HISTORY
OF
NOVA SCOTIA
Biographical Sketches of Representative Citizens
and Genealogical Records of
the Old Families
VOLUME III
ILLUSTRATED
^
3-
1916
A. W. BOWEN & CO.
Halifax, Nova Scotia
PREFACE
There is a proverb that "truth is stranger than fiction ;" and truth
of the nature embraced in this volume has not only the attraction of
strangeness and novelty, but the main reason for its existence in this
form and promulgation, lies in the evidence of great pains having
been taken to go back of ordinary modern expression of judgment
and opinions, deducted from alleged circumstances, to original sources
of information, in the way of names, dates, or circumstances; but
to show on the face of the material, that facts have been substantiated
to the best degree of accuracy, and nothing accepted on probabilities
or suppositions.
Dr. David Allison, author of the first two volumes of this work,
had no part in the preparation of this volume, the biographical
sketches having been written by Clyde Edwin Tuck, from data fur-
nished by the various families represented herein. Every sketch in
this work was submitted to the party interested, for correction, and
therefore any error of fact, if there be any, is due to the person for
whom the sketch was prepared. The publishers desire to extend their
thanks to the citizens of Nova Scotia for the uniform kindness with
which they have regarded this undertaking, and for their many
services rendered in obtaining the necessary information.
Respectfully,
THE PUBLISHERS.
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX
Akins, Charles E 495
Akins, George S 494
Akins, Thomas 494
Akins, Thomas B 495
Allison, James W 443
Allison, Joseph 468
Anderson, the Family 521
Anderson, William - 521
Andrew, Rev. George A 688
Andrew, George J 678
Andrew, Thomas 678
Archibald, George P 123
Archibald, Matthew 123
Archibald, P. G 545
Archibald, Samuel G. W - 124
Armitage, Rev. William J 34
Armstrong, Christopher 649
Armstrong, Edward E._, 649
Armstrong, Ernest H 63
Armstrong, John N 407
, Arsenault, Capt. John
Austen, H. E ^ - 111
Austen, Joseph -
Austen, Joseph H 109
Austen, Sophia A 109
B
Bain, James
Bain, Thomas M
Baird, Samuel 687
Baird, Whylie W - 687
Barnhill, Brunswick B 92
Barnhill, Dr. Harold B.._. 92
Bartholomew, Christopher 110
Bayne, Thomas 447
Bell, Basil
Bell, Dr. John
Bentley, Dr. Robie D
Benvie, Andrew 177
Benvie, James 177
Benvie, Dr. Robert M 177
Bissett, George E 632
Blackadar, Charles C 530
Blackadar, Henry D 529
Blackadar, Hugh W 529
Black, Josiah 615
Black, Dr. Judson B 114
Black, Rev. William 152
Black, William W 614
Blair, William S 674
Blaikie, John M 558
Blanchard, Charles P 386
Blanchard, Jonathan 386
Blenkhorn, Isaac S 254
Borden, Rev. Byron C 471
Borden, Sir Frederick W 168
Borden, Sir Robert L 150
Bowes, Edward T 531
Bowes, F. W 531
Bowers, Walter D 72
Bowers, Rev. William 73
Bradshaw, A. 347
Bradshaw, C. Patrick 347
Bremner, James J 527
Brent, Charles H 102
Brent, Henry 102
Brent, Dr. Willoughby 102
Brookfield, Samuel M 69
Brown, Dr. George W 503
Brown, Thomas J 458
Brown, William L 160
Bruce, George 256
Bruce, Henry H 256
Bruce, Dr. James A. G 256
Burchell, Charles J 441
Burchell, James T 294
Burchell, J. E
Burke, Rev. Edmund 158
Burns, Dr. W. F.
Burnside, James 569
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
Calder, Dr. Allister 244
Calkin, Benamin H 212
Calkin, Thomas P 212
Cameron, Alexander 231
Cameron, Dan 309
Cameron, Hugh 309
Cameron, William 231
Campbell, Alexander 425
Campbell, Charles A 425
Campbell, Dr. D. A 119
Campbell, Rev. John__
Campbell, the Family 537
Campbell, William 537
Carr, Adam 174
Carroll, William F 313
Carter, Rufus S 414
Carter, William D - 414
Cavanagh, James H 170
Cavanagh, John L 170
Cavanagh, Harry 170
Chalmers, James 595
Chalmers, Thomas
Chambers, Robert 603
Chambers, S. G 603
Charman, Dr. Frank D 357
Chesley, Charles S 653
Chesley, S. A 58
Chipman, John P 474
Chipman, Lewis 588
Chipman, Rev. William A 475
Chisholm, Alex. 641
Chisholm, Christopher P 510
Chisholm, William - 500
Chisholm, William C 329
Christie, John H 418
Church, Constant 53
Church, Elisha C 50
Church, Edward B 52
Church, Richard 53
Churchill, Ezra 47
Chute, Samuel B 627
Clarke, R. D 445
Coady, Moses 437
Coady, Martin 437
Cochran, Charles 101
""Cochran, Dr. Wilfrid N 101
Cock, Dr. James L 381
Corning, Howard W 147
Corning, Samuel 147
Corning, William 147
Cossmann, Rev. Charles E 72
Costley, John 277
Cox, George A 121
Cox, George A 574
Cox, James 574
Creelman, James 539
Creelman, Robert E 539
Crowe, Charles E. 400
Crowe, James 400
Crowe, Major Walter 285
Crowell, Frederick A 676
Crowell, Jonathan 676
Culton, Dr. Albert 670
Culton, Anthony 670
Gumming, Melville 378
Cunningham, Edward M 697
Cunningham, J. W 233
Cunningham, Richard 697
Currie, Rev. William L 373
Curry, D. M
Curry, James J 286
Cutten, Rev. George B 208
D
Daly, Sir Dominick 412
Daly, Sir Malachy B 412
Daly, Rev. Monsignor 105
Daniels, James 666
Daniels, John 665
Daniels, John, Jr 667
Daniels, the Family 665
Davies, Dr. James W 241
Davies, Edward 241
Davis, J. Alder 402
Davison, Archibald F 146
Davison, Charles 80
Davison, Charles H 145
Davison, Edward 147
Davison, Francis D 146
Davison, the Family 144
DeBlois, Rev. Henry D 478
DesBrisay, Dr. T. D 607
DeWitt, Dr. Connell E. A 183
DeWitt, Dr. George E 215
DeWolf, Elisha 700
DeWolf, James E 699
DeWolf, Joseph A _ 361
DeWclf, J. E 699
DeWolf, Rev. Henry T 700
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
DeWolf, Nathan 699
Dickie, Rufus E 481
Dickie, Alfred 481
Dickson, Hugh A 548
Dimock, Wilbert D 362
Donahoc, Rev. Alphonsus R 429
Donahoe, Edward 429
Donkin, W. Frederick 346
Douglas, George T 343
Douglas, John C 306
.Doull, James F 669
Doull, John 669
Drummond, Robert 271
Drysdale, Arthur 530
Duchemin, Henry P 289
Duff, William 644
Dumaresq, James C. P 452
Dumaresq, Sydney P 457
Dunbar, Dr. William R 376
Eagan, Dr. William J .- 298
Elliott, Leonard 217
Elliott. Dr. Malcolm R 217
Ellis, Dr. James F 696
Emmerson, Henry R 352
Etter, Amos B 345
Fairn, Leslie R
Falconer, Dr. Robert A..
.Parish, Dr. Henry G
Farrcll, Edward M
426
489
578
560
Faulkner, Daniel 663
Faulkner, Delancey T 662
Ferguson, Archibald 330
Ferguson, John A 235
Ferguson, Malcolm 330
Fielding, Peter M 85
Finlayson, Duncan 56
Finn, Robert E 106
Fisher, John 584
Fisher, Ward 584
Flint, Thomas B 592
Floyd, D. P 519
Foley, Rev. William J 473
Forbes, Capt. A. V. S 566
Forbes, Francis G 566
Forbes, Dr. James F 566
Forbes, John J 243
Forbes, E. Mackenzie 243
Ford, Ellis 570
Ford, Dr. Harley B 570
Ford, Leander S 403
Ford, Dr. Theodore R 403
Forrest, Rev. John 36
Forrest, Dr. Alexander 36
Foster, Arthur D 432
Francklyn, George E 453
Francklyn, George E. _ 455
Ffascr, Dr. Benjamin D 469
Fraser, Sir Charles F 37
Fraser, Graham 485
Fraser, John J 417
Fraser, Thomas 485
Freeman, D. Wilbur 338
Freeman, George W 340
Freeman, Joshua 339
Freeman, Dr. Nelson P 93
Freeman, Samuel 339
Freeman, William <= 339
Fuller, Dr. Albert J 594
Fuller, Dr. Edward L 601
Fuller, Robert C 332
Fuller, Stephen B 601
Fullerton, David 247
Fullerton, Edward A 246
Fullerton, Varley B 348
Fulton, Albert D 546
Fulton, Harlan - 130
Fulton, James 546
Fulton, Joseph 546
Fulton, Dr. Silas A 370
Fulton, W. H - 130
Furncss, John E 274
Gass, Robert 672
Gayton, Albert 504
Gayton, Thomas 504
Geddes, Dr. Thomas O 582
Gibson, George L 86
Gibson, Thomas 86
Gillies, Rev. D. M 209
Gillies, Joseph A 280
Gillis, Neil J 230
Girror, Edward L 326
Godfrey, William M 522
Goodwin, Dr. Burton E 611
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
Goodwin, Dr. Wendell V. K 356
Grant, John 248
Grant, John J 172
Grant, Joseph 172
Grant, J. Smith 248
Grant, Rev. William P 382
Gray, Dr. Charles 653
Gray, Daniel 181
Gray, Frances W 311
Gray, George 180
Gray, John A 390
Grierson, John A 511
Grierson, William 511
Griffin, Charles P 554
Gunn, Alexander D 288
H
Haley, George 609
Haliburton, Thomas C 48
Hall, Frederick G <5lM
Hall, George A 115
Hall, George H 115
Hall, William 604
Hamilton, George J 240
Hamilton, Howard H 240
Hamilton, John J 240
Hanna, James 540
Harlow, Charles 568
Harlow, John H 568
Harlow, Robert 568
Harrington, Augustus 640
Harrington, Maj. G. S 303
Harrington, Dr. Meade P 639
Harris, Dr. David F 396
Harris, Frederick E 621
Harris, Frederick W 484
Harris, Reginald V 461
Harris, Robert E 269
Harris, Steven 428
Harris, Thomas R 622
Harris, Dr. William C 428
Harris, William L 428
Hart, Thomas C 610
Havey, Bernard 542
Havey, Dr. Harry B 542
Hattie, Dr. William H 492
Hayes, Dr. Joseph 278
Hearn, David A 253
Hennessey, John 354
Hennessey, Vincent 354
Henry, William A _ 129
Hewson, Dr. Charles W. U 401
Higgins, John 462
Higson, John 419
Hill, Rev. Allan M 585
Hill, Daniel 598
Hill, Harry P 555
Hill, William D 598
Hinchey, Patrick 199
Hinchey, William J 199
Holmes, Capt. Benjamin 663
Holmes, William 599
Hopper, Dr. Anson D 547
Howe, Hon. Joseph 32
Hoyt, Charles J 327
Hubley, George A 96
Humboldt, Dr. Harvey D 605
Humboldt, David 605
Hunt, Rev. Abraham S 698
I
Illsley, George H 423
Inglis, Rev. Charles 169
Inglis, Sir John E. W 139
Irving, James A 571
Irwin, Robert 577
Jack, Rev. T. Chalmers 320
Jackson, G. Stonewall 252
Jackson, James W 252
Jackson, Robert M 252
Jeffers, Dr. Edward 349
Jennison, Christopher , 536
Jennison, H. V 659
Jennison, William F 536
Jones, Alfred G 66
Jones, Herbert L 507
Johnson, J. W 368
Johnston, John 543
Jphnstone, Dr. Lewis W 287
Johnstone, James W 117
Johnstone, Capt. W. M 117
Johnstone, William M 698
K
Kempton, Jacob C 575
Kempton, Philson 575
Kennedy, Dr. Evan 667
Kennedy, Robert H 562
Kenny, Sir Edward 116
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
Kenny, T. E 116
Kerr, George 142
Kerr, James O 142
Kerr, Thomas 143
Kiely, Rev. William F 318
King, Edwin D 141
King, John 141
Kimbcr, Frederic C 305
Kinlcy, John J 655
Kirk, Adam 512
Kirk, D. Grant 514
Knight, James A ._ 444
Lane, Charles W 658
Langille, William H 499
Law, Bowman B 113
Lawrence, Capt. Albert 40
Lawrence, Frank 41
Lawrence, Henry, Sr 41
Lawrence, Henry, Jr 41
Lee, Capt. Richard 680
Lessel, William H 528
Levatte, Henry C. V 198
Lewis, George E. M 387
Leydon, Thomas 273
Ligherstone, Rev. G. P 698
Llwyd, Rev. John P. D 409
Logan, Albert F 620
Logan, Rev. George A 538
Logan, Hance J 410
Lockwood, Dr. Terence C 509
Lucas, Frank E 291
Lusby, Charles A 342
Lynch, William T 300
Lynch, Thomas 300
Lyon's Brook, History of 218
M
Mac Adam, Rev. Donald M 112
Macadam, Hugh 293
MacAskill, Murdock D 334
MacCuish, Dr. Kenneth A 318
MacDonald, Angus 179
MacDonald, Dr. Emmanuel O 307
MacDonald, Joseph 204
MacDonald, J. Roderick 302
MacDonald, William 634
MacDonald, William 227
MacDougall, Alexander 236
MacDonald, Rev. Alex. L 520
Macdonald, Donald D. 266
Macdonald, John E. 420
Macdonald, William 421
Macdonald, Rev. Wm. B 179
Macdougal, Rev. Donald 613
MacDougall, Alexander 236
MacDougall, Roderick 236
MacEachern, Rev. Angus B 463
McGillivray, Alex. B 436
MacGillivray, Angus 523
MacGrcgor, The Family 392
MacGregor, George H. 396
MacGregor, James 654
MacGrcgor, Rev. James 392
MacGregor, James C. 395
MacGrcgor, James D. 393
MacGregor, Peter A. 395
MacGregor, Robert 393
MacGregor, Robert M. 394
Maclsaac, Allan R. 211
Maclsaac, Donald 211
Maclsaac, Roderick 211
Mackay, Alexander 232
MacKay, Alexander H. 459
Mackay, Capt. Daniel 251
MacKay, Duncan H. 234
Mackay, George 176
MacKay, Henry S. 176
Mackay, John W. 232
MacKay, Lachlaw 234
Mackay, Robert H. 1/1
Mackay, William J. 232
MacKeen, Hon. David 223
MacKeen, Edmund T. 249
Mackenzie, Arthur S. 29
MacKenzie, Colin 281
MacKenzie, Donald 442
MacKenzie, Hector 442
MacKenzie, James F. 442
Mackenzie, Dr. K. A. 270
MacLeod, Dr. William A 388
MacLennan, Donald 267
Macmillan, Neil A. 290
McArthur, Neil R. 308
McCarthy, Rev. Edward J 272
McCormick, John 321
McCulloch, Rev. William 553
McDonald, Alexander 195
McDonald, Alexander Y 312
McDonald, Angus R. 200
McDonald, John H. .. 675
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
McDonald, Ronald 200
McDonald, William 312
McDougall, Horace 380
McDougall James M. 380
McEachern, Alexander 192
McFarlane, Alexandra D. 365
McGregor, Rev. James 189
Mclnnis, Angus 301
Mclnnis, Fred A. 301
Mclnnis, Michael A. 191
Mclntosh, John 197
Mclntosh, Michael 197
Mclntosh, Rev. D. J 518
Mclntyre, Archibald A. 284
McKay, C. Curtis 501
McKay, David jOl
McKay, George F. 656
McKay, Dr. William 642
McKinnon, James L. 193
McKinnon, John 194
McKittrick, Burgess 68
McLean, Dr. Adam T. 379
McLean, Dr. Edwin D 374
McLellan, Samuel D. 359
McNamara, John 304
McNamara, William 304
McXcil, Alexander S. 250
McNeil, Daniel 328
McNeil, James R 188
McNeil, Malcolm 319
McNeil, Malcolm 188
McNeil, Neil F. 319
McPhcrson, Alexander 517
McPherson, Donald 517
McVicar, Donald 299
McVicar, Ronald 299
Maclellan, Anthony 126
Maclellan, Dr. Edward K. 136
Maclean, George W. 389
Maclellan, James 127
Maclellan, John 128
Maclellan, The Family 126
Maclellan, Robert 186
Maclellan, Dr. Robert G. 106
Maclellan, William E. 133
Mack, Robert T. 98
Mack, Rev. Robert B. 98
Mader, Bernard 99
Mader, Charles U. 99
Mader, Francis 99
Manning, Rev. Edward 107
March, Dr. Henry A. 506
March, Stephen 506
Margeson, Maj. Joseph W 399
Marshall, G. Ross 544
Marshall, John 683
Marshall, William E. 683
Martell, Rev. Anthony 440
Martell, The Family 438-
Martell, Rev. G. R. 156
Martin, Charles S. 228
Martin, Peter F. 226
Masters, Charles A. 433
Masters, Frederick A. 433
Matheson, Alexander 238
Matheson, Donald F. 71
Maxner, Leonard W. 490
Mcllish, Humphrey 448
Miller, Dr. Arthur F. 431
Miller, Dr. A. F. 627
Miller, Dr. Clarence 257
Miller, James S. 261
Miller, Dr. John W. 260
Millidge, Major Thomas 326
Milner, Frank L. 344
Mitchell, Henry 184
Mitchell, James 184
Mitchener, Dr. Harry L 103
Mitchener, Rufus 103
Moore, Clement P. 292
More, John S. 561
Morris, Dr. Clarence H. 122
Morrison, Capt. A. J. 296
Morrison, Dr. John C. 196
Morrison, Dr. Murdock D 187
Morse, Edward J. 137
Morse, Samuel E. 137
Muggah, Goerge D. 297
Muggah, John 297
Muggah, Capt. William 297
Muir, Dr. William S 384
Murray, Donald 79
Murray, Daniel W. 79
Murray, George H. 637
Murray, Rev. Howard 571
N
Neily, Lambert O. 684
Nelson, Fred 557
Newcomb, Edward B. 476
Newcomb, David B. 476
Newcomb, Capt. John 476
Nickerson, Smith A. 268
z'3
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
Nicol, Thomas O. G 101
North, John B. 154
O
O'Brien, Edward 65
O'Brien, Everett A. 84
O'Brien, George B. 67
O'Brien, Jacob 84
O'Brien, Milton 89
O'Brien, Osmond 85
O'Brien, Samuel 89
O'Brien, William 64
Ogilvie, Warren 493
Oliv ei John . B. 551
Olive, William 552
O'Connor, William F. 450
O'Mullin, John C. 140
Ormiston, Frank K. 650
Payzant, Benjamin D. F 57
Payzant, Rev. Harry Y. 491
Payzant, John Y. 30
Payzant, W. H 261
Payzant, W. L. 30
Parsons, Albert 90
Parsons, Mortimer 87
Patterson, George G. 55
Patton, Dr. John W. T 363
Pelton, Sandford H. 404
Perrin, Dr. Albert M 591
Phinney, Norman H. 525
Pickup, The Family 618
Pickup, Samuel 618
Pickup, Samuel W. W 619
Pineo, H. H. 214
Pineo, Peter 213
Pineo, William W. 213
Policy, Dr. George A. 652
Powell, Francis C. 43
Powell, Rev. Thomas W 43
Power, John J. 222
Power, Lawrence G. 225
Priest, John W. 245
Priest, Noah 245
Primrose, Clarence 259
Pirmrose, James 258
Pullen, Clara C 45
R
Ralston, James L. 131
Randall, Dr. E. Ambrose 372
Rector, George F. 350
Reid, Dr. James W. 132
Renton, Thomas 247
Rhodes, Edgar N. 331
Roberts, Arthur 82
Robertson, Robert 325
Robertson, Robert B. H. 54
Rockwell, Charles F. 434
Rockwell, Dr. Joseph S 430
Rockwell, Judah B. 434
Rogers, Benjamin D. 616
Rogers, James W. 631
Rogers, T. Sherman 449
Roper, John S. 138
Roscoe, Wentworth E. 677
Ross, Alexander D. 333
Ross, Alexander P. 229
Ross, Donald 630
Ross, John U. 229
Ross, Rev. Malcolm 630
Ross, Walter G. 629
Roy, James 422
Russell, Benjamin 456
Russell, Bernard W. _ ._ 451
Salter, Joseph, Sr. 314
Sanatorium, The Provincial 625
Sangster, John 60
Sangster, James M. 61
Sangster, William 60
Sedgwick, Rev. Robert 161
Sexton, Frederic H. 275
Shannon, Nathaniel 683
Slackford, John H. 371
Simmonds, James 526
Shaw, George E. B. 51
Shaw, Judson D. 496
Shaw, Peter 51
Shaw, William 51
Sharp, Thomas 62
Sharp, William 62
Smith, Charles R. 336
Smith, Frank 369
Smith, Dr. Herbert A. T 556
Simth, James 671
Smith, John 369
Smith, John A. 155
Smith, Rev. John S. 573
Smith, Dr. Jordan W 563
Smith, Dr. Mantague A. B 572
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
351
120
120
Smith, Wiley - ^
Soloan, David M. 375
Spence, James C. - ^
Spence, Nathaniel D.
Spicer, Percy L
Stairs, William
Stairs, William J. -
Steele, Rev. David A 341
Sterling, William ?8
Stevens, George 53-
Stevens, Thomas - ^3
Stevens, Robert J. - 53Z
Stewart, Angus - 322
Stewart, Dr. Dugald .
Stewart, James H. -.
Stewart, John D. G. 391
Stewart, John S. _.
Stewart, Robert T 383
Stewart, Hugh
Stuart, George W. ..
Struthcrs, Dr. John 97
Struthers, Robert G. -
Sullivan, Dr. M. T.--
Suthcrland, Colin G. -
Sutherland, Hector T. _
Sutherland, John .
Sutherland, Dr. Robert H
Taylor, Sydney H. ... - 623
Tanner, Charles E. - 265
Tanner, Richard - 695
Tanner, William F. - 694
Thompson, Rev. Alex. M.__ .
Thompson, Alexander C. -.
Townshend, Sir Charles J .- 415
.Townsend, Thomas 202
Townsend, Zachariah W. 202
Trask, Elias - 691
Trask, J. Logan 689
Trask, Leslie M. 693
Trask, Capt. William ... .- 689
Tretheney, John 606
Tretheney, Dr. William A 606
Trites, Dr. Charles B 573
Trotter, Cuthbert S. 175
Trotter, Wallace C 175
Tupper, Sir Charles 25
V
Vroom, Rev. Fenwick W 44
Vernon, Gilbert H. 366
W
Walker, Dr. Smith L.
Wallace, John -
Wallace. Rev. Martin J
Wallace, William B. 149
Ward, James P. -
Watson, Dr. David T. C.__.
Watson, Henry ,__-
Watson, Thomas W. -.
Weeks, Dr. Charles M. _
Weeks, Dr. Samuel M. _
Weeks, Dr. Samuel
Webster, Barclay .
Webster, Beverly L. _
Webster, Dr. Charles A. ..
Webster, Dr. Conrad O. H 238
Webster, Henry B. ... 206
Webster, Dr. Isaac
Webster, Dr. Isaac __-
Webster, Dr. John L. R
Whitman, Alfred . 612
Whitman, Edward C. -
Whitman, Francis C.
Whitman, Rev. George W.
Whitman, William S.
Wickwire, Harry H.
Wickwire, J. L. __.
Wilson, Dr. A. A. C.
Wilson, James H.
Wiswell, Enoch
Wiswell, Henry
Wiswell, William H. _.
Worrell, Rev. Clarendon L
Worrell, Clarendon F.
Woodbury, Dr. Frank
Woodworth, John E. -
Wright, Charles F. ... 565
Wright, Rupert C. 88
Young, Charles E. 46
Yorston, Frederic 263
Yorston, James 262
Yorston, John 265
Zwicker, Arthur H. 646
Zwicker, E. Fenwick 647
Zwicker, Peter 647
Zwicker, W. Norman 647
SIR CHARLES TUPPER.
BIOGRAPHICAL
RT. HON. SIR CHARLES TUPPER.
Human life is like the waves of the sea; they flash a few brief
moments in the sunlight, marvels of power and beauty, and then are
dashed upon the remorseless shores of death and disappear forever.
As the mighty deep has rolled for ages past and chanted its sublime
requiem, and will continue to roll during the coming ages, until time
shall be no more, so will the waves of human life follow each other
in countless succession until they mingle at last with the billows of
eternity's boundless sea. The passing of any human life, however
humble and unknown, is sure to give rise to a pang of anguish to
some heart, but when the "fell destroyer" knocks at the door of the
useful, and removes from earthly scenes the man of influence and
the benefactor of his kind, it not only means bereavement to kindred
and friends but a public calamity as well. In the largest and best
sense of the term, the late Sir Charles Tupper was distinctively one
of the noted men of his day and generation in Nova Scotia, and as
such his life record is entitled to a conspicuous place in her annals.
His career goes back to the great days of Howe in this Province;
his name is written across the whole story of confederated Canada.
He was born at Amherst, Nova Scotia, July 2, 1821, and his
death occurred in England, where he had made his home for a num-
ber of years, on October 30, 1915. His remains were brought to
Halifax for interment, and his funeral, which was held on Novem-
ber 1 6th, was one of the most notable ever held in Canada. He was
a son of Rev. Charles T. Tupper, D. D., a noted Baptist minister
of the early days. He was born at Aylesford, this Province, and his
first wife, Miriam Lockhart (Low) Tupper, was a native of Parrs-
boro, Nova Scotia. This branch of the family is descended from
Thomas Tupper, who immigrated to America in 1635, landing at
Saugus, Massachusetts, (the site of the present city of Lynn), and
two years later removed with others to Sandwich, in the same state,
of which town they were the incorporators.
Sir Charles Tupper was educated in Horton Academy and Edin-
2 6 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
burgh University, receiving the degree of Doctor of Medicine in
1843, from the latter, and the honorary degree of Doctor of Com-
mon Laws from the former in 1882; he was also a Doctor of Laws
from Cambridge, Edinburg and Queen's Universities. He was admit-
ted a member of the Royal College of Surgeons at Edinburgh in
1843. Returning to Nova Scotia he commenced the practice of his
profession in his native county and speedily secured an extensive
business. He entered public life at the general election in 1855,
being then returned to the Nova Scotia Assembly as a member for
Cumberland County. The unsuccessful candidate was no less a
person than Joseph Howe, then leader of the Liberal party in this
Province and afterwards lieutenant-governor. In entering Parlia-
ment the new member drew up and was allowed by his seniors to
adopt a new, a more progressive and liberal policy. It is also
recorded of him, that, like Disraeli, he educated his party. He
brought them round to take a more comprehensive view of affairs,
attracted to himself the more moderate men of the opposite side and
with so much effect that, in the following year, the reconstructed
party came into power, and "the young doctor" as he was called,
became provincial secretary; from that time until the confederation
of the Provinces, 1867, he was, perhaps the most prominent figure
in local politics, having succeeded to the Premiership in 1864. In
the accomplishment of confederation, and the establishment of the
Dominion of Canada he bore a conspicuous part, attending the Char-
lottetown and Quebec conferences in 1864, and afterwards going to
England, where the question was settled at the Westminster Palace
Hotel conference. For his services in this regard he was created a
Companion of the Bath, and, on the formation of the first govern-
ment in and for the Dominion of Canada, he was invited to take
office therein, but waived his claim in favor of Sir Edward Kenny,
to meet obstacles arising in other Provinces of the Dominion. He
was sworn of the Privy Council, June 21, 1870, taking the office
of the president of the Council. He was transferred to the Depart-
ment of Internal Revenue, July 2, 1872. He became Minister of Cus-
toms, February 22, 1873, and was still holding that office when the
Macdonald administration resigned over the "Pacific scandal" in
the autumn of that year. During the five years that the Conservative
party was in opposition, he was Sir John Macdonald's principal
organizer and adviser, and to no one was the Conservative party
more indebted than to him for its return to power in 1878. While
. HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 2"J
in the opposition he elaborated and brought before Parliament the
scheme of moderate protection for home industries, known as the
"National Policy," which was subsequently adopted and put into
force by the new administration. In that government he became
Minister of Public Works. Afterwards he created the Department
of Railways and Canals, and was its first minister. As such he
carried out the policy of the government in reference to the enlarge-
ment of the Welland Canal, the deepening of the St. Lawrence chan-
nl, the improvement of the Intercolonial Railway, securing a surplus
over the running, from 1880 to 1884, inclusive, and the construc-
tion by a private company of the Canadian Pacific Railway. He
retired from the ministry in May, 1884, and was from that period
up to 1887, and again afterwards the representative of the Dominion
in London, as High Commissioner for Canada. In the early part of
the last named year, as the general elections approached, he was invited
by Sir John Macdonald to return to Canada. He again entered the
government and was Minister of Finance therein up to May, 1888,
when he resigned that office and resumed duty in London as High
Commissioner.
In January, 1896, he entered the Bowell administration as Sec-
retary of State and leader of the House of Commons, and on the
retirement of Sir M. Bowell, four months afterwards, succeeded him
as Prime Minister of Canada. The policy of his government as
outlined in an address issued to the electors of Canada included pro-
tection to Canadian industries, preferential trade with Great Britain,
the strengthening of the national defenses, the promotion of a fast
Atlantic steamship service, the admission of Newfoundland, and
the encouragement of a large and desirable immigration. After the
defeat of his party at the polls, June 23, 1896, he resigned office,
and at the meeting of the new Parliament in August was elected
leader of the opposition, a position he filled until his retirement
from public life after the general election in 1900, when he was
defeated at the polls. He was for some years president of the
Liberal-Conservative Union of Ontario. He was created a Knight
Commander of St. Michael and St. George in 1879, and Knight
Guard Cross of St. Michael and St. George in 1886, a Baronet of
the United Kingdom in 1888, and an Imperial Privy Councillor in
1908. He was a fellow of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society.
He was for some time Surgeon-General of Nova Scotia, surgeon-
major of the First Brigade of Halifax Artillery, and became presi-
28 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
dent, on its organization, of the Canadian Medical Association, a
position he continued to hold for several years. He was a member
of the executive council of the Imperial Federal League, under
Lord Rosebery, later becoming a member of the council of the Brit-
ish Empire League. He served as Executive Commissioner for
Canada at the International Exposition at Antwerp in 1885, and at
the Colonial and Independent Exposition in London in 1886, being
also a royal Commissioner at the last named exposition. In 1887
he was appointed one of His Majesty's Plenipotentiaries to the
Fisheries conference at Washington, which resulted in the signing
of a treaty for the settlement of the matter in dispute between
Canada and the United States in connection with the Atlantic fish-
eries. In 1888 he was appointed a member of the Royal Commission
for the purpose of carrying out a scheme for the colonization in
Canada of crofters and cotters from the Highlands of Scotland.
He was also appointed a Royal Commissioner for the organization
of the Imperial Institute, and was a governor thereof. He repre-
sented Canada at the Intercolonial conference at Paris for the pro-
tection of submarine cables in 1883, at the Intercolonial conference
in Brussels, relating to customs, at the International Postal Union,
in Vienna in 1891, and at the International Railway conference in
London in 1895. In 1893 he was appointed a Plenipotetiary jointly
with the late Lord Dufferin, and negotiated the Franco-Canadian
Treaty with M. Hanotaux, the late Foreign Minister Of France.
Commencing in 1858, Sir Charles Tupper was repeatedly pre-
sented to Queen Victoria, and was also repeatedly presented to King
Edward and his Royal Consort, both before and after their accession
to the throne. He was present by invitation in Westminister
Abbey, at their coronation. He was also present, by invitation, at
the coronation of King George and Queen Mary, in June, 1911.
He was received in private audience by His Holiness the Pope,
April 13, 1905, "who praised him warmly and gave him his special
blessing." He was one of the original members of the Halifax
Club, one of the original board of governors of Dalhousie College
in 1863; a vice-president of the Canadian Patriotic Fund in 1900;
a vice-president of the United Empire Club, London, England; an
honorary life member of the Canadian Club of Boston, Massa-
chusetts, and was the first president of the Crown Life Insurance
Company of Toronto in 1901. His bust was executed by Bain
Smith, and exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1892.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 29
Among the public measures placed upon the statute books by
him during his lengthened public career have been the following:
In Nova Scotia the jury law, the Education Act providing free
schools, the Equity Judge Act, the Windsor and Annapolis Railway
Act, -the representation Act, the Executive and Legislative Disabil-
ity Act, and an Act reducing the number of Parliamentary repre-
sentatives; in the Dominion, the Weights and Measures Act, the
Act prohibiting the sale or manufacture of liquors in the Northwest
Territory, the Consolidated Railway Act in 1879, the Act granting
a charter to the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1881, and a great
number of others. He was a frequent contributor to periodical
literature. He also wrote several political pamphlets of note. He
celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of his marriage in Ottawa, Octo-
ber' 8, 1896. He was opposed to the Taft-Fielding reciprocity com-
pact in 1911. He was ah adept at golf, was a Forester, and an
Anglican. He belonged to a number of clubs. All in all he was
one of the most remarkable, useful and honored men Canada has
ever produced.
ARTHUR STANLEY MACKENZIE.
Arthur Stanley Mackenzie, president of Dalhousie University, was
born at Pictou, Nova Scotia, September 26, 1865, and is a son of the
late George A. Mackenzie, for many years a leader of the bar at that
place. There young Mackenzie grew to manhood and received his
early education in the public schools, later entered Dalhousie Univer-
sity, Halifax, from which he was graduated with the degree of
Bachelor of Arts, with George Munro bursary and fellowship, Sir
William Young gold medal and honors in mathematics and physics,
in 1885. He then entered Johns Hopkins University, from which
institution he was graduated in 1894 with the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy, with a scholarship in physics and a fellowship in physics.
In 1895 he married Mary Lewis Taylor, a daughter of Franklin
Taylor of Indianapolis, Indiana. Her death occurred in 1896. He
became assistant master of the Yarmouth Seminary in 1885, where
he remained until 1887, then came to Halifax and became George
Monro tutor in Dalhousie College until 1879, then went to Pennsyl-
vania and lectured in physics at Bryn Mawyr College until 1891, and
was associate in physics there in 1892, and in 1894 was made associate
professor in physics in that institution, and was professor of physics
there from 1897 to 1905. He then returned to Halifax and became
30 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Monro professor of physics in Dalhousie University, which position
he retained from 1905 to 1910, then for a year was professor of
physics in the Stevens Institute of Technology. He was elected presi-
dent of Dalhousie University in 1911, the duties of which responsible
position he has continued to discharge to the present time, keeping
the institution up to the high standard it held in the past and introdu-
cing a number of modern and improved methods in various depart-
ments.
He is a member of the American Physical Society, the American
Philisophical Society, and the Nova Scotia Institute of Science. He
has been Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada since 1908. He is
regarded as one of the foremost scientists in the realm of physics in
North America, and is the author of papers published in the Physical
Review, Journal of the Franklin Institute, and Proceedings of the
American Philisophical Society; also a work entitled, "The Laws of
Gravitation."
JOHN Y. PAYZANT.
A succesful and well known member of the Halifax bar is John Y.
Payzant, a man who has been very largely the architect of his own
fortunes, and has been loyal in all the relations of life.
Air. Payzant was born at Falmouth, Nova Scotia, February 9,
1837. He received his education in the public schools and Acadia
University, from which he received the degree of Bachelor of Arts
in 1860, and Master of Arts in 1863. He was admitted to the bar in
1864, and thus for a period of half a century or more he has been
engaged successfully in the practice of law and has long stood in the
front ranks at the Halifax bar. He was made a King's counsellor
in 1890 (Earl of Derby). He has long been head of the firm of J. Y.
Payzant & Son, and, having remained a student, has kept well abreast
of the times in all that pertains to his profession. He is not only well
grounded in the fundamental principles of the law but is an excellent
pleader before the court or jury. His son, William L. Payzant, who
is associated with him, with offices at 95 Hollis street, is one of the
most successful younger members of the local bar.
John Y. Payzant was married in August, 1868, to Frances E.
Silver, a daughter of W. C. Silver, of Halifax.
Mr. Payzant has long taken an active interest in public affairs,
and has been mayor and recorder of Dartmouth. He is vice-president
of the Eastern Trust Company, and president of the Bank of Nova
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 3!
Scotia. He is one of the trustees of the Halifax Young Men's Chris-
tian Association. Politically, he is a Conservative, and in religious
matters, an Anglican.
Although a lawyer of much ability it is as a business man that
Mr. Payzant is best known and where his talents find best expression.
WILEY SMITH.
The late Wiley Smith, of Halifax, was born at Falmouth, Hants
County, Nova Scotia, January i, 1834. His father was a farmer,
farming on an extensive scale in Hants County. His mother, before
her marriage, was Maria H. Irish.
Mr. Smith received his early education in the common schools in
Falmouth, and later took a course at Horton Academy, Wolfville,
Kings County. In 1860, in partnership with his brother, Allison
Smith, they established a grocery business in Halifax under the firm
name of A. & W. Smith, which has gradually expanded, and is one
of the most extensive wholesale houses as well as one of the oldest
in the eastern Provinces. The business is still being carried on at
the same spot where it originally started, with many additions in
warehouse space around the first plant to accommodate the require-
ments of the increasing mercantile trade. Shortly after the inception
of the business in Halifax the firm of A. & W. Smith became inter-
ested in the ship building industry, which was prosperous at that time
and for some years after. During the years of prosperity of wooden
sailing ships, the firm of A. & W. Smith was managing owners of a
dozen or more ships and barques of large size then being built, which
they kept in foreign trade, and the firm as managing owners was
well known in all parts of the world where wooden sailing ships were
employed in the carrying trade, which business was carried on by
the firm until wooden sailing ships became unprofitable. The firm
of A. & W. Smith & Company, for many years consisted of Wiley
Smith, L. M. Smith, and S. O. Hogg. The senior partner, Allison
Smith, died in 1889. Besides his duties as president of the Acadia
Sugar Refining Company and as director of the Royal Bank of Can-
ada, Wiley Smith was also a director of the Eastern Trust Company.
He was a member of the Halifax Club and studley Quoit Club, of
Halifax.
Wiley Smith died in February, 1916, after a brief illness at the
age of eighty-two years.
32 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
HON. JOSEPH HOWE.
Nova Scotia never has, and perhaps, never will, produce a greater
man than Joseph Howe. He was a born leader of men, and was the
possessor of all the characteristics that go to make up the symmetric-
ally well developed and sterling- character that caused him to attain
eminent heights as a statesman, orator, journalist, author and citizen.
Mr. Howe was born on Northwest Arm, in what is now the south-
western outskirts of Halifax, in December, 1804. His father was
John Howe, a United Empire Loyalist, who was at one time a
printer in Boston, but who subsequently became a writer for the news-
papers. Young Howe went to school in an irregular fashion in
Halifax, and picked up the rudiments of a rough and ready educa-
tion. He was of a rugged frame, had an exhuberance of animal
spirits, and was fond of the outdoors. He undoubtedly possessed
the poetic temperament, however his poetry did not bring him fame.
In 1817 he began to learn the printing business at the Gazette office,
Halifax. This paper was owned by his younger brother, John Howe.
He served out his full apprenticeship, and then engaged himself in
journeyman printing work. While learning his trade young Howe
is said to have read voraciously every book that he could lay his
hands on. He also published in the Gazette a lot of verses, which,
however, did not win him much of a reputation as a poet. "One
evening," says a Canadian writer, "while taking a solitary swim in
the Arm, he was seized with cramps and felt himself sinking. He
cast an agonized look round, and caught sight of the dearly loved
cottage on the hillside, where his mother was just placing a lighted
candle in the window-sill. The thought of the grief which would
overshadow that woman's heart on the morrow inspired him with the
strength to give a last despairing kick. The kick dispelled the cramp
and hastily swimming ashore, he sank down exhausted, but thankful
for his deliverance. It was long before he could summon courage to
acquaint his parents with the circumstance."
Joseph Howe began a newspaper business on his own account in
1827, becoming part proprietor of the Weekly Chronicle, the name
of which was later changed to that of the Acadian. However, he
soon sold out the latter, and purchased the Nova Scotian. In this
newspaper he wrote with great earnestness, eloquence and force.
His style was pregnant, trenchant and sometimes overwhelming.
His celebrated Legislative Review began to appear in 1830, and at-
tracted wide notice. In 1835 he published an article which the
HON. JOSEPH HOWE.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 33
oligarchists could not tolerate, and he was indicted for libel. He
consulted various lawyers. "There can be no successful defense
made for you," they all said, and some invited him to make an humble
apology, and throw himself upon the mercy of his prosecutors. He
borrowed a lot of law books, read all he could find on libel, and con-
vinced himself that the learned men of the law were wrong. He
pleaded his own case, and his heart became comforted as he saw
among the jurors an old man with tears streaming from his eyes.
The jury returned in ten minutes with a verdict of "not guilty," and
the lawyers who had said, "he who pleads his own case has a fool
for a client," were in a way dumbfounded. From this day forward
he was a noted man.
In 1836 Mr. Howe was elected to Parliament for the County of
Halifax. Two years later he traveled through Europe with Judge
Thomas C. Haliburton, the author. Mr. Howe returned in 1838,
and plunged into public work again. Sir Colin Campbell, who was
then governor, could not understand what "the common people meant
by talking about their 'rights,' " and with him, it need not be said,
Mr. Howe was at issue. On petition of the Province. Governor
Campbell was recalled, and was succeeded by Lord Falkland, a son of
William IV, by Mrs. Jordan. After a time, it seems, Falkland be-
came a cat's-paw in the hands of the Tories and provoked fierce
hostilities from the Liberals, at the head of whom was Joseph Howe.
In 1848 the day of triumph came for the Liberals. Mr. Mackie was
called upon to form a new government and Mr. Howe became prov-
incial secretary. In 1851 he retired from the representation of Hali-
fax and in 1863 he became premier in the place of Mr. Young, who
was elevated to the bench. Since the entry into public life of Dr.
Charles Tupper, in 1855, there had been a steady, often a furious,
hostility between himself and Mr. Howe. The strife was greater
between them on the question of union, to which Mr. Howe was
opposed. But Dr. Tupper prevailed, not that he was a greater man
than Mr. Howe, but because luck was on his side there being a gen-
eral movement in the direction of union, and the imperial government
desired the measure. When confederation was accomplished the now
almost broken down veteran was made to see, by Sir J. A. Macdonald,
that he could be loyal to his Province by accepting the inevitable
and making the best of the order of things. Hence Mr. Howe
entered the Dominion cabinet in 1869 as president of the Council.
34 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Ten months later he became secretary of state for the Provinces and
superintendent-general of Indian affairs. His health was now all
the while growing feebler, and his mental retrogression seemed to
keep pace with his physical. In 1873 he was appointed lieutenant-
governor of Nova Scotia, but he died a few weeks afterwards.
As an orator, Joseph Howe was the greatest man that the Prov-
inces which compose Canada has ever produced.
He married in 1828, Catherine Susan Ann McNab, a daughter
of Capt. John McNab, of the Nova Scotia Fencibles.
THE VENERABLE WILLIAM JAMES ARMITAGE.
In every life of honor and usefulness there is no dearth of incident
and yet in summing up the career of any man the biographer needs
touch only those salient points which give the keynote to his character.
Thus in setting forth the life record of The Venerable William James
Armitage, rector of St. Paul's Church, Halifax, sufficient will be
said to show what all who know him will freely acquiesce in that he
is one of the representative men of Nova Scotia, and one of our most
prominent and useful citizens. Such a life as his is an inspiration to
others who are less courageous and more prone to give up the fight
when obstacles thwart their way, or their ideals have been attained
or definite success achieved in any field of endeavor.
Rev. Dr. Armitage, who has for a number of years faithfully
discharged the duties of Archdeacon of Halifax and is universally
recognized as one of the foremost Anglican churchmen of the present
day in Canada, is of Anglo-Irish origin, the descendant of an ancient
Norman family that came to England with William the Conqueror. He
is a son of the late William Bond Head Armitage and Jane (Adams)
Armitage, and his birth occurred at Bryanston, Ontario, February 6,
1860. He was educated in private schools and Toronto University.
He studied divinity at Wycliffe College, Toronto, from which institu-
tion he was graduated with honors, and he received the degree of Mas-
ter of Arts from Dalhousie University, Halifax, in 1901 ; also the de-
gree of Doctor of Philosophy from the University of New Brunswick
in 1905. He was ordained deacon in 1884, priest in 1885. He was
curate of St. James' Church, Orilla, durng 1884 and 1885 ; rector of St.
Thomas's Church, St. Catharine's, Ontario, from 1886 to 1897, was
rural dean of Lincoln and Welland, from 1892 to 1895; rector of St.
Paul's parish, Halifax, in 1897 and here he remains. He was rural
dean of Halifax from 1900 to 1905, was made Archdeacon of Halifax
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 35
in 1906, and canon of All Saints Cathedral there in 1907. In addition
to other important positions he has served as master in divinity
Bishop Ridley College; special lecturer at Wycliffe College; lecturer
on pastoral theology in King's University, Windsor; acting chaplain
of the Queen's Own Rifles, at Niagara Camp on several occasions.
He is honorary chaplain of the Sixty-sixth Regiment, Princess
Louise Fusiliers, Halifax, being promoted to the rank of major in
1909 and to that of lieutenant-colonel in 1913. He was acting chaplain
to the members of the Church of England in the Canadian contingent
to South Africa durng the Boer war, while encamped at Halifax. He
is a councillor of Wycliffe College, one of the founders of Ridley
College, St. Catharine, and of Havergal Ladies' College, Toronto, a
member of the Provincial and General Synods of Canada, chairman
of the Halifax branch of the Lord's Day Alliance, chairman of the
Colonial and Continental Church Society, and he was elected presi-
dent of the Nova Scotia Historical Society in 1911. He was a candi-
date for the vacant bishopric of Niagara in 1896, receiving a majority
of lay votes in the first three ballots; also for vacant bishopric of
Nova Scotia in 1904, when he received the majority of lay votes in
seven ballots. He was nominated for the vacancy in the bishopric of
the Diocese of Fredericton in 1916, and in the Diocese of Howie
in 1905. He was an official delegate to the Pan- Anglican Congress
in 1908 and to the bi-centennial Anglican church celebration in Hali-
fax, 1910. He is secretary of joint committee of both houses, on
the Adaptation, Enrichment and Revision of the Book of Common
Prayer, of the General Synod of the Church of England in Canada,,
and custodian of the Canadian Book of Common Prayer.
Our subject is not only known as a pulpit orator of unusual abil-
ity, force and earnestness, but also as an author of pronounced literary
skill. He has been a frequent contributor to religious publications and
is author of "The Fruit of the Spirit," "The Cities of Refuge," "The
Church Year" (copies of which were graciously accepted by Queen
Mary), and "The Soldiers of the King," a copy of which was accepted
by King George the Fifth, and of a number of articles advocating a
broader church union of Canada, in 1906.
Archdeacon Armitage was married in June, 1886, to Elinor Maria
Ramsay, elder daughter of the late Robert Ramsay, M. D., of Orilla,
Ontario. She is a woman of culture and has long been prominent in
the circles in which she moves. She is vice-president of the Local
Council of Women.
36 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
The Archdeacon is a man of profound education and high intellec-
tual attainments, intensely patriotic, one whose earnestness, industry
and ability are known to everyone in Nova Scotia.
REV. JOHN FORREST, D. D.
The name of Rev. John Forrest recalls the history of Nova
Scotia's foremost institution of learning during a period of thirty
years, during which lie was connected with Dalhousie University, most
of the time as president. The successful development of the same
during the past generation was due largely to his untiring efforts and
capable administration. A man of enlightened views, he has been
eminently practical while liberal in his consideration of the various
propositions which have entered into the scheme of modern education.
His pupils are filling positions of honor and trust in all the walks of
life in this Province and elsewhere. Some who have been prepared
in this great school for prosecution of their studies in higher institu-
tions of learning in a manner which has reflected credit upon all
concerned, while the great majority whose period of tutelage ended
with the completion of courses in the common branches have found
themselves well equipped on entering the University of Life to con-
tinue their progress in a manner which has given an insight into
its lessons enabling them to reach attainments in which they are not
far behind the graduates of many colleges.
Doctor Forrest was born in New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, November
25, 1842; he is of Scottish descent, and a son of the late Alexander
Forrest, M. D., for many years a prominent physician of New Glas-
gow and Halifax.
Our subject was educated in the Presbyterian College at Truro
and Halifax, graduating from the latter institution in 1865. He
received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Queen's University
in 1863, and the honorary degree of Doctor of Civil Law in 1890
from King's College and University, New Brunswick. St. Francis
Xavier College, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, conferred the honorary
degree of Doctor of Laws in 1905.
On December 20, 1871, he was united in marriage with Annie
Prescott Duff, a daughter of Rev. William Duff, of Lunenburg, this
Province. Dr. Forrest was ordained in 1866 and for a number of
years ranked among the foremost divines in the Presbyterian church
in eastern Canada. He was pastor of St. John's church in Halifax
from 1866 to 1 88 1, and he was moderator of the General Assembly
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 37
in 1910. It was in 1881 that he abandoned the pulpit to take up
educational work, becoming professor of history in Dalhousie College
and University, which chair he held until 1885, in which year he was
made president of the institution, the duties of which responsible
position he continued to discharge until his resignation in 1911, or
for a period of three decades. His long retention is sufficient evidence
of his peculiar fitness and satisfactory services. He not only main-
tained the high standard of this old and important institution but
placed it on a higher plane and his presidency marked an epoch of
great prosperity. Being a profound scholar and diligent student he
kept fully abreast of the times, was progressive in his methods and
kept the University under superb system. During the period he also
found time to attend to much other educational work of importance.
Dr. Forrest is vice-president of the loyal branch of the British
Empire League, and he was elected president of the North British
Society of Halifax, and was later elected president of the Nova
Scotia Historical Society. He was vice-president of the Halifax
Archaeological Institute, and a member of the Strathconia Trust Fund
of Nova Scotia. He is a governor and senator of Dalhousie Univer-
sity. He is chairman of the Board of Directors of the School for the
Deaf, having served on the Board for forty years; also a fellow of
the Society of Science of England. He took an active part in promo-
ting a public monument to Hon. Joseph Howe in Halifax, and the
same was accordingly erected on the grounds of the Provincial build-
ings. He was one of the promoters of the Canadian Club of Halifax,
and in 1908 was appointed a member of the joint committee formed
on church union, which he greatly favors. He is an out-spoken and
whole-hearted man loved by every one.
SIR CHARLES FREDERICK FRASER.
Examples that impress force of character on all who study them
are worthy of record, and the mission of a great soul in this world
is one that is calculated to inspire a multitude of others to better and
grander things; so its subsequent influence cannot be measured in
metes and bounds, for it affects the lives of those with whom it comes
in contact, broadening and enriching them for all time to come. By
a few general observations may be conveyed some idea of the useful,
unselfish and unpretentious. career of Sir Charles Frederick Eraser,
who has been superintendent of the School for the Blind in Halifax
for a period of over forty years.
38 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
He was born at Windsor, Nova Scotia, January 4, 1850, one of a
family of fifteen children. He is a son of the late Dr. Benjamin
De Wolfe Fraser, and Elizabeth (Allison) Fraser, the latter a daugh-
ter of the late Hon. Joseph Allison. He is one of the Lovat Erasers.
Both of his grandfathers, the Hon. James Fraser and the Hon. Joseph
Allison, merchants of Halifax, were members of the Nova Scotia
Council of Twelve. His parents were of Scotch and Irish origin,
respectively. His father. Dr. Benjamin D. Eraser, was the "beloved
physician" of the countryside; a man of much force of character, kind
and cheerful, of great skill, adored by the whole community. His
mother, a woman of great executive ability and a strict disciplinarian,
was a woman of many commendable attributes.
At seven years of age an unfortunate accident deprived Dr. C.
Frederick Eraser of the sight of one eye, and soon thereafter the other
became affected with sympathetic inflammation. As a boy he attended
the school of Thomas Curran of Windsor and at sixteen years of age,
his sight having become much impaired, he entered the Perkins School
for the Blind, at Boston, Massachusetts, of which Dr. Samuel G.
Howe, (husband of Julia \Yard Howe) was superintendent and F. G.
Campbell, afterwards Sir Francis Campbell, was one of the principal
teachers. After a successful course at the Perkins Institution Mr.
Fraser became superintendent of the Halifax School for the Blind
in 1873 and has continued as such to the present time. The Univer-
sity of King's College conferred on him the honorary degree of Mas-
ter of Arts in 1884, and Dalhousie University gave him the honorary
degree of Doctor of Laws 1901. He has been twice married, first, in
1891, to Ella J. Hunter of St. John, New Brunswick, a daughter of
the late James Hunter of that city. Her death occurred May 21,
1909. She was a woman of much literary ability and was a frequent
contributor to the press and was the author of "Master Sunshine"
and other stories of an entertaining and instructive character. In
June, 1910, Dr. Fraser was united in marriage to lanie C. R. Stevens,
"Burn Brae," of Brooklyn, Nova Scotia.
For over four decades Dr. Fraser has been the foremost educator
of the blind in eastern Canada, and the school over which he presides
is recognized both on this continent and in Europe as one well
equipped and of a first-class character. For the first nine years during
which he was superintendent of the school the outlook was far from
encouraging. Beginning with nine pupils the number was increased
to fifteen, whereas at this period the legislative support dropped from
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 39
twelve hundred dollars to eight hundred dollars annually. In 1882
Dr. Fraser undertook what he terms the campaign for the free educa-
tion of the blind. Forty-five public meetings were held in different
parts of the Province and resolutions endorsing the movement were
adopted. In the following year the Legislature of Nova Scotia
enacted a law making education free to the blind of this Province.
The same campaign was afterward conducted in New Brunswick,
Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland with eminently satisfactory
results. Having secured free education for the blind Dr. Fraser set
himself to the task of increasing the accommodation of the school,
opening up new fields of occupation for its graduates and securing
the attendance of every blind child of schoolable age in the Maritime
Provinces and Newfoundland. The buildings ;md equipment are
fully abreast of any similar school for the blind in the world and the
attendance of the pupils in proportion to the total population is greater
than that of any other country.
Dr. Fraser established a high-class weekly journal at Halifax,
called The Critic, which enjoyed a wide popularity during its exist-
ence in 1884. He was for some time president of the Halifax Reform
League, and the Nova Scotia Telephone Company, and president
of the Halifax Archaeological Institute. He is a director of the
Eastern Trust Company, and is a member of the executive committee
of the Halifax branch of the British Empire League. He promoted
the Nova Scotia League for the Protection of the Feebleminded in
1908. He was president of the North British Society of Halifax in
1884. Religiously, he is an Anglican.
Among the many laudatory press notices of Dr. Fraser we quote
only one paragraph which appeared some time ago in one of the lead-
ing dailies of this Province: ''In him are found a firm will, phe-
nomenal presence, keen insight, philosophical patience, tenacity of
purpose, tact and skill in planning and controlling and the ability to
grasp the general outlines of any subject and also its endless details;
added to these gifts is a passionate industry, utterly ignorant of
inactivity."
Dr. Fraser was knighted by King George on June 3, 1915, in
recognition of his valuable service to mankind. Referring to the
event, the Halifax Chronicle had the following to say editorially in
its issue of June 3, 1915, under the caption "Worthy Honor:"
"Among the King's birthday honors, none will be received with
greater favor by the people of Nova Scotia and none has been more
4O HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
worthily conferred than the Knighthood which His Majesty has
bestowed upon Dr. C. F. Eraser, superintendent of the School for
the Blind. This honor, which we understand, was directly recom-
mended by His Royal Highness, the Governor-General, is indeed
fitting recognition of Dr. Eraser's long and distinguished service
in behalf of the education of the blind.
"The two objects which Dr. Fraser had in view from the outset
were, first, to secure for the blind of the Maritime Provinces and
Newfoundland, not as a duty but as a right, the benefit of free educa-
tion, and, second, to lengthen and broaden the field of occupation in
which the blind may successfully maintain themselves. That was
his great ambition, and that has been his great success.
"Xot only Nova Scotia but all Canada, may well be proud of the
distinction which our School for the Blind has attained, and Nova
Scotians, we need not say, will be pleased beyond measure at the
honor conferred upon Dr. Fraser at this time, an honor which, has
been honorably earned. Two years ago the House of Assembly, on
the initiation of Dr. C. P. Bissett, M. P. P., for Richmond, conferred
upon Dr. Fraser the signal honor of calling him to the bar of the
House and publicity thanking him for his forty years service, as
superintendent of the School for the Blind in behalf of the education
of those who are deprived of sight. In these expressions of honor,
the people of the Pv- ; nce, through their represntatives, were proud
to have a voice, and .' honor which is now conferred upon Dr.
Fraser by His Majesty, the King, is a worthy compliment to the mark
of recognition at the hands of the people of his native Province.
"We are sure we are voicing the feeling of all Nova Scotians when
we beg to tender Sir Frederick Fraser our warmest congratulations
upon the receipt of an honor which he will wear worthily and well."
CAPT. ALBERT LAWRENCE.
A seafaring life appeals to a large number of the people of Nova
Scotia, and those who "go down to the sea in ships" are many. This
is necessary for the principal business of the people of the Maritime
Provinces has to do in one way or another with the sea-fishing or
exporting lumber or carrying a general commerce to and from the
ports of the world everywhere. So both necessity and choice have
made our people sailors, and no better are to be found in any country.
Capt. Albert Lawrence of Hantsport, Hants County, is one of this
vast number.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 41
Captain Lawrence was born in the above named town and county,
on September 5, 1854. He is a son of Frank and Mary Ann (Bar-
ren) Lawrence, the father a native of Gaspereaux, Nova Scotia, and
the mother was born in St. John, New Brunswick. Henry Lawrence,
grandfather, was a native of Falmouth, Nova Scotia. His wife,
Elizabeth Earl, also of Falmouth, was a representative of a family
that came to this country from the United States in an early day.
Henry Lawrence, Sr., the great grandfather of our subject, born in
England, learned the bricklayer's trade in his native land, but, becom-
ing discontented with life there, ran away before he had completed
his apprenticeship, which was to have been seven years in duration.
He joined the British navy, and when his ship reached Halifax, he-
was given his discharge papers. There he decided to remain, and he-
soon began working at his trade, and there he married Judith Watson,
of Tracadie. He built Fort Lawrence near Amherst, the fort being
named in his honor. He spent the latter years of his life at Upper
Falmouth, near Windsor. His family consisted of the following chil-
dren : Henry, Frank, James, John, Robert, Margaret, Lydia, Mary,
and Sarah.
Henry Lawrence, Jr., the grandfather of our subject, was married
at Falmouth, from which place he removed to Gaspereaux, where he
spent a few years, engaging in farming, later removing to Hants-
port, where he spent the rest of his life, dying at the advanced age
of eighty-four. Frank Lawrence, his second son, was the father of
our subject, and he continued to reside at home until his marriage.
When a young man he learned the trade of millwright, and was long
employed by Ezra Churchill & Sons at Tennicape near Walton. Nova
Scotia, in which vicinity a large lumber business was carried on in
those days. He died at the age of forty-nine years. His family con-
sisted of nine children, named as follows : Augusta married Alex-
ander Pierce of Boston, Massachusetts; Alida, widow of the late
Lorenzo Mitchener, lives in Hantsport; James died at the age of
fifty-two years; Charlie is a sea captain and lives in Hantsport; Harry,
who was also a sea captain, is deceased ; Robert, a sea captain, lives
in Hantsport; Albert, subject of this sketch; Lilly is deceased; and
Clara, the youngest, is also deceased.
The following children were born to Henry Lawrence, grand-
father of the subject of this review : Joseph, who engaged in farming,
is deceased; Frank, father of our subject; John, who engaged in
mining,- died in Nevada ; James, a sea captain, was lost from over-
42 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
board his ship off the Irish coast ; Robert, who was engaged in mining,
died in Sydney, New South Wales ; Sarah, deceased ; Lydia, deceased ;
Mary, deceased; Phoebe is the widow of William L. Davison; and
Rebecca, deceased.
Capt. Albert Lawrence of this review, went to sea when thirteen
years of age, after spending his early boyhood in Hantsport. He
continued sailing the Atlantic during the summer months and spent
a number of winters at home studying navigation, and he passed
through the positions of second mate and mate, and received his
captain's papers in 1877, after which he took command of the
barquentine Fahitouth, when only twenty-two years of age, and he has
continued going to sea, with now and then a vacation, until the pres-
ent time, his latter life being spent in deep water sailing. Practically
all his trips have been in the interest of foreign trade. In 1882 he
commanded the barque Bristol, owned by Ezra Churchill & Sons, a
vessel of thirteen hundred and twenty tons. He commanded this ves-
sel for over twenty years. For years his wife and family accom-
panied him, and during that long period he met with no serious acci-
dents. Later he commanded several other ships. At Christmas,
1913. he was in command of the schooner Lord of Aron, which vessel
became waterlogged and was taken off her the day after Christmas
by an American schooner and taken into Mobile, Alabama.
Captain Lawrence was married June \2, 1881, to Lottie Strom-
berg of Cape John, Pictou County, a daughter of Charles and Mary
( McKenzie ) Stromberg, the father a native of Cape John, Xova Sco-
tia, and the mother of Cromarty, Inverness, Scotland. J. Stromberg,
the grandfather, was a native of Stockholm, Sweden, from
which country he came to Cape John, Nova Scotia. Mrs. Lawrence
is a cousin of Nathaniel Stromberg of Charlottetown, Prince Edward
Island, the father of John Stromberg, deceased, who had made a repu-
tation as a composer of popular music, composing the music for many
of the comic operas produced by \Vebber & Fields of New York.
The Captain and wife are the parents of the following children:
Charles Stromberg died in 1905 ; Gladys, who was graduated from
Dalhousie University with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, is now
engaged in teaching at the Academy at Truro ; Charlotte Phylis is the
wife of Arthur De Witt Foster, member of Parliament, who lives
at Kentville; LeRoy Litchfield, who was graduated from Dalhousie
University, is at present (1916) principal of Hantsport school.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 43
REV. THOMAS WESLEY POWELL, D. D.
To rescue, preserve and perpetuate was the mission of the ancient
Chronicles, and this is the province of history; and equally so of
biographic narrative. ''Man's sociality of nature," says Carlyle,
"evinces itself, in spite of all that can be said, with abundant evidence
by this one fact, were there no other ; the unspeakable delight he takes
in biography." So when a man like Dr. Thomas Wesley Powell,
formerly a noted divine and educator of Xova Scotia, and now rector
of Holy Trinity church, Toronto, has reached the high position which
he has attained, it is meet that something of his individuality be set
forth.
Dr. Powell was born at Thornbury, Grey County, Ontario, March
17, 1868. He is a son of Francis Cox Powell and Elizabeth (Rich-
mond) Powell. The father \vas a well known Ontario educationist,
and for many years was head-master of Kincardine Model School,
and he transmtited to his son, our subject, special gifts of teaching.
He was a man of brilliant intellectual attainments and the possessor
of many admirable attributes of character. Doctor Powell is a
descendant of old United Empire Loyalist stock on his mother's side.
Dr. Thomas W. Powell received his early education in the Port
Elgin common schools, Kincardine public school, and Kincardine
high school, later attending Toronto Church School, and Trinity Col-
lege, at Toronto. He received the degree of Licentiate in Theology in
1904, Bachelor of Arts in 1906, and Master of Arts in 1907. He
received the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity from Trinity
University, Toronto, in 1912, and in that year the same degree was
given him by Aberdeen University, and also in 1912 the honorary
degree of Doctor of Civil Laws was conferred on him by King's Col-
lege, Windsor, Xova Scotia.
Dr. Powell was assistant rector at York Mills, Ontario and became
rector of St. Clement's church, Eglinton. in 1900. He was the
founder of St. Clement's College for Boys in 1909. He was presi-
dent of the University of King's College, Windsor, Xova Scotia, in
1910. He has for years been editor of "The Teachers' Assist-
ant, and the Sundav School Institute Quarterly. He was prolocutor
of the General Synod of the Church of England in Canada in 1911
and again in 1915. He was canon of All Saints Cathedral, Halifax;
became rector of Holy Trinity Church at Toronto in 1915, and is
of St. Alban's Cathedral, Toronto at this writing.
44
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Dr. Powell has served on many important business and educa-
tional committees in the Church of England in Canada, and is looked
upon as an expert in Sunday School matters. He has been a member
of Trinity Corporation and also of the senate of Trinity University.
He has discharged his duties in an able, conscientious, faithful and
praiseworthy manner in all positions of trust and responsibility, and
he is today regarded as one of the strongest men in the Church of
England in the Dominion. Politically he is independent, casting
his ballot for the man rather than the party. Fraternally he belongs
to the Canadian Order of Foresters, the Independent Order of For-
esters, and is a life member of St. George's Society.
Dr. Powell was married on August 15, 1894, to Blanche Weston,
a lady of high culture, and a daughter of Charles Williams Weston
and wife. This union has been blessed by the birth of four children,
namely : Helen Katharine, Francis Clement, Auta Blanche Richmond,
and Dorothy Gertrude.
REV. FENWICK WILLIAMS VROOM, D. D.
It was a maxim of the Egoists, who were uncertain of everything,
that "each one sumbit to a record of himself, for his self's sake, but
especially for his friends." Thus is biography important, and it
affords the historian in the present instance pleasure to set forth appro-
priately, but succinctly, and, we hope, accurately, the life record of
Rev. Fenwick Williams Vroom, D. D., who, owing to the high posi-
tion he has gained as a churchman in Nova Scotia, is entitled to
specific mention in these pages.
Dr. Vroom, who is a descendant of a Dutch Loyalist family, which
came from New Jersey and settled in Clements, Nova Scotia, in 1 783,
was born in St. Stephen, New Brunswick, July 25, 1856, and is a son
of William and Frances Eliza (Foster) Vroom. He prepared for
college in private schools at home, and matriculated at King's Col-
lege, Windsor, Nova Scotia, in June, 1876. He was Almon-Wels-
ford prize-man and Stevenson scholar in 1877, McCawley classical
scholar in 1880, McCawley Hebrew prize-man in 1881. He received
the degree of Bachelor of Arts with classical honors in 1880, Master
of Arts in 1883, Bachelor of Divinity in 1890, and subsequently the
degree of Doctor of Divinity in 1901, being the first to pass the
examinations required under the canon of the Provincial Synod of
Canada. He received the honorary degree of Doctor of Civil Law
from Bishop's College, Lennoxville, in 1903.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 45
The subject of this sketch was ordained deacon in 1881, and priest
in 1882 by Dr. Medley, Bishop of Fredericton. He was appointed
curate at Peticodiac, New Brunswick, in 1881; rector of Richmond,
in the same Province, in 1882; rector of Shediac, in 1885, and was
made professor of Divinity at King's College, in 1888, and canon of
the Cathedral, by Dr. Courtney, Bishop of Nova Scotia, in 1895. He
is not only a prominent clergyman but a noted educator, a lucid, earn-
est and forceful speaker and a versatile writer. For a number of
years he has filled the office of Librarian of the College, and there
is no one else who possesses the same knowledge of the unique treas-
ures of this rare old library, or who takes such delight in showing
them to appreciative visitors.
Dr. Vroom was married in 1885 to Agnes Jessie Campbell, a
daughter of the Hon. Colin Campbell of Weymouth, Nova Scotia.
To this union one child, a daughter, has been born, Mary Gertrude
Vroom.
Dr. Vroom has written a number of reviews and other articles
from time to time, which have been widely commented on, and he pub-
lished "Lectures on Prayer Book Revision" in 1915. He has been
a member of the Provincial Synod of Canada since 1892, and is also
of the General Synod of the Church of Kn gland in Canada.
CLARA CHURCHILL PULLEN.
The town of Falmouth, Nova Scotia, has never known a more
estimable lady than Clara Churchill Pullen, whose friends were ever
legion and who from childhood sought to l>e of service to others.
She was born at Hantsport, Nova Scotia, April 6, 1858, a daughter
of George Washington Churchill and Susanna (Davison) Churchill,
a highly respected old family of Hantsport. She grew to womanhood
in her native community and received her education in the Hants-
port high school and then attended Ladies College at Sackville, New
Brunswick, and became highly educated. On November 23, 1876, she
was united in marriage to Capt. Henry Watson Lawrence, a son of
Frank and Mary Ann Lawrence of Hantsport. He was a successful
captain and sailed in ships owned by Ezra Churchill & Sons, the
famous Hantsport firm, for many years, being one of their most
trusted employees. He was a member of the Masonic Lodge. His
death occurred at Dansville, New York, in 1885. His wife joined the
Baptist church when young in years, continuing an active and faith-
46 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
ful member of the same. To the captain and wife the following chil-
dren were born: Susie, born February 5, 1879, died June 29, 1881;
Ethel Joy, born March 15, 1881 ; Norah, born April 30, 1883, married
Albert Armstrong, inspector of fruit, and a son of Mr. and Mrs.
Lewis Armstrong of Falmouth, and to their union two children have
been born Laurence Churchill and Harry Bertram. Harry
Churchill, born April 14, 1885, married Gladys Constance Chisholm,
a daughter of G. R. Chisholm and wife of Pictou. Mr. Chisholm
has since moved to Saskatoon, Canada, where he is manager of the
branch of the Royal Bank of Canada.
Our subject was married again, October 6, 1888, to James Henry
Pullen, son of James C. and Mary Ann Pullen of Barnard, Maine.
He has interested himself in farming for a number of years, owning
farms at Falmouth, Mt. Denson and Hantsport, his land being devoted
principally to apple and hay culture, and has been very successful.
To this second union two children have teen born, namely: Helen,
whose birth occurred November 4, 1889, married Dr. G. Mack Geldert
of the Protestant Hospital, Ottawa, and a son of Mr. and Mrs. G. D.
Geldert, of Windsor, Nova Scotia, and to this union one child has
been born Gerald Mackinlay. Clara, youngest of our subject's
children, was torn June 2*5, 1904.
CHARLES ESMOND YOUNG.
One of the best remembered and most highly respected citizens
of Hants County in a past generation, who, after a successful and
honorable career as farmer and fruit grower, has taken up his journey
to that mystic clime, Shakespeare's "undiscovered bourne, from
whence no traveler e'er returns," leaving behind him a heritage of
which his descendants may well be proud an untarnished name
was the late Charles Esmond Young of Falmouth. He was a scion
of one of the honored old families of Nova Scotia and he endeavored
to keep unsullied the good reputation of his ancestors.
Mr. Young was born at Falmouth in 1841. He was a son of
Elkanah Young and Charlotte Spurr of Annapolis. The father was
also a native of Falmouth, this Province, and a grandson of William
Young, Thomas Young, the great grandfather, was a sea captain of
Cape Cod, Massachusetts. He owned his own ship, and he came
to Nova Scotia among the first settlers. He built a vessel of seventy
tons, in the woods, three miles from the water, and he did not ask
any one to assist him in getting her to the water, but spread the news
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 47
abroad regarding the time he intended to launch her. Ox teams and
men came from all directions to help and she was drawn down to the
shore in one day. The feat was long talked of in that neighborhood.
The Youngs have been prominent in public affairs in the various
parts of Nova Scotia, where they have dispersed. Both the grand-
father and father of our subject were memljers of the Provincial
Parliament and were influential men in their times. The great grand-
father was engaged in shipping, ship building and merchandising.
Charles E. Young grew to manhood on the home farm at Fal-
mouth and he received his education in the public schools there and
at Horton. He spent his life in his native vicinity and devoted his
time to general farming and fruit growing, prospering with advanc-
ing years as a result of good management and close application until
he became one of the most prosperous men in his community, owning
a number of valuable and productive farms, which he kept well
improved ; also owned a number of good orchards, which he planted,
and for years engaged in the fruit business. He left quite a large
estate where his widow still resides.
Mr. Young was married in 1870, to Elizabeth Harding of St.
John, New -Brunswick, where her people have long been prominent,
and where she grew to womanhood and was educated. To this
union three children were born, all of whom died in early life.
The death of Mr. Young occurred in 1911.
Mr. Young's estate is being looked after by the executors and
Mary H. Calder. Her grandfather was a Scotchman, who came to
Nova Scotia, in an early day and was engaged in the milling busi-
ness at Douglas, and he married Honore Smith, daughter of Francis
Smith, of Dartmouth.
EZRA CHURCHILL.
The name of Ezra Churchill has long been one of the best known
in industrial circles in Nova Scotia. It has stood for progress and
fair dealing and has been honored as becomes a worthy representative
of the fine old family from which he sprung.
Mr. Churchill was born at Hantsport, Nova Scotia, August 31,
1862. He is a son of George Churchill. He spent his boyhood in
Hantsport and after his school days he became associated in business
with his father.
He was married in 1891 to Mary Woolaver of Walton, Nova
Scotia, a daughter of Howard and Frances (Malcom) Woolaver, both
48 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
natives of Nova Scotia, the father born in Newport and the mother
in Kent. Thomas Woolaver the grandfather, was also a native of
Newport. Her ancestors came from Pennsylvania and were among
the very earliest settlers in Newport. The following children have
been born to Mr. and Mrs. Churchill : Valentyne married Lieutenant
R. S. Parsons; Alfred is at present a lieutenant with the Nova Scotia
Fortieth Battalion; George, who is a highly skilled mechanical
engineer, living in Amherst, is a lieutenant in the Sixty-third Rifles;
Windston is attending King's College School at Windsor; Frances is
at Edgehill School, Windsor.
THOMAS CHANDLER HALIBURTON.
The father of American humor and one of the foremost literary
men Canada has ever produced was Thomas Chandler Haliburton,
who did much to give the Dominion a' distinctive literature of its
own, and he is being more fully appreciated as the years go by. His
work shows talent of a very high order.
Mr. Haliburton was born at Windsor, Nova Scotia, in Decem-
ber, 1796, and there received the primary portion of his education.
He there attended the University of King's College, and graduated
with high honors in 1824. At an early period of his college course
be showed a decided taste for literary pursuits, and took many prizes,
among them the English essay prize, which he succeeded in wresting
from the expectant grasp of several able competitors. On leaving
college he turned his attention to law. entered the legal profession
and practiced at Annapolis, where he had a large and lucrative
clientage. He then, at the earnest solicitation of friends, entered the
Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia, as a member for the county
of Annapolis, and here his fine intellect and good debating powers
soon gave him a leading position. As an orator he is said to have
been "earnest, impressive and dignified, though he often showed a
strong propensity for wit and humor." In 1828 he was appointed
Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, and discharged the
duties of his position with great ability until 1840, when he was
transferred to the Supreme Court. In February, 1856, he resigned
his office, left his native land, and found a home in England, where
he spent the remainder of his days.
At the general elections in 1859 he entered the Imperial Parlia-
ment as a member for Lancaster. Here he joined in some of the de-
bates, but parliamentary life appears to have become irksome to him,
THOMAS CHANDLER HALIHritTOX,
"Sam Slick,"
Author and Jurist.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 49
his greatest pleasure being derived from advancing the interests of
the village of Isleworth, where he lived, by aiding the philanthropic
projects of its inhabitants, and contributing to its charitable institu-
tions; and it was there he died on August 27, 1865.
Haliburton first became known as an author in 1829, when he
published "An Historical and Statistical Account of Nova Scotia.''
This work is said to be written with "clearness, spirit, accuracy and
impartiality," and is at the present day regarded as a standard work.
So much was thought of it that the House of Assembly in Xova
Scotia tendered the author a vote of thanks which he received when
in his place in Parliament. In 1834 he published "Kentucky," a tale.
In 1837 the first series of "The Clock Maker, or Sayings and Doings
of Sam Slick of Slickville," came before the public, which was fol-
io-wed by the second and third series in 1838 and 1840. It was in
order to preserve some anecdotes and stories, which were too good
to be lost, and were in danger of passing into oblivion that Hali-
burton wrote, anonymously, a series of articles for the Xot'a Section,
speaking through the public through the medium of a Yankee ped-
lar. These papers were a great success, and appeared as a collection
under the foregoing title, and as a work on common sense it is
doubtful if it has its equal. It has been re-published in England and
the United States and translated into foreign languages. In 1839
he published "The Letter-Bag of the Great Westerner, or Life in a
Steamer," after which followed "The Bubbles of Canada." "A Reply
to the Report of Lord Dufferin," "Traits of American Humor,"
"Sam Slick's Wise Saws and Modern Instances," "The Old Judge,
or Life in a Colony," "The Attache, or Sam Slick in England,"
"The Americans at Home," "Rule and Misrule of the English in
America," "Yankee Stories and Yankee Letters," "The Sayings and
Doings of Sam Slick, Esq., with his Opinion on Matrimony," "Sam
Slick in Search for a Wife," "Nature and Human Nature." Two of
his speeches have also been published, one on "Resources and Pros-
pects of British North America," in 1857, and the other "On the Re-
peal of the Differential Duties on Foreign and Colonial Wool." Critics
say, "although a man of mark in other departments of literature,
Haliburton is best known as a humorist." His "History of Nova
Scotia" will bear comparison with any works of a similar kind that)
have appeared in America, but it is to Sam Slick that he owes his
fame. The revelations and remarks of the Yankee pedlar are val-
(4)
5O HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
uable, no less for their shrewdness and sound sense than for their
raciness and humor, their sarcasm and laughable exaggerations.
Haliburton is indeed more than a humorist; and his productions will
be read with profit by others than his countrymen. As a story-teller
he is inimitable, and the quaint dialect in which his yarns are
couched increases the comic effect of his utterances. Sam Slick has
an individuality that insures for him a place among the best known
characters of fiction.
KLISHA CALKINS CHURCH.
Among the men who have been instrumental in advancing the
agricultural interests of the vicinity of Falmouth, Hants County is
Elisha Calkins Church. Time and prolific enterprises have wrought
wondrous changes in that locality since be first saw the light of day
there three score and ten years ago, and his activities have benefited
alike himself and the general public.
Air. Church was born at Falmouth, Nova Scotia, in September,
1845, an( J there he grew to manhood and has continued to reside.
His family were among the early settlers in that locality, and he is
a son of William C". and Mary (Young) Church, the father dying
in 1888 at the age of seventy- four, and the mother died in 1896, age
eighty. The Churches were originally Quakers, but coming from the
States to Nova Scotia they found few people of that denomination
and their descendants allied themselves with other churches, some
joining the Congregationalists, others the Episcopalians and Baptists.
Edward Church, the grandfather, was born at Horton, this Province,
and he married Fliza Calkins of that place. Constant Church, the
great-grandfather, was a native of Rhode Island. The great-great-
grandfather married a Miss Woodworth and had several sons, some
of whom remained in the state of Rhode Island, but his son, Constant,
came to Nova Scotia, being accompanied by his father, who was at
that time advanced in years. This was in 1761. He received a
grant of land, which had been owned by the Acadians, previous to
their expulsion/in 1758. The original property which was granted
to Mr. Church, is now owned by Albert Armstrong. The immigrant
members of this old family followed farming there, and his son,
William Church, father of the subject of this sketch, received a por-
tion of the original grant on which he continued to reside for a num-
ber of years, then sold out and bought the present property from his
brother-in-law, George Young. He had a family of one son and
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 5!
three daughters, namely : Olivia, who is now Mrs. A. H. Johnston of
Wolfville; Louisa is now Mrs. Shannon Morse of Annapolis; Clara
is the wife of Arthur Elderkin of Falmouth; and Elisha C. of this
sketch.
Our subject grew to manhood on the homestead where he worked
when a toy, and he received his education in the common schools and
at Wolfville. He continued to reside on the home place, which he
has always kept under good improvements, carrying on general farm-
ing and orcharding, having a ten-acre orchard of standard trees. One
hundred acres are dyked marsh and very valuable meadow land. He
is one of the successful farmers of Hants County.
Elisha C. Church was married in October, 1881, to Emily Fitch,
a member of one of the old families of Horton. Xova Scotia, where
she grew to womanhood and received her education. To their union
two children were born Frances A., now Mrs. Illsley of Falmouth;
and Karl W., who was born in 1885 on the home place where he
grew to manhood and continued to reside. He married Marion Corn-
wall, a daughter of Rev. S. H. Cornwall, and lives on an adjoining
farm on which he has erected several glass greenhouses. He has
three children, namely: Charles V., Ina, and Lucile.
GEORGE EDWARD BURPEE SHAW.
How to use and not abuse the natural resources of the soil is the
most important problem which faces the farmer of today one
worthy of the best efforts of our profound and learned scientists,
for upon its solution depends the future prosperity of the nation.
One of the alert and wide-awake agriculturists and orchardists of
Hants County, Nova Scotia, is George Edward Burpee Shaw, of
Falmouth, near which place he was born, April 29, 1845. He is a
son of William and Irene (Fitch) Shaw, the father a native of the
same vicinity in which our subject was born, and the mother was a
native of Canaan, Kings County. Peter Shaw, the grandfather, was
also born at Falmouth, where this family has been well and favor-
ably known since pioneer days. Peter Shaw, the great grandfather,
came to Nova Scotia from Rhode Island, having been an original
grantee in the Falmouth district, where he engaged in farming. The
grandfather continued there on the original farm, and he died there
when his son William, father of our subject, was eighteen years of
age, and he took chrage of the place, which he continued to operate
the rest of his life, being a good farmer and public-spirited citizen.
Ij2 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
taking an interest in local affairs. Following were his children:
Andrew, who spent a few years in New York returned to Falmouth
where he spent the balance of his life, being now deceased; Mary mar-
ried John O. Pineo of Kings County, and they are both now deceased;
Frederick Fitch, who went to Australia in the fifties, during the gold
rush, later made a trip home ; Henry was a physician in Kentville
for many years, but is now deceased; Nancy is now the widow of
Dr. McAllister, a dentist, and she makes her home in Boston, Massa-
chusetts; Jane Burbridge is the widow of Pierson C. Royce.
George E. B. Shaw passed his boyhood on the old home place
where he assisted with the general farm work and he received his edu-
cation in the district schools. He has continued to reside on the
home farm, which he has kept well improved and well cultivated.
His place consists of one hundred and sixty acres, a part of which
is in orchard, a portion being dyke land and some woodland.
Mr. Shaw was married in 1868 to Lucy Royce, a native of New
York and a sister of Pierson C. Royce, who was for many years a
cotton broker in New York City. The maternal grandfather of the
subject of this sketch was one of the original grantees of the Fal-
mouth district. The original Fitch immigrant came to Hants County
from Stonington, Rhode Island, in 1760. Elizabeth Sheffield, the
maternal grandmother, was a native of Cornwallis, Kings County.
A grand uncle named Gideon settled in the state of Maine.
The following children have been born to our subject and wife:
Pierson W. lives in Calgary, Manitoba; Amelia Royce is the wife of
Leverett Fuller, of Avonport. Kings County, Nova Scotia, and they
have two children Mary Shaw Fuller, and G. E. Burpee Fuller.
Politically, Mr. Shaw is a Liberal.
EDWARD BENJAMIN CHURCH.
One of the better class of farmers of Hants County is Edward
Benjamin Church, a man who uses more brain than brawn in oper-
ating his place. He has been successful both as a general farmer and
stock raiser. The reason that he has been able to succeed in whatever
he has turned his attention to is because he plans well, is energetic in
the execution of his plans, "preparedness" being his motto, in other
words, he first decides that he is right, then goes ahead.
Mr. Church, who is a descendant of a prominent old English fam-
ily, was born at Falmouth, Nova Scotia, January 18, 1884. He is a
son of Constant and Clara (Smith) Church. The father was born
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 53
at Falmouth, in 1845 ar >d died September 7, 1908. The mother was
born at Brookfield, Queens County. She is a daughter of Steven
Smith and wife of that county. He is a grandson of Thomas and
Mary (Smith) Church. A history of the Smith family will be
found in the sketch of DeWolf Smith, appearing on another page of
this work. Constant Church, the grandfather, was a native of Rhode
Island. His father, Constant Church, Sr., whose will was dated,
March 29, 1821, bequeathed his property to his sons, Constant and
Edward. The Church family were long prominent in England, espe-
cially in Essex, prior to coming to America. In the "Visitation of
Essex," 1612, appears the description of the Church cunt-of-arms, as
follows : "Coat-of-arms granted to Bartholomew Church, gentle-
man servant to John de Vere, first Earl of Oxford, in 31 yere of King
Henry VIII (1540). Arms Gules a feso or, in chief three doxter
ganuthts appanmiese proper. Crest An army emlxnved in armour
proper, holding a staff or."
Richard Church came from England with Governor Winthrop in
1630. He married a daughter of Richard Warren, who came over in
the Mayflower, and was the father of Col. Benjamin Church. Edward
Church was second lieutenant, of the Eirst Battalion of Hants Militia,
commanded by Sir John Wentworth, Baronet, L. L. D. Thomas
Church, our subject's grandfather, was a great friend of the late Hon.
Joseph G. Howe. He took an active part in public affairs, but could
not support Howe in his last days.
Constant Church, father of the subject of this sketch, grew to
manhood on the home farm at Falmouth, Nova Scotia and received
his education in the public schools there, and at Mt. Allison Univer-
sity. He continued to live on the original grant until in the eighties,
when he sold the property to Dr. J. B. Black, the place now being
owned by Louis Armstrong, and bought from his uncle Edward, and
it is still in the possession of his son. It is a large farm and dyke
land. Constant Church took an active interest in public affairs until
his health failed. He was one of the successful farmers of his county.
His family consisted of the following children : Thomas now lives
in Montreal; Mary is the wife of Harley L. Dodge of Saskatoon;
Carrie is the wife of Benjamin D. F. Payzant of Falmouth; and
Edward Benjamin of this sketch.
The subject of this review spent his boyhood on the home farm and
received his education in the public schools and at Acacia Villa, at
Horton. He has devoted his life successfully to general farming and
54
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
has a well improved farm on which stand a good set of buildings.
He was married on September 12, 1911, to Jean Miller, of Newport,
Hants County. She is a daughter of H. H. Miller and wife of that
place. To our subject and wife one child, Constant Howard, was
born, who died in infancy.
Politically, Mr. Church is a Liberal. Fraternally, he is a member
of the Masonic order. He belongs to the Methodist church.
ROBERT BURNLEY HUME ROBERTSON.
Unbiased observation by a fair minded person must necessarily
lead to the conclusion that barristers stand, as a class of men, as high
for right living, honestly and fair dealing, as any other engaged in
active business affairs. This is no doubt, in some measure accounted
for by their general intelligence, for ignorance is said to be, and is,
the mother of vice. Robert Burnley Hume Robertson of Bridge-
water, Lunenburg County, is a young barrister whose personal and
professional life so far have been above idle cavil, and he lends
dignity to his profession.
Mr. Robertson was born December 8, 1884, at Barrington Pass-
age, Shelburne County. Nova Scotia. He is a son of Thomas and
Josephine Hume (Allen) Roljertson. The father was born at Bar-
rington Passage, September 13, 1852, and the mother was born at
Lockport, this Province, February 5. 1854. William Robertson, the
paternal great grandfather, was born at Renfrew, Scotland, from
which country he immigrated to New York, and in 1785 came on to
Shelburne, Nova Scotia. He was a United Empire Loyalist. Robert
Robertson, the paternal grandfather, represented Shelburne County
in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1858 to 1878, and he
was commissioner of Works and Mines from 1868 to 1878. Thomas
Robertson was a member of Parliament from Shelburne County in the
House of Commons from 1878 to 1887, and he was a member of
the House of Assembly, Nova Scotia, from 1891 to 1902, and was
Speaker of the House in 1902. He was the original promoter of the
Halifax & Southwestern Railroad, and was president of the Coast
Railway Company for several years. James Glen Allan, the maternal
grandfather, was born at Edinburgh, Scotland, from which city he
came to New York, but subsequently settled in Shelburne, finally
locating in Lockport, Nova Scotia, He was a West India merchant
for many years while living at Lockport. He was a nephew of Joseph
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 55
Hume, member of Parliament from Montrose, Scotland, and formerly
was Commissary General for the British Army in India.
Our subject has two brothers, Wishart McLea Robertson and
James Glen Allan Robertson.
Robert B. H. Robertson received his early schooling in the public
schools at Barrington Passage, later attending Yarmouth Academy,
then entered Dalhousie University, at Halifax, from which he was
graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1907, after which
he continued his studies there in the law department, from which he
was graduated in 1911 with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. He
was admitted to the Nova Scotia bar in October, 1911, and he began
the practice of his profession at Liverpool, Queens County, in Janu-
ary, 1912. In March, 1914, he was admitted to the firm of Paton &
Robertson at Bridgewater, Lunenburg County, where he is still engaged
in the practice and is making an excellent record at the local bar.
Mr. Robertson was married April 19, 1914, to Olive M. Stairs
of Halifax, a daughter of Kdward Stairs and Isabella (Scott) Stairs
of Halifax, in which city Mrs. Robertson grew to womanhood and
was educated.
Politically, Mr. Robertson is a Liberal, lie was secretary of the
Liberal Association of Shelburne-Oueens Counties from 1911 to 1914,
r.nd he has held a similar position since 1914 with the Liberal Asso-
ciation of Lunenburg County. He is a member of the Presbyterian
church.
HON. GEORGE G EDDIE PATTERSON.
ludge George Geddie Patterson, of New Glasgow, was born at
Green Hill, Pictou County, Nova Scotia, June 16, 1864. He is a son
of the late Rev. George P. Patterson, D. D., LL. D., F. R. S. C, the
distinguished historian. The mother of our subject was known in her
maidenhood as Margaret McDonald.
Tudge Patterson grew to manhood in his native county, and
received his early education in the public schools and the high school
of New Glasgow, later he attended Dalhousie University, in which
institution he first took the arts course, then the law course, receiving
the degree of Bachelor or Arts in 1882, Master of Arts in 1887, and
Bachelor of Laws in 1889.
In June, 1909, he was united in marriage to Margaret Dow, a
daughter of the late Stephen Finck of Lunenburg, Nova Scotia,
where Airs. Patterson spent her girlhood and was educated.
c6 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
After being admitted to the bar in 1889, Mr. Patterson began the
practice of his profession in New Glasgow, and soon took his posi-
tion in the front ranks of his professional brethren in this Province
and built up a large and lucrative practice. He is one of the lec-
turers in the law department at Dalhousie University. He was
successively councillor, a member of the School Commissioners, rec-
order and stipendary magistrate, at New Glasgow. He sat for Pic-
tou County's (Local) Liberal interest, from 1901 to 1906. He was
a member of the Provincial government for a short period, and was
appointed judge of the County Court, District No. 5, of Nova Scotia,
in January, 1907, and is still incumbent of this office. As a public
servant he has discharged his duties faithfully, conscientiously, fairly
and honorably and has won and retained the confidence and esteem
if all concerned.
Religiously he is a Presbyterian. He belongs to the City Club
of Halifax, the Scotia Club of New Glasgow, and the Marshland
Club of Amherst.
HON. DUNCAN F1NLAYSON.
In a brief sketch of any living citizen it is difficult to do him exact
and impartial justice, not so much for lack of space or words to set
forth the familiar and passing events of his personal history, as for
want of perfect and rounded conception of his whole life, which
grows, develops and ripens, like fruit, to disclose its true and best
flavor only when it is mellowed by time. There are, however, a
number of elements in the life record of Hon. Duncan Finlayson, well
known and successful barrister of Arichat, Cape Breton, that even
now serve as examples well worthy of emulation.
Mr. Finlayson was born at Grand River, Nova Scotia, September
12, 1867. He is of Scottish extraction, and a son of Donald and
Annabella (Murchison) Finlayson. He received his early education
in the public schools and the Sydney Academy, later entering Dal-
housie University, Halifax, where he made an excellent record, and
was graduated in 1893 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and in
1895 he was granted the degree of Bachelor of Laws, having com-
pleted both the arts and law courses. Soon after his admission to
the bar he began the practice of his profession at Arichat, where he
at once took a position in the front ranks of the bar of Cape Breton,
and he has enjoyed a large and lucrative practice. He has remained
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 57
a student and has kept fully abreast of the times in all that pertains
to his profession.
Mr. Finlayson was married in December, 1905, to Ethel Maud
Bullam, a daughter of the late William G. Bullam and wife, a
highly respected family of Arichat, Richmond County, this Province,
where Mrs. Finlayson grew to womanhood and received her early
education.
Taking an abiding interest in public affairs, Mr. Finlayson has
been very much in the public eye since beginning the practice of
law in 1895. He was solicitor of the municipality of Richmond, Xova
Scotia, from 1896 to 1904. He sat for the Richmond, local, Liberal
interests from 1897 to 1904, and for the same constituency from 1904
to 1908. He was appointed judge of the County Court, District
No. 7, Nova Scotia, on November 13, 1908, also appointed surrogate
judge in Admiralty for the Island of Cape Breton, on the iith clay
of April, 1911, which positions he still holds. As a public servant
he has given eminent satisfaction. His decisions are marked by
soundness of judgment, a clear comprehension of the principles of
jurisprudence and with a spirit of fairness.
He is a member of the Presbyterian church, also belongs to the
Royal Cape Breton Yacht Club.
BENJAMIN D. F. PAYZANT.
There is a recess in every man's brain that answers to the call
of the wilderness, a heritage of prehistoric origin which will be with
us always. If given the opportunity, it will respond at once to nature's
beauty and depth. What is more natural than man's love for the
conditions and environment that gave him food and shelter, enabling
him to live during the dawn of his existence^ Thus it is easy to
understand why many of us prefer the country and life on the farm
to that of the city. Benjamin D. F. Payzant, of Falmouth, Hants
County, is one of our citizens who prefers rural scenes to the metropo-
lis. For generations his family have been tillers of the soil, for the
most part. The older members knew what it was to fight the wilder-
ness in order to live, but this they did courageously and successfully,
and never complained that their lot was hard.
Mr. Payzant, of this sketch, was born on January 6, 1881, in the
vicinity of Falmouth, Hants County, and there grew to manhood
and received his education in the public schools and Acadia. He
eg HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
has devoted his life to general farming and is living on the old home-
stead, the original grant which was made to his ancestors in pioneer
days. The farm is highly improved with good buildings and all mod-
ern conveniences.
Mr. Payzant is of Huguenot descent. He is a son of John M.
and Emma (Scott) Payzant, and a grandson of Elias and Rachael
(Smith) Payzant, both cousins of John Y. Payzant, a son of Peter
and Catherine (Smith) Payzant. Our subject's brothers and sisters
are: Laura Maude, Annie Teressa is the wife of Robert Howard,
Elias Richard Payzant is a dentist, Godfrey Philip Payzant is also
a dentist and is a major in the militia.
Benjamin I). F. Payzant married Carrie Gertrude Church, on
lune 6. 191 i, and to this union two children have been bom, namely:
Emma Church Payzant, and John Marshall Payzant.
Politically, Mr. Payzant is a Liberal.
S. A. CHESLEY.
The name of S. A. Chesley, barrister and judge of Probate of
Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, stands out distinctly as one of the central
figures in the professional circles of Lunenburg County. Continu-
ous application through many years has given him a clear and compre-
hensive insight into the philosophy and basic principles of
jurisprudence, and the largest wisdom as to the method and means
of attainment of ends, and he achieved success in the courts when
most young men are just entering upon the formative period of their
lives.
Mr. Chesley was born at Moncton, New Brunswick, August 14,
1849. He is a son of Rev. Robert Ansley Chesley, a native of Gran-
ville township, Annapolis County; the mother was Hannah Elizabeth
Albee, a native of Milltown, New Brunswick. Samuel Chesley, the
grandfather, was born in the same vicinity in which the father of
our subject, was l>orn. There this family located in an early day.
Samuel Chesley, the great grandfather, came to Nova Scotia from
the New England colonies in 1/58, intending to join General Wolfe
and participate in the war then on between Great Britain and France
for the possession of Canada, but when he reached Halifax, he found
that the work of General Wolfe had already been accomplished.
Soon thereafter Mr. Chesley was appointed by the government to sur-
vey the Township Annapolis, and he accepted an allotment, pur-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 59
suading two of his brothers to join him, and they came up from New
Hampshire, then a part of the Province of Massachusetts. One of
the brothers located at Wilmot, but the other returned to New Eng-
land after a short time here. An ancestor, Capt. Samuel Chesley,
was in command of a company at Port Royal in 1707, and the
Massachusetts Historical Society states that he performed an action
of special bravery. The great grandfather engaged in farming on
the original homestead, and there the grandfather also remained and
engaged in farming. He was twice married. Thomas, his eldest
son, by the second wife, was a barrister, became a King's counsellor,
practiced law many years in Annapolis Count}-, and he owned a
portion of the original property; Phineas, another son, was a farmer
on another portion of the original homestead; Henry, who was
inclined to mercantile pursuits, died comparatively young. Rev. Rob-
ert A. Chesley, father of our subject, was received as a candidate for
the ministry about 1843 and was ordained in 1848. He became one
of the prominent men of his denomination, and during his career
had charge of the churches at Moncton, Sussex, Digby and St. John's
Newfoundland, where his death occurred in 1856 at the age of forty
years. His family consisted of five children, of whom the subject of
this sketch is the eldest. The youngest died in 1857 and two died
in 1859, and only two of the children reached maturity.
S. A. Chesley received his early education in the various towns
where he lived during his father's ministry, which took him from place
to place. In 1861 he entered school at Sackville, New Brunswick.
and was graduated in 1866, after which he became assistant teacher
in the Weslyan Academy in St. John's, Newfoundland, remaining
there two years, then accepted a position as assistant master in the
boys' department of the Sackville Academy, where he remained one
year, then entered the office of James & Foster, Barristers. Mr. James
afterward became Justice James, of the Supreme Court. He read
law with success and was admitted to the bar in December, 1873,
after which he began the practice of his profession in Halifax and
and remained for six years, in partnership with the Hon. Benjamin
Russell, and in 1879 he located in Lunenburg, where he remained
until 1882, in which year he was appointed Judge of Probate, which
position he has held to the present time. He was also appointed
recorder and stipendiary magistrate of the shire town in November
1888, being the first to hold the position and he has held the same ever
since. His long retention of these important offices would indicate
60 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
that he has been faithful, conscientious and painstaking in his work
and has given eminent satisfaction in every particular.
Judge Chesley was married in May, 1874 to Mary Rebecca Russell,
a daughter of Nathaniel Russell. A sketch of this excellent family
will be found on another page of this work. The following children
were born to our subject and wife : Robert Ansley and Agnes Davison
were both drowned in Lunfnburg Harbor, October 8, 1895; Mary
Albee is now taking a post-graduate course in economics and political
science at the University of London, London, England. She was
previously graduated from Mount Allison University.
Fraternally Mr. Chesley is a member of the Independent Order of
Odd Fellows, having passed through the chairs of the local lodge, and
he was Grand Master in 1902 and 1903 of the Maritime Provinces; he
was Grand Representative to the Sovereign Grand Lodge in 1905,
and 1906. He was Grand Master again in 1914. From 1873 to 1888,
inclusive, he was official reporter of the Provincial Parliament. He is
a member of the Methodist church, and was Sunday school superin-
tendent for a period of thirty-three years. He has attended every
annual conference of his church, ever since laymen were admitted to
the conference in 1884. and has been a memljer of every general
conference since the last union of the Methodist churches in -the above
named year. He was nominated in 1882 for the Provincial Parliament
but retired in favor of the late George A. Ross, who was elected and
sat until his death in 1888.
WILLIAM SANGSTER.
In farming communities it is the rule and not the exception to
find ordinary educations, but occasionally you meet a family who
takes more interest in the development of the mind, who remain stu-
dents and close observers; and as a result they, in time, rise above
many of their countrymen. Such families are numerous in Nova
Scotia, and it is a sign that this Province is equal to any in the Domin-
ion in point of citizenship. One of these is the Sangster family, of
which William Sangster, a successful fruit grower of Upper Falmouth,
Hants County, is a creditable representative.
Mr. Sangster was born in the vicinity where he still resides, on
November 22, 1846. He is a son of James Murdock Sangster and
Maria (Wilcox) Sangster, the father a native of Upper Falmouth and
the mother of Windsor, this Province. John Sangster, the grand-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 6l
father, was born in Aberdeen, Scotland. He maried Susan Murdock.
James Wilcox, the maternal grandfather, was a seafaring man.
Grandmother Songster, ncc Murdock, was a daughter of Rev. James
Murdock, the first Presbyterian minister in Nova Scotia. Tradition
says that he .was drowned in the Musquodoboit river. Grandfather
Sangster bought the property now owned by the subject of this sketch,
Mary Cannon having been the original owner. The grandfather
built the present residence about 1806, and the house is still in use
and is still a substantial and pretentious residence. The boards used
in its construction were brought form the state of Maine. The house
has been kept remodeled and is now a fine modern home.
The father of our subject was engaged in farming for a number
of years, finally renting his farm and removing to Windsor, where he
resided a number of years. For some time he managed the quarries
owned by "Sam Slick," the hero of Haliburton's romantic writings.
James M. Sangster was active in public affairs and he was elected to
the Provincial Legislature from Falmouth district. He was a close
friend and supporter of Hon. Joseph Howe, and was also associated
with Haliburton, in fact, was an intimate friend of both these great
men. His death occurred in 1866 at the age of seventy years. His
family consisted of eight children, the subject of this review having
been fourth in order of birth.
William Sangster was reared on the home farm and he has con-
tinued to reside there, operating the place successfully and keeping it
in excellent condition. The place consists of rich dyke land. He has
twenty acres in orchard and makes a specialty of fruit, selling about
two thousand barrels of apples annually.
Mr. Sangster married in 18/8 to Mary Armstrong of Falmouth,
who died in 1879. To this union one child was born. Mary, who
married Percival Shaw. After the death of his first wife, Mr. Sang-
ster married Matilda Finney of Annapolis County, a daughter of
Caleb Finney of that County, where he settled in an early day. To
this second union the following children have been born : James
Murdock, who died in Halifax; Guy Carleton, married Lorilla Taylor
of Falmouth ; William John, is a member of the King's Canadian
Hussars, is now a lieutenant in the One Hundred and Twelfth Regi-
ment, enlisting for overseas service, to fight for his country; Earl
Harold and Arthur Gordon, the two youngest children, are at home.
Politically Mr. Sangster is a Liberal.
In the year 1812 Grandfather Sangster gave land for a church
52 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
and St. George's church was accordingly erected thereon. In 1904
our subject gave the land for the present new church. Mrs. Sangster
is a member of the same, and she is active in all good work in the
community, in fact, was the leading spirit in the building of the new
Church of England at Upper Falmouth. Our subject is a wide reader
and is a well-informed man.
WILLIAM SHARP.
Farming has been considered a game of chance too long and the
uncertainties of the elements have been overcome to such an extent
by intelligent study, rotation, the use of fertilizers, drainage and
intensive cultivation that day by day agriculture is becoming more and
more an exact science. William Sharp of Windsor, Hants County,
is a man who believes in progressive methods of agriculture, and he has
therefore succeeded in this field of endeavor.
Mr. Sharp was torn at Windsor Fork, Nova Scotia, in November,
1852. He is a son of Thomas Sharp, who was torn in Newcastle-on-
Tyne, England, in 1801, and his death occurred in 1872. He married
Louisa Cowan of Prince Edward Island in 1847. Andrew Sharp, the
grandfather, was born in the same vicinity as was the father of our
subject, and he devoted his life to farming in England, never coming
to America. Thomas Sharp, the father, grew to manhood in his
native land and there received his education. He immigrated to Nova
Scotia in the thirties, and after visiting various parts of the Province,
located in Hants County. His wife was a daughter of John Cowan
of Berwick, Scotland. Her mother was Mary Heath, a native of Fal-
mouth, England, who located in Prince Edward Island. She came
to Windsor, Nova Scotia when eleven years old. Her married sister
had located here previously. The father located at Windsor Forks,
and in the spring of 1868 he moved to the present home of his son,
our subject, which was known formerly as the Cunningham property.
It is two miles south of Windsor Station and is a valuable farm, well
improved and well tilled. Thomas Sharp devoted his life successfully
to general farming pursuits. His family consisted of the following
children : Robert, who beacme a sea captain, is now engaged in the
contracting business; Margaret, is the wife of William Stevens of
Windsor. He was born in Wolfville, and his father, James Stevens,
came from Scotland and established the family home in Nova Scotia.
William Sharp of this review was reared on the home farm and
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 63
educated in the public schools. He continued to reside with the family,
and took charge of the home farm upon the death of his father, which
he has since managed in a successful manner. The place consists of
one hundred acres, and part of it has been planted to orchard, which
is bearing well and furnishes no small portion of the annual income.
To the original place our subject has recently added the Maxner farm
which adjoins the homestead. He makes a specialty of raising short-
horn cattle and Clydesdale horses, which he imports from Scotland.
He feeds fine stock and his fine horses are greatly admired. "Gold
Nugget," his splendid Clydesdale stallion, received third prize at an
exhibition in Chicago and second prize at the Toronto exposition. He
weighs over eighteen hundred pounds. Mr. Sharp keeps an average
of twelve head of these blooded horses, thirty head of shorthorn
cattle and a number of Shropshire sheep. His farm is most beauti-
fully located on high land, from which an inspiring and commanding
view may be had in every direction, including Windsor, King's College
and the "Sam Slick" house all on the east, while the beautiful valley
of the Avon surrounds the farm on all sides. Mr. Sharp has done
a great deal toward encouraging better farming and a better grade of
live stock in his community. There is no better judge of live stock
of all kinds in Hants County than he.
Politically he is a Liberal.
ERNEST HOWARD ARMSTRONG.
One of Nova Scotia's most representative barristers and public
officials is Ernest Howard Armstrong of Yarmouth, the present
Minister of Public Works and Mines. He was formerly a journalist
of recognized ability and influence. But it is in the law that his talents
have shown with peculiar luster. He is a man of firm and decided
convictions, whether in law, politics, or in any department of thought
or action embodying his time and attention.
Mr. Armstrong was born July 27, 1864, at North Kingston, King's
County. He is a son of Edward and Sarah A. (Currell) Armstrong.
The father was a Canadian from Loyalist stock on his mother's side,
and the mother of our subject was English-Canadian.
Mr. Armstrong was educated in the public schools, later studying
at Acadia University and Dalhousie University, graduating from the
latter institution, from the law department, with the degree of Bachelor
of Laws. After being admitted to the bar he began the practice of
64 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
his profession with success from the first and he has kept well abreast
of the times in his profession.
On May 3, 1892 he was married to Alva G. Grant, a daughter o,f
the late Henry Grant, of Weymouth, Nova Scotia.
Mr. Armstrong practiced law at Weymouth, this Province, from
1889 to 1892, and during that period he was also editor of the Wey-
mouth Free Press. He also held office of register of deeds for Digby
Count}- for a short period. He removed to Weymouth in 1892. From
1894 to 1906 he held the office of vice and deputy United States
Consul at Yarmouth. He was town councillor there from 1900 to
1904. and mayor of Yarmouth in 1905. He was elected a member of
the Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia, June 20, 1906, and he was
re-elected at the general election of 1911. He was appointed a member
of the Executive Council and Minister of Public Works and Mines,
July 1 8, 1911. He was created King's Counsel in 1907.
Politically, he is a Liberal. He was Grand Worthy Patriarch,
Grand Division, Sons of Temperance for Nova Scotia in 1900. He
has done much for the cause of temperance in this country and has
been a tireless worker in this field. Religiously, he is a Methodist.
As a public servant he has always performed his duties in a manner
that reflected much credit upon himself and to the satisfaction of all
concerned, being conscientious, faithful, industrious and honorable,
and his widespread popularity is well deserved.
WILLIAM O'BRIEN.
William O'Brien, one of the successful farmers of Hants County,
was born at Windsor, Nova Scotia, April 16, 1855. He is a son of
William O' Brien, Sr., and Louisa (Leonard) O'Brien, both natives
of the same vicinity in which our subject was born. The death of
the father occurred in 1890 at the advanced age of eighty-five years.
The mother was sixty years old when she died. Timothy O'Brien,
the grandfather, was also torn near Windsor, this Province, but his
father, Timothy O'Brien, Sr., was a native of Londonderry, Ireland,
from which country he came to Nova Scotia in an early day, locating
in Hants County, on a farm near Windsor, he and his family living
for a time in the Colonel Butler property. He was a man of means
and an influential man in his day and generation. He was a large
land owner and his son, Timothy, our subject's grandfather, bought the
land that now forms a part of the town of Windsor, the same lying
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 65
between the Methodist church and the Church of England, also that
section known as the old jail corner and east to the property now
belonging to the Free Masons and used by them as a home. He also
owned some land which he sold to the Catholic church at the Plains.
His brother, James O'Brien, was register of deeds at Windsor for
many years. He served in various town offices, and was well and
favorably kown throughout this section of the Province. His brother,
John O'Brien, went to New Brunswick, and his descendants are still
living in the St. George district, where they have been successful.
James, a son of John O'Brien represented Charlotte County in the
Provincial Parliament for a number of years. Edward O'Brien, who
made his home in Windsor, was well-known and he was a close
personal friend of Hon. Joseph Howe. He was collector of customs
for a number of years. Isaac O'Brien went to California with the
gold hunters in 1849, but he was never heard from but once thereafter.
William O'Brien, Jr., was the eldest son of a family of five
children. He grew up on the home farm and received his education
in private schools in Windsor, later attending the public schools for
a time, after they were established in the sixties. He was also a
student in the private school of Thomas Cunen. Our subject began
farming on the home place aftt- ii-riving school, and continued there
for a number of years, then bought the Henry Palmer farm
at Windsor Forks, Hants County. He still retains the original
purchase, and is now owner of twenty-five hundred acres, a large
portion of which is in valuable timber, to which he is giving
considerable attention. He raises grains of all kinds, also a diversity
of root crops. One hundred and fifty acres is dyke marsh land, on
which he raises large quantities of hay. He has about fifteen acres
of orchard. In connection with general farming he devotes a great
deal of attention to live stock, breeding heavy draft horses, Clydes-
dale. On several occasions he has won sweepstakes at the Provincial
Fair at Halifax, also at the fairs at St. John, Fredericton and Windsor.
He also raises fine cattle, making a specialty of Here fords pure bred
with which he has won three sweepstakes at the St. John Provincial
Exposition, in 1914. His sons carried first and second prizes in the
Hereford class, at the New Brunswick fair at St. John in 1914
twenty-three in all.
Mr. O'Brien was married on December 6, 1876 to Annie Taylor,
of Windsor Forks. She was born September 2, 1854, and is a daugh-
(5)
66 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
ter of John and Jane (Redden) Taylor, both parents natives also of
Windsor Forks, where the family has long been well and favorably
known and where Mrs. O'Brien grew to womanhood and was educated.
Her grandfather, William Taylor, was a native of Kilcarden, Scotland.
To Mr. and Mrs. O'Brien the following children have been born :
Louisa Jane, George, John T., Fannie Isabel, William Burbee, Cath-
erine, James, Mary, Annie Jeanette, and Robert Bell. These children
have received good educational advantages.
HON. ALFRED GILPIN JONES.
Biography, more than anything else, commands the most interested
attention for the reason that it is a record of those who, in times
gone by, traveled the thorny pathway of life as companions, acquain-
tances, friends or relatives. To preserve from forget fulness the
simple story of their experiences and record their acts, however
uneventful, is a task attended with much pleasure and fraught with
great good to humanity. Especially is this the case when the subject,
like that of the late Hon. Alfred Gilpin Jones, for many years one of
the prominent business and public men of Nova Scotia, has led a
useful and honorable life. He was the son of the late Guy C. Jones,
who held the office of register of deeds of Digby County for a number
of years, was born at Weymouth, Nova Scotia, in September, 1824,
and there he grew to manhood and was educated in the public schools,
later attending Yarmouth Academy. He married, first, in 1850,
Margaret Wiseman Stairs, a daughter of W. Stairs ; her death occurred
in February, 1875. His second marriage, which took place in 1877,
was to Emma Albro, a daughter of Edward Albro, of Halifax.
Mr. Jones was for some time head of the firm of A. G. Jones
& Company, West Indian merchants, and they built up a large trade.
He was a governor of the Protestant Orphan's Home, also a gover-
nor of Dalhousie College. He was president of the Nova Scotia
Marine Insurance Company, and was a director of the Acadia Insu-
rance Company. He was very successful in business affairs, being a
man of industry, sound judgment and wise foresight. He was lieu-
tenant-colonel, commanding the First Halifax Brigade, garrison
artillery, for several years. He sat in the House of Commons for
Halifax from 1867 to 1872, when he was defeated. He was re-elected
at the general election in 1874, but resigned in January, 1878, in
consequence of an alleged breach independence of Parliamentary act.
HON. ALFRED GILPIN JONES, P. C.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 67
He was sworn to the Privy Council and held the office of Minister
of Militia in the Mackenzie administration from January, 1878 to
September, 1878. He was the unsuccessful candidate at the general
election of 1878 and also in 1882, but was re-elected at the general
election in 1887, in each case as a Liberal. On July 26, 1900 he was
appointed lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia, and sworn in on
August 7, 1900. and he held that office until 1906, discharging his
duties in a manner that reflected much credit upon himself and to the
eminent satisfaction of all concerned.
Mr. Jones was father of seven children by his first marriage,
five of whom are still living, namely: Alfred E., Walter G., Col.
Guy Carleton; Alice C, and Mrs. Frances Bannerman. His second
union was without issue.
The death of Mr. Jones occurred March 15, 1906, in Halifax.
