorned  his  personal  his- 
tory. The  many  tributes  to  his  memory 
were  marked  by  an  unusual  tenderness  anil 
reverence.  All  who  knew  him  sorrowed 
■and  were  grateful.  The  overflowing  buoy- 
ancy of  his  nature  had  made  sunshine  wher- 
ever he  was,  and  left  inevitably  an  unlifting 
shadow  on  every  life  out  of  which  his  smile 
had  gone.  Tears  and  thanksgiving  mingled 
in  every  mention  of  his  death,  for  by  his 
manly  and  beneficent  life  he  had  brought 
men  nearer  to  the  heavenly  world.  No  won- 
der, therefore,  that  his  departure  touched 
them  like  a  benediction.  The  words  spoken 
over  his  bier  sounded  like  words  of  tri- 
umph. 

"All  that  we  loved  him  for  is  now  im- 
mortal, and  the  shadow  of  him  will  linger 
with  us  while  we  remain  and  remember. 
It  is  not  simply  his  name  that  is  woven  for- 
■ever  into  the  history  of  this  community  and 
its  institutions,  but  his  character  has  pen- 
etrated them  and  us  and  made  us  nobler 
than  we  were.  Like  some  subtle  mystery 
of  climate  that  gives  rare  beauty  and  rare 
vigor  to  the  happy  children  of  the  soil,  so 
his  influence  will  work  its  quiet  marvels  as 
the  days  go  by,  and  brighten  the  lives  of 
many  with  transfiguring  touch.  The  build- 
ing that  bears  his  name  to  posterity  may 
crumble  to  its  foundation ;  but  so  long  as 
yonder  Lake  that  charmed  him  hither  mur- 
murs to  human  listeners,  the  power  of  his 
faith  and  his  example,  carried  from  gen- 
eration to  generation,  will  break  in  praises 
of  human  blessing  at  the  feet  of  God." 


HARVEY  B.  KURD. 

Hon.  Harvey  B.  Hurd  was  born  in  Hunt- 
ington, Fairfield  County,  Connecticut,  Feb- 
ruary 14,  1828,  and  died  at  his  home  in 
Evanston,  111.,  January  20,  1906.  On  his 
father's  side  he  was  of  English  descent, 
and  of  Dutch  and  Irish  lineage  on  the  side 
of  his  mother.  His  youth  was  spent  on  his 
father's  farm,  during  the  summers  at  work 
and  in  the  winters  at  school,  until  he  was 
fifteen  years  of  age,  when,  on  May  i,  1842, 
he  made  his  start  in  life,  breaking  the  home 
ties  and  journeying  on  foot  with  his  little 
pack  to  Bridgeport,  Conn.,  to  become  an 
apprentice  in  the  office  of  the  "Bridgeport 
Standard,"  a  Whig  newspaper.  After  two 
years  and  more  of  work  as  a  printer,  with 
a  company  of  young  men  he  turned  his  face 
westward  to  seek  his  fortune.  He  landed 
in  Peoria  County,  Illinois,  and  for  more 
than  a  year  attended  school  at  Jubilee  Col- 
lege, founded  by  Bishop  Philander  Chase. 
His  funds  having  been  exhausted,  he  sought 
employment  in  Peoria  as  a  printer,  but  fail- 
ing to  find  it,  took  passage  on  a  baggage 
stage  for  the  growing  city  of  Chicago. 
There  he  obtained  work  as  a  printer  in  the 
office  of  the  "Evening  Journal,"  which  was 
then  published  by  Wilson  and  Geer.  A  lit- 
tle later  he  was  employed  for  a  time  on  the 
"Prairie  Farmer."  In  the  fall  of  1847  he 
began  studying  law  in  the  office  of  Calvin 
De  Wolf,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1848,  forming  a  partnership  with  Carlos 
Haven,  and  soon  after  with  Henry  Snapp. 
From  1850  to  1854  he  was  in  partnership 
with  Andrew  J.  Brown,  with  whom  he  was 
interested  in  the  purchase  and  platting  of  a 
large  tract  of  land  on  the  West  Side  of 
Evanston,  which  has  since  become  one  of 
the  most  attractive  parts  of  that  suburb. 
In  the  summer  of  1854,  he  built  his  home  in 
Evanston,  where  he  lived  continuously  till 
the  day  of  his  death,  an  exemplary,  Indus- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


475 


trious  and  public  spirited  life,  taking  a  vital 
interest  in  all  the  concerns  of  his  home 
town,  of  the  city  in  which  he  worked,  the 
State  and  the  Nation.  No  interests  were 
too  small  or  too  large  to  enlist  his  attention 
and  active  labor.  He  became  the  first 
President  of  the  Evanston  Village  Board 
and  retained  his  active  interest  in  all  its 
steps  of  progress  throughout  his  life. 

JMr.  Hurd  was  an  anti-slavery  man  of  the 
abolitionist  type,  and  took  an  active  part  in 
the  stirring  events  which  took  place  in  Chi- 
cago, both  before  and  after  the  repeal  of 
the  Missouri  Compromise.    He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  convention  which   met  at   Buf- 
falo, N.  Y.,  at  which  a  national  committee 
was    formed   to   aid,   arm   and   protect   the 
Northern  settlers  in  Kansas,  and   was  ap- 
pointed   Secretary   of   its    E.xecutive   Com- 
mittee by  this  convention,  with  headquarters 
at  Chicago.     When  the  Kansas  crop  proved 
a  failure  in  1856,  adding  to  the  strife  of  fac- 
tions,   the    committee    in    New    York    in- 
structed the  Executive  Committee  at  Chi- 
cago to  purchase  the  necessary  seed  for  the 
crop  of   1857,  at  the  same  time  appropri- 
ating $5,000  to  aid  John  Brown  to  organize 
and   equip   the    Free    Soil   settlers    for   the 
purpose    of    protection.     There    were    not 
funds   enough   in   the  treasurer's   hands   to 
meet  both  requirements,  so  he  decided  that 
the  first  requisite  was  seed,  which  was  for- 
warded.    When  John  Brown  called  for  the 
appropriation     the     treasury     was     empty. 
Serious    complaint    was    made    by    Gerritt 
Smith   and   other   martial    friends   of  John 
Brown,  but  the  joy  with  which  the  seed- 
grain    was   hailed   on    its   arrival    at    Law- 
rence, Kans.,  vindicated  the  action  of  Mr. 
Hurd,  and  made  it  possible  for  the  settlers 
to  hold   their  ground,   without  which  their 
cause   would  have  been  lost.     When  John 
Brown  left  Kansas  with  a  price  upon  his 
"head,  he  found  an  asylum  in  the  house  of 
Jolm  Jones,  later  the  colored  Countv  Com- 


missioner of  Cook  County,  who  had  escaped 
from  slavery.  Brown's  clothing  was  in 
tatters,  but  it  was  unsafe  for  him  to  venture 
out  to  the  tailors  to  be  fitted  with  a  new 
suit.  Mr.  Hurd  became  his  proxy  and  was 
measured  for  the  suit,  which  in  due  time 
reached  Brown.  Mr.  Hurd  used  often  to 
refer  to  the  incident  and  the  humor  of  it, 
and  remarked  that  he  was  glad  he  was  not 
in  it  when  John  Brown  was  hung. 

The  firm  of  Booth  &  Hurd  was  formed 
in     1862.     The    Hon.    Henry    Booth    was 
deeply    interested    in    legal    education,    and 
his  partner  likewise  accepted  a  position  as 
lecturer  in  the  Law  School  of  the  old  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago.     In  1868,  the  law  firm 
of  Booth  &  Hurd  was  dissolved  and   Air. 
Hurd  retired  from  private  practice,  accept- 
ing in  i869the  appointment  from  Governor 
Palmer  of  a  place  on  the  Board  of  Com- 
missioners to  revise  and  rewrite  the  General 
Statutes  of  the  State  of  Illinois.     His  col- 
leagues soon  withdrew  from  the  work  and 
he  carried  it  on  alone,  completing  it  with 
the  adjournment  of  the  Twenty-eighth  Gen- 
eral Assembly  in  April,   1874,  and  he  was 
appointed  by  that  body  to  edit  and  supervise 
the  publication  of  a  volume  of  revised  stat- 
utes made  necessary  by  the  adoption  of  the 
Constitution  of  1870.     This  task  he  accom- 
plished so  satisfactorily  that  it  stands  as  a 
monument  to  his  industry  and  skill.     Sev- 
enteen editions  have  since  been  edited  by 
him    following   successive    ses.=ions    of   the 
Legislature,  and  "Hurd's  Statutes"  has  be- 
come  a   household   word   among  the   legal 
profession  of  the  State. 

When  the  Law  School  of  the  Chicago 
University  became  the  Union  College  of 
Law  in  1876,  under  the  joint  supervision 
of  Northwestern  University  and  the  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago,  Mr.  Hurd  continued 
as  a  Professor  in  the  School  and  remained 
for  many  years  after  it  became  exclusivelv 
a  department  of  Northwestern  University, 


476 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


until  he  felt  that  he  could  no  longer  carry 
the  burden  in  addition  to  affairs  which 
taxed  his  declining  strength.  The  deep 
regret  of  his  associates  and  students  that 
was  manifested  at  his  leave-taking  made 
very  apparent  the  large  place  that  he  held 
in  their  esteem.  His  logical  mind  and 
large  acquaintance  with  affairs,  his  geniality 
and  democratic  spirit  made  him  an  ideal 
teacher.  His  interest  in  young  men  and  in 
legal  education  kept  him  fresh  and  young, 
and  imparted  an  element  of  enthusiasm  to 
his  work  that  made  it  a  joy  to  himself  and 
his  pupils.  The  importance  of  the  public 
question  of  drainage,  as  it  pertained  to  the 
city  of  Chicago  and  the  communities  adja- 
cent, early  appealed  to  him  as  to  others  to 
such  an  extent  that  he  has  been  credited  by 
many  with  being  the  father  of  the  system. 
However  that  may  be,  he  was  certainly  the 
author  of  the  plan  creating,  for  the  benefit 
of  the  municipal  district  of  Chicago,  "The 
Chicago  Sanitary  District,"  which  was 
adopted.  He  was  the  author  of  the  first 
bill  introduced  in  the  Legislature  on  the 
subject  in  1886.  When  a  legislative  com- 
mittee was  appointed  to  further  investigate 
the  subject  and  present  a  bill,  such  a  bill 
fashioned  upon  the  Hurd  Bill  was  pre- 
sented by  them  and  passed  in  1877. 

For  a  number  of  years  Mr.  Hurd  was  at 
the  head  of  the  Committee  of  Law  Reform 
of  the  Illinois  State  Bar  Association,  and 
gave  the  subject  the  same  public  spirited 
and  conscientious  care  which  he  was  accus- 
tomed to  bestow  on  all  matters  of  public 
interest.  Many  able  reports  on  this  sub- 
ject emanated  from  his  pen,  among  them 
one  on  the  subject  of  the  transfer  of  land 
titles,  which  resulted  in  the  appointment  of 
a  commission  by  the  State  to  consider  the 
subject.  Mr.  Hurd  was  made  Chairman 
of  the  Commission  which  recommended, 
in  December,  1892,  a  system  of  registering 
land   titles   based   upon    the   Australian   or 


Torrens  system.  In  1897  the  recommenda- 
tions of  this  commission  culminated  in  the 
act  for  the  registration  of  land  titles  which 
is  now  in  our  statutes,  and  which  has  been 
imitated  in  many  other  States  of  the  Union. 
Another  of  his  activities  was  in  connection 
with  the  Children's  Aid  Society  of  Chicago, 
which  grew  out  of  his  earnest  endeavor  to 
protect  the  young  who  were  victims  of 
crime  and  poverty,  and  evil  association  in 
their  tender  years.  He  was  constantly 
calling  attention  to  the  necessity  of  this 
work  in  the  interest  of  the  State,  and  was 
the  sponsor  of  the  Juvenile  Court  Bill, 
which,  under  the  administration  of  such 
Judges  as  Tuthill  and  Mack,  is  working  so 
beneficently  in  the  interest  of  the  youth  of 
Chicago  and  Cook  County  in  the  preven- 
tion of  crime  and  the  saving  of  the  chil- 
dren. 

Not  alone  did  he  lend  his  natural  pow- 
ers, his  wide  observation  and  his  consum- 
mate skill  to  the  formulation  of  legislative 
acts  for  the  numerous  causes  that  enlisted 
his  sympathy,  but  was  constantly  impor- 
tuned for  aid  by  various  causes  seeking 
changes  in  the  interest  of  justice  and  prog- 
ress or  the  public  good,  and  only  those  who 
were  intimately  associated  with  him  can 
realize  the  amount  of  valuable  time  and 
consideration  he  gave  to  these  matters  of 
public  service  without  expectation  of  mate- 
rial reward.  In  all  matters  pertaining  to 
township,  village,  city,  State  and  national 
affairs,  he  was  an  interested  public  spirited 
citizen.  His  home  reflected  his  culture  and 
his  domestic  virtues.  He  was  thrice  mar- 
ried to  lovely  and  cultured  women,  who 
made  the  Hurd  home  in  Evanston  a  syn- 
onym for  refinement  and  taste  and  hospital- 
ity. Two  daughters  survive  him :  Mrs. 
George  S.  Lord,  of  Evanston,  and  Mrs. 
John  A.  Comstock.  His  funeral  was  held 
in  the  Evanston  home  and  memorial  serv- 
ices were  likewise  held  in  the  Emmanuel 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


477 


Methodist  Cliurcli,  to  the  building  of  which 
he  had  generously  contributed.  Judges 
Horton,  Kohlsaat  and  Tuthill  each  spoke 
feelingly  and  appreciatively  of  Mr.  Kurd's 
well  spent  life  in  the  interest  of  the  com- 
munity, and  Dr.  R.  D.  Sheppard  spoke  of 
his  relations  in  the  home  town  where  he 
was  best  known.  It  was  the  universal  tes- 
timony that  a  noble,  useful  and  many-sided 
career  had  closed  with  the  death  of  Mr. 
Hurd,  that  the  life  of  the  State  and  Nation 
had  been  enriched  by  his  living,  and  to  him 
should  be  accorded  the  tribute,  "Well  done, 
good  and  faithful  servant." 


ROBERT  DICKINSON   SHEPPARD. 

Robert  Dickinson  Sheppard,  A.  M., 
D.  D.,  former  Professor  and  present  Trus- 
tee of  Northwestern  University,  was  born 
in  the  city  of  Chicago  July  23,  1846,  the  son 
of  Robert  and  Samantha  (Dickinson) 
Sheppard.  The  father  was  a  native  of 
Dundee,  Scotland,  who  came  to  America 
in  1830,  locating  first  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y., 
whence  five  years  later  he  came  to  Chicago, 
where  he  became  a  building  contractor  and 
later  engaged  in  the  lumber  business.  Rob- 
ert Sheppard,  Sr.,  was  an  early  Methodist 
and  erected  the  first  brick  building  occu- 
pied by  the  First  M.  E.  Church  on  the  site 
of  the  present  Clark  Street  church.  His 
wife,  Samantha  (Dickinson)  Sheppard. 
mother  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was 
born  in  Granby,  Hampshire  County,  Mass- 
achusetts, the  daughter  of  Zenas  Dickinson, 
who  came  to  Chicago  in  1833,  where  the 
daughter  was  a  pioneer  teacher. 

The  son,  Robert  D..  was  educated  in  the 
Foster  School,  the  Chicago  High  School, 
the  Northwestern  University  and  the  old 
University  of  Chicago,  graduating  from  the 
latter  in  1869.  At  an  early  period  he 
formed  the  purpose  to  qualify  himself  for 


the  ministry,  and  accordingly  devoted  much 
of  the  time  during  his  college  vacations  to 
the  study  of  theology.  As  a  consequence  it 
was  necessary  for  him  to  spend  only  one 
year  at  the  Garrett  Biblical  Institute  to 
complete  his  theological  course,  receiving 
his  certificate  of  graduation  from  the  Insti- 
tute in  1870,  when  he  was  immediately  ad- 
mitted to  membership  in  the  Rock  River 
Conference  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church.  His  first  charge  after  entering  the 
ministry  was  as  pastor  of  the  Michigan  Ave- 
nue Church,  Chicago,  with  which  he  was 
connected  for  a  period  of  three  years, 
which  was  the  full  limit  at  that  time.  His 
second  charge  was  in  connection  with  the 
Third  Street  Church  at  Rockford,  111.,  after 
which  he  spent  three  years  (1874-77)  as 
pastor  of  the  Western  Avenue  M.  E. 
Church,  Chicago.  In  the  fall  of  1877  he 
went  abroad  and  spent  the  following  year 
in  travel,  visiting  Italy,  Greece.  Palestine, 
Asia  Minor  and  Egypt,  with  a  view  to  ex- 
tending his  acquaintance  with  countries  and 
peoples  connected  with  Biblical  history,  be- 
sides devoting  six  months  to  study  in  Ger- 
many. On  his  return  to  Chicago  in  1878 
he  was  appointed  pastor  of  the  Grace  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church,  Chicago,  where  he 
remained  three  years,  when  he  became  pas- 
tor of  the  First  Church  at  Aurora,  111.,  re- 
maining there  a  like  period  when  he  re- 
turned to  Grace  Church.  Three  years  after 
graduating  at  the  University  of  Chicago, 
he  received  from  that  institution  the  degree 
of  A.  M.,  in  course,  and  in  1875  received 
an  honorary  degree  of  the  same  rank  from 
the  Northwestern  University.  Mr.  Shep- 
pard's  official  connection  with  the  latter  in- 
stitution began  in  1878,  when  he  became 
one  of  its  Trustees,  in  1884  accepting  a  sim- 
ilar relation  with  the  Garrett  Biblical  Insti- 
tute, which  he  has  retained  up  to  the  present 
time.  In  1884  he  was  elected  by  unanimous 
vote  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  North- 


478 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


western  University  to  the  chair  of  History 
and  Political  Economy  in  that  institution, 
and  was  immediately  granted  one  year's 
leave  of  absence,  which  he  utilized  for 
travel  and  study  abroad.  Returning  at  the 
end  of  the  year,  he  entered  upon  his  studies, 
which  he  continued  to  discharge  in  full 
until  the  burden  of  care  in  the  business 
office  of  the  University  made  it  necessary 
for  him  to  share  some  of  his  professional 
work  with  his  colleagues.  In  1892  he  was 
elected  Treasurer  and  Business  Manager 
of  the  University,  resigning  this  position  in 
1904,  with  the  intention  of  resuming  his 
work  in  history  after  a  vacation  granted 
him  by  the  Trustees.  Excepting  the  Pres- 
ident, no  one  has  occupied  a  more  prom- 
inent and  responsible  position  in  connection 
with  the  material  growth  of  Northwestern 
University  than  Dr.  Sheppard,  and  his  fit- 
ness has  been  demonstrated  by  his  long 
connection  therewith  and  the  confidence 
manifested  in  him  by  the  Trustees  and 
friends  of  the  institution.  After  an  active 
professional  experience  of  over  thirty-five 
years, ofwhich  more  than  twentyyears  has 
been  spent  in  connection  with  the  North- 
western University,  Dr.  Sheppard  is  still 
in  the  midst  of  a  successful  career  with 
apparently  many  years  of  usefulness  before 
him. 

Dr.  Sheppard  was  married  on  June  13, 
1872,  to  Miss  Virginia  Loring,  a  daughter 
of  Nahum  Loring,  who  settled  at  Naper- 
ville.  111.,  at  an  early  day,  antl  there  estab- 
lished a  mercantile  business  at  a  time  when 
that  place  was  considered,  in  a  certain  sense, 
a  rival  of  Chicago.  Four  children  have 
been  the  result  of  this  union,  namely :  Rob- 
ert Loring,  Margarethe,  Virginia  and  Dor- 
othea, all  of  whom  are  living. 


FRANCES  E.  WILLARD. 

(By  MRS.  L.  M.  N.  SI  EVENS,  President  National  \V.  C.  T.  U.> 

Frances  E.  Willard  was  born  of  New 
England  ancestry  in  Churchville,  N.  Y.. 
September  28,  1839,  reared  in  Wisconsin 
and  educated  at  the  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity, Evanston,  which  was  the  family  home 
for  well-nigh  forty  years.  Here,  beginning 
as  a  teacher  in  the  public  schools.  Miss 
Willard,  by  what  she  liked  to  call  "honest 
hard  work,"  achieved  the  position  of  Dean 
of  the  Woman's  Department  of  the  Uni- 
versity, and  Professor  of  Rhetoric  in  a  fac- 
ulty otherwise  composed  of  men,  nearly  all 
of  whom  had  been  graduated  from  Euro- 
pean universities.  She  studied  abroad  two 
years  or  more  (from  1868  to  1870),  French, 
German,  Italian,  history  and  the  fine  arts 
being  the  subjects  to  which  her  attention 
was  devoted.  It  was  her  ambition  to  be  a 
literary  woman  in  connection  with  her  work 
as  a  college  professor.  She  was  perhaps 
more  celebrated  for  her  method  of  school 
government  than  for  any  other  one  thing  at 
this  time.  She  organized  what  amounted 
to  a  senate  and  a  house  of  representatives 
of  the  young  women  in  the  college,  and 
practically  placed  their  government  in  their 
own  hands.  This  method  worked  so  well 
for  the  good  order  of  the  institution  and 
for  the  development  of  a  high  standard  of 
honor  among  the  young  women  students, 
that  it  has  since  been  introduced  into 
many  colleges  and  public  schools. 

In  1862  Miss  Willard  wrote  her  first 
book,  "Nineteen  Beautiful  Years,"  which 
was  published  by  the  Harper  Brothers,  with 
an  introduction  by  the  poet  Whittier,  and 
since  has  been  translated  into  several  lan- 
guages. She  also  wrote  "How  to  Win,"  a 
book  for  girls ;  "Woman  and  Temperance," 
a  history  of  the  Woman's  Christian  Tem- 
perance Union ;  "A  Classic  Town,''  a  his- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


479 


tory  of  the  beautiful  university  town  of 
Evanston ;  "A  Young  Woman  Journalist," 
intended  to  inspire  young  women  to  take 
up  a  profession  in  which  Miss  Willard  her- 
self had  been  engaged  for  many  years. 
"Glimpses  of  Fifty  Years,"  her  autobiog- 
raphy, of  which  50,000  copies  have  been 
sold,  was  written  in  1889  by  request  of  the 
National  Woman's  Christian  Temperance 
Union.  "A  Great  Mother"  is,  perhaps,  her 
best  book,  containing  as  it  does  the  theory 
and  practice  of  bringing  up  children  accord- 
ing to  her  mother's  plan ;  and  Madam  Wil- 
lard was,  in  the  estimation  of  everyone  who 
knew  her,  a  truly  "Great  Mother."  Miss 
Willard's  hand-book  for  the  world's  white 
ribboners.  entitled  "Do  Everything,"  is 
packed  full  of  hints  and  helps  for  local 
workers.  She  also  wrote  "Woman  in  the 
Pulpit"  and  "How  I  Learned  to  Ride  the 
Bicycle." 

In  1883  Miss  Willard  and  Miss  Anna 
Gordon  made  a  temperance  organization 
trip,  visiting  each  of  the  States  and  Terri- 
tories of  the  United  States,  traveling  30.000 
miles  or  more,  from  Puget  Sound  to  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico.  Such  a  trip  had  never 
before  been  made  by  man  or  woman  in  any 
cause,  so  far  as  we  know.  In  the  same  year 
Miss  Willard  founded  the  World's  Wom- 
an's Christian  Temperance  Union,  of  which 
she  became  President,  and  which  has  made 
the  White  Ribbon  Society  known  in  every 
English  speaking  country  of  the  globe. 

In  1892  Miss  Willard  and  Miss  Gordon 
went  to  England  by  invitation  of  Lady 
Henry  Somerset,  their  devoted  friend,  who 
then  led  the  movement  in  Great  Britain. 
There  they  helped  to  develop  white  ribbon 
methods  and  to  edit  the  English  white  rib- 
bon paper.  Editions  of  several  of  Miss 
Willard's  books  were  brought  out  about 
this  time,  thus  making  her  known  to  the 
reading  public  in  the  mother  country.  A 
great  reception  was  tendered  her  in  Exeter 


Hall,  which  was  participated  in  by  fifty 
philanthropic  societies  of  London,  with  such 
speakers  as  Canon  Wilberforce,  Lady 
Henry  Somerset,  Mrs.  Ormiston  Chant,. 
William  T.  Stead,  Rev.  Hugh  Price 
Hughes,  Rev.  Mark  Guy  Pearce  and  sev- 
eral members  of  Parliament. 

They  returned  to  America  from  this  visit 
in  the  summer  of  1894,  Lady  Henry  Som- 
erset coming  with  them.  In  March,  1895, 
they  again  went  to  England.  Miss  Willard 
and  Miss  Gordon  returned  to  the  United 
States  in  time  for  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U. 
Convention,  held  that  year  in  Baltimore. 
In  April,  1896,  Miss  Willard  made  her  last 
voyage  to  England,  accompanied  by  Miss- 
Gordon,  and  it  was  in  the  autumn  of  thiy 
year  that  she  and  Lady  Henry  did  their 
notable  work  for  the  Armenian  refugees  at 
Marseilles,  her  interest  in  their  welfare 
never  waning.  She  reached  her  native  lanJ 
in  October,  1896,  spent  the  following  winter 
in  Castile,  N.  Y.,  and  the  last  summer  of 
her  life  was  spent  in  New  England.  In 
October,  1897,  Miss  Willard  presided  over 
the  World's  W.  C.  T.  U.  Convention,  helcf 
in  Toronto,  Canada.  Her  address  as  Pres- 
ident of  that  convention  was  pronounced  tO' 
be  one  of  the  finest,  most  powerful  and  elo- 
quent that  she  had  ever  delivered.  A  few 
days  later  she  presided  over  the  National' 
Convention  at  BufTalo,  N.  Y. 

Miss  Willard  originated  the  "Polyglot" 
Petition  addressed  to  all  the  Governments 
of  the  world,  praying  for  the  prohibition  of 
the  liquor  trafificandtheopiumtrade,  which, 
with  seven  million  names  and  attestations 
of  great  societies,  was  presented  to  the 
President  of  the  United  States  in  February, 
1895.  and  in  London  before  an  audience  of 
ten  thousand  people  in  June,  1895.  In 
April,  1898,  the  petition  was  presented  to 
the  Dominion  of  Canada  at  a  great  meeting 
in  Ottawa,  arranged  by  the  Canadian  W. 
C.  T.  U.,  when  it  w-as  received  on  behalf 


48o 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


of  the  Canadian  Government  by  the  Pre- 
mier, Sir  Wilfred  Laurier.  Miss  Willard's 
active  interest  on  behalf  of  social  purity, 
labor  reform  and  woman  suffrage  was  in 
consistent  accord  with  her  belief  in  the  "do 
everything"  policy  of  dealing  with  the  great 
problem  of  the  day. 

In  1894  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.  D. 
was  conferred  upon  Miss  Willard  by  the 
Ohio  Wesleyan  University. 

How  Miss  Willard  Came  Into  the  Work 
of  the   W.   C.  T.   U. 

Miss  Willard  has  repeatedly  said  that, 
when  the  Crusade  came,  in  1873.  she  as  well 
as  her  mother,  became  absorbingly  inter- 
ested in  it.  Miss  Willard  resigned  the  pres- 
idency of  the  Woman's  College  and  her  pro- 
fessorship in  the  University  in  June.  1874. 
Attractive  positions  at  the  head  of  educa- 
tional institutions  were  offered  her,  but  she 
felt  more  and  more  drawn  to  the  women  of 
the  "Crusade."  She  was  not  in  Chautauqua 
when  the  preliminary  committee  for  organ- 
ized work  was  formed,  but  was  at  that  time 
in  Maine,  consulting  with  Keal  Dow,  and 
in  Boston,  consulting  with  Dr.  Dio  Lewis. 
Meantime  she  wrote  to  Bishop  Simpson, 
who  had  been  an  honored  friend  of  her 
family  for  years :  also  to  Mrs.  Mary  A. 
Livermore,  whom  she  and  her  mother 
greatly  admired,  and  to  other  leaders,  as 
well  as  to  her  own  family,  friends  and  rel- 
atives, not  one  of  whom  sent  her  a  favor- 
able reply  except  Mrs.  Livermore,  who 
encouraged  her,  telling  her  by  all  means  to 
follow  her  leadings.  Miss  Willard's  res- 
olution to  join  the  crusade  movement  was 
taken  independently.  One  morning  in 
August,  1874,  there  came  to  her  a  letter 
from  Mrs.  Louise  S.  Rounds,  who  had  led 
the  crusade  movement  in  Chicago  during 
the  winter,  asking  her  if  she  would  come  to 
Chicago  and  act  as  President  of  the  local 
W.  C.  T.  U.     Thev  were  a  weak  band  of 


middle-aged  women  without  financial  re- 
sources, and  Mrs.  Rounds  wrote  Miss  Wil- 
lard that  they  could  offer  her  no  salary. 
()n  the  same  day  that  this  letter  reached  her 
at  Cambridge,  Mass.,  Miss  Willard  received 
a  definite  offer  from  the  principal  of  a 
ladies"  school  in  New  York  City,  near  Cen- 
tral Park,  offering  her  $2,500  a  year  if  she 
would  act  as  preceptress,  teaching  as  little 
or  as  much  as  she  pleased,  but  exercising  a 
helpful  influence  over  the  young  ladies  and 
among  the  patrons.  She  was  entirely  with- 
out income,  and  had  not  laid  up  a  penny,  as 
those  \\ho  knew  her  do  not  need  to  be  told. 
Her  mother  was  advancing  in  years,  and 
Miss  Willard  was  her  only  support.  The 
crusade  movement  had  passed  away  and 
there  seemed  to  be  a  lull  in  the  work.  Yet 
so  profound  was  the  impression  that  God 
called  her  to  the  work  of  the  Woman's 
Christian  Temperance  Union,  that  she  at 
once  wrote  to  New  York  declining  Dr. 
Van  Norman's  offer,  and  to  Mrs.  Rounds, 
accepting  the  position  of  President  of  the 
W.  C.  T.  U.  of  Chicago,  entering  upon  its 
duties  a  few  weeks  later. 

At  the  organizing  convention  of  The 
National  W'oman's  Christian  Temper- 
ance Union,  held  in  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  November,  1874,  ]\Iiss  Willard 
was  elected  Corresponding  Secretary 
of  the  organization,  which  position 
she  held  until  she  was  elected  President 
at  the  Indianapolis  Convention  in  1879. 
She  was  re-elected  as  President  each  year, 
holding  that  position  at  the  time  she  passed 
away.  Miss  Willard  was  the  founder  of 
the  World's  Woman's  Christian  Temper- 
ance L'nion,  which  was  organized  in  1883, 
and  was  its  first  and  only  President  during 
her  lifetime.  Lady  Henry  Somerset,  who 
was  Mce-President.  succeeded  Miss  Willard 
in  the  Presidency  and  still  holds  that  office, 
having  been  re-elected  at  the  sixth  biennial 
convention  held  at  Geneva,  Switzerland,  in 


I 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


481 


1902.  This  society  is  composed  of  National 
Unions  organized  in  over  fifty  nations. 
The  other  officers  are:  Mrs.  LilHan  M.  M. 
Stevens,  Vice-President,  who  is  also  Pres- 
ident of  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U.  of  the 
United  States;  Miss  Anna  A.  Gordon,  one 
of  the  Secretaries  and  also  Vice-President- 
at-large  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  of  the  United 
States ;  Miss  Agnes  Slack  of  England  the 
other  Secretary;  and  Mrs.  Sanderson,  of 
Canada,  Treasurer. 

]\Iany  memorials  have  been  erected  in 
many  places  in  honor  of  Miss  Willard.  The 
National  Woman's  Christian  Temperance 
Union  decided  that  its  most  fitting  memorial 
would  be  to  extend  and  perpetuate  the  work 
to  which  she  gave  her  life.  For  this  pur- 
pose, contributions  to  the  Frances  E.  Wil- 
lard Memorial  Organization  Fund  are  made 
each  year,  and  the  society  is  constantly 
gaining  in  membership  and  influence. 

Miss  Willard's  home  State  of  Illinois, 
through  the  action  of  its  Legislature,  has 
placed  a  statue  of  Miss  Willard  in  the  Hall 
of  Fame  in  the  United  States  Capitol  Build- 
ing at  Washington,  D.  C.  Miss  Willard  is 
the  first  woman  to  be  thus  honored.  On 
occasion  of  the  acceptance  of  this  statue 
by  the  United  States  Congress,  on  February 
17,  1905,  memorable  addresses  were  made 
by  Senators  Cullom  and  Hopkins  of  Illi- 
nois, Beveridge  of  Indiana  and  Dolliver  of 
Iowa.  In  the  House,  Representatives  Foss, 
Graff  and  Rainey,  of  Illinois ;  Littlefield,  of 
Maine,  and  Brooks,  of  Colorado,  also  deliv- 
ered notable  addresses. 

These  addresses  were  fitting  eulogies  of 
the  great  good  woman  who  had  the  heart 
and  mind  of  Christ  in  her  yearning  love  for 
humanity.  At  the  hour  of  unveiling  the 
statue,  thousands  of  little  people  paid  the 
tribute  of  childhood,  as  each  one  placed  a 
flower  at  the  foot  of  the  statue. 


"Stand,  radiant  soul, 
Here  in  the  center  of  our  nation's  heart. 
Forever  of  its  best  life  thon'rt  a  part; 
Here  thou  shall  draw  thy  land  to  what  thou  art. 

Stand,   radiant   soul." 

A  commemorative  meeting  was  held  in 
the  evening,  at  which  forty-three  States 
were  represented  by  speeches,  messages  or 
telegrams.  Miss  Willard  will  live  on  and 
on  in  the  hearts  of  multitudes  of  grateful 
men  and  women,  who,  with  desires  like  her 
own,  are  working  to  redeem  our  country 
from  the  curse  of  impurity  and  intemper- 
ance. 

The  following  tribute  to  Miss  Willard, 
as  the  type  of  "The  American  Woman," 
was  delivered  in  the  United  States  Senate 
by  Senator  Albert  J.  Beveridge,  of  Indiana, 
on  the  occasion  of  the  unveiling  of  the  Wil- 
lard statue  in  W'ashington,  above  referred 
to: 

Mr.  President :  From  the  beginning  woman 
has  personified  the  world's  ideals.  When  history 
began  its  record  it  found  her  already  the  chosen 
bride  of  Art.  The  things  that  minister  to  man- 
kind's good  have,  from  the  very  first,  by  the 
general  judgment,  been  made  feminine — the  ships 
that  bear  us  through  storm  to  port ;  the  seasons 
that  bring  variety,  surcease  of  toil  and  life's  re- 
newal; the  earth  itself,  which,  through  all  time 
and  in  all  speech,  has  been  the  luiiversal  mother. 
The  Graces  were  women,  and  the  Muses,  too. 
Always  her  influence  has  glorified  the  world, 
until  her  beatitude  becomes  divine  in  Mary, 
Mother  of  God. 

Mark  how  the  noblest  conceptions  of  the  hu- 
man mind  have  always  been  presented  in  form 
of  woman.  Take  Liberty;  take  Justice;  take  all 
the  holy  aspirations,  all  the  sacred  realitii^s. 
Each  glorious  ideal  has,  to  the  common  thought, 
been  feminine.  The  sculptors  of  the  olden  time 
made  every  immortal  idea  a  daughter  of  the  gods. 
Even  Wisdom  was  a  woman  in  the  early  concept 
of  the  race,  and  the  unknown  genius  of  the 
youthful  world  wrought  Triumph  itself  into  wo- 
man's form  in  that  masterpiece  of  all  the  ages — 
The  Winged  Victory.  Over  the  lives  and  destinies 
of  men  the  ancients  placed  Clotho,  Lachesis,  and 
.'Vtrophos,  forever  spinning,  twisting,  severing  the 
strands  of  human  fate. 

In  literature  of  all  time  woman  has  been  Mer- 
cy's messenger,  handmaid  of  tenderness,  creator 
and  preserver  of  human  happiness.  Name  Shake- 
speare— Miranda  and  Imogen,  Rosalind,  Perdita 
and  Cordelia  appear;  name  Burns — the  prayer 
"To  Mary  in  Heaven"  gives  to  the  general  heart 
that    touch    of    nature    which    makes    the    whole 


482 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


world  kin ;  name  the  Book  of  Books — Rachel  and 
the  women  of  the  Bible,  in  beauty,  walk  before 
us,  and,  in  the  words  of  Ruth,  we  hear  the  ulti- 
mate formula  of  woman's  eternal  fidelity  and 
faith. 

So  we  see  that,  through  all  time,  woman  has 
typified  the  true,  the  beautiful,  and  the  good  on 
earth.  And  now  Illinois,  near  the  very  heart  of 
the  world's  great  Republic  and  at  the  dawn  of 
the  twentieth  century,  cliooses  woman  herself  as 
the  ideal  of  that  Commonwealth  and  of  this 
period ;  for  the  character  of  Frances  E.  Willard 
is   womanhood's  apotheosis. 

And  she  was  American.  She  was  the  child  of 
our  American  prairies,  daughter  of  an  American 
home.  And  so  she  had  strength  and  gentleness, 
simplicity  and  vision.  Not  from  the  complex 
lives  that  wealth  and  luxury  force  upon  their 
unfortunate  children ;  not  from  the  sharpening 
and  hardening  process  of  the  city's  social  and 
business  grind ;  not  from  any  of  civilization's 
artificialities,  come  those  whom  God  appoints  to 
lead   mankind   toward   the  light. 

Moses  dwelt  alone  on  the  summit  of  mystery 
and  human  solitude.  The  Master  abode  in  the 
wilderness,  and  there  the  power  descended  on 
Him  with  which  He  put  aside  the  tempter.  In 
the  forests  the  Father  of  our  Country  learned 
Liberty's  lessons  from  Nature,  Liberty's  mother, 
and  from  the  valleys  and  the  heights,  the  fields 
and  pouring  streams,  got  understanding  of  the 
possibilities  of  this  land,  a  knowledge  of  its  uses, 
a  perception  of  its  people's  destiny.  We  cannot 
imagine  Abraham  Lincoln  coming  to  us  from  a 
palace.  No !  We  can  understand  him  only  as 
he  really  was — man  of  the  people  and  the  soil, 
thinking  with  the  people's  mind  the  grand  and 
simple  truths,  feeling  with  the  people's  heart  an 
infinite  compassion  for  and  fellowship  with  all 
the  race. 

So,  Mr.  President,  all  the  saints  and  heroes  of 
this  world  have  come,  fresh  and  strong  from  the 
source  of  things,  by  abuses  unspoiled  and  un- 
weakened  by  false  refinements.  And  so  came 
Frances  E.  Willard,  the  American  woman.  The 
wide,  free  fields  were  the  playgrounds  of  her 
childhood.  The  great  primeval  woods  impressed 
her  unfolding  soul  with  their  vast  and  vital  calm- 
ness. Association  with  her  neighbors  was  scant 
and  difficult,  and  home  meant  to  her  all  that  the 
poets  have  sung  of  it,  and  more.  It  was  a  refuge 
and  a  shrine,  a  dwelling  and  a  place  of  joy,  a 
spot  where  peace  and  love  and  safety  and  all 
unselfishness  reigned  with  a  sovereignty  un- 
challenged. And  so  this  child  of  our  forests  and 
our  plains,  this  daughter  of  that  finest  of  civiliza- 
tion's advance  guard — the  American  pioneers — 
early  received  into  her  very  soul  that  conception 
of  the  home  to  which,  as  the  apostle  of  universal 
womanhood,  her  whole  life  was  dedicated. 

To  make  the  homes  of  the  millions  pure,  to 
render  sweet  and  strong  those  human  relations 
which  constitute  the  family — this  was  her  mis- 
sion and  her  work.  And  there  cannot  be  a 
wiser  method  of  mankind's  upliftment  than  this — 
no  better  way  to  make  a  nation  noble  and  en- 
during; for  the  hearthstone  is  the  foundation 
whereon   the    state   is   built.     The    familv   is   the 


social  and  natural  unit.  Spencer  wrote  learnedly 
of  "the  individual  and  the  state;"  but  he  wrote 
words  merely.  Tlie  individual  is  not  the  im- 
portant factor  in  nature  or  the  nation.  Nature 
destroys  the  individual.  Nature  cares  only  for 
the  pair ;  knows  in  some  form  nothing  but  the 
family.  And  so,  by  the  deep  reasoning  of  nature 
itself,   Frances   Willard's  work  was  justified. 

But  hers  was  no  philosopher's  creed.  She  got 
her  inspiration  from  a  higher  source  than  human 
thinking.  In  her  life's  work  we  see  restored  to 
earth  that  faith  which,  whenever  man  has  let  it 
work  its  miracle  has  wrought  victory  here  and 
immortality  hereafter.  Such  was  the  faith  of 
Joan,  the  inspired  maid  of  France;  such  that  of 
Columbus,  sailing  westward  through  the  dark; 
such  the  exalted  belief  of  those  good  missionaries 
who  first  invaded  our  American  wilderness  to 
light,  with  their  own  lives  on  civilization's  altar, 
the  sacred  fire  that  never  dies.  The  story  of 
Frances  Willard's  faith  in  the  conquest  of  evil 
by  the  good  seems  incredible  to  us  who  demand 
a  map  of  all  our  future  before  we  take  a  step. 

For  Frances  E.  Willard  knew  no  questioning. 
The  Master's  message  was  at  once  her  guar- 
anty and  her  command.  The  Bible  was  to  her, 
in  very  truth,  divine.  What  immeasurable  and 
increasing  influence  that  one  book  has  wielded 
over  the  minds  of  men  and  the  destiny  of  the 
world!  If  it  be  the  word  of  God,  as  we 
profoundly  believe,  surely  it  conies  to  human 
ears  with  all  the  dignity  and  peace  and  power 
that  His  word  should  command.  If  it  be  the 
word  of  man.  then  even  the  doubter  must  admit 
that  the  ancient  Hebrews  had  miraculous  skill 
to  cast  a  spell  across  millenniums  which, 
strengthening  with  the  years,  spreads  wider 
today  than  ever  and  embraces  the  future  as  far 
as  even  the  eye  of  imagination  can  behold.  Not 
all  invention,  or  all  statesmanship,  or  all  of  litera- 
ture have  so  touched  and  bettered  human  life  as 
this  one  book.  And  it  was  the  Bible  that  gave 
Frances  E.  Willard  her  mission,  her  strength, 
her  hope,  her  argument  and  her  inspiration. 

Thus  prepared  and  thus  equipped  she  went 
out  into  the  world  and  to  her  work.  No  method 
can  measure  what  she  did.  The  half  million  of 
women  whom  she  brought  into  organized  co-op- 
eration in  the  Women's  Christian  Temperance 
Union,  is  but  a  suggestion  of  the  real  results  of 
her  activities.  Indeed,  the  highest  benefits  her 
life  bestowed  were  as  intangible  as  air  and  as  full 
of  life.  She  made  purer  the  moral  atmosphere 
of  a  continent — almost  of  a  world.  She  rendered 
the  life  of  a  nation  cleaner,  the  mind  of  a  people 
saner.  Millions  of  homes  today  are  happier  for 
her;  millions  of  wives  and  mothers  bless  her; 
and  countless  children  liave  grown  into  strong, 
upright  and  beautiful  maturity,  who,  but  for  the 
work  of  Frances  E.  Willard,  might  have  been 
forever   soiled  and   weakened. 

Mother  of  all  mothers,  sister  of  all  wives,  to 
every  child  tlie  lover,  Frances  E.  Willard  sacri- 
ficed her  own  life  to  the  happiness  of  her  sisters. 
For  after  all,  she  knew  that,  with  all  her  gifts 
and  all  the  halo  of  her  God-sent  mission,  never- 
theless the  humblest  mother  was  yet  greater  far 
than  she.      But  it  was  needful  that  she  should  so 


I 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


483 


consecrate  her  strength  and  length  of  years.  For 
how  shall  the  service  of  utter  unselfishness  be 
achieved  save  in  the  utter  sacrifice  of  self?  So 
Frances  E.  Willard  gave  up  her  life  and  all  the 
rights  and  glories  of  it,  that  all  of  her  sisters 
might  lead  fuller,  richer,  happier,  sweeter  lives 
themselves. 

So,  Mr.  President,  by  placing  her  statue  in  the 
hall  of  our  national  immortals,  a  great  common- 
wealth today  forever  commemorates  the  services 
of  this  American  woman  to  all  humanity.  And 
the  representatives  of  the  American  people — the 
greatest  people  in  this  world — in  Congress  for- 
mally assembled,  today  are  paying  tribute  to  the 
little  frontier  American  maid  who  heard  and 
heeded  the  voices  that  came  to  her  from  the 
unseen  world,  and,  obeying  their  counsels,  be- 
came the  first  woman  of  her  generation,  the  most 
beloved  character  of  her  time,  and,  under  God, 
a  benefactress  of  her   race. 


WILLIAM  DEERING. 

William  Deeriiig,  merchant  and  manu- 
facturer, was  born  at  Paris,  Oxford  County, 
Maine,  April  24,  1826.  His  parents  were 
James  and  Eliza  (Moore)  Deering.  His 
ancestors  emigrated  from  England  in 
1634,  and,  in  all  of  the  histories  of  New 
England  from  that  time,  the  name  of  Deer- 
ing finds  most  honorable  mention.  Wil- 
liam Deering's  boyhood  was  much  the  same 
as  that  of  other  boys  reared  by  earnest 
Christian  parents.  His  scholastic  educa- 
tion consisted  of  the  full  and  regular  course 
of  studies  in  vogue  at  that  time  in  the  co:n- 
mon  and  graded  schools,  and  was  finished 
in  the  high  school  at  Redfield,  Maine,  in 
1843.  While  yet  in  his  early  manhood  he 
occupied  the  position  of  manager  of  a 
woolen  mill  in  Maine,  discharging  every 
trust  reposed  in  him  to  the  eminent  satisfac- 
tion of  his  employers.  After  the  termina- 
tion of  his  labors  there  he  engaged  in  vari- 
ous business  enterprises,  to  which  is  largely 
due  his  marked  genius  for  handling  large 
manufacturing  details.  His  greatest  achieve- 
ment has  been  the  building  up  of  the  works 
of  William  Deering  &  Company,  for  the 
manufacture  of  harvesters  and  agricultural 
machinery.     The  firm  was  founded  in  1870, 


the  name  being  changed  in  1894  to  the 
Deering  Harvester  Company,  but  is  now 
the  "National  Harvester  Company,"  in 
which  Mr.  Deering  holds  the  controlling 
interest.  The  works  are  now  located  in 
Fullerton  Avenue,  along  the  line  of  the  Chi- 
cago &  Northwestern  Railroad,  with  docks 
on  the  North  Branch  of  the  Chicago  River. 
At  the  present  time  eighty-five  acres  are 
occupied  by  the  plant,  which  is  compactly 
arranged.  The  works  comprise  large  wood- 
working shops,  knife  and  section  shops, 
machine  and  blacksmith  shops,  bolt  and 
rivet  works,  a  foundry,  a  large  malleable 
iron  plant,  and  an  extensive  twine  plant. 
The  works  consume  annually  45,000  tons  of 
steel  and  a  like  quantity  of  pig  iron,  com- 
prising both  Northern  and  Southern  coke- 
iron.  Some  72,000  tons  of  coal  and  coke 
are  annually  consumed,  4,817,750  gallons  of 
oil  and  31,000,000  feet  of  lumber. 

The  force  employed  in  the  shops  is  usu- 
ally 7,000  hands,  and  many  of  the  depart- 
ments work  with  regular  night  shifts,  the 
establishinent  operating  its  own  electric 
light  plant,  which  gives  it  facilities  for  pro- 
ducing a  larger  nuinber  of  machines  of  all 
kinds  than  any  other  harvester  company  in 
the  world.  It  receives  a  part  of  its  raw 
material  from  many  foreign  countries,  in- 
cluding the  Philippines,  and  distributes  its 
products  all  over  the  globe.  The  sales  de- 
partment embraces  fifty-eight  branch  houses 
and  general  agencies,  and  the  sales  extend 
over  Europe,  Australia,  New  Zealand  and 
South  America.  Mr.  Deering,  the  founder 
of  this  immense  plant,  continues  actively 
identified  with  its  operations,  ably  assisted 
by  his  two  sons,  Charles  and  James. 

Mr.  Deering  has  been  twice  married.  His 
first  wife  was  Miss  Abby  Barbour,  of 
Maine,  daughter  of  Charles  and  Joanna 
(Cobb)  Barbour,  to  whom  he  was  married 
October  31,  1849.  O^  this  union  there  was 
one  child,  Charles,  born  in  1852,  now  Sec- 


484 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


retary  of  the  Deering  Harvester  Company. 
The  second  marriage,  on  December  15, 
1857,  was  to  Miss  Clara  Hamilton,  of 
Maine,  daughter  of  Charles  and  Mary 
(Barbour)  Hamilton.  The  issue  was  two 
children,  James  and  Abby  Marion,  born  in 
Maine — the  former  in  1859,  and  the  latter 
1867.  James  Deering  is  the  present  Treas- 
urer of  the  Deering  Harvester  Company. 
William  Deering  removed  with  his  family 
to  Evanston,  111.,  in  1873,  where  he  now 
resides  in  his  beautiful  home.  He  is  lib- 
eral, public-spirited  and  benevolent,  and  his 
business  career  has  been  noteworthy  from 
the  absence  of  controversies  with  his  em- 
ployes. He  has  been,  for  a  number  of 
years,  one  of  the  Trustees  of  the  North- 
western University  at  Evanston.  He  is  also 
a  Director  and  stockholder  in  several  finan- 
cial institutions.  One  of  his  latest  acts  of 
beneficence  was  the  giving  of  Fisk  Hall  to 
the  Northwestern  University. 


CHARLES  COMSTOCK. 

Charles  Comstock  (deceased),  for  over 
thirty  years  a  prominent  citizen  of  Evans- 
ton, 111.,  and  during  his  business  career,  a 
leading  member  of  the  Chicago  Board  of 
Trade,  was  born  in  Camden,  N.  Y.,  May  7. 
1814,  and  spent  his  early  life  in  the  cen- 
tral portion  of  his  native  State.  In  1861  he 
came  to  Chicago  as  the  Western  Agent  of 
the  Onondaga  Salt  Company,  of  which  he 
was  a  stockholder,  and  at  once  located  at 
Evanston,  which  continued  to  be  his  res- 
idence for  the  remainder  of  his  life,  cover- 
ing a  period  of  thirty-four  years.  Soon 
after  coming  to  Chicago  he  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Chicago  Board  of  Trade  and,  at 
the  time  of  his  death  in  September,  1895, 
was,  with  one  single  exception,  the  oldest 
in  continuous  membership  connected  with 
that  organization. 


As  a  business  man  Mr.  Comstock  was 
noted  through  his  life  for  his  energy  and 
aggressive  character,  occupied  with  rare 
business  judgment  and  a  public  spirit  that 
tended  to  promote  the  interest  of  the  city 
and  any  enterprise  with  which  he  might  be 
connected.  Always  possessed  of  ample 
means,  he  contributed  liberally  to  the  sup- 
port of  religious  and  benevolent  enter- 
prises, and  was  a  leading  factor  in  the 
founding  of  St.  Mark's  Episcopal  Church 
in  Evanston  in  1865,  of  which  he  was  a 
generous  supporter  and  which  he  served  as 
Senior  Warden  continuously  for  thirty-one 
years.  For  five  years  he  acted  as  President 
of  the  Traders'  Insurance  Company,  in 
which  he  retained  a  large  interest,  besides 
being  interested  in  several  leading  banks  of 
Chicago.  On  account  of  age  and  failing 
health  he  was  practically  retired  from  active 
business  during  the  latter  years  of  his  life, 
but  always  maintained  a  deep  interest  in 
business  affairs  and  in  operations  on  the 
Board  of  Trade.  The  late  Judge  George 
F.  Comstock,  of  the  New  York  Court  of 
Appeals,  was  his  brother,  and  together  they 
were  largely  interested  in  the  Onondaga 
Salt  Company,  of  which  -\Ir.  Charles  Com- 
stock was  the  representative  after  coming 
West  in   1861. 

Mr.  Comstock  was  twice  married,  his 
first  marriage  being  with  Mary  Griswold 
of  the  State  of  Massachusetts  and  a  niece 
of  Bishop  Griswold,  an  early  American 
Bishop  of  the  Episcopal  Church.  One  son 
by  this  marriage — who  is  a  namesake  of 
Bishop  Griswold — is  now  living.  Mr. 
Comstock's  second  marriage  was  with  Miss 
Julia  J.  Sprague  of  New  York  State,  who 
survived  him  five  years.  Of  this  marriage 
five  children  are  living — two  sons  and  three 
daughters.  The  golden  wedding  anniver- 
sary of  this  marriage  was  celebrated  in 
September,  1892,  three  years  before  Mr. 
Comstock's  death.     That  event  occurred  at 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


48s 


his  home  at  1326  Ridge  Avenue,  Evanston, 
September  5,  1895,  ^^  the  age  of  over 
eighty-one  years,  as  the  result  of  a  linger- 
ing illness  from  which  he  had  suffered  for 
many  years.  Both  the  local  and  the  Chi- 
cago press  paid  a  generous  tribute  to  his 
memory  as  an  upright  citizen  and  a  public- 
spirited  and  enterprising  business  man. 
The  following  testimonial  to  his  integrity 
of  character  by  one  who  had  been  brought 
in  close  association  with  Mr.  Comstock  and 
knew  him  intimately — Mr.  George  F.  Stone, 
Secretary  of  the  Chicago  Board  of  Trade — ■ 
is  worthy  of  reproduction  here:  "He  al- 
ways enjoyed  a  reputation  for  being  con- 
scientiously honest  and  punctilious  in  all  his 
affairs,  and  commanded  the  respect  of  every 
one  who  knew  him.  He  was  an  extremely 
upright  man  in  business  and  charmingly 
affable  and  courteous  in  a  social  wav." 


HUGH   ALEXANDER   WHITE. 

Hugh  Alexander  White  (deceased)  was 
one  of  the  solid  men  of  Chicago,  the  scene 
of  his  business  life,  and  of  Evanston,  the 
place  of  his  residence  for  upwards  of  thirty 
years,  and  where  he  resided  at  the  time  of 
his  death,  after  a  short  illness,  ]\Iarch  25. 
1894.  He  was  a  believer  in  work,  and  one 
of  his  most  prominent  characteristics,  even 
from  childhood,  was  his  unremitting  indus- 
try. It  was  not  a  hardship  for  him  to 
work — it  was  a  pleasure.  He  did  not  be- 
lieve in  royal  roads  to  success  in  life,  or  in 
short  cuts.  There  was,  consequently,  no 
time  in  his  life  when  he  was  not  successful 
to  the  measure  of  his  undertakings.  He 
was  one  of  those  who,  if  he  thought  he 
could  go  a  mile,  could  go  two.  He  did  not 
lack  ambition,  but  it  was  not  for  display — 
not  to  shine  for  a  time — it  was  to  go  stead- 
ily on  in  the  discharge  of  the  duties  belong- 
ing to  the  trusts  reposed  in  him,  reaping  the 


rewards  he  knew  were  sure  to  follow.  Such 
was  his  dislike  to  intruding  himself  upon 
public  attention  that  he  would  never  consent 
to  being  "written  up,"  and  so  seldom  talked 
of  himself  that  the  writer  of  this  sketch, 
though  intimate  with  him  for  nearly  thirty- 
five  years,  knew  little  of  his  early  life  except 
what  was  gained  from  others ;  and,  what- 
ever his  success  in  business,  he  seldom 
talked  of  them  by  way  of  self-gratulation. 
He  was  a  public-spirited  man,  and  took  an 
active  part  in  bringing  about  better  condi- 
tions, the  enactment  of  better  laws  and 
greater  fidelity  in  their  enforcement.  By 
the  thoroughness  of  his  investigations  into 
the  subjects  committed  to  him,  and  the 
practical  nature  of  his  suggestions  for  re- 
form, he  rendered  most  valuable  service. 
He  was  clear-headed,  outspoken  and  sturdy, 
and  left  no  one  in  doubt  where  he  stood. 

Mr.  White  was  born  near  Quincy,  111.,  in 
1830.  Both  parents  having  died  before  he 
was  nine  months  old,  he  was  left  to  the 
care  of  his  maternal  grandparents.  He  was 
brought  up  on  a  farm  in  the  neighborhood 
of  Quincy  by  an  uncle  by  marriage,  Moses 
Gutherie,  and  was  educated  in  the  Illinois 
College  at  Jacksonville.  From  there  he 
went  to  Quincy  and  entered  the  law  office 
of  W^illiams,  Grimshaw  &  Lawrence  as  a 
student,  where  he  remained  until  he  came 
to  Chicago  in  1856  and  opened  the  law 
office  of  Williams  &  White.  His  partner 
was  Archibald  Williams,  the  senior  mem- 
ber of  the  firm  with  which  he  had  studied, 
and  who  was  about  that  time  L'nited  States 
District  Attorney,  one  of  the  great  lawyers 
in  Illinois. 

Mr.  White  continued  in  the  active  prac- 
tice of  the  law,  trying  cases  in  court  until 
about  1874.  when,  in  consequence  of  an 
affection  of  the  throat  and  a  large  increase 
in  his  office  business,  he  discontinued  his 
court  practice  and  confined  himself  to  the 
more  profitable  and  congenial  business  of 


486 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


managing  the  several  large  estates  that  had 
been  entrusted  to  his  care,  examination  of 
abstracts  and  other  office  business.  Among 
the  estates  which  he  managed  were  the 
Allen  C.  Lewis  estate,  which  grew  in  his 
hands  to  its  present  magnificent  propor- 
tions :  the  Bigelow  estate,  the  De  Haven 
estate,  and  the  Francis  C.  Sherman  estate. 
To  the  management  of  these  estates  he 
brought  that  same  conscientious,  painstak- 
ing care,  executive  ability  and  strict  integ- 
rity that  marked  his  whole  business  life. 
He  wanted  no  unfair  advantage  of  others, 
and  he  did  not  allow  others  to  take  unfair 
advantage  of  him.  The  upright  found  it 
very  agreeable  to  do  business  with  him,  but 
the  quibbling  and  dishonest  were  sometimes 
made  to  regret  that  they  had  shown  these 
undesirable  traits  to  him. 

Mr.  White  was  married  to  Catherine  Mc- 
intosh Sands,  of  New  York,  in  i860,  who 
died  a  few  years  after  her  husband,  a  pub- 
lic benefactress,  mourned  by  many  friends, 
by  those  who  had  sustained  to  her  the  rela- 
tion of  neighbor  and  by  the  general  public 
of  Evanston.  They  had  no  children.  Soon 
after  their  marriage  they  moved  to  Evans- 
ton,  and  not  long  after  that  erected  the 
beautiful  home  where  they  lived  to  the  time 
of  his  death.  Mr.  White  was  a  great  lover 
of  flowers,  among  which  many  of  his  early 
morning  and  evening  hours  were  spent  in 
their  culture.  His  grounds,  half  a  block 
on  Ridge  Avenue,  one  of  the  most  beauti- 
ful streets  in  the  town,  have  been  the  pride 
and  delight  of  the  people  of  Evanston.  He 
was  a  connoisseur  of  pictures,  and  a  great 
lover  of  books.  His  house  was  well  filled 
with  the  best  paintings  of  the  masters,  and 
his  library  was  well  stocked  with  rare  and 
most  valuable  books.  There  were  few  men 
better  posted  upon  almost  every  topic,  or 
who  could  talk  more  entertainingly,  than 
Mr.  White.  He  cared  little  for  general 
society,  and  did  not  aspire  to  office.     His 


pleasure  was  in  his  home,  which  he  pro- 
vided with  every  luxury,  where,  in  com- 
pany of  his  devoted  wife,  whom  he  de- 
lighted to  honor  and  to  whom  he  left  his 
fortune,  he  spent  the  hours  of  leisure  among 
his  flowers,  his  books  and  gems  of  art. 

During  his  active  business  life  Mr.  White 
was  unostentatious  in  his  private  benevo- 
lence, often  extending  his  charities  to 
worthy  persons  and  objects,  on  the  princi- 
ple that  "the  left  hand  knoweth  not  what 
the  right  hand  doeth."  After  his  demise 
manv  instances  came  to  light  of  persons 
whom  he  had  befriended,  saying,  "What 
shall  I  do,  now  that  my  best  friend  is 
gone?"  His  widow,  by  her  will,  left  a 
generous  bequest  to  the  Chicago  Art  Insti- 
tute, thus  carrying  out  the  purposes  which 
Mr.  White  had  entertained  during  his  life. 
Through  the  same  source  his  library  of 
miscellaneous  and  law  books  has  become 
the  property  of  the  University  of  Chicago. 


CHANCELLOR  LIVINGSTON  JENKS. 

Few  names  upon  the  roll  of  honor  of 
Evanston's  loyal  and  successful  citizens  are 
better  known  than  that  of  Chancellor  L. 
Jenks.  During  the  greater  part  of  his  active 
life  he  was  either  a  resident  of,  or  largely 
interested  in,  Evanston.  His  energetic  na- 
ture, guided  as  it  was  by  sound  business 
acumen  and  sterling  honor,  made  him  a 
most  conspicuous  and  influential  figure  in 
the  civic  and  industrial  life  of  the  city  and 
of  Chicago.  He  was  born  in  the  town  of 
Warren,  Bradford  County,  Pa.,  January  29, 
1828,  and  was  one  of  a  large  family  of 
children  born  to  Livingston  and  Sarah 
( Buffington)  Jenks.  His  father  was  a  na- 
tive of  Rhode  Island,  the  cradle  of  the  fam- 
ily in  America,  and  came  of  a  sturdy  line  of 
ancestors  whose  lives  form  part  of  the  glo- 
rious history  of  New  England  patriotism. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


487 


Three  in  the  direct  line  of  his  ancestry — all 
bearing  the  name  of  Joseph  Jenks — had 
much  to  do  in  molding  the  destinies  of  the 
Colonies.  All  were  called  upon  to  serve 
as  members  of  the  General  Assembly,  and 
one  was  four  times  elected  Governor  of 
Rhode  Island.  Livingston  Jenks,  the  father 
of  Chancellor  L.  Jenks,  settled  in  La  Salle 
County,  111.,  in  1836,  where  he  combined 
the  several  vocations  of  farmer,  merchant 
and  lawyer,  until  his  death  in  1863  closed 
a  life  of  usefulness  and  honor. 

Chancellor  L.  Jenks  spent  his  boyhood  in 
La  Salle  County,  receiving  his  education  at 
the  country  school  house  and  at  Granville 
Academy.  From  1849  to  1850  he  taught 
school  in  Ottawa ;  but  his  ambition  had 
always  been  to  engage  in  the  legal  profes- 
sion. In  185 1  he  came  to  Chicago  and 
began  the  study  of  law  under  Calvin  De- 
Wolf.  Nine  months  later  he  was  admit- 
ted to  the  bar.  Success  came  at  once. 
His  tremendous  activity  of  mind,  his  fer- 
tility of  resource,  his  power  of  grasping  in- 
stantly the  important  points  of  a  case,  his 
fearlessness  and  his  great  physical  strength, 
aided  by  a  reputation  for  "good  luck,"  at- 
tracted a  large  clientage.  He  was  an  in- 
domitable worker  and  a  firm  believer  in  the 
policy  of  "keeping  everlastingly  at  it." 

He  was  married  to  Pamella  M.  Hoising- 
ton.  May  6.  1855,  at  the  First  Methodist 
Church  in  Chicago.  She  was  the  daughter 
of  Jasper  A.  Hoisington,  whom  many  resi- 
dents of  Evanston  and  Chicago  will  recall 
with  pleasure,  and  who  lived  to  the  ripe 
age  of  ninety-four  years.  Mrs.  Jenks  died 
in  San  Diego,  Cal.,  April  5,  1890,  while  vis- 
iting her  son  Chancellor,  then  a  resident  of 
California. 

Mr.  Jenks  became  early  convinced  of  the 
great  future  of  Chicago  and  vicinity  and 
believed  that  careful  investments  in  real 
estate  would  prove  remunerative.  From 
time    to    time,    as    his    means    allowed,    he 


made  purchases  in  different  parts  of  Chi- 
cago and  its  suburbs.  In  1868,  in  connec- 
tion with  Charles  E.  Brown  and  others,  he 
acquired  a  large  tract  of  land  in  what  is 
now  the  Sixth  Ward  of  Evanston,  and 
laid  out  the  sub-division  known  as  North 
Evanston.  He  was  also  one  of  the  found- 
ers of  Glencoe  and,  in  addition  to  his  hold- 
ings in  Chicago,  invested  largely  in  Engle- 
wood,  Hyde  Park  and  elsewhere.  Mr. 
Jenks'  real  estate  interests  having  become 
so  extensive  as  to  demand  his  entire  at- 
tention, he  was  compelled,  with  great  re- 
luctance, to  give  up  the  practice  of  the  law 
not  long  before  the  great  Chicago  fire.  That 
catastrophe  violently  checked  his  career  of 
prosperity.  In  the  second  great  fire  of 
1874,  he  again  suffered  a  heavy  loss.  But 
like  thousands  of  his  energetic  fellow-citi- 
zens, he  managed  to  rise  above  his  misfor- 
tunes and.  in  a  few  years,  realized  that 
these  great  financial  disasters  had  merely 
cleared  the  ground  for  the  foundations  of 
a  more  enduring  and  genuine  success. 

During  his  long  residence  in  Evanston 
Mr.  Jenks  served  several  terms  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of  Trustees  and  the  School 
Board,  and  was  a  strong  influence  in  the 
development  of  the  municipality.  In  poli- 
tics he  was  always  a  stanch  Republican, 
and,  in  ante-bellum  days,  he  and  his  father 
were  active  champions  of  abolitionism,  and 
maintained  upon  the  .  farm  in  La  Salle 
County  a  station  of  the  so-called  "Under- 
ground Railway,"  established  to  aid  run- 
away slaves  in  escaping  to  Canada. 

An  interesting  incident  in  connection 
with  Mr.  Jenks'  efforts  in  behalf  of  the 
negro  has  been  often  related.  One  day  he 
saw  a  runaway  slave  girl  struggling  in  the 
grasp  of  her  master,  Stephen  F.  Knuckles, 
and  Jack  Newsom,  a  commissioner  under 
the  Fugitive  Slave  Law.  Mr.Jenksprompt- 
ly  rushed  to  the  assistance  of  the  negress 


488 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


with  the  result  that  the  entire  party  were 
soon  rolling  over  each  other  in  the  gutter. 
Police  officers  arriving  on  the  scene,  they 
were  all  taken  into  custody.  The  slave 
alone  was  imprisoned ;  the  others  being 
well  known  and  responsible,  were  released 
on  their  own  recognizance.  Mr.  Jenks  im- 
mediately swore  out  a  warrant  charging 
the  slave  with  disorderly  conduct,  Justice 
Calvin  De  Wolf  issuing  the  writ  at  lo 
o'clock  at  night.  George  Anderson,  Deputy 
Sheriff  (who  with  Justice  De  Wolf  was 
in  the  "conspiracy")  served  the  warrant 
at  once,  and  took  the  girl  from  the  police 
station  with  the  apparent  purpose  of  pro- 
ducing her  before  the  magistrate.  On  the 
street  he  was  surrounded  by  a  howling 
mob  of  several  hundred  persons,  and,  when 
the  crowd  was  dispersed,  the  prisoner  was 
not  to  be  found.  The  Federal  Grand  Jury, 
which  was  then  in  session,  promptly  indict- 
ed Mr.  Jenks,  Calvin  De  Wolf  and  George 
Anderson  on  the  charge  of  violating  the 
Fugitive  Slave  Law.  The  affair  coming 
to  the  knowledge  of  President  Buchanan, 
he  made  the  somewhat  natural  mistake  of 
supposing  "Chancellor"  Jenks  to  be  a  judge 
of  one  of  the  State  courts  on  the  chancery 
side.  Indignant  at  this  instance  of  open 
violation  of  a  cherished  L^nited  States  stat- 
ute, he  telegraphed  the  United  States  Attor- 
ney at  Chicago  as  follows;  "Prosecute 
Chancellor  Jenks  to  the  full  extent  of  the 
law.  For  a  private  citizen  to  be  engaged 
in  such  nefarious  practices  as  he  is  charged 
with  is  bad  enough ;  but  a  high  officer  of 
the  court,  who  is  concerned  in  them,  should 
be  severely  dealt  with.  James  Buchanan, 
President."  Shortlyafter  Abraham  Lincoln 
was  elected  President,  the  War  of  the  Re- 
bellion broke  out,  the  political  complexion 
of  the  Federal  officers  at  Chicago  changed, 
and  the  indictment  was  nolle  prossed. 

Mr.   Jenks   was   a   member   of  the   First 
Baptist  Church  of  Chicago  for  more  than 


forty  years.  He  closed  his  eventful,  suc- 
cessful and  honored  life  January  lo,  1903, 
at  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  while  on  a  visit  to 
his  son,  Livingston  Jenks.  The  children 
born  to  Mr.  Jenks  and  wife  were  eight  in 
number,  of  whom  but  two  survive  their 
parents — Chancellor  L.  Jenks,  Jr.,  who  re- 
sides at  1217  Ridge  Avenue,  Evanston, 
and  who  is  a  practicing  attorney,  and  Liv- 
ingston Jenks,  whose  residence  is  in  San 
I'^rancisco,  and  who  also  is  a  member  of 
the  legal  profession. 


JOHN  HUME  KEDZIE. 

John  H.  Kedzie  (deceased),  for  over 
forty  years  a  leading  resident  of  Evanston, 
III.,  was  born  in  Stamford,  Delaware  Coun- 
ty. N.  Y..  September  8,  18 15,  and,  after 
reaching  the  school  age,  until  his  seven- 
teenth year  attended  the  district  school  in 
winter  while  working  on  his  father's  farm 
in  the  summer.  At  eighteen  years  of  age 
he  began  teaching  in  a  district  school,  but 
being  ambitious  to  acquire  a  liberal  educa- 
tion, he  began  a  course  of  preparation  for 
college  at  Oneida  Institute,  and  later  en- 
tered Oberlin  College,  Ohio,  from  which  he 
graduated  in  1841.  Having  studied  law 
and  been  admitted  to  the  bar  in  his  na- 
tive State,  in  1847  ^i^  removed  to  Chicago 
and  there  established  himself  in  practice.  At 
the  time  of  the  California  gold  excitement, 
in  common  with  many  others,  he  was  seized 
with  the  desire  to  visit  the  El  Dorado  of 
the  Pacific  Coast,  but  was  prevented  by 
the  accumulation  of  business  on  his  hands. 
He  was  compelled  to  content  himself  with 
making  financial  advances  to  others.  Of 
four  or  five  whom  he  aided  in  this  way,  not 
one  ever  made  any  return  to  him  as  prom- 
ised. 

In  1850  Mr.  Kedzie  was  married  to 
Marv    Elizabeth     Austin;    who    died    four 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


489 


years  later,  leaving  an  infant  daughter 
named  for  her  mother,  but  who  died  dur- 
ing the  following  year.  On  June  17,  1857, 
he  was  married  to  a  second  Mary  Eliza- 
beth, whose  maiden  name  was  Kent,  and 
who  still  survives  in  Evanston.  Of  five 
children  born  to  Mr.  Kedzie's  second  mar- 
riage, two — Margaret  Frances  and  John 
Hume,  Jr. — are  still  living.  The  oldest 
daughter,  Kate  Isabel,  who  became  ]\Irs. 
George  Watson  Smith,  died  over  twenty- 
years  ago,  and  two  daughters — Laura 
Louise  and  Julia  Hume — died  in  child- 
hood. 

A  steadfast  Republican  in  his  political 
views,  in  the  fall  of  1876  Mr.  Kedzie  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  lower  branch  of 
the  Thirtieth  General  Assembly  from  Cook 
County,  and  in  the  contest  for  United  States 
Senator  which  followed,  gave  his  earnest 
support  to  Gen.  John  A.  Logan  for  that  po- 
sition. It  becomingapparent  that  Gen.  Lo- 
gan could  not  be  elected,  Mr.  Kedzie  final- 
ly gave  his  support  to  Judge  David  Davis, 
who  was  elected  as  an  "Independent."  His 
prominence  in  connection  with  the  business 
affairs  of  both  Evanston  and  Chicago  is  in- 
dicated by  the  fact  that  public  highways 
have  been  named  in  his  honor  in  both  cities 
— that  in  the  former  being  Kedzie  Street 
and  in  the  latter  Kedzie  Avenue.  An  office 
building  at  120-122  Randolph  Street  also 
bore  his  name.  The  names  of  both  the 
Kedzie  and  the  Hume  families,  from  both 
of  whom  he  was  descended,  are  traced  to 
Scottish  origin,  each  being  prominent  about 
the  time  of  Oliver  Cromwell  and  earlier. 

In  1861  Mr.  Kedzie  took  up  his  resi- 
dence in  Evanston,  and  from  that  time  bore 
a  prominent  part  in  the  affairs  of  that  place. 
He  first  purchased  and  occupied  a  house 
erected  by  Francis  H.  Benson,  which  was 
subsequently  destroyed  by  fire.  Another 
house  built  on  the  same  site  met  a  like  fate 
on   New  Year's  Day  of   1880,  and  during 


the  same  year  he  erected  the  residence  on 
the  southwest  corner  of  Ridge  Avenue  and 
Grove  Street,  which  he  occupied  during 
the  remainder  of  his  life. 

Mr.  Kedzie  gave  evidence  of  his  original- 
ity and  his  fondness  for  philosophical  inves- 
tigation in  the  preparation  of  a  volume  en- 
titled "Solar  Heat,  Gravitation  and  Sun 
Spots,"  which  was  published  in  1886,  and 
which  has  attracted  the  attention  of  many 
interested  in  the  unsolved  problems  of  na- 
ture. He  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  es- 
tablishment of  the  Evanston  Free  Public 
Library,  and  from  the  date  of  its  organiza- 
tion in  1873,  ^o''  tlic  first  four  years  of  its 
existence,  serving  as  President  of  the  Li- 
brary Board.  He  also  served  for  many 
years  as  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Edu- 
cation, was  one  of  the  original  members 
of  the  Philosophical  Society  organized  in 
1866,  and  took  a  prominent  part  in  connec- 
tion with  church  affairs,  being  one  of  the 
organizers  of  the  St.  Mark's  Episcopal 
Church  in  1864,  and  in  the  latter  part  of  his 
life  a  member  of  the  First  Congregational 
Church,  which  he  served  for  many  years 
on  its  Board  of  Trustees.  Mr.  Kedzie's 
death  occurred  April  9,  1903,  in  the  eighty- 
eighth  year  of  his  age. 


JOSEPH  CUMMINGS,  D.  D.,  LL.  D. 

Rev.  Joseph  Cummings  (deceased),  one 
of  the  most  eminent  clergymen  and  edu- 
cators in  the  United  States,  and  widely 
known  as  the  honored  President  of  North- 
western L^niversity  from  1881  until  1890, 
was  born  at  Falmouth,  near  Portland,  Me., 
March  3,  1817.  His  parental  ancestors 
were  of  Scotch  nativity.  His  father  was 
a  zealous  and  faithful  minister  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  whose  la- 
bors covered  a  large  portion  of  the  State 
of  Alaine  and  extended  into  the  Canadas. 


490 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


His  worthy  wife,  the  steadfast  and  de- 
voted helpmate  in  his  pastoral  labors,  was 
a  member  of  a  family  of  local  note  in  the 
field  of  Methodism,  and  especially  active 
in  the  work  of  the  church.  Thus  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  was  a  ^Methodist  by 
birth,  domestic  training  and  institutional 
instruction. 

In  early  youth  Dr.  Cummings  enjoyed 
the  advantages  of  the  public  schools  in 
the  vicinity  of  his  home.  He  underwent 
his  preparation  for  college  in  Maine  ^Ves- 
leyan  Seminary  at  Kent's  Hill,  and  after- 
wards entered  Wesleyan  University  at 
Middletown,  Conn.,  through  which  he 
w^orked  his  way  by  teaching  school  at  in- 
tervals. From  this  institution  he  was 
graduated  with  the  Class  of  1840,  and 
shortly  afterwards  became  a  Professor 
in,  and  subsequently  Principal  of.  Amenia 
Seminary,  at  Amenia,  New  York.  While 
engaged  in  teaching  he  pursued  a  course 
in  theology,  and  in  1846  was  ordained 
by  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Conference 
a  minister  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church.  He  rapidly  gained  prominence 
in  his  calling,  being  recognized  as  an 
impressive  and  convincing  speaker,  a  pro- 
found logician  and  a  forceable  expounder 
of  doctrinal  points. 

In  1853,  Dr.  Cummings  was  called  to 
the  chair  of  Theology  in  the  Methodist 
Biblical  Institute  at  Concord,  N.  H.,  and 
thence  went  to  Lima,  N.  Y.,  where  he 
assumed  the  presidency  of  Genessee  Wes- 
leyan College,  of  which  he  was  the  head 
from  1854  to  1857.  In  the  latter  year, 
the  success  he  had  achieved  in  this  ca- 
pacity resulted  in  his  election  to  the  presi- 
dency of  his  alma  mater,  Wesleyan  L^ni- 
versity.  Here  was  first  revealed,  in  a 
remarkable  degree,  his  possession  of  that 
superior  constructive  faculty,  capacity  for 
organization  and  high  quality  of  leader- 
ship, which  made  him  famous  among  the 


educators  of  the  United  States.  For 
eighteen  years  he  conducted  the  affairs 
of  this  institution,  and  these  were  years 
of  marvelous  growth  and  development  in 
its  history.  The  grand  results  which  he 
achieved  in  this  connection  were  fittinglv 
recognized  in  a  memorial  address  de- 
livered, shortly  after  the  death  of  Dr. 
Cummings,  by  Rev.  James  Marcus  King, 
D.  D.,  of  New  York,  in  which  he  said : 
"It  was  the  proud  boast  of  a  Roman  Em- 
peror that  he  found  the  'Eternal  City' 
brick  and  left  it  marble.  Of  Dr.  Cum- 
mings it  may  justly  be  said,  that  he  found 
the  college  buildings  at  Middletown 
meager,  inadequate  and  unattractive — 
formerly  the  dingy  quarters  of  an  aban- 
doned military  academy — and  he  crowded 
that  classic  hill  on  High  Street  with  mas- 
sive structures  as  noble  and  inspiring  as 
can  be  found  on  this  continent.  In  these 
eighteen  years  he  reared  a  triple  monu- 
ment in  buildings  of  imperishable  old  red- 
sandstone,  that  will  stand  as  imposing 
reminders  of  the  splendidly  successful  ad- 
ministration of  Joseph  Cummings  as  long 
as  the  river  they  overlook  shall  flow  to 
the  sea." 

During  the  presidency  of  Dr.  Cum- 
mings, the  alumni  of  Wesleyan  Univer- 
sity contributed  about  $30,000  towards  a 
library  fund  for  the  institution,  and  Isaac 
Rich  and  Daniel  Drew  pledged  $200,000 
to  the  endowment  fund.  The  old  board- 
ing hall  was  remodeled  and  transformed 
into  an  observatory  hall,  being  surmount- 
ed by  a  tower  containing  a  telescope  of 
extraordinary  power.  The  memory  of 
"Wesleyan's"  heroic  dead,  fallen  in  the 
W'ar  for  the  Union,  was  perpetuated 
by  the  erection  of  a  memorial  chapel.  A 
model  gymnasium  was  provided ;  large 
additions  were  made  to  the  scientific  col- 
lections ;  the  faculty  was  increased  in 
numbers,  and  the  course  of  study  extend- 


II 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


491 


ed;  the  halls  of  the  University,  with  their 
opportunities,  were  for  the  first  time 
opened  to  women ;  and  finally  the  work 
of  this  administration  was  crowned  by 
the  erection,  through  the  beneficence  of 
Orange  Judd,  of  a  structure — one  of  the 
most  complete  and  elegant  in  the  land — 
as  a  temple  of  natural  science.  Mr.  Judd 
also  originated  and  prepared  at  great  la- 
bor and  expense,  a  work  of  incalculable 
value  to  his  alma  mater,  in  the  shape  of 
an  alumni  record,  which  is  the  only  ap- 
proximately perfect  catalogue  of  this  kind 
known  to  American  colleges.  In  1875, 
Dr.  Cummings  resigned  the  office  which 
he  had  held  for  nearly  a  score  of  years, 
his  administration  having  spanned  the 
pre-eminently  constructive  period  in  the 
history  of  the  University. 

After  his  resignation  Dr.  Cummings 
continued  for  three  years  to  occupy  the 
chair  of  Mental  and  Moral  Philosophy 
and  Political  Economy  in  the  institution, 
and  then  resumed  his  ministerial  labors, 
feeling  that  his  career  as  an  educator  was 
at  an  end.  It  was  not  so  to  be,  however, 
as  the  fame  of  his  ability,  not  only  as  a 
builder  of  institutions  of  learning,  but  as  a 
developer  of  character  and  men.  was 
widespread.  His  services  were  needed  in 
an  enlarged  field  of  activity  and  a  broader 
sphere  of  usefulness.  In  1881  he  was 
called  from  a  successful  ministry  in  New 
England  to  the  presidency  of  Northwest- 
ern University.  To  this  position  he 
brought  ripe  experience,  rare  wisdom,  ma- 
ture judgment,  and  that  spirit  of  progres- 
siveness  which  had  been  one  of  the  dis- 
tinguishing characteristics  of  his  career. 
In  addition  to  these,  he  brought  to  the 
scene  of  his  last  endeavor  the  prestige  of 
a  great  name.  Here  he  speedily  won  the 
confidence  of  the  official  board  and  of 
wealthy  and  kindly  disposed  friends  of 
the  University.     Financial  claims  against 


it  were  met,  new  buildings  were  erected. 
its  income  was  increased,  and  the  period 
of  its  highest  prosperity  began.  He  gov- 
erned wisely,  planned  judiciously  for  the 
future,  and  directed  the  affairs  of  tlie  in- 
stitution, which  is  now  the  pride  of  West- 
ern Methodism,  almost  to  the  end  of  his 
life.  At  his  death  it  was  truly  said, 
"Methodism  has  lost  its  greatest  College 
President."  In  terms  of  endearment,  and 
almost  of  adulation,  those  who  came  un- 
der his  care  and  guidance  at  the  W'es- 
leyan  and  Northwestern  Universities.. 
speak  of  this  great  educator — stern  and 
exacting  as  he  was  at  times — as  one  who 
seemed  to  grapple  his  pupils  to  himself 
with  hooks  of  steel.  Possessed  of  rare 
moral  and  physical  courage,  a  chevalier 
in  defense  of  the  right,  and  a  knight-er- 
rant in  boldly  and  vigorously  assailing 
the  wrong,  "he  seemed,"  says  one  of  his 
students,  later  associated  with  him  as  an 
instructor  at  Wesleyan  University,  "to 
sum  up  and  embody  all  that  can  vaguely 
be  conceived  of  tenacity  of  will,  fearless- 
ness, superb  power  of  achievement — in 
short  of  the  heroic."  Dr.  Cummings  had 
a  hatred  of  feebleness  and  indolence  of 
nature,  vacillation,  dallying  with  wrong 
and  weak-kneed  sentimentality.  "He 
taught  us,"  said  another  of  his  pupils, 
"that  the  first  duty  of  a  man  is  to  be 
strong;  yet  this  man,  so  stern — at  times 
so  harsh — had  a  heart  as  tender,  a  hand 
as  soft,  and  a  voice  as  gentle  as  a  wo-  . 
man's,  wherever  there  was  pain  to  soothe 
or  sorrow  to  console."  Another,  who  was 
an  elder  and  lifelong  friend,  said:  "For 
the  student,  he  had  a  personal  and  tender 
interest.  He  encouraged  the  despondent, 
assisted  the  sick,  prayed  with  the  peni- 
tent, and  pleaded  and  labored  with  the 
erring.  He  imparted  his  spiritual  life  to 
thousands  who  have  thereby  been 
quickened    into    noble    living.      He    lived 


492 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


on  towards  three-score  years  and  ten, 
genial,  optimistic,  planning,  until  the  last, 
greater  things  for  our  educational  institu- 
tions. Withal,  he  was  so  modest  and  un- 
assuming, and  did  his  work  with  so  lit- 
tle of  the  spirit  of  display,  that  we  have 
but  faintly  realized  how  great  was  the 
place    he    filled." 

Busy  as  was  the  life  of  Dr.  Cummings 
in  the  fields  of  education  and  ministerial 
work,  he  still  found  time  to  give  consid- 
erable attention  to  social,  economic  and 
governmental  problems.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber, and  at  one  time  Vice-President,  of 
the  National  Reform  Association,  and 
also  a  member  of  the  American  Associa- 
tion for  the  Advancement  of  Science. 
His  was  a  powerful  influence  in  promot- 
ing the  cause  of  temperance,  and  through- 
out his  long  career  he  missed  no  oppor- 
tunity to  aid  in  the  suppression  of  the 
liquor  traffic.  A  great  preacher,  as  well 
as  a  great  educator,  he  stood  high  in  the 
councils  of  the  Methodist  Church.  He 
participated  as  a  delegate  in  many  of  the 
General  Conferences  of  the  Church,  and, 
in  1864,  was  a  member  of  the  committee 
appointed  by  the  Conference  to  formulate 
resolutions  conveying  to  President  Lin- 
coln an  expression  of  the  loyal  sentiment 
and  co-operation  of  the  church.  He  pre- 
pared and  presented  to  Mr.  Lincoln  the 
address  which  drew  from  the  great 
Emancipator  the  following  historic 
answer : 

"Gentlemen :  In  response  to  your  ad- 
dress allow  me  to  attest  the  accuracy  of 
its  historic  statements,  endorse  the  state- 
ments it  expresses,  and  thank  you  in  the 
nation's  name  for  the  sure  promise  it 
gives.  Nobly  sustained,  as  the  Govern- 
ment has  been,  by  all  the  churches.  I 
would  utter  nothing  which  might,  in  the 
least,  appear  invidious  against  any.  Yet 
without  this  it  may  fairly  be  said  that  the 


Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  not  less  de- 
voted than  the  best,  is,  by  its  greater 
numbers,  the  most  important  of  all.  It  is 
no  fault  in  others  that  the  Methodist 
Church  sends  more  soldiers  to  the  field, 
more  nurses  to  the  hospitals  and  more 
prayers  to  Heaven,  than  any.  God  bless 
the  Methodist  Church!  Bless  all  the 
churches  and  blessed  be  God,  who,  in  this, 
our  greatest  trial,  giveth  us  the  churches  !" 

During  the  war  Dr.  Cummings  was 
among  the  most  active  supporters  of  the 
Union  cause  in  New  England,  bringing  all 
his  powerful  influence  to  bear  to  strength- 
en the  armies,  care  for  the  sick  and 
wounded,  and  provide  for  those  depend- 
ent upon  the  soldiers  in  the  field. 

In  recognition  of  his  distinguished  serv- 
ices as  educator  and  minister  of  the  gos- 
pel, both  Harvard  and  Wesleyan  Univer- 
sities conferred  upon  Dr.  Cummings  the 
degree  of  D.  D.,  and  he  received  the  de- 
gree of  LL.  D.  from  Nofthwestern  Uni- 
versity. 

The  domestic  life  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  like  his  professional  and  public 
career,  was  ideal  in  its  character.  In  1843 
he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Deborah 
S.  Haskell,  a  member  of  one  of  the  most 
prominent  and  worthy  families  of  Augus- 
ta, Maine,  represented  by  ministers  and 
lawyers  of  local  distinction.  Airs.  Cum- 
mings was  a  broad-minded,  capable  wo- 
man, and  her  assistance  in  furthering  the 
plans  and  endeavors  of  her  husband  can- 
not be  overestimated.  She  was  endowed 
with  fine  social  gifts,  and  her  home  was 
delightfully  hospitable.  She  survived  her 
husband  and,  after  his  decease,  served  as 
one  of  the  Trustees  of  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity. Her  death  occurred  in  1901. 
Mrs.  Bonbright,  wife  of  Dr.  David  Bon- 
bright,  Professor  of  the  Latin  language 
and   Literature  in   Northwestern  Univer- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


493 


sitv,  is  the  only  child  left  by  this  noble 
couple. 

Dr.  Cummings  departed  this  life  on 
May  7,  1890.  In  that  event  a  great  career 
was  ended  and  a  great  soul  entered  the 
communion  of  saints.  His  strong  indi- 
viduality is  indelibly  impressed  upon  the 
city  which  was  his  last  home,  and  upon 
the  famous  educational  institution  of 
which  he  was  the  head ;  and  his  memory 
lingers,  like  a  benediction,  with  those  who 
knew  him  as  guide,  philosopher  and  friend 
during  the  years  when  his  labors  were 
drawing  to  a  close.  His  field  of  activity 
was  wide  and  his  fame  national ;  but  his 
name  is  indissolubly  linked  with  Evans- 
ton,  with  Northwestern  University,  and 
with  Western  Methodism. 


GEORGE  MYRICK  SARGENT. 

George  Myrick  Sargent,  manufacturer, 
Chicago  and  Evanston,  111.,  was  born  in 
Sedgwick,  Me.,  March  29,  1830,  the  son 
of  Benjamin  Choate  and  Susannah  (Cole) 
Sargent,  being  the  youngest  of  a  family 
of  eleven  children,  of  whom  six  (Janu- 
ary, 1904),  are  still  living.  The  family 
name  has  had  more  than  thirty  different 
forms  of  spelling  at  different  periods  and 
in  different  countries,  beginning,  as  it  is 
believed,  in  Normandy  in  the  latter  part  of 
the  twelfth  century,  with  the  name 
"Serniens,"  and  after  undergoing  various 
transformations  in  the  intervening  cen- 
turies, has  taken  on  its  present  form.  The 
founder  of  the  family  in  America  was 
William  Sargent,  who  was  born  in 
Northampton,  England,  in  1602,  and  came 
to  Charleston,  Alass.,  in  1638,  from  whom 
Mr.  George  M.  Sargent  is  sixth  in  line  of 
descent.  Heads  of  various  other  branches 
of  the  family  on  the  maternal  side  came 
to  Plymouth  Colony  in  the  days  of  Pil- 


grim immigration,  some  of  them  coming 
on  the  "Mayflower"  in  1620,  and  their  de- 
scendants took  part  in  most  of  the  colo- 
nial wars,  including  King  Philip's  War, 
and  later  in  the  War  of  the  Revolution, 
the  War  of  181 2  and  the  Mexican  War. 
The  children  of  Benjamin  C.  and  Susan- 
nah Sargent  were :  Benjamin  Cleaves, 
born  June  12,  1808,  died  in  infancy;  Wyer 
Groves,  born  June  24,  1810;  John  Oliver, 
born  December  18,  1812;  Sarah  Jane, 
born  February  2,  1815;  William  Haskell, 
born  February  4,  1818;  Lucius  Bolles, 
born  January  18,  1820;  Thomas  Cole, 
born  November  6,  1821 ;  Albion  Keith 
Parris,  born  October  24,  1823;  Mary  Mer- 
rill, born  June  4,  1826;  Jasper  Newton, 
born  January  6,  1828;  and  George  M3'rick. 
The  five  last  named,  with  William  Has- 
kell, are  still  surviving. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared 
on  his  father's  farm,  meanwhile  attend- 
ing the  common  schools  in  his  native 
State  until  eighteen  years  of  age,  when  he 
entered  into  the  employ  of  his  brother, 
W^yer  G.,  as  clerk  in  his  store  at  Sedg- 
wich  (now  Sargentville),  Maine.  Here 
he  remained  four  or  five  years,  during 
part  of  the  time  serving  as  the  first  Post- 
master of  that  place ;  later  removed  to 
Boston,  Mass.,  where  for  the  next  four 
years  he  was  employed  as  clerk  by  J.  N. 
Dennison  &  Co.  Then  returning  to  Sedg- 
wick, Maine,  he  entered  into  partnership 
with  his  brother  under  the  firm  name  of 
W.  G.  Sargent  &  Brother,  continuing  four 
years.  Retiring  from  this  partnership, 
he  next  engaged  in  the  ship-chandlery 
business  in  Boston  with  his  brother-in- 
law,  Joseph  J.  Durham,  the  firm  taking 
the  name  of  Durham  &  Sargent.  In  1861 
Mr.  Sargent  went  to  New  York,  where  he 
formed  a  partnership  in  the  same  line  of 
business  with  Robert  H.  Thayer  (firm 
name  Thayer  &  Sargent),  remaining  until 


494 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


about  1870.  On  account  of  the  sturdy 
political  position  of  the  members  of  this 
firm  during  the  Civil  War  period,  their 
place  of  business  became  known  as  "The 
Black   Republican    Store." 

Coming  west  in  1870,  Mr.  Sargent  pur- 
chased an  interest  in  the  malleable  iron 
works  at  Moline,  111.,  with  which  he  re- 
mained three  years,  the  concern  first  be- 
ing known  by  the  firm  name  of  Hill, 
Heald  &  Sargent,  but  later  being  incor- 
porated as  the  Moline  Malleable  Iron 
Works.  Having  severed  his  connection 
with  the  iron  works  enterprise  at  Moline 
in  1873,  he  removed  to  Des  Moines,  Iowa, 
where  for  three  years  he  was  connected 
with  the  Des  Moines  Scale  Company  in 
the  manufacture  of  farmers'  scales.  Then, 
in  1876,  coming  to  the  city  of  Chicago, 
he  established  there  the  first  manufactory 
in  the  United  States  for  the  exclusive 
manufacture  of  the  brake-shoe  for  rail- 
way cars,  under  the  firm  name  of  George 
M.  Sargent  &  Co.  In  1877  the  concern 
was  reorganized  as  a  stock  company, 
known  as  the  Congdon  Brake-Shoe  Com- 
pany. The  business  grew  rapidly  and, 
in  1893,  ^  "sw  corporation  was  formed  un- 
der the  name  of  the  Sargent  Company, 
with  a  capital  stock  of  $250,000,  Mr.  Sar- 
gent being  its  President.  Later  the  stock 
was  increased  to  $500,000,  the  plant  be- 
ing located  at  Fifty-ninth  and  Wallace 
Streets,  Chicago,  and  covering  an  area 
of  about  five  acres.  Furnaces  for  the 
manufacture  of  steel  castings  were  erect- 
ed, the  output  consisting  chiefly  of  brake- 
shoes  and  railroad  couplers.  The  busi- 
ness grew  so  rapidly  that  it  was  found 
necessary  to  increase  the  facilities  for  the 
production  of  cast-iron  brake-shoes,  and 
a  new  plant  was  erected  at  Chicago 
Heights,  covering  an  area  of  ten  acres, 
the  plant  at  Fifty-ninth  Street  being  there- 
after devoted  to  the  manufacture  of  coup- 


lers and  knuckles  almost  exclusively  for 
railroads.  In  1901  the  plant  at  Chicago 
Heights  was  sold  to  the  American  Brake- 
shoe  &  Foundry  Company,  and  the  steel 
plant  at  Fifty-ninth  Street  to  the  Ameri- 
can Steel  Foundries,  the  former  represent- 
ing a  capital  stock  of  $4,500,000.  Mr. 
Sargent  is  still  a  director  in  the  first 
named  company,  but  not  in  active  busi- 
ness. His  son,  William  Durham  Sargent, 
who  promoted  its  organization,  was  its 
first  President,  remaining  until  January, 
1904,  when  he  resigned,  and  is  now  Sec- 
ond Vice-President  of  the  American 
Steel  Foundries  (representing  a  capital  of 
$40,000,000),  in  charge  of  the  operating 
department. 

Mr.  George  M.  Sargent  is  a  director 
of  the  Railway  Appliance  Company  of 
which  his  son,  George  H.,  is  the  Vice- 
President.  Other  business  enterprises 
with  which  he  has  been  connected  include 
the  "Live  Poultry  Transportation  Com- 
pany," of  which  he  was  President  for 
some  years,  and  the  Vessel  -Owners'  As- 
sociation, of  which  he  was  a  director 
while  in  New  York.  It  was  through  the 
efTorts  of  a  committee  of  the  latter  as- 
sociation, of  which  Mr.  Sargent  was  a 
member,  that  the  builders  of  the  East 
River  Bridge  were  induced  to  inci^ease  the 
elevation  of  that  structure  from  120  feet, 
as  originally  projected,  to  135  feet.  His 
prominence  as  a  business  man  is  indi- 
cated by  the  fact  that,  in  1901,  he  was 
elected  Vice-President  for  Illinois  of  the 
National  Association  of  Manufacturers  of 
the  United  States,  and,  at  the  present 
time,  is  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Commerce  of  the  National  Business 
League. 