GEORGE BURNETT O'BRIEN.
Life is where things are born and live and grow. On the farm
is real life. It is not to be found in the city. Realizing these facts,
George Burnett O'Brien of Windsor Forks, Hants County, is con-
tented with his environment and is one of the most progressive of
the younger generation of agriculturists in this section of the Province.
Mr. O'Brien was born at Windsor, Nova Scotia, February 16,
1880. He spent his early days in Windsor and with his parents, re-
ceiving his education in the public schools. About 1903 he started
farming on his own account, on the place which William Taylor, his
great-great grandfather, first settled when he came to this country
from Scotland. Young O'Brien leased the land from Judge Monk's
family, and the place is still known as Monkville. He was successful
from the first and has a good farming business.
The subject of this sketch was married January 27, 1908, to Maty
King Bacon, of Windsor, a daughter of William Bacon, of Falmouth,
Nova Scotia. Her mother was known as Margaret Sweet in her
maidenhood. This is an old family in the Falmouth district. Two
children have been born to our subject and wife, Arthur Edward, and
Alice Jeanette.
Mr. O'Brien owns forty acres of good dyke land and over fifty
acres of upland, most of which is in orchard. Besides carrying on
general farming and orcharding he devotes considerable attention to
raising fine live stock, specializing in breeding Clydesdale horses and
68 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Hereford cattle. He has done much to improve the live stock in his
locality, having encouraged the farmers to raise better grades. He
has frequently exhibited his stock at the various fairs with his father
and brother, under the name of William O'Brien & Sons. His
brother, John O'Brien, lives with him and transacts business on his
own account, having done well, especially in Clydesdale stock. Our
subject has a fine farm on which may be seen large and substantial
buildings. He put in a driven well, two hundred feet deep, in 1915,
and from this he obtains a splendid flow of water. He also raises some
fine Yorkshire hogs, in connection with his horses and cattle. Some
of his Yorkshires are crossed with Chesters. He raises large numbers
of hogs, also of Plymouth Rock Poultry and Toulouse geese. All of
his stock and poultry are of the first grade and he finds a very ready
market for what he offers for sale. He has been school trustee for
a number of years and has served as assessor for three years.
BURGESS McKlTTRICK.
One of the most efficient and widely known educators of Lunen-
btirg County is Burgess McKittrick, who has been principal of the
public schools of the town of Lunenburg for the past quarter of a
century, his long retention in this responsible position being criterion
enough of his ability and high standing as a citizen.
Principal McKittrick was born at Cornwallis, Kings County, Nova
Scotia, September 6, 1855. He is a son of James and Sabra (New-
comb) McKittrick, both natives of Kings County, the father born at
Horton, and the mother at Cornwallis. William McKittrick, the
paternal grandfather, was a native of Dumfries, Scotland. John
Newcomb, the maternal grandfather, was born in Kings County, this
Province, his family having been of old New England stock. The
late Dr. Simon Newcomb, of Washington, D. C, was of this family.
The principal's grandfather devoted his active life to farming and
was successful beyond the average tiller of the soil, and he was a man
of influence in his community, having long taken an active part in
public affairs, being known as Squire McKittrick. He was for some
time a justice of the peace. The wife of John Newcomb, the maternal
grandmother, was a granddaughter of Rev. George Gilmore of Grand
Pre, who was the pioneer Congregationalist minister of that place.
His monument in the old Grand Pre cemetery was so badly defaced
by tourists chipping off pieces of it for souvenirs that it was removed
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 69
to within the church and covered with glass. James McKittrick,
father of our subject, engaged in general farming pursuits, later in
life removing to Cornwallis where he bought a farm and there engaged
in orcharding and general farming. He was a member of the Presby-
terian church. He took a deep interest in educational affairs. His
death occurred in 1911 at the advanced age of eighty-eight years,
after a long, successful and useful life.
Burgess McKittrick is the eldest of a family of four, three of
whom are still living. He received his elementary education in the
public schools of his locality, and worked on the farm when growing
to manhood. He subsequently entered Dalhousie University, from
which he was graduated with the class of 1877, having received the
Governor General's silver medal.
After leaving college, Mr. McKittrick began his profession of
teaching at Sydney, Nova Scotia, later teaching at Truro and Lunen-
burg, having had charge of the County Academy in each place, and he
did much to strengthen the work at all three, introducing new and
better methods in many instances and advocating modern equipment.
During his protracted stay at Lunenburg of twenty-five years he has
built up one of the best public school systems of any town in the
Province and the populace owes him a debt of gratitude for his excel-
lent work.
Principal McKittrick was married July 19, 1893, to Jessie, eldest
daughter of the late Stephen Finck, of Lunenburg. She is of German
extraction on the father's side and of Scotch descent on her mother's
side. She has been well educated.
Both the principal and his wife are active members of the Presby-
terian church, in which he is an elder.
SAMUEL M. BROOKFIELD.
It is the progressive, wide-awake man of affairs who makes the
real history of a community, and his influence as a potential factor
of the body politic is difficult to estimate. The examples such men
furnish of patient purpose and steadfast integrity strongly illustrate
what is in the power of each to accomplish. One of the most repre-
sentative citizens of Nova Scotia is Samuel M. Brookfield, who is also
one of the progressive business men of the City of Halifax where he
has long been influential in the general development of the community.
Mr. Brookfield was born in England, November 29, 1847, and is
yO HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
a son of the late John Brookfield, C. E., who came to this country to
build the St. Andrews and Quebec Railway in 1852. Some forty
miles of railway was constructed when the Railway Company failed.
It is now part of the C. P. R. from St. Andrews to McAdam. He
then built several sections of the European and North American
Railway, now called the Intercolonial. He settled in Halifax, com-
pleted the Provincial Building, built the fortifications on George's
Island, Fort Clarence or Eastern Battery, McNab's Island or Ives
Point, the Batteries at Point Pleasant, etc.
The subject of this review was educated partly in England and
partly in Canada. In 1877 he was united in marriage to Annie Waites,
a daughter of George Waites and wife, a highly respected family of
Manchester, England. The death of Mrs. Brookfield occurred in
February, 1909. She was a woman of culture and refinement and
a favorite in the circles in which she moved. To our subject and
wife were born a daughter, who died in infancy, and a son, John
Waites Brookfield, who is now manager of The Halifax Graving
Dock Company. and a director of the S. M. Brookfield, Limited.
Mr. Brookfield began his business career when young in years and,
by the exercise of sound judgment, wise foresight and honest and
courteous dealings with his fellow-men he has advanced with the
material and industrial development of the times until he has become
one of the financially strong men of eastern Canada. He followed
in the footsteps of his father in a business way and has long been one
of the most widely known contractors and builders of the Maritime
Provinces. He is president of S. M. Brookfield, Limited, contractors
and builders, and as such has successfully carried out important con-
tracts in New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, including
the building of the Halifax Graving Dock, completed in 1889 for a
company of which he is the chairman and managing director. To
bring work to the dry dock he with others formed a salvage associa-
tion and has been successful in bringing a number of steamers to the
port for repairs, including the U land a, Mount Temple, etc. He is a
director of the Halifax Academy of Music, the Mexican Northern
Power Company, and the Eastern Trust Company. He is president
of the Eastern Canada Savings and Loan Company and also of the
Maritime Telegraph and Telephone Company. He was the chief
promoter of the Canada and Newfoundland Steamship Company,
1892, which was successfully carried on for a number of years and
sold out to Messrs, Furness, Withy and Company.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. "J\
Mr. Brookfield is a senator and a member of the Board of Regents
of Mount Allison University. He was founder of the S. M. Brook-
field prizes in that institution. He is a director in the British Ameri-
can Book and Tract Society, and also of the Protestant Orphans'
Home, and a director and trustee of the Young Men's Christian Asso-
ciation of Halifax. He is president of the Seamen's Friend Society
and of the Halifax Protestant Industrial Scool. Politically, he is a
Conservative. He is a memljer of the Methodist church, and the
Halifax Club. One of the leading newspapers of Canada recently
said of him, "He is a man of faith, energy and perseverance."
DONALD FRANK MATHESON.
The present perfection of the law was not accomplished in a day
or years. It is the combined wisdom of the ages. It is said to be the
"perfection of human reason," and has been handed down to us by
lawyers and judges of the long past. One of the successful barristers
of Lunenburg County is Donald Frank Matheson, King's counselor.
Mr. Matheson was born in St. Peters, Cape Breton Island, May
26, 1877. He is a son of John D. and Isabella (McXevin) Matheson,
the father a native of St. Peters and the mother of Sydney, Nova
Scotia. Donald Matheson, the grandfather, was a native of Plockton,
Inverness, Scotland, and when three years of age his father brought
him to Cape Breton in the eighteenth century, and settled at St.
Peters. The grandfather McNevin came to this country with a Scotch
regiment of the British army, and upon being disbanded in Nova
Scotia, settled in Sydney. He was a native of the Isle of Skye. Later
in life he removed to Ontario, dying in Barrie. The father followed
mercantile life, and for a quarter of a century has been lock master
on the St. Peters Canal, in Cape Breton, which position he still holds.
His family consists of eight children, of whom Donald F. Matheson
was second in order of birth. Several of his brothers have located
in the West.
After his elementary education in the public schools our subject
entered the law department of Dalhousie University, at Halifax, from
which he was graduated in 1899. He first began the practice of his
profession, after being admitted to the bar, in Halifax, with McNeil,
O'Connor & Matheson, which firm continued two years, then our
subject went to Sydney where he practiced a year in partnership with
A. D. Gunn, then joined A. K. McLean under the firm name of McLean
72 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
& Matheson. In ign A. K. McLean, the senior partner, was elected
to the Dominion Parliament, and soon thereafter removed to Halifax,
and is now head of the firm of McLean, Paton, Burchell & Ralston.
Since 1911 Mr. Matheson has continued to practice alone and he has
built up a very satisfactory clientage at Lunenburg.
Mr. Matheson was married in April, 1907, to Margaret L. Hebb,
of Lunenburg. She is a daughter of A. A. Hebb, who died when she
was an infant. This union has resulted in the birth of two children,
Isabelle M., and Frank R.
Politically, Mr. Matheson is a Liberal, and although he has been
president of the Lunenburg Liberal County Association for seven
years past, he has never sought public office. Fraternally, he is a
member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows.
WALTER DAY BOWERS.
History is made rapidly in these latter days, representing cease-
less work and the proudest achievements in all lines. It is gratifying
to mark the records of those whose influence has impressed itself along
the various channels through which the swelling tide of accomplish-
ment makes it way. If the present volumes are to contain the names
of the men who have "done things" in Nova Scotia, that of Walter
Day Bowers will necessarily have to be included within their pages.
For many years he has been regarded as one of the 'leading men of
affairs of Shubenacadie, Hants County.
Mr. Bowers was born at Bridgewater, Lunenburg County, Nova
Scotia, September 15, 1861, and is a son of Rev. William and Louisa
(Cossmann) Bowers, the father a native of Philadelphia, Pennsyl-
vania, and the mother of Lunenburg, Nova Scotia. Grandfather
Bowers was one of the early settlers of Philadelphia. Rev. Charles E.
Cossmann, the maternal grandfather, was a native of Germany, where
he grew up, was educated as a clergyman in the Lutheran church, and
when a young man he immigrated to Nova Scotia, where he became
a noted preacher, and he lived to the advanced age of ninety-two
years, dying in 1895. For many years he preached in the Old Dutch
church in Halifax once each year up until his death. He always
preached in the German language. His family consisted of four sons
and four daughters. The mother of our subject is still living. In
1837 the father sent her and her eldest brother across the ocean to
Germany by the way of England. She was at that time thirteen years
LAX]) OF EVANGELIXE WILLOWS AND WELLS.
RESIDENCE OF THOMAS CHANDLER HALIBUKTON,
"Sam Slick House," Windsor.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 73
old. They attended school in Germany for a number of years. They
were present at the coronation of Queen Victoria, they having been
in charge of a doctor and his wife who were going in the same ship,
and owing to failure on the part of the doctor to give their London
address the uncle in Germany came to that city and searched in vain
for his nephew and niece. He returned to Germany, and the doctor
in his next letter gave the address, so the uncle returned to London
and was successful in locating his relatives. The children enjoyed
their sojourn of some six weeks in the English metropolis.
Rev. William Bowers spent his boyhood in Philadelphia, but
when a young man came to Nova Scotia. He died at an early age in
Virginia, whither he had gone on a visit, being ill only two days, and
he was buried in Philadelphia. He left a family of three sons and
one daughter, namely : Charles, the eldest, is a master mariner and
makes his home in Mobile, Alabama; Walter 1). of this review;
Frederick, who is now pastor of Grace church in Philadelphia; Alary
is teaching school in Bridgewater.
Walter D. Bowers spent his boyhood in Bridgewater and Lunen-
burg, his father having preached mostly in the latter place. He was
educated in the public schools. He began his career by starting to
work for Andrew Gow, a ship owner and agent of the Merchants
Bank of Halifax, and when this concern established a branch bank
at Lunenburg our subject entered their employ, on January i, 1883,
remaining two years in the branch at Lunenburg, then was transferred
to Bathurst, New Brunswick, where he spent three years in similar
work, then went to Moncton, remaining there one year, after which
he was transferred to Truro, where he spent eight years, then was
made manager of the Maitland branch, continuing as such seven
years, when he was transferred to Shubenacadie, in 1905, and here
has continued to the present time. He has given his employers
eminent satisfaction in every respect, being faithful, trustworthy,
efficient and honest as well as courteous in his dealings with the
bank's patrons.
Mr. Bowers was married in June, 1895, to Tena McLeod of
Truro, a daughter of George McLeod of Bible Hill, Truro. To this
union the following children have been born : Carl, who was educa-
ted in Truro. is now with the Canadian troops at the front in Europe;
Helen is in school ; Walter is also a student.
Mr. Bowers has always manifested an active interest in agricul-
ture. While living in Maitland he was secretary of the Agricultural
74 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Society, and while in Truro he took a more active part in horses, of
which he is an excellent judge. After coming to Shubenacadie he
again became active in his efforts to encourage the farmers to adopt
modern agricultural methods and he has done much to encourage
better farming in that vicinity. He was instrumental in starting the
movement in 1910 which resulted in holding an agricultural show,
and in 1912 the present substantial buildings were erected and the
grounds at the edge of the town prepared. The fair of that year was
most successful. In 1914 they took in Colchester County and had a
still more intersting fair. The judge of roots and vegetables was
the same man who acted as judge at the Provincial Exhibition in
St. John, Xew Brunswick Samuel Moore, who is connected with the
Dominion Department of Seeds and Grazing. It was his opinion
that the exhibit at Shubenacadie in 1914 was better than that at St.
John. In 1912 money was raised to pay for the fair grounds, and in
five weeks from the first meeting the buildings were completed and
the exhibition started. The grounds are owned by Shubenacadie
Exhibition Grounds Company, the agricultural society being apart
from it, although the directorship is much the same. The buildings
are so arranged that they serve other purposes, the main building in
winter being used for a skating rink. The dining building is so
arranged as to be suitable for meetings, and during the winter months
the Agricultural College uses it for their short-term meetings. The
grounds occupy about seven acres. Mr. Bowers has been one of the
chief promoters and secretary of the company. He belongs to the
Masonic order. He and his family affiliate with the Presbyterian
church.
JAMES COCHRAX SPEXCE.
Among the straightforward business men of the town of St.
Croix, Hants County, who has helped to make his community a com-
mercial center and a desirable place in which to live in every way,
is James Cochran Spence, a dealer in farming implements. Like his
father before him, he has always borne a reputation for wholesome
living in all the walks of life.
Mr. Spence was born in the town and county mentioned above,
July 10, 1860, and here has been content to spend his life. He is
a son of Xathaniel David Spence, who was also born in that vicinity,
in January, 1884, and who died there February 5, 1914, at an advanced
age. The mother of our subject was Mary Ann Cochran, who was
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 75
born at Sweets Corner, Hants County, dying in April, 1912. Andrew
Inglis Spence, the grandfather was also born at St. Croix, this Prov-
ince, married Margaret Smith of that place, and he died in October,
1897, at tne advanced age of ninety- four years, his wife dying when
eighty-four years old. The great grandfather of our subject came
to Nova Scotia from Scotland and here married a Miss Ray, and they
were among the original settlers in the St. Croix district, where they
engaged in farming. The grandfather was also a successful fanner
all his life.
James C. Spence grew up on the home place and received his
education in the public schools at St. Croix, continuing on the farm
with his father for a number of years after reaching his majority.
He was married in 1884 to Sarah Sweet, of his home community.
She is a daughter of Locker Sweet, who represented an old family
of Hants County. To Mr. and Mrs. Spence, the following children
have been born: Harold Allison is at home; Roy Lockhart is living
in San Mateo, California ; Ralph P>skine, a bank accountant at Sydney.
was with the First Canadian contingent of troops at Yal Cartier for
some time and is at present somewhere in France; J. Welton, who
was graduated from the engineering department of the Technical
school of Nova Scotia, has enlisted for overseas service; Reginald,
deceased; Cecil M. V. was employed by the Royal Bank of Canada
at Windsor, but is now a member of the Sixty-fourth Battalion over-
seas; Nettie is the wife of R. W. Mosher of New York; Ella G. is at
home ; Howard N. is attending King's College, Windsor.
Mrs. Spence was the daughter of John Lockhart Sweet, who
married Sarah L. Glassey.
Mr. Spence has been engaged in various lines of business, but has
made farming machinery a specialty. He has a large and well-stocked
store at St. Croix and has built up a very satisfactory business with
the surrounding country.
The grandfather of Mr. Spence spent his life as a farmer, and
took an active interest in public affairs. He was a man of high stand-
ing in his community. The father of our subject engaged in the saw-
mill business for many years, operating four mills at one time, three
by water power and one by steam. He also carried on farming on an
extensive scale. He kept about two hundred head of cattle and from
thirty-five to forty head of horses, and owned many thousands of
acres of woodlands, at his death leaving some three thousand acres of
timber land and a number of valuable farms. He took an active
76 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
part in all public affairs. He was persuaded to become a candidate
for the local House, his friends maintaining that he was the only man
on his ticket, the Conservative, that could be elected from Hants
County, and he was accordingly elected. He was an able man and
very popular. It was about 1880 that he was elected to the local
Legislature, and he was twice re-elected, serving eight years in all,
making an excellent record as a public servant. His family consisted
of nine children, seven of whom have remained in Hants County;
they were named as follows : James C. of this sketch; David Nathaniel
lives at St. Croix ; Andrew Herbert is in the customs department at
Windsor; Robie Edward lives in St. Croix; William Arthur lives in
British Columbia; Maurice S. lives in St. Croix; George M. lives in
Ellershouse, Hants County : Ernest Henry Allison is deceased ; and
Mabel S. makes her home in St. Croix.
Politically, James C. Spence is a Conservative.
WILLIAM SMITH WHITMAN.
One of the well-known citizens of Hantsport, Hants County, Nova
Scotia, is William Smith Whitman, who has held positions of public
trust and has long been influential in this section of the Province, and
his record shows that he has faithfully performed each trust reposed
in him.
Mr. Whitman was born at Aylesford, Kings County, Nova Scotia,
February 10, 1853. He is a son of Zachariah and Susan (Hutchinson)
Whitman, natives of Annapolis and Kings counties, respectively.
Daniel Whitman, the paternal grandfather, was a resident of New
Albany, Annapolis County, for many years. The Whitmans are of
New England stock. Both our subject's grandfather and father
devoted their active lives to general farming. Zachariah Whitman
lived to be seventy-four years of age. His family consisted of seven
children, one of whom died in infancy, but the other six still sur-
vive, the subject of this sketch being the fourth in order of birth. His
youngest brother died at Aylesford, September 20, 1915.
After his school days and his work on the homestead as a boy,
William Whitman, at the age of eighteen years, went to Lincoln,
Massachusetts, where he engaged in farming six months, then returned
home, but a few weeks later he went back to Massachusetts, and secured
employment at West Upton with William Knowlton & Sons, hat
manufacturers, continuing but a short time, when, owing to the ill
health of an elder brother, also of that town, he returned home with
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 77
him. A few weeks later we find him in Providence, Rhode Island,
where he worked for Bishop Brothers as a salesman, traveling over
the New England states as far south as Maryland, continuing on the
road for this firm for about seven years, giving entire satisfaction,
doing much the meanwhile to increase the prestige and business of
his house. During a portion of that time he was a partner in the
business. However, misfortune overtook the firm and Mr. Whitman
lost all his earnings. He had the consolation of knowing that he
had valuable experience. He went to New York City and went into
partnership with D. P. Cheesborough, manufacturing ladders of
various kinds, scaffolding, etc., for builders and painters, making a
specialty of scaffolding in churches, theaters, etc., the firm being origi-
nators in this line. They continued successfully for about eleven years,
but close application and anxiety finally undermined Mr. Whitman's
health, and, selling out, came to Nova Scotia, locating at Hantsport,
where he has since resided. He has taken an abiding interest in public
affairs, and served his city very ably as mayor for a period of five
years, having been elected successively. During that period he did
much for the permanent good of the town. Later he was appointed
stipendiary magistrate for the town of Hantsport and Commissioner
of the Supreme and County Courts. These positions he filled in a
manner that reflected much credit upon himself and to the eminent
satisfaction of all concerned.
Mr. Whitman was married September 17, 1880, to Louisa Oakes,
of New Albany, Annapolis County. She was a daughter of the late
Jesse Oakes, whose death occurred March 15, 1898. and a sister of
Prof. I. B. Oakes, of Acadia College, at Wolfville, Nova Scotia.
To our subject and wife the following children have been born :
Edna C. is the wife of Victor L. O. Chittick of Seattle, Washington,
he being a professor in the University of Washington, located in that
city. Cora, second of Mr. Whitman's children, is at home with her
parents. Both these children were given good educations, finishing
at Mt. Allison University. Mr. Whitman was married a second time
on September 26, 1903 to Mary Burgoyne, of Kentville, Kings County,
Nova Scotia.
Mr. Whitman is an active member of the Methodist church of
Hantsport, and is the recording steward and treasurer, also superin-
tendent of the Sunday school of that church. In 1906 he was elected
to the general conference at Montreal, being one of the ten laymen
attending the conference from this Province. He was again elected
78 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
to attend the general conference of the Methodist church in 1910,
which met in Victoria, British Columbia, and in 1914 he was sent a
third time as a delegate to the general conference which was held in
Ottawa.
WILLIAM STERLING.
Among the enterprising merchants of Hantsport, Nova Scotia, is
William Sterling, a man who has gained success in the business
world partly because he was well adapted by nature for such a career
and partly because he has been, persistent and honest.
Mr. Sterling was born at Westmoreland, New Brunswick, March
14, 1867. He is a son of Cyrus Sterling, who died when our subject
was quite young. Our subject is a descendant of an old New England
family, some members of which settled in New Brunswick, others in
Nova Scotia.
After his school days William Sterling engaged in business with
N. C. Nordby at Parrsboro as salesman, continuing successfully seven
or eight years. He then accepted a position with the H. Elkerdin
Company at Port Greville, working as chief clerk for some time, in
which capacity he gave eminent satisfaction, and then became manager
of the firm's general store. Under his direction the business grew
most encouragingly. Saving his earnings he purchased the business
of this company in 1906 and continued it successfully until he sold
out in 1912. He then moved to Hansport, purchased a large lot at
his present location and erected thereon a substantial, modern store,
thirty-two by sixty feet, two stories and basement. He carries a large
and well-selected stock of general merchandise and has enjoyed a good
trade from the first, which has rapidly grown. His customers come
from all over the adjacent country, some from remote parts. His
store would be a credit to towns much larger than Hantsport. He is
also owner of some excellent farming land in Cumberland County,
which is not only good soil but is favorably located.
Mr. Sterling was married August 9, 1908, to Ada J. Hatfield, of
Port Greville, Nova Scotia, where she grew up and attended school
and where her family has long been well known. She is the daughter
of the late George Hatfield, who for many years was one of the suc-
cessful farmers of the vicinity of Port Greville.
Fraternally, Mr. Sterling is a member of the Knights of Pythias,
the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Canadian Order of
Foresters. He has passed all the chairs in the Knights of Pythias.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 79
Mr. Sterling is a very good business man and in addition to his
mercantile pursuits he has been engaged extensively in shipping for
a number of years, doing a large business. By dealing courteously
and honestly with his customers and patrons he has gained the good
will and confidence of all with whom he has come in contact. He is
one of the boosters of Hantsport and community.
DANIEL W. MURRAY.
Some sections of Nova Scotia being peculiarly adapted to fruit
growing, a large industry has been built up. In order to properly
handle and market this fruit baskets, crates, barrels and boxes must
be provided. To meet this demand a large manufacturing plant has
been established at the town of Hantsport, known as the Hantsport
Fruit Basket Company, Limited, of which Daniel W. Murray is the
efficient manager.
Mr. Murray was born at West Branch, River John, Pictou County,
Nova Scotia, December 8, 1879. He is a son of Robert and Annie
(Maclean) Murray, both natives of Loganville, Pictou County, the
father having been born in the year 1835, and there they grew up,
received common school educational advantages and were married.
Donald Murray, the paternal grandfather, was a native of Scotland,
from which country he, in company with several brothers, immigrated
to Nova Scotia, locating at the town of Loganville, where they
engaged in fanning. There Donald Murray became well established.
His family consisted of the following children: William Hugh, Don-
ald George, John, Robert. All but John, who moved to New Bruns-
wick, located in the vicinity of the original homestead, which has
remained in the possession of the family to the present time.
Robert Murray, father of our subject, grew to manhood on the
home farm and he devoted his active life to general farming pur-
suits, meeting with good success. He is still living at the advanced
age of eighty years. His family consisted of five sons and three
daughters, seven of whom are still living.
Daniel W. Murray, of this sketch, was the eldest of the family.
He grew to manhood on the home farm where he assisted with the
general work, and during the winter months attended the public
schools. At the age of sixteen years he began learning the black-
smith's trade and later removed to the United States where he
remained two years. In partnership with his brother he went into the
saw-milling business, also dealt in lumber extensively. They con-
go HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
tinued for a period of ten years, meeting with a large measure of
success, owing to their industry, foresight and honest dealings. Then
our subject purchased his brother's interest. He also purchased the
box factory of C. O. Nichols & Company at Hantsport, being later
joined in business again by his brother. Their establishment, which
has become widely known, has steadily grown and its products are
meeting with a wide and ready market owing to superior quality, good
workmanship, and general satisfaction. They have a large and well
located plant, equipped with modern machinery and many skilled
employees are on the payroll. They manufacture fruit baskets and
crates of all kinds, apple barrels, boxes and barrel stock, box shocks,
sheating, flooring, horse shoes and wheel barrows. They also do cus-
tom sawing and planing, grain smashing, and handle pine, spruce
and hemlock lumber. Prompt and first-class work are the watch-
words of Mr. Murray, and since he took charge of the business the
output has been increased three-fold and is still steadily growing. A
large trade lias been built up in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and
Prince Edward Island.
Mr. Murray was married August 31, 1910, to Emma Jane McCon-
nell, of River John, Nova Scotia. She is a daughter of George
McConnell, who operated a tannery at River John.
One child, Jean Murray, has been born to our subject and wife.
Mr. Murray is a public-spirited man and takes an interest in the
general affairs of his town and community. He has served in the town
council, and has long taken a deep interest in the development of
Hantsport.
CHARLES DAVISON.
One of the well known citizens and enterprising business men of
Hantsport, Nova Scotia, is Charles Davidson, a man who has succeeded
in life's strenuous battle because he was endowed by nature with
courage and tact and also because he has been persistent and honest.
Captain Davison is the descendant of an old family of this Prov-
ince. He was born in the town where he still resides, in April, 1854,
and is a son of John and Louisa (Kirkpatrick) Davison, the father
born in Hantsport in 1827, died in 1897; the mother was born in
Colebrook, Kings County. Asa Davison, the paternal grandfather,
was a native of Falmouth, Nova Scotia, to which place his father
removed in a very early day from Barnstable, Massachusetts. The
grandfather followed farming, but the father engaged in shipbuilding,
a
a
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 8 1
having been a designer and master ship builder for a number of years,
having been foreman or master builder for the Churchills. Asa Davi-
son, the progenitor of the family in Hantsport, came from Falmouth.
His family consisted of seven sons and three daughters, namely :
William, Edward, Geoden, Joseph, John, Chipman and George (who
died at an early age) ; Annie, Rebecca and Mary Jane. The father
died in 1849, after a successful life as a farmer. William Davison
owned a large tract of land, which he inherited from his father, and
he engaged in farming on an extensive scale. He served as post-
master for fifteen years in Hantsport, erecting a building which was
used as a post office at the corner of Station Lane and William Street,
the principal business section of Hantsport. The latter street was
named in his honor. He married Phoebe Lawrence, and to them seven
children were born. He had been married previously, and five children
were born of his first marriage. William Davison died forty years
ago. Mrs. Davison is still living, having reached the advanced age of
eighty-five years, and retains all her faculties. Edward Davison was
a mariner, a captain for many years ; he died at home. Geoden Davi-
son died quite young in a foreign port. He also was a mariner and
captain of a vessel for a number of years. Joseph Davison, also a sea
captain, died at home, leaving a large family. John Davison learned
the ship building business and was master builder for Ezra Churchill
& Sons at Hantsport for a number of years. He married Louisa Kirk-
patrick, who is still living. They reared a large family, of whom Capt.
Charles Davison is the eldest son. Chipman Davison, who was cai>-
tain of a vessel for many years, died in Italy, his wife and two young
daughters being with him at the time; his wife had sailed for some
years and learned the workings of a ship and some knowledge of
navigation. Annie Davison was married to the late Ezra Churchill, a
sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this work. Her sister, Rebecca,
married Daniel Huntley, who was engaged in ship building in Hants
and Kings Counties. Mary Jane Davison married Capt. Abe Coal-
fleet, and they made their home in Hantsport. It is a fact worthy of
note that five of the six sons mentioned above all married and that the
widows of each are still living, their ages being eighty- four, eighty-
five, eighty-six, eighty-seven and ninety-three (1915).
Capt. Charles Davison, our subject, being the eldest son found
plenty of hard work to do in assisting his father when a boy. How-
ever, he received some education in the public schools. Soon after his
(6)
82 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
school days he went to sea, and made that his life work, passing
through the different stages of the service until he became master or
captain in 1883; he filled the positions of first and second mate at an
early age. He commanded the following ships : Gloire, which was
lost in the Atlantic, having been waterlogged during a terrific storm ;
the crew had been lost for about four days before being rescued by
a German ship and taken to Bremer. Captain Davison got his crew
onto the rescuing ship without losing a man. The German com-
mander decided that it was impossible for him to put off a single boat.
Our subject commanded the Recovery for six years, which was used
in the foreign trade. Owing to an accident he retired from the sea
and engaged in the grocery business in Hantsport. He has been very
successful in this line of endeavor, enjoying a good trade all the while.
Captain Davison married Sarah Auld in 1885, she having been
a resident of Pictou County, Xova Scotia. This union resulted in the
birth of six children, Bertha, Rhoda, Bicco, Carl, Lawrence, and
Grant.
ARTHUR ROBKRTS. K. C.
Arthur Roberts was born in Wales, March 7, 1868. His father
was a Presbyterian clergyman, who removed with his family to Nova
Scotia in 1875, and here our subject grew to manhood and has since
resided. He received his education in the public schools, Pictou
Academy, and in the law department of Dalhousie University, from
which he was graduated in 1890 with the degree of Bachelor of
Laws, and the same year was admitted to the bar of Nova Scotia, and
soon thereafter began the practice of his profession at Bridgewater,
where he has remained to the present time, enjoying a large and lucra-
tive practice.
On April 30, 1895 ne was married to Grace E. Hunter, a daughter
of Capt. David Hunter, late post warden of Halifax.
Mr. Roberts has always been active in public affairs. He was the
unsuccessful candidate in Lunenburg County for the Liberal-Con-
servative party for the Nova Scotia Legislature in 1901. He has been
town solicitor of Bridgewater since 1907, and secretary-treasurer of
the Union of Nova Scotia Municipalities since 1909, and has since
been actively identified with municipal work and progress in this
Province. He is one of the vice-presidents of the Union of Canadian
Municipalities; also president of the Liberal-Conservative Association
of Lunenburg County. He was made a King's Counsel in June 1914.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 83
CHARLES MORRIS WEEKS, M. D.
In a comprehensive work of this kind, dealing with industrial pur-
suits, sciences, arts and professions, it is only fitting and right that
that profession on which, .in some period or other in our lives (the
medical profession) we are all more or less dependent, should be
noticed. One of the successful and well known representatives of
this profession in Hants County is Dr. Charles Morris Weeks of New-
port.
He was born in the above named town and county, February 27,
1865. He is a son of Samuel Weeks, M. D., a native of Sydney,
Nova Scotia, whose death occurred in August, 1911, at the age of
seventy-seven years. His mother was Mankin Hooper, a native of
Newport, whose death occurred about 1900. Otto S warts Weeks, the
grandfather, was born in Sydney. He was a graduate of King's Col-
lege, Windsor, and devoted his active life to the ministry. The
father of our subject received his early education in Nova Scotia,
later studied at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York
City, after which he returned to Hants County and began practicing
medicine at Brooklyn. The maternal grandfather. Dr. Howard
Hooper, was a graduate of Edinburgh University. He practiced for
some time 'during the latter part of his life at Brooklyn. Dr. Samuel
Weeks married his daughter and succeeded to his practice upon his
death in Brooklyn. On the fiftieth anniversary of his practice he
was honored by the medical profession of the Province, being pre-
sented with a handsome silver service in 1903. He was a man who
stood high in his profession and was popular with the people of his
locality.
Dr. Charles M. Weeks spent his boyhood in Newport, where he
attended the public schools, then entered the College of Physicians
and Surgeons at Baltimore, Maryland, from which institution he was
graduated in 1891. He returned to Hants County, where he has since
continued in the practice, having succeeded his father at Newport
and he has been very successful.
Dr. Weeks was married in 1899 to Amy Sanford of Burlington.
Hants County, a daughter of Frederick Sanford, who died in 1904.
This is one of the old families of Hants County. Two children were
born to this union Jean, who is at Edgehill, attending the Church
school for girls; and Mildred, who is at school also. The Doctor
was again married in August, 1907 to Florence O'Brien, a native of
gx HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
New Brunswick, and this union has resulted in the birth of one child
Maurice Manning.
Politically, the Doctor is a Liberal. He is a member of the Hants-
Colchester Counties Medical Society. He served as health officer at
Newport for a number of years.
Otto Swartz Weeks, an uncle of the subject of this sketch, was
at one time Attorney General of Nova Scotia.
EVERETT ALDEN O'BRIEN.
Everett Alden O'Brien, one of the well-known business men of
Noel, Hants County, where he has long been engaged in mercantile
pursuits, had the usual ambitious dreams when he was a boy, and
these led him to a useful and successful life in a material way, as well
as caused him to shape his course as to become a helpful citizen.
Mr. O'Brien was born in the above named town and county,
August 19, 1863. He is a son of Osmond O'Brien, who was born
at Noel, January 29, 1828, whose father, William O'Brien, was born
at Noel, July 10, 1803. His father, Jacob O'Brien, was born June
15, 1761. The latter married Mary Spencer August 4, 1781, Rev.
David Smith of Londonderry, Xova Scotia, performing the ceremony.
William O'Brien, the grandfather, married Margaret Davison of
Bass River, Nova Scotia. The mother of our subject was known in
her maidenhood as Amanda Faulkner, of Burnt Coat, Hants County.
Timothy O'Brien, our subject's great great grandfather, was born
near Londonderry, Ireland, January 2, 1725, was married in Shire
of Ayr, Scotland, on April 17, 1746, to Margaret Gilmore, by Rev.
Mr. McLellan, and to this union seven children were born. William
O'Brien, great-great-great grandfather of our subject, was a native of
Ireland, where, on August 8, 1721, he married Esther Linton, at
Billy Kelly, in the County of Londonderry. Ireland. He died March
2, 1793, and her death occurred March 18, 1758; both were interred
in the churchyard at Anglinlow. They were the parents of eight
children. Timothy O'Brien, mentioned above, immigrated from
Ireland to Nova Scotia, settling at Noel, Hants County, in an early
day, where he engaged in farming, obtaining large tracts of land
two thousand acres, which he bought from William Reed and Charles
Morris, the original grantees. A portion of this land now forms the
townsite of Noel. Timothy O'Brien was drowned in Tennecape Bay,
Nova Scotia, November 19, 1777. His son, Jacob O'Brien, con-
tinued farming in the vicinity of Noel, as did also his son, William
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 815
O'Brien. A large portion of the original estate is still in possession
of the family.
Osmond O'Brien, father of our subject, was a man of great thrift
and energy, ability and foresight. He engaged in ship building, his
first vessel, a brig, was built in 1856. He built four brigs and eleven
barques, four schooners. Several of the barques were of a thousand
tons. He was a shrewd, far-seeing man, and anticipated the down-
fall of modern shipping, so disposed of his interests. He took an
actve part in public affairs, but declined political preferment. His
death occurred in 1906, and his wife died in 1908. Their family
consisted of six children, four sons and two daughters, the subject
of this sketch being the oldest.
Everett A. O'Brien grew to manhood at Noel, where he received
his education, and there he continued the store and general business
of his father, giving his attention mostly to the store and office work.
In fact, his father had gradually turned over his interests to the man-
agement of his son during the latter part of his life, and upon the
death of the elder O'Brien our subject became senior member of the
firm, his brother, Austin E. O'Brien, a sketch of whom appears on
another page of this work, entered the business also.
Mr. O'Brien was married on January 20, 1886, to Jennie Baxter,,
of Milltown, New Brunswick, she being a representative of an old
family of that Province. To this union the following children were
born: Harriett is the wife of Dr. A. R. Campbell of Yarmouth;
Osmond Carlyle is assisting in the store business ; Lena Pearl, Freda
Eleanor, Glenna Susan, Hilda Maud, and Ina Leola, are all at home.
The business is run under the firm name of Osmond O'Brien &
Company. They carry a large stock and do an extensive business,
both in merchandising and in timber, and also carry on extensive
farming operations. Our subject is one of the progressive and sub-
stantial men of affairs of Hants County and an influential citizen.
Politically, he is a Liberal-Conservative.
PETER M. FIELDING.
The business of the immigration office for Nova Scotia is ably
and faithfully looked after by its present incuml>ent, Peter M. Field-
ing, of Windsor, who is one of our public servants of whom we
should be justly proud. He was born at Noel, Hants County, March
27, 1862, and is a son of Charles and J. (McCulloch) Fielding. The
father was born at Halifax, in May, 1819, and the mother was born
86 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
at Noel Road, Nova Scotia, in November, 1835. Our subject is a
half-brother of Hon. W. S. Fielding and George H. Fielding, sti-
pendiary magistrate of Halifax.
Peter M. Fielding received his education in the public schools and
in the business college of Frazee & Whiston. He was a clerk and
partner with Evan Thompson, Esq. at Elmsdale, Hants County, for
some time. He was a member of the County Council, East Hants,
from 1880 to 1890, inclusive. He contested the County of Hants at
the general election in June, 1911, for the Local House, but was
defeated by a small majority. He was married on October 6, 1887, to
Jean U. Urquhart, a daughter of John and Jean Stuart (McHardie)
Urquhart of Elmsdale, Hants County. Politically, he is a Conserva-
tive, and is now holding the office of immigration agent for Nova
Scotia. He is a Presbyterian, and he belongs to Scotia L. O. L., No.
48, Century Lodge No. 100, Independent Order of Odd Fellows,
Haliburton Court No. 950, Independent Order of Foresters. He is
a member of the Pesiquid Curling Club. He was recruiting officer
for Hants County in 1915-16, with the rank of lieutenant in the
Eighty-first Regiment.
GEORGE L. GIBSON.
Success as a merchant has crowned the efforts of George L. Gibson
of Newport, Hants County, because he has been persevering, honest
and fair in his dealings, thus arousing the confidence and good will
of his customers. Such a man deserves to succeed.
Mr. Gibson was born in Windsor, Nova Scotia, in October, 1848.
He is a son of Thomas and Mary (Glassy) Gibson. The father was
born in northern Ireland and the mother on the Atlantic Ocean, while
her parents were enroute to Canada from Ireland. These parents
were married in Nova Scotia and established the future home of the
family here, each living to unusual ages, the father passing his ninety-
eighth birthday and the mother died at the age of ninety-six in 1909.
The father was in the hotel business, being proprietor of the Windsor
Hotel at Windsor, Hants County; for many years, his hostelry being
popular with the traveling public, who found their host an accommo-
dating and courteous man at all times. His family consisted of twelve-
children, eight sons and four daughters, George L. Gibson being the
fourth in order of birth.
The subject of this sketch spent his boyhood in Windsor and was
engaged as clerk with Alex. McLeod & Company, wholesale and gen-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 8/
eral merchants. He remained with this firm four or five years, during
which time he gave his employers eminent satisfaction, being faith-
ful, wide-awake and polite, and the meanwhile he mastered the various
phases of merchandising sufficiently to open a business of his own,
which he accordingly did at Windsor. He operated his mercantile
establishment there until 1881 when he removed to Brooklyn and
continued the same line of business. He later came to Newport and
here he has remained. He has enjoyed a good trade at these different
places, having given his exclusive attention to his business. He
carries a large and well-selected stock at all seasons.
Mr. Gibson was married in 1885, to Georgia Smith of Brooklyn,
Nova Scotia. She is a daughter of Henry Smith, in fact, is his only
child. Mr. Smith was a well-to-do farmer and tanner of near
Brooklyn.
To Mr. and Mrs. Gibson the following children were born: Henry
Howe is attending the veterinary college at Toronto, Canada ; Stewart
Hyland, who is now managing his father's store at Newport; Beatrice
is at home; Marguerite is attending school; Fred Brooks is also
working in his father's store.
Plitically, Mr. Gibson is a Conservative. He is a member of the
Masonic order, also of the Foresters. He belongs to the Presbyterian
church.
MORTIMER PARSONS.
One of the representative and highly respected members of the
old Parsons family is Moritimer Parsons, who was born at Walton,
Hants County, March 3, 1865, and there he spent his boyhood and
attended the public schools, then engaged in mining and lumbering,
working at the Tennecape, maganese mines, and at West Gore
antimony mines in Hants County, the Rawdon and also the Uniacke
mines. He spent four years mining in British Columbia, acting as
foreman and mining superintendent in some valuable silver and lead
mines, located at Ainsworth, British Columbia. After leaving that
Province he went to Mexico and prospected for a company near
Sonora, where he spent the winter, then returned to Nova Scotia and
took an interest in a plaster quarry near Windsor which he managed
about four years, shipping quite a large amount of plaster, and he is
still interested in that property. He next became manager of the
Cheverie Plaster Company, which position he now holds. He also
88 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
does contracting. In 1914 he took the contract for the new govern-
ment pier at Cheverie, which was successful.
Mr. Parsons was married September 22, 1896, to Minnie G.
Smith of Walton, Hants County. She is a daughter of Loran Smith.
This is an old and respected family of Hants County. To our sub-
ject and wife the following children have been born: John Loran
died when two and one-half years of age; Hugh MacDonald is now
attending the Collegiate Institute at Windsor ; Ida Frances, Ena Fern,
and Ruby Kellogg are all attending school.
Our subject's great grandfather served twenty-one years in the
British Army. When the grandfather of our subject moved to Col-
chester he signed over his property to his two sisters. He was in
Halifax when the Shannon towed the Chesapeake in from its fight at
sea, and he was one of the first to toard the vessel, he having gone
out in a government boat, having been employed in the ordinance
department at that time.
RUPERT CHURCHILL WRIGHT.
We are glad to note in this series of biographical sketches that so
many of the progressive citizens of Nova Scotia have been born and
reared here, for this is an indication of at least two things that they
are people of keen discernment, being able to see and appreciate pres-
ent conditions as they are, and that the country is indeed one of
the favored sections of Canada, else these citizens would have sought
homes elsewhere. One of this number who has been contented to
spend his life in his native Province is Rupert Churchill Wright,
successful and well-known banker of Windsor, Hants County.
Mr. Wright was born in the City of Halifax, February 9, 1857.
He is a son of Charles William Wright and Sarah Jane (Hemmeon)
Wright. Both parents were torn in Halifax, Nova Scotia, where
their parents settled in an early day, and there they grew to matur-
ity, were educated, married and established their home. Adam
Hemmeon, the maternal grandfather, was a prominent man in the
affairs of Halifax and was mayor there in 1849. The father of our
subject was long known as an enterprising man of affairs in his
native community.
Rupert C. Wright grew to manhood in Halifax and there received
his educational training and when a young man entered the business
world. He is now manager of the Royal Bank of Canada at Wind-
sor, Hants County, to which city he removed a number of years ago.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 89
He has done much to make the bank a popular and successful insti-
tution.
Mr. Wright was married on August 15, 1878 to Amelia Smith
Wiswell, a daughter of Charles Enoch Wiswell and Sarah Sanford
(Smith) Wiswell, a highly respected family of the city of Halifax.
To our subject and wife the following children have been born
born: Sarah Amelia is the wife of A. H. Longard; Ella Isabel is
the wife of J. L. W. Allen ; Charles E. W. died in infancy ; Bertha
Sanford, and Annie Louise are lx>th with their parents. These
children all received good educational advantages.
Politically, Mr. Wright is a Liberal, and religiously a Methodist.
MILTON O'BRIEN.
Milton O'Brien, one of the venerable, yet active and successful
farmers of Hants County, has always taken a delight in general agri-
cultural pursuits, in which he has found not only a good living but
health and contentment. The commercial world and the busy marts
of trade have had little attraction for him.
Mr. O'Brien was born at Noel, Hants County, March 22, 1838.
He is a son of Samuel O'Brien, also a native of Noel, who died at
the age of sixty-five years, was a son of Roljert O'Brien, also a native
of Noel, Nova Scotia, where his father, Timothy O'Brien, a native
of Londonderry, Ireland, located in a very early day. The date of
the latter's birth was January 2, 1725, and he was a young man when
he crossed the Atlantic to our shores. Thus the O'Brien family is
one of the oldest and best known in Hants County. The grandfather
of the subject of this sketch located either on the property on which
Milton now resides or on the adjoining property, where he spent his
life. Samuel O'Brien, the father, grew to manhood there and con-
tinued on the homestead. In addition to farming he also engaged in
lumbering and conducted a tannery for several years. He was one
of the substantial and influential men of his community. He married
Eleanor Yuell, of Great Village, Colchester County, and to their
union ten children were born, three of whom are still living, the sub-
ject of this sketch being the oldest son.
Milton O'Brien spent his boyhood on the home farm where he
assisted with the general work. In 1860 he went to California by way
of the Isthmus of Panama and he spent thirteen years on the Pacific
coast, first working for wages, but he saved some money, and later
bought into a mining property, being connected with some other Nova
QO HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Scotians in this venture, and he was fairly successful. However, his
next business deal was unfortunate, but he continued making a reason-
able income and returned to Nova Scotia in 1873 an d purchased the
old homestead, which he has improved and on which stands a hand-
some modern residence, surrounded by substantial and convenient
outbuildings. He has one of the best farms in the country.
Mr. O'Brien was married in 1874, to Adeline Faulkner, of Burnt
Coat, Hants County, a daughter of Robert Faulkner, this being one
of the old families of Hants County. The death of Mrs. O'Brien
occurred in 1877. To this union two- children were born Clarence
Wilbert is a practicing physician at Wyandotte, Michigan; and Milton
Addison is a practicing physician at Noel, Nova Scotia. Our subject
was again married in 1877, to Adelia Crowe, of Burnt Coat, Hants
County, a daughter of Andrew Crowe and a granddaughter of Rev.
Thomas Crowe, a presbyterian clergyman in pioneer days in this
country. Mr. O'Brien's second wife died, leaving three children
Elta May is at home ; Wyman Crowe is now engaged in farming at
Onslow, Colchester County; and Margaret Adelia, who is at home.
Mr. O'Brien was married a third time, his last wife being Alice
Crowe, a sister of his second wife, and to this union these children
were born : Annie Beatrice is engaged in teaching in Noel ; Jennie
is teaching in British Columbia; Alice is teaching in Kings County;
Willard, who is attending college : Cassie, who is teaching grade A
at Noel, lives at home ; Edson is in school.
Mr. O'Brien is a well preserved man and is still carrying on his
farming operations on a large scale, and is one of the substantial men
financially in his locality.
ALBERT PARSONS.
One of the well-known and influential citizens of Hants County,
who is deserving of the success and esteem he can claim is Albert
Parsons, member of the Provincial Parliament wherein he has made
a creditable record and been of much service to his district.
He was born at Walton, Hants County, September 5, 1869. He is
a son of John and Martha (Ward) Parsons, the father
a native of Harmony, Colchester County; and the mother of New-
port, Nova Scotia. William Parsons, the grandfather, was a native
of Shelburne County; and his wife, Mary Crowell, was born at
Truro, Nova Scotia. John Ward, the maternal grandfather, and
his wife, Amy Harvey, were natives of Newport, this Province. Great-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 9 1
Grandfather Parsons was born on the Isle of Wight. He was a
soldier in the British Army and fought in the battle of Waterloo.
After his discharge from the service he was given a grant of land in
Shelburne County, Nova Scotia, where he made his home the rest of
his life. The Wards were early settlers of this Province. The grand-
father moved to Truro and engaged in farming, fishing and the coop-
erage business, living to be about eighty years of age. He spent his
declining years at Walton and Harmony. His family consisted of
sixteen sons and two daughters.
When a young man the father of our subject learned the cooper-
age business, also learned ship building. Later he moved to Walton
where he conducted a cooperage business and spent his life there, dying
February 14, 1914, at the age of seventy-four years. Two sons were
torn and both living Mortimer, who is engaged in business at
Cheverie; and Albert. The latter spent his boyhood in Walton, where
he attended school. He then worked in the plaster quarries and at
the age of nineteen began contracting, and in 1900 took over the
quarry, working it on a royalty basis, and in 1913 he affiliated with
the Rock Plaster Company of New York. He has in addition to the
Walton Plaster Quarries the control of the Cheverie Plaster Works.
He has within a single year shipped as much as eighty thousand tons
of Plaster to the American market. They are now building large
factories for the manufacture of plaster from the plaster rock. Mr.
Parsons has also been interested in the lumber business for many
years and has shipped large quantities of lumber, having a saw-mill
at Walton where building material is sawed, also staves for plaster
and apple barrels.
Mr. Parsons has been one of the most successful business men in
Hants County. He has also found time to devote to public affairs,
and has served in a number of local offices. In 1909 he was elected
to the Provincial Parliament at a by-election, and was re-elected
at the general election in 1911. When he was first given the office,
his was the first instance in which a candidate of the oposition was
elected in a by-election for the Provincial House for forty years.
Politically, he is a Conservative. He has given eminent satisfaction
as a public official.
Albert Parsons was married June n, 1892, to Ruby L. Smith of
Walton, Nova Scotia. She is a daughter of Loran Smith. To
our subject the following children have been born : Ralph Shaw,
who was formerly connected with his father in business, but is now a
92 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
lieutenant in the One Hundred and Twelfth Overseas Battalion, C.
E. F. He married in November, 1914, Valentyne Churchill, a great-
grandaughter of Senator Ezra Churchill. Gertrude, Arthur O'Brien,
Binney Albert, and Ezra Churchill are at home with their parents.
HAROLD B. BARNHILL, M. D.
A young physician of Hastings, Annapolis County, who is making
a very propituous start in his chosen life work is Dr. Harold B.
Barnhill, formerly of Bridgewater, Nova Scotia, who seems to have a
proper conception of what it takes to succeed as a physician.
He was born at Two Rivers, Cumberland County, April 4, 1885.
He is a son of Brunswick B. and Jeanetta (Martin) Barnhill, both
natives of New Brunswick, the father born in St. John and the mother
in Moncton. The father of our subject was a mining engineer. He
spent his entire life in his native Province, finally coming to Nova
Scotia, where he became manager of the Joggin Mines, holding that
position about eight years, but recently he has devoted his attention to
the lumber business at Two Rivers. He had a large family, Harold
B. Barnhill being fifth in order of birth.
The Doctor received his early education in the public schools, then
attending Kings College at Windsor, and matriculated for McGill
University, Montreal, then took a course in the medical department
there, later entering Dalhousie University, Halifax, receiving his
diploma in 1910. After his graudation he spent a year as a member
of the staff of the Victoria General Hospital in Halifax, then began
practicing at Petite Riviere, Nova Scotia, where he spent a year,
then practiced eighteen months at Lahave, Lunenburg County, after
which he joined Dr. Rehfus at Bridgewater, where they had a large
practice while together. Dr. Barnhill was transferred to Hastings,
Annapolis County, early in 1916, as medical superintendent for the
Davison Lumber Company.
Dr. Barnhill was married in June, 1912, to Margaret Daisy Hart-
ling, a daughter of John Hartling, a contractor and builder. Mrs.
Barnhill was graduated from Victoria General Hospital at Halifax
as a trained nurse.
One child has been born to our subject and wife Brunswick
Edward Wallace Barnhill.
Dr. Barnhill is a member of the Lunenburg-Queens Counties Medi-
cal Society, of which he is now secretary. Fraternally, he belongs
to the Ancient Free and Accepted Masons and Independent Order of
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 93
Odd Fellows, Empire Lodge, No. 108, having passed through the chairs
of the same. He is medical examiner for the Manchester Unity,
the Rebekahs, and the Ancient Order of Foresters.
NELSON PORTER FREEMAN, M. D.
It takes something more to make a successful practitioner of
medicine than merely to complete the prescribed course in an institu-
tion having as its object the training of physicians and surgeons.
There must be courage, stability, fortitude, perseverance and a high
sense of honor. These attributes seem to be possessed by Dr. Nelson
Porter Freeman of Bridgewater, Lunenburg County, and he is there-
fore succeeding in his chosen vocation.
Dr. Freeman was born in Greenfield, Queens County, Nova Scotia,
June 24, 1864. He is a son of Edward Hiram and Anna (Miles)
Freeman, both parents also natives of the town of Greenfield where
they grew up, attended school and were married and there estab-
lished their future home, moving to Mill Village when he was about
five years old. Allan Freeman, the grandfather, was a farmer and
music teacher at Liverpool, and Greenfield, Nova Scotia for many
years. This family is of sterling old Loyalist stock. Elisha Free-
man, his ancestor, was one of the first settlers of Liverpool, and his
son, Nathaniel Freeman, was a colonel in the army.
Dr. Freeman received his elementary education in the public
schools, later attended Dalhousie University at Halifax, being a
student in the medical department for some time, but later went to
the States and entered the medical department of the University of
Vermont from which he was graduated in 1891. He took a post-
graduate course in England in 1902, chiefly in the medical colleges
and hospitals of London, spending one year there. He also visited
many other cities on the continent, everywhere increasing his medical
knowledge. He has enjoyed a good practice in New Germany and
Bridgewater ever since locating there and has met with good success.
He is a member of the Canadian Medical Society, the Nova
Scotia Medical Society, being a member of the Nova Scotia Med-
ical Board. He is a member of the Masonic Order, Loyal Order
of Moose, the M. U. Odd Fellows, the Bridgewater Curling Club,
and the Bridgewater town council. Politically, he is a Conservative.
Religiously, he is a Baptist.
Dr. Freeman was twice married, first to Jessie S. Robertson,
daughter of Dr. Robertson, in 1894. She lived two years. He was
94
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
married again February 23, 1898, to Elizabeth McHeny Crandall, a
daughter of Rev. D. VV. and Mary K. (McHenry) Crandall of
Wolfville, Nova Scotia. Mary K. McHenry was the granddaughter
of the Rev. I. E. Bell, D. D., for many years pastor of the German
Street Baptist Church, St. John, and one of the leaders of public
thought of that time. His only daughter, Mary Ann, who became the
mother of Mary K. McHenry, after attending a school in Massa-
chusetts, became principal of the first Baptist school for young ladies
in Nova Scotia. This school was opened at Nictaux in 1845, she
becoming its principal although only seventeen years of age. Her
father was pastor of the Nictaux church at that time. She managed
the school successfully for seven years until her marriage with
Thomas McHenry, who was a descendant in direct line from Brian
Baru, the last king to rule over all Ireland.
To Dr. Freeman and his second wife a daughter has been born,
Dorothy Grace Dean Freeman, whose birth occurred January i, 1899.
JAMES BAIN.
A well known and capable railroad man is James Bain, general
superintendent of the Halifax ;md Southwestern Railway Company,
with headquarters at Bridgewater, Lunenburg County. He has spent
his active life in railroad service, and the fact that he has attained
to a responsible position in the field in which his talents have been
employed indicates that he is not only a man of capacity and perse-
verance but also of reliability and honor.
Mr. Bain was born in Pictou Island, Pictou County, Nova Scotia,
May 24, 1860. He is a son of Thomas Middleton Bain and Margaret
Ann (Campbell) Bain. The father was born at Cromarty, Roth-
shire, Scotland, and the mother was also a native of that country.
There they grew to maturity, attended school and were married, and
two children were born to them there, one of whom died, on the
voyage to America. The father first located at Pictou Town, where
he remained a few years, then removed to New Glasgow, and finally
to Stellarton, where he spent the balance of his life. For many years
he was overground foreman for the Acadia Coal Company. His
family consisted of seven sons and two daughters, of whom James
Bain of this sketch was the fourth in order of birth.
Mr. Bain of this review spent his boyhood in New Glasgow where
he attended the public schools, also the schools of Stellarton. And
when but a boy his railroad career in the last named town as mes-
HISTORY OF XOVA SCOTIA. 95
senger for the Western Union Telegraph Company, where he learned
the telegraph business, becoming an operator, and continued to work
in Stellarton two years, then returned to school for a short time,
afterwards accepting a position with the Intercolonial Railroad at
Truro, where he spent one year, then went to Stellarton to take charge
of the station there, and he continued in that position until 1879,
in which year he was promoted to train dispatcher and returned to
Truro, continuing there until 1885, then accepted a position on the
Direct Cable staff at Tor Bay, and remained there until offered a
position as train dispatcher of the Halifax & Cape Breton Company,
and remained with this company until the road was bought and taken
over by the federal government and merged into the Intercolonial
Railroad when he went to the States and accepted a position as train
dispatcher for the Missouri Pacific Railroad at St. Louis, Missouri.
Having been requested by Charles A. Scott, general manager for the
Nova Scotia government to keep in touch with him for future de-
velopments, Mr. Scott's intention and hope being to amalgamate all
Nova Scotia railroads and build missing links, then to operate a
direct line of steamers between New York, Boston, and Nova Scotia
and Newfoundland points. After remaining in St. Louis a year, Mr.
Scott's associate, a Mr. Plunkett died, and our subject was informed
that Mr. Scott's project had fallen through, but that his brother,
James G. Scott, general manager of the Quebec & Lake St. John
Railroad, wanted a man and that he had recommended Mr. Bain.
The latter was advised to accept the position, as the prospects were
good for this road to grow into an important system. Our subject
thereupon returned to Canada and began working for the above
named road, with which he continued for a period of twenty-one
years, first as train dispatcher, then as assistant general manager,
later as superintendent of the line, including the Great Northern Rail-
road of Canada, which extended to Hawksburg, Ontario. All of
these lines are now a part of the Canadian Northern System. In
December, 1907, Mr. Bain was requested by the management to re-
move to Nova Scotia and take charge of the Halifax & Southwestern
Railroad, which position he still holds, and is giving his usual high
grade and satisfactory service. He resides at Bridgewater, Lunen-
burg County.
During the twenty-one years that Mr. Bain was connected with
the Quebec & Lake St. John Railroad, not a passenger was injured
on that road, a phenomenal record in those days of new railroads.
g6 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Mr. Bain was married March 17, 1886, to Louise Ross of New
Glasgow. She is a daughter of Duncan Ross, a baker of that town.
To our subject and wife the following children have been born:
Louise Campbell is now the wife of Harold L. Seifert of Quebec;
Roderick Ross died at the age of sixteen years; Margaret Winifred
is now a trained nurse in Jeffry Male's Hospital, in Quebec; Charles
Grant is a medical student in Dalhousie University; James Raymond
and Annie Jean are attending high school in Bridgewater.
GEORGE ALBERT HUBLEY.
One of the enterprising young merchants of Bridgewater, Lunen-
burg County is George Albert Hubley, who is rapidly forging ahead
because he is willing- to hustle and deal honestly with his fellow men.
These are two of the principal factors in winning success in the
mercantile field, and unless one has them he might as well take up
something else for sooner or later he will be compelled to step down
and out.
Mr. Hubley was born in the above named county, on September
6, 1872, and here he has resided most of his life. He is a son of
Augustus and Selina (Westhaver) Hubley, both natives of Lunen-
burg County also, where they grew up, attended school and were
married. The family is of German descent. The father was a
millwright by trade. Grandfather Hubley devoted his life to farm-
ing, and grandfather Westhaver was a sea captain. Three Hubley
brothers immigrated from Germany to Nova Scotia in the early days,
one of them locating near Halifax.
George A. Hubley received part of his education in the public
school of Parkens Cove, whither the family removed in 1873, spend-
ing ten years there, returning to Bridgewater in 1883. He began
clerking at an early age, which he continued until 1899, then began
business for himself in a small way after the big fire in Bridgewater.
Having been employed by the firm of G. M. Smith & Company of
Halifax at the time of the fire, he saw a good opportunity and grasped
it, and he has steadily forged ahead ever since. He purchased one
of his present stores in the fall of 1910, buying another in 1912, and
also added a large warehouse. In 1912 he merged his business into
the Hubley Company, Limited, he having bought the store and prop-
erty in which he now conducts a large gent's furnishing store, the
other lines he conducts being dry goods exclusively. He has built
up a very large trade with his town and surrounding country through
'6
Z*7-"-"*
9;
K\\\ WM. vorxc.
Chief Justice of XOVM Scoth
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 97
his prices are always right, according to many of his customers.
He carries large stocks of goods at all seasons, carefully selected and
his prices are always right, according to many of his customers.
His stores are neat and modernly appointed, up-to-date in every
respect.
Mr. Hubley has remained unmarried, having preferred to give
his attention exclusively to his business.
Politically, he is a Liberal. He belongs to the Masonic Order
and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He is a member of the
Baptist church.
JOHN STRUTHERS, M. D.
There are always valuable lessons to be gained in pursuing the
life histories of such men as the late Dr. John Struthers, one of
Kings County's most able professional men of a past generation,
whose life forcibly illustrated what energy, integrity and fixed pur-
pose can accomplish when animated by noble aims and correct ideals.
During the years of his residence at Kentville he held the unequivocal
esteem of those with whom he came in contact, for he was a man
whom to know was to trust and admire, owing to his many com-
mendable attributes of head and heart.
Dr. Struthers was born in Kentville, Nova Scotia, in the year 1841.
He was a son of Robert George and Eliza (Davidson) Struthers,
the father born in Ayrshire, Scotland, and the mother in Kings
County, Nova Scotia. The father was a minister in the Presbyterian
church. He received his education in the University of Glasgow,
and was licensed by the Presbytery of Ayr in 1818. He preached
at New Cumnock for some time. He offered his services to the
Colonial Society of the Church of Scotland in 1827. and was ac-
cepted and ordained by the Presbytery of Glasgow, and proceeded
to Horton, Nova Scotia, where he remained five years then accepted
a call to Demarara where he spent over three years. He returned
to Nova Scotia in 1836 and was successor to Forsyth in the Corn-
wallis congregation during the balance of his life. He was an able
preacher and a man of culture and helpfulness, deeply interested in
educational affairs. His death occurred March 19, 1857, at the age
of fifty-nine years.
Dr. Struthers was educated in the public school and Dalhousie
University, later attending Bellevue Medical Hospital in New York
(7)
98 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
City, where he was graduated. Returning to Nova Scotia he began
the practice of his profession at Kentville and there spent the rest
of his life successfully engaged in the practice of his profession.
He enjoyed an excellent reputation as a surgeon.
Dr. Struthers was married in 1866 to Catherine D. Davison,
representative of one of the well known old families of the Province,
a record of whom will be found in another part of this work. Two
children were born to our subject and wife, namely: Austin Flint,
who is now connected with the New Germany Pulp Mills, and Alena
Davison, who is at home.
Dr. Struthers was called away from earthly scenes in 1882, at
the early age of forty-one years, when in the prime of life and use-
fulness.
ROBERT THORNTON MACK.
There are few more inspiring aphorisms in our tongue than
Emerson's famous "Hitch your wagon to a star." Posterity is in-
debted to the Sage of Concord for the crisp and noble counsel so
universally needed. The privilege belongs to us all of gearing our
lives up to lofty motives, of glorifying our commonplace and prosaic
days with ideal sentiments and aspirations. Some such ideal
has dominated the life of Robert Thornton Alack, principal of the
Academy at Bridgewater.
Professor Mack was born in Londonderry, Colchester County,
Nova Scotia, July 21, 1879, and is a son of Rev. Robert Barry Mack,
and Ellen S. (Killer) Mack, and a grandson of Doren and Charlotte
(Barry) Mack, and a great grandson of Samuel and Sophia (Knowles)
Mack. Samuel Mack, Sr., was the great-great-grandfather. The family
came to Nova Scotia in the earliest pioneer days and descendants have
been well known ever since. The father of our subject was ordained
a Methodist minister in the Nova Scotia conference, and most of his
pastroate work was in this Province. He is now living retired in
Truro, where he and his wife have a cosey home. To them two sons
and two daughter were born, one of the latter being deceased, the
subject of this sketch being the youngest.
The elementary education of Robert T. Mack, owing to his
father's occupation, was secured at different places, since the family
was compelled to move often. After a high school course at Truro
he entered the Normal school, then began teaching in Yarmouth
County at Tusket, continuing there two years, then taught in various
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 99
places, including two years at Bridgewater, later teaching two years
jn other schools. When the present commodious modern Academy
at Bridgewater was completed, he accepted the principalship and is
still discharging his duties in this connection in an able and satisfac-
tory manner. He has tweleve teachers under him, doing high school
work, manuenl (training and domestic science in addition to thq
academic course. He has introduced many improved methods and is
known as one of the most enterprising, up-to-date and far-seeing
educators in this section of the Province. He is a man of executive
ability and everything about the academy is under a superb system.
Professor Mack was married in December, 1904, to Ida Caroline
Hatfield, of Tusket, Yarmouth County, a daughter of Herbert H.
Hatfield, of an old respected Loyalist family. To this union two
children have been born Helen Frances, and Adolphus Smith Lent
Mack.
CHARLES UNIACKE MADER.
There is no doubt that success in life depends in making a proper
selection of the work for which we are best fitted by nature and
inclination. How many second or third-class ministers, lawyers, phy-
sicians there are who might have made remarkable success as agricul-
turists, merchants, or mechanics. Charles Uniacke Mader, a success-
ful business man of Mahone Bay, Lunenburg County, studied him-
self and found out what he was capable of doing and what he was
unfitted for, so he wisely selected a practical calling and has made a
comfortable living.
Mr. Mader was born at Maders Cove, Lunenburg County, April
10, 1856. He is a son of Francis and Mary (Andrews) Mader.
The father was born in the same vicinity as was our subject, and
the mother was a native of Indian Point, Lunenburg County, in which
county was also born Adam Mader, the grandfather. Bernard Mader,
the great grandfather, was a native of Germany, from which country
he came to Nova Scotia and was one of the original German colon-
ists, locating at a point in Lunenburg County, which took the family
name and has since been known as Mader's Cove. The immigrant
ancestor had several sons, namely: Adam, Frederick, George and
John. The last named never married, but the other three reared
families and continued to reside in that locality. A brother of the
original immigrant located at Northwest Range and his family moved
to the vicinity of New Canada, Lunenburg County. They followed
100 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
farming, fishing and ship building. The grandfather followed the
same line of endeavor and became a sea captain. All these older
members of the Mader family lived to advanced ages, one aunt reach-
ing almost the century mark.
Francis Mader grew up on the farm and continued in the same line
of endeavor as his ancestors. He reared a family of six sons and
one daughter, of whom the subject of this review was the youngest.
Charles U. Mader received his early education in the public schools
of his native community, in fact, he had no opportunity to obtain a
higher text-book training. He started out in life on his own account
when only fourteen years of age, becoming a clerk in a general store
where he remained until 1880, during which time he became familiar
with the various phases of merchantile life. He also spent a year in
Halifax, when a boy, clerking with E. & C. Stayner. In 1880 he
began business on his own account in Mahone Bay, in a small way,
but by good management and honest and courteous dealings he built
up a large and satisfactory business in later years. He first
rented a small room, but his quarters had to be enlarged from time
to time and many years ago purchased his present commodious quar-
ters, to which he later added to and now has a modern store, which
he built in 1887. He carries an extensive stock of general merchan-
dise. He has also gone into the fishing business, maintaining a large
fleet for some time, but he has now sold most of his vessels, keeping
two ships of one hundred tons each. He is deserving of a great deal
of credit for what he has accomplished unaided and along legitimate
lines.
Mr. Mader was married in 1880 to Martha Ernest, a daughter of
Frederick Ernest, one of the early settlers of Mahone Bay. The death
of Mrs. Mader occurred in 1883. To this union one child was born
Jennie, now the wife of A. L. Skerry, who is in England with the
Canadian troops at this writing (1915). Mr. Mader was married a
second time, on May 13, 1884, his last wife being known in her
maidenhood as Charlotte A. Keddy, of Mahone Bay, and a daughter
of Alexander Keddy, of Scotch stock. To this union one son was
born Frank U. Mader, who is associated with his father in busi-
ness.
Politically Mr. Mader has been active in public affairs for some
time. He was elected a member of the Provincial Parliament in 1904,
and served two terms in a most creditable manner, so satisfactorily,
in fact, that he was re-elected in 1906, his first election being a by-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. IOI
election. He has also served on the school board and has taken great
interest in the welfare of his town and community, and stands
deservedly high among the people.
WILFRID NORTHUP COCHRAN, M. D.
There is perhaps no more studious physician in Lunenburg County
than Dr. Wilfrid Northup Cochran, of Mahone Bay; for he realized at
the outset of his career that medicine was a science practically
unlimited in its scope and that a life-time was not even sufficient to
master it in its various phases. Therefore he has studied assiduously
to render himself as proficient as possible in his chosen calling.
Dr. Cochran was born at Newport. Nova Scotia, July i, 1877.
He is a son of Charles and Annie (Chambers) Cochran, both also
natives of the town of Newport, each representing pioneer families,
and there these parents grew to maturity, attending school and were
married. The father devoted his life to farming and for many years
was a justice of the peace. His death occurred in 1913 at the age
of seventy-nine years. His father, John Cochran, was also a native
of Newport, and was a son of Terence Cochran, who was a native
of Ireland from which country he came to Nova Scotia, establishing
the future home of the family at Newport in a very early day, and
there he carved a farm from the wilderness, devoting the balance of
his life to farming there. His son, John Cochran, spent his life there
as a merchant.
Dr. Cochran was the sixth child in order of birth in a family
of seven children, four of whom are still living. He grew to man-
hood on the home farm and received his elementary education in
the public schools, then went to boarding school at Horton Landing,
after which he qualified in Halifax Academy, then entered Dalhousie
University, from which he was graduated from the medical depart-
ment in 1901 with the degree of Doctor of Medicine. For some time
thereafter he worked as interne in the Victoria General Hospital. He
then went to Cape Breton where he practiced for about three years,
after which he came to Mahone Bay, Lunenburg County, where he
has since remained and has built up a very satisfactory general prac-
tice, which extends over considerable territory.
Dr. Cochran was married in July, 1911, to Nora Nicol, of Mahone
Bay. She is a daughter of Thomas Ogilvie Geddis Nicol, a native
of Aberdeen, Scotland, who immigrated to Nova Scotia when young
and established his future home at Mahone Bay, Lunenburg County.
IO2 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
To the Doctor and wife one child has been born, Edward Breton
Nicol.
A brother of our subject, Francis James Albro Cochran, is a prac-
ticing physician in Glace Bay, Cape Breton.
Politically, Dr. Cochran is a Conservative, and he has frequently
been solicited to take public office, but has never cared to do so,
preferring to stick close to his profession in which he tries to keep
fully abreast of the times. He is a member of the Lunenburg-
Queens Counties Medical Society and the Canadian Medical Asso-
ciation. He attends the annual meetings of the same. Fraternally,
be belongs to the Masonic Blue Lodge.
The Doctor's ;grandfather, John Cochran, had three brothers
who were merchants. Felix was a store-keeper near Brooklyn, Hants
County; James F. operated a store at Brooklyn under the firm name
of James F. Cochran & Sons. Hon. Arthur McNutt Cochran ran a
store at Maitland, Hants County. He was for some time a member
of the Local Legislature.
WILLOUGHBY BRENT, M. D.
To achieve success in any of the learned professions requires
indefatigable energy and perseverance, no matter how much natural
talent one may have to begin with. Realizing this fact, Dr. Willoughy
Brent, a widely-known general physician of Malone Bay, Lunenburg
County, has remained a close student of all that pertains to his voca-
tion and has therefore met with encouraging success.
Dr. Brent was born in Newcastle, Ontario, in September, 1867,
and is a son of Henry and Frances (Cummeys) Brent, the father a
native of England and the mother of Cippiewa, Ontario. Henry
Brent, the grandfather, was a native of England. The latter immi-
grated to Canada late in life, spending his later years in Kingston,
Ontario. The Doctor's father was one of four brothers and he
studied for the ministry. For forty-nine years he was retcor of St.
George's Church at Newcastle, Ontario. That he was greatly beloved
by his congregation is indicated by his long retention as pastor. He
lived to the age of seventy-eight years. His family consisted of four
daughters and three sons. Charles Henry Brent, his eldest son,
became a minister, rising to distinction in the Episcopal Church, and
at this writing is Bishop of the Philippine Islands. He is a noted
divine and an eloquent and forceful pulpit orator. He was chairman
of the opium commission which was held at the Hague. Maurice
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 103
Brent, another brother of our subject, became a successful educator
and at the time of his death, some years ago, was superintendent
of the Lincoln School in Boston, Massachusetts. He lived only
thirty-four years.
Dr. Willoughby Brent received his early education in the public
schools, then studied at Trinity School, Port Hope, later entering
Toronto University, from which institution he was graduated in
1897. Returning to Nova Scotia he began the practice of medi-
cine at Mahone Bay, Lunenburg County, where he has since remained
and has built up a large practice.
Dr. Brent was married in 1903 to Edith Ellen Scott of New-
castle, Ontario. She is a daughter of David Scott and wife of that
place, and there she was educated. Three children have been born
to our subject and wife, namely: Charles Morris Brent, Willoughby
Scott Brent and Francis Lee Brent.
The Doctor is a member of the Lunenburg-Oueens Counties Medi-
cal Society. He spent a year at work in Royal Infirmary, at Edin-
burg, Scotland, and later in St. Bartholomew Hospital, London.
HARRY LEONCE MITCHENER, D. D. S.
The profession of dentistry has an able exponent in Lunenburg
County in the person of Dr. Harry Leonce Mitchener of Mahone Bay,
a man who, judging from his large success, is not only well qualified
by nature for his chosen life work ln.it who has also spared neither
pains nor expense in equipping himself for the same.
Dr. Mitchener was born in Liverpool, Nova Scotia, June i, 1876.
He is a son of Rufus and Lydia D. (Uhlman) Mitchener. The
father was born in 1848 at Mt. Denson, Hants County; and the
mother was born at Caledonia, Queens County. The grandfather
was a native of England, from which country he emigrated, when a
young man, to Nova Scotia, locating at Mt. Denson, Hants County.
He was a master mariner, and continued to follow the sea after com-
ing to the new world. He died in Vera Cruz, Mexico of yellow
fever. The father of our subject also followed the sea, becoming a
master mariner. The Doctor has a pair of binoculars upon which is
the following inscription : "Presented by Her Majesty's Govern-
ment to Capt. Rufus Mitchener of the barque Recovery, of Windsor,
Nova Scotia in acknowledgement of his humanity and kindness to
the ship-wrecked crew of the brigantine Woodlands, which was
IO4 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
abandoned at sea in a sinking condition on the I5th of April, 1881."
Thirty-one years later, April 12, 1912, he was buried.
When twenty-four years of age the father of the subject of
this sketch received his master certificate, in 1872. Later he made a
trip around the world in the ship Kambira of nineteen hundred and
fifty-two tons, ending the voyage in London, England, where the ship
was sold. In all his years at sea he never lost a ship until after his
retirement, when he attempted to take a vessel from Sydney to Wind-
sor. In a hurricane off Shelburne the schooner sprang a leak, but
he managed to get her into St. Thomas, where she was condemned
and sold. In Dunkirk the crew of his ship won the medal as a
ship's crew for rowing, open to all ships crews in that port. Capt.
Mitchener had some narrow escapes, having had both legs broken
and other severe injuries at various times, which injuries hastened
his death, which occurred 'when he was sixty-four years of age. His
wife died in Kentville in 1914 at an advanced age.
Great-Grandfather Uhlman was a native of Germany, from which
country he came to what is now known as River Port, Nova Scotia,
and there established his future home. After his death (lost at sea
and all his crew) his widow and family moved to Chelsea, Lunen-
burg County, where all the sons and daughters were married.
Doctor Mitchener is the elder of the two children, a sister, Laura
D., wife of S. L. Cross, Kentville, was graduated from the Ladies
College at Sackville. Our subject received his elementary education
in the public schools and the Academy at Kentville, then took a course
in the Truro Business College, after which he became clerk and
secretary to the superintendent of the Dominion Atlantic Railroad,
which position he held for about three years, giving excellent satis-
faction, but he did not like the idea of spending his life in railroad
service, and went to Philadelphia, where he entered the Pennsylvania
College of Dental Surgery, where he made an excellent record and
from which institution he was graduated in 1900. He returned to
Nova Scotia and located at Mahone Bay, Lunenburg County, where
he began the practice of his profession in which he was successful
from the first, and here he has continued to the present time, having
built up a large and lucrative practice.
Dr. Mitchener was married September 15, 1909, to Eva Rudder-
ham of North Sydney, Nova Scotia, who is a daughter of Capt. David
Rudderham.
The Doctor enlisted in the Seventy-fifth Regiment in 1904 at
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. IO5
Mahone Bay, under Captain Mossman, and served as adjutant for
two years. On January I, 1912, he was transferred to the Canada
Army Medical Corps as dental surgeon. In 1914 on the formation
of the first contingent, located at Valcartier, he volunteered and was
accepted and was located at No. 2, General Hospital, and for a time
was the only dentist of the medical corps service there. He gets
diversion in yatching, hunting and fishing and other outdoor sports.
He is something of a journalist and is correspondent for some of
the leading daily papers of Canada. Politically, he is a Liberal.
Fraternally, he belongs to the Masonic Order in which he is a past
master, also belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, in
which he was district deputy grand master, also recording secre-
tary for years.
RIGHT REV. AIONSIGNOR DALY.
One of the eminent churchmen of Nova Scotia of a past genera-
tion was the late Right Rev. Monsignor Daly, of Halifax, a great
scholar and useful citizen. He was at all times a most companion-
able man, and by those with whom he was closely associated his per-
sonality was regarded as rare in the strength and firmness of attitude
and its loyalty to the accepted views of his mind. His characteristics
of fearlessness and steadfastness in whatever he undertook rendered
him the warmest of friends or the strongest of opponents in any
cause. He had the welfare of his city and Province at heart and did
all in his power to promote the general good.
Monsignor Daly was born in Halifax on February 20, 1837.
There he grew to manhood and was educated in the Halifax schools
and in the Province of Quebec. He was ordained priest in 1861.
His first parish was at Chezzetcook. Later he was transferred to
Halifax and for many years was private secretary to the late Arch-
bishop Connolly. After the death of the latter our subject took up
pastoral work at Windsor, which he continued there until 1893,
when he became pastor of St. Joseph's church, Halifax, and vicar-
general of the archdiocese of Halifax. In 1899 he was made domes-
tic prelate to his holiness the Pope.
The death of Monsignor Daly occurred in Halifax, September
28, 1914, at St. Joseph's Glebe house. For upwards of a year he had
been seriously ill and his death was not unexpected. He was sev-
enty-seven years old. His death removed one of the best known
citizens of Halifax. Kindly, gracious and dignified, he was a type of
I0 6 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
the old-time priest and gentleman. He was really a link between the
present and the past. He was universally respected, and had many
warm friends outside of his denomination. Zealous in the discharge
of his duties as a pastor, keenly interested in all movements for the
public good, tender and kindly to those who needed sympathy, court-
eous and tolerant towards all classes, the late Monsignor Daly was a
model clergyman, and the news of his death caused general sorrow.
The jubilee of Monsignor Daly's ordination to the priesthood
was celebrated on July 9, 1911. In anticipation of this a presenta-
tion was made to him on the evening of July 7th of that year, at the
School for tire Bliad. Many of the prominent men of the Province
took part in the exercises.
ROBERT GORDON MACLELLAN, M. D.
Dr. Robert Gordon Maclellan, of Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, is the
second son of Robert Maclellan, LL. D., of Pictou. Dr. R. G.
Maclellan was born at Pictou. He received his preliminary educa-
tion in the schools of that town and at Pictou Academy. In 1905 he
entered Dalhousie Medical College, from which, after a most credit-
able course, he was graduated Doctor of Medicine and Master of
Surgery, in 1909. Subsequent to graduation he served as house
surgeon, first in the Nova Scotia Hospital and, later, in the Victoria
General Hospital. At the end of 1910 he entered upon a general
medical practice at Mahone Bay, whence he removed shortly after-
wards to Lunenburg Town, where he now enjoys an extensive and
rapidly increasing practice. In 1913 he married Hazel Primrose, of
Pictou, youngest daughter of the late Honorable Clarence Primrose,
Senator.
ROBERT EMMETT FINN, K. C.
In the list of present-day barristers of Nova Scotia, the name of
Robert Emmett Finn, of Halifax, must not be overlooked. He has
only attained the half-way house along the thoroughfare of human
years, and has rapidly risen to an influential and prominent place in
his profession. He is a well read lawyer, a ready debater, an indus-
trious, indomitable worker, and a skilful tactician.
Mr. Finn was born in Dartmouth, Halifax county, Nova Scotia,
June 10, 1877, and early in life removed to Halifax, where he has
been content to spend his life. He is a son of John and Mary (Far-
rell) Finn, both of Irish descent.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. IO7
Mr. Finn grew to manhood in his native county, and he received
his early education in the public schools at Dartmouth and the La
Salle Academy at Halifax, from which institution he was graduated,
then entered Dalhousie University, where he made an excellent rec-
ord and was graduated from the law school with the degree of
Bachelor of Laws. After being admitted to the bar he began the
practice of his profession in Halifax, where he has since been one
of the busy and successful barristers, enjoying an ever-growing
clientage. In 1914 he was appointed by the lieutenant-governor-in-
Council one of His Majesty's Counsel learned in the Law.
On June 17, 1902, he was united in marriage to Anna Louise
Russell, a daughter of the Hon. Mr. Justice Russell of the Supreme
Court of Nova Scotia. To this union one son was 1>orn Benjamin
Dominick Finn.
Mr. Finn has long been influential and active in public affairs.
He was elected president of the Charitable Irish Society, of Halifax,
in February, 1912, and again in 1913. He is a versatile writer and a
journalist of ability, and when the Boer war broke out he accompan-
ied the Canadian contingent to South Africa as a war correspondent,
leaving Halifax on the steamer Milwaukee, February 21, 1900. Being
a keen observer and a graphic writer, with a proper instinct of how
to discover news and how best to shape it when discovered, his trip
to that far-away land was a success and his articles in the home press
attracted widespread attention and comment.
Mr. Finn was first elected to the Legislative Assembly at the gen-
eral election, June 20, 1906, by a majority of one thousand and ten,
which shows his great popularity among his home people. He made
such a highly commendable record that he was re-elected to this office
in 1911, and he is still discharging his duties in this connection in a
faithful and able manner. He is a Liberal, and in religion is a Ro-
man Catholic.
REV. EDWARD MANNING.
The Baptists of Nova Scotia had a great man in Rev. Edward
Manning, who was one of the most useful and influential divines
in this country in pioneer times, and the good he accomplished can-
not be measured in metes and bounds, for his influence is still
potent.
He was born in Ireland, about the year 1766, of Roman Catholic
parentage. He came to Falmouth, Nova Scotia, when quite young.
I0 8 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
In 1776 when about ten years old he heard Henry Alline preach in
Falmouth, and was strongly impressed and was converted to Christ
in 1789, under the ministry of Rev. John Payzant. He soon
decided to enter the ministry and was ordained over the Congrega-
tional church at Cornwallis, in 1795. However, he embraced Bap-
tist sentiments soon after his ordination, and was baptised by Rev.
T. H. Chipman at Annapolis, in 1798, and in due course of time
became one of the leading preachers of any denomination in the
Maritime Provinces. He was one of the most powerful, practical
and wise leaders in the founding and establishing of the Baptist
denomination in Xov?. Scotia. In the year 1807 the church at
Cornwallis, over which he presided for more than fifty years,
adopted the Baptist faith and practice.
Air. Manning was one of the founders of Horton Academy and
Acadia College and was one of the stanchest friends of these insti-
tutions during the rest of his life. He did much in a general way
to further educational work in the Province. He lived to an advanced
age, dying January 12, 1851.
An evidence of the prevailing liberal sentiments in the Newlight
churches of the early days, that they retained Edward Manning as
their pastor for nine years after he was immersed. At the meeting
of the "Baptist and Congregational Association" at Cornwallis,
June 20, 1 799, he was appointed to prepare a plan for an association
to be laid before the next session of the tody, which was held at
Lower Granville June 23, 1800. His plan was adopted at that
time. The name "Congregational" was dropped, and the Association
was called "The Baptist Association of Nova Scotia." He founded
churches and did much in various ways to promote the interests
of his denomination in New Brunswick, being the first to preach
the gospel in Charlotte County and other sections.
In physical stature he was taller than his compeers. He meas-
ured nearly six feet and five inches and in later life was well pro-
portioned to his height. His head was large, with high, broad fore-
head, indicating great brain power; his eyes dark and piercing, and
his walk majestic. The breadth of his mind was proportioned to
the size of his body. The Creator endowed him with an intellect of
marvelous capabilities. He was a torn leader of men. He was a
rigid disciplinarian. For years he towered above all others in the
Baptist ministry in the Maritime Provinces. He discerned the signs
of the times and examined them with a searching analysis. His
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. log
endowments were of the highest order. He advocated good edu-
cations for the ministers of his denomination, believing that religion
and education went hand in hand for the betterment of the world.
JOSEPH HOWE AUSTEN.
One of the well known and progressive business men of Halifax
is Joseph Howe Austen, whose activities in this vicinity cover a
period of half a century. He labored so consecutively and managed
so judiciously that he finally became manager of a thriving business.
Mr. Austen was born at Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, October 3, 1850,
and is a son of Joseph and Sophia A. (Elliot) Austen, the father a
native of Halifax and the mother of Dartmouth, her birth having
occurred on August 28, 1821. She grew to womanhood in her native
town and her first marriage took place on May 17, 1840, to John
Graham, whose death occurred April 28, 1843; to tn i s union one
daughter was born. She and Joseph Austen were married on Sep-
tember 17, 1848, and to their union eight sons and one daughter were
born, the subject of this sketch being the second in order of birth.
Mrs. Austen's mother was Sophia Elizabeth Cornwall, who mar-
ried John Elliot on July 30, 1808. She was born August 13, 1787,
and died August 13, 1859; her husband died November 26, 1862.
Her mother's maiden name was Sophia Elizabeth Houseal, who mar-
ried Dr. Daniel Cornwall in September, 1 787, who, according to
Sabine, was a Loyalist, and during the American Revolution was a
lieutenant in the regiment of South Carolina Royalist Dragoons. She
died in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The maiden name of her mother was
Sybilla Margaretha Mayer, a daughter of Christopher Bartholomew
Mayer. She was born August 4, 1733, at Ulm. In the spring of
1752 she was married in Rotterdam, Holland, to the Rev. Bernard
Michael Houseal, a son of Rev. Bernard Houseal, of Heilbrown,
Wurtemburg, was born in 1727. and died in Halifax, Nova Scotia,
on Saturday. March 9, 1799, after which she lived with her children
and grandchildren and died at Stonehouse. Devonshire, England.
Their marriage took place at Amsterdam, just as the bride's parents,
sister and two brothers were embarking for America, and the newly
married couple accompanied them. The ship took them to Annapolis,
Maryland, but the entire party went on to Fredericktown, or Mono-
cacy Station, as it was called, in western Maryland, which locality
was then a wilderness, but was attractive to immigrants, especially
the Germans on account of the richness of the soil and healthful
110 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
climate. The Houseals and Mayers stopped there and the Rev. Mr.
Houseal began his work as a clergyman of the Evangelical Lutheran
church. On donated land he began building the first church in that
district, but was stopped owing to the outbreak of the French and
Indian war.
Christopher Bartholomew Mayer died in 1772, his widow, sons
and remaining daughter removing to Pennsylvania, but Rev. Mr.
Houseal continued to reside in Fredericktown until 1759, when he
moved to Readingtown, where he preached until 1768, then went to
Easton and possibly to Philadelphia. In 1770 he was transferred
to Xew York, being senior minister of the ancient Lutheran church,
one of the governors of New York College and one of the corpora-
tors of the Xew York Hospital. When the trouble started which
led to the Revolutionary war he took his stand at once as an adher-
ent to the Crown. From records in New York he was loud in his
declarations of loyalty to England. When the British took possession
of the capital, his church and dwelling were burned and his family
forced to fly to the fields. He remained in New York until 1783,
when he and many of his congregation departed for Nova Scotia,
where the British representatives welcomed him and provided for
him and his three sons and seven daughters. He received the chap-
lancy of a regiment from the Duke of Kent. After his death his
widow and some of his children were returned to England free of
charge by the Duke of Kent. His numerous children had remark-
able careers, his sons becoming prominent both in the navy and army.
Brantz Mayer collected and published a memoir and genealogy
of this family, especially as relating to those of Maryland and Penn-
sylvania. It shows that the family originated in the free imperial
city of Ulm, Wurtembnrg, and it gives the record of the family from
1495 to 1878. The work was issued in a handsome edition and pri-
vately printed for family use only by William R. Boyle & Son of
Baltimore, Maryland.
Joseph H. Austen, of this sketch, grew to manhood in Dartmouth
and was educated in the public schools there. When a young man
he worked in the hardware and ship chainery business with the firm
of Edward Albro & Company from September 15, 1865, until the
spring of 1877 and has continued the same to the present time, hav-
ing through his industry and good management built up a large
business.
Mr. Austen was married on October 8, 1872, to Annie J. Keat-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. Ill
ing, a daughter of William and Elizabeth (Brodie) Keating, of
Dartmouth. The death of Mrs. Austen occurred November 12, 1891.
He was married a second time, his last wife being Hettie Collins, of
Port Headway, Nova Scotia. This union was without issue, but
eleven children were born of his first marriage, named as follows :
Robie White died October 18, 1876; Annie May, William Keating
died November 25, 1876; Inglis, Bessie Luella, Brantz Mayer, Jos-
eph Howe, Arthur Soden; Nora Hayward, died November 12, 1891;
Eva died December 10, 1895; and Katie Drury is the youngest.
Politically, Mr. Austen is a Liberal, and fraternally he is a mem-
ber of the A. F. Masons and Lodge No. 51, of the Order of Eastern
Star.
Harry Ede Austen, who was for a number of years a member
of the firm of Austen Brothers, of Halifax, but who resided in
Dartmouth, was born in March, 1854, and entered business in Hali-
fax in 1877, forming a partnership with his brother, Joseph H.
Austen, subject of this review, under the firm name of Austen Broth-
ers. In 1909, owing to ill health, he retired from the firm, which
has since been conducted as a joint stock company in the name of
Austen Brothers, Limited.
He was the third son of the late Joseph and Sophia Almy Austen.
He married Ethel M. Elliot, daughter of the late Henry and Eliza-
beth Elliot. To this union four children were born, namely : Harold
E., of the firm of Austen Brothers, Limited; and Louise, wife of
Kenneth N. Forbes, of Halifax; Robie Cornwall died in 1905; and
Nellie M. died in 1907.
Mr. Austen was a direct descendant of the Reverend Bernard
Michael Houseal, first rector of the old Dutch Chicken-Cock Church,
one of the historic landmarks of Halifax. Sofiah Elizabeth, the fifth
daughter of Mr. Houseal, married Daniel Cornwall. Of this union
there were six children. Of these Sofiah Elizabeth married John
Elliot, whose daughter, Sophia Almy, married Joseph Austen, father
of Harry Ede Austen. In addition to the hitter's business activities,
he was a naturalist and taxidermist of exceptional ability, and his
collection of specimens brought together during fifteen years of ac-
tive work, is one of the finest ever made of our native birds, consist-
ing of some six hundred mountings of exceptional rarity and beauty.
The death of Harry Ede Austen occurred January 22, 1915.
Besides his widow and two children he was survived by two broth-
ers and one sister Joseph H. and Percy, both of the firm of Austen
H2 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Brothers, Limited; and Mrs. Isabell Fulmer, of Berwick, Kings
county. He is remembered as a man of genial disposition, and
formed many enduring friendships. He was well known as a sports-
man and lover of nature and wild life animals, birds and insects,
and his death was greatly deplored by a wide circle of friends and
acquaintances throughout the Province and elsewhere.
REV. DONALD M. MACADAM.
Worry comes from failure to think properly, so we are com-
manded to consider, be still and know, and to remember that we
live and move and have our being in the same universal spirit which
has expressed itself in all -the wonders of the material universe. Even
a flower is the unfolding of a vast divine plan. So the wise do not
worry, but go ahead and perform their tasks from day to day as best
they can. Rev. Donald M. MacAdam, parish priest at Sydney, Xova
Scotia, is an advocate of such a doctrine, and he scatters sunshine
instead of weaving a pall of gloom wherever he goes. He was born
at East Bay, Cape Breton, February 3, 1867. and is a son of John
and Teresa MacAdam. the former born in August, 1837, and the
hitter's birth occurred March 17, 1839.
Hugh MacDonald's history of the MacDonalds tells of a certain
"Ednmnd More Obrian," who, in the service of Ronald Ban Mac-
Donald, of Clanranald, distinguished himself at the battle of Bloody
Bay, fought about 1480. Big Edmond's descendants remained in
Moidart, where we find them about the end of the eighteenth cen-
tury settled on the banks of the river Ailort. In Gaelic they were
called Adamsons or MacAdams. It was only after coming to this
country that the latter form prevailed. Some of them came to Prince
Edward Island with the Glenaladale immigration about 1780, the
remainder coming direct to Antigonish and Cape Breton at a later
date. They are not connected with the MacAdams of MacGregor
descent. Among the maternal ancestors of our subject may be men-
tioned a great-great-grandfather, Capt. John MacDonald, of Eraser's
Highlanders. He was wounded at the taking of Louisburg in 1758,
and was afterwards with Wolfe at Quebec. When his regiment was
disbanded he received a large grant of land in Pictou county, where
many of his descendants are today to be found.
Father Donald M. MacAdam made his arts course at St. Francis
Xavier College, Antigonish, took a special course in science at Mc-
Gill University, Montreal, also at Harvard University, Cambridge,
Street Scene.
Harbor Scene.
SCENES IN YARMOUTH.
Collins Street.
View from Grand Hotel.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 113
Massachusetts, and he studied theology at Grand Seminary, Mont-
real. He was ordained priest on August 6, 1893. He was one of
the professors at St. Francis Xavier College from 1893 to 1900. Dur-
ing the latter year he was appointed parish priest of the Sacred Heart
Parish, Sydney, and he has remained there to the present time, hav-
ing built up the work very perceptibly during these fifteen years, and
he is popular with his congregation.
BOWMAN BROWN LAW, M. P.
"Through struggle to triumph" seems to be the maxim which
holds sway with the majority of people ,that is, those who attain to
a successful goal at all, must find it after arduous effort. And,
though it is undoubtedly true that many fall exhausted in the con-
flict, a few, by their inherent force of character and strong mentality,
rise above their environment, and all which seems to hinder them,
until they reach the plane of affluence toward which their face was
set through the long years of struggle that must necessarily precede
any accomplishment of great magnitude. Such was the history,
briefly stated, of the late Bowman Brown Law. who was for some
time one of the best known public men of Nova Scotia.
Mr. Law, who, for many years was one of the leading business
men of Yarmouth, was born at Douglass, Massachusetts, July 29,
1855. He was a son of Hon. William and Mary Law, the father
of Irish and the mother of American descent.
Mr. Law was brought to Yarmouth by his parents when young
in years and there he grew to manhood and attended school. On
January 13, 1880, he was united in marriage to Agnes M. Lovitt, a
daughter of Capt. Joseph B. Lovitt of Yarmouth, where he has been
a leading merchant for many years.
Taking an active interest in public affairs, Mr. Law became town
councillor of Yarmouth, which position he held six and one-half
years. He was first returned to the House of Commons at a by-elec-
tion, December 3, 1902, to fill a vacancy caused by the appointment
of T. B. Flint as clerk of the House of Commons. Mr. Law was
re-elected at the general elections in 1904, 1908 and 1911, with the
largest majority ever given a member of that county. This would
indicate that he had discharged his duties earnestly, faithfully and
honestly and had the confidence of the people.
Mr. Law was very successful in a business way, and until his
(8)
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
death conducted the mercantile business established at Yarmouth by
his father in 1860. He was a director of the Canadian Wood Work-
ing Company, Limited, also a director of the Yarmouth Hospital
Society. He was president of the Yarmouth Mountain Cemetery
Company. Politically, he was a Liberal, and religiously, a Methodist.
Mr. Law met a tragic and untimely death in the fire that destroyed
the Parliament building at Ottawa, in February, 1916.
DR. JUDSON BURPEE BLACK, M. D.
In the history of Hants County in connection with the medical
profession, the name of Dr. Judson Burpee Black, of Windsor, must
necessarily occupy a prominent place, for through a number of de-
cades he has been one of the representative and trusted general phy-
sicians of this locality progressive, enterprising and capable. Such
qualities as he possesses by nature always win success sooner or later.
Dr. Black was born at St. Martin's, New Brunswick, August 15,
1842, and he is a son of Thomas H. Black, who was born in Armagh,
Ireland, where he spent his earlier years, finally immigrating to Canada
and for many years resided at St. Martin's, New Brunswick, where
he became well established through his industry. The mother of the
Doctor was known in her maidenhood as Mary Fownes.
Dr. Black received his education in the public schools of St. Mar-
tin's and the schools of St. John, New Brunswick, later attending
Mt. Allison University. After leaving Mt. Allison he studied medi-
cine for two years in the office of his brother Dr. W. T. Black, of
St. Stephen, New Brunswick. He then entered Berkshire Medical
College and afterwards the University of Philadelphia, graduating
in 1867. In 1890 he received the degree of M. D. from Dartmouth
Medical College. He first began the practice of his profession at
Hantsport and he located in Windsor, Hants County, in the year
1871 and here he has remained to the present time, enjoying a large
and lucrative practice. He has kept well to the front on all matters
pertaining to his profession, taking frequent clinics at the post-gradu-
ate colleges of New York, and he was vice-president of the Canadian
Medical Association during 1904-5. He was president of the Nova
Scotia Medical Society in 1906-7, and he was president of the Hants
County Medical Society in 1905-6.
Politically, Dr. Black is a Liberal and he has long been a leader
in his party in Hants County. He was a member of the House of
Commons from Hants County from 1904 till 1911 and has discharged
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 115
his duties in this important position in a manner that has reflected
much credit upon himself and to the eminent satisfaction of the
people. Among the many commendable things which he has done
was to move for the establishment of a federal bureau of health in
1908. He also introduced in 1910 the bill' for uniform registration
of medical practitioners in Canada and carried it to successful issue
in face of some opposition in the West. A somewhat similar bill
was introduced in 1902 by Dr. Roddick of Montreal but was defeated.
He has ever made his influence felt for the general good among his
colleagues, and he is a speaker of rare power and force.
In religious matters he is a member of the Methodist church.
Dr. Black was married in May. 1864, to Bessie Churchill, a
daughter of the late Senato'r Churchill of Windsor, Nova Scotia.
GEORGE ARCHIBALD HALL.
In treating of men and characters, the biographer contemplates
them, and not according to conceptions of his own. He is not sup-
posed to entertain any favoritism, to have any likes or dislikes, or
caprices of any kind to gratify, or to not have any special standard
of excellence. He will try to set forth the plain facts, to tell of
the individual as his neighbors know him. George A. Hall, collector
of customs at Truro, Nova Scotia, measures up well by such a
standard.
Mr. Hall was born November 29, 1858, at Truro, and is a son
of George H. and Elizabeth (Archibald) Hall. His great-great
grandfather was one of four brothers who settled in Truro in 1762,
three years after the first settlers arrived from New England, and
four generations have spent their lives in Truro and were active
members in promoting the upbuilding of the community in their day
and generation. The father died in 1861 when the subject of our
sketch was barely three years old, but his mother survived till 1915,
having reached the ripe age of eighty-seven years.
Our subject received his early education in the common and
high schools of Truro and engaged actively in mercantile pursuits
in his home town for a period of twenty years, then turned his
attention to the newspaper field, becoming manager of The Sun, also
The Citizen, the fortunes of which he directed in an able manner
for about five years. He organized the first Board of Trade in
Truro in 1887, and it still continues a strong factor in the business
Il6 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
life of Truro. For twenty years Mr. Hall was prominently identi-
fied with the political history of Colchester County.
In 1913, upon the death of George P. Nelson, he was appointed
collector of customs of the Port of Truro, which position he has
held to the present time in an eminently satisfactory manner.
SIR EDWARD KENNY.
In every life of honor and usefulness there is no dearth of inter-
esting situations and incidents, and yet in summing up such a career
as that of the late Sir Edward Kenny, for many years one of the
leading public men of Nova Scotia, his being a most useful and
praiseworthy career, the writer must need touch only on the more
salient facts, giving the keynote of the character and eliminating all
that is superfluous to the continuity of the narrative.
He was born in the year 1800 and died in 1891, thus living
ninety-one years. He was a member of the first government of the
Dominion of Canada, representing therein the Irish people of the
Dominion. He afterwards served for a short time as lieutenant-
governor of Nova Scotia, after the death of Joseph Howe, then re-
tired to private life. He was a man of considerable business ability,
clear-headed, moderate and of sound judgment, aided by an unusual
share of good looks. Fortune smiled upon him and he amassed more
than a competence, which he expended with a generosity typical of
his race. It is said of him that he never refused alms to any one
who sought his aid; and his hospitality in the fifties and sixties was
proverbial. Another Irish instinct was his love of horses, and riding
and driving, especially the former, no doubt contributed to the good
health which he enjoyed through an unusually long life.
Sir Edward Kenny's eldest son, Thomas Edward Kenny, was born
1833 and died in 1908. He represented Halifax in the Dominion
Parliament from 1887 to 1896. He was offered, but refused, the
portfolio of Finance in the Bowell ministry shortly before it went out
of office. He was one of the leading financiers of the Dominion,
and he helped found the Royal Bank of Canada and lived to see it
develop under his presidency from the small beginnings of the Mer-
chants' Bank of Halifax to the commanding position it now occupies
among the financial institutions of the country. With a good voice,
a keen sense of humor and a very real and kindly geniality of nature,
Mr. Kenny took high rank among the speakers of his day in the
House of Commons. Halifax was then fortunate in being able to
II (,
HON. J. W. JOHXSTOXE.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 117
command the parliamentary service of two of its most prominent
residents, Mr. Kenny and Hon. A. G. Jones, the leading men in their
respective parties. To Mr. Kenny public life was distasteful and
meant the sacrifice of personal inclinations, and it was only at the
request of Sir John Macdonald and with much reluctance that he
accepted the party nomination. Hs was an ardent imperialist, a
warm believer in British institutions, and always took pains to show
that home rule for Ireland was not only compatible with imperialism
but was the best way to make Ireland imperial. Like his father Mr.
Kenny was a broad-minded man of the highest integrity and with
strong religious ideals. Although an active and industrious man
of business he never became so immersed in material things as to
forget or overlook the amenities of life, the beauties of nature, the
Irish instinct of hospitality, the needs of the poor, the love of a jest
these were all things that made a strong appeal to him.
HON. JAMES WILLIAM JOHNSTONE.
One of the greatest names one encounters in perusing the chron-
icles relating to the past and present of Nova Scotia is that of the
Hon. James William Johnstone.
He was by descent a Scotchman and by birth a West Indian.
His grandfather, Dr. Lewis Johnstone, was born in Scotland and
claimed to be entitled to the now long dormant title of Marquis of
Annandale, but never pressed his claim in the courts. He married
Laleah Peyton, a lady of Huguenot descent, and settled in Savannah,
Georgia, then a British colony, where he owned an estate called
Annandale. Previous to the Revolutionary War, Dr. Johnstone
filled the office of president of the council and treasurer of the colony
of Georgia. When the war broke out his sons all entered the British
army. His eldest son, William Martin Johnstone, father of the
subject of this sketch, held the rank of captain of the New York
Volunteers in 1775. He was engaged in the defense of Savannah,
was at the capture of Fort Montgomery on the Hudson, and took
part in various other engagements during the war. At its close Dr.
Johnstone returned to Scotland and Captain Johnstone, who had
lost all his property in consequence of espousing the cause of Britain,
studied medicine, and was graduated from the University of Edin-
burgh. He married Elizabeth Lichtenstein, the only daughter of
Capt. John Lichtenstein, of the noble and ancient Austrian family
of that name. Captain Johnstone subsequently moved to Kingston,
U8 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Jamaica, where his son, James William Johnstone, was born on
August 29, 1792.
Our subject was early sent to Scotland for his education. The
family afterwards settled permanently in Nova Scotia, and our sub-
ject studied law in Annapolis and was admitted to the bar in 1815.
He commenced the practice of his profession in Kentville, but soon
removed to Halifax and entered into partnership with Simon B.
Robie, at that time the leading lawyer in this Province. Mr. John-
stone rose rapidly in his profession and soon attained the highest
rank, which he continued to hold unchallenged until his elevation to
the bench of the Supreme Court. He was especially strong in cross-
examination ; also good at repartee, had an excellent memory and
was a forceful and convincing pleader; rising to the occasion his
bursts of impassioned eloquence swept with the force of a tornado
carrying all before it. In the year 1835 he was appointed solicitor-
general of the Province, which office was then non-political, but in
1838 he entered the Legislative Council and commenced his political
life, and at once became the acknowledged leader of the Conservative
party. On the elevation of Hon. S. G. W. Archibald to the Court
of Chancery as master of the rolls in 1843, Mr. Johnstone was ap-
pointed attorney-general, and at the general election held in that year,
resigned his seat in the Legislative Council, and stood for the im-
portant county of Annapolis for which he was returned by a large
majority, and which constituency he continued uninterruptedly to
represent in the House of Assembly until 1863, when he took his seat
on the bench. One of the first acts he placed on the statute book
was the simultaneous polling Act, which provided for the holding
of elections throughout the Province on one and the same day, in-
stead of being held at different times, as previously. He also suc-
cessfully advocated the introduction of denominational colleges, and
their partial endowment by the state. He was one of the delegates
selected to meet Lord Durham, the high commissioner for settling
the difficulties in Canada, and to confer with him on contemplated
changes in colonial government. He was the first statesman who,
in the halls of legislature, advocated the union or confederation of
the North American colonies. In 1854, on the floor of the Nova
Scotia House of Assembly he made a notable speech in favor of con-
federation. However, he had retired from public life before the
details of the scheme was worked out and put into effect. In 1857,
while attorney-general, he went to England to adjust the differences
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 1 19
that for years existed between the Province and the General Mining
Association. A compromise was finally effected. In 1863 he ac-
cepted a seat on the bench as judge in Equity and judge of the
Supreme Court. His duties were faithfully performed and his de-
cisions were clear, logical and exhaustive expositions of the law.
In 1872 he made a trip to France for the benefit of his health but
continued to decline, and he was compelled to refuse the offer of
the lieutenant-governorship the following year.
Early in life he joined the Baptist church and was a faithful
member to the end. The Baptist Academy at Wolfville and Acadia
College owe their existence very largely to his efforts. He was one
of the first governors of the latter. He was several times elected
president of the Baptist Convention of the Maritime Provinces.
He was twice married, first to Amelia E. Almon, a daughter of
Dr. William J. Almon, by whom he had three sons and three daugh-
ters. His second wife was Mrs. Louise Wentworth, widow of Cap-
tain Wentworth of the Royal Artillery, by whom he had one daugh-
ter and three sons.
Mr. Johnstone's death occurred at Cheltenham, England, Novem-
ber 21, 1873, at the age of eighty-one years.
HON. LT.-COL. DONALD ALEXANDER CAMPBELL, M. D.
It is a pleasure to write the biography of a man who has forced
his way from the common ranks up the ladder of professional suc-
cess, having overcome obstacles that would have downed, and does
down, myriads of men of less sterling fiber. But this is just the
thing that Dr. Donald Alexander Campbell, well known physician of
Halifax, has done, and he is therefore entitled to his success and to
the respect that is accorded him by a wide acquaintance in Nova
Scotia, where he is also widely known for his commendable services
in offices of high public trust.
Dr. Campbell was born at Eastern Passage, Halifax County.
Nova Scotia, October 26, 1852, and is a son of the late Duncan and
Catherine Campbell. The family removed to Truro in 1860, where
he received his early education. He later entered Dalhousie College,
graduating from the medical department in 1874 with the degree of
Doctor of Medicine and Master of Surgery. He has been one of
the leading general practitioners and surgeons in Halifax during the
past forty years. He has long been professor of medicine in Dal-
housie College. He is a governor of Dalhousie University. He is
I2O HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
also an examiner of the local branch of the Royal Sanitary Institute.
He was an active member of the Sixty-Third Regiment for many
years. He possesses the long service decoration. He was elected
president of the Mayflower Curling Club in 1906. He was gazetted
Honorable Lieutenant-Colonel, February 6, 1906.
Dr. Campbell married Catherine Fanning, of Newfoundland.
WILLIAM JAMES STAIRS.
In studying a clean-cut, sane, distinct character like that of the
late William James Stairs of Halifax, interpretation follows fact in
a straight line of derivation. There is small use for indirection or
puzzling. His character was the positive expression of a strong
nature. As has been said of him, ''He was distinctively one of the
notable business men of his day and generation, and as such is entitled
to a conspicuous place in the annals of his city and Province." He
was a member of one of the old and influential families of Nova Scotia,
and in his lifetime engaged widely in various business pursuits and
as the head of a number of concerns which bore his name.
Mr. Stairs was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, September 24, 1819,
and his death occurred February 27, 1906. He was a son of William
Stairs. He grew to manhood in his native city, and here became a
successful merchant, his father, William, being the founder of the
hardware firm of William Stairs. Son & Morrow, Ltd. He was
very successful in the same, building up one of the largest firms of
its kind in the Province. He also founded the Dartmouth Rope
Works, which he built up to large proportions, but it finally passed
into the hands of the Consumers Cordage Company. He was a
director in the Starr Manufacturing Company, and was president of
the Union Bank of Halifax for fifteen years. He took an active part
in the deliberations of the Halifax Chamber of Commerce. He was
always ready to assist, with either time or means, in the furtherance
of any movement having for its object the betterment or upbuilding
of his home city. He affiliated with the Presbyterian church. In
1871 he became identified with the Conservative party, and -was an
admirer of Joseph Howe. He sat in the Legislative Council for
three years, beginning in 1868.
Mr. Stairs was married on June 16, 1845, to Susan Morrow, the
eldest daughter of John Morrow and wife. To this marriage the
following children were born: John F. Stairs, born January 19,
1848, married Charlotte Jane Fogo, April 27, 1870, she being the
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 121
only child of James and Jane Fogo; she was born at Pictou, Nova
Scotia, October 21, 1847, and died in Halifax, May 28, 1886; John
F. Stairs died at Toronto, September 26, 1904; his family consisted
of eight children. James Wiseman Stairs, third child of the subject
of this sketch, was born May 15, 1851, married Jane Macdonald,
November 12, 1873, she having been born March 18, 1851, and to
their union three children were born. Edward Stairs, the fifth child,
was born July 10, 1854, married on Octo1>er 23, 1878, Isabella Boyd
Scott, who was born April 14, 1856, and to their union ten children
were born. George Stairs, the sixth child, was born February 29,
1856, married Helen MacKenzie, October i, 1884; her death oc-
curred April 13, 1894; to their marriage five children were born.
Herbert Stairs, the seventh child, was born March 21, 1859. married
Bessie Eaton, September 21, 1881 ; she was born October n, 1860;
four children were born of this union. Gavin Long Stairs, the
eighth child, was born September 21, 1861, married Ellie Cox in
December, 1885, and to their union five children were born, namely:
Katherine, whose birth occurred December 18, 1886, died March 14,
1890; Gordon S., born August 31, 1889; Herbert M., born June 15,
1891; Graham, born April 14, 1894; Gavin, born June 22, 1896.
Mary Ann Stairs, second child of our subject, was born September
20, 1849, married, May 18, 1882, Charles Macdonald, and died July
24, 1883, his death occurring March IT, 1901; to their union one
child was born. Margaret W. Stairs, fourth child of our subject,
was born March 26, 1853, married, June 16. 1880, Alfred John
Townend, who was born July 5, 1839, and to their union nine chil-
dren were born.
GEORGE A. COX.
It requires peculiar natural characteristics to succeed as a real
estate man, at least it would seem so, for not all who enter this field
succeed, as has George A. Cox of Halifax. It requires courage,
initiative, a knowledge of values of various kinds of properties, an
earnest and convincing manner and if continued and pronouced suc-
cess is aimed at, honesty and integrity must be among ones attributes.
Mr. Cox was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, November 5, 1879.
He is a son of Abram J. and Rose M. (Marsh) Cox. The father
was born in Kings County, this Province, and is now living in Hali-
fax. The mother was a native of the State of Maine, and is now
deceased.
122 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
George A. Cox was brought to Halifax by his parents when
young and here he grew to manhood and received his education.
He was a commercial traveler for several years during his earlier
career. In 1912 he engaged in the real estate and insurance business
here under the firm name of George A. Cox, the Real Estate Man,
and he has been fairly successful from the first, his business con-
stantly growing.
Mr. Cox was married August 13, 1900, to Ethel M. Blakney, a
daughter of M. and Elizabeth Blakney, of Halifax, and to this union
five children have been born, namely : Evelyn, born October 30,
1901, died when twelve days old; Muriel M., born June 13, 1903;
Roy L., born December 24, 1905; Irene W., born December 25, 1908;
Rita R., born February 26, 1913.
Politically, Mr. Cox is a Conservative. He was a member of
the city council for two years, during 1913 and 1914. He is a mem-
ber of the Baptist church. Fraternally, he is a member of the
Masonic Order, and the Loyal Order of Moose.
CLARENCE H. MORRIS, M. D.
Among the able and conscientious physicians of Hants County,
the name of Dr. Clarence H. Morris stands high in the list, as those
who know him well will readily acquiesce. He was born in the
above mentioned county, in November. 1872, and is a son of Capt.
David and Jessie (Yuile) Morris, the father a native of Hants
County, Nova Scotia, and the mother was born in Scotland, from
which country she came to Canada when young in years.
Dr. Morris received his education in the common schools of his
native locality and in Halifax, later attending Mount Allison Uni-
versity, Dalhousie University and McGill University, making an ex-
cellent record in each, receiving his degree of Doctor of Medicine
from the last named. He began the practice of his profession in
Windsor, Hants County, in 1899, and here he continued with grati-
fying success until in August, 1914, when he enlisted in No. i,
Stationary Hospital, at the outbreak of the European war, for over-
seas service. The following October he was sent to England, and
in February, 1915, went to the front in Flanders and has there been
engaged in active service ever since.
Dr. Morris was married October 3, 1900, to Jean Smith, a daugh-
ter of John M. and Ida E. (Scott) Smith, of Windsor, and to this
union four children have been bom, namely : Geoffrey, born October
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 123
22, 1902; Clare, born June 12, 1904; Gilbert, born March 4, 1907;
and David, born January 28, 1912.
Dr. Morris is a member of the Canadian Medical Association and
the local medical societies. He belongs to the Presbyterian church.
GEORGE PARKER ARCHIBALD.
Ruskin says that \ve are always given strength enough and sense
enough for what nature intended us to do, and that, whatever we
are doing, we cannot be properly fulfilling our earthly mission if we
are not happy ourselves. A part of our service to the world is un-
questionably cheerfulness, and unless we are happy in our work and
in the life we lead among men we are withholding something that
is essential to true serviceableness. George Parker Archibald, the
present well-known municipal clerk and municipal treasurer of Hali-
fax County, is a man who is cheerful in his daily tasks, thus making
them much lighter to perform.
Mr. Archibald was born at Elder Bank, Musquodoboit, Halifax
County, December 28, 1865. He is a son of Donald and Grizell
(McLaughlin) Archibald, the latter a native of Middle Stewiacke,
Colchester County; the father was born at Musquodoboit, Halifax
County, in 1840 and his death occurred in 1908. Matthew Archi-
bald, the grandfather, followed farming, and the father of our sub-
ject also devoted his life to farming and buying cattle, and about 1860
he began in the mining business at Tangier, this Province, also at
Moose River. In 1883 he was appointed high sheriff of Halifax
County, which office he held until his death in 1908. During this
period he also continued his mining operations in which he met with
fair success. His widow is still living at the age of seventy-five
years and enjoys good health. She makes her home with her son,
George Parker Archibald.
George P. Archibald received his education in the public schools
at Elder Bank, from which place he removed with the family in 1883
to Halifax where he attended the city schools, later taking a course in
the Frazee-Whiston Commercial College. He then entered the office
with his father and continued in the same until 1899 when he was
appointed municipal treasurer, which office he held until 1909 when
he was also appointed municipal clerk, since which time he has been
discharging the duties of both clerk and treasurer, in a manner that
has reflected much credit upon himself and to the eminent satisfac-
tion of all concerned.
124 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Mr. Archibald has remained unmarried. Fraternally, he is a
member of the Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, being a master
Mason of St. Andrews Lodge No. I. He is also a member of the
North British Society; he also belongs to the Independent Order of
Odd Fellows (the American order) and he has passed the chairs
of the local lodge. Politically, he is a Liberal.
SAMUEL GEORGE WILLIAM ARCHIBALD.
Nova Scotia has had her fair share of able, useful and eloquent
men. Many of them have done and said things which ought not to
be forgotten, and it would seem there is no one of them, taking him
for all in all, of whom the Province has greater reason to be proud
than the gentleman whose name forms the caption of this sketch.
The birth of Samuel G. W. Archibald occurred at Truro, Nova
Scotia, February 5, 17/7. His family came from Ireland in 1762
and located at Truro. The race had originally come from Scotland.
He was a grandson of Daniel Archibald, leader of the new colony at
Truro, whose eldest son, Samuel Archibald, was born in Londonderry,
Ireland, became, like his father, active in public affairs, and died at
Truro in 1780. He was engaged in the lumber business. In 1783
the widow married John McKeen and the family removed to St.
Mary's, and our subject lived with his grandfather until he was
fifteen years old and received his education in the local schools and
in the academy at Haverhill, Massachusetts, also at Andover Acad-
emy, that state, returning home in 1796. At that time he intended
entering the Presbyterian ministry and remained an active worker in
the church all his life. But he went to work as prothonotary of the
Supreme Court and clerk of the peace for the district of Colchester.
About 1800 he began studying law in the office of Mr. Robie, and two
years later, while still a law student he married Elizabeth Dickson.
He was admitted to the bar in 1805 and the following year was
elected one of the members of the county of Halifax from 1806 when
he entered the Assembly until 1841, when he left it, he took a leading
part iu all the public questions which arose during that long period.
A history of his life for that time is very much the history of the
Province. Perhaps no other man contributed so much to mould the
institutions and shape the destinies of Nova Scotia. His name ap-
pears more and more prominent as time goes by. In his earlier
career in the Assembly he did much to give the Province good roads
and bridges. He also did much for a better system of education,
HON. SAMUEL GEORGE WILLIAM ARCHIBALD, LL.D.
Born Truro, X. S., 177C Died at Halifax, 1842.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 125
remaining a staunch friend of the academies and colleges to the last.
His position in the Assembly does not seem to have interfered with
his practice at the bar and he rose to the front rank of the same in
this Province, and after twelve years of successful practice he was
appointed King's counsel in 1817. The following year he acted as
surrogate general in the admiralty, giving judgment in several cases.
He was retained in many notable and important cases and was very
successful in the courts. As a forensic orator he had no superiors
and few peers. In 1822 he l>egan taking a deep interest in improv-
ing agricultural conditions throughout the Province. He became a
member of the Halifax Agricultural Society and worked to promote
the cultivation of cereal crops, and thus prevent the drain on our
resources, arising from the importation of breadstuff's, and he erected
a stand of mills at Truro at his own expense.
In 1822, the University of Glasgow conferred on Air. Archibald
the degree of Doctor of Laws. In 1824 be visited Kngland and
continental Europe. He became speaker of the House in 1825 and
again in 1827. He was chief justice of Cape Breton Island for
four years, during which time he effected much improvement in the
courts there. In 1825 he was appointed solicitor-general. He de-
clined the puisne judgeship in 1830. He was appointed acting at-
torney-general not long thereafter. During this period he was re-
peatedly returned to the House for Colchester, and took a lively
interest in the important questions which came up from time to time,
making great speeches on various occasions and his influence was
most potent for the general good.
He became Master of the Rolls and Judge of Admiralty Court,
April 29, 1841. He came to the bench well qualified for its impor-
tant duties and his record as judge was a most commendable one.
There were some cases coming before him which involved nice and
difficult questions, but he disposed of them rapidly, showing an
amount of legal lore and of sound judgment for which many mem-
bers of the bar were unprepared. The series of decrees pronounced
by him during the five years he sat on the bench, form a record of
which no judge would need to be ashamed.
The death of Judge Archibald occurred very suddenly on Janu-
ary 28, 1846.
His first wife died May 13, 1830. She was the mother of a large
family ; five of their sons grew to manhood. His second wife was
Mrs. Brinley, the widow of a British officer. To this union three
daughters were born, one of whom died in infancy.
I2 6 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
THE MACLELLAN FAMILY.
In the year 1773, a party, promoted by the Earl of Selkirk, was
organized at Lockerbie, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, for emigration to
Prince Edward Island, then called St. John's Island, where the Earl
had extensive land concessions. The party was made up of several
younger sons of land-owners of the Scottish Border Counties, of ten-
ant-fanners and of farm laborers. They chartered their own vessel,
and sailed from the port of Annan, Dumfriesshire. At Georgetown,
where they first landed, they encountered serious misfortunes. In
1775, a band of them removed to Pictou, Nova Scotia, where they
settled permanently.
Of that band, was Anthony Maclellan, born in 1720, second son
of Thomas Maclellan, Laird of Craigneil, Ayrshire, by his marriage,
on May 21, 1716. with Elizabeth, daughter of Hugh Alexander,
Laird of Drumnochrain, Ayrshire. Thomas Maclellan of Craigneil
was the great-great-grandson of that Sir Thomas Maclellan of Bom-
bay who, in 1582, completed the building of Kirkcudbright Castle, of
which a writer in Chamber's Encyclopaedia says : ''The ivy-mantled
ruins of the castle built by Maclellan of Bombay still dominate the
town. 1 ' The Maclellans of Bombay were for generations, hereditary
sheriffs of the ancient Principality of Galloway, in the southwest of
Scotland.
As the direct descendant of a long line of leading Scottish men
and women Anthony Maclellan naturally proved a valuable acquisition
to the young Nova Scotia colony. He brought with him very con-
siderable means, according to the standards of the period. He
brought with him something much better worth noting a well-
chosen and well-bound library. In spite of the fact that his dwelling,
and afterwards that of his son Anthony, who succeeded him, were
destroyed by fire, with most of their contents, a few of those books
are still in existence. One of them then newly published bears
interesting evidence in connection with homely repairs to its binding,
made in 1828. The year is fixed by parts of the London Times and
a local journal of that date used in the mending, strengthened with
Nova Scotia birch bark to replace the original card-board filling of
the leather covering.
Anthony Maclellan purchased from the Philadelphia Company,
the original grantee, and from various of its grantees, large tracts of
land at West River. His dwelling stood on the west side of the
river, a little south of the present Durham Church, and about opposite
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 12J
the northwest corner of the Durham Cemetery. It was he who gave
to the public the site of that cemetery and of the "Old Church"
adjoining. He was the first man, and, with the exception of a Mrs.
Gerrard, and her new-born child, the first person buried there. With
the exception of Mrs. Gerrard's, his is the oldest marked grave in
Pictou County.
Anthony Maclellan's lands extended from the elbow of the West
River where it crosses to the east bank, just below Durham, to the
northern boundary of the Clark lands, a mile and a half farther up
the river. It stretched west, the same distance, to the front of
Roger's Hill, the block being a mile and a half square. In addition,
he owned a block of land on the east side of the river, out of which
the cemetery and church lots came, extending from the river to the
top of Green Hill. He also owned the large farm on the Half-Mile
Brook which descended to his youngest grandson, the late John
Maclellan, and is now owned by his great grandson, James D.
Maclellan, together with other lands, on both sides of the Half-Mile
Brook, down to the West River at Lochbroom Bridge.
Anthony Maclellan and his eldest son James were enrolled for
service during the American Revolutionary War; but, as the people
of Nova Scotia, with few exceptions, remained loyal, they were not
called upon for active military duties.
James Maclellan, Anthony Maclellan's eldest son, was accidentally
killed in 1793, by a fall and his only surviving brother, Anthony, suc-
ceeded to his father's lands, which apparently had been entailed, as
was quite customary in Xova Scotia at that time and later. During
the life of Anthony, junior, the lands were partitioned among the
members of his numerous family, each son and daughter receiving a
large farm. Considerable portions of them were also sold. On the
homestead sprang up, about 1820, the once flourishing village of
Durham. Small lots in the village were sold by him at from twenty-
five to fifty pounds, and larger lots at from one hundred to one hun-
dred and fifty pounds. Only one farm out of the many into which
his original property has since been divided and subdivided now re-
mains in the possession of one of his name that owned and occupied
by James D. Maclellan, J. P., who inherited from his father, the late
John Maclellan who, as had been his father and grandfather before
him, was of the Commission of the Peace for Nova Scotia and a
member of the old Court of. Sessions for the County of Pictou.
Anthony Maclellan, junior, died in 1839.
I2 8 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
The late John Maclellan, of Durham, born 1813, like his fore-
fathers, was a leader in social and religious movements. He was an
elder in the Presbyterian church. He was a member of the original
Temperance society organized at Durham, in October, 1827, which
was the first of its kind in Nova Scotia, and the second in British
North America. He was, for a number of years, general assessor
for the County of I'ictou. He served as referee on the Board of
Arbitration appointed to adjust the claims for land damages which
arose in connection with the extension of the railway from Truro
to New Glasgow, the other two members of the Board being the late
Roderick McGregor. Esq., father of ex-Governor James D. McGregor.
and the late Lawrence Millar, Esq. John Maclellan died in 1890.
The full family name, as signed by Anthony, senior, and his son
Anthony, is Maclellan. "Maclellan" is merely a convenient abbrevia-
tion. "McLellan" i.s a kindred but different name. "McLennan,"
sometimes confused with "McLellan,'' is a Highland clan-name, and
bears no relationship whatever to Maclellan which is distinctively a
Lowland family name.
Of the male descendants of Anthony Maclellan, senior, bearing
his name, there remain in Nova Scotia only one aged great-grandson,
Nathan, at Windsor, and one great, great grandson Elwood at Brook-
field, Colchester County, in addition to Dr. Robert Maclellan of
Pictou. W. E. Maclellan, of Halifax, and James D. Maclellan of
Durham, the three surviving sons of the late John Maclellan. James
D. Maclellan has an only surviving son, Albert, in Edmonton. Alberta.
\V. E. Maclellan has an only surviving son, Edward Kirkpatrick,
now "at the front," who has an infant son, Roljert William, the
great-great-great-grandson of Anthony Maclellan, senior. Robert
Maclellan has two surviving sons, Edward Arnold of the head-
quarters staff of the Bank of Nova Scotia, Toronto, and Robert Gor-
don, M. D., in Lunenburg, Nova Scotia. There are also two sur-
viving sons of the late Anthony Thomas Maclellan, eldest son of the
late John Maclellan, George and John, at Indian Head, Saskatchewan,
whither their father removed in 1882, where he was an extensive
real estate owner, and where he held the appointments of justice of
the peace and notary public. In his younger days he served as cap-
tain of Company No. i and adjutant of the Eighth Nova Scotia
Regiment Pictou County; and was "called out" during the Fenian
raids. Apart from those named there are probably now only two,
or possibly three, other surviving descendants of Anthony Maclellan,
The Ljite Reverend Cr.-int. (i. M. <;.. I'nnci|>:il. Queens ruivcrsity. A Xative of
Pk'tim, X. S.
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH AXL> I'OST OFFICE, NORTH SYDNEY
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 1 29
senior, bearing his name; and they are far distant from Nova Scotia
and Canada.
Writing of Anthony Maclellan, senior, the author of "Pictonians
at Home and Abroad," in his chapters on "the Pioneers of Pictou,"
says: ''In the list of his descendants are to be found the names of
thirteen clergymen, six barristers, seven physicians, one member of
the Dominion Parliament and many successful business men."
Three of his descendants, ranking as captains, are now "at the
front" in the present European War one bearing his name. Two
of them are with the Canadian forces and one with the regular
British army.
WILLIAM ALEXANDER HENRY.
There was a time in the world's history when lawyers were not
known, but the day finally came when civilization routed the forces
of barbarism and law and order arose among the tribes of men. It
was necessary for some men to make and enforce laws, to try to replace
discord with harmony. Now the legal profession is regarded through-
out the world as indispensable. Lawyers have become so intimately
associated with every department of business, in every part of our
civil and social polity, that society cannot well get along without
them. One of the successful lawyers of Halifax is William Alex-
ander Henry.
Mr. Henry was born at Antigonish, Nova Scotia, March 19,
1863. He is a son of the late Hon. W. A. Henry, judge of the
Supreme court of Canada, and younger brother of the late Hon.
Hugh McD. Henry, Judge of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia.
Our subject was educated in Halifax, Lycee de Tours, France,
Merchiston Castle School, Scotland, Harvard University, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, receiving the de-
gree of Bachelor of Laws from the last named institution in 1886,
and was admitted to the bar in 1887. He was made a King's coun-
sel in 1907. He is a member of the well known legal firm of Henry,
Rogers, Harris & Stewart, Halifax, and here he has long been re-
garded as one of the leading lawyers of the local bar, being retained
in many important cases and enjoying a lucrative and satisfactory
connection. He is one of the best all-round athletes in Canada
equally well known at football, hockey, lacrosse, golf and cricket, and
as a runner and jumper. He was for years captain of the Wander-
(9)
130 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
ers' football and cricket teams. He played cricket for Canada against
the United States in 1886, 1888, 1896, and 1897. As a school boy
he made a record at Edinburgh in 1880, of 5.03 2/5 for mile run.
He led the batting of the Canadian cricket team in England, in 1887,
making eighty-eight in forty-six minutes against Dr. Grace's twelve.
He is a member of the Halifax Golf Club, and of the Halifax Club.
The publication known as Turf, Field and Farm said of him that he
was the finest half-back ever seen in Xew York.
In May, 1892, he was united in marriage with Minna H. Troop,
a daughter of George J. Troop, a well known merchant of Halifax.
They have three children, two boys and a girl.
WILLARD HILL FULTON.
One of the well known members of the bar in Halifax who has
met with a flattering support from the public and those seeking pro-
fessional counsel and aid is Willard Hill Fulton. He is a good
lawyer, and possesses the main-springs to prosperity and success
integrity, fidelity and honesty, without which few succeed. He has
never taken a very active interest in public affairs, for it is within
the realm of the law where he finds the more profitable and congenial
field of action.
Mr. Fulton was born in Economy, Xova Scotia, and is a son of
Harlan and Ellen C. (Hill) Fulton, both natives also of Economy,
where they grew to maturity, attended school, were married and
established their home. They each represented old families of that
vicinity. Thomas Fulton, the grandfather, was born and reared
there and made his home in that vicinity. His father was the pro-
genitor of the family in Xova Scotia, whither he came in an early
day from the Xorth of Ireland, where he was born. He developed
a home from the wilderness here and devoted his subsequent life to
farming. The original property is now owned by Adam Lewis, a
relative of our subject. Thomas Fulton, the grandfather, was a man
of unusual vigor and industry, and he was a devout member of the
Baptist church. He lived to an advanced age. The father of our
subject engaged in farming in his earlier years, and removed to
Halifax where he engaged in mercantile pursuits in which he was
fairly successful. He was a good citizen and was active in the affairs
of the Baptist church. His death occurred in 1901 at the age of
sixty-five years. His widow is still living. Of their two children
our subject was the eldest.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 13!
Willard H. Fulton grew up at Economy and there he attended
the public schools and graduated from the high school at Halifax,
and later was a student at Dalhousie University, where he took the
Arts course, and was graduated in 1889 with the degree of Bachelor
of Arts, then entered the law department of that institution, from
which he was graduated in 1892 and soon thereafter was admitted
to the bar. He was a law student with Meagher, Drysdal, New-
combe and Mclnnes, and he continued with that firm, and about 1896
became a member of the firm of Drysdale & Mclnnes and in 1907 of
the present firm of Mclnnes, Mellish, Fulton & Kenny, one of the
best known legal firms in Nova Scotia, and he has remained in this
firm to the present time.
He is a Baptist in his religious affiliations, but politically he is
independent.
Mr. Fulton was married in October, 1899, to Therza B. Schaffner,
a daughter of Samuel C. Schaffner, of Granville Ferry, Annapolis
County. This union has been without issue.
JAMES LAYTON RALSTON.
James Layton Ralston, formerly of Amherst, Nova Scotia, but
for the past five years of Halifax has gained a position at the front
rank of the bar while yet a young man, his career being noted for
strength, fidelity and honor in his character. The relations between
him and his clients have ever been loyal and genuine. Among his
professional brethren he is noted for his thorough knowledge of the
law, not only of its great underlying principles, but also for its nice-
ties and its exacting details, and for his faculty of clearly presenting
to court and jury the law and facts of the case.
He was born at Amherst, this Province, September 27, 1881.
He is a son of Burnett S. and Bessie (Layton) Ralston, both natives
of Canada, and each representatives of sterling old families of United
Empire Loyalist stock.
Mr. Ralston grew to manhood in his native town and received
his early education in the public schools and the Amherst Academy,
after which he entered Dalhousie University at Halifax, where he
studied for some time. He studied law and was admitted to the Bar
in due course of time and he began the practice of his profession at
Amherst after completing his college course. He has built up a very
satisfactory business and has been uniformly successful.
He is now a member of the legal firm of Maclean, Paton, Bur-
132 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
chell & Ralston, of Halifax, and of the firm of Ralston Hanway and
Ralston, of Amherst.
On July 3, 1907, Mr. Ralston was united in marriage to Nettie
Winifred Macleod, a daughter of John Macleod, a highly respected
citizen of Amherst, in which place Mrs. Ralston grew to womanhood
and was educated. To our subject and wife one son has been born,
Stewart Bowman Ralston.
In 1908 Mr. Ralston was a candidate for the Dominion House
of Commons but was defeated in the general election of that year.
He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia at the
general election of 1911 and has since discharged his duties in this
connection in an able and highly satisfactory manner. He is a Lib-
eral and is active in the affairs of his party. In religious matters
he is a Baptist.
In the summer of 1915, Mr. Ralston enlisted in the Canadian
overseas expeditionary forces as a lieutenant and is now serving as
captain and adjutant in the Eighty-fifth Battalion, Nova Scotia High-
landers.
JAMES WILLIAM REID, M. D.
One of the successful physicians of Nova Scotia is Dr. James
William Reid, M. L. A. of Hants County. He is not only a good
doctor but is enterprising and progressive, and by word and example
would infuse that spirit into the people of his town and county. He
is a friend of all good movements, educational and moral, and has
done much for the general good of his locality.
Dr. Reid was born at Musquodoboit, Nova Scotia, May 30, 1859.
He is a son of Robert and Mary A. (Archibald) Reid, and is des-
cended of New England Loyalist stock, members of the Reid family
having emigrated from the States to Nova Scotia in an early day and
here became well established through their industry.
Dr. Reid grew to manhood in his native county and he received
his primary education in the public schools, later entering Dalhousie
University, at Halifax, making a very creditable record in the med-
ical department, from which he was graduated with the degree of
M. D., C. M. (Doctor of Medicine and Master of Surgery). He
has been practicing his profession successfully in Hants County ever
since his graduation and has been enjoying a large and constantly
growing practice.
Dr. Reid was married on July 3, 1891 to Mary Falconer, a
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 133
daughter of Dr. Alexander F. Falconer of Sherbrooke, Nova Scotia.
She died on December i, 1915.
To the Doctor and wife the following children were born : Violet
F., Mary G., Robert Edward, James William, Dorothy, and Sylvia.
Politically, Dr. Reid is a Liberal. He was a member of the
town council for a period of six years, from 1901 to 1907. He was
a candidate for the Canadian Legislative Assembly, at the general
election in 1911, for the first time, and was duly elected. As a pub-
lic servant he has discharged his duties in a manner that has reflected
much credit upon himself and to the eminent satisfaction of all con-
cerned. He is a Presbyterian in his religious affiliations. He was
formerly president of the Colchester-Hants Counties Medical Society,
also has been president of the Hants County Temperance Alliance
and has been a potent factor in temperance work for many years.
WILLIAM EDWARD MACLELLAN, LL. B.
Canadian "Who's Who and Why" gives the following summary
of facts concerning William Edward Maclellan :
"Post-office Inspector for the Nova Scotia Division. Born, Dur-
ham, County Pictou, August i, 1855. Son of John Maclellan, J. P.
Educated at Pictou Academy, Dalhousie College, University of Hali-
fax (LL. B. ) Dalhousie University, ad citndcm, 1904. Called to
the Nova Scotia Bar, 1880. Married Margaret Jane, daughter of
the late William Mackenzie of Pictou. Editorial writer, Manitoba
Free Press, 1882. Chief editorial writer and managing editor of
that paper for a number of years. Editor-in-chief of the Morning
Chronicle and Halifax Daily Echo, 1900-1905. Accepted present
appointment in 1905. Has written many short stories and literary
articles, particularly for Youth's Companion, Boston. Won prize
offered by A. C. Flumerfelt of Victoria, B. C, 1909, for essay on
Immigration. Chairman, Nova Scotia Government Commission on
use of French language in common schools, 1902. Appointed chair-
man of Commission on University Education in Nova Scotia, 1912.
Member Nova Scotia Legislative Library Commission. Member
General Committee Canadian Peace Centenary Commission. A
Presbyterian. Clubs: "Halifax," "Waegwoltic," "Studley." Ad-
dress, Halifax, N. S."
G. F. Pearson, proprietor and Director of The Morning Chronicle
publications, writes :
"For nearly six years, 19001905, Wm. E. Maclellan was editor-
134 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
in-chief of The Morning Chronicle, Halifax, N. S. His predecessors,
Howe, Annand, Thompson and Fielding not only achieved distinction
as far-sighted and patriotic public men, but conferred distinction on
the paper they edited. Under Mr. Maclellan's editorship The Morn-
ing Chronicle fully lived up to the traditions which these men had
set. A vigorous and trenchant writer, a clear and original thinker,
and a keen controversialist, he kept The Morning Chronicle in the
foremost place as a leader of clean and decent public opinion. Mr.
Maclellan valued highly the' privilege of editorship, and appreciated
the responsibilities which .that position entailed. He never spared
himself in the public service and all the resources of a keen intellect
and a well-stored mind were freely placed at the service of the public
in every cause which engaged his editorial attention. A hater of
shams, a true and fearless Nova Scotian, Mr. Maclellan was ever
ready to break a lance in defense of the right as it was given to him
to see it. He was never deterred by odds, and many a cause at first
unpopular was turned into a popular one as a result of his unflinching,
aggressive and persuasive advocacy, or the skilful use of that dead-
liest of all controversial weapons ridicule. In all respects Mr.
Maclellan was a worthy successor to the great men who preceded him
in the editorial chair of The Morning Chronicle. During his regime
that paper greatly increased in circulation and influence.
"In addition to his editorial work, Mr. Maclellan has written
many short stories and articles for current literary publications. His
style is a model of clear and concise English. His vocabulary is rich
and varied, and he has the happy faculty of putting the longest state-
ment in the fewest possible words consistent with clearness."
Hon. William Dennis, Senator, editor and proprietor of the Hali-
fax Herald publications, writes of Mr. Maclellan as follows:
"William Edward Maclellan, after a brilliant career as education-
ist and journalist, is now chief executive of the Post Office Depart-
ment in Nova Scotia, where his administration of that important
office is characterized by enterprise and efficiency, with an apprecia-
tion alike of the needs of the public, and of carefully conserving the
business ends of the department.
"After practicing law in Pictou for a short period, Mr. Maclellan
went to Winnipeg in 1882. In the autumn of that year he accepted
an invitation to become editor of the Winnipeg Free Press then as
now the foremost journal in Canada west of Toronto and soon
established himself as one of the most brilliant and versatile of Can-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 135
adian journalists. When the Halifax Morning Chronicle passed into
the control of W. B. Ross, K. C. (now Senator) and the late Hon.
B. F. Pearson, those gentlemen induced Mr. Maclellan to assume the
editorship-in-chief of that journal. His predecessors in the editorial
chair included Howe, McCully, Garvie, Annand, Griffith and Field-
ing. In versatility, conciseness, lucidity, mastery of English, and
breadth of vision, Mr. Maclellan was foremost in this galaxy of dis-
tinguished writers. It was always a delight to read his articles
for their elegance of diction as well as the exhaustive manner in
which the subject was treated. The editor of a party organ, he was
no narrow partisan ; and his notable tributes to Sir Charles Tupper
on his retirement from public life in 1900, and to Robert Laird
Borden upon his selection as leader of the Conservative party, were
illuminating evidence of his fair treatment of political opponents.
Notwithstanding his onerous duties in the Government service, Mr.
Maclellan occasionally finds leisure to enrich the columns of the
daily press and magazines with contributions on questions of the day
fully sustaining his reputation as one of the foremost of Canadian
writers/'
In the autumn of 1910 Mr. and Mrs. Maclellan lost the elder
of their two sons, Robert William, B. A., LL. B., born at Winnipeg,
April 19, 1887, who on October 29, 1910, was so injured at foot-
ball, that he died on November loth, following. He had been called
to the Nova Scotia Bar in the spring of 1909, when he was scarcely
twenty-two years of age. Of him, at the time of his death, Professor
Macmechan of Dalhousie University wrote :
"His record at college is unmarked by a single failure in examin-
ation, while in his special subjects, English and English History,
his standing was of the very best. He received his Bachelor's degree
in 1907 with high honors in those subjects. At the same time, he
had done so much work in his law course that he obtained his LL. B.
degree in 1909, only a year ago, with exceptionally high standing in
all subjects. Such facts speak for themselves. They tell of unusual
mental power, but they tell little of the character and personality.
"Macellan won the deep affection of all who knew him well, by
the quiet strength of his nature, his innate courtesy, his sunny tem-
per, his complete unselfishness. His character was essentially fine,
and at the same time thoroughly manly.
"In athletics, especially in the sport in which he met his death, he
displayed the courage and dash of a true sportsman. Everyone liked
136 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
and respected Maclellan. He was exactly the type of student Rhodes
had in mind when he founded his scholarships. He stood for all
that is best in the young manhood of Canada. As a representative
of his country at Oxford we should all have been proud of him."
CAPTAIN EDWARD KIRKPATRICK MACLELLAN, M. D.
Dr. E. K. Maclellan, the second son, and only surviving child,
of Wm. E. Maclellan, was born at Pictou, Nova Scotia, on July 30,
1888. He and his elder brother were privately taught by their mother
in their younger years, and owed little to the common schools. E.
K. Maclellan received his subsequent education in the Halifax County
Academy and at Dalhousie College. In 1905, he entered Dalhousie
Medical College. He was graduated Doctor of Medicine and Master
of Surgery in 1909 some months before he attained his twenty-first
birthday. He subsequently served as house surgeon in the Victoria
General Hospital and the Nova Scotia Hospital, in succession. He
began the independent practice of his profession at Mahone Bay;
but returned to Halifax, upon the death of his elder brother, to be
with his parents. He has practised with constantly increasing success
in Halifax, since then.
In 1912, he took a post-graduate course in New York, in attend-
ance at Sloane Maternity Hospital. Upon returning, he established
at 36 Victoria Road, the "Halifax Hospital for Women," of which
he continued in sole proprietorship, and successful management until,
at the call of duty, he offered his services in connection with the
European war. He had then, at considerable sacrifice, to dispose of
his hospital, to which he could no longer give personal attention.
In 1912, Dr. Maclelan married Helen Stewart, daughter of the
late David Mackey, of Bridgewater, during his life one of the lead-
ing business men of western Nova Scotia. Dr. Maclellan's wife is
a niece of the late J. J. Stewart, Esq., for many years editor and
proprietor of the Halifax Herald. Of this union, one son, Robert
William, has been born.
Dr. Maclellan is a member of the Halifax Dispensary Staff; as-
sistant surgeon at the Children's Hospital ; demonstrator in Anatomy
at the Dalhousie Medical College. He was for some years lecturer
in Toxicology to the Nova Scotia School of Pharmacy. He had the
distinction of being the first Canadian medical practitioner to make
practical experiments for juridical purposes, with the modern bio-
logical test for human blood stains. He was engaged as an expert
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 137
by the state of New Hampshire in the celebrated Wren murder case,
in which the fugitive criminal was arrested in Halifax. He gave
similar expert testimony in the Cooke and Haines murder trials in
Nova Scotia. In 1914 he read, by request, a paper on the biological
blood test before the Dominion Medical Association.
In 1910 Dr. Maclellan received from the Canadian Department
of Militia the offer of a commission in the Permanent Army Medical
Corps. This offer he declined. But he accepted and held a com-
mission as a medical officer in the militia. When the Dalhousie Hos-
pital Unit was authorized, he, as a member of the University teach-
ing staff, at once offered his services. His offer was accepted, and.
he was commissioned as a captain in ''No. 7 Stationary Hospital,
Canadian Overseas Expeditionary force." At the date of this writ-
ing, 1915, he is with this Hospital Unit in England, awaiting orders
to proceed to whatever part of the fighting line may be selected by
the Imperial authorities.
EDWARD JAMES MORSE.
Edward James Morse, one of the leading attorneys of Windsor,
Nova Scotia, was born in Annapolis county, this Province, February
5, 1854, son of Samuel Edward and Sarah Ann (Elliott) Morse.
He is a grandson of Jonathan Morse, who was also born in Anna-
polis county, and who married a Miss Longley. Jonathan Morse was
a farmer by occupation, and all his life remained a resident of his
native county. He died at the age of seventy years, and was buried
in the same grave as his wife, whose death occurred within three
days of his own. They were Methodists in religion, and honest,
conscientious people, who strove each day to do their full duty to
God and mankind, and inculcated in the minds of their children the
principles of morality and religion.
Samuel Edward Morse spent his life in Annapolis county, where
he was born in 1801. For many years he was engaged in school
teaching, but he passed his last days on a farm. He was a man of
considerable attainments in mathematics, especially algebra and geo-
metry, upon which subjects he prepared a treatise, which after his
death was found in manuscript form, apparently intended for pub-
lication, but which was destroyed by fire in 1897. He died in 1854.
He was a Conservative in politics, and, like his wife, Sarah, a Bap-
tist in religion. Mrs. .Morse is still living and makes her home in
138 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Paradise, Nova Scotia. They were the parents of three children, of
whom the subject of this sketch is the only survivor.
Edward J. Morse, after attending school in Paradise, became a
student at Acadia College, Wolfville, where he was graduated in
1880. He then studied law with J. G. H. Parker, of Bridgetown,
and was admitted to the bar in January, 1891. Since then he has
been engaged in the practice of his profession in Windsor, and has
shown himself to be a thorough and resourceful lawyer.
He was married in 1881 to Miss Jessie A. Parsons, daughter of
Henry Parsons, of Annapolis county, Nova Scotia, and has three
children : Graham Parsons, civil engineer, resides at Prince Albert,
Canada, married and has one child; Lucille Forest; and Emerson
Hibbert, civil engineer, resides in Winnipeg, Canada, is married and
has one child.
The family attend the Baptist church. In politics Mr. Morse is
a Conservative.
JOHN SHENSTONE ROPER.
John Shenstone Roper, barrister of Halifax, was born at St.
John's, Newfoundland, July 5, 1888, and is a son of Henry and
Sarah B. Roper, both parents also natives of St. John's, Newfound-
land, the father's birth having occurred in 1861 and the mother's in
1863. The death of the latter occurred in Halifax, September 12,
1912.
After attending the public schools, John S. Roper entered Dal-
housie University, taking the arts course, in which he was graduated
in 1910 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and the following year
he was given the degree of Master of Arts by that institution. Hav-
ing completed the course in the law department, he was given the
degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1913. Soon thereafter he was ad-
mitted to the bar and began immediately the practice of his pro-
fession in Halifax, where he has since remained and is building up
a very satisfactory practice.
Mr. Roper was married on June 9, 1915, to Gladys U. Smith, a
young lady of high educational attainments and a Master of Arts of
Dalhousie University; she is a daughter of Mrs. Emma Smith of
Halifax.
Religiously our subject is a Methodist. He is a member of the
Commercial Club, the Halifax Curling Club,' the Dalhousie Alumni
Society, the Wanderers, and the Northwest Arm Rowing Club.
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HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 139
SIR JOHN EARDLEY WILMOT INGLIS.
Nova Scotia produced a great military genius in the person of
Sir John Eardley Wilmot Inglis, who became a major-general in the
British army, and won undying fame as the hero of Lucknow.
He was born in Halifax, this Province, November 15, 1814, and
was a son of Rev. John Inglis, D. D., the third Bishop of Xova
Scotia, and his wife the daughter of Thomas Cochrane, member of
the Council of Nova Scotia. Rev. Charles Inglis, D. D., first bishop
of that colony, was his grandfather. On August 2, 1833, he was
appointed ensign by purchase in the Thirty-second foot (now First
Cornwall light infantry), in which all his regiment service was
passed. He became lieutenant in 1839, captain in 1843, major in
1848, brevet lieutenant-colenel in 1849, regimental lieutenant-colonel,
February 20, 1855. He served with the Thirty-second during the
insurrection in Canada in 1837, including the actions of St. Denis
and St. Eustache. In the Punjab war of 1848-9, including the first
and second sieges of Mooltan, and in the attack on the enemy's posi-
tion in front of the advanced trenches September 12, 1848, succeed-
ing to the command of the right column of attack on the death of
Lieutenant-Colonel D. Pattoun. He commanded the Thirty-second
at Soorjkhoond, and was present at the storming" and capture of
Mooltan, the action at Cheniote, and the battle of Goojerat (brevert
of lieutenant-colonel and medal and clasps").
He was in command of the Thirty-second, lately arrived from
the hills, at Lucknow, on the outbreak of the mutiny in India, in
1857. He was second in command under Sir Henry Lawrence in the
affair at Chinhut, June 30, 1857, afterwards in the residency at
Lucknow, whither the garrison, numbering nine hundred and twenty-
seven European officers and soldiers and seven hundred and sixty-
five loyal native soldiers, withdrew July ist of that year. When
General Lawrence was mortally wounded on July 2d, Inglis succeeded
to the command, at Lawrence's wish, and defended the place until
the arrival of Sir Henry Haverlock, September 26, 1857, and re-
mained there until the arrival of Sir Colin Campbell, November i8th.
For his successful and masterly defence of Lucknow, he was given a
medal by the British government. Inglis was wounded during the
siege, but was not included in the casualty returns. He was pro-
moted to major-general from September 26, 1857, and made K. C.
B. "for his enduring fortitude and persevering gallantry in the de-
fence of the residency of Lucknow for eighty-seven days against an
I4O HISTORY OF NOVA S f COTIA.
overwhelming force of the enemy," and the legislature of his native
colony presented him with a sword of honor, the blade formed of
steel from Nova Scotia iron. He commanded a brigade in the attack
on Tantia Topee. December 6, 1857. He was appointed colonel of
the Thirty-second Light Infantry, May 5, 1860, and soon thereafter
was given command of the troops in the Ionian Islands. His death
occurred at Homberg, September 27, 1862, at the age of forty-
seven years.
General Inglis married in 1851 the Hon. Julia Selina Thesiger,
daughter of the late first Lord Chelmsford, who, with her three
children, was present in the Lucknow residency throughout the de-
fence.
Personally, he was entitled to admiration for his unassuming
demeanor, friendly warmth of heart, and sincere desire to help by all
means in his power every one with whom he came in contact.
JOHN COLL O'MULLIN.
One of the leaders of the bar in Halifax is John Coll O'Mullin.
Being an alert, logical and indefatigable inquisitor after underlying
principles, he thoroughly digests and prepares every case, and then,
thrice-armed, he becomes a formidable antagonist. One of Nova
Scotia's leading newspapers truthfully said of him that he was a
man of wonderful energy and vigor. With an unusual capacity for
work he accomplishes more than the average man.
Mr. O'Mullin was born in London, England, December 12, 1857,
and is a son of John and Sarah (Hone) O'Mullin. He came to
Nova Scotia when a boy and he received his education in St. Mary's
College, Halifax, then took the law course in Dalhousie University,
from which he was graduated in 1899, with the degree of Bachelor
of Laws, and soon thereafter was admitted to the bar and he has
successfully practiced his profession in Halifax during the past six-
teen years, being retained in many important cases. He was made
a King's Counsel in 1915.
Politically, he is a Conservative. He unsuccessfully contested
Halifax for the federal and local Parliament at the general election
in 1901 and 1911.
He is councillor of the Bar Society. He belongs to the local
branch of the Canadian Industrial League, is a director in the Vic-
toria School of Art and Design. He was president of the Young
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 14!
Men's Literary Association, and was president of the Charitable Irish
Society for many years. Religiously, he is a Roman Catholic.
Mr. O'Mullin was married in the year 1882 to Mary Ellen Mor-
risey, who was a native of St. John, New Brunswick, and a daughter
of Patrick and Catharine Morrisey.
EDWIN DAVID KING.
It is sometimes thought that the great field of the lawyer is
in the court room, before judges and juries, with an admiring crowd
around him, where he contends for the rights of his client. This,
no doubt, appeals to his ambition and love of applause. But his
greatest work is in the silence of his office. There he works out the
arguments, and hunts up the authorities, that win his client's cause.
Edwin David King, of the firm of King & Barss, of Halifax, has
been rated as one of the leading barristers of Nova Scotia during the
past forty years.
Mr. King was born in Onslow, County of Colchester, this Prov-
ince, December 26, 1841. He is the son of John and Sarah Ann
King. The former was a native of Dumfriesshire, Scotland, from
which country he immigrated to Nova Scotia when a boy, with his
parents, and here he spent the rest of his life. He was a justice of the
peace and stipendary magistrate for many years, and was one of the
influential men in Colchester county. The mother of our subject,
who was a native of Nova Scotia, was a descendant of United Em-
pire Loyalist stock, her father having come to Nova Scotia at the
time of the Revolutionary War in America.
Edwin D. King received his education at the Provincial Model
School, Truro, and at Acadia University, Wolfville. He was grad-
uated from the latter institution in 1863, an( l three years later re-
ceived his degree of Master of Arts there. Subsequently he studied
law in Halifax, where he was admitted to the bar in 1867. He was
created a Queen's counsel in 1884, and on the death of Queen Vic-
toria became a King's counsel by royal proclamation. He is a mem-
ber of the Nova Scotia Barristers' Society; of the Alumni Society
of Acadia University; of the Provincial Sunday School Association
of Nova Scotia; of the Nova Scotia Historical Society; of the Cana-
dian Club, Halifax; and an associate member of the Victoria Insti-
tute, of London, England. He has twice filled the office of president
of the Alumni Society of Acadia University, and was for seven years
its secretary. He has also twice been president of the Sunday School
142 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Association, and after its organization, in 1885, he was for many
years chairman of its executive committee, of which committee he
is now "honorary life member." In politics he is a Liberal-Con-
servative, and has long taken an active part in election contests. In
religion he is a Baptist, and for many years has been a deacon of the
First Baptist church, Halifax, where he has also filled the office of
treasurer and superintendent of the Sunday school. He is now
teacher of the Senior Bible class. He is one of the governors of
Acadia University, and in 1885 became chairman of its committee
on investments, which office he held many years. In 1911 he re-
ceived from his Alma Mater the honorary degree of S. C. L. He
has always been a very busy man since beginning his professional
career, not only as a lawyer and business man, but also in political
and educational matters, in which he is deeply interested, and has
for some four decades taken a leading part. He also finds time to
do much work in the church and denomination to which he belongs,
and in 1889 was President of the Baptist convention of the Mari-
time Provinces of Canada.
Mr. King- was married on February 3, 1869, to Minnie S. Barss,
daughter of John \Y. and Lydia K. Barss, of Wolfville, where Mr.
Barss was for some time warden of the Municipal Council of Kings
county and for many years a justice of the peace.
JAMES OLIVER KERR.
The men who accomplished the task of conquering the wilder-
ness of Nova Scotia and developing a magnificent country of fertile
farms and thriving towns were the sturdy pioneers and their imme-
diate descendants. The task they had set before them was an
heroic one, stretching through years, and marked by trials and priva-
tions, far from their home lands and early friends. But they were
people of courage, bravery and industry, whom adversity could not
appall, nor obstacles thwart. It was amid such scenes and in the
face of such exposures that the ancestors of James Oliver Kerr, a
native of this Province, but now living in St. John's, Newfoundland,
cast their lots and played well their parts in the great drama of civi-
lization in the New World.
Mr. Kerr was born at Burnside, Middle River, Pictou county,
Nova Scotia, July 3, 1855. He is a son of George and Mary (Oli-
ver) Kerr, the father a native of the same vicinity in which the
subject of this sketch was born, and the mother was a native of
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 143
Elderslee, Pictou county. These parents grew to maturity in their
native county, attended school and were married there, and through
their industry established a good home there.
Thomas Kerr, the paternal grandfather of our subject, immi-
grated to Nova Scotia from the lowlands of Scotland in an early
day. He was of sterling old Scotch stock, and upon his arrival in
this country he took up a land grant of one thousand acres on the
east side of Middle River, about five miles from the mouth. He had
followed the trade of millwright in Scotland, and as soon as he had
received his grant he built a grist mill and a saw mill, in one, which
was one of the first mills in Pictou county and it was operated suc-
cessfully during his lifetime, and after his death by his two sons
Francis and George. (His three other sons were Frank, Hardy and
William.) This saw mill was well patronized, customers coming
often from long distances, and the lumber from it went into most of
the early-day houses in that locality. After many years George Kerr
took over the mills, and with his sons, Thomas, Robert and James,
started a woolen factory, the second of its kind in the Province. At
first custom carding was done chiefly. The farmers for miles around
brought in their wool and had it carded into rolls. The rolls were
taken home, spun and woven into cloth and brought back to be dyed
and finished at the mill. It was not long until spinning machinery
was installed in the new mill, and the wool was carded and spun
for so much a pound. A few years later weaving machinery was
added, and the farmers received for their wool so many yards of
cloth, manufactured at so much a yard. This system was followed
for a few years, then the wool was bought and the cloth was sold.
Blankets, homespuns, tweeds, flannels and stocking yarns were chiefly
manufactured. These mills were completely destroyed by fire twice,
but each time rebuilt, the last time in 1881, and located where the
pumping station of the town of Westville now stands. After being
operated only two years this splendid mill was also burned. This
succession of losses so crippled the finances of the family that the
milling business was dropped, the brothers separating. However,
James Kerr continued in the milling business in various parts of the
Province. In 1907 he and McGillimay Grant, of Springville, Pictou
county, were instrumental in reorganizing the Eureka Woolen Mills
at Eureka, Pictou county, which had been closed for some time.
They formed a new company known as the Nova Scotia Underwear
Company, which proved to be a very successful venture, a large busi-
144
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
ness being built up. James Kerr severed his connection with the
company in 1913, and took over the management of the Newfound-
land Knitting Mills at St. John's, the first knitting mills in the
ancient colony, and this position he still holds to the entire satisfac-
tion of all concerned. He thoroughly understands every phase of
this line of business and keeps fully abreast of the times in the same.
Mr. Kerr, of this review, was married on November n, 1880,
to Catherine A. Sutherland, a daughter of Donald and Jane Gordon
Sutherland, of Rocklin, Middle River, Pictou county, Nova Scotia.
To their union three children have been born, namely : M. Estella
Kerr, who was graduated from Dalhousie University, Halifax, in
1907, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts; D. Gordon Kerr, who
holds the responsible position of chief chemist of the Nova Scotia
Steel and Coal Company; and George Francis Kerr, the youngest.
Mr. Kerr is a Liberal and a Presbyterian.
THE DAVISON FAMILY.
The progenitor of the Davison family in Nova Scotia was An-
drew Davison, born June 17, 1827. He came from Preston, Con-
necticut, to Horton, this Province, in 1760. He married a Miss
Dennison of New London, Connecticut. (Tradition says that Sir
William Davison was secretary to Queen Elizabeth, who imprisoned
him for two years and fined him five thousand pounds, which re-
duced him to poverty. He espoused republican principles in the time
of the Commonwealth. After the ascension of Charles II, about
1690, he came to America and settled in Connecticut, where he mar-
ried Eunice Kimball.) Andrew Davison died in Horton, Nova Sco-
tia, February 15, 1784. [His family consisted of ten children. Asa,
his fourth child, who was born in 1756, married, April 30, 1782,
Prudence Dennison, a daughter of David Sherman and Sarah (Fox)
Dennison. She was born January 8, 1757, and bore her husband
five children, all born at Horton.] Samuel, the third son, married
Eleanor Doran, daughter of Patrick Doran, of Waterford, Ireland,
who received a grant of two hundred and thirty acres of land at Mill
Village. Patrick Doran married Desiah Mack, widow of Samuel
Mack, who had started the lumber business on the Midway river,
but he died at an early age and Patrick Doran continued the busi-
ness, which was continued after his death by his daughter, Catherine,
who was a woman of remarkable ability and successfully handled
many large transactions in a legal as well as a business way. She
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 145
finally turned the management of her affairs over to Edward Doran
Davison, her nephew, when he became of age. He was born at Mill
Village in 1819. He was a small boy when his father, Samuel
Davison, died, and he was reared by his aunt, Catherine Doran. His
first saw-mill was the most modernly equipped and best managed of
any in the district or even the entire Province. In 1840 he was very
anxious to introduce steam and get away from a joint water-power
company, but it was not for about eight years that he obtained a
small steam outfit. Later he changed and enlarged his mill, and his
business rapidly increased thereafter. He was elected to the Nova
Scotia Legislature in 1854, in which he served until 1858. He took
his sons into partnership with him in the milling business in 1865 and
started lumbering on the LaHave river, Lunenburg county, where he
had strong rivalry and wealthy competitors ; however, he soon secured
a leading position, and by buying out some and others failing, he
came into possession of the entire river and timber lands. During
a suspension of the LaHave business, in 1890-91, the firm secured
and remodeled the business on the Midway and Nictaux rivers,
which comprised one hundred thousand acres of timber land and
three saw mills. He was progressive and a man of great energy
and a careful student. His death occurred February 21, 1894.
Charles Henry Davison, oldest son of E. D. Davison, was born at
Mill Village, Nova Scotia, July 25, 1840, and died August 26, 1896.
After his school days he joined his father in the lumber business,
which he conducted until his death, being joined by his two brothers
'as they became of age. Upon the death of his father he became the
senior member of the firm, his own death occurring two and one-
half years later. He took an interest in public affairs and served
as a member of the Provincial Parliament in the seventies. He mar-
ried Annie Foster, of Bridgetown, Nova Scotia, and a daughter of
Masden Foster. To them the following children were born: A. F.,
who is mentioned elsewhere in this sketch; May is the wife of George
S. McClearn, of Liverpool; Fred H., of Bridgewater. Catherine
Doran Davison was born November 14, 1841, and she married Dr.
Struthers. Eliza Eleanor Davison was born November 2, 1843,
and married Bernard E. Rogers, of Yarmouth; Edward Doran Davi-
son was born at Mill Village; Mary Desiah Davison was born De-
cember 23, 1847, married Caleb Parker on September 2, 1875;
Francis Doran Davison, born December 24, 1849, married Ella M.
(10)
146 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Fraser, November 22, 1879, and died Novmeber 10, 1913; William,
born March 2, 1857, and died October 19, 1868; Elizabeth Wolf
Davison, born October 23, 1853, died February 2, 1883; Annie,
born December 16, 1856, died April 30, 1875; Amelia Freeman
Davison, born January 17, 1862, married, first, William Brown-
rigg, January 13, 1887; after his death she married, on November
14, 1901, Albert E. Browning and died October 23, 1912.
Francis Doran Davison, sixth child of E. D. Davison, was born
December 24, 1849, and died November 10, 1913. After receiving
his education in private schools and Horton Academy he attended
the Commercial College at Halifax, then joined his father in the
lumber business at Bridgewater, later becoming a partner in the
same, the firm continuing as E. D. Davison & Sons. He was a suc-
cessful business man and was public-spirited. He traveled exten-
sively. He donated ten thousand dollars to Alt. Allison University.
Although interested in public affairs he never sought political pre-
ferment, although his friends often urged him to do so. He was
the first mayor of Bridgewater. He was appointed trustee for
Edward Doran Davison's children, and he invested in the Canadian
Northwest for them, which investments were very successful. On
October 10, 1879. he was united in marriage to Ella M. Fraser, of
Yarmouth, a daughter of Peter G. Fraser, of Pictou county, who
later removed to Bridgewater. To this union three children were
born, namely: Reginald F., the youngest child, was educated at St.
Andrews School in Annapolis and St. Andrews College and Uni-
versity of Toronto; on January 6, 1915, he married Marion L. Mar-
shall, a daughter of Dr. M. G. Marshall, of Bridgewater. Louise
S., the eldest child of Francis D. Davison and wife, is a graduate of
Mt. Allison Ladies' College, Sackville, New Brunswick; Alma M.
is the second child; both these daughters are single and living at
home.
Archibald F. Davison was born at Bridgewater, Nova Scotia, and
is a son of Henry Davison, Sr., and wife. He received his education
in the public schools and in Mt. Allison University, after which he
joined his father in the lumber business, and later became a partner
in the same, continuing thus until they sold out in 1903 to the present
company. He then formed a partnership with his uncle, Frank
Davison, and conducted a pulp manufacturing business under the
firm name of F. and A. F. Davison, which he is still conducting, his
uncle having died some time ago. In 1902 he married Lena Benja-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 147
min, of Bridgewater, and to this union three children were born
Henry F., Charles Donald, and Catherine Doran. He has been very
successful in the pulp manufacturing business and has built up an
extensive trade. He operates modern and well equipped mills at
Mill Village and LaHave.
Edward Davison was born at Mill Village. His death occurred
in 1902. He was the fourth child of E. D. Davison. After his
school days he engaged in the lumber business with his father and
brothers, continuing in this line of endeavor the rest of his life. In
1901 he was a member of the Provincial Parliament, holding the
office at the time of his death. He had also been mayor of Bridge-
water two and one-half years prior to his death. He filled both
these offices in an able, faithful and highly acceptable manner.
E. D. Davison & Sons has long been one of the best known
firms of lumber dealers in the Maritime Provinces. This firm at
one time owned two hundred thousand acres of timber land on the
LaHave, Nictaux and Medway rivers and did an immense business.
This has been universally regarded as one of the most representative
and influential families in Nova Scotia.
HOWARD WILLIAM CORNING.
A farmer may take good care of all his crops and animals and
conduct his business at a profit, but he will find an added enjoyment
and an increased profit by giving especial attention to some one crop
or breed of animals. The necessity of raising only the best live
stock is yearly becoming more appreciated. It is well known that
the specialty of Howard William Corning, of Chegoggin, Yarmouth
county, is Guernsey cattle, and not only success from a financial
standpoint, but an envied and widespread reputation are his rewards
for building up a specialty.
Mr. Corning was born in the above named town and county, on
April 17, 1879, and is a son of William and Hannah (Hibbard)
Corning, both natives of Yarmouth county, the father of Chegoggin
and the mother of Carleton. The father was born on the farm on
which he spent his life and reared his family and here our subject
still resides. The old dwelling was built of timber hewn from trees
cut on the ground about the homestead, probably one hundred and
twenty-five years ago. The house has been remodeled several times
and is now a modern home. Samuel Corning, the great-grandfather,
was one of the Loyalists who came to Nova Scotia from Cambridge,
148 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Massachusetts, at the time of the Revolutionary war. His son, Nel-
son Corning, grandfather of our subject, engaged in farming here,
as did the immigrant member of the family; in fact, the Comings
have been tillers of the soil for many generations and all have been
successful and had comfortable homes. To the parents of our sub-
ject seven children were born, two sons and five daughters, namely:
Clara is the wife of Frank Strickland, and they live at Lynn, Massa-
chusetts; Edna is now a missionary in India for the Canadian Bap-
tist Foreign Missionary Board; Kate is the wife of Murray G.
Wyman, of Yarmouth; William H. lives in Lynn, Massachusetts;
Ethel is the wife of William B. Gowdy, of Cleveland, Ohio; How-
ard W.. of this sketch; and Lillian H., who is the wife of Claude
Saunderson.
Howard W. Corning was reared on the home farm, where he
worked when a boy during the crop seasons, and attended the neigh-
boring schools in the winter time. He has devoted his life to gen-
eral farming on the old homestead and has met with gratifying suc-
cess. He has for some time made a specialty of well-bred Guernsey
cattle, and carries on an extensive dairy business. He sells large
numbers of his fine stock every year, finding a very ready market
for them at excellent prices, owing to their superior quality. He
keeps a splendid herd all the time, and is regarded as probably the
foremost breeder of Guernsey cattle in Nova Scotia. He has given
the subject careful thought and has read widely on the same. He
has been secretary of the Guernsey Breeders' Association since its
organization in 1905 and has done much for the success of the same.
He is a member of the Nova Scotia Farmers' Association, of which
he was president in 1913 and 1914. He is an advocate of progres-
sive, scientific, intensive methods of farming and is doing a very
commendable work to bring about better farming conditions in this
Province.
Mr. Corning was married October i, 1901, to Eleanor Gertrude
Churchill, a daughter of George W. and Martha (Huntington)
Churchill, of Chegoggin, where she grew to womanhood and was
educated and where the Churchills have long been well and favorably
known. To our subject and wife two children have been born,
namely: Frances G., whose birth occurred July 7, 1902, and Carl
W., who was born February 7, 1904, died when ten months old.
Politically, Mr. Corning is a Conservative, as were his ancestors,
and, like them, has been more or less active in party affairs. In 1911
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 1 49
he was elected a member from Yarmouth county to the Provincial
Parliament and is still incumbent of this important office, the duties
of which he has discharged in an able and praiseworthy manner.
Religiously, he is a Baptist. He is a member of the Canadian Order
of Foresters and is financial secretary of the local lodge. He is also
a member of the Order of Good Templars.
HON. WILLIAM BERNARD WALLACE.
One of the scholarly and public-spirited citizens of the city of
Halifax is Hon. William Bernard Wallace, for many years a leader
of the bar of Nova Scotia and since 1901 judge of the county court
of Halifax county, is essentially a man who does things, and this
accomplishment is altogether worthy in all the lines in which he
directs his energies.
Judge Wallace was born at Port Mulgrave, Nova Scotia, Febru-
ary 25, 1861, and is a son of James and Catherine (Power) \Valiace.
He received his early education in St. Mary's School and St. Mary's
College, Halifax, to which city his family removed when he was a
child. He won the Governor-General's medal in 1880. After leav-
ing St. Mary's he entered Dalhousie University, completing the law
course, graduating in 1885 with the degree of Bachelor of Laws.
William B. Wallace was admitted to the bar in 1884, and he suc-
cessfully practiced his profession in Halifax many years, taking a
position in the front rank of his professional brethren, being known
as a painstaking, energetic and conscientious lawyer, profoundly
versed in all phases of jurisprudence. For some time he was a law
partner of the present Justice Longley, and he was subsequently
partner in the firm of Ross, Melish, Wallace & Mathers, one of the
strongest law firms in eastern Canada.
Taking an active interest in public affairs from the beginning of
his career, he served as an official reporter to the Nova Scotia As-
sembly for twelve years. He was an alderman in Halifax for three
years and a member of the local Legislature from 1896 to 1900. He
declined a seat in the local Government without portfolio in 1900.
He unsuccessfully contested Halifax, House of Commons, Liberal
interest, at the general election in 1900. Since 1902 he has been a
lecturer on crimes in the law department of Dalhousie University,
and for the past six years also lecturer on torts. He is also a gov-
ernor of Dalhousie University, having been elected by the Alumni to
represent them on the Board of Governors. He was president of the
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Charitable Irish Society for several years, was vice-president of the
Canadian Club in 1907, and president of the same in 1909. He was
vice-president of the Children's Aid Society in 1910. He was chair-
man of the Board of Conciliation re Dominion Coal Company's em-
ployes, in March, 1909, and has been chairman of several similar
boards since. He was for ten years one of the editorial writers for
the Halifax Chronicle, and an occasional contributor to the editorial
columns of the Acadian Recorder and other journals. He has pro-
nounced literary ability, is familiar with the world's best literature,
being educated along general lines. His writings for the press have
always been characterized by clearness of vision, versatility, a com-
prehensive grasp of the situations and questions that occupied the
current thought of the people, and what he said carried weight and
conviction. He is author of "Mechanics' Lien Laws in Canada,"
which was issued in 1906, and which has been well received, a second
edition being published in 1913. Since January, 1901, he has been
incumbent of the office of judge of the county court of Halifax
county, discharging his duties in a faithful, conscientious, able and
commendable manner, his decisions being marked by uniform fair-
ness, justice and a profound knowledge of the law. During the past
five years he has also been judge of the Juvenile Court, serving with-
out remuneration. He is a member of the Halifax Club, the City
Club and the Golf Club.
SIR ROBERT LAIRD BORDEN.
To offer in the present work an adequate resume of the strenu-
ous and useful career of Sir Robert Laird Borden, the present able
and popular Prime Minister of Canada, formerly a leader of the bar
at Halifax, would be impossible, but, with others of those who have
conserved the civic and commercial progress of Nova Scotia, he may
well find consideration in the noting of the more salient points that
have marked his life and labors.
He is a descendant of Samuel Borden, a surveyor, who came to
Falmouth, Nova Scotia, from the American Colonies in 1760, before
the Loyalists. He is a son of the late Andrew and Eunice (Laird)
Borden, and he was born at Grand Pre, Nova Scotia, June 26, 1854.
He was educated at Acacia Villa Academy, at Horton. He received
the honorary degree of Doctor of Civil Law from Queen's Univer-
sity in 1903, and the degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred on
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 151
him by St. Francis Xavier University, at Antigonish, in 1905, and
by McGill University in 1913.
In September, 1889, he was united in marriage to Laura Bond,
a daughter of T. H. Bond, a highly-esteemed citizen of Halifax.
She was formerly a leading member of the Orpheus Musical Society,
Halifax, was president of the Aberdeen Society and of the Local
Council of Women, and vice-president of the Woman's Work Ex-
change, Halifax. She gave a medal to be competed for at the Hali-
fax Industrial School. She was on the reception committee on the
return of the Canadian troops from South Africa in 1900. She is a
Councillor Victorian Order of Nurses, and vice-president of the
National Council of Women. She was elected president of the
Ladies' Golf Club, Ottawa, 1910. She is Regent of the Laurentian
Chapter, Daughters of the Empire, Ottawa, 1911. She accompanied
her husband on his tour of Ontario in 1901, and on his trip through
British Columbia and the Northwest Territory and Manitoba in 1902
and subsequent social journeys.
Sir Robert L. Borden began his long, varied and useful career as
a professor in Glen wood Institute, New Jersey, in 1873, but returned
to Nova Scotia in 1874 and began the study of law with the late Sir
R. L. Weatherbe, and the Hon. Wallace Graham, now Chief Justice
of Nova Sqotia. He was called to the bar in 1878. He successfully
practiced his profession, first, at Kentville, in partnership with the
present Judge J. P. Chipman, and subsequently at Halifax, where he
succeeded the late Sir J. S. D. Thompson in the firm of Thompson,
Graham & Tupper, becoming one of the leaders of the bar in East-
ern Canada, and was retained in many important cases. He was
successively vice-president and president of Nova Scotia Barristers'
Society, occupying the last named office from 1893 to 1904. He was
appointed King's Counsel (Earl of Derby) 1890; and in Ontario,
1908. He sat in the House of Commons for the city and county of
Halifax from 1896 to 1904; for the county of Carleton from 1905
to 1908; was returned for both Halifax and Carleton at the general
election in 1908 and elected to sit for the former seat. He was
again returned for the city and county of Halifax in 1911. He was
leader of the Conservative Opposition, House of Commons, from
February 6, 1901, until September, 1911, when he was called upon
to form the present government.
He has made several extended tours throughout Canada, and he
visited the United Kingdom and a portion of the European continent
152 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
in 1912. He has lectured on "Canadian Problems" and other sub-
jects, and he is regarded as a forceful, well-informed and impressive
speaker and a lucid and versatile writer. He led the opposition
against the Taft-Fiekling_ reciprocity compact. On the defeat at the
polls of the Laurier administration at the general election in 1911,
he was called to form a new administration; was sworn as a mem-
ber of the Privy Council, October 10, 1911, and took office as Presi-
dent of the King's Privy Council for Canada and Secretary of State
for External Affairs in the new cabinet. Thus he led the govern-
ment during the period of Canada's splendid participation in the
European War, the first great war in which the Dominion has been
engaged. In the summer of 1915 he went to England for the pur-
pose of consulting with His Majesty's government regarding the
conduct of the war, and visited the Canadian troops and the Cana-
dian wounded both in England and in France at the front. As Prime
Minister his record is too well known to be given in detail here.
Suffice it to say that it has been characterized by duty, ably and con-
scientiously performed, and has more than justified the wisdom of
his selection to this high office. He has ever been loyal to the trusts
reposed in him. and has done much for the general welfare of the
Dominion, and merits in every respect the high esteem in which he
is universally held.
REV. WILLIAM BLACK.
To Rev. William Black came the honor and the opportunity of
being the pioneer Methodist missionary in the Maritime Provinces.
He, like other evangelists of that day, seemed oblivious to danger
and opposition. Not ease nor worldly possessions seemed dear to
him, if they interfered with his purpose to carry the Gospel to sin-
ners. He traveled through Cumberland, Sackville, the settlements
on the Peticodiac river, Parrsboro, Cornwallis, Horton, Windsor,
Halifax, Shelburne, Liverpool, Annapolis, Prince Edward Islaind
and other parts of Nova Scotia and neighboring provinces. He
visited these places repeatedly during his ministry. He opened coi;-
respondence with John Wesley, founder of Methodism, who en-
couraged him to continued in his work, and who assisted him in
many ways. This kept alive his purpose of establishing and nour-
ishing Methodist societies in the Maritime Provinces.
He was born at Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England, in the
year 1760. He attended school at Otley, and when very young
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 153
decided to devote his life to the ministry. His father came to Nova
Scotia in 1775 and purchased land at Amherst, Cumberland county,
and when about fifteen years old our subject came with the rest of
the family to the new home. He was not very pious as a boy, but
was converted when about twenty years of age and not long there-
after began preaching, and in due course of time became one of the
most influential and powerful preachers in Canada. By home study
he overcame the lack of proper literary preparation, and he had re-
markable success in spreading the Gospel. As years passed converts
multiplied and his talents became better known to the denomination.
He visited the United States, attended conferences in that country
and found himself urged to the front to take the responsibilities of
leadership in the Maritime Provinces, Newfoundland and Bermuda.
This made it necessary for him to move to Halifax. It was in the
summer of 1780 that he made a tour of the Maritime Provinces,
proclaiming the way of life to all classes. Baptist and Newlight
meeting-houses were opened to him. The people always received
him cordially and heard him gladly. Hardships and self-sacrifice
seemed to have been to him the very luxuries of his laborious and
devoted life. His gifts were not extraordinary, but he had great
force of character, and the talents and tact of a leader and successful
organizer. Although ever overwhelmed with his work he found
time to acquire a knowledge of Greek and Latin. Perhaps no one
of the early ministers was more entirely consecrated to his work
than William Black.
In 1784 he attended the Methodist conference in Baltimore,
Maryland, which was perhaps the most notable gathering of its kind
ever held in America up to that time. There he made his influence
felt and obtained great assistance for the work in Nova Scotia. At
Digby in 1786 he formed a large class, mostly colored people, and
in October, of that year, he took a prominent part in the first Meth-
odist conference of this Province, which was held in Halifax. There
were at that time over five hundred Methodists in Nova Scotia. Our
subject reported eighty members in Cumberland county and adjoin-
ing places. He had also formed a class at Windsor. He again
attended a general conference in Baltimore in 1792. The following
year he went to the West Indies, where he did a commendable work.
He also assisted in establishing on a firm footing Methodism in New
Brunswick. He repeatedly attended general conferences of his church
in the States, including the one in May, 1816, at Baltimore. Although
154
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
his health became enfeebled during the latter years of his life, he
continued in the work which he loved. His wife, nee Mary Gray, a
native of Boston, died August n, 1827. She lived to rear several
children. In 1828 our subject married Mrs. Martha Calkins, of
Liverpool, Nova Scotia.
The death of Rev. William Black occurred September 6, 1834.
JOHN BURTON NORTH.
One of the well remembered citizens of Hantsport, Nova Scotia,
of a past generation, whose name is deserving of perpetuation on the
pages of local history was the late John Burton North, because he
was a man who led a useful and unselfish life, and not only suc-
ceeded in individual affairs but aided others along the way to the
goal of better things.
Mr. North was born in Sheffield Mills, November 10, 1825. His
father came to America from England and settled at Sheffield Mills,
Kings county, Nova Scotia, where he engaged in farming.
John B. North received his education in the public schools and
when a young man learned the ship building trade. When twenty-
one years of age he went to New Brunswick, where he worked in the
ship yards, later going to the United States, where he continued in
the same line of endeavor, returning to Nova Scotia in the early
fifties, locating at Bay Shore, below Scotch Bay, where he built two
small vessels brigs named the Herald and the Free Trade. He
was a highly skilled workman and knew all the ins and outs of his
trade. After completing the above named vessels he removed to
Hantsport, in which town he continued in business until 1891, dur-
ing which period he built many vessels of various kinds, the largest
being the Loodiana of eighteen hundred and seventy-four tons, being
a full-rigged ship and considered a very large vessel in those days.
Mr. North was married to Esther E. Ells, of Sheffield Mills,
Nova Scotia. She was a daughter of Squire David Ells, of that
town. There she grew up and received a common school education.
The union of Mr. and Mrs. North resulted in the birth of seven
children, of which are living David, John T. and three daughters.
Mr. North's sons engaged in the ship building business with him,
each becoming quite proficient under his tutorship, the firm name
being J. B. North & Sons. They were always busy on some im-
portant job and continued successfully until wooden vessels were
generally replaced by iron ships. They were not slow to cast their
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 155
fortunes with the new order of things, and became interested in a
company owning steel steam ships. David North has remained un-
married. John T. North married Marion Rachael Davidson, a
daughter of Capt. Albert Davidson, a well-known citizen of Hants-
port, where Mrs. North grew to womanhood and received her edu-
cation. The union of John T. North and wife has resulted in the
birth of four children, namely: Cyril B., Eva. Kate and John T.,
Jr. The three eldest finished their education at Mt. Allison Uni-
versity, at Sackville, New Brunswick. The youngest is now attend-
ing the public schools.
The death of John B. North occurred in March. 1907. at the age
of eighty-two years, and his wife died in February, 1911, at the age
of eighty-one years.
JOHN ARNOLD SMITH.
In the humbler walks of life there remains much good to be ac-
complished and many opportunities for one to exercise one's talents
and influence which in some way will touch the lives of those with
whom we come in contact, making them better and brighter. Real-
izing this, John Arnold Smith, the present able principal of Windsor
Academy and one of the successful educationists of Nova Scotia,
has tried to make his influence felt for the general good while per-
forming the duties of his chosen vocation.
Mr. Smith was born at Newport, Nova Scotia, March 7, 1854.
He is of Scotch-Irish parentage, and is the son of T. A. and Anne
Smith, natives of Newport. He received his education in the com-
mon schools of Newport and at Mt. Allison University, from which
he was graduated in 1880 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and
he received the Master of Arts degree from that institution in 1900.
He prepared himself for a career as an educator and he has spent
his after years in this work. He took grade A license as a teacher.
He became a professor in 1873. He was head master at the Truro
Model School for a period of six years, and was English teacher at
Mt. Allison Academy three years. Since then he has been principal
of Windsor Academy. He has been very successful in all the posi-
tions which have been entrusted to him and, being a close observer
and a student, he has kept well abreast of the times and has intro-
duced many methods, until he now has the popular school at Wind-
sor of which he is in charge under a superb system. He is a mem-
ber of the executive committee of the Provincial Teachers' Associa-
156 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
tion, and has been active in encouraging better schools for Nova
Scotia. Politically, he is a Liberal, and in religious matters he be-
longs to the Presbyterian church, of which he is an elder.
Mr. Smith was married in June, 1882, to Clara E. Kent, of Great
Village, Nova Scotia.
REV. G. R. MARTELL, D. C. L.
The record of Rev. G. R. Martell, D. C. L., rector of Christ
church. Windsor, and archdeacon of Nova Scotia, is that of a man
who has labored for the good of others without thought of personal
favor or reward, content to be an humble follower of the lowly
Xazarene, and he is eminently deserving of the universal esteem
that is his and of the position he occupies as one of the leading
churchmen that this Province has ever produced. Withal he is a
plain and unassuming gentleman who never courts the plaudits of his
fellow men.
Dr. Martell was born at Main-a-dieu, Cape Breton county, Nova
Scotia, November 19, 1860. He is a son of William and Elizabeth
( Rigby ) Martell, both natives of Cape Breton county, the father's
birth having occurred at Main-a-dieu in 1829, and the mother was
born at Sydney in 1833; he died in 1865, and she passed away at
an advanced age. in 1915, having survived her husband fifty years.
Dr. Martell received his education in the public schools and
King's College, Windsor. He was ordained in 1883. King's Uni-
versity conferred upon him the degrees of Master of Arts and Doc-
tor of Divinity. He was very successful in the ministry from the
first, being a diligent student and an earnest, logical and forceful
pulpit orator. He was rector of Holy Trinity at Maitland for
twenty-five years, and has been rector of Christ church at Windsor
for the past seven years. His long retention in these congregations
would indicate that his services as pastor have been most praise-
worthy and acceptable. He was made archdeacon of Nova Scotia
and canon of All Saints' Cathedral after the lamented death of
Archdeacon Kaulbach. He is regarded as one of the leading figures
in the Church of England in the Provinces of eastern Canada.
Dr. Martell was married on September 17, 1885, to Frances
Stuart, of Maitland, Hants county. She is a daughter of Capt. C. S.
and Frances (Ambrose) Stuart, of Truro. To this union the fol-
lowing children have been born: William Bigby Martell, who was
born in August, 1886, is now rector of St. John's parish at New
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 157
Germany, Nova Scotia, and George Stuart Martell, who was born in
May, 1888, died suddenly at Ottawa, November 31, 1914. He was
in the customs department of the Canadian civil service.
WILLIAM HENRY WISWELL.
The long and honorable life of William H. Wiswell, now living
in retirement in Halifax in the fullness of his eighty-sixth year, has
been lived to good purpose. He was torn at Newcastle, New Bruns-
wick, May 10, 1830, his parents being Henry and Elizabeth H.
(Smith) Wiswell. His paternal grandfather, Enoch Wiswell, of
English ancestry, left his native state of New York and came to
Nova Scotia with the Royalists about the period of the American
Revolution. He spent his life in Halifax, where he died at the ad-
vanced age of ninety-three years. His eldest son, Henry, the father
of the subject of this sketch, was born in Halifax, January 22, 1801,
where he passed his earlier years. Removing later to Miramichi,
New Brunswick, he conducted business there as a general merchant
for some years and then removed to Truro, Nova Scotia. At a
later period he returned to Halifax, and died in Dartmouth in
December, 1877, aged seventy-seven. He possessed great natural
ability, and was always well informed on current topics. In politics
he was a Liberal and a strong- supporter of Hon. Joseph Hoxve.
Previous to his death, while living in Dartmouth, he was secretary
of the Provincial Building Society.
William H. Wiswell, eldest son of the above, received his edu-
cation in the schools of Chatham, New Brunswick. He then re-
moved to Truro, and was employed in his father's business for some
years. In 1853 he went to Moncton, where he acted as accountant
of the Westmoreland Bank for two years. In 1855 he removed to
Halifax, where he became secretary, cashier and director of the
Nova Scotia Telegraph Company, now a part of the Western Union
Telegraph system. He held this position for a period of twenty-five
years, when he was elected clerk of Halifax county, and later treas-
urer also. He discharged the duties of these offices in a very able
and satisfactory manner until 1909, when he tendered his resigna-
tion to enjoy a well earned rest. In politics, Mr. Wiswell is a Con-
servative. For thirty years he has been secretary of the Halifax
Dispensary, and he is the oldest living member of the local Young
Men's Christian Association. A devoted member of the Anglican
church, he served the parish of St. Luke in various offices for over
158 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
forty years. He is chairman of the endowment committee of the
Synod of Nova Scotia. In all these relations of life he has proved
his usefulness as a man of energy, capacity and sound judgment,
and is highly esteemed by all who know him.
Mr. Wiswell has been thrice married. His first wife, Annie,
daughter of Charles E. Wiswell, died shortly after their marriage in
1860. In September, 1862, he married Agnes S. Blanchard, daugh-
ter of the late Hon. Hiram Blanchard, of Halifax, who died in June,
1886. There were six children born of this union. In January,
1889, Air. Wiswell married Emily S. Gossip, daughter of the late
William Gossip, of Halifax.
Arthur B.. eldest and only surviving child of Mr. Wiswell, was
born in Halifax. June 25, 1863. He received a common and high
school education in his native city, and entered the office of A. M.
Bell, hardware merchant, in 1879. He is now president of the firm
of A. M. Bell & Company, Ltd., Mr. Bell retiring in 1914. Like his
father, he has prominently identified himself with the Church of
England, being a past president of the Church of England Institute,
a member of the council of the Laymen's Missionary Movement in
the Dominion, and vice-president of the Brotherhood of St. Andrew
in Canada. He is also prominent in the various activities of All
Saints' Cathedral, and is a governor of King's College, Windsor,
Nova Scotia. He married in September, 1886, Florence E. Kinnear,
daughter of the late C. R. and Agnes Kinnear, of Halifax, who died
in March, 1910, leaving four children, namely: Arthur Clifford,
Gordon Blanchard, Douglas Morgan and Gertrude Agnes Margaret.
The latter died Decmeber 29, 1913. In October, 1912, Mr. Wiswell
married Mary H. Wainwright, daughter of the late James W. and
Agnes T. King, of Windsor, Nova Scotia.
RT. REV. EDMUND BURKE.
Although Rt. Rev. Edmund Burke was not a native of Nova
Scotia, this Province was the scene of much of his commendable
work for the public good. He was a man of brilliant intellect and
was very influential among the early settlers and Indians of this
country.
He was born in the parish of Maryborough, County Kildare, Ire-
land, in the year 1753, and he evinced in early life those qualities
which mark a soul set apart as sacred to the Lord. His parents were
in comfortable circumstances and he was sent to Paris to be edu-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 159
cated, and there made a brilliant record as a scholar, winning high
honors at its university, especially in mathematics and philosophy.
He returned in due time to Ireland and began his work in the min-
istry. Before many years had elapsed he was made parish priest in
the town of Kildare. Owing to disturbing civic and ecclesiastical
elements at home, Father Burke came to Quebec in the summer of
1886, as a missionary to the Indians, but he took a position as pro-
fessor of philosophy in the seminary of Quebec in September of that
year and was a successful educator, and he remained in that city
several years. In 1794 he went into the forests beyond the lakes in
his long-contemplated missionary work, in which he met with great
success, although encountering many obstacles and hardships. He
went into the Ohio country the following year, where he was the first
English speaking priest, as later on he was the first in western
New York. He wrote many interesting accounts of the Indians and
general conditions of the then wild country and tells of frequent
clashes between the savages and the whites. For nearly two years
he labored as the superior of these western missions, his usual place
of residence being on what is now the United States side of the
Detroit River. He returned to civilization in the summer of 1796,
and he continued in the work of the church, which took him over a
wide territory, retaining his headquarters at Quebec, until in Sep-
tember, 1801, when he left that city for Halifax, and at once took
up his work here, beginning on the day of his arrival a register of
baptisms, marriages and instruments for the Church of St. Peter's.
Attention was likewise given to perfecting the choir in the music of
the church. He also labored for the cause of education, beginning
the erection of a college in 1802. The building was later known as
the Glebe House, and stood for eighty-nine years at Harrington
Street and Spring Garden Road. After considerable difficulty he
got the school in running order, under an excellent system, thus lay-
ing the foundations of St. Mary's which has so long played an im-
portant part among the educational institutions of Nova Scotia. He
continued to work assiduously in the interest of this school ,in the
face of all opposition. In the summer of 1815 he visited Europe.
While in London he wrote and forwarded to Rome a lengthy docu-
ment, in which he gives a graphic account of British North America,
from an ecclesiastical standpoint. Later he visited Rome and spent
a short time in France, returning to Halifax after an absence of
one year.
l6o HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
On July 26, 1817, the Prefect of Propaganda wrote to Father
Burke, notifying him of the action of the Pope in erecting the
Vicarate of Nova Scotia, immediately subject to the Holy See, and
appointing him Bishop of Zion, and Vicar Apostate of Nova Scotia.
On July 5, 1818 he received Episcopal consecration at the hands of
Bishop Plessis, in Quebec. From the moment that he had been
officially notified of his appointment, he began to make provision for
the spiritual needs of his Vicarate, with a view to founding a Trap-
pist Monastery, as well as to provide for the Acadians and Indians
in eastern Nova Scotia. In a short time he supplied the Vicarate
with well trained missionaries. To give a detailed account of his
splendid work as Bishop would be to give a history of the church
here during that period. Suffice to say that he advanced the
cause of religion and education in a remarkable way. He was re-
sponsible for the erection of St. Mary's Cathedral in Halifax, begun
in 1820, one of the first church edifices in Canada. No one man has
ever done more for the Catholic church in Nova Scotia than this
splendid man.
The death of Bishop Burke occurred November 29, 1820 at the
age of sixty-eight years.
WILLIAM L. BROWN.
The late William L. Brown, treasurer of the City of Halifax
for a very great number of years, was a man that was always true
to the trusts reposed in him, of exemplary character and broad in-
telligence, hence he merited in every respect the high esteem in which
he was universally held.
Mr. Brown was born in Halifax about the year 1858, and was
a son of William M. and Mary Brown. His father was a member
of the firm of Bessonett and Brown who conducted a hardware
business on Lower Water street, Halifax for many years. Our
subject received his education at the old Halifax Grammar School
on Barrington street, which was conducted by Dr. Gilpin. After
graduating from this school he entered an office in Montreal, Quebec.
He remained there but a few years when he returned to Halifax and
took a position in city treasurer's office. He was an assistant to
Treasurer Edward Greenwood and after him, Philip Thompson.
Subsequently Mr. Brown himself was appointed city treasurer and
he held the position until his death, giving eminent satisfaction in
'
MEMORIAL TOWER IX SUMMER.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. l6l
every respect, as might be surmised from his long retention in this
important office. As a city official he was ever most obliging and
he paid strict attention to his duties. His counsel was considered
invaluable in all financial matters relating to the city. Socially he
was one of the best known men of Halifax, and he had a great
many warm personal friends. He was the oldest member of the
Red Cap Snowshoe Club as well as being a member of both the
Royal Nova Scotia Yacht Squadron and the City Club. He
thoroughly appreciated good literature and was a keen student of
history. Being such an omnivrous reader he had a wide knowledge
of men and affairs and was an interesting conversationalist and a
good companion.
Mr. Brown was married June 17, 1882 to Sarah Macdonald, a
daughter of Jabush Snow Macdonald and Mariah (Campbell) Mac-
donald, both natives of Liverpool, Xova Scotia. To this union two
daughters and three sons were born, namely: Joanna, who lives at
home; Mrs. Hellen C. Whitney lives in Toronto; William N.
lives at home; Geoffrey is residing in Toronto; and Michael is now
(1915) with one of the battalions in St. John, New Brunswick for
service overseas. The death of William L. Brown occurred after
a brief illness, January 14, 1916, when sixty-two years old.
REV. ROBERT SEDGWICK, D. D.
Great men and great events everywhere should be held in ever-
lasting remembrance, and any celebration that will rejuvinate the
memory of them and transmit it to posterity is highly commendable.
It has been well and truly said that as we can measure the altar but
not the sacrifice, the house but not the home, the rose but not its
fragrance, so we can measure a man but not his influence. We can
easily reckon a man's age, height, weight, wealth, rank, learning and
business ability, but we can never calculate his influence, for that is
subtle and abiding. It survives even death itself. The mightiest
steamer leaves no lasting mark behind her on the ocean's waves, but
"the smallest barque on life's tempestuous ocean will leave a track
behind forevermore; the slightest wave of influence set in motion
extends and widens to the eternal shore." The influence of Laidlaw,
Sprott, Grant, Sedgwick and other leaders of the church in Musquo-
doboit, men and women who have gone to glory still survives, and
will survive till time shall be no more. "Although the soldier's sun
(ii)
1 62 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
is set, its light still lingers round us yet." In that light we gladly
bask. With the greatest delight we obey the apostolic command,
"Remember them that had the rule over you, men that spake unto you
the Word of God; and considering the issue of their life, imitate
their faith. Jesus Christ, the same yesterday, and today and for-
ever." There are two things in general about Dr. Sedgwick we
should recall the conspicuous events of his life, and the command-
ing excellence of his work and character.
Robert Sedgwick was born in Paisley, Scotland, May 10, 1804,
and was the son of a tanner, who had moved to Paisley from Dent,
Yorkshire. And when our subject was very young the family re-
moved to Greenock, where he received his early education. The
regular prescribed course in arts and theology were taken by him at
Glasgow University, and these courses he completed most success-
fully. He was licensed to preach the Gospel by the Presbytery of
Glasgow in March, 1836, and thereafter he labored as a city mis-
sionary in Perth for about a year and a half. In September 1838
he was ordained and inducted to the charge of a congregation in
Aberdeen in connection with the Secession church. There he labored
with much success for about eleven years, which is considered quite
a long period nowadays for a first pastorate. Then from Nova
Scotia he heard the old Macedonian cry "Come over and help us."
That call he cheerfully obeyed, and early in May, 1849 he set sail
from old Scotland for new Scotland. After preaching for about
three months in different parts of this land, he was called to the
Musquodoboit congregation, and on September 12, 1849 ne was
formerly inducted there, in succession to the renowned John Sprott,
who for about twenty-four years, from September 13, 1825 was its
pastor.
Very soon after his arrival in Xova Scotia Mr. Sedgwick won
the confidence and esteem of all the members of the Synod, for in
1852 he was chosen to be its moderator, the duties of which office
he splendidly performed. On October 4, 1860 the Presbyterian
church in Nova Scotia to whish he belonged, and the Free church
were united at Pictou, under the name of the Presbyterian church
of the Lower Provinces of British North America. Nine Presby-
teries and seventy-seven ministers composed the Synod. In June,
1870, Mr. Sedgwick was appointed moderator of that Synod an-
other evidence of his commanding influence, and of the esteem in
which he was held. For twenty-five years after settlement he min-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 163
istered to both Middle and Upper Musquodoboit congregations.
After 1874 he ministered to Middle Musquodoboit people alone. In
June, 1875 the great union of all the Presbyterian churches in Canada
took place at Montreal, and on the i6th of that month the Synod
of the Maritime Provinces met in that city by direction of the Gen-
eral Assembly. Mr. Sedgwick was chosen as its moderator the
first moderator of the present Synod a very great and richly mer-
ited distinction. Comparatively little business, however, was done
at that meeting, consequently, it was agreed to meet again on the
5th of October in St. John, New Brunswick. Mr. Sedgwick opened
that meeting by a fine sermon from Romans 13: 12, "The night is
far spent, etc." But he did not then retire from the moderator's
chair. He was enthusiastically re-appointed for another year, being
the only Synod moderator who ever remained in office for two suc-
cessive meetings. The next Synod meeting was at Halifax on Oc-
tober 3, 1876, and Mr. Sedgwick preached a powerful opening sermon
from John 4:38, "Other men labored, etc." In 1877 the degree of
Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by Queen's University,
another well-merited honor. In 1882 he demitted his charge, after
thirty-three years faithful and earnest service for Christ in this
country, and forty-six years after his licensure. The Presbytery met
in Halifax on August I5th when his resignition was regretfully
accepted. At that meeting a very fine address was presented to him
by the congregation which spoke of him in the highest terms and
manifested for him the greatest affection and admiration. He was
also presented with a substantial token of their esteem.
Dr. Sedgwick entered into his eternal rest on April 2, 1885 at
a time of great excitement in Canada, for the Reil rebellion in the
Northwest had broken out, and a Halifax contingent under Col.
Brenner was getting ready to leave on April nth. The funeral of
this loved and honored minister took place on April 6, 1885 and was
very largely attended. The services, which were most impressive,
were conducted by his successor, Rev. E. S. Bayne, assisted by sev-
eral other clergymen of whom there were a dozen present.
Dr. Sedgwick was married to Jessie Middleton, a native of Perth,
Scotland, who preceded him to the grave nearly seven years, in 1878.
She was a daughter of William Middleton and wife, natives of Scot-
land, in which country they spent their lives. Mrs. Sedgwick was
much esteemed and loved by all who knew her. When she died the
congregation presented to their pastor a most affectionate address
164 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
and spoke of her in the highest terms. In his reply the Doctor
said : "For forty-one years she adorned all the family relationships
in her own household in a manner and to an extent which are worthy
of imitation. She earned the eulogy of a 'good wife' passed by the
spirit of God in the last chapter of the Book of Proverbs. To all
of you she is still to memory dear. That you loved and honored
her has been conclusively proven by the name you gave your church
'The Middleton church.' ' She was a splendid partner and help-
mate to the Doctor, and was the devoted mother of eleven children,
all of whom rose up often and called her "blessed," and on whom
her mantle fell, making them honored and respected both in church
and state. What a glorious family reunion there will be by and by!
The eleven children of Dr. Sedgwick and wife were named as
follows: Rev. Thomas Sedgwick, D.D., of Tatamagouche, married
Christina P. MacGregor, a daughter of Roderick MacGregor and a
granddaughter of Dr. James MacGregor. (A record of this old
family will be found on other pages of this history.) The follow-
ing children were born to the above marriage : William Middleton
is now traffic manager of the Nova Scotia Steel & Coal Company at
New Glasgow : Sarah is the widow of Dr. James M. Clark, and she
lives at Tatamagouche. Dr. Thomas Sedgwick was ordained in
1860, and was pastor of the Presbyterian church at Tatamagouche
for a period of fifty years. He served as moderator of the General
Assembly, also of the Synod, and is now clerk of the Synod. He
was made a Doctor of Divinity in 1893 ' } 7 tne Presbyterian College
at Halifax. Jane Sedgwick was the second child of the subject of
this sketch; Agnes, next in order, who is now deceased, was the
wife of John Henderson, of Dundee, Scotland. John Sedgwick,
the fourth child, who is in the railroad business, lives in Leith, Scot-
land. Jessie Sedgwick, the fifth child, married Archibald Camp-
bell, ship builder and merchant of Tatamagouche, and are both now
deceased ; their son William was for some time connected with the
Nova Scotia Steel & Coal Company at North Sydney, Cape Breton.
George Sedgwick, the sixth child, died when five years old. Robert
Sedgwick, seventh child, married Mary McKay, of Halifax, where
he practiced law successfully for many years; he was appointed
deputy Minister of Justice at Ottawa, and later elected to the bench
of the Supreme Court ; he died some time ago. William Sedgwick,
the eighth child of our subject, married Annie Leedham ; he con-
tinued as a farmer on the old homestead, became a justice of the
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 165
peace and was a man of influence in his community; his eldest child,
Rev. W. H., is a Bachelor of Arts and lives in Hamilton, Ontario;
George H. lives in Toronto; John lives in St. George, Ontario;
Robert lives in Toronto; Fannie is the wife of W. Gladwin, of
British Columbia; Jessie, who was a trained nurse in Toronto for
some time, is now with the Canadian troops at the front in Europe.
Henry Sedgwick was the ninth child of our subject, Ann Sedgwick,
the tenth child, married T. P. Deane, deceased, and she is living in
Upper Musquodoboit. James A. Sedgwick, the eleventh and young-
est child of Dr. Robert Sedgwick and wife, was born September 29,
1860, and was educated in the common schools and Dalhousie Uni-
versity, from which institution he was graduated in 1881 with the
degree of Bachelor of Arts, and in 1883 the degree of Bachelor of
Laws was conferred upon him, after he had completed the course in
the law department; on September 21, 1892, he married Norma
Sprott, a daughter of Charles X. Sprott and a granddaughter of
Rev. John Sprott, predecessor of Rev. Robert Sedgwick in the
ministry at Musquodoboit. To James A. Sedgwick and wife four
children have been born John, whose birth occurred March 29,
1899; and Charles Hill Wallace, born August 21, 1902; Robert,
born January 8, 1906; Jenneth Middleton, born March 7. 1911.
James A. Sedgwick was admitted to the bar on Decemljer 9, 1884,
and began the practice of law as a member of the firm of Sedgwick,
Ross & Sedgwick, later forming a new firm Sedgwick, Ross &
McKay, which continued until 1895, when the firm was dissolved.
From 1907 to the present time Mr. Sedgwick has been successfully
engaged in the practice of his profession at Middle Musquodoboit.
He is a member of the Xorth British Society, of which he was vice-
president for many years. Politically he is a Conservative, and
religiously, a Presbyterian.
Dr. Robert Sedgwick's salary was never more than six hundred
dollars per year, but he never complained. On the contrary, on one
occasion, he offered to reduce his stipend. If he had been a lawyer,
a doctor or a merchant, he might have died a millionaire. But he
was richer far than that passing rich in the affections of his people,
in the prayers of a host of friends, in the memory of a splendid
work done on the approval of his conscience, and in the smile of
his Lord.
We must try to estimate Dr. Sedgwick's worth and work. When
he passed to the great beyond he unquestionably heard from the
l66 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
lips of pur Lord the sweet welcome "Well done, good and faithful
servant." The same testimony we can all cheerfully give: First,
he was a good man. The first and greatest requirement of a Chris-
tian minister is goodness, genuine, deep and manifest piety noth-
ing can take the place of that not learning or eloquence or socia-
bility or hospitality. A holy life alone can be a continual bene-
diction, pouring out like light from a lamp, like heat from a fire,
like fragrance from a rose. It is light alone that can enlighten.
It is fire alone that can kindle a flame, and it is piety alone that can
bless others, enriching and enthusing them. Of a saintly women
a poet beautifully said:
"A gospel of a life like hers
Is more than books or scrolls;
Our dear Lord's ,best interpreters
Are humble human souls."
"However it be it seems to me
'Tis only noble to be good;
Kind hearts are more than coronets,
And simple faith than Norman blood."
Dr. Sedgwick was guileless and humble, courteous and gentle-
manly, cheerful and hopeful, sympathetic and benevolent a living
epistle of Christ a true picture of Christ. His name is still pregnant
with all that is excellent and honorable. But he was faithful as
well as good; he was faithful in every relation in life faithful in
the home, in the church, and in the world. In particular he was
faithful and excellent, first, in his preaching. In matter his sermons
were searching and helpful. He never offered what cost him noth-
ing. The Sessions Minute after his death says: "He was always
careful in preparation for the pulpit. His preaching was of a high
order." Sometimes he was a Braneys, thundering loudly against
ungodliness in every form. As the physician not only guards his
own health, but attacks diseases which prevail around him; as fire-
men not only guard their homes against fire, but try to quench the
fire that is devouring homes around them, so Dr. Sedgwick not only
eschewed evil himself but sought to destroy it in every form around
him. He ever strove to smash the traps by which foolish creatures
are caught. But he was also a Barnabas. He delighted to preach
the gospel of hope and comfort. He pointed sinners to the cross,
pleading with them to look to the crucified one, and assuring them
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 1 67
that none need perish. He spoke to the suffering, sorrowing and
mourning with great sympathy and poured the balm of consolation
into their bleeding hearts. He did not strive to be an amusing,
entertaining or sensational preacher. He gave medicine, not sweet-
meats, to the sick. He gave bread, not flowers, to the hungry. He
gave a guide-book, not a book of anecdotes, to the lost. He fed his
people with good food, with sincere milk and meat of the Word.
As to the manner of his preaching, it was always eloquent and
earnest. "The old man eloquent," he was generally called during
the latter part of his life. When he retired, Dr. Murray of the
Witness pronounced him "by far our greatest orator." His preach-
ing always had fire in it. He wrote an excellent little book on
"Fellowship With Christ," and his last sermon, which has been
preserved, was on the striking text, "Father, the hour is come."
Second, the Doctor was faithful and excellent in praying. His
prayers were always remarkable, full of Scripture quotations, ex-
pressive and suited to circumstances, wonderfully unctuous and
powerful. When he prayed in church courts all were carried away
up to the very gates of Heaven. Many great men are sadly deficient
in prayer. Some mumble, and others roll forth beautiful sentences
which mean nothing. Dr. Sedgwick had a mighty voice which could
always be heard in large buildings, but his prayers were always
characterized by propriety and devotional feeling.
Third, Dr. Sedgwick was faithful as a pastor. He was not by
any means like the minister of whom it was said that he was invisible
on six days of the week, and incomprehensible on the seventh. His
field was at first very extensive, twenty-eight miles from end to end,
but he neglected no one, and as the Session Minute says, "His pas-
toral visits were always welcome." He was especially mindful of
the suffering, worrying and dying, and many have thanked God and
thanked him for his visits to their homes.
Fourth, He was faithful as a Presbyter. He regularly attended
church courts, and took part in all their proceedings with wisdom
and zeal. The Session in its minutes, says, "He ruled wisely and
well in the session and congregation. That was true also when he
occupied the moderator's chair in Presbytery and Synod. He was
not by any means narrow and bigoted a stickler for petty things
but he always adhered faithfully to the laws and usages of the
church.
Fifth, He was faithful as a public servant. Some affirm that
l68 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
he was more forceful on the platform than in the pulpit. At any
rate he was much sought after for week night lectures. With his
marvelous pathos and power he often swayed great audiences in
old Temperance Hall, Starr street, Halifax. No man ever drew
greater crowds than he. So, too, he was in great demand at church
openings and on common occasion. His name soon became
familiar as a household word throughout the Maritime Provinces
generally.
In 1882 he gave a remarkable address to the students of Dal-
housie College. His theme was two-fold, "Give thyself to reading,
and give thyself to prayer." Learning and praying must ever be
conjoined. The prayerless are always powerless.
Dr. Sedgwick ran a good race, fought a good fight, and did a
good work for his church on earth, and now he wears a bright
crown full of stars, and sits on a glorious throne in the glory land,
and we all, I trust, shall meet him by and by.
"Still shines the light of holy lives
Like starbeams over doubt ;
Each sainted memory, Christ-like drives
Some dark possession out."
Let us all hold the great and good men and women of the past
in everlasting remembrance.
HON. SIR FREDERICK WILLIAM BORDEN.
Hon. Sir Frederick William Borden, K. C, M. G., 1902. Knight
of Grace, Order of St. John of Jerusalem 1902 : B. A., M. D.,
D. C. L., LL. D: P. C. (Canada) 1896; Minister of Militia defence,
1896-1911. He was born May 14, 1847, an d is a son of Dr. J. and
Maria F. Borden. He was first married in 1873, to Julia M. Clarke,
who died in 1880. In 1884 he married Bessie B. Clarke. He has
two daughters. He was educated in the University of King's Col-
lege, Windsor, Nova Scotia, where he received the degree of Bachelor
of Arts; later was graduated from Harvard University Medical
School with the degree of Doctor of Medicine, at Boston, Mas-
sachusetts. He began practicing medicine in 1868. He was ap-
pointed assistant surgeon of the Sixty-eighth Battalion, Kings
County Militia in 1869, now surgeon lieutenant-colonel and hon-
orary colonel of the Canadian Army Medical Corps ; he was honorary
Surgeon-General in the Imperial Army in 1911. He was first elec-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 169
ted to the House of Commons in 1874; since then has represented
same (Kings County, Nova Scotia) continuously to 1911, except
during the years 1883 to 1886, having been elected ten times and
defeated once. Recreations: Walking, fishing, music. Clubs: Rideau,
Ottawa; Halifax, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Address: Canning, Nova
Scotia.
BISHOP CHARLES INGLIS.
One of the great churchmen of Nova Scotia during a past gen-
eration was Bishop Charles Inglis, a man who did much for the
cause of religion here in the early days. His birth probably occurred
in New York, in 1734. From 1755 to 1758 he conducted a free
school at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and gained the good will of the
neighbors who recommended him to the Society for the Propagation
of the Gospel. He came to England was ordained by the Bishop
of London, and, returning to America, began work on the Dawn
mission station, which then included the county of Kent, Delaware,
July I, 1759. In 1765 he became assistant to Dr. Auchnutz, at
Holy Trinity church, New York City, and catechist to the negroes.
While there he took part in the controversy on the subject of the
American episcopacy, advocating its foundation in a pamphlet, and
being a member of the voluntary convocation which met May 21,
1766. In conjunction with Sir William Johnson he actively assisted
in evangelical work among the Mohawk Indians. The University
of Oxford created him, by diploma, a Master of Arts, April 6, 1770,
and a Doctor of Divinity, February 25, 1778.
In 1776 when Washington obtained possession of New York,
Dr. Inglis, as a Loyalist, retired to Long Island for a time, but
Dr. Auchnutz died March 4,, 1777, and Dr. Inglis was chosen to
succeed him in the benefice of Holy Trinity. The church had just
been burnt down, and Dr. Inglis was inducted by Governor Tryon
among the ruins. His loyalty to the English crown rendered him
obnoxious to the new American government. His property was
taken from him, and he appeared in the Act of Attainder in 1779.
He resigned his living November I, 1783, and visited England. On
August 12, 1787 he was consecrated first Bishop of Nova Scotia,
thus becoming the first British colonial bishop. He proceeded to
his diocese, and in 1809 was made a member of the Council of Nova
Scotia. His record in this Province was a most useful and com-
mendable one. His death occurred at Halifax, in 1816.
170 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
He married Margaret Crooke, daughter of John Crooke, of
Ulster County, New York, and to this union two daughters and one
son were born. The son, John Inglis, also became a great church-
man and was the third Bishop of Nova Scotia. He died in London
in 1850. He was the father of Sir John Eardley Wilmot Inglis.
JAMES HOWARD CAVANAGH.
James Howard Cavanagh, the present postmaster of New Glas-
gow, Nova Scotia, is a son of the late Thomas Cavanagh, merchant,
of New Glasgow. His grandfather, James Cavanagh, was born in
Sligo, Ireland, and came to Nova Scotia in 1820. He settled at
Barneys River in the County of Pictou. Thomas Cavanagh married
Isabel Culton of Riverton. Their family consisted of eight children,
of whom James Howard was the third. He was born in New Glas-
gow in December, 1857. He received hig education in the public
schools, and in 1873 entered the employ of J. W. Jackson, druggist,
of New Glasgow, with whom he served an apprenticeship for four
years. He was employed for some time in the wholesale drug busi-
ness in Halifax and then returned home to become a partner in Mr.
Jackson's business, which was continued under the firm name of J.
W. Jackson & Co. until 1895, when it was transferred to R. M.
Jackson, the eldest son of the former proprietor who had died in
1881. In 1896 J. H. Cavanagh was appointed to a place in the Cus-
tom House, and on the death of William Eraser, postmaster at
New Glasgow, in 1900, Mr. Cavanagh was appointed his successor.
He has now held the position for sixteen years and has given satis-
faction to the people and the postoffice department.
Mr. Cavanagh was married in 1885 to Margaret Jean Mackay,
a daughter of the late John Mackay, a well-known and respected
citizen of New Glasgow and Pictou. The following are their chil-
dren : Harry Cavanagh, civil engineer, educated at Dalhousie Uni-
versity and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, had engineering
experience with the Virginia Bridge and Iron Company, the Nova
Scotia Steel and Coal Company, and was assistant to H. H. Lane,
consulting engineer, in the erection of the Eastern Car Company's
plant at Trenton, Nova Scotia. He enlisted in the Canadian Engi-
neers and is now overseas as lieutenant in the first Canadian contin-
gent. John Lorraine, the second son, is a mining engineer, edu-
cated at Dalhousie University and the Nova Scotia Technical Col-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 1 71
lege. He was employed at the Wabana Iron Mines for some years.
When the European war broke out he returned to Halifax and
enlisted in the Canadian Engineers. At present he has the rank of
lieutenant and is employed as superintending engineer. In 1915 he
married Lillian MacLean, daughter of Edward MacLean, Esq., of
St. Johns, Newfoundland. Margaret Isabel, the eldest daughter of
our subject, is a schol teacher in New Glasgow. She is a graduate
of the Normal College. Christine M., the younger daughter, is
attending school.
Politically, Mr. Cavanagh is a Liberal. He served on the school
board of his town for some years. He is a member of the Presby-
terian church.
ROBERT HUGH MACKAY.
One of the enterprising men of Pictou county who has been an
advocate of progress in all phases of life is Robert Hugh Mackay.
Since progress at any legitimate sacrifice has been his watchword, he
has achieved a somewhat unusual degree of success, but he began
early to advance himself in his chosen arena of endeavor and has
left no stone unturned whereby he might do so.
Mr. Mackay was born at Riverton, Nova Scotia, June 30, 1868.
He is a son of Daniel and Christy Ann (Robertson) Mackay, both
of sterling New England stock, their ancestors having come to Amer-
ica in Colonial days and subsequently established homes in Xova
Scotia where they became well known and influential. The father
of our subject died in 1871.
Robert H. Mackay received his education in the public schools
of Stellarton, Pictou County, and he has devoted his active life to
business mercantile pursuits for the most part. He became presi-
dent of the R. B. Mackay & Co., Ltd. of Westville, being the princi-
pal factor in the growth and success of the business. He is a man
of keen business foresight, sound judgment and persistency, and
prompt and honest dealings have ever been his aim.
Mr. Mackay was married on June 3, 1897, to Margaret Eraser,
and to this union two children were born Donald Atherton Mackay
and Helen Isabel Mackay.
Politically, Mr. Mackay is a Liberal. He was mayor of West-
ville in 1907. He was a candidate for the Nova Scotia Legislature
in 1906 and was defeated by only seventy-two votes, but he was
1 7 2
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
elected to this office on February 6, 1909, and was re-elected at the
general election in 1911. He has discharged the duties of this im-
portant office in a manner that has reflected much credit upon him-
self and to the eminent satisfaction of all concerned, doing much for
the general welfare of his district.
In religious affairs he is a Presbyterian.
JOHX JAMES GRANT.
Xo matter what line of work one is engaged in he should strive
to become an expert in it, which will not only result in better remune-
ration, but a greater degree of satisfaction and pleasure all around.
John James Grant, well known contractor and builder of New Glas-
gow, Pictou County, realized these facts when starting out in life.
Mr. Grant was torn at Little Harbour, Pictou County, in April,
1852. He is a son of Joseph and Amelia (McNeill) Grant, the latter
a sister of Robert McNeill, who was warden of Pictou County for
a number of years. The father was born at Little Harbour, Nova
Scotia, and was a son of Peter Grant, a native of Scotland, who was
a soldier in the Britsh army, who located in Little Harbour, this
Province, after he was honorably discharged from his regiment. He
spent the balance of his life on the farm, living to a ripe old age. He
finally divided the farm l>etween his two sons, John and Joseph
Grant, and they continued to reside on these farms, both raising
families and living to be over eighty years of age. There were
thirteen children in Joseph Grant's family, of which the subject of
this sketch was the eldest.
John J. Grant, of this sketch, grew up on the home farm and
he received his education in the public schools of his native com-
munity. When twenty-one years of age he went to Boston and
learned the carpenter's trade, remaining there several years, then
returned to Nova Scotia, locating at New Glasgow where he has
since resided and has been actively and successfully engaged as a
contractor and builder.
Mr. Grant was married in 1878 to Elmira Forbes of New Glas-
gow, a daughter of James Forbes, a carpenter and builder there. To
this union the following children have been born: Herbert, born
in New Glasgow, June 8, 1879, attended the public schools of his
native city, being graduated from the high school here, then took a
course in the Commercial College at Belleville, Ontario, after which
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 173
he joined his father in the contracting and building business in which
he has since been engaged. He married in October, 1907, Clara
Smith, a native of New Glasgow, and a daughter of John R. Smith,
a merchant of that place for many years, and to their union two chil-
dren have been born Herbert Forbes Grant, and Charles John
Grant. Emily Grant, our subject's second child, is now the widow
of Orien Shaw; William Grant is making his home in Winnipeg,
Manitoba; 'George Grant married Mable Blue, a daughter of the
manager of the Spring Hill miles, and young Grant is now in busi-
ness with his father and brother. Herbert Grant, Sr. , was elected
to the city council in 1915, and he served as president of the board
of trade for two years.
John J. Grant was elected to the town council in the early eighties
and served six years in that capacity, doing much the meanwhile
for the general welfare of New Glasgow. Later he was elected and
reelected mayor, serving two terms with much satisfaction to all
concerned and credit to himself. He has erected many of the best
public, business and private) residences in New Glasgow, including
the Bank of Nova Scotia, the Chamber's brick and stone block, the
woolen mills in Oxford, the stations on the Midland Railroad, the
plant for the Standard Clay Works, and the plant for the Canada
Tool & Specialty Company, the dormitory for the St. Francis Xavier
College at Antigonish, and a great number of less important build-
ings and residences. His work has always given satisfaction because
it has been well and honestly done.
JOHN BELL, M. D.
When Dr. John Bell, of New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, decided to
enter the medical profession, he determined to reach the highest rank
possible, and thus he has labored diligently and conscientiously to this
end, with the result that he now stands in the front rank of his pro-
fessional brethren. He was born in the above named town on Jan-
uary 5, 1876, and is a son of the Hon. Adam Carr Bell, merchant and
legislator of that place, who was born at Pictou, Nova Scotia, No-
vember ii, 1847, and is the son of Basil H. and Mary (Carr) Bell,
the former a native of Haddingtonshire, Scotland, and the latter
was the oldest daughter of Adam Carr, of Albion Mines, Nova Sco-
tia. The Doctor's father was educated at New Glasgow, the Sack-
ville Academy, and Glasgow University. In September, 1873, he
174 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
married Anna Henderson, a daughter of John Henderson of Albion
Mines. For many years Adam C. Bell engaged in the mercantile
business in New Glasgow, but retired from active life in 1912. He
served as school commissioner, warden and mayor of New Glasgow.
He is a Conservative, and sat in that interest for Pictou County
(Local), from 1878 to 1886. He was Provincial secretary during
the Thompson administration, in 1882, and local leader of the oppo-
sition from 1882 to 1887. He unsuccessfully contested Pictou
County for the House of Commons, at the general election in 1891,
and the same county (Local) in 1904. He sat for that county in
the House of Commons from 1896 to 1904, when he was defeated.
He is an honorary member of the North British Society of Halifax,
and president of the New Glasgow Literary and Historical Society.
He is a writer of much ability and force, and is author of "A Specu-
lative View of Canadian Free Trade," a lecture delivered in 1892,
and of "Canada and the Chamberlain Movement," in 1903. He
favors imperial federation. He became a senator (Duke of Con-
naught), in October. 1911. Religiously, he is a Presbyterian. It
has been well said of him that he is a man who studies public ques-
tions as he studies his business problems, and who has been steadily
coming forward into the front rank of parliamentarians.
Basil Bell, the Doctor's grandfather, was a native of Hadding-
tonshire, Scotland, in which country he grew to manhood and re-
ceived a classical education, and finally came to Nova Scotia. He
was one of the eminent scholars here in his day and generation, hav-
ing become familiar with such subjects as chemistry, Greek, etc.
He was regarded as one of the greatest Greek scholars of his time
and during his later life his favorite reading was the Greek classics.
He spent a short time in Prince Edward Island teaching, and then
became the teacher of classics in Pictou Academy during Dr. Mc-
Cullock's time. His wife's father, Adam Carr, was one of the
earliest mining men in Nova Scotia. In 1827 he built a railroad to
the river. This was the earliest railroad in Canada and was run
by horse power. Adam Carr, the maternal great-grandfather, en-
gaged in ship building for a number of years. His death occurred
in the city of Halifax when about fifty years old. He built the
substantial stone house at New Glasgow in which his descendants
still reside. The grandfather of our subject removed to Albion
Mines, where he opened a book store and another in New Glasgow,
later, in 1847, added a drug business, which he continued to conduct
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
the rest of his life. Grandmother Bell, ncc Carr, was also a drug-
gist, and she conducted the drug store in New Glasgow, her hus-
band then giving his attention, to the book store, continuing both
stores at Albion Mines and New Glasgow. They were the parents
of three children, namely : Mary, who married Dr. William Eraser ;
Adam Carr, and John. Shortly after the birth of the Doctor's
father the family removed from Pictou to New Glasgow. The
father, Adam Carr Bell, studied chemistry at Apothecary's Hall,
Glasgow, Scotland, and after his return to Nova Scotia he gave his
attention to the drug business, later taking over the business which
his parents had established in New Glasgow.
CUTHBERT S. TROTTER.
One of the younger business men of New Glasgow, Pictou
County, who is evidently a man of individual ideas is Cuthbert S.
Trotter. He is manager of Standard Clay Products, Limited, at
New Glasgow and seems to possess those qualities which make for
success, such attributes as zeal, candor, honesty of purpose, coupled
with a naturally optimistic temperament, which has been stimulated
by actual observation.