Mr.  Sargent  was  married  at  Winter- 
ford,  Maine,  September  15,  1858,  to  Helen 
Marie  Durham,  who  was  born  in  Free- 
dom,    ]\Iaine,     February     15,    1834,    the 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


495 


daughter  of  William  and  Emily  Durham, 
and  they  have  had  four  children :  Emily 
Helen,  born  October  3,  i860,  died  aged 
eleven  months;  William  Durham,  born  in 
Lynn,  Mass.,  June  16,  1863  ;  George  Ham- 
lin, born  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  October  5, 
1865,  and  Annie  Gushing,  born  in  Marl- 
boro, N.  H.,  November  2"],  1870.  William 
Durham  Sargent  married,  February  14, 
1899,  May  Alene  Partridge,  daughter  of 
G.  W.  Partridge ;  Annie  G.  married,  Sep- 
tember 19,  1895,  Henry  K.  Gilbert  of  Ghi- 
cago;  and  George  Hamlin  married,  Janu- 
ary 12,  1904,  Elizabeth  H.  Pittman,  of 
Detroit,  Mich. 

In  religious  belief  Mr.  George  M.  Sar- 
gent is  a  Methodist  and  in  politics  a  Re- 
publican. For  two  terms  he  served  as 
a  member  of  the  Evanston  Board  of  Trus- 
tees, and  is  a  member  of  various  fraternal 
and  social  organizations,  including  the 
Royal  Arcanum  and  Blue  Lodge  A.  F.  & 
A.  M.,  Evanston  Ghapter  and  Gommand- 
ery  K.  T.,  Evanston ;  the  Mystic  Shrine, 
Medinah  Temple  ;  Union  League  Glub,  Ghi- 
cago ;  Gountry  Glub  and  Evanston  Club, 
Evanston ;  besides  the  Evanston,  Glen- 
view  and  St.  Augustine  Golf  Glubs.  For 
several  years  he  was  President  of  the 
Society  of  the  Sons  of  Maine,  Ghicago, 
and  is  present  Vice-President  of  the  New 
England  Society.  After  a  long  and  con- 
spicuously successful  business  career,  Mr. 
Sargent,  with  his  faithful  and  devoted 
wife,  is  spending  the  evening  of  his  days 
in  their  delightful  home  in  Evanston, 
practically  retired  from  active  business, 
though  still  retaining  his  official  connec- 
tion with  the  manufacturing  enterprises 
in  which  he  has  been  financially  inter- 
ested and  an  important  factor  for  more 
than  a  quarter  of  a  century. 


ALEXANDER  GLARK. 

The  death,  on  September  26,  1903,  of 
Alexander  Glark,  at  Antioch,  111.,  where 
he  was  bringing  to  successful  completion 
one  of  -the  many  enterprises  which  his 
genius  for  large  and  useful  undertakings 
had  conceived,  and  which  his  indomitable 
energy  and  splendid  organizing  ability 
had  made  possible,  removed  a  man  who 
had  given  generously  of  his  talents  and 
time  to  the  furtherance  of  Evanston's 
civic  welfare.  Almost  from  his  settle- 
ment in  Evanston  to  his  latest  hours  on 
earth,  he  had  taken  a  deep  and  active  in- 
terest in  everything  that  concerned  the 
community.  Although  he  never  sought  or 
accepted  office,  he  commanded,  by  reason 
at  once  of  his  high  personal  character  and 
his  unselfish  devotion  to  public  interests, 
a  measure  of  respect  in  the  ranks  of  in- 
fluential citizenship,  which  made  his  opin- 
ion an  important  political  factor,  and 
which  never  failed  to  give  weight  to  his 
voice,  whenever  he  felt  called  upon  to 
raise  it,  in  support  or  condemnation  of  the 
policy  of  those  entrusted  with  the  conduct 
of  municipal  affairs.  It  was  mainly 
through  his  instrumentality  that  the  vil- 
lages which  now  constitute  the  Gity  of 
Evanston  were  consolidated  under  one 
government,  and  it  is  a  peculiar,  yet  a 
characteristic,  coincident  that  only  a  few 
months  subsequent  to  his  death,  his  fel- 
low citizens  ratified  at  the  polls  a  meas- 
ure upon  which  he  had  been  quietly  work- 
ing for  years,  and  one  which  rendered 
this  consolidation  more  secure — the  prac- 
tical combination  of  the  city  and  town- 
ship governments. 

While  South  Evanston  was  still  a  vil- 
lage and  I\Ir.  Glark  was  among  the  new- 
est of  its  residents,  he  was  foremost  in 
the  movement  for  securing  a  water  sup- 
ply, and  when  the  artesian  well,  then  in- 


496 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


stalled,  proved  inadequate  to  meet  grow- 
ing needs,  he  assisted  materially  in  creat- 
ing the  means  whereby  the  village  was 
enabled,  by  the  erection  of  waterworks,  to 
draw  its  supply  from  Lake  Michigan,  and 
to  establish  in  connection  therewith  an 
electric  light  plant.  He  was  a  strenu- 
ous advocate  of  good  streets  and  side- 
walks, and  it  was  largely  through  his  ef- 
forts, and  in  consequence  of  his  unceasing 
agitation  for  improvement  in  this  direc- 
tion, that  South  Evanston  became  the  best 
paved  of  the  North  Shore  suburbs  and 
was  the  first  among  them  to  introduce  the 
cement  sidewalk.  He  was  the  first  to  see 
the  necessity  for  the  creation  of  a  local 
park  system ;  it  was  he  who  secured  the 
strip  of  lake  frontage  between  Main  and 
Kedzie  Streets.  He  was  one  of  the  found- 
ers of  the  movement  for  the  creation  of 
Sheridan  Road,  and  was  Secretary  of  the 
Sheridan  Road  Association  from  its  or- 
ganization  to   his   death. 

The  advice  of  Mr.  Clark  was  sought 
and  followed  in  the  establishment  of  the 
city  government ;  he  gave  wise  counsel 
to  its  first  officials,  and  prepared,  or  as- 
sisted in  the  preparation  of,  many  of  the 
ordinances  under  which  the  municipality 
is  now  operating.  Although  engrossed  in 
an  extensive  law  practice  in  Chicago,  he 
was  always  ready  to  give  liberally  of  his 
thought  and  time  to  the  public  afifairs 
of  the  community  in  which  he  made  his 
home  and  for  which  he  always  enter- 
tained and  expressed  the  greatest  affec- 
tion. To  him  is  Evanston  indebted  for 
the  conception  and  construction  of  elec- 
tric railway  communication  with  Chi- 
cago, an  enterprise  in  which  he  enlisted 
capital,  and  for  which  he  secured  the  nec- 
essary frontage  consents  and  right  of  way 
through  its  entire  length.  The  ability 
which  he  displayed  in  this  undertaking 
won  for  him  a  hearing  later,  when  he  pro- 


posed the  construction  of  the  Union  Loop 
in  Chicago — a  conception  which  was  en- 
tirely his  own,  and  which  was  carried  into 
execution,  so  far  as  its  legal  phases  were 
concerned,  in  accordance  with  plans 
which  he  had  formulated  long  before  capi- 
talists were  asked  to  consider  it  as  an  in- 
vestment. In  his  lifetime,  so  unmindful 
was  he  of  any  form  of  personal  praise,  he 
was  never  heard  to  claim  credit  for  what 
many  knew  him  to  be  entitled  to — the 
origination  of  the  scheme  which  has  made 
possible  the  success  of  the  present  elevat- 
ed railway  systems  of  Chicago. 

At  the  time  of  his  death  Mr.  Clark  was 
engaged  in  promoting  the  electric  line  be- 
tween Waukegan  and  Kenosha,  since 
completed,  one  of  his  principal  associates 
being  Volney  W.  Foster,  another  distin- 
guished and  beloved  citizen  of  Evanston, 
who  was  one  of  his  pall-bearers  and  who, 
only  a  few  months  later,  was  also  borne 
to  his  last  resting  place. 

Alexander  Clark  came  of  Scotch-Irish 
stock ;  his  father,  Alexander  Clark,  and  his 
mother,  Eliza  McCuUom,  having  been 
born  in  the  North  of  Ireland,  the  former 
on  June  7,  1819,  the  latter  on  July  i,  1821. 
His  parents  emigrating  to  America,  Alex- 
ander was  born  in  Paterson,  N.  J.,  on 
June  15,  185 1.  The  family  came  West 
when  he  was  12  years  of  age,  settled  on  a 
farm  in  Knox  County,  111.,  later  moving  to 
a  larger  place  in  Ford  County.  He  was 
educated  in  Wabash  College,  Crawfords- 
ville,  Ind.,  from  which  he  was  graduated 
in  1877.  After  reading  law  in  the  office  of 
Judge  Woods,  Chicago,  he  was,  in  1878, 
admitted  to  the  bar.  On  March  10,  1881, 
he  married  Miss  Emma  Osgood  of 
Oneida.  Knox  County,  111.,  and  the  same 
month  the  young  couple  settled  in  Evans- 
ton. Mrs.  Clark  and  two  children — John 
Alexander  and  Helen  Osgood — still  sur- 
vive. 


i 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


497 


Following  the  death  of  Mr.  Clark,  the 
City  Council  of  Evanston  adopted  resolu- 
tions setting  forth  the  great  loss  which 
the  community  had  suffered  in  his  demise, 
recounting  the  useful  services  which  he 
had  rendered  the  community,  and  naming 
the  lake  front  park,  which  he  had  secured 
for  the  City,  Clark  Square,  as  a  lasting 
testimonial  to  his  honored  memory. 


DR.  JARED  BASSETT. 

Dr.  Tared  Bassett  (deceased)  was  born 
in  East  Montpelier,  Vt..  January  26,  1814, 
the  son  of  Joel  and  Ruby  ( Aletcalf)  Bas- 
sett, and  grandson  of  Jared  Bassett,  who 
emigrated  from  Connecticut  and  became 
one  of  the  early  settlers  of  the  "Green 
Mountain  State."  \\'hile  the  genealogy 
of  the  family  is  not  now  accessible,  it  is 
believed  to  have  been  of  Huguenot  origin, 
the  first  American  ancestor  of  the  name 
having  crossed  the  ocean  in  1621,  the  year 
after  the  landing  of  the  "Mayflower"  at 
Plymouth  Rock.  Dr.  Bassett"s  mother 
was  a  devout  member  of  the  Society  of 
Friends,  while  the  father,  who  was  a 
farmer  by  occupation  and  held  many  of- 
fices of  honor  and  trust  in  the  connnunity, 
shared  the  faith  and  mode  of  life  of  his 
wife.  Although  not  strictly  a  Quaker  in 
religious  faith  and  practice,  the  son  inher- 
ited many  of  the  traits  of  his  ancestors, 
including  the  strength  of  character,  sim- 
plicity of  manner  and  quiet  self-contro! 
which  were  marked  characteristics  of  the 
followers  of  that  faith.  After  having 
spent  his  boyhood  and  youth  on  the  farm 
engaged  in  farm  work  and  in  attendance 
at  the  district  school,  at  tJie  age  of 
twenty-two  years,  having  decided  to 
adopt  the  medical  profession,  he  entered 
the  office  of  Dr.  James  Spaulding,  of 
Montpelier,  as  a  student  in  that  line.     In 


1836  he  attended  medical  lectures  at 
Woodstock,  Vt.,  later  took  a  course  in 
the  medical  department  of  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege, Xew  Hampshire,  and  in  1839  received 
the  degree  of  M.  D.  from  the  Medical  Col- 
le,ge  at  Albany,  N.  Y.  Then  having  set- 
tled at  Plainfield,  Washington  County, 
Vt.,  he  engaged  in  practice,  but  later  re- 
moved to  Northfield  in  the  same  State, 
where  he  remained  seven  years,  winning 
the  experience  of  the  old-school  practi- 
tioners of  that  period. 

On  May  29,  1844,  Dr.  Bassett  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Harriet  Sherman,  a  daughter 
of  Col.  Nathaniel  and  Deborah  f^^'eb- 
ster)  Sherman,  of  Barre,  Vt.,and  sister  of 
the  late  Alson  S.  and  Oren  Sherman,  who 
were  prominent  business  men  of  Chicago 
at  an  early  day.  Two  years  later  his  at- 
tention havingbeen  attracted  to  the  advan- 
tages offered  in  the  West  to  those  enter- 
ing upon  a  business  career,  Dr.  Bassett, 
accompanied  by  his  wife,  started  for  Chi- 
cago, making  the  journey  by  stage  to 
Lake  Champlain,  across  the  lake  to 
Whitehall  by  steamer,  thence  to  Roches- 
ter by  canal-boat,  and  from  there  to  Buf- 
falo by  a  newly  built  section  of  what  is 
now  the  New  York  Central  Railroad.  At 
Buffalo  they  took  a  lake  steamer  for  Chi- 
cago, arriving  at  their  destination  on  Sep- 
tember 10,  1846,  after  a  lake  journey  of 
ten  days.  Chicago,  a  primitive  city  of 
some  ten  thousand  inhabitants,  was  then 
just  entering  upon  the  development 
which,  in  the  growth  of  the  next  sixty 
years,  made  it  the  second  city  in  the 
United  States  with  a  population  of  two 
million  souls. 

In  Chicago  Dr.  Bassett  found  a  tempo- 
rary boarding  place  on  West  Washington 
Street,  and  opened  an  office  in  the  second 
story  of  a  frame  building  on  Lake  Street, 
where  he  displayed  a  sign  indicating  his 
profession.  A  year  later  he  bought  a  small 


498 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


house  and  lot  on  Clark  Street,  near  Mon- 
roe, then  a  pleasant  neighborhood  of 
frame  cottages  in  the  outskirts  of  the 
town,  paying  for  the  land  about  fifteen 
dollars  per  front  foot.  After  a  few  years 
residence  here  he  converted  his  home  into 
business  property  and  removed  to  the 
West  Side,  taking  up  his  residence  at  the 
corner  of  West  Adams  and  Morgan 
streets,  where  he  purchased  a  small  brick 
cottage  (the  first  of  its  kind  erected  west 
pf  the  river,  with  about  an  acre  of 
ground.  In  1857  he  removed  to  Wauke- 
gan,  where  he  resided  until  1868,  when  he 
returned  to  Chicago,  in  the  meantime  giv- 
ing attention  to  his  landed  interests  in 
Chicago,  making  daily  trips  between  his 
suburban  home  and  the  city  by  the  Chi- 
cago &  Northwestern  Railroad,  the  pi- 
oneer suburban  line  for  the  accommo- 
dation of  dwellers  along  the  North 
Shore.  After  his  return  to  Chicago 
he  erected  a  more  commodious  dwell- 
ing on  the  site  of  his  West  Side  home. 
After  practicing  his  profession  in  Chi- 
cago for  about  twelve  years,  Dr.  Bas- 
sett  turned  his  attention  to  the  improve- 
ment of  his  real  estate,  keeping  pace  with 
the  growth  of  the  city.  In  common  with 
the  mass  of  property  holders  of  the  city 
of  Chicago,  he  was  a  heavy  loser  by  the 
great  fire  of  1871,  the  retrievement  of 
which  cost  him  many  years  of  labor  and 
anxiety.  In  politics  he  was  a  zealous  Re- 
publican, before  the  days  of  the  Civil  War 
maintaining  the  anti-slavery  views  of  his 
ancestors.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  People's  Church,  which  grew  out  of 
the  exclusion  of  Dr.  H.  W.  Thomas  from 
the  Methodist  denomination.  In  1894  he 
removed  to  Evanston,  where  he  contin- 
ued to  reside  until  his  death.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Bassett  had  one  son,  Robert  J.,  a 
lawyer,  who  continued  to  reside  with  his 


parents  during  their  latter  years.  Dr. 
Bassett  died  May  10,  1905,  his  wife  having 
preceded  him,  dying  August  14,  1900. 


HENRY  BASCOM  RIDGAWAY. 

Henry  Bascom  Ridgaway,  D.D.,  LL.  D. 
(deceased),  for  thirty  years  a  most  able 
and  efficient  minister  and  pastor  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  for  ten 
years  President  of  Garrett  Biblical  Insti- 
tute, Evanston,  111.,  was  born  in  Talbot 
County,  Md.,  September  7,  1830.  His  fa- 
ther, James  Ridgaway,  one  of  the  most  ex- 
tensive and  prosperous  farmers  in  Talbot 
County,  was  a  man  of  strong  mental  and 
moral  characteristics,  a  devout  Christian, 
and  a  much  valued  official  of  the  church. 
Mary  (Jump)  Ridgaway,  mother  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  was  a  daughter  of 
Alumbey  Jump,  a  veteran  of  the  Revolu- 
tionary War,  who  served  the  State  of 
Maryland  in  official  positions,  and  was 
Representativein  the  Legislature  from  his 
county  shortly  after  the  successful  ter- 
mination of  the  Revolution.  Henry  B. 
Ridgaway's  parents  moved  to  Baltimore 
when  their  son  was  quite  young,  and  there 
he  attended  the  public  school.  He  subse- 
quently graduated  from  the  high  school, 
the  principal  of  which  left  a  lasting  im- 
press upon  the  after  life  of  his  pupil.  In 
1847  he  entered  Dickinson  College,  at 
Carlisle,  Pa.,  and  was  graduated  from  that 
institution  in  June,  1849.  While  pursu- 
ing his  course  there  he  preached  the  gos- 
pel at  frequent  intervals,  and  after  his 
graduation  taught  a  common  school  for 
one  year.  In  185 1  he  joined  the  Baltimore 
Conference,  was  ordained  a  Deacon  in 
1853.  and  an  Elder,  in  1855,  by  Bishop 
Beverl}'  Waugh.  For  four  years  he  was 
engaged  as  an  itinerant  upon  circuits  in 
Maryland  and  Virginia,  and  in  1856  was 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


499 


assigned  to  the  Harford  Avenue  Church 
in  the  City  of  Bahimore,  which,  with  two 
other  churches  there,  formed  a  city  cir- 
cuit. He  afterwards  served  High  Street 
Church,  Baltimore,  then  in  its  most  flour- 
ishing condition,  and  after  that,  Grace 
Church,  which  had  one  of  the  finest  edi- 
fices and  largest  congregations  in  Balti- 
more. In  1858  he  was  placed  in  charge 
of  the  Chestnut  Street  Methodist  Church 
in  Portland,  Maine,  which  had  just  com- 
pleted an  ornate  and  imposing  place  of 
worship.  Its  new  pastor  attained  the  cli- 
max of  his  pulpit  and  parochial  effective- 
ness while  ministering  to  this  flock,  by 
which  he  was  held  in  the  highest  esteem 
and  affection.  The  country  was  just  pass- 
ing into  the  throes  of  the  Civil  War,  and  a 
Southern  man  in  a  Northern  pastorate 
confronted  a  severe  ordeal,  from  which 
he  emerged  without  the  slightest  distrust 
of  his  patriotism. 

From  Portland  Dr.  Ridgaway  was 
called  to  St.  Paul's  Church,  in  New  York 
City,  then  the  most  conspicuous  church 
in  the  Methodist  denomination.  The 
Washington  Square  Church  was  his  next 
pastorate,  and  the  size  of  the  parish  made 
his  three  years  of  service  there  an  intense 
strain  upon  his  powers  of  endurance.  Dur- 
ing 1867,  however,  he  enjoyed  a  most 
pleasant  ministerial  experience  at  Sing 
Sing,  on  the  Hudson  River.  From  1868 
to  1870  he  was  again  in  charge  of  St. 
Paul's  Church,  New  York  City.  Follow- 
ing this,  he  spent  three  serviceable  years 
at  St.  James  Church,  in  Harlem,  and  then, 
after  a  long  tour  abroad  was  pastor,  for 
one  year  of  St.  James  Church,  Kingston, 
New  York.  His  foreign  journey  was  de- 
voted to  visiting  Egypt,  crossing  the  des- 
ert, traveling  through  Palestine,  and 
going  to  Constantinople  and  Greece.  He 
had,     on     a     former     occasion,     traveled 


through  Great  Britain  and  the  Continent. 
Having  been  transferred  to  the  Cincin- 
nati Conference,  he  was  three  years  in 
charge  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Cincinnati, 
and  three  years  at  Walnut  Hills,  then  a 
suburb  of  that  city.  In  both  parishes  his 
labors  were  highly  effective.  In  1882  Dr. 
Ridgaway  was  elected  Professor  of  His- 
torical Theology  in  Garrett  Biblical  Insti- 
tute, Evanston,  111.,  and  in  1885,  became 
President  of  this  institute  and  Professor 
of  Practical  Theology.  In  1892  he  availed 
himself  of  an  extended  vacation  to  make 
a  tour  of  the  world,  journeying  through 
Europe ;  visiting  the  Riviera,  Florence, 
and  Rome,  Italy ;  passing  through  the 
Suez  Canal,  stopping  at  Bombay  and  mak- 
ing extended  journej's  in  India,  spending 
a  month  in  China,  traveling  through  Ja- 
pan and  returning  by  way  of  the  Pacific 
Ocean  and  the  Canadian   Pacific  Railroad. 

Dr.  Ridgaway  was  one  of  the  editors  of 
the  "Methodist"  during  the  entire  period 
of  its  publication,  and  was  the  author  of 
several  interesting  and  popular  works.  He 
was  also  a  most  entertaining  lecturer  on 
various  topics.  As  a  preacher  he  was 
earnest,  forceful  and  convincing;  as  an  ed- 
ucator, erudite,  yet  simple  and  lucid.  The 
enforced  limits  of  this  sketch  forbid  a  de- 
tailed mention  of  his  manifold  efforts  of 
pen  and  tongue,  or  of  the  numerous  honors 
bestowed  upon  him  by  different  religious 
bodies.  In  1868  he  received  the  degree  of 
D.D.  from  Dickinson  College,  and  that  of 
LL.D.  in  1889. 

Dr.  Ridgaway  was  married,  February 
22,  1853,  to  Rosamond  U.,  daughter  of 
Professor  Caldwell,  of  Dickinson  College. 
Mrs.  Ridgaway  still  survives  her  hus- 
l)and,  having  shared  all  his  experiences  of 
joy  and  sorrow  during  forty  years  of 
wifely  companionship.  His  widely  la- 
mented death  occurred  March  30,  1895. 


500 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


ELLIOTT  ANTHONY,  LL.  D. 

Among  the  names  that  are  justly  enti- 
tled to  be  enrolled  among  the  makers  of 
the  great  commonwealth  of  Illinois  and 
of  the  City  of  Chicago,  is  that  of  Judge 
Elliott  Anthony,  whose  more  than  forty 
years  residence  has  left  its  impress 
upon  the  State  and  the  Nation.  Al- 
though born  in  Central  New  York,  he 
early  saw  the  great  possibilities  which 
the  West  afforded,  and,  as  a  consequence, 
left  his  home  and  native  State  within  one 
month  after  being  admitted  to  the  bar  at 
Oswego  on  !\Iay  7,  185 1,  and  took  up  his 
abode,  first  at  Sterling,  the  county  seat  of 
Whiteside  County,  111.,  where  an  elder 
brother  was  at  that  time  living.  The  next 
autumn  he  removed  to  Chicago,  where  he 
spent  his  life  in  connection  with  his  pro- 
fession, officially  or  otherwise,  though  a 
resident  during  later  years  of  the  city  01 
Evanston.  He  came  at  that  fortunate  pe- 
riod when  everything  was  in  the  formative 
state,  when  there  were  not  more  than  fifty 
lawyers  all  told.  His  rise  was  rapid,  and 
in  less  than  three  years  he  was  known  as 
one  of  the  most  promising  lawyers  at  the 
bar.  Judge  Anthony's  forefathers  were 
Quakers,  who,  early  in  the  seventeenth 
century,  came  to  the  land  to  which  Roger 
Williams  was  exiled,  and  with  which  the 
family  history  has  been  closely  identified 
for  generations.  His  father,  Isaac  An- 
thonv.  was  born  on  the  island  of  Rhode 
Island,  eight  miles  from  Newport.  His 
grandmother  on  his  father's  side  was  a 
Chase,  who  was  connected  with  the  well 
known  Chase  family  of  which  the  late 
Chief  Justice  Chase  was  a  member,  and 
his  mother  a  Phelps,  belonging  to  the 
Phelps  family  of  Vermont,  who  at  an 
early  period  were  residents  of  Connecti- 
cut and  Massachusetts.  The  grandfather 
and  his  familv  were  residents  of  Rhode 


Island  when  the  Hessians  held  it  during 
the  Revolutionary  War,  and  for  some 
alleged  infraction  of  martial  law,  the 
grandfather  and  a  younger  brother  were 
taken  prisoners  and  compelled  to  perform 
various  menial  duties,  which  greatly  em- 
bittered them  against  the  British.  Mr. 
Anthony's  father  was  an  able  historian, 
thoroughly  familiar  with  the  facts  con- 
cerning all  the  Indian  wars  and  the  upris- 
ing of  the  colonies  against  their  mother 
country,  having  obtained  them  from  his 
own  father  and  grandfather,  and  thus  the 
son  acquired  familiar  acquaintance  with 
those  stirring  events  in  our  history  which 
has  had  a  most  lasting  effect  on  all  of  the 
descendants  of  the  family. 

Removing  from  New  England  about  the 
same  time,  Mr.  Anthony's  grandfathers  on 
both  sides  settled  in  \\'ashington  County, 
N.  Y.,  and  purchased  lands  in  the  town  of 
Cambridge,  some  twenty  miles  from 
Albany.  Here  the  father  of  Judge  Anthony 
first  met  Parmelia  Phelps,  to  whom  he 
was  married,  and  one  daughter  and  three 
sons  were  born  of  this  union,  when  the 
father  removed  to  Spafford,  the  south- 
western town  of  Onondaga  County,  and 
commenced  the  life  of  a  typical  pioneer. 
There,  on  June  10,  1827,  the  son  Elliott 
was  born.  This  region  was  then  an 
almost  unbroken  wilderness,  and  here  his 
early  years  were  spent  in  cutting  down 
and  clearing  the  forests  and  assisting  in 
work  on  the  farm.  Three  sisters  were 
born  while  the  family  resided  in  this  lo- 
cality, so  that  there  were  in  all  four 
brothers  and  four  sisters  who  grew  to 
manhood  and  womanhood.  The  children 
attended  the  country  schools,  and  attained 
a  considerable  proficiency  in  the  common 
branches,  later  each  in  turn  taking  a 
course  at  Cortland  Academy,  located  at 
Homer.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  Elliott, 
who  was  the  fourth  son,  left  the  farm  to 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


501 


take  a  preparatory  course  before  entering 
college.  Cortland  Academy  was  at  that 
time  under  the  charge  of  Samuel  B.  Wool- 
worth,  who  subsequently  became  one  of 
the  regents  of  the  State  Universitj'  at 
Albany.  Here  he  remained  two  years 
studying  Greek  and  Latin  and  some  of  the 
higher  branches  of  mathematics,  and  in 
the  fall  of  1847  entered  the  sophomore 
class  at  Hamilton  College,  Clinton,  N.  Y., 
graduating  there  with  high  honors  in  1850. 
Prof.  Theodore  W.  Dwight,  afterwards  so 
distinguished,  was  at  that  time  Professor 
of  Law  and  Political  Economy,  and  com- 
menced private  lessons  to  a  few  students 
who  chose  to  avail  themselves  of  his  serv- 
ices. A  class  having  been  formed  for  the 
year  1850-51,  Mr.  Anthony  returned  to 
Clinton  for  a  year's  course,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  at  Oswego,  May  7,  1851. 
It  was  during  this  period  that  he  and  a 
classmate  by  the  name  of  Joseph  D.  Hub- 
bard had  charge  of  the  academy  located  in 
the  village  of  Clinton,  and  he  had  as  one 
of  his  pupils  Grover  Cleveland,  afterwards 
President  of  the  L^nited  States.  Soon  after 
his  admission  to  the  bar  he  came  west  and 
stopped  for  a  short  time  at  Sterling, 
Whiteside  County,  111.,  where  he  com- 
menced the  practice  of  law  and  where  he 
tried  his  first  case  in  a  court  of  record. 
Returning  east  the  following  year  he  was 
on  the  14th  of  July,  1852,  married  to  Mary 
Dwight,  the  sister  of  his  law  preceptor, 
and  a  granddaughter  of  President  Dwight, 
so  well  known  in  connection  with  Yale 
College.  In  the  fall  of  the  same  year  he 
came  to  Chicago,  and  from  that  time  until 
elected  to  the  bench  in  1880,  he  pursued 
his  profession  with  a  zeal  and  success 
rarely  equaled.  During  his  first  year's 
residence  in  Chicago,  with  the  aid  of  his 
devoted  wife,  he  compiled  "A  Digest  of 
the  Illinois  Reports,"  which  was  soon 
after  published   and   received  with   favor 


by  the  profession  throughout  the  State. 
In  1858  he  was  elected  City  Attorney  for 
Chicago,  and  distinguished  his  adminis- 
tration of  that  responsible  office  by  the 
energy  and  ability  with  which  he  con- 
ducted the  legal  business  of  the  city. 
Later  he  was  for  several  years  specially 
retained  by  the  city  to  conduct  many 
important  cases  in  the  local  courts  and  in 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  and  the 
United  States.  While  acting  for  the  city 
he  established  several  new  and  interesting 
law  points,  among  which  was  that  the  col- 
lection of  special  assessments  could  not 
be  enjoined  by  a  court  of  chancery ;  next, 
that  the  city  of  Chicago  could  not  be  gar- 
nisheed  to  collect  the  salary  or  wages  of 
any  of  its  officers  or  employes  ;  and,  lastly, 
that  no  execution  could  issue  against  the 
city  to  collect  a  judgment;  and  at  a  later 
period,  that  the  city  could  not  tie  up  its 
legislative  powers  by  making  contracts 
with  the  gas  companies  for  the  supply  of 
gas  so  as  to  interfere  with  its  legislative 
prerogatives.  In  1863  he  was  appointed 
the  general  attorney  and  solicitor  of  the 
Galena  &  Chicago  LTnion  Railroad,  which 
during  the  next  year  was  consolidated 
with  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
way. A  contest  arose  over  this  consoli- 
dation, and  he  was  shortly  after  retained 
by  a  number  of  bondholders  and  non-con- 
senting stockholders  to  test  the  validity  of 
the  consolidation,  and  in  connection  with 
the  case  prepared  and  printed  a  most 
remarkable  argument  upon  the  law  of 
the  case,  which  grew  into  a  treatise 
which  he  entitled  "The  Law  Pertain- 
ing to  the  Consolidation  of  Railroads." 
The  late  Samuel  J.  Tilden  was  directly 
interested  in  the  questions  involved,  as 
well  as  many  of  the  leading  capitalists  and 
railway  magnates  in  New  York,  and  the 
array  of  legal  talent  was  formidable,  the 
late  Judge  Beckwith  leading  on  behalf  of 


502 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


the  consolidationists,  and  Judge  Anthony 
leading  on  behalf  of  the  minority  bond- 
holders and  minority  stockholders.  It 
was  tried  as  a  chancery  case  before  Judge 
David  Davis  of  the  United  States  Su- 
preme Court,  then  on  the  circuit,  who 
associated  with  him  the  late  Samuel  H. 
Treat,  United  States  District  Judge  for 
the  Southern  District  of  Illinois,  and  the 
positions  maintained  by  Mr.  Anthony  were 
upheld  and  affirmed  in  almost  every  par- 
ticular. Soon  after  the  parties  met  and 
settled  their  differences  to  the  satisfaction 
of  all,  as  the  consolidationists  found  that 
it  would  be  disastrous  to  them  if  the  liti- 
gation should  be  continued.  At  this  time 
Mr.  Anthony  received  numerous  letters 
from  some  of  the  most  prominent  lawyers 
and  Judges  in  this  country,  complimenting 
him  upon  his  masterly  exposition  of  the 
law.  Among  them  were  the  late  Josiah 
Ouincy  and  Sidney  Bartlett  of  Boston, 
Mr.  Justice  Swayne  of  the  United  States 
Supreme  Court,  the  late  Thomas  A. 
Ewing,  of  Ohio  and  many  others.  His 
brief,  which  was  in  the  shape  of  a  bound 
volume  of  several  hundred  pages,  was  in 
great  demand  in  this  country  and  in 
Europe,  and  was  most  kindly  reviewed  by 
several  of  the  leading  journals  in  Great 
Britain. 

It  fell  to  the  lot  of  Judge  .\nthony  to 
serve  as  a  member  of  two  of  the  conven- 
tions called  to  frame  constitutions  for  the 
State  of  Illinois — the  first  held  in  1862, 
which  framed  a  constitution  that  was 
rejected  by  the  people,  and  the  second 
held  in  1870,  and  which  framed  the  pres- 
ent constitution.  In  both  of  these  con- 
ventions Judge  Anthony  took  a  promi- 
nent part,  and  was  regarded  in  many  re- 
spects as  a  leading  expert  in  that  body 
upon  constitutional  questions  and  meth- 
ods of  procedure.  He  was  made  Chair- 
man   of    the    Executive    Committee    and 


reported  the  article  as  it  now  appears  in 
the  constitution  relating  to  the  Executive 
Department.  He  also  served  upon  the 
Judiciary  Committee,  and  the  committee 
upon  railroads,  and  many  of  the  provi- 
sions in  the  judiciary  articles,  and  most  of 
those  in  regard  to  railroads,  are  the  work 
of  his  hands.  He  was  instrumental  in  pro- 
viding for  the  organization  of  Appellate 
Courts  and  for  additional  Judges  of  the 
Circuit  and  Superior  Courts  of  Cook 
County,  as  the  population  should  increase 
and  public  business  might  require.  At 
an  earlier  period  he  took  part  in  the  for- 
mation of  the  Republican  party  in  this 
State,  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  first  Re- 
publican convention  ever  held  in  Cook 
County,  and  was  for  years  most  active  in 
everything  relating  to  the  welfare  and  suc- 
cess of  that  party.  In  1880  when  the  third 
term  question  came  up,  he  took  a  most 
conspicuous  part  in  that  movement,  was 
elected  Chairman  of  the  Cook  County  con- 
vention, at  which  a  portion  of  the  dele- 
gates withdrew,  was  elected  a  delegate  to 
the  State  Convention,  and  was  then  se- 
lected as  a  contesting  delegate  to  the  Na- 
tional Convention  at  Chicago ;  was,  after 
one  of  the  stormiest  debates  on  record, 
admitted  as  a  delegate  and  participated 
in  the  proceedings  which  resulted  in  the 
nomination  of  General  Garfield  for  Presi- 
dent. In  the  fall  of  that  year  he  was  nomi- 
nated and  elected  to  the  office  of  Judge  of 
the  Superior  Court  of  the  city  of  Chicago, 
and  six  years  later  was  re-elected  to  the 
same  position.  Among  the  marked  traits 
in  Judge  Anthony's  character  were  his 
indomitable  industry,  and  his  devotion  to 
business  which,  coupled  with  executive 
ability,  enabled  him  to  try  and  dispose  of 
cases  with  great  promptness  and  celerity. 
Judge  Anthony  was  a  voluminous  writer, 
and  his  contributions  to  various  legal 
magazines  and  periodicals  would,  if  col- 


II 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


503 


lected,  fill  volumes.  He  was  also  the 
author  of  several  books  of  a  historical 
character,  among  which  may  be  enumer- 
ated "The  Constitutional  History  of  Il- 
linois," "The  Story  of  the  Empire  State," 
and  one  of  local  interest  upon  "Sanitation 
and  Navigation,"  which  has  special  refer- 
ence to  the  disposition  of  sewage  of  the 
city  of  Chicago  and  the  construction  of  a 
ship  canal  to  unite  the  waters  of  Lake 
Michigan  with  those  of  the  Mississippi 
River.  While  acting  as  Corporation  Coun- 
sel of  the  city  of  Chicago  in  1876,  he  wrote 
an  interesting  work  upon  taxation  and  the 
rules  which  had  been  established  regard- 
ing the  levy  and  collection  of  taxes.  This 
work  involved  great  labor  and  research, 
and  has  proved  a  useful  and  timely  contri- 
bution to  the  general  subject,  and  is  very 
frequently  referred  to.  In  1887,  while  hold- 
ing the  Criminal  Court  of  Cook  County, 
which  includes  the  city  of  Chicago,  he 
wrote  a  most  interesting  work  on  the 
"Law  of  Self-Defense,  Trial  by  Jury  in 
Criminal  Cases  and  New  Trials  in  Crim- 
inal Cases,"  which  attracted  a  great  deal 
of  attention  in  this  country,  and  is  the 
first  bold  stand  ever  taken  by  any  jurist 
of  distinction  against  the  wanton  abuses 
which  have  arisen  by  invoking  the  doc- 
trines of  self-defense.  One  of  his  latest 
and  most  valuable  contributions  is  an 
extended  chapter  entitled  "Reminiscences 
of  the  Bench  and  Bar  of  Chicago,"  pub- 
lished in  a  two  volume  edition  of  the 
"Bench  and  Bar  of  Illinois"  under  the  edi- 
torship of  the  late  ex-Gov.  John  M. 
Palmer.  Other  contributions  from  his  pen 
include  a  sketch  of  all  of  the  courts  of 
England;  a  treatise  upon  the  "Law  of 
Arrests  in  Civil  Cases."  and  a  series  of 
articles  upon  "Old  Virginia,"  published  in 
the  "Western  Magazine  of  History."  By 
special  invitation  of  the  State  Bar  Associ- 
ation, he  delivered  a  memorable  address  at 


their  annual  meeting  in  January,  1891, 
upon  "The  Constitutional  History  of 
Illinois,"  and  another  in  the  following 
year,  entitled,  "Remember  the  Pioneers," 
which  is  replete  with  the  most  interesting 
reminiscences. 

Judge  Anthony  was  one  of  the  incorpo- 
rators of  the  Chicago  Law  Institute,  hav- 
ing drawn  up  its  charter  and,  at  his 
own  expense,  visited  Springfield  twice  in- 
one  winter,  while  the  Legislature  was  in 
session,  to  urge  its  passage,  and  for  sev- 
eral terms  served  as  its  President.  He 
was  also  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Chi- 
cago Public  Library,  and  one  of  its  first 
Board  of  Directors  with  which  he  was 
connected  for  a  number  of  years. 

From  his  youth  Judge  Anthony  was  a 
omniverous  reader,  and  had  at  the  time 
of  the  Chicago  Fire,  one  of  the  largest  pri- 
vate libraries  in  the  city.  He  made  sev- 
eral trips  to  Europe,  during  the  last  of 
which  he  visited  Denmark,  Sweden,  Rus- 
sia, Turkey,  Greece,  Italy,  Spain  and  all 
the  regions  along  the  Mediterranean  and 
Southern  France.  Many  of  his  letters 
relating  to  these  countries  were  published 
and  read  with  great  interest.  In  1889 
Judge  Anthony  was  honored  by  his  alma 
mater  with  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws. 
His  death  occurred  at  his  home  at  Evans- 
ton,  February  24,  1898. 


VOLNEY  W.  FOSTER. 

Volney  W.  Foster  (deceased)  was  born 
near  Jefferson,  Wis.,  February  2J,  1848. 
He  attended  the  public  schools  and  the 
Academy  in  Portage  City,  Wis.,  to  which- 
place  his  father  moved  when  Volney  was 
an  infant.  When  he  was  thirteen  years 
of  age  his  father  moved  back  to  Jefferson, 
Wis.,  on  a  farm  where  Volney  attended 
the    district    school.      Afterwards    he    at- 


504 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


tended  Milton  College  at  Milton,  Wis., 
one  year.  His  mother,  who  was  a  gifted 
woman,  helped  him  to  acquire  a  fairly 
good  classical  education.  At  Jefferson  he 
taught  school  several  terms,  holding  the 
position  of  Principal  of  the  Public  Schools 
of  that  city.  Afterwards  he  was  engaged 
in  business  for  himself  as  a  partner  in  the 
firm  of  Piatt,  Gray  &  Foster,  general  mer- 
chants, at  Manitowoc,  Wis.  He  sold 
his  interest  in  this  firm  and  came  to  Chi- 
cago. There  he  was  employed  first  by  the 
Northwestern  Railway.  Later  he  became 
agent  for  a  Wisconsin  Lumber  Company 
and,  still  later,  was  employed  as  cashier 
and  the  representative  of  Schulenburg  & 
Boeckler's  interests  in  the  lumber  firm  of 
James  McDonnel  &  Co.,  Chicago.  After- 
wards he  was  employed  by  Thompson  & 
Barber,  Wholesale  Grocers  on  South 
Water  Street,  Chicago,  as  a  traveling 
salesman. 

In  1874  Mr.  Foster  went  to  Chatham, 
Ontario,  and  there  purchased  a  half  inter- 
est in  the  lumber  business  of  A.  R.  Schul- 
enburg. In  the  following  year  he  pur- 
chased the  entire  business  of  the  Georgian 
Bay  Lumber  Company.  In  1879  he  sold 
his  lumber  business  at  Chatham,  and 
joined  William  D.  Hitchcock  in  the  pur- 
chase, sale  and  manufacture  of  lumber, 
shingles,  railway  ties,  telegraph  poles,  etc., 
the  business  being  carried  on  under  the 
firm  name  of  Hitchcock  &  Foster.  In 
1883.  in  connection  with  Mr.  Hitchcock, 
Amos  H.  Perkins  and  W.  H.  Watson,  he 
organized  the  Western  Paving  &  Supply 
Company.  In  1898  this  company  entered 
extensively  into  the  asphalt-paving  busi- 
ness, establishing  offices  in  Indianapolis, 
Ind.,  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  Evansville,  Ind., 
and  in  Chicago.  In  1892  the  firm  name  of 
Hitchcock  &  Foster  was  dissolved,  Mr. 
Hitchcock  continuing  the  lumber  business 


and  Mr.  Foster  taking  over  the  paving 
business.  In  1898  he  sold  out  his  interest 
in  the  paving  business,  and,  in  1901,  at 
Mexico  City,  in  association  with  Mr. 
Enrique  C.  Creel,  now  Governor  of  the 
State  of  Chihuahua,  Mexico,  he  organ- 
ized the  Almacenes  Generales  de  Deposito 
de  Mexico  y  Vera  Cruz,  S.  A.,  which  is  a 
bonded  warehouse  organization,  with 
warehouses  at  Mexico  City  and  \'era 
Cruz.  Of  this  company  Mr.  Foster  was 
Vice-President.  He  was  also  President 
of  the  L'nited  States  Repair  &  Guaranty 
Company,  the  United  States  Silica  Com- 
pany, the  Chicago,  Waukegan  &  North 
Shore  Railway  and  the  Chicago,  Keno- 
sha &  Milwaukee  Electric  Railway  Com- 
pany, and  he  was  largely  interested  in  the 
North  Shore  Gas  Company  of  Waukegan, 
111.,  in  the  North  Coast  Development 
Company,  of  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  and  the 
Foster  Contracting  Company  of  Illinois. 
None  of  the  companies  or  corporations  in 
which  he  was  interested  ever  failed  in 
business. 

Mr.  Foster  was  the  possessor  of  one  of 
the  finest  private  libraries  in  Evanston, 
and  was  a  diligent  and  discriminating 
reader,  being  especially  fond  of  history 
and  philosophy.  There  were  few  depart- 
ments of  literature  with  which  he  was 
not  well  acquainted,  and  he  had  a  remark- 
able memory  and  an  unusual  gift  of  lan- 
guage, so  that  he  was  able  to  appear  to 
advantage  in  any  company  of  cultivated 
gentlemen  of  which  he  was  a  member. 
In  1901  he  was  appointed  by  President 
McKinley  a  delegate  to  the  Pan-Ameri- 
can Conference,  held  in  Mexico  City  in 
the  Winter  of  1901-02.  He  there  had 
charge  of  formulating  projects  on  Inter- 
national Sanitation,  the  re-organization  of 
the  Bureau  of  American  Republics,  the 
Exchange  of  Diplomas,  and  he  originated 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


505 


and  presented  to  the  Conference  the  proj- 
ect for  the  estabhshment  of  an  Interna- 
tional Archaeological  and  Ethnological 
Association,  with  its  headquarters  at 
\\  ashington.  All  of  these  projects  were 
unanimously  adopted  by  the  Republics 
represented  at  the  Conference.  In  1903 
he  was  appointed  by  the  President  one  of 
the  American  Commissioners  to  the  Con- 
vention held  at  Washington,  Deceml^er 
21,  1903,  for  the  organization  of  the  Inter- 
national Archseological  and  Ethnological 
Association.  In  1904  he  was  appointed 
by  the  Peruvian  Government  as  repre- 
sentative of  Peru  in  this  Association. 

In  1900  he  was  appointed  and  served  as 
Assistant  Treasurer  in  the  National  Re- 
publican campaign.  In  1887  he  organ- 
ized at  his  home,  with  the  assistance  of  a 
few  friends,  the  Sheridan  Road  Associa- 
tion, its  purpose  being  to  promote  the  con- 
struction of  a  free  pleasure  driveway  on 
and  near  the  Shore  of  Lake  Michigan 
between  Chicago  and  Milwaukee.  Of  this 
Association  he  was  President  up  to  the 
time  of  his  death,  and  gave  to  it  largely  of 
his  time  and  money.  This  Association 
secured  State  legislation  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  park  districts  and  pleasure 
driveways,  and  also  the  passage  of  the 
bill  authorizing  the  reclamation  of  sub- 
merged lands  on  Lake  Michigan  by  mu- 
nicipalities for  parks.  In  1891  he  organ- 
ized the  Back-Lot  Studies  Society,  and 
devoted  to  it  premises  near  his  home  in 
Evanston  and  erected  thereon  a  building 
for  its  use.  These  were  known  as  the 
Back-Lot  and  the  Shelter.  The  object  of 
this  was  the  instruction  of  boys  selected 
by  the  Principal  of  the  High  School  and 
the  Principal  of  the  Preparatory  Depart- 
ment of  the  University.  The  attendance 
for  several  years  averaged  sixty-five. 
^^'eekly  meetings  were  held  in  the  Shelter 


and  the  boys  were  addressed  by  practical 
and  successful  business  men  on  the  dif- 
ferent kinds  of  human  activity  called  busi- 
ness. In  the  summer  of  1903  he  main- 
tained on  these  premises  a  nature  study 
class,  in  charge  of  an  able  director,  where 
eighty-five  young  people  were  taught. 

In  1876  Mr.  Foster  was  married  at 
Brockport,  N.  Y.,  to  Eva  Adele  Hill,  the 
daughter  of  Ezra  N.  Hill,  of  that  city. 
Of  this  marriage  were  born  two  children, 
Albert  Volney  Foster,  born  in  1877,  and 
Eva  Cornelia  Foster,  born  in  1879.  .\Ibert 
graduated  from  Harvard  L^niversity  and 
Eva  at  Smith  College,  Northampton.  Eva 
married  Mr.  ^Valter  Leisenring  Righter, 
and  now  resides  at  Plainfield,  N.  J.  Mrs. 
Foster  died  in  1887. 

]\Ir.  Foster  was  a  member  of  the  Glen 
View  Golf  Club,  a  charter  member  of  the 
Evans'ton  Club  and  a  member  of  the 
Union  League  Club  of  Chicago,  of  which 
he  was  President  in  1901.  He  organized 
the  Evanston  Ethical  Club,  which  held 
its  meetings  at  his  home  for  several  years 
and  afterwards  at  his  rooms  at  his  hotel. 
He  was  also  a  charter  member  of  the 
Evanston  Country  Club  and  an  honorary 
'  member  of  the  University  Club  of  Evans- 
ton, a  member  of  the  Society  of  Colonial 
Wars,  and  of  the  Society  of  Mayflower 
Descendants.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
International  Peace  Society,  and  author 
of  the  bill  introduced  in  both  Houses  of 
Congress,  in  1893,  ^or  the  establishment 
of  the  National  Arbitration  Tribunal. 
This  bill  attracted  very  general  attention 
and  it  is  believed  that,  of  he  had  lived,  its 
essential  features  would  have  been  incor- 
porated into  a  national  law.  He  regarded 
this  as  the  most  important  work  of  his 
life.  Mr.  Foster's  death  occurred  August 
15,  1904- 


5o6 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


JOHN  B.  KIRK. 

John  B.  Kirk  (deceased),  former  man- 
ufacturer, Chicago,  with  residence  in 
Evanston,  was  born  in  Utica,  N.  Y., 
November  8,  1842,  the  second  son  of  the 
late  James  S.  Kirk,  who  was  a  native  of 
Glasgow,  Scotland,  and  was  brought  in 
his  infancy  by  his  father  to  Montreal. 
Canada.  Here  James  S.  Kirk  grew 
to  manhood,  married  Nancy  Ann  Dun- 
ning, of  Ottawa,  Canada,  in  1839,  and 
the  same  year  located  at  Utica,  N.  Y., 
where  he  entered  into  mercantile  business 
with  his  father.  In  1859  the  firm  removed 
to  Chicago  where  they  founded  the  house 
of  James  S.  Kirk  &  Company,  which  at 
the  time  of  James  S.  Kirk's  death,  in 
1886,  was  one  of  the  most  extensive  man- 
ufacturers of  soap,  perfumery,  etc.,  in  this 
country.  John  B.  received  his  early  school 
training  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
place,  where  he  remained  until  seventeen 
years  of  age,  in  the  meantime  receiving 
■a  sound  English  education.  At  first  he 
had  a  strong  predilection  for  a  profe.s- 
sional  career,  but  yielding  to  the  wishes 
of  his  father,  entered  upon  a  business 
career,  finally  succeeding  the  latter  in  a 
branch  of  manufacturing  industry  which 
has  grown  to  large  proportions.  Under 
his  father's  eye  he  was  initiated  into  the 
mysteries  of  chemistry  connected  with 
the  manufacture  of  the  various  products 
turned  out  by  the  firm  of  James  S.  Kirk 
&  Company,  meanwhile  being  trained  in 
bookkeeping  and  business  methods.  After 
serving  a  regular  apprenticeship  under 
such  thorough  tutorship,  having  demon- 
strated his  qualifications  while  still  a 
young  man,  he  was  admitted  as  a  partner 
of  the  concern,  sharing  with  his  father 
the  responsibility  of  its  management.  In 
this  way  he  was  able  to  render  his  father 


most  valuable  assistance  during  the  period 
of  depression  immediately  following  the 
great  fire  of  1871,  in  which  the  firm  suf- 
fered a  loss  of  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  mil- 
lion dollars.  In  the  work  of  reorganiza- 
tion he  bore  a  prominent  part,  and  the 
business  was  soon  placed  on  a  substantial 
basis.  It  is  worthy  of  note  here  that  the 
site  of  the  plant  now  occupied  by  the 
Kirk  Manufacturiiio-  Company,  on  North 
Water  Street,  is  that  of  the  first  home 
occupied  by  permanent  white  settlers  in 
Chicago,  known  as  the  historic  "Kinzie 
Mansion." 

Besides  the  manufacturing  interests  in 
which  he  held  the  position  of  President, 
Mr.  Kirk  had  been  connected  with  a  num- 
ber of  financial  enterprises,  including  the 
late  American  Exchange  National  Bank 
(merged  a  few  years  ago  in  the  Corn 
Exchange  Bank),  of  which  he  was  Pres- 
ident from  1890  to  1894.  He  was  also 
deeply  interested  in  the  prosperity  of  the 
Northwestern  University,  which  he 
served  for  several  years  as  Trustee,  and 
in  connection  with  which  he  founded  the 
$100  prize  for  oratory,  which  was  of  deep 
interest  to  the  students  of  the  Senior 
Class. 

Mr.  Kirk  was  married  October  4,  1866, 
to  Miss  Susie  MacV^ean,  the  daughter  of 
Mr.  D.  McVean,  of  Chicago,  and  of  this 
union  four  children  "were  born:  James 
M.,  Frederick  I.,  Josephine  and  Susie. 
For  many  years  his  home  was  in  Evans- 
ton,  where  he  enjoyed  the  confidence  and 
respect  of  a  large  circle  of  friends.  On 
November  i,  1904,  ^Ir.  Kirk's  notable 
career  as  a  business  man  and  public-spir- 
ited citizen  was  terminated  by  his  sud- 
den death,  in  New  York  City,  while  on  a 
business  visit  to  that  place. 


II 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


507 


SIMEON  FARWELL. 

Simeon  Farwell,  niercliant  and  head  of 
one  of  the  most  widely  known  mercantile 
houses  in  the  West,  has  been  a  resident 
of  Evanston  since  1876.  He  was  born  at 
Campbelltown,  Steuben  County,  N.  Y.. 
March  22,  1831,  the  son  of  Henry  and 
Nancy  (Jackson)  Farwell,  and  a  descend- 
ant in  the  seventh  generation  of  Henry 
Farwell,  who  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  colony  of  Concord,  Mass.,  incorpo- 
rated in  1635.  Back  of  its  advent  in  this 
country,  the  history  of  the  Farwell  fam- 
ily is  traced  to  the  thirteenth  century,  and 
to  Richard  Farwell  of  Yorkshire,  who 
gained  distinction  in  the  reign  of  King 
Edward  I.  The  American  branch  of  the 
family  has  had  many  prominent  repre- 
sentatives in  various  walks  of  life  in  New 
England,  and  in  later  years  in  many 
States  of  the  Union.  The  father  of 
Simeon  Farwell,  who  removed  from  Mass- 
achusetts to  New  York  State,  was  a 
farmer  by  occupation  in  the  last  named 
State,  and  later  became  one  of  the  pio- 
neer agriculturists  in  Ogle  County,  111. 
"He  removed  with  his  family  to  this  State 
in  1838,  and  the  son,  Simeon,  passed  the 
next  few  years  of  his  life  on  the  farm  near 
Oregon,  aiding  as  a  boy  to  bring  under 
cultivation  the  prairie  lands  which  his 
father  had  acquired.  He  was  educated  at 
Mt.  Morris  Seminary,  Mt.  Morris,  111., 
fitting  himself  for  a  commercial  career. 
In  July  of  1849  he  came  to  Chicago,  and 
had  his  earliest  experience  in  this  city  as 
Deputy  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court,  of 
which  the  pioneer  Chicagoan,  L.  D. 
Hoard,  was  then  Clerk.  After  filling  this 
position  about  two  years,  Mr.  Farwell 
entered,  as  a  clerk,  the  noted  old-time 
banking  house  of  George  Smith,  in  its  dav 
the  most  famous  financial  institution  in 
the  \\'cst.     A  year  later  he  resigned  this 


position  to  become  a  clerk  in  the  dry- 
goods  house  of  Cooley,  Wadsworth  & 
Co.,  accepting  a  lower  salar}^  than  he  had 
been  receiving  in  order  that  he  might 
learn  the  business  to  which  he  had  de- 
cided to  devote  his  after  life.  When  he 
entered  the  employ  of  this  firm,  he  took 
charge  of  its  books  and  accounts,  bring- 
ing to  the  discharge  of  his  duties  untiring 
energy,  a  thorough  knowledge  of  his  busi- 
ness and  strict  integrity,  which  consti- 
tuted an  excellent  basis  for  success.  He 
continued  to  act  as  bookkeeper  of  the 
firm  until  1860,  and  in  1870  was  admitted 
to  a  partnership.  In  the  meantime,  in 
i860,  the  firm  had  become  Cooley,  Far- 
well  &  Co.,  Mr.  Farwell's  elder  brother, 
John  V.  Farwell,  since  widely  known  as 
a  merchant,  being  the  junior  partner. 
John  V.  Farwell  had  preceded  the  younger 
brother  to  Chicago,  as  had  also  another 
brother,  Charles  B.  Farwell,  later  mer- 
chant, banker  and  United  States  Senator. 
In  1865  the  firm  became  John  V.  Farwell 
&  Co.,  a  name  which  it  has  since  retained, 
with  slight  change,  although  the  co-part- 
nership was  succeeded  in  1890  by  the  J. 
\\  Farwell  Company,  incorporated.  This 
pioneer  dry-goods  house,  known  now  and 
for  many  years  past  throughout  the 
United  States,  and  which  annually  has  a 
trade  aggregating  many  millions  of  dol- 
lars, has  graduated  from  its  salesrooms 
some  of  the  most  famous  merchants  in 
the  world ;  among  them,  Marshall  Field, 
Levi  Z.  Leiter,  H.  N.  Higinbotham,  and 
others.  The  connection  of  Simeon  Far- 
well  with  this  house  and  its  predecessors 
has  covered  a  period  of  fifty-five  years, 
and  for  twenty-five  3'ears  he  has  taken  a 
leading  part  in  its  conduct  and  manage- 
ment. He  became  Vice-President  of  the 
J.  V.  Farwell  Company  at  the  time  of  its 
incorporation  in  1890,  and  since  1900  has 
been  its  President.   To  the  building  up  of 


=;o8 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


this  great  commercial  institution  his  activ- 
ities have  been  mainl_v  given,  although 
for  some  years  he  was  a  Director  of  the 
Metropolitan  National  Bank.  The  meas- 
ure of  its  success  evidences  the  measure 
of  his  ability  as  a  merchant,  and  the 
breadth  and  scope  of  his  genius  in  the 
field  of  commerce.  In  the  early  years  of 
his  business  career  in  Chicago  his  home 
was  in  this  city,  but  as  previously  stated, 
he  became  a  resident  of  Evanston  in  1876. 
Since  then  he  has  been  a  leading  citizen 
of  this  classic  suburb  of  Chicago,  and  a 
leader  in  advancing  the  interests  of  the 
little  city  and  its  institutions. 

Mr.  Farwell  is  a  Methodist  in  religious 
belief,  and  a  communicant  of  the  First 
Methodist  Church  of  Evanston.  In  1857 
he  married,  at  Sardinia.  Erie  County,  N. 
Y.,  Miss  Ebenette  M.  Smith,  daughter  of 
Rev.  Isaac  B.  Smith,  a  Methodist  clergy- 
man of  the  Empire  State.  Their  living 
children  are  Henry  S.  Farwell,  now  con- 
nected with  the  great  mercantile  house 
which  his  father  helped  to  build  up,  and 
Mrs.  Ruth  f  Farwell)  Gridley,  of  Evans- 
ton. Their  eldest  daughter,  Anna  Pearl 
Farwell,  died  in  1893. 


WILLIAM   HUGH  JONES. 

William  Hugh  Jones,  Evanston,  111., 
President  of  the  Piano  ^lanufacturing 
Company,  one  of  the  substantial  indus- 
tries of  the  city  of  Chicago,  was  born  in 
Wales  in  1845,  on^  °^  eight  children — six 
sons  and  two  daughters — of  Hugh  and 
Jennett  Jones.  His  father,  who  was  a 
farmer  in  comfortable  circumstances, 
came  to  America  in  1812,  locating  near 
Utica,  N.  Y.,  where  his  first  wife  died. 
He  later  returned  to  Whales,  where  he 
married  his  second  wife,  the  mother  of 
the   subject   of  this   sketch.     In    1857   he 


again  came  with  his  family  to  America, 
first  locating  in  Wisconsin,  whence  he 
removed  in  1873  to  Iowa,  dying  in  How- 
ard County  in  that  State  in  1876,  aged 
eighty-two  years.  His  widow,  who  sur- 
vived her  husband  about  four  years,  was 
a  daughter  of  Richard  Jones,  an  extensive 
farmer  of  Wales,  who  reached  the  age  of 
ninety-two  years. 

William  H.  Jones  remained  in  his  native 
land  until  twelve  years  of  age,  when  he 
came  with  his  parents  to  Wisconsin,  and 
there  spent  his  youth  in  farm  work  with 
his  father  until  he  reached  his  majority. 
In  1866  he  became  agent  for  the  Dodge 
Reapers  and  Champion  Mowers  at  Berlin, 
Wis.,  remaining  in  this  business  until 
1868,  when  he  entered  into  the  employ- 
ment of  L.  J.  Bush  &  Co.,  of  Milwaukee, 
as  traveling  salesman.  Two  years  later 
(1870)  he  formed  a  connection  with  E. 
H.  Gammon  for  the  sale  of  the  Marsh 
Harvester  and  Dodge  Reapers.  This  con- 
cern afterwards  became  the  firm  of  Gam- 
mon &  Deering,  which  was  dissolved  in 
1879  by  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Gammon. 
Mr.  Jones  remained  with  Mr.  Deering 
until  1880  and  in  1881  organized  at  Piano, 
111.,  The  Piano  Manufacturing  Company, 
assuming  the  office  of  President,  which 
position  he  has  retained  to  the  present 
time.  In  1893  this  concern  erected  a  new 
factory,  covering  an  area  of  twenty  acres 
in  West  Pullman  ( now  One  Hundred  an 
Twentieth  Street.  Chicago),  which  was 
furnished  with  improved  machinery  and 
facilities,  which  has  resulted  in  a  largely 
extended  trade,  both  home  and  foreign. 
Air.  Jones'  early  experience  as  a  farmer 
fitted  him  to  judge  the  needs  of  the  farm- 
ing class,  while  his  later  connection  with 
practical  manufacturing  enterprises  has 
enabled  him  to  apply  this  knowledge  in  a 
way  greatly  to  benefit  the  farmers  and 
extend  the  trade.     In   1877  he  opened  a 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


509 


wholesale  implement  house  at  Minneap- 
olis, which  carried  on  a  large  business, 
and  with  which  he  continued  to  be  con- 
nected until   1889. 

Mr.  Jones  was  married  in  1867  to  Miss 
Elizabeth  Owens,  and  three  sons  were 
bopn  of  this  union — Hugh  W.,  William  O. 
and  Garfield  R.  The  parents  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
in  which  Mr.  Jones  holds  the  position  of 
Trustee.  In  political  views  he  is  an  ad- 
herent of  the  Republican  party,  but  votes 
independently  on  local  questions,  and  has 
never  been  a  seeker  for  office  in  his  own 
behalf.  Since  1872  he  has  been  a  resident 
of  Evanston,  with  the  exception  of  a 
short  time  s]5ent  at  ^Minneapolis  and  at 
Piano,  111.,  and  is  held  in  high  estimation 
as  a  public-spirited  and  enterprising  cit- 
izen. Mr.  Jones  is  now  a  \'ice-President , 
and  Director  of  the  International  Har- 
vester  Company. 


CHARLES  GATES  DAWES. 

Charles  G.  Dawes,  President  of 
Central  Trust  Company  of  Illinois,  and 
former  Comptroller  of  the  Currency,  was 
born  at  Marietta,  Ohio,  August  27,  1865, 
the  son  of  Gen.  Rufus  R.  Dawes,  who 
served  as  Colonel  of  the  Sixth  Wisconsin 
^'olunteer  Infantry  (which  constituted  a 
part  of  the  "Iron  Brigade"  under  com- 
mand of  Gen.  Edward  S.  Bragg)  during 
the  Civil  War.  and  at  the  close  of  the 
war  was  brevetted  as  Brigadier-General 
for  gallant  service.  Mr.  Dawes"  mother. 
Mary  (Gates)  Dawes,  was  a  member  o{ 
one  of  the  oldest  families  of  Southern 
Ohio,  her  father  being  Beman  Gates,  a 
prominent  business  man  and  banker  of  his 
time,  and  his  great-grandfather  tlie  cele- 
brated Manasseh  Cutler,  who  was  a  prom- 
inent   representative    of    the    Ohio    Land 


Company  just  after  the  close  of  the  Rev- 
olutionary War,  and  is  credited  with  hav- 
ing been  the  author  of  the  anti-slavery 
clause  of  the  Ordinance  of  1787,  protect- 
ing the  territory  northwest  of  the  Ohio 
River  from  the  admission  of  slavery. 

Charles  G.  Dawes  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools  and  at  Marietta  College, 
graduating  from  the  latter  in  1884.  Two 
years  later  he  graduated  from  the  Cincin- 
nati Law  School,  during  his  vacation 
working  as  a  civil  engineer  on  the  Toledo 
&  Ohio  Central  Railroad,  of  which  he 
later  became  Chief  Engineer.  In  1887  he 
went  to  Lincoln,  Neb.,  where  for  the  next 
seven  years  he  was  engaged  in  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession.  Having  in  the 
meantime  made  a  special  study  of  the 
question  of  railroad  freight  rates,  he  was 
retained  by  a  number  of  Nebraska  ship- 
pers in  the  prosecution  of  suits  against 
railroad  companies  for  violation  of  the 
Inter-State  Commerce  Law,  in  which  he 
displayed  marked  ability. 

In  1894,  having  acquired  an  interest  in 
a  gas  company,  Mr.  Dawes  removed  to 
Evanston,  111.,  whicli  has  since  been  his 
home  except  when  in  the  Government 
service.  While  a  resident  of  Nebraska  he 
had  gained  much  prominence  as  a  cham- 
pion of  the  principles  of  the  Republican 
l)arty,  and,  on  coming  to  Illinois,  at  once 
Iiecame  an  important  factor  in  the  move- 
ment to  secure  the  nomination  of  W'il- 
liam  McKinley  for  President.  Largely 
through  his  influence  and  active  efforts 
the  Republican  State  Convention  at 
Springfield,  in  1896,  adopted  resolutions 
instructing  the  delegates  to  the  National 
Convention  there  appointed  to  cast  their 
votes  for  McKinley,  and  Mr.  Dawes  was 
appointed  a  member  of  the  Executive 
Committee  of  the  Republican  National 
Committee  and  bore  an  important  part  in 
the    following    campaign.      In    January. 


510 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


1898,  he  was  appointed  by  President  Mc- 
Kinley  Comptroller  of  the  Currency  as 
successor  to  James  H.  Eckels,  retaining 
this  position  until  October,  1901,  when 
he  tendered  his  resignation  with  a  view 
to  becoming  a  candidate  for  the  United 
States  Senate.  In  May,  1902.  having 
withdrawn  from  the  candidacy  for  the 
Senate,  he  was.  a  few  days  later,  elected 
President  of  the  Central  Trust  Company 
of  Illinois,  with  headquarters  in  Chicago, 
a  position  which  he  has  retained  contin- 
uously to  the  present  time.  Having  made 
banking  and  finance  a  study  for  many 
years,  he  is  regarded  as  an  authority  on 
these  questions,  and  is  the  author  of  a 
volume  on  "The  Banking  System  of  the 
United  States." 

Mr.  Dawes  was  married  on  January  24, 
1889.  to  Miss  Caro  Dana  Blymyer,  of  Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio. 


•      MERRITT  C.  BRAGDOX.  M.  D. 

Dr.  Merritt  C.  Bragdon,  one  of  the  most 
prominent  and  successful  physicians  and 
surgeons  of  Cook  County,  111.,  whose 
career  as  a  skillful  practitioner  in  Evans- 
ton,  the  city  of  his  home,  extended  over 
a  period  of  more  than  thirty  years,  was 
born  in  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  January  6,  1850, 
the  son  of  Rev.  Charles  P.  and  Sarah 
(Cushman)  Bragdon,  natives  of  the  State 
of  Maine,  born  in  the  towns  of  Acton 
and  East  Poland,  respectively.  Rev. 
Charles  P.  Bragdon  was  reared  to  man- 
hood in  his  native  State,  and  there,  in 
early  youth,  made  diligent  use  of  the 
opportunities  for  mental  training  afforded 
by  the  public  schools.  At  a  later  period 
he  became  a  pupil  in  Cazenovia  Seminary, 
N.  Y.,  where  he  pursued  a  course  of  study, 
which  fitted  him  for  his  subsequent  long 
and  eminentl}-  useful  career  in  the  minis- 


try, covering  a  wide  field  of  activity.  He 
entered  the  ministry  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  in  Maine,  and  was  aft- 
erwards stationed  at  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  until 
he  was  called  to  the  agency  of  the  Meth- 
odist Book  Depository  at  Springfield, 
Alass.,  where  he  remained  until  1854.  In 
that  year  he  made  his  home  in  Illinois, 
becoming'  a  member  of  the  Rock  River 
Conference.  His  first  pastoral  charge 
was  at  Waukegan,  where  he  remained  for 
two  years.  His  next  appointment  was  at 
Aurora,  from  whence  he  was  transferred 
to  Evanston,  where,  in  1858,  he  became 
one  of  the  earlj'  pastors  of  the  First  Meth- 
odist Church.  He  was  greatly  beloved 
by  the  pioneer  residents  of  Evanston  who 
founded  and  built  up  the  "First  Church," 
which  is  now  one  of  the  leading  churches 
of  the  Northwest,  conspicuous  in  Chris- 
tian work,  abounding  in  material  prosper- 
ity, and  noted  for  the  moral  and  intel- 
lectual culture  of  its  members.  On  the 
termination  of  a  useful  pastorate  of  two 
years  in  this  connection,  the  health  of 
Mr.  Bragdon  having  become  seriously  im- 
paired, he  was  compelled  to  relinquish  his 
ministerial  labors  and  withdraw  from 
active  labor.  He  departed  this  life  in 
Evanston  on  January  8,  1861.  His  esti- 
mable wife  survived  her  husband  for  more 
than  forty  years,  during  which  period  she 
continued  to  reside  in  Evanston.  She 
passed  away  on  January  29,  1902,  at  the 
age  of  eighty-three  years. 

At  the  time  when  the  Bragdon  family 
established  their  home  in  Evanston,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  eight  years  of 
age.  He  received  his  primary  mental 
training  in  the  local  schools,  and  after 
pursuing  a  course  of  preparatory  study, 
matriculated  in  Northwestern  University, 
from  which  he  was  graduated  in  the 
class  of  1870.  Immediately  after  gradua- 
tion, he  began  reading  medicine  under  the 


11 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


511 


preceptorship  of  Dr.  Xathan  Smith  Davis, 
whose  extended  and  distinguished  career 
as  a  physician  and  educator  placed  him 
at  the  head  of  his  profession,  and  whose 
fame  as  author  and  founder  of  the  Amer- 
ican Aledical  Association  spread  through- 
out the  scientific  world.  Dr.  Bragdon  at- 
tended his  first  course  of  lectures  at  the 
Chicago  Medical  College,  and  subse- 
quently became  a  student  in  the  Hahne- 
mann Medical  College  at  Philadelphia, 
from  which  he  was  graduated  in  the  class 
of  1873.  .^fter  receiving  the  degree  of  M. 
D.  from  this  institution,  he  went  abroad 
and  continued  his  studies  at  Vienna,  de- 
voting particular  attention  to  obstetrics 
and  surgery.  On  completing  his  post- 
graduate researches  he  returned  to  Evans- 
ton,  and  entered  into  a  professional  part- 
nership with  Dr.  O.  H.  Mann,  who  then 
had  a  large  practice,  but  is  now  retired. 
This  connection  lasted  three  years,  and 
since  the  end  of  that  peirod,  Dr.  Bragdon 
has  continued  in  practice  alone.  His 
growth  in  popular  favor  has  been  rapid 
and  continuous,  and  he  long  ago  became 
one  of  the  leading  practitioners  of  his 
section  of  the  State.  The  devotion  which 
he  has'  manifested  to  professional  duty 
has  been  of  an  intense  and  useful  nature, 
and  nothing  has  been  permitted  by  him 
to  interfere  with  the  attention  due  to 
those  who  required  his  treatment  or 
sought  his  friendly  counsel.  He  was 
chosen  to  a  professorship  in  the  Hahne- 
mann Medical  College  of  Chicago,  but 
declined  the  honor,  lest  an  acceptance 
should  prove  detrimental  to  his  success 
as  a  practicing  physician  in  Evanston — 
the  college  being  located  at  so  great  a 
distance  from  his  field  of  labor.  He  is. 
however,  a  member  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Homceopathy,  and  the  Illinois 
State  HomcEopathic  Association. 

Dr.  Bragdon  has  taken  an  active  inter- 


est in  public  affairs,  and  has  been  a 
steadfast  advocate  and  supporter  of  all 
that  is  wholesome  and  desirable  in  con- 
nection with  the  material  and  educational 
interests  of  Evanston.  He  was  one  of 
the  founders  and  an  original  stockholder 
of  the  State  Bank  of  Evanston,  and  has 
for  a  number  of  years  been  a  member  of 
the  directorate  of  that  admirably  managed 
financial  institution.  Of  the  welfare  of 
the  Northwestern  University  he  has  al- 
ways been  a  helpful  promoter,  and  has 
contributed  to  its  prosperity  through  indi- 
vidual etifort,  and  as  a  member  of  its  Board 
of  Trustees.  As  a  churchman  he  has  used 
his  best  endeavors  to  advance  the  inter- 
ests of  the  First  Methodist  Church  of 
Evanston,  with  the  official  board  of  which 
he  is  identified. 

On  June  6,  1876,  Dr.  Bragdon  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Elizabeth  \\'ayne 
Byerly,  a  lady  of  many  virtues  and  graces, 
and  a  daughter  of  David  Byerly,  who  was 
a  representative  of  one  of  the  old  Quaker 
families  of  Philadelphia.  The  children 
resulting  from  this  union  are  as  follows : 
Elizabeth,  Wayne,  Charles  Ridgaway, 
Sara   Frances,  and   Merritt   Caldwell.  Jr. 

In  politics,  the  subject  of  this  sketch  is 
an  adherent  of  the  Republican  party,  to 
which  he  lends  an  unselfish  support.  As 
boy  and  man,  he  has  been  a  witness  of  the 
progress  of  Evanston  and  its  institutions 
from  an  early  period,  and  has  borne  his 
full  share  in  their  development.  Through- 
out the  community  he  is  held  in  high 
esteem. 


LEVI  CARROLL   PITNER. 

Rev.  Levi  Carroll  Pitner,  retired,  Evans- 
ton, was  born  in  Wilson  County,  Tenn., 
January  24,  1824,  the  son  of  Michael  and 
Catherine  (Rouble)  Pitner.  Michael  Pit- 
ner was  born  in  Rockingham  County,  Va., 


K12 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


the  son  of  John  Pitner,  a  native  of  the 
same  State.     John  Pitner  was  a  soldier  in 
the    Revolutionary    War    for    the    entire 
period  of  seven  years,  and  Michael  Pitner 
was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812,  serving 
with    General   Jackson   at    Xew    Orleans. 
At   the   age  of  eighteen,   Michael    Pitner 
removed  to  East  Tennessee,  near  Knox- 
ville,   and  here  his   marriage   took   place. 
In    the    year     1799,    this     heroic    couple 
crossed  the   Cumberland   Mountains   and 
went  to  Wilson  County,  West  Tennessee, 
where  they  purchased  a  farm,  which,  for 
thirty-two    years,   continued    to   be    their 
home.     On   this    homestead   twelve   chil- 
dren   were    born — seven    sons    and    five 
daughters, — eleven  of  whom  grew  to  matu- 
rity.    Four    of   these    sons    preceded    the 
family  to   Illinois,   and  so  glowing  were 
the  accounts  sent  back,  that  the  remainder 
soon   followed,   arriving   at   the   home   of 
Montgomery    Pitner,    a    relative,    on    the 
second  day  of  September,  1837,  and  locat- 
ing soon  afterward  on  a  farm   in   North 
Prairie,  nine  miles  northwest  of  Jackson- 
ville.    Before  a  permanent  home  could  be 
provided,    the    head    of    the    family    was 
stricken  with  disease,  which  proved  fatal, 
and  ended  his  life  at  the  age  of  sixty-two. 
Levi  Carroll  Pitner,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  was  then  sixteen.     He  was  greatly 
distressed  at  the  death  of  his  parent,  and. 
as  a  result  of  that  father's  example  and 
death-bed    solicitude,    the    son    gave    his 
heart  to  God  and  united  with  the  M.  E. 
Church.     From  the  day  of  his  conversion 
the   conviction   grew   upon   him    that   his 
life-work  was  to  be  preaching  the  Gospel. 
At  length  he  was  appointed  class-leader; 
next  he  received  a  license  to  exhort,  and 
later  a  license  to  preach  from  the  Quar- 
terly Conference  of  the  Jacksonville  Cir- 
cuit.    He  was  next  recommended  for  ad- 
mission to  the  Illinois  Conference,  which 
he  joined    September  4,    1845.     In   those 


days  the  conferences  maintained  a  strict 
course  of  study,  which  Mr.  Pitner  success- 
fully completed.  His  first  work  was  on 
the  Jerseyville  Circuit  as  junior  colleague 
of  the  Rev.  James  Leaton,  and  there  had 
a  happy  and  prosperous  year.  He  later 
had  charge  at  Quincy,  Carlinville,  Beards- 
town,  Bloomington,  Jacksonville  and 
Decatur.  One  of  the  twenty-three  years 
of  Mr.  Pitner's  connection  with  the  Illi- 
nois Conference  was  spent  as  agent  to 
raise  $40,000  with  which  to  build  the 
Ouincy  College,  now  known  as  Chaddock 
College.  In  1866  he  was  appointed  Con- 
ference agent  for  the  purpose  of  raising 
$100,000  to  aid  the  conference  institutions 
of  learning,  including  Garrett  Biblical 
Institute.  This  large  amount,  by  the  aid 
of  the  ministry  and  the  laymen,  was 
raised  during  that  year.  Mr.  Pitner  served 
three  years  as  Presiding  Elder  of  the  Dan- 
ville district,  and  was  an  active  force  in 
man}'  large  camp-meetings  so  popular 
during  that  period  of  church  history.  The 
arduous  labors  in  which  he  had  so  long 
indulged  were  a  severe  strain  on  his  phys- 
ical strength,  and  at  the  advice  of  his 
many  friends  he  at  length  asked  for  loca- 
tion, Bishop  Janes  signing  his  release 
fiom  service. 

On  August  30,  1848,  Mr.  Pitner  was 
married  to  Miss  Arminda  F.  Cartwright, 
daughter  of  Rev.  Peter  Cartwright,  D.  D.. 
famous  among  the  pioneer  preachers  of 
W'estern  Methodism.  Their  only  child  is 
Lee  J.  Pitner  of  Evanston. 

After  his  retirement  from  the  itinerary 
service,  deciding  to  locate  in  Evanston, 
111.,  ]\Ir.  Pitner  was  confronted  with  the 
serious  problem  of  making  a  living.  He 
finally  w^nt  into  the  real  estate  business, 
and  as  his  venture  began  just  at  the  time 
when  Chicago  was  having  "a  boom"  and 
when  buyers  were  plentiful,  he  made  a 
success,  clearing  about  $200,000  in  three 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


513 


or  four  years.  The  panic  of  1873,  how- 
ever, swept  away  all  but  his  home.  In 
the  early  'eighties  the  tide  of  fortune  again 
turned  in  his  favor.  He  was  happy  in 
making  investments  in  Hammond,  Ind.. 
and  also  in  Seattle,  Wash.,  and  has  since 
that  date  lived  in  the  enjoyment  of  a  com- 
fortable competency.  In  his  political 
views,  Mr.  Pitner,  after  having  voted 
twice  for  Lincoln,  because  of  his  temper- 
ance principles  went  over  to  the  Prohibi- 
tion Party  in  1884.  In  1888  he  was  Chair- 
man of  the  State  Central  Committee  for 
his  party,  and  led  the  campaign  for  Fiske 
and  Brooks.  At  that  election  the  party 
cast  a  larger  number  of  votes  in  Illinois 
than  has  been  cast  at  any  Presidential 
election  since,  with  the  exception  of  that 
of  1904.  Notwithstanding  the  fact  that 
he  was  Southern  born  he  was  an  ardent 
Unionist  during  the  Civil  War,  support- 
ing the  cause  with  all  the  means  and  in- 
fluence at  his  command.  It  is  equally  note- 
worthy that  he  was  a  strong  anti-slavery 
man  before  the  war,  voting  for  General 
John  C.  Fremont  in  1856.  ^^'hen  the  war 
had  settled  the  slavery  question,  his 
strong  convictions  on  the  subject  of  pro- 
hibiting the  liquor  traffic  carried  him  in 
1884  into  the  Prohibition  party,  and  he 
has  been  a  consistent  and  forceful  cham- 
pion of  the  principles  of  that  party  ever 
since.  He  is  now  a  local  elder  in  Emman- 
uel M.  E.  Church,  Evanston.  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  official  board. 


REV.  MINER  RAYMOND,  D.  D.,  LL.  D. 

January  2nd,  A.  D.  1636,  the  town  of 
Salem,  Mass.,  granted  a  half  acre  of  land 
at  \\'inter  Harbor,  to  Richard  Raymond, 
"for  fishing  trade  and  to  build  upon." 
Richard  was  a  mariner  who  later  engaged 
in  coastwise  trade  and  died  at  Savbrook, 


Conn.,  in  1692,  "ae.  abt.  90."  Richard's 
son,  John,  and  John's  son,  Thomas,  lived 
at  Norwalk,  Conn.,  and  Thomas'  son.  Com- 
fort, and  Comfort's  son.  Comfort,  Jr., 
lived  at  New  Canaan,  Conn.  Here  was 
born  Nobles  Benedict,  a  son  of  Comfort, 
Jr.,  September  29,  1788.  Nobles  Benedict, 
who  was  by  trade  a  shoemaker,  was  mar- 
ried in  1808,  in  the  City  of  New  York,  to 
Hannah  Wood,  a  daughter  of  a  Revolu- 
tionary soldier.  Of  their  union  Miner 
Raymond  was  born  in  New  York  City, 
August  29,  181 1. 

Two  years  later  the  family  removed  to 
Rensselaerville,  Albany  County,  where 
Miner  helped  in  the  home  and  the  shop 
and  attended  the  village  school  until  he 
was  twelve  years  old.  By  that  time  he 
had  mastered  all  that  the  village  school 
could  teach  him  and  he  began  to  yearn 
for  something  larger  and  better.  His 
father  was  not  able  to  send  him  away  to 
school,  nor  could  he  allow  him  to  be  idle ; 
so,  to  use  his  own  language,  "he  set  me 
on  a  shoe-bench  drawing  the  cords  of 
affliction  on  the  stool  of  repentance  for 
six  years,  and  I  wanting  to  go  to  school  all 
the  time." 

In  1830,  when  he  was  nineteen  years 
old.  the  way  opened  for  him  to  go  to  the 
Wesleyan  Academy  at  Wilbraham,  Mass. 
He  succeeded  in  paying  his  way,  in  part, 
by  means  of  his  skill  as  a  shoemaker. 
Three  years  later  he  became  a  teacher  in 
the  Academy  and  continued  for  seven 
years  in  that  relation,  first  in  charge  of 
the  English  department  and  later  as  in- 
structor in  mathematics.  His  remarkable 
aptness  as  a  teacher,  as  well  as  the  power 
of  his  commanding  personality,  is  wit- 
nessed by  a  lawyer  of  New  York  who  was 
a  student  under  him,  and  declared  long 
afterwards  that  "Miner  Raymond  was  the 
greatest  mathematical  teacher  on  God's 
earth."     He   evinced   from    the   first   that 


514 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


he  was  one  of  those  born  teachers  who 
are  gifted  beyond  ordinary  men  to  make 
things  clear.  In  1840  the  W'esleyan  Uni- 
versity honored  him  with  the  degree  of 
Master  of  Arts  and  in  1854  with  that  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity.  Thirty  years  later 
the  Northwestern  University  conferred 
on  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws. 

Meanwhile  his  ability  as  a  preacher 
began  to  attract  wide  attention,  and  in 
1841  he  left  the  Academy  and  became  a 
pastor  in  the  New  England  Conference 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
preaching  successively  in  Worcester,  Bos- 
ton and  Westfield,  Mass.  Of  him,  as  a 
preacher,  the  historian  of  Wesleyan  Acad- 
emy writes,  that  "his  first  attempts  at 
preaching  evinced  the  careful  thinker. 
But  while  the  principles  and  main  prop- 
osition were  laid  down  carefully  as  well 
as  clearly,  the  preacher  was  sure  to  kindle 
as  he  advanced  and  to  break  into  a  tor- 
nado in  the  peroration.  Though  gifted 
with  large  capacity  for  astute  and  accu- 
rate thought,  he  was  heard  gladly  by  the 
people,  because  his  logic  usually  came  to 
white  heat."  After  his  coming  to  Evans- 
ton  he  was  for  three  years  the  pastor  of 
the  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of 
this  place,  and  the  older  inhabitants  often 
speak  of  his  great  power  as  a  preacher,  and 
of  the  overwhelming  eiTect  some  of  his 
sermons  had  upon  the  large  assembly. 
He  was  six  times  a  member  of  the  (quad- 
rennial) General  Conference  of  the  Meth- 
odist Church,  and  was  chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Slavery  in  the  General 
Conference  at  Indianapolis  in  1848. 

But  it  was  not  as  a  pastor  and  preacher 
that  he  was  destined  to  work  out  the  great 
ministry  of  his  life.  In  1848,  when  he 
was  thirty-seven  years  old,  exigencies  at 
the  Academy  at  \\'ilbraham  led  the  Trus- 
tees to  turn  to  Miner  Raymond  as  the 
man  above  all  others  to  take  charge  of 


the  institution.  It  was  with  great  reluc- 
tance that  he  at  last  consented  to  leave 
the  pastorate  and  become  the  Principal  of 
Wilbraham.  But  he  obeyed  the  call 
which  seemed  divine,  and  the  si.xteen 
years  that  followed  were  probably  the 
most  brilliant  period  of  his  entire  career. 
The  same  historian  of  the  ^\'esleyan 
Academy  says  that  his  election  as  Prin- 
cipal "marked  a  new  era  in  the  history  of 
that  honored  institution.  Of  all  the  Prin- 
cipals, his  term  was  at  once  the  longest 
and  most  fruitful  in  important  results. 
Lender  the  touch  of  his  genius  and  the  con- 
trol of  his  unconquerable  will,  old  things 
disappeared  and  almost  everything  about 
the  institution  became  new.  Difficulties, 
which  to  weaker  men  would  have  proven 
altogether  insuperable,  vanished  in  the 
presence  of  one  so  able  to  influence  men 
and  to  command  resources.  To  this  wise 
master-builder  the  friends  of  the  institu- 
tion owe  an  immense  debt  of  gratitude." 

But  if  those  sixteen  years  were  the  most 
brilliant  in  his  career,  the  next  period  of 
over  thirty  years  made  him  more  conspic- 
uous in  the  eyes  of  both  the  Church  and 
the  world.  In  the  summer  of  1864  Dr. 
Raymond  was  called  to  succeed  Dr.  John 
Dempster,  as  Professor  of  Systematic 
Theology  in  Garrett  Biblical  Institute, 
and  the  rest  of  his  life  work  was  per- 
formed in  connection  with  that  institution. 
"When  I  came  here,"  he  once  remarked, 
"and  walked  up  and  down  along  the  lake- 
side, and  considered  the  field  and  its  op- 
portunities, I  felt  that  I  had  come  to  my 
kingdom ;  and  though  it  was  unexpected 
and  unsought,  the  place  and  the  work 
came  to  me  as  that  which,  above  all  others 
in  the  gift  of  the  Church,  was  the  one  for 
which  I  had  been  providentially  pre- 
pared." 

Dr.  Raymond  died  November  25,  1897, 
and  at  his  funeral  services  his  colleag^jc, 


i 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


515 


Dr.  M.  S.  Terry,  said:  "For  the  last 
thirty  years  his  Hfe  has  been  a  part  of  the 
history  of  Evanston.  His  name  is  to  the 
people  of  this  community  a  household 
word ;  his  memory  as  ointment  poured 
forth !  How  magnificently  that  whole 
record  of  a  life  of  eighty-six  years  opens 
up  to  our  thought !  Almost  three  genera- 
tions have  come  and  gone  since  he  was 
born,  and  his  life  was  nearly  co-extensive 
with  the  nineteenth  century.  He  has  built 
a  character  and  work  that  cannot  perish 
from  the  annals  of  the  Church  of  God. 
Dr.  Raymond  was  the  last  survivor  of  a 
great  faculty — that  older  faculty  of  the 
Institute  in  its  heroic  days.  Successor  of 
Dempster,  the  founder  of  theological 
schools  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  lie  was  the  fitting  colleague  of 
Kidder  and  Bannister  and  Hemenvvay. 
They  passed  on  before  him  into  God's 
higher  school  many  semesters  ago.  But 
Dr.  Raymond  lived  on  to  see  almost  an- 
other generation  pass.  A  Bennett  and  a 
Ridgaway  have  come  and  gone,  and  seem 
already  like  the  transfigured  forms  of  a 
beautiful  vision  that  vanished  long  ago. 
But  this  saintly  man  lived  on  and  taught, 
and  prayed,  and  smiled,  and  wept,  and 
pronounced  many  a  loving  benediction  on 
the  younger  folk." 

Of  Doctor  Raymond  President  Little 
wrote:  "He  was  one  of  the  last  and  one 
of  the  greatest  of  a  marvelous  group  of 
Methodist  preachers — a  group  illustrious 
with  the  names  of  Olin,  and  Fisk,  and 
Bascom ;  of  Simpson,  and  McClintock, 
and  Durbin,  and  Stevens.  And  even  in 
the  class-room  he  could  not  cease  to 
preach.  For  the  truths  that  he  expounded 
were  to  him  the  substance  of  eternal  life. 
Other  teachers  might  be  more  erudite  and 
more  subtle  ;  none  could  be  more  luminous 
or  more  reasonable ;  and  few,  indeed, 
could  so  challenge  the  student  to  admira- 


tion, or  so  encourage  him  to  strenuous 
effort  and  to  independent  thought.  Hence, 
the  unbounded  affection  of  the  men  that 
sat  at  his  feet.  Many  of  them  have 
reached  the  highest  station  of  influence 
and  authority  in  the  Church ;  some  of 
them  are  preaching  the  gospel  in  distant 
lands ;  others  are  working  quietly  and 
faithfully  at  home.  But  to  all  of  them 
the  echoes  of  his  deep,  sonorous  voice  are 
an  imperishable  treasure,  for  the  words 
he  spoke  to  them  were  spirit  and  life." 

During  the  first  years  of  Doctor  Ray- 
mond's residence  in  Evanston  he  was  not 
only  professor  in  the  Institute  and  pastor 
of  the  Methodist  Church,  but  he  was  also 
President  of  the  Village  Board  of  Educa- 
tion ;  and  it  was  during  his  adniinistration 
that  the  Hinman  Avenue  School  was  or- 
ganized and  the  first  building  erected  for 
that  school. 

When  the  University  purchased  the 
Snyder  farm  in  1867  the  Trustees  voted 
"that  the  street  on  the  north  line  be  called 
Dempster  Street,  and  that  the  street  near- 
est the  lake  shore  be  called  Raymond  Ave- 
nue." Raymond  Avenue  has  been  swal- 
lowed up  in  Sheridan  Road,  but  the  City 
Council  recently  voted  that  the  public 
park  between  Chicago  and  Hinman  Ave- 
nues, and  between  Grove  and  Lake 
Streets,  be  named  Raymond  Park ;  so  that 
Dr.  Raymond's  name  is  still  perpetuated 
on  the  city  plat. 

Doctor  Raymond  married,  at  Webster, 
Mass.,  August  20,  1837,  Elizabeth  Hen- 
derson, who  died  at  Evanston,  September 
19.  1877.  ^'i^  was  the  mother  of  his  chil- 
dren :  Charles  Wesley  and  Francis 
Asbury,  who  died  in  infancy;  Alary, 
widow  of  Philip  B.  Shumway,  who  died 
at  Evanston,  December  22,  1903 ;  William 
M.,  who  died  in  Chicago,  February  5, 
1896;  Samuel  B.,  now  living  in  Chicago; 


5i6 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


and  James  H.  and  Frederick  D.,  who  are 
living  in  Evanston. 

On  July  28,  1879,  Doctor  Raymond 
married,  as  his  second  wife,  at  New  Ha- 
ven, Conn.,  Mrs.  Isabella  (Hill)  Binney, 
who  died  at  Evanston  February  6,  1897. 


FREDERICK  D.  RAYMOND. 

Frederick  D.  Raymond,  who  has  been 
a  resident  of  Evanston  for  more  than  forty 
years,  was  born  in  Wilbraham,  Mass., 
September  16,  1852.  His  father.  Rev. 
Miner  Raymond,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  was 
born  in  New  York  City,  August  29,  181 1  : 
and  his  mother,  Elizabeth  (Henderson) 
Raymond,  was  a  native  of  Ireland,  born 
in  Mt.  Hall,  County  Tyrone,  August  12, 
1814.  The  former  was  a  minister  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  an  emi- 
nent teacher.  (See  sketch  of  Rev.  Miner 
Raymond  in  this  volume.) 

Frederick  D.  received  his  primary  edu- 
cation in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
State,  and  came  to  Evanston  with  his  par- 
ents in  August,  1864,  and  there,  for  one 
year,  attended  the  "Grove  School,"  with 
Miss  Frances  E.  Willard  as  his  pre- 
ceptress. He  then  became  a  pupil  in  the 
Preparatory  Department  of  Northwestern 
University  where  he  continued  three 
years.  Subsequently  he  finished  the  uni- 
versity course,  requiring  four  more  years 
of  study,  and  graduated  with  the  class  of 
1872.  During  his  undergraduate  period, 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Hinman  Literary 
Society  and  the  Sigma  Chi  fraternity,  and 
later  was  elected  a  member  of  the  hon- 
orary Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society.  On  com- 
pleting his  education,  Mr.  Raymond  spent 
a  year  in  connection  with  the  adjustment 
of  the  affairs  of  a  Chicago  fire  insurance 
company,  which  was  rendered  insolvent 
by  the  great  fire  of  1871.     He  then  taught 


in  the  Preparatory  Department  of  North- 
western University  during  the  first  year 
of  the  principalship  of  Rev.  Dr.  Fisk — 
1873  to  1874. 

Since  1874,  Mr.  Raymond  has  devoted 
his  attention  to  the  construction  and  oper- 
ation of  railroads.  The  first  three  years 
of  this  period  were  spent  at  Streator,  111., 
engaged  in  construction  work  and  in  the 
freight  department  of  the  Chicago  & 
Paducah  and  the  Chicago,  Pekin  &  South- 
western Railroads,  now,  respectively,  the 
Chicago  division  of  the  Wabash  System 
and  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe 
Railway.  He  was  subsequently  engaged 
in  the  construction  of  the  "Monon"  line, 
from  Chicago  to  Indianapolis,  and  served 
as  general  freight  agent  of  the  Chicago 
&  Great  Southern  Railway  (now  the  coal 
line),  in  Indiana,  of  the  Chicago  &  East- 
ern Illinois  Railroad.  Since  its  organiza- 
tion in  1887,  he  has  been  a  director,  and 
Secretary  and  Treasurer  of  the  Elgin. 
Joliet  &  Eastern  Railway  Company ;  and 
since  1899  has  acted  in  the  same 
capacities  in  connection  with  the 
Chicago,  Lake  Shore  &  Eastern  Rail- 
way Company,  both  of  which  com- 
panies are  controlled  by  the  United  States 
Steel  Corporation.  In  the  construction 
of  all  these  roads,  except  that  last  men- 
tioned, Mr.  Raymond  was  associated  with 
his  brother-in-law.  the  late  Philip  B. 
Shumway. 

On  October  24,  1877,  Mr.  Raymond 
was  united  in  marriage  at  Evanston,  111., 
with  Carrie  M.  Wyckoflf,  of  that  city. 
Mrs.  Raymond  is  a  daughter  of  William 
M.  and  Mary  A.  Wyckoff  residents,  suc- 
cessively, of  New  York  City,  Bellefont- 
aine  and  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  Chicago  and 
Evanston.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Raymond  are 
the  parents  of  the  following  named  chil- 
dren: Ruth,  born  October  6,  1878;  Mary, 
born   October    18,    1880;    Philip   W.,   born 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


517 


October  28,  1886;  Margaret,  born  August 
9,  1891 ;  and  Frederick  D.,  Jr.,  born  July 
6,   1896. 

Politically,  Mr.  Raymond  is  a  supporter 
of  the  Republican  party.  His  religious 
connection  is  with  the  First  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  of  Evanston,  of  which 
he  has  been  a  member  of  the  official  board 
since  1878.  In  fraternal  circles  he  is 
identified  with  the  Royal  Arcanum,  and 
is  a  member  of  the  University  Club,  of 
Evanston.  He  is  now  acting  in  the  ca- 
pacity of  Treasurer  of  the  Municipal  As- 
sociation of  Evanston. 


CAPT.  JOSHUA   P.   BOUTELLE. 

The  first  American  ancestor  of  Captain 
Joshua  P.  Boutelle,  of  Evanston,  111.,  was 
James  Boutelle,  who  came  from  England 
to  America  early  in  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury, the  original  family  seat  being  in 
Massachusetts.  From  Massachusetts 
Captain  Boutelle's  branch  of  the  family 
emigrated  to  Maine,  and  at  Edgecomb 
and  at  other  places  in  the  latter  State  Dr. 
John  Boutelle,  the  father  of  the  subject 
of  this  sketch,  practiced  medicine  for 
many  years.  Dr.  Boutelle  was  a  zealous 
anti-slavery  champion  and  for  many  years 
was  actively  interested  in  colonization 
movements  in  the  interest  of  e.x-slaves 
and  other  negroes  in  the  United  States. 
Captain  Boutelle's  grandfather,  W'illiam 
Boutelle,  was  a  soldier  of  the  Revolu- 
tionary War,  and  received  for  his  services 
a  land  warrant  from  the  Government, 
which  he  located  on  land  in  Maine. 

Captain  Joshua  P.  Boutelle  was  born 
at  Edgecomb,  Maine,  September  20,  1822, 
where  he  was  reared  on  a  small  farm, 
receiving  a  common  school  education 
during  his  boyhood.  Later  he  attend- 
ed   an    academv    at       Newcastle.     Maine, 


where  he  gave  special  attention  to  navi- 
gation, and  at  seventeen  years  of  age 
adopted  the  life  of  a  sailor,  making  his  first 
trip  to  Cuba  on  board  the  brig  "Damas- 
cus," under  the  command  of  Captain 
Chase.  In  1848  he  became  master  of  the 
ship  "St.  John,"  upon  which  he  won  for 
himself  the  title  of  the  "yellow  fever  cap- 
tain," in  consequence  of  having  taken  this 
vessel  to  Vera  Cruz  to  remove  a  number 
of  American  soldiers  to  the  States,  after 
the  close  of  the  Mexican  War.  In  the 
performance  of  this  duty  he  took  the  place 
of  the  regular  commander  of  the  "St. 
John,"  who  feared  to  expose  himself  to 
contracting  the  yellow  fever.  In  1849 
Captain  Boutelle  sailed  the  ship  "Arche- 
laus,"  which  foundered  oflf  the  coast  of 
W'ales,  after  which,  in  1850,  he  took  the 
ship  "State  of  Maine"  around  Cape  Horn 
to  California,  and  thence  sailed  across 
the  Pacific  and  Indian  Oceans,  making 
the  circuit  of  the  globe  and  finally  reach- 
ing London  by  way  of  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope.  In  1852  he  assumed  command  of 
the  "Arabia,"  which,  for  four  years,  sailed 
between  New  York,  Mobile,  New  Orleans 
and  Liverpool,  after  which  a  company, 
of  which  he  was  a  member,  built  the 
"Niagara,"  which  in  1859  was  engaged 
in  trade  between  the  L^nited  States  and 
Liverpool.  The  last  vessel  on  which 
he  sailed  was  the  "Saginaw,"  which,  in 
company  with  others,  he  built  in  1863, 
and  which  made  its  first  voyage  to  Pan- 
ama the  same  year.  During  tlie  Civil 
^^^ar  this  vessel  narrowl}'  escaped  capture 
by  the  Confederate  cruiser  ".\labama," 
but  was  burned  in  1866  off  the  Island  of 
Madeira  while  bound  from  Cardiff, 
Whales,  to  Panama. 

This  closed  Captain  Boutelle's  sea-far- 
ing Ijfe,  and  in  1867  he  engaged  in  coal- 
mining in  Nova  Scotia,  having  charge, 
as  superintendent  for  one  year,  of  mines 


J 


ci8 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


which  he  had  opened  there.  He  then 
came  to  Chicago,  but  in  1869  returned  to 
New  York,  where  he  embarked  in  tli; 
wholesale  sewing  machine  trade  for  one 
year,  when,  in  1870,  he  came  to  Evanston. 
111.,  which  continued  to  be  his  home  for 
the  remainder  of  his  life.  Here  he  in- 
vested in  real  estate  and  engaged  in  build- 
ing and  other  improvements:  in  1871 
erected  the  Boutelle  &  Wesley  Block,  and 
later  improved  considerable  residence 
property.  From  1875  to  1881  he  was  en- 
gaged in  the  hardware  trade  in  Evanston, 
since  then  being  retired  from  business 
life. 

Captain  Boutelle  was  married  first  to 
Frances  A.  Robbins,  of  INIaine.  who  died 
in  1859,  and  in  186S,  he  married  as  his 
second  wife  Margaret  A.  Patten,  of 
Brunswick,  Maine,  who  died  in  1872.  His 
third  marriage  was  with  Miss  Augusta 
A.  Reed,  of  Chicago,  in  1880.  jNIrs. 
Boutelle  is  a  native  of  New  York,  but 
came  to  Sterling,  Illinois,  in  girlhood, 
still  later  spent  some  years  in  the  South 
and  East,  finally  returning  to  the  West. 
An  intimate  friend  of  Mrs.  Boutelle  for 
many  years  was  the  widow  of  the  late 
Judge  David  Davis,  of  Bloomington.  111., 
now  Mrs.  Greene  of  North  Carolina.  Cap- 
tain Boutelle's  only  child  is  now  Airs. 
Ada  (Boutelle)  Briggs  of  Evanston.  The 
Hon.  Charles  A.  Boutelle,  late  Congress- 
man from  Maine  (now  deceased),  was  a 
nephew  of  Captain  Boutelle. 

Captain  Boutelle  was  a  member  of  the 
Odd  Fellows"  fraternity,  in  politics  was 
a  Republican,  and  served  for  eight  years 
as  Justice  of  the  Peace  and  one  year  as 
Collector  for  the  city  of  Evanston.  He 
lived  an  active  and  strenuous  life,  and  at 
the  age  of  eighty-two  years  was  in  pos- 
session of  his  mental  faculties,  and  re- 
tained a  vivid  memory  of  past  adventures 
and    events    which    made    him    a   most 


charming  companion.  Death  came  to 
him  at  his  home  in  Evanston,  June  21, 
1935.  His  daughter  and  her  husband,  Mr. 
John  A.  Briggs,  accompanied  the  remains 
to  Union,  Maine,  where  they  were  in- 
terred in  accordance  with  his  wish,  by  the 
side  of  his  first  wife. 


WALLACE    REYNOLDS    CONDICT. 

Wallace  Reynolds  Condict  (deceased),  a 
well  known  and  highly  respected  resident  of 
Evanston  from  May  I,  1875,  until  August 
30,  1899,  was  born  in  Newark,  New  Jersey, 
June  I,  1824.  His  parents  were  Sidney  and 
Charlotte  (Reynolds)  Condict.  Sidney 
Condict  was  a  prominent  and  prosperous 
dry-goods  merchant  in  the  East.  In  New 
York  and  New  Jersey  the  Condicts  are  an 
old  and  influential  family,  and  the  Reynolds 
family  is  of  Mayflower  stock.  The  circum- 
stances of  Wallace  R.  Condict 's  parents  en- 
abled them  to  give  him  an  excellent  high 
school  education,  and  his  business  training 
was  received  in  the  dry-goods  line  under 
his  father's  supervision.  When  about  twen- 
ty years  of  age  the  son  came  West,  to  Ra- 
cine, Wis.',  and  was  connected  with  an  ele- 
vator concern  until  he  was  about  twenty- 
five  years  old,  when  he  went  to  Michigan 
City,  Ind.,  and  engaged  in  the  dry-goods 
business  on  his  own  account.  There  he  re- 
mained until  near  the  termination  of  the 
Civil  War,  when  he  sold  out  and  came  to 
Chicago,  but  did  not  enter  upon  any  active 
business  enterprise  on  his  own  responsibili- 
ty after  his  arrival  there.  On  May  i,  1875, 
he  established  his  residence  in  Evanston, 
where  he  lived  during  the  remainder  of  his 
days.  Politically,  ]\Ir.  Condict  supported 
the  Republican  party.  He  attended  the 
Congregational  Church,  to  the  maintenance 
of  which  he  was  a  regular  contributor. 

Mr.    Condict    was    married    in    Chicago, 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


519 


January  31,  1874,  to  Louise  Albridge,  a 
daughter  of  Isaac  and  Armina  Albridge,  of 
Plattsburgh,  New  York.  The  issue  of  their 
union  was  Wallace  Reynolds  and  Jessie 
Haskell,  both  of  whom  are  married  and  liv- 
ing in  Evanston. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  honorable, 
conservative  and  level-headed  in  his  busi- 
ness transactions,  and  one  whom  all  could 
trust.  He  was  a  home-loving,  quiet  man 
who  devoted  himself  to  his  business  and 
family,  and  cared  nothing  for  club  life  or 
political   honors. 


OLIVER   iM.  CARSON. 

Oliver  M.  Carson  (deceased)  was  born 
in  Sweden,  March  31,  1853,  and  in  early- 
childhood  came  to  America  with  his  parents 
who  settled  in  Galesburg,  111.  His  educa- 
tion was  received  in  the  public  schools  near 
his  home  and  at  Knox  College,  Galesburg. 
While  pursuing  his  course  in  that  institution 
he  supported  himself  and  secured  his  diplo- 
ma by  his  own  unaided  efforts.  He  then  en- 
tered the  well-known  dry-goods  house  of 
Charles  Gossage,  where  he  remained  until 
his  health  became  so  impaired  as  to  necessi- 
tate a  change,  when  he  went  to  Minnesota 
and  tried  agricultural  pursuits  for  a  brief 
period.  An  improvement  in  his  health  en- 
abled him  to  return  to  mercantile  pursuits, 
which  first  took  him  to  Farmington,  Minn., 
later  becoming  connected  with  the  dry 
goods  firm  of  Carhart  &  Co.  of  St.  Paul, 
with  which  house  he  remained  for  a  period 
of  eleven  years.  Returning  to  Chicago,  Mr. 
Carson,  after  a  brief  experience  in  trade, 
began  operating  in  real  estate,  located  in 
the  main  along  the  North  Shore,  and  also 
in  Oak  Park.  Always  enthusiastic  over  the 
development  of  North  Shore  realty,  his  con- 
fidence was  unbounded,  and  the  improve- 
ments  made   under   his   management   were 


many  and  of  an  important  character.  The 
subject  of  "riparian  rights"  was  ever  upper- 
most in  his  mind,  and  he  acquired  much 
property  in  this  connection.  In  his  business 
undertakings  he  was  intensely  active,  such 
being  the  nature  of  the  man,  but  of  all  en- 
terprises none  was  dearer  to  his  heart  than 
the  improvements  along  the  North  Shore. 
He  promoted  a  number  of  sub-divisions  be- 
tween Chicago  and  the  suburban  cities  tc 
the  north,  as  well  as  48  acres  of  land  in 
Oak   Park. 

On  October  18,  1882,  Mr.  Carson  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Clara,  daughter 
of  G.  L.  Wetterland,  of  Chicago,  and  of 
this  union  one  daughter  (Miss  Mildred) 
was  born.  In  his  political  affiliations  Mr. 
Carson  was  a  Republican.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  Until  1892 
his  residence  was  in  Chicago,  but  at  that 
time  he  removed  to  Evanston,  111.,  his  home 
being- at  No.  222  Stockham  Place,  one  of 
the  most  charming  locations  in  the  classic 
town.  Active,  genial,  enterprising,  j\lr. 
Carson's  interest  in  all  pertaining  to  the 
improvement  of  North  Shore  property  con- 
tinued to  the  close  of  his  successful  career. 
His  decease  occurred  on  September  11, 
1902.  Mrs.  Carson,  who  survives  her  hus- 
band, resides  at  Hotel  Monnett,  Evanston. 
]Mr.  Carson  was  domestic  in  his  habits,  de- 
lighting in  the  society  of  his  family  and  of 
his  intimate  friends.  He  was  cordial,  ap- 
proachable, and  his  home  was  a  center 
where  one  met  this  most  aiTable  and  engag- 
ing of  men,  whose  death  was  lamented  by 
manv. 


WILLIAM    J.  CANFIELD. 

\\'illiam  J.  Canfield  (deceased),  former- 
ly a  leading  merchant  of  Evanston,  111.,  was 
born  in  Salisbury,  Conn.,  November  14, 
1832.  His  parents  were  Lee  and  Ruth 
(Butler)    Canfield.      The    Canfield    family 


;2o 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


was  originally  of  English  extraction,  and 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  a  descendant 
of  Thomas  Canfield,  one  of  the  early  colon- 
ists who  settled  at  Mil  ford,  near  New  Hav- 
en, Conn.,  and  was  one  of  the  original  pro- 
prietors of  the  place.  Lieut.  Col.  Buel,  of 
Revolutionary  fame,  was  one  of  the  ances- 
tors of  Mr.  Canfield,  as  was  also  Governor 
Wells,  one  of  the  early  Colonial  Governors. 
Lee  Canfield  was  an  iron  manufacturer  by 
occupation,  and  worked  the  noted  Salisbury 
mines  from  which  iron  was  taken  for  ves- 
sels in  the  Revolutionary  period.  These 
mines  were  once  operated  by  Ethan  Allen, 
and  were  among  the  first  worked  in 
America. 

In  his  boyhood  Mr.  Canfield  attended  the 
public  schools  of  Salisbury,  and  was  after- 
ward a  pupil  in  Amenia  Academy,  at  Amenia, 
N.  Y.  He  grew  up  at  Salisbury,  and  was 
trained  to  the  iron  business.  In  early  man- 
hood he  was  associated  with  his  father  in 
the  manufacture  of  iron  at  Salisbury,  which 
he  continued  until  1 88 1,  when  he  came  with 
his  family  to  Evanston.  Here  he  estab- 
lished himself  in  the  grocery  business  and 
was  one  of  the  principal  merchants  of  the 
city  until  his  death,  which  occurred  Decem- 
ber 19,  1896. 

Mr.  Canfield  was  married,  Alarch  3,  1856, 
to  Frances  C.  Caul,  who  survives  her  hus- 
band. Her  parents  were  William  and  Dor- 
cas (Crowell)  Caul,  of  Salisbury,  N.  Y., 
and  on  the  maternal  side,  she  is  a  descend- 
ant of  John  Alden,  of  the  Mayflower,  and 
also  of  Richard  Warren,  who  was  one  of 
■  the  same  company  of  Pilgrims.  Her  an- 
cestors were  represented  in  the  Revolution- 
ary army. 

The  children  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Canfield 
are:  Mrs.  Carrie  (Canfield)  Dean,  and 
Mrs.  Nellie  (Canfield)  Lee,  both  born  in 
Salisbury.  The  former  is  the  wife  of  Mar- 
vin A.  Dean,  of  Evanston,  and  the  latter 
married  Rev.  Frank  T.  Lee,  of  Maywood, 


111.     In  politics  Mr.  Canfield  was  an  adher- 
ent of  the  Republican  party. 


ADAM  FRIES  TOWNSEND. 

Adam    Fries   Townsend    (deceased),   for 
twenty-one    years     special     agent    of    the 
Northern  Assurance  Company  of  London, 
England,  and  a  most  highly  esteemed  citi- 
zen   of    Evanston,  111.,  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, on  May  9,  1834.  Reared  as  a  boy  in 
that  city  and  educated  at  Pennington  Semi- 
nary in  New  Jersey  and  Dickinson  College 
in  Pennsylvania,  the  educational  bent  of  his 
nature   led   to   his   choice   of   the   teacher's 
profession,  and  he  entered  life's  active  serv- 
ice  as  Superintendent   of   Schools    at    Du- 
buque, Iowa,  where  he  organized  that  city's 
system  of  graded  schools.     Later,  he  under- 
took and   accomplished  a  similar  work  at 
Galena,  111.     While  success  had  crowned  his 
work  as  an  educator,  and  while  his  chosen 
profession    proved    fully    congenial    to    his 
intelligent  spirit,  it  soon  appeared  that  the 
sedentary  conditions  of  his  vocation  were 
detrimental  to  his  physical  well-being.     He 
reluctantly  changed  the  direction  of  his  life 
energies  from  a  professional  sphere  to  the 
business  arena,  entering  the  employ  of  the 
Western   Manufacturers'    Mutual    Fire   In- 
surance Company.      At  this  time  he  came 
to  Evanston  and  soon  after  was  appointed 
special   agent   of   the    Northern   Assurance 
Company  of  London,  serving  the  interests 
of  this  company   with  unflagging   faithful- 
ness for  the  long  period  of  twenty-one  years 
and  up  to  the  very  day  of  his  death.     While 
in  East  St.  Louis,  111.,  in  the  faithful  dis- 
charge of  his  business  obligations,  he  fell 
and  fractured  the  bone  of  his  thigh,  an  in- 
jury which  resulted  in  his  death  on  Febru- 
ary   13,    1904,  in   Henrietta   Hospital,  East 
St.  Louis. 

While  in  charge  of  the  Galena  schools, 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


521 


Mr.  Townsend  was  married  by  Bishop  Vin- 
cent, of  the  Methodist  Church,  to  Miss 
Sarah  P.  Burr,  daughter  of  Hudson  Burr, 
well-known  merchant  of  Dubuque,  Iowa. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  united  with 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  in  Salem, 
New  Jersey,  at  the  early  age  of  fourteen. 
Committed  by  holy  vows  to  the  fellowship 
of  the  church,  he  was  ever  devoted  to  her 
interests.  For  many  years  and  in  many 
places  he  was  an  office  bearer  in  the  church, 
attending  with  conscientious  fidelity  to 
whatever  was  committed  to  his  hand.  Of 
him  it  should  be  said  that  he  was  regular 
and  punctual  at  the  place  of  worship,  devout 
in  his  ways,  pure  and  blameless  in  Christ- 
ian life,  uniform  and  steadfast  in  his  relig- 
ious confession,  and  always  ready  to  do  his 
part  in  every  good  work — a  living  epistle, 
a  steady  light,  that  grew  not  dim,  but 
brightened  with  the  years. 


HUMPHRYS  H.  C.  MILLER. 

Humphrys  H.  C.  Miller,  lawyer,  Evans- 
ton,  111.,  with  office  at  1415  Marquette 
Building,  Chicago,  was  born  in  New  York 
City,  October  17,  1845,  the  son  of  George 
and  Isabella  (Clark)  Miller,  the  former 
born  at  Ballybay,  County  Monoghan,  Ire- 
land, April  14,  1796,  and  the  latter  in  New 
York  City  in  1820.  After  coming  to  Ameri- 
ca the  father  was  engaged  in  the  book  pub- 
lishing business,  also  keeping  a  book  store, 
until  1855,  when  he  removed  to  the  vicinity 
of  Hanover,  Jo  Daviess  County,  111.,  and 
engaged  in  farming,  later  removing  to  Car- 
roll County,  111.,  where  he  continued  in  the 
same  business.  Still  later  the  father  lived  in 
Jackson  County,  Mo.,  and  died  at  Green- 
wood in  that  State  in  1876,  the  mother  dy- 
ing there  the  same  year. 

Until  about  nine  years  of  age,  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  lived  in  New  York  City, 


but  coming  with  his  parents  to  Illinois  in 
1S55,   worked  on   his   father's   farm   in   Jo 
Daviess  County,  and  then  in  Carroll  County 
except  while  attending  school.     He  taught 
school   one   winter   in   a   small   log   school- 
house  in  Carroll  County,  at  a  place  called 
Zion's  Grove,  receiving  a  salary  of  $25  per 
month.     While  in  Carroll   County  he  pre- 
pared for  college  in  Mt.  Carroll  Seminary, 
and  entering  L^nion  College,  at  Schenectady, 
N.  Y.,  in  the  fall  of  1864,  remained  there 
two  years,   when   he   was  admitted  to  the 
Junior  Class  at  the  University  of  Michigan, 
graduating   from   that   institution   with   the 
degree  of  A.   B.   in   1868.     From   1868  to 
1870  he  was  Principal  of  the  high  school  at 
Channahon,  Will  County,  111.,  when  he  went 
to    Morris,    Grundy    County,    serving    as 
School  Superintendent  there  for  five  years, 
after  which  he  occupied  the  same  position 
at  Pittsfield,  111.,  for  one  year.    Always  fond 
of  reading,   his   mind  naturally  turned  to- 
ward the  law ;  and,  in  1875,  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  during  the  following  year  com- 
ing to  Chicago,  where  he  entered  into  part- 
nership with  Charles  W.   Needham,  which 
was  continued  five  years,  when  the  partner- 
ship was  terminated  by  Mr.  Needham's  re- 
moval to  Washington,  D.  C.     While  main- 
taining his  office  in  Chicago,  Mr.  Miller  has 
continuously  made  his  residence  in  Evans- 
ton. 

The  official  positions  held  by  Mr.  Miller 
include  those  of  Corporation  Counsel  for 
the  Village  of  Evanston  (1886-87),  and 
Village  President  from  1888  to  1890,  being 
elected  to  both  of  these  positions  without 
opposition  and  by  unanimous  vote.  At  the 
close  of  his  term  he  was  complimented  by 
a  public  reception  given  in  his  honor  by  the 
citizens  of  Evanston.  He  has  also  been 
President  of  the  Evanston  Board  of  Edu- 
cation since  1880,  and  has  held  a  like  posi- 
tion in  connection  with  the  Civil  Service 
Commission    since    1895.      From    1900    to 


^22 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


1904  he  served  on  the  staff  of  Gov.  Richard 
Yates,  with  the  rank  of  Colonel.  The  pub- 
lic positions  held  by  Mr.  Miller  indicate  the 
est'mation  in  which  he  is  held  as  a  lawyer 
and  as  a  citizen. 


JOHN  MARSHALL  WILLIAMS. 

Mr.  John  M.  Williams  was  born  in  the 
village  of  Morrisville,  Madison  County,  N. 
Y.,  on  the  6th  day  of  December,  1821.  His 
parents  were  Amariah  and  Olive  (Read) 
Williams,  both  of  whom  were  natives  of 
Connecticut.  There  were  four  sons  and  two 
daughters  in  the  family,  of  whom  he  was 
the  third  son.  He  was  sent  to  the  district 
school  and,  later,  to  an  academy  at  ]Morris- 
ville.  At  eighteen  years  of  age  the  course 
of  his  studies  was  interrupted  by  ill-health, 
which  led  to  his  taking  a  sea-voyage  in  the 
hope  of  improvement.  Five  months  spent 
in  cruising  upon  the  banks  of  Newfound- 
land, with  the  active  life  and  plain  whole- 
some fare  of  a  cod  fisherman,  so  restored 
his  strength  that  he  resumed  his  course  of 
education,  going  to  The  Oneida  Conference 
Seminary  at  Cazenovia,  N.  Y.  Here  he  pur- 
sued his  studies  for  eighteen  months,  having 
in  view  preparation  for  college,  to  which 
his  taste  and  ambition  led  him.  At  this 
time  his  eyesight  having  become  impaired, 
he  was  obliged  to  leave  school  and  abandon 
the  idea  of  obtaining  a  liberal  education,  but 
desired  a  wider  and  more  active  field  than 
w-as  offered  by  the  life  of  a  farmer  among 
the  secluded  valleys  of  Madison  County. 
An  advertisement  of  ^Ir.  S.  Augustus 
Mitchell,  a  noted  publisher  of  maps  in  Phila- 
delphia at  that  t-me,  met  his  eye,  and 
thinking  it  offered  a  favorable  opportunity 
for  commencing  business  and  seeing  some- 
thing of  the  country,  he  opened  a  corres- 
pondence which  led  to  his  undertaking  the 
sale  of  maps.      Witii   one   hundred   dollars 


advanced  by  his  father — the  only  pecuniary 
aid  which  he  ever  received  during  the  life- 
time of  his  parents — he  procured  a  supply  of 
outline  maps,  suitable  for  use  in  school- 
rooms, and  commenced  a  tour  through  the 
villages  of  New  York  and  Pennsylvania. 
His  success  was  such  that  Mr.  Mitchell. 
though  he  knew  his  customer  only  by  cor- 
respondence, offered  him  an  agency  for  the 
State  of  C)hio  for  the  sale  of  a  wall-map  of 
the  L'nited  States,  which  he  had  just  pub- 
lished. With  a  supply  of  these  maps  he  set 
out  in  the  spring  of  1843  ^or  Ohio,  by  way 
of  the  Erie  Canal  and  by  steamboat  on  Lake 
Erie,  and  commenced  work  in  Cleveland. 
The  maps  sold  readily,  and  after  canvass- 
ing a  large  part  of  the  Western  Reserve  he 
later  took  the  agency  for  New  Orleans, 
meeting  there  with  fairly  profitable  success, 
and  in  early  spring  embarked  on  a  sailing 
vessel  for  New  York,  visiting  Cuba  on  the 
way.  His  sales  so  far  had  yielded  him  a 
net  capital  of  $800  for  the  year.  In  the  fol- 
lowing year  he  pursued  his  map  business  in 
New  York  and  the  South,  but  soon  after  had 
an  earnest  desire  to  go  West. 

An  older  brother,  Mr.  Read  A.  Williams, 
had  already  located  in  Chicago,  and  was 
there  engaged  in  the  lumber  business.  At 
the  solicitation  of  his  brother,  and  impress- 
ed with  the  advantages  which  the  young  city 
offered  for  business,  Mr.  Williams  came 
to  Chicago  in  the  spring  of  1848,  accompa- 
nied by  his  cousin,  \\'illiam  W.  Farwell.  a 
lawyer,  who  afterwards  was  a  Judge  of  the 
Superior  Court  of  Cook  County  for  many 
years.  He  soon  formed  a  partnership  with 
Mr.  Walter  Lull  and  opened  a  yard  for  the 
sale  of  lumber.  Having  occasion  to  visit 
Michigan  for  the  purchase  of  lumber  during 
the  summer,  he  was  there  attacked  by  a 
severe  and  dangerous  fever.  \\'hile  upon 
the  sick-bed  the  tidings  of  the  discovery  of 
gold  among  the  alluvial  sands  of  California 
reached    the    East,    and    stimulated    a    wild 


I 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


523 


emigration  to  that  distant,  and  then  ahnost 
inaccessible,  region.  Mr.  Williams  disposed 
of  his  lumber  business  and  determined  to 
join  the  ranks  of  the  gold-hunters.  At  St. 
Joseph,  Mo.,  the  fitting-out  place  for  over- 
land emigrants,  he  joined  a  party  of  them,  in 
company  with  hie  cousin,  Mr.  Farwell. 

The  story  of  the  journey  across  the  plains 
and  over  the  mountains  by  the  emigrants 
of  1849  has  often  been  told,  and  Mr.  Will- 
iams' experience  was  not  unlike  that  of  oth- 
ers. He  drove  oxen,  toiled  along  dusty 
trails,  crossed  deserts,  starved  and  suffered 
thirst  through  the  long  stretches  of  sage- 
covered  plains,  guarded'  tlie  camp  by  night, 
repulsing  attacks  from  stealthy  savage  ma- 
rauders, climbed  the  ascent  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  and  wandered  among  the  preci- 
pices of  the  Sierra  Xevadas,  At  the  sink 
of  the  Humboldt  River,  having  tired  of  the 
slow  and  toilsome  progress  of  the  ox-train, 
he  procured  a  horse  and  pushed  on  with  his 
cousin  for  the  remainder  of  the  journey, 
arriving  at  Sacramento  on  the  first  of  Sep- 
tember, 1849,  after  a  three  months'  jour- 
ney. He  lost  no  time  in  seeking  the  placer 
grounds,  which  he  entered  upon  at  Good- 
year's  Bar  on  the  Yuba'  River.  \\'ith  a 
shovel  and  rude  rocker  he  began  working 
the  gravel  of  the  bar,  and  in  twenty-two 
days  had  taken  out  $900.  Supplies  of  food, 
at  this  place  and  time,  cost  $3.50  per  pound. 
The  work  was  hard  and  the  society  rough. 
^^'itll  the  winter  floods  approaching,  he  left 
the  diggings  and  returned  to  Sacramento. 
Going  down  to  San  Francisco  he  investei! 
his  little  capital  in  such  goods  as  sperm  can- 
dles, bacon,  etc.,  and  for  two  or  three 
months  carried  on  a  lively  little  trade  in  the 
small  towns  along  the  river.  He  had  ac- 
cumulated $1,000  by  his  labor  and  enter- 
prise, when,  in  January,  1850,  in  conse- 
■  quence  of  the  news  of  his  father's  death, 
he  started  for  his  former  home  in  New 
York,  by  way  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama. 


Among  his  fellow-voyagers  were  General 
John  C.  Fremont  and  his  wife,  the  renowned 
Jessie  (Benton)  Fremont.  After  walking 
across  the  Isthmus,  where  he  saw  new  and 
strange  forms  of  tropical  vegetation  and  a 
novel  type  of  human  life,  he  again  embarked 
on  the  Atlantic,  and  reached  Morrisville,  his 
former  home,  in  the  early  summer. 

On  July  17,  1850,  he  was  there  married 
to  Miss  Elizabeth  C.  Smith,  a  daughter  of 
Xathan  and  Roxana  Smith,  of  Nelson, 
Madison  County,  N.  Y.  She  accompanied 
her  husband  on  his  return  to  Chicago  and, 
for  forty-five  years,  shared  his  home  at  Chi- 
cago and  at  Evanston,  to  which  they  re- 
moved in  1868.  Uniting  with  the  First 
Congregational  Church  in  its  infancy  in 
Chicago,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Williams  both  bore 
a  prominent  part  in  the  work  of  that  de- 
nomination as  charter  members  of  the  First 
Congregational  Church  of  Evanston.  In  the 
latter  part  of  the  summer  of  1850,  Mr.  Will- 
iams went  to  Elgin,  which  was  then  the 
temporary  terminus  of  the  Galena  &  Chica- 
go Union  Railroad,  and  there  opened  a  lum- 
ber yard.  The  next  spring  he  formed  a 
partnership,  in  Chicago,  with  Messrs  Ryer- 
son  &  Norris,  of  which  firm  Mr.  Martin 
Ryerson  was  a  member.  The  firm  of  Will- 
iams. Ryerson  &  Company  opened  a  luiuber 
yard  on  the  corner  of  Fulton  Street  and 
the  River,  adjoining  that  of  Leonard  & 
Williams,  and  carried  on  the  business  for 
five  years.  He  continued  in  the  lumber 
business  until  i860,  when  he  established  a 
wholesale  grocery  business,  but  retired 
frijm  that  a  few  months  later.  In  1861, 
in  connection  with  W.  D.  Houghteling,  he 
engaged  in  the  grain-buying  and  commis- 
sion trade,  continuing  it  for  several  years. 
In  iSCxj  he  went  into  a  wholesale  hardware 
business,  and  was  so  engaged  wl'en  the  Chi- 
cago fire  of  1871  swept  it  away  and  all  the 
improvements  upon  his  business  lots.  Being 
largely   insured  in  English  companies,   his 


524 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


loss  was  not  as  great  as  that  of  many  oth- 
ers, and  he  was  one  of  the  first  to  rebuild 
his  business  block  on  the  corner  of  Fifth 
Avenue  and  Monroe  Street,  it  being  read_v 
for  occupancy  early  in  the  following  spring. 
After  being  destroyed  by  fire  again  in  1898, 
a  modern  fire-proof  building  was  erected  in 
Its    place. 

Mr.  Williams  was  a  purchaser  of  lots  in 
the  west  part  of  the  city  at  the  sales  held 
by  the  Canal  Trustees,  and  dealt  in  other 
realty  with  profitable  results.  He  had  con- 
fidence in  Chicago  and  did  not  hesitate  to 
stake  his  fortune  on  her  growth  and  pros- 
perity. In  business  matters  he  seems  to 
have  been  gifted  with  an  accurate  judg- 
ment. He  was  cautious  and  prduent,  and 
invested  freely  when  the  times  seemed  pro- 
pitious. Fortune  seems  to  have  favored 
him,  for,  from  the  time  he  started  out 
from  his  early  home  to  engage  in  a  humble 
trading  venture  up  to  the  time  of  his  death, 
his  fortune  had  grown  without  any  serious 
set-backs,  until  he  was  numbered  among 
the  many  wealthy  men  of  the  city.  He 
was  one  of  the  original  stockholders  of 
The  First  National  Bank,  of  Chicago,  and 
always  continued  his  ownership  in  its  stock. 
He  was  also  one  of  the  organizers  of 
that  wonderfully  prosperous  corporation. 
The  Elgin  Watch  Company,  in  which  he 
retained  a  large  financial  interest.  His  early 
knowledge  of  the  lumber  trade  caused  him, 
during  the  period  of  1880  to  1885,  to  invest 
largely  in  pine  timber-lands  adjacent  to  the 
north  shore  of  Lake  Superior,  Minn.,  on 
what  is  now  termed  the  Mesaba  Range  of 
iron  and  pine  lands.  These  lands  embrace 
the  famous  Biwabik  Iron  Mine,  one  of  the 
richest  and  most  extensive  iron  mines  on 
the  range. 

While  Mr.  Williams'  business  career  has 
been  chiefly  sketched  thus  far,  it  should  not 
be  overlooked  that  he  was  prominently  iden- 
tified with  the  moral  and   religious  move- 


ments of  the  period  of  his  active  life.  His 
early  home  in  Xew  York  was  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  one  of  the  early  apostles  of 
emancipation,  the  gifted  Gerrit  Smith,  and 
he  brought  to  the  West  such  a  lively  sense 
of  the  abomination  of  slavery,  that  he  class- 
ed himself  with  the  then  execrated,  but  now 
honored,  abolitionists,  and  identified  himself 
with  all  the  agitations  which  preceded  the 
war  of  the  rebellion  and  the  culmination 
in  the  adoption  of  the  policy  of  emancipa- 
tion. He  was  ever  afterward  a  steadfast 
friend  of  the  colored  man,  and  exemplified 
his  friendship  by  his  numerous  benefactions 
for  their  education  and  the  moral  elevation  of 
the  race.  He  was  also  a  liberal  supporter  of 
the  religious  and  city  mission  work  in  Chi- 
cago, prosecuted  by  the  Congregational 
churches.  The  Chicago  Theological  Semin- 
ary, long  struggling  with  embarrassments, 
which  repressed  its  growth,  but  now  happily 
placed  in  an  independent  position,  owes 
much  to  his  liberal  contributions,  and  the 
Chicago  Commons  also  received  much  aid 
from  him,  and  after  his  death  his  children 
manifested  the  same  spirit  by  giving  the 
family  residence  at  the  Commons  as  a  me- 
morial to  his  honor,  while  the  new  Mater- 
nity Building  of  the  Evanston  Hospital  is  a 
memorial  to  their  mother. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Williams  had  a  family  of 
eight  children,  three  boys  and  five  girls. 
Lucian  Marshall  married  Lucile  Seaton, 
and  they  reside  in  Chicago.  Walter  Smith 
married  Elia  Gilbert,  daughter  of  Mr,  C. 
J.  Gilbert,  of  Evanston,  but  died  in  1801, 
leaving  two  children — John  Marshall  Will- 
iams and  Margaret  Williams.  Another  son, 
Xathan  Wilbur,  married  Elizabeth  Cook, 
and  they  reside  in  Evanston.  Isabella  mar- 
ried Charles  L.  Blaney,  a  son  of  Doctor  J.  V. 
Z.  Blaney,  formerly  of  Chicago,  and  they 
live  at  San  Jose,  Cal.,  and  Anna  married  an- 
other son  of  Dr.  Blaney,  but  both  are  de- 
ceased. Helen  G.  married  Joseph  J.  Husser, 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


525 


and  they  reside  in  Chicago.  Edith  married 
Robert  C.  Kirkwood,  and  they  reside  in 
Mountain  View,  Cal.  Jessie  B.  married 
Parke  E.  Simmons,  and  they  reside  on  the 
old  homestead,  in  Evanston,  at  the  corner 
of  Hinman  Avenue  and  Clark  Street. 

Mr.  Williams  was  at  one  time  President 
of  the  Village  Board  of  Evanston,  and  iden- 
tified himself  with  various  interests  of  the 
city.  During  the  last  four  years  of  his  life 
he  made  his  home  in  Mountain  View,  Cal., 
where  he  died  on  March  9,  1901,  leaving  a 
widow,  Mrs.  Annie  (Dearborn)  Williams, 
and  a  son  Alan. 


ALDIN  J.  GROVER. 

Aldin  J.  Grover  (deceased),  pioneer  set- 
tler of  Chicago  and  early  resident  of  Evans- 
ton, was  born  at  Holland,  Erie  County, 
N.  Y.,  near  Buffalo,  August  24,  1822,  the 
son  of  Chester  J.  and  Susan  (Davis)  Gro- 
ver, both  of  whom  were  natives  of  Brad- 
ford, Vt.  His  parents  moved  to  Western 
New  York  while  that  region  was  still  a 
wilderness,  and  settled  upon  the  famous 
"Holland  Purchase."  Here  the  father  died 
when  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  about 
three  years  old.  Thus  left  fatherless  at  an 
early  age,  the  son  was  compelled  to  face 
the  problem  of  life  about  the  time  when 
most  children  are  entering  school.  Having 
learned  the  carpenter's  trade  by  the  time 
he  was  twenty-two  years  of  age  he  had  ac- 
cumulated sufficient  means  to  enable  him  to 
come  to  the  city  of  Chicago,  which  he  did 
in  September,  1844.  There  being  no  rail- 
road connection  from  Chicago  with  the 
East  at  that  time,  the  journey  was  made 
from  Buffalo  by  the  steamer  "Empire 
State"  around  the  lakes.  He  soon  found 
employment  with  the  American  Car  Works, 
which  later  came  into  the  hands  of  the  Illi- 
nois Central  Railroad  Company.  For  many 
years  thereafter  he  resided  in  Lyons  Town- 


ship, Cook  County,  owning  several  farms 
in  the  vicinity  of  Riverside  and  La  Grange. 
In  1866  he  removed  to  Evanston  for  the 
purpose  of  securing  better  educational  ad- 
vantages for  his  children.  In  Evanston  he 
engaged  in  business  as  a  contractor  and 
builder,  and  was  quite  an  extensive  dealer 
in  real  estate,  in  the  meantime  building  for 
himself  and  others  many  of  the  older  dwell- 
ings and  business  blocks  in  that  city.  His 
residence  in  Evanston,  111.,  from  1866  to 
1895  was  at  the  corner  of  Grove  Street  and 
Sherman  Avenue,  on  the  present  site  of  the 
"Grover  Block,"  recently  built  by  his  ex- 
ecutors. 

In  the  early  days  Mr.  Grover  held  sever- 
al Evanston  township  offices,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Grand  Jury  that  returned  the 
indictments  against  the  Chicago  Anarchists 
after  the  Hay  market  riot  of  1886. 

Mr.  Grover  was  married  twice,  first  to 
Eliza  D.  Reed,  of  Erie  County,  N.  Y.,  and, 
as  his  second  wife,  to  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Skin- 
ner of  Waukegan,  who  survives  him.  Six 
children — two  sons  and  four  daughters — 
were  born  of  the  first  marriage,  all  still 
living,  viz. :  Frank  R.,  Chester  A.,  Etta 
(wife  of  Dr.  Charles  H.  Thayer),  Kath- 
erine  S.,  Caroline  G.  (wife  of  Dr.  Warren 
R.  Smith  of  Lewis  Institute),  and  Louise 
M.  A  stepson,  Mortimer  B.  Skinner,  also 
survives. 

Some  ten  years  before  his  death  Mr. 
Grover  retired  from  business,  and  seven 
years  later  removed  to  Wilmette,  where  he 
spent  the  last  three  years  of  his  life.  His 
death  occurred  in  his  home  at  Wilmette  on 
Sunday,  April  6,  1902. 

Mr.  Grover  is  remembered  as  a  man  of 
great  physical  and  mental  energy  and  in- 
dustry, his  business  activity  extending  until 
he  was  advanced  in  life.  He  left  a  name 
for  sterling  integrity  and  as  a  Christian 
gentleman  of  which  his  family  may  justly 
be  proud,  and  which  is  recognized  by  a 
large  circle  of  friends  and  fellow-citizens. 


526 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


FRANK  REED  GROVER. 

Frank  Reed  Grover,  lawyer.  Chicago, 
with  residence  in  Evanston,  111.,  was  born 
on  a  farm  in  Lyons  Township,  Cook 
County,  111.,  September  17,  1858,  the  son 
of  Aldin  J.  and  Eliza  D.  (Reed)  Grover. 
In  1866  he  came  with  his  father's  family  to 
Evanston,  and  there  received  his  education 
in  the  public  schools,  being  a  member  of  the 
second  graduating  class  of  the  Evanston 
High  School  in  1877.  Later  he  attended  the 
Laiion  College  of  Law  of  the  Northwestern 
University  for  one  year,  and  thereafter, 
until  1881,  was  engaged  in  business  as  a 
traveling  salesman.  During  the  year  last 
named  he  entered  the  law  office  of  Ela  & 
Parker,  Chicago,  where  he  continued  his 
law  studies  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1883.  Upon  the  dissolution  of  this  firm  in 
1885,  he  entered  into  partnership  with  one 
of  its  members  and  his  former  employer. 
John  W.  Ela,  late  President  of  the  Chicago 
Civil  Service  Commission,  under  the  firm 
name  of  Ela  &  Grover,  and  later  under  the 
name  of  Ela,  Grover  &  Graves,  which  was 
continued  until  Mr.  Ela's  death  in  1902. 
Since  tlxat  date  the  business  has  been 
carried  on  by  Mr.  Grover  and  his  surviving 
partners,  without  change  of  the  firm  name. 

The  official  positions  held  by  Mr.  Grover 
include  that  of  member  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  the  former  Village  of  Evanston, 
in  which,  although  the  youngest  member 
ever  elected  to  the  Board,  he  held  the  chair- 
manship of  many  important  committees. 
Having  declined  a  re-election  he  was  subse- 
quently appointed  Village  Attorney,  and 
while  occupying  this  position,  carried 
through  all  the  legal  work  incident  to  con- 
solidation of  the  village  of  Evanston  and 
South  Evanston,  laying  the  foundation  for 
the  present  city  government  for  the  consoli- 
dated corporation.  He  was  then  elected  as 
the    first    City    Attorney    and    Corporation 


Counsel,  and  bore  a  prominent  part  in  or- 
ganization of  the  new  city  government  in 
its  various  departments,  which  was  accom- 
plished in  1892.  For  the  service  thus  ren- 
dered he  received  high  commendation  from 
the  City  Council  in  resolutions  adopted  by 
that  body  on  his  retirement  from  office. 

Mr.  Grover  is  a  member  of  the  Chicago 
Bar  Association  and  has  conducted  a  suc- 
cessful practice  of  his  profession  for  the 
past  twenty  years.  For  several  years  he 
was  Chairman  of  a  Committee  appointed 
by  citizens  of  Evanston  in  connection  with 
the  proposed  constitutional  amendment 
pending  in  the  Legislature,  providing  for  a 
new  charter  for  the  City  of  Chicago.  The 
duties  of  this  committee  were  to  protect 
the  City  of  Evanston  from  any  scheme  look- 
ing to  the  annexation  of  Evanston  to  the 
city,  and  in  this  they  were  entirely  success- 
ful, as  shown  in  the  character  of  the  amend- 
ment as  finally  adopted.  I^.Ir.  Grover  is  a 
charter  member  of  the  Evanston  Historical 
Society,  was  elected  its  first  Vice-Presi- 
dent and  has  served  in  that  capacity  ever 
since.  During  this  period  he  has  been  an 
important  factor  in  promoting  the  success 
of  the  Society,  not  only  in  the  way  of  organ- 
ization and  subsequent  work  in  its  behalf, 
but  by  his  contributions  on  historical  top- 
ics, especially  with  reference  to  matters  con- 
nected with  Indian  history  of  this  locality. 
An  example  of  this  is  furnished  in  a  chapter 
in  this  work  relating  to  Indian  history  con- 
nected with  the  North  Shore.  (See  Chapter 
II.,  "Our  Indian  Predecessors.") 

Mr.  Grover's  father,  Aldin  J.  Grover,  was 
one  of  the  pioneers  of  Cook  County,  who 
came  to  Chicago  from  Erie  County,  N.  Y., 
in  1844,  and  his  mother,  Eliza  D.  (Reed) 
Grover,  who  came  from  the  same  locality, 
was  a  member  of  the  same  family  as 
Charles  H.  Reed,  a  former  State's  Attor- 
ney of  Cook  County.  (See  sketch.  Aldin  J. 
Grover,  in  this  volume.) 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


527 


Mr.  Frank  R.  Grover  was  married  in 
1884  to  Ella  F.  Smith,  of  Olmsted  County, 
Minn.,  and  one  son  has  been  born  to  them, 
namely :    Mortimer   C.    Grover. 


WILLIAM    EICHBAUN    STOCKTON. 

William  Eichbaun  Stockton  was  born  in 
Pittsburg,  Pa.,  December  18,  1840,  the  son 
of  Robert  Clark  and  Martha  Celeste  (Lit- 
tle) Stockton,  the  father  born  near  Mead- 
ville.  Pa.,  and  the  mother  in  Pittsburg. 
The  father  was  a  member  of  the  firm  of 
Johnston  &  Stockton — afterward  R.  C. 
Stockton— who  were  engaged  in  the  print- 
ing, publishing,  bookselling  and  paper  man- 
ufacturing business  in  Pittsburg.  Among 
tlie  publications  issued  by  Johnston  &  Stock- 
ton was  the  "Western  Calculator,"  an  arith- 
metic which  was  popular  and  used  for 
many  years  in  Western  schools.  The  au- 
thor was  Joseph  Stockton,  A.  M.,  the  father 
of  Robert  C.  Stockton,  and  grandfather  of 
the  subject  of  this  sketch,  who  had  studied 
theology  with  the  noted  John  Mc]\Iillan 
and.  in  1801,  became  pastor  of  a  church  at 
Meadville,  Pa.,  whence  he  removed  to 
Pittsburg  to  become  Principal  of  the  Acade- 
my at  that  place,  now  the  Western  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania.  In  1819  he  gath- 
ered together  a  little  group  of  worshippers 
in  Allegheny  City,  and  established  the  first 
clnirch  in  that  city.  He  published  a  series 
of  school  books,  which  proved  a  valuable 
aid  to  popular  education  of  that  period.  Be- 
sides his  interest  in  education  he  was  skilled 
in  medicine,  and  his  services  as  a  missionary 
and  pastor  of  local  churches  were  given, 
largely  without  compensation  or  reward, 
throughout  all  that  region  from  Allegheny 
City  to  the  United  States  Arsenal,  and  from 
Sharpsburg  to  Pine  Creek,  the  churches  at 
the  two  points  last  named  being  built  under 
his  care.     This  was  before  the  davs  of  rail- 


road transportation,  and  travel  was  solely 
by  means  of  horses  or  on  foot.  His  father, 
Robert,  was  one  of  the  first  elders  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  at  Washington,  Pa., 
and  his  grandfather  (Thomas  Stockton) 
was  an  elder  of  the  church  of  Dr.  Craig- 
head, at  Rocky  Springs,  Pa.,  when  that 
patriot  pastor  left  his  pulpit  to  lead  the  male 
members  of  his  church  into  the  ranks  of  the 
Continental  Army. 

William  E.  Stockton  was  first  employed 
in  the  railroad  business  at  Pittsburg,  Pa., 
but  is  now  engaged  in  the  iron  and  steel 
trade  with  office  at  536  Rookery  Building, 
Chicago,  and,  with  the  exception  of  one 
year,  has  been  a  resident  of  Evanston  since 
1872.  On  April  25,  1861,  he  enlisted  under 
the  first  "call  for  troops  issued  by  President 
Lincoln  in  defense  of  the  Union,  was  mus- 
tered into  Company  I,  Twelfth  Regiment 
Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  after 
serving  the  three-months'  period  of  his  en- 
listment, was  discharged  at  Pittsburg,  Pa., 
August  5th  following.  On  the  last  day  of 
the  same  month  (August  31,  1861),  he  re- 
enlisted  as  a  member  of  Company  A,  First 
Regiment  Illinois  Volunteer  Artillery,  but 
was  discharged  under  surgeon's  certificate, 
for  disability,  at  Memphis,  Tenn.,  February 
15,  1863.  A  year  later  (February  15,  1864) 
he  enlisted  a  third  time  as  a  member  of 
Company  A,  Fourteenth  Pennsylvania  Cav- 
alry, was  promoted  to  be  Sergeant-Major  of 
his  regiment  in  the  field  September  20, 
1864,  and  was  discharged  at  Pittsburg, 
Pa.,  January  16,  1865,  on  account  of  a  gun- 
shot wound  received  at  Fisher's  Hill,  Va. 

The  civil  offices  held  by  Mr.  Stockton  in- 
clude those  of  Trustee  of  the  Village  of 
Evanston  and  Director  of  the  Evanston 
Public  Library.  He  is  a  pronounced  Re- 
publican in  political  principles,  but  has  not 
been  a  seeker  for  public  office.  His  religious 
affiliations  are  as  a  member  of  the  First 
Presbvterian  Church  of  Evanston,  in  which 


528 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


he  has  held  the  position  of  Elder.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  John  A.  Logan  Post,  No. 
540,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  and  of 
Evans  Lodge  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  Evanston. 

Mr.  Stockton  was  married  at  Shields,  Pa., 
May  7,  1872,  to  Eliza  Leet  Cook,  a  great- 
granddaughter  of  Major  Daniel  Leet  of 
Virginia  and  Pennsylvania,  who  was  an 
officer  of  the  Continental  Army  during  the 
War  of  the  Revolution  and  a  personal 
friend  of  Gen.  George  Washington.  Two 
children  have  been  born  of  this  union: 
Martha  Cook  Stockton  and  John  Wilson 
Stockton.  The  latter  is  a  resident  of  Evan- 
ston and  is  associated  in  business  with  his 
father  in  the  city  of  Chicago.  u 


CHARLES  GRAIN. 

Charles  Grain,  who  was  one  of  the  earli- 
est settlers  on  the  site  of  the  present  city 
of  Evanston,  and  whose  family  still  reside 
at  the  old  homestead,  thereby  linking  the 
earliest  history  of  the  city  with  the  present, 
was  born  in  Stockton,  Chautauqua  County, 
N.  Y.,  July  16,  1822.  He  came  of  an  old 
New  England  family,  which  is  now  widely 
represented  throughout  the  United  States, 
the  names  Grain  and  Crane  being  traceable 
to  the  same  origin,  and  their  genealogv 
to  the  same  parent  place  in  New  York 
State,  and  here  Mr.  Grain  gained  his  early 
education  in  the  schools  of  Stockton.  In 
1833,  his  father's  family  removed  to  Ohio 
and  settled  in  the  town  of  Leroy,  where  they 
lived  during  the  next  three  years.  From 
there  they  came  west  as  far  as  Hamilton, 
now  in  Steuben  County,  Ind.,  where 
Charles  Grain  received  his  last  schooling 
and  was  fitted,  by  thorough  industrial  train* 
ing  for  an  active  business  life.  He  made 
his  first  visit  to  Illinois  in  1840.  coming 
to  Chicago,  which  then  had  a  population  of 
about  four  thousand  souls.    The  same  year 


he  traversed  the  North  Shore  region,  which 
was  later  to  become  his  home,  and  saw 
much  of  the  then  unbroken  and  totally 
unimproved  land  about  Chicago.  His  cous- 
in, John  Miller,  had  settled  at  what  was  then 
called  Dutchman's  Point,  now  Glenview, 
and  Mr.  Grain  was  in  his  employ  during 
part  of  the  following  year.  Then  return- 
ing to  Indiana  in  1841,  he  remained  there 
until  after  the  death  of  his  mother  in  1842. 
In  company  with  his  brother,  O.  A.  Grain, 
he  then  came  again  to  Illinois,  determined 
to  make  here  his  permanent  home.  The 
settlement,  which  a  little  later  became 
known  as  Ridgeville,  and  still  later  devel- 
oped into  the  Town  of  Evanston,  was  then 
called  Gross  Point,  and  here  the  brothers 
cast  their  lot  with  the  few  pioneers  then  to 
be  found  in  this  region.  In  1844,  they  set- 
tled on  the  farm  by  which  they  were  after- 
ward so  closely  identified  with  Evanston, 
and  which  is  now  part  and  parcel  of  the 
city.  From  1845  to  1850  the  brothers 
were  engaged  in  the  cooperage  business 
there  and  were  pioneer  craftsmen  in  that 
line. 

The  gold  discoveries  in  California,  in 
1849,  stirred  the  spirit  of  adventure  within 
them,  however,  and,  early  in  1850,  they 
were  members  of  a  company  that  outfitted 
a  wagon  train  for  the  long  and,  in  those 
days,  perilous  trip  across  the  plains  and 
over  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  the  Pacific 
Coast.  There  were  thirty  men  in  the  com- 
pany, in  all,  which,  besides  Charles  Grain, 
included  three  of  his  brothers  and  a  cousin 
of  the  same  name.  On  April  8,  1850,  the 
company  left  what  was  known  as  the  Buck- 
eye Inn,  an  old-time  Evanston  tavern,  and 
reached  Georgetown,  Gal.,  in  August  fol- 
lowing, having  been  a  little  more  than  four 
months  on  the  way.  This  was  considered 
a  very  quick  trip  in  those  days,  and  by  rea- 
son of  the  fact  that  this  wagon  train  passed 
pretty  near  everything  on  the  road,  it  was 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


52') 


called    the    "Lightning    Express."      After 
mining    for    something    less    than    a    year. 
with  varying  degrees  of  success,  the  com- 
pany returned  to  Illinois  in  185 1,  bringing 
with  them  the  recollection  of  many  thrill- 
ing    and    interesting    experiences.      Safely 
they  had  crossed  the  arid  plains  of  Kansas, 
the      tortuous    steeps    and    chasms    of    the 
Rocky    Mountains,    and   the   desert   wastes 
beyond.      They    had    traversed,    unharmed, 
a   region    infested    with    wild   animals   and 
wilder  men.    They  had  seen  herds  of  buffa- 
lo  so   vast   that   they   seemed   like   moving 
plains ;  and  they  came  back,  if  not  rich  in 
purse,  rich  in  knowledge  and  stories  of  ad- 
venture with  which  to  regale  their  children 
and  grandchildren,   neighbors  and   friends, 
in    later    years.      Upon    their    return,    Mr. 
Grain  and  his  brother,  O.  A.  Grain,  turned 
their  attention  to   farming  and  gardening, 
and  carried  on  a  profitable  business  in  this 
line  for  many  years,  and  until  the  growth 
of  the  city  created  a  demand  for  the  sub- 
division of  the  lands  and  the  building  up 
thereon  of  city  homes.     Mr.  Charles  Grain 
bought  a  44-acre  tract  of  land  on   which 
he  originally   settled   in   1846,  upon   which 
he    resided    during    the    remainder    of    his 
life,  dying  at  his  home  on  this  farm,  June 
2,   1 89 1.     In  all  respects  he  was  a  typical 
pioneer.      Honest,    upright,    generous    and 
kindly,  he  was  much  esteemed  by  the  pio- 
neers who  were  his  earliest  neighbors  and 
friends,  and  equally  esteemed  by  the  later 
generation  who  grew  up  around  him.     He 
was  one  of  the  pioneer  members  of  the  Ma- 
sonic  Order   in   Evanston,   and   very   soon 
after  its  organization  he  affiliated  with  the 
Evans  Lodge,  and  died  a  member  of  this 
Lodge,  which  buried  him  with  the  honors 
due  a  steadfast  and  faithful  brother. 

Mr.  Grain  was  married,  in  1846,  to  Miss 
Sarah  Burroughs,  who  was  born  in  Ashta- 
bula Gounty,  Ohio,  and  came  with  her  sis- 
ter. Mrs.  Gaptain  Beckwith,  and  her  broth- 


er,  Alonzo   Burroughs,   to   Gross   Point   in 

1842.  There  was  a  bit  of  history  kindred 
to  romance  connected  with  the  coming 
thither  of  the  pioneer  Beckwith.  He  sailed 
a  vessel  on  the  lakes  for  fourteen  years  prior 
to  1841  without  accident,  but  in  the  fall  of 
that  year  his  boat  went  ashore  at  what  is 
known  as  Hubbards  Hill.  The  captain  was 
not  aboard  himself  at  the  time  of  the  wreck, 
but  soon  reached  the  disabled  boat,  and 
while  making  his  way  to  Ghicago  by  wagon, 
fell  in  love  with  the  country  along  the  lake 
shore  and  determined  to  settle  here,  where 
his  wife,  sister-in-law,  and  brother-in-law 
joined  him  the  following  spring.  Mrs. 
Grain's  father,  David  Burroughs,  who  was 
a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812,  came  from 
Ashtabula  Gounty,  Ohio,  to  what  is  now 
Evanston,   with  the   rest   of   his    family   in 

1843.  He  rented,  for  a  time,  the  farm 
which  Gharles  Grain  purchased  two  years- 
later,  and  this  place  has  now  been  Mrs. 
Grain's  home  continuously  for  more  than 
sixty  years.  The  old  homestead  is  still  a 
cherished  possession  of  Mrs.  Grain,  and 
here,  where  she  passed  her  later  girlhood 
and  young  womanhood,  she  is  growing  old 
gracefully,  a  veritable  encyclopedia  of  in- 
formation concerning  the  pioneers  and  pio- 
neer life  of  Evanston  and  its  environments. 
From  time  to  time  she  has  contributed  to 
the  local  press  and  to  the  Evanston  Histori- 
cal Society  much  interesting  data  of  this 
character.  The  history  of  her  family,  as 
well  as  that  of  her  husband's  family,  is 
closely  interwoven  with  the  earliest  history 
of  Evanston,  and  representatives  of  both 
families  bore  an  honorable  part  in  laying 
the   foundation  of  "the  Glassic   Gity." 

Grain  Avenue  was  so  named  in  honor 
of  the  Grain  family.  Besides  Mrs.  Grain, 
the  members  of  this  pioneer  family  living 
in  1905  were  Mrs.  Malvina  (Grain) 
Angle,  Mrs.  Alice  (Grain)  McDougal, 
Miss  Lucy  J.  Grain  of  Evanston,  William 


530 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


E.  Grain,  living  in  Wayne  Gounty,  111. ; 
Gharles  E.  Grain  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. ;  Mrs. 
Francis  (Grain)  Blake  of  non  Gity, 
of  Golo. ;  George  H.  Grain,  real  estate  oper- 
ator of  Evanston,  and  Harvey  E.  Grain 
of  Park  Ridge,  111. 


ROBERT  McLEAN  GUMNOGK. 

Robert  McLean  Gumnock,  A.  M.,  L.  H. 
D.,  Director  of  the  School  of  Oratory, 
Northwestern  University,  at  Evanston,  111., 
has  been  a  resident  of  Evanston  for  thirty- 
eight  years.  Professor  Gumnock  is  of 
Scotch  nativity,  having  been  born  in  the 
town  of  Ayr,  Scotland,  on  May  31,  1844. 
At  a  very  early  period  of  his  life  he  was 
brought  to  America  by  his  father,  who  set- 
tled in  New  England,  and  the  years  of  his 
boyhood  were  spent  in  Massachusetts  and 
New  Hampshire.  His  preparation  for  a  col- 
legfiate  course  was  obtained  at  Wilbraham 
Academy,  Wilbraham,  Mass., and, in  the  fall 
of  1864,  he  entered  Wesleyan  University  at 
Middletown,  Gonn.,  from  which  he  was 
graduated  with  the  class  of  1868.  Three 
years  later  his  Alma  Mater  conferred  upon 
him  the  degree  of  A.  M.,  and  in  1903,  he  re- 
ceived from  Dickinson  Gollege  the  degree 
of  L.   H.   D. 

Professor  Gumnock  was  married,  in  1877, 
to  Annie  E.  Webster,  of  Evanston.  The 
children  resulting  from  this  union  are  Wal- 
lace Webster  Gumnock,  who  was  born  April 
28,  1880,  and  Glaude  B.  Gumnock,  born 
July  31,  1884.  Professor  Gumnock  has 
been  connected  with  the  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity since  1868,  and  to  his  assiduous  care, 
in  the  special  department  of  instruction  over 
which  he  presided,  has  been  entrusted  the 
mental  molding  of  many  pupils  who  have 
achieved  useful  and  notable  careers. 


JOSIAH  SEYMOUR  GURREY. 

The  Gurrey  family  traces  its  ancestry  to 
Richard  Gurrey,  who  came  from  Scotland 
when  a  young  man  and  settled  in  West- 
chester Gounty,  N.  Y.,  about  the  year  1700. 
The  county  records  and  Bolton's  History  of 
that  county  mention  the  names  of  Richard 
Gurrey  and  his  descendants  frequently  dur- 
ing the  period  from  1707  to  the  present  time. 
Richard  Gurrey  had  a  son  of  the  same 
name,  born  in  1709,  who  died  in  1806,  hav- 
ing attained  the  extreme  age  of  ninety- 
seven  years.  His  son  Stephen,  one  of  nine 
children,  was  born  in  1742  and  died  in 
1830.  Stephen  married  Frances,  a  daugh- 
ter of  Thomas  Moore  of  New  York  Gity, 
and  they  reared  a  family  of  seven  children. 
Stephen  served  in  a  New  York  regiment  for 
a  time  during  the  Revolutionary  War.  The 
family  lived  near  Peekskill,  in  Westchester 
Gounty,  almost  from  the  beginning  of  the 
settlement  of  that  region,  and  many  of  the 
descendants,  now  very  numerous,  are  still 
living  there.  One  of  the  sons  of  Stephen 
was  Thomas,  who  was  born  in  1773  and 
died  in  1862.  He  married  Rebecca  Ward 
and  their  children  were  nine  in  number. 
The  youngest  was  James,  the  father  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  who  was  born  in  1814 
and  died  in  1891.  He  married  Eliza  Fer- 
ris of  Peekskill  and  had  a  family  of  six 
children. 

losiah  Sevmour  Gurrey,  the  eldest  son  of 
James  and  Eliza  (Ferris)  Gurrey,  was  born 
on  a  farm  near  Peekskill,  N.  Y.,  October 
2,  1844.  In  his  childhood  he  attended  the 
schools  of  the  neighborhood,  and  when  thir- 
teen years  of  age,  removed  with  his  parents 
to  Illinois,  the  family  making  its  home  at 
Ghaiuiahon,  in  Will  Gounty,  where  his 
father  carried  on  the  farming  business.  In 
1862  the  family  removed  to  Ghicago,  and  in 
1867  to  Evanston.  His  father  was  engaged 
for  some  years   in  the  lumber  business  at 


II 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


531 


Evanston,  frequently  receiving  cargoes 
from  lake  vessels  at  the  old  Davis  Street 
pier,  now  in  ruins. 

In  1862,  Seymour  Currey,  as  he  is  usually 
known,  enlisted  in  the  Sixty-seventh  Regi- 
ment Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry  (a  3- 
months'  regiment).  After  serving  the 
period  of  his  enlistment  on  guard  duty  at 
Chicago  and  Springfield,  he  was  discharged 
October  6th,  following.  Later  in  the  war 
he  enlisted  again  in  one  of  the  "hundred- 
day"  regiments — the  One  Hundred  and 
Thirty-fourth  Illinois.  During  and  after 
the  war  Mr.  Currey  became  engaged  in 
various  employments,  one  year  as  teacher 
in  a  country  district  school  near  Aurora, 
111.,  for  some  years  serving  as  an  assistant 
in  the  oldtime  drug-store  of  Bliss  &  Sharp 
at  144  Lake  Street,  Chicago,  and  later 
spending  a  year  in  attendance  at  the  North- 
western University  in  Evanston.  His  first 
appearance  in  the  place  where  he  ha?  since 
made  his  home  was  in  the  spring  of  1867, 
and  in  the  following  fall  he  regularly  en- 
tered the  Lfniversity  as  a  member  of  the 
class  of  1871.  His  course  was  not  finished, 
but  the  next  year  other  activities  were  en- 
tered upon,  and  since  that  time  he  has  been 
engaged  in  various  mercantile  employments, 
most  of  the  time  as  an  accountant,  in  which 
capacity  he  attained  considerable  proficien- 
cy. In  1895  he  became  connected  with  the 
New  England  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Com- 
pany of  Boston,  which  has  been  continued 
to  the  present  time. 

Mr.  Currey  was  married  November  24, 
1875,  to  Miss  Mary  Ella  Corell,  by  Rev. 
E.  N.  Packard  of  the  Congregational 
Church  of  Evanston.  Miss  Corell  was  born 
at  Portland,  Chautauqua  County,  N.  Y., 
September  1 1,  1852.  the  daughter  of  Joseph 
Corell  of  that  place.  The  Corell  family  had 
lived  in  Chautauqua  County  since  the  days 
of  the  "Holland  Purchase"  early  in  the 
nineteenth  centurv.     Mr.  and  Mrs.  Currev 


have  had  seven  children,  six  of  whom  are 
living.  The  oldest,  Helen  Marguerite,  was 
born  May  27,  1877,  graduated  from  Vassar 
College  in  1901  ;  the  second,  Harold  Young, 
born  June  10,  1879,  graduated  from  the 
Massachusetts  Irjstitute  of  Technology  in 
1902;  the  third,  Frances  Moore,  born 
March  21,  1882,  married  Ralph  M.  Ashby, 
November  2,  1905 ;  the  fourth,  Rachel, 
born  October  25,  1883,  graduated  from 
Wellesley  College  in  1905 ;  the  fifth,  Fred- 
erick Seymour,  born  August  5,  1885,  died 
December  21,  1888;  the  sixth,  Richard 
Channing.  born  September  20,  1891 ;  the 
seventh,  Ruth  Seymour,  born  July  28,  1896. 
All  were  born  in  Evanston,  and  the  two 
last  named  are  attending  the  schools  in 
Evanston. 

Among  the  ancestors  of,  and  those  im- 
mediately related  to,  the  Curreys  are  the 
names  of  many  well  known  families  and 
men  who  have  attained  eminence.  Frances 
Moore,  previously  mentioned,  was  the 
daughter  of  Thomas  Aloore  of  New  York 
and  Elizabeth  Channing,  who  was  the 
daughter  of  William  Channing,  the  agent  of 
the  British  navy  in  New  York.  Frances  was 
one  of  a  family  of  eleven  children,  born  in 
1750  and  died  in  1824.  A  brother  of  Fran- 
ces, John  Moore,  was  the  agent  of  the  Brit- 
ish government  in  New  York  from  1765  to 
1783,  and  was  naturally  unfriendly  to  the 
American  cause.  He  was  denounced  in  a 
report  made  to  the  Provincial  Congress  in 
1776.  The  sympathies  of  the  family  were 
divided,  however,  as  another  brother.  Ste- 
phen Moore,  was  Colonel  of  an  American 
regiment,  and  was  owner  of  the  land  on 
which  the  buildings  of  the  West  Point 
Academy  are  now  situated,  which  he  sold 
to  the  American  Government  after  the  war 
for  $10,000.  Ann  Moore,  a  sister  of  Fran- 
ces, became  the  wife  of  Jedediah  Hunt- 
ington, a  Major-Ceneral  in  the  .American 
armv,  and  Frances  herself  was  the  wife  of 


532 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


Stephen  Currey,  a  private  in  the  same  army. 
Another  brother  of  Frances  was  Richard 
Channing  Moore,  who  was  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Bishop  of  Mrginia  from  1814  to 
1841.  and  rector  of  the  Monumental  Church 
of  Richmond. 

Going  back  a  generation  we  find  that 
John  Aloore,  the  father  of  Thomas  Aloore, 
held  appointments  from  the  British  govern- 
ment in  colonial  times,  was  a  member  of 
"His  Majesty's  Council"  in  New  York, 
and  Colonel  of  a  city  regiment.  He  mar- 
ried Frances  Lambert,  a  member  of  a 
Huguenot  family,  and  they  were  the  parents 
of  eighteen  children,  one  of  whom,  Thomas 
Moore,  above  mentioned,  is  in  the  line  of 
ancestry  we  are  here  tracing.  The  line  of 
descent  is  as  follows :  John  Moore,  1687 
to  1749;  Thomas  Moore,  1722  to  1784; 
Frances  Moore,  1750  to  1824,  who  married 
Stephen  Currey,  previously  mentioned.  In 
Trinity  churchyard.  New  ifork,  within  a 
few  yards  of  the  passing  throng  in  Broad- 
way, may  be  seen  the  family  vault  of  the 
Moore  family.  In  this  vault  lie  the  remains 
of  John  Moore  and  Frances  Lambert,  his 
wife ;  Thomas  Moore  and  Elizabeth  Chan- 
ning, his  wife :  and  a  number  of  the  chil- 
dren of  both  families. 

The  Ward  family  were  residents  of 
Peekskill  in  colonial  times,  and  at  the  time 
of  the  Revolutionary  War,  Benjamin  Ward 
became  Cajjtain  of  a  company  of  loyalists, 
or  "Tories,"  and  entered  the  British  serv- 
ice. He  was  present  at  the  storming  of 
Ft.  Montgomery  in  1777,  being  one  of  the 
first  to  scale  the  walls.  After  the  war  he 
became  reconciled  to  the  new  order  of 
things  and  lived  in  Peekskill  the  remainder 
of  his  life.  John  Paulding,  one  of  the  cap- 
tors of  Major  Andre,  married  a  sister  of 
Benjamin  Ward,  and  one  of  the  children, 
Hiram  Paulding,  became  a  Rear-Admiral 
in  the  L'nited  States  Navy  about  the  time 
of  the  Civil  War.    Benjamin  Ward's  daugh- 


ter, Rebecca,  was  born  in  1776  and  died  in 
1864.  She  married  Thomas  Currey  in  1796 
and  they  had  a  large  family  of  children,  one 
of  whom  w'as  James  Currey,  the  fp.ther  of 
the  present  subject. 

Of  the  Ferris  family  the  first  mention  is 
made  of  Jeffrey  Ferris,  who  came  from 
England  about  1635,  and  was  a  resident  of 
Stamford,  Conn.,  where  he  died  in  1666. 
His  son  John  was  born  about  1650  and  died 
in  1715.  The  next  in  order  of  descent  was 
Peter,  who  became  a  resident  of  Westchest- 
er, N.  Y.,  where  in  1721  his  name  is  men- 
tioned in  a  deed  in  the  county  records.  His 
son  Jonathan  was  born  in  1732  and  died 
in  1798.  Jonathan  was  a  soldier  in  the 
Revolutionary  War,  and  member  of  a  com- 
pany raised  in  Peekskill.  It  is  a  singular 
fact  that  Jonathan  Ferris  and  Stephen  Cur- 
rey, previously  mentioned,  were  members 
of  the  same  company,  namely ;  Capt.  Eben- 
ezer  Boyd's  company  of  Col.  Drake's  regi- 
ment of  New  York  troops ;  and  that  their 
descendants — a  great-granddaughter  o"f  the 
former  and  a  grandson  of  the  latter — should 
have  become  man  and  wife.  And  thus  the 
present  subject  of  this  account,  J.  Seymour 
Currey,  is  able  to  trace  his  Revolutionary 
ancestry,  on  both  the  maternal  and  paternal 
sides  to  men  who  were  fellow  soldiers  in 
the  same  company.  Jonathan  raised  a  fam- 
ily of  fourteen  children,  the  eldest  of  whom 
was  Joseph,  who  was  born  in  1757  and  died 
in  184 1.  He  married  Lydia  Seymour  in 
1786.  and  they  had  a  family  of  ten  chil- 
dren. The  eldest  was  Josiah  Seymour,  for 
whom  the  subject  of  this  account  wa§ 
named.  He  was  born  in  1788  and  died  in 
1882.  He  was  married  to  Elizabeth  Royce 
of  Peekskill  in  1814  and  they  had  nine  chil- 
dren. He  was  for  many  years  a  custom 
house  officer  in  New  York,  where  the  fami- 
ly lived  a  great  part  of  their  lives.  One 
of  the  daughters  of  the  family  was  Eliza, 
who  was  born  April  7,  1825,  married  James 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


533 


Currey,  October  22,  1843,  and  she  is  still 
living  in  good  health  at  the  age  of  eighty- 
one.  The  eldest  child  of  this  union  is  the 
subject  of  this  sketch. 

Of  the  uncles  of  Mr.  Currey  on  his 
father's  side  one  was  Daniel  Curry  who 
spelled  his  name  at  variance  with  the  usage 
of  his  ancestors.  In  1827  he  graduated 
from  the  Wesleyan  University,  Middletown, 
Conn.,  and  entered  the  ministry  of  the 
Methodist  Church.  He  received  the  de- 
gree of  Doctor  of  Divinity,  and  in  1854  be- 
came President  of  Indiana  Asbury  Univer- 
sity (now  De  Pauw).  In  1857  he  became 
editor  of  the  New  York  "Christian  Advo- 
cate," and  was  the  author  of  numerous 
works.  A  biographical  account  of  him  is 
given  in  the  American  Cyclopedia,  and  in 
the  New  York  papers  at  the  time  of  his 
death  in  1887.  Another  uncle,  a  twin 
brother  of  James  Currey,  was  John  Currey, 
still  living  in  California  at  the  advanced  age 
of  ninety-two  years.  John  Currey  was 
graduated  at  Wesleyan  University  and  af- 
terwards entered  upon  the  practice  of  law 
in  Peekskill.  In  1849  he  went  to  California 
and  has  resided  there  ever  since.  He  was 
an  occupant  of  the  Palace  Hotel,  where  he 
had  lived  some  thirty  years,  at  the  time 
of  its  destruction  by  earthquake  and  fire, 
April  18,  19O6,  but  escaped  in  safety, 
though  suffering  a  severe  property  loss.  In 
1859  he  was  a  candidate  for  Governor  of 
the  State  of  California,  and  though  defeat- 
ed, he  conducted  one  of  the  liveliest  cam- 
paigns in  the  political  history  of  the  State. 
In  1864  he  was  elected  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  which  office 
he  held  for  eight  years.  In  1870  the  degree 
of  LL.  D  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Wil- 
liams College  of  Massachusetts.  His  de- 
cisions as  Judge  occupy  a  large  space  in  the 
California  reports,  and  are  highly  esteemed 
by  lawyers.  Edward  Currey,  a  brother  of 
Josiah  Seymour,  was  at  one  time  Secretary 


of  State  of  the  State  of  Arkansas,  and  was 
a  prominent  banker  in  the  West  at  the  time 
of  his  untimely  death  in  1904.  Another 
brother,  Arthur  L.  Currey,  is  a  practicing 
lawyer  of  Chicago  widely  known  in  the 
community. 

As  will  be  observed,  the  family  of  Mr. 
Currey  has  been  closely  identified  with  the 
history  of  the  country  at  all  periods  since 
colonial  times.  In  the  Revolutionary  War 
some  of  its  members  were  found  in  the 
ranks  and  some  among  the  officers  on  both 
sides.  They  are  found  in  the  legal  and  min- 
isterial professions,  and  some  have  risen  to 
eminence.  Large  families  and  a  remark- 
able average  of  longevity  have  been  charac- 
teristics of  the  different  branches  above 
described.  One  of  the  family,  who  in  1883 
was  engaged  in  writing  a  family  history 
(which,  however,  was  not  completed),  esti- 
mated that  there  were  (or  had  been)  600 
descendants  of  Stephen  Currey  and  Frances 
Moore. 

Since  his  residence  in  Evanston,  Mr.  Cur- 
rey has  been  honored  by  the  citizens  by  be- 
ing elected  a  Director  of  the  Evanston  Pub- 
lic Library,  for  a  succession  of  terms.  In 
the  spring  election  of  1886,  when  Evanston 
was  under  a  village  form  of  government, 
he  was  elected  for  a  term  of  three  years, 
and  re-elected  twice  thereafter.  The  village 
having  been  succeeded  by  a  city  form  of 
government  in  1892,  the  office  of  Library 
Director  became  thereafter  an  appointive 
one,  and  Mr.  Currey  has  received  the 
appointment  each  time  his  term  has 
expired  up  to  the  present  time,  mak- 
ing a  continuous  service  in  this  line 
of  over  twenty  years.  He  is  now  Vice- 
President  of  the  Board,  and  Chairman  of 
the  Building  Committee  having  in  charge 
the  new  Public  Library  building  now  in 
course  of  construction.  In  1898  he  was 
the  principal  mover  in  the  formation  of  the 
Evanston  Historical  Society  of  which  the 


534 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


late  Harvey  B.  Kurd  was  President  up  to 
the  time  of  his  death  in  January,  1906,  when 
Mr.  Currey  was  elected  his  successor  and  is 
now  President  of  the  Society.  Mr.  Currey 
is  a  member  of  the  Caxton  Club  of  Chicago, 
the  American  Historical  Association,  the 
Illinois  State  Historical  Society,  the  Illi- 
nois State  Library  Association,  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic,  the  Sons  of  the 
American  Revolution  and  the  Society  of  the 
Colonial   Wars. 


COXRAD  HERMAN  POPPENHUSEN. 

Conrad  H.  Poppenhusen,  lawyer,  Evans- 
ton  and  Chicago,  was  born  on  Long  Island, 
New  York,  July  21,  1871,  and  is  the  son 
of  Herman  C.  Poppenhusen,  a  former  man- 
ager of  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  and  his 
wife,  Caroline  C.  Funke.  The  family  name 
is  one  of  social  and  financial  prominence 
and  will,  for  a  great  measure  of  time,  be 
perpetuated  in  the  educational  history  of 
Long  Island,  because  of  the  beneficence  of 
Conrad  Poppenhusen,  the  paternal  grand- 
father of  the  subject  of  this  narrative,  who 
was  a  man  of  affairs,  being  then  the  con- 
trolling owner  of  the  Long  Island  Railroad. 
Commemorative  of  his  fiftieth  anniversarv, 
he  presented  to  the  village  of  College  Point, 
Long  Island,  a  suitable  plat  of  ground, 
along  with  an  endowment  of  one  hundred 
thousand  dollars,  in  which  deed  is  written 
the  initial  chapter  of  Poppenhusen  Institute. 

The  early  education  of  Mr.  Poppenhusen 
was  obtained  in  private  schools,  and  at  the 
age  of  eleven  years  he  was  sent  to  Europe 
where  he  remained  until  his  eighteenth  year, 
attending  the  best  schools  during  that  en- 
tire period.  Returning  to  America,  he  lo- 
cated in  Evanston  and  entered  the  Evanston 
High  School,  from  which  he  was  graduated 
after  six  months'  attendance.  In  the  same 
year   (1890)   he  matriculated  in  the  Union 


College  of  Law,  now  the  School  of  Law 
of  the  Northwestern  University,  and  re- 
ceived his  degree  in  1892.  In  the  year  1893 
he  was  admitted  to  the  Chicago  bar  and 
then  began  the  practice  of  his  profession. 
Several  years  afterward  he  entered  the  law 
partnership  of  Gregory,  Poppenhusen  & 
McXab,  which  firm  occupies  a  position  of 
high  rank  in  the  Cook  County  Bar. 

Following  the  precepts  of  his  father  and 
paternal  grandfather,  Conrad  Herman  Pop- 
penhusen takes  a  leading  interest  in  educa- 
tional matters.  From  1898  down  to  the 
date  of  this  sketch  he  has  been  continuously 
a  member  of  the  Evanston  High  School 
Board  of  Education,  serving  with  'distinc- 
tion during  the  term  1902-03  as  President 
of  that  body.  In  his  political  affiliations, 
he  is  identified  with  the  Republican  party, 
and  has  been  honored,  at  the  solicitation  of 
his  party,  with  office.  In  1895  he  was  Sec- 
retary and  Chief  Examiner  of  the  Evanston 
Civil  Service  Commission,  and  from  1895 
to  1897  served  as  Alderman  in  the  Evanston 
City  Council.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Re- 
publican Club  of  Evanston. 

The  social  status  of  Mr.  Poppenhusen  is 
exemplified  by  his  membership  in  the  fol- 
lowing social  and  other  organizations : 
Evanston  Club,  Evanston  Golf  Club ; 
Onwentsia  Club,  Lake  Forest ;  Union 
League,  Chicago ;  Chicago  Athletic  Club ; 
City  Club,  Chicago;  Lawyers'  Club,  New 
York ;  Chicago  Bar  Association ;  Illi- 
nois Bar  Association ;  Municipal  Asso- 
ciation, Evanston,  and  the  Civic  Fed- 
eration of  Evanston,  and  is  also  a  member 
,  of  all  Masonic  bodies.  He  is  a  believer  in 
the  Presbyterian  faith  and  a  member  of  the 
First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Evanston. 

At  Evanston,  June  25,  1895,  Mr.  Poppen- 
husen was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Har- 
riet Mae  Gunn,  born  May  9,  1872,  the 
daughter  of  Alexander  H.  Gunn,  Esq.,  a 
graduate  of  Yale  College,  class  of  1854,  and 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


535 


of  Yale  Law  School.  Her  mother,  Emily 
(Dyer)  Gunn,  is  a  daughter  of  Charles 
Dyer,  M.  D.,  of  Burlington,  Wis.,  and  a  sis- 
ter of  Judge  Charles  E.  Dyer,  of  Milwau- 
kee, Wis. 


SIMON  VEDER  KLINE. 

Simon  \'eder  Kline  (deeased),  whose  res- 
idence in  Evanston  dates  from  1850,  before 
the  advent  of  railroads  at  this  point,  was 
formerly  a  substantial  and  prosperous  mer- 
chant of  the  place.  He  was  born  in  Fonda, 
N.  Y.,  June  12,  1821,  and  his  ancestors  were 
of  German  extraction.  He  was  reared  in 
the  village  of  Fonda,  where  he  attended 
the  common  schools,  and  in  his  youth 
learned  blacksniithing.  After  living  for  a 
time  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  he  came  to  Chi- 
cago, where  he  engaged  in  the  manufacture 
of  threshing  machines  and  farming  imple- 
ments under  the  firm  name  of  Wemple, 
Kline  &  Company.  In  1866.  they  disposed 
of  the  business,  and  Mr.  Kline  entered  upon 
the  manufacture  of  lumber  at  Glencoe,  111., 
and  also  had  a  contract  for  supplying  the 
Northwestern  Railroad  with  wood  for  en- 
gines at  that  point.  After  the  disposal  of 
these  interests  along  in  the  'seventies,  he  did 
not  engage  again  in  mercantile  pursuits,  but 
operated  a  farm  which  he  owned  north  of 
Evanston  until  1880.  At  that  time  he  went 
into  the  grain  business  in  Evanston,  and 
also  conducted  a  grocery  store.  This  he 
continued  until  1891,  when  he  withdrew 
from  active  business  and  lived  in  retirement 
until  his  death,  December  18,  1893. 

Mr.  Kline  served  as  Assessor  of  the 
Township  of  Evanston  for  several  years ; 
he  was  also  Township  Collector  for  a  num- 
ber of  years,  and  subsequently  served  as 
Village  Trustee. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  twice  mar- 
ried.    His    first    wife    was    Mary    Foster, 


whom  he  wedded  in  185 1.  She  bore  him 
one  child,  James  D.,  born  February  28, 
1852,  who  married  Anna  Gedney ;  he  died 
in  1880.  For  his  second  wife  Mr.  Kline 
married  Laura  Northrup  Ostrander,  of  Wa- 
tervale,  N.  Y.,  November  16,  1853.  The 
issue  of  this  union  was  George  Romyne, 
Mary  Virginia,  Carrie  Anna,  Frank  J.,  and 
Charles  Gaffield.  George  Romyne  was 
born  November  15,  1854,  and  died  October 
20,  1901.  Mary  Virginia,  who  is  deceased, 
married  Fred.  R.  Merrill,  of  Evanston,  and 
they  had  four  children,  three  of  whom  are 
living.  Frank  J.  married  Anna  C.  Franz, 
of  Evanston,  and  they  have  four  children. 
Charles  Gaffield,  born  January  6,  1863,  mar- 
ried Harriet  E.  Franz,  and  they  have  six 
children.  In  politics,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  a  Republican,  and  in  religious 
belief,  a  Universalist.  Socially  he  was  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  His  widow  is 
still  living. 


GEORGE  ROMYNE  KLINE. 

George  R.  Kline  (deceased ),  formerly  a 
prosperous  merchant  of  Evanston,  111., 
where  he  lived  forty-five  years,  was  born  in 
Chicago,  November  15,  1854.  His  father, 
Simon  \'eder  Kline,  one  of  the  pioneer  res- 
idents of  the  place,  who  was  a  merchant 
and  farmer,  was  born  in  Fonda,  N.  Y., 
June  12,  1821,  and  his  ancestors  were  of 
German  origin.  His  mother,  formerly 
Laura  Northrup  Ostrander,  was  born  in 
Watervale,  N.  Y.,  and  was  married  to 
Simon  V.  Kline,  November  16,  1853. 
George  R.  Kline  came  with  his  parents  to 
Evanston  when  he  was  two  years  old,  and 
there  attended  the  public  school,  which 
stood  a  little  north  of  the  lighthouse  and 
was  very  primitive  in  those  days.  Dwellings 
were  few  and  the  wolves  could  be  heard 
howling  around  the  home  at  night. 


536 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


George  was  an  apt  pupil,  and  took  pride 
in  recalling  the  time  when  he  won  a  picture 
of  George  Washington  in  the  old  school 
house,  for  being  the  best  speller.  He  grew 
up  in  the  midst  of  pioneers  trained  to  farm- 
ing, and  was  accustomed  to  till  the  soil 
where  fine  houses  and  grounds  now  mark 
the  landscape  and  excite  the  beholder's 
admiration.  About  the  year  1882,  when  the 
city  of  Evanston  began  to  build  up  more 
rapidly,  Mr.  Kline  abandoned  the  farming 
and  dairying  business  which  he  had  carried 
on  in  company  with  his  father,  and  in  com- 
pany with  the  latter  went  into  the  flour  and 
feed  business,  conducting  also  a  grocery 
store.  Shortly  before  the  death  of  his  fa- 
ther he  sold  his  interest  in  the  grocery,  but 
continued  in  the  flour  and  feed  trade.  In 
1899,  he  disposed  of  his  store  and  purchased 
a  large  farm  near  Lake  Forest,  to  which  he 
gave  a  large  share  of  his  attention  thereafter 
until  his  death,  which  occurred  at  his  coun- 
try home  October  20,  igoi.  He  had  led  a 
very  active  life  and  died  at  a  comparatively 
early  age.  Besides  his  farm  he  was  owner 
of  valuable  real  estate  in  Evanston,  and  had 
been  for  some  time  part  owner  and  operator 
of  an  elevator  at  Rockwell,  Iowa. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  married  in 
Chicago,  in  1875,  to  Mary  Jones,  a  daugh- 
ter of  James  W.  and  Margaret  (Snyder) 
Jones,  who  still  survives  him.  Mrs.  Kline's 
parents  came  to  Evanston  from  Peekskill, 
N.  Y.,  in  1857.  They  first  settled  at  what 
is  now  Wilmette,  when  Mrs.  Kline  was  four 
years  of  age,  but  two  years  afterwards 
established  their  home  on  the  site  of  the 
present  corner  of  Church  Street  and  Chi- 
cago Avenue,  in  Evanston.  The  children 
of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kline  are  Rolland  R.,  Mrs. 
Laura  (Kline)  Thomas,  of  Evanston,  and 
Mrs.  Jennie  (Kline)  Payne,  also  of  Evan- 
ston. Here  Mrs.  Kline  spent  her  girlhood, 
removing  subsequently  with  her  father's 
family  to  Chicago,  where  she  was  married. 


In  political  views,  Mr.  Kline  supported  the 
Republican  party,  and  participated  with 
lively  interest  in  its  campaign  work.  He 
served  as  Tax  Collector  in  Evanston  during 
the  years  1898,  1899  and  1900.  He  was  an 
estimable  man,  honest  and  upright  in  all  his 
transactions  and  left  a  name  free  from  re- 
proach. 


CHARLES  GAFFIELD  KLINE. 

Charles  G.  Kline,  President  of  the  Kline 
Bros.  Coal  and  Grain  Company  and  for- 
mer manager  of  the  Evanston  branch  of 
the  Peabody  Coal  Company,  in  which  he  is 
a  stockholder,  was  born  in  Evanston,  Illi- 
nois, January  6,  1863.  His  parents,  Simon 
v.  and  Laura  (Ostrander)  Kline,  were 
pioneer  residents  of  Evanston.  His  father 
who  was  a  merchant  and  farmer,  was  born 
in  Fonda,  N.  Y.,  June  12,  1821,  his  ances- 
tors being  of  German  origin.  He  married 
Laura  Ostrander,  November  16,  1853. 

Charles  G.  Kline  was  reared  in  Evanston, 
and  enjoyed  the  advantages  of  the  public 
schools.  In  1884  he  became  associated  with 
his  father  and  brother  in  the  flour  and  feed 
business,  to  which  he  had  been  trained  in 
his  father's  store.  Lntil  1890  he  was  jun- 
ior partner  of  the  firm  of  S.  V.  Kline  & 
Sons.  Then  his  brother,  George  R.,  took 
the  feed  business  in  which,  in  1892,  Charles 
G.  became  a  partner  with  him.  The  same 
year  they  engaged  in  the  coal  trade,  taking 
over  the  business  of  the  Evanston  Elevator 
and  Coal  Company.  This  connection  con- 
'tinued  until  1899,  when  George  R.  Kline 
retired  from  the  firm.  Charles  G.  Kline 
conducted  the  business  until  December  31, 
1904,  when  the  concern  was  absorbed  by  the 
Peabody  Coal  Company,  whose  coal  inter- 
ests in  Evanston  Mr.  Kline  superintends, 
having  gained  an  extensive  patronage.  Mr. 
Kline  has  had  this  trade  under  his  personal 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


537 


direction  since  1892,  and  has  developed  it 
into  large  proportions.  He  has  charge  of 
all  the  interests  of  the  Kline  estate,  acting 
also  as  administrator  of  the  estate  of  his 
brother  George,  since  the  death  of  the  latter 
in  1901. 

Mr.  Kline  was  married  in  Evanston,  in 
1885,  to  Harriet  E.  Franz,  a  daughter  of 
Jacob  Franz,  of  Evanston.  Mrs.  Kline's 
parents  were  early  settlers  in  Chicago,  and 
in  later  years  made  their  home  in  Evanston. 
The  children  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kline  are: 
Carrie  M.,  Merritt  C,  Elida  F.  Helen, 
Walter  E.  and  Harriet  E.  Politically, 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  Repub- 
lican, and  fraternally,  he  is  a  member  of  the 
Modern  Woodmen  of  America. 


TUNIS  ISBESTER. 

Tunis  Isbester  (deceased)  was  born  in 
Kinderhook,  N.  Y.,  on  May  10,  1849,  3"d 
was  engaged  in  business  in  Rochester,  N. 
Y.,  until  about  1887.  when  he  removed  to 
Evanston,  111.,  which  continued  to  be  his 
residence  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
January  15,  1902.  During  the  latter  years 
of  his  life  and  at  the  time  of  his  decease, 
Mr.  Isbester  was  the  Western  Manager  of 
the  Westinghouse  Air-Brake  Company,  and 
was  widely  known  in  business  circles 
throughout  the  United  States.  His  par- 
ents were  of  Scotch  descent,  but  resided  in 
Kinderhook,  N.  Y.,  for  many  years,  finally 
removing  to  Niagara  Falls.  Mrs.  Isbester 
was  born  in  Nashville,  Tenn.,  in  1849,  the 
daughter  of  John  H.  and  Christene  (Cul- 
len)  Campion,  and  comes  of  Scotch  ances- 
try. Her  family  removed  from  Nashville, 
Tenn.,  to  New  York  City  about  1854,  a  few 
years  after  her  birth,  and  she  was  married 
at  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  to  Mr.  Isbester  December 
29,  1873. 


JOHN  J.  FOSTER. 

John  J.   Foster   (deceased)   was  born  in 
Syracuse,   N.   Y.,   April    16,   1832,  the  son 
of  William   and   Mary   Foster,  the   former 
born  in  Ireland  and  the  latter  in  New  York 
State,  who  came  West  with  their  family  in 
the  fall  of  1839,  making  their  home  for  six 
months  in  Chicago.     In  the  spring  of  1840 
they  removed  to  Gross  Point,  purchased  a 
farm    and    remained    there    for    six    years. 
Sometime  in  1846  they  came  to  the  newly- 
laid-out  town  of  Evanston,  locating  on  what 
was  known  as  the  "Old  Ridge  Road,"  now 
Ridge  Avenue  and  Grant  Street.     Mr.  Fos- 
ter   received    his    education    in    the    public 
schools,  and  in  his  seventeenth  year  (1849) 
left  home  with  his  father  for  an  overland 
trip  to  California.     Of  the  experience  per- 
taining to  this  journey  much  might  be  said. 
It  was  at  length  accomplished  in  safety,  and 
the  young  man  spent  three  fairly  successful 
years  in  the  West.     Upon  his  returning  to 
Illinois,    Mr.    Foster    located    at    Evanston, 
where  he  was  engaged  at  different  times,  in 
the  coal  and  lumber  trades.     While  dealing 
in  coal,  he  built  what   was  known  as  the 
"Foster  Pier,"  where  much  merchandise  of 
various   sorts   was   handled   during  a   long 
period.     This  pier,  which,  during  the  last 
quarter  of  a  century,  was  so  important  a 
feature  of  the  lake  trade  at   Evanston,  as 
well  as  the  landing  place  of  passengers  from 
lake  vessels,  was  a  place  of  much  historic 
interest.     Here  schooners  and  other  vessels 
were  accustomed  to  discharge  their  cargoes 
of  coal  and  other  fuel  for  consumption  in 
the  city  of  Evanston  and  surrounding  coun- 
try, while  numerous  lake  steamers  used  it  as 
a  landing  place  for  parties  of  excursionists 
from   Chicago  and   other  points,   who  had 
come  to  visit  and  admire  the  college  sub- 
urb.    Through  all  its  history  was  associated 
with  it  the  name  of  Mr.  Foster,  its  origina- 
tor and  builder. 


538 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


On  June  12,  1852,  Mr.  Foster  was  united 
in  marriage  to  Miss  Marietta,  daughter  of 
Oliver  Jellerson,  a  native  of  Bangor,  Maine, 
who  came  to  Illinois  in  1839,  first  settling  in 
Chicago,  but  removing  to  Evanston  in  1846, 
purchased  land  on  what  is  now  Ridge  Av- 
enue and  Leonard  Street.  The  old  home- 
stead where  Mrs.  Eoster  spent  her  girlhood 
days  is  yet  standing.  Mr.  Jellerson  accom- 
panied Mr.  Foster  and  his  son,  John  J.,  on 
their  overland  California  trip  in  1849,  and 
there  the  former  died.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fos- 
ter were  the  parents  of  six  children,  three  of 
whom  are  living:  Edward,  John  H.,  and 
Mrs.  Olive  M.  Corlett,  all  residents  of 
Evanston. 

In  his  political  views  Mr.  Foster  was  a 
Republican,  and  he  and  his  wife  were  mem- 
bers of  the  Baptist  Church.  Mr.  Foster 
had  all  of  the  pioneer  resident's  pride  in 
the  town  in  which  he  had  always  felt  so 
loyal  and  deep  an  interest,  and  in  the  devel- 
opment of  which  he  was  so  important  a  fac- 
tor. The  growth  and  prosperity  of  Evan- 
ston meant  much  to  one  who,  like  him,  had 
never  for  a  moment  doubted  the  supremacy 
of  the  college  town.  His  death,  which  oc- 
curred February  12,  1898,  was  sudden,  be- 
ing the  direct  result  of  an  accident,  in  which 
he  received  an  injury  while  unloading  a 
coal  vessel  at  Foster's  Pier.  His  widow 
survives,  residing  at  No.  2236  Ridge  Av- 
enue, Evanston. 


ANDREW  SCHWALL. 

Andrew  Schwall  (deceased),  former  cit- 
izen of  Evanston.  111.,  was  born  near  Ber- 
lin, Germany,  October  11,  1846,  the  oldest 
son  of  Jacob  and  Katherine  (Rieden) 
Schwall,  both  of  whom  were  natives  of  the 
vicinity  of  their  son's  birthplace,  where  the 
father  was  a  farmer  by  occupation.  The 
parents  came  to  America  in  1847,  when  the 


son  was  one  year  old,  and  buying  sixty 
acres  of  land  at  Gross  Point,  five  miles 
northwest  of  Evanston,  the  father  there 
resumed  his  vocation  as  a  farmer.  The 
opportunities  then  afforded  for  acquiring 
an  education  in  that  locality  were  extremely 
meager,  and  his  mother  having  died  when 
he  was  seven  years  old,  the  son  Andrew 
assisted  his  father  in  supporting  the  family 
until  he  was  fourteen  years  of  age,  when  he 
came  to  Evanston,  and  there  engaged  in 
working  wherever  he  could  find  employ- 
ment. In  this  he  was  so  successful  that  he 
soon  after  purchased  an  express  wagon,  and 
still  later  a  carriage,  which  he  used  for  some 
time  for  the  accommodation  of  passengers 
arriving  or  departing  by  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  trains.  On  January  i,  1873, 
he  entered  into  partnership  with  Earl  S. 
Powers  in  the  livery  business,  the  concern 
becoming  the  well-known  firm  of  Powers  & 
Schwall.  Mr.  Powers  having  died  in 
August  1891,  Mr.  Schwall  purchased 
his  deceased  partner's  interest,  thus 
becoming  sole  proprietor  of  the  estab- 
lishment, which  he  conducted  success- 
fully for  the  remainder  of  his  life. 

On  November  23,  1881,  Mr.  Schwall  was 
married  at  No.  1505  Ashland  Avenue,  in 
Evanston,  to  Lydia  J.  Kinder,  who  was  born 
May  31,  1856,  near  the  village  of  Des 
Plaines  in  the  Town  of  Maine,  Cook  Coun- 
ty, the  youngest  daughter  of  Edwin  and 
Mary  Kinder,  who  came  from  Yorkshire, 
England,  in  1842.  Airs.  Schwall's  mother 
died  October  3,  itj03.  at  the  age  of  eighty- 
four  years,  while  the  father  is  still  living 
about  the  same  age.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Schwall 
had  three  children :  Myrtle  Lavinia,  born 
December  15,  1882;  ]\Iartha  Marion,  born 
August  ir,  1885.  and  Rowland  Rieden,  born 
January  10.  1891.  The  older  daughter. 
Myrtle,  was  married  September  7,  1904,  to 
John  G.  Seyfried,  of  Oak  Park,  111.     The 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON. 