He was born at Montreal, Canada, May 4, 1880, and is a son
of Wallace C. and Kate M. (Evans) Trotter, both natives of Eng-
land, the father born in Gloucestershire and the mother in Liver-
pool. H. Sugden Evans, the maternal grandfather, was for mam-
years analytical chemist for the Dominion Government, and was so
employed at the time of his death. He had been educated in science
in London, England and was a partner in the firm of Evans Sons
& Company, Chemical Manufacturers, etc., prior to his coming to
North America. The father of our subject was a young man when
he came to Canada, and was in the warehousing business, in Mon-
treal prior to starting the Clay Products Company, in 1884 and
which he has since conducted successfully, being president of the
company and general manager. The Standard Clay Products Com-
pany, Limited, has works also in St. John's, Quebec, No. i plant
being located there and No. 2 and No. 3 plants at New Glasgow.
They manufacture sewer pipe from four inches to thirty inches
diameter, building blocks, chimney tops and flue linings, etc. The
works are conveniently located in the south end of New Glasgow,
within the city limits. When working at full capacity about three
hundred men are employed. The company has railroad connections
176 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
with the Intercolonial road. The products of this great plant are
sold over the Maritime Provinces and Quebec, finding a very ready
market owing to their superior quality and workmanship.
Cuthbert S. Trotter was married on October 19, 1904, to Jean
Creelman, of Maitland, Hants County, a daughter of F. S. Creel-
man, M.D., a respected citizen of that place. To this union two
children have been born Wallace S., and Catherine.
Politically Mr. Trotter is a Conservative. He takes an active
interest in outdoor sports, especially curling.
HENRY S. MACKAY.
By the judicious exercise of the talents with which nature en-
dowed him Henry S. MacKay, well known barrister of Westville,
Pictou County, has surmounted unfavorable environment and rose
to the position he now occupies as one of the leading lawyers and
influential men of the locality honored by his citizenship, having
been true and loyal in all the relations of life, standing as a type of
that sterling manhood which ever commands respect and honor.
Mr. MacKay was born at River John, Pictou County, March
13, 1871. He is a son of George and Jennie (McLean) MacKay,
the father a native of Earltown, Colchester County, and the mother
was born at Scotsburn, Pictou County. Donald MacKay, the grand-
father, was a native of Scotland. He and his wife, Christina Mac-
Kay, grew up in Scotland, where they were married, and finally came
to Xova Scotia, locating at Earltown, where they spent the rest of
their lives, the grandfather dying there at an advanced age, after
engaging in farming in the vicinity of Earltown. When a young
man the father of our subject, who spent his boyhood on the home
farm in Colchester County, went West and followed gold mining
in Colorado for some time, meeting with some success. Returning
to Xova Scotia he located at River John, where he engaged in farm-
ing and storekeeping, but finally moved to Westville. His family
consisted of three children.
Henry S. MacKay was the oldest of the family. He was four
years old when he removed with his parents to Westville, where he
attended the public schools. When a boy he began working for
the Intercolonial Coal Mining Company, Ltd., and was employed in
the office of the Black Diamond Company. After passing through
the public schools and Pictou Academy he entered Dalhousie Uni-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 177
versity, graduating from the law department, with the degree of
Bachelor of Laws in 1899, and was admitted to the bar in April of
that year. During his term at Dalhousie he was articled with Sir
Robert L. Borden, now Prime Minister of Canada. Returning to
Westville our subject began the practice of his profession, which he
has continued here for a period of sixteen years with increasing
success, enjoying a large and important clientage all the while.
Politically, he is a Liberal Conservative. He takes an active
part in public affairs. He has been "town solicitor" for the town
of Westville, and the town of Stellarton for several years, and is
also solicitor for the Bank of Nova Scotia at Westville. He is a
prominent member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and
member, also of the North British Society, Halifax.
ROBERT MCLEAN BENVIE, M. D.
Knowing at the outset that the medical profession was vast in
its scope and that success in the same required years of careful
preparation, Dr. Robert McLean Benvie of Stellarton, Pictou County,
has been a diligent student, in fact, has left no stone unturned
whereby he might advance himself in his chosen vocation. As a
result success is attending his efforts.
Dr. Benvie was born at Salt Springs, Pictou County, March n,
1879. He is a son of Eben and Margaret (McLean) Benvie, the
father a native of Musquodoboit, Halifax County, and the mother
of Salt Springs, this Province. Andrew Benvie, the grandfather,
was born at Musquodoboit, Nova Soctia. His father, James Ben-
vie, was a native of Scotland, where he spent his earlier years. He
was a soldier in the British army and he came to Nova Scotia with
his regiment. At the expiration of his term of service in the same
he located in Musquodoboit Valley where he served as captain of
militia and also as a justice of the peace. He was a man of con-
siderable education. Some of his writings are still in existence,
having the appearance of copper plate engraving. He operated a
good farm in the section mentioned above for many years. Robert
McLean, the maternal grandfather, was one of the early settlers at
Salt Springs, Pictou County. Andrew Benvie, the paternal grand-
father, bought a farm at Salt Springs where he passed the balance
of his life, living to be about seventy years of age. He married
Hannah Laws, a native of England. The father of our subject got
(12)
178 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
a portion of the homestead and by purchase added to it and he still
lives there, engaged in farming and stock raising. He is also a
carpenter by trade, which he still follows to some extent, working
in various parts of the county. His family consists of four sons,
Robert M. of this sketch being the third in order of birth.
Dr. Benvie grew to manhood on the home farm where he assisted
with the general work when a boy and he received his primary edu-
cation in the public schools at Salt Springs, then entered Pictou
Academy, where he was the winner of the gold medal at the expira-
tion of his four years' course, for the highest percentage 1446;
that year his was the highest average made in any academy in the
Province, in the sciences.
After leaving the academy he began teaching, which he followed
five years with much success. For some time he was principal of
the schools of Thorburn, also at Pughwash. But deciding that the
medical profession held greater inducements, he abandoned the
school room and went to Montreal where he entered McGill Uni-
versity, and, as in his academic course, he won honors in that insti-
tution, securing the Holmes gold medal in 1907 for the highest
average during his four years' course. He also won the Wood gold
medal for the best clinical examination, and he tied for the Wood-
ruff gold medal for eye, ear, nose and throat examination. These
facts speak for themselves, for such a record is rare and indicates
that our subject is not only a man of rare natural gifts but that he
is diligent and painstaking. Owing to the fact that he made the
highest average grades he was entitled to a two years' course in the
Royal Victoria Hospital. This proved to be an excellent experience
for him. Thus exceptionally \\tell equipped for his professional
duties, lie went to northern Ontario and spent three months as sur-
geon for the Canadian Pacific Railroad Company. He then came
to Westville, Nova Scotia, where he also spent three months, then
opened an office in Stellarton, taking over the practice of Dr. H. R.
Munro, decased. He has been very successful from the first and
has built up a large and lucrative practice.
Dr. Benvie was married September 10, 1912, to Mary Murray
of Stellarton, Pictou County. She is a daughter of James R. Mur-
ray, deceased. Mrs. Benvie received excellent educational advan-
tages. After passing through the public schools she entered the
Ladies College at Halifax, from which institution she was graduated
in music, having specialized on the violin. She was also a student
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 179
at the New England Conservatory of Music, Boston, Massachusetts.
She comes of a musical family and has decided natural talent. Both
her father and uncle were violinists of note.
One son, Robert Murray Benvie, has been born to our subject
and wife.
Politically Dr. Benvie is a Liberal.
REV. WILLIAM BERNARD MAcDONALD.
We find in our imperfect and brief contemplation of William
Bernard MacDonald, parish priest of Stellarton, Pictou County
who, while perhaps he does not possess what is called the "enthus-
iasm of humanity" has a keen sense of the humaness of human
beings; enjoys an undisplayed pleasure, at times, in observing and
meditating upon, and taking a curious and peculiar interest in his
fellow creatures, noting, peradventure more fully points of difference,
than of unity of sameness, but arriving at the tender conclusion that
they are our fellow creatures after all.
Father MacDonald was born at West Merigomish, Pictou County,
Nova Scotia, April 15, 1849. He is a son of Angus and Eunice
(MacLeod) MacDonald, the father born at the town of West Meri-
gomish, and the mother at Knoydart, Antigonish County. Donald
MacDonald, the grandfather, was also born at West Merigomish, in
which place his wife, Jeannette Grant, first saw the light of day,
and there they grew up amid a pioneer environment and were mar-
ried, establishing the future home of the family there; their parents
were among the earliest settlers in that part of the Province. Angus
MacDonald, the great grandfather, was a native of Lochaber, Scot-
land. He was a soldier in the British army, under Capt. John Mac-
Donald and took part in the siege of Quebec, after which his regi-
ment was disbanded. He received two grants of land. He was a
cousin of Capt. John MacDonald. His grant at Merigomish con-
tained over one thousand acres, his other grant was at Arisaig, Anti-
gonish County, being known as the Wentworth grant. He devoted
the rest of his life developing and farming his lands here, dying at
an advanced age. His four sons became fathers of thirty-two sons
and eighteen daughters. Twenty-eight of these sons would average
between seventy-two and seventy-three inches in height. The family
was known as the "big MacDonalds." They were active and in-
fluential in their communities. They engaged principally in lum-
bering.
l8o HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Angus MacDonald, father of the subject of this sketch, grew
to manhood in his native community, where he attended school and
was married and he engaged in lumbering and ship building, also
farming and he was successful in each line of endeavor. He lived
to be eighty-nine years of age. He was a man of excellent char-
acter. His family consisted of four sons and three daughters, of
whom William Bernard of this review was fifth in order of birth.
Father MacDonald received his early education in the district
schools of the Pictou Academy, after which he studied at St. Francis
Xavier College at Antigonish, then entered Lavel University, from
which he was graduated in 1876, with the degree of Bachelor of
Divinity. He had m?de an excellent record in the theological de-
partment of that institution.
After leaving college he came to Pictou County, near Stellarton
and built the Village Lourdes, where he has since remained. From a
small shed-like structure in which he began holding services, he has
built up the congregation and the work until they are now worship-
ing in a handsome and substantial church. He has also built a fine
Glebe house, convent, school and hall for the use of the parish, also
a sanitarium for consumptives, which was built in 1911, and is
modern in every detail, and here an excellent work is being done.
This parish extends to Pictou Harbour and includes Stellarton. Our
subject was the first parish priest in this parish. After having been
in the parish about eight years he bought the land now contained
in the Village of Lourdes, which he laid out in building lots, and
has erected over forty houses there, selling lots and houses on easy
payments, enabling families of moderate means to own their homes.
Others have emulated his example, adopting the same system. Many
now enjoy their own homes, who always before paid rent.
GEORGE GRAY.
There is something essentially Canadian in the life and character
of George Gray of the Acadia Coal Company, Limited, of Stellar-
ton, Nova Scotia. In Nova Scotia rare opportunities have existed
from the first to men of courage, honesty of purpose, integrity and
industry, to achieve success. The majority of our public men and
those who have legitimately achieved fortune have been men of the
above characteristics, and Mr. Gray is essentially one of that stamp,
however he has never risen to the ranks of the wealthy or to high
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. l8l
public positions; but he has sought to do his duty as a citizen in
every respect.
Mr. Gray was born in Stellarton, Pictou County, this Province,
on September 30, 1860. He is a son of Donald and Margaret
(Purvis) Gray, both natives of Nova Scotia, the father was born
at Hopewell, December 27, 1823, and the mother's birth occurred
at Plymouth, October 13, 1825. The paternal grandfather, Daniel
Gray, emigrated from Bulie, Inverness, Scotland, in June, 1801,
settling for a short time in Colchester County, but finally moved to
Pictou County, locating in Milltown (now known as Hopewell).
There he engaged in farming. He was a millwright by trade and
he erected a mill at that place, and in connection with farming op-
erated one of the first flouring mills in Pictou County. Several
years later he added a woolen-mill and a saw-mill. These mills were
all operated by water power from falls on his own farm. He was
a success and became one of the substantial and influential men of
his community. He and a number of his neighbors were drafted
for garrison duty at Halifax during the War of 1812, and remained
there from October until April the following year. Donald Gray,
father of the subject of this sketch, engaged in school teaching for
a number of years in his native village, after which he removed to
Stellarton in the year 1841, where he was employed as chief clerk
in the company's store, which position he occupied for nine years.
Later he went into business for himself, in which he continued until
1891, when the town, being incorporated, selected him as town clerk
and stipendiary magistrate, which position he occupied until 1908,
when, owing to the infirmities of old age, he retired, although he
continued to take an active interest in public affairs until his death,
which occurred on December 26, 1912. He was an excellent Gaelic
scholar and for many years contributed interesting articles to a
Gaelic newspaper published in Sydney, Cape Breton, and his articles
were much enjoyed by its readers. His wife preceded him to the
grave many years, dying on January 9, 1889. They were the parents
of the following children: Mrs. John M. Dunbar of Hopewell;
Mary and George, the subject of this sketch.
George Gray was educated in the high school at Stellarton, and
was temporaily employed at accounting work until 1883, when he
entered the employ of the Halifax Company, on November 2gth of
that year, and continued in their service until the amalgamation of
that company with the Acadia and Vale, which was consummated in
l82 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
1886, at which time he was promoted to a position in the amalgamated
company, in whose employ he continued, occupying various positions,
until today he is the assistant manager and general sales agent of
the Acadia Coal Company, Limited, and is giving high-grade, faith-
ful and satisfactory service.
Mr. Gray makes his home in Stellarton, Pictou County, and has
long been active in the development of the town, whose interests he
has ever had at heart. He was elected town councillor in 1903, and
he served as mayor from 1904 until 1906, inclusive, during which
period he did much for the general welfare of the community.
On November 21, 1900 Mr. Gray was united in marriage to
Minnie MacKay, daughter of the late George MacKay of Pictou.
He is a Liberal in politics and a Presbyterian in faith.
JAMES H. WILSON.
James H. Wilson, an insurance agent at New Glasgow, Pictou
County, is a man who, no doubt, would have won his way in any
locality where fate might have placed him, for he has sound judg-
ment, coupled with energy and business tact, together with upright
principles, all of which have ever made for success wherever they
have been rightly and persistently applied.
Mr. Wilson was born at St. John, New Brunswick, October 19,
1875. He is a son of James and Isabel (Roland) Wilson, both
natives of Scotland, in which country the grandfather, John Wilson,
was also born, and there he spent his entire life. The parents of our
subject spent their childhood in their native land and there received
their educations. When a young man the father came to Canada,
locating in St. John, New Brusnwick, where he engaged in the stove
and tinware business, removed to St. Stephen in 1880, where he
continued in the same line of business until his death in 1914. He
was always regarded as an excellent citizen.
James H. Wilson, oldest of James Wilson's sons, spent his boy-
hood in St. Stephen, and was educated in the public schools, then
served his time as a printer in the office of the Courier at St. Stephen,
after which he came to Cape Breton, spending a year in Hawkes-
bury, then went to Amherst, spending several months as foreman
on the Nezvs, in 1895, after which he came to New Glasgow and
engaged in the printing business on his own account, conducting
with success a job printing plant until 1905, when he sold out and
managed the Pictou Standard for one year. He then went to
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 183
Winnipeg, Manitoba and traveled for the famous house of Miller
& Richard of Edinburgh, Scotland, type-founders. Mr. Wilson
covered the territory from Winnipeg to the Pacific coast, giving his
firm entire satisfaction. Returning to New Glasgow in the autumn
of 1905 he became manager of the Standard, which had been removed
to New Glasgow. He reorganized the plant and placed it on an
excellent business basis. In February, 1910, he gave up the news-
paper business and turned his attention to insurance, in which he has
since been engaged with ever-increasing success. He represents the
National Assurance Company of Canada and is supervisor of
agencies of the Maritime Provinces. He was sent by his company
to Vancouver in the spring of 1911 as provincial manager, remain-
ing there one year. In addition he has a large guarantee, accident,
liability and fire insurance business.
Mr. Wilson was married December 21, 1896 to Nellie Wolfe of
New Glasgow. She is a daughter of the late Harry Wolfe, an old
resident of Pictou and New Glasgow and who for many years suc-
cessfully engaged in the insurance business.
One child has been born to our subject and wife, Marjorie Roland
Wilson.
Politically, he is a Conservative. He belongs to the Independent
Order of Odd Fellows, and to the Presbyterian church.
CONNELL EDWARD A VERY DE WITT, B. A., M. D., C. M.
The medical profession of Kings County has no abler exponent
among its members than Dr. Council Edward Avery de Witt of
Wolfville, universally liked by all with whom he comes in contact.
His friends feel deservedly proud of his success in his profession, for
he has studied hard, worked diligently and been self-sacrificing when
there was need, and, judging from his past experience and success,
the future holds much of promise for him.
Dr. de Witt was born at Chester, Lunenburg County, Nova
Scotia, February 20, 1882.
Dr. de Witt received his early education in the public schools
of Halifax and Wolfville, then entered the Acadia Collegiate
Academy, subsequently studying at Acadia University, from which
institution he was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts
in 1904. He then entered McGill University, at Montreal, and was
graduated from the medical department in 1909. In order to fur-
ther equip himself for the successful practice of his profession he
184 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
went to Switzerland and studied surgery at the University of Berne,
later studying in the Medical University of Munich, also spent some
time in Heidelberg, Leipsic and Berlin, in all of which he added to
his professional knowledge. Thus exceptionally well equipped for
his chosen life work he returned to Nova Scotia in the fall of 1910
and began the practice of his profession at Wolfville, where he has
since remained, enjoying a large practice and taking a position in
the front rank of the medical men of Kings County. He has been
very successful Ixith as a surgeon and general practitioner.
Dr. de Witt was married June 29, 1909, to Florence U. Hard-
ing, a daughter of Chprles Harding, formerly of St. John, now of
Montreal. Mrs. de Witt was given excellent educational advantages.
To our subject and wife three children have been born: Frances
Maie, Elizabeth Connell, and Ruth Harding (deceased).
Dr. de Witt is a member of the Canadian Medical Association,
also of the Valley Medical Society. He is a member of the Alpha
Kappa Kappa fraternity. Politically, he is a Conservative; and
religiously, a Baptist. While in college he took much interest in
athletics, playing in nearly all the clubs.
HENRY MITCHELL.
Although never a man of great wealth or a holder of high and
important public trusts Henry Mitchell, a venerable and honored
citizen of Dominion, Nova Scotia, is a man whose record shows that
he is the possessor of the traits of character that men must have if
they achieve much success in any field of human endeavor. He has
been one of the best known figures in the mining world of this
Province for many decades, and although now in his ninetieth year
he is the possessor of strong mental and physical endowments, as a
result of honest, careful and abstemious living.
Mr. Mitchell was born at Kieghley, Yorkshire, England, Feb-
ruary 1 6, 1826, and is a son of James Mitchell who was born at
Kilmarnock, Scotland, who was a soldier in the service as a recruit-
ing sergeant for the Scots Greys Regiment. The mother of our
subject was known in her maidenhood as Martha Driver, and was
born at Kieghley, Yorkshire, England. James Mitchell with his
wife and family of nine sons and one daughter, sailed from Liver-
pool, England in the small brig Henrietta, which was loaded with
rails and blasting powder, consigned to the General Mining Asso-
ciation, which was then operating the Sydney mines and the Bridge-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 185
port coal fields. The vessel landed at North Sydney, Cape Breton.
From there the Mitchell's went to Lingan where they crossed the bar
and settled in Bridgeport, James Mitchell managing the mines there
for a number of years.
Henry Mitchell commenced work in the pit at the early age of
twelve years, later working in the Sydney mines pits. He left Cape
Breton when about sixteen years old and worked in a number of the
soft and hard coal mines of Pennsylvania. He returned to Cape
Breton where he married Mary Ann Boutilier, a daughter of John
Peter and Elizabeth Boutilier, who had migrated from Margaret's
Bay in Halifax County in 1820, settling in what is still known as
Old Bridgeport. Our subject was married in old St. George's
church at Sydney, by the Rev. Charles Inglis. This marriage re-
sulted in the birth of twelve children, all now living but three, namely :
James, Elizabeth and Maryann. James was the eldest ; John
Charles, Elizabeth and Grace were all torn in Pennsylvania ; Martha,
Thomas, Maryann, Henry, James the second, Frederick, Ellen and
Newton B. were born in Cape Breton.
Henry Mitchell returned with his family to Cape Breton in 1854.
During his residence in Pennsylvania in 1850 and 1852 he made
two trips to California, accompanied by his brothers William and
James, making both journeys across the isthmus of Panama on foot.
They engaged in prospecting and gold digging in the West, and al-
though they made no rich strike they nevertheless accumulated a
goodly store of nuggets and gold dust. He tells many interesting
incidents of his trips to the far West and experiences in the famous
gold fields. In 1858 he became associated with the late Edward P.
Archbold in opening and developing the Glace Bay coal areas and
the harbor adjacent thereto, commencing operations at what was
known as the Burnt mines and which is now the location of the
Dominion Coal Company's largest producer, the No. 2 Colliery.
Owing to lack of shipping facilities operations were soon transferred
to what is known as the Hub Seam and later the Harbor Seam was
opened and worked to considerable extent. This was followed by
the opening of what is known as the Sterling pit on the latter seam.
After twenty-six years of continuous work in Glace Bay Mr. Mitchell
removed to Old Bridgeport where, with the late Newton L. McKay
of Sydney, he leased from the General Mining Association, Limited,
the old Bridgeport areas, the site of his first efforts in coal mining.
He reopened the old shaft and workings, and after the death of his
1 86 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
partner, who was with him but one year, he continued to develop this
property successfully for ten years, selling his interests there in 1895
to the International Coal Company of Montreal, which was at that
time operating the International Mines of Bridgeport, and that con-
cern almost immediately transferred its whole property to the Domin-
ion Coal Company, then being organized, and which now operates
its No. i Colliery there.
After retiring from active business, in which he had been very
successful from a financial standpoint, Mr. Mitchell, in 1896, ac-
cepted a position as examiner on the Provincial Board of Mining
Examiners, which he held for several years, or until the reorganiza-
tion of the same. He was also a member of the Provincial Com-
mission, appointed to examine into the cause of the explosion and
fires in the Ford pits in Pictou County. He also held the office of
commissioner of pilots for Glace Bay. He was a member of the
Board of Sessions for Cape Breton County and later served as muni-
cipal councillor for District No. n. He is a Liberal in politics and
is a firm advocate of reciprocity in trade or tariffs. He is a mem-
ber of the Church of England. He is a true and loyal British
Canadian.
ROBERT MACLELLAN, LL. D.
Of Dr. Maclellan, principal of Pictou Academy, the following
brief biography is extracted from "Pictonians at Home and Abroad" :
"He is the second son of the late John Maclellan, Esq., of Dur-
ham. His early education was secured at the Grammar School, Dur-
ham, and at Pictou Academy. He entered Dalhousie University in
1870; and led his classes in Mathematics and English, and divided
honors in Classics. He married Martha M. Eraser. He took charge
of the Preparatory Department of Pictou Academy in 1873; was
appointed English and Classical Master in 1877; Government In-
spector of Schools for Pictou and South Colchester in 1883. He
was called to the Principalship of Pictou Academy in 1889, on the
retirement of Dr. A. H. Mackay to become Superintendent of Edu-
cation for Nova Scotia. He has now completed his twenty-fifth
year of service as Principal one-fourth of the whole lifetime of the
Academy. In addition, he taught Classics as a colleague of Dr.
Mackay for six years.
"In 1908, the Senate of Dalhousie University conferred on him
the honorary degree of LL. D. In presenting him, Professor Mur-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 187
ray, Dean of the Senate, said: Tictou Academy has been singu-
larly fortunate in having at its head a long line of men who have
earned distinction both as teachers and leaders in the educational
world; and, among these, our distinguished alumnus, Robert Mac-
lellan, holds high and honorable place. In recognition of the high
character of his work as a teacher, and of the eminent success of
his Principalship, I ask you, Mr. President, in the name of the
Senate of the University, to confer the degree of Doctor of Laws.
honoris causa, on Robert Maclellan.' '
The richly deserved honoring of Principal Maclellan by the sen-
ate of Dalhousie University was the occasion of a spontaneous out-
burst of gratitude and affection from his former students and asso-
ciates, in all parts of the world. Letters and telegrams of congratu-
lation and appreciation, accompanied by handsome and substantial
tetsimonials were showered upon him. To say that Dr. Maclellan
has won the abiding respect of all students of Pictou Academy dur-
ing his term of principalship. and the sincere affection of most,
would be well within the mark. His influence for good has been of
incalcuable value to his native county and Province. Courtesy, truth
and sterling manliness have been the guiding principles of his personal
life as well as of his teaching. He has respected, trusted and in-
spired his students. They have duly responded, as young people
always do, to such leadership. Generations yet unborn will have
profound cause for thankfulness that such an accomplished, able,
honorable, and genuinely sympathetic gentleman as Robert Maclellan
so long occupied such a vitally important post as that of head of so
far-reaching a source of inspiration as the splendid old Pictou
Academy, of which he has now been Principal for more than a fourth
of its existence.
MURDOCK DANIEL MORRISON. M. D.
From the life record of Dr. Murdock Daniel Morrison, physician
at Dominion, Cape Breton, many useful lessons may be gleaned by
the youth starting out on the road to success in professional life,
for he has been a man who believed in the wise saying of an old
philosopher, "Lose no time in getting off the wrong road as soon as
you discover that you are traveling it." He has not only made a
success in his chosen line of endeavor, but has also been a good
citizen.
Dr. Morrison was born at Englishtown, Victoria County, Nova
1 88 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Scotia, April 8, 1868. He is a son of Neil and Margaret Morrison.
The father was born at Harris, Scotland in 1828, and the mother
was born at Bras d'Or in 1838.
Dr. Morrison grew up in his native community and received his
education in the public schools at Englishtown and at the Sydney
Academy ; then attended Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New
York City, also took a course at Edinburgh University, in Scotland.
In his earlier days he taught school for five years. He practiced
medicine for two years at Reserve Mines with Dr. McKay, later a
Senator. Since 1897 he has been located at Dominion, where No. i
Colliery of the Dominion Coal Company is located, and he has built
up a large and successful practice. He is a member of the medical
and surgical staff of St. Joseph's Hospital and of the Glace Bay
General Hospital.
Dr. Morrison was married on Decemljer 20, 1899 to Katie Mac-
donald. a daughter of Xorman MacDonald, Esq., and Margaret (Mar-
tin) MacDonald of Sydney, Nova Scotia.
To the Doctor and wife three children have been born, namely:
Mabel Margaret. Clarence Norman, and Frances Willard.
Politically, Dr. Morrison is a Liberal. He has been school com-
missioner at Dominion for the past eight years during which he has
done much to encourage better schools there. He is now town
health officer. Religiously, he is /a P'resbyterian. Fraternally, "he
belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and he is a mem-
ber of the Canadian Medical Society. His hobby is literature, and
he can discuss the classical authors with the same avidity as medicine.
JAMES RONALD McNEIL.
That James Ronald McNeil of Glace Bay, Cape Breton County,
has tried to do his work honestly and well is indicated by the fact
that he is now a collier manager of the No. 1 1 Mine. Such positions
are not entrusted to careless, disloyal or inefficient employees.
Mr. McNeil was born in Benacadie, Nova Scotia, November 4,
1878. He is a son of Ronald and Sarah McNeil of Benacadie, Cape
Breton County. Malcolm McNeil, the grandfather, lived at Barney's
Rivfr, Pictou County; and James McNeil, the maternal grandfather,
livei in Cape Breton County. Malcolm McNeil married Catherine
McDonald, a daughter of Major General McDonald, who came to
Halifax at an early date and later retired and removed to Bartibogue
River, near Chatham, New Brunswick, where he received a grant of
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 189
land, and there he erected a commodious residence in which he spent
the rest of his life. Grandfather McNeil followed lumbering. He
was at Miramichi at the time of the big fire in 1825. He was in
control of the lumbering business conducted by the Cunards at that
point. He lived to the unusual age of one hundred and two years.
He spent the latter years of his life at Benacadie, Cape Breton
County, where the father of our subject is still residing, now en-
gaged in farming.
James R. McNeil was the oldest of three children. After his
school days he started driving a horse at the Caledonia Mine at
Glace Bay, later became a miner, and in 1906 he was made under-
ground foreman Dominion at No. i Mine, and in 1909 was promoted
to underground manager, and in 1913 he was made manager of No.
ii Colliery, which position he still holds. He is regarded as one of
the most efficient and trustworthy employees of the company and
has always done his work in a conscientious manner.
Mr. McNeil was married in 1907 to Mary Ann Farrell of Bena-
cadie, Nova Scotia. She is a daughter of Hugh Farrell and wife.
To this union three children have been born, namely: Sadie, Mary
and Catherine.
Fraternally, Mr. McNeil is a member of the Knights of Colum-
bus. He was reared in the Catholic church from which faith he
has not departed.
REV. JAMES MCGREGOR.
Perhaps no one man did more to establish the Presbyterian
church in Nova Scotia than Rev. James McGregor of Pictou, who
was also a great friend of education. He was a man of decided
scholarship and marked ability, who was firmly convinced that edu-
cation necessarily went hand in hand with morality and civilization.
He was known to all as a man of rare natural ability, and he had
enjoyed the benefits of a thorough college training, and was an excel-
lent scholar. He was the first minister in Pictou County, and from
the beginning of his work he made the establishment of schools and
the education of the people second only to the preaching of the
Gospel.
Dr. McGregor was born in Perthshire, Scotland, in 1759, and there
he spent his earlier years. He arrived in Nova Scotia July n, 1786,
when he was twenty-seven years of age. He received a college edu-
cation in his native land and had some experience in ministerial work
IQO HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
in Scotland. He was not only a good scholar but a thorough theo-
logian. His knowledge of Gaelic was accurate and his mastery of
the language complete, as may be seen from his "Gaelic Poems and
Hymns," which are still in demand among Highlanders. He landed
in Halifax after a voyage of thirty-seven days and at once proceeded
to Pictou, where he arrived July 21, 1786. His first sermon was
preached in Squire Patterson's barn about a mile west of the pres-
ent town. He preached in the forenoon from the text, "This is a
faithful saying, and worthy of all acceptation, that Christ Jesus
came into the world to save sinners," and in Gaelic in the afternoon
on "The Son of Man is come to seek and to save them which was
lost." The second Sabbath after his arrival, July 3Oth, he preached
at the East River, a little below what was afterward Albion Mines.
The third Sabbath preaching took place at the lower end of Middle
River, at what was then Alexander Eraser's homestead. Early in
October he visited the upper settlement of the East River. During
the summer he preached in the open air and in the winter in private
dwellings. For nine years he was the sole minister in Pictou Coun-
ty, preaching, visiting, traveling on snowshoes in winter and in
summer often by canoe. His congregation was widely scattered,
and his mission quite extensive.
Dr. McGregor, as moderator, with two assistants, formed the
first session in Pictou, September 17, 1786, thus completing the
organization of the congregation which at that time composed the
whole county. He built a brick residence, the first in the eastern
part of the Province, at what is now Plymouth, and here he lived
until near the close of his life. The fact that he received no salary
until he had been over a year at work did not prevent him from doing
his whole duty as a minister. On July 7, 1795, with two assistants,
Revs. Duncan Ross and John Brown, who arrived from Scotland
in that year, our subject organized a Presbytery, known as "The
Associate Presbytery of Nova Scotia." He and Mr. Ross were
associate ministers for the county until July 14, 1801, when a divi-
sion was made, Dr. McGregor taking charge of the East River con-
gregation. For forty-four years he labored faithfully in Pictou
County. He lived to see the congregation of which he was original-
ly the sole pastor, grow and develop into six congregations with set-
tled pastors, a Presbytery and a Synod organized to conduct the busi-
ness of the church, an academy and seminary founded to educate and
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. I 191
train ministers, and the cause of Presbyterianism firmly established
in the Maritime Provinces.
Dr. McGregor was twice married, first to Ann McKay, a daugh-
ter of Roderick McKay, and to this union the following children
were born: James, Christina who became the wife of Abrain Pat-
terson, Roderick, Jessie who married Charles Fraser, Sarah who
became Mrs. George McKenzie, and Robert. In 1812 he married as
his second wife Mrs. Gordon, widow of Rev. Peter Gordon, by whom
the following children were born : Mary who married Rev. John
Cameron, Annabel who became the wife of Rev. John Campbell, and
Peter Gordon.
The death of Dr. McGregor occurred on March 3, 1830.
MICHAEL ALEXANDER McIXXIS.
When a man becomes a manager in any great industrial concern
we at once know that he has been a faithful, honest and efficient em-
ployee, for corporations arid big concerns do not risk their capital or
property in the hands of crooks or incompetents. Therefore when we
learn that Michael Alexander Mclnnis of Dominion is a district
superintendent in the employ of the great Dominion Coal Company
we conclude that he is worthy of our respect and consideration.
Mr. Mclnnis was born November 3, 1873 at Glace Bay, Nova
Scotia, and he is a son of Alec and Mary (McDonald) Mclnnis, the
father a native of Grand X T arrows, Nova Scotia, and the mother
was born at Boisdale, Cape Breton County. John Mclnnis, the
grandfather, was a native of Scotland, from which country he came
to Cape Breton County in early life and settled at Grand Narrows.
He hewed out a farm from the virgin forest there and became well
established through his industry, and lived to an advanced age. The
father of our subject has devoted his life to mining and is still em-
ployed by the Dominion Coal Company.
Michael A. Mclnnis is the eldest of a family of nine children.
He spent his boyhod in Port Morien, then Cow Bay, going to school
in his early boyhood, but left the school room when twelve years of
age and went to work in the Gowery Mine, where he remained eight
years underground. In 1893 ne became an employee of the Domin-
ion Coa_l Company which advanced him to the position of general
store keeper at Glace Bay, which position he held until 1901 when
he went to the mines' office of this company, in which he worked as
a clerk until in August, 1904 when he was appointed manager of
, HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
No. 3 Mine. In March, 1911 he was promoted to the position of
superintendent of District No. i, with headquarters at Dominion.
Regretting his limited schooling, he sought to make up for this loss
by as much home study as possible and in later years he attended
night school, conducted by the government, and was graduated in
mining and mining engineering from the International Correspond-
ence School. He is still pursuing his studies. He has given his
firm entire satisfaction in all the positions he has been intrusted with,
and he is an example of what a young man can do toward advancing
himself in the world if he has the perserverance and right idea of
life and its responsibilities.
Mr. Mclnnis was married in September, 1895, to Sarah Pender-
gast of Port Morien, Cape Breton County. She is a daughter of
Thomas Pendergast.
To our subject and wife eight children have been born, named
as follows: Susan is a graduate of St. Vincent's at Rockingham;
Mary is also a graduate of that institution; Joseph, Katherine,
Dorothy, Sarah, Anastacia and Blanche are all in school.
Politically, Mr. Mclnnis is a Liberal. He belongs to the Knights
of Columbus and a number of local clubs.
ALEXANDER McEACHERN.
As district manager of the Dominion Coal Company at New
'Waterford, Cape Breton County, Alexander McEachern is perform-
ing his duties in an able and highly acceptable manner, for at the
outset of his career he wisely decided that it were always best to do
well whatever was worth doing at all, and this has been his aim
ever since.
Mr. McEachern was born at Boulardarie Island, Cape Breton,
in 1869. He is a son of John McEachern, also a native of that
place, and a grandson of Alexander McEachern, a native of Mull,
Scotland, who came to Nova Scotia when a boy with his elder broth-
er, locating in Boulardarie Island and there began farming which he
continued until 1874, when he removed to Sydney Mines, later locat-
ed at Reserve Mines, where he worked at mining in various mines
until his death at the age of sixty-two years. His family consisted
of eight children, of whom Alexander of this review was the second
in order of birth.
Our subject is an excellent example of a self-made man. He had
little opportunity to secure an education, for at the early age of eight
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 193
years he began earning money as a "trapper" in a coal mine, and a
few years later began working in the mines, but being ambitious to
get a start he made rapid progress in the short shifts he got in school.
At the age of twenty-three he was promoted to the position of over-
man at the International Mine, and later he engaged as manager at
Bridgeport for a year, then returned to the International Mine as
underground manager, which position he held until 1899, when he
was appointed manager of No. 3, also No. 4, while in course of con-
struction. There he remained for alxmt two years, then was made
manager of No. 2 and No. 9, which position he held four years. He
then became manager of the International Mine. He was next made
manager of No. 5 and No. 10, then was promoted to district super-
intendent, for the territory comprising the New Waterford District.
having five mines under his managerement. This responsible posi-
tion he still holds, the duties of which he is discharging in a satisfac-
tory manner. . He is well versed in all phases of the work under His
direction and, being trustworthy and faithful has won and retained
the confidence of his employers and is well liked by the men under
him.
Mr. McEachern was married September 4, 1884, to Margaret Jane
White of Morien, Cape Breton. To this union the following chil-
dren have been born: Mary Margaret is the wife of James L. McKin-
non, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this work; Dora Eliza-
beth is the wife of William D. Haley; Charles is attending school;
three died in infancy.
Fraternally, Mr. McEachern is a member of the Knights of
Columbus and the Catholic Mutual Benefit Association.
Our subject has educated himself, finding time to study at home,
taking also the International Correspondence course, completing both
the English and mining courses. During a period of seven years he
served as instructor for the Provincial Government Mining Night
Schools at Bridgeport and Reserve. He has become a well informed
man through his own efforts.
JAMES LEO McKINNON.
Although yet a young man James Leo McKinnon of New Water-
ford, Cape Breton County, has risen to the position of stipendiary
magistrate. He did not attain it without effort, without prepara-
tion, for such places are not as a rule turned over to men who are
(13)
194 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
incompetent, and to become competent, one must not only labor long
and earnestly in the right direction, but one must be honest and con-
scientious.
Air. McKinnon was born in Schenacadie, Cape Breton, January
15, 1882. He is a son of John and Mary (McMillan) McKin-
non, the father a native of the same vicinity in which our subject
was born, and the mother was a native of Red Islands, Richmond
County. Michael McKennon, the paternal grandfather, was born at
Barra, Scotland, from which country he came to Nova Scotia when
a young man, locating at Shenacadie, and there he underwent all the
trying experiences incident to pioneer life. He died at the age of
seventy-five years. The father of our subject took up a seafaring
life and became a master mariner. For years he sailed his own ves-
sel and was in comamnd of a ship at the time of his death at the age
of sixty years, November 28, 1896. In his earlier years he was
engaged in deep water saliing. At the time of his .marriage he
bought a coasting vessel and traded between Halifax and Cape Bre-
ton, Newfoundland and other places. His family consisted of elev-
en children, four of whom are living at this writing, the subject of
this sketch having been the eighth in order of birth.
James L. McKinnon spent his boyhood and school days in his
native village. In 1898 he started to work for the Intercolonial
Railroad Company on construction work, being but a boy at that
time. A year later he took a man's place which he retained two
years. After being on construction work for two years he took
charge of the feeding of two hundred men on the D. C. R. and con-
tinued at that two years. In 1907 he engaged with McNeil Brothers
at Grand Narrows, Cape Breton, with whom he remained two years,
then removed to Glace Bay and started a store which he conducted
eighteen months with fair success, then sold out and opened a gro-
cery store and provision business, which he conducted two years with
satisfactory results. At the time of the strike he sold out and ac-
cepted a position with the Dominion Coal Company as clerk. A year
later he came to New Waterford and became foreman at No. 14
Colliery, which position he held until 1914, when he opened a real
estate and insurance business, in which he was successful from the
start. On October 13, 1915, he was appointed stipendiary magis-
trate and town clerk for the town of New Waterford and these posi-
tions he is holding at the present time, giving his usual faithful and
high-grade service.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 1 95
He is a member of the Catholic Mutual Benefit Association, and
is president of the same at New Waterford. Politically, he is a
Liberal.
Mr. McKinnon was married June 26, 1912, to Mary McEachern,
a daughter of Alexander McEachern, superintendent of mines for
the district of New Waterford. Two children have been born to
our subject and wife, John Joseph Cornelius McKinnon and Alex-
ander McEachern McKinnon.
ALEXANDER McDONALD.
The architect of his own fortunes is Alexander McDonald, dis-
trict superintendent of Mine Caledonia in Cape Breton County, who
has been true and loyal in all the relations of life and who stands
as a type of that sterling manhood which ever commands respect
and honor.
Mr. McDonald was born at Sydney Mines, Cape Breton, in July,
1861. He is a son of Ewen and Annie McDonald, the former a
native of Scotland and the mother of Cape Breton. She was a
daughter of Allan McDonald, for many years the postmaster at
Catalone, and she was the first white child of Scotch stock born out-
side of Sydney on the Mira Road. He with his family moved from
North Yist, Scotland in 1828. John McDonald, the grandfather,
removed with his family from Scotland about 1828 and settled at
French Road outside of Louisburg, remaining there a short time,
then located in Sydney Mines, where he spent his declining years,
dying at an advanced age. The father of our subject learned the
blacksmith's trade when a young man and later engaged in mining,
and in 1876 he removed to Victoria Mines, near Waterford, where
he continued mining two years, then moved to Morien, then to Cow
Bay, where he worked until he was injured in the mines after which
he took up gardening. His death occurred in 1895 at the advanced
age of eighty-two years. He made his home during the latter part
of his life at Caldonia, Glace Bay. His family consisted of four
sons and two daughters, of which number the subject of this sketch
was the third in order of birth.
Alexander McDonald continued to reside under his parental roof-
tree through his boyhood years. He had little opportunity to obtain
an education, for he began his career as miner at the tender age of
ten years, working on the surface, doing various kinds of work
around the mines. In 1890 he became overman with Archibald &
196 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Company at Gowrie Mine, where he continued until January, 1894,
then became underground manager for the Dominion Coal Company,
which was organized in 1893, an< i which took over the mine. He
continued there until the mine was closed in the fall of 1897. He
was transferred in the spring of 1898, to Resen No. 5 as coal inspec-
tor when he was appointed overman at the Cledonia Mine, January,
1899, continuing in this position until June 16, 1899, when a fire
broke out in the mine, eleven men losing their lives, among which
number was the underground manager (Mr. T. Johnson). Mr.
McDonald was appointed his successor. He at once began reopen-
ing the mine and continued as underground manager until the fall
of 1901, when he wa.> appointed manager of Xo. 8 mine. A few
months later, in February, 1902, he became manager of the Caledonia
Mine, continuing as such until 1910 when he was appointed district
superintendent, his district including Nos. 4, 6, 21, and 22 Colleries.
In all these responsible positions he has given high-grade service, and
has managed the affairs of his employers in an eminently satisfac-
tory manner. He understands every phase of the mining business,
and is deserving of a great deal of credit for what he has accom-
plished unaided and in the face of obstacles.
Fraternally, he is a member of the Masonic Blue Lodge, and he
has been a past master ; he also belongs to the L. of .L.
JOHN CHARLES MORRISON, M. D.
The name of Dr. John Charles Morrison, of New Waterford,
Nova Scotia, will be held in lasting honor as one of the able physi-
cians who has given loyal service in behalf of suffering humanity in
South Cape Breton. Those who know him best are unstinted in
their praise of his genial disposition and his ability as a physician.
The large success which has crowned his life work, coupled with his
ripe experience and kind heart, has enabled him to bring comfort,
hope and confidence to the sick room, and he has brought sunshine
into many a home.
Dr. Morrison was born in Englishtown, Victoria County, Nova
Scotia, August 15, 1875. He ls a son f Neal and Margaret Morri-
son. The father was born in Scotland, in 1828, and the mother was
born in New Harris, Nova Scotia, in 1838. The father came to
Canada when young and established his home in Nova Scotia.
Dr. Morrison received his education in the Halifax high school,
and Dalhousie University, from which he was graduated in 1903,
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 197
from the medical department, receiving the degree of Doctor of
Medicine. In 1906 he took a post-graduate course in London and
Edinburgh. He became colliery physician for the Dominion Coal
Company at New Waterford in 1908, and has been on the staff of
the New Waterford General Hospital since it was opened in 1913.
He has long been well established in the practice of his profession in
New Waterford.
Dr. Morrison was married on August 19, 1909, to Maisie Thomp-
son Duff, a daughter of William and Mary (Thompson) Duff, of
Carbonear, Newfoundland. To this union two children have been
born, namely : Frederic Charles, now six years old ; and Neal Alistair,
one year old.
Politically, our subject is a Liberal, and he is president of the
New Waterford Liberal Club. Religiously, be is a member of the
Presbyterian church, in which he is an elder and is active in church
affairs. Fraternally, he belongs to the Masonic Order, the Inde-
pendent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias ; also belongs
to the Canadian Medical Association and the British Medical Asso-
ciation.
MICHAEL McINTOSH.
One of the efficient and trustworthy managers for the Dominion
Coal Company's interests in Cape Breton County is Michael Mcln-
tosh of New Waterford, a man who has risen to the position he now
holds through merit alone and not by the influence of friends or
through any accident.
Mr. Mclntosh is a descendant of a pioneer family, and was born
at Margaree, Inverness County, Nova Scotia, June 26, 1868. He is
a son of John and Ellen (Coady) Mclntosh, the father was born in
Manchester, England. A history of the Coady family will be found
on another page of this work. Grandfather Mclntosh was a soldier
in the British army, in which he had a commission. One of his
brothers was a colonel. After his retirement from the army he came
to Nova Scotia, locating at Halifax, and there he spent the rest of
his life, dying in that city. His son, John Mclntosh, father of our
subject, went to Margaree, Cape Breton County, after leaving Hali-
fax. There he engaged in business, also farming and for a number
of -years was a magistrate, and was noted for his soundness of judg-
ment. He was a man of influence in his community. He lived to
be eighty-four years of age. His family consisted of eleven chil-
198 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
dren, of which Michael Mclntosh of this sketch was the ninth in
order of birth.
Our subject removed to the mines in 1873, beginning to work in
the mines at the age of thirteen, continuing digging coal about thir-
teen years. He then went to work for the Dominion Coal Company
at Caledonia, and worked as clerk for the firm for three years, then
went back to the mines and spent four years more digging coal,
then took charge of No. 3 store, which he managed three years. He
then returned to mining, which he continued two years, after which
he went to work as an overman at the Reserve Mine, under Manager
Alex. McEachern, continuing three years, when he was appointed
underground manager in the same mine, and six months later he was
promoted to manager at Bridgeport under Mr. McEachern as super-
intendent, and he held this position until 1912. In May of that
year he was transferred to No. 15 Colliery, and in October, 1914,
was again transferred to No. 16 Colliery, which position he still
holds. He has always done his work faithfully and well and stands
high in the estimation of the company.
Mr. Mclntosh was married in September, 1894, to Margaret Far-
rell, a daughter of Capt. James Farrell, who was a master mariner.
To this union the following children have been born : Nellie is now
employed in the office of the Dominion Coal Company's store; Julia
is attending school ; Alice is also in school ; Mary and Margaret are
twins ; John J., Carmella and Katheline.
HENRY CHARLES VERNER LEVATTE.
A man who has won success in life through persistent, straight-
forward methods is Henry Charles Verner Levatte, notary public and
insurance agent of Louisburg, Nova Scotia. He was born at Main-
a-dieu, Cape Breton, August 4, 1858, and is a son of Martin and
Barbara (Dillon) Levatte, a highly respected family of that place.
Our subject received his education in the public schools of his native
county, and when a boy he began learning the blacksmith's trade, in
1870, but not finding the work congenial abandoned the same and
in 1872 began clerking in a general store with W. H. McAlpine, of
Louisburg. He was appointed the American consular agent at Louis-
burg, in October, 1898. Elected county councillor of the Louisburg
district in 1886.. He held the same position in the Main-a-Dieu
district from 1892 to 1895, and for the Louisburg district from 1896
to date, re-elected at each succeeding election. He was elected war-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 199
den of the municipality of Cape Breton territory in 1899, 1902, 1905,
1908, 1911 and 1914. In all these positions of public trust he dis-
charged his duties in an able, faithful and highly satisfactory man-
ner. He was appointed to the Legislative Council of Nova Scotia
in March, 1912.
Mr. Levatte was married in 1893 to Sarah Mercy Mann, a
daughter of Enos Mann, of Louisburg.
Politically, our subject is a Liberal; religiously, an Anglican; and
fraternally, he belongs to the Ancient Free and Accepted Masons.
WILLIAM J. HINCHEY.
While transmitting to future generations the chronicle of such
a life as that of William J. Hinchey, well known and successful mer-
chant of New Waterford, Cape Breton County, it is with the hope
of instilling into the minds of those who come after the important
lesson that honor and station are sure rewards of individual exertion.
Mr. Hinchey was born at Northern Bay, Newfoundland, Sep-
tember 10, 1882. He is a son of Patrick Hinchey, also born at that
place. Morgan Hinchey, the grandfather, was born in Ireland, from
which country he came to Newfoundland in an early day and located
at Northern Bay where he followed fishing and farming. The fath-
er of our subject grew to manhood in that vicinity and he followed
the sea for a livelihood, becoming a master mariner, and he is still
living at Northern Bay, Newfoundland. His family consists of
seven children of whom the subject of this sketch is the eldest. The
father made it a point to give his children proper educational advan-
tages.
William J. Hinchey grew up in his native community and there
attended the public schools, after which he engaged in fishing for
one year, then came to Nova Scotia, landing in North Sydney, but
only spent a week there, going to Sydney. A week later we find
him in Reserve Mines and there he became a clerk in the warehouse
of the Dominion Coal Company, but later went to work in the mines.
During these years he gave all his spare time to study, going to night
school, and in this manner he completed a course in mining in the
International Correspondence schools. After five years at Reserve
Mines he went to Dominion and took charge of a machine which he
operated for five years, during which period he took interests in vari-
ous business ventures in which he was successful, and while in
Dominion he was a director in the Workmans Store Company, Ltd.,
200 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
managed by Alexander McMullen. In 1908 when the present town
of New Waterford was started, he engaged in the real estate busi-
ness, also opened a small grocery store, with a partner, who died in
1911, just as they had completed the present store, seventy by thirty
feet, three stories high. Our subject purchased the interest in the
store which his partner had held, and has since conducted the store
alone. He has been very successful and has built up a large and
rapidly-growing trade through his industry and honesty. In 1914
he opened a branch store at No. 17, New Victoria, which was a suc-
cessful venture. His annual business now amounts to one hundred
and twenty-five thousand dollars. This is a most commmendable
record for so young a man, who started in life on his own resources
and continued without assistance from any one. He has valuable
real estate holdings in New Waterford and other places.
Mr. Hinchey was married June 4, 1907, to Clara Petrie, of New
Victoria. She is a daughter of M. J. Petrie, of New Victoria. Four
children have been born to our subject and wife, namely: Patrick,
Michael Joseph, Theresa, and John.
Politically, Mr. Hinchey is a Liberal. Fraternally, he belongs to
the Catholic Mutual Benefit Association.
ANGUS RONALD McDONALD.
As manager of No. 12 Colliery of the Dominion Coal Company
at Glace Bay, Angus Ronald McDonald is doing his work in a faith-
ful and able manner. He has always been an advocate of right liv-
ing not only in private but in business and public life as well, and he
is recognized as an upright citizen, square in his dealings with his
fellow men.
Mr. McDonald was born in Mira, Cape Breton County, in Decem-
ber, 1866. He is a son of Ronald and Sarah (McPherson) McDon-
ald, the father a native of Scotland and the mother of Cape Breton
County, Nova Scotia. Archibald McDonald, the grandfather, was a
native of northwestern Scotland, from which country he immigrated
to Nova Scotia with his family, locating at Mira, where he started a
farm in the wilderness, undergoing the hardships of the usual pioneer
life. The father of our subject grew up on the original homestead
on which he continued to reside, he being the only son. There were
three daughters. He engaged in farming there until late in life when
he removed to Glace Bay, where he still resides, being now in his
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 2OI
ninetieth year and is enjoying good health and is very active. His
family consists of eight sons and one daughter, Angus R. of this
sketch, being the third in order of birth.
Our subject spent his boyhood on the home farm and attended
the district schools. When seventeen years old he secured employ-
ment with Dr. Hugh McLeod, working for him one year, when he
went to work in the Reserve Mines, in which he remained two years,
then went to Old Victoria and worked in the mines there until they
were closed down by the Dominion Coal Company. He then worked
in the Sydney Mines for about seven months, then went to Fernice,
British Columbia, remaining in that province two years. Then re-
turned to Nova Scotia and went to work at No. 3, Glace Bay, where
Alex McEachern was in charge, remaining there alxnit three years,
then moved with the manager to Xo. 2 where he acted as under-
ground manager, and was employed in Nos. 2 and 9, these mines
practically adjoining each other. He continued his work there alxnit
four years, then took the contract to sink the slopes at Xo. 6, when
that mine was started, working there two years, then the company
sent him back to No. 3 as underground manager. After spending
one year there he was transferred to No. 6 in the same position.
Owing to an accident by which he had his leg broken, and about the
time he was pronounced well his son was killed in the same mine,
the company transferred him to No. 12, just then being opened. He
took charge of the same as underground manager and remained there
in this capacity several years. In 1910 he was made manager of
this mine, which position he still holds, discharging his duties with
his accustomed ability and fidelity.
Mr. McDonald was married in 1887 to Sarah McDonald of Syd-
ney Mines. She is a daughter of John McDonald, a miner of that
place.
The following children have been born to our subject and wife:
Charles, who was killed in Mine No. 6 by a runaway box in the
slope, was twenty years of age; Mary Margaret is the wife of Peter
Stubbart, chief clerk at Mine No. 14; Ronald, who resides in New
Waterford, married Christina White, is now machine repairer at
Mine No. 14; Christina is a private nurse; John died when eighteen
years of age; Lena May is at home; Neil died in January, 1915,
when eleven years of age ; Charlotte is at home.
Fraternally, Mr. McDonald belongs to the Independent Order of
Odd Fellows, and the Masonic Blue Lodge.
2O2 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
ZACHARIAH W. TOWNSEND.
One of the pioneer families of Louisburg, Cape Breton County,
is the Townsends, one of the best known members of which is Zach-
ariah W. Townsend, who, although past his three score and ten, is
still actively engaged in mercantile pursuits and is a man who takes
an interest in the general development of his locality, as did his
father and grandfather before him. He was born in the above
named town and county on May i, 1839, and is a son of Thomas and
Patience (Martell) Townsend, the father also a native of Louisburg,
and the mother was born at Mira, Cape Breton. Thomas W. Town-
send, the granfather, was also born at Louisburg, Nova Scotia, his
parents having been among the earliest settlers there. His father
was a British officer and fought under General Wolfe, assisting him
in the capture of Louisburg and was in high command with him at
the taking of Oueljec. For his services he received a large grant of
land in the vicinity of the town of Louisburg. Portions of the orig-
inal grant have been sold from time to time, yet a large amount of the
original grant is still in the possesion of his descendants. The
Townsends have engaged, for the most part, in seafaring and fishing.
The father of the subject of this sketch was a master mariner and he
also devoted many years to the fishing business.
Zachariah \Y. Townsend grew to manhood in his home town and
he received his education in private schools, then entered Mount
Allison College at Sackville, New Brunswick, and for some time
was under the tutilage of the author of this history. He was a
student at that institution two years when the college burned, in
1866. Immediately thereafter he returned home and engaged in
teaching, one year at Gabarouse, another at Louisburg and the follow-
ing year at Sydney. He then returned to Louisburg and started the
present business,' and he has been successfully engaged as a merchant
here ever since, or for a period of over forty years. He has built
up a large trade by his good management and honest dealings. He
is now assisted by his sons. In connection with a general mercantile
business they engage in buying, curing and exporting fish.
Mr. Townsend was married December 25, 1865, to Susannah
Bagnall, of Gabarouse, Cape Breton, and to this union the following
children have been born : Howard is now a Methodist clergyman at
Hampton, Nova Scotia ; Fletcher and Wesley are in business with
their father; Emeline is at home; three children died in early life.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 203
Our subjct and his family have been devoted Methodists and lib-
eral supporters of the church. Mr. and Mrs. Townsend have been
communicants from early childhood. The new church, which was
completed in the autumn of 1915, would be a credit to any town.
The land on which it was built was donated by our subject and wife,
and each member of the family gave liberally to its erection. The
cornerstone bears the inscription, "Laid by Z. W. Townsend, October
14, 1914," the same being a block of red sandstone and brought from
France to be used expressly for this purpose.
REV. MARTIN JOSEPH WALLACE.
When a young man in this material age decides to devote his life
to unselfish service to his fellow men, with no hope of either fame
or wealth only the satisfaction of knowing that he is following in
the footsteps of the Man of Galilee, he should be given much credit
by us of other walks of life. Martin Joseph Wallace is such a man,
and he is doing a commendable work in his parish at Louisburg, Cape
Breton County.
He was born at Chatham, New Brunswick, September 6, 1881,
and is a son of John and Catherine (McDonagh) Wallace. The
father was born at Northumberland, New Brunswick, and the moth-
er was a native of Cork, Ireland. John Wallace, the paternal
grandfather was born in Tipperary, Ireland, and there he grew up,
married and had a family of six children before he immigrated tu
Canada. After locating in New Brunswick two other children were
born. He cleared raw land, which he developed into a farm at Bar-
tebog, Northumberland County, and there spent the rest of his life,
dying at the age of eighty-three years. There the father of our
subject grew up, assisted with the work on the homestead, and at-
tended the public schools. Later he located in Chatham and was
employed in the lumber mills. His death occurred in 1901 at the
age of sixty-five years. His family consisted of sixteen children,
nine of whom are still living. Edward P. Wallace, an elder brother
of our subject, entered the church and was ordained at Montreal,
and he has been located at Campbellton, New Brunswick, for the
past twenty years. Simon S. Wallace, a younger brother, also
entered the ministry, was ordained at Watertown, New York, and
is still located in that city. He studied in Rome, Italy.
Martin Joseph Wallace received his education in the schools of
Chatham, New Brunswick, then taught school for four years, after
2O4 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
which he entered St. Francis Xavier College at Antigonish, Nova
Scotia, where he received his degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1906,
and in 1907 the same institution conferred upon him the degree of
Master of Arts. He became proficient in Greek, completing a two
years' course in one year, and during this time he taught twenty-two
hours each week, seven of which were devoted to Greek. In 1907
he went to Montreal where he entered the Grand Seminary. He was
ordained in 1910. and soon thereafter became assistant to Father D.
M. McAdam, at Sydney, Nova Scotia, continuing there until Janu-
ary 12, 1913, when he was made pastor of St. Richard's Church at
Louisburg, Cape Breton County. He is still in charge of the parish
there and is doing a very commendable work. He has improved the
church property besides paying off a debt. Since August 16, 1914,
lie has been saying mass at the Barracks at West Louisburg for the
soldiers stationed there. This is the first time mass has been said
at that place, since the garrison was removed in 1759.
The Wallace family seems to have taken naturally to education.
Besides the brothers mentioned in a preceding paragraph, Peter J.
Wallace, another of our subject's brothers, who was graduated from
Dalhousie University, Halifax, is now practicing medicine at Tabu-
cintac. New Brunswick. John Wallace, the eldest brother, is pro-
prietor of the Wallace College at Quebec, Canada. Two other broth-
ers are engaged in manufacturing in the mechanical department of
the Canadian Government Railways. The two sisters are both
married.
JOSEPH MACDONALD.
One of the well-established barristers of North Sydney, Nova
Scaia, is Joseph MacDonald. He was born at Sydney Mines, Cape
Breton County, in January, 1863. He is a son of Michael and Cath-
erine MacDonald, both born in Southwest Scotland. The father's
death occurred in 1910 at the advanced age of ninety- four years.
John MacDonald, the grandfather, and Alexander MacDonald, ma-
ternal grandfather, were also both natives of Southwest Scotland.
The paternal grandfather immigrated to Nova Scotia in 1823, and a
few years later the maternal grandfather came to this Province. The
former located at Long Island, Boisdale, and the latter settled at East
Bay. Both were pioneers and established their homes in the virgin
forest and reared large families there.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
205
Joseph MacDonald was third in a family of six children. After
finishing public school, he went to Ottawa College where he took an
arts course, then entered the law department of Dalhousie Univer-
sity at Halifax, from which institution he was graduated in 1891,
and was admitted to the bar in 1892. He immediately began the
practice of his profession at North Sydney, where he has remained
to the present time.
Mr. MacDonald was married in 1893 to Teresa M. MacDonald,
a daughter of Ronald MacDonald, for many years collector of cus-
toms at Sydney. This union has resulted in the birth of eight chil-
dren, named as follows: Alice H. is a graduate of St. Vincent's at
Rockingham, Nova Scotia; Catherine C. is attending school; Tere-
sa M., Ronald J., Charles F. H., John M., Alexander Robert, and
Flora M.
Mr. MacDonald is a Liberal-Conservative in politics. He was
appointed censor at North Sydney when the European war began.
and on September 28, 1914, was transferred as chief censor at Mar-
coni Tower, Louisburg.
BARCLAY WEBSTER.
There always will be controversies among the people. Men will
not understand or view things alike. Disputes will grow up as to
the rights of persons and of property, and whose settlement is of
great consequence in every community. These must be settled by
the lawyers, or as a last resort, the courts. This is most frequently
accomplished by lawyers, without law-suits. Consequently there
were lawyers since the early ages of civilization and there always
will be until the millenium. One of the workers in this field of
endeavor in Nova Scotia is Barclay Webster, of Kentville.
He is a scion of an old famliy, and was born in the above named
town and Province, September 16, 1849. He is a son of Henry
Bentley Webster, whose death occurred on January 3. 1879, at the
age of sixty-seven years. His mother was Mary Ina Barclay of
Shelburne County, Nova Scotia. The father was a native of Kings
County, where his father, Dr. Isaac Webster, settled in an early day,
having come from Mansfield, Connecticut, when a young man, being
a United Empire Loyalist. He settled at Kentville, married Pru-
dence Bentley, of Cornwallis, and practiced his profession in Kings
County until his death in 1853, at the advanced age of eighty-six
years. One of his sons, William B. Webster, was graduated from
2O6 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Edinburgh University, took up his father's practice here and lived
to be about sixty years old. Another son, Frederick Webster, was
also a graduate of Edinburg University and became a successful
physician in Yarmouth, Xova Scotia. Conrad Ogilvie Hall Web-
ster, a dentist of Yarmouth, is the son of John L. R. Webster, a
physician, who married Helen O. Geddes, December i, 1859, a
daughter of Thomas O. Geddes, M. D., and a grandson of Dr. Fred-
erick A. Webster, who married Margaret Me Naught of Edinburgh,
April 26. 1834. Dr. Isaac Webster, the great grandfather, married
on October 30, 1794, Prudence Bentley. His father, Moses Web-
ster, died at Hillsdale, Xe\v York, January 28, 1815, when seventy-
one years old. Xoah Webster, the great-great-great-grandfather
married Catherine Xewcomb, and his father, George Webster, mar-
ried Sarah Bliss. Thomas Webster, father of George Webster,
married Abigail Alexander, June 16, 1633. She was a daughter of
George Alexander of Xorthampton, Massachusetts. Thomas Web-
ster, who died in 1686. was the son of John Webster, the fifth gov-
ernor of Connecticut and the progenitor of the Websters of Corn-
wallis and Yarmouth, Xova Scotia. He settled in Connecticut in
1636, and was one of the most prominent men in that region during
the first years of its settlement. He was a magistrate from 1639 to
1655, was deputy governor in 1655 and governor in 1656. His
death occurred April 5, 1661. He married Agnes (surname not
known now ) probably in England, and to their union six children
were born, Thomas Webster being the second in order of birth.
Abraham Webster, a son of X'oah Webster, was one of the original
grantees of the township of Cornwallis, Nova Scotia, July 21, 1761,
and he sent back to Connecticut for bis wife and son Abraham Web-
ster. Xoah Webster, founder of the famous Webster's Dictionary;
also Daniel Webster, the great orator and statesmen, were of the
same stock as the family of the subject of this review.
Henry Bentley Webster, father of the immediate subject of this
sketch, studied law and practiced with success at Kentville, where
he was regarded as a good and useful citizen. He was active in the
work of the Presbyterian church. His family consisted of ten chil-
dren, namely: Ina K. is the wife of A. A. DeWolf of Kentville;
Alice E., who lives in California, is a deconess in Mission work; Bar-
clay of this sketch; Minnie who married Rev. Joseph Hogg, D.D.,
of Winnipeg, is deceased as is also her husband; Henry B. Webster,
M. D., lives in Kentville; Edith who married J. W. Pitfield, who was
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 2O7
for some time connected with the government railroad, is deceased
as is also her husband; Annie M. is the widow of Dr. James Colman
at Granville Ferry; Lillian, deceased, was the wife of James Thomp-
son of Halifax; Fannie C. is the wife of W. H. Chase of Wolfville;
Arthur Douglas Webster, M. D., who was graduated from Edin-
burgh University, took up the practice of medicine in Edinburgh,
Scotland, after finishing school and there he has since remained.
Barclay Webster received his elementary education in private
schools, then attended Acadia College at Wolfville, after which he
entered Dalhousie University, then began studying law in his fath-
er's office in Kentville, attended Harvard University, then was admit-
ted to the bar in 18/2, after which he took up his father's practice in
his home city and has since been successfully engaged in the same,
long occupying a position in the front rank of his professional breth-
ren in this part of the Province. He was made a King's counsel in
the year 1890. He has served a term in the Provincial Legislature.
In June, 1877, ne was ""'ted in marriage with Ethel Chipman of
Kentville. a daughter of the late L. 1). B. Chipman, a lieutenant-
colonel in the Nova Scotia Militia.
Beverley Leverett Webster, son of our subject, was born Septem-
ber 15, 1879. and was educated at Horton Bay school, and Brad-
ford's School in Annapolis, then attended the military school at Fred-
ericton, New Brunwick, from which he was graduated. At the out-
break of the Boer war he applied for a commission and was made
a first lieutenant of the Fourth King's Own Regiment, Royal Lan-
icasters, the same as General Laurie served in the Crimea; he served
eighteen months in Africa in the Vrybed district most of the time,
and was in a number of engagements. He was invalidated home
and died of fever at one of Lady Dudley's Nursery Homes in Lon-
don. His fellow officers were much grieved at his death, which
occurred in 1902, at the age of twenty-two years. He was a Mason.
a member of the Blue Lodge.
Dr. Henry Bently Webster, M. D., was born in Kentville, April
7, 1852, and he received his elementary education in private schools
and in Horton Academy, then attended Dalhousie University, then
McGill University, Montreal, later the College of Physicians and
Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, in 1872. Later he
took a post-graduate course in Edinburgh University. He has been
practicing his profession in Kentville ever since leaving school and
208 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
enjoys a large and lucrative practice, ranking among the leading phy-
sicians and surgeons of Kings County.
Dr. Webster was married in September, 1878, to Emma DeWolf,
a representative of the famous DeWolf family. Her death occurred
in February, 1910. To the Doctor and wife the following children
were born : Lilly is the wife of A. E. Chesley of the Dominion At-
lantic Railroad; Nora is the wife of Allan McDonald, C. E., of
Scotland.
Dr. Webster is a member of the Dominion Medical Association
of which he is vice-president; also a member of the Nova Scotia
Medical Association of which he was formerly vice-president ; also
belongs to the Annapolis Valley Medical Society. He has taken an
active interest in public affairs, and he served as mayor of Kentville
several terms, during which he did much for the upbuilding of the
town. He is a Mason, a member of the Blue Lodge, and a Scottish
Rite, in which he is a past master. He entered the Militia depart-
ment in 1883, in which he remained until 1911, when he retired as
lieutenant-colonel. He received the long service medal.
REV. GEORGE BARTON CUTTEN, D. D., PH. D., LL. D.
The biographies of successful and useful men are instructive as
guides and incentives to those whose careers are yet to be achieved.
The examples they furnish of patient purpose and consecutive
endeavor strongly illustrate what is in the power of each to accom-
plish, if he is willing to press forward in the face of all opposition,
refusing to be downed by untoward circumstances, thus making
stepping-stones of what some would find to be insurmountable
stumbling-blocks. The gentleman whose life history is here set
forth is a conspicuous example of one who has lived to good purpose
and achieved a definite degree of success in the special spheres to
which his energies and talents have been devoted.
Rev. George Barton Cutten, educator, author, preacher and lec-
turer of renown, was born at Amherst, Nova Scotia, April 11, 1874,
and is the son of William Freeman and Abbie Ann (Trefry) Cut-
ten, one of the old and highly respected families of Amherst. He
received his education in the public schools and Acadia University,
Wolfville, from which institution he was graduated in 1896 with the
degree of Bachelor of Arts, and the following year the degree of
Master of Arts was conferred upon him, and also in 1897 Yale Uni-
versity, New Haven, Connecticut, gave him the degree of Bachelor
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 2OO,
of Arts, and in 1902, the same institution made him a Doctor of
Philosophy, and a Bachelor of Divinity in 1903. He received the
honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity from Colgate University, in
1911, and the degree of Doctor of Laws from Acadia University in
1915. He was ordained in 1897. He was pastor of the Union Bap-
tist church at Montowese in 1897 and 1898, then became pastor of
the Howard Avenue Baptist church, New Haven, from 1898 to
1904, then was pastor of the First Baptist Church at Corning, New
York, from 1904 to 1907, and from 1907 to 1910 was pastor of the
First Baptist church at Columbus, Ohio. Since then he has been
president and professor of psychology at Acadia University, Wolf-
ville, Nova Scotia. As a minister he did a most commendable work
in the various congregations which he served, winning a great repu-
tation as an earnest, learned and eloquent pulpit orator, but his work
as an educator has been equally as brilliant, and he has maintained
the high standard of the work at Acadia, keeping fully abreast of
the times in every respect.
He is versatile and entertaining as well as a convincing writer.
Among the more notable products of his pen may be mentioned the
following: "The Case of John Kinsel," (which appeared in the
Psychology Rcviezv, in 1903), "The Christian Life" (pamphlet),
"The Psychology of Alcoholism" (1907), "Psychological Phenom-
ena of Christianity" (1908), "Three Thousand Years of Mental
Healing" (1910), and various magazine and review articles. He
was a noted football player when in college. He has traveled exten-
sively.
Dr. Cutten was married in July, 1898, to Minnie Warren Brown,
of Westfield, Massachusetts. She is a lady of culture and educa-
tion, having been graduated from Acadia University in 1896 with
the degree of Bachelor of Arts.
REV. D. M. GILLIES, D. D.
There are people in all walks of life who become so deeply en-
grossed with their chosen life work as to neglect many of the things
that make living worth while. They are never known to commune
with nature, books lie about them unopened and the word recreation
seems to have dropped from their category. Rev. D. M. Gillies, well
known Presbyterian minister of Glace Bay, Cape Breton, is one of
the citizens of Nova Scotia who has taken the pains to make himself
(14)
2IO HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
a symmetrically well developed man, neglecting none of the higher
ideals. His example is worthy of emulation.
Dr. Gillies was born at Whycocomagh, Inverness County, Nova
Scotia, June 12, 1863. He is a son of Neil and Catherine (McMil-
lan) Gillies. The father was born in South Side Whycocomagh, in
1835, and the mother was born at Lake Ainslie, Cape Breton, in
1840. The paternal grandfather was a native of Tiree, Scotland,
whose parents had migrated from Mull to that Island. He married
Mary Gillies, a native of Glasgow, and they immigrated to America
in 1825. The maternal grandparents immigrated from the Island of
Muck, Scotland, to America, and settled at Lake Ainslie, Cape Bre-
ton. Rev. D. McMillan, a maternal uncle, was for many years pas-
tor of the Presbyterian church at Sydney Mines.
Dr. Gillies received his education in the public schools at Why-
cocomagh, the Normal School at Truro, the Pictou Academy, the
Manitoba College, and the San Francisco Theological Seminary, in
California. He was for some time pastor of the First Presbyterian
church at Ukiah, Mendocino county, California. Returning to Nova
J ' o
Scotia he became pastor of St. Phillips church at Westville, where
lie remained until in November. 1903, when he was called to St.
Paul's Presbyterian church, Glace Bay, and he has remained here to
the present time. He is not only regarded as a pulpit orator of abil-
ity, but is also a good pastor and popular with his congregation. He
is profoundly versed in the Scriptures and lucid and forceful in their
interpretation.
In September. 1892, he was united in marriage with Belle Urqu-
hart, a native of St. Peter's, Richmond County, Nova Scotia, and a
daughter of William and Barbara (McKenzie) Urquhart, of Sea-
view, Richmond County. To this union the following children were
born: Emma C. is the eldest; Christine Barbara is the wife of A. G.
Johnson, of Quincy, Masaschusetts ; Francis Edward Clarke is
deceased. The wife and mother was called to her eternal rest, Sep-
tember 5, 1909, and on September 6, 1911, Dr. Gillies married Mary
Lee Manson, of North Lochaber, Antigonish County, a daughter
of Alexander Manson, postmaster at that place. The mother of
Mrs. Gillies was known in her maidenhood at Catherine Cameron,
and was a native of Barney's River, Pictou County.
Mr. Gillies is an independent voter. Fraternally, he belongs to
the Masonic Order, the Royal Arch Chapter; also the Independent
Order of Odd Fellows. He was twice chaplain of Pyrian Youth
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 211
Lodge Masonic, Glace Bay, 1915, 1916. He visited six years ago
the Presbyterian Grand Assembly of the Church of Scotland, the
United Free church and the Free Church of Scotland, all in Edin-
burgh, and the General Assembly of the Presbyterian church in Ire-
land, in Belfort. Also the Annual Conference in Temple London,
of the Congregationalists of England and Wales. Visited Paris,
Ostencl, Dusseldorf, Berlin, Munich and other European cities.
He witnessed the famous Passion Play at Oberammergau, in 1905,
and gave many lectures on it.
The present Mrs. Gillies was superintendent of Harbour View
Hospital, Sydney Mines, just before her marriage.
ALLAN R. MAcISAAC.
To make a success in the field of insurance nowadays requires
tact, perseverance, close application and a good personal address.
Then, too, one must be honest so that the public will rely on him
and trust him. That Allan R. Maclsaac of Sydney, Nova Scotia, is
the possessor of these commendable attributes is attested to by those
who have had dealings with him.
He was born at East Bay, Cape Breton County, August i, 1856.
He is a son of Roderick and Alary (McDougall) Maclsaac, both
natives of the same town and county in which our subject was born.
There they grew up, attended school, were married and established
the future home of the family. The death of the father occurred in
1880 at the age of sixty-three years, and the mother passed away
in 1906 at the advanced age of eighty-nine years. Donald Maclsaac,
the paternal grandfather, was a native of Scotland, from which
country he came to Prince Edward Island when a young man and
after 'remaining there a short time located at East Bay, Cape Breton
County, taking a grant of land comprising four hundred acres. He
subsequently divided this land among his four sons, which they
cleared of the virgin forest and put out to cultivation, all becoming
successful farmers, the soil being rich and productive. Several of
the farms are now owned by descendants of the original settler.
To Roderick Maclsaac and wife nine children were born, six sons
and three daughters, of whom Allan R. of this sketch was the fifth
in order of birth. Six of the children survive at this writing. Our
subject grew to manhood on the home farm where he assisted with
the general work during crop seasons, and in the winter time he
attended the public schools in his neighborhood, later studied at St.
212 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Francis Xavier College. After three years in that institution he
engaged in teaching, which vocation he continued successfully for a
period of ten years, then took up railroad work, securing a position
as station agent at Sydney, where he remained two years, when he
resigned to take up the insurance business, which he has continued
to the present time, with gratifying results all the while. He joined
the Confederation Life Association, and has been district manager
for this company since 1910, performing his duties in a manner that
has been eminently satisfactory to his employers and remunerative
to himself. Perhaps none of his compeers in the insurance business
in the Province gets more business than he in a territory of equal
extent and importance.
Mr. Maclsaac has taken a deep interest in temperance work for a
number of years. Politically, he is a Conservative. He belongs to
the Catholic church. He is ever a student and is a man of education.
THOMAS PENNINGTON CALKIN.
While splendid success has come to Thomas Pennington Calkin,
one of the enterprising merchants of Kentville, Kings County, he
has ever been actuated by the spirit of Lincoln in his sentiment:
"There is something better than making a living making a life."
So while he has worked to advance his individual interests and that
of his family, he has never neglected his duties as a citizen.
Mr. Calkin was born in Kentville, Nova Scotia, July 14, 1860.
He is a son of Benjamin Howes Calkin, a native of Wellsford, Kings
County, and Mary Pennington, who was born in Whitehaven, Eng-
land. The grandfather was Elias Calkin, who was one of the pion-
eer farmers in the vicinity of Wellsford, this Province, where he
lived to a ripe old age. He was the father of Dr. John B. Calkin.
When a young man Banjamin H. Calkin, the father, came to Kent-
ville and began clerking in the general store of Daniel Moore, but
remained with him only a short time, when he began business for
himself, which he conducted successfully until his retirement from
active life in 1883, spending the rest of his days quietly, dying at
the age of seventy-four years. He was a man of influence in his
town and vicinity, and served as justice of the peace, took an active
part in the Court of Sessions, and after the county incorporation act
became a law he was elected a councillor and served in that capa-
city two years. His family consisted of seven children, of whom
the subject of this sketch was the eldest.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 213
Thomas P. Calkin grew to manhood in his native town and there
attended the public schools, also the grammar school at Truro, then
Pictou Academy for two years, after which he engaged in the busi-
ness with his father, and when the elder Calkin retired in 1883 he
took over the business, in the present location, and here he has re-
mained to the present time, erecting the present substantial building
in 1914, a concrete and brick structure, fifty by seventy-five feet, at
the corner of Webster and Cornwallis streets. The front which is
over one hundred feet is plate glass. When Mr. Calkin took over
his father's business he confined himself to the hardware line, and
now has the largest and best stocked hardware store in Kings Coun-
ty, and has built up a large and growing trade which extends all over
the county, and western portion of the Province.
Mr. Calkin was married November 26, 1890 to Agnes Dogherty,
of Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. She is a daughter of Ma-
been born : Roy, who is now assisting his father in the store ; Dar-
rell and Garth are both in school.
Politically, Mr. Calkin is a Conservative. He has served in the
town council, and took a leading part in getting the town incorpo-
rated. He is president of the Board of Trade.
WILLIAM WELSFORD PINEO.
To the honest, pushing, hard-working and enterprising farmers is
due the propserity, wealth and advancement of any community, and
to their zeal, energy and integrity will the future prosperity of our
country be indebted in a very large 'degree, as it has been in the past.
Among the progressive farmers and fruit growers of Nova Scotia is
William W. Pineo, of Waterville, Kings County.
Mr. Pineo was born in Pineo Village (now Waterville), Nova
Scotia, in September, 1858. He is a son of Henry and Hannah
Elizabeth (Kinsman) Pineo, the latter a daughter of Deacon Theo-
doric Kinsman, who was long a prominent worker in the Baptist
church. The father was a native of the vicinity of Waterville as was
also the grandfather, William Pineo, married Harriet Shaw, who
was born at Granville, Nova Scotia, and was of United Empire Loy-
alist stock. Peter Pineo, the great grandfather, was one of the first
settlers of Kings county, in which his son William, mentioned above,
was born. The family is of French descent, several brothers of this
name having left France at the time of the religious persecutions
and political troubles, one of whom settled in New England and the
214 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
other in Nova Scotia. They had been men of prominence in the old
country. Our subject's grandfather was keeper of a public house
and stage station for several years, and he also engaged in farming,
owning two thousand acres of farm land. He was commissioned
as first lieutenant in the First Regiment of Kings county, his com-
mission dating June 10, 1793, and was signed by Governor Went-
worth. He was also a justice of the peace and was prominent in
his community. He finally divided his property between his sons,
and the father of our subject got the portion on which our subject
was reared. The father also became an influential man in his com-
munity, and was a justice of the peace for some time, and took an
active interest in public affairs. He was a Conservative until the
confederation when he joined the Liberals. His death occurred at
the age of sixty-five years. He engaged extensively in fruit grow-
ing, and was the first man in the vicinity of West Cornwallis to
ship apples to the London market. He was a successful business
man in addition to his farming. His family consisted of four chil-
dren, our subject being the eldest.
William W. Pineo continued on his father's farm until the lat-
ter's death in 1883, when he became owner of the original home-
stead, which he has ably managed and kept well improved. In
addition he owns some land which formerly belonged to his uncles,
his total acreage being twelve hundred, one hundred and seventy-
five of which is in orchard, which receives his close attention and
furnishes no small portion of his annual income, in fact, he is re-
garded as one of the best informed and successful horticulturists in
Kings County. He usually keeps from seventy-five to one hundred
head of horned cattle, and from fifty to one hundred hogs, and owns
thoroughbred sires. He has his own cooperage, and turns out as
high as fifty thousand barrels in a season.
Mr. Pineo was married in October, 1884, to Laura Hoyt, of St.
John, New Brunswick, a daughter of Neil Hoyt. To this union the
following children have been born : Maud, Kathleen and Muriel and
all at home; and Lieut. H. H. Pineo.
Lieutenant Pineo was born in 1891 at Waterville and there he
was reared and received his early education, later taking an Arts
course in Acadia College, then entered Dalhousie University, Hali-
fax, and was graduated from the law department of that institu-
tion in 1912. Soon thereafter he began the practice of his profes-
sion at Amherst, this Province, where he was succeeding admirably.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 215
Upon the outbreak of the great European war in 1914, he offered
his services the day Great Britain declared war. He had entered
the militia in 1905, when only fourteen years of age, as sergeant,
and when sixteen took a course at Ouel>ec and received a commis-
sion at the time of the coronation of King George, and he was pres-
ent at that event, as a lieutenant of cavalry, being the youngest
officer from Canada to attend that function. This was previous to
his graduation at Wolfville, and he was one of the twelve selected as
a guard of honor to the King. He received his commission as lieu-
tenant in the Kings County Hussars, and drilled at Yal Carder and
was sent across with the Sixth Mounted Rifles, under Col. Ryan,
and he is now in the trenches, (January, 1916). He is a fine ath-
lete, and while in school was captain of the Acadia football team,
also of the football team at Dalhousie University.
During the summer of 1915 one man from each regiment at
Napier Barracks, England, was selected for a staff course to qualify
for the rank of major, and Lieutenant Pineo was the only officer
from the Maritime Provinces selected, and he was graduated with
the highest mark of the forty-seven men who took the examination.
He is a young man of brilliant intellect and also of splendid physique
six feet and one inch in height, and weighs nearly two hundred
pounds. The Pineos have been noted for their large stature. Our
subject is exceptionally tall and his father, Henry Pineo weighed
over three hundred pounds.
GEORGE ERASTUS DE WITT, M. D.
One of the conscientious and widely known general physicians
of Nova Scotia who has in every way deserved his success is Dr.
George Erastus De Witt, formerly of Halifax, but now of Wolf-
ville. He was born at Bridgetown, Annapolis County, this Pro-
vince, October 15, 1842. He is a son of Jacob and Caroline Eliza
(Pineo) DeWitt, the father a native of Bridgetown and the mother
of Canning, Nova Scotia. The ancestors on the father's side were
Dutch and settled in New York. The great grandfather was a
Loyalist, and he came to Annapolis Royal, Nova Sciotia, after the
American Revolution, between 1876 and 1884, receiving a grant of
land at Bridgetown, Annapolis County, which extended from the
Annapolis River to the Bay of Fundy. There he carved out a good
farm from the wilds and established the future home of the family,
members of which have been well and favorably known there for
2l6 HISTORY OF NOVA_ SCOTIA.
several generations. George Erastus Pineo, the Doctor's maternal
grandfather, was of French descent, and he made his home at Can-
ning, Kings County.
Dr. De Witt received his early education at Bridgetown, then
Dalhousie Medical College, 1869 and 1870 entered Harvard Univer-
sity, Cambridge, Massachusetts, from which he was graduated (the
medical department) in 1872. Returning to Nova Scotia he began
practicing his profession in Chester, where he remained until 1886,
when, seeking a larger field for his work, he located in Halifax and
enjoyed a good practice there, where he took an active part in public
health, was a member of the Board of Health and for a time assist-
ant city medical officer until 1892, when he came to Wolfville, where
he has remained in the practice to the present time, his name becom-
ing a household word to this locality, and he has had good success
all along the line.
Dr. De Witt was married July 7, 1873, to Henrietta M. Chip-
man, a daughter of William and Lurana (Woodbury) Chipman of
Middleton, Nova Scotia. To this union three children were born
Stanley Chipman, Carrie Irene, and Harold E. The Doctor was
married a second time, in Halifax, on October 20, 1880, to Annie
Maria Brown, a daughter of Charles Edward Brown of that city,
whose wife was Maria Connell, of Woodstock, New Brunswick. To
the Doctor and his last wife the following children were born: Ed-
ward Connell Avery, George Erastus Herman, Nellie Anderson,
Arthur Welsford, Mary Marguerite and Kathleen Louise.
Politically, Dr. De Witt is a Liberal-Conservative. He served as
registrar of deeds for the District of Chester from 1878 to 1886.
He was mayor of Wolfville three years, and also served as medical
health officer for the town of Wolfville for ten years. Religiously,
he is a Baptist and has belonged to the churches of these denomina-
tions at Bridgetown, Chester, Halifax and Wolfville. Fraternally, he
belongs to St. George's Lodge No. 22, Free and Accepted Masons.
He is a member of the Canadian Medical Association, the Canadian
Public Health Association, the Canadian Forestry Association, the
Canadian Association for the Prevention of Tuberculosis, the Nova
Scotia Medical Society of which he was at one time president; the
Valley Medical Society, of which he was the first president. Dr.
De Witt is one of the pioneers in the campaign against tuberculosis
in the maritime provinces and has always kept in close touch with
the modern conquests, of medicine, and has been a constant attendant
of and contributor to the chief medical societies of the Dominion.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 21 J
MALCOLM R. ELLIOTT, M. D.
One of the younger generation of physicians of Kings County
who has made an auspicious start in his career is Dr. Malcolm R.
Elliott of Wolfville. He was born at Clarence, Annapolis County,
Nova Scotia, February 14, 1884. He is a son of Leonard and
Clara M. (Freeman) Elliott, the former a native of Clarence, Xova
Scotia, and the latter a native of Milton. Queens County, this Prov-
ince. Joseph Elliott, the grandfather, \vas also born in the town of
Clarence, where his parents settled in pioneer days. His wife, Sarah
Leonard, was born at Paradise, this Province. Samuel Elliott, the
great grandfather, was born at Clarence, and his wife. Priscilla
Fellows, was a native of Granville, Xova Scotia. John Elliott, our
subject's great-great-great grandfather was of border Scotch stock.
He came to Xova Scotia, and here received a grant of land in \Yil-
mot Township, which was virgin soil. This he cleared and devel-
oped into a good farm, which his descendants continued to operate.
Our subject's father and uncle now occupy quite a large portion of
this orignial place. The family has been prominent and influential in
the locality of Clarence. Whitman Freeman, the Doctor's maternal
grandfather, who was a land surveyor, surveyed a large portion of
Queens and Shelburne Counties. He was a son of a United Empire
Loyalist.
Leonard Elliott, the Doctor's father, is still actively engaged in
general farming. He has long been deeply interested in public mat-
ters and has taken an active and influential part in temperance work.
He is a staunch Liberal-Conservative. His family consists of five
children, of whom our subject was the third in order of birth.
Joseph, the eldest son is now on the home farm ; Cora is a mission-
ary in India; Evangeline is engaged in teaching; and Priscilla, the
youngest, is at home with her parents.
Dr. Malcolm R. Elliott grew to manhood on the farm and he
received his early education in the public schools of his native vicin-
ity. He engaged in teaching for three years ; later entered Acadia
University at Wolfville, where he took his Arts degree; then en-
tered the medical department of Harvard University, where he made
a good record and from which institution he was graduated with
the class of 1912, receiving the degree of Doctor of Medicine. He
then spent fourteen months in hospital practice at Xewton, Massa-
chusetts. Thus well prepared for his life work he came to W r olf-
2l8 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
ville, Nova Scotia, where he began the practice, which has now
grown to very satisfactory proportions.
Dr. Elliott was married September 23, 1914, to Jean Steadman
Haley of Yarmouth, Nova Scotia. She is a daughter of Henry
Haley, now a resident of St. Stephen, New Brunswick. Mrs. El-
liott received excellent educational advantages. After passing through
the public schools she entered Acadia University at Wolf ville, from
which institution she was graduated in due course of time, later
graduating from Simmons College at Boston, Massachusetts.
Fraternally, Dr. Elliott belongs to the Masonic Blue Lodge, and
he and his wife are members of the Baptist church.
BRIEF HISTORY OF LYON'S BROOK.
Lyon's Brook is located three miles from Pictou. It was named
for Rev. James Lyon and from a brook which flows through the
village, the waters of which have long been used to supply local
tanneries. Its valley was densely wooded and inhabited by Indians
and wild animals when the first white settlers came to its banks.
They were from Philadelphia, and came in the ship Hope, landing
at Pictou Harbour, June 10, 1767. Other settlers came from Scot-
land in 1773 in the ship Hector. These pioneers cleared away the
forests and made new homes, cultivating the rich land, and in due
course of time this became one of the thriving farming communi-
ties of the Province.
The first religious services were held in the barn of a Mr. Pat-
terson, which stood on the property now owned by Robert Fullerton.
For many years Edward Fretrie conducted the Three Mile Inn here.
The first shop owned by a Mr. Henderson, was built on the site of
the Douglas Logan warehouse. Mr. Fretrie also owned a shop at
the end of the Scotch Hill road. Charles Logan operated a can-
nery, later conducted a store; both were burned in 1875. The first
saw mill in Pictou County was located at Lyon's Brook, in 1769.
It was built by William Kennedy of Truro. The McKenzie stone
quarry was started about 1818, and was bought by the American
Company about 1852. It continued to be worked until 1870. In
following years stone was obtained here for the Local House in
Halifax, also the Local House at Charlottetown, Prince Edward
Island. John Patterson built the first town gut bridge in 1800 and
in the same year the first saw mill bridge was built, and about the
same time the West River road was constructed, being the first road
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 2Ip
in Pictou County. Dr. Anderson was the first practicing physician
in Lyon's Brook. James Hislop now lives in the house he resided in
while here. The first house was built by a Mr. Fullerton and is now
owned by James Dunlop. The first Sunday school held in Pictou
County, if not in the Province, was held in Lyon's P>rook about the
year 1775, by James Davidson, of Edinburgh, Scotland. He was
also the first day school teacher here, holding school in a building
where the McKean carriage and blacksmith shop now stands. The
Rev. James Lyon was the second Sunday school teacher in this vi-
cinity. A Mr. DeWolf built the first tannery in Lyon's Brook on
the site of the present tannery owned by Robert Macdonald. A Mr.
Wright established a tannery here in 1834 and John and Jean Fuller-
ton succeeded DeWolf in this business, upon the latter's death in
1833. In 1843 four ships were begun on what was known as Pat-
terson's Point, and one vessel a year was turned out until 1847. The
remains of this old ship-yard may still be seen. The builder was
Alexander Brown. In 1843 a dancing school was taught here by
Charles Arbuckle. John Logan started a tannery in 1848. It grew
to be one of the most important tanneries in the Province and did
a large business, and is still operated, about eighty thousand hides
being shipped annually to all parts of the Dominion. It is operated
by the Logan Tannery Company. A. C. McDonald was manager
for many years.
In 1864 the Society of the Sons of Temperance was started in
Lyon's Brook. It is still in operation. Various small vessels have
been built here from time to time and carriages have long been
manufactured here. The first post office was started in 1888. Dougal
Logan being the post master and he continued as such for many
years. About 1888 the Short Line Railroad was built through this
vicinity. Various stores were started about this period, in fact, the
village has been an important trading center for this section of Pic-
tou County for over a century. Various lodges were started here
from fifteen to forty years or more ago and have been well attended.
John Macdonald built the present station house in 1888. Various
parties have operated blacksmith shops and shoe shops during the
major portion of the life of the village. One of the earliest business
houses was a tailor shop, built in 1813 by William Fraser. It was
located where the Henderson house stood, opposite the Logan Tan-
nery. Rev. James Lyon occupied a house situated where stands the
present school building. Among others who built homes here in
22O HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
pioneer days may be mentioned Jack Davis, a Mr. Kitchen, a Mr.
Wade, a Mr. Jollomer and John Chisholm, who operated a black-
smith shop back in the sixties. The town has always been a good
place in which to live.
THE MOST REV. CLARENDON LAMB WORRELL.
The name of The Most Rev. Clarendon Lamb Worrell, the learned
Archbishop of the Anglican church, needs no introduction to the
people of Nova Scotia, where he has resided for many years and
labored for the ameloriation of all classes, upholding the right as
he has seen and understood the right in all the relations of life. He
is a scion of one of the sterling old families of eastern Canada, and
man}- uf the strong characteristics of his progenitors seem to have
outcropped in him, and he has been most vigilant in keeping untar-
nished the bright escutcheon of the family name, the Worrells hav-
ing always been noted for their honesty, industry and readiness to
assist in the general upbuilding of the communities in which they
have selected as their homes. He is one of the noted churchmen
of Canada.
Archbishop Worrell was born at Smith's Falls, Ontario, July 20,
1853. and is the second son of Rev. Canon J. B. Worrell, M. A.,
for many years rector at Oakville. Ontario. The mother of our
subject was Elizabeth Lamb before her marriage. At the date of this
sketch Cannon Worrell is still living and at the age of ninety-five,
is hale and hearty. Archbishop Worrell was educated in Trinity
College School at Port Hope, where he won the Chancellor's prize
'as head boy, and Trinity University, Toronto, being the first Foun-
dation scholar as head of his year, also the first Wellington scholar
in 1871 and 1872. He received the degree of Bachelor of Arts from
that institution, and was a Prince of Wales prize man in 1873; he
received the degree of Master of Arts in 1884, Doctor of Common
Law in 1902; and Kings College University, gave him the hon-
orary degree of Doctor of Divinity in 1905. Bishops College, Len-
noxville, conferred the degree of Doctor of Divinity in 1913.
In the year 1877 he was united in marriage to Charlotte Ward,
a daughter of the late Surg. -Major General T. W. Ward, F. R. C.
S., Inspector-General of Hospitals at Bombay, India. She was a
life member of the General Board of Missions of the Anglican
church, president of the Woman's Auxiliary of the Anglican Dio-
cese of Nova Scotia, and filled the same position in a similar organi-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 221
zation for the Church of England Institute of Nova Scotia. Mrs.
Worrell died August 23, 1915.
Archbishop Worrell was ordained deacon in 1881, and priest in
1884. He was curate of Christ church at Gananoque, Ontario, in
1881, then was assistant of Holy Trinity at Brockville and principal
of the Brockville Collegiate Institute from 1882 to 1884. He was
rector at Williamsburg, Ontario from 1882 to 1886, and rector of
St. James' at Morrisburg, Ontario, from 1886, to 1891, rector of
St. Mark's, Barriefield, Ontario, from 1891 to 1903; then became
rector of St. Luke's at Kingston, Ontario, in 1903 and 1904. He
was professor of English literature in the Royal Military College at
Kingston from 1891 to 1904. He was examining chaplain to the
Bishop of Ontario from 1896 to 1904. He was archdeacon of On-
tario in 1901. He was a member of the Corporation of Trinity
University, Toronto, 1897 to T 94- He is visitor of King's College
and chairman of the Board of Governors. He is chairman of Lec-
tionary Committee for Prayer Book Review, general squad. He
was consecrated Bishop of Nova Scotia, October 18, 1904, and was
nominated to the Bishopric of Algoma by the House of Bishops, in
1897. He was the layman's candidate for the Bishopric of Ontario
in 190x3. But as the clergy were evenly divided between him and
Professor Roper (now Bishop of Ottawa) a compromise was neces-
sary and Bishop Walls was elected.
He was Grand Chaplain of the Grand Lodge of Canada, Anck-nt
Free and Accepted Masons in 1886-7. He was a delegate to the
Pan-Anglican Congress in London, England, in 1908. He was pre-
sented to the late King Edward and Queen Alexandra at Bucking-
ham Palace, in 1908. He was president of the Anglican Church
Congress in Halifax, in 1910. He completed and opened a new
cathedral in Halifax in 1910. He has been president of the Lord's
Day Alliance of Nova Scotia, and of the Moral and Social Reform
Council of Nova Scotia. He was prolocutor of the Provincial Synod
of Canada, in 1904. He was elected vice-president of the University
fo Toronto Alumni Association in 1911. He was also vice-presir-
dent of the local branch of the British Empire League in 1911. He
is a fellow of the Royal Colonial Institute. He is an ardent advo-
cate of religious instruction in public schools as a part of the regu-
lar curriculum. He is a staunch imperalist. He was elected presi-
dent of the Canadian Club of Halifax in the autumn of 1915. The
Montreal Standard has well said of him, "He is a pious and learned
222 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
churchman, a capable organizer and a man of culture and experi-
ence."
In 1915 he was elected Metropolitan of the Ecclesiastical Prov-
ince of Canada and so became Archbishop of Nova Scotia. His
jurisdiction covers the civil Provinces of Quebec, Nova Scotia, New
Brunswick and Prince Edward Island and includes the Dioceses of
Nova Scotia, Fredericton, Quebec and Montreal.
JOHN JOSEPH POWER.
As a lawyer John Joseph Power, M. A., LL. M., D. C. L., Dr.
Jur., K. C., of Halifax, is able, reliable, honest and safe. He
always carefully studies his cases, and is therefore prepared to try
them. He is a cultivated debater, clear and forcible in his logic,
convincing in his argument, and ranks as one of the best of advo-
cates. Courteous to his associates and opponents, he at all times
preserves and maintains the character of a gentleman in his practice.
He is a man of even temper, always dignified in his deportment to the
court, as well as a witness, avoiding as far as possible wounding the
feelings of any one. At the same time he is absolutely fearless in the
discharge of his professional duties and sticks by his case and client
till the "last gun is fired."
Dr. Power was born at Pictou, Nova Scotia, May 2, 1869. He is
of Irish parentage, and is a son of Maurice Power and Catherine
McNamara, his wife, both natives of Ireland, the father of County
Waterford, and the mother of County Tipperary. They spent their
earlier years in the Emerald Isle, from which they immigrated to
Nova Scotia at an early day and established the family home at
Pictou.
John J. spent his boyhood in his native vicinity and received his
education in Pictou Academy and holds degrees from Queen's Uni-
versity, Kingston, Ontario, as Bachelor of Arts with honors in His-
tory and Political Science in 1890 and that of Master of Arts at
the University of Toronto in 1904. He taught as County Academy
headmaster under Grade "A" Academic teachers' license for a
number of years in high school in Nova Scotia in his early man-
hood. He was also graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Laws
in 1891 from the University of Toronto, and took the degree of Mas-
ter of Laws from the same institution in 1913 with first class honors
and the American Law Book Company prize. The degree of Bach-
elor of Civil Law was conferred on him by Kings College Law
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
223
School, St. John, New Brunswick, on examinations in Ancient and
Roman Law in 1897, and Trinity University, Toronto, gave him the
degree of Doctor of Civil Law in 1898 for a thesis and examination
thereon, prescribed by the University and entitled "Actio pcrsonalis
cum persona moritur" and published in the 1899 Canadian Law
Times. For it he was specially recommended for the degree by the
examiners of the late Britton Bath Osier, K. C. and Sir John Bouri-
not who spoke in high terms of the essay. In 1915 he took
the degree of Doctor of Law after studying at Columbia University
Law School, New York. He was admitted to the bar of Nova Scotia
in 1893, ar >d was created a King's Counsel by the government of
Nova Scotia in 1907. He has built up a large practice in Halifax
where he has ranked as one of the leaders of the bar for a number
of years having practiced in the lowest and highest courts in the
Empire from the justices' courts to the Supreme Court of Canada
and Judicial Committee of the Imperial Privy Council. He was for
two successive years vice-president of the Nova Scotia Barristers'
Society, and five years a counsellor of the Nova Scotia Barristers'
Society. Politically, he is a thorogoing Liberal, but independent of
the expedients and discipline of party, a firm upholder of British
connection and an ardent Home Ruler in Irish politics and believes
in complete local autonomy for the British colonies. Religiously, he
is a Roman Catholic. He married in 1895, Charlotte Hennigar of
Hants County.
HON. DAVID MAcKEEX.
One of Nova Scotia's representative and honored citizens is the
Hon. David MacKeen, the present efficient and popular Governor
of this Province, whose activities during a long and successful ca-
reer have been such as seemed to exercise to the full his somewhat
varied and unusual abilities; a life that has carried with it the lesson
that one whose capacity, while not the very greatest, may yet do
great work by close devotion to the specific tasks. He has always
been a busy man, an industrious man, and he has attained a place
of high degree and importance in the Province in which he is a
constant quantity. He is one of the kind that makes up the front
rank, the kind that can be relied on, a good workman in the world's
affairs, a splendid specimen of the many that do the real, useful work
of the world in places of passing importance, and do it well. To
offer in a work of this province an adequate resume of the career
224 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
of this important citizen would be impossible, but, with others of
those who have conserved the civic and commercial progress of Nova
Scotia, we may well note the more salient points that have marked
his life and labors. Governor MacKeen has long been a dominating
power in public utilities as well as extensive private operations of a
varied nature. He has achieved a position not only as one of our
leading legislators but also as one of the substantial men of the Mari-
time Provinces, gaining his success through legitimate and worthy
means, and he stands as a singularly admirable type of the success-
ful self-made man.
Governor MacKeen was born at Mabou, Inverness County, Nova
Scotia, September 20, 1839. He is of Celtic extraction, and a son
of Hon. ^Yilliam MacKeen, who was for some time a member of the
Legislative Council of Xova Scotia and a prominent man in his day
and generation. David MacKeen grew to manhood in his native-
community, and received his early education in the schools of Mabou,
but he has continued a student and has greatly increased his general
learning in later years by wide miscellaneous home reading and study,
until he is today an exceptionally well informed man on a great
variety of topics. When but a boy he entered business life and he
has been long and intimately connected with commercial, banking
and manufacturing life. In his early years he was agent and treas-
urer of the Caledonia Coal & Railroad Company, and later was
general manager of the Dominion Coal & Steel Company, which po-
sition he resigned in 1896. He was also a United States consular
agent, a sub-collector of customs and warden of the County of Cape
Breton, performing his duties in these positions in a faithful and
acceptable manner. He is a director of the Royal Bank of Canada,
the Eastern Trust Company, the Dominion Iron & Steel Company
and director of the Dominion Coal & Steel Company. He is also a
governor of Dalhousie University.
Politically, he is a Conservative and has long been one of the
leaders of his party. He sat for Cape Breton County in the House
of Commons from 1887 to 1896. He was called to the Senate by
Lord Aberdeen, on February 21, 1896, and retained that office for
a period of nearly twenty years, making his influence felt for the
general good. He was appointed Governor of Nova Scotia in Octo-
ber, 1915, and hi is fully meeting the expectations of his friends as
chief executive. He was strongly opposed to the Taft-Fielding reci-
procity agreement, which was voted on in 1911. He is a member of
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HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 225
the Halifax Rideau, Mount Royal and other clubs. The late Rt.
Hon. Sir Charles Tupper said of him : "A man of high intelligence,
probity and honor."
Governor MacKeen has been three times married, first, in 1867,
to Isabel Poole, a daughter of H. Poole, of Derby, England; sec-
ondly, in 1877, to Frances M. Lawson, a daughter of William Law-
son, of Halifax; thirdly, in 1888, to Jane K. Crerar, eldest daughter
of John Crerar, for many years a ship owner of Halifax.
HON. LAWRENCE GEOFFREY POWER.
One of the men who have stamped their strong individuality
upon the minds of the people of Nova Scotia in such a manner as to
render them conspicuous characters of the locality with which this
history deals, is the Hon. Lawrence Geoffrey Power, lawyer and
prominent statesman of Halifax. Faithfulness to duty and a strict
adherence to a fixed purpose, which always do more to advance a
man's interest than wealth or advantageous circumstances, have been
dominating factors in his life, which has been replete with honor
and success worthily attained.
Mr. Power was born in Halifax, August 9, 1841. He is of Irish
descent and a son of the late Patrick Power, for many years a well
known merchant at Halifax, who sat for Halifax County in the
House of Commons, in the Liberal interests, in the early days of
Confederation. The mother of our subject was Ellen Gaul before
her marriage.
Lawrence G. Power grew to manhood in his native city where he
received his early education in St. Mary's College. He later studied
at Carlow College, the Catholic University of Ireland, and Harvard
University, from which last institution he received the degree of
Bachelor of Laws in 1866. Ottawa University conferred on him
the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws in 1901.
In Tune, 1880, he was united in marriage to Susan O'Leary, a
daughter of M. O'Leary, of West Quoddy, Nova Scotia.
Mr. Power was admitted to the bar in 1866, and was successful
in the practice of his profession, and he has been regarded as one of
the leading legal lights of the Province for forty years. He was
clerk assistant and clerk of bills in the House of Assembly from
1867 to 1876. He served as an alderman in Halifax for four years
and was for thirteen years a member of the city school board. He
(IS)
226 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
was called to the senate by the Earl of Dufferin, February 2, 1877.
He was appointed speaker of the senate, January 29, 1901 ; sworn
of the Privy Council, January n. 1905. He is a senator of the
University of Halifax, a director of the School for the Blind, and
of the School for the Deaf and also of the Halifax Visiting Dispen-
sary. He is a vice-president of the Dominion Rifle Association.
He has been a vice-president of the Victoria School of Art and De-
sign. He is president of the Nova Scotia Game Society. He is
author of various contributions to literature, including "Richard
John Uniacke: a Sketch," which was published in 1891, "The Irish
Discover America," read in 1895, and "The Honorable John W.
Ritchie" read in December, 1915: also of a brochure on the Manitoba
school question, published in 1896, and was chairman of the com-
mittee which prepared and reported the existing Manual of Rules and
Regulations of the Senate, published in 1907.
Many years ago he wrote considerably for the newspapers. He
takes a deep interest in the Defence of Canada and has published two
articles on the subject in the Canadian Magazine, the latter as late as
December, 1915.
lie was one of the five members of the senate selected to repre-
sent that body at King George and Queen Mary's coronation, June,
1911. Fie was presented to their majesties at Buckingham Palace,
June 27, 191 1.
PETER F. MARTIN.
The present mayor of the City of Halifax, Peter F. Martin, is
a man who has risen to his commanding nitche in the structure of the
body politic through his individual efforts by laboring faithfully
and persistently along legitimate and time-honored lines for his own
welfare and that of his fellow men ever alert to further in any
way the general public good, and he is therefore eminently deserving
of the success and popularity he has attained.
Mr. Martin was torn in Halifax County January 13, 1855, and is
the son of Francis and Elizabeth (Connors) Martin, both natives
of Halifax County. The father's death occurred in early life, some
fifty years ago, while the mother survived to the advanced age of
eighty-five years, dying in 1915. The paternal grandfather was a
native of Ireland, where his wife, Mary, was also born, and there
they grew up and were married, but soon thereafter immigrated to
Nova Scotia where they established the future home of the family.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 227
The father of our subject engaged in commercial fishing for a
livelihood.
Peter F. Martin received his education in Christian Brothers
School. He began life as a painter and decorator in Halifax and
built up a large business with advancing years, and is still conduct-
ing a large establishment under the firm name of Martin & Moore.
Mr. Martin was married July 4, 1881, to Elizabeth Sullivan, a
daughter of Matthew Sullivan, a native of Ireland, and now de-
ceased. Eight children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Martin,
namely: Balfor Francis, Vivian J., Mary, Melnott P., Rev. Cyril
J., Rev. Ferdinand P., Gerlidean, and John.
Politically, Mr. Martin is a Conservative. He has been an alder-
man of Halifax for the past fifteen years, lie was made mayor
of the city in 1915, the duties of which office he has discharged in
an able and eminently satisfactory manner. He has done much for
the general development and welfare of his home city, whose inter-
ests he has very much at heart. Religiously, he is a Roman Catholic.
He belongs to the Charitable Irish Society, the Knights of Columbus,
the City Club and the Commercial Club.
WILLIAM MACDONALD.
The law is one of the oldest of human institutions and its perfec-
tion has been reached by centuries of study and effort. Our legisla-
tion, national and provincial, is but the embodiment of the experience
and the result of the work of the legal profession for thousands of
years. One of the well-equipped and successful barristers of Pictou
County is William Macdonald of the town of Pictou.
He was born at Ponds, Pictou County, March 9, 1865. He is a
son of Angus and Margaret (McLellan) Macdonald, both parents
natives of that county, the father born at Little Harbour and the
mother at West River. The mother is a cousin of Dr. Robert
McLellan, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this work. The
Macdonalds were of the early Scotch stock. The father of our sub-
ject removed to the town of Pictou in 1865 and engaged in the
grocery business which he continued for a number of years, and later
accepted a position in the customs department, in which he continued
until his death, in 1908, at the age of seventy-seven years. His
family consisted of nine children, five of whom are still living, Will-
iam of this sketch, being-,the second in order of birth.
Our subject was reared in Pictou and there received his early
228 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
education in the public schools and the Pictou Academy from which
he was graduated, then entered Dalhousie University at Halifax. On
the entrance examination he was successful in securing a Monroe
Exhibition, valued at four hundred dollars. This was in the fall of
1884. In 1886 he took a Monroe Bursary of three hundred dollars,
and was graduated from the arts department, with the degree of
Bachelor of Arts in 1888. In the autumn of that year he entered
the law department of that institution and was given the degree of
Bachelor of Laws in 1890. As a law student he was articled to Sir
Robert L. Borden, the present Prime Minister of Canada. After
his graduation he began the practice of his profession at Truro, this
Province, where he remained until 1900 enjoying a good practice.
In that year he removed to Pictou where he has since remained.
Here, too, he has built up a large and lucrative clientage.
Mr. Macdonald was married in November, 1895, to Maggie
Babbin, of Pictou, a daughter of the late Capt. Jeffrey Babbin. To
this union three children have been born, namely : Margaret, May,
and Cecilia, all at home.
Politically, he is a Conservative, and he has long taken an active
part in party affairs, being interested in whatever makes for the
good of the public and the upbuilding of his town and county par-
ticularly.
CHARLES STANLEY MARTIN.
One of the enterprising business men of Sydney, Nova Scotia,
is Charles Stanley' Martin, who was born March 13, 1872, in South
Wales, England. He is a son of Henry William and Anna E.
(Forster) Martin. The father was born in Great Britain in 1845.
Charles S. Martin grew up in England where he received his edu-
cation in the public schools, later attending Athenaeum University,
in Brussels, Belgium. After leaving school he returned to England
and worked in the Hawaatite Steel Company's plant at Barrow-in-
Furness, where he served his apprenticeship. He was superintendent
of the Beswaatte Steel Works from 1890 to 1894, then for over
a year was manager of the Cyfarthfa Steel Works in South Wales.
He went to Hughesoffka, in southern Russia, for the purpose of
erecting and managing the Bessemer Steel Department for the New
Russia Company. He came to Sydney, Nova Scotia, a number of
years ago where he has since made his home, and has an important
position with the Dominion Coal & Steel Company.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 22Q
JOHN URQUHART ROSS.
Observation by a fair minded person invariably leads to the con-
clusion that lawyers, as a class of men, stand as high for right living,
honesty and fair dealing as any other engaged in active business life.
One of the barristers of Pictou County, who has ever enjoyed an
excellent reputation for probity of character, is John Urquhart Ross,
of the town of Pictou, in which place his birth occurred on March
25, 1856. He is a son of Alexander Peter Ross, a native of Halifax,
and Sarah (McKay) Ross, a native of Pictou. John Ross, the grand-
father, was torn in England, from which country he came to Xova
Scotia as paymaster in the British navy, which position he filled until
his retirement. At an early age the father of our subject came to
Pictou Academy as a student of the celebrated Dr. McCulloch, his
classmates being Sir William Young, George R. Young, Sir Hugh
Hoyles and others who became prominent in the affairs of the
Province. The elder Ross studied law in the office of Robie & John-
son and was admitted to the bar, October 22, 1824, his original cer-
tificate being in the possession of his son, our subject. It was signed
by Chief Justice J. J. Blower. Mr. Ross l>egan the practice of law
at Pictou, but remained there only a short time when he retired from
the bar and entered into partnership with the late James Primrose,
under the firm name of Ross & Primrose, doing a general mercantile
and shipping business, continuing a few years when they dissolved
partnership and Mr. Ross conducted the business alone until his death
in 1872. He was not only a successful man of affairs but was a
highly esteemed citizen, and he was offered a seat in the Provincial
Senate by Hon. Joseph Howe, with whom he was on intimate terms,
but he declined the honor. He was a well informed man. He was
one of the founders of the first reading room in Pictou and was one of
the loyal supporters of the Pictou Academy. He was a man of
optimism, and he anticipated the coal and iron industries of that
locality. His wife, mother of our subject, was the daughter of
Roderick McKay, for many years customs officer of Pictou County.
He was a son of Roderick McKay, Sr., an early settler in Pictou
County.
John U. Ross received his elementary education in private schools,
and in 1867 entered the old Pictou Academy, then entered the law
office of John David McLeod, present judge of Probate, and he was
admitted to the bar in 1883. He began the practice of his profes-
230 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
sion in Pictou in 1885. He associated with him as a partner W. E.
Maclellan, now post office inspector of Nova Scotia. The partner-
ship under the style of Ross & Maclellan continued successfully for
about six years when Mr. Maclellan was appointed school inspector
of Pictou County.
Mr. Ross has been very successful as a barrister, enjoying a
large clientage. In 1909 he was appointed a member of the Board
of Public Utilities, of which he was made chairman in 1912, which
position he still holds. He has discharged his duties in this connec-
tion in an able and commendable manner.
Politically, he is a Liberal. He was made King's Counsel on June
21, 1907.
Mr. Ross was twice married ; first, to Anabel McKenzie who died
without issue, and afterwards to Annie Moss, a daughter of William
Moss, of Portage La Prairie, Manitoba. To this union the following
children have been born : Thomas E., Dorothy, John U., Alexander
E., and Phyllis L.