539 


two  other  children  still  reside  with  their 
mother  at  1423  Benson  Avenue,  Evanston. 
Mr.  Schwall  was  admitted  to  the  Ma- 
sonic fraternity  as  a  member  of  the  Evan- 
ston Lodge,  May  9,  1870,  in  which  he  took 
the  third  degree,  March  26,  1871,  and  on 
June  4,  1878,  became  a  member  of  ApoHo 
Commandery,  Knights  Templar.  While 
not  a  member  of  any  church,  he  was  a  lover 
of  the  highest  order  of  personal  integrity, 
adopting  as  his  motto,  "Let  not  thy  left 
hand  know  what  thy  right  hand  doeth." 
His  political  affiliations  were  with  the  Re- 
publican party.  As  the  result  of  a  stroke 
of  paralysis  which  he  had  suffered  on  May 
28,  1901,  his  decease  occurred  at  his  home 
in  Evanston,  December  19,  1901,  and  he  was 
buried  in  Rose  Hill  Cemetery  on  the  23rd 
of  that  month.  He  was  a  kind  and  loving 
husband  and  father,  and  his  taking  away 
was  deeply  lamented  by  a  large  circle  of 
appreciative  friends,  especially  by  the  poor 
of  his  locality  who  had  been  indebted  to  him 
for  many  favors. 


JOSEPH   McGEE   LYONS. 

Joseph  McGee  Lyons,  retired  banker,  and 
a  resident  of  Evanston,  111.,  for  more  than 
forty-two  years,  was  born  in  Coleraine, 
Franklin  County,  Mass.,  August  6,  1835, 
and  is  a  son  of  Lucius  and  Jane  Ross  (Mc- 
Gee) Lyons.  His  father,  who  was  by  oc- 
cupation a  cabinet-maker,  was  born  in  1803. 
The  Lyons'  family  is  of  French  extraction, 
and  the  ancestors  of  Joseph  M.  Lyons  went 
to  England  with  William  of  Normandy  in 
the  year  1000.  In  1640  his  more  immediate 
ancestors  came  to  America  and  settled  at 
Roxbury,  Mass.  Mr.  Lyons'  grandfather, 
Jesse  Lyons,  was  born  in  Roxbury,  May 
18,  1767,  and  moved  to  Coleraine  while 
still  a  young  man.  The  great-grandfather, 
was  one  of  the  famous  Boston  "Tea  Partv." 


The  house  built  by  Jesse  Lyons  still  stands, 
and  is  among  the  oldest  houses  in  Cole- 
raine. 

Joseph  McGee  Lyons  received  his  early 
mental  training  in  the  common  schools, 
in  Coleraine,  and  the  academy  at  Shelburne 
Falls,  Mass.  When  nineteen  years  of  age, 
he  went  West  and  obtained  employment  in 
a  bank  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  There  he  re- 
mained five  years,  serving  the  last  as  cashier 
of  the  bank.  During  that  year  his  father 
died,  and  he  returned  home  to  settle  up  the 
estate.  After  remaining  at  home  for  two 
years,  he  came  to  Chicago  in  1861  and  es- 
tablished a  banking  and  brokerage  business, 
which  he  conducted  for  ten  years.  In  1864 
he  moved  to  Evanston,  where  he  has  since 
resided.  After  retiring  from  the  banking 
business  Mr.  Lyons  established  a  brick  man- 
ufacturing plant  in  Evanston,  which  he 
operated  until  1873,  when  he  disposed  of  it. 

When  Mr.  Lyons  came  to  Evanston  in 
1864  he  purchased  a  tract  of  twenty  acres 
of  land  just  west  of  Ridge  Avenue.  In 
1870,  in  connection  with  Gilbert  &  Wood- 
ford, who  owned  the  twenty  acres  adjoining 
he  platted,  improved  and  sold  this  ground, 
which  became  known  as  the  Lyons,  Gilbert 
&  Woodford  Addition  to  Evanston.  In 
1865,  Mr.  Lyons  bought  twenty  acres  more 
lying  west  of  his  former  purchase,  which  he 
used  for  the  manufacture  of  brick.  This 
he  sold  in  1873  to  Merrill  Ladd,  who  sub- 
sequently platted  it  as  an  addition  to  the 
City  of  Evanston.  One  of  the  streets  of 
Evanston  is  named  for  Mr.  Lyons,  and  a 
building  erected  by  him  bears  his  name 
—"Lyons'  Hall." 

Mr.  Lyons  was  married  at  Groton,  Mass., 
on  November  24,  1859,  to  Mary  Helen  Far- 
mer, and  three  children  were  the  issue  of  this 
union,  all  of  whom  died  in  infancy.  Po- 
litically, Mr.  Lyons  is  a  Republican.  He 
cast  his  first  vote  for  John  C.  Fremont,  and 
has  voted   for  every   Republican  candidate 


540 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


for  the  presidency  since  that  day.  During 
the  four  years  from  1876  to  1880,  he  was 
engaged  in  the  office  of  the  County  Treas- 
urer of  Cook  County.  Prior  to  1880  he 
served  one  year  as  Town  Assessor,  and 
with  the  exception  of  a  year's  interval,  has 
filled  this  office  continuously  up  to  the  pres- 
ent time.  He  was  formerly  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Village  Trustees. 

Mr.  Lyons  is  the  "Nestor"  of  Evans 
Lodge  No.  524,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  In  1857 
he  joined  Woodward  Lodge,  No.  149,  I.  O. 
O.  F.,  in  Cincinnati,  and  was  affiliated  with 
that  order  for  some  time  after  coming  to 
Evanston,  but  relinquished  his  membership 
on  account  of  the  pressure  of  other  duties. 
He  is  a  member  of  St.  Mark's  Episcopal 
Church. 


HENRY  LEONIDAS  BOLTWOOD. 

Henry  L.  Boltwood  (deceased  educa- 
tor) was  born  at  Amherst,  Mass.,  Janu- 
ary 17,  1831,  the  son  of  William  and 
Electa  (Stetson)  Boltwood,  both  of  whom 
were  natives  of  Massachusetts,  the  former 
born  at  Amherst,  July  3,  1802,  and  the 
latter  at  Abingdon,  same  State,  April  7, 
1808.  His  ancestors  had  been  New  Eng- 
land farmers  for  eight  generations,  which 
was  the  vocation  of  the  father,  and  in 
which  the  son  gave  assistance  during  his 
boyhood  and  youth.  Several  of  the  fam- 
ily were  killed  during  the  Indian  wars  in 
New  England,  and  Mr.  Boltwood's  great 
grandfather  was  an  officer  in  the  Provin- 
cial wars.  His  maternal  grandfather 
moved  from  Abingdon,  Mass.,  his  moth- 
er's birthplace,  in  1812.  The  father  was 
a  man  of  reserved  temperament,  well-in- 
formed and  suffered  from  lameness  most 
of  his  life.  The  mother  died  at  Ottawa, 
Kan.,  a  few  years  ago,  aged  nearly  nine- 
ty-two years.   Of  their  eleven  children,  of 


whom  Henry  L.  was  the  third,  nine  grew 
to  maturity  and  six  were  living  in  1905, 
previous  to  the  death  of  the  subject  of 
this  sketch.  Lucius  Boltwood,  an  uncle 
of  Henry  L.,  was  the  first  candidate  for 
Governor  of  Massachusetts  on  the  old 
Abolition  ticket  in  1840,  and  a  brother. 
Captain  Edmund  Boltwood,  of  Ottawa, 
Kan.,  served  as  a  soldier  for  four  and  a 
half  years  in  the  Civil  War,  and  was  a 
Captain  of  the  Twentieth  Kansas  Vol- 
unteers in  the  Philippines  during  the 
Spanish-American  War,  while  still  an- 
other brother  (now  deceased)  was  an  en- 
gineer in  the  Government  service  during 
the   Civil  War. 

Brought  up  on  a  farm  in  his  early  boy- 
hood, Mr.  Boltwood  had  the  opportunity 
of  only  three  months'  attendance  each 
year  at  the  district  schools,  but  between 
the  ages  of  nine  and  fifteen,  residing  with- 
in a  mile  of  Amherst  Academy  and  Col- 
lege, he  was  naturally  inspired  with  a 
desire  for  a  higher  education,  although 
the  family  means  did  not  permit  its  grati- 
fication. Through  the  influence  of  the 
Principal  of  the  Academy  which  he  first 
attended,  his  father  was  induced  to  grant 
him  his  time,  except  such  help  as  he  could 
give  on  the  farm  during  vacation,  or  out 
of  school  hours.  He  obtained  his  board, 
washing  and  fuel  at  home  during  this 
period,  but  no  other  compensation  for  his 
labor.  He  thus  worked  his  way  through 
the  Academy  for  three  years,  and  for  four 
years  in  college,  graduating  from  the  lat- 
ter in  1853.  This  he  was  able  to  do  with- 
out losing  his  rank  in  his  class.  A  vora- 
cious reader  and  having  access  to  the  col- 
lege library  through  the  favor  of  student 
friends,  he  took  a  high  rank  in  college, 
though  often  compelled  to  be  absent  to 
earn  money  by  teaching  or  otherwise  to 
pay  expenses.  During  this  period  he 
taught    every    winter,    at   first  receiving 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


541 


only  four  dollars  per  week  while  board- 
ing "round.  His  tastes  were  for  the 
languages  and  literature,  and  he  also  be- 
came quite  an  expert  in  botany  and  chem- 
istry. 

After  graduation  in  1853,  Mr.  Boltwood 
took  charge  of  an  academy  at  Limerick, 
Maine,  but  six  months  later  accepted  the 
principalship  of  a  high  school  at  Palmer, 
Mass.,  where  he  remained  one  year,  when 
he  assumed  charge  of  the  Blanchard 
Academy  at  Pembroke,  N.  H.,  remaining 
there  two  years.  In  1857  he  went  to  Der- 
ry,  N.  H.,  and  there  had  charge  of  the 
Pinkerton  Academy  for  four  and  a  half 
years,  when  he  succeeded  to  the  prin- 
cipalship of  the  high  school  at  Law- 
rence. Mass..  a  little  more  than  a 
year  later  accepting  a  business  po- 
sition as  photographic  chemist  in  New 
York  City.  Starting  out  with  the  in- 
tention of  entering  the  ministry,  he  had 
by  this  time  become  deeply  interested 
in  educational  work,  although  in  the 
meanwhile  doing  much  missionary  and 
pastoral  work  in  feeble  and  destitute' 
churches,  but  without  having  taken  a 
course  in  theology.  For  one  year  (1859) 
he  also  served  as  School  Commissioner  of 
Rockingham  County.  X.  H. 

On  April  I,  1864,  he  entered  into  the 
service  of  the  Lhiited  States  Sanitary 
Commission  in  the  Department  of  the 
Gulf,  remaining  until  June.  1865,  and 
being  present  at  the  capture  of  Fort  Hlake- 
ley  near  Mobile,  which  was  the  last  bat- 
tle of  the  war.  occurring  on  the  day  of 
Lee's  surrender  at  Appomattox.  During 
this  period  he  served  for  a  time  as  Chap- 
lain of  the  Sixty-seventh  United  States 
Colored  Infantry,  but  was  never  formally 
mustered  in. 

After  returning  from  the  army.  Mr. 
Boltwood  came  to  Illinois  and  was  soon 
after    appointed    School     Superintendent 


and  Principal  of  the  High  School  at 
Griggsville,  Pike  County,  remaining  there 
two  years  (1865-67).  During  the  latter 
year  he  removed  to  Princeton,  Bureau 
County,  and  there  organized  the  first 
Township  High  School  in  the  State, 
which  proved  a  success,  and  in  connec- 
tion with  which  he  remained  eleven  years, 
when  (1878)  he  went  to  Ottawa,  La  Salle 
County,  and  organized  a  similar  school 
there.  Five  years  later  (1883)  he  came 
to  Evanston,  there  organized  his  third 
Township  High  School,  of  which  he  con- 
tinued to  be  Principal  for  the  remainder 
of  his  life — a  period  of  over  twenty-two 
years.  He  has  been  widely  recognized  as 
the  father  of  the  township  high  school 
system,  with  which  he  was  continuously 
connected  for  nearly  forty  years,  and 
for  a  longer  period  than  any  other  teacher 
in  the  State.  In  all,  his  experience  as  a 
teacher,  both  East  and  West,  covered  a 
period  of  nearly  fifty-three  years.  In- 
cidentally, during  his  teaching  service. 
Prof.  Boltwood  did  much  outside  work 
as  a  teacher  and  lecturer  in  Teachers'  In- 
stitutes in  New  Hampshire.  Massachu- 
setts, Iowa  and  Illinois.  In  1876  he  was 
appointed  a  member  of  the  Illinois  State 
Board  of  Education,  serving  eight  years, 
and  was  elected  President  of  the  State 
Teachers'  Association  for  the  year  1891. 
He  was  never  a  candidate  for  political  of- 
fice, though  once  proposed  for  the  nomi- 
nation for  State  Superintendent  of  Public 
Instruction. 

While  in  college.  Professor  Boltwood 
was  a  member  of  the  Alpha  Delta  Phi 
fraternity,  and  became  a  charter  member 
of  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society  at  Am- 
herst ;  was  also  identified  with  most  of 
the  great  religious  organizations  of  the 
Congregational  Church,  of  which  he  be- 
came a  member  in  his  college  days,  in  his 
religious  faith  following  in  the  footsteps 


542 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


of  his  parents.  He  was  also  connected 
with  the  Tariff  Reform  and  Anti-Cigar- 
ette Leagues  of  Evanston,  and  various 
benevolent,  literary  and  historical  socie- 
ties. Educated  as  a  Whig  and  a  protec- 
tionist, he  was  active  at  an  early  day  in 
his  support  of  the  principles  of  the  Re- 
publican party.  The  opportunity  of  see- 
ing the  condition  of  the  factory  operatives 
during  his  residence  in  Lawrence,  Mass., 
led  to  a  change  in  his  views  on  the  sub- 
ject of  protection,  and  he  became  a  strong 
advocate  of  tariff  reform  and  an  "inde- 
pendent" in  politics,  as  well  as  an  earnest 
opponent  of  all  classes  of  monopolies. 

Beginning  with  his  college  days.  Prof. 
Boltwood  manifested  a  strong  fondness 
for  athletics,  and  was  one  of  the  best 
long-distance  runners  in  college,  often 
walking  a  distance  of  twenty  miles  or 
more.  He  kept  up  his  practice  in  base- 
ball and  football  until  forty-five  years  of 
age,  and  was  fond  of  hunting,  fishing  and 
forest  life.  His  favorite  sciences  were 
chemistry  and  botany,  and  he  was  also  an 
enthusiastic  student  of  the  languages,  be- 
sides his  vernacular  and  the  classics,  hav- 
ing gained  a  fairly  intimate  acquaintance 
with  German,  French,  Italian,  Spanish 
and  Portuguese,  besides  some  knowledge 
of  Bohemian.  He  was  also  the  author  of 
an  English  Grammar,  several  readers,  two 
spellers,  a  "Topical  Outline  of  General 
History."  besides  many  articles  on  educa- 
tional topics.  He  was  deeply  interested 
in  labor  issues  and,  in  1889,  delivered  an 
address  on  Tariff  Reform  which  attracted 
much   attention  and   was  widely   quoted. 

On  June  17.  1904,  after  completing  fifty 
years  of  actual  school  work.  Professor 
Boltwood  was  tendered  a  public  recep- 
tion by  the  Evanston  Township  High 
School  Board,  which  was  attended  by 
several  hundred  of  his  friends  and  former 
pupils.     Near  the  close  of  the  exercises 


he  was  presented  by  President  George  P. 
^lerrick  with  a  purse  containing  fifty  ten- 
dollar  gold  pieces,  and  still  later  the 
alumni  of  the  school  presented  him  with 
a  beautiful  silver  loving-cup.  In  the  fifty- 
odd  years  of  his  school  experience  he  had 
never  lost  a  day  on  account  of  illness  until 
within  the  last  three  or  four  years  of 
his  life.  While  connected  with  public 
school  work,  he  received  several  invita- 
tions to  accept  positions  in  connection 
with  colleges,  but,  being  devoted  to  the 
work  in  which  he  was  already  engaged, 
invariably  declined.  Of  some  6,000 
pupils  who  came  under  his  instruction, 
nearly  one  thousand  have  entered  over 
forty  different  colleges,  professional  or 
technical  schools,  scattered  over  the 
world.  These  have  included  foreign  mis- 
sionaries, regular  officers.  professors, 
doctors,  lawyers,  financiers,  railroad  of- 
ficials, eminent  teachers  and  a  host  of 
prominent  business  men  and  refined  and 
useful  women. 

Professor  Boltwood  was  married  at 
Charlemont,  Mass.,  July  31.  1835,  to 
Helen  Eugenia  Field,  born  in  that  city, 
June  18  1830,  the  daughter  of  Eugene 
and  Abigail  (Hawkes)  Field,  and  grand- 
daughter of  Joseph  Field,  who  was  a  pas- 
tor of  the  Congregational  Church  at  Char- 
lemont for  many  years,  later  becoming  a 
Unitarian,  and  who  lived  to  be  ninety- 
four  years  of  age.  An  uncle.  Dr.  Joseph 
Field,  was  with  Fanning's  command 
which  were  the  victims  of  a  brutal  massa- 
cre at  the  hands  of  the  Mexicans,  at  Go- 
liad, Texas,  during  the  war  for  Texan  in- 
dependence, but  was  spared  by  the  victors 
to  care  for  their  wounded,  finally  escap- 
ing after  a  season  of  great  peril  and  hard- 
ship. Professor  and  Mrs.  Boltwood  had 
one  son,  who  was  born  at  Pembroke,  N. 
H.,  April  28,  1856,  graduated  from  Am- 
herst College  in  1881,  and  died  of  di])h- 


II 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


542 


theria  at  Peoria,  111.,  unmarried,  Decem- 
ber 27,,  1884.  Professor  Boltvvood  died  at 
his  home  in  the  city  of  Evanston,  Janu- 
ary 23,  1906,  deeply  lamented  by  a  large 
circle  of  appreciative  and  admiring 
friends.  His  widow,  Mrs.  Helen  E.  Bolt- 
wood,  still  survives. 


WILLIAM  LISTON  BROWN. 

William  Listen  Brown,  a  longtime  resi- 
dent of  Chicago  and  Evanston,  Cook 
County,  111.,  the  record  of  whose  career,  as 
herein  contained,  speaks  with  no  uncertain 
sound,  was  born  in  St.  Joseph,  Mich.,  Aug- 
ust 23,  1842.  He  is  a  son  of  Hiram  and 
Jane  Reese  (Liston)  Brown,  the  former 
born  in  Locke,  N.  Y.,  June  15,  1804;  and  the 
latter,  born  in  Columbia,  Pa.,  June  15,  1810, 
and  a  member  of  a  Quaker  family  who  set- 
tled in  Michigan  in  1830.  The  paternal 
grandfather.  Liberty  Brown,  recruited  a 
company  of  troops  in  Western  New  York 
during  the  War  of  1812,  which  he  led  to 
Fort  Niagara.  Hiram  Brown  first  em- 
barked in  business  in  Rochester,  N.  Y., 
whence,  in  1834,  he  removed  to  Michigan, 
locating  in  St.  Joseph.  There  he  remained 
until  1848,  when  he  removed  to  Chicago, 
and  for  several  years  operated  a  line  of 
boats  on  the  Illinois  and  Alichigan  Canal, 
returning  to  St.  Joseph  in  1861.  He  died 
August  17,  1883.  his  wife  passing  away 
July  7,  1854. 

Mr.  Brown  passed  his  early  youth  in 
Chicago  in  the  manner  customary  for  most 
boys  in  a  large  and  growing  village,  such  as 
Chicago  was  at  that  time.  He  was  thor- 
oughly familiar  with  all  the  streets  and 
points  of  interest,  and  was  ever  on  the  alert 
for  new  and  notable  features.  An  intent 
observer,  his  watchful  eyes  left  no  occur- 
rence unnoticed  in  the  successive  stage  of 
development  which  the  future  metropolis  of 


the  West  was  undergoing.  His  education 
was  mainly  obtained  in  public  and  private 
schools  in  Chicago,  and  he  completed  his 
educational  training  in  what  was  known  as 
the  Garden  City  Academy.  After  finishing 
the  course  of  study  there,  he  was  employed 
as  a  clerk,  and  afterwards  as  bookkeeper,  in 
a  grain  commission  house,  continuing  in  this 
position  from  1857  until  1862.  In  July  of 
the  latter  year.  Mr.  Brown  enlisted  as  a  pri- 
vate in  the  Chicago  Mercantile  Battery, 
Light  Artillery,  and  actively  praticipated  in 
all  of  its  field  activities,  serving  with  it  in 
Tennessee,  at  the  sieges  of  Vicksburg  and 
Jackson,  Miss.,  and  later  in  the  campaigns 
in  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Arkansas  and 
Texas.  During  the  entire  period  of  his 
enlistment  he  was  continually  in  active  serv- 
ice. He  was  mustered  out  as  Quarter- 
master's Sergeant  in  July,  1865.  On  re- 
turning home  he  became  connected  with  the 
iron  business  in  the  capacity  of  a  clerk,  and, 
in  1870,  was  admitted  to  the  enterprise  as 
partner.  In  1883  he  reorganized  the  con- 
cern as  Pickands,  Brown  &  Co.,  which  is  its 
present  designation.  He  also  organized  the 
Chicago  Ship  Building  Company  in  1890. 
He  devotes  his  attention  largely  to  the 
manufacture  of  pig-iron,  iron  ore  mining, 
and  ship-building,  and  has  developed  these 
industries  in  Chicago  and  the  Northwest  to 
extensive  proportions. 

In  addition  to  his  duties  as  President  and 
member  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  Pick- 
ands, Brown  &  Co.,  Mr.  Brown  sustains 
numerous  other  important  commercial  and 
financial  relations,  as  follows :  as  member, 
and  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  American  Ship  Building  Company. ; 
Director  of  the  Bay  City  Ship  Building 
Company :  President  and  Director  of  the 
Calumet  Transit  Company ;  President  and 
Director  of  the  Chicago  Ship  Building  Coitl- 
pany :  Director  of  the  Dental  Protective 
Supply  Company  of  the  United  States ;  Di- 


544 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


rector  of  the  Detroit  Ship  Building  Com- 
pany ;  President  and  Director  of  the  Fed- 
eral Furnace  Company ;  Vice-President  and 
Director  of  the  Federal  Steamship  Com- 
pany; Director  of  the  First  National  Bank 
of  Chicago ;  Director  of  the  First  Trust  and 
Saving  Bank  of  Chicago ;  Director  of  the 
Interlake  Company ;  Director  of  the  Inter- 
national Steamship  Company ;  Vice-Presi- 
dent and  Director  of  the  Manitou  Steam- 
ship Company ;  Director  of  the  Milwaukee 
Dry  Dock  Company :  Director  of  the  Na- 
tional Safe  Deposit  Company :  Director  of 
the  Sea  &  Lake  Insurance  Company ;  Presi- 
dent and  Director  of  the  South  Chicago 
Furnace  Company ;  Director  of  the  Supe- 
rior Ship  Building  Company :  and  Director 
of  the  Zenith  Furnace  Company.  Mr. 
Brown  is  also  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  Northwestern  L'niversity,  and  a 
member  and  Trustee  of  the  Chicago 
(Thomas)  Orchestral  Association. 

On  September  27,  1871,  Mr.  Brown  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Catherine  Seymour, 
of  Smithville.  N.  Y.,  a  daughter  of  Dr. 
Stephen  and  Harriet  (Weeks)  Seymour, 
natives  of  New  York  and  \'ermont.  Dr. 
Seymour  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Hahnemann  Medical  College,  of  Chicago, 
and  was  a  physician  of  high  standing  dur- 
ing his  life  in  that  city.  The  attractive  and 
hospitable  residence  of  Mr.  and  I\Irs.  Brown 
is  situated  at  No.  217  Dempster  Street,  Ev- 
anston.  While  the  tastes  and  inclinations  of 
Mr.  Brown  are  strongly  domestic,  he  is  fond 
of  outdoor  recreation,  and  takes  pleasure  in 
occasional  travel,  having  visited  almost  ev- 
ery point  of  interest  in  his  own  country, 
and  made  several  tours  in  foreign  lands. 
Socially  he  is  a  member  of  the  Chicago, 
Mid-Day,  Commercial,  Glen  View,  Onwent- 
sia,  and  Evanston  Country  clubs :  the  Ket- 
chi-Gammi,  of  Duluth,  Minn. :  the  Union  & 
Tavern  Clubs  of  Cleveland,  O. ;  the  Casta- 


lia  Fishing  Club ;  the  Point  IMoullie  Shoot- 
ing Club ;  and  the  Tolleston  Club. 

In  politics  Mr.  Brown  has  always  been  a 
pronounced  and  unswerving  Republican,  al- 
though never  an  aspirant  for  political  pre- 
ferment. His  religious  connection  is  with 
the  Chicago  Society  of  the  New  Jerusalem 
(  Swedenborgian)  Church.  Fraternally  he 
is  identified  with  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Re- 
public, and  with  the  Ancient  (Jrder  of 
Free  and  Accepted  Masons,  in  which  he 
is  a  Blue-Lodge  member,  although  not  at 
present  actively  affiliated  with  any  lodge. 
Mr.  Brown  is  one  of  the  most  prominent 
characters  in  the  industrial,  commercial  and 
financial    circles   of   the   \\'est. 


ARTHUR  W.  LITTLE,  D.  D.,  L.  H.  D. 

Arthur    W.    Little,    D.    D..    L.    H.   D., 
Episcopal    clergyman,    Evanston,    111.,    was 
born     in     lirooklyn,     N.     Y.,     October    6, 
1856,    the   son    of    William    H.    and    Caro- 
line  F.    (Cobb)    Little.     The   father  was 
a  native  of  Castine,  Maine,  born  in  1806, 
and  a  merchant,    manufacturer  and  bank- 
er by  occupation,    while  the  mother  was 
born  in  Gouldsborough,    Maine,    in  1823, 
Both   parents  were  people  of  education, 
refinement  and  personal  piety.     The  son 
acquired    his    education    in    Dr.    Pingry's 
school   at    Elizabeth,    N.    J.:    Knox   Col- 
lege,   Galesburg,    111.,    and    the   General 
Theological    Seminary,    New   York.       In 
1881   he  was  ordained  to  the  priesthood, 
and,  during  the  same  year,  became  rector 
of  St.  Paul's  Church  at  Portland,  Maine, 
where  he  remained   until    i888,  when  he 
removed  to  Evanston,  111.,  becoming  rec- 
tor  of   St.    Mark's    Episcopal    Church   of 
that    city,   where    he    has    remained    ever 
since,  at  the  present  time  being  the  long- 
est   settled    pastor    connected     with    any 
church  in  Evanston. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


545 


The  most  notable  work  accomplished 
by  Dr.  Little  since  coming  to  Evanston 
has  been  the  erection  of  a  beautiful 
church  edifice  and  parish-house  and  the 
building  up  of  a  prosperous  parish,  which 
has  been  attended  by  good  work  for  the 
souls  and  bodies  of  his  parishioners  and 
others  who  have  come  under  his  influ- 
ence. He  has  been  a  member  of  Standing 
Committees  of  the  Dioceses  of  both 
Maine  and  Chicago,  has  represented  both 
in  the  General  Convention  of  the  Episco- 
pal Church,  and  has  been  a  lecturer  on 
Ecclesiastical  History  in  the  \\'estern 
Theological  Seminary  of  the  Episcopal 
Church  in  Chicago.  He  has  also  been, 
for  many  years,  Examining  Chaplain  to 
the  Bishop  of  Chicago  Diocese.  His  fra- 
ternal relations  are  with  the  Phi  Delta 
Theta  Society,  Sons  of  the  Revolution, 
Masonic  Fraternity,  and  the  University 
Club  of  Chicago.  In  politics  he  is  a  Re- 
publican. 

In  1889  Dr.  Little  was  married,  in  the 
city  of  New  York,  to  Caroline  Ferris, 
who  was  a  native  of  Portland,  Maine.  In 
his  religious  and  professional  relations 
he  is  recognized  as  a  hard-working  par- 
ish-priest and  eloquent  preacher,  a  man 
of  wide  culture  and  scholarship  and  a 
successful  writer.  His  principal  publica- 
tions are :  "Reasons  for  Being  a  Church- 
man," which  has  passed  through  several 
editions  and  is  recognized  as  a  standard 
authority  for  the  Anglican  Church ;  "The 
Times  and  Teaching  of  John  Wesley ;" 
"The  Intellectual  Life  of  the  Priest;" 
"The  Character  of  Washington ;"  "The 
Maintenance  and  the  Propagation  of  the 
Church  Idea ;"  etc.  Socially  he  is  genial 
and  witty,  and  much  in  demand  as  an 
after-dinner  speaker. 


MILTON  S.  TERRY,  A.  M.,  D.  D.,  LL.  D. 

Milton  Spenser  Terry,  A.  M.,  D.  D., 
LL.  D.,  who  has  held  a  professorship 
in  the  Garrett  Biblical  Institute,  at  Evans- 
ton,  111.,  for  more  than  twenty  years,  and 
is  a  widely  known  minister  of  the  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  Church,  was  born  in  Coey- 
mans,  Albany  County,  N.  Y.,  on  Febru- 
ary 22,  1840.  the  youngest  son  of  Johiv 
and  Elizabeth  (McLoen)  Terry,  of  whom 
the  former  was  born  at  Swansea,  R.  I., 
March  13,  1786,  and  the  latter  in  New 
York  City,  on  April  15,  1796.  The  oc- 
cupation of  John  Terry  was  that  of  a 
farmer,  in  which  he  met  with  reasonable 
success.  In  1794,  he  moved  from  Swan- 
sea, R.  I.,  to  Coeymans,  N.  Y.,  together 
with  his  father,  Philip  Terry,  and  his 
grandfather,  George  Terry.  The  family  is 
of  English  origin,  and  some  of  Dr.  Terry's 
ancestors  settled  at  an  early  period  in  the 
New  England  colonies. 

Milton  S.  Terry  spent  his  early  youth 
on  the  paternal  farm,  and,  as  a  boy,  was 
inclined  to  be  studious  and  to  make  dili- 
gent use  of  his  opportunities  for  mental 
instruction.  He  obtained  the  rudiments 
of  an  education  in  the  public  schools  of 
his  native  place,  and  afterwards  pursued 
a  course  of  study  at  Charlotteville  Semi- 
nary, in  New  York,  and  a  theological 
course  in  the  Divinity  School  of  Yale  Col- 
lege. After  graduating  from  the  latter 
institution,  he  entered  the  ministry  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  having 
pastoral  charges  at  Hancock,  N.  Y.,  and  at 
Hamden,  Delhi,  Peekskill,  Poughkeepsie, 
Kingston  and  New  York  City,  in  succes- 
sion. From  1879  to  18S3,  Tie  was  the 
Presiding  Elder  of  the  New  York  District 
of  the  New  York  Conference,  and  since 
1884  he  has  occupied  the  position  of 
Professor  in  the  Garrett  Biblical  Institute 
at  Evanston. 


546 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


On  May  15,  1864,  Dr.  Terry  was  united 
in  marriage  at  Delhi,  N.  Y.,  with  Frances 
Orline  Atchinson,  who  was  born  at  Ham- 
den,  N.  Y.,  on  October  i,  1841.  Her 
ancestors  were  of  New  England  origin, 
and  made  their  home  in  Schoharie  Coun- 
ty, N.  Y.,  at  an  early  day.  Of  this  union 
there  are  two  children,  namely :  Minnie 
Ruth,  born  in  1870,  and  Arthur  Guy, 
born   in    1878. 

Politically  Dr.  Terry  has  been  a  sup- 
porter of  the  Republican  party  since  1864, 
when  he  voted  for  Abraham  Lincoln, 
whose  election  to  the  Presidency  he  ad- 
vocated in  public  speeches.  Dr.  Terry  is 
a  clear,  forceful  and  convincing  preacher, 
a  highly  efficient  instructor,  and  a  bibli- 
cal scholar  of  profound  research.  His  at- 
tainments as  a  theologian  are  recognized 
throughout  his  denomination  and  in  other 
evangelical  fields,  and  he  is  the  author  of 
a  number  of  widely  read  books.  Among 
these  are  volumes  entitled,  "Biblical  Her- 
meneutics,"  "Biblical  Apocalyptics," 
"Biblical  Dogmatics,"  "The  New  Apolo- 
getic," "Moses  and  the  Prophets,"  "The 
New  and  Living  Way,"  "The  Mediation 
of  Jesus  Christ,"  "The  Prophecies  of  Dan- 
iel Expounded,"  "The  Sibylline  Ora- 
cles," "Commentary  on  Genesis  and  Exo- 
dus," "Commentary  on  Judges,  Ruth, 
First  and  Second  Samuel,"  "Commentary 
on  Kings,  Chronicles,  Ezra,  Nehemiah 
and  Esther,"  and  "Rambles  in  the  Old 
World."  Dr.  Terry  has  been  a  most  ob- 
servant traveler  in  foreign  lands,  and 
has  made  good  use,  in  his  ministerial  and 
institutional  work,  of  the  experience  thus 
gained. 


STEPHEN  JOSEPH  HERBEN. 

Rev.  Stephen  Joseph  Herben,  Litt.  D., 
D.  D.,  of  Evanston,  111.,  editor  of  the 
"Epworth  Herald,"  was  born  in  London, 
England,    May    11,    1861.  In  boyhood    he 


underwent  his  primary  mental  training  in 
the  public  schools.  After  completing  a 
course  of  study  in  the  Preparatory 
School  of  Northwestern  University,  in 
1885  he  entered  the  College  of  Liberal 
Arts  of  that  Institution,  from  which  he 
was  graduated  in  1889,  with  the  degree 
of  A.  B.  He  then  became  a  student  in 
the  Garrett  Biblical  Institute,  graduating 
therefrom  in  1891,  with  the  degree  of  B. 
D.  During  his  preparatory  course,  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Philomathia  So- 
ciety, and  in  college,  a  member  of  the 
Hinnian  Literary  Society  and  the  Phi 
Kappa  Psi  Fraternity,  and  was  President 
of  the  Twentieth  Century  Club.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Frater- 
nity. He  was  a  successful  contestant  for 
the  Marcy  Botany  Prize,  the  Hinman  Es- 
say Prize,  and  the  Sheppard  Political 
Economy  Prize.  He  competed  in  the  Kirk 
Oratorical  Contest,  and  was  on  the  edi- 
torial staff  of  the  "Syllabus." 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  joined  the 
Rock  River  Conference  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  in  1889.  From  1890  to 
1895,  he  was  assistant  editor  of  "The  Ep- 
worth Herald,"  and  from  1895  until  1904, 
was  associate  editor  of  "The  New  York 
Christian  Advocate."  In  May,  1904,  at 
the  General  Conference  in  Los  Angeles, 
Cal.,  he  was  elected  editor  of  "The  Ep- 
worth Herald."  Dr.  Herben  was  a  dele- 
gate to  the  Third  Methodist  Ecumenical 
Conference  at  London,  England,  in  1901. 
He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  Litt. 
D.  from  Syracuse  University  in  1897,  and 
that  of  D.  D.  from  Garrett  Biblical  Insti- 
tute in   1904. 

On  May  27,  1891,  Dr.  Herben  was 
united  in  marriage  at  Park  Ridge,  111., 
with  Grace  Ida  Foster,  and  two  children 
have  been  born  to  them,  namely:  George 
Foster,  born  March  17,  1893;  and  Stephen 
Joseph,    born   March   14,    1897. 

Mrs.  Herben  was  born  at  Lanark,  111., 


I 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


547 


September  19,  1864.  In  girlhood,  she  re- 
ceived her  primar}'  education  in  the  pub- 
lic schools,  completed  a  course  in  the 
Northwestern  University  Preparatory 
School  in  1885,  and  in  1889  was  graduated 
from  the  University,  with  the  degree  of 
B.  L.,  and  received  the  degree  of  M.  A. 
from  Allegheny  College  in  1890.  During 
the  undergraduate  period,  she  was  a 
member  of  the  Eugensia  Society ;  the  Al- 
pha Phi  Sorority;  the  Ossoli  Literary 
Society;  and  the  Twentieth  Century 
Club.  From  1889  until  1891,  she  held 
the  position  of  Preceptress  in  Allegheny 
College.  In  October,  1895,  she  was  ap- 
pointed Secretary  of  the  Woman's  For- 
eign Missionary  Society  in  New  York- 
Conference,  and  in  October,  1905,  was 
elected  Home  Secretary  of  Northwestern 
Branch,  W.  F.  M.  S. 


GEORGE   PECK   MERRICK. 

George  P.  Merrick,  attorney-at-law, 
Chicago,  with  residence  in  Evanston,  111., 
was  born  at  Manteno,  Kankakee  County, 
111.,  October  4,  1862,  the  son  of  Dr. 
George  Clinton  and  Mary  Elizabeth 
(Peck)  Merrick,  the  former  born  in 
Franklin,  N.  Y.,  December  11,  1824,  and 
the  latter  in  Troy,  same  State.  The  fath- 
er graduated  at  Rush  Medical  College, 
Chicago,  after  coming  to  Illinois,  and 
practiced  his  profession  at  Manteno  for- 
ty-four years.  Dr.  George  C.  Merrick  re- 
moved with  his  parents  from  their  home 
in  New  York  to  Fremont,  Ohio,  when  he 
was  about  nine  years  of  age,  and  later  to 
Palmyra,  Wis.,  where  he  married  Mary 
E.  Peck  who  was  the  daughter  of  Joel  M. 
and  Amanda  Peck,  the  latter  being  a 
daughter  of  Judge  Purdy  of  Steuben 
County,  N.  Y.  Joel  M.  Peck  removed 
about   1840  to  Wisconsin  and  settled  at 


West  Troy,  Walworth  County,  later  re- 
moving to  Palmyra,  where  he  spent  the 
remainder  of  his  life. 

The  parents  of  Dr.  George  C.  Merrick 
— and  paternal  grandparents  of  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch — were  Sylvester  M.  and 
Mercy  (Loveland)  Merrick,  both  of  old 
Colonial  families  of  Massachusetts. 
Thomas  Merrick,  the  first  of  the  name 
in  America,  came  from  Wales  and  settled 
in  Springfield,  Mass.,  in  1630.  His  de- 
scendants in  direct  line  were:  Joseph, 
James,  Perez,  Sylvester,  George  C.  and 
George  P. — making  the  latter  of  the  sev- 
enth generation  in  America.  James  Mer- 
rick, the  grandson  of  Thomas,  was  a  sol- 
dier and  served  as  a  Lieutenant  in  the 
Continental  army. 

George  P.  Merrick  received  his  ele- 
mentary education  under  private  tutors,' 
after  which  he  entered  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity, graduating  in  the  class  of  1884. 
He  then  began  the  study  of  law  in 
the  office  of  Judge  Elbridge  Hanecy, 
and  two  years  later  (June,  1886)  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar.  In  1889  he  entered  into 
partnership  with  his  preceptor,  but  since 
the  promotion  of  Judge  Hanecy  to  the 
Circuit  Court  bench  in  1893,  has  prac- 
ticed alone. 

Mr.  Merrick  was  married  at  Gales- 
burg,  111.,  January  21,  1885,  to  Miss 
Grace  Thompson,  daughter  of  James  S. 
and  Nancy  (Willitts)  Thompson.  Mrs. 
Merrick  was  born  in  New  Boston,  Mercer 
County,  111.,  and  she  and  her  husband 
are  the  parents  of  three  children,  namely: 
George  Clinton,  born  January  18,  1886; 
Grace  Willitts,  born  October  i,  1896; 
and  Thompson,  born  March  29.  1900. 
George  C,  who  is  a  student  in  Yale  LTni- 
versity,  at  the  close  of  his  freshman  year 
(1906).  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  edi- 
torial board  of  the  "Yale  Daily  News" 
for  the  year  1906-07.  Mr.  George  P.  Mer- 


548 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


rick  attends  the  Methodist  Church  of 
which  his  wife  is  a  member,  and  for  sev- 
eral years  has  been  one  of  the  Trustees  of 
Northwestern  University.  The  profession- 
al, fraternal  and  social  organizations  with 
which  he  is  identified  include :  the  Ameri- 
can, the  Illinois  State  and  the  Chicago  Bar 
Associations  ;  the  Chicago  Law  Institute  ; 
the  University  and  Evanston  Clubs ;  the 
Glen  \'iew  Golf  Club ;  the  Law  Club ;  the 
Knights  Templar  and  subordinate  Ma- 
sonic orders. 


ANSON    MARK. 

Anson  Mark,  manufacturer,  formerly 
of  Chicago,  but  now  a  resident  of  Evanston, 
III,  was  born  at  Annville  Mills,  Dauphin 
County.  Pa..  April  21,  1867,  the  son  of 
Cyrus  and  Rebecca  (Strohm)  Mark.  His 
parents  were  both  natives  of  Lebanon  Coun- 
ty, Pa.,  the  father  born  August  8,  1836,  and 
the  mother  Alarch  ii_,  1840,  the  former 
being  engaged  in  mercantile  business.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  came  to  Chicago  in 
boyhood,  and  was  there  educated  in  the 
public  schools,  after  which  he  was  engaged 
in  the  dry-goods  trade  as  an  employe  of 
James  H.  Walker  &  Company,  wholesale 
dealers,  remaining  with  this  firm  from  Sep- 
tember 4,  1886.  to  July  i;  1890.  On  the  lat- 
ter date  he  became  connected  with  the  Mark 
Manufacturing  Company,  which  had  been 
established  by  his  father  and  a  brother 
in.  1889,  and  with  which  he  is  still 
identified.  At  the  time  Mr.  Mark  entered 
into  the  business,  the  company  employed 
six  men.  It  now  maintains  two  manufact- 
uring plants,  one  at  Evanston  and  another 
at  Zanesville,  Ohio,  employing  twelve  to 
fourteen  hundred  men.  It  is  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  drive-well  points,  ar- 
tesian and  tubular  well  cylinders,  pump 
fi.xtures,   plumbers'  and   steamfitters'   tools. 


wrought  iron  pipe  and  other  products  in 
this  line.  The  general  ofiices  of  the  com- 
pany, formerly  in  the  First  National  Bank 
Building,  Chicago,  are  now  located  in  the 
city  of  Evanston. 

Mr.  Mark  removed  from  Chicago  to 
Evanston  in  May,  1902,  which  continues 
to  be  his  home.  On  September  5, 
1893,  he  was  married  at  Van  Buren, 
Ark.,  to  Allie  Willis  Ribling,  who  was  born 
in  that  place  January  27,  1867,  and  they 
have  two  children :  Geraldine  Rebecca 
Mark,  born  in  Chicago,  September  28, 
1896,  and  Anson  Mark,  Jr.,  born  in  Evans- 
ton, September  9,  1902.  Mr.  Mark's  suc- 
cess as  a  business  man  is  demonstrated  by 
the  phenomenal  growth  of  the  manufac- 
turing enterprise  with  which  he  has  been 
connected  during  the  past  fifteen  years  of 
its  existence. 


AARON  NELSON  YOUNG. 

Aaron  Nelson  Young,  a  grain  merchant 
of  the  Chicago  Board  of  Trade  of  long 
standing,  who  has  been  a  resident  of 
Evanston,  111.,  for  the  past  thirty-five 
years,  was  born  in  Morrison,  111.,  in  1838, 
and  married  at  Sterling,  111.,  to  Anna  M. 
Correll.  He  received  a  common  school 
education  at  Morrison  and  early  em- 
barked in  the  grain  and  lumber  business. 
About  the  time  of  the  great  Chicago  fire 
he  moved  to  Chicago  and  became  a  part- 
ner in  the  firm  of  S.  H.  McCrea  &  Co. ; 
later,  in  1883,  established  the  firm  of 
Young  &  Nichols,  in  which  he  was  active- 
ly interested  until  1903,  when  he  retired 
from  business.  He  has  always  been  deep- 
ly interested  in  the  Evanston  public 
schools,  and  served  in  the  capacity  of 
President  of  the  Evanston  Board  of  Edu- 
cation for  many  years,  during  a  period 
when  they  required  very  able  and  care- 


II 


Jl 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


549 


ful  financial  management.  He  was  Trus- 
tee of  the  Northwestern  University  for 
several  years,  and  has  been  a  Director 
in  many  business  enterprises. 


HOMER     HITCHCOCK    KINGSLEY. 

Prof.  Homer  H.  Kingsley,  educator, 
Evanston,  III.,  was  born  at  Kalamazoo, 
Mich.,  June  9,  1859,  the  son  of  Moses  and 
Clarissa  (Beckley)  Kingsley,  the  father 
born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  March  5,  1810,  and 
the  mother  in  Chautauqua  County,  N.  Y., 
in  1818.  The  occupation  of  his  father 
was  that  of  a  farmer  and,  after  reaching 
the  school  age,  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
attended  the  district  school  five  miles 
west  of  Kalamazoo  until  twelve  years  of 
age,  when  he  spent  six  years  in  the  graded 
schools  of  Kalamazoo,  going  from  his 
home  each  day  a  distance  of  five  miles 
and  graduating  from  the  Kalamazoo  High 
School  in  1877.  Then  entering  the  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan,  he  graduated  there- 
from in  1881,  when  at  once  he  began 
teaching  as  instructor  in  mathematics  in 
the  high  school  at  East  Saginaw,  Mich. 
This  relation  continued  three  years,  when 
IMr.  Kingsley  went  to  Alexandria,  the 
county  seat  of  Douglas  County,  Minn., 
where  he  had  charge  of  the  city  schools 
for  one  year.  He  was  then  recalled  to 
the  University  of  Michigan  as  Instructor 
in  Mathematics,  in  place  of  one  of  the  pro- 
fessors who  was  disabled  by  reason  of 
sickness.  After  remaining  in  connection 
with  the  University  two  years,  in  1886  he 
accepted  the  Superintendency  of  the 
schools  at  Evanston,  111.,  which  he  has 
retained  continuously  to  the  present  time, 
a  period  of  twenty  years.  From  boyhood 
Professor  Kingsley  had  a  strong  predilec- 
tion for  teaching  as  a  profession,  and  his 
success  in  that  line,  during  an  experience 


of  twenty-five  years,  has  demonstrated 
the  accuracy  of  his  judgment.  Undoubt- 
edly one  reason  for  that  success  is  to  be 
found  in  his  enjoyment  of  his  profession 
and  the  enthusiasm  which  he  has  thereby 
been  able  to  impart  to  others.  The  es- 
tmiation  in  which  his  abilities  in  his 
chosen  profession  are  held  is  indicated 
by  the  fact  that,  during  the  summer  of 
1898,  by  special  invitation  he  delivered  a 
course  of  lectures  on  "School  Supervis- 
ion"  at   the    University   of   Chicago. 

Professor  Kingsley  was  married  at 
Hopkinton,  Mass.,  August  18,  1886,  to 
Nellie  Appleton  Fitch,  who  was  born  at 
Peoria.  111.,  October  4,  1862,  and  three 
daughters  have  been  born  of  this  union, 
namely :  Margaret  Appleton,  born  July 
3,  1887;  Katharine  Winslow,  born  June 
18.  1892,  and  Helen  Dewey,  born  Decem- 
ber 3  1895.  In  politics,  although  in  gen- 
eral accord  with  the  principles  of  the 
Republican  party  on  national  issues,  Mr. 
Kingsley  is  inclined  to  vote  independent- 
ly and  for  "the  best  man"  on  questions  of 
a  local  character.  In  this  he  seeks  to  secure 
the   best  interests  of  the  people. 

Aside  from  his  profession  as  a  teacher, 
both  Professor  Kingsle}'  and  his  wife 
have  devoted  some  attention  to  literary 
work,  as  shown  by  the  issue  by  the  former 
in  1901  of  a  volume  entitled  "The  New 
Era  W'ord  Book,"  and  by  the  publication 
in  1900,  from  the  pen  of  the  latter,  of  a 
"History  of  the  Lewis  and  Clark  Expedi- 
tion," and  in  1902  of  the  story  of  "Four 
American   Explorers." 


NEWELL   CLARK   KNIGHT. 

Newell  C.  Knight,  manager  of  the  Bond 
Department  of  the  Royal  Trust  Com- 
pany of  Chicago,  was  born  in  St.  Louis. 
Mo.,  April  25    1862,  the  son  of  Augustus 


55<: 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


and    Fanny     (French)     Knight.     He  re- 
ceived  his   preparatory   education   in   the 
Saint   Louis  pubHc  schools  and  the  aca- 
demic   department    of    Washington  Uni- 
versity, and   graduated    from    Yale   Llni- 
versity  in  1884.    After  graduation,  intend- 
ing to  engage  in  business  as  a  shoe-manu- 
facturer, and  in  order  first  to  learn  it,  he 
entered    the    factory     of     the     Hamilton- 
Brown    Shoe    Company,    working  at  the 
block  and  handling  machines.  Two  years' 
experience   of  ten   hours   a   day   physical 
labor  somewhat  impaired  his  health:  he 
therefore  accepted  a  position  as  Secretary 
of   an    investment    company   at    Wichita, 
Kan.,    but    soon    after    retired    to    engage 
with  his  brother,  Harry   F.,  in  the  same 
line  of  business,  under  the  name  of  The 
Knight  Investment  Company,    dealing  in 
mortgages  and  commercial  paper.      This 
business  was  discontinued  in  1893,  when 
Mr.    Knight    came    to    Chicago,     and    in 
connection    with    Reuben    H.  Donnelley, 
organized   the   firm   of   Knight.   Donnelley 
&  Company.  From  a  small  beginning  this 
firm  became  one  of  the  very  large  stock, 
bond  and  grain  houses  in  Chicago,   being 
members    of    all    the    leading    exchanges. 
Its  failure  in  June.    1905,    resulted  in  its 
dissolution,   and    Mr.    Knight    soon    after 
became  the  ^Manager  of  the  Bond  Depart- 
ment of  the  Royal  Trust  Company. 

A  Cleveland  Democrat  politically,  Mr. 
Knight,  during  the  campaigns  of  1896  and 
1900,  was  an  active  supporter  of  Mc- 
Kinley  and  of  Roosevelt  in  1904.  In  1899 
he  was  elected  President  of  the  Evanston 
'•Four-mile  League"  and  later  served  as 
Chief  of  Police  of  the  City  of  Evanston 
without  pay,  devoting  his  attention  to  the 
strict  enforcement  of  all  the  city  ordi- 
nances, especially  the  law  prohibiting  the 
establishment  of  saloons  within  four  miles 
of  Northwestern  University.  He  kept 
the  town   clean.     Mr.   Knight   was   mar- 


ried in  1886  to  Annie  Louise,  daughter  of 
James  L.  Sloss  of  Saint  Louis.  Five  chil- 
dren have  been  born  to  them :  Augustus, 
Francis  McMaster,  Katharine,  Newell 
Sloss  and  Nancy  Louise.  His  office  is 
with  the  Royal  Trust  Company,  169 
Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  and  his  resi- 
dence is  at  1326  Asbury  Avenue,  Evanston. 


ALBERT   R.  JONES. 

Alijert  R.  Jones,  oil  operator,  residing 
in  Independence,  Kan.,  and  engaged  in 
the  production  of  crude  oil,  was  born  at 
Pekin,  111..  September  14,  1874.  In  boy- 
hood he  attended  public  school,  and  was 
a  pupil  in  the  \'irginia  (111.)  High  School 
in  1891-92.  In  the  latter  year,  he  entered 
the  Northwestern  Academy,  from  which 
he  was  graduated  in  the  fall  of  1895.  He 
then  matriculated  in  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity, graduating  therefrom  with  the 
class  of  1899,  and  receiving  the  degree 
of  B.  S.  From  1899  to  1902,  he  applied 
himself  to  the  study  of  law  in  the  Law 
School  of  Illinois  Wesleyan  University, 
at  Bloomington,  111.,  from  which  he  gradu- 
ated with  the  degree  of  B.  L. 

Mr.  Jones  is  a  member  of  the  Sigma 
Alpha  Epsilon  Fraternity.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  "Deru"  Society,  the  Rog- 
ers Debating  Club,  Young  Men's  Chris- 
tian Association,  and  was  Captain  of  the 
L^niversity  track  team  during  the  seasons 
of  1898  and  1899.  On  June  29,  1904.  at 
Springfield,  111..  Mr.  Jones  was  united  in 
marriage  with  Mabel  Neer.  of  that  city. 


NELSON  LLOYD  STOW. 

Nelson  Lloyd  Stow,  whose  residence 
in  Evanston,  Cook  County,  111.,  covers 
the  period  of  a  generation,  during  which 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


551 


he  has  maintained  a  record  free  from  re- 
proach, was  born  in  New  Haven,  Conn., 
January  8,  1833,  a  son  of  Henry  and  Lydia 
(Goodrich)  Stow,  both  natives  of  Con- 
necticut, where  the  former  was  born  in 
Milford,  December  15,  1804,  and  the  lat- 
ter in  Berlin,  September  9,  1805.  The 
occupation  of  Henry  Stow  was  that  of  a 
manufacturer  of  wheels  and  wheel  ma- 
terial for  vehicles,  in  New  Haven,  and  he 
was  the  first  manufacturer  in  the  United 
States  to  make  these  by  machinery.  He 
was  a  devoted  member  of  the  Baptist 
Church  in  New  Haven,  in  which  he 
served  as  deacon  for  more  than  sixty 
years,  and  he  died  in  that  city  at  the  age 
of  ninety-one  years. 

The  Stow  family  is  descended  in  a  di- 
rect line  from  Lord  Thomas  Stow,  of» 
England,  and  certain  of  the  ancestors  of 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  came  to  this 
country  previous  to  the  Revolutionary 
War,  and  held  superior  rank  in  the  Con- 
tinental Army  during  that  conflict.  A 
fine  monument  in  honor  of  one  of  them 
stands  in  the  cemetery  at  Milford,  Conn., 
erected  by  the  State. 

Nelson  Lloyd  Stow  received  his  early 
mental  instruction  in  the  public  and  high 
schools  of  his  native  State.  He  finished 
his  school  studies  at  the  age  of  sixteen 
years,  and  then  spent  five  years  in  learn- 
ing the  trade  of  carriage  manufacturing. 
On  September  17,  1854,  when  twenty- 
one  years  old,  he  located  in  Chicago  and 
engaged  in  selling  carriage  materials.  He 
was  the  first  dealer  in  such  goods  in  Chi- 
cago and  in  the  West,  none  being  manu- 
factured at  that  time  west  of  New  York. 
In  this  business  Air.  Stow  continued  un- 
til 1880,  when  he  was  engaged  as  man- 
ager of  the  most  extensive  iron  concern  in 
the  city,  and  acted  in  that  capacity  for 
twenty-five  years.     He  became  a  resident 


of  Evanston  in  1873,  and  has  made  his 
home  there  ever  since. 

In  1863,  Mr.  Stow  was  united  in  mar- 
riage, at  Milford,  Conn.,  with  Sarah  Ma- 
ria Merwin,  who  was  born  May  21,  1844. 
She  is  descended  from  Puritan  stock,  be- 
longing to  one  of  the  oldest  families  of 
Connecticut,  and  a  monument  to  one  of 
her  ancestors,  in  the  cemeter)^  at  Milford, 
marks  the  oldest  grave  in  that  oldest  of 
Connecticut  cemeteries.  The  union  of 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stow  resulted  in  six  chil- 
dren, namely :  Ada  Merwin,  born  Sep- 
tember 17,  1864;  Harry  Jared,  born  De- 
cember 8,  1866;  Helen  Webster,  born 
July  8,  1870;  Charles  Goodrich,  born  Oc- 
tober 2,  1871 ;  Nelson  Lloyd,  born  De- 
cember 12,  1872 :  and  Mary  Goodrich, 
born  October  5,  1875.  Charles  died  in  in- 
fancy and  Nelson  died  at  the  age  of  twen- 
ty-two  years. 

In  politics  Mr.  Stow  has  long  been  an 
unswerving  adherent  of  the  Republican 
party,  and  a  prominent  and  influential  fac- 
tor in  the  local  councils  of  that  organi- 
zation. In  1887  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Evanston  Board  of  Education  for 
District  No.  76,  and  served  in  this  capac- 
ity eleven  years,  acting  for  six  years  as 
President  of  the  board.  He  was  elected 
Alderman  from  the  Fourth  Ward  in 
Evanston  in  1895,  and  twice  re-elected, 
and  filled  the  position  of  acting  Mayor 
of  Evanston  one  year.  "He  drafted  many 
of  the  statutes  which  conserve  the  welfare 
of  the  city,  among  them  being  the  Curfew 
Law.  The  erection  of  street  signs  was  ac- 
complished through  the  personal  efforts 
of  Mr.  Stow,  and  under  his  personal  su- 
pervision as  President  of  the  School 
Board,  the  Lincoln  and  Central  schools 
were  erected.  By  individual  exertion  he 
also  raised  over  $600,  with  which  to  put 
up    the    fountain   on    the    Central    School 


552 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


grounds,  which  commemorates  the  hero- 
ism of  teachers  who  saved  the  hves  of 
their  youthful  pupils,  on  the  occasion  of 
the  destruction  by  fire  of  the  old  school 
building.  The  name  of  Mr.  Stow  is  cut 
in  panels  on  both  of  the  school  buildings 
above  mentioned. 

Since  making  his  residence  in  Evans- 
ton,  Mr.  Stow  has  been  identified  almost 
continuously  with  the  public  afifairs  of  the 
city.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Cook 
County  Federation,  and  served  on  the 
Drainage  Canal  Committee,  acting  with 
the  late  Judge  Harvey  B.  Hurd,  in  tracing 
the  route  for  the  canal  through  West 
Evanston.  He  was  also  chairman  of  the 
Evanston  Army  and  Navy  League,  or- 
ganized in  1898.  While  a  member  of  the 
City  Council,  Mr.  Stow  drafted  the  stat- 
ute for  the  protection  of  animals  and 
birds,  the  law  to  preserve  street  signs 
from  damage,  and  that  prohibiting  the 
sale  of  cigarettes  to  minors,  besides  other 
statutory  provisions.  During  the  Civil 
War  Mr.  Stow  was  a  member  of  the  Sani- 
tary Commission. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  has  long 
been  a  zealous  adherent  of  the  faith  of 
the  Baptist  denomination.  He  united  with 
the  First  Baptist  Church  of  Evanston  in 

1873,  being  transferred  from  the  Second 
Baptist  Church  of  Chicago,  and  has  main- 
tained his  membership  in  the  former  ever 
since.  In  1875  he  was  elected  clerk  of 
that  church,, and  has  held  that  office  con- 
tinuously until  the  present  time.  He  has 
conducted  Sunday  services  at  the  Indus- 
trial School  for  Girls,  in  Evanston,  since 

1874,  and  served  twelve  years  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  that  In- 
stitution, acting  as  President  of  the  board 
for  three  years.  His  influence  has  always 
been  exerted  in  behalf  of  the  best  inter- 
ests of  the  community. 


LEONIDAS  P.  HAMLINE,  M.  D. 

Dr.  Leonidas  P.  Hamline,  who  became 
a  resident  of  Evanston  at  a  comparatively 
early  date,  and  whose  family  has  since 
been  closely  identified  with  the  social  and 
religious  life  of  the  city,  was  born  in 
Zanesville,  Ohio,  August  13,  1828,  the  son 
of  Bishop  Leonidas  L.  Hamline,  a  dis- 
tinguished member  of  the  Episcopacy  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  a 
pulpit  orator  of  rare  force  and  eloquence. 
In  the  youth  of  the  son  Bishop  Hamline 
was  actively  engaged  in  ministerial  work, 
and  under  the  itinerary  system  then  pre- 
vailing in  the  Methodist  Church,  the  fam- 
ily changed  its  residence  at  frequent  in- 
tervals. Thus  it  happened  that  the  young- 
er Hamline  was  educated  in  the  schools 
of  Tarrytown,  N.  Y. ;  Yellow  Springs, 
Ohio,  and  Greencastle,  Ind.,  finally  fin- 
ishing his  academic  studies  at  Lebanon, 
111.  He  then  began  the  study  of  medi- 
cine, and  received  his  doctor's  degree 
from  Castleton  Medical  College,  Castle- 
ton,  Vt.  For  a  time  thereafter  he  prac- 
ticed medicine  at  Hydeville,  Vt.,  and  was 
physician  and  surgeon  to  the  corporation 
operating  large  marble  quarries  at  that 
place.  He  came  west  from  Vermont  and 
first  established  his  home  at  Mt.  Pleas- 
ant, Iowa,  where  he  gained  professional 
distinction  and  was  in  active  practice  dur- 
ing nine  years  following.  While  the 
Civil  War  was  in  progress  he  took  an 
active  part  in  caring  for  the  sick  and 
wounded  Cnion  soldiers,  acting  as  sur- 
geon in  the  hospitals  at  Dubuque,  Iowa. 
He  retired  from  practice  at  the  close  of 
the  war  and  removed  to  Evanston  in  1865. 
He  was  among  the  pioneer  men  of  means 
who  established  homes  in  Evanston,  and 
one  of  the  first  to  make  building  and  other 
improvements  which  have  since  made  the 
city    noted    for   its    beauty.      His    father, 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


553 


Bishop  Hamline,  had  been  an  early  and 
fortunate  investor  in  Chicago  real  estate, 
and  the  care  and  management  of  these 
interests  occupied  a  large  share  of  Dr. 
Hamline's  attention  in  later  years.  After 
the  death  of  Bishop  Hamline  at  Alt. 
Pleasant,  Iowa,  in  1864,  his  widow  re- 
moved to  Eva^nston,  and  that  city  contin- 
ued to  be  her  home  until  her  death,  which 
occurred  in  1881.  It  was  in  the  infancy 
of  Northwestern  University  and  in  the 
village  days  of  Evanston  that  Dr.  Ham- 
line came  to  Evanston  to  live,  and  for 
more  than  thirty  years  thereafter  he  was 
an  esteemed  citizen  of  the  place.  He  and 
Mrs.  Hamline  were  members  of  the  First 
Methodist  Church  established  here,  and  at- 
tended services  in  the  primitive  church 
edifice  in  the  days  when  the  Methodists 
shared  it  with  other  denominations  not 
able  to  have  places  of  worship  of  their 
own.  During  the  later  years  of  his  life. 
Dr.  Hamline  and  Mrs.  Hamline  traveled 
extensively  both  in  this  country  and 
abroad,  and  much  of  their  time  was  spent 
away  from  Evanston.  Dr.  Hamline  was 
married  in  1850  to  Miss  Virginia  Moore, 
daughter  of  John  Moore  of  Peoria,  111., 
and  died  in  Evanston  in  1897.  Mrs.  Ham- 
line, who  still  survives,  residing  in  Evans- 
ton, was  born  in  Ripley,  Ohio.  The 
other  surviving  members  of  this  pioneer 
family  are:  Leonidas  N.  Hamline,  of 
Chicago,  and  Mrs.  Virginia  (Hamline) 
Creighton,  of  Evanston.  Another  son, 
John  H.  Hamline,  a  distinguished  mem- 
ber of  the  Chicago  Bar,  died  February 
14,   1904. 


JOHN  H.  HAMLINE. 

John  H.  Hamline,  lawyer  (deceased), 
Evanston  and  Chicago,  was  born  in  Rot- 
terdam, near  Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  March 
23,    1856,    the    son    of    Dr.    Leonidas    P. 


Hamline,  who  was  the  son  of  a  Bishop  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  In  1865 
his  father.  Dr.  L.  P.  Hamline,  removed 
with  his  family  to  Evanston,  111.,  where 
the  son  spent  his  youth  attending  the 
public  schools  and  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity, and  graduating  from  the  latter 
with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  in  1875.  After 
two  years  of  study  in  the  Columbia  Law 
School,  New  York,  he  graduated  from 
that  institution  in  1877,  taking  his  ex- 
amination and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
September  14,  1877,  and  immediately  en- 
tered upon  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  the  city  of  Chicago,  yvhich  continued 
to  be  his  professional  headquarters  dur- 
ing his  business  career.  At  this  time  his 
home  was  still  in  Evanston,  where  he 
served  as  Corporation  Counsel  from 
1880  to  1884.  While  occupying  this  of- 
fice he  framed  a  complete  municipal  code 
for  Evanston,  which  was  published  in 
1882. 

About  1885  he  removed  to  1621  Prairie 
Avenue,  Chicago,  where  he  continued  to 
reside  for  the  remainder  of  his  life.  In 
October,  1886,  he  entered  into  partner- 
ship with  his  life-long  friend,  Frank  H. 
Scott,  under  the  firm  name  of  Hamline  & 
Scott,  which  later,  by  the  admission  of 
Frank  E.  Lord,  became  Hamline,  Scott 
&  Lord,  Redmond  D.  Stephens  being  ad- 
mitted to  the  firm  in  1902.  In  1887  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Chicago 
City  Council,  serving  one  term,  during 
which  time  he  won  a  great  deal  of  promi- 
nence by  advocating  for  the  first  time  in 
that  body  the  principle  of  compensation 
for  municipal  franchises.  Though  never 
afterwards  a  candidate  for  political  office, 
he  continued  to  take  an  active  part  in 
public  affairs,  and  his  opinions  were  often 
sought  after  in  connection  with  municipal 
issues.  Besides  being  associated  with 
many  local  clubs  and  fraternal  societies. 


554 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


he  was  a  member  of  the  American  Bar 
Association,  the  Chicago  Bar  Association 
(of  which  he  was  elected  President  in 
1891),  and  the  Illinois  State  Bar  Associa- 
tion, serving  as  President  of  the  latter 
for  the  year  1896-97.  In  1895  he  was 
chosen  President  of  the  Cnion  League 
Club,  and  also  served  one  term  as  Presi- 
dent of  the  Chicago  Law  Club. 

(3ne  of  the  most  conspicuous  services 
rendered  by  Mr.  Hamline  was  as  member 
of  a  board  consisting  of  three  members 
appointed  by  Mayor  George  B.  Swift, 
in  1894,  for  the  purpose  of  devising  a 
merit  system  in  connection  with  the  Po- 
lice Department  of  the  City  of  Chicago. 
In  conjunction  with  his  colleagues  he 
gave  a  vigorous  support  to  this  measure, 
which  resulted  in  the  passage  by  the  Leg- 
islature of  the  Civil  Service  Act  of  1S95. 
Later  he  was  a  zealous  supporter  of  a 
similar  measure  for  the  whole  State,  and. 
although  it  failed  at  the  time,  the  final 
enactment  of  the  State  Civil  Service  Law, 
approved  May  11,  1905,  authorizing  the 
(jovernor  to  appoint  a  Civil  Service  Com- 
mission with  power  to  prescribe  rules 
for  the  examination  and  appointment  of 
persons  for  service  in  connection  with  the 
State  institutions,  was  undoubtedly  the 
outcome  of  these  early  efforts. 

Mr.  Hamline  was  married  May  19. 
1880,  to  Miss  Josephine  Mead,  daughter 
of  Henry  Mead  of  Norwich,  N.  Y.,  and 
two  children  were  born  to  them — Jose- 
phine and  John  H.,  Jr.  Mr.  Hamline  died 
at  his  home  in  the  city  of  Chicago  Febru- 
ary 14,  1904,  and  the  event  was  deeply 
deplored  by  a  large  circle  of  personal 
friends  and  members  of  the  bar,  who  had 
learned  to  admire  his  profound  modesty, 
his  high  integrity  and  unselfish  devotion 
to  public  interests,  and  his  talents  as  a 
citizen  and  a  lawyer.  His  former  partner, 
Frank  H.  Scott,  Esq.,  in  an  "In  Memo- 
riam"  pamphlet,  paid  the  following  trib- 


ute to  his  memory;  "Taking  into  account 
not  merely  disposition  toward  public  af- 
fairs, nor  ability  nor  energy,  but  all  of 
these  combined,  it  may  safely  be  asserted 
that,  in  the^past  twenty  years,  Chicago 
has  had  no  better  citizen.  For  himself  he 
claimed  nothing,  giving  credit  to  others 
for  the  fruits  of  his  own  eiiforts.  He  was 
concerned  only  in  effecting  results,  and 
not  at  all  as  to  where  credit  should  be  be- 
stowed." 


CURTIS  H.  REMY. 

Curtis  H.  Remy,  a  well-known  attor- 
ney-at-law,  who  has  been  a  resident  of 
Evanston,  Cook  County,  111.,  for  many 
years,  is  a  native  of  the  State  of  Indiana, 
where  he  was  born  in  the  town  of  Hope, 
Bartholomew  County,  April  29,  1852.  He 
is  a  son  of  Allison  Clark  and  Sophia  R. 
Remy.  The  father  was  a  farmer  by  oc- 
cupation, and  was  successful  in  that 
sphere  of  industry.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  spent  his  early  youth  on  the  farm, 
utilizing  the  opportunities  afforded  by 
the  district  schools  in  the  vicinity  of  his 
home.  His  education  was  accjuired  in 
part  at  Nazareth  Hall,  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  completed  at  Transylvania  Col- 
lege, Lexington,  Ky. 

Mr.  Remy  was  married  in  Boone  Coun- 
t)',  Ind..  on  October  28,  1875,  and  is  the 
father  of  two  sons  and  one  daughter.  In 
politics  Mr.  Remy  is  a  supporter  of  the 
Republican  party,  and  has  served  the  pub- 
lic in  several  local  offices,  and  often  been 
suggested  for  others.  Fraternally  he  is 
affiliated  with  the  Masonic  order,  in 
which  he  has  passed  all  the  degrees,  and 
he  is  also  a  member  of  several  clubs.  His 
religious  belief  is  in  accordance  with  the 
creed  of  the  Methodist  Church.  He  has 
made  his  home  in  Evanston  since  Novem- 
ber,   1876. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


555 


CLAUDIUS   BUCHANAN    SPENCER. 

Claudius  B.  Spencer,  A.  B.,  A.  M..  D. 
D..  Litt.  D.,  LL.  D..  Kansas  City,  Mo., 
was  born  at  Fowlerville,  Mich.,  October 
20,  1856,  prepared  for  college  at  How- 
ell, Mich.,  matriculated  in  Northwestern 
University,  Evanston,  111.,  in  1877,  and 
four  years  later  (1881)  graduated  from 
the  College  of  Liberal  .\rts  with  the  de- 
gree of  A.  B.  still  later,  in  due  course, 
receiving  the  degree  of  A.  AI.  During 
his  undergraduate  career  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  Hinman  Literary  Society,  his  fra- 
ternity was  the  Phi  Kappa  Sigma.  He 
is  a  Plii  Beta  Kappa.  He  was  editor  of 
"The  Tripod"  (the  College  paper),  and 
succeeded  I.  E.  Adams  on  the  "Evans- 
ton  Index."  He  edited  the  college  "Mu- 
sical Register."  Immediately  after  grad- 
uation he  joined  the  Detroit  Conference  of 
the  M.  E.' Church,  and  preached  for  two 
years  on  Lake  Superior ;  four  years  in 
Detroit ;  three  years  in  Owosso,  Mich., 
and  two  years  again  in  Detroit.  In  1892, 
he  was  transferred  to  Christ  Church, 
Denver,  Colorado  Conference.  He  was 
elected  by  the  General  Conference  Com- 
mission editor  of  the  "Rocky  Mountain 
Christian  .\d\ocate."  In  i8(;5  he  was  as- 
signed to  Asbury  Church,  Denver.  In 
1896  he  was  again  elected  editor  of  the 
"Rocky  Mountain  Christian  .Xdvocate," 
by  the  General  Conference  Commission  ; 
and  resigned  the  pastorship  to  devote  his 
attention  to  editorial  work.  In  1900  he 
was  elected,  by  the  General  Conference, 
held  that  year  in  Chicago,  editor  of  the 
"Central  Christian  .Advocate,"  at  Kansas 
City,  Mo.,  and  four  years  later  was  re- 
elected at  Los  .\ngeles,  Cal.,  to  the  same 
position,  which  he  still  retains.  He  was 
Secretary  of  the  Conference  of  Young 
People's  Societies,  held  in  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  in  May.    1889,    which  organized  the 


Epworth  League.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Managers  of  the  Freedmen's 
Aid  and  Southern  Education  Society. 
On  October  20,  1886,  Mr.  Spencer  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Mary  L. 
Mitchell,  of  Brockport,  N.  Y.,  and  three 
children  have  been  born  to  them,  namely: 
Helen  Mitchell,  Marjorie  Elizabeth,  and 
iMildred  Isabel. 


THOMAS  C.  HOAG. 

Thomas  C.  Hoag  (deceased),  former 
prominent  citizen  and  banker,  Evanston, 
111.,  was  born  in  Concord,  N.  H.,  Sep- 
temlier  7,  1825.  His  father,  who  was  a 
book-publisher  in  New  Hampshire,  came 
\\'est  with  his  family  in  the  fall  of  1840, 
and  spent  the  following  winter  in  Chi- 
cago, after  which  he 'removed  to  a  farm 
near  Plainfield,  Will  County.  In  1845, 
Thomas  C.  Hoag  came  to  Chicago  and 
engaged  in  the  wholesale  and  retail  gro- 
cery business  in  partnership  with  Oliver 
L.  Goss,  under  the  firm  name  of  Goss  & 
Hoag.  This  business  was  continued  until 
the  great  Chicago  fire  of  1871,  when  their 
stock  having  been  destroyed  with  the 
mass  of  Chicago  business  houses,  Mr. 
Hoag  removed  to  Evanston  and  there 
established  himself  in  the  grocer}'  busi- 
ness in  a  building  still  occupied  by  his 
succes.sors  in  the  same  line.  There  being' 
no  banking  facilities  in  Evanston  in  those 
days,  in  1874  Mr.  Hoag  established  a 
private  bank  in  the  rear  of  his  store,  which 
was  conducted  under  the  name  of  T.  C. 
Hoag  &  Company.  In  1894  it  was  re- 
moved to  the  building  now  occupied  by 
the  State  Bank  of  Evanston,  which  was 
incorporated  under  that  name  in  1892, 
Mr.  Hoag  having,  at  that  time,  sold  out 
his  interest  and  retired  from  the  banking 


556 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


business.  In  addition  to  his  other  busi- 
ness interests,  Mr.  Hoag  was,  for  a  time 
commencing  in  1870,  President  of  the 
Lumbermen's  Fire  Insurance  Company  of 
Chicago. 

Mr.  Hoag  was  married  May  i,  1851,  to 
Marie  L.  Bryant,  who  was  born  in  Can- 
terbury, N.  H.,  in  1827.  In  1857,  while 
still  engaged  in  business  in  Chicago,  he 
became  a  resident  of  Evanston,  purchas- 
ing the  homestead  at  the  southwest  cor- 
ner of  Davis  Street  and  Hinman  Avenue, 
then  directly  across  the  street  from  the 
original  building  of  the  Northwestern 
L^niversity,  of  which  he  was  a  Trustee 
for  thirty  years,  and  for  over  twenty 
years  business  manager.  Of  four  chil- 
dren born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hoag,  three 
are  still  living,  namely:  Dr.  Junius  C. 
Hoag,  of  Chicago ;  William  G.  Hoag, 
Cashier  of  the  State  Bank  of  Evanston, 
and  Dr.  Ernest  B.  Hoag,  of  Pasadena, 
Cal.  A  daughter,  Rebecca  B.  Hoag,  was 
one  of  the  first  two  women  to  become 
students  in  Northwestern  University, 
which  she  did  in  1870.  pursuing  a  clas- 
sical course  until  her  death  in  her  junior 
year.  On  May  i,  1901,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Hoag  celebrated  the  fiftieth  anniversary 
of  their  wedding,  the  occasion  being 
memorable  on  account  of  the  presence  of 
a  large  number  of  their  early  friends  in 
Chicago  and  Evanston. 

Soon  after  retiring  from  the  banking 
business  in  Evanston,  Mr.  Hoag  removed 
to  Pasadena,  Cal.,  where  he  purchased  a 
home,  there  spending  the  remaining 
years  of  his  life  in  practical  retirement, 
though  still  maintaining  his  interest  in 
public  enterprises.  While  a  resident  of 
Pasadena  he  served  as  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees  of  that  city,  and  on  the 
Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Throop  Poly- 
technic Institute  founded  by  Mr.  A.  G. 
Throop,  a  former  resident  of  Chicago. 


Mr.  Hoag's  demise  occurred  at  his  home 
in  Pasadena,  April  16,  1906,  and  his  re- 
mains were  brought  to  Chicago  and  in- 
terred in  Rose  Hill  Cemetery,  where 
impressive  ceremonies  were  held  in  the 
chapel  on  the  cemetery  grounds  on  Sun- 
day afternoon,  April  22.  He  is  survived 
by  his  widow  and  three  sons  mentioned  in 
the  preceding  sketch. 


\\  ILLIAM  GALE  HOAG. 

William  Gale  Hoag,  Cashier  of  the  Ev- 
anston State  Bank,  was  born  in  Evanston, 
111.,  Novemljer  19,  i860,  the  son  of  Thom- 
as C.  and  Maria  L.  (Bryant)  Hoag,  who 
were  natives  of  New  Hampshire,  the  for- 
mer born  at  Concord  in  1825,  and  the  lat- 
ter at  Canterbury  in  1827.  The  Hoag 
family  was  of  Xew  England  Quaker 
stock,  and  the  father  of  William  G.  was 
prominent  in  Chicago  and  Evanston  busi- 
ness circles  for  more  than  fifty  years.  (See 
sketch  of  Thomas  C.  Hoag  in  this  vol- 
ume.) \\'illiam  G.  Hoag  received  his  edu- 
cation in  the  local  schools  and  North- 
western University  Academy,  enjoying 
the  rare  advantages  of  books  and  friends 
from  his  youth  in  a  university  town. 

After  leaving  school  Mr.  Hoag  at  once 
entered  upon  a  business  career  in  connec- 
tion with  his  father  in  the  private  bank 
conducted  by  the  latter — now  the  State 
Bank  of  Evanston — with  which  he  has 
been  continuously  associated  ever  since, 
and  of  which  he  has  been  Cashier  for 
twenty  years.  His  whole  life  has  been 
spent  in  the  [ilace  of  his  birth  without 
change  of  occupation  or  business  rela- 
tions. The  official  positions  held  by  Mr. 
Hoag  have  been  wholly  in  connection 
with  local  benevolences,  having  served  as 
Treasurer  and  Director,  and  member  of 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


557 


the   Executive  Committee  of  the  Evans- 
ton  Hospital  for  many  years. 

The  Hterary,  social  and  business  organ- 
izations with  which  i\Ir.  Hoag  is  associ- 
ated include :  The  University  Club,  The 
Evanston  Club,  Evanston  Country  Club, 
the  Evanston  Golf  Club,  and  the  Bankers' 
Club  of  Chicago.  His  religious  associa- 
tions are  with  the  First  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church  of  Evanston,  and  politically 
he  supports  the  policies  of  the  Republi- 
can party.  Indulging  the  quiet  tastes  of 
a  bachelor,  he  feels  a  deep  interest  in  the 
social  life  and  happiness  of  those  around 
him,  and  takes  pleasure  in  contributing  his 
share  to  the  comfort  and  welfare  of  others. 


JEAN  FREDERIC  LOBA,  A.  M.  D.D. 

Jean  Frederic  Loba,  pastor  of  the  First 
Congregational  Church,  Evanston,  111., 
was  born  in  Lausanne,  Switzerland,  Oc- 
tober 17,  1846,  the  son  of  Frederic  and 
Julie  (Sider)  Loba.  Both  parents  were 
natives  of  Switzerland,  as  their  ancestors 
had  been  for  an  indefinite  period — the 
father  born  in  Berne  Canton,  December 
25,  i8og,  and  the  mother  at  Echallens. 
The  father  was  a  chemist  and  lived  in 
Canton  de  Vaud ;  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1853  and  died  in  Illinois  March 
14,  1864.  Mr.  Loba  was  educated  at  Olivet 
College,  Mich.,  at  Basle  in  his  native 
country,  Yale  College  and  Chicago  Theo- 
logical Seminary.  Hampered  by  limited 
means,  his  youth  was  spent  in  toil  and 
wandering  from  place  to  place  in  search 
of  employment,  but  being  a  lover  of  books, 
he  was  a  voracious  reader  of  everything 
that  came  into  his  hands,  thus  acquiring 
a  literary  bent  of  mind.  After  leaving 
college  he  spent  two  years  (1873-75)  ^*^ 
teacher  of  Greek  in  Knox  College,  Gales- 
burg.   111.,   later  was   a   student  at   Basle 


L'niversity,  Switzerland,  1875-76;  a  stu- 
dent in  Yale  Divinity  School,  1876-77 ; 
pastor  at  Kankakee,  111.,  1877-78,  and  at 
Kewanee,  111..  1878-82;  Professor  of  Mod- 
ern Languages  at  Olivet  College,  Mich., 
1882-88;  pastor  at  Kalamazoo,  Mich.,  1888- 
91  ;  in  Paris,  France,  1891-92,  and  from 
1892  to  1906  in  his  present  position  as 
pastor  of  the  Congregational  Church  at 
Evanston.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Congregational  Church  since  June,   1866. 

On  September  22,  1864,  he  enlisted  as 
a  soldier  of  the  Civil  War  in  Company  I, 
Thirteenth  Missouri  Veteran  Volunteer 
Cavalry,  and  after  serving  nearly  two 
3'ears,  was  mustered  out  May  17,  1866.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Evanston  Grand  Army 
Post,  and  was  Commander  of  the  Post  in 
Olivet,  Mich.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the 
Phi  Alpha  Pi  Literary  Fraternity.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Republican,  but  on  local 
questions  is  inclined  to  act  independently, 
and  on  one  occasion  voted  the  Prohibiti- 
tion  ticket. 

On  September  4,  1877,  Mr.  Loba  was 
united  in  marriage  at  Penacook,  near  Con- 
cord, N.  H.,  to  Lucene  M.  Bradley,  born 
at  Adams,  N.  Y.,  January  10,  185 1,  and  of 
this  union  five  children  have  been  born : 
Lucene  S.  (now  Mrs.  McConnell),  born 
December  25,  1879;  Julie  B.  (Mrs.  Col- 
lins), born  September  17,  1882;  Winifred, 
born  September  2,  1885,  died  April  25, 
1905 ;  Marguerite,  born  December  25. 
1891,  and  Jean  F.,  Jr.,  born  September  10. 
1894.  The  Bradley  family,  to  which  Mrs. 
Loba  belongs,  is  of  Revolutionary  stock, 
and  many  still  reside  in  Concord,  N.  H. 
Possessing  no  advantages  until  he  had 
reached  his  nineteenth  year,  by  a  life  of 
self-denial  and  sturdy  effort,  aided  by  a 
vivacious  and  enthusiastic  temperament, 
Rev.  Mr.  Loba  has  developed  a  strong 
character  which  has  placed  him  in  the 
front    rank   of    Evanston   clergymen.     A 


558 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


lover  of  nature,  he  is  also  a  lover  of  men 
and  of  books,  and  enjoys  life  as  pastor  of 
his  flock  while  contributing  to  the  enjoy- 
ment of  others  and  promoting  their  as- 
pirations to  a  higher  life.  In  1876  he  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  M.  A.  from  his  Alma 
Mater  and  in  1891  the  degree  of  D.  D. 
fiom  the  same  institution. 


WILLIAM  S.  HARBERT. 

A\'illiam  Soesbe  Harbert,  lawyer,  born 
September  17,  1842,  at  Terre  Haute,  Ind., 
is  the  son  of  Solomon  and  Amadine  (Wat- 
son) Harbert — the  former  a  descendant 
of  a  Virginian  family  of  English  extrac- 
tion, and  the  latter  a  native  of  Bards- 
town,  Ky.  At  an  early  age  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  attended  the  public  schools  of 
Terre  Haute,  preparatory  to  a  course  in 
Franklin  College,  at  Franklin,  Ind.  From 
that  institution  he  went  to  Wabash  Col- 
lege, Crawfordsville,  Ind.,  and  from  there 
to  the  University  of  Michigan,  where  he 
remained  till  he  completed  his  sophomore 
year.  In  1862  he  enlisted  as  a  volunteer 
in  the  Union  Army,  and  on  his  return  from 
the  field,  matriculated  in  the  Law  Depart- 
ment of  the  University  of  Indiana  at 
Bloomington,  Ind.,  remaining  there  one 
year,  when  he  entered  the  Law  Depart- 
ment of  the  University  of  Michigan,  at 
Ann  Arbor,  where  he  received  his  degree 
in  1867.  The  same  year  he  located  at  Des 
Moines,  Iowa;  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
remaining  there  seven  years,  within  that 
time  serving  as  Assistant  LTnited  States 
District  Attorney,  and  being  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  law  firm  of  Harbert  &  Clark. 
Success  attended  his  stay  in  Des  Moines, 
but  the  desire  to  operate  in  a  field  afiford- 
ing  greater  opportunities  led  to  his  re- 
moval to  Chicago  in  1874,  where  he 
resumed  practice  as  the  senior  member  of 


the  firm  of  Harbert  &  Daly.  This  part- 
nership was  succeeded  by  that  of  Har- 
bert, Curran  &  Harbert,  the  junior  part- 
ner being  the  only  son  of  the  subject  of 
this  narrative.  Upon  the  death  of  his  son, 
Arthur  Boynton  Harbert,  in  1900,  the 
firm  was  dissolved,  since  which  time  Mr. 
Harbert  has  practiced  alone. 

The  year  following  the  outbreak  of  the 
Civil  War  and  while  a  student,  then 
twenty  years  of  age,  William  Soesbe  Har- 
bert enlisted  as  a  private  in  Company  C 
Eightj'-fifth  Indiana  Volunteers  and  was 
in  active  service  until  1865.  During  the 
period  of  his  military  career,  he  served  on 
the  stafif  of  Gen.  John  Colburn,  Gen.  Ben- 
jamin Harrison,  and  Major-General  W. 
T.  Ward.  He  was  engaged  in  the  cam-' 
paigns  against  Atlanta  and  Savannah  and 
was  with  General  Sherman  on  his  famous 
march  to  the  sea.  At  the  first  battle  of 
Franklin  (Tenn.)  he  was  taken  prisoner 
and  spent  two  months  in  Libby  Prison. 
He  was  brevetted  as  Captain  "for  distin- 
guished meritorious  services."  Mr.  Har- 
bert is  prominent  in  philanthropic  work 
and,  for  seven  years,  was  President  of  the 
Board  of  Managers  of  the  "Forward 
Movement,"  a  social  settlement  organ- 
ization having  beautiful  assembly 
grounds,  which  Mr.  Harbert  spent  much 
time  in  procuring  for  the  organization. 
He  holds  membership  in  and  is  active  in 
furthering  the  enterprises  of  a  number  of 
jihilanthropic  organizations. 

In  his  religious  and  political  affiliations, 
Mr.  Harbert  is  independent.  He  believes 
in  municipal  control  of  public  utilities,  as- 
sisted in  the  establishment  of  the  Juve- 
nile Court,  the  adoption  of  the  indeterminate 
sentence  law  and  advocates  the  placing 
of  a  limitation  on  the  power  to  grant,  by 
will,  large  sums  to  single  individuals. 

^Ir.  Harbert.  on  October  18,  1870,  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Mor- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


559 


rison  Boynton,  a  woman  of  high  Hterary 
attainments  and  social  rank,  a  sketch  of 
whom  also  appears  herein.  Three  chil- 
dren. Arthur  Boynton  (deceased),  Cor- 
inne  Boynton,  and  Boynton  Elizabeth, 
wife  of  Ashley  D.  Rowe,  of  Pasadena,  Cal- 
ifornia, were  born  to  them.  Continuously 
since  1874  the  Harberts  have  been  resi- 
dents of  Evanston.  and  their  spacious 
home  is  not  the  least  of  its  attractions. 
For  twenty  years  they  have  dispensed  a 
generous  hospitality  at  their  pleasant 
summer  home  at  Lake  Geneva,  Wis. 


ELIZABETH  BOYNTON  HARBERT. 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  Boynton  Harbert,  author, 
lecturer,  reformer  and  philanthropist,  was 
born  in  Crawfordsville,  Ind.  She  is  the 
eldest  child  of  William  H.  Boynton,  of 
Nashua,  N.  H.,  and  Abigail  Sweetser 
Boynton,  a  native  of  Boston,  Mass.  Her 
maiden  name  was  Elizabeth  Morrison 
Boynton.  Her  journalistic  signature  was 
Lizzie  M.  Boynton.  She  was  educated  in 
the  Female  Seminary  at  Oxford,  Ohio, 
and  in  the  Terre  Haute  Female  College, 
graduating  from  the  latter  with  honors. 
Growing  up  in  Crawfordsville,  under  the 
shadow  of  a  college  into  which  girls  were 
not  permitted  to  enter,  she  early  learned 
the  value  of  educational  privileges  and 
claimed  them  for  her  sister  women. 

After  vain  attempts  to  slip  the  bolts  of 
prejudice  and  precedent  that  barred  out 
the  daughters  of  the  State  from  the  halls 
of  learning,  she  strove  to  rouse,  with  pen 
and  voice,  those  whose  stronger  hands 
could  open  wide  the  doors.  The  faculty 
of  Wabash  College  had  allowed,  as  an 
especial  privilege,  four  young  women — 
Emma  Hough  Fairchild,  Mary  Krout, 
Mary  Cumberland  Jennison  and  Eliza- 
beth Boynton  Harbert — to  attend  lectures 


on  Physics  by  Prof.  John  L.  Campbell, 
who  was  later  the  Secretary  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Centennial  Exposition.  Although 
these  lectures  were  substantially  repeti- 
tions of  those  required  in  the  college  cur- 
riculum, the  young  men  were  excluded. 
Dr.  White,  the  first  President  of  Wabash 
College,  shortly  before  his  death,  prom- 
ised Mrs.  Harbert  a  diploma  upon  the 
completion  of  her  course.  Not  long 
after  the  same  four  young  women,  in  com- 
pany with  nineteen  others,  petitioned  the 
faculty  for  permission  to  enter  the  college 
and  receive  the  benefit  of  its  teachings. 
The  letter  written  in  reply  to  the  petition 
of  the  young  ladies  was  to  the  effect  that 
the  faculty  expressed  its  extreme  regret 
that  the  facilities  of  the  preparatory  de- 
partment were  such  that  the  department 
was  inadequate  for  its  needs,  and  hence 
the  college  would  not  be  able  to  admit 
the  young  women.  Each  one  of  these 
young  women  had  progressed  far  beyond 
the  "preparatory"  department.  It  is  dif- 
ficult for  Airs.  Harbert  to  speak  of  this 
letter  without  manifesting,  in  some  man- 
ner, a  slight  touch  of  the  profound  impres- 
sion it  produced,  although,  when  meas- 
ured by  its  after  effect  upon  her  career, 
it  should  be  considered  of  inestimable  val- 
ue. The  first  ten  dollars  she  received  as 
the  result  of  her  own  work,  was  from  the 
"New  York  Independent"  for  an  account 
of  this  attempt  to  obtain  a  college  edu- 
cation. 

This  group  of  twenty-three  girls,  under 
the  leadership  of  the  four,  had  purchased 
the  town  flag,  the  church  organ  and  the 
first  fire  engine.  In  their  indignation  and 
disappointment,  they  determined  to  se- 
cure for  their  own  use,  and  the  town,  a 
public  library.  With  this  object  in  view, 
they  advertised  the  presentation  of  a  com- 
edy, entitled  "The  Coming  Woman,"  in 
which    they    burlesqued    themselves    and 


56o 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


their  unsuccessful  efforts.  In  a  relent- 
less manner,  the  male  students  issued  bur- 
lesque handbills  and  posters.  In  one  day 
not  less  than  five  varieties  were  issued. 
The  ladies  were  styled  "the  Twenty-three 
Sorry  Sisses,"  in  an  attempt  to  pun  upon 
the  word  "Sorosis,"  which  latter  organ- 
ization was  attracting  considerable  atten- 
tion in  the  East.  It  is  needless  to  say 
that  the  adverse  criticism  attracted  an 
unusually  large  audience,  and  a  consid- 
erable sum  was  netted  with  which  was 
purchased  the  nucleus  for  a  circulating 
library.  At  that  time  Miss  Boynton  was 
but  twenty  years  old. 

Oberlin  was  then  the  only  college  which 
admitted  men  and  women  on  an  equality. 
At  the  suggestion  of  friends.  Miss  Boyn- 
ton prepared  an  address  which  she  enti- 
tled, "Before  Suffrage,  What?"  which 
was  a  plea  for  the  education  of  women  as 
an  essential  preparation  for  their  enfran- 
chisement. This  was  delivered  first  in 
Crawfordsville,  after  a  most  flattering  in- 
troduction by  Gen.  Lew  Wallace.  The 
following  week  the  same  address  was 
given  at  La  Fayette,  and  the  next  week 
at  Cleveland  before  an  immense  audience. 
Following  this  was  another  success  at 
Cincinnati  in  the  opera  house.  Mrs.  Mary 
A.  Livermore,  who  was  at  this  time  a 
most  helpful  and  encouraging  friend  of 
Miss  Boynton,  wrote  to  one  of  the  Wom- 
an's journals,  as  follows :  "The  speech  of 
the  day  and  evening  (referring  to  a  con- 
vention in  Ohio),  was  made  by  Lizzie 
Boynton,  although  among  the  speakers 
were  Susan  B.  Anthony,  Mrs.  Stanton 
and  myself.  She  held  the  audience  on  the 
platform,  as  well  as  that  in  the  hall,  spell- 
bound for  an  hour."  A  journalistic  sketch 
of  Miss  Boynton  said,  "by  one  stroke  she 
had  placed  herself  beside  Fanny  Fern  and 
Gail  Hamilton." 

During   the   Civil   War   Miss    Boynton 


energetically  devoted  her  time  to  the  care 
of  the  soldiers  and  the  duties  of  the  hour. 
Her  sympathies  were  keenly  allied  to  the 
cause  of  the  L^nion,  although  she  was 
always  too  inclusive  in  her  love  of  human- 
ity to  indulge  in  any  bitterness  of  feeling. 
Her  first  book,  "The  Golden  Fleece,"  was 
published  in  1867.  In  1870  she  was  mar- 
ried to  Capt.  William  S.  Harbert,  a  brave 
soldier  and  successful  lawyer.  After  their 
marriage  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Harbert  lived  in 
Des  Moines,  Iowa,  and  there  Mrs.  Har- 
bert published  her  second  book,  "Out  of 
Her  Sphere,"  and  her  first  song,  "Arling- 
ton Heights." 

While  living  in  Des  Moines,  Mrs.  Har- 
bert took  an  active  part  in  the  Woman's 
Suffrage  Movement,  being  elected  Presi- 
dent of  the  State  Association.  She  suc- 
ceeded in  inducing  the  Republicans  of 
Iowa  to  put  into  their  State  platform  a 
purely  woman's  plank,  "winning  the 
members  of  the  committee  appointed  to 
prepare  a  platform  for  the  State  Con- 
vention, by  her  earnest  and  dignified  pres- 
entation of  the  claims  of  women."  Thus 
was  earned  the  distinction  of  being  the 
first  woman  to  design  a  woman's  plank 
and  secure  its  adoption  by  a  great  politi- 
cal party  of  a  state. 

In  the  winter  of  1874,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Harbert  moved  to  Illinois,  and  from  that 
time  have  made  their  home  in  Evanston. 
The  family  now  consists  of  two  daugh- 
ters, Corinne  and  Boynton.  In  1900  their 
only  son,  Arthur  Boynton  Harbert,  hero- 
ically surrendered  his  earthly  life,  mean- 
while bequeathing  to  parents,  sisters  and 
friends  the  memory  of  a  beautiful,  self- 
sacrificing,  loving  life,  he  being  then  in 
his  twenty-eighth  year. 

IVIrs.  Harbert  was  for  two  years  the 
President  of  the  Social  Science  Associa- 
tion of  Illinois.  She  was  Vice-President 
of  the  Woman's  Suffrage  Association  of 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


561 


Indiana,  President  of  the  ^^'()man's  Suf- 
frage Association  of  Iowa,  and  for 
twelve  years  President  of  the  Illinois 
Woman's  Suffrage  Association.  She  was 
a  member  of  the  Board  of  Managers  of 
the  Girls'  Industrial  School  of  South  Ev- 
anston,  and  Vice-President  of  the  Associa- 
tion for  the  advancement  of  women, 
known  as  the  Woman's  Congress. 

As  editor  for  seven  years  of  the 
"Woman'  Kingdom,"  a  regular  weekly 
department  of  the  Chicago  Inter  Ocean, 
she  has  exerted  a  widespread  influence 
over  many  homes.  As  editor  of  the  New 
Era,  in  which  she  was  free  to  utter  her 
deepest  convictions,  she  devoted  a  year's 
service.  In  1891  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  Col- 
lege conferred  upon  her  the  honorary  de- 
gree of  Doctor  of  Philosophy. 

During  the  year  of  the  World's  Colum- 
bian Exposition,  and  the  \\'orld's  Con- 
gress, auxiliary  thereto,  popularh'  known 
as  the  \\'orld's  Parliament  of  Religions, 
Mrs.  Harbert  served  on  several  commit- 
tees, among  which  was  the  Committee  on 
Organization  of  the  ^^'orld's  Congress  of 
Representative  ^\'omen.  otherwise  known 
as  the  "Department  of  \\'oman's  Progress 
of  the  World's  Congress  Auxiliary  of  the 
World's  Columbian  Exposition  of  1893." 
Of  that  committee,  Mrs.  j\Iay  \\'right  Se- 
well,  of  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  was  Chairman; 
Mrs.  Rachel  Foster  Avery,  of  Somerton, 
Pa.,  Secretary,  and  Mrs.  Sarah  Hacket 
Stevenson,  M.  D.,  Mrs.  Julia  Holmes 
Smith,  M.  D..  Mrs.  Coonley  Ward,  ]Miss 
Frances  E.  Willard  and  Mrs.  William 
Thayer  Brown,  members.  These  con- 
gresses resulted  in  a  number  of  organi- 
zations of  both  national  and  international 
scope.  Mrs.  Harbert  was  also  a  member 
of  the  Committee  of  the  Woman's  Branch 
of  the  World's  Congress  Auxiliary  on  Gov- 
ernment Reform  Congresses,  and  subse- 
c|uently   became    Associate    Chairman   of 


the  Government  Reform  Congress  of  the 
\\'orld's  Congresses. 

The  list  of  charter  members  of  the  Il- 
linois Woman's  Press  Association  con- 
tains the  name  of  Mrs.  Harbert.  She  was 
also  a  member  of  the  Illinois  Press  As- 
sociation. She  was  President  and  Direc- 
tor of  the  National  Household  Economic 
Association,  and  Vice-President  for 
Illinois  of  the  National  Woman  Suffrage 
Association. 

The  Woman's  Club  of  Evanston  was 
organized  and  presided  over  by  Mrs.  Har- 
bert, and  after  seven  years'  service  as  such 
— during  which  time  the  meetings  of  the 
Club  were  held  at  the  Harbert  homestead 
— she  was  elected  Honorary  President  of 
the  Cluli,  which  honor  she  declined. 

The  immediate  outcome  of  the  World's 
Congresses  was  the  formation  of  two  or- 
ganizations, namely:  The  Religious  Par- 
liament Extension,  of  which  the  late  Hon. 
Charles  C.  Bonney  was  President  and  Dr. 
Paul  Carus,  Secretary ;  and  The  World's 
Unity  League,  of  which  Hon.  Charles 
Carroll  Bonney  (until  the  time  of  his  de- 
cease) and  Mrs.-  Harbert  were  Associate 
Chairmen.  At  present  Mrs.  Harbert  is 
the  acting  chairman,  no  one  having  yet 
been  appointed  to  succeed  Mr.  Bonney. 
Mrs.  Ella  A.  W.  Hoswell  and  Miss  Ida  C. 
Heffron  are  its  secretaries. 

From  the  official  report  of  Air.  Bonney, 
made  to  the  representative  participants  in 
the  "Congress  Auxiliary,"  we  quote  the 
following: 

The  Woman's  Committee  on  Religious  Par- 
liament Extension. — Mrs.  Elizabeth  Boynton 
Harbert.  Chairman,  and  Mrs.  Frederick  Hawk- 
ins, Secreta-y  thereof,  have  determined  to  cir- 
culate for  signatures,  in  all  parts  of  the  world, 
the  pledge  of  the  World's  Religious  Unity, 
with  which  the  Religious  Extension  Movement 
was  inaugurated.  This  pledge,  of  which  Mrs. 
Harbert  is  the  author,  was  the  bond  of  union 
p-esented  and  signed  at  the  first  E.xtension 
meeting  and  is  in  the  following  words: 


5f>2 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


BOND   OF   UNION. 

"Recognizing  the  interdependence  and  solidari- 
ty of  humanity,  we  will  welcome  light  from  every 
source,  earnestly  desiring  to  grow  in  knowledge 
of  Truth  and  the  Spirit  of  Love  and  to  manifest 
the  same  by  helpful  service." 

•  Mrs.  Harbert  is  associated  with  many 
organizations  which  have  for  their  object 
the  recognition  of  the  divinity  of  hu- 
manity, one  of  her  favorite  statements  be- 
ing, "There  are  no  common  people,  since 
we  all  belong  to  the  divine  familyhood  of 
the  Creator  and  the  created." 

Notwithstanding  all  the  work  implied 
in  filling  so  many  important  offices.  Airs. 
Harbert  finds  her  greatest  pleasure  in  her 
hospitable  home  and  with  her  family. 
However,  the  basic  principle  of  all  her 
work  has  ever  been  found  in  the  home, 
and  the  recognition  of  the  fact  that  the 
civilization  of  tomorrow  inheres  in  the 
children  of  today. 

Mrs.  Harbert  is  versatile  to  a  remark- 
able degree.  She  has  won  the  unstinted  af- 
fection of  her  townsmen  and  women, 
which  has  manifested  itself  in  the  gift  of 
a  fountain,  works  of  art,  etc.,  from  these. 
In  al!  her  endeavors  she  has  been  nobly 
sustained  by  her  husband,  whose  clear 
judgment  and  generous  sympathies  have 
made  his  aid  invaluable. 

As  a  writer  she  is  poetic,  pointed,  witty, 
vigorous,  convincing.  On  two  occasions 
she  has  addressed  the  Judiciary  Committee 
of  the  Senate  of  the  United  States, 
making  a  plea  for  an  amendment  to  the 
Federal  Constitution  prohibiting  the  dis- 
franchisement of  United  States  citizens 
on  account  of  sex.  She  also  addressed 
the  New  York  General  Assembly  at  a 
joint  session  of  the  Assembly  and  Senate 
of  that  State,  upon  the  same  subject. 
\Vith  Mrs.  Catherine  Waugh  McCulloch, 
of  Evanston,  and  Mrs.  Helen  M.  Gougar, 
of  La  Favette,  Ind.,  Mrs.  Harbert  went 
to  Springfield,  111.,  where  they  addressed 


the  House  and  Senate  in  favor  of  the  bill 
allowing  the  women  of  Illinois  to  vote 
upon  school  questions,  and  secured  the 
passage  of  the  bill. 

She  has  made  addresses  before  the  Leg- 
islative Assemblies  of  Wisconsin,  Iowa 
and  Illinois.  She*  was  one  of  the  two 
women  appointed  by  the  National  Wom- 
an's Suffrage  Committee,  as  delegates  from 
the  United  States  at  large  to  the  National 
Republican  Convention  that  nominated  R. 
B.  Hayes,  at  which  she  made  an  address 
before  the  platform  committee. 

Among  the  most  important  of  Mrs. 
Harbert's  essays  and  lectures  are  the  fol- 
lowing: "Before  Suffrage,  What?" 
"Homes  of  Representative  Women"; 
"The  '  Domestic  Problem";  "Men's 
Rights":  "Conversation  and  Conversers" ; 
"The  Ideal  Home" ;  "George  Eliot" ; 
"Litcretia  Mott";  "Statesmanship  of  Wom- 
en"; "Aims,  Ideals  and  Methods  of  Wom- 
en's Clubs" ;  "A  Woman's  Dream  of  Co- 
operation" ;  "The  Message  of  the  Madon- 
na" :  "Lyric  Poets  of  Russia" ;  "An  Hour 
with  the  Strong  Minded."  Her  publica- 
tions are:  "The  Golden  Fleece":  "Out  of 
Her  Sphere":  "Amore ;"  "The  Illinois 
Chapter  in  the  History  of  \\"oman  Suf- 
frage." Songs:  "Arlington  Heights"; 
"What  Have  You  Done  with  the  Hours?" 
"The  New  America"  (words);  "The 
Promised  Land"  (words).  Poems:  "The 
Little  Earth  Angel" ;  Lines  to  My  Anony- 
mous Friend,"  and  others. 

The  narrative  in  the  foregoing  sketch, 
with  but  slight  and  immaterial  changes, 
from  the  pen  of  Mrs.  Harbert's  only  son, 
Arthur  Boynton  Harbert,  who  passed 
from  this  life  in  1890,  was  found  among 
his  papers  after  his  death. 

To  Mrs.  Harbert  is  due  the  full  credit 
of  the  chapter  in  this  volume  under  the 
title  of  "Homes  and  Home-Makers  of  Ev- 
anston." 


k 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


563 


FRANK  M.  ELLIOT. 

Frank  M.  Elliot,  who  for  nineteen  years 
has  resided  at  No.  225,  Lake  Street,  Evan- 
ston.  111.,  and  is  engaged  in  the  real  estate 
and  loan  business  in  Chicago,  was  born  at 
Corinna,  Maine,  March  27,  1853,  the  son  of 
Jacob  Smith  and  Sarah  (Moore)  Elliot, 
both  natives  of  New  England.  Jacob 
Smith  Elliot,  who  was  a  physician  by  pro- 
fession, continued  to  live  in  Maine  until 
1855,  when  the  family  moved  to  Minneap- 
olis, Minn.  He  preempted  80  acres  of  land 
on  which  he  established  his  western  home 
and  which  is  now  within  the  limits  of  that 
city.  Dr.  Elliot  was  one  of  the  leading 
practitioners  of  medicine  in  his  locality  for 
twenty-five  years.  Subsequently,  he  went 
to  California,  where  he  died,  aged  eighty- 
three  years. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  spent  his  boy- 
hood on  the  paternal  farm,  and  received  his 
early  mental  training  in  the  public  schools 
of  Minneapolis.  He  afterwards  pursued  a 
course  of  study  in  Northwestern  L'niver- 
sity,  at  Evanston,  from  which  he  was  grad- 
uated with  the  class  of  1877.  After  his 
graduation  he  studied  law,  and  then  held  a 
position  in  the  Recorder's  Office  of  Cook 
County,  for  two  years.  At  the  end  of  this 
period,  he  entered  into  the  real  estate  and 
loan  business  in  Chicago,  in  which  he  has 
since  been  successfully  engaged.  He  at- 
tends to  the  management  of  estates  and  con- 
ducts a  general  business  in  real  estate. 
He  has  been  a  director  in  the  State  Bank 
of  Evanston,  since  the  organization. 

On  November  13,  1878,  Mr.  Elliot  was 
united  in  marriage,  at  Evanston.  111.,  with 
Anna  Shuman,  whose  father,  Andrew 
Shuman,  was  for  many  years,  the  editor  of 
the  "Chicago  Evening  Journal"  and  who 
filled  the  position  of  Lieutenant  Governor  of 
Illinois.  In  politics  Mr.  Elliot  has  always 
been  an  earnest  supporter  of  the  Republican 


party.  In  1887  he  held  the  office  of  Village 
Trustee  of  Evanston.  He  has  been  an  of- 
ficer of  the  Evanston  Hospital  Association 
since  its  organization  in  1891,  acting  for 
fifteen  years  on  the  Executive  Committee 
and  has  been  the  President  for  eleven  years. 
In  1884-85  he  was  President  of  the  Alumni 
Association  of  Northwestern  University. 
Socially,  Mr.  Elliot  belongs  to  the  Sigma 
Chi  Fraternity,  in  which  he  was  Grand  An- 
notator  from  1884  to  1886;  and  to  the 
Evanston  Club,  the  Glen  View  Golf  Club, 
and  the  University  Club  of  Chicago.  His 
religious  connection  is  with  the  First  Con- 
gregational Church  of  Evanston.  He  is 
regarded  as  a  public-spirited  and  useful 
member  of  the  communitv. 


BENJAMIN  ALLEN  GREENE,  D.  D. 

Rev.  Benjamin  A.  Greene,  an  eminent 
minister  of  the  Baptist  church,  resid- 
ing in  Evanston,  111.,  was  born  in  Harris- 
ville,  R.  I.,  November  6.  1845,  the  son  of 
Alvin  and  Maria  (Arnold)  Greene,  of 
whom  the  former  was  born  in  Killingly, 
Conn.,  in  December,  1820,  while  the  latter 
was  a  native  of  Rhode  Island,  where  she 
was  born  in  February,  1820.  The  occupa- 
tion of  Alvin  Greene  was  that  of  superinten- 
dent of  a  cotton  mill.  The  genealogical 
line  of  the  family  is  traceable  back  to  John 
Greene,  who  lived  in  Warwick.  R.  I.,  in 
1639. 

In  early  youth  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
attended  the  common  schools  of  his  native 
place.  After  reaching  the  age  of  twelve 
years,  he  worked  half  of  the  time  in  the 
cotton  mills  and  spent  the  other  half  at 
school.  He  recalls  the  fact  that  he  began 
to  read  the  "New  York  Tribune"  editorials 
of  Florace  Greeley,  at  the  beginning  of  the 
Civil  War.  For  two  years  he  lived  in  Yar- 
mouth,  Maine,  but  most  of  his  later  boy- 


564 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


hood  was  spent  at  White  Rock,  R.  I.  He 
spent  1866-68  in  preparation  for  college,  in 
the  Connecticut  Literary  Institute,  at  Suf- 
field,  and  entering  Brown  University,  grad- 
uated there  in  1872,  and  from  Newton  The- 
ological Institution  in  1875.  In  1893  he 
received  the  degree  of  D.  D.  from  the  for- 
mer institution.  From  July,  1875,  to  April, 
1882.  Dr.  Greene  followed  his  ministerial 
calling  in  ^Massachusetts,  during  that  period 
serving  as  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
Church  at  Westboro,  and  later  as  pastor  of 
the  Washington  Street  Baptist  Church,  at 
Lvnn,  Mass.,  from  April,  1882,  to  March, 
1897.  Then  coming  West  he  assumed  his 
present  charge  in  Evanston.  Dr.  Greene 
has  officiated  as  President  of  the  Massachu- 
setts Conference  of  Baptist  Ministers,  and 
as  lecturer  on  homiletics  at  Newton  Theo- 
logical Institution,  Crozer  Theological 
School,  Rochester  Theological  Seminary. 
and  Chicago  University  Divinity  School. 

On  June  25.  1875,  Dr.  Greene  was  united 
in  marriage,  at  Providence.  R.  I.,  with  Ella 
Fairbrother.  who  was  born  in  Pawtucket, 
R.  I.,  in  1840.  Two  children  have  been 
born  of  this  union,  namely:  Ruth  M.  (Mrs. 
J.  F.  Pierson ) .  born  February  27,  1877  ;  and 
Marian  F.,  born  January  4,  1886.  On  May 
12,  1891 .  the  mother  of  this  family  having 
died.  Dr.  Greene  was  married  again,  his 
second  wife  being  Xancy  W.  Maine,  who 
was  born  January  19,  1856.  In  his  politi- 
cal views.  Dr.  Greene  is  a  supporter  of  the 
principles  of  the  Republican  party. 


HENRY  B.  HEMENWAY.  M.  D. 

Dr.  Henry  Bi.xby  Hemenway,  who 
is  successfully  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
medicine  in  Evanston,  111.,  was  born  in 
Montpelier,  Vt.,  December  20,  1856,  the  son 
of  Francis  Dana  and  Sarah  Louise  (Bi.xby) 
Hemenwav,  natives  of  Chelsea,  \'t..  where 


the  former  was  born  November  10,  1830, 
and  the  latter,  March  2,  1828.  The  pater- 
nal grandparents,  Jonathan  Wilder  and 
Sally  (Hibbard — or  Hebard)  Hemenway, 
were  born  in  Barre.  Mass.,  and  Brookfield, 
\'t..  respectively.  On  the  maternal  side  the 
grandparents  were  Ichabod  Bi.xby,  born  at 
Belchertown,  Mass.,  March  19,  1784,  and 
Susanna  (Lewis)  Bixby,  in  Walpole,  N. 
H.,  August  31,  1789.  The  maiden  name 
of  the  great-grandmother,  on  the  paternal 
side,  was  Sarah  Davidson.  The  great- 
grandparents  on  the  maternal  side  were 
Ichabod  and  Lydia  (Orcutt)  Bi.xby,  James 
and  Grace  (Paddock)  Lewis — the  first  men- 
tioned (Ichabod  Bixby),  born  January  9, 
1757.  The  great-great-grandfather  of 
]\Irs.  Hemenway,  Solomon  Bixby,  was 
born  in  1732,  and  died  January  27,  18 13. 
His  father,  Nathan  Bixby,  was  born  in  No- 
vember, 1694,  the  father  of  Nathan  was 
Benjamin  and  his  father  was  Joseph  Bixby, 
who  died  in  1706.  The  father  of  Joseph 
Bixby  was  Nathaniel  Bixby,  who  came 
from  Boxford,  Suffolk  County,  England 
and  settled  in  Salem,  Mass.,  in  1636.  Dr. 
Hemenway "s  father,  Francis  Dana  Hemen- 
way, was  a  clergyman  who,  at  the  time  of 
the  doctor's  birth  was  pastor  of  a  church 
in  Montpelier,  \'t.,  and  Chaplain  of  the 
State  Senate.  He  first  located  in  Evanston 
in  1857.  During  periods  in  i86i  to  1862 
and  1863  to  1865,  he  had  a  pastoral  charge 
at  Kalamazoo,  Mich.,  and  for  a  time  in 
1862-63,  served  as  pastor  of  the  First  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church  in  Chicago.  On  lo- 
cating in  Evanston  he  was  elected  to  a  pro- 
fessorship in  the  Garrett  Biblical  Institute 
but  from  the  fall  of  1861  imtil  the  spring 
of  1866.  availed  himself  of  leave  of  absence 
from  the  institution.  In  1876  he  was  a  re- 
viser of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Hymnal. 
Henry  Bi.xby  Hemenway  received  his 
mental  training  in  the  Preparatory  School 
and  College  of  Liberal  Arts  of  Northwest- 


fl 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


565 


ern  University,  receiving  his  degree  of  A. 
B.  in  1879,  A.  M..  in  1882.  and  that  of  M. 
D.,  from  the  medical  department  of  the 
University  in  188 1.  While  taking  his 
course  in  the  College  of  Liberal  Arts  he 
taught  a  district  school  at  Deerfiekl,  111.,  in 
1878-79,  In  1881  he  entered  upon  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Kalamazoo, 
I\Iich,,  continued  therein  until  1890,  when 
he  moved  to  Evanston,  where  he  has  since 
practiced  with  successful  results.  He 
served  in  the  capacity  of  Health  Officer  of 
Kalamazoo  in  1884-85,  was  secretary  of 
the  Kalamazoo  Board  of  the  U,  S,  Examin- 
ing Surgeons,  from  January  1887  to  Sep- 
tember 1890;  was  also  Treasurer  of  the 
Michigan  State  Medical  Society  from  1886 
to  1890  and  was  Secretary  and  Librarian 
of  the  Kalamazoo  Academy  of  Medicine, 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Finance  Com- 
mittee of  the  Ninth  International  Medical 
Congress ;  is  now  a  member  of  the  Ameri- 
can Medical  Association,  the  American 
Academy  of  Medicine,  the  Chicago  Medical 
Society,  the  Illinois  State  Medical  Society, 
etc. 

Dr.  Hemenway  has  been  twice  married, 
first  in  Evanston,  on  May  2,  1882,  to  Lilla 
Maggie  Bradley,  who  was  born  at  Cottage 
Hill.  Ill,,  August  25,  1856,  and  died  March 
29,  1883,  She  was  descended  from  an  old 
New  England  family,  Benjamin  Bradley, 
a  London  Apothecary,  being  the  ancestor  of 
the  family.  His  son,  Daniel,  born  in  161 5, 
came  to  Massachusetts  in  1635  and  was 
killed  by  Indians  August  13,  1689,  The 
doctor's  second  wife  was  Victoria  Steven- 
son Taylor,  to  whom  he  was  united  in  mar- 
riage at  Kalamazoo,  Mich,,  October  13, 
1885,  She  was  born  in  Kalamazoo,  Febru- 
ary 16,  1861,  a  daughter  of  Andrew  and 
Victoria  (Bangs)  Taylor,  her  father  being 
a  native  of  Kelso,  Scotland,  Her  maternal 
grandparents  were  Samuel  and  Susan 
(Payne)  Bangs,  the  birthplace  of  the  latter 


being  in  Virginia,  Samuel  Bangs  received 
a  grant  of  eleven  leagues  of  land  from  the 
Mexican  Government,  for  services  rendered 
previous  to  1840,  Dr.  Hemenway  became 
the  father  of  three  children,  namely :  Ruth 
L,,  born  March  23,  1883:  Hazel,  who  was 
born  March  24,  1887,  and  died  March  28, 
of  the  same  year :  and  Margaret,  born  De- 
cember 14,  1888. 

In  politics,  the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a 
supporter  of  the  Republican  party,  but  is 
averse  to  mingling  national  with  local  is- 
sues. His  religious  connection  is  with  St. 
Mark's  Episcopal  Church,  In  fraternal 
circles,  the  doctor  is  identified  with  the  A. 
F.  &  A.  M.,  belonging  to  the  R,  A,  M.,  and 
Knights  Templar  organizations.  He  is  also 
affiliated  with  the  Knights  of  Pythias,  the 
U.  O.  F. ;  the  I.  O.  O.  F. :  and  the  Colum- 
bian Knigfhts. 


ANDREW  J.  BROWN. 

Andrew  J.  Brown  (deceased),  one  of  the 
oldest  and  most  favorably  known  citizens  of 
Evanston,  111.,  and  a  lawyer  of  distinction, 
was  a  native  of  the  State  of  New  York, 
born  at  Cooperstown,  in  that  State,  in  1820. 
Mr.  Brown  received  his  early  education  in 
the  common  schools  of  his  native  place,  and 
subsequently  studied  law  with  Robert 
Campbell,  of  Cooperstown,  In  the  autumn 
of  1840,  he  removed  to  Illinois  and  settled 
in  De  Kalb  County,  where,  on  his  twenty- 
first  birthday,  he  was  elected  Probate  Judge 
of  that  county. 

After  remaining  four  years  in  De  Kalb 
County,  Judge  Brown  located  in  Chicago, 
where  he  rapidly  built  up  a  remunerative 
practice.  In  1850,  he  entered  into  a  law 
partnership  with  the  late  Harvey  B.  Hurd, 
of  Evanston,  which  was  continued  until 
1854,  Soon  after  entering  into  this  part- 
nership he  became  interested  in  North  Shore 


566 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


realty,  and  about  the  year  1863,  became  the 
owner   of   a   tract   of   land   containing   248 
acres,  which  mainly  constitutes  the  site  of 
the  present  city  of  Evanston.     In  1850  Mr. 
Brown,   in   conjunction   with   Grant   Good- 
rich, Dr.  John  Evans,  Orrington  Lunt,  and 
others,  took  part  in  a  conference  held  in  the 
city  of  Chicago,  to  consider  the  founding 
of  "a  university  in  the  Northwest  under  the 
patronage     of     the     Methodist     Episcopal 
Church."     Mr.  Brown  served  as  Secretary 
of  this  conference,  was  appointed  a  member 
of  the  committee  to  propose  a  form  of  char- 
ter   which    was    adopted    at    a    subsequent 
meeting,  and  still  later,  in  an  act  passed  by 
the   Legislature   in   January,    185 1,   author- 
izing the  establishment  of  such  an  institu- 
tion, was  named  as  a  member  of  the  First 
Board  of  Trustees.    As  one  of  the  incorpo- 
rators he  assisted  in  the  formal  incorpora- 
tion of  the  new  institution,  meanwhile  serv- 
ing as  Secretary  of  the  Board.    Two  years 
later  ( 1853)  he  took  a  prominent  part  in  the 
search  for  a  permanent  site  for  the  LTniver- 
sity,  which,  on  or  about  the  Fourth  of  July 
of  that  year,  resulted  in  the  selection  of  the 
present  location,  and  the   founding  of  the 
village  of  Evanston  named  in  honor  of  Dr. 
John  Evans,  at  that  time  President  of  the 
Board    of    Trustees    and    a    potent    factor 
in   the    founding   of  the   institution.     It   is 
claimed  that,  as  early  as  1852.  Mr.  Brown 
had     selected     this     as .   the     proper     site 
of  the  coming  university,  thus  anticipating 
the  views  of  his  colleagues  on  the  Board  of 
Trustees,  of  which  he  was  the  only  member 
then  living  in  Evanston.     After  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  L^niversity,  Judge  Brown, 
who  had  acquired  considerable  financial  re- 
sources, was  one  of  its  most  steadfast  sup- 
porters, and  became  security  for  many  of 
the  loans  negotiated  to  tide  it  over  the  emer- 
gencies  in   its  early  history.     The  land  in 
that  vicinity  which  he  purchased  early  in  the 
'sixties  in  anticipation  of  the  future  devel- 


opment of  his  educational  project,  was  dis- 
posed of  by  him  in  such  a  manner  as  to 
promote  the  best  interests  of  the  city  of 
Evanston,  and  to  him  is  largely  attributable 
the  reputation  which  Evanston  now  enjoys 
as  a  center  of  material  elegance,  intellectual 
culture,  and  sound  moral  sentiment. 

Mr.  Brown  was  married  to  Abigail  Mc- 
Tagg,  who  survives  her  husband,  as  do  also 
their  son  and  daughter,  Robert  P.  Brown, 
and  Mrs.  W.  A.  S.  Graham.  His  death,  as 
the  result  of  an  attack  of  grip,  occurred  at 
liis  home  in  Evanston  early  in  the  year  1906. 


PETER  CHRISTIAN  LUTKIN. 

Peter  Christian  Lutkin,  whose  career  in 
technical  music  during  the  twenty-five  years 
which  have  passed  since  his  first  connection 
with  Northwestern  University,  has  given 
him  a  high  reputation  throughout  the  West 
as  a  master  of  that  art,  is  a  native  of  Wis- 
consin, born  at  Thompsonville,  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  Racine,  that  State,  March  27,  1858. 
His  father  and  mother,  who  were  of  Danish 
nativity,  came  to  the  LInited  States  in  1844. 
In  1859,  they  moved  from  the  small  village 
where  their  son  Peter  was  born  to  Racine, 
and  thence,  in  1863,  to  Chicago,  where  they 
spent  the  remainder  of  their  lives.  Both 
died  in  1872. 

Before  the  death  of  his  parents,  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  had  made  diligent  use  of 
the  opportunities  for  mental  training  af- 
forded by  the  Chicago  public  schools,  and 
had  been  for  one  year  a  pupil  in  a  select 
school  in  that  city.  On  being  left  an  or- 
phan when  just  entering  upon  his  'teens, 
further  attendance  at  school  became  impos- 
sible. He  had  gained  some  experience, 
however,  at  an  earlier  age,  as  boy-alto  in 
the  choir  of  the  Cathedral  of  SS.  Peter  and 
Paul,  in  Chicago.  He  was  the  first  boy  to 
sustain  that  part  in  the  church  choirs  of  the 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


567 


city,  as  he  was  also  the  first  one  of  his  age 
in  this  section  of  the  country  to  render  solos 
in  oratorio  music.  He  was  then  nine  years 
old,  and  three  years  later,  without  previous 
tuition,  he  presided  at  the  cathedral  organ 
during  the  regular  daily  services.  At  the 
age  of  thirteen  years,  in  conjunction  with 
W.  F.  Whitehouse,  a  son  of  Bishop  White- 
house,  he  played  that  instrument  in  the 
cathedral  on  occasions  of  Sunday  worship. 
He  was  then  appointed  organist  of  the  ca- 
thedral when  fourteen  years  old,  and  acted 
in  that  capacity  for  nine  years.  During  this 
period  he  had  studied  with  Clarence  Eddy, 
Regina  Watson  and  Frederick  Grant  Glea- 
son  in  organ,  piano,  and  the  theory  of  music, 
respectively. 

On  going  to  Europe  in  1881,  Mr.  Lutkin 
became  a  pupil  of  .August  Haupt,  Oscar 
Raif  and  Waldemar  Bargiel,  in  Berlin,  in 
the  respective  branches  of  organ,  piano  and 
composition.  In  1882  he  took  a  course  in 
the  Hochschule,  in  that  city,  and  was  one  of 
the  sixteen  students  (he  being  the  only  for- 
eigner) accepted  for  the  study  of  theory  and 
composition  in  the  Royal  Academy  of  Arts, 
Berlin.  Later  he  went  to  Vienna,  where  he 
attended  the  piano  classes  of  Theodor 
Leschetitzky ;  and  subsequently  visited 
Paris,  there  becoming  a  pupil  of  Moszkows- 
ky,  in  piano  and  composition.  ]\Ir.  Lutkin 
then  returned  home  and  received  the  ap- 
pointment of  organist  and  choirmaster  of 
St!  Clement's  Church,  in  Chicago.  From 
1890  to  1896,  he  acted  in  the  capacity  of 
organist  of  St.  James'  Episcopal  Church,  in 
the  same  city,  which  established  the  stand- 
ard for  ecclesiastical  music  in  this  section 
of  the  country. 

Before  entering  upon  his  studies  in  Eu- 
rope, Professor  Lutkin  had  been  a  teacher 
of  piano  in  the  Conservatory  of  Music  in 
Evanston,  and  after  his  return  to  this  coun- 
try, he  was  for  a  considerable  period  the 


principal  theory  teacher  in  the  American 
Conservatory  of  Music  in  Chicago.  In 
1 891,  while  temporarily  retaining  his  con- 
nection with  the  latter  institution,  he  was 
placed  in  charge  of  the  Conservatory,  to 
which  he  devoted  a  portion  of  his  time,  re- 
organizing the  school  and  soon  uplifting  it 
from  a  state  of  deterioration  to  a  condition 
of  high  efficiency  and  prosperity.  In  1892 
Professor  Lutkin  resigned  his  position  in 
the  American  Conservatory,  and  was  for- 
mally appointed  Director  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Music  of  Northwestern  University 
and  Professor  of  Music  in  the  College  of 
Liberal  Arts.  Five  years  later  the  progress 
of  the  Department  warranted  its  reorganiza- 
tion as  a  separate  School  of  the  University, 
with  Professor  Lutkin  as  Dean  of  the  new 
faculty.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of 
the  LTniversity  Club,  and  received  the  degree 
of  Mus.  D.  from  Syracuse  LTniversity  in 
1901. 

The  Evanston  Musical  Club  was  organ- 
ized by  Professor  Lutkin  during  the  'nine- 
ties, and  he  has  acted  as  its  director  since 
1895.  He  was  director  as  well  of  the  Ra- 
venswood  Musical  Club  from  1897  to  1905. 
and  that  society  made  signal  progress  under 
his  leadership.  These  two  organizations 
were  awarded  $4,500  in  prizes,  during  com- 
petitions held  at  the  Louisiana  Purchase 
Exposition  at  St.  Louis  in  1904.  Professor 
Lutkin  is  the  composer  of  music  to  a  con- 
siderable extent  for  use  in  the  worship  of 
the  Episcopal  Church,  to  which  denomina- 
tion he  belongs,  and  some  of  his  composi- 
tions are  used  in  the  services  of  the  Estab- 
lished Church  of  England.  Although  an 
Episcopalian,  he  was  chosen  as  one  of  the 
two  musical  editors  engaged  on  the  revision 
of  the  hymnal  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  a  fact  which  notably  attests  the 
rank  generally  conceded  to  him  in  the  musi- 
cal profession. 


568 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


CHESTER  P.  WALCOTT. 

Chester  P.  Walcott  (deceased),  for  a 
number  of  years  one  of  the  most  worthy, 
useful  and  highly  esteemed  citizens  of 
Evanston,  111.,  was  born  in  Providence.  R. 
I.,  November  24,  1859,  the  son  of  Erastus 
L.  and  Harriet  (Pratt)  Walcott.  Mr. 
Walcott  was  reared  in  his  native  place, 
where,  in  early  youth,  he  made  diligent  use 
of  the  opportunities  afiforded  by  the  public 
schools.  In  1876,  he  located  in  Chicago, 
and  sometime  afterwards  became  connected 
with  the  business  of  dealing  in  plumbers' 
supplies.  For  many  years,  in  partnership 
with  Mr.  Hurlbut,  he  carried  on  a  large 
business  under  the  firm  style  of  Walcott, 
Hurlbut  &  Co.,  being  identified  with  the 
trade  in  this  line  until  the  time  of  his  death, 
which  occurred  April  25,  1899.  He  had  es- 
tablished his  residence  in  Evanston  in  the 
spring  of  189 1,  and  there  passed  away  at 
his  home.  No.  11 14,  Judson  Avenue.  Al- 
though a  quiet,  undemonstrative  man,  Mr. 
Walcott  was  energetic  in  the  conduct  of  his 
afifairs,  in  which  he  manifested  superior 
business  capability  and  won  merited  success. 

October  2-].  1881,  Mr.  Walcott  was  unit- 
ed in  marriage,  at  the  Fourth  Presbyterian 
Church  in  Chicago,  with  Martha  C.  Howe, 
a  daughter  of  Samuel  Howe,  one  of  the 
pioneer  grain  merchants  of  that  city.  The 
children  born  of  this  union  are :  Chester  H. 
Walcott,  who  graduated  from  Princeton 
University  with  the  class  of  1905 ;  and  Rus- 
sell S.  Walcott,  who  is  a  high  school  student 
in  Evanston.  Mr.  Walcott  was  reared  an 
Episcopalian,  but  after  his  marriage  united 
with  the  Presbyterian  Church,  to  which  de- 
nomination his  wife  belonged  and  with 
which  she  is  still  connected.  On  settling 
in  Evanston  he  became  a  member  of  the 
First  Presbyterian  Church,  and  took  a 
prominent  part  in  promoting  its  welfare. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees 


and  of  its  building  committee.  He  was  also 
a  member  of  the  committee  which  extended 
the  call  to  the  Rev.  Dr.  Boyd  to  become 
pastor  of  the  church,  in  which  relation  that 
gentleman  still  officiates. 

Socially,  Mr.  Walcott  was  identified  with 
the  Evanston  Club.  He  had  a  wide  ac- 
quaintance, and  his  genial  nature,  kindly  de- 
portment and  helpful  disposition,  attracted 
to  him  hosts  of  friends.  By  those  who 
were  brought  into  intimate  contact  with  him 
in  the  daily  walks  of  life,  he  was  regarded 
with  warm  afifection,  and  his  unswerving 
probity  and  sterling  traits  of  character 
commanded  the  sincere  respect  of  all  with 
whom  he  had  business  transactions. 


COL.  NATHAN  H.  WALWORTH. 

Col.  Nathan  H.  Walworth  (deceased), 
formerly  one  of  the  most  prominent,  popu- 
lar and  widely  known  citizens  of  Evanston, 
111.,  was  born  in  Western  (now  Rome), 
Oneida  County,  N.  Y.,  February  14,  1832, 
the  son  of  Elisha  and  Sarah  (Halbert) 
Walworth,  natives  of  New  York  State. 
Elisha  Walworth  was  a  farmer  and  manu- 
facturer by  occupation.  The  Walworth 
family  was  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  noted 
in  the  Empire  State,  and  among  its  most 
distinguished  representatives  was  the  emi- 
nent jurist.  Chancellor  Walworth. 

The  boyhood  of  Nathan  H.  Walworth 
was  passed  on  the  paternal  farm  in  the  Mo- 
hawk Valley,  and  he  received  his  primary 
training  in  the  public  schools  in  the  vicinity 
of  his  home.  His  education  was  completed 
at  Rome  Academy  and  in  Cazenovia  Semi- 
nary. He  remained  on  the  farm  during  his 
youth  and,  when  about  twenty-two  years 
of  age,  after  finishing  his  studies,  he  came 
west  to  Fulton  County.  111.,  where  he  oper- 
ated a  large  farm  in  1855  and  1856.  At  a 
later  period  he  went  to  Oneida,  Knox  Coun- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


569 


ty,  where  he  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits. 
In  Oneida  he  was  prominent  both  as  a  mer- 
chant and  as  a  citizen,  serving  as  Supervisor 
of  his  town,  and  filHng  other  positions  of 
trust  and  responsibility.  While  in  New 
York,  Col.  Wadsworth  had  some  experience 
as  Captain  of  Artillery,  in  the  National 
Guard  of  that  State,  and  in  the  early  sum- 
mer of  1861,  organized  a  company  of  infan- 
try for  service  in  the  Union  Army.  This 
company  became  a  part  of  the  Forty-second 
Regiment,  Illinois  \'olunteer  Infantry,  in 
which  he  was  commissioned  as  Captain  July 
22,  1861.  In  December  of  that  year  he  was 
promoted  as  Major,  and  in  October,  1862, 
became  Lieutenant  Colonel.  On  February 
15,  1863,  he  was  promoted  to  the  Colonelcy 
and  was  constantly  in  command  of  his  reg- 
iment from  the  time  he  became  Major  until 
J\lay  15,  1864,  when  he  resigned.  At  the 
battles  of  Chickamauga  and  Mission  Ridge 
he  commanded  a  brigade.  His  services  in 
the  field  began  under  Fremont  and  Hunter 
in  Missouri.  In  February,  1862,  he  was 
sent  to  reinforce  Grant  at  Fort  Donelson, 
and  was  then  ordered  down  the  Mississippi 
River  to  Island  No.  10.  There  he  con- 
ceived the  idea  of  surprising  the  Confeder- 
ate water  battery,  located  above  the  bend  of 
the  river.  His  suggestion  was  carried  out 
by  Col  Roberts  in  the  famous  exploit  of 
April  I,  1862,  in  which  the  guns  of  the  bat- 
tery were  spiked,  and  our  gunboats  ran  the 
gauntlet  at  the  island,  cutting  ofif  the  retreat 
of  the  Confederates  and  compelling  them  to 
surrender.  The  regiment  was  later  engaged 
in  the  siege  of  Nashville,  and  became  part 
of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland.  Col.  Wal- 
worth was  a  close  personal  friend  of  Gen. 
Sheridan,  who  relied  much  on  his  military 
judgment. 

After  leaving  the  army,  Col.  Walworth 
returned  to  Oneida,  111.,  where  he  became 
a  stock  breeder  in  that  vicinity,  and  operated 
a  lumber  vard  in  the  town,  which  he  con- 


ducted until  1868.  In  that  year  he  located 
in  Chicago  with  C.  H.  Conger,  and  was 
largely  interested  in  the  firm  of  Conger, 
Walworth  &  Co.,  lumber  dealers.  About 
the  same  time  the  firm  purchased  the  busi- 
ness of  Roberts,  Calkins  &  Hull,  and  Col. 
Walworth  having  bought  the  Conger  inter- 
est, the  firm  became  Bushnell,  Walworth  & 
Reed  in  1871.  In  1875  the  company 
engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  lumber 
at  Cedar  Springs,  Mich.,  and  also  estab- 
lished lumber  yards,  drying  kilns,  etc.,  at 
that  place,  where  it  conducted  business  un- 
til 1880.  The  Chicago  yard  was  sold  in 
1876,  and  Mr.  Bushnell  withdrew  from  the 
firm.  Mr.  Reed  became  President  and  the 
concern  carried  on  a  retail  lumber  business 
at  a  dozen  or  more  points  in  Nebraska, 
having  a  trade  in  the  aggregate  of  30,- 
000,000  feet  of  lumber  per  year.  The  firm 
abandoned  the  lumber  business  in  1889, 
but  Col.  Walworth  and  Mr.  Reed  contin- 
ued together  in  the  real  estate  line  until  the 
death  of  the  former,  at  his  home  in  Evans- 
ton,  October  29,  1892.  They  were  also  the 
owners  of  large  live-stock  interests,  opera- 
ting an  extensive  ranch  at  Holdredge,  Neb. 
as  the  Holdredge  Live  Stock  Company. 
Besides  these  interests,  they  owned  mills 
at  Muskegon,  Mich.,  which  the  firm  had 
bought  in  187 1  and  continued  to  operate 
until  1885,  when  they  moved  to  Minneapo- 
lis. In  1880  the  firm  sold  a  half-interest  in 
the  Cedar  Springs  plant,  and  moved  the 
business  to  Montague,  Mich.,  and  in  1884, 
the  Walworth  &  Reed  Lumber  Company 
was  incorporated,  with  Col.  Walworth  as 
President. 

In  1855,  at  Delta,  N.  Y.,  Col.  Walworth 
was  united  in  marriage  with  Adelia  E. 
Cornish,  who  was  a  native  of  New  York 
and  a  daughter  of  Hosea  Cornish  of  that 
town.  Mrs.  Walworth  is  the  only  surviv- 
ing member  of  the  family,  although  she 
and   her   husband   cared    for   and   educated 


570 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


several  children.  Politically,  Col.  Wadworth 
was  an  earnest  supporter  of  the  principles 
of  the  Republican  party.  Socially,  he  was 
a  prominent  member  of  the  Loyal  Legion ; 
the  Union  League'  and  Evanston  Clubs ; 
and  the  George  H.  Thomas  Post,  G.  A.  R. 
His  religious  connection  was  with  the  Con- 
gregational Church.  Throughout  his  ac- 
tive career,  the  strain  of  his  varied  and  ex- 
tensive business  responsibilities  was  inces- 
sant and  severe,  and  he  found  it  necessary, 
in  1888-89,  to  indulge  in  a  vacation  for  the 
benefit  of  his  health,  spending  the  period 
in  European  travel. 

It  was  the  nature  of  Col.  Walworth  to 
be  kindly  and  helpful,  and  his  friends 
loved  him  as  few  men  are  loved.  He  was 
ever  charitable  and  took  special  interest  in 
assisting  young  men.  He  was  steadfast  in 
friendship  and  devoted  to  his  old  comrades 
in  arms.  His  home  life  was  ideal,  and  his 
intercourse  with  his  wide  acquaintance  was 
befitting  the  character  of  a  brave  soldier 
and  chivalrous  gentleman. 


RICHARD  CONOVER  LAKE. 

Richard  C.  Lake,  retired,  Evanston, 
111.,  was  born  in  Montour  County,  Pa., 
July  20,  1846,  the  son  of  James  and  Han- 
nah (Dey)  Lake,  natives  of  the  State  of 
Pennsylvania.  Mr.  Lake  is  most  fortunate 
in  his  ancestry.  On  the  paternal  side,  he 
is  a  descendant  of  John  Lake,  one  of  the 
Lady  Deborah  Moody  party  who  consti- 
tuted the  first  English  settlement  on  Long 
Island  in  1643;  the  line  of  descent  being 
from  John  through  Daniel,  John,  Richard, 
Benjamin  and  James  to  Richard  C.  On  the 
maternal  side,  the  Dey  family  are  Holland 
Dutch,  and  were  among  the  first  emigrants 
to  land  in  New  Amsterdam,  now  New 
York  City.  Dey  Street  is  named  for  this 
family.     Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  through 


descent,  both  maternal  and  paternal,  as  well 
as  by  collateral  lines,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  is  related  to  many  of  the  most  prom- 
inent and  distinguished  families  known  to 
American  history,  among  them  being  the 
Randolphs,  Harrisons,  Berkleys,  etc. 

James  Lake,  the  father  of  Richard  C, 
was  a  well-known  agriculturist,  who  at  the 
time  of  his  decease  was  an  associate  Judge 
in  the  County  of  Columbia,  State  of  Penn- 
sylvania. Richard  C.  received  a  common 
school  education,  which  has  been  supple- 
mented by  study  in  later  years.  Until  he 
was  twelve  years  of  age,  his  youth  was 
spent  upon  a  farm.  He  then  went  to 
Espy,  Columbia  County,  Pa.,  where  he 
was  employed  by  a  mercantile  house  until 
his  seventeenth  year,  when,  in  company 
with  some  older  brothers,  he  removed  to 
Central  City,  Colo.  There  he  went  to  work 
for  a  mercantile  firm,  later  becoming  a 
partner  in  the  concern.  In  1877  he  dis- 
posed of  his  interest  and  embarked  once 
more  on  the  mercantile  sea  in  Deadwood, 
S.  D.  A  little  later  he  engaged  in  the  bank- 
ing business  in  that  city,  and  in  1879  was 
elected  President  of  the  First  National 
Bank.  For  twenty  years  thereafter  he  con- 
tinued in  this  business,  becoming  President 
of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Rapid  City, 
S.  D.,  in  1884,  and  later  President  of  a  bank 
in  Hot  Springs,  S.  D.,  and  another  at  Chad- 
ron.  Neb. 

On  September  14,  1871,  Mr.  Lake  was 
married  to  Mary,  daughter  of  John  R.  Ran- 
dolph of  Providence,  R.  I.,  whose  father 
was  a  cousin  of  the  celebrated  John  Ran- 
dolph of  Roanoake.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lake 
were  the  parents  of  six  children:  Jessie, 
Amy  (now  Mrs.  Walter  G.  Pietsch),  Rich- 
ard Randolph,  Margaret,  George  Ernest 
(now  a  midshipman  in  the  U.  S.  Navy), 
and  Gertrude.  In  1893,  the  family  removed 
to  Evanston,  111.,  where  Mrs.  Lake  died 
September  14,  1894.     Shortly  after  coming 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


571 


to  Illinois,  Mr.  Lake  disposed  of  his  bank- 
ing interests  in  the  West,  but  was  made 
\'ice-President  of  the  Union  National 
Bank  of  Chicago,  which  relation  he  con- 
tinued to  occupy  for  nearly  two  years, 
when,  having  been  elected  President  of 
the  Masonic  Fraternity  Temple  Associa- 
tion, and  being  a  large  stockholder  therein, 
he  resigned  the  vice-presidency  of  the 
bank  and  took  personal  charge  of  the  Ma- 
sonic Temple  Building.  For  two  years 
thereafter — or  until  the  building  was 
placed  on  a  dividend-paying  basis — he  held 
this  position.  He  then  resigned,  and  since 
that  time  has  devoted  his  attention  exclu- 
sively to  his  private  business  affairs,  most 
important  among  which  may  be  mentioned 
the  Range  Cattle  Industry  in  South  Dakota 
and  Texas,  a  business  in  which,  for  the 
past  twenty  years,  he  has  been  interested 
to  a  greater  or  less  extent. 

On  February  9,  1899,  Mr.  Lake  was 
united  to  Helen  M.  Kitchell.  daughter  of 
Mrs.  E.  E.  Willis,  of  Evanston,  111.,  but 
there  is  no  living  issue  from  this  marriage. 
In  his  political  affiliations,  Mr.  Lake  is  a  Re- 
publican. He  is  a  thirty-second  degree  Ma- 
son, and  has  filled  nearly  every  position  in  the 
order.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Union 
League  Club  of  Chicago,  the  Glenview  Golf 
Club,  the  Evanston  Club,  and  the  Country 
Club  of  Evanston.  He  is  likewise  a  Direct- 
or of  the  Evanston  Free  Public  Library, 
and  a  member  of  the  School  Board  of  that 
city.  He  and  his  family  are  members  of  the 
Episcopal  Church. 


EDWARD  W.  LEARNED. 

Edward  W.  Learned,  a  prominent  resi- 
dent of  Evanston,  111.,  since  1865,  was  born 
in  the  town  of  Homer,  Cortland  County. 
N.  Y.,  April  30,  1823.  His  parents  were 
Edward  W.  and  Polly    (Briggs)    Learned. 


Edward  W.  Learned,  Sr.,  was  a  farmer  by 
occupation  and  the  son  was  reared  in  the 
neighborhood  made  famous  in  the  story 
of  David  Harum.  Here  he  enjoyed  the 
educational  advantages  of  the  common 
schools  of  Homer  and  Solon,  and  after  a 
course  in  the  Cortland  Academy  at  Homer, 
in  his  early  manhood  engaged  in  teaching. 
He  came  west  in  1845,  locating  at  Racine, 
Wis.,  on  June  5,  of  that  year.  His  elder 
brother  had  come  to  this  section  the  year 
before,  and  he  took  a  tramp  beyond  Rock 
River  to  visit  some  old  New  York  friends. 
There  he  hired  out  to  a  farmer  who  lived 
near  what  was  then  Southport,  but  is  now 
Kenosha.  He  worked  there  at  $12.50  per 
month,  taught  school  the  following  winter 
and.  when  the  term  was  over,  went  to  Port 
Washington,  where  he  and  his  brother  en- 
tered government  land,  receiving  a  deed 
therefor  from  President  James  K.  Polk. 
Mr.  Learned  still  owns  this  farm. 

Except  for  a  period  of  six  years  spent  in 
California,  Air.  Learned  remained  in  Wis- 
consin, engaged  in  building  and  farming, 
for  twenty-one  years.  He  went  to  Califor- 
nia in  185 1,  sailing  from  New  York  and 
rounding  Cape  Horn.  The  voyage  from 
New  York  to  San  Francisco  consumed  155 
days,  and  during  this  period  thirteen  bur- 
ials at  sea  and  ten  cases  of  yellow-fever 
came  under  his  observation.  He  was  en- 
gaged in  the  building  line  in  San  Francis- 
co and  Sacramento  five  years,  was  connect- 
ed with  the  Vigilantes,  and  made  money 
rapidly.  In  1857  he  returned  from  Cali- 
fornia, via  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  and  re- 
turned to  Port  Washington  where  he  re- 
sumed building  and  continued  in  this  line 
until  1866,  when  he  came  to  Evanston. 
Here  he  was  actively  engaged  in  building 
operations  until  he  retired  from  business. 
Prior  to  his  removal  to  Evanston  (in  1865) 
he  built  the  second  brick  residence  in  Ev- 
anston.    He  put   up   several  buildings   for 


572 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


himself,  and  made  judicious  investments 
in  real  estate.  He  also  conducted  a  grocery 
in  Evanston  for  a  time,  and,  by  diligent  ef- 
fort, secured  a  competency  for  old  age. 

In  1857.  Mr.  Learned  was  married  in 
Homer,  X.  Y.,  to  Carrie  M.  Shuler,  a 
daughter  of  Jacob  Shuler,  of  that  place. 
Their  only  child  was  Ella  Elizabeth 
(Learned)  Betts,  who  died  in  1884,  leaving 
an  infant  son,  who  died  seven  weeks  later. 
Politically,  Mr.  Learned  is  a  Republican. 
He  served  one  term  of  four  years  as  Jus- 
tice of  the  Peace,  and  was  also  a  member  of 
the  city  auditing  board.  His  religious  con- 
nection is  with  the  First  Methodist  Church. 


JOHN  R.  VAN  ARSDALE. 

John  R.  Van  Arsdale  (deceased),  for 
eighteen  years  one  of  the  most  favorably 
known  citizens  of  Evanston,  111.,  was  born 
in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  Alarch  10,  1824, 
and  was  reared  in  his  native  place,  where  he 
received  his  early  training  in  the  public 
schools,  and  where  he  also  gained  his  first 
business  experience.  In  1869  he  moved 
west  to  Illinois,  and  locating  in  Chicago, 
was  first  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
wall  paper,  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  M. 
A.  Howell  &  Company.  From  1870  to 
1872,  he  was  a  grain  commission  merchant 
and  an  operator  on  the  Chicago  Board  of 
Trade.  In  1873.  he  became  connected  with 
the  Mutual  Benefit  Life  Insurance  Com- 
pany of  Chicago,  of  which,  in  1876,  he  was 
appointed  cashier.  This  position  he  filled 
until  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred 
February  15,  1890.  He  passed  away  at 
his  residence  on  Ridge  Avenue,  Evanston, 
where  he  had  established  his  home  in 
1872.  During  the  seventeen  vears  of  his 
connection  with  the  above-mentioned  com- 
pany,  he   was   largely   instrumental    in   ad- 


vancing its  interests  to  a   high   degree  of 
prosperity. 

In  1857,  Mr.  Van  Arsdale  was  united  in 
marriage  with  Mary  E.  Tannehill,  of 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y..  and  their  union  resulted 
in  the  following  named  children :  Robert 
T.,  a  resident  of  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. ; 
William  T.,  who  is  engaged  in  business  in 
Chicago,  and  maintains  his  residence  in 
Evanston  ;  John  R.,  Jr.,  who  is  also  a  busi- 
ness man  of  Chicago  and  lives  in  Evans- 
ton;  Isabella  (Mrs.  Sutphen)  of  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.,  and  Mary,  whose  home  is  in  Evans- 
ton. In  his  religious  associations  Mr.  Van 
Arsdale  was  an  attendant  upon  the  services 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  He  was  a 
man  of  excellent  traits  of  character,  superi- 
or business  capacity  and  scrupulous  integ- 
rity, and  enjoyed  the  sincere  respect  and 
unreserved  confidence  of  all  who  made  his 
acquaintance. 


LUCIUS  A.  TROWBRIDGE. 

Lucius  A.  Trowbridge,  a  well-known 
banker  of  Chicago,  and  prominent  resident 
of  Evanston,  111.,  was  born  in  Danbury, 
Fairfield  County,  Conn.,  April  10,  1847, 
the  son  of  Matthew  Thomas  and  Agnes  K. 
(Sherman)  Trowbridge,  who  moved  from 
Connecticut  to  Illinois  in  1861,  settling  in 
Rockford,  where  the  former  passed  the  re- 
mainder of  his  life,  dying  in  KJ03.  Both  the 
Trowbridge  and  Sherman  families  are  of 
old  New  England  stock.  Lucius  A.  re- 
ceived his  early  education  in  the  public 
and  high  schools  of  Rockford,  111.,  and, 
after  finishing  his  studies,  was  employed  for 
two  years  as  a  clerk  in  the  "County  Book 
Store,"  in  that  city.  In  1863,  he  became 
bookkecj^er  in  the  private  bank  of  Spaf- 
ford  &  Penfield,  and  during  the  same  year 
this  bank  became  the  Third  National  Bank 


I 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


573 


of  Rockford.  Mr.  Trowbridge  remained 
with  it  in  various  capacities  for  twenty- 
seven  years.  He  was  successively  book- 
keeper, teller,  assistant  cashier  and  cashier, 
and  for  several  years,  was  also  a  director, 
and  one  of  the  principal  stockholders.  In 
1891,  he  resigned  his  position  as  cashier, 
in  order  to  engage  in  private  banking  in 
Chicago,  and,  in  1893,  founded  the  private 
banking  house  of  Lucius  A.  Trowbridge. 
This  was  succeeded  by  the  corporation  of 
Trowbridge  &  Co.,  in  1895,  with  Mr.  Trow- 
bridge as  President  and  D.  R.  Niver  as 
Secretary.  In  1900  the  corporate  name  was 
changed  to  that  of  The  Trowbridge  &  Niv- 
er Co.,  and  the  house  has  been,  and  still  is, 
largely  engaged  in  the  purchase  and  sale 
of  high-grade  municipal  and  corporation 
bonds.  From  the  outset  its  main  offices 
have  been  located  in  the  First  National 
Bank  Building,  in  Chicago,  while  a  branch 
office  is  maintained  in  Boston.  In  late  years, 
the  bonds  owned  and  ofifered  to  the  public 
by  The  Trowbridge  &  Niver  Company 
have  aggregated  millions  of  dollars  annual- 
ly. Mr.  Trowbridge  is  also  largely  inter- 
ested in  the  Twin  City  Telephone  Company, 
of  Minneapolis  and  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  on  be- 
half of  his  firm.  He  is  a  man  of  keen  per- 
ception and  excellent  business  judgment. 
On  June  9,  1881,  Mr.  Trowbridge  wa.s 
united  in  marriage  with  Carolyn  Frances 
Cobb,  a  daughter  of  George  Cobb,  whose 
early  home  was  at  Sauquoit.  X.  Y.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Trowbridge  have  three  daughters, 
namely :  Alice,  Jessie  and  Carolyn.  Relig- 
iously, Mr.  Trowbridge  has  been  for  manv 
years  a  prominent  and  active  member  of  the 
Baptist  Church.  He  is  widely  known 
throughout  the  State  of  Illinois  as  a  Sun- 
day School  worker  and,  in  1883.  was  Presi- 
dent of  the  Illinois  State  Sunday  School 
.■\ssociation.  He  is  also  active  in  the  work 
of  the  Y.  M.  C;  A.,  and  was  chairman  of 
the  Illinois  State  Executive  Committee  of 


that  organization  from  1891  to  1895.  He 
is  still  a  member  of  the  advisory  committee 
of  the  association.  Mr.  Trowbridge  estab- 
lished his  home  in  Evanston  in  1902.  and  is 
there  held  in  high  esteem. 


DORR  AUGUSTINE  KIMBALL. 

Dorr  A.  Kimball  (  deceased),  who 
was  for  many  years  one  of  the  most 
prominent  and  widely  known  business  men 
of  Chicago,  was  born  in  Dexter,  Jefferson 
County,  N.  Y.,  June  4,  1849,  the  son  of 
John  B.  and  Louisa  (Ryder)  Kimball.  His 
father  was  a  shoe  manufacturer  and  a  Jus- 
tice of  the  Peace  in  New  York  State,  and 
in  political  sentiment  a  zealous  Free-Soiler, 
deeply  interested  in  the  abolition  movement 
anrl  the  operations  of  the  "Underground 
Railroad,"  and  while  living  near  Sackett's 
Harbor,  frequently  aided  fugitive  slaves  to 
secure  their  freedom  by  escaping  to  Cana- 
da. Later  he  was  a  supporter  of  the  Gov- 
ernment in  the  war  for  the  preservation  of 
the  Union,  assisting  in  the  organization  of 
troops  for  the  suppression  of  the  rebellion. 
Oa  the  maternal  side,  the  Ryders  were  an 
old  family  of  New  York  State,  engaged  in 
agriculture. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  received  his 
education  in  the  public  schools,  and  when 
about  fifteen  years  of  age  obtained  a  clerk- 
ship in  a  store  at  Watertown.  X.  Y.,  where 
he  remained  a  year  when,  in  1865,  he  came 
to  Chicago  and  found  employment  as  office 
boy  with  Fox  &  Howard,  dredgers  and  con- 
tractors, continuing  in  this  business  until 
1874.  He  then  accepted  a  position  as  cash- 
ier with  Marshall  Field  &  Co..  which  he 
soon  exchanged  for  a  position  at  the  head 
of  the  general  credit  department  of  the 
same  firm,  retaining  the  latter  position  for 
the  rest  of  his  life,  covering  a  period  of 
nearly   thirty   vears.     His   long  connection 


574 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


with  the  most  important  department  in 
this  extensive  concern  indicates  the  estima- 
tion in  which  he  was  held  as  a  business 
man.  Gifted  with  a  retentive  memory  which 
enabled  him  promptly  to  recall  faces  and 
events,  his  judgment  and  integrity  were  im- 
plicity  trusted,  and  seldom,  if  ever,  at  fault. 
Soon  after  coming  to  Chicago,  Mr.  Kim- 
ball became  a  member  of  the  New  England 
Congregational  Church,  but  after  moving 
to  Evanston  in  1876,  transferred  his  mem- 
bership to  the  First  Congregational  Church 
of  that  city,  with  which  he  remained  identi- 
fied up  to  the  date  of  his  decease.  Although 
not  a  member  of  any  secret  society,  he  was 
identified  with  several  social  organizations, 
including  the  Evanston  Club,  the  Evanston 
Country  Club,  besides  various  literary  or- 
ganizations, being  Vice-President  of  the 
first  named  during  the  last  year  of  his  life. 
He  was  also  one  of  the  founders  and  most 
active  supporters  of  the  Home  for  Incura- 
bles, in  connection  with  which  he  served  as 
a  Director  from  its  establishment,  was  a 
member  of  the  Evanston  High  School 
Board,  a  Director  of  the  Evanston  Hospital 
and,  for  several  terms,  a  Trustee  of  the 
First  Congregational  Church.  He  was  es- 
pecially interested  in  the  welfare  and  happi- 
ness of  the  children — the  boys  and  girls — of 
his  home  city,  and  on  his  holidays  was  ac- 
customed to  lead  a  bicycle  club  of  little 
girls  about  the  city  and  adjoining  country, 
ending  the  trip  with  an  entertainment  at  a 
soda-fountain  or  an  ice-cream  parlor.  The 
affection  in  which  he  was  held  by  the 
younger  class  was  one  of  the  highest  trib- 
utes that  could  be  paid  to  his  character,  and 
affords  his  friends  a  pleasant  memory  of 
his  many  admirable  qualities  of  mind  and 
heart.     In  politics  he  was  a  Republican. 

Mr.  Kimball  was  united  in  marriage  in 
the  city  of  Chicago,  April  24,  187 1,  to  Miss 
Susie  Woodford,  daughter  of  Orin  F.  and 
Mary      A.      (Merrill)      Woodford  —  both 


branches  of  Mrs.  Kimball's  family  being  de- 
scended from  old  prominent  New  England 
families.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kimball  were 
born  three  sons  and  three  daughters,  of 
whom  two  sons — Harlow  M.  and  Dorr 
Edwin — and  one  daughter — Ruth  Merrill 
— are  now  living.  Of  the  other  three  chil- 
dren, two  died  in  infancy,  and  the  oldest 
born,  Leonice  Woodford,  in  1900,  at  the 
age  of  twenty-six  years. 

Mr.  Kimball's  death  occurred  suddenly 
on  May  20,  1903,  at  the  Sanitarium  at  Lake 
Geneva,  Wis.,  whither  he  had  gone  for 
treatment  for  a  nervous  affection,  and  was 
deeplv  deplored  by  a  large  circle  of  friends 
both  in  Evanston  and  Chicago  who  had 
learned  to  appreciate  his  high  business  in- 
tegrity and  his  many  admirable  traits  of 
character.  His  decease  called  forth  many 
tributes  to  his  memory. 

It  may  be  said  of  him  that  his  fidelity  and 
his  honesty  were  never  questioned.  He  was 
one  of  the  most  faithful  and  trustworthy  of 
citizens  in  every  relation  of  life.  His  de- 
portment in  all  the  relations  of  life  was  of 
the  highest,  and  he  was  interested  in  every- 
thing that  would  tend  to  the  betterment  of 
the  community  —  spending  freely  of  his 
means,  his  time  and  his  labor  for  the  up- 
building of  his  home  city  and  the  promo- 
tion of  the  public  good. 


LEWIS  CASS  TALLMADGE. 

Lewis  Cass  Tallmadge,  for  many  years 
one  of  the  most  prominent  and  favorably 
known  citizens  of  Evanston,  111.,  was  born 
in  Springfield,  Mass.,  January  23,  1842,  son 
of  Marcus  M.  and  .\bigail  (Andrews) 
Tallmadge.  Marcus  M.  Tallmadge  was  a 
man  of  independent  fortune.  In  politics,  he 
was  a  prominent  Democrat  and  an  intimate 
friend  of  Andrew  Jackson.  In  religion  he 
was  a  leading  Episcopal  churchman.     Gen. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


575 


Benjamin  Tallmadge,  the  grandfather,  was 
a  member  of  Washington's  staff.  Marcus 
A.  Talhnadge  moved  with  his  family,  at  an 
early  period,  from  Springfield,  Mass.,  to 
East  Granby,  Conn.,  where  he  made  his 
home  for  many  years.  He  had  a  son  and 
daughter,  who  were  respectively  named 
after  Andrew  and  Rachael  Jackson.  The 
old  family  homestead  was  destroyed  by  fire 
in  October,  1905,  and  with  it  were  con- 
sumed many  Revolutionary  and  other  his- 
torical relics  and  family  treasures.  Among 
these  were  miniature  portraits,  on  ivory,  of 
General  and  Rachael  Jackson,  presented  to 
their  namesakes. 

The  Tallmadge  family  in  New  England 
was  descended  from  James  Tallmadge.' 
who,  with  his  son  Robert,  came  from  Hol- 
land to  Boston  in  1630.  They  moved  to 
Connecticut  in  1639,  and  were  original 
grantees  of  lots  in  the  town  of  New  Haven. 
Many  of  the  Tallmadge  family  participated 
in  the  Revolutionary  War,  and  some  of  its 
representatives  have,  in  later  times,  become 
distinguished  in  professional  careers, 
among  them,  Rev.  T.  DeWitt  Tallmadge, 
the  noted  pulpit   orator. 

Lewis  Cass  Tallmadge  received  his  early 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  New 
Haven,  Conn.,  relinquishing  his  studies  at 
the  age  of  seventeen  years  in  order  to  enlist 
in  the  Union  Army,  where  he  served  in  a 
Connecticut  regiment.  After  the  war  was 
over,  he  went  to  Washington,  D.  C,  where 
he  obtained  a  position  in  the  War  Depart- 
ment, and  at  the  same  time  studied  law.  At 
a  later  period,  he  engaged  in  the  business 
of  adjusting  naval  claims,  which  he  fol- 
lowed to  a  considerable  extent  during  a 
residence  of  twenty  years  in  Washington 
and  thereafter.  He  was  also  interested  in 
real  estate  operations,  the  building  of  tele- 
phone lines  and  various  other  enterprises. 
In  1881,  Mr.  Tallmadge  located  in  Chicago, 
soon    afterwards   removing    to    Evanston, 


where  he  resided  until  the  time  of  his 
death,  which  occurred  in  Chicago,  October 
16,  1902. 

In  1874,  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
united  in  marriage,  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  with  Mary  Eliza  Eddy,  a  daughter 
of  Rev.  Dr.  Thomas  M.  Eddy,  then  Secre- 
tary of  the  Board  of  Missions  of  the  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church,  and  widely  known 
in  that  connection.  Dr.  Eddy  had 
previously  held  the  position  of  editor 
of  the  "Northwestern  Christian  Advo- 
cate," in  Chicago,  and  from  Chicago  went 
to  Baltimore,  where  he  became  pastor  of 
the  old  Charles  Street  Church,  and  after- 
wards built  the  beautiful  Mt.  Vernon 
Place  church,  and  served  as  its  pastor. 
Still  later,  he  was  pastor  of  the  Metropoli- 
tan Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  from  which  he  went  to 
New  York,  and  died  there  while  serv- 
ing as  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Mis- 
sions of  his  denomination.  He  was  one  of 
the  most  eminent  ministers  of  the  Meth- 
odist Church,  noted  alike  for  eloquence  in 
the  pulpit  and  rare  executive  ability  in  the 
conduct  of  church  affairs.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Tallmadge  became  the  parents  of  two  chil- 
dren, namely :  Thomas  Eddy  Tallmadge, 
of  Chicago,  and  Abbie  Louise  Tallmadge, 
of  Evanston. 

Politically  Mr.  Tallmadge  was  a  support- 
er of  the  Republican  party.  He  enjoyed  a 
wide  acquaintance  with  public  men,  and 
personally  knew  every  President  of  the 
L'nited  States,  from  Grant  to  McKinley, 
inclusive.  In  religion,  he  was  reared  an 
Episcopalian,  but  became  a  Methodist  while 
in  Washington,  and  was  a  communicant  of 
the  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  of 
Evanston.  Socially,  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Evanston  and  Country  Clubs ;  the  John 
A.  Logan  Post,  G.  A.  R. ;  and  the  Sons  of 
the    .American    Revolution. 


576 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


GEORGE  ALBERT  COE,  A.  M.,  PH.  D. 

George  Albert  Coe,  John  Evans  Profes- 
sor of  Moral  and  Intellectual  Philosophy, 
Northwestern  University,  Evanston,  111., 
was  born  March  26,  1862,  at  Mendon,  N. 
Y.,  son  of  the  late  Rev.  George  W.  Coe, 
for  about  forty  years  a  minister  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  The  Coe  an- 
cestrv  is  English.  The  first  member  of  this 
family  to  emigrate  to  America  came  to 
Boston  in  the  ship  Francis  in  1654.  The 
ancestry  on  the  side  of  the  mother  (Harriet 
\'an  Voorhis)  was  Dutch,  the  first  \'an 
Voorhis  ancestor  in  this  country,  coming 
from  Holland  to  the  Hudson  River  region 
in  the  year  1670. 

Mr.  Coe  graduated  with  degree  of  A.  B., 
from  the  University  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  in 
1884,  subsequently  receiving  the  degree  of 
A.  M.  from  the  same  university.  In  1887, 
after  three  years'  study  at  Boston  Univer- 
sitv,  he  received  from  that  institution  the 
degree  of  S.  T.  B.,  thereafter  remaining 
at  the  University  for  another  year  of 
graduate  study.  On  September  3,  1888,  he 
was  united  in  marriage  to  Sadie  E.  Know- 
land,  daughter  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Joseph 
Knowland,  of  Alameda,  Cal.,  and  during 
the  next  two  years  (1888-90)  was  a  pro- 
fessor in  the  University  of  Southern  Cali- 
fornia at  Los  Angeles.  Then,  having  been 
appointed  Jacob  Sleeper  Traveling  Fellow 
of  Boston  University,  he  spent  one  year 
(1890-01)  studying  at  the  University  of 
Berlin.  In  189 1  he  received  the  degree  of 
Ph.  D.  from  Boston  University,  and  the 
same  year  was  appointed  Acting  Professor 
of  Philosophy  at  Northwestern  University, 
two  years  later  being  appointed  the  John 
Evans  Professor  of  Moral  and  Intellectual 
Philosophy  in  that  institution,  which  he 
stilj  retains.  Professor  Coe  has  published 
numerous  articles  in  psychological  and 
theological  journals,  and  is  a  member  of  the 


American  Psychological  Association,  the 
American  Philosophical  Association,  and 
the  American  Association  for  the  Advance- 
ment of  Science.  He  is  the  author  of  the 
following  works:  "The  Spiritual  Life" 
(N.  Y.,  1900)  ;  "The  Religion  of  a  Mature 
Mind"  (Chicago,  1902)  ;  "Education  in  Re- 
ligion and  Morals"  (Chicago,  1904).  He 
has  also  delivered  numerous  popular  lectures 
on  educational  topics.  In  1900  he  was  Lec- 
turer on  the  Psychology  of  Religion  at  Bos- 
ton University  School  of  Theology,  and 
in  i(;02,  and  again  in  1903,  gave  courses  of 
lectures  at  the  summer  sessions  of  the  Har- 
vard Divinity  School  on  The  Psychology  of 
Religion  and  Religious  Education,  respect- 
ively. Professor  Coe  is  a  member  of  the 
First  Methodist  Church  of  Evanston. 


SADIE  KNOWLAND  COE. 

Sadie  Knowland  Coe,  late  Professor  of 
Piano  and  History  of  Music,  Northwestern 
University  School  of  Music,  Evanston,  111., 
was  born  in  San  Francisco,  Cal.  in  1864, 
the  daughter  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Joseph 
Knowland,  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  and  the  high  school  of  Alameda, 
Cal.,  and  studied  piano  with  Ernst  Hart- 
mann  of  San  Francisco,  and  still  later  with 
Carl  Baermann  and  J.  W.  Tufts,  of  Boston, 
On  September  3,  1888,  she  was  married  to 
George  Albert  Coe,  a  Professor  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Southern  California  at  Los  An- 
geles. During  the  academic  year  1889-90, 
she  was  in  charge  of  the  piano  department 
of  the  University  of  Southern  California, 
and  for  the  next  three  years  studied  music 
in  Germany — taking  instruction  in  piano 
music  with  Heinrich  Barth  and  Moritz 
Moskowski,  Theory  and  Composition  with 
Reinhold  Succo,  and  Ensemble  Playing 
with    Waldemar    Bargiel. 

Mrs.  Coe  came  to  Evanston  in  1893  and 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


577 


started  a  class  for  private  instruction  of 
pupils  in  piano  music,  but  was  invited  into 
the  faculty  of  the  University  School  of  Mu- 
sic as  Instructor  of  Piano,  with  which  she 
was  connected  eleven  years.  Besides  teach- 
ing piano,  she  developed  a  popular  depart- 
ment of  the  History  of  Music,  gave  numer- 
ous recitals,  and  appeared  often  with  the 
string  quartette,  repeatedly  bringing  out 
new  compositions,  or  those  heard  here  for 
the  first  time.  In  1901  she  was  advanced 
in  rank  to  Professor,  which  she  resigned  in 
1905  in  order  to  establish  a  private  school. 
She  was  under  appointment  as  Lecturer 
on  Musical  Aesthetics  in  the  College  of 
Liberal  Arts  at  the  time  of  her  death, 
which  resulted  from  cancer,  at  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal.,  August  24,   1905. 

Mrs.  Coe  was  exceedingly  active  in  pro- 
moting tnusic  as  a  means  of  popular  cult- 
ure. For  some  four  years  she  took  the  lead 
in  the  music  work  of  the  Evanston  Wom- 
an's Club,  conducting  or  organizing  each 
year  a  course  of  educational  programs  and 
recitals.  In  the  meantime  she  gave  numer- 
ous lecture  recitals  in  Evanston  and  else- 
where. Her  leading  topics  were  historical, 
such  as  Primitive  Music,  Music  of  the 
American  Indians,  and  the  several  music- 
dramas  of  Richard   Wagner. 

A  few  days  before  her  death  there  ap- 
peared from  the  press  of  the  Clayton  F. 
Summy  Company,  her  "Melodrama  of  Hi- 
awatha" for  speaking  voice  and  piano,  the 
text  being  from  Longfellow's  poem,  and  the 
music  being  based  upon  genuine  Indian 
themes.  This  composition  has  been  given 
repeatedly  in  Evanston,  and  a  number  of 
times  in  other  cities.  It  has  proved  itself 
possessed  of  great  beauty  and  emotional 
power.  Besides  being  a  brilliant  player  and 
an  able  teacher  and  lecturer,  Mrs.  Coe  was 
possessed  of  rare  executive  ability,  intellect- 
uality and  social  power.  Adhering  to  the 
same   faith  as   her  husband,   Prof.   George 


A.    Coe,   she   was   a  member  of   the   First 
Methodist  Church  of  Evanston. 


ALANSON  SWEET. 

Alanson  Sweet  (deceased),  pioneer  mer- 
chant and  legislator  of  the  Middle  West, 
and  former  well-known  citizen  of  Evans- 
ton, 111.,  was  born  in  Owasco,  Cayuga 
County,  N.  Y.,  March  12,  1804,  the  son  of 
Wilbur  and  Anna  (Leach)  Sweet.  Wilbur 
Sweet  was  a  skilled  stoneworker  by  occu- 
pation, and  was  also  engaged  in  agricul- 
tural pursuits.  His  son.  Alanson,  was 
reared  on  the  paternal  farm  and  trained  to 
farming,  besides  learning  the  stone-mason's 
trade.  On  the  maternal  side  he  was  de- 
scended from  Lawrence  Leach,  of  English 
ancestry,  who  settled  in  Salem,  Mass., 
eleven  years  after  the  landing  of  the  Pil- 
grims, and  was  in  the  Colonial  service  un- 
der Governor  Winthrop. 

Left  a  half  -  orphan  by  the  death  of 
his  mother  in  his  early  childhood,  Alanson 
Sweet  was  thrown  upon  his  own  resources 
at  the  age  of  fourteen  years.  He  had  had 
few  advantages  of  early  schooling,  but  be- 
ing naturally  studious,  as  a  result  of  self- 
training  he  became  a  man  of  broad  general 
information.  As  a  youth  he  had  a  varied 
experience,  an  incident  of  which  was  his 
service  as  driver  of  a  canal  boat  on  the  Erie 
Canal.  When  but  nineteen  years  of  age 
he  was  a  contractor  for  stone  work,  and  in 
this  connection,  held  Government  contracts. 
In  183 1  he  journeyed  to  Chicago,  and  was 
at  Fort  Dearborn  at  the  beginning  of  the 
Blackhawk  War.  He  was  First  Lieutenant 
of  a  company  of  volunteers  raised  in  Chica- 
go at  that  time,  to  aid  in  checking  the  rav- 
ages of  the  Indians,  and  in  this  connection 
rendered  considerable  active  service.  While 
in  Fort  Dearborn  he  saw,  for  the  first  time, 
Emily  Shaw,  who  had  just  arrived  in  Chi- 


5/8 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


cago  from  Xew  York  State,  and  who,  on 
account  of  the  threatened  danger,  had  tak- 
en refuge  in  the  fort.  It  was  a  case  of  love 
at  first  sight,  and,  in  1833,  they  were  united 
in  wedlock  at  St.  Joseph,  Mich.  Soon  after 
his  marriage,  Mr.  Sweet  engaged  in  build- 
ing and  other  enterprises  in  Chicago,  and 
was  one  of  the  earliest  real  estate  owners 
there.  He  built  the  first  two-story  frame 
house  in  Chicago,  and  had  the  first  inclosed 
grounds,  comprising  a  quarter  of  an  acre 
of  land  at  the  corner  of  Clark  and  Kinzie 
Streets. 

In  1835,  believing  that  on  account  of 
its  fine  harbor  and  other  advantages,  Mil- 
waukee was  destined  to  become  the  chief 
city  of  the  lakes,  he  moved  to  that  place, 
where  he  acquired  large  landed  interests 
and  became  a  leading  man  of  affairs.  For 
thirty-five  years  thereafter,  he  was  one  of 
the  foremost  citizens  of  Milwaukee,  pos- 
sessed of  ample  means,  conducting  e.xten- 
sive  enterprises  and  manifesting  great  ac- 
tivity in  every  field  of  efifort.  It  was  his 
design  to  build  up  a  new  city  and  commer- 
cial emporium.  Mr.  Sweet  held  many  po- 
sitions of  honor  and  trust  in  Milwaukee, 
and  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Wis- 
consin Territorial  and  State  Governments. 
He  served  as  one  of  the  five  members  of  the 
first  Territorial  Legislature,  and  was  chief- 
ly instrumental  in  locating  the  capital  of 
Wisconsin,  afterwards  named  Madison,  at 
"Four  Lakes."  He  improved  part  of  the 
harbor  of  Milwaukee,  and  constructed  a 
number  of  lighthouses  on  Lake  Michigan 
and  Lake  Superior.  Mr.  Sweet  was  a  close 
personal  friend  of  Governor  Doty,  the  first 
Governor  of  the  State,  and  co-operated  with 
him  and  other  noted  pioneers  in  laying  the 
foundations  of  a  great  commonwealth.  For 
many  years  he  was  the  leading  grain  mer- 
chant of  Milwaukee,  owning  large  eleva- 
tors and  handling  vast  quantities  of  grain 
annually. 


In  the  early  days,  Mr.  Sweet  was  an  ar- 
dent champion  of  water  as  against  railroad 
transportation,  and  was  among  the  pioneers 
who  were  unfriendly  to  railroad  enterprises. 
He  lived,  however,  long  enough  to  realize 
how  largely  the  latter  have  contributed  to- 
ward the  development  of  the  country.  Hav- 
ing met  with  reverses,  Mr.  Sweet  went  to 
Kansas  in  1870,  beginning  the  life  of  a 
farmer  again  at  Arkansas  City.  After  re- 
maining there  about  six  years,  he  relin- 
quished active  efforts  and  settled  in  Ev- 
anston,  where  he  passed  nearly  all  his  later 
life,  dying  in  Chicago  in  1891.  His  last 
days  were  spent  near  the  scenes  of  his  earli- 
est labors  in  Illinois.  On  the  spot  which  he 
had  beheld  in  all  its  original  barrenness, 
with  hardly  a  human  habitation  outside  of 
Fort  Dearborn,  he  saw  a  city  of  more  than 
a  million  people  spring  into  existence  al- 
most within  a  generation. 

The  faithful,  life-long  companion  of  Mr. 
Sweet  passed  away  in  Evanston  in  1892, 
and  the  only  surviving  members  of  this 
noted  pioneer  family  are  a  son  and  a 
daughter — George  O.  Sweet,  of  Chicago, 
and  Mrs.  Mary  (Sweet)  Taggart,  of  Ev- 
anston. 


OSCAR   H.   MANN. 

Oscar  H.  Mann,  M.  D.,  who  has  been 
one  of  the  prime  factors  in  the  develop- 
ment of  Evanston,  111.,  from  a  straggling, 
though  pretty  suburb  of  Chicago,  to  a 
handsome  city  and  a  seat  of  wealth  and 
culture,  was  born  in  Providence,  R.  I., 
Xovember  24,  1834.  His  parents,  Timo- 
thy M.  and  Eliza  (Tupper)  Mann,  were 
descended  from  families  conspicuous  for 
high  mental  and  moral  qualities.  Dr. 
Mann's  father  was  a  cousin  of  Horace 
Mann,  the  famous  educator  and  author, 
and  Martin  Tupper,  the  poet,  was  a  mem- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


579 


ber  of  the  family  from  which  the  mother 
of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  derived. 

When  Mr.  Mann  was  but  a  child,  his 
father  moved  to  Albany,  New  York,  and 
for  several  years  was  engaged  in  the 
transportation  business  on  the  Hudson 
River  and  the  Erie  Canal.  The  son  at 
this  period  attended  Whitesboro  College, 
Whitesboro,  N.  Y.,  and  then  pursued  a 
course  of  study  in  the  Medical  College  of 
the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York, 
where  he  received  his  diploma.  Similar 
degrees  were  also  conferred  upon  him  by 
Hahnemann  Medical  College  in  Chicago, 
and  the  Chicago  Homoeopathic  College. 

In  i860  Dr.  Mann  came  West  and  com- 
menced practicing  medicine  at  Shabbona 
Grove,  111.  From  1863  until  1866  he  prac- 
ticed in  Ottawa,  111.,  and  then  settled  in 
Evanston,  where  he  soon  attained  a  pro- 
fessional status  which  ranked  him  among 
the  leading  physicians  of  the  State  for 
more  than  thirty  years.  He  has  been 
President  of  the  Illinois  State  Homoeo- 
pathic Association,  and  has  filled  other 
positions  of  honor  and  trust.  Early  in 
his  career  he  became  interested  in  pro- 
moting public  enterprises  and  was  an 
earnest  advocate  of  honesty  and  economy 
in  municipal  government.  He  bought 
real  estate  and  improved  it  substantially, 
erecting  some  years  ago  what  is  still  one 
of  the  principal  business  blocks  in  the 
city.  He  served  as  a  member  of  the  Vil- 
lage Board  and  was  the  last  President  of 
that  body  before  the  incorporation  of  Ev- 
anston as  a  city.  He  was  one  of  the  chief 
organizers  of  the  waterworks  system, 
and  under  his  administration  the  City 
Hall  was  commenced  and  completed.  The 
annexation  of  South  Evanston  to  Evans- 
ton  was,  to  a  considerable  extent,  the  re- 
sult of  his  active  efforts,  in  conjunction 
with  those  of  other  public-spirited  men 
whose  sagacity  and  energy  made  the  city 


what  it  now  is.  He  became  the  tirst 
Mayor  of  the  city,  and  was  re-elected  to 
that  office,  serving,  in  all,  three  years,  and 
organizing  the  city  government  in  all  its 
departments.  To  him  was  largel}^  due 
the  satisfactory  settlement  of  the  tax  con- 
troversy between  the  city  and  the  North- 
western University,  the  bringing  to  the 
city  of  the  electric  railroad,  and  the  plan- 
ning and  beautifying  of  Fountain  Square. 
Shortly  after  his  second  term  as  Mayor 
expired,  in  1895,  ^^-  Maim  relinquished 
his  medical  practice,  and  moved  to  a  large 
stock  and  grain  ranch,  which  he  owned 
near  Pierre,  South  Dakota,  where  he  re- 
mained eight  years,  returning  to  Evans- 
ton in  1903.  Beyond  the. age  of  three- 
score and  ten  years,  he  is  now  living  in 
retirement,  enjoying  well  earned  repose 
and  the  esteem  of  all  his  fellow  citizens. 


FRANK  HERBERT  ANDERSON. 

Frank  H.  Anderson,  a  well  known  citi- 
zen of  Evanston,  111.,  where  he  is  now 
serving  as  City  Treasurer,  was  born  in 
Forest,  Ontario,  Canada,  October  11, 
1866.  He  is  a  son  of  Andrew  Sparahock 
and  Helen  (Jones)  Anderson,  both  of 
whom  were  natives  of  the  Province  of 
Ontario;  the  former  born  at  Prescott,  and 
the  latter  at  Kingston.  The  occupation  of 
Andrew  S.  Anderson  was  that  of  a  builder 
and  stockman.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
received  his  early  mental  training  in  the 
public  schools  in  the  vicinity  of  his  birth- 
place, and  remained  at  home  until  his 
schooling  was  completed.  He  then  pur- 
sued a  course  of  professional  study  in  the 
Ontario  Veterinary  College,  from  which 
he  was  graduated  in  1889,  beginning  the 
practice  of  veterinary  surgery  at  Evans- 
ton in  the  following  year. 

On  November  29,   1893,  ^I"".  Anderson 


58o 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


was  united  in  marriage,  at  Evanston,  with 
Anna  Margaret  Hartray,  who  was  born  in 
that  city,  December  2,  1S70.  She  was  a 
daughter  of  James  Hartray,  who  is  one  of 
the  earlier  settlers  of  Evanston.  Of  this 
marriage  there  were  two  children, 
namely :  Raymond  Francis,  born  Septem- 
ber II,  1804,  'iiifl  Ruth  Helen,  born  Jan- 
uary 18,  1898.  The  mother  of  these  chil- 
dren died  March  21,  1899. 

In  politics  Mr.  Anderson  is  an  earnest 
supporter  of  the  Republican  party,  and  is 
active  and  influential  in  its  local  councils. 
He  was  elected  City  Treasurer  of  Evans- 
ton in  1905,  and  is  still  the  efficient  incum- 
bent in  that  office.  He  has  served  in  the 
capacity  of  Assistant  State  Veterinarian 
of  Illinois,  since  1900.  In  fraternal  cir- 
cles, the  subject  of  this  personal  record  is 
identified  with  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  Religi- 
ously, he  is  an  adherent  of  the  Episcopal 
faith.  He  is  an  intelligent,  energetic  anil 
popular  man,  and  a  public-spirited  citizen. 


JAMES  MILTON  BARNES. 

James  Milton  Barnes,  who  is  one  of  the 
most  prominent  and  favorably  known  citi- 
zens of  Evanston.  111.,  was  born  at  Hope, 
A\'arren  County,  N.  J.,  December  29, 
1858,  the  son  of  Samuel  and  Sarah  Ann 
(Moore)  Barnes,  who  moved  from  the 
East,  in  i860,  to  Rochester,  Mich.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  received  his  early 
mental  training  in  the  public  schools  of 
Rochester,  Mich.,  and  there  his  childhood 
years  were  spent.  He  then  became  a  pu- 
pil in  the  Pontiac  (Mich.)  High  School, 
and  after  graduating  from  that  institu- 
tion, pursued  a  two  years'  course  of  study 
in  the  University  of  Michigan,  at  Ann 
Arbor.  Before  completing  his  education. 
Mr.  Barnes  applied  himself  to  teaching,  in 
which  occupation  he  continued  four  years. 


In  1883  he  entered  the  government  serv- 
ice, securing  a  position  in  the  Ap- 
praiser's office  in  Chicago,  where  he  re- 
mained five  years.  After  leaving  the  gov'- 
ernment  service,  he  went  into  the  employ 
of  Marshall  Field  &  Co.,  in  Chicago. 
While  thus  engaged  he  studied  law  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar.  Subsequently, 
he  was  made  attorney  for  Marshall  Field 
&  Co.,  and  at  a  later  period  became  head 
of  the  credit  and  legal  departments  in  that 
establishment,  which  position  he  now 
holds. 

On  December  25,  1885,  Mr.  Barnes  was 
united  in  marriage,  at  Rochester,  Mich., 
with  May  Curtis,  who  was  born  near  that 
place,  October  13,  i860.  Two  children 
have  been  born  of  this  union,  namely: 
Alyrtie  Adella,  born  April  22,  1887;  and 
Alice  May,  born  February  10,  i88g.  In 
politics,  Mr.  Barnes  is  a  supporter  of  the 
Republican  party,  and  in  religion  he  ad- 
heres to  the  faith  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church.  His  business  reputation  is 
of  the  best,  and  he  is  regarded  in  Evans- 
ton as  a  high-minded  and  public-spirited 
citizen. 


SARAH  H.  BRAYTON,  M.  D. 

Dr.  Sarah  H.  Brayton.  a  well  known 
and  highly  respected  practitioner  of  medi- 
cine in  Evanston,  111.,  is  a  native  of  Car- 
lisle. County  of  Cumberland,  England, 
where  she  received  her  elementary  educa- 
tion in  the  grammar  schools.  Her  par- 
ents came  to  the  United  States  during  her 
early  girlhood  and  settled  in  the  State  of 
New  York,  where  the  daughter  grew  to 
maturity.  As  she  approached  woman- 
hood, she  conceived  the  idea  of  becoming 
a  i)hysician,  and  intent  upon  the  belief 
that  the  avenue  of  her  usefulness  in  life 
lay  in  this  direction,  she  diligently  applied 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


581 


herself  to  a  course  of  medical  study, 
which  she  continued  four  years.  In  1875 
she  received  the  degree  of  M.  D.,  and  dur- 
ing the  same  year  began  the  practice  of 
her  profession  in  the  City  of  New  York. 
In  1876  she  was  appointed  Professor  of 
Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics  in  the 
Medical  College  for  Women  in  that  city, 
in  which  she  soon  attained  a  high  reputa- 
tion. She  was  also  signally  successful  in 
her  practice,  which  rapidly  increased. 
Work  in  that  city,  however,  proving  detri- 
mental to  her  health,  she  was  obliged  to 
relinquish  it.  While  on  a  visit  of  recrea- 
tion to  the  West  during  a  vacation  period, 
some  of  her  friends  in  Evanston  urged  lier 
to  resign  her  position  in  New  York,  which 
she  consented  to  do,  and  after  arranging 
her  affairs  in  the  East,  settled  in  Evans- 
ton,  and  has  ever  since  been  profession- 
ally and  socially  popular  in  her  adopted 
city,  where  her  practice  has  contmued  to 
meet  with  exceptionally  good  results. 

Dr.  Bray  ton  has  been  prominent  in  many 
important  and  meritorious  public  enter- 
prises, especially  in  securing  the  erection 
of  the  hospital  building  in  Evanston, 
which  is  now  one  of  the  most  creditable 
features  of  the  town.  She  is  a  member 
of  the  Illinois  State  Medical  Society ;  the 
Chicago  Medical  Society;  the  American 
Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science;  the  American  Public  Health  As- 
sociation ;  The  Fortnightly  of  Chicago, 
and  the  London  Lyceum  Club.  In  1891 
she  was  appointed  a  delegate  by  the  Aux- 
iliary Congress  of  the  World's  Colum- 
bian Exposition,  to  the  Seventh  Interna- 
tional Congress  of  Hygiene  and  Demogra- 
phy, held  in  London,  England.  In  1893 
she  was  elected  Chairman  of  the  Wom- 
an's Committee  of  the  International  Con- 
gress of  Public  Health,  which  convened 
with  the  annual  session  of  the  American 


Public  Health  Association,  in  Chicago, 
during  that  year.  In  later  years  in  ad- 
dition to  her  large  practice.  Dr.  Brayton 
has  devoted  much  time  to  the  establish- 
ment of  a  convalescent  home  for  women 
and  children  in  Evanston.  She  is  a  mem- 
ber and  Secretary  of  the  Evanston  Hos- 
pital Staff. 


CHARLES    LYMAN    \\'AY. 

Charles  Lyman  Way  (deceased),  a 
noted  expert  in  iron  and  steel  work, 
whose  residence  in  Evanston,  111.,  began 
at  the  time  of  the  great  Chicago  fire  of 
1871,  in  which  he  was  one  of  the  numer- 
ous sufferers,  was  born  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.,  November  7,  1818,  the  son  of  Wil- 
liam and  Betsy  ^Vay,  who  were  natives  of 
New  England,  ^\'illiam  \\'ay,  the  father, 
was  an  iron-worker  l:)y  occupation,  and 
was  the  first  man  in  that  line  of  work  to 
conceive  and  carry  into  eft'ect  the  idea  of 
manufacturing  carriage  hardware  for  the 
general  trade,  thereby  obviating  the  neces- 
sity of  making  each  part  as  needed.  Since 
that  time  this  branch  of  manufacture  has 
grown  into  vast  proportions.  \\'illiani 
Way  was  a  man  of  rare  skill  as  an  artisan, 
and  was  possessed  of  remarkable  energy 
and  strong  traits  of  character.  In  relig- 
ious belief  he  was  a  Methodist,  and  be- 
longed to  the  First  Methodist  Church  of 
New  Haven,  Conn.,  for  more  than  seventy 
3'ears,  being  a  class-leader  for  about 
sixty  years  of  that  period. 

The  early  mental  training  of  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  was  obtained  in  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  place,  and 
after  his  schooling  was  over,  he  was  em- 
ployed with  his  father  in  tjie  iron  works, 
until  lie  ac(|uire(l  an  intimate  knowledge 
of  that  art.     Fr(_im   1845  to  1855,  he  was 


582 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


superintendent  of  Peter  Cooper's  rolling 
mills  at  Trenton,  X.  J.,  and  in  the  latter 
year,  moving  to  Michigan,  acted  in  the 
same  capacity  in  connection  with  E.  B. 
Ward's  rolling  mills  '  at  Wyandotte  in 
that  State.  In  1863,  he  located  in  Chi- 
cago, where  he  assumed  the  position  of 
superintendent  of  the  North  Chicago 
Rolling  ]\Iills.  on  Clybourn  Avenue.  Sub- 
sequently for  more  than  twenty  years,  he 
served  in  the  capacity  of  steel  expert  for 
the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railway 
Company.  He  was  also  connected  with 
the  Pennsylvania,  and  other  railroad  com- 
panies, as  steel  expert. 

On  September  21,  185 1.  at  Trenton,  N. 
J.,  ^Ir.  A\'ay  was  united  in  marriage  with 
Margaret  C.  Raum,  who  was  bprn  in  that 
city,  July  23,  1829.  One  child  was  born 
of  this  union,  namely,  Kate  Virginia,  who 
was  born  April  27,  1858,  and  became  the 
wife  of  Roger  Barrett  McMullen,  on 
June  15,  1882.  In  politics  Mr.  Way  was 
a  supporter  of  the  Republican  party. 
Religiously,  he  was  reared,  in  the  place 
of  his  birth,  in  accordance  with  the  creed 
of  the  ]\Iethodist  Episcopal  Church,  but 
after  his  marriage  became  connected  with 
the  Baptist  denomination. 

Immediately  after  the  fire  of  1871,  Mr. 
Way,  abandoning  the  flaming  ruins  of 
Chicago,  established  his  home  in  Evans- 
ton,  on  October  9,  1871,  and  from  the 
time  of  his  removal  until  his  death  was  re- 
garded as  one  of  the  worthiest  and  most 
useful  members  of  the  community 
in  which  he  had  cast  his  lot  under  cir- 
cumstances so  peculiar.  He  was  a  man 
of  exceptional  purity  of  character  and 
scrupulous  sense  of  justice.  It  was  his 
habit  never  to  pass  an  adverse  opinion  on 
others,  and  if  nothing  good  was  to  be 
said,  he  said  nothing. 


JOSEPH  :\I.  LORIMER. 

Joseph  M.  Lorimer  (deceased),  who  was 
for  about  ten  years  a  well  known,  excep- 
tionally useful  and  highly  respected  citizen 
of  Evanston,  111.,  was  born  in  Pittsburg, 
Pa.,  September  6,  1891,  the  son  of  William 
F.  and  Rachael  (McMasters)  Lorimer,  who 
were  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  When  Jo- 
seph was  five  years  of  age,  the  family  went 
to  Nebraska,  and  after  remaining  there  a 
short  time,  settled  in  Leavenworth,  Kans., 
where  William  F.  Lorimer  was  engaged  in 
freighting  to  Denver.  He  afterwards 
moved  to  a  farm  in  the  vicinity  of  Leaven- 
worth, where  his  home  wa.s  situated  during 
the  Civil  war.  The  father  of  the  family 
and  four  sons  served  in  the  Union  army. 

When  Joseph  M.  Lorimer  was  eighteen 
years  of  age  he  located  in  Chicago  and,  as 
messenger,  entered  the  employ  of  Jones  & 
Laughlin,  the  Pittsburg  iron  manufacturers, 
who  had  established  a  branch  in  Chicago 
some  years  previously.  Mr.  Lorimer  was 
advanced  from  one  grade  to  another,  until 
some  years  before  his  death,  when  he  became 
manager  of  the  western  department  of  the 
business.  At  the  time  of  his  death,  which  oc- 
curred August  24,  1894,  he  had  been  in  the 
employ  of  Jones  &  Laughlin  nearly  twenty- 
five  years,  and  had  established  a  very  high 
reputation  as  a  business  man.  He  had 
charge  of  most  important  interests  in  this 
connection,  and  was  the  inventor  of  the 
Lorimer  column,  used  in  structural  iron 
work. 

Mr.  Lorimer  established  his  home  in  Ev- 
anston in  1884.  and  at  once  became  a  potent 
factor  in  promoting  the  best  interests  of  the 
citv.  Seldom  has  any  man.  in  a  residence 
so  comparatively  brief  in  duration,  im- 
pressed his  individual  worth  upon  the  hearts 
of  his  fellow  citizens  as  ■  strongly  as  did 
Mr.  Lorimer  upon  the  people  of  Evanston. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


583 


In  1876,  Mr.  Lorimer  was  united  in  mar- 
riage, at  Waukegan,  111.,  with  Fannie  L. 
Sherman,  a  daughter  of  the  Hon.  Alanson 
S.  and  Aurora  Sherman.  Mrs.  Lorimer's 
father  was  the  fifth  Mayor  of  Chicago,  and, 
at  a  later  period,  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  Northwestern  University.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Lorimer  became  the  parents  of  the  follow- 
ing named  children:  Helen  (Mrs.  Miller), 
of  Pittsburg,  Pa. ;  Robert  Sherman ;  and 
Joseph   McMasters   Lorimer. 