NEIL J. GILLIS.
Neil J. Gillis, of Glace Bay, Cape Breton County, was born at
Jamesville, Victoria County, Capt Breton, in December, 1867. He
is a scion of an old family of the northern part of Nova Scotia, men-
tion of whom will be found on another page of this work.
After his school days Mr. Gillis engaged in clerking in Glace
Bay, and in 1900 he was elected at a bye-election to the Provincial
House, and re-elected at the general election in 1901, and in 1906
was again elected at the general election. He has long been success-
fully engaged in the insurance business at Glace Bay. He has also
held the office of justice of the peace for some time.
Mr. Gillis was married in October, 1891, to Jennie McKinnon, of
Glace Bay, a daughter of Donald McKinnon, representative of an
old Scotch family.
To Mr. and Mrs. Gillis the following children have been born :
John is a mechanical engineer; Mary is the wife of Walter Boudreare,
of Glace Bay ; Annie, Jennie, Hugh and Donald are all attending
school.
Politically, Mr. Gillis is a Liberal. He is secretary of St. Joseph's
Hospital Board. He belongs to the Knights of Columbus, and to
the Catholic Mutual Benefit Association.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 23.!
WILLIAM CAMERON.
It is .men of broad and comprehensive views who give life to
communities men who have foresight and energy, pluck and cour-
age to forward whatever enterprise they are interested in and who
still retain an untarnished reputation through it all. Such a man
is William Cameron, the present county clerk of Pictou County, and
who has long been a resident of the town of Pictou.
Mr. Cameron was born at Sutherlands River, Pictou County,
September 25, 1847, anc l is a son of Alexander and Margaret
(McKay) Cameron, the former a native of Fraser's Mountain, and
the latter of New Glasgow, both of Pictou County. The mother
was a grand daughter of the original Squire McKay. Grandfather
Donald Cameron was a native of Inverness, Scotland, who came to
Nova Scotia in 1801, his eldest son having been born in Scotland.
The family located on a farm at Fraser's Mountain, three miles from
New Glasgow and there became comfortably established through
their industry. There Alexander Cameron, father of our subject,
grew to manhood and received such education as the early-day
schools afforded, and upon reaching his majority bought a farm in
that neighborhood on which he spent the rest of his life. lie was
a deacon in the Kirk at New Glasgow for many years. His death
occurred at the age of eighty. His family consisted of three sons and
five daughters, only one of whom, our subject, now survives.
William Cameron grew up on the home farm where he worked
when a boy and he received his education in the public schools in his
district, then attended the Pictou Academy from which he was gradu-
ated, later entering Dalhousie University, at Halifax, and was
graduated from that institution in 1873. He began his life work
by teaching school at New Glasgow and Bridgewater, Lunenburg
County, and other places, and met with pronounced success as an
educator. In 1887 he was elected by acclamation to the Local House
and was re-elected in 1890, and again in 1894. serving eleven years,
making an excellent record as a public servant, doing much for the
general upbuilding of his town and locality.
During this time he was engaged in farming, and in 1907 he
was elected by the county council as county clerk which position he
has since held, giving entire satisfaction.
Mr. Cameron was married in January, 1882, to Mary Catherine
Dawson, a grand daughter of John Dawson, one of the earliest
merchants in Pictou. John Dawson was a prominent merchant and
232 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
met with a large degree of success. He left a number of daughters
who married in England, the present Baron Law being a descendant.
Another daughter married one of the Kidsons, a member of a promi-
nent family of ship builders and owners.
Two children have been born to William Cameron and wife',
namely : Donald Alexander is engaged in business with headquarters
in New Glasgow; Christiana, deceased, was the wife of Rev. Fred-
erick Paton, missionary to the New Hebrides, where his wife died
in 1914.
Politically, Mr. Cameron is a Conservative. Fraternally, he is
a Free Mason, and a member of the Presbyterian church.
JOHN W. MACKAY.
In the practice of law, John W. Mackay of Pictou, Nova Scotia,
has attained to a laudable position in his profession, and his reputa-
tion for honesty, integrity and fidelity to his clients, and all confi-
dence and trusts committed to him, whether professional or other-
wise, is firmly established.
Mr. Mackay was lx>rn at Earltown, Colchester County, April 13,
1872. He is a son of William J. and Jeanette (Murray) Mackay,
the father a native of Dalhousie, Pictou County, and the mother
was born at Earltown, Colchester County. Alexander Mackay, the
grandfather, was born at Gaulspie, Scotland, from which country
he came to Nova Scotia as a young man and settled at Dalhousie,
Pictou County, where he spent the rest of his life, living to an
advanced age. His family consisted of four daughters and three
sons. The father of our subject received a good education for those
early days and he engaged in teaching for a number of years. He
established his home at Earltown, Colchester County, where he was
finally made justice of the peace, and also had the mail contract
between Pictou and Earltown. He was a faithful public official and
a highly respected citizen. His death occurred in 1877, and his
widow survived until 1914, dying at the advanced age of eighty-
seven years. Their family consisted of five daughters and two sons
of whom the subject of this sketch was fourth in order of birth.
John W. Mackay received his elementary education in the public
schools at Earltown. He then went to West Branch, River John,
where he went into business with his brother, Robert A. Mackay,
and conducted a general store for three years, then entered Pictou
Academy, where he took a course after which he matriculated at
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 233
Dalhousie University, completing the law course, in which he was
graduated in 1897. He was admitted to the bar in due time and
was articled with the late James McG. Stewart. After his license
to practice in 1898 he formed a partnership with C. E. Tanner
and they have since conducted very successfully a general law
practice at Pictou, and they are enjoying a growing business.
Mr. Mackay was married in July, 1903, to Frances Ferguson of
Pictou. She is a daughter of A. A. Ferguson, a sketch of whom will
be found on another page of this work. Two children have been
born to our subject and wife, Dorothy Willmina, and Fergus Stewart
Mackay.
Taking an interest in political affairs, Mr. Mackay has been
entrusted with public positions. He was elected county councillor
in 1898, which position he has held continuously to the present time,
giving entire satisfaction. He represents West Branch, River John.
He has had but one election, the poll then standing fifteen to one
hundred and thirty in his favor. He was warden of the Council of
Pictou County for two years and has done much for the general
welfare of his county. He is now serving as deputy warden. Fra-
ternally, he is a member of the Masonic Order the Blue Lodge. He
is president of the Union of the Nova Scotia Municipalities, which
meets yearly at different places. All incorporated towns and munici-
palities take an active part in the work of this union. Politically,
he is a Conservative.
J. W. CUNNINGHAM.
One of the enterprising business men of New Glasgow of a past
generation was the late J. W. Cunningham, of the firm of J. W.
Cunningham & Son, Limited, manufacturers of coal drills, machines,
tools and mine cars. The business was established in 1902 and it
grew rapidly, finally employing fifty-seven men, and manufactured
a large portion of the mining machinery used in the coal mines of
the Maritime Provinces. The plant is well located, and is equipped
with the latest and most approved machinery.
Upon the death of Mr. Cunningham of this review, his son
James Thomas Cunningham, became manager of the business which
he has since carried forward successfully. An extensive market
has been secured in western Canada, the firm having well-established
connections at Vancouver and other western points, also has a ware-
house and office at Lethbridge. The business was incorporated in
234 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
1913. The son is a member of the town council of New Glasgow,
also commissioner, and a member of the school board. He is a
Liberal-Conservative, and belongs to the Presbyterian church.
DUNCAN H. MAcKAY.
During his residence of a half century, or all his life, in Cape
Breton, Duncan H. MacKay of Glace Bay has figured as one of our
most enterprising dealers in live stock and farmers' products. He has
been by no means an idle spectator to the growth of the county in
various industries until it today ranks among the best in the Province
in wealth and importance. He is a man of progressive ideas and
has done much to encourage better methods of agriculture and a
better grade of cattle in Cape Breton.
He was born at Lake Ainslie, Cape Breton County, in October,
1865. He is a son of Lachlaw and Mary (McMillan) MacKay, both
natives of the same place in which our subject was born, and there
they grew to maturity, attended school and were married. James
MacKay, the grandfather, was born on the Isle of Mug, Scotland,
from which county he came to Nova Scotia, settling at Lake Ainslie
about the year 1826. He got a grant of land from the Crown, which
land he helped redeem from the forest. He died as the result of an
accident when about fifty years of age. His family consisted of
five children, of whom Lachlaw MacKay, father of our subject, was
the youngest. He grew up on the home farm and received one-half
of the same. The second brother, Hector, went to New Zeland
during the gold excitement of the fifties, and there he remained,
but kept up a correspondence with the family in Nova Scotia until
his death in 1914 at an advanced age. He reared a large family,
and was very successful in a business way. Lachlaw MacKay built
a saw mill and grist mill, which he conducted during his lifetime,
dying in 1903. His wife preceded him to the grave in 1901. To
these parents seven children were born, of whom Duncan H. Mac-
Kay of this sketch was the fifth in order of birth.
Our subject spent his boyhood on the home farm and received
his education in the district schools. When seventeen years of age
he started into the live stock business, buying and trading in cattle,
bringing them to Sydney to market, continuing in this line of
endeavor for a number of years and meeting with gratifying suc-
cess. During this period he established a country store which he
operated eight years, enjoying a good trade. He then moved to Glace
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 235
Bay, and has here continued his business successfully. He now has
a large cold storage plant there, also one at Sydney, both doing an
excellent business. He has handled as high as two thousand western
cattle and a large number of local stock a year.
Mr. MacKay was married in 1898 to Catherine Mclnnes of
Beachmont, Cape Breton County. She is a daughter of John R.
Mclnnes, and a granddaughter of Captain Mclnnes, a man of promi-
nence in his day.
To our subject and wife eleven children, seven boys and four
girls, have been born.
Politically, he is a Liberal. Fraternally, he belongs to the Masonic-
Blue Lodge. He is a member of the Presbyterian church.
JOHN A. FFRdUSOX.
It is not the kind of work, but the kind of spirit with which it
is done that dignifies and exalts human service. This is a thought
that should put heart into every worker, put glow and cheer into his
service and fill him with a large degree of satisfaction in doing the
work that nature seems to have, in a way, appointed to him. fohn
A. Ferguson, chief engineer for the Dominion Coal Company at
New Aberdeen, Cape Breton, is a man who gets satisfaction out of
his daily tasks and therefore his work is not only well done, but life
is worth living to him.
Mr. Ferguson was born at Morien, Cape Breton County, Xova
Scotia, October 15, 1866, and is a son of Angus R. and Margaret T-
(McAskill) Ferguson, natives of Scotland and Antigonish. Xova
Scotia, respectively. The father came to Canada when young and
married in Cape Breton and established his home there.
Our subject grew to manhood in his native county, and received
his education at Morien, and in early life began working for the
Dominion Coal Company, first as a mechanic in Morien, later at the
Caledonia Mines as chief engineer for nine years. He has remained
with the company continuously to the present time, and, being con-
scientious, wide-awake and honest his rise has been gradual until
he is now chief engineer of the company's Xo. 2 mine at Xew Aber-
deen. No 2 mine is a big collier and is now working two seams
and has an output of 5,000 tons daily; also has the continual electric
power house for all the colliers of the Dominion Coal Company.
Mr. Ferguson was married September 27, 1888, to Bessie Car-
michael, a daughter of Charles and Elizabeth (Bonar) Carmichael,
236 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
both of whom were born in Scotland from which country they came
to Cape Breton many years ago and are now living in Glace Bay.
Our subject and wife have eight children, namely: Cassie H., Cora
M., Elizabeth C, Angus E., Jessie M., Charles G., Archibald M.,
and McAskill.
Mr. Ferguson is a member of the Independent Order of Odd
Fellows, is also an Orangeman, and he belongs to the Presbyterian
church at New Aberdeen.
ALEXANDER MAcDOUGALL.
Every human being either submits to the controlling influence of
others or wields an influence which touches, controls, guides or
misdirects others. If he be honest and successful in his chosen field
of endeavor, investigation will brighten his fame and point the way
along which others may follow with like success. Viewed in this
light a study of the record of Alexander MacDougall, the present
county treasurer of Pictou County, will doubtless be beneficial to
the reader.
Mr. MacDougall was bom at Blue Mountain, Pictou County,
June 6, 1864. He is a son of Roderick and Mary (Meikle) Mac-
Dougall, the father born at Blue Mountain and the mother at Went-
worth's Grant, Pictou County. They were reared, educated ind
married in their native county where they established their future
home. John MacDougall, the paternal grandfather, was a native of
Inverness, Scotland. He married Jessie MacDougall, who was born
and reared in his native vicinity, but was of no relation. She was an
aunt of the present deputy minister of customs, John MacDougall,
C. M. G. of Ottawa. Grandfather MacDougall was one of the pio-
neer settlers at Blue Mountain. There he engaged in farming, also
conducted a store one of the first in that district in fact, was
the first store between New Glasgow and Sherbrooke. This store
is still conducted by a brother of the subject of this sketch, William
MacDougall. The grandfather also took an active part in church
work and was an elder in the Free Church for many years. He died
at the age of sixty-eight years.
Roderick MacDougall, father of our subject, was reared on the
home farm where he continued to reside, engaged in general farming,
also conducted the store which his father established, and he took an
active part in public affairs, and was elected annually to the municipal
conventions, serving his community for a period of fourteen years,
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 237
he having been a justice of the peace, the duties of which office he
discharged in an able and satisfactory manner. He always took an
active interest in the old court of sessions. The last year he was
in office he served as warden of the council, having succeeded the
late Robert McNeill. He was also an elder in the church and he
took an active part in educational matters, in fact, was a leader in
all movements that had for their object the general good of his
community and county. He was highly esteemed by all who knew
him. His death occurred in 1910 at the age of seventy-four years.
His widow is still living, being now seventy-six years old. To
these parents five sons and two daughters were born, of whom the
subject of this sketch is the oldest. All the children are still living.
Two brothers make their home in Arizona. John, the second son, is
superintendent of the power plant for the Phelps-Dodge Company's
copper mine and railroad in Morenci, Arizona ; Roderick is mechani-
cal superintendent at the same plant ; Fred, the youngest of the fam-
ily, is part owner and general manager of a hardware store in El
Paso, Texas; Mary married L. J. Owen, who is superintendent of the
Phelps-Dodge Company's store at Morenci, Arizona ; Jessie is the
wife of Alexander Chisholm, and they live on a farm adjoining the
original homestead ; William conducts the original store started by
the grandfather.
Alexander MacDougall of this sketch grew up on the home farm
where he assisted with the work when a boy, and he received his
education in the public schools. He continued farming until 1896
with successful results, in which year he was appointed county treas-
urer, which position he has since filled to the eminent satisfaction
of all concerned, discharging his duties in a faithful and able manner,
as might be surmised from the fact that he has been retained in
this important office for a period of nearly twenty years. He was
appointed a stipendiary magistrate for the County of Pictou in 1898
and discharged the duties of that office in addition to that of County
Treasurer.
Mr. MacDougall was married in September, 1883, to Christy J.
Chisholm of Blue Mountain, Pictou County. She is a daughter of
Robert Chisholm, a representative of one of the old Scotch families
of that locality.
The union of our subject and wife has been without issue.
Politically, Mr. MacDougall is a Liberal. Fraternally, he is a mem-
ber of the Masonic Blue Lodge, the Chapter and the Temple. He is
238 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
a past master, as are also his three brothers, although each have
belonged to separate lodges. Our subject and wife are members of
the Knox Presbyterian church.
ALEXANDER MATHESON.
Alex. Matheson was born at St. Esprit, Richmond County, Nova
Scotia, March 27, 1846. He is a son of Duncan and Jessie (Mac-
Lennan) Matheson. The father was born at Plockton, Ross-shire,
Scotland, and came with his parents to this country in 1820, the
mother was born at Malagawatch, Cape Breton.
Our subject was educated in the schools of Sydney, and there
engaged in business until 1880 when he was appointed postmaster
at that place, which position he has held ever since. He is a Presby-
terian, a member of St. Andrews church, Sydney. He is unmarried.
CONRAD O. H. WEBSTER, D. D. S.
Few professions have l^een characterized by greater strides during
the past two decades than dentistry. In order to meet the require-
ments, thinking men have devoted their attention to this subject, great
institutions have been established and the race has been greatly
blessed along these lines. One of the exponents of this science in
Pictou County is Dr. Conrad O. H. Webster of the city of Pictou.
He is a descendant of the prominent old Webster family of Nova
Scotia, and he was born at Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, July 12, 1873.
He is a son of Dr. J. L. R. Webster, a native of Yarmouth and
for many years a leading physician of that place. The mother of
our subject was Helen O. Geddes, eldest daughter of Dr. T. O.
Geddes of Barrington, this Province.
Dr. Webster grew to manhood' in his native town and there
received his early education in the public schools. Deciding to take
up the dental profession he went to Boston, Massachusetts, where
he took the course at the Boston Dental College, from which institu-
ion he was graduated in 1895, and took a post-graduate course at
the Harvard Dental School, a department of Harvard University,
in 1912. After graduating he returned to Nova Scotia and began
the practice of his profession at Pictou, where he has remained to the
present time. He has enjoyed a large and growing practice all the
while and occupies a prominent position in the ranks of his profes-
sional brethren in that part of the Province.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
239
Dr. Webster was married on November 15, 1889, to Ella L.
Langille, a daughter of Amos W. Langille and Mary Ann (Mac-
Bain) Langille of East Earltown, Nova Scotia. To the Doctor and
wife three children have been torn, namely: Helen Geddes, Donald
Robertson, and Margaret Dorothy.
Politically, he is a Liberal ; religiously, a Presbyterian.
M. T. SULLIVAN, M. D.
It was Thoreau who said that men would be better if they had
sufficient vision to look below the surface of things. This vision
is not vouchsafed to many, but one of the favored in this respect is
evidently Dr. M. T. Sullivan, a well known physician of New Aber-
deen, Cape Breton County, whose career has been an interesting and
varied one and of benefit to humanity, and withal a true gentleman
who deserves the high respect in which he is universally held.
Dr. Sullivan was torn at Glace Bay, Cape Breton, March 13,
1874. He is a son of Michael and Susan (Lott) Sullivan, both
natives of Sydney, Cape Breton, where they grew to maturity,
attended school and were married and established their future home.
They each represented pioneer families of that community.
Dr. Sullivan grew to manhood in his native town and received
his early education in the public schools and at St. Francis Navier
College, at Antigonish. He then entered McGill University at Mon-
treal, from which he was graduated in 1901 with the degree of Doc-
tor of Medicine. Returning to Nova Scotia he began the practice
of his profession at Glace Bay and was successful from the start.
He took post-graduate work abroad, studying in London, Chelsea,
Middlesex, St. Thomas, Notre Dame in Paris, and Hotel Dieu. Thus
exceptionally well equipped for his life work he returned to Cape
Breton and established his office at New Aberdeen, where he has
remained to the present time and has built up a large and lucrative
practice.
Politcally, he is a Liberal. He was health officer of Glace Bay
from 1901 to 1908, and was marine doctor from 1901 to 1912. Fra-
ternally, he belongs to the Knights of Columbus, the Catholic Mutual
Benefit Association, the Ancient Order of Hibernians, the Benevo-
lent and Protective Order of Elks and the Owls. He is a Roman
Catholic.
Dr. Sullivan was married June 11, 1902, to Miss C. McLean, a
daughter of James McLean and Annie (McDougall) McLean, of
240 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Antigonish. To this union the following children have been born:
Michael Thomas Gregory, James D'Arcy, Mary Carmel Florentia,
are attending school ; Cornelius Edmund, Victor Eustace, and Gerald
Redmond.
HOWARD H. HAMILTON.
Any good work should be noticed and any conscientious, faith-
ful and honest laborer in the world's necessary affairs should be
honored to the extent that his services are useful. Howard H.
Hamilton, successful manufacturer, of Pictou, Nova Scotia, is doing
a commendable work and justly deserves the respect that his acquaint-
ances accord him. He was born in the town and Province named
above, June 9, 1855, and is a son of George Johnston Hamilton and
Margaret (Arthur) Hamilton, the former a native of Pictou, where
his birth occurred in 1819, and the latter was born in the Orkney
Islands. John James Hamilton, the grandfather, was born at Glas-
gow, Scotland, and he came to Nova Scotia when comparatively
young, conducted a business in Pictou for a number of years. The
father of our subject engaged in the baking business and founded, in
1840, the present well known firm of G. J. Hamilton & Sons, and
he became a progressive man of affairs. He was one of the first
in the Province of Nova Scotia to introduce machinery in the bak-
ing business. By the exercise of sound judgment and industry he
built up a large and lucrative business. He was one of the influ-
ential and highly esteemed men of his town and county. His
death occurred in 1886 at the age of sixty-seven years, leaving two
sons Clarence, who learned the baking business under his father,
is now successfully engaged in the same line of endeavor at Red
Deer, Alberta; and Howard H. of this sketch.
Our subject grew up in his native town and there received his
education in private schools and the Pictou Academy, then entered
Dalhousie University, Halifax, from which institution he was gradu-
ated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, in 1877, then attended
Boston University. Returning home, exceptionally well equipped
from an educational standpoint for the duties of life, he joined
his father in the baking business in Pictou, which he assisted in
building up to extensive proportions and he has continued in this
line of endeavor with ever-increasing success. The present large
factory is fitted up with the best of modern equipments for the
manufacture of all classes of biscuits and confectionery.
s
o
H
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 241
The large output of high-grade products find a very ready mar-
ket over a wide territory. This trade now covers all the Maritime
Provinces, Quebec and the West Indies, and he keeps an average
of two hundred people busily employed.
Mr. Hamilton was married on December 25, 1878, to Georgina
H. Stalker, of Pictou, a daughter of the late James Stalker, one of
the old and respected merchants of that town. To this union two
children were born H. Seymour Hamilton, who is now assisting
his father in the business, and Miss Winnie Hamilton. The wife
and mother died in 1898, and in 1900 Mr. Hamilton was united in
marriage with Harriet P. Wisner, of Brantford, Ontario, a daugh-
ter of J. O. Wisner, a manufacturer of agricultural implements,
which business was finally amalgamated with the Massey-Harris
Company, one of the largest manufacturers of farming machinery in
North America.
Mr. Hamilton has taken an active part in public matters, and
has served three terms as mayor of Pictou and one term as councillor,
also as school commissioner for Pictou Academy. He has done
much in promoting the general welfare of his home town.
JAMES WILLIAM DAVIES, D. D. S.
It is the prerogative of the doctor of dental surgery to assist in
alleviating the physical sufferings to which humanity seems to be
heir, and as such he deserves the most grateful consideration of the
ailing. One of the most promising of the younger dentists of Pic-
tou County, who, by his own ability, has attained a good foothold
in his profession, is Dr. James William Davies of the town of
Pictou.
Dr. Davies was born at Mount Thorn, Pictou County, in Febru-
ary, 1890. He is a son of Duncan and Mary Margaret (McLeod.)
Davies, the father a native of the same vicinity in which the Doctor
was born, and the mother was a native of Colchester County. She
was a daughter of Deacon McLeod. Angus Davies, the grandfather,
was also a native of Mount Thorn, Nova Scotia, where the family
has been well and favorably known since the pioneer days. Edward
Davies, the great-grandfather, was a native of Wales, from which
country he emigrated to this Province in a very early day. He was
a blacksmith by trade and when a company was formed in Wales
to work the salt mines and manufacture salt at Salt Springs, Pictou
(16)
242 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
County, he joined the party and came over as blacksmith for the
company. He located some two miles from the springs, and later
he engaged in farming in that locality. There the grandfather of our
subject continued farming, and he raised a large family. Edward,
one of his sons has a farm adjoining the homestead; Isabella mar-
ried Alexander Campbell and now resides in Saskatchewan; John
James, who for many years conducted some of the leading hotels in
Prince Edward Island, is now operating the Cliff House, a summer
hotel and also the Plaza in Charlottetown ; William A. is a foreman
WH the Intercolonial railroad, having charge of the waterworks at
Moncton ; Hugh died in Boston ; Angus is a successful merchant in
Boston ; David R., who was for some time superintendent of the
Western Union Telegraph Company's lines, died in San Francisco
in 1914; Duncan C., father of the subject of this review; D. F.,
who died in Centralia, Washington, January 23, 1915, was one of
the leading men of that section of the country, one of the most
successful lumbermen in the State of Washington, his death being
a serious blow to his community where he was regarded as a lead-
ing man of affairs and progressive citizen ; P. C. is living on the
homestead in Pictou County.
The Davies family were all large men physically and possessed
great ability and force and succeeded at whatever they attempted.
Duncan Davies, father of our subject, continued on the home farm
and in fact, still resides there, being one of the successful agricul-
turists of his locality. He has kept the place well improved. His
family consists of three children, the Doctor being the second in order
of birth.
Dr. Davies grew to manhood on the farm where he worked when
a boy, and he received his education in the public schools of Pic-
tou, then took a course in the Pictou Academy, after which he
entered Tufts College in Boston, Massachusetts, where he studied
dentistry, spending two years there, then entered the University of
Maryland, from which he was graduated in 1913, taking an honorary
degree by virtue of the fact that he had become one of the members
of the honor roll. He took a post-graduate course in Harvard Uni-
versity, Cambridge, in 1913. Thus exceptionally well equipped for
his chosen life work he returned to Nova Scotia and began the prac-
tice of his profession at Canso, but after remaining there a few
months came to Pictou, where he has built up a very satisfactory
and growing practice.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 243
He was married in January, 1915, to Eva Williams of Balti-
more, Maryland.
Politically, he is a Conservative. He is a member of the follow-
ing associations: Eureka Lodge No. 101, I. O. O. F. ; Delta Sigma
Delta Fraternity, U. of Mel. Alumini Dental Society, Baltimore City
Club, all of Baltimore, Maryland.
E. MACKENZIE FORBES.
One of the most promising of the younger members of the bar
in Cape Breton County is E. Mackenzie Forbes, of Glace Bay. He
is a student of all that pertains to his profession and seems to have
beeu fitted for the same by nature. Although a busy man in an exact-
ing life, when he steps out of his professional path, the true inward-
ness of him in his private friendships is discovered in the private
citizen.
Mr. Forbes was born in North Sydney, Nova Scotia, March 25,
1889. He is a son of John J. and Jessie (Proctor) Forbes, the
father born in North Sydney in 1854 and the mother in Windsor,
this Province. John Forbes, the grandfather, was born in Aber-
deenshire, Scotland, in 1802 and died in 1886 at the advanced age
of eighty-four years. He married Jennet Yeoman, who was a native
of the same community in which he was born. Upon coming to
Canada they landed in Quebec, but remained there only a few months,
when they removed to Sydney. He was a man of strong characteris-
tics and was well educated, having been graduated from Kings Col-
lege, Glasgow. He was a Presbyterian, and owing to his disbelief in
a literal hell he was not ordained to the ministry by the Scotch
Presbytery. After locating in Sydney he followed teaching for a
number of years, then removed to North Sydney where he became
prominent in public affairs, holding the positions of postmaster and
magistrate, and he taught school until his death.
John J. Forbes, father of our subject, received a common school
education, and he was employed by the firm of Archibald & Company,
ship owners, ship chandlers and fish merchants, doing a large export
business to Great Britain and South America. Upon the death
of the elder members of the company, John J. Forbes succeeded
to the management of the same which he still continues with suc-
cess. He also takes a deep interest in educational matters. His
family consisted of nine children, six of whom are still living, the
subject of this sketch being the second in order of birth.
244 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
E. Makenzie Forbes received his elementary education in the pub-
lic schools and was graduated from high school, then took an arts
course in Dalhousie University at Halifax, after which he took the
law course in that institution, being graduated with the degree of
Bachelor of Laws in 1913, and was admitted to the bar in February,
1914. He made an excellent record in school, usually leading his
classes. Immediately after being admitted to practice he came to
Glace Bay, where he has remained to the present time and has suc-
ceeded in building up a very satisfactory clientage, meeting with
success especially in criminal practice.
Mr. Forbes was married in February, 1915, to Annie Kennedy
of Glace Bay. She is a daughter of Daniel Kennedy and wife, one
of the respected old Scotch families of Cape Breton County.
Politically, Mr. Forbes is a Conservative. Fraternally, he belongs
to the Masonic Blue odge, tire Royal Arch Masons and the Scottish
Rite ; also the Independent Order of Odd Fellows.
CAPT. ALLISTER CALDER, M. D.
To the person who closely applies himself to any occupation
which he has chosen as his calling in life, there can only come one
result, that of success and a high place in the esteem of those among
whom his lot has been cast. Dr. Allister Calder of Glace Bay is
no exception to this rule, and while he has been successfully practicing
medicine he has also taken an active interest in the general welfare
of his community.
Dr. Calder was born at Springville, Pictou County, Nova Scotia,
January i, 1880, and is a son of Frank and Christy S. (McLean)
Calder. The father was born at Springville, Nova Scotia, January
6, 1850; the mother was born at Island East River, Pictou County,
in March, 1849. They grew up in their native county, attended
school, were married and established their home there and are still
living at Springville.
" Dr. Calder received his early education in the public schools of
New Glasgow, graduating from the high school there, after which
he attended the medical department of Dalhousie University, from
which he was graduated with the degree of Doctor of Medicine in
1909. after which he took a post-graduate course in New York, then
did work for some time in the Victoria General Hospital, Halifax.
He began the practice of his profession in Glace Bay, Cape Breton,
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 245
in 1909 and has remained here ever since, enjoying a very satis-
factory general practice. He was first an assistant to Dr. R. A.
H. McKeen, and in 1912 formed a partnership with Dr. K. A.
McCuish which still exists.
Dr. Calder was married October 2, 1913, to Mabel Burchell of
Glace Bay, and to their union one child has been born, a daughter,
Kathleen Margaret Calder.
Dr. Calder is attached to the Ninety- fourth Regiment, belonging
to the medical corps which is stationed at Glace Bay. He is a
member of the Canadian Medical Association and the Nova Scotia
Medical Society. He is a member of the Masonic Order, and St.
Paul's Church.
JOHN W. PRIEST.
The record of John W. Priest, an enterprising merchant of Pic-
tou, Nova Scotia, is one that shows the possibilities here in the Mari-
time Provinces of a young man of ambition and perseverance,
although springing from an early environment none too auspicious.
He has fought his way onward and upward by his innate ability
and honest methods and is deserving of the success he has achieved.
Mr. Priest was born at Caribou, Pictou County, May 12. 1866.
He is a son of Caleb and Elizabeth (Eraser) Priest, the father a na-
tive of Albion Mines, Pictou County, and the mother was born in
Scotland, from which country she came to Nova Scotia when young
in years. Noah Priest, the grandfather, was a native of England,
from which country he was sent to Nova Scotia by the old Albion
Mines Company to open up the mines here. After the shaft was sunk
the coal was raised by means of a gin and horse-power. After re-
maining at the mines a few years, Mr. Priest bought property in Cari-
bou, and joined John Russell, who was conducting a blacksmithing
business, Mr. Priest being a practical chain maker and they added
chain making to their other work, he being the first chain maker to
come to Nova Scotia and probably to America.
John W. Priest received his early education in the public schools,
and in 1886 he entered the employ of R. Tanner & Son, shoe dealers,
continuing in their employ for eight years, giving them eminent satis-
faction. He then bought out the business of E. C. Henderson, which
he conducted with success, later buying the McLaren property on
Water street, Pictou, and there built his present substantial and mod-
ernly equipped store, and here he conducts an up-to-date shoe store,
246 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
carrying a large and well-selected stock. In 1912 he bought the prop-
erty and business of the R. Tanner Company on Water street, which
he also conducts. He has built up a large trade with the town and
surrounding country, which is constantly increasing as a result of
his able management, sound judgment and honest and courteous
treatment of his customers. In 1912 he sent out a traveling salesman
which he has since retained and has increased his business very
materially in this way, now keeping several salesmen on the road.
His salesmen now cover the Maritime Provinces, and a splendid job-
bing trade is being built up. This, in connection with his retail trade,
promises to reach vast proportions.
Mr. Priest was married in June, 1893, to Anna Murdock of Pic-
tou, Xova Scotia. She is a daughter of the late James Murdock, who
was married to Sarah Gass, a niece of the Hon. Jotham Blanchard,
who conducted a ship and blacksmithing plant on Ives Wharf for
many years. Three children have been born to our subject and wife,
namely : Sarah Blanchard is assisting her father in the store ; Lois is
at home ; John Ernest is at home.
Politically, Mr. Priest is a Liberal. He has long been active in
public affairs, and he served two years as a member of the town
council.
EDWARD A. FULLARTON.
No matter what line of business one may be engaged in, if a
man is doing something useful and well and if he enjoys the respect
and good will of those with whom he associates or comes in con-
tact, his record is worthy of consideration in a history of the nature
of the one in hand; for all should receive much benefit by the deline-
ation of those traits of character which find scope and exercise in the
common walks of life. One of the citizens of Pictou County of *his
class is Edward A. Fullarton, well known and successful manufac-
turer of the town of Pictou.
He was born in the above named town and county, in March,
1871, and is a son of David and Elizabeth J. (Adamson) Fullarton.
The father was born at Lyons Brook, Pictou County, in 1823, and
the mother was born at Mount Dalhousie, Pictou County. Fergus
Fullarton, the grandfather, was torn at Dumfries, Scotland, was
a cousin of the Rev. Archibald Fullarton, who was a minister of the
Parish Church of Greenock, Scotland, for many years and a man of
distinction at that time. His descendants are still engaged in busi-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 247
ness in Scotland, including the old firm of John Fullarton & Sons,
which was established by a grand uncle of our subject. The grand-
father was engaged in the shoe and leather business and became
possessed of considerable means, as wealth went in those days. He
was a man of ability and strong traits. He was in failing health
when he came to Nova Scotia. His family consisted of thirteen
sons and one daughter. The latter married Thomas Renton in
Dumfries, Scotland, and they came to Nova Scotia about the time
her father came, and he was the founder of the present business
in which our subject is engaged. The death of Mr. Renton occurred
while the father of our subject was a bound apprentice with him,
in 1839, after which the father of our subject took up and continued
the business successfully. He was a man of progressive ideas. His
original business was mostly in blocks, pumps and similar ship sup-
plies. He installed the first carding mill in the eastern part of Xova
Scotia, having sent to Scotland for the mill. After receiving it
he improved on the mill by uniting the breaker and finisher whereby
one man did the work which previously required the work of two.
During the winter months when there was no carding he constructed
and set up a number of these mills for others engaged in a similar
business. He imported an engine and boiler from Glasgow, which
\va.s the first steam plant to come to the town of Pictou. Later, as
the carding business was abandoned by the erection of woolen mills,
the father of our subject added to his business the manufacture of
furniture and finally converted the plant into a general wood working
establishment, conducting a large plant at the foot of Coleraine street,
Pictou. Fire visited his plant twice, first in 1876, and again in
1905. The death of David Fullerton occurred in 1909, since which
time the business has become continued by his son. our subject.
George Fullarton. the latter's brother, was associated with his father
in the business until 1898, when his interests were purchased by our
subject, the former going west, and has since been successfully
engaged in the lumber business at Edmonton. After the fire in
1905 Edward A. Fullerton continued the business at the west end
of Pictou where he now has a modern and well equipped plant, in
which he manufactures sashes and doors, together with all kinds of
building material, the business now extending all over Nova Scotia
and the Magdalen Islands.
Mr. Fullerton was married in June, 1905, to Letitia M. MacKay,
of Hardwood Hill. She is a daughter of Daniel MacKay, who spent
248 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
years in California, Colorado and Montana, and he was familiarly
known as "California Dan" to distinguish him from the numerous
other MacKays in Pictou County. The MacKays is one of the
oldest families at Hardwood Hill.
Politically, Mr. Fullarton is a Liberal. He is president of the
Board of Trade of Pictou, and he has done much toward the gen-
eral development of his home town.
J. SMITH GRANT.
The record of J. Smith Grant, an enterprising merchant of Pic-
tou, Nova Scotia, proves that blood counts in this country, but in a
different way in which the "blood" of the European nations count,
for here we count as worthiest, the good sterling blood of our honest,
hard-working ancestors, while across the ocean it is merely a differ-
ence of aristocracy so-called and peasantry, the latter counting, in
many instances, for more than the former, in the true scale of being.
Mr. Grant is a descendant of good old Scotch stock.
Mr. Grant was torn at Scotch Hill, Pictou County, April 5, 1858.
He is a son of John and Annie (McConnell) Grant, the father a na-
tive of Scotch Hill and the mother of Meadowville, Pictou County.
Peter Grant, the grandfather, was born in Scotland, from which
country he came as a young man to Nova Scotia, locating in the city
of Halifax, later coming to Pictou where he taught school, having
received a good education in his native land. He was subsequently
bookkeeper with John Russell, who conducted an extensive ship and
ship building blacksmithing plant. He took up a homestead on Scotch
Hill and developed a good farm. He lived to the age of eighty-five
years. His family consisted of five sons and six daughters. All
the sons and four of the daughters located on farms within ten miles
of the old homestead. John Grant, father of our subject, bought a
farm adjoining the homestead, and in addition to general farming
he was a framer and builder and did considerable contracting. He
died at the age of eighty-seven years. He was a man of fine char-
acter, always living in the fear of his Maker, and taught his family,
by precept and example, to follow the right path. He and his wife
became parents of thirteen children, of which number J. Smith Grant
of this sketch was next to the youngest.
Our subject grew up on the home place and received his educa-
tion in the public schools. In 1872 he came to Pictou and entered the
employ of A. Henderson & Son, shoe dealers, with whom he remained
one year, then entered the employ of Isaac A. Grant, the leading dry
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 249
goods merchant of Pictou for many years, and he continued with this
firm for a period of eleven years, when he opened business on his
own account, having mastered the various phases of merchandising.
Since that time he has devoted his closest attention to his business,
which has steadily increased until it is one of the most popular stores
in Pictou. He has confined himself to dry goods and carries a large
and well-selected stock at all seasons, and by dealing honestly and
courteously with his customers has gained and retained the con-
fidence of the people. He maintains a well-equipped tailoring estab-
lishment in connection with his store.
Mr. Grant was married on July 6, 1882 to Margaret Esdale John-
ston, of Pictou. She is a daughter of John Johnston and wife, an
old Pictou family. To our subject and wife four children have been
born, namely: Eunice May died in infancy; Percy Arnold has been
in the banking business for a number of years, having been employed
by the Royal Bank of Canada; Edna Esdale was graduated from the
Ladies' College, Halifax, and is a teacher of music; she is organist
at the Prince Street Presbyterian Church. Myrtle Vivian is the
youngest child and is at home. She is attending the far-famed Pictou
Academy from which she was graduated in 1916.
Mr. Grant has been very successful as a business man and is
deserving of a great deal of credit for what he has accomplished,
having forged his way to the front unaided. Politically, he is a
Liberal. He has taken an abiding interest in public affairs and has
served as town counsellor, and for two years was mayor of Pictou.
He has been a member of temperance societies since boyhood and has
been a worker for the cause. He and his family are members of
the Prince Street Presbyterian Church of which he is a liberal con-
tributor and has been elder for a number of years.
EDMUND T. MAcKEEN.
One of the well known citizens of Sydney, Nova Scotia is Edmund
T. MacKeen, who was born at Baddeck, Victoria County, this
Province, January 19, 1858. He is a son of Samuel W. and Eliza-
beth J. MacKeen, both natives of Guysborough County, the father
born at Stillwater, September 9, 1824, and the mother's birth occurred
at Melrose, December 14, 1821. They each represented pioneer
families of that county, and there they grew to maturity, were mar-
ried and established their first home. They moved to Baddeck, C. B.,
in 1857 and afterwards to Sydney, C. B., in 1867. The name Mac-
Keen is derived from MacEoin, meaning son of John (Macdonald)
250 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
of Glencoe, Argyleshire, Scotland. Subsequent to the massacre at
Glencoe, the family removed to the north of Ireland, thence to New
Hampshire, America, and from that state to Nova Scotia in 1/55.
The subject of this sketch received his education in the Sydney
Academy, the Waterville (Maine) Classical Institute and McGill
University, Montreal. He was principal of Sydney Academy from
1889 to 1898, then entered the field of journalism and was suc-
cessively editor of the Cape Breton Adi'ocatc from 1899 to 1900,
inclusively; the Sydney Morning Post during 1900-1901, the Sydney
Daily Post from 1903 to 1914. In January, 1914, he was appointed
collector of inland revenue at Sydney, which office he still holds.
Mr. MacKeen was married on December 23, 1884, to Katie
MacKinnon, a daughter of Daniel and Catherine (McDonald) Mac-
Kinnon of Port Morien, Cape Breton. This union has resulted in
the birth of the following children: Roy Ward, Archie, Flora,
Donald, Rankin and Alan.
Politically, Mr. MacKeen is a Liberal-Conservative, and he was
president of the Liberal-Conservative Association of Cape Breton
County from 1898 to 1901. Religiously, he is a Presbyterian.
ALEXANDER S. McNEIL.
When we are told that such and such a man is a manager of
no matter what we know at once that he is a man who has not at-
tained his position at a single bound, but that he has spent years in
close application and careful preparation. Without any attempt to
unduly praise Alexander S. McNeil, manager of one of the collieries
of the Dominion Coal Company at New Aberdeen, we can truthfully
say that he is such a man as we have here indicated.
Mr. McNeil was born at Ingonish, Victoria County, Nova Scotia,
September 5, 1875. He is a son of Michael A. and Margaret (Cam-
eron ) McNeil, both natives of Inverness County, this Province, the
father's birth having occurred in 1832. They grew up in their native
county and there married and established their home.
Alexander S. McNeil received his education in the common
schools. He is practically a self-educated man. He took a complete
coal mining course and mining engineer's course in the International
Correspondence School of Scranton, Pennsylvania, however, he did
not complete the course in mining engineering.
He began his career in the mines as driver boy and worked
through the different grades of work, being promoted from position
to position until he became manager, having been faithful and trust-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 251
worthy at all times. He is at present manager of No. 2 Mine, Domin-
ion Coal Company at New Aberdeen, near Glace Bay, which is the
largest single colliery in the world. He is giving the company entire
satisfaction in his present responsible position.
Mr. McNeil was married September 19, 1899, to Catherine Mc-
Neil, a daughter of Charles McNeil and Maggie (Cameron) McNeil,
of Bridgeport, Cape Breton.
To our subject and wife the following children have been torn :
Margaret, born, October 13, 1902; Michael Charles, January 3, 1904;
Annie May, July 25, 1905; Donald, July 3, 1906; Duncan Paul,
March 2, 1910; John Osmond, April 22, 1911.
Politically, Mr. McNeil is a Lil>eral. He belongs to the Knights
of Columbus, the Catholic Mutual Benefit Association, and the
Ancient Order of Hibernians. He is a Roman Catholic.
CAPT. DAINEL MACKAY.
"A life on the ocean wave, a home on the stormy deep,'' appealed
to the late .Capt. Daniel Mackay from his early boyhood and the
major portion of his interesting and adventurous life was spent as a
seafaring man, and although Nova Scotia has sent out a vast number
of excellent seamen, many of whom gained reputations in distant
parts of the globe, it is safe to say that none were abler than our
subject. He was not only skilled in seamanship but was a man who
bore a good reputation throughout his career, the latter part of which
was spent in railway service.
Captain Mackay was born at Lockbroom, Pictou County, Nova
Scotia, in the year 1830, and was a son of George and Elizabeth
Mackay, an old family of Pictou County. There he grew to man-
hood and attended school, and when young in years went to sea.
Being quick to learn, industrious and reliable, his promotion was
rapid and he became a master mariner at an early age and com-
manded ships in the foreign trade, but he finally retired from the sea
and became manager of the Marine Railway at North Sydney, in
which road he was financially interested, and he continued in that
capacity for a number of years. He was a man of large stature and
commanding appearance, which description is typical of Nova Scotia
sea captains of a half a century ago, and he was a man of many
excellent traits. He married Elizabeth McDonald of East River,
Pictou County. She was a daughter of Findlay McDonald, who was
born in Scotland. To their union the following children were born :
252 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
George F. is a practicing physician in Dalton, Berkshire Hills, Massa-
chusetts; Eldridge P. is manager of the bank of Montreal at Bath-
hurst, New Brunswick; Welsford D. and William J. R. were both
born in North Sydney, Nova Scotia. There they grew up, attended
school, and each advanced to responsible positions, from which they
withdrew in 1909, and became partners in a commission and insur-
ance business, conducted under the firm name of Mackay Bros., with
headquarters in Sydney, Nova Scotia, and they are still conducting
the same with success. William J. R., the youngest, married Eliza-
beth Ferguson, in October, 1906. She is a daughter of the late Allan
A. Ferguson, Esq., of Pictou. This family is mentioned on another
page of this work.
Two children have been born to William J. R. Mackay and wife
Welsford F. and Mildred E.
Both William J. R. and Welsford D. Mackay are Master Masons,
the latter being Past Senior Grand Warden and Past High Priest.
GEORGE STONEWALL JACKSON.
While George Stonewall Jackson has been devoting his attention
primarily to the mercantile business in New Glasgow, Pictou County,
and making a success of it, he has not negelected his duties as a
public-spirited citizen; but, having the interests of his town and
county at heart he has ever been ready to support any movement that
had for its object the general welfare of his locality, where his family
has long been well and favorably known.
Mr. Jackson was born in the above named town and county on
July 21, 1875. He is a son of James William and Minnie (McGreg-
or) Jackson, the mother dying in 1876, when our subject was an in-
fant. The father was a native of Pictou County, where his father,
George Jackson, who was a native of Aberdeen, Scotland, located in
an early day, and here engaged in business the rest of his life. The
father of our subject learned to be a chemist and druggist under J. D.
B. Fraser in the towq of Pictou, and he opened a drug store in New
Glasgow and became one of the succesful and highly respected busi-
ness men there. His death occurred at the early age of forty years.
He had two sons, Robert McGregor Jackson, and George S. of this
sketch. The former, after his graduation from high school in New
Glasgow, went to Pennsylvania and entered the Philadelphia College
of Pharmacy, from which he was graduated in 1893. He then
returned to Nova Scotia and took charge of the Jackson drug busi-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 253
ness. He married Gertrude Fraser, of McLellan's Brook, this Prov-
ince, and to their union one child was lx>rn, Minnie Earla. The
death of Robert M. Jackson occurred in 1911, while still a young
man of much promise.
G. Stonewall Jackson qntered the mercantile business and is
proprietor of Jackson's drug and tobacco store and Jackson's cloth-
ing store. He has represented Ward 3 in the town council for a
number of years.
Mr. Jackson is probably better known throughout the Province
for his interest in all kinds of sport. Along with his partner, Dr. J.
Garf. Macdonald, they have held the championship of the Maritime
Provinces two consecutive years for men's doubles at tennis.
Mr. Jackson married Kathryn Ruth, youngest daughter of the
late Capt. Richard Meikle.
DAVID A. HEARN.
Barristers are constantly under the argus eye of popular critic-
ism and inspection, and if their conduct or character are occasionally
delineated in distorted outlines, and if there be a sporadic instance of
some one unworthy the name, it is a fact, nevertheless, that, in no
other pursuit are there more proportioned to their number who merit
the title of conscientious men, than that unsceptered army of Can-
adian barristers.
One of the best known members of the bar of Cape Breton is
David A. Hearn, of Sydney, who is a King's Counsellor. He was
born at Arichat, Richmond County, February 14, 1853, and is a son
of James and Isabella (Campbell) Hearn, the former a native of St.
John, Newfoundland, and the mother of Glasgow, Scotland. The
paternal grandfather came from Water ford, Ireland. The mother
was a descendant of the Campbells of the Island of Call, Scotland.
David A. Hearn received his education in the Arichat public
schools and Academy, and he grew to manhood in his native com-
munity. He began studying law when a boy at Arichat and was
admitted to the bar in 1877 and was made a King's Counsellor in
1907. He has been very successful in the practice of his profession
and has built up a large clientage at Sydney, where he located in the
year 1891. He has occupied many prominent positions of public
trust in his native county, representing the same in the local Legis-
lature from 1886 to 1890. He has resided in Sydney continuously
for a period of twenty-five years, during which time he has taken an
254
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
active part in the affairs of the town, aiding in its general develop-
ment. He acted as prosecuting officer for the county from 1891, and
has been continued in office ever since.
Mr. Hearn was married August 18, 1879, to Elizabeth Quinan,
who died in 1903, leaving two children, Joseph Cleveland and James
Wilfred; the former now lives in Wadena, Saskatchewan; the latter
is now in France, having volunteered for service as a private in the
Sixth Battery, Second Brigade of the Canadian contingent at the
outbreak of the European war. Wilfred, as he is familiarly known,
was in his nineteenth year when he joined the army, and is the author
of those interesting letters from the front which have been, appear-
ing in the Sydney Post for some time. He was born November 20,
1894. His elder brother was torn November 9, 1884. George, who
was a younger brother, torn in 1897, died in 1900. Joseph Cleveland
enlisted on December 24, 1915, in the Wadena Independent Company
of which his cousin, J. Henry Ham, is captain.
Our subject married a second time, his last wife being known in
her maidenhood as Bridget Mary Ormond. Their marriage was
celebrated on July 19, 1905.
Politically, our subject is a Liberal. He is a Catholic in religious
affairs. He belongs to the Knights of Columbus, to the Sydney Club,
and he was at one time president of the Cape Breton Barristers
Association.
ISAAC SIDNEY BLENKHORN.
He whose productive abilities are directed along legitimate and
normal lines is by virtue of that fact exerting a force which con-
serves human progress and prosperity, and the man of capacity and
business finds himself an involuntary steward upon whom devolves
large responsibilities. Isaac Sidney Blenkhorn, a successful manufac-
turer of Canning, Kings County, Nova Scotia, is a man who evident-
ly realizes to the full his responsibilities as one of the representative
citizens of his locality.
Mr. Blenkhorn was torn at Kingsport, Kings County, September
17, 1848. He is a son of James and Mary Ann (Spicer) Blenkhorn,
the father a native of Advocate Harbor, Cumberland County, and the
mother was torn at Spencer's Island, Nova Scotia, and her death
occurred in 1889. Grandfather Blenkhorn was a native of Cumber-
land County, where his father settled about the year 1750, having
come to Nova Scotia from Yorkshire, England, but was originally of
HISTORY OF .NOVA SCOTIA. 255
Germany. The grandfather was a farmer and his death occurred
at an early age, however, he left a large family. One of his sons,
John Blenkhorn, was a shipbuilder at Advance Harbor, and was a
prominent man in his town and county. James Blenkhorn, father of
our subject, grew up in Cumberland County, where he was educated
in the district schools and when a young man learned the blacksmith's
trade, which he made his chief life work, which trade he learned
under his elder brother.
Isaac S. Blenkhorn grew to manhood in Kings County and re-
ceived his education in the public schools, and he learned the black-
smith's trade under his father, with whom he was associated in the
blacksmithing business during his earlier career, taking up the manu-
facture of axes to which line they gave special attention. The father
lived to the advanced age of ninety years, having retired from active
life a number of years prior to his death. His plant was located at
Canning. Our subject has continued the business with growing suc-
cess since the death of the elder Blenkhorn. During the thirty-five
years that he has operated the same he has had the misfortune to be
burned out four times ; but, nothing daunted, he rebuilt each time and
now has a modernly equipped and substantial plant and is doing an
extensive business, his products, owing to their superior quality, find-
ing a very ready market over a wide territory. His son and his
brother, Loran T., are both assisting him in the business, both re-
cently taking an interest in the same. About a dozen skilled
mechanics are constantly employed, steam power is used and the
plant has a capacity of over three thousand dozens per year. Their
principal market is found in the eastern Provinces of Canada.
Mr. Blenkhorn was married in April, 1878, to Helen Miller, of
Canning, Nova Scotia, a sister of Dr. John W. Miller, a sketch of
whom appears on another page of this work. To our subject and
wife the following children have been born: Cora is the wife of
Frank Wheelock, a professor of physics of Sackville University,
where Mrs. Wheelock was educated, and later she spent two years
at Drexel University, Philadelphia, from which institution she was
graduated in domestic science ; Scott Miller, who spent two years in
Sackville University and two years in Kingston, in Queen's Univer-
sity, was graduated as a mining engineer, and after spending two
years in Ontario, returned to Canning, Nova Scotia, and is now con-
nected with his father in the manufacturing business; he married
Georgia Pelton, of Kings County, and they have three children,
256 HISTORY OF KOVA SCOTIA.
namely: Ivan, Dorris and Barbara. Hulda, who was graduated
from Sackville University, is now taking a post-graduate course in
a New York University.
Mr. Blenkhorn is a member of the Independent Order of Odd
Fellows. Politically, he is a Liberal. He has always taken an active
interest in temperance work and has done much for the good of the
cause.
JAMES A. GARFIELD BRUCE, M. D.
Although Dr. James A. Garfield Bruce, of Westville, Pictou
County, has not tried to emulate the career of the great American
for whom he was named, not having ambitions to become a leader in
public affairs, yet he has tried to do well whatever he has turned his
attention to, and, having chosen the medical profession for his life
work, is making rapid strides in the same.
Dr. Bruce was born at Barney's River, Pictou County, Nova
Scotia, June 16, 1882. He is a son of Henry Hector Bruce, also
born at Barney's River; and Sarah (McVikar) Bruce, a native of
West Merigomish, Pictou County. These parents grew up in their
native county where they were educated in the public schools and
were married. The father has devoted his life to general farming
and is living on the homestead at the age of sixty-nine years. He is
a member of the Presbyterian Church. His family consists of seven
children of whom the subject of this sketch was the third in order of
birth. George Bruce, the grandfather, was born in Sutherlandshire,
Scotland, from which country he came to Nova Scotia at the age of
twelve years, in 1822, accompanied by his father, Donald Bruce, the
voyage being made in the Harmony. The family located at Barney's
River, Pictou County, and from that early day to the present time
the family has been well and favorably known in that locality. The
grandfather reached the advanced age of ninety-one years, dying in
1901. The great-grandfather settled in Upper Barney's River, the
grandfather locating in Lower Barney's River, where he followed
farming. They were of excellent old Scotch stock and lived in the
fear of God and the Free Church, in which the grandfather was an
elder and was active in church work. Dr. Blair was his pastor for
many years.
Dr. Bruce grew to manhood on the home farm where he worked
during the summer months, and in the winter time he attended the
public schools, spending one year in the high school at New Glasgow,
c
THE HIGHT HON. SIR JOHN 8. D. THOMPSON". K. C. M. G.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 257
then entered Pictou Academy, where he took a degree, here obtaining
a gold medal in 1903, then took the arts course in Dalhousie Univer-
sity, Halifax, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1906 from
that institution, and while here was a member of the university foot-
ball team, then in its palmiest days, after which he entered the medical
department there and was graduated with the degree of Doctor of
Medicine in April, 1908, doing seven years in five. He first began
to practice in Walton, Hants County, where he got a good start, but
at the end of two years came to Westville, Pictou County, where
he has since remained and has built up a very satisfactory practice
which is constantly growing.
Dr. Bruce was married in 1906 to Emily English, of Pictou,
Nova Scotia. She is a daughter of J. P. English and a grand-
daughter of the late Captain English.
To the Doctor and wife one child has been born Garfield Wilson
Bruce.
Dr. Bruce is a iberal in politics and a member of the Knights of
Pythias Lodge. He is a member of the County and Provincial Medi-
cal Associations.
CLARENCE MILLER, M. D.
When Dr. Clarence Miller of Stellarton, Pictou County, decided
upon a medical career, he knew quite well that he would be com-
pelled to "labor and to wait." in the language of "The Psalm of
Life;" that he was entering a road which leads to success only for
those who are willing to face and overcome obstacles. That he has
done so is indicated by the success he has achieved while yet a young
man.
Dr. Miller was born m the above named town and county, in
January, 1880. He is a son of W. G. Miller, a prominent citizen of
that locality, and who occupied the office of mayor of Stellarton
from 1895 to 1898, inclusive, and was for a period of ten years a
member of the town council. He has done much for the permanent
good of Stellarton, whose interests he has ever had at heart. He has
been engaged in business there as a merchant tailor for many years
with success. He is a star cricketer and curler.
Dr. Clarence Miller grew to manhood at Stellarton where he
attended the public schools, then entered Pictou Academy, from
which he was graduated in 1897. He then taught school two years,
(17)
258 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
after which he entered McGill University at Montreal, from which
institution he was graduated with the degree of M. D. C. M. in 1894,
standing high in his class, and taking well merited honors. Return-
ing to Pictou County he at once took up the practice of his profession
at Stellarton, where he has built up a good patronage and has been
very successful as a general practitioner, gaining the good will and
confidence of the people. He has won quite a reputation in surgical
work. He is well situated, being in a coal mining district where
accidents are frequent, consequently his experience has been varied.
Dr. Miller was married on November 18, 1908, to Lena Blanche
Fraser. of Spring Hill, Nova Scotia. She is a daughter of the late
A. K. Fraser, of Spring Hill, this Province. Mr. Fraser was a
prominent man in his community, having l)een engaged in a large
general mercantile business for years and represented the Liberal
party of the County of Cuml>erland in the Provincial Parliament for
many years.
To the Doctor and wife two children have been born, namely:
John Alexander Fraser Miller and Elizabeth Ross Miller.
Politically, Dr. Miller is a Conservative. He belongs to the In-
dependent Order of Odd Fellows and the Sons of Temperance, and
takes a very active interest in the welfare of historic Christ Church.
He is one of the staff of physicians and surgeons of Aberdeen Hos-
pital. He has always taken an active interest in athletics, and was
captain of the Stellarton cricket team which first won the champion-
ship of Nova Scotia. He has also taken an active interest in curling.
There are few better cricketers in the Province than he. From early
years he had an ambition to Income a doctor and began bending
every effort in that direction, and he has continued a student.
JAMES PRIMROSE.
The town of Pictou, pleasantly situated in the county of that
name, owes a debt of gratitude to James Primrose, who has done as
much, if not more, than any other man in recent years, at least,
for her general development and welfare. He has the interests of
his home town very much at heart and, while laboring for his indi-
vidual advancement, takes a delight in boosting the community.
Mr. Primrose was born in Pictou, Nova Scotia, May 16, 1859,
and there he has been content to spend his life. He is a son of Hon.
Clarence Primrose and Rachael (Carre) Primrose, both natives of
this Province, the father born in the town of Pictou. They each
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 259
represent excellent old families. James Primrose, the paternal grand-
father, was born in Rothiemay, Scotland, where he spent his child-
hood years, immigrating to Nova Scotia as a young man and here
he established the future home of the family, iirst settling at Halifax,
where a brother, Alexander Primrose, a barrister, had preceded him.
However, after a short residence in that city, James Primrose re-
moved to Pictou, where it was not long until he engaged in business
in partnership with the late Alexander 1 '. Ross. The partnership con-
tinued a few years when it was dissolved, each then engaging in
business on his own account, continuing a general mercantile and
shipping business. Mr. Primrose built up a large trade and pros-
pered. In 1850 he erected the large Clarence mills which were in
continual operation for many years. His family consisted of three
children, namely: Clarence, father of the subject of this sketch;
Howard, who was associated with his father in the mercantile busi-
ness, and who was the father of Dr. Alexander Primrose, of Toron-
to, Canada, who stands high in the medical profession, and Gordon,
who died in childhood. The firm name was formerly J. Primrose
& Son, then Primrose & Rudolph, and finally Primrose Bros.
Hon. Clarence Primrose, who was a man of more than ordinary
ability and influence, died at the age of seventy-two years, in 1902.
He had been actively engaged in business since young manhood.
Taking an intelligent interest in public affairs, he was appointed to
a high position of trust that of Canadian Senator, which office he
held during the latter years of his life, discharging his duties in a
manner that was highly commendable, and indicative of his true
worth and ability.
James Primrose, subject of this biography, grew to manhood in
Pictou, his native town. He attended the public schools there, and
later was a student at the Pictou Academy. After finishing his
schooling he entered the office of Primrose Bros, as a clerk and later
became one of the active members of the firm and has continued the
business inaugurated by his grandfather to the present time with
ever-increasing success. At the death of his father he became man-
ager of the firm, which now engages principally in the lumber busi-
ness, owning a large tract of timber land at Riverdale, Colchester
County, this Province, where a number of men are employed. The
firm also has large holdings in Queens County.
On August n, 1896, occurred the marriage of James Primrose
and Annie McDonald. She was born, reared and educated in Pictou,
2(5(3 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
and is a daughter of the late A. C. McDonald, M. P., speaker of the
House of Assembly before Confederation, whose family is mentioned
in the sketch of E. M. McDonald in this work.
Mr. Primrose has been mayor of the town of Pictou for a period
of five years, having been elected by acclamation to succeed himself
each time, and he had been a member of the city council for nearly
ten years previously. During all this period he has been alert to the
best interests of the town and one of its chief boosters.
JOHN WILLIAM MILLER, M. D.
The medical profession of Kings County has an able representa-
tive in the person of Dr. John William Miller of Canning. He is not
only well qualified by both nature and training to carry succor to the
suffering, but he possesses excellent judgment of men and things,
well balanced by knowledge and experience.
Dr. Miller was born in the above named town and county, in July,
1861. He is a son of James Samuel and Maria (Belcher) Miller,
the father a native of Ireland and the mother of Cunard, Kings
County. Grandfather Miller was a native of Ireland in which coun-
try his parents located, having emigrated from Ayr, Scotland, where
they were born. Grandfather Miller was educated for the Presby-
terian ministry. He was married in Ireland. The church at that
time required its pastors to accomplish a certain stipend before
marrying. Mr. Miller married before he was able to comply with
the rules of the church, so he gave up the idea of becoming a minister
and, with his young wife, set sail for Canada, locating in St. John,
New Brunswick, where he engaged in teaching and there spent many
years. His methods were considered advanced for that time. Many
of the older residents of that city, who were pupils of his, still revere
his memory. He lived to an advanced age. James S. Miller, father
of the Doctor, was the eldest of a large family. A brother, John
Miller, was superintendent of education for the Province of New
Brunswick for a number of years, and was also for several years
principal of the Normal school at Truro, Nova Scotia. David Miller,
another brother, went to California in the early years of the state's
history, where he died, after a successful career. Another brother,
a Baptist clergyman, died in 1912; still another brother was for many
years principal of schools at Dartmouth, but he now resides in Mon-
treal, and his daughter, Mrs. Slade, wrote the patriotic poem, "The
Man of the Hour," during the present European war, in 1914.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 26l
James Samuel Miller, father of Dr. Miller, was educated in St.
John, New Brunswick, later attended Berkshire Medical College in
New Hampshire, from which he was graduated in 1855, after which
he came to Canard, Kings County, Nova Scotia, where he married
and practiced his profession a few years, then removed to Canning,
where he continued practicing medicine until his death, which oc-
curred in 1901. He was a prominent man in his community, but
he always avoided public offices. His family consisted of six chil-
dren, John W. being the second in order of birth and the eldest son.
Dr. John W. Miller received his early education in the public
schools of Canning, then attended Sackville University, later went to
the States and completed the course in the medical department of the
University of New York, from which he was graduated in 1885.
Desiring to further equip himself for his chosen profession he went
to Edinburgh, Scotland, and took a post-graduate course in the Royal
Infirmary. Returning to Nova Scotia he began the practice of medi-
cine in Canning where he has remained to the present time, enjoying
all the while a large and lucrative practice, his name becoming a
household word in Kings County. During this period he has taken
a year's post-graduate work in New York Medical College, and since
then has attended other leading institutions, taking post-graduate
work in various lines.
Dr. Miller was married on December _>/, 1887, to Florence Pay-
zant, of Canning, Xova Scotia, and a daughter of W. H. Payzant,
who was born in Falmouth, this Province, in 1827. and died Novem-
ber 16, 1885. His wife. Eliza Ann Harris, was a native of Horton,
Kings County. The grandfather, W. H. Payzant, Sr., was a well
known minister in the early days of this Province. A history of the
Payzant family is found on another page of this work.
To the Doctor and wife the following children have been torn:
Ethel and Minnie, both of whom are graduates of Acadia Seminary
at at Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Ethel graduating in voice, and Minnie
in violin.
Fraternally, Dr. Miller is a member of the Masonic Order, in
which he is Past Deputy Grand Master; he also belongs to the In-
dependent Order of Odd Fellows, Manchester Unity; also the Can-
adian Order of Foresters and Independent Order of Foresters, of
which Order he is Past High Physician. He is a member of the
Dominion Medical Association, and Kings County Medical Society.
Politically, he is a Conservative, and he and his family belong to the
Methodist Church.
262 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
JAMES YORSTON.
The Yorston family has for upwards of one hundred years been
one of the best known and influential families in Nova Scotia. Resi-
dents of Pictou, they have been successful in business and at the
same time faithful in their support of all measures making for the
general public good.
The present James Yorston was born at the family homestead,
"Orqucll", in the parish of Erie, Orkney, Scotland, on November
20, 1847. He is the son of the late John Yorston, Laird of "Orquell",
the family being originally of Scandinavian stock. The original
form of the name is Thorstein, a name found running through the
old Scandinavian Sagas.
The family took its origin from three brothers who long ago
crossed from Norway and settled in the Orkneys in both Evie and
Rendall. The Evie branch has had for its home "Orquell" lying
opposite the Island of Rousay, for over two hundred years, up to the
present time.
James Yorston spent his boyhood in his native land and there
received the early portion of his education. He sailed for Nova
Scotia in the year 1860, at the age of thirteen years. Erom that time
on he became one of Pictou's best known citizens. He joined the
establishment of his uncle, the late John Yorston, who at that time
was successfully engaged in business, and who was becoming one of
the merchant princes of Nova Scotia in his day and generation.
James Yorston, after his arrival at Pictou, attended the Old
Academy under John Costley and William Jack, and later studied
at the Model School at Truro, Novia Scotia. In 1862, he entered
the Commercial House, the establishment of his uncle, and remained
with him until the latter's death in 1865.
John Yorston was a man of most liberal characteristics and our
subject recalls many kind deeds of his. When he died he was greatly
missed and mourned by the boys about town, whom he always re-
membered at the holiday season.
An idea of his big-heartedness may be gained by the following
incident : A boy came into his store with a one-pound note with
which he intended making a purchase for the family. The note had
gotten wet and as the lad was holding it by the open fire-place for
the purpose of drying it, the strong draught sucked the paper up the
chimney and it was destroyed. The lad was heart-broken, but the
generous merchant sent him home with the goods he had been
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 263
ordered by his father to purchase, and also the change, and admon-
ished the boy to say nothing of the incident.
James Yorston and the late T. M. Porteous engaged in business
for a short time, then the firm was dissolved by Mr. Porteous' with-
drawal, whereupon our subject was joined by his brother John, and
they continued to conduct the business under the firm name of J. and
J. Yorston, at that time having the finest dry goods store in the
Province.
In 1871 they leased the Marine Railway, having the late Jeffrey
McColl, M. P. P., of Xew Glasgow, as a partner. Previous to that
time the road had not been a paying proposition, but it was success-
ful under the new management. Later, the Yorstons bought out the
interests of Mr. McColl and in 180,1 bought the entire property of.
this company and have since operated the business with success.
They have practically rebuilt the plant, tracks, cradles, etc. They
built the "Orquell", which was named after the old family home in
the Orkneys. She was a full-rigged barque, and made some of the
fastest voyages every made across the Atlantic.
James Yorston was married June 23, 1870, to Mary J. McDonald,
of St. John, New Brunswick, and to their union the following chil-
dren were born: Frederic Yorston, B. A. ( Dalhousie and Harvard),
president of the Montreal Standard Publishing Company, Ltd., Mon-
treal. Mr. Frederic Yorston was educated at the Pictou Academy.
After matriculating in Dalhousie College, Mr. Yorston in his sopho-
more year, took the new Shakespeare Society prize in a contest among
sixty of the best students of the University. He took his arts degree,
graduating with honors in English literature and history. Mr. Yors-
ton was also elected valedictorian for his year. Proceeding to Har-
vard he took his post-graduate degree under Von Jageman in Eng-
lish and Germanic philology. He also had the advantage of taking
lectures at Edinburgh University under the great Milton authority,
Prof. Masson, during a two years' trip abroad. Returning to Can-
ada, he entered Canadian journalism, taking a position on the Mon-
treal Daily Star. In 1901 he accompanied the royal tour through
Canada of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York, now the
King and Queen of England, representing on that journey the Mon-
treal Star, the London Daily Mail and the Associated Press. Mr.
Yorston was subsequently appointed city editor of the Montreal Star
until the Montreal Standard was started, when he took the position
of managing editor and vice-president of the company which he
264 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
filled till his appointment as president. Under his editorship die
Montreal Standard, Canada's national illustrated publication, with
which he is still connected, has built up a circulation of over sixty
thousand (1915). He is an able and versatile writer, and does a
large portion of the editorial work himself for his excellent periodical,
which is rapidly gaining in prestige and influence.
The Canadian Minister of Militia recently stated that no agency
in the Dorainion had done so much to aid the recruiting movement
as the Montreal Standard with its magnificent panoramic illustrations
and its patriotic articles. Mr. Yorston has written a large number
of articles of literary and historical value, among them "The Bells
of Notre Dame", "Mother's Day", "Through Canada for Sport and
Pleasure", etc.
Mr. Yorston is a member of the American University Club, of
London, England ; St. Andrews Society, Montreal ; Thistle Curling
Club, Montreal; Xova Scotia Historical Society; La Societe d'His-
toire Xaturelle Canadienne de Montreal; Citizens Reform Associa-
tion, and other clubs and societies. He is entitled to rank among
Canada's brilliant journalists of the present day.
John Yorston, the second son of James Yorston of this sketch,
died in 1914 at the age of forty-one years; Louis, who attended the
Pictou Academy and later took a course in Mechanical Engineering
at McGill University, Montreal, has been engaged in the electric
engineering business since his graduation from McGill University,
1899, with degree B. S.c. 1899-1900 with I. Matheson & Company,
Ltd., New Glasgow, Novia Scotia. 190x3 in charge of Engineering
Department, designing stationary and marine engines and boilers and
coal handling and gold mining machinery. 1901-1909, with Montreal
Light, Heat & Power Company, drafting; charge of engineering De-
partment; design and personal supervision of all buildings for sub-
stations and power houses, and installation of all apparatus ready to
be handed over to operating department. The installation of boilers,
steam engines, steam turbines, steam piping, condensers, feed heat-
ers, pumps and all auxilliary apparatus. The operation of steam and
hydro electric plants including handling of ice condition. The super-
vision of district steam heating plant and the operation of same for
three years. The supervision of erection of Power Building, includ-
ing heating, electric wiring, elevators, etc. 1909 to date, chief assist-
ant to J. M. Robertson, Ltd., consulting engineers.
Harry is now employed at the Nova Scotia Car Works at New
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 265
Glasgow; William Donald died in 1905; Ada Mildred is at home.
The wife and mother was called to her eternal rest in 1905.
James Yorston has been one of the prominent men of Pictou in a
public way and has done much for the general upbuilding of the
town. He served twelve years in the town council and was mayor for
two terms. He was offered the Liberal nomination for Parliament
on several occasions. For a period of forty-three years he has served
as treasurer of Prince Street Church. In 1866 he was elected a
trustee of the church, which he has served in this capacity for forty-
eight years. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fel-
lows, in which he is past grand master and grand chevalier. He has
been an Odd Fellow for fifty years. He was past grand representa-
tive of the Grand Lodge which met in Baltimore, Maryland.
John Yorston, brother of James, was born at "Orquell", Evie,
Orkney Island, Scotland, September 23, 1843, an( l there he spent his
boyhood and attended school. He came to Nova Scotia in the side
wheel steamer Asia, in 1863, and later associated himself with his
brother James in business at Pictou, where he has since remained.
He was the Liberal candidate for the Provincial and Federal Parlia-
ments. He was appointed registrar of deeds, which position he still
holds, discharging his duties most satisfactorily, having been incum-
bent of this office over twenty years. He was married in 1870 to
Annie Campbell, of Pictou, a daughter of George J. Campbell, repre-
sentative of an old family of Pictou. This wife died without issue.
In 1911 John Yorston's second marriage was celebrated when he was
united to Mrs. Jane Dawson, nee Kirkpatrick, widow of the late R.
Smith Dawson, Esquire.
CHARLES ELLIOTT TANNER, K. C, M. P. P.
Charles Elliott Tanner was born at Pictou, this Province, October
7, 1^57. He is a son of Richard Tanner, Esq., and Janet (Brown)
Tanner. This has long been a highly respected family in Pictou
County. He grew to manhood in his native vicinity and he received
his early education in the public schools of Pictou and Pictou Acad-
emy, and he read law in the office of the late George H. Elliott, of
Pictou, and was admitted to the bar in due time, and he has since
successfully practiced his profession in Pictou, enjoying a large and
growing practice. He was made King's Counsel in 1889. Since
1888 he has been town solicitor and stipendiary magistrate for the
town of Pictou.
266 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Mr. Tanner was married on September 15, 1886, to Alicia May
McDonald, a daughter of Robert McDonald, and to this union the fol-
lowing children have been born : Janet Mary Tanner, who died in
1905, Frederick Inglis Tanner who was on the staff of the
Canadian Bank of Commerce in Saskatchewan, and resigned in the
autumn of 1914 to join the Twenty-fifth Overseas Battalion at Hali-
fax. Lieut. Tanner was wounded in the trenches October 6, 1915..
Politically, Mr. Tanner is a Conservative. He was first elected to
the legislative Assembly in 1894, was defeated in 1897, and re-elected
at a bye-election in 1900, re-elected in 1901, 1906 and 1911 ; resigned
in 1908 at the request of the party convention to contest the federal
election in 1908 and was defeated. He was elected provincial Con-
servative leader in 1911. His record as a legislator is one of which
his family and friends may well be proud.
Religiously, he is a member of the Church of England. For some
time he served faithfully in the Canadian artillery, retiring with
the rank of captain.
DONALD D. MACDONALD.
Donald D. Macdonald was the eldest son of the late Donald Mac-
donald and .Margaret MacLean. Both his parents were born at Bailey's
Brock, Xova Scotia, where his grandfather, Angus Macdonald, R. N.,
was one of the earliest settlers. Angus was a native of Moidart, Scot-
land, who served under Admiral Rodney throughout the American
Revolutionary War, and the French War which terminated with the
great English naval victory of Rodney over the Compte de Grasse off
Dominica in 1782, and which led to the peace of Versailles.
D. D. Macdonald was born at Bailey's Brook, August 29, 1826,
and was educated at the public schools there. He began business at
Bailey's Brook as a general merchant in 1851. The business was
begun in a small way, but soon grew to large proportions. He was
largely interested in fishing and lumbering, and was also associated
throughout his latter years with the late Senator Carmichael, of New
Glasgow, in shipping and shipbuilding.
In politics he, like all the Macdonalds of his family, was a Liberal.
He often referred to himself as "a Liberal of the Joe Howe school,
and an uncompromising free trader". For over half a century he was
the leader of the Liberal party in East Pictou, but though often
pressed to accept a nomination for election to the House of Assembly,
he always refused.
1 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 267
As a young man he served in the Nova Scotia militia, subsequently
rising to the rank of major of the Eighth Pictou County Regiment.
He was a strong supporter of an efficient Canadian militia, and was
always enthusiastic as to the physical benefits of military drill and
training.
In religion, he was a Roman Catholic. He married November 9,
1868, Mary Chisholm, eldest daughter of William Chisholm, Esq., of
St. Andrews, Nova Scotia. He died in February, 1906, his death
being occasioned by an accident through which he sustained a frac-
tured hip and other injuries. He left a large and well-known family,
consisting of six daughters and three sons. Two of his daughters are
religieuses in the Notre Dame Order. Another is Miss Margaret, the
well-known South African nurse, now matron-in-chief of the nurses
sent overseas by the Canadian government. Two of his sons, Captain
Ronald St. John, assistant professor of hygiene, McGill University,
and Captain Donald Duncan, LL. B., are at present serving with the
British expeditionary force in France. The third, Lieut. William C.
barrister, is attached to a battery of siege artillery in Halifax for
overseas service.
DONALD MAcLENNAN.
It was the great philosopher Bacon who admonished us thus :
"Read not to contradict and confute, nor to believe and take for
granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider''.
Whether Donald MacLennan. well-known barrister and member of
Provincial Parliament from Port Hood, Inverness County, was made
acquainted with the above advice when a boy or not, he has always
followed the proper course in his wide miscellaneous reading, believing
with Benjamin Franklin that "reading makes a wise man," although
our subject does not claim to be such. However, those who know him
well have observed that he is well informed and is a close observer
of everything that is going on about him. His honored father was
also such a man and evidently transmitted to his son many of his
commendable Caledonian characteristics.
Mr. MacLennan was born March 22. 1875, at Margaree, Nova
Scotia, and is a son of Donald and Flora (MacDonald) MacLennan,
both Scotch. He was educated in the common schools and at St.
Frances Xavier College, Antigonish. He studied law and received the
degree of Bachelor of Laws in the year 1905 from Dalhousie Univer-
sity. On April 24, 1905, he married Mathilda McDaniel, a daughter
268 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
of William McDaniel, of Newton, Massachusetts, and to this union
four children have been born, namely: Mary E., Florence, Agnes and
Frances.
Mr. MacLennan was admitted to the bar in the year 1906, and has
been practicing his profession at Port Hood ever since with success,
occupying a position in the front ranks of the bar of Inverness county.
He is also president of the Eastern Journal Publishing Company,
Limited, of Hawksbury, Inverness County, which business under his
able management has brought very satisfactory results. He became
treasurer of the County of Inverness in 1910 and still holds this posi-
tion. He was first elected to the Legislative Assembly at the general
election in 1911 and is still incumbent of this office, the duties of
which he has discharged in a highly acceptable and commendable man-
ner. Politically, he is a Liberal and is active in his party. He is a
Roman Catholic.
SMITH ASA NICKERSON.
By doing his work conscientiously and well and at the same time
being alert for an opportunity to support and encourage every move-
ment that would be of benefit to his community in a material, moral
and civic way, Smith Asa Xickerson, of Clark's Harbor, Shelburne
County, has won a high position as a citizen in his town and county
and is deserving of the success and the esteem that now are his.
Mr. Xickerson was born at Clark's Harbor, Nova Scotia, July 16,
1860. He is a son of Asa McGray Nickerson and Melissa (Newell)
Nickerson. He received his education in the public schools, and he
has for a number of years followed the work of a lobster packer, in
which he is an expert. He has been making his home at Clark's Har-
bor, Shelburne County, for a number of years.
Mr. Nickerson was married on December 22, 1882, to Hannah B.
Nickerson, a daughter of Ephraim Nickerson and wife, of Clark's
Harbor, this Province. To our subject and wife thirteen children have
been born, named as follows : Selina E. is the wife of Charles Nicker-
son; Seretha N. is the wife of John J. While; Julia D. is the wife of
Bryant Newell ; Eugene A., M. Gladstone, Matilda A., Harold S.,
Evangeline M., Helen F., Arthur S., Charibel M., Stella A. and John
T. R.
Politically, Mr. Nickerson is a Liberal and he has been active in
the affairs of his party for some time. He sat in the Municipal Coun-
cil at Barrington from 1893 to 1900, both years, inclusive, and at the
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 269
general election in 1911 he was elected to the Legislative Assembly
and is still serving in that capacity, discharging his duties in this im-
portant office in a manner that has won the favorable comment of all
concerned. He has ever been on the lookout for opportunities to be
of service to his district in any way. While not a man of high' educa-
tion, he has read extensively during spare hours at home, and is well
informed on current topics.
ROBERT EDWARD HARRIS.
The Honorable Mr. Justice Harris was for many years one of the
leading members of the Halifax bar. He infused his personality,
courage and conscience into his work and was active at his books
during every spare moment. A man of tireless energy and indomit-
able zeal, he has won and held the unqualified esteem of his fellow men
by his uniform integrity and fairness, impressing all with whom he
comes in contact. With the law as his profession from early man-
hood, he has won a brilliant reputation and the future gives promise
of much greater things for him.
Mr. Justice Harris was born at Annapolis Royal, Annapolis County,
Nova Scotia, August 18, 1860. He is a son of Robert J. and Rebecca
(Ditmars) Harris. He grew to manhood in his native community
and received his early education under private tutors and in Anna-
polis Academy. King's College (conferred the honorary degree of
Doctor of Civil Law on him in 1905. He studied law with Hon. J. M.
Owen at Annapolis and with the late Rt. Hon. Sir John S. D. Thomp-
son and Hon. Mr. Justice Graham. He was admitted to the bar in
1881, having passed his final examinations at the head of his class.
He enjoyed a large and lucrative practice up to the time of his ap-
pointment to the bench, being retained in many important cases. In
1890 he was appointed King's Counsel (Earl of Derby), being then
under thirty years of age and one of the youngest barristers ever ap-
pointed to that distinguished office in Canada. He became a member
of the Council of the Nova Scotia Barristers' Society in 1896, was
made vice-president of the same in 1905, and president in 1907. He
was engaged in the practice of his profession at Yarmouth until 1892,
when he removed to Halifax and became a member of the firm of
Henry, Harris & Henry, one of the leading legal firms of the Province.
By the election of Hon. H. McD. Henry to the Supreme Court shortly
after Mr. Harris became head of the firm a position which he occu-
pied until he was elevated to the Bench. He was appointed a judge
270 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia in 1915, and he is discharging
his duties in this high and important position in a manner that reflects
much credit upon himself and to the eminent satisfaction of all con-
cerned. He came to the bench well qualified for his duties, having
ever been a close student of all that pertains to his profession in all
its phases.
Air. Justice Harris was also very successful in a business way, and
was for many years a director in the following concerns : Eastern
Trust Company, Trinadad Electric Company, Demarara Electric Com-
pany, Camaguey Electric Company, Porto Rico Railways, Brandram-
Henderson, Ltd., Acadia Sugar Refinery Company, Bank of Nova
Scotia and other companies. He was also for ten years president of
the Xova Scotia Steel & Coal Company, and of the Eastern Trust
Company and was regarded as one of the leading business men of
Canada. He resigned all offices held by him upon his appointment as
a judge of the Supreme Court of Xova Scotia.
Mr. Justice Harris was married in June, 1883, to Minnie L. Hors-
fall, a daughter of James Horsfall, a prominent old family of Anna-
polis Royal.
Politically, he is a Liberal-Conservative, but he never took a very
active part in political matters and always declined to accept a nom-
ination for a seat in the House of Commons although frequently
pressed to do so.
In religion, he is an Episcopalian and has been a member of the
Diocesan Synod of Nova Scotia for more than twenty-five years. He
is chancellor of the Diocese of Nova Scotia. He is a director of the
School for the Blind and was recently appointed a member of the
commission for securing employment for soldiers returning from the
war.
CAPT. K. A. MACKENZIE, M. D.
Of the many professional men produced by Pictou County, who
have made their influence felt in the numerous localities to which they
have dispersed, none, especially in the medical profession, is more
worthy of specific mention in a work of the nature of the one in hand
than Capt. K. A. Mackenzie, one of the well known of the younger
physicians of Halifax.
Dr. Mackenzie was born in Pictou, Nova Scotia, on August 3,
1880, and he is a son of Edward and Annie Mackenzie, natives of
Carriboo, Pictou County.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 271
Dr. Mackenzie grew to manhood in his native community, and
received his early education in the public schools and the far-famed
Pictou Academy. He then entered the medical department of Dal-
housie University, Halifax, and was graduated therefrom in 1903,
with the degree of Doctor of Medicine and Master of Surgery, having
made an excellent record for scholarship. He at once began the prac-
tice of his profession, in which he was successful from the first, and
as the years went by built up a large and lucrative connection. In 1915
he was appointed a member of the Dalhousie Unit, No. 7, Overseas
Stationary Hospital, for service with the Canadian troops in the Euro-
pean war. He had for some time been a successful lecturer on medi-
cine at his Alma Mater, and he was obliged to give up his extensive
practice in Halifax at the call of his country, but did so without regret,
being a man of true patriotism.
Politically, he is a Conservative, and he belongs to the Forresters.
He is president of Halifax Medical Society 1915.
Dr. Macknezie was married in 1906 to Christine Morrison, only
duaghter of the late Dr. D. X. Morrison, of Sydney, Xova Scotia.
ROBERT DRUMMOXD.
One of the popular journalists and legislators of Xova Scotia who
is making his influence felt for the common good is Robert Drum-
mond, of Stellarton, Pictou County. He belongs to that class of citi-
zens whose lives do not show any meteoric effects, but who by their
support of the moral, political and social status for the general amel-
ioration of his fellow men, promote the real welfare of their respect-
ive communities. He takes an abiding interest in the progress and
improvement of trade schools, workmen's dwellings, safety appliances;
in fact, in all matters pertaining to the material, moral and social
advancement of Nova Scotia's large mining population.
Mr. Drummond was born on October 29, 1840. He is of Scottish
origin, and is a son of Robert and Elizabeth Drummond, natives of
Greenock, Scotland. He received his education in Greenock, Scot-
land, and remained in his native land until the year 1864, when he
immigrated to Canada, locating first in Cape Breton, for a short time
in Pictou County, subsequently in Springhill, and since 1882 in Stellar-
ton.
In 1880 he started in Springhill The Trades Journal, continued
its publication on his removal to Stellarton until 1898, when he began
publication of the Maritime Mining Record, of which he is editor and
272
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
proprietor. He has made this one of the most reliable newspapers of
its type in the Maritime Provinces. He is not only a versatile and
forceful writer, but is a man of sound judgment and good business
principles. For about nineteen years he was secretary of the Provin-
cial Workmen's Association, which he founded, and which has accom-
plished much in the way of advanced legislation for the workingmen
of the Province. He is a councillor of the Nova Scotia Mining Society.
He was royal commissioner of the Nova Scotia Stationary Engineers
in 1906, and also royal commissioner in the interest of Old Age Pen-
sions in 1907. He was called to the Legislative Council of Nova
Scotia in 1891. Politically, he was until 1911, a Liberal and
through his paper and his individual work was long one of the most
influential workers in that party in Pictou County. As a public ser-
vant lie has discharged his duties ably, honorably and commendably.
Mr. Drummond was married in 1871 to Mary Alexander, a daugh-
ter of Captain Alexander and wife, of Greenock, Scotland.
THE MOST REVEREND EDWARD JOSEPH McCARTHY.
It is indeed hard to find among our cosmopolitan civilization people
of better habits of life, taking it all in all, than those who originally
came from the fair Emerald Isle or their immediate descendants. They
are distinguished for their thrift, wit, consecutive industry, patriotism,
loyalty; and these qualities in the inhabitants of any country will in the
end alone make that country great. One of the best known men in
the Roman Catholic church in Nova Scotia, Archbishop Edward Jos-
eph McCarthy, of Halifax, is a man of Celtic blood, and is of fine
literary and scholastic tastes; a scholarly man and an eloquent and
forcible preacher ; likewise a clever business man, and a man of toler-
ance and diplomacy.
He was born in Halifax, January 25, 1850, and is a son of Patrick
and Margaret McCarthy, each of Irish origin. He grew to manhood
in his native city and was educated here in St. Mary's College, later
attending the Grand Seminary, Montreal. He was given the honorary
degree of Doctor of Laws in 1905 by St. Francis Xavier College,
Antingonish. He was ordained in 1874, and was at Kentville three
years with the late Father Holden and from there went to Yarmouth.
He was called to Halifax to succeed the late Monsignor Chermode as
pastor of St. Patrick's parish and after spending some years at St.
Partick's he was appointed rector of St. Mary's Cathedral, Halifax,
after the death of the late Right Rev. Monsignor Murphy. He has
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HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 273
been Archbishop of Halifax since September 9, 1906, and has per-
formed his duties in an able and praiseworthy manner. He is presi-
dent of the Nova Scotia League for the Protection of the Feeble
Minded. He is vice-president of the local branch of the British Em-
pire League. He was state chaplain of the Knights of Columbus in
the Maritime Provinces in 1907. He cordially supported and took
part in the movement for the presentation of a testimonial to the late
King Edward from the people of Nova Scotia in 1908. He attended
the Plenary Council at Quebec in 1909, and the Eucharistic Congress
at Montreal in 1910. It has been truthfully said of him that he is a
man of remarkable talents and of great tact and good judgment; well
liked by everybody.
THOMAS LEYDON.
Why the human heart was not made to look with more tolerance
upon the ravages of the so-called King of Terorrs \ve cannot say, for
"seeing that death, a necessary end, will come when it will come." as
wrote the greatest of poets, it would seem that we should regard it
rather as the friend of storm-tossed humanity than as an enemy. The
late Thomas Leydon, for many years a well-known business man of
Halifax, and later Registrar of Deeds for the City and County of
Halifax, was greatly missed and truly mourned when he was called
away from earthly scenes.
Mr. Leydon was born at Bay-field, Antigonish Count)*, Nova Sco-
tia, February 17, 1840, and was a son of Patrick and Sarah (Con-
nors) Leydon. The father was a native of Boyle, Roscommon County,
Province of Connaught, Ireland, from which country he came to Nova
Scotia when young and here married and established his future home.
The mother of our subject was a native of Little River, County of
Sydney, now Bayfield, County of Antigonish, this Province. These
parents have both been long deceased. She was a descendant of a
United Empire Loyalist family who came to Nova Scotia from Con-
necticut, United States of America, and it is said left valuable prop-
erty in their native place, rather than live under the Stars and Stripes.
Thomas Leydon was educated in St. Francis Xavier College, An--
tigonish, then came to Halifax, where he entered the employ of the
William Ellis Company, later becoming associated with the Walter
Barren Company, whom he succeeded (when Walter Barron was lost
with other Halifax merchants in the ill-fated S. S. City of Boston,
(18)
274 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
en route to England), and organized the firm of Leydon & Mclntosh,
merchant tailors, who carried on business in Granville street for a
number of years. In September, 1912, he was appointed Registrar of
Deeds, which office he held until his death, which occurred suddenly
on July 10, 1915, at the age of seventy-five years. He had discharged
the duties of the same faithfully and acceptably, and as a business
man he was reasonably successful.
Politically, Mr. Leydon was a Liberal. He was a memljer of the
Board of Commissioners for the City of Halifax school from 1896
to 1899. He was appointed a justice of the peace for the City and
County of Halifax on the 8th of January, 1890. Religiously, he was
a Roman Catholic.
Air. Leydon was twice married, first, to a Miss Parker, who died
many years ago, leaving two children Walter, who died in his twen-
ties; and Mary F., who is living in Halifax, is the wife of J. A. Doyle.
His second marriage occurred November 22, 1881, to Mary Elizabeth
Holden, a daughter of Patrick and Mary (Fox) Holden, the father a
native of Ireland and the mother of Halifax. Mr. Holden came to
Nova Scotia from his native land when young and spent his later life
in Nova Scotia. Three children were born of our subject's second
marriage, namely: Helena, whose birth occurred in 1882, is deceased;
Thomas F., born June 2, 1884, lives in Halifax, and is connected with
the road commissioner's office : and John J., who was born February
22, 1886, is city passenger agent of the Intercolonial Railway at
Halifax.
Mr. Leydon was one of the test-known and most highly respected
officials in Halifax. He was a man of strictest integrity, ever kindly
and courteous to all, and had a host of friends.
JOHN ERNEST FURNESS.
One of the progressive twentieth century business men and enter-
prising citizens of Halifax is John Ernest Furness, manager and
director of Furness, Withy & Company, Limited, steamship owners
and brokers. He was born in Sweden, March 2, 1878, and is a son
of Stephen and Mary Furness, of West Hartlepool, England.' He
grew to manhood in Sweden and there received his education in the
public schools of Carlsharnn, and Lund University. He began his
business career by accepting a position with the firm of Furness, Withy
& Company, West Hartlepool, where he remained two years, then spent
six years in the London office of this firm, obtaining excellent exper-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 275
ience in various departments, his rise being rapid owing to his close
application, innate ability and trustworthiness, and he was at the head
of the freight department when he left London for Halifax
in 1904, to take a position as assistant manager. He was appointed
to his present position in 1905. He is a trustee of the Furness Sea-
mens' Fund, and a director of the Sailors' Home. He was married
September 30, 1909, to Emma Louise Pearce, a daughter of William
Pearce, of Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. To this union two sons have
been born, namely : Harry and Ernest. He is a member of the
Halifax Club, City Club, the Royal Nova Scotia Yacht Squadron,
the Wanderers and the Waegwoltic, of Halifax; also the National
Liberal Club of London, England, and the Society of St. George's.
For recreation he is enthusiastic about yachting, fishing, and shoot-
ing. Politically, he is an Independent-Liberal. He is a member of
the Episcopal church.
FREDERIC HENRY SEXTOX.
One d'f X T ova Scotia's efficient and successful educationists and
mining engineers is Frederic Henry Sexton, of Halifax, a man who
takes high rank as an instructor and an expert in scientific research.
His influence has always been on the side of progress, improvement
and advancement. He is a dependable man under any condition and
in every emergency. His quietude of deportment, his easy dignity,
his frankness and cordiality of address, with the total absence of any
self-seeking designs, foretoken a man who is ready to meet any obli-
gation of life with the confidence and courage that come of conscious
personal ability, right thinking, and clean living. No man has done
more for the cause of technical education in this Province.
Mr. Sexton was born at New Boston, New Hampshire, June 9,
1879, and is a son of William H. and Clara E. Sexton, natives of
Massachusets, U. S. A. When young his parents removed with him
to Billerica, Massachusetts, and he received his education in the Howe
high school and at the Cambridge English high school. He entered the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology at Boston, where he studied for
some time, specializing in mining engineering and graduating with the
degree of S. B. in 1901.
Mr. Sexton was married in June, 1904, to Miss E. M. W. Best,
of Dorchester, New Brunswick, a graduate in Chemistry of the Massa-
chusetts Institute of Technology in 1902. Two children have been
born of the union, Whitney G. in 1906, and Helen R. in 1908.
276 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
He became assistant to the professor in Metallurgy in the Massa-
chusetts Institute of Technology in 1902, then accepted a position as
research metallurgist with the General Electric Company, of Schenec-
tady, New York. Later he came to Nova Scotia and accepted a posi-
tion as assistant professor of Metallurgy and Mining Engineering at
Dalhotisie College, Halifax, which position he held from 1904-1907.
Since then he has been principal of the Nova Scotia Technical College
at Halifax, and director of Technical Education of Nova Scotia. He
has performed his duties in his present responsible position in a most;
commendable manner, developing an adequate system of technical edu-
cation from its very beginning and placing the Technical College on a
splendid basis of thoroughness and efficiency, until it now ranks with
the best of its kind in Canada.
Mr. Sexton has had a varied industrial experience in mining engi-
neering, metallurgy, and education. In his youth and while in college
be gained an intimate knowledge of a number of vocations by practical
experience. He has actually worked in the following trades for ex-
tended periods : farming, blacksmithing, wheel-wrighting, electrical
wiring, carpentry, plumbing and chemical analyst. This broad exper-
ience has enabled Mr. Sexton to personally plan, inspect, and equip
the buildings and laboratories of the Technical College in such an ade-
quate practical manner for the modest sum which has been expended
for this purpose. The same breadth of activity has given Mr. Sexton
the ability to know the actual needs of the industrial workers of Nova
Scotia and to personally plan the educational courses so that they would
secure the interest of the workmen and also give them the technical
knowledge they were seeking. He has had a number of tempting
invitations into industrial life, but refused because he has a great
underlying impulse of helping other people and believed he could
gratify this best in educational life. He has also been offered more
lucrative positions in education outside of Nova Scotia, but also re-
fused them because he had become so attached to the Province and
was so keenly interested in placing the system of technical education
on a sound basis of efficiency for its future development.
Mr. Sexton has been identified with many good movements and
organizations in the Province. He is a member of the executive of the
following societies : Nova Scotia Institute of Science, Nova Scotia
Society of Engineers, Greater Halifax Conference, Civic Improvement
League, Khaki Club. He is a member of the Nova Scotia Water
Powers Commission, Returned Soldiers Employment Committee, Hali-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 277
fax Board of Trade, Canadian Alining Institute, Halifax Rotary
Club, and many educational societies. He is a past president of the
Nova Scotia Mining Society. He was closely interested in and par-
tially responsible for the plan adopted by the Military Hospitals
Commission for the employment and re-education of returned dis-
abled soldiers.
Mr. Sexton is a writer of no mean ability and has produced many
articles for newspapers, magazines, and the journals of technical so-
cieties. Under the pressing need existing for texts in practical subjects
for technical instruction, he prepared three books for use in Xova
Scotia, viz: "Practical English Com]xxsition," "Elements of Xova
Scotian Geology for Coal Miners," "Mathematics for Coal Miners."
He has written many long and short articles for various publications
and has also given many public addresses on the following subjects :
"Garden Suburbs," "Town-planning" "Economic Value of Technical
Education," "Modern Apprenticeship Systems," "Annealing of Steel
Castings," "The Business of Mining," "Modern Systems of Education
for Business and Commerce," "Eoreign Methods of Education for
Textile Workers," "Industrial Education for Miners," "Employment
and Educaion of Returned Soldiers," etc., etc.
JOHN COSTLEY.
For many years the late John Costley was a prominent and inrluen-
tial citizen of Halifax, and his memory will long be cherished by the
people of Nova Scotia. He was born in Rutherglan, Scotland, in
1819. There he spent his boyhood, and in 1848 he came to Halifax
to take a position as head master of an academy under the auspices of
the Old Kirk of Scotland. A few years later he taught in Dalhousie
College. In the fall of 1854 he went to Charlottetown, Prince Ed-
ward Island, where he spent a year teaching. He became principal of
Pictou Academy in the fall of 1855. In 1865 Mr. Costley was
solicited by Sir Charles Tupper, who was then Provincial secretary, to
take upon himself the office of registrar of births, deaths and mar-
riages, which he accepted, and removed to Halifax at once. Owing to
his pre-eminent qualifications as a statistician, he brought the office to
the highest state of perfection. The attention of the Dominion gov-
ernment was called to his superior ability in this line, and in 1870 he
was invited to Ottawa by the minister of agriculture to assist his
deputy, Dr. Tache, in the preparation of the schedules for taking the
census of that year. After it was taken, Mr. Costley went again to
2/8 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Ottawa to aid in tabulating the returns. So well and intelligently did
he perform his work that he was subsequently offered the position of
secretary to the agricultural department, but he declined. At the for-
mation of the Holmes-Thompson government he was solicited to
accept the position of deputy secretary, which he did, holding the office
four years to the eminent satisfaction of all concerned.
Mr. Costley was of a decided literary bent, and before he came to
Nova Scotia he published a work in Scotland under the title of "Tales
of the Highlands," which was well received by the reading public.
For ten years he contributed to the Evening Express, and during the
time that he occupied the editorial chair he raised the standard of that
paper very appreciably. He was a clear, forceful and logical writer,
his articles being more like essays than editorials. When the Halifax
Herald was founded he became editor, but later resigned owing to ill
health. He also was editor for a number of years of the Record, a
monthly periodical of the Church of Scotland.
Mr. Costley was a prominent church worker. He was held in the
highest esteem by members of denominations other than his own, and
possessed the friendship of the late Archbishop Connoly and the late
Archbishop Hannan. Modest and retiring he did not mingle a great
deal in society. As a teacher he was conscientious and painstaking;
as a public servant be was faithful and efficient, and in private life he
was greatly beloved. He was called to his eternal rest. July 2, 1890.
At his death he left a wife, whose maiden name was Charlotte Miner,
and one son, Alfred Costley.
LIEUT.-COL. JOSEPH HAYES, M. D.
In the list of Nova Scotia's honored professional men and repre-
sentative citizens is Lieut. -Col. Joseph Hayes, formerly of Spring-
hill, Cumberland County. For the past six years he has resided in
Halifax, where he has filled a prominent place in the public life of
the Province and city. In his career there is much that is commend-
able, and his life forcibly illustrates what one can accomplish even in
the face of obstacles, if one's plans are wisely laid and one's actions
governed by right principles, noble aims and high ideals.
Colonel Hayes was born at Wingate, Durham County, England,
March 23, 1864. His parents were James and Mary Jane (Patter-
son) Hayes, who removed to the United States when our subject
was a child, remaining there eight years.
Our subject received his early eudcation in the public schools of
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 279
Durham, England, and again returned to Canada in 1877, continu-
ing his education at Sackville University, where he took special
courses in the years 1884-5. I" tne fall of 1885 he entered the
University of Pennsylvania to study medicine, and was graduated
from that institution May i, 1888, with honors and the degree of
Doctor of Medicine. Returning to Nova Scotia he began the prac-
tice of his profession at Springhill, Cumterland County, where he
remained until the year 1898, when he removed to Parrsboro, where
he enjoyed an extensive practice for ten years. A serious illness at
this time compelled him to abandon the active pursuits of a trying
profession for a time.
The reputation which he had already gained as an able and
energetic man of affairs led to his being called upon to organize the
Liberal-Conservative party of Xova Scotia both federal and local.
Here many opportunities were afforded for the display of his great
tact and splendid executive capacity. He has the reputation of being
one of the most methodical of men, which probably accounts for the
prodigious amount of work he is able to accomplish in a very short
time. His axiom in life is "It is the sum total of little things that
counts for success."
Colonel Hayes was married December n. 1888, to Maria Pippy,
a daughter of George Pippy, of St. John's, Newfoundland. To this
union the following children have been born : William Errol. Tames
Bertram, Winnie A., George Percival (deceased), Frederick Ronald.
On February 6, 1893, Doctor Hayes was appointed medical
officer of the Ninety-third Regiment, Cumberland Infantry, with a
commission of major. He was gazetted a lieutenant-colonel on Sep-
tember 17, 1905. Thus at the outbreak of ''the great war" he had
twenty-two years of service in the active militia of Canada. He
immediately telegraphed Ottawa for an appointment but owing to the
imminence of an election he was persuaded to postpone his enlist-
ment, which he reluctantly did. On the announcement in July, 1915,
that Lieut. -Col. A. H. Borden was authorized to raise a regiment for
the front he threw all other considerations to the winds and imme-
diately applied to Colonel Borden for the appointment of surgeon to
his battalion, antl was gladly accepted. At the time of writing Colonel
Hayes is doing service with the Eighty-fifth Overseas Battalion,
"Nova Scotia Highlanders," in training for the front.
The Colonel is a past master of the Masonic Order and a past
Grand of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows; he also belongs
280 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
to the Cumberland County Medical Society, the Halifax County
Medical Society and the Maritime Provinces Medical Association.
He was for four years medical superintendent of All Saints Hospi-
tal, Springhill. In religion he is an active member of the Methodist
church.
JOSEPH ALEXANDER GILLIES, K. C.
One of the best known barristers and public men of Cape Breton
is Joseph Alexander Gillies, K. C., who began practicing law forty
years ago, and he met with continued success, keeping well abreast of
the times in his profession. Concerning the sincerity of purpose, the
unquestioned probity and uprightness of conduct and character, the
ability and honesty of Mr. Gillies, it may be said, they are as well
known and recognized as his name.
Mr. Gillies was born at Irish Cove, Cape Breton, September 17,
1849, and is a son of John and Mary Isabella (MacLean) Gillies.
The father was born in Inverness-shire. Scotland, in 1805; and the
mother was born in Coll, Argylshire, Scotland, in 1812.
Mr. Gillies was reared to manhood in Cape Breton, where his
parents settled after coming to Nova Scotia from their native land in
an early day. He received his education in St. Francis Xavier Col-
lege, Antigonish, from which institution he was graduated with the
degree of Master of Arts in 1871.
He was registrar of probate for the County of Cape Breton from
July, 1872, to February, 1887, when he resigned to contest the fed-
eral election in that year. He studied law and was admitted to the
bar of Nova Scotia in August, 1875, and altered upon the practice
of his profession as co-partner of the late Murray Dodd, afterwards
Judge Dodd, under the firm name of Dodd & Gillies. He soon took
his position in the front ranks of the bar in his locality and enjoyed
a large clientele. He was appointed King's Counsel by Lord Aber-
deen in Septemljer, 1895. He was solicitor of the Municipality of
Cape Breton County for many years. He was returned to Parlia-
ment for the County of Richmond at the general election of 1891.
He was unseated upon petition, and returned at a bye-election in
January, 1892. He was again returned at the general election in
1896. He was defeated at the general election in 1900, and in 1904.
He was an unsuccessful candidate at the last general election in 1911
for the same county. He was registrar of probate for Cape Breton
County from 1872 to 1887, when he resigned. He was solicitor for
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 28l
the Municipality for a number of years, also clerk of the peace and
clerk of the Municipality.
Mr. Gillies was married July 16, 1883, to Josephine Eulalie Ber-
trand, a daughter of Seraphim and Maria (Constantine) Bertrand,
of Prescott, Ontario. To this union two children were born, namely:
John J. Gillies and Francis Edwin Gillies; the latter is deceased.
Politically, Mr. Gillies is a strong protectionist and therefore
supports the Conservative ticket. He is a Catholic in his church
affiliations. Fraternally, he is a member of the Catholic Mutual
Benefit Association and the Knights of Columbus. He belongs to
the Cape Breton Barristers' Association, of which he was president
for several years, the Xova Scotia Barristers' Society, the Knights
of Columbus Club of Sydney, and the Royal Cape Breton Yacht Club.
COLIN MACKENZIE.
The good lawyer is the conservator of order in every community.
He obeys the law and is the instrument to compel obedience on the
part of others. The relation between himself and his client makes
him the confidential advisor and the repository of the secrets of his
client. It is his duty to be true to his clients, and no class of men
stand higher and truer to their integrity in this respect than lawyers.
One of the honorable and successful lawyers of the Nova Scotia liar
is Colin MacKenzie, of Sydney, Cape Breton. He was born at Red
Islands, Richmond County, this Province, February 2, 1882, and is
a son of Michael J. and Ann (Macdonald) MacKenzie, both natives
of Richmond County, the father born at Red Islands, and the mother
at Soldiers Cove.
Mr. MacKenzie grew to manhood in his native locality, and was
educated at St. Francis Xavier College, Antigonish. from which he
was graduated from the arts course. He then studied law and was
graduated from the law department of Dalhousie University, Hali-
fax, after a very creditable career as a student. He was admitted
to the Nova Scotia bar in 1910, and soon thereafter began the prac-
tice of his profession in Sydney, where he has remained to the pres-
ent time and is building up a very extensive and lucrative clientage.
He was a member of the firm of Crowe & MacKenzie during 1910
and 1911, then practiced alone until 1915. when he formed a part-
nership with two other leading lawyers of Cape Breton, under the
firm name of Burchell, Maclntyre & MacKenzie. He has taken an
active interest in public affairs, and was elected alderman of the city
282 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
of Sydney in 1913. Politically, he is a Liberal. He is secretary and
treasurer for the County of Cape Breton. Socially, he is a member
of the Royal Cape Breton Yacht Club, the Sydney Curling Club, and
the Knights of Columbus. Religiously, he is a Catholic. He is
unmarried.
D. M. CURRY.
Though no land is richer in opportunities or offers greater ad-
vantages to its citizens than Nova Scotia, success is not to be attained
through desire alone, but must be persistently sought. In this coun-
try "labor is king," and the man who resolutely sets to work to ac-
complish a given purpose is certain of success if he has but the
qualities of perseverance, untiring energy and practical common
sense. D. M. Curry, the present county clerk of Sydney, Cape Bret-
on, and formerly justice of the peace there, has attained definite suc-
cess through his diligence and perseverance.
.Mr. Curry was born at Shunacadie, Cape Breton, April 22, 1848.
His parents were James and Mary (McPhee) Curry. He received
his education in the public schools and at Sydney Academy, after
which he was employed as salesman, and afterwards accountant in
Sydney and Reserve Mines, for a number of years. He was ap-
pointed a justice of the peace for Cape Breton County in December,
1891, and he discharged the duties of this office in a very acceptable
manner. He lias long taken an active interest in temperance work
and more than twenty years ago became president of the Sydney
League of the Cross, Total Abstinence Society, and was first presi-
dent of the Grand Council of the League of the Cross in Cape Breton
County, and was also financial secretary of Branch 189, Catholic
Mutual Benefit Association, and became president, representative to
the Grand Council of the C. M. B. and Grand Deputy. In religion
he is a Roman Catholic, and a member of Sacred Heart Church of
which he is Senior Warden at Sydney. He was elected county clerk
of Cape Breton County in May, 1899, and this position he still holds,
discharging his duties in an able, faithful and acceptable manner.
Mr. Curry was married, November 28, 1872, to Cassie Downing,
of Sydney, Cape Breton, where she grew to womanhood and was
educated. She is a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. D. Downing. To the
union of Mr. Curry and wife the following children have been born:
James J., now city clerk and treasurer, Sydney and Mary A., at home.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 283
HARRY HAM WICKWIRE, B. A., LL. B., K. C.
In every age of the world's hitsory, the lawyers have been the
defenders of civil liberty against tyranny and oppression. All the
reforms for freedom and equality have been carried forward by them
as leaders. It has ever been their mission to promote and maintain
right and justice among men. No higher object in human life than
this can animate the patriot and philanthropist. One of the successful
and well known members of this class of the world's workers in
Kings County is Harry Ham Wickwire. of Kentville.
He was born in Canning, Kings County. June 21, 1868. and is. a
son of J. L. and Annie (Lawton) Wickwire. He is descended from
United Empire Loyalist stock. His father was born in Canning,
Nova Scotia, and his mother in St. John, Xew Brunswick. Peter
Wickwire, the grandfather, was also a native of Canning, and his
wife, Eliza Rockwell, was born in Cornwallis. Silas Wickwire, the
great grandfather, was born in Canning. His father, Peter Wick-
wire, was a native of New London, Connecticut; he was a son of
Peter Wickwire, Sr., who was a son of John Wickwire, a native of
England, from which country he came to America in the old Colonial
days. The great-great grandfather of the subject of this sketch came
to Nova Scotia in pioneer times, received a grant of land at Corn-
wallis and there followed farming, his descendants continuing agri-
cultural pursuits there. The father of our subject remained on the
home farm until he was thirty years old, then turned his attention
to ship building at Scots Bay. in partnership with Steven Sheffield,
under the firm name of Sheffield & Wickwire, which continued for
a number of years, during which they built several ships for the
foreign trade. The father also took an active part in local military
affairs and was a colonel in the Nova Scotia Militia. He was a can-
didate for the House of Commons in 1873. His death occurred at
Canning in 1891 at the age of fifty-eight years.
Harry H. Wickwire grew to manhood in his native locality and
he received his education in the public schools and at Acadia College,
from which he was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts,
then entered the law department of Dalhousie University, from
which he was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Laws in
1896. He was admitted to the bar soon thereafter and began the
practice of his profession in Kentville where he has since remained,
enjoying a large and satisfactory practice, ranking among the leaders
284 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
of the bar in Kings County. He is a director of the Kentville Elec-
tric Light & Power Company.
Mr. Wickvvire was married on June 27, 1894, to Sarah J. Lovitt,
a daughter of James J. Lovitt, of Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, and to
this union the following children have been born : Emily L. was
graduated from Westminister College, Toronto; Alice L. took the
arts course at Dalhousie University; Eleanor B. attended Mt. Allison
Ladies' College; Harry P., and William N. A. are both attending
school at this writing.
Politically, Mr. Wickwire is a Lil>eral and he has long been one
of the leaders of his party in Kings County. He was mayor of
Kentville from 1910 to 1912, inclusive, during which period he did
much for the advancement of the town. He was elected to the Xova
Scotia Legislative Assembly in 1894, 1897 anc ' again in 1911, but
was defeated for this office in 190/1. He was elected at a bye-election,
by acclamation in 1911, and re-elected at the general election of that
year. He has served the people in an able and satisfactory manner.
He is a member of the Church of England. He is a commanding
officer (major). No. 8, Company C, A. S. C.
ARCHIBALD A. McINTYRE.
One of the leaders of the bar at Sydney is Archibald A. Mcln-
tyre, who was born at Eraser's Grant, Antigonish County, Nova
Scotia, August 15, 1873. He is a son of Archibald and Mary
(Cameron) Mclntyre. The father was born at Heatherton, Anti-
gonish County, in 1838, and is still living at Eraser's Grant; the
mother was born at Marydale, Antigonish County, in 1840, and her
death occurred in 1911.
Mr. Mclntyre, of this review, received his education in the public
schools and St. Francis Xavier College at Antigonish, from which
institution he was graduated in 1890, after which he taught school
for a few years, then entered the law department of Dalhousie Uni-
versity, from which he was graduated in 1899, with the degree of
Bachelor of Laws. Soon thereafter he was admitted to the bar,
and he began the practice of his profession at Antigonish with Sena-
tor Girrior, for two years, then came to Sydney and joined the firm
of Crowe & Burchell in 1901. The following year the firm of
Burchell & Mclntyre was formed and this partnership has continued
to the present time, with the addition of a third member, the style
of the firm now being Burchell, Mclntyre & MacKenzie.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 285
Mr. Mclntyre was married October 30, 1906, to Isabel Chisholm,
a daughter of Roderick and Catherine (Campbell) Chisholm, of
Antigonish. To this union two children have been born, namely:
Frank Archibald, whose birth occurred April 14, 1908; and Roder-
ick Roland, born January 26, 1913.
Politically, Mr. Mclntyre is a Conservative. He has been an
alderman in Sydney for the past six years. He is a Roman Catho-
lic and is a member of the Knights of Columbus and also the Royal
Cape Breton Yacht Club.
MAJOR \YALTER CRO\YE.