On  settling  in  Evanston,  Mr.  Lorimer 
took  an  active  part  in  church  and  educa- 
tional work.  He  was  a  most  active  and  use- 
ful member  of  the  First  Congregational 
Church,  a  liberal  contributor  to  its  needs, 
and  earnest  and  zealous  in  all  branches  of 
its  work.  He  was  a  member  of  the  official 
board  of  the  church,  and  his  Sunday  school 
efforts  were  highly  effective.  He  was  one 
of  the  organizers  of  the  Evanston  Y.  M.  C. 
A.  and  the  prime  mover  in  infusing  life  and 
energy  into  its  operations.  A  leading  spirit 
in  starting  the  movement  to  erect  its  build- 
ing, he  aided  the  construction  with  his  own 
means,  and  made  loans  to  others  for  the 
same  purpose.  For  several  years  ^Ir.  Lori- 
,mer  was  a  member  of  the  Evanston  School 
Board,  and  as  chairman  of  the  building 
committee,  had  charge  of  the  erection  of 
the  Lorimer  School,  thus  named  in  his 
honor  after  his  decease.  In  politics,  Mr. 
Lorimer  was  a  strong  Republican  and  took 
a  spirited  part  in  the  campaigns  of  his 
party.  He  was  a  member  of  the  L^nion 
League  Club  of  Chicago  and  a  director  of 
the  State  Bank  of  Chicago.  His  death  was 
deepl)'  deplored  as  an  irreparable  loss  to  the 
community,  and  his  memory  is  warmly 
cherished  by  all  who  closely  knew  him  and 
felt  the  wholesome  beneficence  of  his  life. 


ALANSON  FILER. 

Alanson  Filer,  a  venerable  and  highly 
esteemed  citizen  of  Evanston,  111.,  and 
one  of  the  few  survivors  among  the  orig- 
inal settlers  of  the  Middle  West,  was  born 
in  Herkimer  County,  N.  Y.,  March  10, 
1812,  the  son  of  Alanson  and  Patty 
(Dodge)  Filer,  the  former  born  Septem- 
ber 12,  1774.  and  the  latter  October  25, 
1784.  The  father  was  a  farmer  by  occu- 
pation. In  early  youth  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  attended  the  public  schools  of  his 
native  place  for  a  limited  period  only,  as, 
being  the  oldest  son,  his  services  were 
needed  to  assist  his  father  in  work  on 
the  farm.  After  having  remained  at 
home  until  he  was  fourteen  years  of  age, 
he  was  apprenticed  to  a  cabinet-maker, 
with  whom  he  remained  four  years.  His 
mother  furnished  his  clothing  during  the 
period  of  this  apprenticeship,  and  besides 
his  board,  he  received  from  his  employer, 
in  return  for  four  years'  service,  ten  cents 
in  wages  or  as  a  present.  At  the  end  of 
this  connection  he  went  to  Utica,  Oneida 
County,  N.  Y.,  to  serve  another  appren- 
ticeship lasting  until  he  reached  his 
majority,  when  he  journeyed  westward  to 
Chicago,    reaching    that    village    Julv    6, 

1833- 

On  November  22,  1835,  Air.  Filer 
moved  from  Chicago  to  Root  River  (now 
Racine),  Wis.,  where  he  made  his  home 
until  April.  1891,  when  he  moved  to 
Evanston,  111.,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
When  Mr.  Filer  located  at  Root  River, 
Wis.,  that  State  formed  a  part  of  Mich- 
igan Territory,  and  he  was  one  of  the 
pioneers  in  that  region.  He  is  now  prob- 
ably the  oldest  survivor  of  the  original 
settlers  of  Southeastern  Wisconsin. 

On  November  16,  1834,  Mr.  Filer  was 
united    in    marriage,    at    Chicago,    with 


584 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


Maria  Pilkington  Green,  who  was  born 
November  28,  i8og,  and  died  in  1889. 
Eight  children  born  of  this  union  were  as 
follows :  One  daughter,  born  in  October, 
1835,  and  who  died  in  infancy  unnamed ; 
Mary  A.,  born  February  22,  1837;  Agnes 
Julia,  born  August  g,  1840;  Charles  A., 
born  March  15,  1842;  Roxanna  M.,  born 
March  29,  1846;  Martha,  born  April  14, 
1849;  Samuel  H.  (date  of  birth  unknown)  ; 
and  Kittie  M.,  born  September  26,  1853. 
The  survivors  of  this  family  are  Agnes 
Julia  and  Martha,  whose  home  is  at  Man- 
istee, Mich.  Charles  A.  was  killed  in  the 
first  battle  of  Bull  Run,  and  "Charles 
Filer"  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  at  Racine,  Wis.,  is 
named  in  his  honor.  On  January  28, 
1893,  ■'^I''-  F'lei"  was  married  a  second 
time,  wedding  Elizabeth  Crews,  who  was 
born  and  reared  at  Fairfield,  111. 

In  politics.  Mr.  Filer  was  originally  a 
Whig,  but  became  a  Republican  in  1856, 
maintaining  his  association  with  that 
party  until  18S4.  when  he  joined  the  Pro- 
hibition party.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
lower  house  of  the  Wisconsin  Legislature 
in  1855,  and  served  as  Sergeant-at-arms 
of  the  Senate  of  that  State  in  1857.  Fra- 
ternally, he  belonged  to  the  order  of  Good 
Templars  in  the  'fifties,  and  held  the  office 
of  Grand  Worthy  Chief  Templar  until  the 
disruption  of  the  order,  about  the  time  of 
the  Civil  W'ar.  Religiously,  Mr.  Filer  is 
a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  with  which  he  united  in  1828. 
He  was  President  of  the  Board  of  Trus- 
tees of  the  First  M.  E.  Church  in  Racine, 
Wis.,  from  the  time  its  place  of  worship 
was  built  until  his  removal  to  Evanston. 
in  1891.  He  has  lived  an  exceptionally 
long,  upright  and  useful  life,  and  is  held 
in  the  highest  esteem  and  veneration  by 
all  who  know  him. 


MYRON  H.  BASS. 

Myron  H.  Bass  (deceased),  formerly 
one  of  the  most  worthy  and  highly 
esteemed  citizens  of  Evanston,  111.,  was 
born  in  Williamstown,  Vt.,  December  24, 
1836,  the  son  of  Joel  and  Catherine 
Wright  Bass,  natives  of  New  England, 
where  they  were  derived  from  Colonial 
ancestry,  Myron  H.  Bass  being  a  descend- 
ant in  the  seventh  generation  from  Sam- 
uel Bass,  who  settled  in  Roxbury,  Mass., 
in  1630,  and  was  for  many  years  a  deacon 
of  the  first  church  established  there.  Mr. 
Bass  remained  in  his  native  place  until 
he  was  18  years  of  age,  obtaining  his 
early  education  in  the  public  schools. 
His  primary  studies  were  supplemented 
by  an  academic  course  at  Meriden,  N.  H. 
In  1855,  Mr.  Bass  removed  to  Illinois,  to 
which  State  two  of  his  brothers  had  pre- 
ceded him — Perkins  Bass,  who  located  in 
Chicago,  and  another  brother,  Walter  B. 
Bass,  who  was  engaged  in  farming  in 
Will  County.  Mr.  Bass  owned  and  oper- 
ated a  farm  in  Kankakee  County  until 
1870,  when  he  moved  to  Chicago  and 
engaged  in  the  real  estate  business,  rep- 
resenting many  large  holdings.  He  con- 
tinued to  be  prominently  identified  with 
the  business  interests  of  Chicago,  al- 
though he  removed  to  Evanston  in  1884, 
which  was  his  home  during  the  remainder 
of  his  life. 

In  1863,  he  was  united  in  marriage,  in 
Will  County,  111.,  with  Ann  Elizabeth 
Kelly,  a  daughter  of  James  Ward  and 
Nancy  J.  Kelly.  In  1834  James  W.  Kelly 
moved  from  Greenbrier  County,  Va.,  to 
Illinois,  and  settled  in  Will  County.  At 
that  period,  the  Indians  were  numerous 
in  that  section  of  Illinois,  and  Mrs.  Bass, 
who  was  a  native  of  that  region,  has  vivid 
recollections    of    many    thrilling    experi- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


585 


ences  of  pioneer  life.  The  surviving 
members  of  the  family  born  to  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Bass  are :  George  A.,  of  Philadel- 
phia, Pa. ;  Perkins  B.,  of  Evanston ;  Stella 
(Mrs.  J.  E.  Tilt),  of  Chicago;  and  James 
K.,  of  New  York  City. 

In  religious  belief,  Mr.  Bass  was  a 
Methodist,  at  an  early  period  having  be- 
come a  member  of  the  Grant  Place  Meth- 
odist Church,  of  Chicago.  From  the  time 
when  he  became  a  resident  of  Evanston 
until  his  death,  on  June  3,  1890,  he  was 
a  communicant  of  the  First  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  of  that  city,  in  which 
he  officiated  as  one  of  the  stewards.  He 
was  possessed  of  most  excellent  traits  of 
character,  and  was  a  genial,  kindly  man, 
the  virtues  of  whose  daily  life  gained  for 
him  the  affectionate  esteem  and  confi- 
dence of  all  who  intimately  knew  him. 


\MLLIAM   MORSE  GRISWOLD. 

Dr.  \\  illiam  IM.  Griswold,  who  is  en- 
gaged in  the  practice  of  dentistry  at  No. 
23,  Glockengiesserwall,  Hamburg,  Ger- 
many, was  born  in  St.  Charles,  Minn., 
September  26,  1871.  His  primary  mental 
training  was  obtained  in  the  public 
schools  and  after  completing  his  prepar- 
atory studies  in  Hamline  University,  he. 
took  a  professional  course  in  Northwest- 
ern University  Dental  School,  Chicago, 
111.,  from  which  he  was  graduated, 
in  1897,  with  the  degree  of  D.  D.  S.  He 
received  the  class  honor  of  an  appoint- 
ment as  demonstrator  in  this  institution. 

Dr.  Griswold  is  a  member  of  the  Amer- 
ican Dental  Society  of  Europe,  and  is 
serving  on  its  Executive  Committee  for 
the  term  extending  from  1903  to  1907. 
That  body  held  its  Easter  session  of  1904 
in  Hamburg,  through  an  invitation  ex- 
tended in  1903  by  Dr.  Griswold,  at  Mad- 


rid, where  he  was  in  attendance  at  the 
meeting  of  the  International  Medical 
Congress.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  is 
a  member  of  the  New  York  Institute  of 
Stomatology,  the  Congris  Dentaire  Inter- 
nation  de  Paris,  and  was  elected  first  hon- 
orary member  of  the  W.  D.  Miller  Dental 
Club  of  Berlin. 


SIDNEY  BACHRACH  MEYER. 

Sidney  B.  Meyer,  attorney-at-law,  re- 
siding at  No.  1627  Grace  Street,  Chicago, 
111.,  was  born  in  Ouincy,  111.,  April  13, 
1879.  His  primary  mental  training  was 
obtained  in  the  public  schools  and  he  pur- 
sued a  preparatory  course  of  study  in  the 
North  Division  High  School,  in  Chicago. 
In  September,  1898,  he  matriculated  in 
Northwestern  University  Law  School, 
from  which  he  was  graduated  in  June, 
1901,  with  the  degree  of  LL.  B.  In  1899, 
1900  and  1901,  he  was  pitcher  in  the 
Northwestern  University  baseball  team. 
Mr.  Meyer  is  a  member  of  the  Phi  Alpha 
Delta  Fraternity,  and  belongs  to  the 
Hampden,  Washington  and  Lexington 
Clubs.  In  1900,  he  was  President  of  the 
First  Voters'  Club,  in  Chicago,  and  in 
1902-1903,  held  a  like  position  in  the  24th 
\\'ard  Republican  Club  in  that  city.  His 
law  offices  are  at  Rooms  937-945  Amer- 
ican Trust  Building,  Clark  and  Monroe 
Streets,  Chicago. 


\MLLIAM  MONTELLE  CARPENTER. 

\\illiam  M.  Carpenter,  First  \'ice-Pres- 
ident  \\'alworth  and  Neville  Manufactur- 
ing Company,  with  residence  at  2010 
Sheridan  Road,  Evanston,  was  born  in 
^Vooster,  Ohio,  October  15,  1866,  the  son 
of   Charles   and   Mary    (Blanchard)    Car- 


S86 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


penter,  both  born  in  the  State  of  New 
York,  the  former  in  1833  and  the  latter 
in  1836.  The  first  of  the  Carpenter  fam- 
ily to  come  to  America  was  William,  an 
Englishman,  who  crossed  the  ocean  on 
the  ship  "Bevis"  in  1638  and  settled  at 
Rehoboth.  ^lass.  Genealogists  have 
traced  the  name  as  far  back  as  John  Car- 
penter, who  was  Town  Clerk  of  the  City 
of  London,  died  wealthy  and  founded  a 
great  school  in  that  city  at  the  corner  of 
the  Thames  Embankment  and  John  Car- 
penter Street, — "The  City  of  London 
Schools."  Another  ancestor  on  the  pater- 
nal side  was  Lieutenant  John  Hollister. 
who  came  from  England  to  Connecticut 
in  1642,  and  married  a  daughter  of  Hon. 
Richard  Treat,  Sr.,  who  was  one  of  those 
to  whom  the  original  Connecticut  charter 
was  issued.  The  first  of  the  Blanchards 
was  Samuel,  who  came  early  in  the  sev- 
enteenth century  from  England  to  Charles- 
ton, now  a  part  of  Boston,  and  whose 
descendants  intermarried  with  many  of 
the  families  of  Billerica,  Mass.  The  last 
of  the  Blanchards  was  Mr.  Carpenter's 
grandfather,  Capt.  ^^'alter  Blanchard, 
who  was  killed  at  Ringgold  Gap,  during 
the  Rebellion,  while  leading  his  regiment, 
the  Thirteenth  Illinois.  The  wife  of  one 
of  the  Blanchards  was  a  Tolford,  whose 
claim  to  descent  from  "the  nobility"  is  at 
least  stoutly  maintained.  The  Daniels, 
another  maternal  family,  was  of  North- 
of-Ireland-Scotch  stock  and  settled  in 
Vermont.  Of  the  different  branches  of 
these  ancestral  families  many  took  part 
in  the  Colonial  Wars,  the  Revolutionary 
War,  the  War  of  1812  and  the  War  of  the 
Rebellion. 

Mr.  Carpenter's  father's  family  re- 
moved from  Southern  New  York  to  the 
central  part  of  the  State,  and  his  mother's 
family  to  the  same  locality  from  Massa- 
chusetts. In  the  'thirties  of  the  last  cen- 
tury his  mother  came  to  Du  Page  County, 


111.,  and  his  father  some  years  later,  and 
there  they  were  married  during  the  Civil 
War,  while  the  father  was  at  home  on 
furlough.  The  father  of  William  M.  Car- 
penter was  a  school  teacher  and  court 
reporter  for  many  years,  and  a  respected 
citizen  of  Downers  Grove,  where  he 
served  on  various  boards  and  as  Post- 
master. He  made  a  modest  success  in 
business,  and  lived  a  clean,  honorable  and 
useful  life ;  he  was,  at  the  same  time,  of 
strong  character  and  kindly  temperament. 
The  mother  died  in  1893;  in  the  language 
of  Mr.  Carpenter  himself,  she  "was  of  all 
mothers  the  best :  a  strong,  forceful,  noble 
character." 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  spent  his 
boyhood  and  early  youth  in  a  village  near 
Chicago,  where  he  graduated  from  a  high 
school,  later  taking  a  one  year's  classical 
course  in  college,  and  in  the  meantime 
acquiring  the  habit  of  reading,  with  taste 
for  an  active  out-door  life.  He  then  be- 
came an  errand  boy  in  a  law  office  in 
Chicago  at  a  very  modest  salary,  utilizing 
his  spare  time  in  the  study  of  shorthand. 
In  August,  1883,  he  went  to  New  York  as 
a  stenographer  in  the  office  of  the  West^ 
ern  Electric  Company,  a  year  later  return- 
ing West  to  enter  school  for  a  year.  He 
then  entered  the  employment  of  the 
Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  for  a 
year,  but  returned  to  the  Western  Elec- 
tric Company,  with-  which  company  he 
continued  for  upwards  of  twelve  years, 
making  steady  progress.  During  1906 
he  connected  himself  with  the  lumber 
company  above  referred  to. 

For  some  years  during  the  'nineties  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Downers  Grove 
Board  of  Education.  Besides  being  a 
member  of  the  Sons  of  Veterans,  he  be- 
longs to  the  following  social  organiza- 
tions and  fraternities :  Union  League  and 
Caxton  Clubs,  Chicago :  Bibliophile  Soci- 
ety, Boston ;  Evanston  Municipal  Associ- 


II 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


587 


ation  and  Evanston  Club,  Evanston  His- 
torical Society,  Sons  of  American  Revolu- 
tion and  Sons  of  Colonial  Wars,  Masonic 
Fraternity,  Modern  AX'oodmen  of  Amer- 
ica, National  Union,  American  Civic  As- 
sociation, National  Geographic  Society 
and  National  Credit  Men's  Association. 
He  has  at  times  been  President  of  The 
Electrical  Trades  Association  of  Chicago 
and  of  the  National  organization. 

Mr.  Carpenter's  business  has  made  it 
necessary  for  him  to  make  frequent  and 
extensive  trips  over  the  country,  and  he 
has  visited  ever\-  large  city  from  Boston 
to  San  Francisco  and  from  New  Orleans 
to  Duluth ;  has  also,  for  several  years, 
made  annual  trips  to  Europe,  one  to  the 
Hawaiian  Islands  and  one  each  to  Cuba 
and  the  City  of  ^ilexico  and  beyond,  be- 
sides frequent  visits  to  Canada.  He  has 
thus  been  a  visitor  in  practically  every 
State  of  the  Union,  and  in  most  of  the 
large  cities  of  the  country  has  a  more  or 
less  extensive  acquaintance.  Originally 
a  Prohibitionist  in  his  callow  days,  he 
later  came  to  the  conclusion  that  real 
regeneration  never  came  through  law, 
and  is  now  willing  to  be  classed  as  a 
"Mugwump"  with  pronounced  Repub- 
lican proclivities. 

In  July,  iS88,  ^Ir.  Carpenter  was  mar- 
ried, at  Downers  Grove,  111.,  to  Florrie 
M.  Schofield,  who  was  born  in  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  in  1867,  and  of  this  union  two  chil- 
dren were  born,  namely:  Plubert  Mon- 
telle,  I)orn  June  12,  1S89,  and  Mary 
Blanchard,  born  December  ig,  1890.  On 
Jul}'  27,  1898,  he  was  married  in  London, 
England,  to  Lucile  Russell,  of  Hudson, 
Mich.,  and  tliey  have  one  son — Russell — 
born  June  12,  1903. 

Fond  of  good  books  and  fine  bindings, 
Mr.  Carpenter  has  gathered  a  library  con- 
taining some  choice  books.  For  years  he 
has  had  an  especial  liking  for  the  writ- 
ings of   Eugene   Field,   Rudyard   Kipling 


and  Thackeray,  and  of  neither  one  does 
he  ever  tire.  \\'ith  a  taste  for  art,  he  has 
collected  some  good  pictures,  and  has 
studied  potteries  and  picked  up  many 
samples  in  his  travels.  He  has  been  espe- 
cially interested  in  American  art  pottery 
specimens,  including  Rockwood,  Van 
Briggle,  Grueby,  etc.  He  also  made 
many  original  photographs  of  scenery  and 
of  ancient  and  modern  buildings  and 
other  structures  met  with  during  his 
travels :  and  has  in  his  collection  some 
rare  specimens  of  old  Mexican  zerapes, 
Indian  rugs  and  potteries,  Hawaiian  cal- 
abashes and  the  like.  Mr.  Carpenter  re- 
gards the  people  of  the  Middle  West  as 
the  "salt  of  the  earth,"  and  would  rather 
live  in  Evanston  than  in  any  other  city 
he  has  ever  seen. 


\\TLBUR  WALLACE  McCLEARY. 

Dr.  \\'ilbur  Wallace  McCleary,  physi- 
cian and  surgeon,  whose  office, is  located 
at  No.  257  West  Forty-seventh  Street, 
Chicago,  111.,  was  born  in  Rock  Island, 
III.,  in  1867.  In  boyhood,  he  availed  him- 
self of  the  advantages  aflforded  by  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  town,  and  in 
1881  began  a  course  of  study  in  St.  Mary's 
College,  Kan.,  from  which  institution  he 
was  graduated  in  1886.  In  that  year,  he 
matriculated  in  the  Medical  Department 
of  Northwestern  Lhiiversity,  graduating 
therefrom  in  1889. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  at  pres- 
ent acting  in  the  capacity  of  physician  to 
the  Provident  Hospital,  in  Chicago.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  American  Medical 
Association,  the  Illinois  State  Medical 
Society  and  the  Chicago  Medical  Society. 
On  June  30.  1895,  Dr.  McCleary  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Fannie  Cleage, 
of  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  and  one  child, 
Josephine,  has  been  born  of  this  union. 


588 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


JOHN    H.    HUNGATE. 

John  H.  Hungate,  lawyer  and  banker 
of  La  Harpe,  Hancock  County,  111.,  was 
born  in  that  county  June  2,  1838.  His 
early  education  was  obtained  in  the  pub- 
He  schools  of  his  native  place,  and  he  aft- 
erwards pursued  a  preparatory  course  in 
Knox  College  and  Burlington  University. 
Subsequently  he  qualified  himself  for  the 
legal  profession  by  taking  a  course  in  the 
Law  Department  of  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity, from  which  he  received  the  de- 
gree of  LL.  B.  He  then  entered  upon 
the  practice  of  law  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and 
was  thus  engaged  for  five  years.  From 
1864  to  1868,  he  held  the  office  of  Circuit 
Court  Clerk  of  McDonough  County,  III., 
and  is  the  author  of  the  law  requiring  an 
index  of  court  records. 

In  1876,  Mr.  Hungate  was  the  candi- 
date of  his  party  for  Congress,  but  met 
with  defeat.  He  assisted  in  organizing 
the  Title  and  Trust  Company  of  Peoria, 
111.,  which  was  afterwards  consolidated 
with  the  Dime  Savings  Bank  of  that  city. 
In  1874,  he  organized  the  bank  of  Hun- 
gate, Ward  &  Company,  of  which  he  is 
now  sole  proprietor.  He  is  President  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Gittings  Sem- 
inary at  La  Harpe,  111.,  and  President  of 
the  Board  of  La  Harpe  High  School. 

On  May  8,  1878,  Mr.  Hungate  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Florence  E.  Mat- 
thews, of  Monmouth,  111.,  and  they  have, 
four  children :  Ward,  Edith,  John  and 
Harold.  In  fraternal  circles,  Mr.  Hun- 
gate is  identified  with  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M. 
and  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  He  is  a  man  of  broad 
information  and  has  traveled  extensively 
in  the  Lhiited  States  and  in  Europe. 


MASON  B.  LOOMIS. 

Judge  Alason  B.  Loomis  (deceased), 
formerly  a  prominent  citizen  of  Evans- 
ton,  111.,  and  a  lawyer  and  jurist  of  dis- 
tinction, was  born  in  Harrisville,  Medina 
County,  Ohio,  April  14,  1837,  the  son  of 
Milo  and  Lucy  (Greenly)  Loomis,  who 
had  moved  to  Ohio  from  New  York. 
Milo  Loomis  was  a  merchant  by  occupa- 
tion. The  first  known  ancestor  of  Judge 
Loomis  was  a  Spanish  gentleman,  who 
came  to  this  country  at  an  early  period 
and  settled  in  Connecticut.  Both  of 
Judge  Loomis'  parents  died  when  he  was 
fifteen  years  old,  and  he  grew  to  man- 
hood under  the  care  of  a  guardian.  After 
receiving  his  primary  education  in  the 
public  schools  at  Lodi,  Ohio,  he  took  a 
supplementary  course  in  Oberlin  College. 
He  then  spent  several  years  in  Illinois, 
returning  to  Ohio  in  1859  and  beginning 
the  study  of  law  there  with  Bliss  &  Mc- 
Sweeney.  Both  of  his  legal  preceptors 
passed  their  professional  examination  at 
the  Ohio  Bar,  and  in  later  years,  Mr. 
]\IcSweeney,  who  was  noted  as  a  criminal 
lawyer,  became  widely  known  through- 
out that  State  as  the  "old  man  eloquent." 
Mr.  Loomis  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
the  spring  of  1861,  and  thereupon  moved 
to  Kankakee,  111.,  where  he  remained  nine 
vears,  meeting  with  signal  success  in  his 
profession.  In  1868,  he  was  elected 
State's  Attorney  for  the  circuit  compris- 
ing the  counties  of  Livingston,  Iroquois 
and  Kankakee,  for  a  term  of  four  years. 
At  the  end  of  two  years,  he  resigned  this 
office  and  located  in  Chicago,  where  he 
became  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Runyan, 
Avery,  Loomis  &  Comstock.  Four  years 
later  he  withdrew  from  this  firm,  and 
formed  a  partnership  with  Judge  Charles 
H.  \\'ood,  under  the  firm  name  of  \\'ood 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


589 


&  Loomis.  This  connection  continued 
until  1877,  when  Mr.  Loomis  was  elected 
County  Judge  of  Cook  County,  for  a  term 
of  four  years.  In  this  office  he  served, 
however,  five  years,  an  amendment  to  the 
State  Constitution  having,  in  the  mean- 
time, extended  the  term  one  year.  At 
the  expiration  of  this  period,  he  resumed 
the  practice  of  law  under  the  firm  name 
of  Needham  &  Loomis.  At  a  later  period 
this  partnership  was  dissolved,  and  he 
became  associated  with  his  son  under  the 
firm  name  of  M.  B.  and  F.  S.  Loomis, 
which  existed  until  the  death  of  the 
father,  when  the  son  succeeded  to  the 
practice.  Judge  Loomis  established  his 
home  in  Evanston  in  1892,  and  died  there 
at  his  residence  on  Washington  Street, 
October  2,  1902,  after  an  attack  of  sick- 
ness lasting  four  days.  In  addition  to 
the  offices  of  Judge  and  State's  Attorney, 
he  served  as  a  member  of  the  City  Coun- 
cil of  Evanston,  and  in  this  position  did 
much  towards  the  advancement  of  the  in- 
terests of  the  city. 

In  1859,  at  Harrisville,  Ohio,  Judge 
Loomis  was  united  in  marriage  with  Nel- 
lie Ainsworth,  who  was  a  schoolmate  of 
her  husband  in  their  youth,  and  who  still 
survives  him,  a  resident  of  Evanston.  In 
politics,  Mr.  Loomis  was  an  earnest  advo- 
cate of  the  principles  of  the  Republican 
party,  and  participated  in  many  cam- 
paigns. Religiously,  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church  of 
Evanston  during  his  residence  there,  hav- 
ing previously  been  connected  with  the 
Third  Presbyterian  Church  of  Chicago. 
Socially,  he  was  identified  with  the  Illi- 
nois Club  (of  which  he  was  an  officer), 
the  Irving  Club,  of  Chicago, — an  old  lit- 
erary organization, — and  the  Twentieth 
Century  Club,  of  Evanston.  These  soci- 
eties, as  well  as  the  Evanston  City  Coun- 
cil, adopted  appropriate  memorial  resolu- 
tions on  the  occasion  of  his  death. 


Judge  Loomis  was  a  rare  wit  and  an 
incisive,  forceful  and  convincing  public 
speaker.  He  was  an  exceptionally  able 
trial  lawyer,  and  a  jurist  of  eminent  abil- 
ity, making  an  exemplary  record  on  the 
bench.  The  "Chicago  Evening  Post"  re- 
flected public  opinion  in  regard  to  him  by 
saying:  "In  citizenship  he  won  high 
esteem.  He  was  a  thorough  Chicagoan, 
zealous  for  Chicago's  supremacy,  and  al- 
ways sought  to  enhance  its  repute,  munic- 
ipally and  commercially.  Honest  local 
government  commanded  his  continuous 
interest.  He  was  identified  with  many 
movements  leading  towards  the  city's  up- 
building, and  education,  charity  and 
church  all  found  in  him  an  ardent  advo- 
cate." The  Twentieth  Century  Club  paid 
him  this  tribute:  "He  was  not  only  pro- 
foundly versed  in  the  law,  but  he  was 
abreast  of  the  best  literature  of  the  day, 
and  conversant  with  the  best  authors  of 
the  past.  His  convictions  were  deep,  and 
he  had  the  courage  to  maintain  them. 
His  wit  was  of  the  character  that  pro- 
voked only  mirth ;  it  had  no  sting.  He 
used  this  dangerous  faculty  so  skillfully 
that  he  never  inflicted  a  wound.  Judge 
Loomis  was  a  Christian  gentleman.  He 
was  an  active  participant  in  the  religious 
work  of  the  church  to  which  he  belonged. 
He  was  genuine,  upright,  pure  and  noble, 
and  the  loss  to  this  community  of  such 
a  man  is  immeasurable." 


WALTER  L.  GALLUP. 

Walter  L.  Gallup  (deceased),  formerly 
a  very  energetic,  prosperous  and  repu- 
table citizen  of  Evanston,  111.,  was  born 
at  Poquonock  Bridge, Conn.,  April  2,  1852, 
the  son  of  Franklin  and  Sarah  (Bur- 
roughs) Gallup,  both  members  of  old 
New  England  families.  Franklin  Gallup 
was  engaged  in  the  fish-oil  business.    The 


S90 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


early  education  of  Walter  L.  Gallup  was 
obtained  in  the  schools  of  Norwich, 
Conn.,  where  his  childhood  was  passed. 
When  he  reached  the  age  of  fourteen 
years  he  entered  the  Bank  of  Norwich,  in 
which  he  received  his  youthful  business 
training,  becoming  an  expert  accountant. 
A  severe  attack  of  sickness,  however, 
caused  him  to  relinquish  this  position, 
and  to  join  his  father  in  the  oil  business 
on  the  coast  of  Maine.  At  a  later  period, 
he  was  connected  with  a  mercantile  firm 
in  New  York  City.  Early  in  the  'seven- 
ties Mr.  Gallup  located  in  Indianapolis, 
Ind.,  where  he  became  a  member  of  the 
saw-manufacturing  firm  of  E.  C.  Atkins 
&  Co.,  and  was  prominently  identified 
with  the  manufacturing  interests  of  Indi- 
anapolis until  1889,  when  he  established 
himself  in  business  in  Chicago,  where  he 
was  engaged  in  advertising  enterprises 
until  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred 
in  Evanston,  in  1894.  After  starting  in 
Chicago  five  years  previously,  he  had, 
through  diligent  application  and  superior 
capacity,  built  up  an  exceedingly  prosper- 
ous business. 

In  1874  Mr.  Gallup  was  united  in  mar- 
riage at  Port  Jervis,  N.  Y.,  with  Ella  H. 
Hunt,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Isaac  S.  and 
Sarah  (Fleming)  Hunt.  Mrs.  Gallup's 
father  practiced  medicine  successfully  for 
many  years  at  Port  Jervis,  and  there  his 
death  occurred.  One  child  resulted  from 
the  union  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gallup, 
namely,  Stella  (Mrs.  Pickerell),  of  Evans- 
ton. 

Mr.  Gallup  belonged  to  the  First  Bap- 
tist Church  of  Evanston,  in  which  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  hav- 
ing charge  of  the  choir,  and  sustaining 
other  official  responsibilities.  In  frater- 
nal circles,  he  was  identified  with  the 
Royal  Arcanum.  He  was  a  man  of  excel- 
lent traits  of  character  and  strict  probity 


in  his  business  relations,  and  was  re- 
garded as  one  of  the  worthiest  and  most 
useful  members  of  the  community. 


JOHN  H.  VOJE. 

Dr.  John  H.  Voje,  who  is  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  medicine  in  Oconomowoc, 
Wis.,  and  is  also  proprietor  of  Sanatorium 
Waldheim  in  that  city,  was  born  in  Ger- 
many, on  March  12,  1853.  In  1874,  he 
entered  the  Chicago  Medical  College,  now 
the  Medical  Department  of  Northwestern 
University,  from  which  he  was  graduated 
in  1876,  with  the  degree  of  M.  D.,  and  in 
1884  received  another  degree  from  the 
University  of  Leipzig,  Germany.  Dr. 
Voje  founded  the  Sanatorium  \\^aldheim, 
in  Oconomowoc,  August  i,  1888.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  American  Medical  Asso- 
ciation, the  Wisconsin  State  Medical 
Society,  and  the  Waukesha  County  Med- 
ical  Society. 

On  June  19,  1879,  Dr.  \^oje  was  married 
to  Hannah  LTlrich,  who  has  borne  him 
two  children:  Hertha,  born  July  24,  1880, 
and  Henry,  born  December  14,  1885. 


CHARLES  W.  BARLOW,  D.  D.  S. 

Charles  William  Barlow,  dentist.  Prov- 
idence, R.  I.,  was  born  in  St.  John,  N.  B., 
Canada,  May  13,  1863.  His  boyhood  and 
3'outh  were  spent  in  the  place  of  his  nativ- 
ity, where  his  early  mental  training  was 
obtained  in  the  public  schools.  He  pur- 
sued a  course  of  dental  surgery  in  North- 
western University  Dental  School,  Chi- 
cago, 111.,  from  which  he  graduated  with 
the  class  of  1894,  receiving  the  degree  of. 
D.  D.  S.  He  is  a  member  of  the  North- 
western Universitv  Dental  School  Alumni 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


591 


Association.  The  marriage  of  Dr.  Bar- 
low occurred  August  4,  1896,  at  which 
time  he  was  wedded  to  Florence  A. 
Angell,  of  Providence,  R.  I. 


WINFIELD  SCOTT  HALL. 

Winfield  S.  Hall,  Professor  of  Physiol- 
ogy in  the  Northwestern  University  Med- 
ical School  since  1895,  ^""^^  ^  resident  of 
Berwyn,  Cook  County,  111.,  was  born  in 
Bataxia,  111.,  January  5,  1861.  He  began 
his  preparatory  studies  under  private 
tutors  in  Hastings,  Neb.,  and  entered  the 
College  of  Liberal  Arts  of  Northwestern 
LTniversity  in  1881,  continuing  until  the 
fall  of  1883..    From  1884  until  the  fall  of 

1886,  he  pursued  a  professional  course  in 
Northwestern  University  Medical  School, 
and  in  1886-87,  continued  his  literary  and 
scientific  studies  in  the  University.  In 
1887-88,  he  was  a  student  in  the  Medical 
School,  and  he  also  took  a  course  in  med- 
icine in  the  LTniversity  of  Leipzig,  Ger- 
many in  1893-94,  and  a  course  in  philoso- 
phy in  1894-95.  He  received  the  degree 
of  B.  S.  from  Northwestern  LIniversity  in 

1887,  that  of  M.  D.  in  1888,  and  of  M.  S. 
in  1889,  from  the  same  source.  The  LTni- 
versity  of  Leipzig  conferred  upon  him  the 
degree  of  Dr.  ]\Ied.  in  1894,  and  those  of 
A.  M.  and  Ph.  D.  (Magna  cum  laudel 
in  1895. 

While  in  the  College  of  Liberal  Arts  in 
Evanston,  111.,  Prof.  Hall  was  a  member 
of  the  Hinman  Literary  Society  and  the 
Phi  Kappa  Psi  Fraternity.  He  was 
awarded  the  Marcy  Botany  Prize  in  June, 
1883,  and  received  General  Scholarship 
Honors  in  1887.  He  belonged  to  the 
Honorary  Fraternities — Phi  Beta  Kappa, 
Sigma  Xi,  and  Alpha  Omega  Alpha.  Dur- 
ing his   medical   course.    Prof.   Hall    was 


Class  President  of  the  class  of  '88.  He 
was  a  successful  contestant  for  the 
Fowler  $ioo-Prize  in  Optics,  and  the 
Ingalls  $ioo-Prize  in  "Scholarship:  Lit- 
erary, Scientific  and  Professional."  In 
1888-89  he  held  an  interneship  in  Mercy 
Hospital,  Chicago,  after  a  competitive 
examination.  From  1889  to  1893,  Prof. 
Hall  was  Professor  of  Biology  in  Haver- 
ford  College,  Pennsylvania.  From  1901 
to  the  present  time  he  has  served  in  the 
capacity  of  Junior  Dean  of  the  Medical 
Faculty  of  Northwestern  University  Med- 
ical School. 

From  1902  to  1906,  Prof.  Hall  was  Pres- 
ident of  the  American  Medical  Associa- 
tion for  the  Study  of  Narcotics  ;  in  1903-04, 
Secretary  of  the  Association  of  American 
Medical  Colleges ;  in  1904-05,  Chairman  of 
the  Section  of  Pathology  and  Physiology 
of  the  American  Medical  Association ; 
Primarius  of  the  .\lpha  Omega  Alpha, 
Honorary  Fraternity,  1903  to  date;  and 
President  of  the  American  Academy  of 
Medicine,  1905.  He  is  now  a  Fellow  of 
the  American  Academy  of  Science,  a 
member  of  the  American  Association  for 
the  Advancement  of  Science,  a  Fellow  of 
the  Chicago  Academy  of  Sciences,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  American  Medical  Association, 
the  American  Physiological  Society,  the 
Chicago  Medical  Society,  etc.,  etc.  He  is 
also  the  author  of  several  important  con- 
tributions to  medical  literature  in  the 
form  of  volumes  familiar  to  the  profes- 
sion. 

On  October  11.  1888,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  united  in  marriage  at  Juniata, 
Neb.,  with  Jeannette  Winter,  of  Prince- 
ton, 111.,  and  they  became  the  parents  of 
the  following  named  children :  Ethel, 
born  October  22,  1893 :  Albert  Winter, 
born  January  8,  1895;  Reymond  Ludwig, 
born  January  20,  1897;  and  Muriel,  born 
August  II,  1902. 


592 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


ASAHEL  O.  BASSETT. 

Asahel  O.  Bassett  (deceased),  formerly 
one  of  the  most  substantial  and  prominent 
citizens  of  Evanston,  111.,  was  born  in 
Delhi,  Delaware  County,  N.  Y.,  January 
2,  1837,  the  son  of  Hon.  Cornelius  Bas- 
sett, who  was  an  extensive  farmer,  and 
owner  of  a  fine  country  residence,  and  at 
one  time  a  member  of  the  New  York  Leg- 
islature. The  Bassett  family  was  of  Eng- 
lish extraction,  and  settled  at  an  early 
period  in  Martha's  Vineyard. 

Asahel  O.  Bassett  received  his  early 
training  partly  in  the  public  schools  of 
New  York  State  and  partly  in  Illinois. 
He  grew  up  on  his  father's  farm  until  he 
was  about  ten  years  of  age,  when  his 
mother  having  died,  he  accompanied  his 
uncle,  Reuben  Coffin,  to  Illinois,  the  fam- 
ily locating  at  Buffalo  Grove,  Ogle 
County.  After  remaining  there  two  years, 
the  family  came  to  Chicago,  and,  on  the 
trip,  Mr.  Bassett  had  a  good  opportunity 
of  observing  pioneer  life  in  that  section 
of  the  State  from  which  the  farmers  were 
accustomed  to  haul  their  grain  to  Chi- 
cago by  team.  In  1849,  Mr.  Bassett  went 
to  New  York  City,  where  he  remained 
five  years,  and  was  there  trained  to  the 
grocery  business.  Thence  he  went  to 
Tarrytown,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  first  en- 
gaged in  that  line  of  trade  on  his  own 
responsibility.  At  a  later  period  he  em- 
barked in  the  manufacturing  business,  but 
shortly  after  his  marriage,  took  charge  of 
the  large  estate  of  his  wife's  father,  who 
was  an  extensive  land-owner  at  Tarry- 
town. 

After  living  about  ten  years  at  Tarry- 
town,  Mr.  Bassett  moved  to  Chicago, 
where  he  engaged  in  the  plumbing  and 
gas-fitting  business.  He  suffered  heavy 
loss  by  the  fire  of  1871.  but  at  once  re- 
sumed   operations,    and    afterwards    con- 


ducted a  large  business  on  the  Methodist 
Church  Block.  Subsequently  withdraw- 
ing from  the  plumbing  trade,  he  embarked 
in  the  manufacture  of  picture  mouldings 
and  frames  on  a  large  scale,  employing 
about  100  men,  and  shipping  his  product 
throughout  the  United  States.  In  this 
connection  he  suffered  further  losses  by 
fire,  when  he  turned  his  attention  to  the 
lumber  trade,  in  which  he  was  engaged 
until  his  retirement  from  active  business, 
a  few  years  before  his  death.  Mr.  Bassett 
was  always  a  very  active  and  energetic 
business  man,  and  maintained  a  wide 
acquaintance. 

In  1859,  Mr.  Bassett  was  united  in  mar- 
riage, at  Tarrytown,  N.  Y.,  with  Nancy 
B.  Decker.  Her  father,  William  J.  Decker, 
was  in  early  life  a  shipbuilder  in  New 
York  City,  but  subsequently  became  an 
extensive  landowner  in  Westchester 
County,  N.  Y.  The  Deckers  were  an  old 
Knickerbocker  family,  and  were  also  akin 
to  the  Bayles  and  Storm  families,  ances- 
tors of  Mrs.  Bassett  on  the  maternal  side. 
Mrs.  Bassett  was  born  in  New  York  City, 
but  spent  her  youth  in  the  Tarrytown 
home,  which  is  located  amid  historic  sur- 
roundings. It  is  within  four  miles  of 
White  Plains,  a  famous  battlefield  of  the 
Revolutionary  War.  At  Tarrytown,  the 
noted  British  spy,  Major  Andre,  was  cap- 
tured, a  member  of  the  family  of  Mrs. 
Bassett's  mother  having  taken  part  in  the 
capture.  Within  a  mile  of  the  Tarrytown 
home  stood  the  headquarters  occupied  by 
Washington  during  a  portion  of  the  strug- 
gle for  Independence.  Of  the  Decker 
estate  Mrs.  Bassett  is  still  part  owner. 
In  the  vicinity  are  the  summer  homes  of 
John  D.  Rockefeller,  Edwin  Gould,  Helen 
Gould  and  other  noted  people.  Mrs.  Bas- 
sett's mother,  who  died  at  the  old  home 
in  1902,  was  born  in  the  same  vicinity  on 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


593 


the  Holland  estate,  afterwards  the  proi)- 
erty  of  Cyrus  W.  Field. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bassett  became  the  par- 
ents of  the  following  named  children : 
\\'illiam  D.,  of  Loveland,  Colo. :  George, 
who  is  connected  with  the  First  National 
Bank  of  Chicago ;  Etta  (Mrs.  Dr.  Free- 
man), of  Evanston ;  Harriet,  wife  of 
Harry  H.  Mallory,  of  Evanston;  and 
Emma,  who  married  Vernon  S.  Watson, 
of  Oak  Park,  111. 

In  1882,  Air.  Bassett  established  his 
home  in  Evanston,  purchasing  a  residence 
at  No.  1 124  Asbury  Avenue.  His  home, 
which  then  stood  almost  alone,  is  now  in 
a  compactly  built  portion  of  the  city.  It 
was  there  that  he  departed  this  life  on 
February  4,  1902. 

In  religious  belief,  Mr.  Bassett  was  a 
Baptist,  and  for  18  years  officiated  as 
deacon  of  the  First  Baptist  Church  ot 
Evanston.  In  fraternal  circles,  he  was 
identified  with  the  Royal  Arcanum.  He 
was  devotedly  attached  to  the  home  cir- 
cle, and  his  domestic  life  was  exceedingly 
pleasant.  Although  Cjuiet  and  unassum- 
ing in  demeanor,  he  was  a  man  of  genial, 
amiable  nature  and  winsome  disposition, 
and  won  many  friends.  In  life  he  was 
cordially  esteemed,  and  his  death  was 
deepl}-  lamented. 


THOMAS  H.  WATSON. 

Thomas  H.  Watson  (deceased),  long  and 
favorably  known  in  connection  with  the 
wholesale  grocery  interests  of  Chicago  for 
a  period  of  thirty-five  years  and  a  i)romi- 
nent  and  highly  esteemed  citizen  of  Evans- 
ton, 111.,  was  born  in  a  Quaker  settlement 
called  "The  Union,"  fourteen  miles  from 
Plattsburg,  N.  Y.,  April  7,  1843.  He  was 
a  son  of  Judge  Thomas  B.  and  Harriet  E. 
(Powers)    Watson,  natives  of  New  York. 


Judge  Watson  was  of  English  extraction 
and  was  reared  in  the  Quaker  faith.  He 
was  a  lawyer  of  high  reputation,  and  served 
on  the  judicial  bench  of  New  York  for  a 
number  of  years. 

Thomas  H.  Watson  passed  his  early 
youth  in  Plattsburg,  N.  Y.,  where  he  made 
diligent  use  of  the  opportunities  afforded 
by  the  public  schools.  When  seventeen 
years  of  age  he  located  in  Chicago,  where 
his  uncle,  Heman  G.  Powers,  was  then 
established  in  business,  as  Junior  member 
of  the  firm  of  Durand  &  Powers.  The 
head  of  the  firm,  Henry  Durand,  was  a  pio- 
neer merchant  of  Chicago,  Mr.  Watson 
entered  the  employ  of  this  firm  as  a  clerk, 
and  continued  in  that  capacity  until  1862, 
when  he  entered  the  Union  Army  as  a 
member  of  the  famous  Board  of  Trade 
Battery,  of  Chicago,  in  which  he  served 
until  near  the  close  of  the  war.  On  his  dis- 
charge from  the  service  he  returned  to 
Chicago,  and  resumed  his  connection  with 
Durand  &  Powers,  remaining  with  this 
firm  and  its  successors  until  1879,  when  he 
became  associated  with  the  extensive 
wholesale  grocery  house  of  Franklin  Mac- 
Veagh  &  Company.  At  different  times  he 
traveled  extensively  in  the  interest  of  this 
firm,  and  became  widely  known  as  a  sales- 
man. He  was  a  close  student  of  every- 
thing pertaining  to  the  grocery  trade,  and 
gained  a  reputation  throughout  the  West  as 
one  of  the  best  informed  men  in  the  coun- 
try, in  that  line  of  business. 

Mr.  Watson  was  especially  prominent  as 
a  sugar  expert,  and  for  many  years  had  en- 
tire charge  of  the  sugar  purchases  of 
Franklin  Mac\'eagh  &  Co.,  amounting  to 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars  a  year. 
He  was  also  a  leading  member  of  the  Na- 
tional Association  of  Wholesale  Grocers, 
and  served  as  the  Committeeman  of  that 
organization  charged  with  special  attention 


594 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


to  the  sugar  trade,  until  within  ten  months 
of  his  death.  He  was  very  active  in  busi- 
ness, bearing  heavy  responsibilities,  and 
conducting  large  transactions. 

In  1862,  at  Kankakee,  111.,  Mr.  Watson 
was  united  in  marriage  with  Mary  P. 
Hickox,  a  daughter  of  John  R.  Hickox,  a 
well  known  member  of  the  Bar  of  Illinois. 
Mrs.  Watson  was  born  at  Dansville,  Liv- 
ingston County,  N.  Y.,  and  spent  the  years 
of  her  girlhood  in  Syracuse,  that  State.  In 
i860  she  moved  from  New  York  to  Illi- 
nois, the  journey  westward  being  deeply 
impressed  upon  her  memor)'  by  the 
fact  that  it  was  made  in  company  with  the 
New  York  delegates  to  the  Republican  Na- 
tional Convention  held  in  Chicago,  which 
nominated  Abraham  Lincoln  for  the  Presi- 
dency. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Watson  became  the 
parents  of  four  children,  as  follows:  Emma 
(Mrs.  Knight),  of  Chicago;  Thomas  W., 
of  Decatur,  111.;  Alice  (Mrs.  Jackson),  and 
Ednah  (Mrs.  Russell),  of  Evanston. 

Mr.  Watson  established  his  home  in 
Evanston  in  1869,  and  during  the  early 
years  of  his  residence  there  was  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  South  Evanston 
and  also  a  member  of  the  School  Board. 
He  was  an  attendant  at  the  services  of  the 
Congregational  Church.  His  death  oc- 
curred at  Evanston,  July  28,  1904. 

He  was  regarded  as  one  of  the  most 
worthy  and  useful  members  of  the  com- 
munity, and  his  estimable  widow  is  held  in 
the  highest  regard  by  a  wide  circle  of 
friends. 


ISAAC  R.  HITT,  Jr. 

Isaac  Reynolds  Hitt,  Jr.,  residing  in 
Washington  D.  C,  was  born  in  Chicago, 
111.,  September  7,  1864.  Mr.  Hitt's  child- 
hood  was   spent   in   the   city   of   his   birth. 


In  1871  his  parents  moved  to  Evanston,  111., 
and  there  the  subject  of  this  sketch  lived 
until  1898.  Since  February  i,  of  that  year, 
he  has  been  a  resident  of  Washington,  D. 
C,  where  his  home  is  at  No.  1334  Columbia 
Road.  The  primary  mental  training  of 
Mr.  Hitt  was  received  in  the  public  schools 
of  Evanston,  111.,  and  he  afterwards  became 
a  pupil  in  the  Preparatory  School  of  North- 
western LTniversity,  graduating  therefrom 
in  1883.  He  was  graduated  from  North- 
western University  with  the  class  of  1888, 
receiving  the  degree  of  B.  S.,  that  of  M.  S., 
being  conferred  upon  him  by  his  alma 
mater  in  1894,  the  year  of  his  graduation 
from  the  Kent  Law  School,  now  Lake 
Forest  University  Law  School. 

During  his  preparatory  course,  Mr.  Hitt 
belonged  to  the  Euphonia  Literary  Society, 
and  was  Captain  of  the  Football  Eleven. 
In  the  University  he  was  President  of  the 
Hinman  Literary  Society,  and  Captain  of 
the  University  Football  Eleven.  While  in 
that  institution,  he  was  one  of  the  reorgan- 
izers  of  the  Illinois  Alpha  Chapter  of  the 
Phi  Delta  Theta  Fraternity,  later  Province 
President,  and  in  1891-93  was  in  the  Gen- 
eral Council  of  that  fraternity.  He  partic- 
ipated in  the  "Hinman  Essay  Contest," 
acted  in  the  capacity  of  business  manager 
of  "The  Northwestern"  (Magazine)  ; 
served  on  the  board  of  business  managers 
of  the  "Syllabus ;"  and  was  one  of  the  four 
organizers  of  the  "LTniversity  Press."  Since 
making  his  home  in  Washington,  D.  C, 
Air.  Hitt  has  been,  since  its  organization  and 
is  still,  a  member  of  the  Council  of  the  Uni- 
versity Club,  President  of  the  Northwestern 
Alumni  Club,  and  re-organizer  of  the  Phi 
Delta  Theta  Alumni  Club. 

From  1898  to  1902  Mr.  Hitt  held  the 
position  of  Law  Clerk  in  the  Law  Division 
of  the  Internal  Revenue  Bureau  in  the 
Treasury  Department,  and  became  Chief  of 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


595 


the  Miscellaneous  Division  of  that  Depart- 
ment in  the  latter  year.  He  is  President  of 
the  Illinois  Republican  Association  of  the 
District  of  Columbia,  and  is  President  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Calvary  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church  of  Washington.  D. 
C.  He  compiled  the  Internal  Revenue 
Laws  in  1900.  and  the  Legal  Tax  Laws  and 
Decisions.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Bar  of 
the  L'nited  States  Supreme  Court,  the 
Court  of  Claims,  and  Supreme  Court  and 
Court  of  Appeals  of  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia. 

On  November  13,  1889,  at  Logansport, 
Ind.,  Mr.  Hitt  was  united  in  marriage  with 
Rosa  May  Birch  (N.  W.  U.  Ex.  "87).  Four 
children  are  the  offspring  of  this  union, 
namely :  Ruth  Emma,  born  October  8,  1890  ; 
Leila  Birch,  born  July  29,  1892 ;  William 
Birch,  born  July  17,  1895  •  ^"<i  Isaac  Rey- 
nolds, III.,  born  June  7,  1901. 


CARL    ELLSWORTH    BLACK,   A.    M., 
M.  D. 

Dr.  Carl  E.  Black,  physician  and  surgeon 
who  is  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession in  Jacksonville,  111.,  was  born  in 
Winchester,  111.,  July  4,  1862,  the  son  of 
Green  V.  and  Jane  (Cohenour)  Black,  of 
whom  the  former  is  Dean  of  the  Dental 
Department  of  Northwestern  University. 
In  boyhood  the  subject  of  this  sketch  re- 
ceived his  primary  mental  training  in  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  place,  and  grad- 
uated from  the  High  School  in  1881.  He 
then  entered  Illinois  College,  from  which 
he  received  the  degree  of  B.  S.  in  1883.  In 
1887,  he  graduated  from  Northwestern 
University  Medical  School  with  the  degree 
of  M.  D.,  afterwards  pursuing  post-grad- 


uate courses  of  medical  study  in  New  York 
City  and  Vienna.  In  1903,  the  degree  of 
A.  M.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Illinois 
College.  He  was  awarded  the  prize  for 
the  best  essay  on  the  "Principle  and  Prac- 
tice of  Operative  Surgery,"  and  the 
Stephen  Smith  prize,  inscribed  by  Dr.  N. 
S.  Davis,  for  the  best  Inaugural  Thesis 
submitted  to  the  faculty  of  the  Chicago 
Medical  College  of  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity, by  the  graduate  class  of  1887. 

Since  his  graduation,  Dr.  Black  has  been 
engaged  in  practice  in  Jacksonville,  and  for 
a  number  of  years  his  attention  has  been 
devoted  almost  exclusively  to  surgerv.    Dr. 
Black  is  a  member  of  the  American  Medi- 
cal Association;  The  Illinois  State  Medical 
Society,  of  which  he  was  Chairman  of  the 
Legislative  Committee  from  1900  to  1903; 
Counsellor  for  the  Sixth  District,  President 
in  1903-4,  and  Chairman  of  the  Council  in 
1906-7,  of  the   Mississippi  Valley   Medical 
Society ;  the  Western  Illinois  Medical  and 
Surgical  Society,  the  Morgan  County  Medi- 
cal   Society,   and   the  Jacksonville   ]iledical 
Club.     From   1896  to   1902,  he  was  editor 
of  the  Morgan  County  "Medical  Journal ;" 
and.  in  1903-06,  was  Chairman  of  the  Com- 
mittee    managing    the     "Illinois     Medical 
Journal,"    is    also    associate    editor    of    the 
"Medical    Fortnightly."      He  is  a  member 
of  the  Jacksonville  Literary  LTnion,  Presi- 
dent of  the  Morgan  County  Historical  So- 
ciety, a  Trustee  of  Illinois  College,  a  director 
of    the    Jacksonville    Public    Library    and 
\'ice-President  and  acting  President  of  the 
Illinois  State  Library  Association,  1905-06. 
On   June    12,    1899,   the   subject   of   this 
sketch  was  united  in  marriage,  at  Jackson- 
ville, 111.,  with  Bessie  McLaughlin,  and  four 
children   have    been    born    of    this   union : 
Kirby    \'aughn,    Carl    Ellsworth,    Dorothy 
Lawrence,  and  Marjorie  \'auderman. 


596 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


PROF.    OSCAR    OLDBERG. 

Prof.  Oscar  Oldberg,  a  prominent  phar- 
macist of  Chicago,  was  born  in  Alfta,  Hel- 
singland,  Sweden,  January  22,  1846,  the 
son  of  Andrew  and  Fredrika  (Ohrstromer) 
Oldberg,  both  of  whom  were  also  natives 
of  that  country,  the  former  born  in  1804, 
and  the  latter,  in  1808.  Andrew  Oldberg 
was  a  man  of  superior  intellect  and  fine 
attainments.  He  was  an  author  of  note, 
and  had  a  high  reputation  as  an  educator. 
In  religious  belief,  he  was  an  adherent  of 
the  Lutheran  Church.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  University  of  Upsala,  and 
for  many  years  was  the  head  of  Prince 
Oscar's  School,  a  connection  which  was 
terminated  in  1845.  I"  t'^^t  year  he  was 
appointed  rector  of  the  Parish  of  Alfta. 
There,  in  1866,  he  departed  this  life.  His 
wife  passed  away  in  1882. 

Oscar  Oldberg  was  the  seventh  of  nine 
children.  In  early  youth  he  made  diligent 
use  of  the  opportunities  for  mental  train- 
ing afforded  by  the  public  schools  in  the 
vicinity  of  his  home,  and  afterwards  pur- 
sued a  course  of  study  in  the  Gymnasium  of 
Gefle,  Sweden.  His  education  was  ob- 
tained to  a  considerable  extent,  however, 
through  instruction  received  from  private 
tutors.  He  was  reared  at  Alfta  on  the 
Woxna  River,  where  his  childhood  was 
passed  among  the  mountains.  During  the 
period  when  he  was  approaching  manhood 
he  devoted  considerable  attention  to  music, 
having  experienced  throughout  his  juven- 
ile years  a  strong  inclination  for  that  art. 
In  i86i  he  secured  a  position  in  the  drug 
store  of  Sir.  F.  W.  Helleday,  at  Falun, 
Sweden,  and  continued  in  the  employ  of 
that  gentleman  until  1865.  At  that  period 
he  became  a  licensed  pharmacist,  and  dur- 
ing the  same  year  left  his  native  country 
and  made  his  home  in  the  United   States, 


locating  in  New  York,  where  he  spent  two 
years  engaged  in  his  chosen  profession.  In 
1882  he  moved  to  Chicago. 

Prof.  Oldberg  is  a  member  of  the  Ameri- 
can Pharmaceutical  Association ;  the  A.  A. 
A.  S. ;  the  A.  Chemical  Society ;  the  Ameri- 
can Metrological  Society ;  the  National 
Geographic  Society ;  and  the  Chemical 
Society,  of  Germany. 

On  May  17,  1873,  at  Youngstown,  Ohio, 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  united  in 
marriage  with  Emma  Paritt,  who  was  born 
at  Atwater,  in  that  State,  and  underwent 
her  early  mental  culture  in  the  Ohio  schools. 
Three  children  resulted  from  this  union, 
namely :  Arne,  a  composer  of  music,  born 
July  12,  1874;  Olga.  born  April  16,  1876; 
and  Virgil,  a  mechanical  engineer,  born 
December  17,  1877. 

In  political  sentiment.  Prof.  Oldberg  is 
an  Independent  Republican,  and  in  relig- 
ious belief,  accepts  the  faith  of  the  New 
Jerusalem   (Swedenborgian)    Church. 


WILLIAM  NEWELL  BRAINARD. 

Capt.  William  N.  Brainard  (deceased), 
for  many  years  one  of  the  most  prominent 
citizens  of  Evanston,  Cook  County,  111.,  was 
born  in  De  Ruyter,  Madison  County,  N.  Y., 
January  7,  1823.  He  came  of  an  old  New 
England  family,  the  earliest  known  repre- 
sentative of  which  was  Daniel  Brainard, 
who  was  brought  to  America  when  eight 
years  of  age,  sometime  after  the  landing 
of  the  Pilgrims.  He  became  one  of  the 
proprietors  of  Haddam,  Conn.,  where  he 
settled  in  1662,  having  previously  lived  in 
the  Colony  at  Hartford.  The  maiden  name 
of  Captain  Brainard's  mother  was  Sally 
Gage,  who  was  born  in  Dutchess  County. 
N.  Y.,  and  the  Captain's  grandmother,  on 
the  maternal  side,  when  a  child,  witnessed 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


597 


the  tragic  massacre  at  Wyoming,  Penn- 
sylvania, in  which  two  of  her  brothers  were 
killed.  Another  brother,  who  reached  the  age 
of  one  hundred  years,  was  a  soldier  of  the 
Revolutionary  War.  The  father  of  Cap- 
tain Brainard  was  Jonathan  Brainard.  who 
moved  from  New  York  to  Painesville, 
Ohio,  in  1831,  but  returned  to  New  York  a 
year  later,  where  he  was  engaged  in  farm- 
ing until  his  death. 

Captain  Brainard  spent  his  boyhood  on 
his  father's  farm,  obtaining  his  education 
in  the  public  schools  and  at  the  De  Ruyter 
Institute.  He  began  teaching  when  eigh- 
teen years  of  age,  read  law  for  a  time  and 
afterwards  went  to  Rome,  N.  Y.,  where  he 
was  engaged  in  the  forwarding  and  ship- 
ping business  for  five  years.  In  1850  he 
sailed  from  New  York  on  the  Pacific  mail- 
ship,  Georgia,  from  which  he  landed  at 
Chagres,  on  the  way  to  California,  in  com- 
pany with  nine  others  going  to  Gorgona 
on  the  Chagres  River,  by  canoe,  rowed  by 
five  naked  natives,  and  thence  to  Panama, 
the  baggage  being  carried  on  pack  mules. 
From  there  he  went  by  vessel  to  San  Fran- 
cisco, which  he  reached  in  the  following 
December.  After  mining  for  a  time  on  the 
North  Fork  of  the  American  River,  he  went 
into  the  express  and  produce  business  at 
Sacramento,  in  which  he  continued  until 
1857.  While  living  in  Sacramento,  he  was 
elected  city  treasurer,  and  held  that  office 
during  the  formative  period  of  the  town. 

In  1853,  Captain  Brainard  returned  east 
as  far  as  Illinois,  and  became  interested 
with  others  in  fitting  out  a  wagon  train, 
which  convoyed  a  herd  of  cattle  across  the 
plains  to  California.  Then  continuing  his 
journey  eastward  to  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  on 
May  4,  1853,  he  was  married  to  Malinda  B. 
Coley,  at  her  home  in  Syracuse,  when  they 
sailed  together  for  California,  and  Mrs. 
Brainard    shared    with    her    husband    the 


thrilling  experiences  of  pioneer  life  there 
until  1857.  During  his  residence  in  Cali- 
fornia, Mr.  Brainard  served  as  Captain  of 
a  company  of  Vigilants,  and  thereby  gained 
the  title  which  clung  to  him  through  life. 

In  1857,  Captain  Brainard  returned  to 
his  native  State,  and,  after  spending  a  year 
in  Syracuse,  moved  to  Chicago,  where  he 
became  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trade, 
engaging  in  the  produce  business,  in  which 
he  continued  until  his  death.  In  1863,  he 
made  a  trip  to  Pike's  Peak.  He  served  one 
term  as  President  of  the  Chicago  Board  of 
Trade,  and  was  acting  President  of  that  or- 
ganization in  1872.  He  also  filled  a  num- 
ber of  important  official  positions  at  differ- 
ent times.  These  included  membership  on 
the  Board  of  Commissioners  of  the  Illinois 
and  ^Michigan  Canal,  by  appointment  of 
Gov.  Beveridge,  from  1873  to  1877,  and  as 
a  member  of  the  Railroad  and  Warehouse 
Commission,  by  appointment  of  Gov.  Ham- 
ilton, from  1883  to  1885.  From  1885  until 
1893  he  served  on  the  Board  of  Trade  com- 
mittee for  the  inspection  of  grain. 

In  1866,  Captain  Brainard  established  his 
home  in  Evanston,  where  he  was  a  leading 
citizen  during  the  remainder  of  his  life. 
He  served  as  a  member  of  the  Village 
Board  and  as  Town  Collector.  In  politics, 
he  was  a  supporter  of  the  Republican  party, 
and  fraternally,  was  a  member  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.  and  the  California  Pioneers'  Asso- 
ciation.    His  death  occurred  May  19,  1894. 

Mrs.  Brainard,  who  survives  her  husband, 
is  a  daughter  of  Col.  George  and  Hulda 
(Norton)  Coley,  of  Chenango  County,  N. 
Y.,  and  her  grandfather  was  a  quartermas- 
ter during  the  Revolutionary  War,  under 
Washington.  Besides  Mrs.  Brainard,  the 
only  member  of  this  family  living  in  1905, 
was  her  daughter,  Mrs.  Frances  Marian 
Belknap.  A  son,  William  Valejo  Brainard, 
died  in  1887,  and  a  daughter,  Hattie  Belle, 
died  in  childhood. 


598 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


JOHN  R.  WOODBRIDGE. 

John  R.  W'oodbridge  (deceased),  well- 
known  in  business  circles  of  Chicago  and 
throughout  the  West  as  merchant  and  man- 
ufacturer, and  for  some  years  before  his 
death  a  resident  of  Evanston,  111.,  was  born 
at  Fort  Recovery,  Ind.,  August  i6,  1851, 
the  son  of  Ebenezer  and  Eliza  (Ripley) 
Woodbridge,  and  a  descendant  of  Rev.  John 
Woodbridge,  who  came  from  England  and 
settled  at  Newberry,  Mass.,  in  1683. 
Through  its  English  ancestry,  the  lineage 
of  the  family  is  traced  to  King  Henry  I.  of 
France. 

When  he  was  four  years  of  age,  and 
when  Illinois  was  still  regarded  as  a  part 
of  the  "Far  West,"  Mr.  Woodbridge"s  par- 
ents removed  to  Lee  Center  in  this  State, 
and  the  son  passed  the  years  of  his  boyhood 
at  that  place,  receiving  the  mental  train- 
ing in  the  public  schools  and  at  Lee  Center 
Academy,  which  fitted  him  for  a  successful 
business  career.  Leaving  home  when  he 
was  seventeen  years  of  age,  he  came  to  Chi- 
cago and  obtained  his  first  employment  in 
the  Methodist  Book  Concern — then,  as  now, 
one  of  the  great  church  publishing  houses 
in  the  West  and  a  powerful  agency  in  ad- 
vancing church  interests.  In  this  institu- 
tion he  was  well  trained  morally,  religious- 
ly and  industrially,  and  developed  early  in- 
to a  capable  man  of  affairs.  After  serving 
the  Book  Concern  for  several  years,  win- 
ning the  approbation  and  gaining  the  high 
regard  of  those  with  whom  in  this  connec- 
tion he  was  brought  into  contact,  severing 
his  connection  with  the  publishing  concern, 
he  engaged  in  business  on  his  own  account, 
becoming  junior  member  of  the  firm  of 
Eldredge  &  Woodbridge,  pioneers  in  the 
manufacture  of  men's  furnishing  goods 
in  the  West.  A  few  years  after  they  began 
business  Mr.  Eldredge  died,  and  thereafter 


Mr.  Woodbridge  conducted  the  enterprise 
which  they  had  founded  under  the  firm 
name  of  Woodbridge  &  Co.,  building  up  a 
commercial  house  of  high  character  and 
constantly  expanding  trade.  In  later  years 
he  conducted  in  connection  with  his  factory 
a  large  laundry,  located  on  the  "West  Side" 
in  Chicago,  and  also  operated  salesrooms 
at  100  Madison  Street.  In  the  trade  with 
which  he  was  identified  he  became  widely 
known  throughout  the  West,  and  no  busi- 
ness house  in  the  city  had  a  higher  standing 
among  its  patrons.  Those  who  knew  him 
as  a  man  of  affairs  esteemed  him  alike  for 
his  sterling  integrity,  his  correct  business 
methods  and  his  uniform  courtesy  and  fair- 
ness in  all  of  his  dealings.  He  had  broad 
capacity  for  the  conduct  of  business,  was 
intensely  active  and  energetic,  and.  all  in 
all,  was  a  fine  type  of  the  self-made  west- 
ern business  man.  In  1892  he  came  to  Ev- 
anston to  live  and  soon  became  a  favorite 
in  social  and  club  circles  by  reason  of  his 
geniality,  his  kindliness  and  many  lovable 
traits  of  character.  A  man  of  charming 
personality,  he  drew  about  him  a  large  cir- 
cle of  devoted  friends,  to  whom  his  death, 
on  the  2ist  day  of  March,  1901,  brought  a 
deep  sense  of  personal  bereavement.  He 
was  a  Methodist  in  religious  belief  and  a 
leading  member  of  the  Emmanuel  Church  of 
Evanston,  taking  a  deep  interest  in  the  up- 
building of  the  church  and  the  advancement 
of  its  interests.  When  his  business  cares 
were  laid  aside,  he  found  his  favorite  recre- 
ation from  time  to  time  in  hunting  and 
other  out-door  sports ;  was  an  active 
and  leading  spirit  in  the  Evanston  Gun 
Club  and  the  Masonic  Order,  and  also  a 
member  of  the  Evanston  Club. 

Mr.  Woodbridge  was  first  married,  in 
1872,  to  Mary  H.  Grannis,  daughter  of 
Amos  Grannis  of  Chicago.  She  died  in 
1884,    leaving   two   daughters,    Anna    May 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


599 


and  Mary  Grannis  Woodbridge.  In  1887 
he  married  Miss  Georgia  E.  Tanner, 
daughter  of  Charles  Tanner  of  Chicago, 
who  survives  her  husband,  residing  at  the 
family  homestead  on  Asbury  Avenue. 
Their  children  are  Helen  Louise  and  John 
R.  Woodbridge,  Jr. 


MARY  BOYD  LINDSAY. 

Mary  B.  Lindsay,  Librarian  Evans- 
ton  Public  Library,  was  born  in  Peoria, 
111.,  the  daughter  of  James  Columbus  and 
Sarah  M.  (Dinwiddle)  Lindsay — the  for- 
mer born  at  McConnellsburg,  Pa.,  June 
20,  1829,  and  the  latter  at  Gettysburg,  Pa., 
November  3,  1834.  The  families  of  both 
parents  became  early  settlers  in  Peoria,  111. 
but  in  1903  removed  to  Evanston. 

Hugh  Dinwiddle,  the  great-great-grand- 
father of  Miss  Lindsay  on  the  maternal 
side,  served  as  Captain  in  the  York  (Pa.) 
"Associators"  during  the  Indian  War,  and 
was  also  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution,  serv- 
ing first  as  Major,  and  later  as  Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel, and  dying  in  the  service.  An- 
other ancestor  on  the  same  side,  Henry 
Black,  served  in  the  American  Revolution 
as  Captain  of  a  company  of  "Rangers." 

Miss  Lindsay  was  educated  in  the  Peoria 
High  School  and  in  the  New  York  State 
Library  School,  at  Albany,  in  that  State, 
and  later  taught  one  year  in  the  Peoria  pub- 
lic schools  and  a  year  in  the  Pettingill  Sem- 
inary of  that  city.  She  also  was  connected 
with  the  Peoria  Public  Library  for  a  time 
until  1894,  when  she  came  to  Evanston  to 
accept  the  position  of  Librarian  of  the  Free 
Public  Library  of  that  city,  which  she  has 
continued  to  occupy  to  the  present  time. 
In  July,  1905,  she  was  chosen  Secretary  of 
the  Evanston  Public  Library,  which  posi- 
tion she  still  retains.     She  was  President  of 


the  State  Library  Association  for  the  year 
1905-06.  Her  religious  affiliations  are  with 
the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Evans- 
ton. Miss  Lindsay's  long  identification 
with  library  work,  and  her  continuous  reten-. 
tion  of  the  position  which  she  has  occupied 
for  the  past  twelve  years,  as  well  as  the 
growth  of  the  Evanston  Library  under  her 
administration,  attest  the  value  of  the  ser- 
vice she  has  rendered  in  her  chosen  field 
of  labor  to  the  city  of  Evanston. 


EDGAR   OVET    BLAKE. 

Edgar  Ovet  Blake,  whose  reputation  as 
a  skillful  architect  has  been  thoroughly  es- 
tablished during  the  successful  pursuit  of 
that  profession  in  Evanston,  111.,  was  born 
in  Evanston,  July  22,  1866.  The  place  of 
his  birth  is  near  the  property  now  known 
as  Number  1632,  Chicago  Avenue,  Evans- 
ton. Mr.  Blake  is  a  son  of  Wallace  Hoyt 
and  Lucena  Mariette  (Herrick)  Blake, 
the  former  born  in  Williston,  Vt.,  and  the 
latter  a  native  of  Watertown,  N.  Y. 
For  many  years  the  occupation  of  Wallace 
Hoyt  was  that  of  a  wholesale  grocery  sales- 
man, but  he  is  at  present  living  in  retire- 
ment in  Colorado.  The  mother  of  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  passed  away  in  1885. 
In  1870,  the  family  moved  to  South  Evans- 
ton, and  were  among  the  earliest  settlers 
in  the  vicinity  where  they  located.  Mr. 
Blake's  ancestry  on  the  paternal  side  is 
traceable  in  America  to  the  year  1700, 
when  this  branch  of  the  family  settled  in 
Wrentham,  Mass.,  where  from  that  period 
its  successive  generations  have  continued 
to  own  and  occupy  land.  On  the  maternal 
side,  Mr.  Blake  is  descended  in  a  direct  line 
from  Edward  Winslow,  who  landed  from 
the  Mayflower  at  Plymouth  Rock,  in  1620. 

In  early  youth,  Mr.  Blake  made  diligent 


6oo 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


use  of  the  opportunities  for  mental  training 
afforded  by  the  South  Evanston  pubHc 
school,  and  supplemented  his  elementary 
studies  by  attending  the  Evanston  High 
School. 

In  1881,  he  entered  the  employ  of  John 
M.  Van  Osdel,  of  Chicago,  who  was  then 
one  of  the  most  prominent  and  successful 
architects  of  the  West.  This  period  marked 
the  inception  of  Chicago's  modern  archi- 
tecture, and  in  the  year  last  mentioned,  the 
Board  of  Trade  Building  and  the  John  V. 
Farwell  warehouse  in  that  city,  were  erect- 
ed. On  the  plans  for  the  latter  building, 
Mr.  Blake  assisted  as  office  boy.  When  he 
left  Mr.  Van  Osdel's  employ,  Mr.  Blake  be- 
came a  pupil  in  the  Art  Institute  of  Qiica- 
go,  where  he  remained  until  he  went  to  Eu- 
rope, finishing  his  architectual  studies  in 
Paris.  With  the  exception  of  the  period 
thus  spent  abroad,  Mr.  Blake  has  spent  his 
entire  life  in  Evanston  and  its  vicinity.  On 
returning  from  Europe,  he  was  employed 
in  the  architect's  office  of  the  World's  Col- 
umbian Exposition  in  Chicago,  and  worked 
on  the  plans  of  the  famous  buildings  includ- 
ed in  that  memorable  enterprise.  During  the 
six  months  of  its  continuance  he  had  abun- 
dant leisure  to  attend  the  "World's  Fair 
Congresses"  on  religious  and  economic 
questions,  and  there  began  the  course  of  in- 
vestigation which  resulted  in  his  present 
attitude  in  public  affairs.  Together  with 
many  others,  he  was  affected  by  the  finan- 
cial depression  which  followed  the  termi- 
nation of  the  great  Exposition  in  1893.  I" 
1896,  he  applied  himself  to  his  chosen 
work  in  Evanston,  and  has  since  confined 
himself  closely  to  the  practice  of  architec- 
ture, making  it  a  special  point  to  attend 
personally  (as  a  craftsman)  to  his  work,  as 
far  as  possible. 

He  has  furnished  plans  for  a  number  of 
business  buildings  and  several  fine  apart- 
ment buildings  in  Evanston,  beside  a  few 


churches  in  the  neigboring  towns.  His 
specialty,  however,  has  been  along  the  line 
of  moderate-priced  residences,  of  which  he 
has  designed  about  200,  mainly  in  Evanston. 
Of  these,  quite  a  number  were  built  for 
members  of  the  Northwestern  University 
staff  of  professors. 

On  November  13,  1890,  Mr.  Blake  was 
united  in  marriage  at  Evanston  with  Annie 
Elizabeth  Bradley,  who  was  born  in  Not- 
tingham, England,  April  15,  1866.  Two 
children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Blake,  namely :  Marion  Lucena,  born  Octo- 
ber 18,  1891,  and  Eleanor  Elizabeth,  born 
June   16,   1896. 

In  religious  association  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  is  identified  with  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church,  and  formerly  was  quite  ac- 
tive in  church  work,  and  in  the  work  of  the 
Epworth  League.  During  the  past  ten 
years,  however,  his  attention  has  been  al- 
most entirely  devoted  to  his  professional 
and  domestic  duties.  Politically,  Mr.  Blake 
was  formerly  a  Republican,  casting  his  first 
vote  for  Benjamin  Harrison  in  1888.  In 
1896,  he  became  a  Socialist,  as  the  ultimate 
result  of  his  study  of  sociological  and  eco- 
nomic problems,  at  the  World's  Fair  Con- 
gress of  1893.  Aside  from  his  chosen  occu- 
pation, he  has  always  taken  an  interest  in 
music,  but  never  made  a  special  study  of 
that  art.  In  1890,  during  his  absence  in 
Europe,  already  mentioned,  he  visited  the 
important  points  of  interest  in  England. 
France  and  Italy.  His  professional  repu- 
tation rests  securely  on  the  work  that  he 
has  wrought,  which  amply  attests  his 
ability  and  skill  as  an  architect. 


JOHN  JAY  SHUTTERLY. 

John  Jay  Shutterly  (deceased),  who  es- 
tablished his  home  in  Evanston  in  1880,  was 
one  of  its  most  active  and  progressive  citi- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


6oi 


zens.  He  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
July  14,  1826,  and  reared  in  the  village  of 
Carmichael,  near  Pittsburg,  Pa.  He  re- 
ceived his  education  at  Greene  Academy 
and  Jefferson  College,  Canonsburg,  Pa. 
From  the  latter  institution  (now  Washing- 
ton and  Jefferson  College),  he  was  gradu- 
ated in  1857. 

Mr.  Shutterly  began  business  in  Pitts- 
burg as  a  wholesale  grocer,  and  subsequent- 
ly engaged  in  real  estate  operations.  For 
years  he  managed  large  realty  interests  for 
Dr.  Hostetter,  of  "Hostetter  Bitters"  fame. 
In  1877  he  came  to  Chicago,  where  he  con- 
tinued in  the  real  estate  business  on  an  ex- 
tensive scale  for  a  long  period.  In  188 1  he 
built  fifty  houses  west  of  Deering,  and  later, 
thirty-six  flat  buildings  on  the  "South  Side." 
He  also  did  some  building  in  Evanston.  In 
1901  he  retired  to  a  small  fruit  farm  in  the 
vicinity  of  St.  Joseph,  Mich.,  where  he  died 
October  25,   1904. 

Mr.  Shutterly  was  a  member  of  the 
Charleston  Democratic  National  Conven- 
tion of  i860. 

During  the  Civil  War,  he  recruited  and 
assisted  in  equipping  a  company  for  the 
Fourteenth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volun- 
teer Cavalry,  of  which  he  was  commis- 
sioned as  captain.  He  participated  in  many 
of  the  principal  battles  of  the  war,  including 
that  of  Gettysburg,  and  was  for  many  years 
afterwards  a  member  of  John  A.  Logan 
Post,  G.  A.  R.,  of  Evanston.  He  married 
Ella  Gillis  of  Canonsburg,  Pa.,  and  they  had 
two  sons,  Eugene  E.  and  John  J.,  Jr.,  and 
two  daughters,  Mary  and  Lillie  H. 

Mr.  Shutterly  was  a  consistent  Christian 
and  was  very  active  in  church  work.  He 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  Emmanuel 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Evanston.  in 
which  he  served  on  the  building  committee, 
as  a  member  of  the  official  board,  leader  of 
the  Bible  class,  etc.  As  a  biblical  scholar 


he  acquired  considerable  reputation,  and 
was  a  famous  Chautauquan,  having  gradu- 
ated with  the  highest  number  of  points  ever 
credited  to  a  graduate  up  to  that  period. 
Twenty  seals  were  awarded  to  him,  each 
representing  a  special  course  of  study.  He 
was  a  man  of  uncommon  mental  vigor  and 
untiring  energy. 


EUGENE  E.  SHUTTERLY. 

Eugene  E.  Shutterly,  M.  D.,  a  well- 
known  physician  of  Evanston,  son  of 
John  Jay  Shutterly,  subject  of  the 
foregoing  sketch,  was  born  in  Can- 
onsburg, Pennsylvania,  January  2,  1861. 
He  received  his  early  mental  training  in 
the  schools  of  Pittsburg  and  completed 
his  education  at  Northwestern  Acad- 
emy. In  1888,  he  was  graduated  from  the 
HaJinemann  Medical  College,  Chicago,  be- 
gan practice  of  medicine  in  1889,  and  has 
since  gained  an  enviable  standing  in  the 
profession.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the 
stafT  of  Evanston  Hospital  since  the  insti- 
tution was  founded,  and  has  served  as 
Health  Commissioner  of  the  city. 

Dr.  Shutterly  was  married  in  1888  to 
Nettie  Rugg,  of  New  Lenox,  111.,  who  died 
in  1890.  In  1897  he  married  Elizabeth 
Miller,  of  Louisville,  as  his  second  wife. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  First  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Evanston. 


JAMES  HENRY  RAYMOND. 

James  H.  Raymond,  patent  lawyer,  whose 
office  is  located  at  No.  15 15  Monadnock 
Building,  Chicago,  111.,  and  who  resides 
at  No.  2148  Sherman  Avenue,  Evanston, 
111.,  was  born  in  Wilbraham,  Mass.,  June 
6,  1850.  He  is  a  son  of  Rev.  Miner  Ray- 
mond, D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  and  Elizabeth  (Hen- 


6o2 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


derson)  Raymond.  After  finishing  his 
primary  studies  in  the  piibhc  schools  of  his 
native  place,  Mr.  Raymond  became  a  pupil 
in  Wesleyan  Academy,  at  Wilbrahani, 
Mass.,  and  in  September,  1864,  entered 
Northwestern  University  at  Evanston.  He 
graduated  from  the  College  of  Liberal  Arts 
in  187 1,  and  from  the  Law  School  of  the 
University  (then  the  LInion  College  of 
Law)  in  1875.  In  187 1  he  received  the  de- 
gree of  A.  B.,  in  1873,  that  of  A.  M.,  and 
in  1875,  that  of  LL.  B.  During  his  under- 
graduate period,  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Hinman  Literary  Society  and  the  Phi  Gam- 
ma Delta  Fraternity,  and  won  every  prize 
contest  which  was  open  to  him,  with  two 
exceptions.  These  were  the  contest  for  the 
Hinman  Essay  prize,  from  which  he  was 
debarred  by  sickness;  and  the  Blanchard 
(now  Kirk)  oratorical  contest,  on  which 
occasion  for  certain  reasons  the  prize  was 
divided  between  ]\Ir.  Raymond  and  E.  R. 
Schrader  of  the  Class  of  "71,  by  a  divided 
vote  of  the  faculty. 

Mr.  Raymond  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1875  and  now  devotes  his  attention, 
chiefly,  to  the  specialties  of  patents,  copy- 
rights, trade-marks  and  corporations.  From 
April  15,  1874,  to  November  21,  1884,  un- 
der the  title  of  "Secretary  and  Treasurer," 
he  served  in  the  capacity  of  actuary  of  the 
Western  Railroad  Association,  a  bureau 
of  103  railroad  companies,  organized  for 
the  purpose  of  investigating  and  adjusting 
all  claims  for  the  infringement  of  patents 
in  use  by  them,  and  defending  all  patent 
suits  brought  against  members  of  the  asso- 
ciation. Mr.  Raymond  was  formerly  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Raymond  &  Veeder, 
and  subsequently,  of  that  of  Raymond  & 
Omohundro ;  the  present  firm  style  is 
Raymond  &  Barnett. 

Mr.  Raymond  is  a  member  of  the  Ameri- 


can Bar  Association,  having  been  for  one 
term  President  of  its  section  on  patents, 
trade-marks  and  copyrights  ;  of  the  Illinois 
State  Bar  Association ;  the  Chicago  Bar 
Association;  the  Chicago  Law  Institute; 
and  the  Chicago  Patent  Law  Association, 
of  which  he  was  the  founder  and  second 
President.  In  non-professional  relations, 
he  is  an  associate  member  of  the  Ameri- 
can Society  of  Mechanical  Engineers;  a 
member  of  the  Master  Car  Builders'  As- 
sociation and  of  the  Railway  Master  Me- 
chanics' Association. 

In  civic  connection,  he  is  a  member  of 
the  IVIunicipal  Association  of  Evanston,  and 
socially,  he  belongs  to  the  Union  League 
Club  of  Chicago  and  to  the  Evanston  Club. 
For  twelve  years  he  has  been  a  Trustee  of 
the  Northwestern  University,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Board's  Executive  Committee ; 
is  also  a  director  in  many  private  corpora- 
tions. 

On  October  13,  1874,  Mr.  Raymond  was 
united  in  marriage,  in  Springfield;  111.,  with 
Mary  S.  Edwards,  a  daughter  of  Hon.  Ben- 
jamin Stephenson  Edwards  and  wife  of  that 
city.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Raymond  have  had 
four  children  born  to  them,  namely :  Ed- 
wards F.,  of  Evanston;  Elizabeth  (Mrs. 
Frederick  C.  Woodward),  of  Evanston; 
Helena  Van  Wycke  (Mrs.  A.  R.  Carman), 
of  Argyle,  111.,  and  Miner,  a  student  in 
Northwestern  University  College  of  Lib- 
eral Arts,  of  the  Class  of  1907. 

Politically,  Mr.  Raymond  is  a  Sound- 
Money  Democrat.  In  1871-73,  he  was 
Secretary  of  the  first  Railroad  and  Ware- 
house Commission  of  Illinois.  Religiously, 
he  is  a  Methodist,  and  has  been  a  member 
of  the  First  Methodist  Church  of  Evanston 
since  1865.  In  fraternal  circles,  he  is 
identified  with  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  in  which 
order  he  is  a  Knight  Templar. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


603 


NATHAN  SMITH   DAVIS,  Jr.,  M.  D. 

Dr.  Nathan  Smith  Davis,  Jr.,  physician 
of  Chicago,  111.,  was  born  in  that  city,  Sep- 
tember 5,  1858,  the  son  of  Dr.  Nathan  S. 
and  Anna  M.  (Parker)  Davis,  and  a 
grandson  of  Dow  Davis.  His  father  was, 
for  many  years,  one  of  the  most  conspicu- 
ous figures  in  the  medical  profession.  Dr. 
Nathan  Smith  Davis,  Jr..  obtained  his  pri- 
mary education  in  the  schools  of  Chicago, 
and  then  pursued  a  literary  course  in 
Northwestern  University,  from  which  he 
was  graduated  in  1880,  with  the  degree  of 
A.  B.,  receiving  that  of  A.  M.  from  the 
same  source  three  years  later.  While  an 
undergraduate,  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Hinman  Literary  Society  and  the  Sigma 
Chi  and  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Fraternities.  On 
leaving  the  university,  he  began  the  study 
of  medicine  with  his  father,  in  Chicago,  and 
took  three  successive  courses  of  medical 
lectures  in  Chicago  Medical  College,  which 
now  constitutes  the  Medical  School  of 
Northwestern  University.  From  this  in- 
stitution he  was  graduated  in  1883.  In 
that  year  he  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  Chicago,  where  he  has  lived 
ever  since.  Dr.  Davis  took  post-graduate 
courses  in  Heidelberg,  Germany,  and  Vien- 
na, Austria,  in  1885. 

In  1884,  Dr.  Davis  became  Associate 
Professor  of  Pathology  in  Northwestern 
University  Medical  College,  and  in  1886, 
was  made  Professor  of  the  Principles  and 
Practice  of  Medicine,  and  of  Clinical  Med- 
cine.  At  a  later  period  he  became  Secre- 
tary, and  subsequently  Dean,  of  that  insti- 
tution. In  1884  he  was  chosen  physician 
to  Mercy  Hospital  in  Chicago.  Dr.  Davis 
was  a  member  of  the  general  busi- 
ness committee  and  more  recently  of 
the      council      and      judicial      council      of 


the  American  Medical  Association,  having 
previously  been  Secretary  of  the  Section  of 
Practice  and  Chairman  of  the  Section  of 
Therapeutics  in  that  body.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Council  of  the  Section 
of  Pathology  in  the  Ninth  International 
Medical  Congress,  and  of  the  Council 
of  the  Section  of  Practice  in  the 
Pan-American  Medical  Congress.  In  1893, 
he  was  Chairman  of  the  Section  of 
Practice  in  the  Illinois  State  Medical  So- 
ciety. Besides  the  American  Medical  As- 
sociation and  the  Illinois  State  Medical 
Society,  Dr.  Davis  is  a  member  of  the 
American  Academy  of  Medicine,  the  Amer- 
ican Climatological  Association,  the  Ameri- 
can Therapeutical  Association,  the  Ameri- 
can Tuberculosis,  the  Chicago  Pathological 
Society,  the  Chicago  Neurological  Society, 
the  Chicago  Medical  Society,  the  Chicago 
Medico-Legal  Society  and  the  Illinois 
State  Microscopical  Society.  Of  non-pro- 
fessional official  relations,  the  doctor  is  a 
Trustee  of  Northwestern  University,  and 
formerly  a  member  of  the  General  Board 
of  Management  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  of  Chi- 
cago. He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Chi- 
cago Academy  of  Sciences  and  the  Chicago 
Literary  Club,  Chicago  Art  Institute  and 
Chicago  Historical  Society.  The  subject 
of  this  sketch  is  the  author  of  several  med- 
ical works  of  high  repute,  among  which  are 
volumes  entitled,  "Consumption:  How  to 
Prevent  it  and  How  to  Live  with  it" ;  "Dis- 
eases of  the  Lungs,  Heart  and  Kidneys"; 
and   "Diet  in   Health  and  Disease." 

On  April  16,  1884,  Dr.  Davis  was  united 
in  marriage,  at  Madison,  Wis.,  with  Jessie 
B.  Hopkins,  a  daughter  of  the  late  Judge 
Hopkins,  of  that  city.  Four  children  have 
resulted  from  this  union,  three  of  whom  are 
living,  namely :  Nathan  Smith  Davis  HI. ; 
Ruth  Davis,  and  William  Deering  Davis. 


6o4 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


REV.   HUGH   P.    SMYTH. 

Rev.  Hugh  P.  Smyth,  pastor  St.  Mary's 
Roman  Catholic  Church,  Evanston,  111., 
was  born  a  little  over  fifty  years  ago  in 
County  Cavan,  Ireland,  attended  college  at 
All  Hallows,  Dublin  and  was  ordained  to 
the  priesthood  in  1881.  He  then  came  to 
America  and,  soon  after  arriving  in  New 
York,  came  to  Chicago,  and  became  assist- 
ant pastor  of  the  Church  of  the  Nativity, 
at  Union  Avenue  and  Thirty-seventh  Street, 
retaining  this  position  nine  years.  His  first 
charge  was  as  pastor  of  St.  Patrick's 
Church  at  Lemont,  where  he  remained  two 
years,  when  he  was  called  to  the  rectorship 
of  St.  Mary's  Church  in  Evanston,  being 
appointed  to  this  position  by  Archbishop 
Feehan,  and  taking  charge  of  the  parish  on 
May  6,  1893,  which  position  he  has  retained 
continuously  to  the  present  time.  (See 
"Catholic  Churches,"  Evanston,  in  chapter 
on  churches  in  the  historic  portion  of  this 
volume.) 

In  the  thirteen  years  of  Father  Smyth's 
connection  with  St.  Mary's  Church  it  has 
greatly  increased  in  the  number  of  its  com- 
municants, the  church  property  has  been 
greatly  improved,  and  he  has  acquired  a 
wide  popularity  among  all  classes  of  citi- 
zens. The  parochial  school  erected  during 
this  period  at  a  cost  of  $70,000  is  capable 
of  accommodating  a  large  body  of  pupils 
and  the  church  membership  has  nearly 
doubled.  Democratic  and  liberal  in  his 
tastes.  Father  Smyth  is  in  much  demand  as 
a  speaker  on  popular  occasions,  and  has 
been  frequently  called  upon  to  lecture  be- 
fore the  students  of  the  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity. He  takes  a  deep  interest  in  live 
questions  and  has  proven  himself  a  zealous 
champion  of  social,  moral  and  business  re- 
forms. In  an  address  made  before  a  credit 
men's  association,  a  few  months  before  the 


publication,  of  this  volume,  referring  to 
questions  occupying  much  popular  atten- 
tion, he  said:  "I  believe  in  pure  food,  pure 
water,  clean  streets,  air  free  from  grime  and 
soot,  and  stand  for  the  simple,  sweet  and 
peaceable  life  that  brings  out  the  best  in 
man  and   woman." 

The  twenty-fifth  anniversary  of  Fr. 
Smyth's  ordination  was  celebrated  in  St. 
Mary's  Church,  Evanston,  with  impressive 
religious  services  on  Sunday,  June  24,  1906, 
followed  by  a  banquet  in  the  parochial 
school  hall,  which  was  participated  in  by 
some  forty  visiting  priests.  Much  interest 
was  manifested  in  the  event  by  many  out- 
side of  the  popular  priest's  own  denomina- 
tion, and  he  was  made  the  recipient  of  nu- 
merous generous  gifts,  not  only  from  his  im- 
mediate parishioners  but  also  from  non- 
Catholic  friends,  amounting  in  all  to  $4,500. 


ELIZABETH  EUNICE  MARCY. 

Elizabeth  Eunice  Marcy,  wife  of  the  late 
Professor  Oliver  Marcy,  LL.  D.,  of  North- 
western University,  was  born  at  East 
Hampton,  Conn.,  December  22,  1821.  She 
is  of  Mayflower  stock  on  both  sides  of  her 
family,  tracing  her  lineage  in  direct  descent 
from  Elder  William  Brewster  and  Stephen 
Hopkins  of  Mayflower  fame.  Mrs.  Mar- 
cy's  life,  up  to  the  time  of  her  young  wom- 
anhood, was  spent  ih  her  home  in  East 
Hampton  in  the  atmosphere  of  a  thrifty 
New  England  family.  Nathaniel  Clark 
Smith,  her  father,  was  a  man  highly  re- 
spected in  the  community.  It  may  be  said 
of  him  that  he  practically  received  every 
office  in  the  gift  of  his  fellow  citizens.  He 
was  Justice  of  the  Peace,  Selectman,  No- 
tary Public  and  represented  his  town  in  the 
Legislature  for  several  sessions.  His  fam- 
ih-  is  directly  traceable  to  the  famous  East- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


605 


ham  Colony,  the  first  exodus  from  Plym- 
outh about  1644.  Her  mother,  Charlotte 
(Strong)  Smith,  is  said  to  have  been  a 
woman  of  remarkable  efficiency,  being  a 
lineal  descendant,  in  the  seventh  genera- 
tion, from  Elder  John  Strong  of  England, 
who  came  to  America  in  1630. 

Elizabeth  was  given  the  usual  opportu- 
nities for  education  in  the  public  schools, 
afterwards  in  private  schools  and  still  later 
in  the  Wesleyan  Academy  of  Wilbraham, 
Mass..  all  contributing  to  her  training,  af- 
ter which  she  had  further  development  in 
the  experience  of  teaching.  She  is  of  ar- 
tistic temperament  and  has  done  creditable 
work  in  this  line,  as  an  amateur  beginning 
at  a  very  early  age  to  copy  simple  designs. 
All  these  avocations  have  filled  a  long  and 
busy  life  of  one  whose  simple  vocation  was 
a  housekeeper.  Professor  Oliver  Marcy 
married  Elizabeth  Eunice  Smith  July  2, 
1847,  at  which  time  he  was  a  teacher  in  the 
Wilbraham.  Mass..  Academy.  Professor 
Marcy  was  a  member  of  a  very  old  and  dis- 
tinguished family,  being  descended  from 
John  Marcy,  son  of  the  High  Sheriff  of 
Limerick,  Ireland,  who  was  born  about  the 
year  1662  and  came  to  America  in  1685. 
From  him  the  direct  line  continues  through 
successive  generations  down  to  Thomas, 
the  father  of  Oliver.  Oliver  was  bom 
February  13.  1820,  graduated  at  Middle- 
town,  Conn.,  in  1846.  and  received  the  de- 
gree of  LL.  D.  from  the  Chicago  Univer- 
sity in  1873.  In  1862  Professor  and  Mrs. 
Marcy  came  to  Evanston,  111.,  he  having 
accepted  a  professorship  in  Northwestern 
University,  with  which  institution  he  was 
identified  until  his  death  on  March  ig, 
1899.  His  service  to  the  University  and 
the  science  of  Geology  gave  him  distin- 
guished rank  among  American  educators. 
To   Mr.  and   Mrs.   Marcy   were  born   four 


children:  Annie  Smith,  born  November  30, 
1851,  married  Dr.  Frank  Davis  April  21, 
1875,  and  died  February  22,  1900;  Edwin 
Grosvenor,  born  January  23,  1854,  died 
July  22,  1855  ;  Frederic  Malcolm,  born  No- 
vember 2,  1856,  died  September  25,  1857; 
and  Maude  Elizabeth  Olivia,  born  June  20, 
1862,  died  February  i,   1875. 

During  a  long  and  busy  life,  Mrs.  Marcy 
has  found  time  for  public  service  of  noble 
and  enduring  sort.  Her  passion  for  help- 
fulness found  expression  in  her  alliance 
with  the  Woman's  Foreign  and  Woman's 
Home  Missionary  societies  of  the  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  Church,  in  both  of  which  she 
was  a  charter  member.  The  early  historv 
of  these  movements  is  a  curious  record  of 
opposition  and  discouragement  from  other 
official  agencies,  and  everlasting  credit  is 
due  to  the  noble  and  intrepid  band  of 
women  who  declined  to  be  overawed  or 
discouraged,  and  among  these  Mrs.  Marcy, 
by  pen  and  voice,  was  a  recognized  leader. 
.As  a  sort  of  corollary  to  her  work  with  the 
Woman's  Home  Missionary  Society,  Mrs. 
Marcy  undertook  to  found  what  is  known 
as  the  Elizabeth  E.  Marcy  Home  in  one  of 
the  destitute  sections  of  Chicago.  The 
home  is  conducted  as  a  sort  of  religious 
settlement  and  is  now  a  center  of  acknowl- 
edgeil  help  and  usefulness,  a  source  of 
beauty  and  strength  to  those  who  receive 
its  benefits.  Mrs.  Marcy  was  also  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  Woman's  Christian 
Temperance  Union,  to  whose  crusade  she 
has  ever  been  one  of  the  most  valuable 
au-xiliaries.  She  is  a  member  of  the 
Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution,  be- 
ing entitled  to  this  order  by  the  service  of 
her  paternal  grandfather.  Sparrow  Smith, 
who  joined  the  Continental  Army  in  his 
seventeenth  year.  She  is  also  eligible  to 
membership  in  the  Colonial  Dames,  having 
for    her   progenitor   on    her   mother's    side 


6o6 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


Josiah  Cook,  who  rendered  soldier  service 
in  King  Philip's  War  in  1675.  On  her 
father's  side  she  is  a  descendant  of  the 
Rev.  John  Norton,  who  in  the  French  and 
Indian  War  was  made  Chaplain  of  a  line  of 
forts  in  Western  Massachusetts.  During 
the  service  he  was  carried  to  Canada,  where 
he  remained  captive  for  a  year.  After- 
ward he  settled  in  East  Hampton,  Conn., 
where  he  was  pastor  of  the  church  during 
the  remainder  of  his  life  of  thirty  years. 
She  is  also  by  lineal  descent  from  the  sign- 
ers of  the  original  Compact  of  the  Pilgrim 
Fathers,  a  member  of  the  Society  of  the 
Women  of  the  Mayflower  of  the  State  of 
Illinois. 

Mrs.  Marcy's  contributions  to  the  press 
have  been  numerous.  In  prose  they  have 
been  chiefly  in  the  direction  of  her  philan- 
thropic work,  some  of  them  being  of  such 
importance  as  to  warrant  their  distribution 
by  tens  of  thousands  in  pamphlet  form.  In 
verse  Mrs.  Marcy  has  been  less  prolific  but 
not  less  successful.  She  excels  as  a  writer 
of  occasional  hymns  and  songs.  One  of 
her  hymns,  originally  contributed  to  the 
Hymnal  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
has  been  taken  up  by  other  hymnals  and 
has  been  sung  with  great  acceptance  by 
congregations  all  over  the  world.  In  per- 
son, Mrs.  Marcy  is  most  approachable  and 
companionable.  The  wide  variety  of  her 
interests,  her  intellectual  keenness,  the 
breadth  and  geniality  of  her  sympathies, 
the  high  quality  of  her  culture  and  her  deep 
spirituality  invest  her  with  exceptional 
charms.  She  has  lived  a  long,  diligent  and 
useful  life,  and  if,  by  reason  of  years,  her 
range  of  activity  is  now  restricted,  she  is 
none  the  less  an  inspiring  and  beloved  fig- 
ure in  a  wide  circle  of  friends  upon  whom 
the  blessing  and  the  balm  of  a  pure  spirit 
have  passed. 


CHARLES  C.  BRAGDON. 

Charles  C.  Bragdon,  A.  M.,  a  teacher  by 
profession,  who  is  Principal  of  the  Lasell 
Seminary  for  Young  Women,  at  Auburn- 
dale,  Mass.,  was  born  in  Auburn,  N.  Y., 
September  6,  1847.  In  boyhood  he  attend- 
ed public  school,  and  in  early  manhood 
pursued  courses  of  study  in  Northwestern 
Female  College,  and  in  the  Preparatory 
Department  of  Northwestern  University, 
where  he  graduated  in  1865,  and  received 
the  degree  of  A.  M.  in  regular  course  in 
1868.  At  a  later  period,  the  degree  of 
LL.  D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  North- 
western L^niversity.  From  1872  to  1874, 
Mr.  Bragdon  continued  his  studies  in  Ger- 
many. He  is  a  charter  member  of  the 
Alpha  Phi  Kappa  Psi  Fraternity,  and  dur- 
ing his  collegiate  course,  belonged  to  the 
Adelphic  Literary  Society. 

From  1865  to  1867,  Mr.  Bragdon  taught 
in  the  Williamsport  Seminary,  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  from  1868  to  1872,  in  the  Wes- 
leyan  Female  College,  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
On  June  30,  1869,  he  was  united  in  mar- 
riage with  Kate  R.  Ransom,  of  Williams- 
port,  Pa.,  and  they  became  the  parents  of 
two  children,  namely :  Katherine  Belle  and 
Tohn  Ransom. 


FRANKLIN  SEXTON  CATLIN. 

Franklin  S.  Catlin,  a  worthy  and  prom- 
ising representative  of  the  younger  element 
of  attorneys-at-law  in  Chicago,  111.,  was 
horn  in  that  city  September  16,  1876,  the 
only  son  of  Charles  and  Mary  Edith 
(Woods)  Catlin,  both  of  whom  were  na- 
tives of  Chicago.  On  the  maternal  side  he 
is  descended  from  Michael  Humphrey,  who 
settled  in  Connecticut  in  1647.  Mr.  Charles 
Catlin  is  Cashier  of  the  Money  Order  De- 
partment of  the  Chicago  Post  Office. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


607 


The  youthful  mental  training  of  Mr. 
Catlin  was  obtained  in  the  "Lincoln"  Pub- 
lic Grammar  School,  of  Chicago,  after 
which  he  became  a  pupil  in  the  old  Chicago 
Manual  Training  School,  from  which  he 
was  graduated  in  1894.  He  then  entered 
the  Northwestern  University  Law  School, 
graduating  therefrom  in  1896,  and  receiv- 
ing the  degree  of  LL.  B.  In  that  year  he 
was  a  contributor  to  the  "Northwestern 
University  Law  Review."  As  he  was  too 
young  for  admission  to  the  bar,  being  but 
nineteen  years  old,  he  took  a  post-graduate 
course  in  the  Chicago  College  of  Law  (the 
law  department  of  Lake  Forest  University), 
which  also  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of 
LL.  B.  In  November,  1897,  Mr.  Catlin 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  became  con- 
nected with  the  law  firm  of  Loesch  Broth- 
ers &  Howell,  with  whom  he  remained 
three  years.  Since  1900  he  has  continued 
in  practice  alone. 

In  politics,  Mr.  Catlin  is  an  earnest  ad- 
herent of  the  Republican  party,  and  takes 
an  active  part  in  the  work  of  its  local  or- 
ganization, having  acted  as  secretary  of  his 
precinct  and  clerk  of  election  for  six  years. 
His  religious  connection  is  with  Unity 
Church  (long  under  the  ministry  of  Rev. 
Robert  Collyer),  of  which  he  is  secretary. 
In  fraternal  circles  he  is  identified  with  the 
A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  being  a  member  of  Orien- 
tal Lodge  No.  23'  of  Chicago,  of  which  his 
father  has  been  Secretary  for  the  past 
twenty-seven  years.  He  is  also  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  North 
Side  Club,  a  social  organization.  Mr.  Cat- 
lin is  somewhat  of  an  expert  in  aquatic 
sports.  In  1896  he  won  the  Junior  Single 
Shell  championship,  and  was  one  of  the 
winners  of  the  Junior  Pair-oared  Shejl 
championship,  in  the  regatta  of  the  Missis- 
sippi Valley  Amateur  Rowing  Association, 


at  Black  Lake,  Michigan.  He  is  secretary 
of  the  Catlin  Boat  Club,  which  was  organ- 
ized in  1882,  and  a  member  of  the  American 
Canoe  Association. 


GEORGE  W.  WHITEFIELD,  M.  D., 
D.  D.  S. 

George  W.  Whitefield,  physician,  D.  D. 
S.,  was  born  near  Boston,  Mass.,  September 
30,  1855,  the  son  of'Rev.  John  and  Martha 
(Kemp)  Whitefield,  and  a  grand  nephew 
of  Rev.  George  Whitefield,  the  celebrated 
English  evangelist  of  the  eighteenth  cen- 
tury. In  boyhood,  he  was  brought  by  his 
parents  to  Aurora,  111.,  where  he  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  school  and  high  school, 
his  first  employment  after  leaving  school 
being  as  a  bookkeeper.  While  still  in  his 
"teens  he  opened  an  art  store  in  Aurora, 
and,  after  reaching  manhood,  spent  some 
time  on  the  plains.  In  1879  he  began  study 
and  laboratory  work  preparatory  to  open- 
ing a  dental  office  during  the  following 
year,  in  the  meantime,  while  engaged  in 
practice,  pursuing  medical  and  dental  col- 
lege courses,  taking  the  D.  D.  S.  degree  at 
the  Chicago  Dental  College  in  1885,  and 
that  of  M.  D.  from  Rush  Medical  College 
in  1886.  The  official  positions  which  he 
has  held  in  connection  with  his  profession 
include  the  chair  of  Dental  Pathology  in 
the  American  Dental  College  and  that  of 
Electrical  Therapeutics  in  the  Dental  De- 
partment of  the  Northwestern  University ; 
also  for  some  time  was  Aural  Surgeon  in 
connection  with  the  Protestant  Orphan 
Asylum,  and  Assistant  Surgeon  under  the 
celebrated  Dr.  Gunn  preceding  the  death  of 
the  latter  in  1887.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Chicago  Dental  Society,  the  Odontographic 
Society  and  the  Electric  Club,  and  served 


6o8 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


as  delegate  to  the  Ninth  International  Med- 
ical Congress  ;  is  also  the  inventor  of  several 
valuable  instruments  now  in  general  use  in 
connection  with  electro-therapy. 

On  January  31,  1895,  Dr.  Whitefield  was 
married  to  Fannie  Comstock,  daughter  of 
Charles  Comstock.  and  they  have  one- 
daughter,  Julia  Sprague.  For  five  years  he 
was  a  member  of  Company  D,  Third  Regi- 
ment I.  N.  G.,  and  served  with  his  regiment 
in  suppressing  the  riots  at  Braidwood,  111., 
in  1877.  Owing  to  failing  health  he  en- 
tered commercial  life,  serving  for  a  time 
as  Vice-President  of  a  company  whose  bus- 
iness interests  led  to  his  making  a  trip  to 
the  tropics.  In  a  short  tmie,  having  re- 
gained his  health,  he  returned  home  in 
1903  and  resumed  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession, which  he  has  followed  continuous- 
ly since.  He  was  Vice-President  of  the 
American  Fruit  and  Transportation  Com- 
pany and  a  Director  of  the  Rio  Bonito 
Company.  His  residence  and  office  are  at 
No.  1 5 18  Hinman  Avenue,  Evanston. 


FRANK    LYNN    BORTON. 

Frank  Lynn  Borton  was  born  near  Phil- 
adelphia, Pa.,  in  1863.  of  Quaker  parentage. 
Mr.  Borton  has  been  in  the  service  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  System  for  twenty 
years  and  is  Assistant  to  the  Manager  of 
the  Star  Union  Line,  the  through  freight 
department  of  the  Pennsylvania  Lines.  He 
has  been  a  resident  of  Evanston  for  eleven 
years,  is  a  member  of  the  Official  Board  of 
Emmanuel  Methodist  Church,  and  has  al- 
ways taken  an  active  interest  in  municipal 
affairs.  Mr.  Borton's  home  is  at  740  For- 
est Avenue. 


DAVID  R.  DYCHE,  M.  D. 

Dr.  David  R.  Dyche  (deceased)  was 
born  near  Red  Lion,  Warren  County. 
Ohio,  March  11,  1827,  the  son  of  William 
Dyche,  who  was  a  farmer  by  occupation. 
The  son  was  brought  up  on  a  farm,  mean- 
while receiving  his  education  in  the  pub- 
lic schools,  at  Lebanon  Academy  and 
under  private  tutorship,  after  which  he 
began  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr. 
Joshua  Stearns  of  Lebanon,  still  later  tak- 
ing a  course  in  the  Medical  College  at 
Cincinnati,  from  which  he  graduated  in 
1854.  He  then  began  practice  in  the 
town  of  Monroe.  Butler  County.  Ohio, 
where  he  remained  nine  years.  In  1865, 
coming  to  Chicago,  at  the  end  of  the  year 
he  engaged  in  the  drug  business,  first  at 
the  corner  of  Randolph  and  Dearborn 
Streets.  The  fire  of  1871  having  destroyed 
his  place  of  business,  he  soon  afterward 
erected  the  Dyche  building  at  the  corner 
of  Randolph  and  State  Streets,  in  which 
he  continued  business  until  his  death 
August  4,  1893. 

L^p  to  1874,  Dr.  Dyche's  residence  was 
in  the  city  of  Chicago.  He  then  removed 
to  Evanston,  where  he  continued  to  reside 
during  the  remainder  of  his  life,  taking  an 
active  part  in  the  building  up  of  that  city. 
He  was  one  of  the  active  members  of  tlie 
Citizens"  League,  which  did  much  to  keep 
saloons  from  obtaining  a  foothold  in  the 
city  in  violation  of  the  "Four-Mile  Limit 
Law."  He  was  an  active  factor  in  the 
founding  of  the  W^oman's  Medical  Col- 
lege, afterwards  identified  with  the  North- 
western University,  and  in  the  promotion 
of  the  medical  department  of  the  Univer- 
sity :  and  was  also  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  School  of  Pharmacy  connected  with 
that  institution.  He  became  a  member  of 
the  Methodist  Church  in  early  life,  and 
took  a  deep  interest  in  church  affairs  and 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


609 


in  the  upbuilding  of  the  Northwestern 
University,  with  which  he  was  closely 
identified  as  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  soon  after  coming  to  Evanston. 
and  continuously  thereafter  until  his 
death. 

Dr.  Dyche  was  married  in  Monroe, 
Ohio,  in  1856,  to  Mary  S.  Boyd,  a  daugh- 
ter of  Andrew  Boyd  of  that  place,  and 
they  had  two  sons,  both  of  whom  sur- 
vive, namely  :  William  A.,  former  Mayor 
of  the  City  of  Evanston,  and  present  Busi- 
ness Manager  of  the  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity, and  Dr.  George  B.  Dyche.  who  is 
a  physician  in  the  city  of  Chicago. 

Liberal,  public-spirited  and  enterpris- 
ing, Dr.  David  R.  Dyche  was  one  of  the 
most  influential  factors  in  promoting  the 
benevolent,  educational*  and  moral  inter- 
ests of  the  city  with  which  he  was  so 
closelv  identified  for  twenty  years. 


JOHN  CARNEY. 

John  Carney  (deceased),  who  spent  his 
entire  life  of  nearly  fifty-four  years  in 
Evanston.  111.,  and  served  twenty-three 
years,  in  all,  as  head  of  its  police  force, 
died  September  21,  1899.  within  three 
blocks  of  the  spot  where  he  was  born 
January  7,  1846.  His  parents  were  John 
and  Mary  (  Lindsay)  Carney,  natives  of 
County  Mayo.  Ireland.  His  father,  born 
in  Castlebar,  County  Mayo,  was  reared  to 
farming,  and  on  coming  to  the  L'nited 
States  in  1835,  sought  what  was  then  the 
Far  West,  and  settled  on  the  prairie 
twelve  miles  north  of  the  village  of  Chi- 
cago, and  on  the  site  of  the  present  city 
of  Evanston.  The  tract  of  land  on  which 
he  located  is  now  bounded  on  the  north 
by  Church  Street,  south  by  Greenleaf 
Street,  east  bv  Railroad  Avenue,  and  west 


by  the  western  limits  of  Evanston.  Here 
he  applied  himself  to  farming,  being  one 
of  the  first  of  the  pioneers  to  bring  land 
under  cultivation  in  this  region.  His  old 
homestead  is  now  No.  1314  Ridge  Avenue, 
and  he  continued  to  reside  there  until  the 
Northwestern  L^niversity  was  established, 
and  the  ground  on  which  it  stood  was 
purchased  for  the  use  of  that  institution. 
He  then  moved  to  a  place  near  the  present 
Rose  Hill  Cemetery,  where  lie  was  occu- 
pied in  farming  for  two  years. 

In  the  meantime,  Evanston  having  been 
laid  out,  he  established  his  home  in  the 
new  village,  where  he  became  the  owner 
of  the  block  of  ground  on  Asbury  Avenue 
between  Grove  and  Lake  Streets.  There 
he  built  the  residence  in  which  he  lived 
during  the  remainder  of  his  days,  dying 
there  April  3,  1874,  at  the  age  of  ninety- 
seven  years.  His  widow,  who  reached 
the  age  of  ninety-two  years,  passed  away 
August  12,  1896.  Both  of  these  worthy 
pioneers  were  typical  early  settlers,  and 
throughout  their  long  lives,  enjoyed  the 
high  esteem  of  their  contemporaries  in 
early  settlement,  and  that  of  the  later  gen- 
eration that  grew  up  around  them. 

John  Carney,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
was  l)orn  at  the  early  homestead  on  Ridge 
Avenue.  He  attended  school  in  the  prim- 
itive log  school  house  in  the  village,  then 
called  Ridgeville,  and  was  subsecpiently 
a  pupil  in  the  historic  Catholic  school  in 
Chicago,  known  as  St.  Mary's  of  the  Lake. 
He  learned  the  butcher's  trade  as  a  boy. 
and  he  and  his  brother  William  were,  for 
some  time  during  his  early  manhood,  en- 
gaged in  the  meat  business  in  Evanston. 
Afterwards,  he  worked  at  the  painter's 
trade  until  1872,  when  he  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  pioneer  police  force  of  the  Vil- 
lage of  Evanston.  Among  the  Village 
Trustees    of    that    period    were    Lyman    J. 


6io 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


Gage.  Oliver  Willard,  J.  J.  Parkhurst  and 
others  who  gained  distinction  in  later  life. 
Mr.  Carney  was  the  first  Chief  of  Police 
of  the  incorporated  City  of  Evanston,  and 
became  widely  known  for  his  ability  as  a 
police  ofificer  and  detective.  He  had 
more  than  any  other  man  to  do  with  shap- 
ing the  character  of  the  force  and  making 
it  what  it  is  to-day.  After  1895  he  gave 
up  all  active  pursuits  and  lived  in  pleasant 
retirement  at  his  home  on  Asbury  Ave- 
nue. Throughout  his  official  life  he  was 
chiefly  interested  in  preserving  the  best 
possible  order  in  the  community,  and 
took  a  leading  part  in  establishing  the 
"four-mile  limit,"  within  which  saloons 
are  not  allowed  in  Evanston. 

Mr.  Carney  was  married  in  St.  Mary's 
Church,  Evanston,  June  12,  1870,  to  Ida 
Maria  Guinan,  a  native  of  Burr,  Kings 
County,  Ireland.  Mrs.  Carney  came  to 
the  United  States  with  her  parents,  John 
and  Anna  Guinan,  when  she  was  five 
years  of  age.  Her  family  settled  at  Day- 
ton, Ohio,  where  she  passed  the  early 
years  of  her  life.  The  only  child  of  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Carney  is  Mrs.  John  M.  James, 
the  infant  daughter  of  whom,  Irene,  rep- 
resents the  fourth  generation  of  the  fam- 
ily in  Evanston,  and  the  third  generation 
born  there. 

Like  his  father  before  him,  Mr.  Carney 
was  a  Catholic  Churchman.  His  widow, 
who  survives  him,  and  her  daughter  ad- 
here to  the  same  faith  and  are  communi- 
cants of  St.  Mary's  Church  in  Evanston. 


JOHN  BRENTON  CALLIGAN. 

John  Brenton  Calligan  (deceased),  for- 
merly a  well-known  citizen  of  Evanston, 
111.,  was  born  in  Machias,  Maine,  August 
19.    1848,   and   there   received   his   mental 


training  in  the  high  school.  His  parents, 
Warren  and  Catherine  (Hartley)  Calli- 
gan, died  when  he  was  very  young,  and 
he  was  adopted  into  the  family  of  Wil- 
liam Lorimer,  of  Machias,  where  he  was 
reared.  At  an  early  age  he  entered  the 
employ  of  the  Pope  Brothers,  who  oper- 
ated a  large  merchandising  and  lumber- 
ing concern  in  Machias,  and  for  many 
years  occupied  a  responsible  position  with 
this  firm.  About  1880,  he  went  to  Boston 
and  became  connected  with  the  mercantile 
house  of  R.  H.  W^hite.  There  he  remained 
until  1887,  when  he  resigned  this  posi- 
tion, and  coming  to  Chicago,  entered  the 
wholesale  hardware  trade  as  a  representa- 
tive of  the  Colby  Wringer  Company,  with 
which  he  continued  until  1896.  Retiring 
from  this  business,  he  then  purchased  a 
fruit  ranch  near  Boise  City,  Idaho,  to 
which  he  devoted  his  attention  mainly 
during  the  remainder  of  his  life.  In  1887 
he  established  his  home  in  Evanston. 
where  he  li\'ed  until  his  death,  which 
occurred  October  6,  1904. 

i\Ir.  Calligan  was  twice  marr-ied.  His 
first  wife,  to  whom  he  was  wedded  in 
1873,  was  Frances  Brown,  a  daughter  of 
Capt.  David  Brown,  of  Machias,  Maine, 
who  was  a  prominent  resident  of  that 
place.  She  died  in  Jvme.  1882.  Two  chil- 
dren resulted  from  this  union,  of  whom 
one  died  in   1882  and  the  other  in   1883. 

In  June,  1884,  Mr.  Calligan  was  united 
in  marriage  to  Annie  F.  Harlow,  a  daugh- 
ter of  Deacon  Alden  and  Temperance 
(Bourne)  Harlow,  of  Needham,  Mass. 
On  the  paternal  side,  Mrs.  Calligan,  who 
survives  her  husband,  is  a  lineal  descend- 
ant of  John  Alden,  the  Puritan,  and  comes 
of  a  noted  New  England  family.  One  of 
her  ancestors  in  the  paternal  line  was  Col. 
Anthony  Thomas,  of  Revolutionary  fame. 
.\nother  was  Col.  Briggs  Alden,  who  was 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


6ii 


a  close  personal  friend  of  Gen.  Washing- 
ton. On  the  maternal  side,  Mrs.  Calligan 
has  an  equally  distinguished  ancestry. 
One  of  her  ancestors  was  John  Bourne, 
who  walked  a  distance  of  forty  miles  to 
Boston  in  order  to  enlist  in  the  Revolution- 
ary Army.  He  was  with  Washington  at 
Valley  Forge,  and  the  record  of  his  mil- 
itary career  constitutes  a  narrative  of 
thrilling  interest.  He  lived  to  be  six 
months  more  than  a  hundred  years  old. 
Mrs.  Calligan's  grandfather,  Eleazer  Har- 
low, owned  and  lived  on  a  farm  adjoining 
that  of  Daniel  Webster,  at  Marshfield, 
Mass.  The  two  men  were  warm  personal 
friends,  and  Mr.  Harlow  was  one  of  the 
pall-bearers  at  the  funeral  of  the  great 
New  England  statesman. 

The  only  child  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Calli- 
gan is  Mrs.  Grace  Brenton  Williams,  who 
is  a  Daughter  of  the  Revolution,  and  pre- 
serves among  her  cherished  possessions 
the  cartridge  box  and  bayonet  of  her 
ancestor,  John  Bourne,  and  other  relics  of 
the  Revolution. 

Politically,  Mr.  Calligan  was  a  Re- 
publican of  pronounced  views.  Frater- 
nally, he  was  made  a  member  of  the 
Masonic  Order  in  Norfold  Lodge,  at 
Needham,  Mass.,  in  1883.  His  religious 
associations  were  with  the  Second  Pres- 
bvterian  Church  of  Evanston. 


ROBERT  DODDS. 

Dr.  Roljert  Dodds,  physician  and  sur- 
geon, who  is  located  at  No.  144  Oakwood 
Boulevard,  Chicago,  111.,  was  born  at 
Kirkmaiden,  Scotland.  February  12,  1856. 
In  boyhood  he  was  a  pupil  in  the  gram- 
mar schools  of  Scotland,  and  subsequently 
pursued  a  course  of  study  in  Ayr  Acad- 
emy, in  that  country.  He  graduated  from 
the    Medical    Department   of   tlie    North- 


western University  in  1890.  with  the  de- 
gree of  M.  D.  Dr.  Dodds  is  Attending 
Surgeon  to  the  Chicago  Baptist  Hospital 
and  the  Charity  Hospital,  Gynecologist  of 
the  Post-Graduate  School  and  Hospital, 
and  Lecturer  in  the  Methodist  Training 
School  for  Home  and  Foreign  Missions. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  American  Medical 
Association,  the  Illinois  State  Medical 
Society,  the  Chicago  Medical  Society,  the 
Chicago  Medico-Legal  Society,  and  the 
Chicago  Gynecological  Society.  Dr.  Dodds 
was  united  in  marriage  with  Jessie  B. 
Brown  in  April,  1890,  and  one  child  has 
been  the  oflfspring  of  this  union,  namely: 
Mary  West  Dodds. 


CASSIUS  M.  C.  BUNTAIN. 

Cassius  M.  Clay  Buntain,  lawyer,  of 
Kankakee,  Kankakee  County,  111.,  was 
born  in  Momence,  in  that  county,  October 
15,  1876,  the  son  of  Thomas  Jefferson  and 
Anna  (Vankirk)  Buntain.  His  early 
youth  was  spent  in  his  native  town,  where 
he  obtained  his  primary  mental  training 
in  the  public  school.  On  September  7, 
1 891,  he  entered  the  Momence  High 
School,  from  which  he  graduated  as  class 
orator  and  valedictorian  May  23,  1894. 
On  September  12,  1894,  he  entered  the 
Northwestern  University  Academy  at 
Evanston,  111.,  from  which  he  graduated 
June  8,  1896.  On  September  21,  1899,  he 
became  a  student  in  the  law  school  of 
Northwestern  University,  from  which  he 
graduated  June  19,  1902,  with  the  degree 
of  LL.  B.  He  had  previously  (Jime  15, 
1899)  received  the  degree  of  A.  B.  from 
Northwestern  L'niversity,  and  that  of  A. 
M.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  the  Col- 
lege of  Liberal  Arts  in  Evanston  June  19. 
1902.  In  1894-95,  he  was  President  of 
the  Momence  High  School  .\lumni  Asso- 


6l2 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


ciation,  and  Chairman  of  its  Executive 
Committee  in  1895-96.  The  prizes  which 
were  awarded  Mr.  Buntain  in  connection 
with  his  studies  in  Momence,  111.,  were  as 
follows:  a  silver  medal.  October  15, 
1890,  at  the  Inter-State  Hay  Palace  in 
that  place,  for  the  "best  scholarship  in 
arithmetic" ;  a  $3  prize  for  the  best  map 
of  the  United  States  drawn  from  mem- 
ory :  a  $3  prize  for  the  best  solution 
for  a  problem  in  mathematics:  a  prize  for 
the  best  note-book  kept  during  the  year ; 
first  prize  (a  silver  medal)  in  the  Demor- 
est  declamation  contest  at  Momence,  111.. 
April  3.  1891;  finst  prize  (a  g-old  medal) 
in  the  Demorest  declamation  contest  at 
Watseka.  111.,  .\ugust  20.  1891 ;  first  prize 
(a  gold  medal)  in  a  declamation  contest 
at  Chicago  Heights.  111..  January  6.  1894 : 
and  first  prize  (grand  gold  medal)  in  the 
Demorest  declamation  contest  at  Urbana, 
111.,  September  7,  1894.  In  Northwestern 
University  Academy.  Evanston.  111..  Air. 
Buntain  won  second  place  in  the  Colum- 
bian Oratorical  Contest,  Alay  25,  1895. 

In  the  course  of  his  academic  and  col- 
lege connections  Mr.  Buntain  received, 
in  1895-96,  a  State  scholarship  for  four 
years.  During  the  same  period,  he  was 
chosen  Trig  Cremation  orator.  In  1896- 
97.  he  was  a  member  of  the  Rogers  Debat- 
ing Club  and  was  nominated  by  the  class 
committee  as  editor  of  the  "Syllabus." 
In  1897-98.  he  was  Chairman  of  the  Pan- 
Hellenic  Association  ;  leader  of  the  Junior 
Promenade,  February  18,  1898;  member 
of  the  Junior  Play  Committee  and  cast, 
elected  a  member  of  the  Rogers  De- 
bating Club  team  for  1898-99:  and  Dele- 
gate to  the  province  convention  of  the 
"Phi  Deha  Theta"  Fraternity  at  Lin- 
coln, Nebraska,  May  19,  1898.  He  also 
represented  the  same  fraternity  at  its 
semi-centennial  convention  at  Columbus, 


Ohio.  November  21-25,  1898.  On  Sep- 
tember 29,  1904,  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  he  was 
elected  Vice-President  of  the  General 
Council  of  the  "Phi  Delta  Phi"  Fraternity. 
He  joined  the  "Phi  Delta  Theta"  Frater- 
nity December  7,  1895,  and  became  a 
member  of  the  "Theta  Nu  Epsilon"  Fra- 
ternity May  13,  1898.  He  was  initiated 
into  the  "Deru"  (Senior  Fraternity)  on 
May  27,  1898.  On  May  11.  1900.  he  was 
initiated  into  the  legal  fraternity  of  "Phi 
Delta  Phi."  On  May  24,  1901,  he  was 
elected  President  of  the  class  of  1902.  for 
the  senior  year  (1901-02).  During  the 
summer  of  1898.  Mr.  Buntain  served  as 
clerk  in  the  Adjutant  General's  Office 
(War  Department).  Washington,  D.  C. 
On  October  28th  of  the  same  year  he  was 
a  member  of  the  winning  team  in  the 
first  semi-final  debate  of  the  Inter  Society 
Debating  League.  On  January  13,  1899, 
he  was  a  Cleveland  declamation  contest- 
ant and  a  Lyman  J.  Gage  debate  contest- 
ant April  14,  1899.  On  February  21.  1899, 
he  was  elected  to  membership  in  the  Soci- 
ety of  American  Wars. 

On  October  7-8.  1902.  Mr.  Buntain 
passed  the  State  Bar  Examination  at 
Springfield,  111.,  and  on  October  17th.  fol- 
lowing, was  admitted  to  practice.  From 
February  2,  to  Ma}'  6,  1903,  he  was  clerk 
in  the  law  firm  of  Dupee,  Judah,  Willard 
&  \\'o!f.  of  Chicago,  and  from  May  14th 
to  October  29th  of  that  year  he  acted  as 
assistant  attorney  for  Farson,  Leach  & 
Co.  of  that  city.  On  April  4,  1904,  he 
opened  up  a  law  office  at  25  Arcade  Build- 
ing, Kankakee.  111.,  where  he  has  since 
been  successfully  engaged  in  practice.  In 
fraternal  circles,  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
is  identified  with  the  Royal  Arcanum. 
Grove  City  Council  No.  832;  also  Kanka- 
kee (111.)  Lodge  No.  389  of  Ancient  Free 
and    Accepted    Masons;    Kankakee    (111.) 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


613 


Chapter  No.  78  Royal  Arch-Masons ;  and 
Ivanhoe  Commandery  No.  33  Knights 
Templar.  Kankakee,  111. 


PETER  THOMAS  BURNS,  M.  D. 

Dr.  Peter  Thomas  Burns,  physician, 
who  is  located  at  No.  531  South  Leavitl 
Street,  Chicago,  111.,  was  born  in  Osman, 
Wis.,  October  5,  1864.  In  early  youth  he 
attended  the  common  and  high  schools  of 
his  native  place,  and  in  1888  matriculated 
in  the  Medical  Department  of  Northwest- 
ern University,  from  which  he  was  grad- 
uated with  the  degree  of  M.  D.  in  1891. 
From  the  time  of  his  graduation.  Dr. 
Burns  has  been  a  teacher  in  the  Depart- 
ment of  Anatomy  of  the  University  Med- 
ical School,  in  which,  since  1892.  he  has 
acted  in  the  capacity-  of  Assistant  Pro- 
fessor of  Anatomy.  Dr.  Burns  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  American  Medical  Association, 
the  Illinois  State  Medical  Society,  and  the 
Chicago  ]\Iedical  Society.  The  marriage 
of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  took  place  on 
June  21,  1892,  when  he  was  wedded  to 
Mary  Adelaide  Davis  of  Meeme,  Wis. 


SOLOMON  \\".  ZIPPERMAN,  D.  D.  S. 

Dr.  Solomon  William  Zipperman,  who 
is  engaged  in  the  practice  of  dentistry  at 
No.  538  South  Halsted  Street,  Chicago, 
111.,  is  a  native  of  the  Russian  Empire, 
where  he  was  born  in  Chotin,  Bessarabia, 
June  15.  1875.  His  boyhood  and  youth 
were  spent  in  the  place  of  his  birth,  and 
his  earlier  mental  training  was  obtained 
in  the  public  schools  of  Chotin,  Russia, 
and  in  the  high  school  there,  of  which  he 
is  a  graduate. 

Shortly  after  coming  to  the  United 
States,   Mr.    Zipperman   matriculated    fin 


1896)  in  the  Northwestern  University 
Dental  School,  from  which  he  was  grad- 
uated with  the  class  of  1899,  receiving  the 
degree  of  D.  D.  S.  He  immediately  en- 
tered upon  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
in  which  he  has  met  with  successful  re- 
sults, and  has  secured  a  remunerative 
patronage. 

Dr.  Zipperman  is  a  member  of  the 
Alumni  Association  of  the  Northwestern 
L'niversity  Dental  School,  the  Illinois 
State  Dental  Society,  and  the  Chicago 
Odontographic  Society ;  and  is  also  fra- 
ternally affiliated  with  Apollo  Lodge  No. 
642,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  Commercial 
Lodge  No.  165,  I.  O.  O.  F. 


ROSCOE  TOWNLEY  NICHOLS, M.  D. 

Roscoe  Townley  Nichols,  physician  and 
surgeon,  who  is  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  his  ])rofession  at  Liberal,  Seward 
County,  Kan.,  was  born  at  Allerton, 
^\'ayne  County,  la.,  on  February  20.  188 1. 
In  early  youth  he  attended  public  school 
in  his  native  place,  and,  from  1895  to  1899, 
pursued  a  course  of  scientific  study  in  the 
Kansas  State  Agricultural  College,  from 
which  he  was  graduated  in  the  year  last 
named,  with  the  degree  of  B.  S.  He  then, 
in  1899-1901,  studied  medicine  at  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  in  Barnes  Medical  College 
In  September,  1901.  he  entered  the  North- 
v/estern  University  ]\Iedical  School,  grad- 
uating therefrom  with  the  degree  of  M. 
T).  in  June,  1902.  In  1899  'le  was  Pres- 
ident of  the  \\'ebster  Literary  Societv  of 
the  Kansas  State  Agricultural  College, 
and  was  on  the  editorial  staff  of  the 
"Students'  Herald,"  of  that  institution,  in 
1898-gQ. 

Dr.  Nichols  is  a  member  of  the  South- 
west Counties  ;\Iedical  Society  of  Kan- 
sas,   the    Kansas    State    Medical    Societv,  ' 


6i4 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


the  American  Medical  Association,  and 
the  American  Academy  of  Medicine.  Fra- 
ternally, he  is  identified  with  the  A.  F. 
&  A.  M.,  having  been  made  a  Mason  by 
Fargo  Lodge  No.  300  in  May.  1903.  On 
May  3,  1903,  he  was  united  in  marriage 
with  Osa  Roscoe  Clark,  and  two  children 
have  been  born  of  this  union :  Harry 
Dale  Nichols,  born  March  15,  1904,  and 
Alice  C.  Nichols,  born  August  22,  1905. 


CHARLES  L.  RICHARDS. 

Charles  L.  Richards,  lawyer,  of  Hebron, 
Neb.,  was  born  in  Woodstock.  111.,  March 
21,  1856.  and  there,  in  boyhood,  received 
his  primary  mental  training  in  the  public 
schools.  At  a  later  period  he  entered  the 
University  of  Illinois,  at  Champaign,  from 
which  he  was  graduated  with  the  class 
of  1878.  He  pursued  his  legal  studies  in 
the  Union  College  of  Law  in  Chicago, 
graduating  therefrom  in  1884  with  the 
degree  of  LL.  B.  From  1886  to  1890. 
Mr.  Richards  held  the  office  of  Prosecut- 
ing Attorney  of  Thayer  County,  Neb.,  and 
in  1895  served  in  the  capacity  of  member 
and  Speaker  of  the  Nebraska  House  of 
Representatives. 

In  fraternal  circles,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  is  affiliated  with  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M. 
Religiously,  he  adheres  to  the  faith  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church.  Mr.  Richards  is 
the  father  of  four  children,  namely:  Carl 
G..  John  Lowrie.  Webb  and  Bessie. 


WILLIAM  J.  CAMDEN. 

William  J.  Camden,  pharmacist,  of 
^ValhaIla,  North  Dakota,  was  born  in  the 
Province  of  Quebec,  Canada,  on  Decem- 
ber 19,  1872,  received  his  early  mental 
training  in  the  public  schools  of  St.  Paul. 


Minn.,  and  in  September,  1890,  matricu- 
lated in  the  Northwestern  University 
School  of  Pharmacy  in  Chicago,  111., 
graduating  in  1893  with  the  degree  of 
Graduate  in  Pharmacy.  In  1897,  he  en- 
gaged in  business  at  his  present  location. 
In  1902-03,  he  served  in  the  capacity  of 
Vice-President  of  the  North  Dakota 
Pharmaceutical  Association,  of  which 
body  he  was  elected  President  in  1904.  In 
fraternal  circles,  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
is  identified  with  the  K.  of  P.,  the  A.  F. 
8z  A.  M..  and  the  D.  O.  K.  K.  Mr.  Cam- 
den was  united  in  marriage  with  Marv 
Frances  Horgan,  of  \\'alhalla,  N.  D.,  on 
February  7,  1906. 


CHARLES  H.  MAYO,  M.  D. 

Charles  Horace  Mayo,  who  is  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  surgery  at  Rochester, 
Minn.,  was  born  in  that  city  July  19,  1865. 
In  youth  he  attended  a  private  school, 
and  was  also  a  pupil  in  the  public  and 
high  schools  of  his  native  place.  In  1885 
he  matriculated  in  the  Medical  Depart- 
ment of  Northwestern  University,  in 
Chicago,  111.,  from  which  he  was  gradu- 
ated in  1888  with  the  degree  of  M.  D. 
He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  A.  M. 
in  1904.  Dr.  Mayo  is  a  member  of  the 
firm  of  Mayo.  Stinchfield  &  Graham  of 
Rochester,  Minn.,  and  is  surgeon  in  St. 
Mary's  Hospital  in  that  cit}^.  He  is  also 
a  member  of  the  Minnesota  State  Board 
of  Health,  and  is  connected  with  various 
medical  and  surgical  societies  as  follows : 
The  American  Surgical  .\ssociation;  the 
Southern  Surgical  Association  :  the  West- 
ern Surgical  Association,  of  which  he  was 
elected  President  in  1904;  the  American 
Medical  Association ;  the  Minnesota 
State  Medical  Society,  of  which  he  was 
President  in  1905-06;  the  District  Medical 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


615 


Society  for  the  Southern  Counties  of  the 
Mississippi  Valley ;  and  the  Olmsted 
County  (Minn.)  Medical  Society.  On 
April  5,  1893,  Dr.  Mayo  was  united  in 
marriage  with  Edith  Graham,  who  has 
borne  him  five  children,  namely :  Dorothy, 
Charles,  Edith,  Joseph  and  Louise. 


RAYNOR  ELMORE  HOLMES,  M.  D. 

Dr.  Raynor  E.  Holmes,  physician  and  sur- 
geon, Canon  City,  Colo.,  was  born  at  New 
Lenox,  111.,  November  2,  1871.  In  boyhood 
he  attended  the  ptiblic  school  in  his  na- 
tive place,  and  his  later  youth  was  de- 
voted to  special  studies.  In  1893  he  en- 
tered the  College  of  Liberal  Arts  of 
Northwestern  LIniversity,  at  Evanston, 
111.,  and  completed  his  course  in  1895. 
In  1896  he  matriculated  in  the  Northwest- 
ern University  Medical  School,  graduat- 
ing therefrom  in  1901,  with  the  degree  of 
M.  D.  Dr.  Holmes  acted  in  the  capacity 
of  interne  in  the  Minnequa  Hospital,  in 
Pueblo.  Colo.,  from  June,  1901,  to  Octo- 
ber, 1902.  From  October,  1902,  until  the 
present  writing  he  has  occupied  the  po- 
sition of  surgeon  at  Canon  City  and 
Erookside,  Colo.,  for  the  Colorado  Fuel 
&  Iron  Company. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  member 
of  the  Colorado  State  Medical  Society; 
the  Fremont  County  (Colo.)  ^ledical  So- 
ciety :  and  the  American  Medical  Asso- 
ciation. 


THOMAS  BATES. 

Thomas  Bates,  a  prominent  attorney 
residing  in  Evanston,  111.,  was  born  in 
Griggsville,  Pike  County,  111.,  March  4,1844. 
His  parents,  Thomas  and  Ann  (Cleve- 
land) Bates,  were  natives  of  Windsor, 
Vt.,  where    they    were   born    in    1815    and 


1 8 18,  respectively.  In  the  earlier  period 
of  his  life,  Thomas  Bates,  Sr.,  was  en- 
gaged in  farming,  but  later  became  a  mer- 
chant and  grain  buyer.  The  son,  Thom- 
as, received  his  early  mental  training  in 
the  common  schools,  and  spent  one  year 
in  Illinois  College,  at  Jacksonville.  After 
leaving  college  he  worked  one  year  in  his 
father's  store,  and  then  went  west  as  as- 
sistant wagon-master  in  Sully  &  Sibley's 
expedition  against  the  Sioux  Indians. 
This  occupied  his  time  for  about  a  year, 
when  he  returned  home  and  in  May,  1862, 
enlisted  in  Company  B,  Sixty-eighth  Reg- 
iment Illinois  Infantry,  which  was  at- 
tached to  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  under 
Gen.  JMcClellan.  The  regiment  first  en- 
listed as  State  Militia,  but  at  the  request 
of  its  members  was  mustered  into  the 
Federal  service,  and  was  engaged  in 
guarding  forts,  etc.,  for  a  period  of  about 
four  months,  when  it  was  mustered  out 
at  Springfield.  Thomas  Bates  returned 
home  when  discharged,  and  taught  school 
at  Towanda  and  Oilman,  111.,  for  about 
nine  years.  In  1876,  he  came  to  Chicago 
and  entered  the  law  office  of  Leonard 
Swett,  having  previously  read  law  under 
Mr.  Swett's  direction.  In  the  autumn  of 
1876  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and 
formed  a  partnership  with  his  legal  pre- 
ceptor, under  the  firm  name  of  Swett  & 
Bates.  Subsequently  Judge  Van  H.  Hig- 
gins  was  admitted,  and  the  firm  name  be- 
came Higgins,  Swett  &  Bates.  On  Mr. 
Higgins'  withdrawal  Pliny  N.  Haskell 
was  admitted,  the  style  of  the  firm  then 
becoming  Swett,  Bates  &  Haskell.  This 
continued  until  1884,  when  Mr.  Bates  re- 
tired from  the  partnership  and  practiced 
alone  for  three  or  four  years,  when  Rich- 
ard W.  Barger,  of  Des  Moines,  Iowa, 
was  admitted  as  a  partner.  Later  the 
firm  became  Bates  &  Harding,  and  is  now 
Bates.  Harding  &  Atkins. 


6i6 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


Mr.  Bates  has  confined  his  practice 
chiefly  to  fire  insurance  cases,  and  is  attor- 
ney for  a  large  number  of  fire  insurance 
companies  doing  business  in  the  West. 
Among  the  famous  suits  which  he  has 
conducted  may  be  mentioned  those  in 
Arkansas  and  in  Kansas,  known  as  the 
"Anti-Trust  Suits,"  brought  for  the  pur- 
pose of  ousting  all  companies  which  were 
in  combination  and  had  fixed  rates,  etc. 
Mr.  Bates  was  the  attorney  for  the  insur- 
ance companies  and  won  the  suits.  He 
has  defended  the  suits  in  both  the  above- 
mentioned  States  and  in  Missouri,  and  is 
attending  to  similar  suits  now  pending  in 
Illinois. 

Mr.  Bates  was  married  at  Turner, 
Maine,  in  December,  1872.  to  Sarah  B. 
Ricker,  whose  mother  was  a  sister  of 
Leonard  Swett  and  they  have  two  chil- 
dren living,  namely  :  Rose  Cleveland,  born 
in  1878;  and  Alfred  Ricker,  born  in  1882. 
Politically,  Mr.  Bates  was  a  Democrat 
until  the  Bryan  campaign,  when  he  be- 
came, and  still  continues,  a  Republican. 
He  was  one  of  the  Trustees  of  the  Village 
of  Evanston  for  two  terms,  before  its  in- 
corporation as  a  city.  In  1899  he  was 
elected  Mayor  of  Evanston.  serving  one 
term ;  and  was  nominated  for  a  second 
term  but  declined  a  re-election.  Mr. 
Bates  is  a  member  of  the  Country  Club, 
of  Evanston,  and  of  the  Evanston  Golf 
Club.  He  is  an  attendant  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church. 


EDWARD  HEMPSTEAD. 

Edward  Hempstead  (deceased),  for 
twenty  years  a  highly  respected  citizen  of 
Evanston,  is  descended  from  a  long  line 
of  Puritan  ancestors  who  were  among 
the  first  settlers  of  New  London,  Conn. 
His  grandfather,  Stephen  Hempstead, 
born  there  in  1754,  was  a  patriot  and  sol- 


dier in  the  American  Revolution,  who 
fought  for  his  country  from  the  first  call 
for  troops  at  Lexington  until  the  close  of 
the  war.  In  181 1  he  removed  with  his  large 
family  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  where  his  son 
Edward  Hempstead,  a  young  and  distin- 
guished lawyer,  had  already  preceded 
him,  and  who  was  the  first  Delegate  in 
Congress  from  the  region  west  of  the 
Mississippi  River.  His  father,  Charles  S. 
Hempstead,  also  a  lawyer  of  marked  abil- 
ity, was  intimately  connected  with  the 
early  development  of  St.  Louis,  and  later 
of  Galena,  111.,  where  for  many  years  he 
had  a  large  law  practice  extending  over 
what  was  then  a  wide  western  territory, 
including  Chicago  in  its  early  days.  Ed- 
ward Hempstead  was  born  in  St.  Louis 
in  1820.  His  mother,  Rachel  Wilt,  of  old 
Pennsylvania  Dutch  lineage,  died  when 
he  was  a  child,  and  his  youth  was  passed 
with  his  father's  relatives  in  that  circle  of 
early  pioneers  of  St.  Louis,  where  true 
New  England  hospitality,  blended  with 
the  grace  and  polish  of  the  French  set- 
tlers, created  such  a  charming  society, 
among  whose  number  were  the  most  emi- 
nent people  of  those  days.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  Belleville,  111.,  Seminary,  and 
began  his  business  career  as  a  commission 
merchant  in  Galena.  In  1854  he  came  to  Chi- 
cago, and  for  nearly  twenty  years  was  en- 
gaged in  business  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of 
Hempstead  &  Horton,  wholesale  grocers. 
With  many  others  he  lost  home  and  prop- 
erty in  the  great  fire  of  1871  and  became, 
for  a  short  time  a  refugee  in  Evanston. 
Soon  after  that  disaster,  retiring  from  bus- 
iness, he  became  a  permanent  resident  in 
Evanston  where  he  died  in  1895. 

A  true  Republican  in  sentiment,  he  took 
the  deepest  interest  in  the  political  wel- 
fare of  his  country,  numbering  among  his 
acquaintances  Abraham  Lincoln,  Gen.  U. 
S.  Grant,  Hon.  E.  B.  Washburne,  and  many 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


617 


other  public  men  of  Illinois  of  his  time. 
He  was  a  liberal  promoter  and  contribu- 
tor toward  all  the  early  enterprises  of 
Chicago,  one  of  the  first  members  of  its 
Board  of  Trade,  the  Historical  Society 
and  Art  Institute,  and  alwaye  greatly  in- 
terested in  the  growth  and  prosperity  of 
that  city.  Mr.  Hempstead  was  a  man  of 
the  highest  integrity,  of  excellent  judg- 
ment and  cultured  taste,  always  loyal  to 
his  friends,  of  a  most  social  and  kindly 
disposition  and  highly  esteemed  by  all 
who  knew  him.  He  was  married  in 
1846  to  Miss  Mary  Corwith,  of  Bridge- 
hampton.  Long  Island.  Six  of  their  eight 
children  are  living. 


Bank,  and  the  local  Building  and   Loan 
Association. 


CHARLES  NEVILLE  KIRKBRIDE. 

Charles  N.  Kirkbride,  attorney-at-law, 
who  resides  in  San  Mateo,  San  Mate» 
County,  Cal.,  was  born  in  Pueblo,  Colo., 
November  15,.  1868.  In  early  youth  he  at- 
tended the  public  schools  and  in  1884,  en- 
tered the  University  of  the  Pacific,  at  San 
lose,  Cal.,  where  he  graduated  in  1887, 
with  the  degree  of  Ph.  B.  He  matricu- 
lated in  Northwestern  LTniversity  Law 
School  at  Chicago.  111.,  in  1891,  gradu- 
ating therefrom  in  1893,  with  the  degree 
of  LL.  B. 

In  1889-go,  Mr.  Kirkbride  was  the  edi- 
tor of  the  "San  Mateo  (Cal.)  Leader," 
and  in  1890-91.  of  the  "Times-G'  ?tte." 
at  Redwood  City,  in  the  same  St£.  :.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  California  bar  .n  Oc- 
tober, 1893,  and  was  elected  City  Attorney 
of  San  Mateo,  Cal.,  in  1895,  and  still  holds 
thnt  office.  He  is  Secretary  of  the  San 
Mateo  Public  Library,  and  has  filled  the 
position  of  Trustee  of  the  San  Mateo 
Union  High  School  since  1902.  He  is  also 
a  Director  of  the  San  Mateo  Athletic 
Club,   and    attorney    for   the    San    Mateo 


GEORGE  WILLIAM  DIXON. 

George  \\'.  Dixon,  lawyer.  Secretary 
and  Treasurer  of  the  Arthur  Dixon  Trans- 
fer Company  of  Chicago,  111.,  residing  at 
No.  2706,  Michigan  Avenue,  that  city,  is 
a  native  of  Chicago.  After  finishing  his 
primary  studies  in  the  public  schools,  and 
completing  his  preparatory  course  in  the 
W'est  Division  High  School  in  Chicago, 
he  matriculated  in  Northwestern  Laiiver- 
sity,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1889 
with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  He  then  entered 
Northwestern  University  Law  School, 
graduating  therefrom  in  1892,  with  the 
degree  of  LL.  B.  During  his  under  grad- 
uate course,  he  was  a  contestant  for  the 
Kirk  Oratorical  Prize,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa,  Phi  Kappa  Psi 
and  Phi  Delta  Phi  fraternities. 

From  1902  to  1906,  Mr.  Di.xon  repre- 
sented the  First  Senatorial  District  of  Il- 
linois in  the  State  Senate.  He  also  served 
as  a  member  of  the  staff  of  Governor 
Yates,  with  the  rank  of  Colonel.  In  1901- 
02.  he  was  President  of  the  Chicago  Meth- 
odist Social  Union.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  LTnion  League,  Hamilton  and  Univer- 
sity Clubs  of  Chicago  and  of  the  Chicago 
Athletic  Club,  a  thirty-second  degree 
Mason,  a  Knight  Templar  and  Mystic 
Shriner. 

On  March  2,  1903.  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  united  in  marriage  with  Mar- 
ian E.  Martin.  They  have  one  daughter, 
Marian. 


JUDSON  WILKES  HOOVER. 

Judson  Wilkes  Hoover,  who  is  engaged 
in  the  drug  business  at  251  Main  Street, 
Galesburg,  111.,  was  born  in  Avoca,  Iowa, 


6i8 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


March  2,  1876.  His  primary  mental  train- 
ing was  obtained  in  the  public  schools  of 
his  native  town.  After  taking  a  prepara- 
tory course  in  the  Iowa  Wesleyan  Univer- 
sity, at  Mount  Pleasant,  Iowa,  on  Septem- 
ber I,  1898,  he  matriculated  in  the  North- 
western University  College  of  Pharmacy, 
from  which  he  was  graduated  with  the 
degree  of  Ph.  G.,  in  June.  1899. 

Mr.  Hoover  is  a  member  of  the  M.  W. 
A. ;  of  the  Northwestern  University 
Alumni  Association  of  Pharmacy,  in 
which  he  holds  the  office  of  Secretary :  a 
member  of  the  Soangetaka  Club,  the 
Galesburg  Cmmercial  Club  and  Fraternal 
Tribunes  of  Galesburg.  111.  On  April  15, 
1894,  he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss 
Kathryn  Daugherty,  of  Mt.  Pleasant. 
Iowa,  and  one  child  has  been  born  to  them, 
namely:  Murlin  Hoover,  born  June  30, 
1895. 


JAMES  A.  GARLAND,  M.  D. 

James  Asa  Garland,  physician  and  sur- 
geon of  Buchanan,  Mich.,  was  born  in 
Peoria.  111.,  January  15,  1871.  In  early 
youth  he  attended  the  Chicago  public 
schools,  and  is  a  graduate  of  one  of  the 
high  schools  in  that  city.  He  entered 
Northwestern  University  in  1891,  gradu- 
ating from  the  medical  department  of 
that  institution  in  1895,  with  the  degree 
of  M.  D.  From  1898  to  1901,  inclusive, 
he  served  as  Health  Officer  of  the  city  of 
Buchanan,    Mich.,   and    of   the    township. 

Dr.  Garland  is  a  member  of  the  Ameri- 
can Medical  .\ssociation,  the  Berrien 
County  (Mich.)  Medical  Society,  and  the 
Red  Cross  Society,  Berrien  County  Hu- 
mane Societ}'.  In  fraternal  circles,  he  is 
identified  with  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  and  the 
M.  W.  A.  On  November  2-].  1901,  Dr. 
Garland  was  united  in  marriage  with 
Gertrude  Friesleben.  of  Chicago. 


AMOS  A.  L.  SMITH. 

Amos  A.  L.  Smith,  attorney  at  law, 
who  is  located  at  No.  2316,  Grand  Avenue, 
Milwaukee,  Wis.,  was  born  at  Appleton, 
Wis.,  September  8,  1849.  His  primary 
mental  training  was  obtained  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  place  and  he  pursued 
his  preparatory  course  of  study  in  Law- 
rence University,  at  Appleton.  He  then 
entered  Northwestern  University  in  the 
Sophomore  year,  and  was  graduated 
therefrom  with  the  class  of  1872.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Adelphic  Literary  Socie- 
ty and  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Fraternity. 
In  the  English  Literature  contest,  his 
essay  on  "Darwinism"  won  the  "Presi- 
dent's prize."  He  also  won  the  one 
hundred  dollar  prize  for  oratory,  by  his 
oration  on  "Cavour."  During  the  under- 
graduate period,  he  held  the  position  of 
editor  of  the  "Tripod."  Mr.  Smith  has 
keen  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees 
of  the  ^Milwaukee  Woman's  College,  a 
Director  of  the  Wisconsin  National  Bank, 
and  of  the  Wisconsin  Trust  and  Security 
Company.  Socially  he  is  a  member  of  the 
Milwaukee  Club,  the  Bankers'  Club,  the 
Milwaukee  Athletic  Club,  and  the  Blue 
Mound  Country  Club. 

Mr.  Smith  was  wedded  in  1874  to  Frances 
L.  Brown,  who  died  in  1891.  In  1893  he 
was  united  in  marriage  with  Mary  Niel 
Anderson.  He  became  the  father  of  four 
children,  namely:  Philip  R..  Edwin  L., 
Laura  L..  and  ^\'alton  K. 


RICHARD    R.    JOHNSON,    D.D.S. 

Richard  Roy  Johnson,  D.D.S. ,  who  was 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  dentistry  at 
Great  Falls,  Mont.,  was  born  in  White- 
hall. Mich..  September  25,  1874.  In  early 
M)Uth  he  attended  the  public  schools  of 
his  native  town,  and  prepared  for  college 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


619 


in  the  High  School  at  Lisbon,  N.  D., 
whence  he  went  to  the  University  of  Aliii- 
nesota  Dental  Department,  in  which  he 
completed  the  first  year  of  the  course  in 
1897.  During  the  same  year  he  matricu- 
lated in  Northwestern  University  Dental 
College,  from  which  he  was  graduated 
with  the  class  of  1899,  receiving  the  de- 
gree of  D.D.S.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Delta  Sigma  Delta  Fraternity.  Shortly- 
after  his  graduation,  he  opened  an  office  at 
Lisbon,  N.  D.,  but  sold  his  practice  in 
June,  1903,  and  moved  to  his  present  lo- 
cation, where  his  efforts  have  been  attend- 
ed with  good  results.  He  is  at  present 
lecturing  on  dentistry  and  h)'giene  at  the 
Cohunbus  and  Deaconess  Hospitals  in 
that  city.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Montana 
State  Dental  Society. 

During  1902,  and  until  his  removal  to 
Montana,  in  June,  1903,  Dr.  Johnson  held 
the  office  of  Cit}-  Treasurer  of  Lisbon,  N. 
D.,  and  in  that  city  he  was  married  on 
September  26,  1900,  to  Morence  Ma\ 
Severance.  Two  children  have  resulted 
from  their  union,  namely :  Maude  Lucille, 
born  in  Lisbon,  N.  D.,  June  25,  1902;  and 
Winnifred  ]\Iay,  born  in  Great  Falls,  May 
30,  1904.  I'Vaternally.  Dr.  Johnson  is 
identified  with  the  A.  F.  &  A.  ]\r..  and  is 
Past  Master  of  the  Lisbon  Lodge  of  that 
order.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  R.  A. 
Chapter  and  Commandery  of  Knight> 
Templar. 


C.  PRUYN  STRINGFIELD,  M.  D. 

Dr.  C.  Pruyn  Stringfield,  physician  and 
surgeon,  whose  office  is  located  in  the 
Western  L'nion  Telegraph  I'.uilding,  in 
Chicago,  111.,  was  born  in  Washington, 
D.  C.  December  12,  1866.  In  youth  he 
made  diligent  use  of  the  facilities  for  in- 
struction afforded  by  the  public  schools 
of  Topeka,  Kan.,  and  entered  the  Medical 


Department  of  Northwestern  University 
in  1886,  graduating  therefrom  in  1889. 
b'rom  that  year  until  1894,  he  assisted 
Prof.  Ralph  S.  Isham  in  clinical  surgerv. 
He  was  President  of  the  Chicago  Medi- 
cal Examiners'  Association  in  1902 
and  1903.  In  1895,  '896  and  1897,  he  was 
connected  with  the  Health  Department  of 
the  City  of  Chicago. 

Dr.  Stringfield  was  consulting  physician 
of  the  Chicago  Baptist  Hospital ;  attending 
surgeon  to  the  Cook  County  Hospital ;  is 
physician  to  the  Actors'  Fund  of  America ; 
was  Medical  Director  of  the  Marquette  Life 
Insurance  Company,  and  is  now  Medical 
Examiner  for  the  Phoenix  Mutual  Life  Com- 
pany of  Hartford  ;  resident  physician  of 
the  Grand  Pacific  Hotel,  in  Chicago :  and 
ex-contract  surgeon  of  the  United  States 
I\farine  Corp.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
American  Medical  Association ;  the  Illi- 
nois State  Medical  Society  ;  the  Chicago 
Medical  Society ;  the  American  Associa- 
tion of  Life  Examining  Surgeons ;  Chi- 
cago Medical  Examiners'  Association  and 
the  Association  of  Military  Surgeons  of 
the  L^nited  States.  From  1901  to  1905. 
Dr.  Stringfield  served  on  the  staff  of  Gov- 
ernor Yates,  of  Illinois,  with  the  rank  of 
Colonel. 

Fraternally,  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
is  a  i\Iason,  a  life-member  of  the  B.  P.  O. 
Elks,  and  is  Past  Chancellor  of  .  the 
Knights  of  Pythias.  He  belongs  to  the 
Chicago  Athletic  Club :  South  Shore 
Country  Club ;  the  Chicago  Yacht  Club : 
the  Hamilton,  the  Forty  and  the  Chicago 
Automobile  Clubs. 

The  marriage  of  Dr.  .Stringfield  took 
place  on  August  14,  1889,  when  Miss 
Josephine  Milgie,  a  most  estimable  and 
accomplished  lady,  became  his  wife.  He 
is  widely  and  favorably  known  in  Chi- 
cago and  the  State,  where  he  is  held  in 
high  esteem,  individually,  professionally 
and  as  a  citizen. 


620 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


ALEXANDER  F.  BANKS. 

Alexander  F.  Banks,  a  prominent  rail- 
way official,  whose  residence  is  at  No. 
1908  Sheridan  Road,  Evanston,  111.,  and 
who  is  widely  and  favorably  known 
throughout  the  railway  circles  of  Illinois, 
was  born  in  Crawford  County,  Ind.,  on 
January  31,  1861.  He  is  a  son  of  Henry 
Bartlett  and  JuHa  C.  (French)  Banks,  na- 
tives of  Kentucky,  his  father  born  in  Wash- 
ington County,  that  State,  in  1809,  and 
his  mother,  in  Maysville,  in  1822.  Henry 
Bartlett  Banks,  who  was  a  farmer  by  oc- 
cupation, moved  with  his  family  from 
Kentucky  to  Crawford  County,  Ind.,  in 
1844,  and  there  engaged  in  agricuhural 
pursuits.  His  son,  Alexander,  attended 
the  common  schools  of  Indiana  during  the 
winter  months,  until  he  was  thirteen  years 
of  age,  and  in  the  intervals  between  the 
school  terms,  assisted  his  father  in  the 
work  on  the  farm.  At  that  period  he 
started  out  to  work  for  himself. 

In  1877,  when  sixteen  years  old.  Mr. 
Banks  entered  upon  his  career  in  the  rail- 
way service  as  a  clerk  at  Evansville,  Ind., 
and,  in  1879,  was  appointed  contracting 
freight  agent  of  the  St.  Louis  &  South- 
western Railway.  In  1880,  he  became  con- 
nected with  the  Continental  Fast  Freight 
Line,  and  served  in  the  capacity  of  Agent 
and  General  Agent  of  that  company  until 
1888.  In  that  year  he  entered  the  service 
of  the  Iowa  Central  Railway  Company,  at 
Peoria,  111.,  as  General  Agent,  afterwards 
serving  successively  as  General  Freight 
Agent,  General  Freight  and  Passenger 
Agent,  and  as  Traffic  Manager.  In  1893 
Mr.  Banks  left  the  services  of  the  Iowa 
Central  Railway  Company,  in  order  to  be- 
come General  Freight  Agent  of  the  Elgin, 
Joliet  &  Eastern  Railway  Company.  He 
was   appointed    Traffic    Manager   of   that 


company,  and  also  of  the  Lake  Shore  & 
Eastern  Railway  Company,  in  1894.  In 
1900  he  was  elected  President  of  both  of 
these  corporations  and  still  serves  in  that 
capacity. 

In  November,  1883,  Mr.  Banks  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Blanche  Nichol- 
son, at  Evansville,  Ind.,  and  of  this  union 
three  children  have  been  born,  namely: 
Duke  Nicholson,  Blanche,  and  Charles 
Ackert.  Mr.  Banks  has  risen,  step  by 
step,  from  a  lowly  grade  of  railway  serv- 
ice, through  superior  innate  ability,  to 
his  present  high  and  responsible  position, 
and  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  thor- 
ough and  capable  railroad  officials  in  this 
section   of  the   country. 


AUGUST  AH  LB  ERG. 

August  Ahlberg,  Evanston,  111.,  was 
born  in  Sweden,  August  5,  1845,  the  son  of 
Johan  Gustave  and  Alargaret  Christina 
(Olson)  Ahlberg,  his  ancestors  on  both 
sides  having  been  natives  of  Sweden  for 
generations.  After  receiving  his  educa- 
tion in  his  native  country,  he  learned  the 
cabinet-making  trade  and,  in  1871,  came 
to  America,  arriving  in  Chicago  in  July  of 
that  year.  In  1878,  he  removed  to  Evanston, 
where  he  has  followed  the  cabinet  busi- 
ness continuously  ever  since.  Mr.  Ahl- 
berg was  married  in  1872  to  Margaret  C. 
(Jslund,  who  is  also  a  native  of  Sweden, 
and  they  have  three  children :  Theresa. 
Axel  Renaldo  and  Gertrude.  In  religious 
faith  he  is  a  Baptist  and  a  member  of  the 
Swedish  Baptist  Church,  and  in  political 
opinions  is  a  Republican,  but  is  not  identi- 
fied with  any  secret  fraternal  organiza- 
tions. His  residence  is  at  2122  Harrison 
Street.  Evanston. 


I 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


621 


DR.  STEPHEN  V.  BALDERSTON. 

Stephen  Victor  Balderston,  a  very  fav- 
orably known  and  successful  physician,  of 
Evanston,  111.,  was  born  in  Prince  Edward 
Island,  Canada,  November  5,  1868,  a  son 
of  Hon.  John  and  Sarah  (Weeks)  Bald- 
erston. both  natives  of  Prince  Edward  Is- 
land. His  father  was  born  October  31, 
1831,  and  his  mother,  May  3,  1841.  The 
occupation  of  the  former  was  that  of  a 
farmer  and  miller  and,  in  his  civic  career,  he 
attained  prominence  and  distinction  as  a 
statesman.  Hon.  John  Balderston  first 
came  into  public  notice  at  the  age  of 
twenty-eight  years,  in  connection  with  the 
movement,  in  Prince  Edward  Island,  for 
the  abolition  of  landlordism  in  that  col- 
ony. When  thirty-two  years  old,  he  was 
elected  to  the  Legislati\'e  Council,  in 
which  he  served  twenty-four  years,  during 
ten  years  of  this  period  acting  as  Presi- 
dent of  that  body.  When  Prince  Edward 
Island  became  a  Province  of  the  Domin- 
ion of  Canada,  in  1870,  the  title  of  Hon- 
orable was  bestowed  upon  Air.  Balderston. 
as  a  mark  of  favor,  by  Queen  Victoria. 

The  paternal  grandfather  of  Dr.  Bald- 
erston was  a  native  of  Cornwall.  England. 
and  a  descendant  of  an  old  border  family 
which  lived  in  the  land  of  the  Douglases. 
Grandmother  Balderston's  people  were 
Protestant  Irish,  born  in  W'e.xford.  One 
brother  was  condemned  to  be  Isurned  by 
Irish  insurrectionists  in  a  holocaust  of 
some  hundreds  in  a  large  barn,  but  was 
rescued  at  the  last  moment  by  a  priest, 
who  was  a  personal  friend.  The  Weeks 
family  were  also  Irish  Protestants,  and 
one  member  of  it  was  a  Captain  of  foot 
soldiers  during  the  Irish  Rebellion. 

Stephen  Victor  Balderston  spent  his 
childhood  on  his  father's  farm,  and  was 
a  sprightly  lad  of  a  somewhat  studious 
disposition.  In  early  youth  he  utilized 
the  advantages  afforded  by  the  common 


schools  in  the  vicinity  of  his  home,  and 
then  pursued  a  course  of  study  in  Prince 
of  Wales  College,  at  Charlottetown, 
Prince  Edward  Island.  After  leaving 
college,  he  applied  himself  to  teaching 
school  for  a  time.  His  professional  edu- 
cation was  subsequently  obtained  in  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  Medical  De- 
partment, at  Philadelphia,  from  which  he 
was  graduated  in  1895.  I"  the  same  year 
he  took  the  position  of  interne  in  the  hos- 
pital of  the  National  Soldiers'  Home,  in 
Virginia,  where  he  was  promoted  to  be 
First  Assistant  Surgeon  in  1897.  This 
position  he  resigned  in  December,  1899, 
to  take  up  private  practice  in  Evanston. 
During  the  period  spent  in  the  hospital  at 
Hampton,  Va.,  he  served  through  an  epi- 
demic of  yellow  fever.  While  there  he 
became  a  citizen  of  the  commonwealth  of 
Virginia. 

On  January  5,  1903,  Dr.  Balderston  was 
united  in  marriage,  in  the  National  Sol- 
diers" Home,  in  Virginia,  with  Jessie  Eliz- 
abeth Thompson,  who  was  born  August 
17-  1873,  in  the  National  Military  Home 
at  Dayton,  Ohio.  Her  father  was  a  vet- 
eran of  the  Civil  War,  having  served  in 
the  Third  Regiment  Kentucky  Volunteer 
Infantry  and  lost  an  arm  on  the  battle- 
field. He  was  a  member  of  the  staff  at 
the  National  Military  Home  at  Dayton, 
Ohio,  and  Governor  of  the  National  Sol- 
diers' Home  in  Virginia.  Mrs.  Balderston 
is  a  graduate  of  the  Woman's  College  of 
Baltimore,  Md.,  and  a  member  of  the 
Alpha  Phi  Sorority. 

Dr.  Balderston  is  a  member  of  the  John 
Ashhurst,  Jr.,  Surgical  Society  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  the  Chicago 
Pediatric  Society,  the  Chicago  Medical 
Society,  and  the  Illinois  State  Medical 
Society.  In  politics,  he  is  inclined  to 
favor  the  general  policies  of  the  Repub- 
lican party,  but  is  not  in  accord  with  high- 


622 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


tariff  legislation.  He  voted  for  McKinley 
and  Roosevelt.  In  religion,  the  doctor 
adheres  to  the  faith  of  the  Methodist 
Church. 

Next  to  his  love  of  good  books  and  his 
partiality  for  microscopic  investigation, 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  fond  of  out- 
door sports,  especially  golf.  Most  of  all. 
in  a  practical  sense,  he  likes  to  be  regarded 
as  a  family  doctor  who  tries  to  make  peo- 
ple physically  better  and  mentally  hap- 
pier. He  takes  an  earnest  and  intelligent 
interest  in  public  affairs,  and  supports  all 
measures  tending  to  promote  the  welfare 
of  the  city  of  his  adoption. 


HENRY  W.  HINSDALE. 

Henry  W.  Hinsdale,  an  old  and  widely 
known  resident  of  Evanston,  now  living  in 
honored  retirement,  was  born  in  Benning- 
ton, Vt.,  August  19,  1825,  being  descended 
from  an  old  New  England  family.  His 
father,  Hiram  W.  Hinsdale,  was  a  farmer 
by  occupation.  The  son  attended  the  public 
schools  of  Bennington,  and  later,  went  to 
school  at  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  to  which 
place  his  parents  moved  at  an  early  date. 
Grand  Rapids  was  then  an  Indian  trading 
post.  Henry  stayed  on  the  farm  until  he 
was  seventeen  years  old,  and  then  set  out 
alone  for  Chicago,  where  he  arrived  with 
but  two  dollars  in  his  pocket  and  having  no 
acquaintance  to  advise  him.  He  looked 
about  for  something  to  do,  and  finally  se- 
cured employment  with  J.  H.  Dunham, 
then  the  leading  wholesale  grocer.  His 
wages  at  first  were  two  dollars  per  week. 
He  was  employed  as  a  clerk  in  this  store 
for  ten  years,  his  salary  for  the  last  five 
years  of  this  period  amounting  to  $2,500  per 
year.  He  was  afterwards  a  partner  in  the 
concern   for  three  years,  and  then  bought 


Mr.  Dunham's  interest  and  became  the  head 
of  the  firm  of  Hinsdale  &  Babcock.  Later 
he  built  a  block  at  the  corner  of  South  Wa- 
ter and  River  Streets,  which  he  occupied 
as  head  of  the  firm  of  Hinsdale,  Sibley  & 
Babcock.  He  carried  on  this  business  until 
the  spring  of  1867,  when  he  temporarily 
retired.  He  was  the  most  extensive  whole- 
sale grocer  of  his  day  in  Chicago. 

Just  before  the  great  fire  of  1871,  Mr. 
Hinsdale  went  to  Grand  Rapids,  where  he 
built  a  beautiful  home,  intending  to  live 
there.  The  fire  destroyed  property  belong- 
ing to  him,  worth  more  than  $500,000,  and 
evidence  of  his  high  standing  as  a  merchant 
is  found  in  the  fact  that  two  of  his  New 
York  correspondents  telegraphed  him  au- 
thority to  draw  on  them  for  $50,000  each. 

Mr.  Hinsdale  has  known  Chicago  since 
it  was  a  small  city,  and  can  remember  hunt- 
ing deer  where  the  Board  of  Trade  Build- 
ing stands.  His  business  career  began  in 
Chicago  during  the  'forties,  and  continued 
for  a  period  of  more  than  fifty  years.  His 
first  residence  was  on  Wabash  Avenue, 
where  he  built  the  first  house  north  of 
Twelfth  Street.  Later  he  had  a  house  on 
Prairie  Avenue.  He  removed  to  Evanston 
in  the  'sixties,  where  he  lived  for  three  or 
four  years  before  going  to  Grand  Rapids. 
He  continued  to  reside  at  the  latter  place 
until  1879,  engaged  in  loaning  money  for 
Eastern  capitalists  and  in  rebuilding  Chi- 
cago property.  During  the  years  of  his 
experience  as  a  pioneer  merchant,  he  had 
formed  a  wide  acquaintance  with  Western 
business  men,  who  had  great  confidence  in 
his  sagacity  and  foresight. 

In  1879  Ml"-  Hinsdale  moved  from  Grand 
Rapids  to  Evanston,  and  went  into  the 
brokerage  business,  in  which  he  was  en- 
gaged for  fourteen  years.  At  the  end  of 
this  period  he  became  manager  of  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce  safety  vaults.     This 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


623 


position  he  held  until  July,  1904,  when  he 
abandoned  an  active  business  life.  While 
in  the  brokerage  business  he  represented 
three  of  the  leading  sugar  refineries  of  the 
United  States.  After  the  capture  of  New 
Orleans  in  the  Civil  War,  he  sent  north  the 
first  cargo  of  sugar,  loading  three  vessels. 

Mr.  Hinsdale  was  one  of  the  early  mem- 
bers of  the  Chicago  Board  of  Trade,  and 
one  of  the  first  stockholders  of  the  Elgin 
Watch  company.  The  Merchants  Loan  & 
Trust  Company  was  organized  in  the  office 
of  J.  H.  Dunham  &  Co.,  with  which  Mr. 
Hinsdale  was  connected.  He  was  a  pas- 
senger on  the  first  train  that  ran  west  of 
Chicago  on  the  Chicago  &  Galena  Union 
Railroad.  In  1866  he  made  an  overland 
journey  to  California,  returning  by  way  of 
the  Isthmus  of  Panama.  The  beautiful 
town  of  Hinsdale,  on  the  Chicago.  Burling- 
ton &  Ouincy  Railway,  was  named  after 
Mr.  Hinsdale  by  its  founders,  who  were  his 
friends. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  married 
in  Chicago,  at  the  home  of  Mrs.  Hinsdale, 
on  State  Street,  opposite  Marshall  Field's 
present  store,  wedding  Eliza  Chatfield,  a 
daughter  of  Judge  John  Chatfield,  of  Ba- 
tavia,  N,  Y.  The  children  born  of  this 
union  are :  Henry  K.  Hinsdale,  now  of  New 
York;  Mrs.  Charlotte  Hinsdale  Mosely, 
and  Benjamin  Hinsdale,  of  Evanston. 

Religiously  Mr.  Hinsdale  is  an  Episco- 
palian, and  served  as  Warden  of  Grace  Epis- 
copal Church  in  Chicago,  for  many  years. 
He  is  now  a  communicant  of  St.  Mary's 
Episcopal   Church  of  Evanston. 


THOMAS  H.  BEEBE. 

Thomas  H.  Beebe,  a  venerable  and  great- 
ly esteemed  citizen  of  Evanston,  111.,  who 
is    passing    his    declining    years   in    well- 


earned  repose,  was  born  in  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
March  31,  1819,  the  son  of  Elijah  and 
Sarah  (Hempstead)  Beebe,  natives  of  Con- 
necticut. The  Beebe  family  came  to  Ameri- 
ca with  Gov.  Winthrop's  colony.  John 
Beebe  started  from  Northamptonshire, 
England,  with  his  wife  and  five  sons,  in 
1650,  but  died  on  shipboard.  The  remain- 
der of  the  family  settled  at  New  London, 
Conn.  From  its  head,  all  the  Beebes  are  de- 
scended. At  a  convention  of  citizens  of 
Columbia  County,  N.  Y.,  held  June  24, 
1776,  Martin  Beebe  was  made  a  member 
of  a  committee  which  was  instructed  to 
draft  resolutions  declaring  for  Independ- 
ence. The  Hempstead  family  is  also  of  an- 
cient and  honorable  origin. 

Elijah  Beebe  journeyed  from  New  Eng- 
land to  St.  Louis  in  1813,  making  the  trip 
to  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  overland.  There  he  pur- 
chased a  keel-boat  and  took  a  cargo  of  flour 
down  the  river.  At  Louisville,  Ky.,  he 
took  aboard  John  and  Benjamin  O'Fallon, 
men  who  afterwards  became  noted  citizens 
of  St.  Louis.  By  trade  Elijah  Beebe  was  a 
saddler  and  harness  maker,  and  established 
himself  in  that  line  in  St.  Louis.  Subse- 
quently, he  took  a  contract  to  supply  beef 
to  the  Government  forts.  On  one  of  his 
excursions  in  this  connection,  Indians 
robbed  him  of  a  whole  herd  of  cattle,  for 
which  loss  he  was  reimbursed  by  Congress 
through  the  efforts  of  Col.  Thomas  H. 
Benton. 

Thomas  H.  Beebe  received  his  early  edu- 
cation in  the  public  schools  of  St.  Louis  and 
in  the  country  schools  of  Belleville,  111.,  and 
afterwards  went  to  work  in  the  dry  goods 
store  of  his  uncle,  William  Hempstead,  in 
St.  Louis.  He  was  later  employed  by 
Hempstead  and  Beebe.  This  firm  was  in 
the  river  trade,  and  was  interested  in  steam- 
boats. Mr.  Beebe  afterwards  became  a 
clerk  at  different  times  on  several  of  these 


624 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


boats,  and  followed  the  river  for  about  four 
j-ears.  He  then  went  to  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains with  a  wagon  train,  and  on  this  trad- 
ing expedition  had  an  interesting  experi- 
ence among  the  Indians. 

In  1841  Mr.  Beebe  went  to  Galena,  111., 
where  his  uncle,  William  Hempstead,  was 
in  business,  and  was  employed  by  him  for 
two  years,  becoming  his  uncle's  partner,  at 
a  later  period,  in  smelting  and  dealing  in 
lead.  This  connection  lasted  until  1853, 
when  he  came  to  Chicago  and  opened  a 
branch  house  under  the  name  of  T.  H. 
Beebe  &  Co.,  in  the  forwarding  and  com- 
mission line.  Isaac  L.  Lyon  and  E.  G. 
Merrick  became  members  of  the  firm  dur- 
ing its  first  year,  and  the  business  was  trans- 
acted under  the  firm  name  of  Beebe,  Lyon 
&  Co.  Mr.  Beebe  bought  his  uncle's  half- 
interest,  and  the  firm  purchased  a  half-in- 
terest in  the  lumber  firm  of  Capt.  Jesse  H. 
Leavenworth,  who  owned  mills  and  timber 
land  at  Peshtigo,  Wis.  The  firm  of  Beebe, 
Lyon  &  Co.  was  dissolved  in  1855,  Mr. 
Beebe  retaining  his  lumber  interest  with 
Capt.    Leavenworth. 

William  B.  Ogden.  the  first  Mayor  of 
Chicago,  became  a  partner  of  Beebe,  in 
1856,  and  the  Peshtigo  Lumber  Company 
was  formed  that  year.  Mr.  Beebe  after- 
wards became  President  of  this  company, 
and  filled  that  office  until  1873,  when  he  re- 
signed and  disposed  of  his  interest  in  the 
business. 

In  1873,  Mr.  Beebe  went  to  California  as 
general  superintendent  of  a  large  lumber 
concern.  After  a  short  time  he  returned 
to  Chicago,  and  was  subsequently  connect- 
ed with  the  First  National  Bank,  of  that 
city,  and  the  Consolidated  Paper  Company. 
He  was  a  sufferer  from  the  great  fire  of 
187 1,  after  which  he  moved  to  Highland 
Park,  where  he  lived  six  years  and  served 
as  Mayor  in  1874.    He  afterwards  returned 


to  Chicago,  whence,  in  1891,  he  moved  to 
Evanston,  where  he  has  since  resided.     He 
was  an  early  member  of  the  Chicago  Board 
of  Trade,  of  which  he  was  Vice-President 
for  two  years. 

Thomas  H.  Beebe  was  married  in  1844 
to  Catherine  Eddowes,  a  daughter  of  John 
and  Lydia  Eddowes,  of  Galena,  111.  Mrs. 
Beebe  was  born  in  Newcastle  County,  Dela- 
ware. She  died  June  3,  1902,  after  fifty- 
eight  years  of  wifely  companionship.  The 
children  of  this  union  who  are  living  are 
as  follows :  Edward  H.,  who  lives  in  Cali- 
fornia ;  William  H.,  Dr.  John  E.,  Christ- 
opher K.,  of  Chicago;  Archibald  A.,  and 
Catherine  E. ;  Mrs.  Lydia  (Beebe)  Van  Du- 
sen  and  Mrs.  Mary  K.  Valentine,  of  Evans- 
ton. 

Politically,  Mr.  Beebe  was  a  Whig  in  his 
early  life,  but  later  acted  in  co-operation 
with  the  Democratic  Party  until  1896,  and 
since  that  time  has  been  an  Independent  Re- 
publican. Religiously,  he  is  classed  as  a 
Presbyterian. 


JOHN  G.  BYRNE,  M.  D. 

John  G.  Byrne,  physician  and  surgeon, 
who  is  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession at  Spokane,  Wash.,  was  born  in 
Chicago,  111.,  January  22,  1871.  He  at- 
tended the  Chicago  public  schools,  and  was 
a  student  in  Dennison  L'niversity,  in  1887- 
89,  and  in  Lake  Forest  Academy  in  1890. 
In  1 89 1  he  matriculated  in  Northwestern 
University  Medical  School,  from  which  he 
was  graduated  in  1894  with  the  degree  of 
M.  D.  From  April,  1894,  to  May,  1895, 
he  acted  in  the  capacity  of  interne  in  Wes- 
ley Hospital,  Chicago.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Phi  Rho  Sigma  Fraternity. 

On  March  2,  1887,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  Second 
Regiment,  Illinois  National  Guard,  and  be- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


625 


came  Corporal  of  Company  E,  May  17, 
1890;  Sergeant,  December  15,  1890;  First 
Sergeant  and  Hospital  Steward  in  1896 ; 
Assistant  Surgeon,  December  22,  1897 ; 
First  Lieutenant  and  Assistant  Surgeon  Il- 
linois Volunteer  Infantry,  May  16,  1898, 
and  resigned  September  28,  1898.  He  was 
appointed  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon  U.  S. 
Army,  November  9,  1899,  and  served  as 
such  until  March  20,  1903,  spending  one 
year  in  the  Philippines,  where  he  was 
wounded,  June  26,  1900.  He  was  Post 
Surgeon  at  Fort  Wright  from  December  6, 
1900  to  March  20,  1903. 

Dr.  Byrne  is  a  member  of  the  Snohomish 
County  (Wash.)  Medical  Society,  and  a 
life  member  of  Northwestern  University 
Alumni  Medical  Association.  Socially,  he  is 
a  member  of  the  Spokane  Club,  and  the  M. 
W.  A.,  the  Royal  Highlanders,  and  Sur- 
geon to  Spanish  War  Veterans. 

On  October  14,  1897,  Dr.  Byrne  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Annie  S.  Hewitt, 
who  has  held  the  position  of  Superintend- 
ent of  Wesley  Hospital  in  Chicago,  and  of 
the  West  Side  Hospital,  in  the  same  city. 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Byrne  have  one  child — Kath- 
erine  Anna,  born  November  7,  1903. 


JOHN  J.  FLINN. 

John  J.  Flinn  became  a  resident  of  the 
village  of  South  Evanston  in  the  summer 
of  1880,  when  he  purchased  from  General 
Julius  White  the  house  which  he  and  his 
family  have  since  occupied  at  814  Michigan 
Avenue.  The  street  was  then  called  Con- 
gress Street,  but  later  the  name  was 
changed  to  Wheeler  Avenue.  It  became 
Michigan  Avenue  by  adopting  the  name  of 
the  extension  north  of  Main  Street,  which 
was  then  called  Lincoln  Avenue.  With 
the  exception  of  three  years,  Mr.  Flinn  has 
been   continuously   a   resident  of  Evanston 


from  the  time  of  his  first  removal  here. 
He  has  thus  witnessed  practically  all  the 
changes  that  have  occurred  here  for  the 
last  twenty-five  years,  and  has  taken  an  ac- 
tive part  in  connection  with  some  of  the 
most  important  of  them. 

Mr.  Flinn  was  born  in  Clonmel,  Ireland, 
December  5,  185 1,  his  parents  being  James 
and  Margaret  (Cunningham)  Flinn.  Com- 
ing to  America  with  his  widowed  mother  in 
1863,  after  receiving  only  an  elementary 
education  in  his  native  country,  he  began 
life  on  this  side  as  a  cash  boy  in  Boston. 
Thanks  to  the  fact  that  the  Boston  Public 
Library  was  open  to  him,  his  education  was 
uninterrupted.  He  read  everything  that  he 
could  lay  his  hands  on,  and  kept  this  up 
when  his  family  moved  to  Missouri.  At  eigh- 
teen years  of  age  he  began  to  contribute 
matter  to  the  local  newspapers,  at  twenty- 
one  became  a  reporter  in  St.  Joseph,  Mo., 
and  one  year  later  secured  a  position  under 
Joseph  B.  McCullagh  (inventor  of  the  "In- 
terview"), on  the  "St.  Louis  Globe,"  now 
the  "Globe-Democrat."  At  twenty-two  he 
was  made  night  editor  of  that  journal,  later 
was  entrusted  with  the  Legislative  corre- 
spondence, and  in  1873  reported  the  proceed- 
ings of  the  Missouri  State  Constitutional 
Convention.  His  days  in  St.  Louis  were 
contemporaneous  with  those  of  Eugene 
Field,  Stanley  Huntly,  Stanley  Waterloo, 
William  Lightfoot  Visscher,  and  others 
who  have  won  celebrity  in  literature. 

In  1875  Mr.  Flinn  became  associated 
with  Melville  E.  Stone  in  the  editorship  of 
the  "Chicago  Daily  News,"  and  was  con- 
nected with  that  newspaper  during  the  first 
seven  years  of  its  existence.  In  1883  he 
was  appointed  Consul  to  Chemnitz,  Sax- 
ony. Returning  he  became  associated  with 
Frank  Hatton,  who  was  Postmaster-Gener- 
al under  President  Arthur,  and  Clinton  A. 
Snowden,  in  the  publication  of  the  "Chi- 
cago Mail,"  and  later  was  managing  editor 


626 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


of  the  "Chicago  Times."  Since  1897  he  has 
been  an  editorial  writer  on  the  "Chicago 
Inter  Ocean." 

In  addition  to  his  newspaper  work,  Mr. 
FHnn  has  written  numerous  essays,  lec- 
tures, poems,  a  novel,  etc.  In  connection 
with  John  E.  Wilkie,  now  chief  of  the  Unit- 
ed States  Secret  Service,  he  compiled  a 
"History  of  the  Chicago  Pohce."  He  is 
the  compiler,  also,  of  the  "Standard  Guide 
to  Chicago,"  and  was  appointed  compiler 
of  all  the  authorized  Guide  Books  of  the 
World's  Columbian  Exposition.  He  is 
a  charter  member  of  the  Chicago  Press 
Club,  and  was  elected  to  its  Presidency  in 
1906.  He  is  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Twentieth  Century  Club  of  Evanston,  and 
has  been  its  President.  He  is  serving  his 
third  term  as  a  member  of  the  Evanston 
City  Council. 


FRANK  MYER  FORREY. 

Frank  Myer  Forrey,  credit  man  State 
Bank  of  Chicago,  was  born  in  Cambridge 
City,  Ind.,  November  i,  1859,  the  son  of 
William  Sharpless  and  Lydia  (Myer)  For- 
rey, the  former  a  native  of  Milton,  Ind., 
and  the  latter  of  Dublin,  Ind.  The  father 
was  engaged  in  the  hotel  business  for  many 
years,  for  ten  years  was  in  charge  of  the 
Hotel  Phoenix  at  Shreveport,  La. ;  one  year 
with  the  Commercial  Hotel  at  Muscatine, 
Iowa ;  five  years  with  the  Occidental  Hotel 
at  Wichita,  Kan.,  and  five  years  with  the 
Glen  House  at  Harper,  Kan.  He  died  in 
April,  1904. 

Frank  M.  Forrey  came  to  Chicago  in 
1864,  acquired  his  education  there  and,  in 
1875,  entered  into  the  employment  of  the 
Central  National  Bank,  remaining  one  year, 
when  he  became  a  clerk  and  later  Exchange 
Clerk,  in  the  Clearing  House  for  two  years. 
He  was  then  offered  the  position  of  Assist- 


ant Cashier  of  the  firm  of  A.  T.  Stewart  i 
Co.,  where  three  years  later  he  assumed  the 
entire  responsibility  as  Cashier  without  an 
assistant.  In  1881  he  became  connected 
with  the  wholesale  dry  goods  firm  of  James 
H.  Walker  &  Co.,  as  Cashier,  remaining 
until  the  failure  of  the  firm  in  1893,  when 
he  became  an  employe  of  the  State  Bank  of 
Chicago,  in  which,  at  the  present  time,  he 
holds  the  position  of  credit  man. 

On  November  i,  188 1,  Mr.  Forrey  was 
married  in  the  city  of  Chicago,  to  Alida 
Churcher,  who  was  born  in  Chicago  in  1862 
and  is  a  granddaughter  of  Rev.  Edward  D. 
Wheadon,  who  was  a  prominent  Methodist 
preacher  and  one  of  the  early  settlers  of 
Evanston.  Mrs.  Forrey 's  mother  was 
a  teacher  in  the  vicinity  of  Evans- 
ton a  half  century  ago.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Forrey  have  lived  at  the  same  location  in 
Evanston,  No.  2040  Sherman  Avenue,  since 
1882,  a  period  of  nearly  twenty-five  years. 
They  have  two  children :  La  Jeune  C,  born 
in  Evanston,  November  i,  1885,  and  Rich- 
ard Lindgren,  born  in  the  same  place,  De- 
cember 5,  1 89 1.  The  daughter.  La  Jeune, 
won  the  oratorical  contest  of  Literary  So- 
cieties as  a  student  in  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity in  1904,  being  the  first  female 
student  to  gain  that  distinction  in  ten  years. 

Mr.  Forrey  served  as  Alderman  of  his 
ward  two  years  (1897-98),  is  a  member  of 
the  Republican  party  and  in  religious  faith 
and  association  a  Methodist.  He  is  fra- 
ternally associated  with  the  Royal  Arca- 
num, the  Royal  League,  of  which  he  has 
been  an  officer  since  1883 ;  the  Order  of 
Columbian  Knights,  and  formerly  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Boat  Club,  but  later  of  the  Evan- 
ston Club.  He  is  also  identified  with  the 
Evanston  Musical  Club,  which  includes  in 
its  membership  a  large  proportion  of  the 
musical  talent  of  the  University  city. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


627 


MITCHELL  DAVIS  FOLLANSBEE. 

Mitchell  Davis  Follansbee,  who  is  en- 
gaged in  the  practice  of  the  law  in  Chicago, 
with  offices  in  the  Home  Insurance  Build- 
ing, and  in  New  York,  with  offices  in  the 
Trinity  Building,  is  the  son  of  George  A. 
Follansbee,  and  was  born  in  Chicago  Janu- 
ary 23,  1870.  He  obtained  his  education  in 
the  public  schools,  the  South  Division  High 
School,  Harvard  School,  and  Harvard 
University,  from'  which  he  was  graduated 
in  i8q2,  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  He  then 
entered  the  Northwestern  Lhiiversity  Law 
School,  being  graduated  therefrom  in  1894, 
with  the  degree  of  LL.  B.  He  was  on  the 
first  Board  of  the  Northwestern  Law  Re- 
view, and  a  member  of  the  Phi  Delta  Phi 
Legal  Fraternity.  He  now  holds  the  posi- 
tion of  lecturer  on  Legal  Ethics  in  the 
Northwestern  LTniversity  Law  School  and 
is  Professor  of  Illinois  Practice  in  that 
institution.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Univer- 
sity, Midday,  Onwentsia,  Forty,  Saddle  & 
Cycle,  and  Harvard  clubs  of  Chicago,  and 
belongs  to  the  Legal  Club,  Law  Club,  the 
Chicago  Bar  Association,  the  Illinois  State 
Bar  Association,  the  Harvard  Club  and  the 
Lawyers'  Club  of  New  York,  and  the  Har- 
vard Union  of  Cambridge,  Mass.  He  is 
President  of  the  District  Council  of  the 
Lower  North  District  of  the  Bureau  of 
Charities,  and  is  President  of  the  North- 
western University  Law  Publishing  Asso- 
ciation, publishers  of  the  new  Illinois  Law 
Review. 

On  April  14,  1903,  Mr.  Follansbee  was 
married  at  Seabreeze,  Fla.,  to  Miss  Julia 
Rogers  McConnell.  They  have  two  chil- 
dren: Eleanor,  born  January  27,  1904,  and 
Mitchell  Davis  Follansbee,  Jr.,  born  March 
6,  1906.  Their  home  is  at  52  Bellevue 
Place,  Chicago. 


ROLLIX  CURTIS  WINSLOW,  M.  D. 

Dr.  Rollin  Curtis  Winslow,  physician  and 
surgeon,  who  is  engaged  in  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  at  Sault  Ste.  Marie, 
Mich.,  was  born  at  Laporte,  Mich.,  August 
II,  1873.  He  received  his  primary  mental 
training  in  the  public  school,  and  afterward 
became  a  pupil  in  the  Laporte  (Mich.) 
High  School.  He  then  studied  languages 
in  a  private  school,  for  two  years.  His 
first  course  of  medical  study  was  pursued  in 
the  Saginaw  Valley  Medical  College,  from 
which  he  was  graduated  in  1899,  with  the 
degree  of  M.  D.  He  matriculated  in 
Northwestern  University  Medical  School  in 
the  summer  of  1901,  and  graduated  there- 
from with  the  class  of  1902. 

Previous  to  taking  the  university  course, 
Dr.  Winslow  was  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  medicine  at  West  Branch,  Mich.,  from 
June,  1899,  to  September,  1901.  On  grad- 
uating from  the  medical  department  of  the 
university  he  entered  upon  practice  in  his 
present  location. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  American  Medi- 
cal Association ;  the  Michigan  State  Medi- 
cal Society;  the  Copper  Peninsula  (Mich.) 
Medical  Society;  and  the  Chippewa  County 
(Mich.)  Medical  Society,  of  which  he  was 
elected  Secretary  in  1905. 

On  September  21,  1898,  at  Saginaw, 
Mich.,  Dr.  Winslow  was  united  in  mar- 
riage with  Edith  May  McAlpine.  This 
union  has  resulted  in  one  child,  Madeline 
Eloise,  born  January  22,  1905. 


WILLIAM   HUDSON   DAMSEL. 

William  H.  Damsel,  a  well  known  and 
highly  respected  citizen  of  Evanston,  111., 
was  born  in  Westchester,  Chester  County, 
Pa.,  February  7,  1844,  the  son  of  L^riah  and 
Catherine     (Phipps)     Damsel,    natives    of 


628 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


Pennsylvania,  the  former  born  in  Lancaster 
County  and  the  latter  in  Chester  County. 
The  occupation  of  L^riah  Damsel  was  that 
of  a  manufacturer.  In  early  youth  William 
H.  Damsel  obtained  his  education  in  the 
schools  of  his  native  town,  and  after  his 
studies  were  completed,  secured  a  position 
in  the  employ  of  the  Central  Ohio  Rail- 
road Company.  April  17,  1861,  he  enlisted 
as  a  private  in  the  Third  Regular  Ohio 
Volunteer  Infantry,  for  a  service  of  three 
months,  being  mustered  out  August  19, 
1861,  at  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  enlist- 
ment. On  May  i,  1864,  he  entered  the 
service  of  the  Adams  Express  Company, 
with  which  he  has  ever  since  been  con- 
nected. 