The name of Major Walter Crowe needs no introduction to the
people of Sydney, for he has long ranked among the leaders of the
professional circles of that section of the Province, and he is in every
way deserving of the large success that he has attained in profes-
sional and business circles.
Mr. Crowe was born in Truro, Xova Scotia, December 2, 1861,
and is a son of Charles F. and Margaret Crowe. He grew to man-
hood in his native community and received his early education in the
Truro High School, later he entered the law department of Dal-
housie University, from which he was graduated with the degree of
Bachelor of Laws in 1886, and soon thereafter he was admitted to
the bar. He was made a King's counsel in 1907. He has since been
practicing his profession with success in Sydney. He is solicitor for
the Dominion Coal Company and the Dominion Iron and Steel Com-
pany. He was appointed, in 1907, one of the royal commission for
the Province to investigate and report on the question of old age
pensions. He has taken an active part in public affairs, and was
mayor of Sydney from 1891 to 1907, during which period he did
much toward the general development of the place. In recognition
of his valuable services to the town and vicinity he was presented by
the citizens with a valuable gold watcM and a cabinet of silver service.
He was chairman of the town committee which conducted negotia-
tions with the promoters of the Dominion Iron & Steel Company,
leading to the location of the works of that company at Sydney.
He commanded the Seventeenth F. B., C. A., from 1896 to 1906,
and the Third Artillery Brigade of the same from 1906 to 1907,
retiring with the rank of major. He was regarded by his superiors
as an efficient and faithful army officer and was popular among his
soldiers. He has been a director of the Cape Breton Electric Com-
286 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
pany since its inception. Politically, he is a Liberal. He belongs to
the Presbyterian church, and is a member of the Royal Cape Breton
Yacht Club.
JAMES J. CURRY.
It matters little what vocation a man may select as his life occu-
pation as long as it is an honorable one. If he is an honest, upright
man, courteous in his intercourse with his fellow men, and possessed
of the average amount of energy and sagacity, he is bound to suc-
ceed. James J. Curry seems to possess the above mentioned qualities
and for a number of years he was in railroad service, later engaged
in carpentering, and now he is incumbent of the office of city clerk
and treasurer of Sydney.
Mr. Curry is a descendant of the old and honored Curry family,
and he was born June 19, 1873. in Sydney, Nova Scotia. He is a
son of Donald M. and Catherine (Downing) Curry. The father
was born in Cape Breton County and the mother in Sydney, and
here they grew up, were married and established their future home
and are still living in Sydney. Grandfather Curry came to this
country from Scotland, locating at Bras d'Or Lake, about the year
1819, and here he carved a home from the wilderness.
James J. Curry received his education in the public schools and
Sydney Academy. He began working for the Sydney & Louisburg
railroad when a boy, remaining with that company for a number of
years, and afterwards engaged in carpentering until 1901, when he
took a position as deputy town clerk, and when Sydney was made a
city, in 1904, he was elected city clerk, which position he still holds,
the duties of which he has discharged in an able and satisfactory
manner. In 1912 the city discontinued the treasurer's office, and now
our subject performs the work formerly done by the city treasurer,
also.
Air. Curry was married on November 27, 1900, to Mary Morley,
a daughter of John Morley, a contractor living in Sydney. To our
subject and wife four children have been born, namely: Leo, born
February 24, 1906; Theresa, born August 24, 1907; Donald, born
September 17, 1910; Catherine, born March 16, 1914.
Mr. Curry is a member of the Sacred Heart Roman Catholic
church ; and he belongs to the Knights of Columbus and the Catholic
Mutual Benefit Association.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 287
LEWIS WILKIESON JOHNSTONE, M. D.
The office of biography is not to give voice to a man's modest
estimate of himself and his accomplishments, but rather to leave
upon tke record the verdict establishing his character by the consen-
sus of opinion on the part of his neighbors and fellow citizens. The
life of Dr. Lewis Wilkieson Johnstone, of Sydney Mines, Nova
Scotia, for many years a leading physician of that section of the
Province, has been such as to elicit just praise from those who know
him best. No man is better known in Sydney Mines and vicinity,
and yet he is an unassuming gentleman, content to lead a quiet life
and be regarded only as a good citizen.
Dr. Johnstone was born at Sydney, Cape Breton, April 10, 1862.
He is a son of Louis and Emily Mary (Dodd) Johnstone. The
father was born in Halifax, November 18, 18.27, and the mother was
born on September 3, 1833. The father was the second son of Hon.
J. W. Johnstone, judge in equity of the Supreme Court of Nova
Scotia. He was a member of the first council of the town of Sydney
Mines and was always a prominent citizen of that place. He was a
physician and practiced medicine in Sydney for a number of years
before removing to Sydney Mines. The mother of our subject was
a daughter of the Hon. Edmund M. Dodd of the Supreme Court of
Nova Scotia. He represented the County of Cape Breton in the
House of Assembly for several years.
Dr. Johnstone, of this sketch, received his early education in the
public schools and in King's College, Windsor, Nova Scotia ; also
attended Acadia College at Wolfville, then went to New York City
and studied at Bellevue Hospital, from which medical institution
he was graduated in 1886. Returning to Nova Scotia he began the
practice of his profession in Sydney Mines, where he has remained to
the present time, enjoying a large and lucrative practice and ranking
among the leading physicians of Cape Breton County. He has taken
a deep interest in public affairs and has been counsellor and also
mayor of Sydney Mines, doing much for the general development of
the place.
Dr. Johnstone was married on June 16, 1892, to Annie E. Brown,
of Sydney Mines. She is a daughter of R. H. and Barbara (Davi-
son) Brown, of Sydney Mines, Nova Scotia. To the Doctor and
wife two children have been born, namely: Ethel Agnes Barbara
and Lewis Almon.
Politically, Dr. Johnstone is a Liberal-Conservative, and he has
288 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
long been one of the active public men in his vicinity, and holds now
the nomination for the party at the next general election for the
office of Federal Parliament. Religiously, he is a member of the
Church of England. Fraternally, he belongs to the Masonic Order
and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows.
W. FLETCHER BURNS, D. D. S., L. D. S.
A well-known and successful dentist of Sydney, Nova Scotia, is
Dr. \V. Fletcher Burns, who has bent every effort to make himself
proficient in his chosen vocation and to keep fully abreast of the
times in the same. His work will attest how well he has succeeded.
Doctor Burns was born in River John, this Province, in June,
1848, and there he received his primary deucation. He went to
Boston, Massachusetts, in 1869, and entered the office of Dr. James
Humphrey, who was a native of Halifax, Nova Scotia. After
studying under him for two or three years he entered the Phila-
delphia Dental College, from which institution he was graduated in
1875. Soon thereafter he located in Sydney, Cape Breton, where
his father and family had movd in the meantime. In October,
1876, he married Henrietta Jost, a daughter of James Jost, a mer-
chant of that place, and immediately went to St. John's, Newfound-
land, where he soon obtained a lucrative practice, having all the lead-
ing citizens there among his clientele. He continued to reside in
that city for a period of twenty-three years, then desiring a change of
scene he returned to Sydney in the boom days of 1900, where he has
continued to practice with his usual success to the present time.
The family of Dr. Burns consists of two sons and two daughters,
namely: Stuart I. is practicing dentistry in Regina; Ida is the wife
of F. C. Clarke, of Toronto; Ethel is at home; and Norman F. is
attending college.
ALEXANDER DONALD GUNN.
Alexander Donald Gunn was born April 18, 1872, at St. Mary's,
Pictou County. His father, Alexander Gunn, of Scottish descent,
his mother, Mary Gunn, a native of Pictou, Nova Scotia. He
received his education at the Pictou Academy and at Dalhousie Uni-
versity, graduating from the latter institution with degrees of Bache-
lor of Letters and Bachelor of Laws. His earning capacities began
by going into journalism on the Morning Chronicle, Halifax, as a
'
St. Andrew's Presbyterian Climvh.
Convent of Holy Angels.
SCEXKS IX SYDNEY.
Dominion Iron and Steel Co.
Sydney Academy.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 289
special writer, which his collegiate education had well equipped him
for. He continued at this for two and one-half years. He next took
charge of the Bras d'Or Gazette at St. Peters, Richmond County.
During his career as a journalist, Mr. Gunn had read law and was
admitted to the bar on September 22, 1898. He studied with Alfred
Whitman and Judge Wallace, of Halifax. He next moved to Syd-
ney, Nova Scotia, and started The Sydney Daily Post, and then he
began the practice of his profession, and has so continued ever since at
Sydney under style of A. D. Gunn, Barrister. He has been very
successful, and in 1914 was appointed King's counsel.
Mr. Gunn has taken an active interest in public affairs, and he
was an alderman of Sydney for three years and was elected mayor
of that city in 1911, and was re-elected by acclamation in 1912, and
again in 1913 and 1914. He has done much for the general up-
building of the city and has managed its affairs in an able and praise-
worthy manner. He is a member of the Royal Cape Breton Yacht
Club, and of the Sydney Club. He was elected president of the
Nova Scotia Union of Municipalities in 1912. Among the fraterni-
ties he is affiliated with the Masons, Knights Templar, the Ancient
Arabic Order of Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, the Knights of
Pythias, the Sons of Scotland, the Clan McNeil, the Independent
Order of Odd Fellows, the Ancient Order of United Workmen and
the Loyal Order of Moose. Politically, he is a Conservative.
Mr. Gunn was married in June, 1899, to Jane McLellan Spencer,
of Great Village, Colchester County, the union bringing six children,
namely : Mary Elvira Jane, Alexander William Douglass, Annie
Louise Frances, Florence Alexis, Vivian Isabel and Alfred Osborne
Gunn.
HENRY POPE DUCHEMIN.
Henry Pope Duchemin, of Sdyney, Cape Breton, who has tried
his hand with equal success at teaching, the law and journalism, has
forged ahead through his individual efforts and despite obstacles.
He was born in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, February 25,
1869, and is a son of Albert D. and Jemima (Compton) Duchemin.
He received his education in the public schools and Prince of Wales
College in his native city, later studying at Dalhousie University,
Halifax, graduating from the latter institution in 1895; he was a
University medalist in the classics He began his life work as an
(19)
290 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
educator, becoming principal of the schools at Canso, where he
remained during 1895 and 1896, then became English master at
Pictou Academy, Pictou, Nova Scotia, where he remained until 1901.
Although as a teacher he was popular and successful, he turned his
attention from the school room to the law, studying during his years
of teaching, and was admitted to the bar in 1901. Soon thereafter
he began the practice of his profession at Sydney, which he has con-
tinued to the present time, enjoying a good business and ranking
among the leaders of the bar in Cape Breton. He is also editor of
The Sydney Daily Post, and is a writer of force and versatility, and
possesses modern ideas regarding the management of a twentieth
century daily newspaper, having greatly increased the prestige and
value of the Post, both as a news disseminator and advertising
medium.
Mr. Duchemin was married on August 24, 1898, to Caroline
Parker Dingwall, a daughter of William R. and Mary (Parker)
Dingwall, of Souris, Prince Edward Island, and has a family of
four sons and three daughters.
Mr. Duchemin is a Liberal-Conservative in politics and a Meth-
odist in religion.
NEIL A. MACMILLAN.
As a barrister Neil A. Macmillan, of North Sydney, ranks high
among his professional brethren in eastern Nova Scotia, for he has
been a diligent student and conscientious in his labors. He was born
at Johnstown, Richmond County, this Province, April 28, 1872, and
is a son of Anthony and Mary (McKenzie) Macmillan, now de-
ceased, who were both natives of the Parish of Red Islands, Rich-
mond County.
Mr. Macmillan was educated in the public schools and the Univer-
sity of Saint Erancis Xavier, Antigonish, where he graduated with
the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1895. He was graduated with the
decree of Bachelor of Laws from Dalhousie University Law School,
Halifax, in 1899, an d was admitted to the bar in September of that
year. He began the practice of his profession at North Sydney im-
mediately afterwards as a partner of Hon. G. H. Murray, D. D.
McKenzie, K. C, and R. F. Phalen, LL. B., and has remained in
the practice of law in that town continuously ever since his admis-
sion to the bar. The firm of Murray, McKenzie, Phalen & Macmil-
lan was dissolved in 1905 upon Mr. McKenzie being appointed
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 29!
county court judge. Less than two years afterwards, Mr. McKenzie
resigned the judgeship to contest the County of Victoria for the
federal, which he carried and which county he has represented ever
since. In the same year Mr. Macmillan entered into partnership with
Mr. McKenzie and this association has continued since, with the re-
sult that the firm of McKenzie & Macmillan has a very extensive
clientage.
Mr. Macmillan was married on February n, 1904, to Ida Estell
Elliott, a daughter of Martin and Eliza (Cunningham) Elliott, of
Montreal, Quebec.
Politically, Mr. Macmillan is a Liberal. He is Crown prosecutor
for Victoria County; a member of the Roman Catholic Church, and
the Knights of Columbus.
FRANK E. LUCAS.
When we learn that a man has l>ecome a superintendent of the
establishment with which he is connected, no matter what it is, we
know that he has been faithful, trustworthy and industrious else he
would not have attained such a position. It was by such methods
that Frank E. Lucas became superintendent of coke ovens at Sydney,
Nova Scotia.
Mr. Lucas was born at Havelock, Xew Brunswick, November
26, 1878. He is a son of Rev. Aquila and Harriet (Bridges) Lucas.
The father was born at Old Weston, Huntingtonshire, England,
October 25, 1847; the mother was torn in Charlottetown, Prince Ed-
ward Island, May 6, 1859. The father came over from England
when young and took up his residence in Canada, where he was
married and he and his wife are now living in London, Ontario.
Frank E. Lucas received his education in the public schools and
Mt. Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick. When sixteen
years old he entered the employ of the Dominion Iron & Steel Com-
pany at Sydney and has remained with the firm ever since. Being
energetic and faithful he rose from position to position until he is
now superintendent of coke ovens at t'he company's mammoth plant
at Sydney, the duties of which position he is filling most satisfac-
torily. He has a large number of men under his direction. He un-
derstands thoroughly every phase of the business with which he has
been so long connected.
Mr. Lucas was married in July, 1905, to Mary Henry, a daugh-
ter of James W. and Mary Henry, of Toronto, and to this union the
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
following children have been born: Frank A., born in June, 1906;
Lucy, born in March, 1908; Margaret, born in April, 1909; Mary,
born in July, 1914.
Mr. Lucas is a member of the Masonic Order ; also belongs to the
Royal Cape Breton Yacht Club, the American Institute of Mining
Engineers, and the Xova Scotia Mining Society.
CLEMENT PETER MOORE.
One of Sydney's representative business men is Clement Peter
Moore, hardware merchant. He is known as a busy and enterprising
man, one of the kind that can be relied upon as a helpful citizen.
His is a kind of life that does not attract especial attention for any
picturesque quality or daring deeds, for it has been led along prosaic
lines of useful endeavor, but is of the kind that goes to make up the
continuous achievements of humanity.
Mr. Moore was torn at North Sydney, Nova Scotia, December
3, 1854, and is a representative of an old family of Cape Breton
County. He is a son of John Belcher Moore and Harriet M. (Me-
loney) Moore, both parents also natives of North Sydney, the father
born on December 29, 1822, and the mother was born December
2 7" J 833- J onn Meloney, Sr., the maternal great-grandfather, and
John Meloney, Jr., the grandfather, were both United Empire Loyal-
ists, who came to Sydney in 1785 from the States, and were among
the first settlers in the vicinity where the blast furnaces of the
Dominion Iron & Steel Company are now located. Adam Moore,
the paternal great-grandfather, came to Nova Scotia from Aberdeen,
Scotland, and settled at Upper North Sydney about 1780. Grand-
father Peter Moore followed the sea. and was a member of the firm
of Gammell & Moore from 1835 to 1852. He traded in Newfound-
land and also made several trips to Great Britain, bringing out goods
and passengers.
Clement P. Moore received his education in the public schools and
North Sydney Academy. He began life for himself by teaching
school, which he followed from 1873 to 1883, but a decade in the
school room convinced him that there was not sufficient future to
the work to warrant spending the rest of his life in it, and in 1883
he turned his attention to the hardware business in North Sydney
in partnership with G. K. McKeen, under the firm name of McKeen,
Moore & Company. In 1893, ten years later, this firm was dissolved,
whereupon Mr. Moore removed to Sydney where he has since con-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 293
ducted a large hardware store, doing an extensive business, and is
now rated as one of the leading business men of this section of the
Province.
Mr. Moore was married on December 18. 1883, to Emma E. Johns-
ton, a daughter of William G. and Emily (Moffatt) Johnston, of
Little Bras d' Or, Cape Breton. To our subject and wife three chil-
dren have been born, namely : Louise Eaerie, Jean Hazel, and William
McLean.
Politically, Mr. Moore is a Liberal. He was a member of the
Sydney town council from 1899 to 1900, inclusive. He was appointed
government representative on the Sydney school board in 1904, which
office he still holds. Religiously, he is a Presbyterian. He is a mem-
ber of the Sydney Curling Club and the Automobile Association, and
Sydney Board of Trade.
HUGH MACADAM.
As an advocate of the "art preservative," Hugh Macadam, of
Sydney, Nova Scotia, is doing some excellent work, taking great pride
in the jobs he turns out, his aim being always to please his customers
not only by giving them as good or better service in the printing
line as they can get anywhere in Nova Scotia, but also to be prompt
and fair in his dealings.
Mr. Macadam was born in East Bay, Cape Breton County, De-
cember 29, 1878, and is a son of Allan and Margaret ( McGillivary )
Macadam, both natives of East Bay, Cape Breton, where they grew
up, attended school, were married and established their future home.
They each represented pioneer families in that locality.
Hugh Macadam grew to manhood in his native locality and re-
ceived his education in the common schools and St. Francis Xavier
College, Antigonish, Nova Scotia. He began his life work as a
teacher, which he followed in this Province for some time, later sold
books and stationery, and in 1907 entered the printing business at
Sydney, which he has since continued, under the firm name of The
Macadam Printing Company, Limited. He has a well equipped
modern shop and is prepared to do all kinds of high-grade printing.
Mr. Macadam was married June 14, 1905, to Mina Nora Lynch,
a daughter of James and Eliza (Robinson) Lynch, of St. Jacques,
New Brunswick. To this union the following children have been
born : Elizabeth Emily, Allan Joseph, Hugh James, Donald Michael,
Teresa Catherine, and Margaret Patricia.
294 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Politically, Mr. Macadam is a Conservative, and he belongs to
the Roman Catholic Church. He is a member of the Knights of
Columbus, the Catholic Mutual Benefit Association, League of the
Cross Temperance Society, and the Sydney Club.
JAMES T. BURCHELL.
While such men as James T. Burchell are not lauded in the public
press as the leaders of the world's workers, yet they perform their
roles in life's drama quite successfully and are just as necessary in
the general scheme of things as their more famous compeers.
Mr. Burchell, who has long been known as an able civil and mining
engineer and successful business man of Sydney, Xova Scotia, is a
man of strong natural characteristics, and he has always tried to
do his best in whatever capacity he has been placed. He was born
in the above named city and Province, November 18, 1850, and is
a son of George E. and Louisa (Lorway) Burchell, the father a
native of Sydney Mines and the mother of Sydney, Cape Breton,
and in that locality they grew up, attended school, were married
and established the family home. John Lorway, the maternal grand-
father, married Rachael Muggali; she was born December 25, 1801.
Mr. BurchelFs wife's father was James Putnam Ward, a pioneer in
Cape Breton, who married Martha Haire. Mr. Ward was the able
editor and proprietor of the Cape Breton News, one of the first
newspapers established in Cape Breton, and he continued its pub-
lication until his death. He was in charge of the first telegraph
office in Sydney. He was registrar of deeds, and was agent of the
Bank of Nova Scotia, being the first branch bank in Sydney. He
was a man of remarkable energy and took a leading part in all public
affairs. Mr. Burchell spent a year as manager of the Coxheath
Copper Mine. While in business with his brother, owing to the
failure of a Quebec bank which guaranteed the accounts of parties
to whom they were shipping coal, they suspended, 'with quite heavy
liabilities. Later, having met with success, they redeemed their
outlawed bills, which amounted to forty thousand dollars, repaying
the entire liabilities.
James T. Burchell received his education in the private schools,
later taking a commercial course in Halifax. He took up civil engi-
neering and was on the survey of the International Coal & Railroad
Company's line from Sydney to Bridgeport, Cape Breton. After
two years he again attended school, then took up construction work
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 295
on the same road, subsequently turning his attention to mining engi-
neering, continuing four years, then engaged in mercantile pursuits
and coal mining at Ontario Mines, Glace Bay. He and his brother
owned the Gardiner Coal Mine, which they conducted two years,
then sold out and purchased the Ne\v Campbellton Mines, which
they operated several years, then sold to the Harmsworth, Limited,
of Newfoundland, after which our subject returned to Sydney, where
he has since resided. In connection with his son-in-law, he owns
and conducts the Sydney Foundry & Machine Works. He has been
very successful in a business way and owns valuable real estate
interests in Sydney.
Mr. Burchell was married January 6, 1872, to Susannah \Yarne
Ward. To this union the following children have been born: Edith
May died in infancy; Howard Warne is practicing dentistry in Xorth
Sydney; James Sydney is a meml)er of the J. K. Burchell & Com-
pany; Ida Louise and Henrietta, twins the former died in infancy,
and the latter is the wife of Wilfred K. Clarke, of Sydney, Cape
Breton; George Bartlett was graduated from McGill University,
Montreal, with the degree of Bachelor of Science, and is a mining
engineer, now general manager of the Colonial Coal Company; be
is a thoroughly practical and successful mining man, and is in
demand as a consulting engineer.
Politically, Mr. Burchell is a Liberal, and denominationally, a
Methodist.
J. E. BURCHELL.
One of Xova Scotia's most progressive business men and repre-
sentative citizens is J. E. Burchell, of Sydney, president of the suc-
cessful concern that bears his name and a director of the Cape
Breton Coal, Iron & Railroad Company. He was born at Bridge-
port, Nova Scotia, in December, 1839, and is a son of George Ed-
ward and Louise (Lorway) Burchell. He received his education in
the public schools. He began life for himself in the mercantile busi-
ness, also interested in various collieries, from 1864 to 1884. He
opened the branch of the Merchants Bank of Halifax (now the
Royal Bank of Canada) at Sydney in 1871, and continued in charge
of the same until his retirement from its active management in 1910;
however, he still continues in an advisory position. He was very
successful in the management of the same, as he was in all his otter
business ventures. He was president of the board of trade in Sydney
296 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
for a period of twenty years and has done much to boost the town.
He was vice-counsel for the United States from 1886 to 1910; was
vice-counsel for Norway and Sweden from 1883 to 1906, continuing
counsel for Norway until 1910, when he resigned. He gave eminent
satisfaction to these countries, and received the knighthood of St.
Olaf (Norway) when he terminated his services with that country.
This high honor was to show the appreciation of that country for his
conscientious and able services in its behalf in Nova Scotia.
Mr. Burchell was married in 1869, in Halifax, to Henrietta
Mary Jost, a daughter of Thomas Jost, of Halifax. To this union
two sons and three daughters have been born, namely : Arthur P.
Burchell, Mrs. H. W. Black, Mrs. H. W. Jubison, Charles J. Burch-
ell and Mrs. L. C. Crowe.
Religiously, Mr. Burchell is a Methodist; politically, a Liberal.
CAPT. A. J. MORRISON.
Those who belong to the respectable middle classes of society,
being early taught the necessity of relying upon their own exertions,
will be most apt to acquire that information and those business habits
which alone can fit them for the discharge of life's duties, and indeed
it has long been a noticeable fact that our great men in nearly all
walks of life in Canada spring from this class. Capt. A. J. Morrison,
one of the leading business men of Sydney, Nova Scotia, is a worthy
representative of this class, from which the true noblemen of the
Dominion spring.
Captain Morrison was born December 16, 1854, in Richmond
County, Nova Scotia, and there he spent his boyhood and received
his early education in the public schools. He learned telegraphy with
the Western Union Telegraph Company, after which he went to sea,
passing the several examinations for second mate, mate and master,
final examination having been passed at Liverpool, G. B., October 13,
1879. He sailed as master of sailing ships in the Atlantic, East India
and South American trades eventually sailing in steam ships for sev-
eral years. He became familiar with a large portion of the leading
ports of the civilized world and was a successful mariner in every
sense of the word. Finally retiring from the seafaring business he
located in Sydney where, for the past six years he has been connected
with the Ingraham Supply Company as vice-president and manager,
also as agent for the Mercantile Marine Service Association and hon-
orary agent for the Imperial Merchant Service Guild. He has been
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 297
very successful in a business way and has taken a deep intreest in the
development of the city of Sydney.
Captain Morrison was married in February, 1888, to Mabel Mor-
rison, eldest daughter of Kenneth Morrison, Esq., of Point Tupper,
Nova Scotia, and to this union one child has been born Ruth
Irene.
Capt. Morrison is a member of the Presbyterian church, a Thirty-
second Degree Mason, member of the Sydney Club, the Royal Cape
Breton Yacht Club and the local Curling Club. He is an enthusiast
of wholesome outdoor sports.
GEORGE DOUGLAS MUGGAH.
One of the best known citizens of Sydney, Cape Breton County,
is George D. Muggah, prothonotary, a man who is deserving of the
success he has achieved in life because he has tried to be efficient in
all he undertook and at the same time so live that his daily life
would be above all idle cavil.
Mr. Muggah was born in the above named city and county, June
23, 1863. He is a son of Capt. William and Mary (Peters) Muggah,
both 'parents also natives of Sydney where they grew up, were mar-
ried and established their home. The grandfather, John Muggah,
was a native of Banffshire, Scotland. The maternal grandfather,
Dr. Samuel Peters, was of New England Loyalist stock. His father,
who was also a physician, received a grant of land in Victoria
County, and there engaged in the lumljer business. The grand-
father came to Cape Breton Island in the latter part of the eighteenth
century, and was associated with the engineers, being for some time
in charge of construction works on the barracks and the military
station at Sydney. He married a Miss Meloney, who was of Loyalist
stock, and to their union thirteen children were torn. Through mar-
riage our subject is connected with many of the old families of this
Province. Capt. William Muggah, mentioned above, was a mariner
and a captain for many years, continuing to sail the seas until past
seventy years of age. Four of his brothers were also captains. The
original Muggah property embraced a large portion of the land now
occupied by the Dominion Iron & Steel Company, Limited. The
death of Capt. William Muggah occurred in 1882, at the age of
seventy-eight years. His wife died in 1885 at the age of sixty-
three years.
Of a family of five children, George D. Muggah was the fourth
298 . HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
in order of birth. He received his education in the public schools
and the Sydney Academy. After leaving school he secured employ-
ment with the Western Union Telegraph Company, with which he
continued for about four years, then went With the International
Coal Company, with which he remained two years, then went West
and worked in Duluth, Minnesota, and a number of other places,
sometime on the Pacific coast. He returned to Sydney about 1900,
and accepted a position under W. E. Peters, prothonotary, remain-
ing with him until 1905, when he took a similar position with Capt.
Charles Lowray, Mr. Peters' successor, continuing with him until
1915, when he was appointed to succeed Capt. Lowray. His appoint-
ment was a most popular one and was highly commended by the press,
even though some of the papers were in opposition to him politically.
His courtesy, efficiency, honesty and loyalty render him worthy of
the trust reposed in him.
Mr. Muggah was married in 1909 to Catherine McDonald of
Baddeck, Xova Scotia. She is a daughter of Daniel M. McDonald,
a representative of an old Scotch family. To our subject and wife
four children have been born, namely : Henry Foreman, Alexander
Douglas, William David, and Ralph.
Fraternally, Mr. Muggah is a Mason, belonging to the Blue Lodge
at Sydney, the Chapter at Duluth, Preceptory at Sydney, the Scottish
Rites of Duluth, and Luscon Temple, Mystic Shrine, St. John, N. B.
Politically, he is a Liberal.
WILLIAM J. EAGAN, M. D.
One of the younger generation of physicians of Cape Breton
County, who has made an auspicious start in his life work, is Dr.
William J. Eagan, of Sydney. He was born at Sydney Mines, Nova
Scotia, September 3, 1874. He is a son of John and Charlotte
(Stevens) Eagan, the father also a native of Sydney Mines. Sylves-
ter Eagan, the grandfather, was a native of Ireland.
Dr. Eagan grew to manhood in his native town atffl there received
his elementary education in the public schools, then took a course at
St. Francis Xavier College at Antigonish, matriculating in 1892; after
leaving that institution he taught school three years with success, and
then entered the medical department of McGill University, where
he made an excellent record and from which institution he was gradu-
ated in 1901. Soon thereafter he took up the practice of his profes-
sion in Sydney and built up a good practice as a general physician
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 299
and surgeon, remaining there until 1911, when he took a special
course in ophthalmology in London, England, in the Mooresfield
school, studying there two years, after which he returned to Nova
Scotia and took up his special work at Sydney.
Dr. Eagan was married in Novemljer, 1902, to Minnie Living-
ston, of Loco Point, Cape Breton. She is a daughter of D. D. Liv-
ingston. . She is a representative of an old Scotch family which is
well and favorably known in Cape Breton. Three children have been
born to the Doctor and wife, namely: Charlotte, Mary and John
Redmond Eagan.
Politically, the Doctor is a Conservative. He is president of the
Liberal-Conservative Association of Cape Breton County and is in-
fluential in the work of the same. In religion Dr. Eagan is a Catholic.
ROXALD McVICAk.
Ronald McVicar was torn at Cow Bay, Cape Breton County, Xova
Scotia, October 28, 1870. He is a son of Allan and Christy (McDon-
ald) McVicar, the father born near Louisburg and the mother at
'Cow Bay. The grandfather was Donald McVicar and the great
grandfather, Neil McVicar, was a native of Scotland, from which
country he immigrated to Cape Breton among the first settlers, where
he engaged in farming. The grandfather was drowned in 1859.
The father of our subject engaged in mining at Cow Bay, which was
his vocation until his death, which was by accident, being killed in a
mine disaster in 1906. His family consisted of ten children, of which
the subject of this sketch was second in order of birth.
Our subject received his early education in the district schools,
later attended the Sydney Academy, graduating from the Law Depart-
ment of Dalhousie University in 1896, being admitted to the bar the
same year. He practiced some time in Halifax, then came home
for a few months, after which he went to the Kootenay country. He
was among the first to invade the Klondyke country when gold was
discovered in Alaska, in the spring of 1898, going by the White Pass,
arriving in Dawson in June of that year. He prospected in the
Klondyke, the American country, on the Tannah, White and other
rivers, remaining in the far north until 1908, having met with varying
success. He talks most interestingly of his experiences in Alaska,
some of which were thrilling and his hardships were not a few.
Returning to Sydney, Nova Scotia, he engaged in the practice of his
profession with Hugh Ross, under the firm name of Ross & Me-
3OO HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Vicar, and later joined Walter Crowe, continuing under the firm
name of Crowe & Ross.
Mr. Me Vicar was married in 1911 to Edith J. McAulay, a daugh-
ter of John McAulay, one of the early pioneers of Port Marien, Nova
Scotia. To our subject and wife two children have been born, name-
ly : Kristine and Archibald. Mr. and Mrs. McVicar are members
of the Presbyterian church.
WILLIAM T. LYNCH.
As a manufacturer of bread, William T. Lynch, of Sydney, Cape
Breton County, is widely known in all counties of Nova Scotia,
where his products find a very ready market owing to their superior
quality. He has always tried to do his best at whatever he has been
engaged and that is the main secret of his success.
Mr. Lynch was born in Madawaska County, New Brunswick, in
1877. He is a son of James and Elizabeth Lynch. The father was
also a native of the same community in which our subject was born.
Thomas Lynch, the grandfather, was a native of Ireland, from which
country he immigrated to Canada in early life, establishing his future
home in Xew Brunswick, w'here he engaged in the lumber business
as did also his son, James Lynch.
William T. Lynch spent his boyhood in his native locality and
there received his education in the public schools. In his earlier
career he was associated with his father in the lumber business and
farming. In the fall of 1901 he formed a partnership with his
brother, James F. Lynch, in the bakery business at Sydney, this
Province, and by pushing the enterprise and dealing promptly, cour-
teously and honestly with their customers they have built up a very
large business. They send their bread and have their teams to deliver
it in nearly every town of importance in the Province. They have a
substantial, sanitary and well equipped plant in Halifax, three stories,
and about one hundred feet square, also a bakery at Stellarton, Pictou
County, two stories, sixty by one hundred feet, the original plant
being in Sydney. Their popular brand, "Lynch's Pure Bread," has
become a household word throughout Nova Scotia.
William T. Lynch was married in June, 1913, to Sadie McMillan
of Sydney. She is a daughter of Roderick D. McMillan, a repre-
sentative of one of the old families of Cape Breton County. To this
union one child has been born James R. Lynch.
Mr. Lynch and his brother make bread baking their exclusive
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 30!
business. Their home plant is three stories, seventy-five by one hun-
dred feet. They have recently equipped a plant in St. John's, New-
foundland. They are steady, energetic, wide-awake young men, pub-
lic-spirited, and have been among the promoters of the Sydney
Exhibition, William T. having served as vice-president of the asso-
ciation.
George Kennan, the noted writer, says in his correspondence,
under date of July 16, 1915, from Baddeck, Nova Scotia.
"I must compliment you again on the quality of your bread. It
is much better than any we could get in New York City last winter,
and is more than satisfactory in every way."
FRED A. McINNIS.
One of the successful young business men of Whitney Pier, of
Cape Breton County, is Fred A. Mclnnis, who is engaged in mercan-
tile pursuits. He was born at Baddeck. Nova Scotia, March 17,
1878. He is a son of Angus and Catherine (McRae) Mclnnis, both
natives of the town of Baddeck, where their parents located in an
early day, and where they grew up, attended school, were married
and established their home. Donald Mclnnis, the grandfather, was
a native of Skye, Scotland, from which country, in company with
two brothers, emigrated to Nova. Scotia, the two brothers locating in
Prince Edward Island and were subsequently lost track of. The
grandfather of the subject of this sketch located at Baddeck, where
he engaged in farming and became one of the substantial citizens of
that district. Angus Mclnnis, the father of our subject, spent his
boyhood on the home farm near Baddeck, but went to the United
States when a young man and was employed by the firm of George
Munroe & Company, publishers of New York City. When returning
to Nova Scotia on a visit he met Dr. Alexander Graham Bell, in-
venter of the telephone, who was making his first visit to Cape
Breton, and an agreement was made whereby Mr. Mclnnis took
charge of Dr. BelFs extensive estate at Baddeck, which he continued
to manage with satisfaction for a period of twenty-five years, when
he purchased the farm where he now resides. His family consists of
four children, the subject of this sketch being the second in order of
birth.
Fred A. Mclnnis spent his boyhood at Baddeck and there received
his education in the public schools and the county Academy, later
spent two years learning the plumber's trade, then took up a commer-
302 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
cial career in partnership with Maj. M. H. Morrison, opening a store
in Whitney Pier under the firm name of Morrison & Mclnnis, which
still continues. They have built up a large and satisfactory trade
with the town and surrounding country. Theirs is one of the best
known general stores in this part of the Province.
Mr. Mclnnis was married in November, 1906, to Martha Young,
of Pictou County. She is a daughter of William Young. To this
union three children have been born, namely : Jean Young Mclnnis,
Roy Young Mclnnis, and Helen Young Mclnnis.
Fraternally, he is a member of the Independent Order of Odd
Fellows. Politically, he is a Liberal, a member of the Presbyterian
Church and the Sydney Curling Club.
JOHN RODERICK MAcDOXALD.
It is a matter of doubt which is the greater heritage, a distin-
guished name or a goodly estate. The average citizen of Xova Scotia
can hand down no greater heritage to his children than an unblem-
ished reputation, as was done in the case of John Roderick Mac-
Donald, who is one of the successful merchants of Whitney Pier, a
suburb of Sydney, this Province. He was born at East Bay, Cape
Breton, October i, 1885. and is a son of Ronald and Mary (Mac-
Isaac) MacDonald, both parents also natives of East Bay, where they
grew to maturity, attended school and were married. The grand-
father was Allan MacDonald, Jr., whose father, Allan MacDonald,
Sr., was born in northwestern Scotland.
To Ronald MacDonald and wife eleven children were born, eight
of whom are living, the subject of this sketch being the fifth in order
of birth.
J. Roderick MacDonald grew to manhood at East Bay, where
he attended the common schools, after which he took a course in
the Sydney Academy, then engaged in clerking there until 1905, when
he launched out in business for himself, opening a grocery store at
Whitney Pier, which he has continued to conduct with ever-increas-
ing success to the present time, carrying a large and carefully selected
stock at all seasons.
In May, 1912, he was appointed a preventive officer at Whitney
Pier in the customs department, and at the outbreak of the European
war in the summer of 1914, he was appointed detaining officer
with headquarters at International Pier, his duties being to watch
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 303
contraband shipping and alien and enemy sailors, he being in charge
of the office. He has performed these duties most vigilantly and
acceptably.
Mr. MacDonald was married in September, 1910, to Lena Steele,
of Beach Mount, Cape Breton. She is a daughter of John Steele,
an old settler of Cape Breton, where Mrs. MacDonald was reared and
educated. Two children have been born to our subject and wife,
namely : Ronald Arthur, and John Roderick.
Politically, he is a Conservative, and fraternally he l>elongs to the
Knights of Columbus, the Catholic Mutual Benefit Association, and
the order of Scottish Clans. He is a Catholic in religion.
MAJOR G. S. HARRINGTON.
While yet a young man Major G. S. Harrington, well known in
military circles of Nova Scotia, has made his influence felt and proven
himself to be a man of courage, enterprise and good ideals, and
eminently worthy of the confidence that has been reposed in him by
his superior officers. He is also a barrister of high standing.
Major Harrington was born in Halifax, August 7, 1883. Here
he grew to manhood, attended the public schools and Dalhousie Uni-
versity, graduating therefrom in April, 1904, having completed the
prescribed course in the law department, but being under age, he had
to wait until October 2ist of that year to be admitted to the bar of
Nova Scotia. He practiced his profession with success in Glace Bay
from 1905 to 1915, enjoying a large clientage. He was mayor of
Glace Bay from 1913 to 1915, during which period he did much for
the general upbuilding of the place and judiciously administered its
affairs in every way. He was made a King's Counsel in 1915.
When the war with Germany came on in the summer of 1914, he
turned his attention to military affairs and was appointed major of
the Eighty-fifth Battalion, overseas expeditionary force. He was
well qualified for this position as he had seen eleven years' service in
the Canadian Militia.
Major Harrington is a son of C. S. and Mary S. R. (DeWolf)
Harrington. The father was a barrister and King's Counselor at
Halifax, and the mother is a daughter of the late Dr. James R.
DeWolf, who was connected with the Nova Scotia Hospital.
Our subject is a Protestant and a Mason, belonging to the Ancient
Arabic Order of Nobles of the Mystic Shrine.
34
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
JOHN McNAMARA.
One of the trusted and efficient employees of the Dominion Coal
Company is John McNamara, who has charge of the firm's busi-
ness at International Pier, Sydney, Cape Breton County. He rose
to his present responsible post by faithful, conscientious, honest and
hard work. He is a courteous, pleasant, unobtrusive gentleman,
steady and uniform in his contact with men and the world.
Mr. McNamara was born at Lingan, Cape Breton, April 27, 1869.
He is a son of William and Bridget (Handrigan) McNamara, the
father a native of Limerick, Ireland, and the mother of Lingan, Cape
Breton. William McNamara, the grandfather, was also born in
Limerick, Ireland, where he grew up, attended school and was mar-
ried, but eventually he sailed with his family for the New World,
locating at Sydney Mines, Nova Scotia, later moved to Bridgeport,
buying a farm in the vicinity, on which he spent the rest of his life.
He was a man of fine character, and kept until the last the true dig-
nity of the Irish gentleman of the old school, and lived to an advanced
age.
William McNamara, father of our subject, when a young man
took up mining with the General Mining Association of London,
England, at Sydney Mines, later removing to Lingan, where he be-
came underground manager until the strike of 1883, when he was
sent out to prospect and trace the coal seams, in which work he was
successful. He located all the seams now being worked in the Lingan
(or New Waterford) district, which are operated by the Dominion
Coal Company. Later he was transferred to the district of the Vic-
toria Mines, and there continued prospecting and tracing the coal
seams, and the coal fields of the above named company which now
embrace the Victoria Mines district, afterwards being assigned the
duty of opening up the New Victoria Mines, for the Low Point,
Barrachois & Lingan Mining Company, Ltd., which work he carried
to a successful completion, sinking three slopes on this seam, after
which he remained for several years as underground manager. This
mine, now under the Dominion Coal Company, Ltd., is known as
Dominion Number 17. His death occurred in 1889 at the age of
sixty-five years. His family consisted of eight children, the subject
of this sketch being the sixth in order of birth.
John McNamara grew to manhood in his native locality and he
received his education in the public schools of Lingan. When but a
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 305
boy he began his mining career by joining the prospecting party above
referred to, then became weigher at the mines at Lingan. later ac-
cepted a position in the office of the Low Point, Barrachois & Lingan
Mining Company at Victoria Mines, and he continued with this firm
until its business was merged with that of the Dominion Coal Com-
pany, and he is now cashier and shipping agent of the latter company
at International Pier, Sydney, Cape Breton County. He has always
performed his work well and faithfully.
Mr. McNamara was married in October, 1892, to Philomena
Burke, a native of St. Jacques, Newfoundland, whose death occurred
m 1905. To our subject and wife the following children were born:
Mary Genevieve, deceased, William Ralph Haliburton, Eva Clare,
Margaret Evangeline, Philomena B. (deceased), Pauline, and
Francis Cecil. In June, 1908, our subject was married a second time,
his last wife being Loretta Walker, a native of Sydney Mines, Xova
Scotia. She is a daughter of the late Alexander Walker and Eliza-
beth Oram. This last union has been without issue.
Politically, Mr. McXamara is a Liberal-Conservative. He belongs
to the Knights of Columbus and to the Catholic Mutual Benefit Asso-
ciation, the Sydney and Royal Cape Breton Yacht Clubs, the Can-
adian Club of Cape Breton, the Sydney Curling and Lingan Country
Golf Club.
FREDERIC CLIFFORD KIMBER.
Frederic C. Kimber has for some years been engaged in the
insurance business in Sydney, Cape Breton, but for many years in
his earlier career he was connected with the coal industry of that
island. He \y_as born in Oxfordshire, England. September 3, 1857,
and is a son of Thomas and Louisa (Clifford) Kimber. He was
educated at Maryborough College, Wiltshire.
Mr. Kimber came to Nova Scotia early in life in the year 1882,
locating in Sydney, in which town he has since resided. After com-
ing to Sydney he acted as agent for the Sydney & Louisburg Coal
& Railway Company, and remained in the coal business until 1902,
in which year he severed his connection with the Dominion Coal
Company and started in business on his own account.
Politcally, Mr. Kimber is a Conservative. He has served on the
city council and was mayor of Sydney for one term. At the present
time he is secretary of the Pilotage Authority for the Port of Sydney,
(20)
306 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
and is acting as a censor at the cable station at North Sydney. In
religion he is a member of the Church of England and has been closely
identified with the Parish of Christ Church, Sydney. He is a mem-
ber of the Masonic order, being a companion in Prince of Wales
Chapter. He belongs to the Royal Cape Breton Yacht Club, Sydney,
and the Old Marlburian Club, London. He has remained unmarried.
JOHN CAREY DOUGLAS, M. A., LL. B., M. P.
As a member of the Provincial Parliament from Glace Bay, Cape
Breton County, John Carey Douglas is proving to be the right man
in the right place. As a lawyer he has lc*ig held an envied position at
the bar before the court. He is a calm, deliberate and unimpassioned
speaker. On the stump he presents his facts and arguments by
orderly employment of plain, appropriate and well-chosen words. He
is a man of strong personality and popularity and merits the con-
fidence of the public. He is generally considered an authority on
labor matters and has already proven his worth to the laboring classes.
Mr. Douglas was torn at Albion Mines, Stellarton, Pictou Coun-
ty, June 14, 1874. He is a son of John and Ann (Carey) Douglas,
the father a native of Cumberland County, England, and the mother
born in Albion Mines, Pictou County. The father immigrated to
Nova Scotia when young and here was married. For many years he
was underground manager for the coal companies operating at Albion
Mines, Pictou County.
John C. Douglas was educated in the public schools, at Stellarton,
Pictou Academy and Mount Allison University, from which institu-
tion he graduated in 1897 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. In
1909 he received the further degree of Master of Arts from that
famous seat of learning. Deciding upon a legal career he began
studying for same by attending the law department of Dalhousie
University, Halifax, from where he graduated in 1899 with the de-
gree of Bachelor of Laws. After being admitted to the bar he began
the practice of his profession at Stellarton, Pictou County, in the
year 1900. In 1901 he moved to Glace Bay, Cape Breton, where he
has since remained and built up a very satisfactory and rapidly grow-
ing practice.
Mr. Douglas has remained unmarried. Politically, he is a Con-
servative, and was vice-president of the Provincial Conservative As-
sociation from 1911 to 1914. The following year he was made presi-
HISTQRY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 307
dent, and in 1915 was appointed honorary president. He was elected
a member of the Provincial Legislature in 191 1 from Cape Breton
County. He was nominated to contest Cape Breton and Richmond
Counties for the next federal election. He has proven to be a very
able and popular public servant and has done much for the general
good of his community. Denominationally, he is a Methodist.
Fraternally he belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and
the Masonic Order.
EMMANUEL O. AL\cDONALD, M. D.
Since it is true that individual success is determined, in true
measure, by what one has accomplished, the name of Dr. Emmanuel
O. MacDonald of Glace Bay, Xova Scotia, is deserving of a high
rank in the list of Cape Breton County's citizens of the present gen-
eration, who have risen, of their own efforts, from an humble be-
ginning to the top rungs of the ladder of material and professional
success.
Dr. MacDonald was born at St. George, Prince Edward Island, in
1873. He is a son of James MacDonald and Elizabeth Walker,
whose grandparents emigrated to Prince Edward Island in early
pioneer days, locating at Leunchrif Place in Kings County, where
many of their descendants continue to reside.
After his district schooling, the Doctor attended Prince of Wales
College, after which he taught school at an early age in his native
Province and in the Canadian West. He began studying medicine
the meantime, later entering Trinity Medical College and University,
graduating from the medical department of that institution in 1900,
with the degree of Doctor of Medicine, standing at the head of his
class. He then went to Port Williams and acted as assistant to Dr.
Hamilton, C. P. R. physician at that point, continuing nearly one
year. In 1900 he came to Glace Bay and was assistant to the late
Dr. R. A. H. McKeen, a prominent physician here during his time,
continuing with him three years, then began practicing independently
and remained alone until 1907, when he went to London and took up
post-graduate work in the Middlesex Medical School and Hospital
and the University of London. Returning to Nova Scotia he again
resumed practice at Glace Bay. In 1913 he went to New York and
took a special course in the eye, ear, nose and throat, at the Manhat-
tan Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, after his graduation there
and also after taking a post-graduate course in that city he came back
308 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
to Glace Bay, and the major portion of his time has since been spent
as a specialist. In addition to his public practice he is one of the
doctors of the Dominion Coal Company there, treating hundreds of
the firm's employees. Previous to this he had made a specialty of
surgery in which he achieved pronounced success, and which he still
practices to a large extent.
Dr. MacDonald was married in January, 1904, to Colina Frances
Cameron, a daughter of Dr. Hugh Cameron, of Mabou, who was a
meml>er of Parliament for a number of years, and a prominent man
in his county. To the Doctor and wife six children have been born,
namely : Eunice, Frances, Flizabeth, Mary Theresa, Emmanuel
Cameron and Margaret Tephyrim.
Fraternally, Dr. MacDonald is a member of the Knights of Co-
lumbus. Politically, he is a Conservative. He belongs to the British,
Canadian, and American Medical Associations.
NEIL R. McARTHUR.
Take the Canadian bar as a whole, and it is doubtful if a more
intelligent, representative, straightforward and honest body of men
can be found in the world, than the members of it. One of the most
promising of Nova Scotia's young members of the bar is Neil R.
McArthur, of Glace Bay, Cape Breton, who is not only well equipped
by nature and education for his chosen vocation, but who has a high
sense of honor.
Mr. McArthur was born at Pine Tree, Pictou County, this Prov-
ince, February 7, 1885. He is a son of James and Sarah (Maclsaac)
McArthur, both natives of Pictou County, the father born in 1835,
died in 1890; and the mother was torn in 1855. These parents grew
up in their native county, where they attended school and were
married and established their home. James McArthur, the grand-
father, was a native of Scotland, where he spent his boyhood, coming
to Nova Scotia when a young man, and settled in Pictou County.
NeJl R. McArthur grew to manhood in his native vicinity, and
received his early education in the public schools, later attending St.
Francis Xavier College at Antigonish, from which institution he was
graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1905. He then
entered the law department of Dalhousie University, at Halifax, and
was graduated therefrom with the degree of Bachelor of Law in
1910. He had begun reading law in 1906 with W. F. Carroll, mem-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 309
her of Parliament. In 1913 he was appointed solicitor for the town
of Glace Bay, having been deputy solicitor in 1910. He is still in-
cumbent of this office, the duties of which he is discharging with
credit and satisfaction. He is building up an excellent law practice.
Mr. McArthur was married September 10, 1912, to Annie E. Mc-
Donald, a daughter of John and Hannah (Henrahon) McDonald.
Two children ha.ve been born to our subject and wife, namely:
Mary Jovita and James Earle McArthur. Politically, our subject is
a Conservative, and he is a member of the Catholic Church. He l>e-
longs to the Knights of Columbus.
DAX CAMKROX.
To become mayor of a thriving modern town at the early age of
thirty years indicates that such a man not only has rare natural
ability but is also trustworthy, faithful to the trusts reposed in him
and public-spirited. The future of such a man is necessarily promis-
ing, provided he keeps on in the commendable manner in which he
has started. In this word setting the biographer has in mind one
enterprising young man of Glace Bay, Cape Breton, Dan Cameron,
who is mayor of that town and a succesful business man, dealing
extensively in lumber.
Mr. Cameron was born at Xew Glasgow, Xova Scotia, February
9, 1885. He is a son of Hugh and Annie (Eraser) Cameron, the
father a native of Centredale, near Xew Glasgow, and the mtoher of
Lome, Pictou County. The paternal grandfather was a native of
Scotland, from which country he came to Xova Scotia when young
and located on the East River, Pictou County, where he engaged in
farming and lumbering, and from that early day to the present time
the Camerons have been well known as lumljer dealers in this section
of the Province. Hugh Cameron, the father, grew up on the home
farm in Pictou County and received his education in the district
schools. When a boy he began working at the carpenter's trade at
which he became expert and finally formed a partnership with Angus
McQueen, under the firm name of McQueen & Cameron, and they
conducted a large business in carpentering and contracting, later
transferring their business to Glace Bay, Cape Breton, where the
partnership continued two or three years, when the business was
taken over by Hugh Cameron, and took as a partner Henry Mc-
Queen, son of his former partner. This continued a few years, then
the elder Cameron bought his partner out, continuing the business
3IO HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
alone until he took as a partner his son Dan, of this sketch, and they
have since continued the business with ever-increasing success, deal-
ing in lumber and doing some contracting. They take a great deal
of lumber from the home woods, but a greater amount from New
Brunswick. They do a very extensive business.
Dan Cameron spent his school days in New Glasgow, and on
coming to Glace Bay he entered high school and after finishing he
went into business in which he has continued to the present time.
Mr. Cameron was married in March, 1912, to Minnie Burchell,
of Glace Bay, Cape Breton. She is a daughter of Peter Burchell, a
representative of an old family which has long been prominent in
this section of Nova Scotia. One child has been born to our subject
and wife, Russell Cameron.
Fraternally, Mr. Cameron is a member of the Masonic Blue
Lodge and the Knights of Pythias. Politically, he is a Conservative,
and he has been active in party affairs for several years. He was
elected mayor of Glace Bay in March, 1915, and has discharged the
duties of this office in a highly acceptable manner.
ALEXANDER M,\cDONALD THOMPSON, D. D.
The Rev. Alexander MacDonald Thompson, D. D., is a most
kindly and generous man. A man of open hand, naturally, he knows
and makes no distinction. All alike feel the sympathy and genuine
goodness of heart which is never absent. No appeal ever comes to
him in vain. Many are the instances recalled of his deep and abiding
faith in his fellows and the sincere desire at all times to befriend
men of every class and creed, and to afford aid and support to every
worthy cause. The good such lives do will never be known until
"the stars are old, the sun is cold and the leaves of the judgment
book unfold."
Our subject was born at Antigonish, Nova Scotia, April 19, 1865,
and is a son of William and Margaret (MacDonald) Thompson; the
father was born in 1825, and died in 1913 at the advanced age of
eighty-seven years. John Thompson, the grandfather, was born in
the south of Ireland. Alexander MacDonald, the maternal grand-
father, was a native of Ft. William, Scotland, from which country
he came to Nova Scotia when a young man and settled on a farm
near Antigonish. The paternal grandfather came to this country
among the early settlers and located at Antigonish, where he engaged
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 31 1
in farming, also followed his trade of shoemaker. The father of
our subject spent the major portion of his life at Cloverville.
Rev. Dr. Alexander M. Thompson received his education in the
district schools and St. Francis Xavier College, Antigonish, then went
to Rome, Italy, and entered Urban College. He was ordained in
1890, and received his degree of Doctor of Divinity that year. Re-
turning to Xova Scotia he took up teaching in St. Francis Xavier
College, where he continued teaching for about fifteen years. In
1898 he became rector and discharged his duties as such until 1900,
when he came to Glace Bay and has since had charge of St. Anne's
Church in that town. He is regarded as a man of high intellectual
attainments by all who know him.
FRAXCIS WILLIAM GRAY.
Francis William Gray, chief clerk for the Dominion Coal Com-
pany at Glace Bay, came to Xova Scotia in 1904, and at that time
engaged with the Dominion Coal Company as chief clerk, which
position he has since held. He is a mining engineer by profession,
having received his theoretical training at the Sheffield University,
England, taking the mining course there from 1907 to 1909, and
being also on the teaching staff for four years prior to coming to
Canada. He received practical training at Wharncliffe Silkstone Col-
lier}', South Yorkshire, where he served in various capacities above
and below ground for fourteen years. He is a member of the Mid-
land Institute of Mining Engineers, England, also a member of
the Canadian Mining Institute and the Mining Society of Xova
Scotia. He is a frequent contributor to various technical journals on
subjects connected with coal mining, having first begun writing in
1903. Among other contributions have been papers on Ankylostom-
iasis, the Miners' Worm Disease, to the Transactions of the British
Institution of Mining Engineers, in 1903, and on the same subject
to the Journal of the Mining Society of Nova Scotia in 1907. Papers
relating to the use of breathing appliances in mines, Trans. Inst. Min.
Eng. (Eng.) and to the Canadian Mining Institute from 1909 to
1911, on the Coal Fields and Coal Industry of Eastern Canada,
Trans. Inst. Ming. Eng. (England) 1912, etc. He is a Royal Arch
Mason, and a Methodist. He was born April 15, 1877. He married
in 1907, Helen M. Polden, of \Vath-on-Dearne, Yorkshire, England.
312 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
ALEXANDER YOUNG McDONALD.
One of the most enterprising and successful of the younger
generation of men of affairs of Glace Bay, Cape Breton, is Alexander
Young McDonald, who is stipendiary magistrate, a broker, an insur-
ance and real estate dealer, and interested in fur farming and many
other lines of endeavor. He is deserving of a great deal of credit
for what he has accomplished, for he has mounted the ladder of suc-
cess without the aid of anyone and by honest efforts, having from
the beginning of his career sought to do well whatever he undertook.
Mr. McDonald was born at Big Bras d'Or, Cape Breton, in Sep-
tember, 1879. He is a son of William and Rebecca (McLeman)
McDonald, the father a native of Big Bras d'Or and the mother of
Grand River, Richmond County. William McDonald, the grand-
father, was born in Inverness, Scotland, where his father, John
McDonald, was also born. The latter came to Nova Scotia in a very
early day, landing first at Pictou, then went to Sheubenacadie, where
he remained a short time, then removed to the Northwest Arm,
Sydney, where he engaged in farming a short time, then moved to
Big Bras d'Or and began improving a grant of land, clearing the
forest and putting it in cultivation, and there he experienced all the
hardships of pioneer life. He lived to an advanced age. The grand-
father of our subject continued to reside on this farm, and he reared
a family of eleven sons and one daughter. With the aid of his sons
he built two vessels, one of which was of over two hundred tons and
engaged in the West Indies trade. The vessels were commanded and
sailed by the sons, five of whom became captains. Their father lived
to be seventy-one years old.
William McDonald, the father of our subject, was reared on the
farm, but took up a seafaring life and became a captain, engaging
mostly in the trade between Nova Scotia and American ports. His
death occurred at the early age of forty-eight years. He received a
gold medal from the French Government for his bravery in rescuing
a crew of shipwrecked Frenchmen, on the Newfoundland coast, in a
raging sea, the French vessel having been given up for lost, his own
vessel being eighteen days overdue at Sydney, having been blown off
the coast. He held the speed record for sailing from Sydney to
Halifax at that time. His family consisted of six children, four
sons and two daughters, of whom the subject of this sketch was the
third in order of birth.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 313
Alexander Y. McDonald received a public school education and
followed various occupations when a boy; he went to sea for a time,
also followed mining and railroad construction work. In 1906 he
started in the real estate and insurance business at Glace Bay in
which he has been particularly successful. He is now vice-president
of Mac's-, Ltd., incorporated 1913, doing a large general brokerage,
insurance and transportation business throughout the entire island of
Cape Breton; also vice-president of Lococomagh Black Fox Com-
pany, and is interested in a number of other enterprises and business
ventures of a varied nature.
He is a Liberal in politics and takes an active part in public
affairs, but he has so far avoided political preferment. Fraternally,
he is a member of the Masonic Order, including the Knights Templar
and the Ancient Arabic Order of Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. He
also belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows.
WILLIAM F. CARROLL.
One of the leading citizens of Cape Breton is William F. Carroll,
lawyer and legislator of Glace Bay, who seems to be adapted by both
nature and disposition to the legal profession; his daily life is accen-
tuated by industry and activity. He never hesitates to work, is self-
reliant and confident in temperament. He is always cool, calm and
prepared, and, judging from his past record both in professional
and public arenas, we predict for him many years of usefulness and
honor in the future.
Mr. Carroll was born June 11, 1877, at Margaree Works. Xova
Scotia, and is a son of John and Ellen (Tumkins) Carroll, l>oth of
Irish origin. He was educated at St. Francis Xavier College, Anti-
gonish, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, where he received the
degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws. He is a bar-
rister and solicitor, having practiced his profession with much suc-
cess at Glace Bay for a number of years, in fact, is regarded as one
of the leaders of the bar in Cape Breton.
Mr. Carroll was married, September 14, 1906, to Helen Curry, a
daughter of William Curry, a well known citizen of Glace Bay, Cape
Breton, where Mrs. Carroll grew to womanhood and was educated.
To our subject and wife three children were born, namely: Frances
Adriout, Mary Helen and Charles Wilfred.
Mr. Carroll has long taken an active interest in public affairs.
314 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
He is a Liberal in politics and is regarded as one of the leaders of
his party in Cape Breton. He was a candidate for the House of
Assembly, Nova Scotia, in South Cape Breton on June 14, 1911, but
was defeated. He was first returned to the House of Commons at
the general election in 1911, and is filling his position in a faithful
and commendable manner. Religiously, he is a Roman Catholic.
JOSEPH SALTER, SR.
One of the leading ship builders of the early days in the Mari-
time Provinces, whose record is worthy of perpetuation on the pages
of history, was Joseph Salter, Sr., a man who was also highly
esteemed as a citizen.
Mr. Salter was born at Kennetcook, Hants County, Nova Scotia,
June 7, 1816. He left home at twelve years of age to attend the
National School at St. John, New Brunswick. After leaving school
he clerked for a firm in that city until he \vas eighteen years of age.
He then went to Halifax where he entered the office of Leander
Starr, and \vas soon promoted to the position of head clerk. While
in Mr. Starr's employ he made many trading voyages, as supercargo,
to the \Yest Indies and Africa (earning the soubriquet of "Africana"
from his friends). On one of these voyages circumstances com-
pelled him to lock the captain of the vessel in his cabin, which he
did at the point of a pistol, and take charge of the ship himself and
sail her to its destination. He earned thereby the praise and grati-
tude of the owners and others concerned, and an envied reputation
for a "youngster." On his third and last trip to Sierra Leone "the
white man's grave" made in the fall of 1839, in the twenty-third
year of his age, he had seven attacks of malaria before he could
leave the coast. At that time the slave traffic was at its height, and
many "slavers" were captured and brought into Sierra Leone, many
of them fine, fast vessels. Most of them were sawn into two parts
in order to prevent them being used again in the same trade. But
through the influence of proper authorities, Mr. Salter was enabled
to purchase one of them, the Brazilian brig Conceicao, which he
renamed the Clockmaker, and was also fortunate enough to secure
the freighting of about one hundred black recruits from Sierra
Leone to Barbadoes, for the Queen's Black Regiment there; but as
Dr. Ross, the officer who was to have taken charge of the recruits
for the voyage, was detained ae witness in a court-maritial and no
other officer available, his Excellency, Col. Doherty, sent for Mr.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 315
Salter and asked him to take charge, gave him his instructions, and
presented him with a sword. Mr. Salter at the time was second
lieutenant of the Third Halifax Regiment. On the voyage the only
white persons were Mrs. Montgomery and child, passengers, wife
and little son of Lieut. Montgomery, the mate of the vessel, and Mr.
Salter. They made a quick passage. On the way they were chased
by a supposed slaver, and armed themselves for a fight, but the
Clockmaker out-sailed her pursuer, and they escaped without a right.
After arriving at Barbadoes they proceeded to Demarara. where the
Black Regiment was at that time stationed. Alter safely landing his
cargo he sold his vessel, clearing one thousand pounds on the trans-
action in about forty days, from the purchase of the vessel. Later
he bought two vessels for the West India trade, but shortly there-
after he gave up seagoing and went into business with a brother
in St. John, New Brunswick. About that period he was married to
Margaret Sneden Shaw, of Granville Ferry, Nova Scotia.
It was not long after this until Mr. Salter began building ships
in Moncton, New Brunswick, where, between 1847 and 1857 he built
nineteen ships, one brig, one ketch, averaging over one thousand
tons each, the largest being the Maggie lliller of fifteen hundred and
eleven tons, and the War Spirit of fourteen hundred and forty-three
tons, and purchased forty-one other vessels, making in all sixty-two
vessels. Owing, principally, to the failure of a large English firm
to whom he had sold five thousand sterling worth of tonnage, Mr.
Salter was compelled to give up ship building, and began making oil
from shale, being the first to produce oil in that manner in New
Brunswick, and he was very successful in this venture, which he con-
tinued until oil wells in the United States were discovered, which
killed his business. Up to the time he discontinued ship building he
had crossed the Atlantic thirty-six times. In later life he removed
to Waverly, Nova Scotia, and became interested in gold mining, and
from there removed to Victoria Mines, first as agent and afterwards
became manager of the colliery there. Ten years later he located in
North Sydney, where he engaged in ship brokerage, wholesale coal
and lumber business, retiring in 1899, and was succeeded by his sons,
Sydney, Vibert and Joseph, Jr. Mr. Salter lived but one year after
retiring from active life, and passed to a well earned rest in 1900 at
the advanced age of eighty-four years. He had the respect of all
ho knew him, as he richly deserved. He was a man of public-spirit
and while a resident of Moncton, New Brunswick, served as the
3l6 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
town's first mayor, holding office two terms, during which he did
much for the general upbuilding of the place. He was always inter-
ested in the welfare of others and in his time was of much help to
young men starting out in life, and he subsequently received gratify-
ing letters from some of them, acknowledging their success, in a
great measure, to his assistance, instruction and good advice.
The following is self-explanatory and is worthy of reproduction
here: "Requisition, to Joseph Salter, Esq. The act for incorporat-
ing our town having passed the Legislature, the duty of selecting a
person to fill the responsible office of its first magistrate will soon de-
volve, we, whose names are appended hereto, citizens of Moncton,
request that you will allow yourself to be put in nomination as
mayor; and we pledge you our united and cheerful support. To
your enterprise is due, in great measure, the rapid growth of our
town, and therefore a continued manifestation of the same spirit,
we look forward to increased results. You have constantly mani-
fested a desire to aid all movements amongst us, of a philanthropic
nature and every institution which would tend to elevate and im-
prove our social condition. For these reasons, and from the respect
which we entertain for your character as a man of business, a citizen,
and a Christian, we are induced to form our test exertions to elevate
you to that position in our new town, which we are certain could not
be more worthily occupied by any other citizen. We have the honor
to remain, Your Obedient Servants, Peter McSweeny, J. P., Amasa
Weldon, J. P., and fifty-six others. Moncton, 24th April, 1855."
The following facts arq extracts from a lengthy article which
appeared in the Times Majority Number of Moncton in its issue of
December 11, 1889:
A central figure in Moncton of thirty-five years ago was Joseph
Salter. Mr. Salter removed to Bend in 1849, and commenced build-
ing on his then firm's account in the old ship-yard, foot of what is
now Mechanic street, which had been previously owned and occupied
by the late Stephen Binney. He continued building until the latter
fifties, during which period he launched twenty vessels averaging
one thousand tons each. These \essels were all built of hecmatic
and took the then highest classification for British North American
build. Some of these vessels are still afloat and doing good service.
Besides vessels built in their own yard, Mr. Salter's firm had built
for them several vessels of large tonnage. John L. Harris, now a
leading citizen of the town, at the head of several of the principal
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
317
business enterprises of the place, was at one time clerk for Mr.
Salter and it is very probable that much of his success is due to the
correct business training then received.
An incident occurred during Mr. Salter's business career in Monc-
ton which may be worth recalling. The hours of labor for a day's
work at that time were from sunrise to sunset in the summer season
and as long as one could see to work in winter. Finally the men 1_>e-
gan to talk up the ten hour system. On April n, 1853, the men
decided to ask for a ten hour day and if it was not granted to
strike. The concession was at once given, Mr. Salter thus being the
first to grant the ten-hour system, and for many years thereafter the
event was celebrated on the iith of April. At that time he also told
the men that if they would stay away from the grog shops he would
fit up for their use a reading room, equipped with chairs, tables,
books, etc. To this proposition the men readily agreed and Mr.
Salter, as the result of the friendly interest evidenced by him in the
welfare of his men, ever after retained a warm (place in their
affections.
We also quote the following extract from an article which ap-
peared in a Halifax newspaper under a Moncton date line.
In a paper read by Edward McCarty before the Moncton board of
trade on the early history of the place, he said: "1 wish to bring
again to notice the late Joseph Salter. After closing his ship build-
ing business he having full confidence in the natural resources of the
country, turned his attention to the mountains of oil shale situated
at Baltimore in Albert County, on the opposite side of Petitcodiac
from Moncton. He formed a company, erected a plant, and began
extracting crude oil by the retort process and carried on a fairly good
business. At that time there were no railroads in this locality and
all supplies had to be carried by teams. Coal for the retorts had to be
drawn seven or eight miles, up the mountain part of the way, which
was very expensive. At this time companies were boring for oil in
Petrolia and Pennsylvania, and when oil was struck in great abund-
ance, it was so cheap that the distilling of oil in this form was put
out of business. The plant was closed and dismantled and the
material sold. The promoter left New Brunswick, went to Sydney,
Cape Breton, and carried on a ship broker's business for many years.
He passed away but a few years ago, honored and respected by all
who knew him."
318 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
REV. WILLIAM F. KIELY.
Good work is being done in the Parish of St. Joseph's at North
Sydney, Nova Scotia, by Rev. William F. Kiely, who is a man who
finds his chiefest pleasure in humbly following the lowly Nazarene.
He was born at Lower South River, Antigonish County, Nova Sco-
tia, December 2. 1857. He is a son of John and Isabel (McKeough)
Kiely, the father a native of the same place in which our subject
was born, and the mother being born in Linwood, Antigonish County.
There his parents grew up, were educated, married and located their
future home. They each represented substantial pioneer families and
lived quiet, industrious and helpful lives.
Father Kiely grew to manhood in his native county and received
his early education in the parochial schools, later entering St. Francis
Xavier College at Antigonish, Nova Scotia, and completing his Theo-
logical course in the Grand Seminary at Montreal. He taught in the
public schools also in St. Francis Xavier College. Although a suc-
cessful teacher, his preference was for the active ministry of the
priesthood; and in 1889 was appointed pastor of the Parish at Main-
a-dieu, Cape Breton, to which at that time were annexed the missions
of Louisburg and Mira Ferry. In 1901, Louisburg becoming a sep-
arate parish, he was appointed its first resident pastor, where he re-
mained until 1908, when he became pastor of St. Joseph's Parish,
North Sydney, where he has since remained. In all these charges he
has done much work in erecting and enlarging parochial buildings, in
providing for growing needs along religious, charitable, benevolent,
and educational lines ; and has been popular with his people in these
communities.
KENNETH A. MAcCUISH, M. D.
An able and conscientious general physician of Glace Bay, Nova
Scotia, is Dr. Kenneth A. MacCuish, a man who has spared neither
time nor expense in properly equipping himself for his life work, and
he deems it a privilege not to be lightly regarded to bring succor to
the sick and afflicted.
He was born in St. Peters, Cape Breton, and is a son of Alexan-
der and Jessie (McPhie) MacCuish, the father a native of Richmond
County, and the mother of Inverness County, Cape Breton. They
are both still living.
Dr. MacCuish received his early education in the common schools,
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 319
the Halifax Academy and later attended Dalhousie University, grad-
uating therefrom in 1903, with the degree of Doctor of Medicine.
In order to further equip himself for his chosen profession he took
a post-graduate course in London and Edinburgh. He began the
practice of medicine in Glace Bay in 1903, assistant to Dr. R. A. H.
McKeen, later forming a partnership with Dr. Calder, after the death
of Dr. McKeen in 1912, and he and Dr. Calder are still associated
in the practice and are enjoying an extensive and satisfactory
patronage.
Dr. MacCuish was married on September 15, 1911, to Harriet
McKinnon, a daughter of Hon. John McKinnon, who represented
Inverness County several years in the Legislature. The union of the
Doctor and wife has toen without issue.
Dr. MacCuish is a member of the Canadian Medical Association
and the Nova Scotia Medical Society. He belongs to the Presbyter-
ian Church.
NEIL F. McNEIL.
That Neil F. McNeil, of Glace Bay, Cape Breton County, has
been selected to discharge the duties of town clerk, is an indication
that he is not only a man of ability and public-spirit but also of
integrity and reliability; for it is not often the case in Nova Scotia
that incompetent and irresponsible men become public officials.
Mr. McNeil was born in the above named town and county,
February 7, 1866. He is a son of Malcolm and Ann McNeil, the
father a native of lona, Cape Breton County, and the mother was
torn at Grand Narrows, that county. Neil McNeil, the grandfather,
was a native of lona, Cape Breton County, and the mother was born
at Grand Narrows, that county. Neil McNeil, the grandfather, was
a native of Barra, Scotland, where he spent his earlier days, but was
young when he left there and came to Nova Scotia.
Malcolm McNeil, father of our subject, removed to Glace Bay
about 1864, where he married and engaged in mining. His death
occurred at the age of sixty-three years. His widow is still living.
To these parents only one child was torn, Neil F. McNeil of this
sketch. After attending the public schools a few years he engaged
in mining, later becoming check weighman for the miners, making
his home in Glace Bay the meanwhile. In 1901 he was appointed
city clerk, which position he has since filled to the satisfaction of all
320 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
concerned, doing his work well and treating the people with courtesy
and consideration.
Mr. McNeil was married July 26, 1892, to Alice Guthro, of
French Vale, Cape Breton County, where the family has long been
well established. She is a daughter of James Guthro.
Ten children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. McNeil, named as
follows : Steven J. was recently graduated from a school of pharm-
acy: Lucy is the wife of Albin Bates, a jeweler of Sydney; Katie
was graduated from Mt. St. Vincent College and is now at home ;
Anna is attending school; Matilda is also a student; James is attend-
ing school ; Malcolm is deceased ; Mary Josephine, Clara Agnes, and
Alice Marguerite are all attending school.
Politically, Mr. McNeil is a Literal. He is a Catholic, and be-
longs to the Knights of Columbus, also the Catholic Mutual Benefit
Association.
REV. T. CHALMERS JACK, D. D.
That "man liveth not to himself alone" is an assurance that is
amply verified in all the affairs of life, but its pertinence is the more
patent in those instances where persons have so employed their
talents, so improved their opportunities and so marshaled their forces
as to gain prestige which finds its angle of influence ever broadening
in practical beneficence and human helpfulness. One of the well-
known divines of Nova Scotia who has labored to good purpose and
is eminently deserving of the high esteem in which he is universally
held is Rev. T. Chalmers Jack. D. D., Presbyterian minister of North
Sydney.
He was born at St. James' Manse, near St. Stephen, New Bruns-
wick, in the year 1850, and is a son of the late Rev. Lewis Jack, often
referred to in the later years of his life as "the father of the Presby-
terian church in New Brunswick.'' His mother was a McKenzie.
Rev. T. Chalmers Jack was educated at the St. John Grammar
School and the New Brunswick University, from which institution
he was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1876, and at
the same time received the Douglas gold medal. He then followed
the theological course in the Presbyterian College at Halifax, Nova
Scotia, where he was graduated in 1879. This institution conferred
upon him the degree of Doctor of Divinity in 1906. He was ad-
mitted licentiate at Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, April i8th, and was
ordained by the Presbytery of Halifax on October i4th, 1899. He
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 32!
was pastor of St. David's church at Maitland, this Province, from
1879 to 1896. Since then he has been pastor of St. Matthew's church
at North Sydney, where he has done an excellent work. His long
retention here would indicate that the people are highly pleased with
his services and that he is popular with his congregation. He is not
only a good pastor but an unusually logical, earnest and ofttimes
eloquent pulpit orator, and is profoundly versed in the Scriptures.
Rev. Dr. Jack is a member of the Nova Scotia Historical Society,
and he is the author of various historical and biographical sketches.
In theology he belongs to the Liberal school. Politically, he was a
Conservative up to 1896, when he became a supporter of Sir \Yilfrecl
Laurier on the Manitoba school question. The Montreal Star said
of him that he was able, energetic and forceful, and the late Dr.
Robert Murray had this to say of him : "An accomplished scholar, a
profound theologian, and, as regards a practical theology, an adept."
JOHN McCORMICK.
The pioneer immigrants to Nova Scotia, of which number the late
John McCormick was one, were heroic, sincere and, in the main,
upright people, such as constitute the strength of the Province. It is
scarcely probable that in the future of the world another such period
can occur as that during which they flocked from the Old \Yorld to
the newer Canadian country, or, indeed, any period when such a
solid phalanx of strong-minded men, and noble self-sacrificing women
will take possession of a new country. It is entirely proper that their
names should be preserved on the pages of history and their deeds
held up before the rising generations, fit for emulation.
John McCormick was- born in Inverness-shire, Scotland, in the
year 1818, and there he spent his boyhood, \xrng nearly ten years old
when, in 1827, his parents brought him to Cape Breton. He was a
son of Donald McCormick and wife, whose family consisted of seven
children.
Our subject received only a limited education. He devoted his
life principally to coal mining. Upon reaching manhood he married
Catherine McDonald, who was born in Nun Town, Inverness-shire,
Scotland, from which country she came to Nova Scotia when young.
To our subject and wife thirteen children were born, seven of whom
survive at this writing, namely: Catherine S.. deceased; Donald is
married and living in Sydney Mines; Flora Ann, Isabelle, and Charles
(21)
322 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
R. are all three deceased; Mary J. is married and living in Boston;
John, who is unmarried, is a merchant in Sydney Mines; Isabelle,
the second, is deceased; Joseph is deceased; Elizabeth lives at home;
Agnes is married and living in North Sydney, Cape Breton; Matilda,
the youngest daughter, is unmarried; Alex C. is the present mayor of
Sydney Mines, is single, and is engaged in the mercantile business
with his brother John.
The McCormicks are Roman Catholics.
The death of John McCormick occurred at Sdyney Mines in
1887. He was a man of many fine traits of character, and was
highly respected.
ANGUS STEWART.
The late Angus Stewart enjoyed distinctive prestige among the
enterprising men and public officials of Sydney Mines, Xova Scotia,
of a past generation. He was always interested in every enterprise
for the welfare of the community and liberally supported every
movement calculated to benefit his fellow men. Although the last
chapter in his life drama has been brought to a close, his influence
for good is still felt in the locality long honored by his residence, for
he was a man in whom the utmost confidence could be reposed, al-
ways making good his promises, was kind to the unfortunate, and a
man whom all respected and admired.
Mr. Stewart, who was chief magistrate of Sydney Mines at the
time of his death, was born in that town on June 2, 1868. He was a
son of Hugh and Christina (Ferguson) Stewart, both natives of
Cape Breton, where they grew up and received their education, and
they were married in Sydney Mines. The father was an engineer.
His family consisted of eight children, six of whom are still living.
The death of Hugh Stewart, the father, occurred February 3, 1914,
and his wife died June 27, 1903.
Angus Stewart grew to manhood in his native vicinity. He was
a self-made man, having had little opportunity to attend school, and
he educated himself for the most part, attending night school for a
time. When eleven years old he worked at the mines near his home,
and, being faithful and wide-awake, his rise was rapid. For a period
of twenty-three years he occupied the responsible position of colliery
accountant with the Nova Scotia Steel and Coal Company, rising
from the ranks of a tally boy to chief clerk in the general office of the
General Mining Association. During the last seven years of his life
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 323
he was also secretary-treasurer of the Sydney Mines Friendly So-
ciety, which position he filled acceptably to the satisfaction of the
workmen. He was also identified and a valued member of the
Masonic Order and took much interest in the executive work of St.
Andrew's Presbyterian church, being the treasurer for a period of
twenty years before he resigned a few years prior to his death. He
was also a member of Archangel Division, Sons of Temperance, and
the Victoria L. O. L. All these organizations had cause to regret
the death of an enthusiastic worker and benefactor.
Mr. Stewart was a Liberal in politics. In the year 1900 he was
elected to the Town Council, which office he filled until ex-Mayor
McCormick retired in 1906. when he was elected by acclamation to
the important position of chief magistrate, retaining the office until
1911, when he was defeated for the first time by ex-Mayor D. G.
Macdonald. The following year he declined a nomination, but was
returned in 1913 and 1914. His ministerial career was a labor of
love and self-denial in behalf of the town. Always sincere, the
lamented mayor tried to do his best to promote the people's interests,
and if he failed in any cause it must be said he did his duty until the
last fearlessly and without discrimination. In private life he was an
ideal citizen, and always prepared to assist his fellow man.
Mr. Stewart was married December 25, 1906, in Glace Bay to
Mary Fletcher, a native of Gardner Mines, the date of her birth being
July 1 8, 1879. She is a daughter of Thompson and Sarah (Fergu-
son) Fletcher, natives of England and Mira. Cape Breton County,
respectively. Mr. Fletcher came to Nova Scotia when a young man
and married in Sydney. He worked many years in the mines as an
underground manager. His death occurred May 30, 1913, but his
widow is still living, making her home in Glace Bay.
To Mr. and Mrs. Stewart three children were born, two sons and
one daughter, namely: Robert Sydney Bridge, born October i,
1907; Russell Fletcher, born September 30, 1911; and Jean Augusta,
born March 13, 1913. Mrs. Stewart has a pleasant home in Sydney-
Mines.
Mrs. Stewart and children belong to the Presbyterian church.
Four brothers survive our subject, namely: Walter, of the Gen-
eral Office clerical staff; Neil, train dispatcher; Wilson, head clerk of
the general warehouse; and John Duncan, town councillor; also two
sisters, Mrs. Arnold Ernest and Mrs. Edward Brown.
The death of Angus Stewart occurred after six months of ill
324 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
health on December 8, 1914. His remarkable vitality manifested
itself shortly before his death, when, for the first time, during his
serious illness, he realized that the end was near, and, summoning his
family together, admonished them to be of good courage, and bear
the burden of his death calmly. "My work is done on earth; I go
to meet my Father in Heaven, and all will be well." His farewell
words, consoling and pathetic, have done much to soothe the grief of
his family and friends. He passed away confident of a glorious and
triumphant resurrection. The many expressions of sorrow by the
citizens of Sydney Alines regarding the death of the late mayor,
testified to the universal esteem in which he was held by all. Such a
young man forty-six years of age his future service to the town
would no doubt have been in the best interests of the public. All
regretted the death of the worthy mayor a man who devoted his
years for the uplift and betterment of the town.
ALEXANDER C. THOMPSON.
It is not too much to say that it is possible for every able-bodied
young man to prepare against those periods of misfortune and ill
luck which await all mankind somewhere down the path of life; but
some, instead of doing so, trust to luck, which is an elusive and cap-
ricious thing, and so, believing in the optimism of the future, they
spend all on the present. It seems that Alexander C. Thompson, suc-
cessful business man of Xorth Sydney, Nova Scotia, has been wiser,
his prudence having urged him to pursue a different course, and so
by hard, persistent work and able management he finds himself very
comfortably fixed in his old age.
Mr. Thompson was born at East Village, Colchester County,
September 21, 1843. He is a son of Joshua and Mary (Spencer)
Thompson. The father was born at Great Village in 1799, and there
also occurred the mother's birth in 1805. There they grew up and
were married and established their future home in the county in
which their parents were pioneer settlers.
Alexander C. Thompson grew to manhood in his native village
and there attended the public schools. He has devoted his life to
business lines and for many years has followed mercantile pursuits
and manufacturing successfully at North Sydney. He was married
on November 27, 1866, to Eliza Jane Sutherland, of Pictou, a daugh-
ter of Hector and Margaret Sutherland. Eleven children have been
born to our subject and wife, namely: Anna I., Hector Willard
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 325
Sutherland, Mary Isabel, Margaret Spencer, George Hockins, Alex-
ander Charles, John Raymond, Jennie Mary, Joshua Howard, Mur-
dock Lewis, Florence Patterson.
Politically, Mr. Thompson is a Liberal, but he has never been
active in public affairs, nor held office. He is a member of the
Masonic lodge.
ROBERT ROBERTSON.
Holding the position of mine manager at the Sydney Mines, Cape
Breton, Robert Robertson is a man who has made a record that is
worthy of perpetuation within these pages, as we will readily ascer-
tain by a study of the same in the following paragraphs, for it is only
a few of the workers in his line who rise to the work of a manager.
It shows that he has done his work well and has been trustworthy.
Mr. Robertson was born in Rutherglen (Royal Borough) Scot-
land, February 25, 1855. He is a son of Robert and Margaret
(Wilson) Robertson. The father was born in 1835 and died in
1907; the mother was born in 1837 and died in 1906. Robert Rob-
ertson, Sr., devoted his life to mining. His family consisted of
fifteen children, ten of whom are still living.
Our subject left school when ten years of age, starting to work
in the coal mines in Scotland, and he continued studying at home and
in night school. He has became a very well-informed man, and last
year he finished his fiftieth year as miner. He came to Halifax,
January i, 1889, and he moved to Sydney Mines, Cape Breton, in
1890, and went to work for the old General Mining Association, now
the Nova Scotia Steel & Coal Company, the concern assuming owner-
ship in 1901. When our subject came to Sydney Mines in 1890 he
was made underground manager of Mine No. i. He and his family
returned to Scotland at the end of 1894 and remained there eight
years, coming back to Sydney Mines in 1902. In 1908 he was made
manager of No. 5 Colliery, which position he now holds. He has
given entire satisfaction in all the positions he has held, for he under-
stands every phase of mining and is faithful and honest in his work.
Mr. Robertson was married July 12, 1878, in Glasgow, Scotland,
to Agnes Fender, who was born in Scotland in the little village of
Old Carnbroe. She is a daughter of William and Mary (Paterson)
Fender.
Six children have been born to our subject and wife, namely:
Mary lives in Sydney, Cape Breton; Margaret lives in Scotland;
326 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Agnes lives in Sydney Mines; Elizabeth lives in Saskatchewan;
Robert, who is in France with the Twenty-fifth Battalion, is fight-
ing for his country in the present great war; William Fender is at
home.
Politically, Mr. Robertson is an independent voter. He belongs
to the Masonic Order, and he and his family are members of the
Methodist Church.
MAJOR THOMAS MILLIDGE.
Major Thomas Millidge, of Xew Jersey. Previous to the Revolu-
tion, he was Surveyor General of that colony. He entered the mili-
tary service, and was major of the First Battalion of New Jersey
Volunteers raised by Skinner. At the close of the war he went to
New Brunswick, and made a survey of the River St. Croix, and the
waters adjacent. He settled in Nova Scotia and was a colonel in
the militia. He died at Granville, Annapolis County, in 1816, aged
eighty-one. Mercy, his widow, survived him four years, and died
at Annapolis at the age of eighty-one. His son Thomas was an
eminent merchant, a magistrate, and a member of the House of
Assembly and resided at St. John, New Brunswick, until his decease,
at the age of sixty-two.
EDWARD LAVIN GIRROR.
A high purpose and a strong will, together with virile mental
powers, close application to books and devotion to duty have made
Edward Lavin Girror, successful barrister of Antigonish, Nova
Scotia, eminently useful. His individuality is impressed upon any
work with which he is connected and he has ever been ready to
assume any amount of responsibility and labor incurred in accom-
plishing his ends, when he once has decided that he is right.
Mr. Girror was born August 26, 1871, at Tracadie, Nova Scotia,
and is a son of William and Annie (Lavin) Girror, the former a
French-Canadian and the latter of Irish extraction.
Our subject grew up in his native town and there attended the
public schools, then entered St. Francis Xavier College there, where
he was graudated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He then
took the law course at Dalhousie University, where he made an
excellent record, graduating with the degree of Bachelor of Laws.
He was married May 14, 1902, to Loretta Maude Corhim, a
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 327
daughter of William Corhim, of Halifax, Nova Scotia. Mrs. Gir-
ror's death occurred October 2, 1907, leaving the following children:
Frances Cecilia, Marguerite and Edward Lavin, Jr.
After being admitted to the bar, Mr. Girror began the practice
of his profession in his home town where he has remained to the
present time, enjoying a large and growing practice all the while.
He has kept well abreast of the times in all that pertains to his
profession and is regarded as a safe, faithful and honorable lawyer.
Politically, he is a Conservative, and he was the candidate of his
party for the House of Commons in 1900, 1905 and 1908. He was
defeated in 1900 by two hundred and sixty-seven votes, in 1905 by
two hundred and thirty-six votes, and in 1908 by twenty votes. He
was first elected to the Legislative Assembly in 1911 at the general
election. He represented the County of Antigonish in the Legisla-
ture for about one year, when he was appointed to the Senate. He
has filled this office very ably and very acceptably. Religiously, he is
a Roman Catholc.
CHARLES JOHN HOYT.
Faithfulness to duty, persistence in the pursuit of a worthy object
and a desire to be of service to those about him while laboring for
his own advancement have been some of the principles which have
been dominating factors in the career of Charles John Hoyt, super-
intendent of the Western Union Telegraph and Cable station at North
Sydney, Cape Breton, in which city he has made his home for some
time and where he has made many friends.
Mr. Hoyt was born in Bridgetown, Annapolis County. Nova Sco-
tia, May 9, 1854. He is a son of Charles and Sarah Jane (Quick)
Hoyt, the former born May 9, 1822, and the latter on February 14.
1822. Our subject is a descendant of Col. Jesse Hoyt, who came to
Nova Scotia from Oyster Bay, New York, in 1775. about the com-
mencement of the Revolutionary War. He was a descendant of
Simon Hoyt, who was a native of Somerset, England, from which
country he immigrated to the United States about 1620, a few years
after the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers in the Mayflower. Thus
the Hoyts are among the oldest American families, and many of them
have been prominent in various walks of life.
Charles J. Hoyt grew up in his native county and received a
practical public school elucation. Learning telegraphy when a young
man, he became proficient in the same and has been one of the trusted
328 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
employes of the Western Union Telegraph Company for many years
and as superintendent of the telegraph and cable station at North
Sydney he is doing his work faithfully and acceptably.
Mr. Hoyt was married on October n, 1880, to Elizabeth Mary
Vooght, the eldest daughter of John and Elizabeth (Pugsley)
Vooght, of North Sydney, where Mrs. Hoyt spent her girlhood and
was educated. One child has been torn to our subject and wife
Wilbert Vooght Hoyt.
Mr. Hoyt is a member of the Church of England.
DANIEL MCNEIL.
A barrister of intense energy and application, Daniel McNeil, of
Inverness, Cape Breton, lias won a position in the front ranks of
his profession, in which he is what might be denominated a student
lawyer. He knows enough to know it by intuition and experience.
that to be a good lawyer, a successful one, means hard study and
devotion to the profession and he has accordingly remained a close
student of all that pertains to legal matters.
Mr. McNeil was born at Hillsborough, Inverness County, Nova
Scotia. January 31, 1853. He is a SON of Malcolm and Ellen
(Meagher) McNeil. The father was born at Mabou, Inverness
County, February 2, 1823, and his death occurred September 19,
1877; the mother was born at Brook Village, this Province, 1830,
and she died June 16, 1887. Roderick McNeil, the grandfather,
was a native of Scotland; his wife, Catherine Campbell, was a na-
tive of Cape George, Antigonish County, Nova Scotia. They were
married at Judique, this Province, the grandfather having been a
young man when he emigrated from his native land. He devoted his
active life to the fishing business and farming. Daniel Meagher, the
maternal grandfather, was born in County Kilkenny, Ireland, and his
wife, Mary O'Brien, was a native of Mabou, Inverness County, she
having been the first female white child born in that district. Grand-
father Meagher devoted his life to farming.
Daniel McNeil spent his boyhood days at Hillsborough and there
he attended the common schools, later entered St. Francis Xavier
College at Antingonish. He read law in law offices in Halifax, and,
upon being admitted to the bar he formed a partnership with Samuel
MacDonnell, King's Counsel, at Port Hood, Inverness County, which
partnership continued successfully until 1883. Our subject remained
in practice in Port Hood until 1892, when he removed to the city of
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 320
Halifax and continued the practice of his profession there during a
period of thirteen years, during which he enjoyed a large and lucra-
tive practice and figured prominently in the leading cases in various
courts. In 1905 he returned to his native county and was made
postmaster at Inverness in 1914, the duties of which office he is still
discharging in a highly satisfactory manner. He has continued the
practice of law here with much success. Politically, he is a Con-
servative. He filled the responsible position of executive of Xova
Scotia from 1886 until 1893, and he was made King's Counsel in
1907. Religiously, he is a Roman Catholic.
Air. McNeil was married on August 4, 1881, to Margaret E.
MacDonnell, a daughter of James MacDonnell, of Port Hood. Her
mother, who was known in her maidenhood as Charlotte Fuller, was
a native of Arichat. Richmond County.
To our subject and wife the following children were born:
Mary E., born April 24, 1882, is single; Ada E., born June 27, 1883,
is married and lives in Halifax; James M., born July if>, i88s, died
June 15, 1905; Honora T., born October 29, 1886, died November
8, 1886; Xeil A., born August 25, 1888, is single; John Alexander
and Honora Josephine, the latter a nun. are twins, and were l>orn
September 30, 1889; John B., who was third in order of birth, was
born June 25, 1884, and died June 26, 1884.
WILLIAM COLEN CHISHOLM.
One of the best known citizens of Antigonish, both town and
county, is William Colen Chisholm, formerly a successful merchant,
but for many years now he has been collector of customs, but
whether in private, business or public life, his record has been above
all idle cavil.
Mr. Chisholm was born at Guysborough Intervale, Guysborough
County, Nova Scotia, December 2, 1856. He is a son of Colen
Chisholm, Esq., and Chirshenn Chisholm, the former a native of
Strathglass, Scotland, and the latter of that place also. There they
grew up and spent their earlier years, but eventually came to Nova
Scotia and established the future home of the family.
William C. Chisholm received his education in the common
schools at Guysborough Intervale and Guysborough Academy. He
operated a general store at Heatherton, Nova Scotia, for thirty years
and enjoyed a good business as a result of his enterprise and good
management. Taking an active interest in public affairs, he became
330 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
county councillor which position he held nine years, and was warden
o-f Antigonish County for six years. He is now collector of customs
for Antigonish. As a public servant he has always given eminent
satisfaction.
Mr. Chisholm was married, first, in 1895, to Isabell McDonald,
a daughter of Murdock McDonald, of Coffer Lake, Antigonish
County. His second wife was known in her madienhood as Ann
Chisholm.
Our subject is a Roman Catholic. He has been a member of the
Catholic Mutual Benefit Association for twenty-three years.
ARCHIBALD FERGUSON.
Each man who strives to fulfill his part in connection with human
life and human activities is deserving of recognition, whatever may
be his field of endeavor, and it is the function of works of this nature
to prepare for future generations an authentic record concerning
those represented in its pages. Thus \ve give herewith a brief sketch
of Archibald Ferguson, district mine manager at Florence, Cape
Breton. He was born May 24, 1863, at Port Morien, Cape Breton,
and is a son of Malcolm and Mary (McLean) Ferguson, both natives
of Scotland. The father came to Canada when seventeen years of
age, locating in Cape Breton, and the mother was a young girl when
her parents brought her to this country. The parents of our subject
were married in Sydney Mines. They later estbalished their home in
Port Morien where their deaths occurred, the father's in 1901 and
the mother's in 1900. They weve the parents of nine children, eight
of whom are still living, namely: John, Daniel (deceased), Kate,
Archibald (subject), Christie, Don Hughie, Angus, John and Alex-
ander.
Archibald Ferguson received a limited education and he began
working in the mines when fourteen years of age at Port Morien,
then went to Low Point in 1884, where he followed mining, [n
1889 he was made overman in the mine there. In February, 1901,
he went, to the Gardner Mine with J. T. Burchell as underground
manager. In 1893 he moved to New Campbellton, Victoria County,
Cape Breton, taking the position of underground manager at Bur-
chell Mine, remaining there until 1907, then went to work for the
Dominion Iron & Steel Company, prospecting for about six months.
In the fall of 1907 he came to Sydney Mines and went to work for
the Nova Scotia Steel & Coal Company as underground manager of
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 331
mine colliery No. 2. In the fall of 1908 he was made manager of
No. 2 Colliery, and was transferred to Colliery No. 4 as manager in
May, 1912. In February, 1914, he was made district superintendent
of Nos. 3 and 4 collieries, which position he -still holds, giving his
usual faithful and high-grade service.
Mr. Ferguson was married August 24, 1896, in New Campbell-
ton, Cape Breton, to Catherine A. Campbell, who was torn, reared
and educated in that town, the date of her birth being January 8,
1874. She is a daughter of Capt. Angus and Lexcina (Carr ) Camp-
bell, natives of the British Isles, from which country they came to
Cape Breton when young and married in New Campbellton.
To our subject and wife four children have been born, namely:
Angus C, born June 15, 1897; Malcolm D.. born April 25. 1899;
Alexandra Mary, and James A., born August 26, 1909. They are
all at home with their parents.
Politically, Mr. Ferguson is a Liberal, and his family are members
of the Presbyterian Church. He belongs to the Independent Order
of Odd fellows.
EDGAR NELSON RHODES.
By wise and judicious legislation, a barrier has been interposed
against an easy, and miscellaneous invasion of the legal profession,
and those who propose to enter it must submit to the rigid require-
ments of the law. The prescribed years of study must l>e observed,
the ordeal of examination must be borne, and fixed grades and stand-
ards must be touched before the applicant can cross the statutory line
that separates him from the bar. The result is the profession draws
its nutriment from a more intellectual class men fitted for the pro-
fession. One such gentleman is Edgar Nelson Rhodes, lawyer and
legislator of Amherst, Nova Scotia.
Mr. Rhodes, who is of Scotch-Irish ancestry, is the only son of
the late Nelson A. Rhodes, a native of Amherst, this Province, where
his family settled in an early day. and there he grew to manhood,
established his home and became a prominent man of affairs, being
the founder of R. Curry & Company, Limited. The mother of our
subject was known in her maidenhood as Sarah Davidson Curry, a
daughter of Charles Curry, of Falmouth, Nova Scotia.
Edgar N. Rhodes was born at Amherst, January 5, 1877, and
here he grew to manhood and received his. education in the public
schools, later was a student at Horton College and Acadia Univer-
332 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
sity, being graduated from the latter institution in 1900, with the
degree of Bachelor of Arts. He then entered the law department of
Dalhousie University, from which he was graduated with the degree
of Bachelor of Laws in 1902, and in that year was admitted to the
bar. He began the practice of his profession at Amherst, where he
has since remained and has built up a large and growing practice,
being retained in many important cases. He is also active in busi-
ness affairs and is a director in the Canadian Rolling Stock Com-
pany, Limited, Amherst Boot and Shoe Company, Limited; Amherst
I 'ianos, Limited ; president Brooklyn Lumber Company, Limited ;
member of Board of Governors of Acadia University.
Politically, he is a Conservative and is active in the affairs of his
party. He has sat for Cumberland County in the House of Com-
mons since 1908, and his record is a praiseworthy one.
Mr. Rhodes is a member of the Halifax Club of Halifax, and
the Rideau Club of Ottawa. The Toronto Ncu'S has referred to him
as "A man of forceful personality," and other newspapers have
spoken most favorably of him. He was married in July, 1905, to
M. Grace Pipes, the second daughter of the late Hon. M. T. Pipes,
King's Counsel, and .Attorney-General of Xova Scotia.
ROBERT CHARLES' FULLER.
The subject of this biographical review was born at Wendover,
Buckinghamshire, England, March 5, 1851. He is a son of diaries
H. and Charlotte S. (Rose) Euller. The father was born at Adding-
ton, Surry, England, June 19, 1821, and his death occurred March
10, 1880. The mother was born at Wendover, England, April 15,
1821, and died November 2, 1874. These parents grew to maturity
in their native land and were married there. The family came to
Nova Scotia in 1865, locating in Halifax, but later removed to
Hants County, where the parents spent the rest of their lives and
died. Eleven children were born to them in England and one after
coming to Nova Scotia ; nine are still living.
Robert C. Fuller grew to manhood in England and there re-
ceived a practical education along general lines. After coming to
Nova Scotia he learned the drug business in Halifax under the late
M. F. Eagar, removing to Amherst in 1874 and began clerking for
Dr. Nathan Tupper, his father-in-law, later buying out his employer,
and in 1881 engaged in .the drug business for himself under the firm
name of R. C. Fuller & Company, wholesale and retail druggists.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 333
This business was founded by the late Sir Charles Tupper in 1843,
being the first drug store in Cumberland County. By his enterprise,
sound judgment and honest dealings, Mr. Fuller has built up a large
and important business at Amherst, which is constantly growing with
advancing years. In 1892 he took in John W. Morrison as a partner.
Mr. Fuller was married September 5, 1877, to Sophia R. Tupper,
a daughter of Dr. Nathan and Ellen ( Bent ) Tupper, of Amherst.
To this union three children have been born, namely : C. Beatrice,
who married Prof. W. M. Steele, a son of Rev. Dr. Steele, of Am-
herst; Professor Steele died in 1905, leaving a wife and one daughter;
Roy T., born in 1881. died July 11, 1905; R. Laurie, born May 24,
1886, died September 16. 1887. Mr. Fuller's wife is a niece of the
late Sir Charles Tupper, Bart.
Politically, Mr. Fuller is a Conservative, and he is a member of
the Church of England.
ALEXANDER DAVID ROSS.
The field of journalism in Nova Scotia has an able exponent in
the person of A. David Ross, of the Amherst Daily News, a man
who is progressive in his ideas and methods and a booster for his
town and country. He was born in Piedmont Valley, Pictou County,
November 24, 1868, and is a son of David and Margaret ( Robert-
son) Ross. He received his education in the New Glasgow schools
and the Amherst Academy, and began life for himself by teaching
school, which he continued from 1887 to 1904 with much success,
his services being in good demand. In 1898 he turned his attention
to journalism, becoming editor of the above-named excellent news-
paper where he has continued his work to the present time. During
this period of seventeen years he has greatly increased the value, in-
fluence and popularity of the News, which is now regarded as one of
the best newspapers in the Province. He has made it influential from
an editorial standpoint and a valuable advertising medium. He
served for eight years as secretary of the Amherst Board of Trade,
and as a member of the executive board of the Technical School.
Politically, he is an Independent; religiously, a Presbyterian; and
fraternally, a member of the Ancient Free and Accepted Masons.
He was married to Florence Goldsmith, a daughter of Charles H.
Goldsmith, of Annapolis Royal, September 4, 1894. To this union
two sons have been born, namely : Ronald M. and Wilfred A. G.
334 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
MURDOCK D. MAcASKILL.
Few men are better known in Nova Scotia than Murdock D.
MacAskill, of Eaddeck, few occupy a more conspicuous place in
public affairs, and it is a compliment worthily bestowed to class him
with the representative men of Cape Breton Island, where the Mac-
Askills have been influential for several generations back. He was
born at Big Baddeck, and is of Scotch parentage. He is the type
of citizen on which the hope of Canada is based and which has made
Xova Scotia a name that is borne with pride and looked upon with
confidence wherever it is known.
His parents, Bannington and Elizabeth (MacPhee) MacAskill,
were natives of Scotland, the father of the Isle of Harris and the
mother of the Isle of Skye. They spent their earlier years in their
native land, immigrating to Nova Scotia in 1841 and here they were
married and settled on a farm on the Baddeck River, where they
spent the rest of their lives, having' established a comfortable home
through their industry and won the respect and esteem of their
neighbors.
Murdock D. MacAskill had the advantage of. the best schools in
his country during his youth, and in early manhood took up the pro-
fession of teaching. Later he assumed charge of his father's farm
and was counted one of the best agriculturists in his district. Always
alive to the advantages of improved methods he became a pioneer in
the introduction of many improvements in soil cultivation. In 1890,
at the age of twenty-eight, he became associated with the firm of
Mackay, MacAskill & Company, of Baddeck. To the new field of
business Mr. MacAskill brought the same qualities of enthusiasm,
energy and painstaking effort that characterized his other endeavors,
and the rapid rise of the firm from one small building to the present
beautiful department store on Chebucto Street, the head of a chain
of four stores in Victoria County, is due in large measure to his
commanding personality and the confidence his probity inspires in
the buying public.
In religion, Mr. MacAskill is a Presbyterian, an elder in that
communion since his twenty-fifth year. He is nevertheless, a firm
believer in union and strong in the hope of some day seeing the dif-
ferent Protestant denominations united into one strong working
unit. He has always been a public-spirited citizen, taking an active
interest in all that pertains to the advancement of the community,
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 33 c
Province and Nation. In politics, an ardent Liberal, he held without
a break from 1895 to 1910 a seat at the Municipal Board as repre-
sentative of the District of Baddeck. For several years he was
warden of the County of Victoria, which position he resigned
when, in 1905, he was appointed sergeant-at-arms in the Legislature
of Nova Scotia, which position he still holds to the satisfaction oi
all concerned. No better evidence of how he stands in the estimation
of both sides of the House as its chief official than what was con-
tained in the Halifax Herald at the close of the session of 1914,
which was without doubt the most strenuous that the Legislature
ever held. The article in question appeared under the caption, "A
Popular Official," and was as follows: "Sergeant-at-Arms MacAs-
kill of the House of Assembly, leaves today for home. Although
he carries the sword and the emblem of authority, and can exercise
it, too, when need arises, there is no more popular man in either
branch of the Legislature."
We also quote herewith another newspaper article of interest :
"On Wednesday afternoon, March 15^1 inst., a pleasant event took
place at the House of Assembly. Immediately before the orders of
the day were called, Mr. J. C. Douglas, the- member for Cape Breton,
arose in his place in the House and said: 'Before the orders of the
day are called, I desire to call the attention of the Hous"e to an event
which must give great gratification to the meml>ers of both sides of
this house.' He referred to the return of his duties of Sergeant-at-
Arms MacAskill. Mr. Douglas said that this gentleman performed
the duties of his office during the past five years, with which he was
personally acquainted, in a manner which was a credit to himself as
well as a credit to the House. He said that he regretted personally,
as every honorable member did regret, that the genial sergeant-at-
arms was laid aside from his duties during the whole of the present
session up to the present time, on account of serious illness. He
ventured to remark that there wasi not one single member in the
House but who desired to congratulate both the House, on the return
of the genial sergeant-at-arms, as well as the sergeant-at-arms him-
self, on his return to health. He further said that duty, in the mind
of the gentleman referred to, spelt large, and it could be said that in
competence no officer attached to this House had so far justified
his office than this gentleman. His unfailing courtesy, kindness of
disposition and genial personality, were well known to all, and he
merely wished to say these few words at this time, as an evidence of
336 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
the appreciation for his qualities of head and heart, and to congratu-
late the gentleman and the House on his return to resume his im-
portant duties."
Mr. MacAskill was married on August 4, 1892, to Margaret
MacPhee, a daughter of Charles and Elizabeth (Buchanan) Mac-
Phee, both natives of the Isle of Skye, Scotland. John Buchanan,
Mrs. MacAskill's grandfather, was the first settler on Baddeck River,
Cape Breton.
To Mr. and Mrs. MacAskill the following children have been
born: Peter Daniel, born January 16, 1894, died April 3Oth of that
year; Elizabeth Victoria, born March 30, 1897; Charles Bannington,
born April 26, 1899; Duncan Cuyler, torn April 16, 1903, died No-
vember 1 2th of that year.
CHARLES REYNOLDS SMITH.
Whenever an attempt is made to write the history of a successful
enterprise or the worthy career of any man, it has been found that
ability, backed by energy and push, has been the basis of it all, and
this fact cannot fail to impress itself upon the writer of history
proper, or of the biographies of those who have achieved sufficient
distinction to make the record of their lives of interest to the public.
Charles Reynolds Smith, one of the influential citizens of Amherst,
Nova Scotia, owes his success in life to his own fighting qualities
the fighting ability that overcomes obstacles.
Mr. Smith was born in Amherst, Cumberland County, this Prov-
ince, November 18, 1854, and is a son of Robert Knowlton Smith,
who was born in Falmouth, Hants County, Nova Scotia, and Mary
Ann Gardner (Mitchell) Smith, who was a native of Ireland, where
her ancestors had long resided. The Smith family is of English ex-
traction. The father of our subject resided for many years during
the latter part of his life in Amherst and was one of the first mer-
chants there. He also held the office of justice of the peace for the
County of Cumberland, at that time considered a position of distinc-
tion, and was long regarded as one of the leading citizens of
Amherst.
Charles R. Smith was the youngest of a family of ten children,
seven sons and three daughters. He grew up in his native town and
received his education in Amherst Academy, and studied law with
his brother, J. T. Smith, still a practicing barrister at Amherst, and
subsequently entered the office of the late Hon. Hiram Blanchard,
Rhodes. Curry Co., Ltd. Christ Church-Anglican.
SC'KXKS IX AMIIERST.
Highland View Hosi)it;il. Victoria Street.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 337
King's Counsel, and the present Hon. Mr. Justice Meagher, in Hali-
fax. He was admitted to the bar January 10, 1876, and returned to
Amherst soon thereafter and has since been successfully engaged in
the practice of his profession at that place, ranking among the leaders
of the bar in Cumberland County. On a number of occasions he has
acted as Crown prosecutor, and on February 2, 1891, by Lord Stan-
ley of Preston, then Governor-General of Canada, was created a
King's Counsel, (or Queen's Counsel as it was then, the commission
having been issued during the reign of the late Queen Victoria).
Until 1909 Mr. Smith practiced alone when he took his eldest son,
Robert Knowlton Smith, LL. 13., into partnership, the business being
now carried on under the name of Charles R. & Robert K. Smith.
For one term the subject of this sketch was a member of the Am-
herst Town Council, and for eight years was a member of the Board
of School Commissioners for the town, being for seven years chair-
man of the board. At an earlier date in his life Mr. Smith took an
active interest- in military matters. He was graduated from the
Military School at Halifax, and for several years held the commis-
sion of captain of No. i Company in the then Cumberland Provis-
ional Battalion, now the Ninety-seventh; but business interfering he
retired from the active list.
He is also interested in many of the manufacturing and business
interests of Amherst, including the Canada Car & Foundry Com-
pany, Limited; the Amherst Boot & Shoe Company. Limited; Black-
ing & Mercantile Cmpany, Limited ; The Nova Scotia Carriage Com-
pany, Limited, and the Hewson Woollen Mills, Limited, having been
a director in the last three for a number of years. He is an active
member of the Canadian Club, also of the Marshlands Club and the
Amherst Golf Club; religiously, he is an adherent of the Church of
England.
In politics, Mr. Smith is a stanch Liberal-Conservative. He has
held the office of president of the party for his county, and on two
occasions contested the county for the local Legislature, but unsuc-
cessfully. Until recently he was a member of the Chief Executive
Committee for the Province.
In addition to his other activities the subject of this review has
for many years taken a great interest in Freemasonry, and for five
years held the position of Grand Master for his native Province, a
longer period than any other Grand Master here, except one of his
(22)
338 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
predecessors, the late General Laurie, recently deceased. Under Mr.
Smith's regime as Grand Master, and very largely through his efforts,
the Masonic Home at Windsor, Nova Scotia, for the care of poor,
old and deserving Masons and the widows of Masons, was estab-
lished and is doing splendid work along charitable lines for the
Fraternity.
Air. Smith was married on April 27, 1885, to Mary Gavin, of
Parrsboro, Cumberland County. She is a daughter of the late Alar-
tin Gavin, who, in his life time, was one of the leading citizens of
Parrsboro.
To our subject and wife the following children have been born:
Robert Knowlton. Rose, Vincent Reynolds, and Harry Arnold Smith.
all of whom arc living and residing in Amherst, except the second
son, Vincent R. Smith, B. A., LL. B.. who is practicing his profession
as a barrister with Messrs. Cross, Jonah, Hugg & Forbes, one of the
leading legal firms in Regina, Saskatchewan. In the fall of 1915
the oldest son, Robert K., enlisted for active service in connection
with the great European war, while Harry A., the youngest, is one
of the shell inspectors for Xova Scotia.
DAVID WILBUR FREEMAX.
A creditable representative of one of the oldest and best-known
families of Xova Scotia is David Wilbur Freeman, an enterprising
resident of Amherst, Xova Scotia, where he has been successfully
engaged in mercantile pursuits for some time, and he seems to have
inherited many of the commendable characteristics of his ancestors
which have made him not only a successful man of affairs but also a
good citizen.
Among the early English settlers who came to Cumberland
County, X T ova Scotia, was a young man of the name of William
Freeman, who was born in England in 1741. He arrived at the
Isthmus of Chignecto in 1765 and evidently came to the conclusion
that it was a goodly land for home makers, for we find that very
shortly after his arrival here he was united in marriage to Jerusha
Yeornans. Ministers were scarce and so one Denoni Danks, a justice
of the peace, and a man who played a prominent part in the early
history of this isthmus, performed the wedding ceremony. To this
union fourteen children were born, named as follows : Samuel, born
October 28, 1766; Sarah, Xovember i, 1767; William and Jerusha
(twins), March 27, 1770; Samuel (the second), born March 10,
HISTOKY OK NOVA SCOTIA. 339
1772; Joshua, March 28, 1774; Elizabeth, May 26, 1776; Dorothy,
November 5, 1778; Martha, December 12, 1780; Philip, January 29,
1783; Hannah, November 28, 1785; Ann, June 27, 1788; Charlotte,
May 29, 1789; and Rebecca, September n, 1790. Samuel, the old-
est child, died in infancy, but the thirteen remaining children reached
manhood and womanhood and have a large posterity today, many of
whom are residents of Amherst and Cumberland.
The founder of this large and important family died in 1801.
Two of his sons, Joshua and i'hilip, left Amherst to take up farms in
Upper Canada. The first named owned and lived on a farm in what
is now the very center of incorporated Amherst. He was an active
member of the Baptist denomination, then in its infancy. He sold
his farm here in 1816 and with his wife and ten children embarked
from Bay Yerte for Quebec, from which city they made their way
by many different conveyances to Hamilton, where many of their
descendants are now living. I'hilip Freeman fell heir to a portion of
his father's property, which is now a portion of Amherst, and William
Freeman also owned land now a part of the town also. One of the
sons of William, the second son of William the emigrant, was George
William Freeman, who had a large family, the oldest surviving mem-
ber of this branch of the family being J. \\'. Freeman, of Moncton,
New Brunswick. Samuel Freeman, another of the pioneers, ac-
quired a farm at West Amherst, which passed to his son. Samuel,
and is now occupied by his grandson of the same name. The various
members of the Freeman family took a conspicuous part in the gen-
eral development of Amherst and were known as excellent citizens in
every respect. It was to this early pioneer. William Freeman, that
the town of Amherst owes Victoria street. While other men were
making narrow streets, he was making his street wide. He was a
man of vision and could foresee the future of this splendid country.
The beautiful central park called Victoria Square in Amherst is a
monument to the large heart and generous spirit of the founder of
the Cumberland branch of the Freeman family. Victoria Square,
however, is not the only monument that perpetuates the memory of
William Freeman in Amherst. A review of "One Hundred Years
with the Baptists in Amherst" will show what a large part the Free-
mans played in the organization and early history of this congrega-
tion. William Freeman was the first clerk of the church. It was at
the home of Samuel Freeman, first, where the first meetings of the
congregation were held. Joshua, Philip, Rufus and Desiah Free-
34O HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
man were among the fruitful members that met at those fireside
gatherings. In 1818 the congregation had a membership of eigh-
teen and of this number one-third bore the name of Freeman, and
from that day to the present the Freemans have been among the most
active Baptists in Amherst.