On  September  15,  1870.  Mr.  Damsel  was 
united  in  marriage,  at  Columbus,  Ohio, 
with  Susan  R.  Nace,  who  was  born  at 
Morristown,  in  that  State,  March  7,  1845. 
Five  children  were  born  of  this  union, 
namely :  William  Wynkoop,  born  December 
27,  1871  ;  Edna  Murray,  born  January  14, 
1873;  Jessamine  Phipps,  born  April  i, 
1877;  Ethel  Birch,  born  June  20,  1879;  and 
Percy,  born  June  10,  1882. 

In  politics  Mr.  Damsel  is  a  supporter  of 
the  Republican  party,  and  fraternally  is 
•identified  with  the  Royal  Arcanum  and  the 
Knights  of  Honor. 


GEORGE  OSMAN  IDE. 

George  Osman  Ide  (deceased),  formerly 
a  well  known  attorney  of  Evanston,  111., 
and  a  highly  respected  citizen,  was  born  at 
Passumpsic,  Vt.,  November  25,  1831.  His 
father.  Rev.  George  Barton  Ide,  a  clergy- 
man of  the  Baptist  Qiurch,  was  born  in 
Coventry,  Vt..  February  17,  1804,  and  his 
mother,  Harriet  (Walker)  Ide,  was  born 
December  21,   1807.     The  ancestry  of  the 


Ide  family  dates  back  to  an  early  period  in 
New  England  history.  John  Ide,  the  great- 
grandfather of  George  O.,  born  in  1742, 
and  deceased  in  181 5,  was  a  soldier  in  the 
Revolutionary  army.  Timothy  Ide,  another 
ancestor,  whose  life  covered  the  period  be- 
tween 1660  and  1735,  was  an  early  settler 
of  Bristol  County.  Massachusetts.  He  took 
an  active  part  in  the  wars  against  the  In- 
dians, and  was  an  ensign  to  the  General 
Court  of  ^lassachusetts.  .Still  another  an- 
cestor, Nicholas  Ide,  came  from  England  to 
Massachusetts  in  1643.  He  was  one  of  the 
original  settlers  of  Bristol  County,  and  one 
of  the  first  landowners  there.  He  was  ac- 
tive in  the  early  settlements ;  was  one  of  a 
committee  appointed  to  settle  disputes  with 
King  F'hilip,  the  Indian  Chief,  in  1689,  and 
was  the  first  of  his  name  in  America. 

Rev.  George  B.  Ide,  father  of  George  O., 
was  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  Church  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  from  1838  to  1852,  and 
of  the  first  Baptist  Church  of  Springfield, 
Mass.,  from  1852  to  1872.  He  died  in  the 
city  last  named,  April  16,  1872. 

George  O.  Ide  attended  the  public  schools 
of  Philadelphia,  to  which  place  the  family 
had  moved,  and  completed  his  education  at 
Hamilton  College,  N.  Y.,  where  he  gradu- 
ated. He  studied  law  under  Rufus  Choate, 
in  Springfield,  Mass.,  where  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar.  Soon '  afterwards  he 
came  to  Illinois  and,  about  1855,  settled  in 
Princeton,  where  he  began  the  practice  of 
law.  In  this  he  continued  successfully  un- 
til 1 87 1,  when  he  came  to  Chicago  and 
formed  a  partnership  with  George  L.  Pad- 
dock, formerly  of  Princeton,  under  the  firm 
name  of  Paddock  &  Ide,  during  the  same 
year  taking  up  his  residence  in  Evanston, 
where  he  lived  during  the  remainder  of  his 
life.  About  three  years  before  his  death 
the  firm  of  Paddock  &  Ide  was  dissolved, 
and  Mr.  Ide  thereafter  practiced  alone. 
He  was  Village  Attorney  of  Evanston  from 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


629 


1874  to  1880,  and  attained  a  prominent  po- 
sition at  the  Chicago  bar. 

Mr.  Ide  was  married  at  Princeton,  111., 
January  29,  1862,  to  Helen  M.  Ide,  a 
daughter  of  Cassander  Ide,  of  that  place. 
Mrs.  Ide  was  born  at  Essex,  Vt.,  and  be- 
longed to  the  same  general  lineage  as  her 
husband.  The  children  born  of  this  union 
who  are  still  living  are :  William  K.  Ide, 
of  the  First  National  Bank,  Chicago; 
Charles  B.  Ide,  of  the  Corn  Exchange  Na- 
tional Bank,  Chicago;  Arthur  C.  Ide,  an 
attorney  of  Chicago ;  and  Airs.  Henry  W. 
Dakin,  of  Detroit,  Mich.  The  eldest  of  the 
sons  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ide,  died  in  Evans- 
ton,  August  6,  1894. 

In  politics,  George  O.  Ide  was  a  Demo- 
crat, and  fraternally,  was  a  member  of  the 
Masonic  order,  and  in  religious  belief,  a 
Baptist.  His  death  occurred  at  his  home 
in  Evanston,  February  7,  1885.  The  home 
at  No.  1425  Maple  Avenue,  where  the  fam- 
ily have  resided  since  1881,  is  still  occupied 
by  his  widow  and  three  surviving  sons. 


ORRIN  T.  MAXSON,  M.  D. 

Orrin  T.  Maxson,  M.  D.  (deceased), 
formerly  a  prominent  physician  in  Evans- 
ton,  111.,  was  born  in  the  State  of  New 
York  in  1825,  being  descended  from  an  old 
New  England  family.  In  his  early  child- 
hood he  went  to  Wisconsin  with  his  parents, 
who  were  among  the  earliest  settlers  in  the 
northwestern  part  of  that  State.  There  he 
attended  the  public  schools  and  received 
his  early  mental  training.  His  professional 
education  was  obtained  in  Rush  Medical 
College,  Chicago.  Dr.  Maxson  began  the 
practice  of  medicine  in  Prescott,  Wis., 
where  he  remained  several  years,  when  he 
removed  to  Chicago,  and  where  he  con- 
tinued in  practice.  He  subsequently  lived 
and  practiced  for  a  time  in  Waukegan,  111. 


In  the  early  'eighties  he  moved  to  Evans- 
ton,  111.,  where  he  devoted  himself  to  his 
profession  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
at  Pasadena,  Cal.,  in  1895.  Dr.  Maxson 
recruited  Company  A,  Twelfth  Regiment 
Wisconsin  \'olunteer  Infantry  for  service  in 
the  Civil  War,  and  served  as  its  Captain 
(hiring  the  entire  war. 

Dr.  Maxson  was  married  to  Eunice  Mc- 
Cray,  of  New  York  State.  Those  of  their 
children  who  are  living  are :  Dr.  O.  P.  Max- 
son, of  Waukegan;  and  Amelia  (Ma.xson) 
Knox,  who  resides  in  Evanston.  In  1882 
the  daughter,  Amelia,  became  the  wife  of 
Laverne  L.  Knox,  of  Waukegan,  who  was 
engaged  in  business  in  Chicago,  and  died 
in  Evanston  in  1889. 

Dr.  Maxson  was  a  physician  of  high 
standing  in  his  profession  and  of  superior 
accomplishments,  and  was  a  valued  member 
of  the  leading  medical  societies.  Politically 
he  was  an  active  Republican  and  took  a 
good  citizen's  interest  in  public  affairs. 
While  living  in  Wisconsin  he  served  as  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  of  that  State. 
Fraternally,  he  was  a  Knight  Templar,  and 
in  religious  belief  a  Congregationalist. 


FRANK  WHEELOCK  GEROULD. 

Among  the  most  prominent  men  in  the 
social,  political  and  religious  circles  of 
Evanston,  111.,  whose  business  interests  are 
in  Chicago,  is  the  gentleman  whose  name 
heads  this  brief  personal  record.  Mr.  Ge- 
rould  was  born  in  Smithfield,  Pa.,  January 
13,  1854,  the  son  of  Marcus  B.  and  Mary 
E.  (Bingham)  Gerould,  of  whom  the  for- 
mer was  born  in  Smithfield,  Pa.,  October 
28,  1818,  and  the  latter,  in  Towanda  County, 
in  the  same  State,  January  2,  1827.  Mar- 
cus B.  Gerould  was  a  merchant  by  occupa- 
tion. In  1857  he  moved  from  Pennsylvania 
to  Rockford,  111.,  where,  with  the  exception 


630 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


of  a  few  years  spent  in  Byron,  111.,  the 
family  made  their  permanent  home. 

In  youth  the  subject  of  this  sketch  dili- 
gently utilized  the  opportunities  afforded 
by  the  public  schools  of  Rockford,  and,  af- 
ter completing  his  studies,  secured  employ- 
ment as  clerk  in  a  shoe  store  in  that  city. 
In  1878  he  located  in  Chicago  and  entered 
the  employ  of  A.  G.  Spaulding  &  Bros., 
extensive  dealers  in  athletic  goods,  in 
which  connection  he  has  remained  until  the 
present  time.  Mr.  Gerould  now  occupies 
the  position  of  managing  director  of  the 
western  department  of  that  widely  known 
establishment.  He  maintains  a  high  repu- 
tation for  executive  ability  in  the  commer- 
cial circles  of  Chicago,  and  is  very  popular 
among  the  employes  and  patrons  of  the  con- 
cern with  which  he  has  been  so  long  identi- 
fied. 

On  September  i,  1881,  Mr.  Gerould  was 
united  in  marriage,  in  the  city  of  Chicago, 
with  Mary  S.  Avery,  who  was  born  in  Bel- 
videre.  111.,  on  February  9,  i860.  Three 
children  have  been  born  to  them :  Helen 
Louise,  born  January  9,  1890;  Frank  Avery, 
born  August  15,  1893,  and  Walter  Blakes- 
ley,  born  August  18,  1898.  The  mother  of 
this  family  passed  away  in  Evanston,  March 
II,  1901. 

Mr.  Gerould  is  connected  with  the  First 
Presbyterian  Church,  of  Evanston,  and  is 
a  member  of  its  Board  of  Trustees.  In 
politics  he  is  a  supporter  ot  the  Republican 
party,  and  has  represented  his  ward  in 
Evanston,  as  Alderman,  for  the  last  eight 
years.  Socially  he  is  a  member  of  the 
Evanston  Club,  of  which  he  is  President 
and  director ;  a  member  of  the  Chicago 
Athletic  Club,  and  of  the  Glen  View  Golf 
Club.  He  is  one  of  the  Directors  of  the 
State  Bank  of  Evanston.  In  earlier  life  he 
belonged  to  the  Illinois  National  Guard  for 
six  vears.  He  is  highly  regarded  through- 
out the  communitv. 


WILLIAM    BECKLEY    PARKES. 

William  B.  Parkes  (deceased),  formerly 
a  prominent  citizen  of  Evanston,  111.,  and  a 
man  of  lovable  and  great  force  of  charac- 
ter, was  born  in  Saugerties,  N.  Y.,  March 
19,  1838.  He  was  a  son  of  Joseph  and 
Mary  (Dunn)  Parkes,  who  came  from 
Dudlev,  England,  five  or  six  years  before 
his  birth,  and  a  brother  of  the  noted  sur- 
geon. Dr.  Charles  T.  Parkes,  of  Chicago. 
Joseph  Parkes  was  an  iron  master,  with 
interests  in  Wheeling,  W.  \a..,  and  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  He  prepared  his  son,  William, 
for  a  commercial  career,  the  latter  having 
graduated  from  a  business  college  in  Wheel- 
ing at  the  age  of  thirteen  years.  From  that 
period  he  worked  in  his  father's  foundry 
and  made  himself  independent,  paying  his 
own  board  and  other  expenses. 

In  the  panic  of  1857,  the  failure  of  his 
father's  works  at  St.  Louis,  with  which  he 
was  connected,  together  with  his  marriage 
at  the  same  time,  made  it  necessary  for  him 
to  seek  other  employment.  He  accordingly 
went  from  St.  Louis  to  Southern  Illinois, 
and  worked  on  farms  in  order  to  secure 
means  to  engage  in  business  on  -his  own 
account.  In  1864,  he  bought  a  farm  in 
Will  County,  111.,  which  he  operated  for 
three  years,  and  then,  commg  to  Chicago, 
secured  employment  in  connection  with  the 
North  Chicago  Rolling  Mill  Company. 

In  1868,  Capt.  E.  B.  Ward,  of  Detroit, 
founded  the  Milwaukee  Iron  Works,  and 
among  other  skilled  workmen  who  were 
taken  there  from  Chicago,  was  Mr.  Parkes. 
He  was  soon  promoted  to  the  superinten- 
dency  of  a  department  in  the  plant,  and 
subsequently,  when  the  North  Chicago  Roll- 
ing Mill  Company  acquired  possession  of 
the  works,  he  was  made  General  Superin- 
tendent. This  position  he  held  for  ten 
vears  or  more,  having  an  average  of  2,000 
men  under  his  direction.    He  was  especially 


I 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


631 


happy  in  his  method  of  deaHng  with  his 
employes,  and  was  successful  in  building 
up  an  industrious  and  prosperous  communi- 
ty. In  this  connection  he  became  widely 
known  as  a  practical  iron-master  of  ripe 
experience  and  broad  general  knowledge 
of  all  phases  of  the  business.  Besides  his 
rolling  mill  connection,  he  was  interested 
in  iron  mines  and  transportation  companies 
to  a  considerable  extent. 

At  this  period  ill  health  compelled  Mr. 
Parkes  to  retire  from  active  business,  and 
he  severed  his  connection  with  the  concern 
in  1890.  Disposing  of  his  Milwaukee  in- 
terests he  purchased  a  home  in  Evanston, 
where  he  lived  in  retirement  until  1899. 
He  died  August  4,  1899,  in  Milwaukee, 
where  he  had  gone  to  visit  his  daughter. 

Mr.  Parkes  was  married  at  St.  Louis,  in 
1857,  to  Mary  Jane  McNickle,  a  daughter 
of  George  and  Jane  (McCoy)  McNickle, 
of  that  city.  Mrs.  Parkes,  who  is  still  liv- 
ing, was  born  in  Pennsylvania  and  reared 
in  Virginia.  The  children  of  this  union  are 
as  follows :  Ida  Virginia  Parkes,  Mrs.  Mary 
(Parkes)  Llewellyn.  Mrs.  Jennie  (Parkes^ 
Grier,  Mrs.  Annie  (Parkes)  Phillips,  and 
Dr.  William  Ross  Parkes,  all  of  Evanston, 
and  Mrs.  Sarah  (Parkes)  Treat,  of  Apple- 
ton,  Wis. 

]\Ir.  Parkes  became  a  member  of  the 
]\Iethodist  Episcopal  Church  when  he  was 
fourteen  years  of  age,  and  when  he  re- 
moved to  his  farm  in  Will  County,  he 
helped  to  found  a  church  at  Monee.  He 
was  afterwards  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Dixon  Street  M.  E.  Church  in  Chicago,  and 
of  Trinity  M.  E.  Church  in  Milwaukee, 
where  he  served  as  Sunday-school  Super- 
intendent for  twenty  years.  After  coming 
to  Evanston  he  was  one  of  the  builders  of 
Emmanuel  M.  E.  Church.  For  several 
vears  he  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  and  of  the  official  board  of  the  last 
named  church.  "Though  dead  he  yet 
speaketh,"  and  "his  works  do  follow  him." 


JOSEPH  WATERS  WORK. 

Joseph  W.  Work,  who  is  successfully 
engaged  in  the  real  estate  business  in  Evan- 
ston, 111.,  was  born  in  Dewitt,  Carroll  Coun- 
ty. Mo.,  September  18,  1871.  His  father, 
Andrew  Jackson  Work,  was  a  native  of 
Charlestown,  Ind.,  where  he  was  born  Oc- 
tober 17,  1819,  and  his  mother,  Elizabeth 
(Waters)  Work,  was  born  in  Lincoln 
County,  Ky.,  October  15,  1835.  Andrew 
Jackson  Work  was  a  farmer  by  occupation 
and  his  whole  active  life  was  devoted  to 
agricultural  pursuits. 

The  early  education  of  Joseph  W. 
was  obtained  in  the  public  schools  and 
the  high  school  at  North  Salem,  Ind., 
and  Bunker  Hill,  III,  and,  after  com- 
pleting his  studies,  he  became  a  traveling 
salesman.  This  occupation  he  followed  for 
nine  years  previous  to  making  his  home  in 
Evanston,  where  he  located  in  1894.  In 
that  year  he  established  himself  in  the  real 
estate  business  in  partnership  with  his  fa- 
ther-in-law, Lewis  M.  Perry,  succeeding  to 
the  latter's  interest  in  the  firm,  in  1897  and 
establishing  at  that  time  the  firm  known  as 
The  J.  W.  Work  Agency. 

On  December  27.  1893,  Mr.  Work  was 
united  in  marriage  at  Evanston,  with  Flora 
Perrv,  who  was  born  in  Murdock,  111.,  De- 
cember 10,  1 87 1. 

In  politics,  Mr.  Work  pursues  an  inde- 
pendent course,  ignoring  party  lines.  His 
religious'  connection  is  with  the  Evanston 
Christian  Church,  of  which  he  is  a  charter 
member.  Socially  he  is  identified  with  the 
Evanston  Club. 


SUSAN  LEONHARDT. 

Mrs.  Susan  Leonhardt,  one  of  the  oldest 
living  natives  of  Cook  County,  111.,  was  born 
at  Grosse  Point,  September  18,  1840,  and 
enjoys  the  distinction  of  being  the  first 
white  child  born  within  the  present  city  of 


632 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


Evanston.  She  is  a  daughter  of  Paul 
and  CaroHne  (Adams)  Pratt,  who  were 
natives  of  Massachusetts ;  her  mother 
CaroHne  Adams,  being  a  daughter  of  Rev. 
Ephraim  Adams,  who  was  a  member  of  the 
same  family  which  furnished  two  Presi- 
dents of  the  United  States — John  Adams 
and  John  Quincy  Adams.  Her  father  was 
born  in  Weston,  Middlesex  County,  Mass., 
September  11,  1807,  and  her  mother,  in  Ox- 
ford, Worcester  County,  March  10,  1816. 
Paul  Pratt  was  the  owner  of  considerable 
landed  property,  for  those  times,  and  was 
engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits.  His 
father,  also  Paul  Pratt,  was  one  of  the  his- 
torical "Minute  Alen"  of  Massachusetts 
Colony,  who  sprang  to  arms  from  every 
village  and  farm  in  Middlesex  Comity,  when 
Paul  Revere  sounded  the  summons  on  his 
celebrated  ride  in  1775.  Paul  Pratt,  Jr., 
the  father  of  Mrs.  Leonhardt,  moved  to  Il- 
linois at  an  early  period,  locating  on  the  site 
of  the  present  city  of  Evanston.  On  his 
land  in  that  locality,  he  hewed  timber  and 
rafted  it  to  the  mouth  of  the  Chicago  River, 
to  be  used  in  building  the  first  Government 
pier  at  Chicago  in  1839.  He  had  two  sons 
who  took  part  in  the  Civil  War,  Charles  E. 
and  Willard  I.  The  former  served  three 
years  in  the  Eighth  Regiment  Illinois  Vol- 
unteer Cavalry ;  the  latter  was  a  member  of 
Company  C,  Eighty-ninth  Regiment  Illinois 
Volunteer  Infantry,  and  was  taken  prison- 
er at  Dallas,  Ga.,  and  incarcerate  in  An- 
dersonville  prison,  where  he  languished  for 
seven  months.  He  died  at  home  in  1865. 
From  their  log  cabin  on  Leon  Avenue,  the 
family  moved  in  1848,  to  a  frame  house, 
built  that  year,  and  which  was  one  of  the 
first  frame  dwellings  constructed  in  Evan- 
ston. 

Mrs.  Leonhardt  spent  her  childhood  years 
in  the  way  customary  for  farmers'  daugh- 
ters in  a  new  settlement.  Her  early  mental 
training  was  obtained  in  the  country  school 


at  Ridgeville,  now  a  part  of  Evanston,  and 
she  grew  to  maturity  on  the  paternal  farm. 
On  September  30,  1857,  she  was  united  in 
marriage  at  Evanston,  with  Louis  Leon- 
hardt, and  twelve  children  were  born  of 
this  union:  Charles  E.,  born  April  29,  1859; 
Arthur  D.,  born  November  3,  1861 ;  Frank 
W.,  born  November  29,  1863 ;  Carrie  E. 
(Mrs.  Stiles)  born  February  4,  1865;  Ella, 
who  was  born  August  29,  1866,  and  died  in 
1867;  George  P.,  born  March  7,  1868; 
Louis,  born  November  25,  1870,  and  died  in 
1880;  Eva  May,  born  January  21,  1873,  and 
died  in  1880;  Paul,  born  February  10,'  1875, 
and  died  in  1880 ;  Fred.  L.,  born  July  30, 
1877,  and  died  in  1880;  Richard  J.,' born 
November  17,  1880;  and  Willard  I.,  born 
January  7,  1882.  Seven  of  this  family  still 
survive. 

In  religious  faith,  Mrs.  Leonhardt  is  a 
Baptist,  and  a  zealous  member  of  the  Mis- 
sionary Society  of  the  First  Baptist  Church 
of  Evanston.  She  is  an  object  of  affec- 
tionate interest  to  her  children,  and  of  cor- 
dial esteem  by  a  large  circle  of  friends. 


LEWIS   TABOR   BRISTOL. 

Lewis  Tabor  Bristol,  who  is  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  dentistry  in  Nogales,  Ariz., 
was  born  in  Cairo,  111.,  September  i,  1872, 
the  son  of  Walter  L.  and  Louisa  S.  Bristol, 
natives  of  Illinois.  In  early  boyhood.  Dr. 
Bristol  received  his  primary  mental  train- 
ing in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  town, 
where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  youth- 
ful 3'ears.  He  entered  the  Dental  School  of 
Northwestern  University  in  1894,  graduat- 
ing therefrom  in  1897,  with  the  degree  of 
D.  D.  S.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Delta  Sig- 
ma Delta  Fraternity.  Shortly  after  his 
graduation  he  entered  upon  the  practice  of 
his  profession,  in  which  he  has  continued 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


633 


successfully  ever  since.  In  politics,  Dr. 
Bristol  is  an  earnest  supporter  of  the  Repub- 
lican party.  In  1905,  he  served  as  a  Repre- 
sentative of  Santa  Cruz  County  in  the  Leg- 
islature of  Arizona. 


VERNELLE  FREELAND  BROWNE. 

Vernelle  F.  Browne,  attorney-at-lavv, 
Farmer  City,  111.,  was  born  at  De  Witt, 
De  Witt  County,  111.,  January  8,  1873. 
He  acquired  his  primary  education  in  the 
local  high  school  and  by  home  study,  took 
a  law  course  in  the  Northwestern  Uni- 
\ersity  Law  School  at  Evanston,  111.,  with 
one  semester  in  the  Law  Department  of 
the  University  of  Michigan  at  Ann  Arbor 
in  that  State.  While  in  the  University 
he  was  much  interested  in  athletics,  and 
a  member  of  the  Masonic  Club  at  the 
University  of  Michigan.  He  worked  his 
way  through  the  University,  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  October,  1899,  and,  starting 
in  debt,  since  entering  upon  his  profes- 
sion has  been  very  successful,  having 
accumulated,  in  less  than  seven  years' 
practice,  an  estate  valued  at  $15,000.  The 
official  positions  held  by  Mr.  Browne 
since  locating  at  Farmer  City,  111.,  include 
those  of  City  Clerk  for  two  years  (May 
I,  1901,  to  May  I,  1903)  ;  City  Attorney 
since  May  i,  1903,  in  which  he  is  now 
serving  his  second  term,  which  will  expire 
May  I,  1907.  He  has  been  solicited  at  dif 
ferent  times  to  become  the  candidate  of 
the  Republican  party  for  County  Judge, 
State's  Attorney  and  Representative  in 
the  State  Legislature,  but  believing  that 
his  best  interests  would  be  subserved  by 
adhering  to  his  profession,  has  declined. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias 
Modern  Woodmen,  Red  Men,  a  Thirty- 
second  Degree  Mason,  the  Order  of  the 
Eastern  Star,  the  Rathbon  Sisters  and  the 
Benevolent  and  Protective  Order  of  Elks. 


On  December  6,  1899,  Mr.  Browne  was 
married  to  Miss  Daisy  Gertrude  Reeser, 
of  Farmer  City,  111.,  and  they  have  one 
daughter,  Theresa  Gertrude  Browne,  born 
February  5,  1903. 


WALTER  LAURANCE  HERDIEN. 

\\'alter  Laurance  Herdien,  wh'o  is  a 
successful  representative  of  the  younger 
element  of  rising  lawyers  who  are  becom- 
ing favorably  known  at  the  bar  of  Chi- 
cago, was  born  in  Galva,  111.  August  8, 
1874.  He  is  a  son  of  Peter  and  Martha 
(Johnson)  Herdien,  natives  of  Sweden, 
In  early  youth  he  made  diligent  use  of 
the  opportunities  for  an  education  afforded 
by  the  public  schools  of  his  native  place, 
and  in  September,  1894,  matriculated  in 
the  Liberal  Arts  Department  of  North- 
western University,  from  which  he  was 
graduated  in  June,  1898,  with  the  degree 
of  A.  B.  He  entered  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity Law  School  in  September,  1898, 
graduating  therefrom  in  June,  1900,  with 
the  degree  of  LL.  B.  During  his  collegi- 
ate course,  he  was  a  member  of  the  Beta 
Theta  Pi  Fraternity  and  the  Deru  Society. 
Shortly  after  graduating  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  and  at  once  entered  upon  the 
practice  of  his  profession,  in  which  he  has 
since  continued.  In  social  circles,  he  is 
affiliated  with  the  B.  P.  O.  E. 

On  October  25,  1903,  Mr.  Herdien  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Mabel  Geneva 
Sharp,  of  Kewanee,  111.  .  Politically,  he  is 
a  Republican. 


ELMER  FORREST  HERDIEN,  M.  D. 

Elmer  Forrest  Herdien,  physician,  Chi- 
cago. 111.,  was  born  in  Galva,  111.,  May  22, 
1876,  the  son  of  Peter  and  Martha  (John- 
son)   Herdien,   both    natives   of   Sweden, 


634 


BIOGR-\PHICAL 


and  a  brother  of  ^^'alter  L.  Herdien,  a 
lawyer  of  Chicago.  Ehiier  F.  spent  most 
of  his  early  life  in  Chicago,  was  a  graduate 
from  the  Lake  View  High  School  and 
from  the  Northwestern  University,  later 
taking  a  course  in  the  Medical  Depart- 
ment of  the  University,  from  which  he 
was  graduated  in  1901.  After  gradua- 
tion he  served  for  a  time  as  interne  in 
hospital  work,  after  which  he  was  en- 
gaged in  practice  at  Baker  City,  Oregon. 
On  June  6,  1906,  Dr.  Herdien  was  mar- 
ried at  Kewanee,  111.,  to  ^liss  Xelle  John- 
son, of  that  city,  the  event  exciting  much 
interest  among  society  people,  and  being 
celebrated  with  much  eclat  in  the  pres- 
ence of  a  large  circle  of  friends  of  the 
bride  and  groom.  Dr.  Herdien's  address 
is  at  1317  Foster  Avenue  (Edgewater). 
Chicagfo. 


HENRY  BUTLER. 

Henry  Butler,  a  well-known  and  highl}- 
esteemed  citizen  of  Evanston,  Cook 
County,  111.,  where  he  has  lived  for  nearly 
twenty-six  years — during  a  considerable 
portion  of  this  period  being  e.xtensively 
and  successfully  engaged  in  the  livery  and 
teaming  business — was  born  in  Kenosha. 
\Ms.,  April  7.  i8fio.  the  son  of  Cornelius 
and  Barbara  ( Blanknheim)  Butler,  of 
whom  the  former  was  born  in  Richmond 
\'a..  in  July.  1822,  and  the  latter  in  Prue, 
a  small  town  in  The  Netherlands,  on  Feb- 
ruary 17,  1 83 1.  Cornelius  Butler  was  a 
carpenter  by  occupation,  and  followed  that 
trade  in  Kenosha,  Wis.,  of  which  place  he 
became  a  resident  in  1840.  Early  in  the 
Civil  \\'ar  he  enlisted  in  the  Thirty-ninth 
Regiment  Wisconsin  Volunteer  Infantry, 
with  which  he  served  until  the  end  of  the 
conflict,  when  he  returned  to  Kenosha, 
and  resumed  his  customary  work.  Shortly 
afterward  he  moved  to  Evanston,  where 


he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life.  The 
mother  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  came 
to  the  United  States  when  she  was  about 
sixteen  years  of  age.  Her  marriage  to 
i\Ir.  Butler  took  place  at  Kenosha  on 
March  13,  1851,  and  their  union  resulted 
in  eleven  children. 

The  early  mental  training  of  Henr\- 
Butler  was  obtained  in  the  district  schools 
in  the  \icinity  of  Kenosha,  and  in  the 
public  schools  of  that  city,  \\hen  not 
engaged  in  study,  he  applied  himself  to 
farm  work.  He  was  about  seventeen 
years  old  when  he  came  to  Evanston., 
where  he  was  employed  for  several  years 
in  various  kinds  of  labor  by  prominent 
citizens  of  the  place.  In  1893  he  started 
out  on  his  own  responsibility,  establish- 
ing himself  in  the  livery  and  teaming 
business,  in  which  he  has  ever  since  been 
very  successful.  He  now  conducts  two 
extensive  livery  barns,  has  about  seventy 
teams  in  use,  and  employs  forty  men, 
besides  an  office  force  of  four  girls.  He 
also  operates  large  blacksmith  and  repair 
shops.  His  entire  time  is  occupied  in 
superintending  this  business,  and  his 
energy,  diligence,  close  application  and 
honorable  methods  have  made  the  enter- 
prise a  pronounced  and  signal  success. 
With  the  exception  of  a  tour  of  inspection 
which  he  made  through  the  Western 
States,  he  has  not  been  absent  from  home 
to  any  extent  since  coming  to  Evanston. 

On  January  5,  1883,  Mr.  Butler  was 
united  in  marriage,  at  Evanston,  111.,  with 
Mary  Hager,  who  was  born  July  4,  1864, 
at  Florence,  Ala.,  where,  in  girlhood,  she 
enjoyed  the  advantages  of  the  public 
schools.  Mrs.  Butler  is  a  daughter  of 
William  Hager,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  a  soldier  in  the  Civil  \\'ar,  near  the 
close  of  which  he  lost  his  life.  Her  mother 
is  also  deceased. 

In  religious   faith   Mr.   Butler  is  a  Bap- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


635 


tist,  being  a  consistent  member  of  the 
Second  Baptist  Church,  of  Evanston. 
PoHtically  lie  has  always  been  a  firm 
RepubUcan,  but  never  an  aspirant  for  pub- 
Uc  office.  To  all  charitable  and  benev- 
olent enterprises  in  Evanston,  he  has  al- 
ways been  a  liberal  contributor.  He  has 
led  a  life  of  exceptional  personal  purity, 
having  never  made  use  of  tobacco  or  in- 
toxicants, nor  indulged  in  profane  lan- 
guage. His  strict  observance  of  correct 
rules  of  living  have  enabled  him  to  endure 
the  strain  of  long  and  strenuous  exertion 
in  building  up  his  extensive  business,  with 
no  impairment  of  mental  or  physical  fac- 
ulties, and  his  upright  and  honorable  deal- 
ings have  gained  for  him.  in  an  especial 
degree,  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  his 
fellow  citizens.  Mr.  Butler  is  regarded  as 
one  of  the  most  useful  and  exemplary 
members  of  the  community. 


JOHN  T.  BARKER. 

John  T.  Barker,  la\\'\  er  and  Mayor  of 
Evanston,  was  born  in  Derbyshire,  Eng- 
land, October  27,  i860,  the  son  of  John 
and  Mary  (Shimwell)  Barker.  John  Bar- 
ker, Sr.,  was  a  blacksmith  by  trade,  and 
his  death  occurred  in  England.  This 
bereavement  necessitated  his  son's  finding 
a  position  at  the  age  of  eleven  in  a  rolling 
mill,  in  order  to  help  support  his  mother. 
When  the  lad  was  thirteen  years  old,  with 
his  surviving  parent  he  took  passage 
for.  America,  locating  in  the  city  of  Chi- 
cago. The  boy  enjoyed  less  than  two 
years'  schooling  before  he  went  to  work 
in  earnest  for  the  North  Chicago  Rolling 
Mills.  A  little  later  he  secured  a  posi- 
tion with  the  Chicago  Steel  Works,  where, 
for  fifteen  years,  he  found  steady  employ- 
ment; first  as  a  common  laborer,  at  fifty 
cents  per  day,  spending  his  earnings  at  a 


night  school,  being  gradually  promoted 
through  the  positions  of  stenographer, 
bookkeeper,  cashier,  etc.,  until  he  received 
the  sum  of  $1,500  per  annum.  Here  he 
paused  long  enough  to  take  a  course  of 
lessons  at  the  Chicago  Athenaeum.  In 
1890  he  launched  out  in  the  real  estate 
business,  his  evenings  again  being  occu- 
pied with  the  study  of  law  in  the  night 
schools  of  the  great  city.  In  1893,  h's 
studiousness  was  rewarded  by  his  admit- 
tance to  the  bar. 

On  December  14,  1881,  Mr.  Barker  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Anna  Laura  Blanch- 
ard,  and  of  this  union  two  children  have 
been  born:  John  Lawrence,  born  August 
27,  1884,  and  Marion  Ethel,  born  July  22, 
1888.  In  1897,  Mr.  Barker  removed  with 
his  family  to  the  city  of  Evanston  111., 
with  the  history  of  whose  growth  the 
present  Mayor  has  been  and  is  still  inti- 
mately connected.  In  the  year  1900,  Mr. 
Barker  was  elected  Alderman  for  the 
Third  Ward,  thus  becoming  an  active 
member  of  the  City  Council.  In  1901  he 
took  an  extended  vacation,  making  a  tour 
through  England,  Scotland,  France  and 
Belgium,  and  other  European  countries. 
LIpon  his  return  to  Evanston  in  1902,  he 
was  re-elected  Alderman,  which  position 
he  resigned  in  the  spring  of  1903,  when 
he  was  made  Mayor  of  the  city  as  suc- 
cessor of  James  A.  Patten.  During  his 
official  connection  with  the  city.  Mayor 
Barker  has  been  greatly  interested  in 
much  legislation  of  an  important  nature, 
such  as  the  annexing  of  the  North  Shore 
territory  to  the  Drainage  District,  the 
consolidation  of  the  towns  included  in 
the  present  city  of  Evanston,  the  amend- 
ment of  the  Library  Act,  and  other  meas- 
ures pertaining  to  public  improvement. 
In  the  year  1905,  he  was  re-elected  Mayor 
of  the  city  whose  interests  he  has  served 
so  disinterestedly  and  well.     In  his  polit- 


636 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


ical  affiliations,  Mayor  Barker  is  a  Repub- 
lican. He  was  one  of  the  originators  of 
the  organization  of  the  first  Park  District 
of  the  city  of  Evanston,  an  improvement 
recognized  by  all.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  the  National  Union,  and 
Royal  League  Fraternities,  and  also  of  the 
local  Evanston  Club,  Hamilton  and  Golf 
Clubs.  He  belongs  to  the  Episcopalian 
Church. 


GEORGE  E.  GOOCH. 

George  E.  Gooch,  a  well-known  resident 
of  Evanston,  111.,  who  has  been  prom- 
inent in  the  business  circles  of  Chicago 
for  many  years,  was  born  in  Norwich, 
Norfolk,  England,  September  24,  1847,  the 
son  of  George  C.  and  Margaret  (Brewer) 
Gooch.  The  son  received  his  early  edu- 
cation in  the  common  schools  of  his  native 
land,  and  came  to  Chicago  in  1867.  He 
became  connected  with  the  commission 
firm  of  Sherman,  Hall  &  Pope,  and  soon 
afterwards  engaged  in  the  same  line  of 
business  on  South  Water  Street,  under 
the  firm  name  of  Richards  &  Gooch.  Sub- 
sequently, he  identified  himself  with 
Charles  Counselman  &  Co.,  and  still  re- 
mains in  that  connection.  Since  1869  he 
has  been  a  member  of  the  Chicago  Board 
of  Trade.  Mr.  Gooch  established  his  res- 
idence in  Evanston  in  1877,  and  is  con- 
sidered one  of  its  intelligent  and  sub- 
stantial citizens. 

Mr.  Gooch  was  married  in  November, 
1874,  to  Miss  Rhoda  England,  a  daughter 
of  William  England,  and  they  have  seven 
children,  all  of  whom  were  born  in  Evans- 
ton, and  all  are  still  living. 

In  his  political  views,  Mr.  Gooch  is  in- 
dependent, and  his  action  is  untrammeled 
by  party  ties.  He  has  served  as  Alder- 
man of  the  Second  Ward  in  the  City 
Council.     Socially,  he  belongs  to  the  A. 


F.  &  A.  M.  Royal  Arcanum,  of  which  he 
is  Regent ;  Royal  League,  of  which  he  is 
Orator ;  Modern  Woodmen  of  America, 
and  Sons  of  St.  George.  He  is  a  charter 
member  of  the  Evanston  Club  and  the 
Evanston  Boat  Club.  Mr.  Gooch  is  a 
communicant  in  St.  Mark's  Episcopal 
Church,  in  which  he  officiates  as  vestry- 
man. 


JOHN  W.  GIBSON. 

John  W.  Gibson  (deceased),  formerly 
a  well-known  resident  of  Evanston,  111., 
was  born  in  Batesville,  Noble  County, 
Ohio,  October  20,  1853.  His  parents  were 
William  and  Christine  (Stattler)  Gibson, 
the  former  being  a  merchant  by  occupa- 
tion. The  early  childhood  of  Mr.  Gibson 
was  passed  in  Batesville,  and  his  educa- 
tion was  received  in  the  schools  of  New- 
ark, Ohio.  He  was  trained  to  merchan- 
dising by  his  father,  and  on  the  death  of 
the  latter,  succeeded  to  the  business  and 
conducted  it  for  two  or  three  years. 
About  1881  he  came  West  and  became 
identified  with  the  nursery  business,  es- 
tablishing his  home  in  Davenport,  Iowa. 
In  this  connection  he  traveled  extensively, 
his  transactions  covering  the  States  of 
Iowa,  Illinois  and  Wisconsin.  He  con- 
tinued to  reside  at  Davenport  until  1890, 
when  he  moved  to  Evanston,  where  he 
remained  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
September  13,  1904. 

Mr.  Gibson  was  married  at  Monroe 
Center,  111.,  December  26,  1882,  to  Ella 
Tyler,  a  daughter  of  Mrs.  H.  C.  Tyler, 
of  that  place.  Mrs.  Gibson,  who  survives 
her  husband,  was  born  there  and  grew  up 
in  Illinois.  The  only  child  of  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Gibson  is  Harry  W.  Gibson,  who  has 
succeeded  to  the  conduct  and  manage- 
ment of  his  father's  business  interests. 
Mr.  Gibson  was  an  attendant  upon  the 
services  at  the  Baptist  Church. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


637 


JOHN  C.  MURPHY. 

John  C.  Murphy  (deceased), who  served 
as  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  Evanston.  111., 
for  nearly  twenty-three  years,  was  born 
in  Evanston  July  31.  1841,  the  first  white 
child  born  in  that  place.  His  parents 
were  Edward  and  Ann  (Mack)  Murphy, 
natives  of  Ireland,  the  father  born  at  Ken- 
more,  County  Kerry,  in  1805,  and  the 
mother  at  Castletown  Bearhaven,  County 
Cork.  Edward  Murphy  was  a  teacher 
and  mathematician  by  profession. 
Through  the  influence  of  the  Marquis  of 
Lansdowne,  while  still  a  young  man,  he 
was  appointed  to  the  position  of  Govern- 
ment teacher  at  London,  Upper  Canada, 
where  he  first  located  on  his  arrival  in 
America.  In  the  spring  of  1837  he  set- 
tled in  Chicago,  where  he  taught  in  the 
public  schools,  and  was  otherwise  inter- 
ested in  educational  affairs.  In  1839  he 
was  appointed  Deputy  Sheriff,  under 
Sheriff  Isaac  R.  Gavenfirst,  was  elected 
Coroner  of  Cook  County  in  1840,  and  re- 
elected in  1842.  He  was  the  first  Super- 
visor for  Evanston,  having  been  elected 
to  that  office  in  1850,  the  year  of  the  adop- 
tion of  township  organization,  and  served 
in  this  capacity  until  1856.  His  death 
occurred  January  25,  1875.  Eugene  ]\Iack 
a  brother  of  Mrs.  Edward  Murphy,  served 
in  the  United  States  Xavy  for  forty  years, 
and  was  an  officer  on  board  the  Frigate 
"Cumberland"'  when  that  vessel  was  sunk. 
Six  of  Edward  Murphy's  children  sur- 
vived him — two  sons  and  four  daughters, 
namely:  John  C,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch:  Edward,  Mary  A.  (Mrs.  Samp- 
son), Anna  E.,  Louisa  D.,  and  Eliza- 
beth C. 

John  C.  Murphy  received  his  early  edu- 
cation in  the  public  schools  of  Chicago, 
where  he  subsequently  pursued  a  course 
of  study  in  a  business  college.     His  father 


owned  a  farm  in  the  vicinity  of  Evans- 
ton, and  upon  this  John  C.  lived  until 
1875.  From  that  year  until  1881,  he  was 
in  the  employ  of  Cook  County.  He  al- 
ways made  his  home  in  Evanston,  and  in 
his  reminiscences  of  early  times  often  re- 
calls the  rush  of  gold  seekers,  with  their 
prairie  schooners  to  California  in  1849-50. 

On  July  19,  1877,  Mr.  Murphy  was 
united  in  marriage,  in  Chicago,  with  Eliz- 
abeth M.  Carroll,  who  was  born  at 
Ogdensburg,  N.  Y.,  August  4,  1857.  Four 
children  were  born  of  this  union,  namely : 
Edward  J.,  born  April  30,  1879;  J.  Francis, 
born  November  13,  1881  ;  Joseph  N.,  born 
January  7,  1891  and  Nannie  A.,  born 
August  23,  1886. 

In  politics.  Mr.  Murphy  was  an  un- 
swerving adherent  of  the  Republican 
];arty.  He  was  elected  Justice  of  the 
Peace  for  Evanston  Township  in  April, 
1881,  and  held  that  office  without  inter- 
mission until  the  time  of  his  death.  In 
fraternal  circles,  he  was  identified  with 
the  K.  of  P.  and  the  Catholic  Order  of 
Foresters.  He  belonged  to  the  Histor- 
ical Society  of  Evanston.  In  religion,  he 
was  a  devout  member  of  the  Catholic 
Church,  and  as  a  citizen,  was  ever  on  the 
alert  in  his  efforts  to  promote  the  best 
interests  of  the  community.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Evanston  Historical  Soci- 
ety. 

Mr.  Murphy  departed  this  life  on  Feb- 
ruary 21,  1904,  and  his  death  was  deeply 
lamented  by  all  who  knew  him.  He  was 
a  man  of  invariable  good  nature  and,  as 
a  public  official,  was  easily  accessible. 
On  account  of  the  numerous  wedding 
ceremonies  which  he  performed,  he  was 
sometimes  called  "Bishop"  Murphy. 
The  dwelling  in  which  he  was  born  is 
still  standing,  in  a  slightly  altered  condi- 
tion, on  the  northwest  corner  of  Clark 
Street  and  Rogers  Avenue. 


r 


638 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


EDWARD  J.  MURPHY. 

Edward  J.  Murphy,  Justice  of  the 
Peace,  Evanston,  111.,  is  a  native  of  Evans- 
ton,  where  he  was  born  April  30,  1879, 
the  son  of  John  C.  and  Elizabeth  M.  (Car- 
roll) Murphy,  the  father  born  in  Evans- 
ton,  111.,  July  31,  1841,  and  the  mother  in 
Ogdensburg,  N.  Y.,  August  4,  1S57.  John 
C.  Murphy  was  the  first  white  male  child 
born  in  Evanston,  and  died  in  that  city 
February  21,  1904.  The  grandparents, 
Edward  and  Ann  (Mack)  Murphy,  were 
natives  of  Ireland  (see  sketch  of  John  C. 
Murphy).  Grandfather  Edward  Murphy 
was  a  teacher  and  mathematician,  who 
came  to  Chicago  from  London,  Canada, 
in  the  spring  of  1837,  and  taught  in  the 
public  schools.  He  was  the  owner  of  a 
farm  situated  where  the  City  of  Evanston 
now  stands,  and  served  as  Deputy  Sheriff 
and  Coroner  of  Cook  County,  and  as  the 
first  Supervisor  of  Evanston,  to  which 
office  he  was  elected  in  1850. 

The  gentleman  to  whom  this  record  re- 
fers received  his  rudimentar}-  mental 
training  in  the  public  schools  of  Evans- 
ton, and  subsequently  graduated  from  the 
De  La  Salle  Institute,  in  Chicago.  He 
then  pursued  courses  of  study  in  Canisius 
College,  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  and  Northwest- 
ern University,  Evanston,  graduating 
from  the  Law  School  of  the  latter  in  1903. 

In  politics  Edward  J.  Murphy  is  an  ear- 
nest supporter  of  the  Republican  party. 
In  1904  he  was  elected  to  succeed  his 
father  as  Justice  of  the  Peace,  and  enjoys 
the  distinction  of  being  the  youngest  in- 
cumbent of  that  office  ever  elected  in 
Cook  County.  Socially,  he  is  identified 
with  the  Phi  Delta  Theta  Fraternity,  the 
Alpha  Chi  Law  Fraternity,  the  Modern 
Woodmen  of  America,  and  the  Knights 
of  Columbus.  He  is  regarded  as  one  of 
the  most  promising  young  men  in  the 
community,  and  seems  fully  assured  of  a 
bright  and  useful  future. 


GEORGE  HENRY  MOORE. 

George  Henry  Moore,  Manager  Insur- 
ance Company,  Chicago,  with  residence  in 
Evanston,  was  born  in  North  Hartland, 
Vermont,  January  20,  1848,  the  son  of 
Reuben  and  Ann  Maria  (Hunt)  Moore, 
the  former  born  in  Salem,  Mass.,  Novem- 
ber 18,  1808,  and  the  latter  in  Concord 
Mass.,  December  6,  1812.  The  father's 
occupation  was  that  of  a  railroad  con- 
tractor and  builder.  On  the  maternal  side 
Air.  Moore  is  the  eighth  in  descent  from 
Captain  Thomas  Brooks,  seventh  from 
Captain  Timothy  Wheeler  and  Captain 
John  Prescott,  and  sixth  from  Ensign 
Humphrey  Barrett,  Captain  James  Min- 
ott.  Captain  Jonathan  Prescott,  Hon. 
Peter  Bulkley,  Simon  Lynde  and  Francis 
Willoughby — all  of  whom  were  soldiers 
of  the  Colonial  and  Revolutionary  Wars, 
and  direct  descendants  of  the  famous 
Hunt  family,  whose  progenitors  settled  in 
New  England  in  1635. 

George  Henry  Moore  commenced  busi- 
ness for  himself  at  Plattsburgh,  New 
York,  as  clerk  in  a  general  merchandise 
store  in  1864,  in  which  he  remained  two 
years,  when  (in  1866)  he  engaged  in  the 
forwarding  and  shipping  business  and 
lumber  trade  at  Detroit,  Michigan. 
Twelve  years  later  (1878)  he  entered  into 
the  fire  insurance  business,  which  he  has 
followed  continuously  ever  since.  Hav- 
ing received  an  appointment  as  one  of  the 
managers  of  the  Liverpool,  London  & 
Globe  Insurance  Company  for  the  West, 
on  January  i,  1893,  he  moved  to  Evans- 
ton. Pie  still  retains  this  position  with 
office  in  the  Home  Insurance  Building  at 
205  La  Salle  Street,  Chicago.  He  was 
elected  President  for  1896-7  of  the  Fire 
Insurance  Association  of  the  Northwest, 
which  is  the  largest  insurance  organiza- 
tion in  the  world. 

December  16,  1870,  Mr.  Moore  was 
married   at   Detroit,   Mich.,  to   Emma   E. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


639 


Smith,  and  they  have  had  six  children: 
Carlton  Ward,  Ella  Florine,  George 
Albert,  Louise  Hurd  and  Irene  Hunt 
(twins),  and  William  Warren. 

In  his  political  sentiments  Mr.  Moore 
has  always  been  a  sturdy  Republican,  is 
an  attendant  upon  religious  services  at 
the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Evans- 
ton,  and  is  identified  with  the  following 
clubs  and  social  organizations:  Union 
League  Club,  Chicago ;  Sons  of  the  Rev- 
olution, Colonial  War  Society,  Evanston 
Club,  Evanston,  and  Glen  View  Golf 
Club. 


CHARLES  CLARENCE  POOLE. 

Charles  Clarence  Poole,  patent  lawyer, 
Evanston,  111.,  was  born  at  Benicia,  Cal., 
November  27,  1856,  the  son  of  Charles 
Henry  and  Mary  A.  (Daniels)  Poole,  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  at  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  and  fitted  for  practice  in 
civil  engineering  by  private  instruction. 
During  1874-75  he  served  as  Assistant 
Engineer  in  connection  with  surveys  car- 
ried on  by  the  Engineering  Department 
of  the  United  States  Army.  In  1882  he 
graduated  from  the  Law  Department  of 
the  Columbian  University,  Washington,, 
with  the  prize  for  an  essay  on  Trade- 
marks. During  the  same  year  he  came  to 
Chicago  and,  in  partnership  with  Taylor 
E.  Brown,  engaged  in  practice  as  a  law- 
yer, confining  his  attention  chiefly  to 
patents,  copyright  and  trade  mark  laws, 
which  he  still  continues,  with  offices 
in  the  Marquette  Building.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  the  bar  of  the  United  States 
Supreme  Court,  the  Chicago  Bar  Associa- 
tion, and  the  Patent  Law  Association. 
In  1884  Mr.  Poole  was  married  in  the 
city  of  Chicago  to  Miss  Anna  Poole, 
daughter  of  the  late  Dr.  William  Fred- 
erick   Poole,    at    that    time    Librarian    of 


the  Chicago  Public  Library,  but  later 
occupying  a  similar  position  in  connection 
with  the  Newberry  Library.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Poole  have  four  children:  Frances, 
Charles  H.,  Clarence  F.  and  Dorothy, 
their  residence  being  at  939  Forest  Ave- 
nue, Evanston.  Mr.  Poole's  fraternal  as- 
sociations are  with  the  Illinois  Athletic 
and  the  Chicago  Literary  Clubs. 


CHARLES  S.  RADDIN. 

Charles  S.  Raddin,  a  prominent  citizen 
of  Evanston,  111.,  where  he  has  resided  for 
twenty-five  years,  was  born  in  Lynn, 
Mass.,  January  29,  1864,  the  son  of 
Charles  E.  and  Harriet  Augusta  (Rhodes) 
Raddin,  natives  of  New  England.  Charles 
E.  Raddin,  who  carried  on  the  business  of 
shoe  manufacturing  in  Lynn,  Mass.. 
moved  with  his  family  from  that  city  to 
Chicago  in  1879,  and  thence  to  Evanston 
in  1881.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  ob- 
tained his  early  education  in  Chauncy 
Hall,  Boston,  Mass.,  and  when  the  family 
located  in  Evanston,  pursued  a  course  of 
study  in  Northwestern  University,  from 
which  he  received  the  degrees  of  B.  S. 
and  M.  S.  During  his  undergraduate 
period  he  identified  himself  with  the  Phi 
Kappa  Sigma  Fraternity.  Mr.  Raddin's 
business  interests  are  in  Chicago,  where 
he  acts  in  the  capacity  of  manager  of  the 
American   Bank   Equipment  Company. 

On  June  28,  1892,  Mr.  Raddin  was 
united  in  marriage,  at  Evanston,  111.,  with 
Belle  Elmira  Ailing,  a  native  of  that  city, 
and  the  daughter  of  a  well  known  Meth- 
odist clergyman.  This  union  resulted  in 
one  child,  Louise,  born  January  4,  1898. 
Politically  Mr.  Raddin  is  a  supporter  of 
the  Republican  party.  Religiously  he 
adheres  to  the  faith  of  the  Methodist 
Church.     In  fraternal  circles  he  is  affili- 


640 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


ated  with  the  National  Union.  He  is 
a  member  and  Vice-President  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Chicago  Acad- 
emy of  Sciences,  Secretary  of  the  Natural 
History  Survey  of  Chicago,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the 
Evanston  Historical  Society.  He  is  the 
author  of  publications  entitled,  "Flora  of 
Evanston  and  V'icinity,"  and  "Flora  of 
Chicago  and  Vicinity,"  issued  as  bulletins 
of  the  Chicago  Academy  of  Sciences. 
Aside  from  his  business  relations,  he  is  a 
man  of  studious  habits  and  wide  informa- 
tion, and  is  a  useful  and  highly  esteemed 
member  of  the  community. 


WALTER  LEE  BROWN. 

Walter  Lee  Brown  (deceased),  for- 
merly a  chemist  of  high  repute  and  for 
some  time  President  of  the  Northwestern 
Gas  Company,  of  Evanston,  111.,  was  born 
in  Melrose,  Mass.,  August  24,  1853.  He 
was  a  son  of  Edwin  Lee  and  Mary  (Bab- 
cock)  Brown.  His  father  was  a  man  of 
high  attainments  whose  reputation  ex- 
tended beyond  the  limits  of  his  State.  The 
family  came  to  Chicago  about  1861.  As 
a  boy,  Walter  Brown  attended  the  old 
Ogden  School  in  Chicago.  When  seven- 
teen years  of  age  he  returned  to  the  East 
and  entered  the  Pennsylvania  Military 
Academy,  at  Chester,  Pa.,  which  he  at- 
tended for  three  years.  He  completed  his 
academic  studies  at  Northwestern  Univer 
sity,  giving  special  attention  to  chemistry 
while  there.  From  that  institution  he  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science. 
After  CQmpletinghis  studies  in  Eyanston,  he 
entered  the  Columbia  College  School  of 
Mines,  from  which  he  was  also  graduated 
at  the  end  of  a  course  of  study  in  which 
he  devoted  much  time  to  metallurgy.  For 
two  or  three  years  thereafter  he   was  a 


lecturer  at  Columbia  College,  and  acted 
as  assistant  to  Dr.  Charles  F.  Chandler, 
then,  as  now,  at  the  head  of  the  scientific 
department  of  that  institution.  About 
1879,  J\lr.  Brown  returned  to  Chicago, 
where  he  purchased  the  pioneer  labora- 
tory, the  oldest  in  the  city — established  at 
an  early  date  by  the  late  Dr.  James  G. 
Blaney.  He  conducted  this  laboratory  five 
years, and  became  widely  known  as  achem- 
ist,  assayer  and  metallurgist.  In  1885  he  dis- 
posed of  the  laboratory  in  order  to  organ- 
ize a  "test  department"  for  the  Chicago. 
Burlington  &  Quincy  Railway  Company, 
which  then  set  on  foot  a  plan  to  test  all 
materials  used  in  its  railroad  construc- 
tion. et|uipment,  etc.  From  1885  to  1888, 
while  conducting  these  experiments,  he 
resided  at  Aurora,  111.  Business  interests 
then  compelled  him  to  remove  to  Evans- 
ton, where  he  succeeded  his  father  as 
President  of  the  Northwestern  Gas  Com- 
pany. 

Witli  the  duties  imposed  on  him  by  this 
relation  he  was  occupied  for  the  next  five 
years.  He  disposed  of  his  interest  in  this 
company  in  1893,  and  virtually  retired 
from  business,  devoting  his  attention  to 
his  books  and  the  arts  and  sciences  dur- 
ing the  remainder  of  his  life,  which  ended 
April  6,  1904.  He  bestowed  much  time 
on  the  collection  of  rare  books  and  lit- 
erary relics,  and  gathered  together  numer- 
ous first  editions  of  American  authors. 
Among  his  intimate  associates  in  this  occu- 
pation was  James  Fennimore  Cooper,  a 
grandson  of  the  famous  novelist.  In  the 
science  of  metallurgy  he  was  eminent,  and 
was  the  author  of  "A  Manual  of  Assay- 
ing," which  reached  its  eleventh  edition, 
and  has  been  adopted  as  a  text-book  by 
Harvard  University  and  other  higher  in- 
stitutions of  learning  in  America  and 
abroad.  He  traveled  extensively  through- 
out   the    mining    regions    of    the    United 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


641 


States  in  connection  with  his  work  as  met- 
allurgist and  mineralogist.  He  was  a 
charter  member  of  the  National  Society 
of  Chemists,  and  was  long  an  oflScial  of 
that  organization.  From  June,  1894,  to 
August,  1901,  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Directors  of  the  Evanston  Free 
Public  Library. 

Mr.  Brown  was  married  October  16, 
1884,  at  Boone,  Iowa,  to  Ida  B.  Cosgrove, 
a  daughter  of  Thomas  A.  Cosgrove,  of 
Evanston.  Mr.  Cosgrove  was  an  early 
resident  of  Evanston,  having  moved 
there  from  Champaign,  111.,  in  1868. 
He  was  one  of  the  prime  movers  in 
securing  the  location  of  the  Illinois 
State  University  at  Urbana.  The  chil- 
dren of  ^Ir.  and  Mrs.  Brown  are: 
Lathrop  Lee,  who  pursued  a  course  of 
study  at  the  Manner  School  in  Stamford. 
Conn. :  Lois  Virginia,  and  Delight.  Mrs. 
Brown  is  still  living  in  Evanston. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  a  man 
of  undeviating  rectitude  of  character.  In 
religious    views    he   was    broadly   liberal. 


EDWARD  H.  WEBSTER. 

Edward  H.  Webster,  a  prominent  citizen 
of  Evanston,  Cook  County,  111.,  was  born 
at  Wells  River,  Vt.,  November  17,  1851. 
He  is  a  son  of  Caleb  Williams  and  Persis 
T.  Webster.  The  father,  Caleb  William 
Webster,  was  a  merchant  by  occupation. 

The  subject  of  this  brief  personal  rec- 
ord received  his  early  mental  training  in 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  State, 
and  graduated  from  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity. Mr.  Webster  was  united  in  mar- 
riage with  Emily  Roneyn  Winne,  and 
one  child,  Helen  Christine,  is  the  result  of 
this  union. 


GEORGE  P.  K.  VOLZ. 

George  P.  K.  Volz,  of  Arlington 
Heights,  Cook  County,  111.,  Manager  of 
the  firm  of  Peter  &  Volz,  manufacturers 
of  sewing  machines,  opera  chairs,  and 
school  desks,  was  born  in  Arlington 
Heights,  April  7,  1878.  From  1884  until 
1891  he  attended  the  public  school  in  his 
native  place,  and  from  1891  until  1895  was 
a  -pupil  in  the  Jefferson  High  School  in 
Chicago.  In  the  last  mentioned  year  he 
matriculated  in  Northwestern  L^niversity, 
from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1899, 
with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  He  was  a 
teacher  in  the  Chicago  public  schools 
from  1899  until  1903,  when  he  assumed 
the  management  of  the  Peter  &  Volz 
manufactory. 

Mr.  Volz  is  a  member  of  the  Arlington 
.\thletic  and  Social  Club,  of  which  he 
was  secretary  1901-1906.  In  1902  he  was 
appointed  assistant  chief  of  the  Arlington 
Heights  Volunteer  Fire  Department,  and 
was  appointed  Chief  in  1905.  In  fraternal 
circles,  he  is  affiliated  with  the  M.  W.  A., 
and  was  clerk  of  the  Arlington  Camp  of 
that  order,  1900-1906.  He  is  also  identi- 
fied with  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  being  a 
member  of  Palatine  Lodge  No.  314,  and 
of  Lincoln  Park  Chapter,  R.  A.  AI.,  No. 
177. 

On  June  29,  1904.  at  Aurora,  111.,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  united  in  mar- 
riage with  Miss  Sallie  Anderson,  of  Chi- 
cago, and  they  have  one  daughter.  Donna 
Marie,  born  July  8  1905. 


EZRA   MARCH  BORING.  D.  D. 

The  Boring  family  name  was  first 
known  in  .America  in  Maryland. -The  pro- 
genitor of  the  American  branch  of  this 
family  was  a  sailor,    who  was  separated 


642 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


from  his  family  at  Liverpool,  England, 
when  a  lad.  Together  with  companions, 
he  was  enticed  upon  a  ship  which  sailed 
and  carried  them  to  sea.  Because  the 
boys  were  unable  to  pay  their  fare  they 
were  sold  into  servitude.  Young  Boring, 
on  account  of  his  vivacity,  became  a  fa- 
vorite of  the  captain  and  was  made  cabin 
boy.  From  this  position  he  rose  to  that 
of  mate  and  finally  to  be  captain  of  a 
privateer.  While  commanding  this  ves- 
sel, he  lost  a  limb  in  an  engagement  in 
the  Mediterranean  Sea,  and  after  this  in- 
cident determined  to  retire  from  the  sea 
service.  He  returned  to  England  and, 
unaljle  to  find  his  family,  sailed  for 
America  and  settled  in  Baltimore,  Mary- 
land. His  business  was  that  of  a  shoe- 
maker. He  was  one  of  the  early  converts 
to  Methodism,  and  the  Boring  family, 
which  spread  over  the  South  and  West, 
has  been  generally  prominently  identified 
with   that  denomination. 

Some  of  the  immediate  ancestors  of 
the  family  of  a  later  period  removed  from 
Maryland  to  Kentucky,  and  early  in  the 
last  century  to  Claremont,  Ohio,  where 
Ezra  Marsh  Boring  was  born  near  the  vil- 
lage of  Felicity,  June  12,  1813.  General  L'. 
S.  Grant  was  also  born  in  this  village  and 
was  a  boyhood  friend.  Temperance  Bor- 
ing, the  mother  of  Ezra  Marsh  Boring, 
was  a  strong  character,  an  ardent  Metho- 
dist, and  her  home  was  one  of  the  best 
known  of  the  fraternity  in  Southern 
Ohio. 

In  1832  Mr.  Boring  was  soundly  con- 
verted, and  this  change  of  heart  turned 
his  life  into  a  new  channel  and  he  became 
an  earnest  student.  Previous  to  this  time 
he  had  learned  the  saddler's  trade,  and 
this  fact,  together  with  the  assistance  of 
his  warm  friend,  William  I.  Fee,  made  it 
possible  for  him  to  attend  the  Methodist 


school  in  Augusta,  Kentucky.  He  gradu- 
ated from  this  college  in  1842,  and,  while 
the  college  curriculum  was  limited,  he 
became  reasonably  proficient  in  Latin, 
Greek  and  Hebrew,  which  languages  he 
continued  to  study  and  use  until  his  clos- 
ing years. 

At  the  close  of  his  school  life,  Mr.  Bor- 
ing married  Rebecca  Ann  Barnes,  and 
became  Principal  of  Franklin  Seminary  in 
Washington  County,  Kentucky.  This  was 
a  well  known  Southern  Seminary  of  the 
M.  E.  Church,  situated  in  the  heart  of  the 
slave  district.  Ezra  Marsh  Boring  re- 
ceived a  liberal  salary  for  his  services 
for  that  day,  and  enjoyed  great  popularity 
among  the  planters,  because  of  his  great 
ability  as  an  orator  and  his  genial  and 
happy  nature.  He  was  an  ardent  cham- 
pion of  the"Divine  Right  of  Slavery"until 
he  was  suddenly  converted  to  Abolition- 
ism, which  made  it  necessary  for  him  to 
cross  the  Ohio  River  and  separate  him- 
self from  his  friends.  From  that  day  he 
was  an  ardent  friend  of  the  black  man. 
and  his  home  was  one  of  the  stations  of 
the  "underground  railroad."  In  1843,  he 
joined  the  Southern  Ohio  M.  E.  Confer- 
ence and  was  stationed  at  Gallipolis.  This 
was  an  old  French  town  with  marked  in- 
fidel tendencies  among  its  citizens.  Here 
Mr.  Boring's  fearlessness,  joined  with  his 
tact,  made  him  many  warm  friends,  so 
that  the  meager  salary,  customary  in  that 
day.  was  generously  supplemented  by  fees 
and  presents.  He  afterwards  preached 
at  Marietta,  Newark  and  Lancaster,  Ohio, 
and  was  made  a  Presiding  Elder,  at  which 
time  he  resided  at  Athens,  the  seat  of 
the  Ohio  State  University.  He  was  then 
a  very  young  man  for  so  responsible  a 
position.  In  1857  he  was  transferred  to 
the  Rock  River  Conference  in  Illinois,  be- 
inp-    stationed    at    Galena,    where    he    re- 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


643 


mained  for  two  years  and  made  many 
warm  friends.  He  also  here  renewed  his 
acquaintance  with  U.  S.  Grant,  his  boy- 
hood friend,  which  friendship  continued 
through  Hfe.  After  a  brief  pastorate  in 
Waukegan,  he  removed  to  Chicago  and 
became  Presiding  Elder  of  the  Chicago 
District,  serving,  in  all,  two  terms  in 
this  position.  He  was  pastor  at  Grant 
Place  (now  Wesley),  Dixon  Street  and 
State  Street,  Chicago ;  also  at  Arlington 
Heights,  Park  Ridge,  Crystal  Lake, 
Woodstock  and  Wheaton,  Illinois. 

For  many  years  he  was  Secretary  of 
the  Home  for  the  Friendless  in  Chicago, 
giving  to  this  Institution  the  best  service 
of  his  life,  and,  as  the  result  of  his  labors, 
leaving  it  well  endowed  for  the  future. 
The  closing  years  of  this  long  life  in 
public  service  was  spent  as  Correspond- 
ing Secretary  of  The  Superannuates'  Re- 
lief Association  of  the  Rock  River  Con- 
ference, and  here  he  also  succeeded  to  a 
remarkable  extent.  The  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity  was  conferred  upon  him  by 
the  Theological  Institute  of  Greensburg, 
Ind.  Dr.  Boring  will  be  especially  re- 
membered by  many  as  the  founder  of  the 
Desplaines  Camp  Meeting,  established  in 
i860,  which  he  conducted  or  attended  for 
twenty-eight  consecutive  years. 

As  a  preacher,  Elder  Boring  (as  he  was 
often  called)  spoke  extemporaneously, 
and  often  with  great  power.  He  was  an 
earnest  but  wise  evangelist,  an  educator 
of  great  ability,  and  managed  business 
affairs  with  remarkable  sagacity.  He  was 
greatly  beloved  bj-  many  of  all  demoni- 
nations  for  his  broad  and  tolerant  spirit, 
and  no  man  in  Chicago  was  probably  bet- 
ter known  by  those  of  every  rank  of  life. 
He  passed  away  November  21.  1892,  hav- 
ing survived  his  wife  about  two  years. 


ERNEST  HAMMOND  EVERSZ. 

Ernest  H.  Eversz,  senior  member  of 
the  firm  of  Eversz  &  Company,  bankers, 
located  at  No.  220  La  Salle  Street,  Chi- 
cago, was  born  August  3,  1872.  His 
primary  education  was  obtained  in  the 
Milwaukee  public  school,  where  he  gradu- 
ated in  1888.  He  subsequently  pursued 
a  course  of  study  in  Evanston  Town- 
ship High  School,  Cook  County,  111., 
graduating  therefrom  in  1891.  In  that 
year  he  matriculated  in  Northwestern 
University,  from  which  institution  he  was 
graduated  in  1895  with  the  degree  of  A. 
B.  While  taking  the  university  course, 
he  was  identified  with  the  Beta  Theta  Pi 
and  Theta  Nu  Epsilon  fraternities,  and 
from  1891  to  1894,  was  a  member  of  the 
Northwestern  University  Glee  and  Banjo 
Clubs.  In  1895  he  took  the  Harris  Prize 
in  the  political  economy  contest. 

From  1895  until  1901,  Mr.  Eversz  was 
in  the  employ  of  N.  W.  Harris  &  Com- 
pany, bankers,  in  Chicago.  From  1901 
to  1904  he  was  manager  of  the  Chicago 
office  of  Redmond,  Kerr  &  Company, 
bankers,  and  since  1904  has  been  engaged 
in  his  present  connection.  Mr.  Eversz  is 
a  member  of  the  Union  League  and 
\\'ashington  Park  Clubs,  of  Chicago :  the 
Chicago  Yacht  Club,  and  the  Illinois  Ath- 
letic Club. 

On  November  5,  1902,  Mr.  Eversz  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Ruth  Swift,  a 
daughter  of  the  late  Gustavus  F.  Swift. 
One  child,  Barbara,  has  resulted  from  this 
union,  born  October  9,  1904.  Mr.  Eversz, 
resides  at  No.  3323  Michigan  Avenue, 
Chicago. 


WILBUR  J.   ANDREWS. 

Wilbur  J.  Andrews,  of  Berwyn,  Cook 
County,  111.,  engaged  in  the  real  estate 
business,    was     born    in    Rockford,     111., 


644 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


March  24,  1859.  In  boyhood  he  received  his 
rudimentary  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  place,  and  otherwise 
pursued  his  preparatory  studies  until  he 
entered  Northwestern  University,  from 
which  institution  he  received  the  degree 
of  A.  B.  in  1887,  and  that  of  A.  M.,  in 
1890.  While  in  the  university,  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Hinman  Literary  Society 
and  the  Phi  Kappa  Psi  fraternity.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  united  in  mar- 
riage with  Ada  C.  Redfield,  of  Evanston, 
111.,  in  1881  and  they  became  the  parents 
of  three  children,  namely:  Elliot  Red- 
field,  Jerome  Edson  and  Kathryn  Louise. 


CHARLES  EDWARD  PIPER. 

Charles  Edward  Piper,  lawyer  and  real 
estate  operator,  Berwyn,  111.,  was  born  in 
Chicago,  111.,  June  12,  1858,  the  son  of  Otis 
and  Margaret  Piper — the  former  born  at 
Sackett's  Harbor,  N.  Y.,  in  October,  1830, 
and  the  latter  at  Prescott,  Canada,  in  1837. 
Mr.  Piper's  father  was  a  merchant,  and  one 
branch  of  his  family  was  descended  from 
old  Massachusetts  stock  extending  back  to 
New  Salem,  I\Iass..  in  1632. 

Mr.  Piper  was  educated  in  the  Chicago 
public  schools,  the  High  School  and  North- 
western LTniversity,  and  after  completing  his 
literary  course,  served  as  Postmaster  at  the 
Union  Stock  Yards,  Chicago,  while  pur- 
suing the  study  of  law  in  the  Law  Depart- 
ment of  the  Northwestern  L'niversity. 
After  his  graduation  from  the  Law 
School  in  1887,  he  turned  his  attention  to 
the  real  estate  business  and  general  practice 
of  his  profession.  During  1894-95  he  served 
as  President  of  the  Town  Board  of  Cicero 
Township,  and  has  also  been  a  member  of 
the   School   Board.      Some   vears   since  he 


started  the  movement  for  the  establishment 
of  Sanatoria  in  different  States  tor  the  bene- 
fit of  tubercidous  members  of  various  fra- 
ternal organizations  participating  in  the 
same,  the  first  institution  being  located  at 
Black  Mountain,  N.  C. 

In  political  views,  Mr.  Piper  was  born 
and  bred  a  Republican,  and  in  religious  be- 
lief is  identified  with  the  Methodist  Episco- 
pal Church.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers 
of  the  Epworth  League,  serving  as  the  first 
President  for  the  Chicago  District,  and  later 
as  President  of  the  State  organization,  and 
for  eight  years  as  Treasurer  of  the  National 
organization.  He  has  also  been  Supreme 
Secretary  and  General  Manager  of  the 
Royal  League,  a  member  of  the  Phi  Kappa 
Psi  and  Phi  Delta  Phi  Fraternities,  of  the 
Royal  Arcanum,  Knights  of  Pythias,  va- 
rious Masonic  bodies.  Ancient  Order  of 
United  Workman,  Independent  Order  of 
Odd  Fellows,  Independent  Order  of  For- 
esters, North  American  Union,  and  various 
other  secret  and  benevolent  orders. 

At  Indianola,  Iowa,  on  August  15,  1882, 
Mr.  Piper  was  married  to  Carrie  Gregory, 
who  was  a  native  of  Nauvoo,  111.,  and  whose 
great-grandfather  was  associated  with  Rob- 
ert Morris  in  the  manufacture  of  gunpow- 
der for  use  of  the  American  soldiers  during 
the  Revolutionary  War  period.  ]Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Piper's  children  are:  Carolyn  E.,  born 
January  17,  1884,  and  now  a  member  of  the 
Senior  Class  in  Northwestern  University ; 
Lulu  Lane,  born  May  29,  1887,  a  sophomore 
in  Macalester  College,  St.  Paul,  Minn ;  Rob- 
ert G.,  born  December  7,  i88g,  a  graduate 
of  Clyde  High  School,  now  entered  Fresh- 
man in  Northwestern ;  Margaret,  born  Feb- 
ruary 27,  1892,  died  September  16,  1894; 
and  Charles  E.,  Jr..  born  March  6,  1898. 
Mr.  Piper's  office  as  Supreme  Scribe  of  the 
Royal  League  is  located  in  Room  1601,  Ma- 
sonic Temple  Building,  Chicago. 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


645 


CHARLES  LYFORD  LOGAN. 

Charles  Lyford  Logan,  clergyman,  who 
is  a  minister  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  at  Elizabeth,  111.,  was  born  in  .At- 
kinson, Maine,  June  10,  1850.  When  he 
was  four  years  old  his  parents  removed 
to  Illinois  and  two  years  later  to  Minne- 
sota. Here  he  received  his  primary  edu- 
cation in  the  public  schools  and,  after 
preparing  for  college  at  home,  in  the  fall 
of  1873  entered  the  Freshman  Class  of 
Northwestern  University,  graduating 
therefrom  in  1877.  In  that  year  he  became 
Principal  of  Public  Schools  in  Caledonia, 
Houston  County,  Minn.,  for  one  term.  He 
joined  the  Wisconsin  M.  E.  Conference 
in  1878.  and  in  1880,  entered  Garrett 
Biblical  Institute,  at  Evanston,  111.,  from 
which  he  was  graduated  in  1882.  He  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  A.  B.  in  1877;  that  of 
A.  M.,  in  1880;  and  that  of  B.  D..  in 
1882.  During  his  college  course,  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Adelphic  Literary  So- 
ciety and  of  the  Owl  Club.  In  the  Junior 
year,  he  was  one  of  those  who  took  part 
in  the  "Junior  Ex.,"  and  was  a  contestant 
in  debate  between  the  Adelphic  and  a  Chi- 
cago literary  society.  He  was  editor  of 
the  "Tripod,"  representing  the  .Adelphic 
Literary  Society,  and  was  one  of  the  ora- 
tors in  the  commencement  exercises,  at 
the  time  of  his  graduation.  In  1883  he 
transferred  to  the  Rock  River  Conference. 
From  1886  to  1889,  and  from  1892  to  1895, 
a  period  of  seven  years,  inclusive,  he  was 
principal  of  Inyo  Academy,  at  Bishop,  Inyo 
County,  Cal. 

On  May  8.  1884,  Mr.  Logan  was  united 
in  marriage  with  Grace  Boehm  W^ood,  and 
they  have  become  the  parents  of  the  fol- 
lowing children,  namely:  Mary  Lois,  born 
in  1885 ;  Grace  Sarah,  born  in  1887 :  Laura 
Louise,  born  in  1889;  Helen  Irene,  born 
in  1891  ;    Edith  Evangeline,  born  in  1893; 


Frances  Willard,  born  in  1896;  Charles 
Lyford,  Jr.,  born  in  1898;  and  Ruth,  born 
in  1904. 

In  fraternal  circles,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  is  identified  with  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
and  the  A.  O.  U.  A.  M. 


JEROME  J.  CERMAK. 

Jerome  J.  Cermak,  attorney-at-law,  Chi- 
cago, was  born  in  the  city  where  he  now  re- 
sides, September  30,  1880.  In  boyhood  he 
made  diligent  use  of  the  opportunities  af- 
forded by  the  Chicago  public  schools, 
graduating  from  the  Joseph  Medill  High 
School  in  June,  1898.  In  September,  1899, 
he  matriculated  in  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity Law  School,  from  which  he  was 
graduated  in  June,  1902,  with  the  degree 
of  LL.  B.  From  1902  to  1906  he  has  been 
Secretary  of  the  Law  Alumni  Association 
of  that  institution.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  LIniversity  Baseball  Club  in  the  spring 
of  1901,  and  of  the  Law  School  baseball 
team  in  1901  and  1902.  He  belongs  to 
the  Plii  Alpha  Delta  Law  fraternity,  and 
socialh'.  is  identified  with  the  Royal 
League  and  the  "Ceska  Beseda."  He  is 
also  a  member  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A. 


GEORGE  THOMAS  FOX,  D.  D.  S. 

Dr.  George  Thomas  Fox,  who  is  en- 
gaged in  the  practice  of  dentistry  at  No. 
5101  South  Halsted  Street,  Chicago,  111., 
was  born  in  Chicago  February  19,  1881, 
and  received  his  rudimentary  education  in 
the  Chicago  public  schools.  He  after- 
wards pursued  a  course  of  study  in 
Wheaton  College  at  Wheaton,  111.,  and, 
in  the  fall  of  1900,  entered  Northwestern 
University  Dental  College,  from  which  he 
was  graduated  in  1903,  with  the  degree  of 


646 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


D.  D.  S.  In  November,  1903,  he  com- 
menced the  practice  of  dentistry  at  the 
location  above  mentioned,  where  he  has 
since  continued  with  good  results. 


FHILIP   E.   ELTINO. 

Philip  E.  Elting,  attorney-at-law,  Ma- 
comb, McDonough  County,  111.,  was  born 
in  the  vicinity  of  that  city  and  spent  his 
boyhood  and  early  youth  in  his  native 
place,  where  he  enjoyed  the  advantages  of 
the  public  schools.  After  completing  his 
primary  education,  he  pursued  a  course  of 
study  in  the  Law  Department  of  North- 
western University  at  Evanston,  111.,  from 
which  he  was  graduated  with  the  Class  of 
1892,  receiving  the  degree  of  LL.  B.  He 
was  immediately  admitted  to  the  bar 
(June  14,  1892),  and  at  once  entered  upon 
the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Macomb, 
in  which  he  has  since  continued  with  suc- 
cessful results.  Although  he  has  not 
sought  political  preferment,  he  has  been 
endorsed  by  his  county  as  a  candidate  for 
Circuit  Judge  in  the  Ninth  Judicial  Circuit 
of  Illinois. 

In  fraternal  circles,  Mr.  Elting  is  identi- 
fied with  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  in  which  he  is 
a  Knight  Templar;  and  is  also  afifiliateid 
with  Military  Tract  Lodge,  No.  145,  Inde- 
pendent Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  and  with 
the  Knights  of  Pythias. 


SIDNEY  G.   McCALLIN,  D.   D.   S. 

Sidney  Gilmore  McCallin,  who  is  en- 
gaged in  the  practice  of  dentistry  at  No. 
830  West  Sixty-Third  Street,  Chicago, 
111.,  was  born  in  Rochester,  Minn.,  Sep- 
tember 7,  1878.  In  boyhood  he  made  dili- 
gent use  of  the  opportunities  afforded  by 
the  public  schools,  and  afterwards  entered 
the  Waukesha  (Wis.)  High  School,  from 


which  he  was  graduated  in  1896.  On  Oc- 
tober, 5,  1898,  he  matriculated  in  North- 
western University  Dental  School,  gradu- 
ating therefrom  in  May,  1900,  with  the 
degree  of  D.  D.  S.  During  his  dental 
course  he  was  a  member  of  the  Psi  Omega 
Fraternity,  and  was  on  the  Dental  School 
football  team  in  1898-1899. 

Dr.  McCallin  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  No.  1124  West  Sixty- 
third  Street,  Chicago,  on  July  7,  1901,  and 
on  June  7,  1904,  moved  to  his  present  lo- 
cation. In  1904,  he  became  a  member  of 
the  Englewood  Dental  Society,  of  which 
he  was  elected  President  in  1905.  He  is 
also  a  member  of  the  Englewood  Men's 
Clulj  and  of  the  Jackson  Park  Yacht  Cluli. 


LOUIS  GRANT  HOTCH. 

Louis  Grant  Hotch,  dentist,  who  is  lo- 
cated at  No.  334  East  Division  Street, 
Chicago,  111.,  was  born  in  Carthage,  111., 
March  15  1868.  In  early  youth  he  at- 
tended the  puljlic  schools  of  his  native 
place,  and  afterwards  graduated  from  the 
High  School,  subsequently  taking  a  course 
in  a  Kansas  City  (Mo.)  business  college. 
In  1901,  he  graduated  form  Northwestern 
L'uiversity  Dental  School.  Dr.  Hotch 
worked  his  way  through  schopl  by  indus- 
trious application  to  other  pursuits,  during 
his  vacations  and  other  periods  of  leisure. 
On  June  30,  1900,  he  was  united  in  marriage 
with  Miss  Tillie  Nelson,  and  one  child 
Marion  Sophia,  has  been  the  result  of  this 
union.- 


SAMUEL   CRAIG   PLUMMER. 

Samuel  Craig  Plummer,  surgeon,  who 
is  located  at  No.  156  East  Forty-second 
Place,  Chicago,  111.,  was  born  in  Rock 
Island,  111.,  April  22, 1865.  In  early  youth 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


647 


he   utilized  the  advantages  of  the  pubhc 
schools  and,   after   finishing   his   primary 
studies,  pursued   a   course   in   Augustana 
College,   at   Rock    Island,    from    which   he 
was    graduated    in    June,    1883,    with    the 
degree  of  A.  B.    In  the  same  year  he  ma- 
triculated in  the  Chicago  Medical  College, 
of   Northwestern    University,   graduating 
therefrom   i\Iarch  2;},,   1886,  with  the  de- 
gree of  M.  D.    He  is  a  member  of  the  Phi 
Rho    Sigma   fraternity.      In    1886-87,   Dr. 
Plummer  occupied  the  position  of  interne 
in  the  Cook  County  Hospital,  Chicago.  In 
1891  he  was  appointed  Assistant  Demon- 
strator of  Anatomy  in  the  Northwestern 
University   ]\Iedical   School ;   in    1892  be- 
came Lecturer  on  Anatomy ;  in  1893,  Pro- 
fessor of  Anatomy,  and  in  1894,  Demon- 
strator of  Operative  Surgery.    Since  1899 
he  has  been  Professor  of  Operative  Sur- 
gery  in   that   institution,   and   from    1900 
until  the  present  time,  has  served  in  the 
capacity  of  Surgeon  to  Wesley  Hospital. 
Chicago,  and  since  1902  has  held  the  po- 
sition of  Chief  Surgeon  of  the   Chicago, 
Rock   Island   &   Pacific   Railway   system. 
He  has  also  been  secretary  of  the  North- 
western L'ni\ersity  Medical  School  since 
1904. 

Dr.  Plummer  is  a  member  of  the  Ameri- 
can Medical  Association ;  the  American 
Association  of  Railway  Surgeons;  the 
Illinois  State  Medical  Society,  the  Chi- 
cago Medical  Society,  of  which  he  was 
Secretary  in  1900-1901  :  the  Chicago  Sur- 
gical Society;  and  the  Chicago  Pathologi- 
cal Society.  Socially  Dr.  Plummer  is  a 
member  of  the  Kenwood  and  Washing- 
ton Park  Clubs  of  Chicago,  and  fraternally 
of  the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion. 
He  was  united  in  marriage  with  Mary 
Louise  Middleton.  on  March  18,  1902,  and 
one  child,  Susan  Middleton  Plummer,  has 
been  born  of  this  union. 


ALBERT  D.  PERSONS,  D.  D.  S.,  M.D.S. 

Dr.  Albert  Dodge  Persons,  dentist,  of 
Des  Plaines,  Cook  County,  111.,  was  born 
in  Chicago,  111.,  July  20,  1879.  His  early 
mental  training  was  obtained  in  the  Chi- 
cago public  schools  and,  in  October,  1897, 
he  entered  the  Northwestern  College  of 
Dental  Surgery  and  matriculated  in 
Northwestern  University  Dental  School 
in  October,  1898,  graduating  therefrom 
April  30,  1900,  with  the  degree  of  D.  D. 
S.  He  has  also  received  the  degree  of 
M.  D.  S.  Dr.  Persons  was  a  member  of 
Northwestern  University  Dental  School 
football  team  in  1898-1899. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  Professor 
of  Oral  Surgery  in  the  American  Post- 
Graduate  School ;  Professor  of  Oral  Sur- 
gery in  the  National  Medical  L'niversity ; 
was  formerly  Professor  of  Orthodon- 
tia in  the  Illinois  Medical  School  Dental 
Department,  and  is  now  Assistant  Professor 
of  Orthodontia  in  the  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity Dental  School. 

Dr.  Persons  was  united  in  marriage 
with  Grace  Bennett,  of  Des  Plaines,  111., 
on  August  16,  1904. 


WALTER  B.  HELM,  M.  D. 

\Valter  B.  Helm,  physician  and  sur- 
geon, of  Rockford,  111.,  was  born  at  But- 
lerville,  Iowa,  October  12,  1859,  and  his 
primary  education  was  received  in  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  place.  Sub- 
sequently he  became  a  pupil  in  the  Beaver 
Dam  (Wis.)  High  School,  finishing  his 
studies  there  in  1876.  He  then  matricu- 
lated in  Northwestern  University,  and. 
after  completing  the  literary  course,  in 
1881  entered  the  Medical  Department  of 
that  institution,  from  which  he  was  gradu- 
ated with  the  degree  of  M.   D.,  in   1884. 


648 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


He  had  previously  received  the  degree  of 
B.  S.  In  1884-85,  he  attended  the  clinics 
of  Cook  County  Hospital,  Chicago,  and 
in  1895,  took  a  course  in  the  New  York 
Post  Graduate  School  of  Medicine.  Dur- 
ing his  undergraduate  period,  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Hinman  Literary  Society, 
and  from  1879  to  1883,  was  connected  with 
the  United  States  Life-Saving  Service. 

Dr.  Helm  acted  as  Attending  Physician 
and  Surgeon  in  connection  with  the  Rock- 
ford  City  Hospital  from  1886  to  1904,  and. 
since  the  last  named  year,  has  occupied 
the  position  of  Consulting  Surgeon  in  that 
institution.  He  was  local  surgeon  of  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad  Company  at  Ra- 
cine, Wis.,  in  1897.  Dr.  Helm  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  American  Medical  .Association: 
the  Illinois  State  Medical  Society ;  the 
Central  Wisconsin  Medical  Society ;  and 
the  Winnebago  (111.)  Medical  Society. 
Socially  he  is  connected  with  the  Rock- 
ford  Country  Club,  and,  in  fraternal  cir- 
cles,  is   identified   with   the   B.   P.   C).    E. 

Dr.  Helm  was  married  on  October  26, 
1887,  to  Mary  C.  Gibson,  and  two  children 
are  the  offspring  of  this  union,  namely : 
Allan  G.,  born  November  8,  1888,  and 
Elizabeth,  born  January  27,  1902. 


can  Medical  Association;  the  Illinois 
State  Medical  Society ;  the  DeKalb 
County  (111.)  Medical  Society;  and  the 
Mississippi  Valley  Medical  Society.  He 
was  united  in  marriage  with  Cora  Whitte- 
more,  of  Sycamore,  111.,  on  August  16, 
1894. 


PAUL  SYNNESTVEDT. 

Paul  Synnestvedt,  who  is  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  law,  in  Pittsburgh,  Pa., 
where  his  office  is  located  at  No.  518  Frick 
Building,  was  born  in  Chicago,  111.,  April 
14,  1870.  In  his  youth  he  enjoyed  the  ad- 
vantages afforded  by  the  public  schools  of 
Chicago,  and,  after  finishing  his  literary 
studies,  entered  the  Law  School  of  North- 
western University  at  Chicago,  from  which 
he  was  graduated  in  1897,  with  the 
degree  of  LL.  B.  The  marriage  of  Mr. 
Synnestvedt  took  place  in  1893,  when 
he  was  wedded  to  Anna  E.  Lechner  of 
Pittsburgh.  Pa.,  their  union  resulting  in 
eight  children,  namely :  Arthur,  Hubert, 
Elsa,  George,  Evan,  Raymond,  Kenneth 
and  Virginia. 


GEORGE  W.   NESBITT. 

George  W.  Nesbitt,  physician  and 
surgeon,  of  Sycamore,  111.,  was  born  in 
that  town  March  13,  1869.  His  early  edu- 
cation was  obtained  in  the  public  schools 
of  his  native  place,  and  from  1887  to  1889. 
he  was  a  student  in  the  Illinois  State  Uni- 
versity at  Urbana.  In  the  fall  of  the  lat- 
ter year  he  matriculated  in  the  Chicago 
Medical  College  of  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity, from  which  he  was  graduated 
April  22.  1892,  with  the  degree  of  M.  D. 

Dr.  Nesbitt  is  a  member  of  the  Ameri- 


WILLIAM  LEON  STEVENS,  D.  D.  S. 

Dr.  William  Leon  Stevens,  who  is  en- 
gaged in  the  practice  of  dentistry  at  No. 
1012  West  Lake  Street,  Chicago,  111.,  and 
resides  at  Clyde,  Cook  County,  111.,  was 
born  at  Eaton  Rapids,  Mich.,  December 
II,  1867.  In  early  youth  he  utilized  the 
opportunities  afforded  by  the  public 
schools,  and  on  September  25,  1887,  ma- 
triculated in  the  .\merican  College  of 
Dental  Surgery,  from  which  he  was  grad- 
uated with  the  degree  of  D.  D.  S.,  March 
25.  1889.  In  fraternal  circles.  Dr.  Ste- 
vens is  identified  with  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M., 


HISTORY  OF  EVANSTON 


649 


having  joined  Lodge  No.  610,  August  14, 

1893. 

On  June  17,  1897,  Dr.  Stevens  was  uni- 
ted in  marriage  with  Anna  Maude  Stevens, 
and  they  have  become  the  parents  of  two 
children,  namely:  Morton  Leon,  born  Oc- 
tober 27,  1898,  and  Ethel  Grace,  born  May 
17,  1891. 


OLE  HANSEN  TUTTLE. 

Ole  Hansen  Tuttle,  dentist,  Chicago,  111., 
was  born  at  Eaton,  Ohio,  April  17,  1867. 
In  early  youth  he  utilized  the  opportuni- 
ties afforded  by  the  public  schools  of  his 
native  town  and  graduated  there  in  1886. 
In  1891  he  entered  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity Dental  College,  and  was  graduated 
therefrom  in  1894,  with  the  degree  of  D. 
D.  S.  He  was  class  treasurer  in  that  in- 
stitution during  the  last  mentioned  year, 
and  special  clinic  in  operative  dentistry 
there  in  1895-96.  From  1893  to  1900,  he 
served  as  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the 
Miami  Club.  Fraternally  he  is  identified 
with  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  being  a  thirty- 
s'econd  degree  Mason,  and  a  member  of 
the  Mystic  Shrine. 

On  November  24,  1902,  Dr.  Tuttle  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Grace  M.  Goss, 
a  daughter  of  the  inventor  of  the  Goss 
Printing  Press.  One  child,  Genevieve 
Harriet,  has  been  the  offspring  of  their 
imion.  Dr.  Tuttle  is  located  at  No.  1046 
Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago. 


BENJAMIN    WALDBERG. 

Benjamin  Waldberg,  who  is  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  dentistry  at  No.  66  North 
State  Street,  Chicago,  111.,  was  born  in 
Lemberg,  Austria,  December  25.  1851.  In 
boyhood  he  received  his  primary  mental 
training  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 


country,  and  graduated  from  the  Classic 
Gymnasium  in  the  city  of  his  birth.  He 
matriculated  in  Northwestern  University 
Dental  School  for  the  term  of  1897-8,  and 
was  graduated  in  1901,  with  the  degree  of 
D.  D.  S.  Dr.  Waldberg  was  appointed 
Demonstrator  in  Prosthetic  Technics,  Oc- 
tober I,  1899,  and  in  May,  1901,  received 
the  appointment  of  Demonstrator  and 
Superintendent  of  Prosthetic  Laborator- 
ies, a  position  which  he  still  holds.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Odontographic  So- 
ciety ;  the  Psi  Omega  Dental  Fraternity, 
and  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M. 

Dr.  Waldberg  was  married  in  1869,  but 
has  been  a  widower  since  1886.  He  has 
two  sons,  Bernard  and  Joseph. 


AMOS  R.  SOLENBERGER,  M.  D. 

Amos  Rufus  Solenberger,  physician, 
and  a  resident  of  Colorado  Springs,  Colo., 
was  born  in  1853,  at  Canton,  Ohio.  After 
finishing  his  primary  studies  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  State,  his  parents 
removed  to  Illinois,  where  he  pursued 
preparatory  courses  in  Rock  River  Sem- 
inary and  Northwestern  University 
Academy,  and  in  1879  matriculated  in  the 
College  of  Liberal  Arts  of  Northwestern 
University,  Evanston,  graduating  there- 
from in  1883,  with  the  degree  of  Ph.  B. 
In  1883  he  entered  the  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity Medical  School,  from  which  he 
was  graduated  in  1885,  with  the  degree  of 
M.  D.  During  his  undergraduate  course, 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Euphronean  and 
Adelphic  societies,  and  of  the  Phi  Kappa 
Psi  Fraternity,  and  was  contestant  for  the 
Adelphic  and  Hinman  prizes  in  oratory. 
He  acted  in  the  capacity  of  Field  Marshal 
on   Field  Day  in   1883. 

Dr.  Solenberger  took  special  courses  in 
Medicine,    Laryngology,    Rhinology    and 


6.SO 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


Otology,  in  Berlin,  Paris  and  London,  and 
is  the  author  of  "Lectures  on  Hygiene  of 
the  Vocal  Organs,"  and  on  the  "Principles 
and  Practice  of  Diseases  of  the  Upper 
Respiratory  Tract."  From  1896  to  1899 
he  was  Instructor  in  Laryngology  and 
Rhinology  in  the  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity Medical  School.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  American  Medical  Association ;  the 
Chicago  Academy  of  Medicine;  the  Am- 
erican Laryngological,  Otological  and 
Rhinological  Societies,  and  of  the  Colorado 
State  Medical  Association. 

He  was  united  in  marriage  with  Pris- 
cilla  H.  Staufifer,  at  Denver,  Colo.,  on 
April  8,  1885. 


JOHN  RAYMOND  HOFFMAN,  M.  D. 
Dr.  John  Raymond  Hoffman,  who  is 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine  at  No. 
206  East  Washington  Street,  Chicago, 
111.,  and  resides  in  Ottawa,  111.,  was  born 
in  the  latter  city,  June  18,  1865.  In  boy- 
hood he  attended  public  school  in  Ottawa, 
and  graduated  from  the  High  School 
there  in  1885.  He  matriculated  in  Chi- 
cago Medical  College  of  Northwestern 
University  in  1888,  and  was  graduated 
therefrom  in  1891  with  the  degree  of  M. 


D.  Dr.  Hoffman  entered  upon  the  gen- 
eral practice  of  his  profession  in  Ottawa, 
during  the  year  of  his  graduation  from 
the  University,  and  continued  therein  un- 
til 1895,  when  he  devoted  his  attention 
mainly  to  affections  of  the  eye,  ear,  nose 
and  throat.  In  1897,  he  began  this  special 
line  of  practice  in  Chicago,  on  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  Eye,  Ear,  Nose  and 
Throat  College,  of  which  he  is  secretary. 
In  this  institution,  Dr.  Hoffman  has  also 
filled  the  chair  of  Professor  of  Ophthal- 
mology since  the  year  of  its  establish- 
ment. From  1896  to  1898,  Dr.  Hoffman 
was  Assistant  Surgeon  of  the  Illinois 
National  Guard,  and  from  1897  to  1903 
was  Assistant  Surgeon  of  the  Illinois 
Charitable  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  Chicago  Medical  Society, 
the  Chicago  Ophthalmological  and  Otolo- 
gical Society,  and  the  American  Academy 
of  Ophthalmology,  Otology  and  Rhinol- 
ogy- 

On  June  2,  1891,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  united  in  marriage  with  Mary 
T.  Hapeman,  of  Ottawa,  111.,  and  their 
union  has  resulted  in  three  children 
namely :  Douglas  T.,  Phoebe  Ella,  and 
Frances. 


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HECKMAN       IX 

BINDERY  INC.        |§ 

DEC    89 


Wi^j/7        N.  MANCHESTER, 
^-     ^  INDIANA  46962 


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