George William Freeman was born at Amherst, April 21, 1825,
and here grew to manhood and received his education. He married
Frances Harrison, also of Amherst, who was born January 6, 1833,
and they established their home here and reared a large family, viz.,
John \Y., born January 8, 1849, now a resident of Moncton, Xew
Brunswick. He married Julia Freeman, October 18, 1876. They
have four sons and on edaughter. Charles Edward, born January
19, 1851, married October 1 1, 1881, Matilda Lusby, daughter of
Thomas Lusby, Esq. By this marriage two daughters, viz., Sophia,
born January 14, 1882, and Clearlena, born July 13, 1884, and died
January 9, 1897. David Wilbur, subject of this sketch. Samuel
Hebert, born August 7, 1859, and was married October 25, 1887, to
Margaret Chapman, ami to them were born three sons and three
daughters. The mother died December i, 1900, and within ten years
the whole family had passed out by the same dread disease tuber-
culosis. Clarence Amos was born April 24, 1863, married Eloise
Hullett, and to this union three children were born. Frank Byard,
born December 27, 1867, married Mary Dolson, to whom was born
three sons and two daughters. George Edgar, born May 17, 1871,
was married June 23, 1897, to Clara Tingly, who bore him one son,
Walter, and one daughter. Myra.
D. Wilbur Freeman, of this sketch, who is a great-grandson of
William Freeman, the pioneer, and a son of George William and
Frances (Harrison) Freeman, was born at Amherst., August 6, 1855.
He*was educated in the local public school and Amherst Academy
and early in life turned his attention to business here, and for many
years he has conducted a large and well-stocked grocery store, and
enjoys a good business. He has been three times married, first, to
Alice Maud Lusby, on October i, 1883; she was a daughter of
William and Mary (Oxley) Lusby, and to this marriage one child
was born Ralph William Freeman, whose birth occurred March
21, 1886. On December 20, 1887, our subject's second marriage took
place, when he espoused Alice Sharp, a daughter of Samuel and
Fanny (Trueman) Sharp; to this union one child was born Rey-
nolds Parker Freeman, whose birth occurred February 18, 1891. Our
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 34!
subject's third marriage was solemnized on September 12, 1905, with
Miss Oresa McKinley, a daughter of Samuel and Elenor (Fletcher)
McKinley; this marriage resulted in the birth of one child, a daugh-
ter Frances Elenor, born February 4, 1907.
Politically, Mr. Freeman is a Conservative. He is an active mem-
ber of the Baptist church, in which he is a deacon. He is a member
of the Masonic Order, Canadian Home Circle.
REV 7 . DAVID ALLAN STFELF.
The life of the average man of affairs today is spent amidst so
much bustle and hurry and worry that he often imagines he can find
but little time to devote to art, nature, books, recreation and retro-
spection. Perhaps one of the most busy men who lived in the past
century was William E. Gladstone ; yet he was one of the best in-
formed and most widely read men in Europe. The same may be
said in America of Theodore Roosevelt. Such men do their work
better because they come to it with minds refreshed and strengthened,
and they move under the heavy load of the world's affairs with ease
and dignity, because they hear things that other ears are deaf to and
see upon all things a light to which untaught eyes are blind. Rev.
David Allan Steele, of Amherst, although a busy man, keeps in touch
with nature and the finer things of life.
He was born at Erdisland (parish of) Herefordshire, England,,
September 17, 1838, and is a son of John and Mary (Hebb) Steele,
the father bom near Dumfries, Scotland, in September, 1811; and
the mother, a native of England; her birth occurred May 9, 1812, at
Kington, Herefordshire. The ancestors on the paternal side were
farmers at Annandale, Scotland. George Steele was the great-great-
grandfather who married a Miss McGeorge. David Steele was the
great-grandfather, and John Steele was the grandfather. Once in
his childhood, John Steele, the father of our subject, conversed with
a man who remembered the defeated Highlanders fleeing southward
from Culloden, in 1745, saying that their shoes were so worn that
they asked those they met to "nipper brogues," that is, change shoes.
John Steele, the father, came to Canada in 1845, in the brig
Cynthia Ann, landing at Sackville, New Brunswick, September iQth,
after a voyage lasting six weeks. The mother of our subject was a
representative of an old Herefordshire family, and her mother's
name was Parker, before her marriage.
Rev. David A. Steele was educated at Acadia University, receiv-
34 2 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
ing from that institution, in due course of time, the. degrees of
Bachelor of Arts, Master of Arts, and Doctor of Divinity. He was
ordained at Wolfville, June 20, 1865, and was pastor of the Baptist
Church at Canso, Nova Scotia, from 1865 to 1867. He came to
Amherst, Deceml>er i, 1867, where he remained as pastor of the
church of his denomination there until 1896, thereafter pastor emeri-
tus. He wrote a history of the Amherst Baptist Church, and he has
been a constant contributor to denominational and secular papers on
theological, historical and general subjects. He is known to a wide
audience as a writer of great versatility, force and earnestness and
his articles are both instructive and entertaining. As a pulpit orator
he lias no superiors in his denomination in this Province.
Dr. Steele was married July 6, 1865, to Sarah Hart Whitman,
daughter of Spinney Whitman, Esq,, of Canso. Her mother's maiden
name was Martha Hart, and she was a native of Guysborough, Nova
Scotia. To our subject and wife the following children have been
born : Sidney Whitman was the eldest ; \oel Bentley. Caroline
Whitman, Allan Davy, Mary Martha, Warren Merril, Sarah Blanche,
Grace, Lavinia, Walter Everett, and Oliver Crichton. These children
are all deceased, except the last three named.
Dr. Steele was a member of the senate of Acadia University for
several years, and also of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Bap-
tist convention of the Maritime Provinces for twenty-one years.
CHARLES AZEL LUSBY.
Self assertion is believed by many people to be absolutely neces-
sary in life, and there are good reasons for the entertainment of such
belief. Charles Azel Lusby, a well known business man, who seems
to possess just a sufficient amount of modesty to be a gentleman at all
times and yet sufficient persistency to win in life's battles, and at the
same time not appear over bold; and as a result of these well and hap-
pily blended qualities, he has won not only material success but a
host of friends throughout Cumberland County, where his life has
been spent.
Mr. Lusby was born in Amherst, Nova Scotia, November 15,
1859. He is a son of Thomas and Mary Elizabeth (Donkin) Lusby.
The father was born at Amherst, August 14, 1820, and the mother
was born at River Philip, this Province, March 18, 1822. Our sub-
ject's ancestors came from Lincolnshire, England, settling in Am-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
343
herst in 1770, and from that remote period to the present day the
Lusbys have been influential citizens here.
Charles A. Lusby was reared to manhood in his native town and
there received his education in the public schools, the high school
and the Halifax Business College, in Halifax. He began his busi-
ness career in his home town when but a boy and his rise has been
rapid until today he occupies the responsible position of secretary-
treasurer of the Amherst Foundry Company, Limited. He has also
occupied the position of president of the Board of Trade and also
president of the Canadian Club of Amherst. lie has been mayor of
Amherst one year and councillor four years.
Mr. Lusby was married on '\Yednesday, June 10, 1902, to Char-
lotte Putnam, a daughter of Robert and Klizabeth Hunter ( Sprott )
Putnam, of Onslow, Cumberland County. To our subject and wife
three children have been born, namely: Thomas Putnam, Azel Ran-
dolph, and Bruce Sprott Lusby.
Politically, Mr. Lusby is a Liberal. He is an adherent of the
Baptist church, and fraternally belongs to Alexandra Lodge. Ancient
Free and Accepted Masons, and he is also a member of the Amherst
Curling Club and the Amherst Gun Club.
GI-:OUGI<; T. DOUGLAS.
As chairman of the Xova Scotia branch of the Canadian Manu-
facturers' Association, George T. Douglas, of Amherst, has shown
that he is the possessor of those traits that win in the battle of life.
He has been actively identified with the industrial world here for
many years. His well directed efforts in the practical affairs of life,
his capable management of his own business interests have brought
him prosperity, and his life demonstrates what may be accomplished
by the man of energy who is not afraid to continue his labors, even
in the face of seemingly discouraging obstacles.
Mr. Douglas was born in Amherst, Cumberland County, Nova
Scotia, and is the son of David Douglas, a prominent merchant at
Amherst for many years. In later life he went West, where he died.
George T. Douglas grew up in his native town and received his
education in the public schools, and when still a mere boy began his
business career. He is the manager at Amherst of the Canada Car
& Foundry Company, Limited, a position of great trust and respon-
sibility. He has a large number of men under his control. His rise
to this important position was not by any means meteoric but by
344 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
slowly mounting the ladder of success. As a boy he started business
life as a messenger in the Western Union Telegraph office. At the
age of fourteen he entered the employ of Rhodes, Curry & Company.
This was just about the time the firm began car building, and he
gradually climbed from one position to another, until finally with the
amalgamation of the three Canadian Car Companies and Senator
Curry's removal to Montreal he was appointed to the position of
manager at Amherst.
Mr. Douglas was appointed chairman of the Nova Scotia branch
of the Canadian Manufacturers' Association at the annual meeting
of the same which was held in Halifax, and he has discharged his
duties in this connection in a manner that has won the hearty com-
mendation of all concerned. He is a prodigious worker and a great
enthusiast. He is a firm believer in the future of Amherst as a city
of industries, and he loses no opportunity to push toward that end.
Besides being manager of the Car Works, he is secretary-treasurer
of the Brooklyn Lumber Company, and is vice-president of Amherst
Pianos, Limited, and a director of the Nova Scotia Carriage & Motor
Car Company; also a director of the Nova Scotia Trust Company of
Halifax, the Colonial Brick & Stone Company at Wallace, director
of Sterling Securities of Halifax, director Eastern Linen Mills of
Dorchester, New Brunswick, and a director of Atlantic Underwear
Company, Limited, of Moncton, New Brunswick. A few years ago
when a pessimistic feeling was extant in Amherst it was Mr. Doug-
las who created an organization known as "The Pilgrims," who by
various means turned the tide and established a general feeling of
optimism and public spirit by binding the citizens together in a suc-
cessful effort of promoting and encouraging their local interests and
incidentally the gathering up of a $25,000 endowment fund for the
hospital and other funds for Amherst institutions.
Mr. Douglas married Edwarcla Bradley, a daughter of Doctor
Bradley, of Newton, Massachusetts, and to this union one child has
been born Jean Douglas.
FRANK LEOPOLD MILNER.
Frank Leopold Milner, K. C, was born August 14, 1870. He
was admitted to the bar October 22, 1895, and practiced at Bridge-
town until April 10, 1910, when he removed to Amherst and joined
the firm of Rogers, Milner & Purdy, of which he is the head. Took
silk 1913.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 345
AMOS B. ETTER.
It is a fortunate thing that a man be permitted to spend his old
age in retirement from the exactions of a business life with the many
worries it entails. It is well that a man should labor, keep busy
both physically and mentally during his youth and middle age, but
when the autumn of his years gathers upon him he is entitled to a
respite, should have leisure to develop the mind and the soul. Amos
B. Etter, for many years a successful merchant of Amherst, Cum-
berland County, is taking life easy after a long and strenuous career.
Mr. Etter was born at Mt. Watley, Westmoreland County. Xew
Brunswick, December 7, 1849. He is a son of Peter and Jane (Atkin-
son) Etter, the father born January 15, 1813, at Westmoreland
Point, and the mother was born at Xappan, Xova Scotia. Peter
Etter devoted his active life to farming. He took an interest in
political affairs and held a number of county offices. His death oc-
curred January 15, 1898; his wife died in October, 1885.
Amos B. Etter was educated in the public schools and Amherst
Academy. When eighteen years of age he began clerking in a store.
In 1871, when twenty-one years of age, he engaged in the dry goods
business with David T. Chapman in Amherst, under the firm name of
Chapman & Etter, continuing successfully for eight years. In 1882
Mr. Etter formed a partnership with Robert Pugsley, as Etter &
Pugsley, carrying on the same dry goods business at the old stand
as occupied by Chapman & Etter. This partnership continued with
ever-increasing success until 1910, when our subject retired from
the firm. During many years he also engaged extensively in farm-
ing and raising standard bred horses.
Mr. Etter was married April 24, 1878, to Clarissa Pugsley, a
daughter of John and Sarah (Moffatt) Pugsley of River Hebert.
This union has been without issue.
Politically, Mr. Etter is a Liberal and has long l>een influential
in party affairs. He was a member of the town council for four
years. He was chief deputy sheriff for twenty years, or until the
death of Sheriff M. A. Logan, in October, 1895, when Mr. Etter
became sheriff of Cumberland County, by promotion. He dis-
charged the duties of high sheriff with the same fidelity and abliity
that he had performed the duties of assistant until in February, 1908,
when he was appointed to the Legislative Council and he has since
served as a member of this body in a highly creditable manner. He
346 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
was president of the Liberal Association for Cumberland County,
having been appointed in 1886, and has served continuously ever
since. Fraternally, he belongs to the Masonic Order, and has passed
through all the chairs of his lodge. He has always been concerned
in whatever made for the betterment of Amherst in any way, and
he is held in high repute by all who know him.
CAPT. A. A. C. WILSON, M. D.
Arthur A. C. Wilson was born at Springhill, Cumberland
County, Xova Scotia, February 25, 1887. He is a son of Rev.
Canon Wilson and Susan (Cochran) Wilson. He has one brother,
Rev. J. M. C. Wilson. He was educated at St. Andrews School,
Annapolis, and received the degree of Bachelor of Arts from Kings
College in 1908, and Doctor of Medicine and Master of Surgery
from Dalhousie University in 1913. He received a commission as
captain in C. A. M. C. in December, 1915. Dr. Wilson married
Hildegarde G. Geklert, only daughter of Jas. C. Geldert. of Windsor.
To this union one child, Arthur James Cochran Wilson, has been
born. The Doctor is a member of the Xova Scotia Medical Society
and the Canadian Medical Association.
W. FREDERICK DOXKIX.
.A widely known and successful lawyer of Amherst is W. Fred-
erick Donkin, whose earlier years were devoted to mercantile pur-
suits. Being energetic, a man of progressive ideas and honorable
impulses he has succeeded in both business and professional lines
and is one of the influential citizens of northern Xova Scotia.
Mr. Donkin was born at Amherst, June 25, 1854, and is a son of
Charles G. and Susan M. (Fuller) Donkin. The father was also
a native of Amherst, born in 1812, was one of the oldest residents of
this place at the time of his death in 1894. The mother of our sub-
ject was born at Horton, Kings County, this Province, in 1827 and
died in 1909. William Donkin, our subject's grandfather, was also
a native of Amherst, his parents being among the early pioneers of
this section of Xova Scotia, in fact, there were but four houses in
Amherst at the time of William Donkin's birth, in 1785. He died
in 1875. The progenitors of the Donkin family came from York-
shire, England.
W. Frederick Donkin received his education in the schools of
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 347
Amherst and in Mount Allison University at Sackville. Returning
home after his college days he began his active life as a merchant,
but later began reading law under Charles R. Smith, K. C., also the
late Judge Rigby, then a meml^er of the firm of McDonald, Rigby
& Tupper, the latter being Sir Charles Hibbert Tupper. Our sub-
ject was admitted to the bar Deceml>er 19, 1881. Soon thereafter he
began the practice of his profession in Amherst and has remained
here to the present time, enjoying a large clientage and ranking very
high among his professional brethren in the Maritime Provinces.
Mr. Donkin was married September \~, 1801, to Lizzie T. Avard,
a daughter of John and Xancy ( Dobson) Avard, of Great Shemogue,
Xew Brunswick. To this union one child has been born Charles
A. Donkin, whose birth occurred in September, 1892; he has l>een
given excellent educational advantages, and was graduated from
Mount Allison University with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He
is at home with his parents.
Politically, M*. Donkin is a Liberal. He was appointed town
clerk and treasurer of Amherst on January 12, 1890. and has served
in these offices continuously ever since. He is also deputy stipendiary
magistrate of the town. He lias discharged the duties of these posi-
tions in a faithful and acceptable manner. Religiously, he is a Metho-
dist. Fraternally, he belongs to the Masonic Order, including the
Ancient Arabic Order of Xobles of the Mystic Shrine, and has held
the office of deputy grand master of the Grand Lodge of Xova Sco-
tia.
A. BRADSHAW.
In writing a personal history, the biographer does not always
attempt to prove himself right. Where a long contact with the per-
sonage exists, the labor of arrangement, synopsis and production
becomes more simple, and this is/ quite equally true as applied to
those who have been performers, whether in front of the curtain or
otherwise, through the shorter or longer years. Those who know A.
Bradshaw, merchant of Amherst, say that he has led a careful, indus-
trious and honorable life. He was born December 7, 1874, at Am-
herst, and is a son of C. Patrick Bradshaw, who was a native of
Ireland, born in the City of Cork in 1837. He came to New York
City when twelve years old, later removing to St. John, New Bruns-
wick, where he remained until his removal to Amherst, Nova Scotia,
in 1871, and here his death occurred in 1900. He ran a pegging
348 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
factory in connection with the manufacture of shoes. Ann Ryan,
mother of our subject, was torn in Tipperary, Ireland, in 1842.
She came to America when young and married Mr. Bradshaw in
St. John, New Brunswick. She is still living in Amherst. To
these parents nine children were born.
A. Bradshaw received his education in the public schools of Am-
herst. When a young man he began life as a merchant and has since
been successfully engaged in wholesale and retail provisions, meats,
etc. ; under the firm name of Bradshaw & Vallance. He had the
first cold storage plant in Nova Scotia, aside from the government
plants. He also owns a large farm and raises cattle extensively.
On September 4, 1900, Mr. Bradshaw married Margaret Stack
of Melrose, New Brunswick. She is a daughter of Daniel and Mar-
garet (Hannan) Stack, both natives of Ireland. The following chil-
dren have been torn to our subject and wife: Mary Margaret,
Ann Eileen, Dorothy Catherine, Joseph Sarto, Clement Patrick,
George Edward, and Alice Pauline.
Politically, Mr. Bradshaw is a Liberal. He belongs to the Roman
Catholic church, the Knights of Columbus and the Catholic Mutual
Benefit Association.
VARLEY BENT FULLERTON.
Belonging to Nova Scotia's enterprising class of professional
men, Varley Bent Eullerton, a barrister of Parrsboro, Cumberland
County, is deserving of specific mention in these pages. To the active
practice of law he has given, not only the gravity of his thought
and the truest exercise of his abilities, but the strength of his per-
sonality and the momentum of his character.
Air. Fullerton was torn in the town where he still resides, May
30, 1875. He is a son of Vose Bent Fullerton and Ella Fullerton,
both natives of Halfway River, Cumberland County, where they grew
up, attended school and were married.
Varley Bent Fullerton grew to manhood in his native town and
there attended the public schools and the high school, later studying
at Mount Allison College, where he received the degree of Bachelor
of Arts in 1906, then entered Harvard Law School, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1909.
He then spent a year in Dalhousie University, Halifax, receiving the
same degree from the law department in 1910. He was admitted
to the bar March 10, 1910.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 349
When fourteen years of age Mr. Fullerton began clerking in a
general store at Port Greville, for Clarence Fullerton, with whom he
formed a partnership in 1896, engaging in business in Parrsboro
under the firm name of C. & V. B. Fullerton. He sold out his
interest in the firm in 1903, after a very successful career as merch-
ant for six years, and went away to college, believing that the legal
profession held greater inducements for him. He has been very
successful in his profession, building up a very satisfactory general
law practice at Parrsboro.
Politically, Mr. Fullerton is a Liberal. Fraternally, he belongs
to the Masonic Order and the Knights of Pythias. He is a member
of the Methodist church.
Mr. Fullerton was married July 9, 1913. to Xita M. Trahey, a
daughter of John and Rita ( Blenkhorn ) Trahey of Brooklyn, X. Y.
To this union a daughter and son have been born Aleenc Jessie
Fullerton, whose birth occurred July 31, 1914, and William Bruce
Fullerton, whose birth occurred Xovember 13, 1915.
EDWARD JFFFHRS, M. 1).
One of Cumberland County's well known professional men is
Dr. Edward Jeffers of Parrsboro. He is a good doctor, a safe and
competent advisor in consultation and has a constantly growing
practice, to which he applies himself with faithful and conscientious
zeal.
Dr. Jeffers was born in the above named town and county,
July /, 1860. He is a son of John Joseph Jesse Jeffers and Mary
Fitzgibbons (Rector) Jeffers, both also born at Parrsboro, Xova Sco-
tia, the father on May 10, 1831, and the mother on July 6, 1838.
John Jeffers, the Doctor's great-great-grandfather, was a Loyalist
from Massachusetts. Traveling on foot through Maine with six
companions he finally arrived in Parrsboro, where he was given
grants of land. His son, John Jesse Jeffers, built and operated the
first saw-mill at the foot of Jeffers Lake. With the lumber he
sawed he built the first frame house in the eastern part of Cumber-
land County. It was sheathed with pine boards, three feet wide,
which he sawed from the giant trees of the primeval forests. In
this house, many years later, was torn. May 10, 1831, his grandson,
John Joseph Jesse Jeffers, the father of the subject of this sketch;
also six grand-daughters, three of whom were the first female school
teachers in this part of the country. In 1860 Dr. Edward Jeffers
350 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
was born in this same old house, which is still in good repair,
although minus its old-time chimney eight feet square, with four
great fire-places opening into as many different rooms. The Doctor's
father was a captain in the militia during the Fenian Raids in 1866
and 1867. Mary Fitzgibbons Rector, mother of our subject, was the
grand-daughter of George Francis Rector, a German soldier of the
British army, who was wounded in the battle of Bunker Hill, 1775.
In i/"6 he was invalided to Parrsboro, Nova Scotia, where he was
given grants of land. He married Elizabeth Sparks, a Quakeress of
River Hebert. Their son, George Francis Rector, was born in 1800.
He married Mary Fitzgibbons, daughter of Colonel Fitzgibbons, in
1830. In 1813 Colonel (at that time Lieutenant) Fitzgibbons, was
sent by Colonel Vincent with thirty British regulars and thirty Mo-
hawk Indians to re-occupy the dangerous post of Beaver Dam, under
Colonel Boescher, with five hundred men made secret preparations to
surprise and capture this small force. Laura Secord, after a walk
of twenty miles, during which she underwent frightful experiences,
arrived ahead of the American force, and warned Lieutenant Fitz-
gibbons and his men, who were ready for the invaders, and, after
a short battle the whole American force surrendered. Later Colonel
Fitzgibbons was stationed in Halifax. Fort Laurence was included
in his military supervision after his transfer, and he frequently
traveled from this port by way of the old French road, on horseback,
to Parrsboro, then known as Mill Village, and took the packet for
Windsor en route to Halifax. The Doctor's mother was born in
1838. Her father died in 1898, when nealry one hundred years old,
having lived during the reign of four British sovereigns.
Dr. Edward Jeffers grew to manhood in his native community
and received his early education in the public schools of Parrsboro
and later was a student in Mt. Allison College at Sackville, after
which he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Balti-
more, Maryland, from which he was graduated, subsequently taking
a post-graduate course in Harvard Medical College, Boston, Massa-
chusetts. Returning to Parrsboro he has since been actively engaged
in the practice of his profession and his name has become a house-
hold word in Cumberland County. He was health officer for a num-
ber of years, and he served a term as mayor of Parrsboro in 1912.
He has extensive lumber interests and is an active half owner of the
Jeffers Manufacturing Company.
Dr. Jeffers was married in May, 1896, to Laura Adelaide Bigney,
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
351
a daughter of Rev. John G. and Catherine Elizabeth (Seaboyer)
Bigiiey. of Hantsport, Xova Scotia. One son lias been Ixsrn to our
subject and wife Joseph d'Aubigne Jeffers, whose birth occurred
in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1898. He is the sixth generation to be
in possession of lands granted the Loyalist. John Jeffers. Although
only seventeen years old, he has for several years been captain of
the Parrsboro Cadet Corps, which is composed of sixty members.
Politically, the Doctor is a Conservative. He holds the office of
port physician. He belongs to the Methodist church. Fraternally,
he is a member of the Knights of Pythias, the Independent Order of
Odd Fellows, and he belongs to the Canadian Club, the Cumberland
County Medical Society, the Xova Scotia Medical Society, the Cana-
dian Medical Association, and the Canadian Protective Association.
PERCY L. SPICFR.
A widely known lumber dealer of Cumberland County is Percy
L. Spicer of Parrsboro. a man who doubtless knows the value of
Xova Scotia's timber as well as anyone. He has been interested in
the forests from boyhood and his work has therefore always been a
pleasure to him.
Mr. Spicer was born at Advocate Harbour, Cumberland County,
this Province, May 6, 1873. He is a son of Capt. George D. and
Emliy (Morris) Spicer, both natives of Xova Scotia, the father was
born at Spencer's Island, and the mother at Advocate Harbour. The
mother is now deceased. Capt. George D. Spicer, who is now living
in retirement, spent his active life as a seafaring man, being a
master mariner, and he has visited most of the ports of the commer-
cial world.
Percy L. Spicer received his education in the public schools,
finishing with two years in Mt. Allison College. In 1895 he engaged
in ship building and lumbering in Spencer's Island, coming to Parrs-
boro, Cumberland County, in 1903, where he became associated with
his uncle, Capt. John Spicer, since which time he has been engaged
extensively in the lumber business, shipping from three million feet
to five million feet annually, this output being shipped principally to
English and American markets.
Mr. Spicer was married August 21, 1902. to Ethel Baird. a
daughter of Samuel and Augusta (Black) Baird of Leicester, Cum-
berland County, Nova Scotia. Two children have been born to our
subject and wife, namely: Percy Borden and Alice Spicer.
352 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Politically, Mr. Spicer is a Liberal-Conservative. He has been
a member of the town council of Parrsboro for three years, and was
mayor from 1911 to 1913. He was a member of the local school
board, of which he was chairman in 1911. He has been chairman
of the Liberal-Conservative Association of his locality since 1910.
He has done much for the general development of Parrsboro, whose
interests he has very much at heart and seeks to promote in every
legitimate way. Religiously, he belongs to the Methodist church.
Fraternally, he belongs to the Masonic Order, and is secretary of
Lodge No. 67.
HON. HENRY ROBERT EMMERSON.
Few men during the generation that is passed occupied a more
conspicuous place in the public eye than the late Hon. Henry Robert
Emmerson, lawyer and statesman, whose earthly career has been
ended by the fate that awaits all mankind, but whose influence still
pervades the lives of men, the good which he did having been too
far-reaching to be measured in metes and bounds. Success is me-
thodical and consecutive, and though the rise of Mr. Emmerson may
have seemed so rapid as to be spectacular, it will lie found that his suc-
cess was attained by the same normal methods and means de-
termined application of mental and physical resources along a rightly
denned line.
Mr. Emmerson, who was descended from United Empire Loyal-
ist stock, was the son of Rev. R. H. E. and Augusta (Read) Emmer-
son, the father a prominent minister in the Baptist church for many
years. Our subject was born at Maugerville, New Brunswick, Sep-
tember 25, 1853, and his death occurred July 9, 1914. He was
educated in Amherst Academy, Mt. Allison Academy, St. Joseph's
College, Memramcook, New Brunswick, and Acadia College. He
received the degree of Master of Arts in 1897, and the honorary-
degree of Doctor of Common Laws in 1904. He attended Boston
University, where he was prize essayist, and received the degree of
Bachelor of Laws in 1877, and the honorary degree of Doctor of
Laws from the University of New Brunswick in 1900.
In June, 1878, he was united in marriage with Emily C. Record,
a daughter of C. B. Record, iron founder of Moncton, New Bruns-
wick. He was admtited to the bar in 1878, and w.as made King's
counsel in 1899. He successfully practiced his profession at Dor-
chester, where he was long one of the leaders of the bar. He was
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 353
solicitor and manager for the branch at Dorchester of the Merchants
Bank of Halifax, from 1882 to 1887. He was for some time presi-
dent of the New Brunswick Petroleum Company, also president of
the Acadia Coal & Coke Company, and a director in the Record
Foundry and Machine Company. He was a governor of Acadia
University.
Politically, Mr. Emmerson was a Liberal. He was for some
time vice-president for New Brunswick of the Maritime Liberal
Association. He unsuccessfully contested Westmoreland County for
the House of Commons in 1887. He sat for Albert County (Local)
from 1888 to 1890, and was legislative councillor for Xew Bruns-
wick from 1891 to 1892, inclusive; and again represented Albert
County (Local) from 1892 to 1900. He was minister of Public
Works for Xew Brunswick from 1892 to 1900, and he was Premier
and Attorney-General of that Province from 1897 to 1900. From
that date until his death he sat for \Yestmoreland County in the
House of Commons. He was minister of Railways and Canals
during the Laurier administration, from 1904 to 1907. He favored
the utmost possible freedom of trade on the lines of British free
trade. He was generally interested in the growth of wheat and in
promoting the prospecting and development of oil properties in New
Brunswick. He belonged to the Baptist church, was president of
the Maritime Baptist convention in 1899. and president of the Bap-
tist Congress of Canada in 1900. He is author of the work entitled,
"The Legal Condition of Married \Yomen," and other pamphlets
and lectures. He was a memljer of the Rideau Club of Ottawa. He
was an able speaker and powerful in debate. As a public servant
he performed his duties ably and conscientiously and won the admi-
ration of all, irrespective of party alignment. He was a born leader
of men, and was great as a business man, a statesman and church-
man.
His only son, Henry R. Emmerson, Jr., resides in Amherst, Nova
Scotia.
ROBERT HIRAM SUTHERLAND, M. D.
Among the workers of the world who are accomplishing good are
the physicians, if they be efficient and honorable. To this class
belongs Dr. Robert Hiram Sutherland of Springhill, Cumberland
County. He was born at River John, Pictou County, Nova Scotia,
(23)
354 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
September 26, 1882, and is a son of Robert and Margaret (Fitz-
patrick) Sutherland, both natives of this Province, the father born
at Gaircloth in 1840, and the mother was a native of Rogers Hill,
Pictou County.
Dr. Sutherland received his primary education in the public
.schools, later entered Dalhousie University at Halifax, from which
be received the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1904. He then entered
the medical department of McGill University at Montreal, from
which institution he was graduated in 1907 with the degree of M.
D. C. M. He began the practice of his profession at Chipman,
Xew Brunswick, where he remained two years. In 1911 he came to
Springhill, Xova Scotia, where he has since remained engaged in the
general practice, in which he has been successful, until his enlistment
in over sea's service.
Politically, Dr. Sutherland is a Conservative, and in religious mat-
ters he belongs to the Presbyterian church. Fraternally, he is a
member of the Ancient Free and Accepted Masons. Laurie Lodge
Xo. Jo; also the Royal Arch Chapter Xo. 13, Cumberland. He is
a Knights Templar and a member of the Ancient Arabic Order of
Xobles of the Mystic Shrine. He also Ijelongs to the Knights of
Pythias of Springhill. He is a captain in the Army Medical Corps.
JOHX HFXXESSFY.
The government fuel inspector at Joggin Mines, Cumberland
County, Xova Scotia is John Hennessey, whose chief life work has
been merchandising, which he followed for a quarter of a century.
He was born in the above named town and county on February 27,
1855, and is a son of Vincent and Jane (O'Roark) Hennessey. The
father was born in Ireland and the mother at River' Hebert, Xova
Scotia. Vincent Hennessey spent his earlier years in his native land,
immigrating to Canada when a young man, and locating in Nova
Scotia where he spent the rest of his life. He worked as a mine
foreman for many years. His death occurred on February 14, 1879,
and his wife died April 24, 1912 at an advanced age, having survived
him thirty-three years.
John Hennessey was reared in the atmosphere of a mining town.
He received his education in the public schools of Joggin Mines. He
did not have an opportunity to go to school a great deal and is prin-
cipally self-educated. He went into the mines when a mere lad,
and has always been connected, in a way, with the mines. How-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 335
ever, as stated above he conducted a store for a period of twenty-
five years in the town of Joggin Alines, during which time he had a
satisfactory trade, carrying a general line of merchandise.
In 1912 Mr. Hennessey was appointed government fuel inspector
in his native town, the duties of which position he has continued
to discharge to the present time. For about five years he was mine
prospecting in the States, spending that period in Pennsylvania,
Missouri, Colorado and Arizona.
Politically, he is a Conservative, and has been more or less active
in local public affairs. He was a member of the county council for
two terms, or four years, and lias also been school trustee. He is
a member of the Catholic church, having been reared in that faith.
Mr. Hennessey was married September 29, 1891 to Alice Burke,
a daughter of Philip and Catherine ( Logue ) Burke of Joggin Mines,
where Mrs. Hennessey was reared and attended school. Her death
occurred August 30, 1904. To our subject and wife the following
children were born: Harold and Mary, twins: Gracie. Herbert,
Hubert, Cornelius, and Vincent.
REV. GEORGE \V. WHITMAN.
The man who devotes his energies to aid his fellow men in any
laudable way to the amelioration of the human race, is doing- a
work which is loo far-reaching in its results to be estimated. Such
a man is the Rev. George W. \\ hitman, a plain, unassuming gen-
tleman, who desires to please the Master rather than win the admir-
ing plaudits of the crowd. He at present has charge of a congrega-
tion at Pugwash, Cumberland County.
Rev. Mr. Whitman was born at Guysborough, on Chedabucto
Bay, Guysborough County, this Province, March 24, 1856. He is a
son of George and Elizabeth ( Horton ) Whitman, a highly respected
family of the above named town and county. The father devoted
his life to agricultural pursuits, and his death occurred in 1902.
his wife having preceded him to the grave in 1900.
George W. Whitman grew to manhood on the home farm where
he assisted with the general work during the summer months, at-
tending the public schools in his neighborhood in the winter time,
later entered Mount Allison College, taking the theological course.
He was ordained to the ministry of the Methodist church in 1885
at Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, having preached four years prior to his
ordination. His first charge was at Ingonish, Cape Breton Island,
356 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
and he has been in the Nova Scotia conference ever since. He came
to Pugwash in July, 1912, where he has since remained, having
here a large congregation. He has built up the various churches to
which he has been called and has done much to encourage Sunday
school attendance also. He is an earnest, logical and convincing
speaker and is popular with his congregations.
Rev. Mr. Whitman was married July i, 1885, to Anna E.
Stevens, a daughter of Levi and Jane (Leper) Stevens of Wallace,
Nova Scotia. To this union the following children were born :
Karl E., Jean E., Carrie, and Anna. The wife and mother, who
was a woman of many commendable characteristics, was called to
her eternal rest on June 25, 1898.
The second marriage of our subject occurred on October 24,
1899, when he espoused Annie Mitchell, a daughter of James and
Margaret Mitchell.
WENDELL V. K. GOODWIN, M. D.
As a general physician and surgeon, Dr. Wendell V. K. Good-
win, of Pugwash, Cumberland County merits the success he has
achieved in his chosen calling, for he has spared no pains in pre-
paring himself for his work. He was born at Baie Verte, New
Brunswick, October 23, 1871. He is a son of Eben F. and Eliza-
beth (Brennen) Goodwin, both natives of Baie Verte, the birth of
the father occurring March 27, 1833, and the mother was born
December 7, 1837. After a successful life as farmer Eben F. Good-
win died March 30, 1910. His widow is still living at Baie Verte,
New Brunswick at the old home place.
Dr. Goodwin received his early education in the public schools
of his native locality in New Brunswick where he grew to manhood,
and during vacation periods assisted his father with the general
work on the farm. Later he attended the New Brunswick Normal
School, from which he was graduated in 1890. He then taught
school for five years in the schools of his native Province ; and al-
though he was a successful educator he decided that his true bent
lay along other lines, and he gave up the school room to enter the
medical department of Dalhousie University at Halifax, Nova
Scotia, in 1895, where he remained until his graduation in 1899,
receiving the degree of Doctor of Medicine, and Master of Surgery.
He first began the practice of his profession at Bass River, Nova
Scotia, where he remained eight years, removing to the town of
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 357
Pugwash in 1907 where he has since remained. He has met with
success, both as a general practitioner and surgeon at each of the
above named places and now enjoys a large practice in Cumberland
County.
The Goodwins originally came from Xewburyport, Massa-
chusetts. Daniel Goodwin, great grandfather of our subject, was
the first of the name to immigrate to Xova Scotia. On August 12,
1762, he married Sarah Hunt. To them twelve children were born,
the youngest son being James Goodwin, grandfather of the subject
of this review. He was the seventh son in order of birth. Daniel
Goodwin was an officer in the British army, and was located at Fort
Cumberland. His two oldest sons. David and Daniel Goodwin.
were also officers in the army, in the One Hundred and Fourth New
Brunswick regiment. They marched from Fredericton to Quebec
in the war of 1812, and later went to France, taking part with the
British Army in the battle of Waterloo.
Dr. Goodwin was married January 8, 1902, to Victoria Fvans,
a daughter of Benjamin and Jane (Bird) Evans of Fredericton.
New Brunswick, and to this union three children have been born,
namely: Evans, born May 14, 1903; Arthur, born April 25, 1906;
and Jean, born May 29, 1912.
Politically, Mr. Goodwin is a Conservative . He is a member
of the Methodist church. Fraternally, he belongs to the Indepen-
dent Order of Odd Fellows. He is a member of the Cumberland
County Medical Society, the Maritime Medical Society and the
Provincial Medical Society.
FRANK D. CHARMAX, M. D.
One of the well known general physicians and surgeons of east-
ern Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, is Dr. Frank D. Charman,
who has been very careful in preparing himself for his chosen voca-
tion, and in fact, intends to remain a student of mate-rid medico, all
his life, realizing the vastness of the subject.
Dr. Charman was born at Wallace, Nova Scotia, November i,
1878, and here he has spent his life with the exception of the time
he was absent in medical college. He is a 'son of Henry and
Abrosine (Betts) Charman, both natives of Nova Scotia, the father
of Minudie and the mother of Wallace. They grew to maturity in
their native Province, received common school educations and after
their marriage, established the family home here. They are still
35$ HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
living in Wallace, where Henry Charman has long been engaged in
the monumental business.
Dr. Charman grew to manhood in his native town of Wallace,
and until he went to college was bookkeeper in the general store
of T. B. Norris. He received his primary education in the public
schools of his native town, subsequently entering McGill University,
taking the medical course, graduating with the degree of Doctor of
Medicine with the class of 1904. In orde 1 - to further equip himself
for his life work he spent one year as interne at the Royal Victoria
Hospital in Montreal. Returning to Wallace, Nova Scotia, in 1906
he opened an office for the practice of his profession, and has re-
mained here to the present time, building up a large and ever-grow-
ing practice as a general physician and surgeon, having met with
encouraging success from the first.
Dr. Charman was married on August 4, 1915, to Hattie G. Flinn
of Wallace, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Flinn. Mr. Flinn is
the local manager of the Wallace Sandstone Quarries. Politically,
the Doctor is a Conservative, but is not especially active in public
affairs. He is a member of the Methodist church. Fraternally, he
belongs to the Masonic Order, and is a member of the Cumberland
County Medical Society, the Maritime Medical Society and the
Provincial Medical Society. Dr. Charman is also at present a mem-
ber of the Trustee board of the Wallace School Section. In addi-
tion to his profession he owns and operates a drug store in Wallace,
carrying a large line of drugs and drug sundries, also has various
business and farming interests.
ROBIE D. BENTLEY, M. D.
A general physician and surgeon of recognized ability and one
of the progressive and substantial citizens of Wallace, Cumberland
County is Dr. Robie D. Bentley, a man of diversified interests. He
was born at Upper Stewiacke, Colchester County, Nova Scotija,
January 15, 1869. He is a son of Eliakim and Mary (Dugwell)
Bentley. the father a native of Upper Stewiacke and the mother of
Halifax. The Bentleys were Loyalists from the Colonies and came
to Nova Scotia in pioneer days. The parents of our subject are
living in Wallace, the father having devoted his active life to farming.
Robie D. Bentley grew to manhood on the home farm where he
assisted with the general work when a boy and he received his edu-
cation in the public schools of his neighborhood, later attending
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 359
Acadia College, from which he was graduated in 1893 with the
degree of Bachelor of Arts. He then entered the medical depart-
ment of Dalhousie University at Halifax, from which institution
he was graduated in 1897 with the degree of M. D. C. M. He
began the practice of his profession in Caledonia, Queens Count}-,
where he remained two and one-half years. In August, 1900, he
came to Wallace where he has since remained, enjoying an excel-
lent practice in this section of Cumberland count}'. He is not only
a general practitioner but devotes considerable attention to surgery.
He has been very successful in both. He also lias various business
interests and some valuable real estate holdings, and is one of the
substantial citizens of his community.
Dr. Bentley is a member of the Cumberland Count}- Medical
Society, the Provincial Medical Society, the Maritime Medical Asso-
ciation, and the Canadian Medical Association. Politically, he is a
Liberal. For a number of years he was trustee of the 'Wallace pub-
lic schools. He is the present coroner of Cumberland Count}-.
which position he has held in a very acceptable manner since 1900,
a period of fifteen years. Religiously, be is a Baptist.
Dr. Bentley was married February 16, 1898. to Susan B. West,
a daughter of David West and wife of Folly Village, Xova Scotia.
This union resulted in the birth of one child Percy Jardine Bent-
ley. The wife and mother died in November, 1900. On July 27,
1904, the Doctor was united in marriage with Jennie S. Morris,
a daughter of John W. and Kate (Steele) Morris of Wallace, this
Province. To this second union two children have been born.
namely: Marion Jean Bentley, and Helen Morris Bentley.
SAMUEL DAVID McLELLAX.
Few barristers of Colchester County, Nova Scotia, are busier
than Samuel David McLellan of Truro, whose name has been famil-
iar in the courts of that part of the Province for a number of years,
in connection with important cases, and he is also very active in
public affairs.
Mr. McLellan was born at Great Village, Colchester County,
March 20, 1852. He is a son of Robert N. B. and Jane (Faulkner)
McLellan, both natives of Nova Scotia, the father of Great Village,
and the mother of DeBert. The death of the former occurred
June 19, 1885, and the latter on June 15, 1889. Robert N. B.
McLellan was a farmer and merchant, became influential in the
360 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
public affairs of his locality and was justice of the peace for many
years, also a member of the court of sessions. He was an active
worker for temperance, and took an active part in prosecuting the
violators of the temperance laws. In a spirit of revenge and vindic-
tiveness, some miscreants, who had suffered justly as a result of his
stern prosecutions, visited his farm by night and cut off the ears
and tails of his horses and cattle. This act only made Mr. McLel-
lan more determined and earnest in his prosecution of the violators
of the liquor laws. Religiously, he was a Methodist, and his wife
a Presbyterian. Peter McLellan, great-grandfather of the subject
of this sketch, was born in Londonderry, Ireland, from which country
he immigrated to Xova Scotia, first settling in that part of London-
derry, Xova Scotia, now known as Great Village, after the expul-
sion of the French, and he was one of the original grantees of the
township of Londonderry from the Crown. He was a man of force
and influence, and many of his admirable qualities have been strongly
marked in his descendants, many of them becoming more or less
prominent in the localities where they settled both in New Brunswick
and Xova Scotia. Hon. A. R. McLellan, Ex-Governor of New
Brunswick and Hon. A. \V. McLellan, late Governor of Nova Sco-
tia, are descendants of the said Peter McLellan.
Samuel D. McLellan, subject of this sketch, received his early
education in the public schools at Great Village. Later he attended
Sackville Academy and Mount Allison College. He early decided
to take up the legal profession, and with that end in view went to
Cambridge, Massachusetts, and entered the law department of Har-
vard University. Returning to Nova Scotia he was admitted to the
bar in 1876, and from that time to the present he has been active
in the legal circles of Colchester County and very successful as a
lawyer and jurist, enjoying a large and lucrative practice and occu-
pying a position in the front rank of the bar of Nova Scotia. He
was appointed judge of the Probate Court of Colchester County in
1889, an( i he has served continuously ever since. He was appointed
King's Counsel in 1910. He practices his profession in all the courts,
except in matters in the Probate Court. In 1882 he was a candi-
date for the Provincial Legislature, and in 1887 was a candidate for
the Dominion Parliament, and again in 1911. He has always been
active in political affairs. He is a speaker of ability and equally
strong before a jury or on the political platform. He has con-
tinued a close student of legal and public questions and is a well-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 361
informed man. He is a member of the Society for the Prevention
of Cruelty to Animals and has been very active in the work of the
same. He is now one of the vice-presidents of the organization for
the prevention of cruelty to animals for Nova Scotia and has accom-
plished a great deal of good in this field. He is a member of the
Canadian Club and of the Provincial Barristers Society. He is one
of the organizers of the Truro Golf Club and prominent in its affairs.
He is a lover of fishing and hunting, and lias many trophies to show
for his skill as a nimrod. Politically, he is a supporter of the Liberal
party.
Mr. McLellan was married September 26, 1876, to Jean Tomkins,
a daughter of Rev. Fred J. and Catherine ( Hall ) Tomkins of Lon-
don, England. The union of Mr. and Mrs. McLellan was without
issue. Her death occurred on September 10. 1905. Our subject
was united in marriage with Beatrice Blanchard, March 12, 1912.
She is a daughter of C. P. and Joanna (Farnham) Blanchard of
Truro, a prominent family of Colchester County.
Mr. and Mrs. McLellan have two children, namely : Jean Walker
and Robert Faulkner.
JOSEPH ALLISON DEWOLF.
One of the bus}' men of Oxford, Cumberland County is Joseph
Allison DeWolf, who is interested in varied enterprises of import-
ance. He was born at the town of Pugwash, Nova Scotia, and has
spent his life in Cumberland County. The date of his birth is June
8, 1862. He is a son of William and Margaret (Read) DeWolf,
the father born at Horton and the mother at Pugwash, this Province.
The latter survives but the father, who was a farmer, died when our
subject was very young.
Joseph A. DeWolf was reared on the home farm at Pugwash
and there worked hard when a boy. He received his education in
the Public schools of Pugwash, later attending a commercial college
in Halifax. He remained on the home farm until about 1891, when
he began his business career. He came to the town of Oxford in
1894, and secured a position in the office of the Oxford Furniture
Company, which finally went out of business and \vas succeeded by
another company of the same name. He became the largest stock-
holder in the new concern. He became president of the same, and
is at this writing manager of the firm, which position he has held
for some time, and it has been due to his foresight and enterprise
362 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
that the company lias forged ahead, building up a large business.
He is also president of the Oxford Woolen Mills Company which
was organized in 1867. It was in 1905 that Mr. DeWolf became
connected with the same. He is also owner of the DeWolf Up-
holstering Company of Oxford, being in fact, the sole owner. He
is a large holder of traction stock and business properties, and has
very extensive holdings of valuable real estate. His residence in
Oxford is one of the most attractive and modern in this section of
the Province. He is deserving of a great deal of credit for the large
success he has achieved in the world of business, for he has built
himself up from the bottom rung of the ladder unaided and by
honorable means. He enjoys excellent standing in business circles,
and is one of the substantial and influential men of Cumberland
County, in the development of which he has long been deeply inter-
ested and has had faith in its future from the first.
Air. DeWolf was married July 15. 1899 to Elizabeth Davidson,
a daughter of Isaac and Abigail (McElmon) Davidson of Great
Village, Colchester County, Xova Scotia. To this union the follow-
ing children have been bom: Arthur Wells, born May 22, 1900;
Joseph Allison, Jr., born February 15. 1907; Harold A., born August
13. 1909: and Guy Carlton, born February 9, 1912.
Politically. Mr. DeWolf is a Liberal, and was a member of the
county council for three years. He and his family affiliates with the
Presbyterian church.
WILBERT DAVID DIMOCK.
It requires peculiar natural ability to succeed in journalism, and
unless one has the innate attributes necessary, one would be wise in
not entering this field of endeavor. Among the successful news-
paper men of Nova Scotia is Wilbert David Dimock, of Truro, who
has succeeded partly because of his natural gifts and partly because
he has been willing to work hard. He has left no stone unturned
whereby he might advance himself legitimately, and his influence
has been most potent for the general welfare of his community.
Mr. Dimock was born at Onslow, Nova Scotia, November 27,
1846. He is of mixed English and Irish origin, and is a son of the
late Rev. D. W. C. Dimock, M. A., and for many years a prominent
Baptist minister in this Province, maintaining his home for many
years at Truro.
Our subject grew to manhood in his native town and received
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 363
his education in the local schools, the Model Schools of Truro, and
Acadia University, \Volfville; from the last named institution he was
graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, in 1867. He began
his life work as a teacher, and was successively principal of the
North Sydney Academy, and the Model Schools at Truro. He then
became secretary and treasurer of the Canadian Department Internal
Fisheries Exhibition, which was held in London, England, in 1883,
and for his faithful services in this matter received a special diploma
and other acknowledgments. He was agent for the Xova Scotia
Industrial and Colonial Exhibition, which was held in London in
1886. He was manager of the .Maritime Provinces Exhibition,
which was held at Moncton, Xe\v I'.runswick, in 1889. He was
superintendent of the Canadian section of the Jamaica Exhibition,
held in 1891. He was secretary of the Canadian section at the
Columbian Exposition (World's Fair), which was held in Chicago,
in 1893. Turning his attention to journalism, he has been editor
of the Truro News since 1894. and he has been responsible for the
steady growth of this popular newspaper, and has taken a position
in the front rank of his professional brethren in the Maritime
Provinces. Politically, he is a Conservative, and he sat for Col-
chester County (Local), from 1894 to 1896, resigning his seat to
contest the same constituency for a seat in the House of Commons,
and was returned. He was unseated in 1897. He advocates the
closest possible ties between England and her over-seas possessions ;
also is an advocate of an intercolonial trade against the world, so
far as may be consistent with protection of Canadian interests and
industries. Religiously, he is an Anglican.
JOHN WILLIAM THOMPSON PATTON, M. D.
The final causes which shape the fortunes of individual men and
the destinies of nations are often the same. When they inspire
men to the exercise of courage, enterprise, self-denial, and call
into play the higher moral attributes such causes lead to the plant-
ing of great states and great peoples. Dr. John William Thompson
Patton of Truro, Colchester County, is descended from one of the
sturdy families that helped establish a great nation in the Canadian
wilderness.
He was torn at Ponds, Pictou County, Nova Scotia, October 24,
1868. He is a son of James William Patton and Elizabeth Murray
(Thompson) Patton, both also natives of the district of Ponds, each
364 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
representing pioneer families. There they grew to maturity, attended
the public schools, were married and established their future home.
The Doctor's father devoted his active life to farming, becoming
a large land owner, and he and his wife are still living on the home
farm near Ponds.
Dr. Patton grew up on the farm and assisted his father with
the general work there during the crop seasons, and in the winter
time he attended the public schools, later attending the Pictou
Academy, also the high school at Xew Glasgow, after which he
taught for several years in various places, including the River John
high school and the Antigonish Protestant schools. But deciding
that the work of an educator was not entirely to his liking, he l>egan
the study of medicine during spare hours, finally quit teaching and
entered the medical department of McGill University at Montreal,
from which institution he was graduated in 1900 with the degree of
M. D. C. M., then served on the interne staff of the Montreal Gen-
eral Hospital for a year. In the fall of 1901 he came to Truro,
Xova Scotia, where he has been successfully engaged in the practice
of his profession ever since, specializing in surgery, and he has built
up a large general practice.
Dr. Patton is a member of the Colchester-Hants Counties Medi-
cal Society, the Xova Scotia Medical Society, and the Canadian Medi-
cal Association. He has been president of the Colchester-Hants
Medical Society. He is special medical examiner for a number of
life insurance companies. He is medical officer for the Home for
the Poor and Homeless Insane of Colchester County. He is a
trustee for the Colchester County Hospital Trust, as a representa-
tive of the Provincial government..
Dr. Patton was married Septeml>er 19, 1906, to Bertha Grace
Turner, a daughter of Richard J. and Jessie (Blaikie) Turner of
Truro. To this union two children have been born, namely: Mar-
garet Josephine Frederika, born May 28, 1909, died Septeml>er 15,
1909; and Huntley Macdonald, who was born April i, 1911.
Politically, Dr. Patton is a Liberal. He has been coroner of Col-
chester County since 1902. He is secretary of the Canadian Club
of Truro. He is a member of the First Presbyterian church, in
which he is a trustee. In all positions of trust he has discharged his
duties in an able and faithful manner, eminently satisfactory to all
concerned. He belongs to the Independent Order of Foresters, the
Ancient Order of Foresters, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows
and the Masonic order.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 365
ALEXANDER DANIEL McFARLANE.
One of the farmers of eastern Cumberland County who has
progressive ideas in the matter of tilling the soil, knowing well the
value of crop rotation, fertilization of his fields, the necessity of
putting something back into the soil, after taking his annual crops
from it, is Alexander Daniel McFarlane of the vicinity of Wallace.
Mr. McFarlane was born in the community where he still resides,
October 3, 1867. He is a son of John and Alary (Torry ) McFar-
lane, the father a native of Wallace, Nova Scotia, and the mother
of Pictou County, this Province. John McFarlane grew up in his
native community, attended the public schools, and he devoted his
active life to farming, becoming an extensive land owner. His
father, Donald McFarlane. was a native of Scotland, from which
country he immigrated to Canada in an early day, locating in Wal-
lace, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, where he became a large land
owner and successful farmer. He was also a barrister and was for
some years a magistrate and one of the influential men of his county.
The death of John McFarlane occurred April 21, 1896, and his
wife's death occurred the previous autumn. September 15, 1895.
Alexander D. McFarlane grew to manhood on his father's farm
where he assisted with the general work when a boy, and the train-
ing he received under his father has stood him well in hand in later
life. He received his education in the public schools of Wallace and
Sackville Academy ; he also attended the Agricultural College at
Guelph, Ontario, for three years, the last year having had charge of
the experimental work and the Government Creamery at that place.
He was thus exceptionally well equipped for his subsequent life
work as a general farmer, and he has tried to put into operation,
so far as practicable, the lessons he learned in college in regard to
up-to-date farming and stock raising. For several years he was
with his uncle, Senator McFarlane, and he has always been engaged
in agricultural pursuits. He has met with extraordinary success,
and has become a very large land owner in the vicinity of Wallace.
Mr. McFarlane was married September 28, 1904, to Agnes Tur-
ner, a daughter of Samuel C. and Christina (Sutherland) Turner,
natives of Pictou County, the father born at Pictou. The union of
our subject and wife has been without issue.
Politically, Mr. McFarlane is a Conservative. In 1898 he was
elected a member of the county council in which he served for a
period of twelve years, during which he did much for the general
366 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
development of Cumberland County. In December, 1912, he was
appointed customs officer of the port of Wallace, which office he
still holds. He has been a member of the Wallace board of educa*-
tion for a number of years. He is a member of the Presbyterian
church. Fraternally, he belongs to the Masonic Order in which he
is a past master; also the Canadian Order of Foresters, of which
he is chief ranger of his court.
GILBERT H. VERNOX.
Success has attended the efforts of Gilbert H. Vernon of Truro
as a barrister because he was not only peculiarly fitted for this pro-
fession by nature but also because he carefully prepared himself
for the same. He ranks among the leaders of his field of endeavor
in Colchester. County.
Mr. Yernon was born in Hastings, England, January n, 1876.
He is a son of Charles W. and Alary (Veness) Vernon, both natives
of England, the father of London and the mother of Berwick. They
grew up in their native land, were educated and married there.
Charles W. Yernon spent his life in England. His widow finally
immigrated with her family to Xova Scotia, when the subject of
this sketch was twelve years of age, and he has been here ever since.
Air. Yernon received his primary education in the grammar school
of Hastings, England, and in the public schools of Truro, Xova Sco-
tia. He then entered the law department of Dalhousie University,
at Halifax, from which institution he was graduated with the degree
of Bachelor of Laws. Before entering the university he worked on
a farm for two years. He was admitted to the bar in October,
1897, and began the practice of his profession at Truro, Colchester
County immediately thereafter, and here he has since remained. He
enjoys a large clientage and has been very successful in the courts.
He was appointed King's Counsel in July, 1914. He has teen admit-
ted to practice in all the courts of the Province and of the Domin-
ion, and does a general practice.
Mr. Vernon was married November 15, 1899, to Katie L. Craig,
a daughter of William C. Craig and wife of Montreal, Canada. To
this union two children have teen born, namely : Irene M. V ernon,
and Reginald G. Vernon.
Politically, Mr. Vernon supports the Literal party, and he has
long been active in the affairs of the same, and he is widely known
as a campaigner of considerable force and is well informed on ques-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 367
tions of public import. In religious matters he is an Episcopalian.
Fraternally, he belongs to the Canadian Order of Foresters, the
Royal Arcanium and the Loyal Order of Moose. He is a lover of
good horses and the rod and gun, and often takes excursions into
the wilds. He has various business interests.
SMITH LAYTON WALKER, AI. D.
There is an habitual tendency in human nature to live in and for
that which is perishing, hence the necessity for something that shall
remind us of what is abiding, something that shall enable us to realize
our larger duties and higher destiny. The medical profession has a
tendency to bring about a true realization of what life means. One
of the able exponents of this science is Dr. Smith Layton Walker of
Truro, Colchester County, one of the best-known medical men in this
portion of the Province, and the incumbent of a number of positions
of trust and responsibility.
Dr. Walker was born at Truro, Xova Scotia, September 29, 1864.
He is a son of Adoniram Judson Walker and Rosie (Layton)
Walker, an excellent old family of Truro.
Dr. Walker received his education in the public schools of his
native town, later attending Horton Academy, Acadia University,
McGill University, Dalhousie University, and Bellevue University,
New York City. He received the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1885
and of Doctor of Medicine in 1890. lie has been engaged in the
active and successful practice of his profession at Truro since finish-
ing his education and enjoys a large practice which extends over a
wide territory, many of his patients coming from remote parts of
Colchester County.
He is one of the pioneers in the campaign of education of the
people as to the prevention of tuberculosis, and he has done a very
commendable work in this field. He has been a valuable contributor
to medical journals, especially on tuberculosis themes. He is the
author of "Economics or Prevention" ; "Tuberculosis, the Greatest
Problem," and numerous other pamphlets, papers and circulars on
tuberculosis, etc. He was medical officer of health for Truro from
1898 to 1902. He belongs to numerous societies and organizations
including the following: The Los Angeles (California) County
Medical Association, Colchester County Medical Society, Canadian
Medical Association; the Executive Council, Canadian Public Health
Association, Canadian Medical Association, the Canadian Associa-
368 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
tion for the Prevention of Tuberculosis ; was president of the Junior
Conservative Association, Colchester County, for two years; he was
also secretary of the Colchester Liberal-Conservative Association for
four years, and is now president of the same. He is a member of
the Canadian Political Science Association, belonged to the Fourth
International Congress School of Hygiene, also belonged to the Fif-
teenth International Congress on Hygiene and Demography.
Dr. \Yalker was married on November 21, 1894, at Wallace,
Nova Scotia, to Alary Angela Mackay. a daughter of Capt. Zebud
A. Mackay. To this union one child, a son, has been torn Arthur
Judson Walker, whose birth occurred September n, 1895.
The Doctor is a member of the Canadian Club, of which he was
secretary for three years, vice-president for one year, and president
in 1912. Fraternally, he is a member of the Independent Order of
Odd Fellows, and was grand master of the Maritime Provinces in
1907. and was representative to the Sovereign Grand Lodge (1910-
1 1 ) Nova Scotia Historical. Politically, be is a Conservative, and
religiously belongs to the Baptist church.
J. W. JOHNSON.
There is nothing more beautiful in the world than the spectacle
of a life that has reached its late autumn with a harvest of good and
useful deeds. It is like the forest in October days when the leaves
have borrowed the richest color in the Indian summer, reflecting in
their closing days all the radiance of their earthly existence. The
man who has lived a clean, useful and self-denying life and has
brought into potential exercise the best energies of his mind that he
might make the world brighter and better for his being a part of it,
while laboring for his individual advancement, cannot fail to enjoy
a serenity of soul that reveals itself in his manner and conversation.
Such a man is J. W. Johnson, the venerable justice of the peace at
Truro.
He was born May 3, 1835, at Greenfield, Colchester County, and
is a son of George and Lavenia Johnson. The father was a native
of. England and the mother of Colchester County, to which the
father immigrated when a young man and where he was married and
established his home.
J. W. Johnson received a common school education in Colchester
County and when a young man learned the blacksmith's trade which
he followed for thirteen years, then engaged in mercantile pursuits
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA 369
at Truro for about twenty years, enjoying a good trade, then he
was a magistrate until about twenty years ago. He was subse-
quently appointed justice of the peace which office he still holds and
is discharging his duties in an able, faithful and acceptable manner,
being well grounded in the basic principles of jurisprudence, and
his decisions are always fair and unbiased. Politically, he is a Con-
servative. He is a member of the Methodist church.
Mr. Johnson was married in 1858 to Annie Nelson, a daughter
of S. S. Xelson of Truro, and to this uinon nine children were born,
only two of whom survive; they were named as follows: Clara E.
and Florence are both living; Sedley, Addie, Roland, Annie, Jennie.
Mamie and Nellie are all deceased.
Although being' well past his four score years' mile-post, Mr.
Johnson's clearness of mind, normal faculties in general and his
elastic step would indicate that he has yet many useful years ahead
of him.
[RANK SMITH.
The present postmaster at Truro, Frank Smith, has long been
well known in Colchester County. In early life a school teacher, and
later for more than three decades a merchant in Truro.
Mr. Smith was born in the above named town and county. Decem-
ber 18, 1856. He is a son of Daniel C. and Elizabeth ( Dunlop )
Smith, both also natives of Truro, Nova Scotia, where the Smiths
and Dunlops were pioneers and where their names have been familiar
for several generations. Daniel C. Smith was a large land owner
and a successful farmer, a man of fine character. His death occurred
in February, 1893, an< i hi s wife died in December, 1872. John
Smith, great-grandfather of our subject, came to Canada from Dum-
fries, Scotland, locating in Prince Edward Island, bringing with
him mill-stones, intending to build a grist mill, but conditions were
not favorable to this project and the mill was never erected, and
the stones may still be seen lying on the shore near Summerside,
where they were landed from the ship that brought them over. John
Smith subsequently came to Truro, Nova Scotia, and engaged in
farming. The ancestors of our subject on thei paternal side were
all Presbyterians, and were among the first of this denomination to
settle in the Province.
Frank Smith grew to manhood on his father's farm where he
(24)
3/O HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
worked during the summer months, and he received his early educa-
tion in the public schools, later taking a normal course. He began
life for himself as a teacher which he followed three years. Not
finding this vocation entirely to his liking he abandoned the school
room and opened a book and stationary business in Truro, which
lie conducted with gratifying results for a period of thirty-five years,
his place becoming well known to the people pretty well over the
Province. In June, 1912, he was appointed postmaster at Truro,
which position he still holds, giving entire satisfaction to the people
and the government, being faithful, honest and courteous.
Mr. Smith was married October 2, 1883, to Mary Stanfield, a
daughter of Charles Edward and Lydia (Dawson) Stanfield of
Truro, where Mrs. Smith was reared to womanhood and educated.
To our subject and wife six children have l>een born.
Politically, Mr. Smith is a Conservative, and he has long been
active in the support of his party. He l>elongs to the Presbyterian
church, being a ruling elder in the Truro congregation.
SILAS ARTHUR FULTON, M. D.
Success in the medical profession is not attained without an earn-
est effort. Dr. Silas Arthur Fulton of Truro, Colchester County,
understood this when he began preparing for his life work, and
therefore he has spared no pains in his efforts to become a general
practitioner of genuine worth.
iJr. Fulton was born in the above named town and county, No-
vember 28, 1876. He is a son of William and Martha (Corbett)
Fulton, both natives of Colchester County, the father of Bass River
and the mother of Great Village. These parents grew to matur-
ity in their native county, were educated and married there. The
father was a successful furniture manufacturer of Truro until his
death, which occurred in 1882. The mother of the Doctor survived
until 1910, outliving her husband by twenty-eight years.
Dr. Fulton grew to manhood in his native town and he received
his early education in the public schools of Truro, the Truro Academy
and Normal College, then taught school in the town of Stewiacke,
Nova Scotia for three years, after which he entered the medical
department of Dalhousie University, at Halifax, from which insti-
tution he was graduated in 1902 with the degree of M. D. C. M.
Soon thereafter he began the practice of his profession in Truro and
has remained here to the present time, enjoying a good practice all
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA 37!
the while, both as a general practitioner and surgeon. He has taken
a post-graduate course in Montreal, also in Xew York.
Dr. Fulton is a member of the Colchester-Hants Counties Medical
Society, the Nova Scotia Medical Society, and the Canadian Medical
Association.
Dr. Fulton was married September 10, 1913, to Xancy M. Poole,
a daughter of Lemuel and Fliza (Brundage) Poole of Charlotte-
town, Prince Edward Island.
Politically, the Doctor is a Liberal. He has filled the position
of county medical health officer for several years. He is a member
of the Baptist church.
JOHX H. SLACK FORD.
John H. Slackford was born in Charlottetown, Prince Edward
Island, October 8, 1868. He is a son of Rev. Elias and Elizabeth
(Hobbs) Slackford, both natives of England, from which country
they came to Canada when very young. The Hobbs family were
among the early settlers in Prince Edward Island. Rev. Slackford
was educated at Sackville Academy and Mt. Allison University. He
was a minister in the Methodist church and a noted divine in that
denomination for many years. His death occurred in September,
1912, his wife having preceded him to the grave in January, 1901.
John H. Slackford received his early education in public schools
in various localities, having removed wtih his parents to different
towns in Xew Brunswick when he was a boy. He studied three
years in Sheffield Academy. However, he left school when' only six-
teen years of age and began his life work, learning the carriage
maker's trade, serving his apprenticeship at Charlottetown, Prince
Edward Island. He came to Truro, Xova Scotia in 1891, where
he followed his trade until 1904, when he engaged in carriage build-
ing for himself, continuing successfully until 1911, when he asso-
ciated himself with the Truro Foundry & Machine Company, as
secretary. A year later he was promoted to the presidency of
the company, which position he retained until in September, 1913,
during which period he increased the efficiency and business of the
plant very materially. He also has other important business inter-
ests in Truro and elsewhere in the Province and the Dominion.
Mr. Slackford was married Alarch 24, 1891, to Annie Saunders,
a daughter of John and Isabelle (McLean) Saunders. a prominent
372 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
family of Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, where Mrs. Slack-
ford was reared and educated.
Politically, Mr. Slackford is a Conservative and he has been
active in the affairs of his party for a number of years. He served
as town counselor from Ward No. 3 in Truro from 1909 until
1911, when he resigned. In February, 1914, he was elected mayor
of Truro by acclamation and he is discharging the duties of this
office in a manner that reflects much credit upon himself and to all
concerned. He is an advocate of all kinds of public improvements
and whatever is for the public good. He is a member of the Metho-
dist church. Fraternally, he belongs to the Knights of Pythias and
the Canadian Order of Foresters.
E. AMBROSE RANDALL, D. D. S.
The dental profession has an able exponent in Colchester County
in the person of Dr. E. Ambrose Randall of Truro. \Yhile engaged
in the cares and exactions of his profession he has not forgotten to
fulfill the demands of good citizenship, and no enterprise of a worthy
public nature has appealed in vain to him for support.
Dr. Randall was born in Bayfield, Antigonish County, Xova Sco-
tia. December 18, 1863. He is a son of Edward G. and Elizabeth
(Ambrose) Randall, both natives of this Province, the father born
in Bayfield, and the mother in Truro. Edward G. Randall devoted
his life principally to farming, and public service. He was collector
of customs at Bayfield, performing his duties for a period of thirty-
seven years in this connection, his record being above criticism dur-
ing that long period. He was active in public affairs and highly
esteemed in his locality. His death occurred in 1908, and the death
of his wife in 1907.
Dr. Randall received his early education in the public schools of
Bayfield, then took a commercial course, after which he began life
as a book-keeper which work he followed for a number of years
with different firms. In 1891 he began the study of dentistry in
the Boston Dental College, Boston, Massachusetts, but completed
his course in the American College of Dental Surgery in Chicago,
Illinois, graduating from that institution in 1894, with the degree of
Doctor of Dental Surgery. Returning to Nova Scotia he practiced
for two years in towns in the eastern counties, and in January. 1896,
came to Truro, where he has remained to the present time. He
enjoyed a large practice and has been very successful. He has a well-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 373
equipped office, prepared to do all modern dental work, in a prompt
and high-class manner. In order to keep fully abreast of the times
in his profession he has taken four post-graduate courses, three in
Chicago and one in New York.
He is a member of the Nova Scotia Dental Association, of which
he was at one time president, and he has long been one of the most
influential members in the same. He is special lecturer and examiner
'in the dental department of Dalhousie University, having held this
position since this department was first established, discharging his
duties as such in a manner that has reflected much credit upon his
ability and to the eminent satisfaction of all concerned. He has
various business interests in different places in the Province.
In June, 1894, Dr. Randall was married to Alary Benigna
Webster, who was born in Leeds. England, from which country she
came to the United States when young. She is a daughter of John
Webster and wife of Austin, Texas, formerly of England.
Politically, Dr. Randall is a Conservative. He is a member of
the Truro town council, also a member of the Truro board of educa-
tion, and is one of the trustees of the Young Men's Christian Asso-
ciation. He is a member of the Episcopal church, of which he is
warden.
REV. WILLIAM L. CURRIE.
Despite the paltriness of many lives, there is nothing paltry in
life itself. It is a great and splendid thing, marvelous in opportunity.
It has been well said that the most absorbing business and the finest
art under the sun is just living an art often grossly misused by
people who have not cared to become skillful in it, but in which every
human being can be an expert if he will. The gospel of Christ was
given to men to meet their needs in all the changing conditions and
in every situation in their lives. It is for every moment of every
hour, for rich and poor, for the young, the old, for wretched and
for blessed. These are some of the things that the late Rev. William
L. Currie taught, and he accomplished a great deal of good during his
career in Nova Scotia as a minister in the Church of England.
He was born at Tatamagouche, this Province, in 1845, ar >d was
a son of Alexander Currie and wife, a highly honored old family
of that place. He received a common school education, later studying
for the ministry and became prominent in the Church of England
although his life was comparatively brief. His first charge was at
374 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Cole Harbour, Halifax County, later he accepted a charge in New
Brunswick, after which he returned to Colchester County, Nova Sco-
tia, where his death occurred in 1887.
Rev. Mr. Currie was married to Margaret Ann Silver, a daugh-
ter of the late W. C. and Margaret (Etter) Silver of the city of
Halifax, and to their union five children were born, namely: Harold
T. lives in Colchester County; William S., born September 2, 1879,
lives in Truro; he married Muriel G. Anderson of Halifax: Eva E.
is the wife of A. S. Woolaver, and they live at Newport, near
Windsor ; Thomas A. G. married Margaret Logan of Milford ; Mary
is the wife of D. J. Matheson, a teacher in the Halifax public schools.
EDWIN DAVID McLEAN, M. D.
Success in any enterprise demands that some person shall learn
to do some one thing better than it has been done before, or at least
as well as any of one's compeers. It is especially true of the medi-
cal profession. As a successful physician Dr. Edwin David McLean
of Truro, Colchester County, has clone much for the cause of suffer-
ing humanity, and has won honor and the evidence of deserved suc-
cess for himself.
Dr. McLean was born in Shubenacadie, Hants County, Nova
Scotia, June 18, 1864. He is a son of Duncan and Margaret (Mc-
Heffey) McLean, both natives of this Province, the father having
been born at Springville, Pictou County, August i, 1833; the mother
was born in Shubencadie, March 9, 1846. Duncan McLean was a
physician, having graduated from Harvard University in 1860, aftef
which he began practicing in Shul>enacadie, where he continued suc-
cessfully until his death, which occurred in February, 1899, serving
the people of that community faithfully and well for a period of
nearly forty years. He was active in local affairs and frequently
refused nominations for public offices. His widow is still living,
making her home in Bridgetown, Annapolis County, being now at a
ripe old age. Like her husband before her she is a member of the
Presbyterian church and a devout Christian, both having been
charitably inclined and manifesting helpful spirits in all good causes
from their youth up.
Edwin D. McLean received his early education in the public
schools of his native town, later attending the Pictou Academy, then
Dalhousie University, finally spending two years in the medical de-
partment of that institution, finishing his course at Bellevue Hos-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
375
pital College, New York City, in 1887. Returning home, he began
the practice of his profession with his father at Shubenacadie, re-
maining there a year and a half, then went to Musquodoboit Harbour
where he practiced until his father's death in 1899, whereupon he
returned to Shubenacadie, continuing there until 1912, in which year
he located in Truro, in which town he has remained to the present
time. He has enjoyed a good practice wherever he has located and
has been very successful as a general physician. He has also various
business interests.
Dr. McLean is a member of the Hants-Colchester Counties Medi-
cal Societies, the Provincial Medical Society and the Canadian .Medi-
cal Association. He was at one time president of the first named
society.
Dr. McLean was married June 18, 1891 to I'lesch Rowlings, a
daughter of George and Emily (Anderson) Rawlings of Musquodo-
boit Harbor. Nova Scotia. This union has resulted in the birth of
four children, namely : Margaret Kmily, George Duncan, Creighton
Hill, and Jean Rowlings.
Politically, the Doctor supports the Liberal party. He served
as coroner for a numljer of years in both Hants and Halifax Coun-
ties, and was medical attendant for the Indian reservation i.n Hants
County. Religiously, he is a Presbyterian.
DAVID MATTHEW SOLOAX.
Success is only achieved by the exercise of certain distinguishing
qualities, and it cannot be retained without effort. Those bv whom
great epoch changes have been made along various lines began early
in life to prepare themselves for their peculiar duties and responsi-
biliites, and it was only by the most persevering and continuous en-
deavor that they succeeded in rising superior to the obstacles in
their way and reaching the goal of their ambition. The life of
any successful man, whether he be prominent in the world's affairs
or not is an inspiration to others who are less courageous and more
prone to give up the fight before their ideals are reached or definite
success in any chosen field has been attained. David Matthew Soloan,
principal of the Provincial Normal School at Truro, is one of the
successful educationalists of Nova Scotia.
Dr. Soloan was born at Windsor, this Province, in 1867. He
received his early education in the public schools, then entered Dal-
housie University, Halifax, from which he was graduated with the
376 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
degree of Bachelor of Arts, with honors in English and English
History, in 1888.
In that year he was appointed English master at Pictou Academy,
where he remained three years until appointed to the principalship
of the General Protestant Academy, St. Johns, Newfoundland.
Thereafter he held the principalship of the New Glasgow schools in
succession to Dr. E. Mackay, now of Dalhousie University. During
the years 1898-1900, he studied abroad at the universities of Berlin,
Heidelberg and Paris. On his return he received the appointment
to the principalship of the Nova Scotia Normal School, now the
Normal College, and in 1905 St. Francis Xavier University con-
ferred on him the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws.
During the years of 1908 and 1909 our subject was vice-presi-
dent of the Provincial Educational Association of Nova Scotia.
Since 1900 he has been principal of the Provincial Normal College
at Truro, and has done much to increase the prestige and high stand-
ing of this popular institution, which he has managed under a superb
system, introducing a number of modern improvements and keeping
the college abreast of the times in education matters.
Dr. Soloan was married in 1897 to Elizabeth Moody, daugh-
ter of the late W. H. Moody, of Yarmouth, Nova Scotia. He is an
Anglican, and it has been very properly said of him that "he is a
man of sane pedagogic ideals and great gifts in teaching."
WILLIAM RODERICK DUNBAR, M. D.
The name of Dr. William Roderick Dunbar occupies a de-
servedly high rank among the present day general physicians of Col-
chester County, he being located at Truro.
Dr. Dunbar was born in Abercrombie, Pictou County, Nova
Scotia, July 17, 1870. He is a son of Robert and Annie (Beaton)
Dunbar. William Dunbar, grandfather of the Doctor, was a pio-
neer settler at Miramichi, New Brunswick, and he engaged in lum-
bering on the Metapedia River. For some time he carried the mail
from Miramichi to Quebec, blazing his trail through the great for-
ests. A race between him and a party of Indians was instigated by
the government; his competitors were on snowshoes and more used
to the wilderness, but Mr. Dunbar won the race and was given the
contract for carrying the mail as a result of the race. Later he
engaged in the lumber business, being associated with his son, Rob-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 377
ert Dunbar, father of our subject. Annie Beaton, the Doctor's
mother, was a native of Prince Edward Island. At the time of his
marriage, Robert Dunbar lived at Ambercrombie. He spent his
later life engaged in farming. His death occurred in March, 1908,
his widow surviving until in May, 1914. Politically, Robert Dun-
bar was a Liberal, and, keeping posted on current events, was well
able to defend himself in argument. He and his wife belonged to
the Presbyterian church, and were devout Christians.
Dr. Dunbar was reared on his father's farm where he worked
when a boy. He received his early education in the public schools
of Abercrombie, until he was thirteen years old. when he entered
the high school at New Glasgow. He was given a teacher's cer-
tificate, and he began life for himself as a teacher in the public
schools of Pictou County, continuing successfully for three years,
having begun in 1889. In the fall of 1892 he entered the medical
department of McGill University at Montreal, making an excellent
record, and was graduated from that institution in April, 1897, with
the degree of M. D. C. M. Immediately he began practicing, and
met with success in various parts of Xova Scotia, coming to Truro
in May, 1904, where he has since remained. He has built up a very
extensive and lucrative practice over this section of Colchester
County. He took a post-graduate course in McGill University in
1913. He is both a general practitioner and a surgeon. He also
has various business interests.
Dr. Dunbar is a member of the Colchester County Medical
Society, the Hants County Medical Society, the Provincial Medical
Society and the Dominion Medical Association. Politically, he is
independent. He was a member of the town council of Truro from
the Third Ward for some time, and he served as a member of Truro
school board for three years, served as chairman of the police com-
mittee and the poor committee. He has served as coroner of Col-
chester County for a period of eleven years, and is still incumbent
of that office. He was president of Truro Board of Trade in 1911
and 1912, also president of the Maritime Board of Trade in 1912.
As a public servant he has discharged his duties in an able, faithful
and honorable manner, winning the approval of all concerned.
Dr. Dunbar was married April 8, 1903, to Lillian Renshaw, of
Montreal, a daughter of William and Elizabeth (Hickman) Ren-
shaw.
Fraternally, Dr. Dunbar belongs to the Masonic Order, and the
378 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Orangemen, having been grand master for the Province for one year
for the latter. He also belongs to the Canadian Order of Foresters.
He and his wife affiliate with the Presbyterian church.
MELVILLE GUMMING.
Only as the individual is lifted into something of the dignity of
true, responsible, personal life, can his duties and work assume new
and important meanings. This is true just because it is not the
simple performing of the duties which impart to them their mean-
ing, but the purpose, spirit, and way of doing them. In the instance
of this word-setting to Melville Gumming, one of Nova Scotia's
successful educationists, it may be recorded of him that during his
career he has given dignity to his profession, although he is an unas-
suming gentleman.
Mr. Gumming was born at Stellarton, this Province, January 5,
1876. and is a son of Rev. Thomas C. Gumming, D. D., one of the
prominent ministers of Nova Scotia, of the Presbyterian denomina-
tion. The mother was Matilda McXair before her marriage.
Our subject received his education in Truro Academy, where he
won a gold medal for scholarship, and later studied at Dalhousie
University. Halifax, from which institution he was graduated with
the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1897.
For the next two years he was engaged in farming and from
1899 to 1901 was a student both at the Iowa State College of Agri-
culture and Mechanical Arts, and at the Ontario Agricultural Col-
lege. He graduated from the Iowa State College receiving the de-
gree of Bachelor of Scientific Agriculture in 1900 and received the
same degree from Toronto University in 1901. He was assistant
in Bacteriology and Animal Husbandry at the Ontario Agricultural
College in 1901 and associate professor of agriculture at that institu-
tion from 1902-04. He was first principal of the College of Agri-
culture at Truro, Nova Scotia, in November, 1904, and was made
Secretary of Agriculture of Nova Scotia in May, 1907. He has
been sent to Great Britain on several occasions for the purpose of
purchasing improved breeds of live stock. He is a director of the
National Live Stock Breeders' Association and has acted as judge of
live stock at the leading exhibitions of Canada, including Ottawa,
Toronto and Calgary on different occasions. He is an authority on
live stock of all kinds and is a lecturer and platform speaker of
recognized power. He declined an appointment to the deputy com-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 379
missionership of agriculture of Saskatchewan in 1908, as well as
equally important positions in other provinces of Canada and the
United States. He was elected president of the Alumni Society of
Dalhousie University in 1910. Religiously, he is a Presbyterian.
He has never identified himself with any political party. He is an
ex-president of the Canadian Club of Truro, in which town he main-
tains his residence.
The Toronto Globe truthfully said of him: "Both as a student
and a professor he has displayed great ability." He is one of the
principal factors in building up the Agricultural school at Truro to
which he gives his best efforts.
DR. ADAM T. McLEAN.
The science of veterinary medicine and surgery in Colchester
County has an able representative in the person of Dr. Adam T.
McLean of Truro, a man who is achieving marked success in his
profession because he has been carefully trained and also because he
is well suited by nature for his chosen life work.
Dr. McLean was born in McLean, Kent County, New Bruns-
wick, January 17, 1883. He is a son of Angus and Jane (Coats)
McLean, the father a native of Cape Breton and the mother of
Coatsville, New Brunswick. The father was a farmer and also
engaged extensively in lumbering. His death occurred in May,
1897. His widow is making her home at Moncton. The family
moved to Moncton soon after the birth of the subject of this sketch
and there the parents established the permanent home of the family.
Dr. Adam T. McLean received his education in the district
schools and at the Moncton high school. He then entered a mili-
tary school at Toronto, Canada, later studied at St. John's Military
School at Quebec. He holds the commission of captain in the
Eighth Hussars, and represented the Hussars at the coronation of
King Edward in 1902. He has filled various military positions and
has long been active in military affairs. In 1907 he entered the
Ontario Veterinary College and University of Toronto, at Toronto,
from which institutions he was graduated in 1910 with the degrees
of V. S., from Ontario Veterinary College and D. V. S., from Uni-
versity of Toronto, taking both degrees the same year. He made
an excellent record in college. He began the practice of his pro-
fession at Moncton, and in November. 1910, came to Truro at the
request of the Agricultural College officials and here he has remained
380 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
as the veterinarian of that institution. He has a substantial, well
equipped three-story concrete veterinary hospital, thirty-two by fifty
feet, in which is to be found all modern appliances, electric light
and steam heat. This is perhaps the most thoroughly equipped
veterinary hospital in the Maritime Provinces. In connection with
it there is a laboratory for the inspection of milk and meats for the
town of Truro, for which town Dr. McLean is the food inspector.
Truro is the first town in the Province to establish such scientific
inspection. He has been very successful in the practice of his pro-
fession, and, being a close student, has kept fully abreast of the
times in all that pertains to the science of veterinary medicine and
surgery.
Dr. McLean was married February 14, 1907 to Maude Brown,
a daughter of Howard Brown and wife of Moncton, Xew Bruns-
wick. To this union two children were born. The first, a daugh-
ter, died in infancy. The second child, a son, was born November
23, 1915, Donald Fraser McLean.
Politically, Dr. McLean is a Liberal. He is a member of the
Nova Scotia Veterinary Association, being registrar of the same.
He was largely instrumental in the organization of this association,
and was active in securing proper legislation for the Province as
affecting veterinary surgery and its practice. He is a member of
the Baptist church. He belongs to the American Veterinary Med-
ical Association, an international organization. Fraternally, he be-
longs to the Knights of Pythias.
HORACE McDOUGALL.
A public official of Truro, Colchester County, whose record as a
public servant will bear the closest scrutiny is Horace McDougall, at
present town treasurer.
Mr. McDougall was born at South Maitland, Hants County,
Nova Scotia, January 15, 1872. He is a son of James M. and
Margaret (O'Brien) McDougall, both natives of Hants County, the
father born in South Maitland, and the mother in Noel. They
grew up in their native county, attended the public schools and were
married there, establishing the family home at South Maitland.
James M. McDougall became a master mariner and sailed all the
known seas of his time. He died of yellow fever in the West
Indies in 1876. His widow survived thirty-two years, dying in
1908. Her family, the O'Briens, were also a seafaring people.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 381
Horace McDougall was young in years when his mother removed
to Truro, and there he received his early education in the public
schools. He was six 'years old when, in 1878, the family located
there. He was graduated from the Truro high school in 1887.
Mr. McDougall began his career by clerking in a general store
in Truro for two years, then became assistant postmaster, the duties
of which position he continued to discharge for a period of ten
years, ending in 1900. His work in the post office was very satis-
factory. After leaving the same he went to Sydney, Xova Scotia
as paymaster of the Dominion Steel & Iron Company, remaining
there in this position until 1905, giving the firm entire satisfaction.
Returning to Truro he was elected town clerk and town treasurer,
the duties of which positions he continues to discharge with fidelity
and ability.
Mr. McDougall was married June 18, 1902, to Bertha T. Lock.
a daughter of Jacob Lock and wife of Lockport, Shelburne County,
Nova Scotia. This union has been without issue.
Mr. McDougall belongs to the Presbyterian church. Fraternally,
he is a member of the Masonic Order and the Royal Arcanum.
JAMES LYALL COCK, M. D.
A young physician and surgeon of Truro, Colchester Count}',
Nova Scotia who takes an earnest and abiding interest in his pro-
fession and is therefore succeeding is Dr. James Lyall Cock. He
was born in the above named city and county on October 31, 1879.
He is a son of Herbert and Agnes (Lyall) Cock. The father was
also born in Truro, the Cock family having long been well known
there. The mother of our subject was born in Scotland from which
country she came to the United States when young, with her people.
The Doctor is a direct lineal descendant of Rev. Daniel Cock, the
first Presbyterian minister in Canada. He located in Xova Scotia,
and eventually formed the first Presbyterian church in Truro, which
was the first of this denomination in the Dominion of Canada. The
father of our subject is an employee of the Intercolonial Railway.
He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian church.
Dr. James L. Cock was reared in Truro and there received his
primary education in the public schools, graduating in 1895 from
the high school. He then entered the medical department of (arts,
afterward) Dalhousie University, Halifax, from which institution
he was graduated in 1902 with the degree of M. D. C. M. After
382 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
leaving school he became physician for the Dominion Steel Com-
pany at Wabana, Newfoundland, where he remained a year and a
half. He then went to London, England in order to further equip
himself for his work, and received his degree from the Royal Col-
lege of Physicians and Surgeons M. R. C. S., England; and L. R.
C. P. of London, in 1907. Thus exceptionally well prepared for
his life work he returned to Xova Scotia and began the practice of
his profession at Truro, his old home town, and here he has re-
mained to the present time. He was successful from the first and
has enjoyed a large and lucrative practice all the while, both as a
general practitioner and surgeon.
Dr. Cock is a member of the Colchester County Medical Society,
the Provincial Medical Society, and the Canadian Medical Associa-
tion. Politically, the Doctor is independent. He is a member of
the Truro Golf Club, and is fond of athletics and outdoor sports,
spending a day now and then in the wilds with rod and gun for
recreation. He is a member of the Presbyterian church. Dr. Cock
enlisted in the medical corps of the Twenty-seventh Battalion, fall
of 1914 and during 1915 was very active at the front.
REV. WILLIAM P. GRANT.
The life of a man like Rev. William P. Grant, Presbyterian min-
ister of Truro, is worthy of emulation by other young men of Nova
Scotia whose destinies are yet to be determined, for it is being led
along high planes of endeavor, inculcating right thinking and there-
fore right living, for the world is rapidly coming to understand the
Bible phrase, "As a man thinketh in his heart so is he."
He was born May 17, 1884. at Sunny Bay, Pictou County, and
is a son of John and Annie Grant, both natives of Pictou County
where they grew up, were educated, married and established their
home. The birth of the father occurred in 1831, and the mother
was born in 1843. They are still living and are highly respected
by all who know them. Finlay Grant, the grandfather, was born in
Scotland from which country he came to Nova Scotia about the
year 1800, locating in Pictou County, and here reared a family of
about eight children. He married Ann Eraser.
William P. Grant of this sketch grew to manhood in his native
community, and he received his early education in the public schools
and Pictou Academy, later studying at Dalhousie University, from
which he was graduated in 1907 with the degree of Bachelor of
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 383
Arts and in 1909 with the degree of Master of Arts, then took the
full course in Pine Hill Presbyterian College at Halifax, graduating
in 1910. He made an excellent record in all these schools, took a
scholarship and studied in the University of Edinburgh, in Scotland
one term, also studied for some time in Germany. Returning to his
native Province he soon accepted a call to Winnipeg, Canada, as as-
sistant to Dr. Gordon, the famous author known to the literary world
as Ralph Connor, and for some time remained at St. Stephen's
church. He was called by that congregation in 1912 and was there
a year and a half, then, in December, 1913, came to Truro and has
since been pastor of the Presbyterian church here. He is doing a
good work and is popular with his congregation. He is profoundly
versed in the Scriptures and is an earnest, logical and eloquent pul-
pit orator.
ROBERT T. STEWART.
Robert T. Stewart, manager of the creamery at Scotsburn, Pictou
County, was born in that town and county, February 22, 1858. He
is a son of Donald and Christian (Gordon) Stewart, the father a
native of that vicinity also, and the mother was a native of Mt.
Dalhousie, Pictou County. John Stewart, the grandfather, was a
native of Scotland, from which country he came to Nova Scotia
with his two brothers. Peter, who located in Prince Edward Island,
and David, who settled in Antigonish. The grandfather took up
wild land at Scotsburn, which he cleared and developed. He married
Dorothy McLeod, and they spent their lives on this farm. To their
union ten sons and two daughters were born. Fie was a devoted
churchman. His death occurred when he was about eighty years old.
The father of our subject learned the shoemaker's trade, later spent
a number of years in Prince Edward Island, finally returning to
Nova Scotia and buying a portion of the old homestead, which was
still in woods and this he started to clear, still working at his trade at
intervals, and with the assistance of his sons he developed a good
farm. He lived to be eighty-seven years old. His family consisted
of six sons and two daughters, Robert T. l>eing the fifth in order of
birth.
Our subject attended the public schools in his native locality, then
went to Boston, Massachusetts, where he learned the harnessmaker's
trade, remaining in that city four years, then went to California
where he spent eighteen years, the time being spent in that portion
384 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
of the state lying between Oakland and Nappa Valley, where he had
a good business of his own. He joined his brother, Alexander, who
was a tanner by trade, and they established a tannery in Oakland,
continuing a number of years with fair success, then sold out, Robert
T. Stewart returning home in 1900 where he bought a farm, his
brother joining him. They purchased the place jointly, but built
separate homes. Our subject was one of the promoters of the Scots-
burn Creamery, the pioneer enterprise of its kind in eastern Nova
Scotia. In 1903 he was elected secretary of the board of directors,
he having been a director from the start. In 1912 he became general
manager which position he still retains. The business has been suc-
cessful. This is one of the largest creameries in the Dominion, and
an annual business of nearly one hundred thousand dollars is carried
on over a wide territory. The plant is modernly equipped and sani-
tary throughout. The Xova Scotia Dairymen's Association presented
them with a large silver punch bowl in June, 1915.
.Mr. Stewart was married on August 21, 1888, to Stella Stewart,
of Benicia. California, a daughter of Robert Stewart, of Scotch
stock. They have no children of their own, but have adopted a
daughter. Margaret Stewart.
WILLIAM SCOTT MUIR, M. D.
Any conflict waged on our planet between harmony and discord
belongs to the basic work of divine Mind before it belongs to us.
The "Power not ourselves that makes for harmony" is more inter-
ested in the success of the good cause than we can be. The late Dr.
William Scott Muir, for a number of years a successful physician of
Truro, Colchester County, understood this principle of discord and
harmony, and he tried to bring about a better state of affairs, in the
physical realm, among those with whom he came in contact. His
labors were not in vain.
Dr. Muir was born in the above named town and county, Octo-
ber 2, 1854. He was a son of Samuel Allan Muir, a native of
Cookstown, Ireland; and Esther Hunter (Crowe) Muir, who was
born in Onslow, Nova Scotia. The father was a physician of much
ability, and he located in Truro when a young man, having been
educated in Scotlano", coming direct from his native land to Truro
where he spent the rest of his life engaged in the practice of his
profession. *
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 385
William Scott Muir grew to manhood in Truro and received
his primary education in the public schools of that town, then entered
the medical department of Dalhousie University at Halifax, from
which he was graduated with the class of 1874, with an excellent
record. Not yet satisfied with the preparations he had made for
his chosen life work, he then went to Scotland and entered the med-
ical department of Edinburgh University, for a post-graduate course,
taking the degree of M. D. C. M. from Halifax, and a licenciate
degree of L. R. C. S. and P. from Edinburgh. Thus exceptionally
well equipped he returned to Xova Scotia and practiced for a short
time at Shelburne, then located in Truro, where he remained until
his death, which occurred March 10. 1902. He enjoyed a large and
lucrative practice in Truro and Colchester County and was unusually
successful. He was a worthy son of a worthy sire in every respect.
He was a man of great force of character and wielded a potent
influence for good in his locality, and all regretted exceedingly that
this skilled physician and man of affairs should be cut off in the
prime of life. He was a man of broad and liberal views and char-
itably inclined, and the people among whom he had spent his entire
life mourned his loss deeply.
Politically, Dr. Muir was a Liberal-Conservative. He was a
member of the Episcopal church. He belonged to the Colchester-
Hants Counties Medical Society, the Provincial Medical Societies
and the Canadian Medical Association, and was active and influen-
tial in all of them.
Dr. Muir was married July 30, 1879 to Catherine Jane Lawson,
a daughter of Walter and Jane Mary ( Bremmer) Lawson of Aber-
deen, Scotland.
To the union of our subject and wife one son was born. Dr.
Walter Lawson Muir, whose birth occurred August 8, 1880. He
was educated in the public schools of Truro and the Collegiate School
and Kings College of Windsor, Nova Scotia. Later he entered the
medical department of McGill University, from which institution he
was graduated in 1907 with the degree of M. D. C. M. He began
the practice of his profession in Truro in IQII.' He has followed
in the footsteps of his father and grandfather in a professional way
with marked success. Politically, he is a Conservative, and belongs
to the Episcopal church. He is a captain of the Army Medical
Corps, attached to No. i, Field Ambulance. While in college he
(25)
386 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
was an athlete and has long been much interested in athletic sports,
being especially a cricket enthusiast. He is a young man to whom
the future promises much, strong mentally and physically, educated,
well equipped for his professional duties, and possessing a com-
panionable and likable personality. He is a member of the Col-
chester County Medical Society, the Nova Scotia Medical Society
and the Canadian Medical Association.
CHARLES PRESCOTT BLANCHARD.
Today farming in its several more or less specialized branches
is regarded as a worthy calling for the brightest and best minds in
the land. One of the most progressive farmers and stock raisers of
Colchester County is Charles Prescott Blanchard, who owns a large
acreage of valuable land near Truro and who applies twentieth cen-
tury methods to his business.
Mr. Blanchard was born in Halifax, Xova Scotia, December 27,
1851. He is a son of Jonathan and Sarah (Story) Blanchard, the
former a native of Truro and the latter of Halifax. In early life
Jonathan Blanchard was a teacher, and from 1852 to 1854, inclusive,
he served in the office of the Provincial secretary at Halifax. He
was a highly educated man, an excellent mathematician of more than
a local reputation. After leaving Halifax, he located in Truro and
engaged in farming on Bible Hill, where the subject of this sketch
now resides. He l>ecame owner of a large tract of valuable land
and was one of the leading farmers of his section of the county and
although always an infirm man he has made a decided success of
general farming. He was the first man to introduce Ayershire cat-
tle into Colchester county, and he did a great deal towards improv-
ing the character of the dairy stock in his native county. He was
not only a progressive agriculturist but also had advanced ideas
of public improvement, and took a lively interest in political matters.
Politically, he was a Liberal, and while he was well fitted by edu-
cation and natural ability for high positions of public trust he de-
clined all such honors. He and his family were Presbyterians and
devoted church people. His death occurred August 22, 1886. His
wife having preceded him in the summer of 1855.
Charles P. Blanchard received his education in the public schools
of Truro, however he left school when only fifteen years of age and
engaged in merchandising in Truro for six years, then followed in
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA 387
the footsteps of his father by taking up farming on the old home
farm on Bible Hill and has continued to reside here to the present
time. He has been very successful in all his farming operations,
especially as a stock raiser, and his is one of the most desirable
farms in Colchester County, well improved and productive; it joins
the town of Truro. He has some line Clydesdale horses and Ayer-
shire cattle, many of which were imported. He is a recognized
leader in live stock development and up-to-date farming.
Air. Blanchard was married October 22, 1872, to Joanna Farn-
ham, a daughter of James and Anna (Cock) Farnham, of Brook-
side, Colchester County.
Politically, Air. Blanchard is a Liberal. He was president of
the Colchester County Liberal Association for many years, and he
has rilled various civic offices. He was appointed postmaster of
Truro in 1900 and served in that capacity in a very acceptable man-
ner until 1911. He is a member of the Presbyterian church. He
was one of the first commissioners of the Colchester Provincial
Exhibition, and was a leading factor in the first one held in the
Province outside of Halifax. He has been a wide reader of the
best journals dealing with fanning and stock raising, and he has
frequently lectured 011 these topics at meetings of farmers held in
different places in Nova Scotia, also has made frequent talks before
the agricultural College students at Truro on various topics pertain-
ing to farming and stock raising.
To Air. and Airs. Blanchard the following children have been
born: Beatrice S. is the wife of Samuel D. McLellan : Alary is the
wife of A. Owen Price: Aubry B. is a civil engineer of considerable
note; John A. is assisting his father on the home farm; Charles P.,
Jr., is an attorney and farmer of Truro: Dorothy lives at home; and
Jean, who was the fourth child in order of birth, is deceased.
GEORGE E. M. LEWIS.
Life is pleasant to live when we know how to make the most of
it. Some people start on their careers as if they had weights on their
souls, or were afraid to make the necessary effort to live up to a
high standard ; others, by not making a proper study of the conditions
of existence, or by not having the best trainers good parents are
side-tracked at the outset and never seem thereafter to be able to get
back again on the main track. George E. M. Lewis, well known
manufacturer of Truro, Nova Scotia, seems to have been fortunate
388 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
in being reared under the superb influence of a good home and, hav-
ing gotten a proper start on the highway of life, has succeeded.
Mr. Lewis was lx>rn in Colchester County, this Province, in De-
cember, 1862. He is a son of John and Margaret (Stevens) Lewis.
The father was born in Scotland, from which country he immigrated
to Nova Scotia when a young man, married here and established his
future home in Colchester County, of which his wife was a native.
These parents are both now deceased.
George K. M. Lewis grew to manhood in Colchester County, and
there received his education in the common schools, but being a great
student and having traveled extensively he has educated himself for
the must part, and is a well informed man on a diversity of subjects.
He has been very successful in a business way and under the firm
name of J. Lewis & Sons is carrying on a large and thriving manu-
facturing business in Truro and Stewiacke. Is also president of the
following companies: Eastern Hat & Cap Manufacturing Company,
Ltd., the largest manufacturers of caps and hats in Canada; Lewis
Hardwood Company, Ltd., the leading clothes-pin exporters in Can-
ada; Lewiston Shipping Company, Ltd., Glendovey Ship Company,
Ltd.. and vice-president of Eastern Shirts Company, Ltd.
Mr. Lewis is a member of the Masonic Order and the Baptist
Church.
WILLIAM ARTHUR MAcLEOD, M. D.
Among tlie younger physicians of Pictou County, \Yilliam Arthur
MacLeod, of Hopewell, is forging rapidly to the front ranks in a
community long noted for the high order of its medical talent. He
was born in New Larig, Xova Scotia, October 31. 1883, an d ' s a son
of Robert G. and Catherine (Ross) MacLeod, both natives of Pictou
County, the father of New Larig and the mother of Lillbrook.
Robert MacLeod, the grandfather, was born on the sea coming from
Scotland to New Larig, where his parents settled in early pioneer
days. Kenneth Ross was the Doctor's maternal grandfather. The
subject's paternal great-grandfather came from Scotland and took
up a farm at New Larig. The maternal grandfather, who was also
born in Scotland, came to Nova Scotia very early and also took up
a farm in this Province, in the vicinity of Millbrook, Pictou County.
He lived to be eighty years of age, and Grandfather MacLeod reached
the age of sixty-nine. They were both good farmers and respected
citizens. The father of our subject continued on the home place
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA 389
and spent his life as a farmer. He and his wife are still living.
Their family consisted of seven children, five of whom are now liv-
ing, of whom the Doctor is the youngest. .After attending the dis-
trict schools he entered Pictou Academy, and after his graduation
entered Dalhousie University, taking the arts course, then, after a
year's vacation, he entered the medical department of that institution
from which he was graduated in 1908, after which he began practice
at River Hebert, Cumberland County, where be remained until 1912,
when he removed to Hopewell, and he is building up a very satisfac-
tory practice with the people of Pictou County.
Dr. MacLeod was married Xovemb-cr 6, 1912, to Maud McClary,
of River Hebert, Cumberland County, a daughter of Samuel Ale-
Clary. To the Doctor and wife one child has been born, Arnold
Gordon MacLeod.
GEORGE W. MACLEAN.
Among the business men of Pictou Count}', who believe in modern
methods of doing things and in breaking away from many of the
old-time customs, which is necessary owing to changed conditions
since the days of our grandfathers, is George W. Maclean, of Hope-
well. He was born February 12, 1865, at Tanner Hill, Pictou Coun-
ty, and is a son of John James and Nancy A. (Macdonald) Maclean,
of West River, Pictou County, where also occurred the birth of
James Maclean, the grandfather, whose parents were very early -e:-
tlers in this county, his father having come from Scotland. Both iie
and his son engaged in farming in the \Yest River country, but tiie
father of our subject took up the tanning business, operating a small
tannery on the West River for years, the place l>eing known as Tan-
nery Hill. He continued at his trade there until 1882 when he re-
moved to Hopewell, and built a tannery which still stands. This he
operated until 1902, when bis son, George \V. Maclean joined him,
Jardine, the eldest brother having been with his father in the busi-
ness until his death in October, 1901 ; and Edward Alaxwell Maclean,
who was younger than our subject, also assisted in the business. The
father continued in this line of endeavor with much success until his
death, in October, 1912, at an advanced age, he having been born in
1834. In the summer of 1898 the firm started a branch finishing
plant at St. John's, Newfoundland, where they finished nearly all the
leather which is tanned at Hopewell. Our subject has taken the active
management of the Hopewell plant while his brother looks after the
39 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
one in St. John's, both being conducted under the firm name of J. J.
Maclean & Sons.
George W. Maclean was married on January 23, 1890, to Annie
Macdonald, a daughter of John Macdonald, one of the early settlers
of Pictou County, his progenitors having been Scotch. The follow-
ing children have been born to our subject and wife: John Preston
is now engaged at the Eastern Car Works at Trenton, Xova Scotia;
James Ross, who was graduated from the Maritime Business College
is now teaching in the business department of Acadia College at
\Yolfville ; Helena is at home.
The father of our subject was a Liberal and took an active part
in public affairs. He was a man of great energy and unusual business
ability, and led an upright life. He was an elder in the Presbyterian
Church for many years. His wife died in June. 1902. Our subject
also takes an active interest in public affairs. He was a member of
the Municipal Council for six years, representing District 17 of Pic-
tou County, being his home district. He and bis wife belong to the
Union Presbyterian Church, in which he is an elder. He is a member
of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows.
JOHN AXDRIiW GRAY.
'I he efforts of John Andrew Gray, of Hopewell, Pictou County,
have resulted in a large measure of success, which has enabled him
to spend his declining years in retirement. He was born in the above
named town and county, in May, 1853, an( l is a son of John and
Isabella (Fraser) Gray, the former born in Inverness, Scotland, and
the latter in Lome, Xova Scotia. The paternal grandparents, Donald
and Annie ( Macdonald ) Gray, were both natives of Inverness, Scot-
land, also, and there they grew up and were married, and there their
first child, John, father of our subject, was born. He was an infant
when his parents brought him to X T ova Scotia in 1801. The grand-
father was a wheelright and all round mechanic, but after coming
to this Province he engaged in farming on land now the site of
Hopewell, Pictou County. A portion of the original farm is still
owned by his descendants. He lived to be eighty-two years old, his
wife surviving him a few years, reaching alxmt the same age. He
saw the chance for a water power on his place and bought the right
to the site and built a mill on it which he conducted until it was
taken up by our subject's father, who added to it and operated a saw-
mill, grist-mill and carding-mill, continuing to run them until he
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA 391
turned them over to his son, Daniel Gray, who operated them until
his death, in 1877, when the mills and site were sold. The father
died at the age of seventy-seven years and the mother at the age of
ninety-four years. Eight children were horn to these parents, five
of whom are now living; there were three sons and five daughters.
John A. Gray of this sketch was the youngest of the family. He
received his education in the puhlic schools and Pictou -Academy, then
taught school for six months, then went to Truro on the construction
of the Intercolonial Railway, as paymaster and time-keeper, between
Truro and Amherst. He then went with the Acadia Coal Company
with which he remained six years, then spent a year in the depart-
ment of customs at Xew Glasgow, when he was appointed account-
ant at the Dorchester penitentiary, Xew Brunswick, where he re-
mained from September, 1880. until April. 11)03. when he retired and
returned to Hopewell, where he has since resided. He filled all these
positions most acceptably, fie has remained unmarried. He is a
Conservative and a Presbyterian.
JOHN D. G. STEWART.
The subject of this sketch, who is the general superintendent of
the Logan Tanneries, Limited, at Lyons Brook, Pictou County, was
born at Little Harbour, in September, 1855. He is a son of Adam
and Mary (McGregor) Stewart, the father a native of Ayr, Scotland.
and his death occurred in 1860; the mother was born in Chance
Harbour, Nova Scotia. The paternal grandparents, William and
Agnes (Brown) Stewart, were both natives of Scotland. The ma-
ternal grandfather was Alexander McGregor. Grandfather Stewart
came to Nova Scotia about 1830, first locating at Merigomish. He
had nine sons, eight of whom became millers by trade, the other was
a blacksmith. The first of the family to come to this country was
Thomas Stewart, who was accompanied by William Stewart, the
eldest son, and also an uncle of our subject. He went to Upper
Canada and engaged in the milling business at Gait, Ontario, where
he built up a large business. The father and rest of the sons followed
soon afterwards, locating in Nova Scotia, the son taking up milling in
various places. The father bought a grist-mill, also erected a saw-
mill at Little Harbour, where he died in 1860. Of a family of four
our subject, John D. G. Stewart, was the eldest of two sons and two
daughters. The brother, Adam, died at Trenton, Pictou County, in
1909. When our subject was five years old he went to Barney's
39 2 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
River and lived with his uncle, Andrew Stewart, where he was en-
gaged in milling, and remained there nine years, then removed to
Scotch Hill where he attended school. Three years later, in 1873,
he began learning the tanning business at New Glasgow, continuing
in the same until 1892, when he entered the employ of the late John
Logan, working in his plant as foreman until in June, 1912, when
be was promoted to superintendent which position he still holds. He
is thoroughly familiar with every phase of the tanning business and
is faithful in the discharge of his duties.
He was married in December, 1878, to Mary Ann McDonald,
whose death occurred in November, 1915. She was a daughter of
Alexander McDonald, of Scotch descent. To Mr. and Mrs. Stewart
these children were born : Jennie died in infancy; Adam is now chief
clerk at Sydney for the Intercolonial Railroad Company; Alexander
Eraser, who is assisting his father in the tannery ; Winfield Scott is
also engaged in the Logan Tanneries; Belinda is the wife of Albert
Logan.
THE MAcGREGOR FAMILY.
Xo family in Xova Scotia has been more prominent or influential
from pioneer days to the present time than the MacGregors, and no
history of the Province would be complete without a frequent refer-
ence to the various members of the same and the nature of their
work in various walks of life, industrially and publically, and the
biographer proposes in this article to give personal facts of a number
of the different members of this old and honored family.
The progenitor of the family in Fictou County was Rev. James
MacGregor, D. D., one of the greatest divines this Province has ever
known, and a man who did an incalculable amount of good in his
day and generation. He was born at Portmore at the foot of Loch
Erne, Farish of Comrie, Perthshire, Scotland, in December, 17^9,
and was a son of James MacGregor (Drummond). Owing to the
part the MacGregors took in the revolution of 1715, they were out-
lawed and forbidden to use their own name. He grew up in his
native land where he was educated and ordained to the ministry of
the Anti-Burgher branch of the Secession Church. He emigrated to
Nova Scotia in 1786, and located in Pictou County. He became a
power in the Presbyterian Church here and organized many churches
throughout the Province. He was one of the most forceful, learned
and eloquent preachers of his day and generation. He was twice
DR. MACGREGOR'S ITLI'IT.
Tree Still Standing Near Brirtgerille. Plctou Co., X. S.. fiuler Which Dr. Mnc(Jregor
I'l-isiched His First Sermon on tho K:\st River, Tie-ton County.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA 393
married, first to Ann McKay, of Halifax, and after her death to the
widow of Rev. Peter Gordan, of Prince Edward Island.
James MacGregor, the eldest son of Rev. James MacGregor, was
born in 1799, at Stellarton. Nova Scotia, was educated at the seminary
conducted by Dr. McCulloch, where he became proficient in Latin
and Greek. After leaving school he engaged in business in a general
way, finally admitting his sons to partnership. He was a candidate
for the Provincial Parliament on the Liberal ticket at one time, but
was not elected. He married Elizabeth Carmichael, a sister of the
late Senator James \Y. Carmichael.
Roderick AlacGregor, who was associated with his brother James
in business for a short time, later founded the business of R. Mac-
Gregor & Sons in 1843, which firm has been continued to the present
time. He was deeply interested in temperance work.
Robert MacGregor was engaged in the tanning business,
conducting the Xew Glasgow Tanneries with much success for many
years, and reared a large family. Sarah MacGregor was married to
Capt. George McKenzie, who was a famous ship builder in his day,
and represented Pictou County in the Provincial Parliament. Chris-
tian MacGregor married Abraham Patterson, of Pictou, was the
mother of the late Rev. George Patterson, D. D., LL. D., author,
historian, etc. Jessie MacGregor married Charles Eraser, of Green
Hill. Pictou County. To the second marriage of Dr. MacGregor the
following children were born: Rev. Peter Gordon MacGregor, D.
D., for many years secretary of the Presbyterian Church at Halifax.
His son, James Gordon MacGregor, E. R. S., D. S. C, etc., was pro-
fessor of physics in Edinburgh University, Scotland, at the time of
his death, in 1913. at the age of sixty years. John E. Read, a grand-
son of Rev. Peter Gordon MacGregor, was a Rhodes scholar from
Nova Scotia; he had a brilliant career in Oxford and is now practic-
ing law in Halifax. A daughter of the original Dr. James MacGreg-
or married Rev. John Cameron, of Nine Mile River, Hants County.
and another daughter married Rev. John Campbell, of Sherbrooke,
Nova Scotia.
Hon. James Drummond MacGregor, ex-lieutenant governor of
Nova Scotia, was born in New Glasgow, September i, 1838, and is
a son of Roderick and Janet (Chisholm) MacGregor. He received
his education in the schools of his native town, and when a young
man entered the employ of his father. As the years passed he became
interested in a number of other industries of importance. He is now
394 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
a director of the Eastern Trust Company, also vice-president of the
Nova Scotia Steel & Coal Company, and has long been one of the
principal factors in the management of the same. He is a member of
the board of management of the Presbyterian College of Halifax,
is vice-president of the local branch of the Lord's Day Alliance, the
Canadian Bible Society, and the Society for the Prevention of Cruel-
ty to Animals. He is president of the local branch of the Canadian
auxiliary, of the B. and F. Bible Society. He is an honorary mem-
ber of the British Society. He has long been active an influential in
the above named societies. He has been twice married, first, on
December i, 1867, to Elizabeth McColl, of Guysborough, Nova
Scotia; her death occurred in April, 1891, and in Octoljer, 1894, lie
married Roberta Ridley, of Peterl>orough. Ontario. Mr. MacGregor
served as mayor of Xe\v Glasgow for some time. He was also a
member of the Local House. He was called to the senate by Lord
Mmto. April ^4, 1903, and was appointed lieutenant-governor of
Xova Scotia by Karl Grey, October 18, 1910. As a public servant
he ever discharged his duties ably, faithfully and in a manner that
met the approval of all concerned.
Hon. Robert Malcolm MacGregor, son of Hon. James D. and
Elizabeth (McColl) MacGregor, was l>orn in Xew Glasgow, January
9, 1876. He received his education in the public schools, graduating
from the Xcw Glasgow high school after which he entered Dalhousie
University, from which he was graduated in 1896 with the degree
of Bachelor of Arts. He entered the employ of his father when a
young man, becoming a partner in the firm of R. MacGregor & Sons,
Limited, wholesale grocers, and also in the firm of J. D. & P. A.
MacGregor, Limited, lumber merchants. He is a director in each
and takes an active part in the business of both concerns. He was
married on September 20, 1905, to Laura MacNeil, a daughter of
Robert MacNeil, Warden of Pictou County. To their union the fol-
lowing children have been born : Elizabeth Adelaide, Robert died in
1910, James Drummond, and Janet Lyle. Politically, he is a Literal.
He was elected to the local Legislature on December 15, 1904, to fill
a vacancy caused by the resignation of E. M. Macdonald, and he was
re-elected at the general election in 1906 and again in 1911. Re-
ligiously, he is a Presbyterian as is his father also. He was ap-
pointed a member of the executive council of Nova Scotia without
portfolio, June 28, 1911. He was chairman of the committee on
railroads and municipalities for several years. In 1910 he was
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA 395
chairman of the select committee that drafted the Xova Scotia work-
men's compensation act. He was one of the governors of Dalhousie
College from 1908 to 1914. He is a director of the Logan Tanneries,
Limited.
Peter Archibald MacGregor was born in New Glasgow, March
7, 1841. He was educated in private schools, and when but a \yoy
entered his father's business and eventually became a partner in the
firm of R. MacGregor & Sons, Limited, continuing in the same until
the death of his father, in 1871, at the age of seventy-years. Then
he and his brother, Hon. J. 1). MacGregor, continued the business.
changing from general merchandise to a wholesale grocery, but re-
taining the old firm name. Later they admitted as a partner Robert
Murray, who is now general manager of the firm. The brother;-,
J. D. and P. A., then formed a separate business under the fhu;
name of J. D. & P. A. MacGregor, taking over the shipping, lumber-
ing and mining interests of the firm. Peter A. MacGregor married
in 1892, Minnie McKeen. of Gay's River, Hants County, and a
daughter of William McKeen. To this union the following children
were born: Jean Margaret, Sarah Band, Roderick Archibald, Will-
iam Gordon, and James Drummond. Mr. MacGregor has been
treasurer of the United Presbyterian Church of Xew Glasgow for
forty years, also a member of the board of managers. He was one
of the original promoters of the Aberdeen Hospital, of which he has
been treasurer from the start. He has long taken an active interest
in temperance work, and was secretary of the County Alliance when
the Scott act was adopted in 1883.
James Carmichael MacGregor was born February 12, 1849. M1
New Glasgow, a son of James MacGregor and wife. He was edu-
cated in private schools, and when but a boy entered the employ of
his father, and about 1866 he was given an interest in the business,
which he retained until June 22, 1869, when he entered the branch of
the Bank of Xova Scotia in Xew Glasgow as teller, James W. Car-
michael being agent. He continued in that bank until 1883. After
the first few years he devoted his time between managing the branch
bank and the business of J. W. Carmichael & Company, severing his
connection with the bank in 1883, and gave his attention exclusively
to the last named company. On October 24, 1885, he married Mar-
garet C. MacGregor, of New Glasgow, and to this union one child
has been born, a son, Ian MacGregor, who is now attending Toronto
University. Mr. MacGregor is president and managing director of
396 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
J. W. Carmichael & Company, in which he became a partner on
December 31, 1871. On the death of J. W. Carmichael, in 1903, he
became president of the firm which position he has since retained.
He is a member of the National Liberal Club, London, England. He
is a Liberal in politics. He is a director of the Nova Scotia Steel &
Coal Company, Limited, and is vice-president of the Aberdeen Hos-
pital at New Glasgow. He and his wife belong to the Presbyterian
Church. He has long been one of the leaders in all movements look-
ing toward the betterment of his community.
George H. MacGregor was born in February, 1880, at New
Glasgow, and is a son of J. Haywood MacGregor. After attending
the public schools he entered the Academy from which he was gradu-
ated, then accepted a position in the counting room of the Nova
Scotia Steel & Coal Company, where he remained alxnit six years,
then engaged in various things at different places for two years. Re-
turning home, he formed a partnership with Andrew Rudland, open-
ing up the present business, the Steel Furnishing Company, Limited,
manufacturers of all kinds of steel structural work, etc. They have
built up a large business and ship their products all over the Domin-
ion. They have a large and modernly equipped plant and give em-
ployment to a large force of men.
Air. MacGregor was married in June, 1913, to Isabel Fraser, of
New Glasgow, a daughter of Thomas Fraser, a master mechanic in
the employ of the Nova Scotia Steel & Coal Company. To this union
one child has been born, John Haywood MacGregor.
PROFESSOR DAVID FRASER HARRIS, M. D.
It is not always easy to discover and define the hidden forces that
move a life of ceaseless activity and of large professional success.
Little more can l^e done than to note their manifestations in the
career of the individual under consideration. In view of this fact,
the life of Dr. David Fraser Harris, of Dalhousie University, one of
the scholarly men of Nova Scotia, affords a striking example of well
defined purpose with the ability to make that purpose subserve not
only his own ends but the good of his fellow-men as well.
Professor Harris was born at Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland,
February 24, 1867, and is the oldest son of the late David Harris,
F. R. S. E., F. S. S., who was born at Dunster, Somerset, England,
in 1842, and of Elizabeth Sutherland Fraser, who was born at Fort
William, Inverness-shire, Scotland, in 1842. Our subject's maternal
HISTORV OF NOVA SCOTIA 397
grandmother's uncle, Dr. Brown, of Mtisselburgh, corresponded with
the famous Dr. Jenner about smallpox and inoculation. Dr. Brown's
medical apprentice was the celebrated David MacBeth Moir, the
"Delta" of Blacku-ood's Magazine. Our subject's grand-uncle, Will-
iam Sutherland Fraser, who was born in 1801 and died in 1889, was
in 1828 one of the junior counsel employed on the trial of the notori-
ous murderers and body-snatchers. Burke and Hare. Mr. Fraser
witnessed the execution of Burke in January. 1829, which proved to
be the last public execution in Scotland. His memory, even in 1880,
of these early days, was particularly vivid. Through his paternal
grandmother, Professor Harris has as a collateral ancestor the Eng-
lish poet, John Gay. Gay was buried in \Yestminster Abbey.
Dr. David F. Harris received his education at the Edinburgh
Collegiate School, Edinburgh University, University College, Eon-
don ; Glasgow University, and subsequently did post-graduate study
and research at the Universities of Bern, Zurich and Jena. He has
received the following degrees: Bachelor of Medicine and Master
in Surgery from Glasgow University, in 1903; Doctor of Medicine
from Glasgow University, in 1905; Bachelor of Science, London, in
1899; and Doctor of Science, Birmingham, in 1911. He was elected
a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1896; also elected a
Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland in the same year.
He was appointed private assistant to the professor of Physiology
in Glasgow University in 1890, later he was "Muirliead" demon-
strator of physiology and senior assistant. Ele was "Armitstead
lecturer at Dundee in 1895, and Edinburgh health lecturer in 1900.
Professor Harris was Thompson lecturer on natural science in the
Free Church College at Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1911. He was
examiner in Physiology and Hygiene to the L. L. A. scheme of the
University of St. Andrews; lecturer on Physiology and Histology,
University of St. Andrews from 1898 to 1908; lecturer on Physi-
ology. University of Birmingham, England, from 1909 to 1911;
lecturer on Hygiene and School Hygiene in the Midland Institute,
Birmingham, from 1909 to 1911, and he has been Professor of
Physiology and Histology in Dalhousie University, Halifax, since
1911. He has given eminent satisfaction in all these positions.
Dr. Harris was formerly captain and O. C. 7th (University)
Company, First Fife Royal Garrison Artillery (Volunteers) St.
Andrews. He is independent in politics, and has never held any
political offices either public or otherwise.
39^ HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
He has done a good deal of research work, some of which might
be mentioned as follows : Modification of the freezing microtome of
Professor Rutherford; researches on Xeuro-muscular periodicities
(Proc. Royal Society of London) ; introduced to Biologists the con-
ception of functional inertia as a fundamental property of proto-
plasm ; research on "Reductase," the reducing ferment of animal
tissues (Proceedings of the Royal Society of London). Professor
Harris at the present time holds a grant from the Royal Society of
London for research work.
Dr. Harris is a member of the Authors' Club, London, S. W. ; a
Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh; a member of the Physi-
ological Society of Great Britain; member of the Biochemical Society
of Great Britain (original member). He was formerly president of
the Scottish Microscopical Society for 1908-9; was a member of the
Neurological Society, of the Edinburgh Botanical Society; he is
president of the Xova Scotia Institute of Science, and is a member
of the Historical Society of Xova Scotia. Dr. Harris, as represent-
ing Dalhousie University, is an original member of the Medical
Council- of Canada founded in 1912. Professor Eraser Harris has a
private practice as consultant in Nervous Diseases. At the present
time he is Dean of the Faculty of Medicine of Dalhousie University.
Dr. Harris has been a prolific writer; among his many publica-
tions might be mentioned the following: Caroline Park and Roys-
toun Castle, 1896; St. Cecilia's Hall in Edinburgh, the History of
the Rise of Concert in Old Edinburgh, Oliphant. Anderson and
Ferrier, Edinburgh, 1898; the Functional Inertia of Living Matter,
1908; Churchill, London; Nerves: Home University Library, Will-
iams & Xorgate, London, 1912; Consciousness as a Cause of Neural
Activity: Hibbcrt Journal, 1913; Colored Thinking and Allied
Conditions: Science Progress. July, 1914; Poetry and Science: The
Westminister, November, 1915; The Essentials of Physiological His-
tory: Birmingham Medical Review, April, June, and August, 1909;
Sleep, a health lecture, Cornish, Birmingham. 1909; Latent Life:
Knowledge, June, 1910; Influence of Italy on British Life and
Thought; Canadian Magazine, June, 1915; The Methphor in Science,
Science, August 30, 1912.
Dr. Harris was married December 23, 1902, at St. Andrews,
Scotland, to Eleanor Leslie Hunter, the youngest daughter of the
late Lieut-Col. Frederick Mercer Hunter, C. B., C. S. L, and of
Agnes Maria Moyle, now of St. Andrews, Scotland.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA 399
MAJOR JOSEPH WILLIS MARGESON, M. P. P.
In the ages of the world in which might be constituted the meas-
ure of right; when controversies were determined by wager of bat-
tle, lawyers were not much needed. But when the arts, science and
commerce were encouraged and practiced among the people, the legal
professions soon became a necessity, and are now indispensable.
Nova Scotia has long been noted for the high order of her legal
talent. One of the most creditable representatives of this profession
in Lunenburg county is Major Joseph Willis Margeson, who has
also won an envied reputation as an educationist, and has been very
active in military affairs.
Major Margeson was born at Harborville, Kings County, Xova
Scotia, April 2, 1880, and is a son of Otis A. and Jennie (Cahill)
Margeson, natives of Nova Scotia. His maternal great-grandfather
came from Tipperary, Ireland, and his father is of United Empire
Loyalist stock.
Major Margeson received his education in the public schools, the
Berwick high school, the Provincial Normal College at Truro,
Acadia University at Wolfville, and the Dalhousie Law School, Hali-
fax, graduating from the latter with the degree of Bachelor of Laws
in 1908. He was admitted to the bar in the year 1908, and has been
very successful in the practice of his profession. He devoted a
number of years of his early life to teaching with equal success,
having taught in the public schools at Waterville, South Berwick
and Lakeville in the County of Kings, and was principal of the Ber-
wick high school in 1903-1904.
Politically, he is a Conservative and has long been active in party
affairs. At the general election June 14, 1911, he was elected a
member of the Legislative Assembly for Lunenburg County by a big
majority, and is still incuml>ent of this office, the duties of which he
is discharging in a faithful, able and satisfactory manner. He con-
tested Lunenburg County in November, 1909, against Hon. A. K.
McLean, attorney-general, at a by-election, but was defeated.
Religiously, Mr. Margeson is a Baptist and fraternally is a mem-
ber of many societies. He is high counsellor of the Independent
Order of Forresters. He was for some time lieutenant of the
Seventy-fifth Regiment in Lunenburg County, and was appointed
paymaster and assistant adjutant of the Twenty-fifth Battalion C. E
F. in December, 1914, with the rank of captain. He went over-
seas with this battalion in June, 1915, and has seen much of the fight-
4OO HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
ing in France and Belgium. In December, 1915, he was appointed
inspector pay and record services, Canadian contingent with
the rank of major. He was the first member of the Assembly to sit
in parliament in military uniform. He is a member of the legal
firm of McLean & Margeson, barristers, of Lunenburg.
Mr. Margeson was married September 16, 1908, to Mary Ger-
trude Mclntosh, of Truro, Xova Scotia, and to this union two chil-
dren have been born, namely : Doris Gwendolyn, and Olive Ger-
trude.
CHARLES E. CROWE.
One of the lumber men of Colchester County, Nova Scotia, who
has long been familiar with this industry in Colchester and Hants
Counties, is Charles E. Crowe, who maintains his residence at the
town of Old Barns, in which place he was born June 19, 1861. He
is a son of James and Harriet (Archibald) Crowe, both of whom
were burn on farms in the vicinity of Old Barns, and each represen-
tatives of the earliest and among the most influential families of that
section of the county. Different branches of the two families have
since continued to reside here and are well known throughout the
country and in various parts of the Province. James Crowe, the
father, was a successful ship builder, operating yards on the south
side of Cobequid Bay, not far from Old Barns. He built many of
the best vessels of his time and was widely recognized as a master
ship builder. His death occurred when the subject of this sketch
was quite young.
Charles E. Crowe was reared on the home farm where he worked
when a boy, and he received his education in the common schools of
that vicinity. He also helped his father in the ship yards. As a
young man he became engaged in lumbering, much of the lumber
and timber he handled being used in the ship building industry. His
operations grew and extended largely into Hants County until he
became one of the largest operators in this line in that section of the
Province. In recent years he disposed of his holdings in Hants
County, and is now operating upon his own valuable timber lands in
Colchester County, within a few miles of Old Barns. His extensive
holdings embrace about fifteen hundred acres, including timber and
farming lands a large area of the very finest timber lands in that
county. His farm operations also are extensive. He has a com-
modious, modernly appointed dwelling and large, convenient barns,
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA 4OI
his outbuildings being among the very best in that vicinity. Some
good live stock may be seen in his fields at all times. He is and has
been for some time engaged in mercantile pursuits at Old Barns,
where he has a good general store and enjoys a large trade.
Mr. Crowe has been postmaster at Old Barns for some years. He
is a Conservative in politics, and has long been an active worker in
his party.
On December 22, 1899, occurred the marriage of .Mr. Crowe to
Margaret Yuill, a daughter of Charles and Alary Yuill. of Colchester
County, where she was reared to womanhood and educated. T\vo
children have been born to this union, namely: Tames Roland Crowe
and Margaret Crowe. Our subject and family are members of the
Presbyterian Church, and he belongs to the board of trustees of the
same. Fraternally, he is a member of the .Masonic Order and the
Canadian Order of Foresters.
CHARLES WFXTWORTH Ul'HA.M IIFAVSOX, M. 1).
Those by whom great progress has been made in the political,
industrial or professional world began early in their career to pre-
pare themselves for their special duties and responsibilities, and it was
only by the most courageous and persistent endeavor that they suc-
ceeded in rising superior to the obstacles in their way. Judging from
the record Dr. Charles Wentworth Uphara Hewson, well-known
physician and capitalist of Amherst, Xova Scotia, carefully laid the
foundation for large future success, which he has achieved in later
years.
Dr. Hewson was born in Jolicure, Xew Brunswick. February 28,
1844. His parents were William A. and Flizabeth (Chandler) Hew-
son. He received his early education at Sackville, later studied at
Mount Allison and St. Joseph Colleges, Xew Brunswick. He gradu-
ated in medicine from the University of Renna, and began the prac-
tice of his profession in River Hebert, where he continued for
eleven years, doing a successful practice. In 1883, he went to Scot-
land, and for some time attended the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh.
where he took the degrees of Licentiate of the Royal College of
Physicians and Master of Laws. Returning to Canada, he settled
in Amherst, Nova Scotia, in May, 1884, where he has since enjoyed
a large and lucrative connection. He has also been very successful
(26}
4O2 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
in a business way and is one of the strong men financially in his part
of the Province.
The Doctor has been prominent in public matters for many years
and for some time filled the office of coroner of Cumberland County.
He is a member of the Masonic Order, in which he has long taken
an active interest. He is widely known for his medical skill, and
highly respected for the many good qualities which make him a de-
sirable public man and a good citizen. In religion he is an Episco-
palian. He was twice marreid, his first wife being Mary E. Hap-
good, a native of Calais, Maine. To this union a daughter, Mrs.
S. K. Chapman, of Amhurst, was born. His second wife was Odia
Treedie, a daughter of the late Rev. James Treedie. a prominent
clergyman of the Methodist Church of Maritime Provinces.
J. ALDER DAVIS.
For a number of decades the name of J. Alder Davis has been
prominent not only in the legal profession at Amherst, Nova Scotia,
but as manager of electrical and other business enterprises. He is a
man of many-sided attainments, and he has not drunk exclusively
from the legal fountains. He is a close student of authorship, out-
side of his profession, and enjoys his own choice and methods of
mental and physical recreation. But if he imbibes of the purities of
classic literature, electrical science or other equally interesting fields,
he easily finds his way back to his books, his library or legal lore and
his old professional associates.
Mr. Davis was born at Leicester, . Cumberland County, Nova
Scotia, February 5, 1849. He is a son of John and Tryphena (Boss)
Davis. The father was born in Prince Edward Island in 1812, and
the mother was born in Athol, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia,
in 1815. Through their industry and perseverance these parents
established a comfortable home in Cumberland County where they
are well and favorably known in the vicinity of Leicester.
J. Alder Davis grew to manhood in his native county and there
received his early education in the common schools, later attending
Mount Allison University, where he excelled in mathematics. He
studied law and in due course of time was admitted to the bar, and
has long been one of the successful and well known lawyers in the
northern part of the Province. He has for a number of years held
the position of stipendiary magistrate for the County of Cumberland.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA 403
He received the degree of Bachelor of Arts from the above named
university.
Mr. Davis was married on October 24, 1885, to Rebecca J.
Logan, a daughter of John and Antoinette (Fillmore) Logan, of
Amherst. This union has been without issue.
Politically, Mr. Davis is a Conservative. Religiously, he is a
Methodist; and fraternally, belongs to the Masonic Order. He is
also a member of the Canadian Club and the Board of Trade at
Amherst. He has long been one of the boosters of his home town.
THEODORE R. FORD, M. I).
Success in the medical profession is not attained without patient
and painstaking effort, and he who is not willing to apply himself
assiduously and honestly had better not enter the ranks. Dr. Theo-
dore R. Ford, of Liverpool, Queens County, understood this when
he started out in life's serious work, and so he has put forth the
proper energy to win success.
Dr. Ford was born in Milton, Queens County, Nova Scotia,
August 21, 1874. He is a son of Leander S. and Mary Ellen (Free-
man) Ford, both parents also natives of the town of Milton where
they grew to maturity, attended school and were married. Their
parents were pioneers of that vicinity. The death of Leander S. Ford
occurred in 1906, and his widow is still living. In his earlier life
he was a carriage manufacturer, and in later years was fishery in-
spector for the government. Politically, he was a Liberal-Conserva-
tive. During the years of the Holmes-Thompson- government in
Nova Scotia he represented Queens County in the Provincial Parlia-
ment, and he was always active in public affairs. While inspector of
fisheries he had seven counties under his supervision. He was a
self-educated man, a great reader, ready at repartee and an able con-
versationalist. Fie was a man of wide influence and sterling qualities.
His family consisted of four children, namely : Lillas M. was the
wife of William Soloman, she being now deceased; Belle W. is the
wife of Rufus P. Morton, of Princeton, Minnesota; Andrew Stan,
a physician, lives 'in Cincinnati, Ohio; and Theodore R., of this
sketch. Three uncles on the mother's side were physicians. Leander
S. Ford and wife were members of the Disciples Church and were
devout Christians.
Dr. Theodore R. Ford was reared in Milton and attended the
public schools there and in Liverpool. Later he was a student in
404 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Acaclia College for two years, then entered the medical department
of Dalhousie University, Halifax, from which institution he was
graduated with the class of 1903. In the fall of that year he located
at Digby for the practice of his profession, where he remained six
years, and in 1909 came to Liverpool to practice among his boyhood
friends and has remained here ever since, having enjoyed a good
practice from the first, both here and at Digby.
He is a member of the Oueens-Lunenburg Counties Medical
Societies, the Provincial Medical Society, and the Dominion Medical
Association. Politically, he is a Liberal-Conservative, keeps well in-
formed Dii public questions and is active in political affairs.
i)r. ! ; ord was married December 24, 1907, to Margaret Leary, a
daughter of ('apt. \Yilliam and Eugenia ( Eldridge) Leary, of Sandy
Cove. Digbv County. To this union one son has been born, William
Eugene Ford.
The Doctor has a modern and well-furnished home and he and
his wife are prominent in social life. They are members of the
Disciples Church.
S A. \DFORD HARRINGTON PELTON.
There has not been an}- recession from the high standards of
integrity, judicial intelligence and purity, eminent moral character
and distinguishing fealty to the laws and liberal institutions of our
country by the legal lights of the present day in Nova Scotia, of
whom Judge Sandford Harrington Pelton, of Yarmouth, is one.
All have sought to be loyal to the pioneers who framed the laws, the
courts who administered them, and the lawyers that expounded them.
in the generations that have passed. Progress has been made toward
more elevating professional ideals, the enactment of better laws to
suit changed conditions, and the most rigid administration of them.
Judge Pelton was born in New York City, September 28, 1845,
and is a son of Milo Sandford Pelton, who was born at Middlefield,
Massachusetts, February 14, 1815; the mother, Louisa Maria (Har-
rington) Pelton, was born at Antigonish, Nova Scotia, June 10, 1814.
Our subject is a descendant of John Pelton, of Essex, England,
whose birth occurred there about the year 1616, and who about 1632
emigrated to Boston, Massachusetts, where he located and from him
has descended the numerous family of this name in the New World.
The mother of our subject was a daughter of Daniel Harrington, of
Cornwallis, Nova Scotia, who, in later life lived at Antigonish. His
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA 405
wife was Anna Eliza De Wolfe. The Judge's father died in Ware,
Massachusetts, May 12, 1849, at the early age of thirty- four years,
his widow surviving until she was eighty-three years old, dying
in Halifax, April 3, 1897. Of the three children of these parents,
George died in infancy; and Mary Louisa died in Halifax, June 9.
1891, at the age of forty-three years; Sandford H., of this sketch,
is the only survivor of the family.
Upon the death of his father young Pelton removed with his
mother to Nova Scotia, he being four years of age at that time, and
here he has resided ever since. The mother returned to her old home
in Nova Scotia, where Mr. Pelton grew to manhod and attended
the common schools. After passing through the high school he had
private tuition in the languages. He studied law and was admitted
to the bar of Xova Scotia in 1867, having been under the preceptor-
ship of his uncle. Charles V. Harrington, Queens Counsel of Arichat,
Cape Breton, who represented Richmond Count}- in the Provincial
Legislature and was one of the commissioners for the revision of the
statutes of X T ova Scotia (third series). On the death of Mr. Har-
rington in 1864, our subject continued his legal studies in Antigonish
in the office of his cousin, the late lion. Daniel Macdonald, member
of Provincial Parliament from Antigonish Count}', and for a time
Attorney General of the Province. At the time of his admission
to the bar, in October, 1867, our subject was made a notary public,
and at once commenced the practice of his profession in Yarmouth,
where he remained until 1907, enjoying a large and varied practice
and becoming a leader of the bar, and in that year he was appointed
judge of the County Court for District No. 3. Nova Scotia, and
since that time he has been discharging the duties of his responsible
position on the 1>ench in an able, faithful and eminently satisfactory
manner. His decisions are noted for their fairness and deep insight
into the principles of jurisprudence. He was made a Queen's Counsel
in May, 1876. He was stipendiary magistrate for the town of Yar-
mouth from 1895 to T 97 anc ^ f r tne County of Yarmouth from
1900 to 1907. He was appointed a justice of the peace for Yar-
mouth County in 1898, and he was Crown prosecutor of that county
for a period of twenty years. From the incorporation of Yarmouth
in 1890 to the present time he has been one of the government com-
missioners on the school board of the town, and has been chairman
of this board continuously since 1903. He was a commissioner from
the government of Canada to the Republic of Uruguay in 1905 and
406 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
he spent some time in Montevideo, and successfully accomplished
the purpose of his mission.
Politically, the Judge was a Liberal, and has long been one of the
leaders of his party in the southern portion of the Province, but
since his appointment to the bench he has been independent. He was
a member of the Liberal Executive Committee in his county for a
number of years, and in 1902 was selected by a large vote at a Liberal
convention to contest Yarmouth County in the Liberal interests as a
candidate for the House of Commons of Canada at the general
election held that year, but he declined the nomination. He is an
adherent of the Presbyterian Church, and for many years has been
a trustee of St. John's Church of Yarmouth. He has been con-
nected with the Sons of Temperance, Good Templars and Temple of
Honor and Temperance. He has always been a total abstainer. He
has been an active Freemason, and is a past district deputy grand
master, a past grand warden of the Grand Lodge of Xova Scotia, a
Royal Arch Mason, a past high priest, and past grand scribe of the
Grand Chapter of Xova Scotia.
Judge Pelton was married November if>, 1869, to Mary Georgina
Darby, a daughter of Capt. Joseph W. Edward Darby, of Halifax,
who in the early days was commander of the cruiser Daring for
some years. Capt. Darby's wife was Caroline Amelia Kelley before
her marriage. She was a native of Kelley's Cove, Yarmouth County,
and a daughter of Capt. Robert Kelley, who was a large ship owner
and West India merchant.
To Judge Pelton and wife the following children have been 'born:
Charles Sandford, born April 30, 1871, stipendiary magistrate of
the town of Yarmouth for the past eight years and Prothonotary of
the Supreme Court; Eva St. Clair, born December 2, 1872; Sydney
De Wolfe, Court Reporter, born June n, 1874, died at Riverside,
California. May 5, 1912; Arthur Waldemar. born April 16, 1876,
died in Yarmouth, January 10, 1885; William Edward, born Janu-
ary 12, 1879. died February 9, 1879; Aleck Roy. born June 3, 1880,
died January 3, 1885; Reginald Victor, an accountant, born October
24, 1881 ; Clive Milo, a bookkeeper, born August 24, 1883, died
November 15, 1903; Lionel Keith, born April i, 1886, died August
16, 1899; Guy Cathcart, a journalist and writer, was born April 26,
1887; Gerald Vincent, a barrister, with the degree of Bachelor of
Laws, practising at Edmonton, Alberta, was born May n, 1888;
Grace MacNab, born March 2, 1892.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA 407
JOHN NEVILLE ARMSTRONG.
John Neville Armstrong, for many years one of the leading
citizens of North Sydney, was one of the brilliant educators, barris-
ters and one of the most useful of Nova Scotia's public servants.
He was of Scottish-Irish extraction, and was born at Sydney Mines,
Cape Breton, June 28, 1854. He was a son of James and Cather-
ine (Neville) Armstrong. The father was born in 1817 at St.
John's, Newfoundland, and the mother was born in Bridgetown,
Nova, Scotia, September 12, 1822. The father came with his par-
ents to Sydney Mines in 1827. To James Armstrong and wife
eight children were born, three of whom are still living. These par-
ents were married in Sydney Mines. The father was a shoemaker
by trade and died in North Sydney, where his aged companion is
yet living.
John N. Armstrong grew to manhood in his native community
and there received a common school education. After leaving the
Sydney high school he went to Cambridge, Massachusetts, and
studied law in Harvard University, and he was a D. C. L. of Aca-
dia University. When fifteen years old he taught school and later
by hard work saved enough money to defray the expenses of a law
course. He was admitted to the bar in 1892, previous to which he
had become principal of the North Sydney high school, and a most
efficient one. Soon after beginning the practice of his profession
he became a King's Counsellor. He was the first president of the
Cape Breton Historical Society. He was a Literal in politics and
was president of the Liberal Association of Cape Breton County.
From time to time he served with distinction on arbitration boards
when important matters were in dispute. During his career he filled
many offices of different kinds and was one of the most prominent
figures in the Province. He was appointed to the Legislative Coun-
cil of Nova Scotia, representing Cape Breton County, February 20.
1899, and moved in that chamber in 1908 for the fitting commem-
oration of the establishment of the first General Assembly and rep-
resentative government of Nova Scotia. And speaking of him in
his capacity as chairman of private and local bills, the Hon. H. M.
Goudge said: "He was a man of knowledge and also of vision-
he will be greatly missed."
In 1910 Mr. Armstrong was appointed vice chairman of the
Royal Commission on Technical Education, the report of which
was delivered to the Dominion government in 1913, and he accom-
408 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
paniecl the commission to Europe in 1911 on its tour of inquiry
into educational conditions. He was active in the public life of
North Sydney for many years, and besides the office of treasurer
he was for some time city solicitor and town clerk. In religion he
was a Baptist, and his brother, Rev. W. F. Armstrong, D. D., has
labored in Burmah, India, as a missionary from the American Bap-
tist Missionary Union for many years, and his brother, T. J. Arm-
strong, is president of Noonbag Company, of Portland, Oregon.
As a lawyer, Mr. Armstrong long occupied a position in the
front ranks of his professional brethren. In his earlier career he was
in partnership with Blowers Archibald, and this became one of the
best known law firms of the northeastern part of Nova Scotia.
Mr. Armstrong was married January 28, 1890, to Jennie E. Rice,
a daughter of Abner A. and Elizabeth (Foyle) Rice, both natives
of Cape IJreton, where they grew up, were educated and married,
and there became well established and well known. She is still
living in the family home in North Sdyney. Six children were born
to our subject and wife, live of whom are living at this writing,
namely: Minnie Kathleen is teaching school and music; Robert
Neville, on clerical staff of Dominion Coal Company; Jean Frances;
Helen R.. born May 30, 1899, died in August, of that year; Evelyn
Rice and John Murray.
The death of John N. Armstrong occurred on December 23,
1913, when nearly sixty years of age, after a brief illness. The
Halifax Herald jaid of him in its lengthy article on his death and
career: "11 is death early on \\~ednesday morning came as a shock
to a great many people in Halifax, for Mr. Armstrong was very
well known in this city. It was more than a shock, it was a blow
that brought sadness. Hon. Mr. Armstrong was a friendly man
one who made friends. He was an able man and the public life of
this Province will be the poorer because of his death. He was a
prominent member of the Liberal party. As a member of the Tech-
nical Education Commission, appointed by the late government, he
did excellent work, displaying qualities of shrewd common sense,
and thorough mastery of details which also manifested themselves
in his every line of activity. Mr. Armstrong had been a life-long,
intimate and dear friend of Premier Murray, to whom the news of
his death was a particular shock. Knowing his condition to be
serious, Mr. Murray communicated very early with his brother 1 ,
Dr. Rindress, of North Sydney, making inquiry when, to his great
K
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03
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA 4OQ
grief, as all who have experienced a friendship which meant much
to them will realize, he was informed that Mr. Armstrong had
passed away. When asked for a tribute to his friend of years,
Premier Murray said, with deep feeling: "D.o not ask me for that
it is impossible for me to put into words what I feel. Mr. Arm-
strong and I have been friends since boyhood. We lived in the
same town and the friendship has grown more intimate and dearer
with the passing of years." Mr. Armstrong was referred to at the
Provincial building as almost indispensable to the Legislative Coun-
cil; well informed, well educated, splendidly equipped, and in the
language of the Premier, "one of the most companionable of men."
He was a man of most kind and courteous demeanor and was thor-
oughly well informed. The St. John's Telegraph, in a refernce to
him, characterized him as "one of the most widely informed public
men in Eastern Canada.''
THE VERY REV. JOHN P. DKRWEXT LLWYD.
The Very Rev. John P. Derwent Llwyd became Dean of Nova
Scotia in 1913 on the death of the revered Dean Crawford. Pre-
viously he was Vice-Provost of Trinity College, Toronto, where lie
undertook the special work of raising a large addition to the en-
dowment fund, which resulted in the addition of $170,000 to the
resources of the college. Prior to that he had spent some years in
the United States; for a long period he was rector of an important
parish at Seattle, Washington, where he took an active part in civic
affairs and was a member of the governing board of the Carnegie
Library, thus gaining a wide practical education with men and affairs.
Dr. Llwyd brings to his platform and pastoral work a fuller and
richer experience than most clergymen possess, as well as the fruits
of culture and wide scholarship. His addresses show him to be a
close student of the various phases of modern religious thought. His
diction is copious and elegant. Strong and graceful in his utterances
and graceful in his personal appearance, he is a winning and effective
orator, while his week day expositions on social and literary sub-
jects are marked by learning, good taste, and felicity in expression.
It is a common belief that ministers who apply themselves closely to
study in their closets, lack activity in pastoral work. With Dr. Llwyd
it is different. All the activities of church work claim his close atten-
tion and the result is, he has built up one of the largest Protestant
Congregations in Canada in All Saints' Cathedral.
4IO HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
He was married in 1886 to Mary Emilie Thomas, daughter of
Mr. W. H. Thomas, formerly of Chippawa, Ontario, by whom he
has five children, three daughters and two sons. One son, Charle-
wood, is a lieutenant in Halifax 63rd Rifles and has gone into active
service at the front.
Dr. Llwyd has taken the degrees of B. D. and D. D. in course
from Trinity College, Toronto. He has also taken special courses
of lectures at the Universities of Oxford and Berlin, and has received
from Kings College, Windsor, Nova Scotia, the honorary Doctorate
of Civil Law.
HAXCE JAMES LOGAX, K. C.
It is sometimes said that lawyers are promoters of strife, dis-
sention and litigation. As a general thing, this is not true of the
profession. They are in fact, in most cases, in the best and truest
sense the peace makers of every community. Compromise and set-
tlement stand out in the advice of a good lawyer. One such is
1 lance James Logan, who is one of the leaders of the bar at Am-
herst, Nova Scotia.
Mr. Logan, who was born at Amherst Point, April 26, 1869, is
a member of an old Cumberland family and the son of James Archi-
bald Logan and wife. He received his education in the Truro
Model School. Pictou Academy, and Dalhousie University, grad-
uating from the last named institution in 1891. He was soon after
admitted to the bar and began the practice of his profession at
Amherst. where he has enjoyed a large clientage and is now the
head of the law firm of Logan, Mackenzie & Smiley. He was made
a King's Counsel in 1910. He has been intimately connected, as a
director and otherwise, with a large number of industrial concerns
and has been very successful in the organization of companies.
Among the latter is the Maritime Coal. Railway & Power Company,
Limited, which is one of the large coal producing companies of this
Province and which also owns the electric light system at Amherst
and supplies power to the different industries of that young city.
Some years ago, after Mr. Logan had consulted in Orange, New
Jersey, with Thomas A. Edison, the great electrician, he was able to
persuade his co-directors of the Maritime Company to build a power
plant at one of its colleries situated about nine miles from Amherst
and use the refuse coal for developing electrical power. When
"Power-from-Colliery" was turned on, at a public function, by the
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA 411
Governor of the Province, to supply the industries of Amherst with
electrical energy, Air. Logan received a telegram of congratulation
from Mr. Edison "on the inauguration of the first power plant on
the American continent for the generation of electricity at the mouth
of a coal mine and the distribution of the same to distant commer-
cial centres. It is a bold attempt and I never thought it would be
first accomplished in Nova Scotia where my father was born over
one hundred years ago." Since that time "Power-from-Colliery"
has been the watch-word which has attracted many industries to
Amherst and vicinity and has very materially helped to develop a
town into a city. This, plant today, not only turns the wheels of
industrial concerns, but also supplies light to Amherst and other
places and the coal in the big colliery of the Maritime Company at
the Joggins mines is being cut three thousand feet under ground by
coal cutters operated by this electric power developed from mine
refuse at another colliery fifteen miles distant.
Mr. Logan has traveled extensively and was present, by invita-
tion, at the coronation in Westminister Abbey of King Edward and
Queen Alexandra in 1902 and has been presented to King George
the Fifth.
Politically, Mr. Logan is a Liberal. He was elected in 1896,
being the first Liberal elected to the House of Commons from Cum-
berland County, so long represented by the late Sir Charles Tupper,
Bart. He was re-elected in 1900 and 1904. his majority in the lat-
ter year being over seven hundred. Owing to complicated ear trou-
bles ( from which he has now recovered ) he was forced to retire
from Parliament in 1908. His record as a legislator is one of which
his constituents and friends may well be proud. After being in
Parliament for a few years he was made assistant to the "Chief
Government Whip." and from 1904 to 1908 was chairman of the
Standing Committee on Privileges and Elections. He was offered
a senatorship in 1911. Mr. Logan was married in 1891 to Eleanor
Louise Kinder, who died very suddenly during one of his political
speaking tours in Western Canada. He has been spoken of by the
Montreal Gazette and Toronto News as "a man of courtesy and
tact, who in the House always exhibited a good grasp on his sub-
ject" and as "popular on all sides." His services as a public plat-
form speaker have been in demand all over Canada and during the
first year of the European war he was called upon to deliver over
fortv addresses, to large audiences, on behalf of recruiting.
412 HrSTOKY OK NOVA SCOTIA.
SIR MALACHY BOWES DALY.
That country is the greatest which produces the greatest and
most manly men, and her intrinsic safety depends not so much upon
methods and measures as upon that true manhood from whose
deep sources all that is precious and permanent in life must at last
proceed. Such a result may not be conscientiously contemplated by
the individuals instrumental in the production of a country; pursu-
ing each his personal good by exalted means, they work out this as
a logical result ; they have wrought on the lines of the greatest
good. Sir Maiachy Bowes Daly, the venerable administrator and
popular public servant, who has long ranked among the leading men
of Xova Scotia, is such an individual as referred to in the preceding
lines, for his career has been of inestimable benefit to his country.
Our subject was born February 6, 1836, at Marchmont, Province
of Quebec, and is a son of the late Sir Dominick Daly, a native of
County Gal\\ay, Ireland, and Caroline Maria, a daughter of Col.
Ralph Gore, of Barrow Mount, County Kilkenny, Ireland. These
parents grew up in their native land and in an early day immigrated
to the Xew World, the father becoming prominent in the public affairs
of Canada in the early days; afterwards a distinguished governor
and administrator of the Imperial service.
Maiachy B. Daly received his education in St. Mary's College,
Oscott, England. In July. 1859. he married Joanna Kenny, a daugh-
ter of the late Sir E. Kenny, of Halifax, Xova Scotia. Her death
occurred in May, 1908.
Hon. Sir Dominick Daly, mentioned above, was the third son of
Dominick Daly, Esquire, and his mother was a sister of the first
Lord Wallscourt and brother of Maiachy Daly. Esquire, a banker
of Paris, France. He was born in Gal way, Ireland, 1798, married
in 1826, the second daughter of Col. Ralph Gore, of Barrow Mount,
County Kilkenny, Ireland. He studied law, passed the usual exam-
ination and was called to the bar, but did not practice for any length
of time. He first came to Canada as secretary to one of the gov-
ernors and resided in Quebec. He subsequently became provincial
for Lower Canada and at the Union was appointed provincial
secretary of Canada, and also a member of the Board of Works,
with a seat in the Council. The latter he held until 1846, but the
former he continued to hold, taking an active and prominent part
in all the most important affairs of the day until 1848, when he
vacated that post, still continuing a member of Parliament for the
11ISTOKV OF NOVA SCOTIA 41,3
County of Megantic, for which constituency he sat during the first
three Parliaments; he then went to England, after having been in
the public service of Canada for a period of twenty-rive years.
Afterwards he held some important commissions from the home
government, and was appointed lieutenant-governor of Prince Ed-
ward Island, a post he held for live years. Pie was knighted during
this incumbency and was later appointed to the governorship of
South Australia, where he died in 1863.
Kaye, in his life of Lord Metcall, gives the following: "Dom-
inick Daly was the secreary of state or provincitl secretary of Lower
Canada. He was also an Irishman, and a Roman Catholic, but al-
though for the latter reason his supporters were strongly with the
French people, or had been, so long as they were opposed by the
dominant race, his feelings, the growth of education and early asso-
ciation, were of a conservative and aristocratic cast. All Metcalf's
informants represented him to be a man of high honor and integrity,
of polished manners and courteous address a good specimen of an
Irish gentleman. It was added that lie was possessed of judgment
and prudence, tact and discretion; in short, a man to be trusted."
He was one of the leading public men of his day and generation in
Canada.
Malachy B. Daly studied law and was admitted to practice in
1864, and soon became one of the successful barristers of Halifax.
He was successively private secretary to his father, Sir R. G. Mac-
donnell. Lt.-Gen. Sir Hastings Doyle, and Gen. Sir 'VV. F. Williams,
of Kars. He represented Halifax in the House of Commons from
1878 to 1887. and the first deputy speaker of the House from 1882
to 1886. He was lieutenant-governor of Xova Scotia from 1890
to 1900, getting a second term. He was presented with a hand-
some testimonial, and his wife a diamond star, by citizens of Hali-
fax, on vacating office. The honorable distinction of Knight-Com-
mander of the Order of St. Michael and St. George was conferred
upon him in 1900. He is a director of the School for the Blind,
and of the School for the Deaf, vice-president of the Canadian Pat-
riotic Fund, and Halifax Branch of the American Archaeological
Institute; vice-chairman of the local branch of the British Navy
League, and president of St. Vincent de Paul Society. He is hon-
orary president of the Halifax branch of the British Empire League.
Religiously, he is a Roman Catholic. He moved a resolution, at a
meeting of his co-religionists, held in Halifax, in January, 1902,
414 H1STOKY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
/
"protesting emphatically against the insult offered to their dearest
religious convictions in the declaration in the oath of accession."
He has been a noted cricketer, and was first to make a century in
Canada, in 1858. He is a member of the Halifax Club.
RUFUS SEAMAN CARTER.
Wise farmers of Xova Scotia are now planning their crops with
safety first in mind. In years past they have had impressed upon
them the fact that the certain and regular production of feed, every
year must be the foundation of a safe system of farming. Very
few are now staking their all on one feed crop, and still fewer are
placing their entire dependence on some cash crop, expecting to buy
their feed. Some have depended solely upon their orchards, but
late frosts, freezes, insect pests and other things makes some years
parital or total failures of the apple crop. This handicaps the far-
mer unless he has other crops on which to depend. One of the
agriculturists of Cumberland County who has been thoughtful
enough to provide against the exigency of a one crop failure is
Rufus Seaman Carter, of Maccan, who is engaged in diversified
farming.
Air. Carter was born in the vicinity where he still resides, March
31, 1866. He is a son of William Dobson Carter and Elizabeth
Ann (Reed) Carter. The father was born at Westmoreland Point,
Xew Brunswick, where he spent his life on a farm, and died in May,
1885; the mother was born at Nappan, Cumberland County, and
died in June, 1900. They grew up in their native locality, attended
school there and were married.
Rufus S. Carter grew to manhood on the home farm where he
worked when a boy, and he received his education in the public
schools of his community. He followed the sea for a time, his two
brothers, Amos and Blair Carter, being sea captains. After the
death of his father he returned to the farm and has continued as a
general farmer ever since in Cumberland County near Maccan.
Besides farming he has carried on extensive lumbering operations
for years, shipping to United States and Great Britain.
Mr. Carter is a military man. He was graduated from the
Military College at Fredericton, New Brunswick, in 1893. He holds
a first-class Infantry certificate. He enlisted in the Ninety-third
Regiment in 1887 as a private, and retired with the rank of captain
in 1911. For fifteen years he was a representative of the Nova
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA 415
Scotia Rifle Team to the Dominion contests at Ottawa. He was a
member of the Canadian Bisly Rifle Team in 1897 and attended the
diamond jubilee of the late Queen Victoria. He is an expert shot,
and is a capable army officer. He is a member of the Maccan
Curling Club, and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Politi-
cally, he is a Liberal. He was elected to the Municipal Council in
1907, and was re-elected in 1910. He served as commissioner to
the Maritime Winter Fair for three years from 1907 to 1910. He
was elected from Cumberland County to the Nova Scotia Legisla-
ture June 14, 1911. He is an able debater and as a platform speaker
has few superiors. He has discharged his duties in all positions of
public trust in an able and efficient manner. He belongs to the
Anglican Church.
Mr. Carter was married October 31, 1894, to Ella Mabel Morris,
a daughter of Capt. George A. Morris and wife, of Advocate Har-
bour, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia. To this union eight chil-
dren have been born, namely: George Irving, Benjamin Purdy,
Rufus Whitney, Harry Morris, Oscar Courtney Harris, Clara Jean,
Ella Marjorie and Minnie Aulclah.
SIR CHARLES JAMES TOWNSHEND.
By a few general remarks the biographer hopes to convey in the
following paragraphs, succinctly and yet without fulsome encomium,
some idea of the high standing, useful career and genuine worth of
Sir Charles James Townshend, ex-Chief Justice of Nova Scotia,
who is now making his home at W r olfville. He is universally re-
garded as one of the most representative citizens of the Province
and one of the greatest public benefactors of the same. Those who
know him best will readily acquiesce in the statement that many
elements of a solid and practical nature are united in his composi-
tion and which, during a series of years, have brought him into
prominent notice at least throughout the eastern portion of the
Dominion, his life and achievements earning for him a conspicuous
place among his compeers.
The gentleman whose name forms the caption of this review
was born at Amherst, Nova Scotia, March 22, 1844. He is a son
of the late Rev. Canon T. and Elizabeth (Stewart) Townshend.
The father was for many years rector of Christ Church, Anglican,
at Amherst, and was a pulpit orator of ability and a man of sterling
characteristics. Young Townshend was educated at the Collegiate
416 HISTOKY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
School, Windom, from whence he matriculated into King's College,
and graduated from that institution in 1863, with the degree of
Bachelor of Arts. In 1872 he took the degree of B. C. L. in one
course and the degree of D. C. L. in 1908, was an honorary distinc-
tion conferred on him by the university of which he has been chan-
cellor for many years. ,
On April 18, 1867, he was married to Laura Kinnear, fourth
daughter of the late J. D. Kinnear. Her death occurred March 17,
1884, and in 1887 he was united in marriage with Margaret Mac-
Farlane, a daughter of John MacFarlane, and granddaughter of
Hon. Daniel MacFarlane, for some time a member of the Legisla-
tive Council of this Province.
After serving four years in the office of the Hon. Senator Dickey
of Amherst and afterwards in the office of Hon. S. L. Sherman of
Halifax, he was admitted to the bar in March, 1866, and he forged
to the front ranks in his profession in a comparatively short time,
enjoying an extensive and lucrative practice; in fact, has ranked as
one of the brilliant legal lights of the Province for more than two
score years. Always a profound student, especially of all phases of
jurisprudence, he has kept fully abreast of the times and is known
to his friends and acquaintances as a scholar and deep and original
investigator. As a lawyer his course has been marked by painstak-
ing, careful and conscientious effort, and he is a forceful, logical
and. not infrequently, an eloquent speaker before juries, the bench
or on the stump. He was made King's Counsel (M. Lome, 1881) ;
and for some time he was a member of the law faculty in King's
College. During his earlier years of practice he maintained an office
at Amherst. He was appointed a puisne judge, S. C., N. S., March
4, 1887. On Novemeber 2, 1907, he was elevated to the Chief
Justiceship of Nova Scotia, the duties of which responsible office
he continued to ably and satisfactorily discharge until his retirement
in April, 1915. He was made administrator of the government of
Nova Scotia in January, 1909. He was knighted by His Majesty
King George in 1911. He unsuccessfully contested Cumberland
(Local) Conservative interest at the general election in 1874. He
sat for Cumberland (Local), from 1878 to 1884, and held the same
seat (H. C.) from 1884 to 1887. He was a member of the Provin-
cial Government from 1878 to 1882. He, with Lady Townshend,
was invited and present at the opening of the Colonial Conference,
Guild Hall, London, England, in April, 1907. He was the principal
Golf Links.
St. John's Church.
Government College and Barns.
SCENES IX TRURO.
Privincial Normal School
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA 417
speaker at the celebration of 'the one hundred and fiftieth anniver-
sary of the establishment of responsible government in Nova Scotia
in 1908. His gifts as a writer are sound and good and he is the
author of several literary papers, including the life of the Hon.
Alexander Stewart, Master of the Rolls, Nova Scotia, a biographi-
cal sketch of Chief Justice Belcher, and Judge Bishop, and a "His-
tory of the Courts of Judicature in the Province of Nova Scotia.'.'
He was elected president of the local branch of the British Empire
League in 1911. Religiously, he is an Anglican, and was a delegate
to the Synods for many years. He is a member of the Halifax
Club. His well-known residence, "Rayn Lawn," in \Volfville, with
its shrubbery and orchard, occupies his leisure time.
The late Chief Justice, Sir Hy. Strong, said of him: "His de-
cisions are characterized by lucidity and sound reasoning." And
one of the leading newspapers of Nova Scotia has this just com-
ment to make: "A just judge: no higher tribute could be paid to
the holder of the judicial office."
JOHN JAMES ERASER.
One of the successful business men of New Glasgow, 1'ictou
County, is John James Eraser, who, by his industry, tact and square
dealings has built up an excellent drug business. He is a man given
to right thinking and who believes in helping those with whom he
comes in contact on the highway of life. He is known as a good
citizen in every respect.
Mr. Eraser was born at Sutherland's River, 1'ictoti Countv, in
May, 1878, and is a son of James Hector Eraser, who was born at
Brookville or McLellan's Brook, Pictou County, and now resides
in Thorburn, at the advanced age of eighty-seven years, and is
enjoying good health. His wife, Anna Belle Eraser, was born at
Wentworth Grant. Pictou County ; she, too, is still living and is in
good health. The grandfather of our subject, Hector Eraser, was
a native of Scotland. The latter's father, Alexander Eraser, was
born at Inverness, Scotland, from which country he immigrated to
Nova Scotia about the year 1800, with his family, and located at
McLellan's Brook, Pictou County. He had a large family of sons.
He resided there until his death, in 1830. His youngest son, Hec-
tor, was the grandfather of our subject. Other sons drifted to
various parts of the Province, where they settled, some going to
(27)
4l8 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
1'ort Philip, Cumberland County. Grandfather Fraser bought a
farm at Sutherland's River in 1838 and continued farming there
the rest of his life, his death occurring in 1880, at the age of eighty-
two years. The father of our subject continued to reside on the
Sutherland's River farm until 1911, in which year he removed to
Thorburn, Pictou County.
John J. Fraser is the youngest living child of a family of twelve
children. After his school days he entered the employ of A. C.
Bell & Company, druggists of New Glasgow, continuing in their
employ three years, when he removed to Maiden, Massachusetts,
in which place he spent three years, following his profession as
druggist, then returned to Xova Scotia and opened a drug business
at Thorhurn, 1'ictou County, where he spent two years, then formed
a partnership with Arthur Carew in New Glasgow, continuing the
business under the firm name of Carew & Fraser. In 1912 Mr.
Carew died and our subject took over his interest, since which time
he has conducted the business alone, but retains the firm name.
Mr. Fraser was married in June, 1906, to Frances Weir, of
I'ine Tree, Pictou County, a daughter of John Weir and wife. To
this union the following 'children have been born : Hector, Mitchell
and Adelaide.
Fraternally, Mr. Fraser is a member of the Independent Order
of Odd Fellows, and he is a master Mason.
JOHN H. CHRISTIE.
The late John H. Christie, of North Sydney, Nova Scotia, was
barn in Glasgow, Scotland, November 20, 1835, and died October 4,
1902. He came to Little Bras d'Or, Nova Scotia, with his parents,
when four years old. His father, John Christie, was associated in
business with the late William Gammell, also a native of Glasgow,
Scotland. The firm carried on a large mercantile business for a
period of twenty-five years. They were pioneer merchants of their
time. Their extensive trade covered Cape Breton Island and New-
foundland. Having accumulated much wealth, they retired, leaving
the business to John H. Christie in 1861, who successfully carried
on the business until his death. During his long career as merchant
and man of affairs he built numerous ships, and for a period of over
forty years was postmaster of the district.
John H. Christie married Eliza Bauld, a daughter of the late
William Bauld, of Halifax, and to this union six sons were born,
HISTORY OF NOVA bCO'ilA 419
namely: William, Edwin, Henry, Lowrey, John and Robert; also
two daughters. Airs. C. N. S. Strickland, of Halifax, and Mrs. D. R.
Street, of Ottawa. Mrs. Christie and family are all living.
Religiously, John H. Christie \vas a Presbyterian. He was a
life-long Liberal. He was a prominent Royal Arch Mason. He was
for some time a major in Cape Breton Militia, and was county
councillor for a number of years.
JOHN UK, SOX.
"I didn't begin by asking, I took the job and stuck;
And I took the chance they wouldn't and now they call it Iuck.' r
Thus wrote Rudyard Kipling of a man who won success by
refusing to permit discouraging circumstances to down him. The
poet might just as well have had in mind John Higson, mine super-
intendent of the Acadia Coal Company at Stellarton, Pictou County,
for he came up from the ranks of miners, pushing his way up by
his own unaided efforts until now he holds a responsible position.
Mr. Higson was born at Bolton, Lancashire, England, and is a
son of James and Alice (Crompton) Higson, both natives of that
place also, where they grew up, were married and established their
home. They were of old English stock. The father of our sub-
ject was engaged in mining in the Lancashire district. His family
consisted of six children, John being the fifth in order of birth.
Our subject was reared in his native land and he had little op-
portunity to obtain an education. He went to work in the coal
mines at an early age, working a half day in the mines, spending
the other half in school, as was the custom in that district at that
time. He remained there until 1879, when he came to the United
States, engaging in coal mining in the Monongahela district, Penn-
sylvania, continuing as a practical miner there for seven years, then
was made mine foreman, which position he held three years, then
returned to England and took up mining again in his native com-
munity, but, not finding conditions to his liking, he quit work after
three days and went to Fifeshire, Scotland, where he found it more
congenial and remained there two and one-half years, when he again
went to the United States, resuming work in the Youghiogheny dis-
trict of Pennsylvania, where he remained until he received an offer
from the Acadia Coal Company of Stellarton, Nova Scotia, to take
the position of mine superintendent there. He arrived at the mines
42O HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
April 28, 1901, and has continued to discharge the duties of this
responsible position ever since, his long retention being evidence of
his faithful, honest and able work. He has charge of the Albion
and MacGregor shafts, having a large number of men under his
management. Two new seams were located here the latter part of
1915, one of twenty-one feet depth, the other of seven feet depth,
which insures an additional fifty years' life to those mines. Mr.
Higson is a most capable and experienced miner and has the con-
fidence and respect of those working with him as well as_ the man-
agement. During the time he was in Scotland he first commenced
the study of mining and before leaving there he obtained a sertificate
for "Under Ground Manager" for the District of West Scotland.
He was married in February, 1884, in Pennsylvania, to Jessie
R. Henderson, a native of Fifeshire, Scotland, and a daughter of
Philip Henderson, of that place, who was a practical miner. He
had removed from his native laud with his family to Pennsylvania.
To Mr. Higson and wife thirteen children have been born, two
sons dying in infancy, the others being named as follows: James,
a machinist, is employed by the Albion Shell Company at Stellar-
ton; Alice is the wife of George McLauchlin, of Stellarton; Philip,
a machinist, is employed at Monessen. Pennsylvania, U. S. A. ;
Mary Ann died shortly after completing her education; Robina is
at home; Chrystle is at home: Jessie is now a student in Dalhousie
University, Halifax: Tohn. Louie. Ruth and Reginald are all at-
tending school in Stellarton.
JOHN EDWTX MACDONALD.
It is not everyone who can make a success of the real-estate
and insurance business. Those who enter this line of endeavor
should study themselves carefully, and be influenced rather by sound
reason than by impulse. If he has a mind capable of grasping sit- .
uations quickly and accurately, if he likes the work better than nay-
thing else, and if he is willing to be uniformly congenial and honest,
then he may enter the real estate and insurance field as his serious
occupation. John Edwin Macdonald, of New Glasgow, Nova Sco-
tia, has shown himself to be a capable real estate and insurance
man in every respect, well suited by nature for the work which he
has chosen.
Mr. Macdonald was born at Hopewell, Pictou County, June 4.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA 421
1869, and is a son of Alexander and Annie (Fraser) Macdonald.
The father was born at Hopewell and the mother at Lome, Pictou
County, and here they grew up, were married and established their
home. William Fraser, the maternal grandfather, was known as
Deacon Fraser. William Alacdonald, the paternal grandfather, was
probably born in Scotland, and his father came to Nova Scotia
about one hundred years ago, bringing his family, it is believed,
from Scotland. Here he took up land and followed farming; his
son, grandfather of our subject, continued to live on the homestead
until his death, at the age of eighty- four years. The father of our
subject finally located at Westville, where he became boss black-
smith for the Acadia Coal Company for a number of years, then
removed to Annapolis County, where he contracted on the Xictau
& Atlantic railroad during its construction, later went to British
Columbia, where his death occurred by accident at the age of sixty-
five years.
John E. Macdonald was the youngest of a family of two sons.
He spent his boyhood in Westville, where he remained after his
father removed to British Columbia, making his home with his
grandparents. After attending the public schools he engaged in
clerking with John AlcDougall (now Commissioner of Ci:stor...; at
Ottawa ) at Westville, where he remained until he came to X'ew
Glasgow and became bookkeeper for Thompson-Sutherland, Lim-
ited, with which firm lie continued for three years, then opened up
a bicycle business on his own account. This was in the days of the
bicycle vogue, and he had a good trade. Then he turned his atten-
tion to fire insurance, which he still carries on in connection with
the read estate business, representing many of the leading fire insur-
ance companies of Canada, which has a combined capital of fifty
million dollars. He employs a number of sub-agents and his prin-
cipal business is through his own individual work. ?Phe insurance
placed by him now amounts to several millions of dollars. As a
real estate dealer he was one of the promoters of the Egerton Build-
ing Company, Limited. During the past five years this company
has built some fifty houses in New Glasgow and Trenton and still
own over one hundred lots. He also represents the Reid-Newfound-
land Company, Limited, of St. John's, Newfoundland, which firm
owns valuable real estate in New Glasgow. Mr. MacdonaJd has
done a large loan business for the Canada Mortgage Company,
which he has represented in New Glasgow for the past twenty years.
422 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
In addition to this he has placed many private loans, and he has
been successful in his private real estate investments.
Mr. Macdonald was married September n, 1901, to Jessie Mabel
Douglas, of Xe\v Glasgow, a daughter of George Douglas, a dry-
goods dealer of Xew Glasgow. To our subject and wife three chil-
dren have been born, named as follows : Douglas Fraser, Edwin
Stewart and Hazel Marshall.
Fraternally, Mr. Macdonald is a member of the Masonic Order,
a Knights Templar, rind a member of the Ancient Arabic Order of
Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. He is now junior warden of Albion
Lodge, Xo. 5, at Xew Glasgow, Independent Order of Odd Fel-
lows, also belongs to the Encampment, and to the Knights of
Pythias.
JAMES ROY.
James Roy, town clerk of Xew Glasgow, Pictou County, hails
from Scotland. This fact may not have much significance to some
who peruse this biography, but maybe if he had not had in his
veins the blood of the sterling people of "ancient Caledon" and had
not been reared in accordance with their commendable rules he
would not have succeeded in overcoming the obstacles that have
beset his pathway. True it is that the Scotch who have settled in
Xova Scotia (another name for Xew Scotland), have all been good
citizens, so there must be something after all in the place where we
happen to be born.
Mr. Roy was born near Glasgow, Scotland, and is a son of John
and Fannie (Brown) Roy, both natives of the same locality, and
who immigrated to Xova Scotia and located at Albion Mines, now
Stellarton, Pictou County, and engaged in mining. The death of
the father occurred at the age of seventy-five years at Westville.
The subject of our sketch passed his Ixwhood in Stellarton. where
he attended public schools, then went to high school at Xew Glas-
gow. When a Iwy he began learning the machinist's trade at West-
ville, at which he worked for several years, then went to Boston,
Massachusetts, and entered the employ of The Hinckley & Williams
Locomotive Works. Later he took up civil and marine negineering,
in which he made considerable progress, then worked awhile as a
marine engineer, finally returning to Westville. Pictou County, Xova
Scotia. Here he took up civil negineering. and was appointed a
justice of the peace, thus combining engineering and magesterial
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 423
work. In 1887 he was appointed stipendiary magistrate; town of
New Glasgow, which he combined with his other duties, and in
March, 1898, was made town clerk, and is still incumbent of this
office. For a few years he continued his work as civil engineer.
Mr. Roy was married to Mary Powell, of Little Harbor, Pictou
County, a daughter of Nathaniel Powell, one of the early settlers of
that locality.
To Mr. and Mrs. Roy the following children have been born :
Blanche, now Mrs. Berclay Fraser, of Xew Glasgow; J. J. is a prac-
ticing physician of Sydney, Cape Breton; Harriet is the wife of
Professor W. H. Hepburn, of Purdue University, at Lafayette, In-
diana; Fannie B. is the ,wife of Hugh Macdonald, a barrister of
Broadview, Saskatchewan; Elizabeth died in 1910; Jessie is the wife
of H. H. Marshall, of Halifax: Mary is teaching music in Xew
Glasgow; Lycle is also teaching in New Glasgow; Amie is assisting
her father in the clerk's office; Louise is at home.
During earlier years as town clerk. Mr. Roy also performed the
duties of town engineer. He is a member of the Xova Scotia So-
ciety of Engineers. He is a member of the Masonic Order, in which
he is a past master. He is an elder in the United Presbyterian
Church, in which he and his wife and family hold membership. He
is a capable official and has the confidence and respect of the citi-
zens of his home town.
GEORGE HEXRY ILLSLEY.
When the Illsley family cast their lot in Kings County, Nova
Scotia, they found a wild, sparsely settled community, and they
endured the usual privations of pioneers, but being possessed of
those qualities which turn adversity into success, they bore with
brave hearts the vicissitudes of the early days and in due course of
time became well established. A creditable representative of this
old family is George H. Illsley, who, for many years has been
engaged in business in Port William.
Mr. Illsley was born at Welsford. Kings County, November 4,
1854, and is a son of James and Eunice (Pearson) Illsley, both
natives of Kings County also, the father having been born at North
Mountain, and the mother at Brooklyn Street. Our subject is a
descendant of United Empire Loyalist stock, the progenitor of the
family in this Province having immigrated here about the time of
the American Revolutionary War , and received a grant of land in
424 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Kings County, which he developed and on which the future home
of the family was established. The Illsleys have always engaged
in agricultural pursuits, for the most part. The father of our sub-
ject lived to be eighty-six years old, dying in 1875. ^' s family
consisted of four children, George H., of this sketch having been
third in order of birth.
He spent his boyhood days on the old home farm, where he
worked during the summer months, and in the winter time attended
the public schools in his neighborhood. When twenty-one years of
age he engaged in clerking for J. B. Chute at Berwick, the firm
being Chipman & Chute. He had natural ability in this field of
endeavor and his rise was rapid; he finally became a partner in the
firm, the name being changed to Chipman, Chute & Illsley. After
continuing a few years, when, owing to the failing health of one of
the members of the firm, the business was discontinued, after which
our subject went to Port Williams and entered the employ of W. H.
Chase & Company, for which he clerked until 1887, when he be-
came a partner and another clerk, J. W. Harvey, joining him in pur-
chasing the business of the W. H. Chase & Company, taking over
the grocery department, also the hardware, crockery, etc., the old
firm retaining the dry goods business, which was continued under
the firm name of Chase, Campbell & Company. These concerns
were amalgamated under a joint company in March, 1908, and Mi,
Harvey became active manager of the new firm; Chase, Campbell
& Company retired from active connection with the same. The
business has been very successful under the able management of our
subject and a large and well-selected stock is carried at all seasons.
Their location is particularly advantageous, being at the head of
deep water navigation and in a prosperous settlement. The firm is
now the Illsley, Harvey Company, Limited. Our subject has re-
cently retired from this firm, and he has been associated in the buy-
ing and shipping produce to Europe, New England and the West,
doing an extensive and successful business, in connection with W.
H. Chase & Company.
Mr. Illsley was married on October i, 1879, to Alma Masters, a
daughter of the late Dr. H. C. Masters, one of the popular physi-
cians of the "old school.' 1 To this union the following children have
been born : Kisboro is now the wife of J. S. Hales, of Penticton,
British Columbia, where he is chief collector of customs; James
Kenneth, who is now a commercial traveler for A. M. Bell & Com-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA
425
pany, of Halifax; Dorothy is now a student in the Ladies Seminary
at Wolfville.
Politically, Air. Illsley is a Liberal, but he has never been very
active in public affairs. Fie affiliates with the Baptist church.
CHARLES ALEXANDER CAMPBELL.
One of our great writers has said that the human race is divided
ino two classes those that go ahead and do something and those
who sit and inquire, "Why wasn't it done the other way.'' A re-
view of the history of the Campbell family of Kings County shows
that they have ever been of the former class, and therefore have not
only attained a large measure of material success, but have con-
ributed to the general development of the localities where they have
made their homes. One of the creditable representatives of this
family of the present generation is Charles Alexander Campbell, a
retired merchant of Port Williams.
Mr. Campbell was born at New Glasgow, Pictou County, in
October, 1857, and is a son of Alexander and Ann (Dexter) Camp-
bell, the former a native of Mil ford, Xew Hampshire, and the lat-
ter of Antigonish, this Province. Grandfather Dexter was one
of the early settlers in Xova Scotia. After the expulsion of the
Acadians, he rode on horseback from Lunenburg to Antigonish,
taking his wife with him, who also made the long journey on horse-
back, and they established their future home at Antigonish. Grand-
father Campbell was a captain in the British army. The complete
records were owned by his daughter, Mrs. Putnam Smith, and were
unfortunately destroyed by fire. He was a Loyalist and he received
a large grant of land in Antigonish County, which is still known as
the "Yankee grant." He lived to an advanced age. He was a
gentleman of the old school and of sterling worth. The father of
our subject engaged in business, and with the exception of two
years which he spent in Xew Glasgow, he lived in Antigonish all his
life, where he conducted a general store. He was a member of the
Presbyterian church, and was married by Rev. Thomas Trelter, one
of the noted pioneer Presbyterian preachers. The death of Alexan-
der Campbell occurred in 1883. at the age of eighty-seven years,
and his widow died in 1895, at the age of eighty-nine years.
Charles A. Campbell spent his boyhood in Antigonish and first
attended private schools, then the public schools. In 1878 he left
home with the intention of going to the Northwest, but stopped at
426 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Port Williams, Kings County, where he secured a position as clerk
in the general store of W. H. Chase & Company. His rise was
rapid, for he had decided natural ability in this line, and he event-
ually became a partner in the firm, the name being changed to Chase,
Campbell & Company, which continued until 1887, when they dis-
posed of the grocery, hardware and crockery departments to Illsley
& Harvey, two men who had been in the company's employ for a
number of years. The old company retained the dry goods branch
of the business, which was conducted by the original owners until
1908, when the two above named firms were amalgamated as the
Illsley, Harvey Company, Limited, at which time Mr. Campbell
withdrew from the active management of the business, but he has
continued to reside in Port Williams. He confined himself exclu-
sively, during his active career, to the mercantile business in which
he was very successful.
Mr. Campbell was married on September 29, 1886, to Emma M.
Welton. of Kings County, a (laughter of Allan Welton and wife.
To this union one child was born, Mildred, now the wife of D. E.
Hoag.
Politically, our subject is a Literal. Religiously, he telongs to
the Presbyterian church. He has served as school trustee. For a
number of years he served as a member of the municipal council,
and was elected to the Provincial Parliament in 1905, serving four
years in that capacity. As a public official he discharged his duty
very ably and acceptably. Flis wife is a member of the Baptist
church. He has been actively interested in all temperance reforms,
being a member of the Kings County Temperance Alliance and also
the Provincial Alliance.
LESLIE RAYMOND FAIRN.
It is interesting to note the development of taste in the matter
of methods of building dwelling places for the human race. At
first caves were found quite sufficient for our needs ; they protected
us from the elements, wild beasts and our enemies ; then followed
crude huts of sod, bamboo and grasses, later log cabins and primi-
tive stone structures, and finally houses of various designs of boards,
brick, stone and cement. As the wants and tastes of people differed
widely the profession of architecture took its place in the list of
vocations, and it has grown to be one of the most important of the
so-called "fine arts."
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 427
One of the most promising of Nova Scotia's younger architects
is Leslie Raymond Fairn, of Aylesford, Kings County. He was
born June 26, 1875, and is a son of W. H. and Laura (Lyons)
Fairn, the father a native of Annapolis County and the mother of
Kings County, being a daughter of Robert Lyons, of Waterville.
The grandfather was Fdward Fairn and the great-grandfather was
William Fairn. Calnek's "History of Annapolis County" gives a
record of this old family, which was originally of Scotch stock. In
1783 Benjamin Fairn, the great-great-grandfather, came to Xova
Scotia and took up fanning. Fach lived to an advanced age. \Y.
H. Fairn, father of our subject, was a school teacher and died at
the early age of thirty-eight years, leaving a family of three chil-
dren, Leslie R. being the eldest.
In the early years of Air. Fairn's practice as architect he held
the position of principal of the drawing and manual training de-
partments in connection with Acadia University at Wolfville, spend-
ing five years there. In 1904 he located in Aylesford, where he has
since maintained his headquarters, lie is most practical in his pro-
fession and has taken a position in the front rank of architects of
this Province. His business extends from St. Stephen, Xew Bruns-
wick, to Sydney, Cape Breton. Many of the better residences in
Wolfville, Truro, Kentville, Middleton, Annapolis and Digbv were
designed by him. Among some of the more important buildings he
has designed might be mentioned the Academy at Campbellton, Xew
Brunswick, Sussex high school, residence of G. W. Ganong at St.
Stephen, the Xewcastle court house, and the Richibucto high school
in Xew Brunswick, and man}- others of less importance in that
Province; and in Xova Scotia the General Hospital at Glace Bay,
Civic Flospital at Sydney, high school at Xew Glasgow, Truro city
hall. Digby and Kings Counties court houses and jails, Amherst
West high school, and he was the architect of the MacDonald Con-
solidated schools in Prince Edward Island and Xova Scotia.
Mr. Fairn was married September 28, 1897, to Bessie Maude
Tupper, of Bridgetown, Nova Scotia, a daughter of William and
Alice (Mills) Tupper, and a grand-daughter of Miner Tupper and
John Mills, two of Annapolis County's oldest families. To our
subject and wife two children have been born, namely: Alice Pau-
line, who is now attending the Seminary for Young Ladies at
Wolfville, and Evelyn Ardath Patricia.
Fraternally, Mr. Fairn is a Master Mason. He is a great lover
428 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
of nature and likes outdoor recreation and is especially interested in
forestry. He has a large tract of wild land near Albany, Annapolis
County, on which he has erected a lodge, where he usually spends
the months of October and November. He has a fine collection of
birds, heads of animals, etc., his trophies of the chase.
WILLIAM CECIL HARRIS, M. D.
When Dr. William Cecil Harris, of Berwick, Kings County,
decided to take up the medical profession he did so well knowing
that if he attained success he would have to work hard, and so he
has been a close student ever since. When not attending to his pro-
fessional duties he will always be found reading medicine, scientific
works embracing the latest discoveries of the world's specialists on
all that relates not only to his profession but to the problem of life
in its various aspects.
Dr. Harris was born at Sheffield's Mills, Kings County, May
24, 1875, and is a son of William Leander and Tabitha Jane
(Weaver) Harris, the latter a daughter of Philip and Tabitha
(Borden) Weaver. Both the father and grandfather Steven Har-
ris were natives of the vicinity in which our subject was born, the
great-grandfather, who was a United Empire Loyalist, came to
Kings County from the United States about the period of the Revo-
lutionary War, received a large grant of land where Sheffield's
Mills now stand and there established the future home of the fam-
ily. Steven Harris was a carpenter and contractor and built many
of the earliest houses in that district, some still standing, which can
be picked out by the double front room, a favorite style in those
days. One of his brothers was a farmer, in fact, all the older
members of the Harris family owned farms. William L. Harris,
the Doctor's father, learned the carpenter's trade under his father
and continued carpentering and contracting, finally starting a sash
and door factory at Sheffield's Mills, the only plant of its kind in
Kings County. He is still living and enjoys good health, although
in his eightieth year. His wife is also living, and they have been mar-
ried fifty-six years. He has always taken a deep interest in the
general welfare of the community. His family consists of four sons
and one daughter.
Dr. Harris grew up in his native community and received his
early education in the public schools there, then entered Dalhousie
University, graduating from the medical department in 1902. He
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA 429
soon began the practice of his profession in Canning, Kings County,
in partnership with Dr. John Miller, but later went to Digby County,
where he practiced with success for a period of twelve years. He
had planned to go to the Canadian Northwest when the present
European war came on, which caused him to change his plans and
he located in Berwick, his native county, instead, and here he has
built up a large and rapidly-growing practice, having relieved Dr.
W. F. M. McKinnon, who is now serving as surgeon-major
with the Canadian contingent at the front, under Colonel Sir F. S.
L. Ford.
Dr. Harris was married December 16, 1903. to Anna Margaret
Perry, a daughter of Capt. Thomas Perry, who was a master mar-
iner in early life, but later began ship building, in which he was
very successful. The following children have been born to the
Doctor and wife: Karl Belfour Bentley Harris is attending school;
Herman Leander Harris is the youngest.
Fraternally, Dr. Harris belongs to the Masonic Order, being
past district deputy grand master; he is a member of the Royal
Arch Masons ; also the Independent Order of Foresters, and the
Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He belongs to the Valley
Medical Association and the Maritime Medical Society.
REV. ALPHOXSUS RICHARD DOXAHOE, PH. D., D. C. L.
One of the most promising of the younger ministers of the gos-
pel in Xova Scotia is Rev. Alphonsus Donahoe, of Kentville. As
a result of his training, his application, his industry and the liber
of his mind, he is necessarily a pulpit orator of no mean ability, is
logical, never aiming at brilliancy, or aspiring to be ornate; but
always lucid in his style of expression.
Dr. Donahoe was born in Halifax, Xova Scotia, in June, 1884,
and is a son of Edward and Margaret (Balcom) Donahoe, the
father a native of County Wicklow, Ireland, and the mother of
Port Dufferin, Xova Scotia. The former came to Xova Scotia
when a young man, locating in Halifax, where he married and
spent the rest of his life, successfully engaged in mercantile pursuits.
his death occurring October 26, 1914, at the age of eighty years.
He was a man of retiring nature and took no part in public affairs.
His family consisted of six children, the subject of this sketch
being the fifth in order of birth.
Dr. Donahoe grew to manhood in his native city, where he re-
43
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
ceived his primary education, then entered the Christian Brothers
School, and from there attended St. Francis Xavier College, Anti-
gonish, from which institution he was graduated in 1904; he next
studied at the Jesuit University at Georgetown, a suburb of Wash-
ington City. He received the degree of Master of Arts in this
institution "in 1905, then went to Montreal, spending three years in
the Grand Seminary. From 1909-1912 he was a student of the
Canadian College at Rome, taking the degree of Doctor of Philo-
sophy at the I "ropaganda, and the degree of Doctor of Canon Law
at the Apollinaris. Returning to Halifax he became a professor in
St. Mary's College, where he remained one year, then went to
Bermuda as assistant to Rev. Daly Comeau, and remained there
eighteen months. In March, 1915. he \vas appointed parish priest
of the Kentville parish, which covers Kentville, Wolfville, Canning
and other towns in this part of the Province. He is genial, popular
and is highly appreciated by his parishioners.
JOSEPH STAXTOX ROCKWELL. D. D. S.
Among the able and widely-known professional men of Kings
County is Dr. Joseph Stanton Rockwell, of Kentville, a man who
has spared neither means nor time in properly equipping himself for
his chosen vocation and therefore he has succeeded.
Dr. Rockwell was born at Wolfville, Nova Scotia, July i, 1868,
and is a son of William A. and Elizabeth C. (Kinsman) Rockwell,
both natives of Kings County, where they grew up, were educated
and married. The father is deceased, but the mother is still living
in Kings County. A sketch of the Rockwell family, one of the old-
est of this section of the Province, appears on another page of this
work.
Dr. Rockwell grew to manhood in his native community and he
received his primary education in the public schools, then went to
the States and took the course in the dental department of the
Baltimore University, Baltimore, Maryland, from which institution
he was graduated in 1901. Soon thereafter he returned north and
began the practice of his profession at St. John, New Brunswick,
remaining in that city a little over one year, then came to Kentville,
where he has remained to the present time and has enjoyed an ex-
cellent patronage all the while.
Dr. Rockwell was married October 9, 1907, to Belle M. Sheffield,
a daughter of DeLancy and Mary (McNab) Sheffield, who are
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
43'
making their home in Upper Cunard, this Province. To the Doctor
and wife one child has been born Mary Winnifred, whose birth
occurred October 13, 1912.
Religiously, Dr. Rockwell is a Presbyterian. He belongs to the
Provincial Dental Association and the Independent Order of Odd
Fellows.
ARTHUR FREDERICK MILLER, M. D.
Everyone, in addition to his ordinary workday life, whether it
be profesoisnal, political, commercial, or one of manual labor, needs
to have something aside from his material existence to which he can
turn for relaxation. If he is to escape the limitations of a common-
place existence, he must build for himself a home in the realm of the
ideal. Dr. Arthur Frederick Miller, of Kentville, Kings County, is
one who knows the value of good ideals, an intellectual abode, and
thus he is not only a successful man in his chosen field of endeavor
but is a good citizen.
Dr. Miller was born in Alberton, Prince County. Prince Edward
Island, October 31, 1876. Pie is a son of Lemuel and Margaret
Hannah Miller, both natives of Covehead, Prince Edward Island, the
father's birth having occurred in 1834 and that of the mother in 1839.
The immigrant ancestor of this family came from Perthshire, Scot-
land, in 1770, and settled in Covehead. Prince Edward Island, where
he engaged in farming and shipbuilding. The Doctor's father was
one of the leading educators of Prince Kd\vard Island during the past
generation, having been principal of West Kent School, Charlotte-
town, -for a period of twenty-five years.
Dr. Miller grew to manhod on his native island and there attended
the public schools, later Prince of Wales College, Charlottetown,
then Dalhousie University at Halifax, Nova Scotia, graduating from
the medical department in 1904. He subsequently went to the United
States and became one of the resident physicians to the Adirondack
Cottage Sanatorium at Trudeau, New York, where he remained
from 1905 to 1909. He was licentiate of the Provincial Medical
Board of Nova Scotia, and was licentiate, New York State in 1908.
He was appointed superintendent of the Provincial Sanatorium at
Kentville, Nova Scotia, in 1909, and still retains this position. He
has made a special study of this line of work and is well versed in all
advanced methods in Sanatorium work. He is a member of the
American Medical Association, the American Sanatorium Associa-
432
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
tion, the National Association for the Prevention of Tuberculosis,
the Canadian Medical Association, the Nova Scotia Medical Society,
and the International Anti-Tuberculosis Association. He is well
versed in the treatment of tuberculosis and has written many able
articles on the subject for medical journals, which have been well
received by his professional brethren throughout the country. His
research studies on the blood in pulmonary tuberculosis are considered
valuable. He is a forceful and entertaining, as well as a convincing
writer, and has made many notable contributions to medical literature.
Politically, he is a Liberal, and religiously, a Presbyterian. He is
superintendent of the Provincial Sanatorium at Kentville.
ARTHUR Di-AYITT FOSTER.
Although yet a young man, Arthur DeWitt Foster, a member of
the House of Commons from Kentville, Nova Scotia, has made his
influence felt for the general good and, judging from his past com-
mendable record the future will doubtless be replete with honor and
success of a more pronounced type.
Mr. Foster was born May 17. 1884, at Hampton, Annapolis
County. He is a son of Aaron Judson Foster, a Canadian, and
Eunice Lavenia (Chute) Foster, also a native of Canada. Our sub-
ject was educated in the common schools, the Provincial Normal
College and Acadia University. He taught school with success for
several years. While preparing for college he managed a farm in
order to obtain funds with which to complete his education. He also
served for some time in the Militia, becoming a lieutenant as a result
of his efficiency as a soldier. He was a teacher in and later became
house master of Horton Collegiate Academy while pursuing his
studies at Acadia University.
Mr. Foster married on January n, 1912, Charlotte Phyllis
Lawrence, a daughter of Capt. Albert Lawrence and wife of Hants-
port, Nova Scotia.
Mr. Foster has been interested in politics for some time as a
Conservative. He was elected to the House of Commons at the
general election of 1911, defeating Sir Frederick Borden, and is still
incumbent of this office, the duties of which he has discharged in an
able, faithful and eminently satisfactory manner. Religiously, he
belongs to the Baptist Church. He is one of the popular young men
of Kings County.
HOX. KICHAItD TOBIX T'XIACKE, M. E.
Attornev-General of Xova Scotia.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA 433
FREDERICK A. MASTERS.
One of the successful lawyers of Kings County is Frederick A.
Masters, of Kentville, in which town he was born, January 21,
1854. He is a son of Charles Andrew and Charlotte Catherine
(Morse) Masters, and a grandson of Silas and Rebecca (Rand)
Masters, the latter a daughter of Mayhew Rand. Abraham Mas-
ters, the great-grandfather, was a native of Hants County, where the
grandfather was also born, but the father was born at Kentville.
The ancestors of our subject in Xova Scotia followed fanning,
ship building, saw milling, and some followed the sea. The great-
grandfather was a farmer at Cornwallis, having removed from
Hants County there. The grandfather came to Kentville and en-
gaged in blacksmithing for some time, but in later life followed
farming. His death occurred in 1859, at the age of sixty-seven
years. Charles A. Masters grew up at Kentville and devoted his
earlier years to farming. The farm is now within the limits of that
town, a portion of the place being now used by the Dominion Atlan-
tic Railroad, on which workshops have been erected. He also owned
the land south of the Methodist church, which land he secured from
our subject's grandfather, whose farm consisted of eighty acres of
upland and twelve acres of dyke land, Charles A. Masters getting all
but thirty acres. He engaged in general fanning and fruit grow-
ing. Some of the orchard trees on this place are now over one
hundred years old. A portion of the orchard was included in what
the Dominion Atlantic Railroad Company obtained. The parents
of our subject were devout members of the Baptist church. The
father's death occurred in 1911, at the advanced age of eighty-
seven years. His family consisted of nine children, of whom our
subject was the second in order of birth and the second eldest son.
Eight of the children are still living, the oldest son, Albert B. Mas-
ters, having met his death by accident in the Rocky Mountains while
in the employ of the Canadian Pacific Railroad Company.
The father of these children was an active and influential tem-
perance worker.
Frederick A. Masters received his early education in the public
schools of Kentville, but first attended private schools, public schools
not being established until he was quite a boy. He began life for
himself by engaging as clerk for George E. Calkin, who conducted
a general store, and was at that time postmaster, and later young
(28)
434 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Masters acted as assitant postmaster, and also worked in this capac-
ity under \Yalter M. Caruthers, continuing as such one year, then
spent some time in Liverpool, Nova Scotia, in the office of Moore
& Pyke, barristers. Upon returning home he attended the private
.school of \Y. M. McVicar, M. A., at Wilmot, after which he entered
the office of John P. Chipman, the present judge of the County
Court of Kings County, and after four years' study he was admitted
to the bar in 1883, and has continued to practice his profession in
Kentville ever since, ranking well up in his profession and enjoying
a large clientage all the while.
Mr. Masters was married in July, 1889. to Adelaide A. Hiltz, a
daughter of James H. Hiltz, Esq., of Lunenburg County, where
Airs. Masters grew up and was educated. Her death occurred in
1907. Our subject has one child, Bella O. Masters, who is now
living in Toronto. His second wife was Mrs. Mary Duncan, the
widow of the late Robert G. Duncan, of Halifax.
Mr. Masters was a member of the town council from 1890 to
1900, with the exception of two years, and he was elected mayor of
Kentville in 1915. He has done much for the general development
of his home town, whose interests he has ever had at heart. He has
taken an active part in public affairs ever since reaching manhood.
He was revising officer for Kings County from 1889 until the repeal
of the "Federal Franchise Act" in 1896, succeeding Hon. George
A. Tllanchard. Esn. Mr. Masters is a member of the Church of Eng-
land. Politically, he is a Liberal-Conservative.
CHARLES FREDERICK ROCKWELL.
The life records of those men who have come up from an en-
vironment none too auspicious to a position of influence in their com-
munity, should be given historical setting for they serve as inspira-
tion to others. Charles Frederick Rockwell, of Kentville, Kings
County, is a good example of how one with determination and force
of individuality may rise from his surroundings to a position of in-
fluence in his locality.
Mr. Rockwell was born at Upper Dyke Village, Kings County,
July 3, 1847, and is the eldest son of Judah Benjamin Rockwell,
who was torn in 1819 at Cornwallis, Kings County, where he grew
up and in 1846 married Prudence Sophia Belcher, also a native of
that place. For many years he filled the office of justice of the peace
and was a highly respected citizen. He was a carpenter by trade
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 435
and also engaged in merchandising, and owned a small farm, located
at Upper Dyke Village. His death occurred in 1872 from a sun-
stroke received while making hay, at the age of fifty-three years.
His father and grandfather both lived to he over eighty. He was a
son of John B. and Emily (Eaton) Rockwell, and a grandson of
Jonathan Rockwell, who was a Loyalist, having come from the
States to Nova Scotia at the time uf the American Revolution, and
he received a large grant of land in the Cornwallis Valley, where
he engaged in farming and became a man of influence there in the
early days. The genealogy of the Rockwell family in America may
be traced back to the year 1629, and a record of the family was col-
lected and published by Henry Ensign Rockwell, of Boston, in 1873.
The father of the subject of this sketch was a man of temperate
habits and a temperance worker. His family consisted of three chil-
dren, all still living.
Charles F. Rockwell grew to manhood in his native community
and he received his education in the private schools at C'ornwallis,
where he studied until he was eighteen years of age, when he went
to Boston and was in the employ of his uncle, L. W. Rockwell, who
died in 1913 at the unusual age of ninety-three years. He worked
as bookkeeper there for two years, then went to Chicago and en-
gaged with the city engineer there, with whom he remained six-
months, when, owing to his mother's failing health, he returned
home, and spent another year in school, and upon obtaining his cer-
tificate he began teaching, which he continued with success for a
period of thirteen years. In 1871 he purchased a farm, to which he
gave his attention during the summer months. In 1885 he was ap-
pointed prothonotary and clerk of the County Court, filling these
offices until May, 1905. Selling out in 1886, he removed to Kent-
ville. In 1905 he was appointed high sheriff of Kings County,
which position he filled in a manner to reflect much credit upon him-
self and to the satisfaction of all concerned, hut resigned in 1915
and again filled the duties of prothonotary.
Mr. Rockwell was married in May, 1871, to Annie Kidston, of
Cornwallis, whose death occurred in 1885, leaving the following
children: Laura is the wife of Harry S. Dodge, of Bridgetown;
Orinda is the wife of Frank Fowler, of Bridgetown. In 1886 our
subject was united in marriage with Ada P. Murphy, of Hants
County, and a daughter of James Murphy, of Maitland, Nova Scotia.
This last union was without issue.
436 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Politically, Mr. Rockwell is a Liberal. He was councillor of
Kentville for four years and mayor for three years, during which
he did much for the general upbuilding of the town. He was for a
number of years assistant inspector of schools for Kings County.
Fraternally, he is a member of the Masonic Blue Lodge, the Inde-
pendent Order of Foresters, and the Independent Order of Odd Fel-
lows, in which he is ex-past grand master.
ALEX. P.KRXAKD McGILLIVRAY.
As stipendiary magistrate at Glace Bay, Xova Scotia, Alex. Ber-
nard McGillivray is ably discharging the duties of a responsible
office. He is regarded by his large acquaintance as one of the rep-
resentative citizens of this, his native county. He is a man whom
to know is to respect, for he is the possessor of that peculiar combi-
nation of attributes which results in the attainment of much that is
worth while in this world.
Mr. Mcdillivray was born at Grand Narrows, Xova Scotia, X T o-
vemher 3, 1X58. He is a son of Augustine and Christie (McXeil)
McGillivray, both natives of this Province, the father of Antigonish
County and the mother of Cape Breton County. The latter's parents
came from I'.arra, Scotland, and at Morar, also in that far-away
country, was born Angus McGillivray, our subject's grandfather,
who, when a young man, crossed the Atlantic to our shores, settling
at Cribbin's Point, Antigonish County. His son, Alex. McGillivray,
was a clergyman, and was assigned to the parish of Grand Xarrows,
where he remained a number of years. Our subject's faither, who
came with him, devoted himself to farming in that district and died
at the early age of forty.
The subject of this sketch was the oldest of a family of seven
children. He spent his boyhood at Grand Xarrows, where he at-
tended the public schools. When about twenty-one years of age he
came to Glace Bay and became engaged in coal mining. He is now
the senior member and president of the Provincial Board of Examin-
ers for granting certificates to mining officials, having been appointed
first in 1892, and reappointed each year until the reconstruction of the
board in 1910, when the appointment became permanent. Although
he began life as a coal miner, filled with ambition and an aptitude for
study, he devoted himself with that assiduousness and indomitable
determination characteristic of the Highland Scotch, so that in a few
years he not only had a practical knowledge of mining, but mastered
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA 437
it in all its branches thoroughly. In 1890 he was appointed shipping
superintendent of the Glace Bay Mining Company and continued
under the Dominion Coal Company, Limited, until 1897, when the
latter company decided to abandon Glace Bay as a shipping port.
In 1894 he was appointed stipendiary magistrate for District Xo. 11,
of the County of Cape Breton, and which comprised Glace Bay and
Bridgeport. He was annually reappointed until 1907, when Glace
Bay became incorporated as a town. He was then appointed, and
still continues to discharge the duties of the same office as a town
official in a highly satisfactory manner. The business transacted in
his court is very large. He stands well with the legal fraternity and
is known as a man of sound judgment, fairness and ability. During
all these years few of his decisions have met with reversal at the
hands of a higher tribunal.
Our subject was school trustee from 1887 to 1900, being secretary
of the board the last two years of that period. Politically, he is a
Liberal.
He was married in 1882 to Catherine Johnson.
MOSFS COADY.
.Moses Coady, who is looking after the spiritual welfare of the
parish at Reserve Alines, Cape Breton County, is a man who under-
stands something of the spiritual laws that should regulate all our
lives and he is trying to impart the knowledge he has gained to
others.
He was born at Margaree Forks, Xova Scotia, February 13, 1861.
He is a son of James and Sarah (Doyle) Coady, the father a native
of Tipperary, Ireland, and the mother of Wexford, Ireland. Mar-
tin Coady, the grandfather, was of old Irish stock. He, with two
brothers, one of whom was married, immigrated to Xova Scotia, the
grandfather locating in Margaree and the other two brothers, accom-
panied by him, went to Cheticamp, this Province, to look up a
suitable location, making the trip on foot, returning the same way
until they reached Margaree Harbour when their small boat was up-
set in crossing the same and they were all drowned. This was a
few years after their arrival. Two of them left widows and families.
The future outlook for the women was indeed discouraging. They
did not know how they were to feed and rear their little children,
how they could make a home in the forest, but they possessed the
characteristic courage of the Celtic people, and, through grit and
438 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
perseverance, succeeded. Our subject's grandmother lived to an
advanced age, nearly reaching the century mark. The father was
the second son and he took care of the home during his early life,
and after his marriage the younger children continued to reside at the
old homestead. The death of the father occurred on August 4,
1896, at the age of eighty-one years. The mother died in November,
1895. Of a family of twelve children, Moses Coady was the young-
est. Se\-en of the sons are still living. After attending the public
schools, lie went to the Provincial Normal, after which he taught
school three years, then went to St. Therese College at Montreal,
where lie studied two years, after which he entered St. Francis
Xavier College, where he spent two years, then went to Laval Mines,
University. Quebec, where he was ordained in 1891. He was sent
to Arichat, Richmond County, Nova Scotia, as curate to the Very Rev.
Dr. Jos. Ouina of the church of his denomination there, but re-
mained only a year, going from there to Thorburn, where he spent
three years. In 1895 lie was sent to Harbor Bouche, Antigonish
County, spending twelve years at that place. His next charge was
at Pictou, where lie spent four years, then went to Reserve Mines,
Cape Breton Count}-, where he has remained to the present time, hav-
ing here a large parish, which he is ministering to with his usual suc-
cess. Here is a fine parish church, parocial school, etc. He has
been popular wherever he has been sent and has strengthened the
several parishes he has served.
THE MARTELL FAMILY.
The genealogy of the Martell family of Nova Scotia may be
traced back to Anthony Martel, who was born in Lyons, France,
about the year 1698. He was a descendant of Pepin de Heristal of
Austria, whose son Charles gained a most important victory over a
large army of Saraceans in 732 A. D. at the battle of Tours, one
of the decisive battles of the world's history, for which victory he
was surmaned Martel (meaning the Hammer). This Anthony Mar-
tel lived in the home of his mother until about thirty years of age,
his father, who was a French count and the possessor of vast estates,
having died when he was a child. About this time there arose in
France a great persecution against the Huguenots and young Martel
thought it wise to leave France with his young wife. He could not
persuade his mother to leave her beautiful estate and decided to risk
her life to a faithful Catholic servant who had been in the family
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 439
many years, rather than ventnre into a new and strange country,
with but the scanty amount of money that they would be compelled
to take with them in their secret departure and hasty flight. Shortly
after her son left, the Papists raided her mansion. She was con-
cealed in an empty wine cask in the cellar, but under pressure of the
inquisition the faithful servant divulged her hiding place, being as-
sured that to kill a heretic was to do God service. She was seized
by the hair of the head and decapitated, her head falling outside the
cask while her body remained inside. The French nation had ordered
about that time that the marriages of Huguenots should be declared
null, and their children illegitimate, so that their property could be
confiscated and turned over to the church.
Anthony Martel went to Dublin, Ireland, because it was not diffi-
cult to secure a passage, the Jacobins holding constant and revolution-
ary intercourse with the Emerald Isle. Their flight took place in
the winter season, which added greatly to their discomfort, vet the
son and daughter of affluence and wealth were ready to sutler cold
and, if need be, hunger for conscience sake, immediately on their
arrival, February 1.2, 1733, their first son was born, called Charles,
and later a daughter named Annie. The father set up a linen and
silk business and remained in Dublin fifteen years, in the year 1/48.
with his wife and two children, he immigrated to Halifax, Xova
Scotia, where he began business in partnership with a man whose
name has not been preserved. In the course of a few years Martel,
accompanied by his son Charles, went to New York on business, and
while there fell a victim to yellow fever and died when well advanced
in years. The son was also smitten with the disease, but after several
months' suffering recovered and ultimately returned to Halifax to
find his father's partner had sold the property, pocketed the money
and returned to France. Young Martel then entered "\Yolf e's army
and was sergeant in the commissary department during the taking
of Louisburg, Cape Breton, in 1758, after which General Wolfe went
to Quebec, leaving Martel and some others to guard the town and
hold it for Great Britain. How long Martel remained there is not
known, but he later reappeared in Halifax, and assisted in laying
out a portion of the city. For this work he was well qualified, hav-
ing received a good education in Dublin, Ireland. For this service
the government gave him the lot of land on which the Provincial
building now stands.
About this time there arrived in Halifax a family of Swiss origin,
44-O HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
named Smith, belonging to the old "Waldensians. A daughter in
the family, Annie, born in Douglashorn. December 30, 1739, had
marvelously escaped martyrdom in Switzerland when she was about
fourteen years of age, during the severe persecution carried on
against the Waldensians, in which many of her friends and relatives
were most cruelly butchered. She hid under a half hogshead where
she was faithfully cared for by a young girl friend, who, under the
shadow of night and often at the risk of her own life, brought bread
and water to the Smith girl, who remained in her cramped quarters
until more influential friends effected her escape to England from
whence she found her way to Halifax, where she met Charles Martel
and shortly afterwards they were married. To their union seven
children were born, and in that family the old familiar names appear,
such as Thomas, John, Charles and Anthony.
About the year 1798 there moved to Cape Breton, to the place
now called llomeville, a man by the name of Stutson Holmes, a
Loyalist, who had given up large property in the United States
rather than become what he considered a traitor to the British gov-
ernment, hi this family was a young woman by the name of Sophie
who became the wife of Anthony Martel and settled in Main-a-dieu.
They were the parents of the late Rev. Anthony Martell. (Later
generations changed the original spelling of the name.)
The Rev. Anthony Martell, who died at Aylesford, Kings County,
Xova Scotia, July 19, 1906, was born at Main-a-dieu, Cape Breton,
in 1818. He was the eighth of twelve children born to Anthony and
Sophie ( Holmes) Martel. When a small boy his parents moved from
Main-a-dieu to Round Island on the north side of Mira Bay. His
ancestors, having been driven out of France as Huguenots and all
their property confiscated by the loss of the land, became most rigid
Episcopalians. From the time they settled at Round Island until
1837 the Rev. Mr. Inglis visited the place once a year to preach in
private houses and sprinkle all the new babies in the community.
In the year 1837 Rev. Maynard Parker visited the place and the fol-
lowing year Rev. James McQuillan came, and other noted preachers
of the pioneer days subsequently came and went. Shortly after he
was baptized. Anthony Martell felt a call to preach the gospel. He
attended Horton Academy for two years, then, for the want of means
to finish his course he returned to North Sydney to teach school
and began to hold religious meetings in the homes of the people, and
during this period his labors as a religious teacher extended to Port
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA 44!
Hood, Port Hastings and Port Hawksbury and other places on
the Island of Cape Breton. He was ordained as an evangelist at
Antigonish March 20, 1849, anc l labored under the direction of the
Home Mission Board for some time at Guysborough, Canso, Crow
Harbor, and other places in eastern Xova Scotia. His first regular
pastorate was Conso, followed by Tusket, Milton, then returned to
Tusket, then went to Bear River, Romeo, Michigan, and several other
places.
In 1842 he married Eleanor Stout, a daughter of Frank Stout,
Esq., of Sydney, by whom he had twelve children, six of whom
preceded him to the grave. The wife and mother passed away at
Laingsburg, Michigan, January 31, 1887. In September, 1891, he
married Mrs. McXeil, of Halifax, and settled in \Yolfville. His
second wife died in March, 1894, leaving him the use of sufficient
property to make him comfortable during his natural life. In July,
1895, he married Mrs. Ansel T. Baker of Burwick, Xova Scotia,
with whom he lived until his death. He was a man of fine physique
and commanding appearance, strong mind and pleasing voice, a man
with a deep and intimate knowledge of the sacred Scriptures and
whom to know was to admire and esteem. He did much in the
organization and strengthening of Baptist churches in almost every
nook and corner of Nova Scotia.
CHARLES J. BURCHELL.
Charles J. Burchell was born at Sydney, Cape Breton County,
Nova Scotia, July i, 1876. He is a son of J. E. and Henrietta M.
Burchell. His father was born at Sydney, December 17, 1839, and
his mother at Halifax, in 1844.
Mr. Burchell received his education in the public schools and at
Dalhousie University, from which he received the degrees of Master
of Arts and Bachelor of Laws. He was admitted to the Nova
Scotia Bar in April, 1899, and was created a King's Counsel in 1909.
He practiced his profession in Sydney from 1899 to 1911, where he
enjoyed a large clientage. Since that year he has been in Halifax,
and is a member of the law firm of Maclean, Paton, Burchell &
Ralston one of the best known firms of Halifax. He is also a mem-
ber of the firm of Burchell, Mclntyre & McKenzie of Sydney. He
was admitted as a member of the Montreal Bar in 1911.
Mr. Burchell was married May 8, 1901, to Gertrude Carrie, a
daughter of Rev. John Carrie, D. D., and Mary (Douglas) Carrie.
442 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
To this union four children have been born, namely : Edith M.,
J. E., Jr., Ida K. and C. William.
Politically, Air. Burchell is a Liberal, and religiously, a Methodist.
JAMES ERASER MACKENZIE.
Longfellow said, "The talent of success is nothing more than do-
ing what you can do well and doing well whatever you do, without
any thought of fame." Illustrative of this sentiment has been the
life of James Fraser MacKenzie, a merchant of Reserve Mines,
Cape Breton. Those familiar with his life work corroborate the
statement that he does well whatever he turns his attention to and
therefore gratifying results attend his efforts.
Mr. Maclvenxie was burn at Bouldarie. Capt Breton, September
25, 1872. He is a son of Donald and Mary (MacRae) MacKenzie.
The father was born at Big I>ras d'Or. February 8, 1836, and the
mother was a native of Middle Kiver. These parents grew to matur-
ity in Cape Breton where the}' were married and established their
home. Hector MacKenzie, the grandfather, was born at Loch
Broom, Scotland, and there he resided until coming to Xova Scotia
in 1835, locating at Big Bras d'Or, where he spent the rest of his
life engaged in farming, having developed a good farm from the
virgin forest. Fie lived to an advanced age. The father of our sub-
ject grew up on the home farm, but when a young man learned
the blacksmith's trade. After serving his apprenticeship, he started
a blacksmith' shop; also bought a farm of two hundred acres, which
he operated with hired help, continuing to run his shop at the same
time, and he became one of the successful men of his community.
He possessed a remarkable memory, and while his education was
meager, he read law and eventually Ijecame well versed in the same.
He was appointed justice of the peace and also served in the County
Council for a period of eighteen years. He is enjoying good health
and is active although in his eightieth year. He and his good wife
have borne the joys and sorrows, the successes and defeats of fifty-
three years of married life. Of their family of ten children, eight
are still living, the subject of this sketch being the fifth in order of
birth.
After his school days, James F. MacKenzie started to North
Sydney, when sixteen years old, and there he entered the employ of
J. W. Ingraham, in a general store, continuing with him for six
years, during which time he mastered the ins and outs of this line of
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 443
endeavor; he then went to Glace Bay and entered the employ of Peter
McAulay, who also conducted a general store. From there he came
to Reserve, and began working for W. J. McDonald. A year later
he started in business for himself and has remained at Reserve ever
since, having built up a large trade with the town and community. In
1911 he built a warehouse thirty by forty feet, two stories at Reserve,
also opened a branch store at New Waterford, where John R. Ross
was installed as manager. His main store is thirty by seventy feet,
two stories, and he carries a complete line of goods usually found in
a general store.
Mr. MacKenzie was married in September, 1904, to Jennie Flor-
ence Ross, a sister of \Y. G. Ross, a sketch of whom appears else-
where in this work. Our subject and wife are members of the
Presbyterian church. Politically, he is independent.
JAMES WALTER ALLISON.
All credit is due a man who wins success in his chosen field of
endeavor in spite of obstacles, who, by persistency and energy gains
a competence and a position of honor as a man and citizen. The
record of James Walter Allison, a successful manufacturer of Hali-
fax, is that of such a man, for he came to this city in the days of
her substantial growth and worked his way up from the bottom to
definite success and independence, being now one of the substantial
men of affairs of this Province.
Mr. Allison was born at Newcastle, New Brunswick, March 3 1 ,
1850, and is a son of Henry B. and Sarah (Abrams) Allison, for
many years a highly esteemed family of Sackville, New Brunswick.
He was educated in the public schools and Mt. Allison Academy and
College, which well known institution was founded by his uncle,
the late Charles F. Allison. Coming to Halifax when a young man,
he entered upon his business career in 1871, and in 1876 became
a partner and ultimately head of the house of John P. Mott &
Company, which position he still retains, and the large success of the
firm has been due for the most part to his able management and sound
judgment. They are well known manufacturers of chocolate, cocoa,
and spices, and their products find a ready market over a vast terri-
tory owing to their superior qualities. The company has a large and
modernly equipped, plant, employing a large number of assistants.
Mr. Allison is also a director in the Nova Scotia Steel and Coal
Company, the Eastern Trust Company, and the Bank of Nova Scotia,
444 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
and he is president of the Nova Scotia Savings, Loan and Building
Society. He is also a director of the School for the Blind and a
governor of "Kings College," Windsor Nova Scotia.
Mr. Allison was married in 1876 to Mary Prescott, a daugh-
ter of the late Charles T. Prsecott and wife, of Baie Verte, New
Brunswick, and a granddaughter of Hon. C. R. Prescott. founder of
the fruit growing industry of Nova Scotia. Our subject is a man
who has always been free with bis means and time in furthering any
good movements. He has long l>een a liberal supporter of the Angli-
can church of which he is an active member. Politically, he is a
Conservative, but has never sought political preferment. He is a
member of the Halifax Club. He has a 1>eautiful home, "Hazel-
burst," in Dartmouth.
JAMKS ADMIN1US KNIGHT.
Mr. Knight is a barrister and a King's Counsel. He is also one
of the most enthusiastic advocates of game preservation in Nova
Scotia ami the present efficient Chief Game Commissioner for this
Province.
The subject of our sketch, who maintains his home in Bedford,
Halifax County, was born in Halifax in which city he has his office,
on November 26, 1859. He is a son of Thomas F. and Mary Augusta
(Richey) Knight, the father a native of Black Head, Newfoundland,
and the mother of Windsor, Nova Scotia. The paternal grandfather,
Rev. Richard Knight. D. D., was born in Devonshire, England, from
which country he went to Newfoundland as a missinary, and came
from there to Nova Scotia. He was a prominent administrative offi-
cer and preacher in the Methodist church of eastern British America
in his day. Rev. Matthew Ricbey, I). D., the maternal grandfather,
was born at Ramelton, Ireland, from which country he came to
Canada in his youth and entered the Methodist ministry in the
Maritime Provinces, where he became widely known. He was a
most eloquent and forceful speaker. He was for a time principal
of Upper Canada College. He served as pastor of the leading
churches of his denomination of Upper and Lower Canada as well
as in the Maritime Provinces. The father of our subject held office
as Dominion auditor, and later was inspector of customs at Halifax.
He was inclined to literature and wrote for the press for many
years. He received the first prize offered in connection with the
international exhibition of 1862, for an essay on Nova Scotia and
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA 445
its resources. He also wrote several pamphlets on the fisheries of
Nova Scotia.
James A. Knight received his education in private and public
schools of Halifax, Alt. Allison Academy, Sackville, New Brunswick,
and Dalhousie University, from which institution he was graduated
with the degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1897. He entered business
as a publisher and book seller in early li fe, later studying law. He
was admitted to the bar in 1897, alu ' was niade a King's Counsel in
1909. He has been engaged successfully in the practice of his pro-
fession at Halifax, at first alone; from 1900 to 1908 he was a mem-
ber of the firm of Hanright & Knight, afterwards practicing alone.
In 1904 Mr. Knight was appointed Chief Game Commissioner
for Nova Scotia, which office he still holds. P.eing a man <>f broad
and enlightened ideas he has done considerable work along the line
of his official duties. He took a leading part in organizing the
Board of Game Commissioners for the Province, and has been
largely responsible for the success of that commission in the work
of game preservation. He has been a frequent contributor to the
press of articles dealing with game protection and kindred subjects.
Mr. Knight is a member of the Methodist church. Tie is also a
member of the Nova Scotia Game Society, the Canadian Club, the
Nova Scotia Barristers Society, St. George's Society, and the Xova
Scotia Historical Society. For recreation he resorts chiefly to hunt-
ing and fishing.
R. D. CLARKE. SR.
Some men belong to no exclusive class in life; apparently insur-
mountable obstacles have in many instances awakened their dormant
faculties and served as a stimulus to carry them to ultimate renown.
The instances in the face of adverse fate would seem almost to justify
the conclusion that self-reliance, with a half chance, can accomplish
any reasonable object. The late R. D. Clarke, Sr., a well known busi-
ness man and enterprising citizen of Halifax during the past gene-
ration, was a man who lived to good purpose and achieved greater
success than the average individual.
Mr. Clarke was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, and when but a little
boy he landed in Halifax. Nova Scotia, about 1809, accompanied
by his parents. His father was in the Royal Engineers ; his mother's
name was Douglass, a cousin of Lady Douglass of Scotland. On
446 IIIS'IOKY ()! NOVA SCOTIA.
the day of their arrival in Halifax they met a funeral, and on mak-
ing enquiry, they found that the deceased was Lieutenant Douglass,
Mrs. Clarke's brother. His grave is still to be seen in the old St.
Paul's cemetery, and the date of his death, which may still be read
on the tombstone, corresponds with the date of Mr. Clarke's arrival
in Halifax. He had two brothers and one sister.
Mr. Clarke spent his young manhood in Halifax, and when twenty-
one years of age he was united in marriage to Wilhelmina Demolitor
Davis, whose father was of English birth (the name Davis is sup-
posed to have been fictitious). At the time of his marriage our sub-
ject was conducting a dry goods business in the building known as
the Coffin Block or Ordinance Building. He afterwards removed
his store to the site where the Mahons, Limited, now stands. About
1838 he established himself in the auction business, which has teen
carried on almost continuously by the family ever since that date,
he being succeeded by R. D. Clarke, Jr., who carried on the business
at 79-81 Granville street until his death in 1897, and after his death
his son Melvin S. Clarke, succeeded him and is at present head of
the firm of Clarke, Hook & Sanclall, Auctioneers, and the Melvin
S. Clarke & Company, Real Estate and Investments, these firms being
located at 78-80 Argyle street, at the head of St. Paul's hill.
Mr. Clarke, Sr., was a warden of St. Andrew's Presbyterian
church. He lived on Gottengen street, at "Hawthorne Place." In
1853 he moved with his family to Chester Basin where he established
a lime kiln, paint kiln and other things. After residing there a few
years he removed with his family of eight sons and two daughters
to Boston. Massachusetts. After a few years he returned to Hali-
fax, leaving his sons in Boston, and entering into partnership with
Mr. McAgy, under the firm name of Clarke & McAgy, Auctioneers.
In a few years this partnership was dissolved, and his son, R. D.
Clarke, Jr., came on from Boston and entered into business with his
father, the firm name being changed to R. D. Clarke & Son. After
some years the elder Clarke retired from business, moving with
some of his family to Chester, where he resided until his death in
1883.
R. D. Clarke, Jr., married Henrietta Rudolf, a daughter of W. H.
Rudolf, a business man of Halifax for many years, who at one time
carried on a large West India trade. His sons are, Douglas R.
Clarke, superintendent of the Bank of Montreal, British Columbia,
Melvin S. Clarke, mentioned above; also Fred C. Clarke, secretary
II1STOKY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 447
of Porto Rico Railway and the Mexican Northern Railway, lives in
Toronto.
Two sons, Louis Demolitor Clarke of St. John, New Brunswick,
and Harshaw Bament Clarke of Halifax ,are the only surviving mem-
bers of the family of the late R. D. Clarke, Sr.
THOMAS BAYNE.
The chief characteristics of the late Thomas Bayne, one of the
well known commercial men of Halifax of a past generation, seemed
to be keenness of. perception as to the value of a business proposition
and his every day common sense. He was successful in business,
respected in social life, and as a neighbor discharged his duties in
a manner becoming a liberal minded, intelligent citizen of the Prov-
ince where the latter portion of his useful life was spent.
Mr. Bayne took but little interest in the political life of his day,
and as for social events,- such had no attraction for him. Being a
son of the Manse, he was in his younger days privileged to listen
to the deeper discussion of many visiting his father's home, and in
later life his greatest pleasure and entertainment was in reading or
quiet conversation with a few friends. The Presbyterian church
always found in him a strong supporter, the training of his youth
having greatly influenced him through life.
Thomas Bayne was born in Dunbar, Scotland, in 1819. He was
the son of the Rev. Andrew Bayne of U. P. Church in Dunbar,
Scotland, who reared the following children : George, Andrew,
John, lames and Thomas and one daughter. Margaret. Rev. Bayne
died in 1832.
The sons George and Andrew engaged in business in their native
town and spent their lives there with their sister Margaret. James
and Thomas came to Nova Scotia in 1840 and here passed the re-
mainder of their lives, each rearing families. James studied theology
in Edinburgh prior to coming to Nova Scotia and here he taught
school for a short time, then entered the ministry and became prom-
inent in his work, serving for a number of years as minister of the
Prince Street Presbyterian Church, Pictou. The degree of Doctor
of Divinity was conferred on him, and his work in connection with
the Missionary Society, which built the Mission vessel Dayspring
and sent her to the New Plebrides. will long be remembered. He
died in 1876 leaving a large family, the sons being Dr. Herbert
Andrew, of Kingston Military College. Rev. Ernest S., Presbyterian
448 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
minister of Mabou, Nova Scotia, George Arthur, consulting engineer
with the Hudson Bay Land Department, and James A., of Moncton,
New Brunswick.
Thomas Bayne, for many years, was a memljer of the firm of
Alexander McLeod & Company, which firm was very successful.
After locating- in Halifax he married Elizabeth Hunter, who died at
an early age. She was a native of Hants County, Nova Scotia, and
a daughter of George Hunter and granddaughter of the Rev. George
Gilmore. United Empire Loyalist.
To this union the following children were born : Charles H.,
who is engaged in the real estate business in Halifax; Andrew N.,
also in the same line of business with his brother; George H., who
was born in 1859 anc l died in 1903, and Alexander McLeod, who
died in 1X69, aged eight years. The death of Thomas Baync oc-
curred in September. 1890, in his seventy-second year.
HUM I'M KEY MELLISH.
One of the widely known and successful barristers of Halifax is
Humphrey Mellish, K. C, a man who has worked conscientiously
to advance himself. He has been a member of the firm of Mclnnis,
.Mellish. Fulton & Kenny since 1907. He was born in County
Queens. Prince Edward Island, May 13, 1862. He is a son of
James L. and Margaret (Murray) Mellish and great-grandson of
Thomas Mellish. deputy provost marshal, collector of customs and a
member of the local Assembly of P. E. Island about A. D. 1788.
He received his education in the common schools and in Prince of
\Yales College at Charlottetown. his native island, then entered Dal-
housie University at Halifax from which institution he was gradu-
ated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws.
Matriculated in the University of London (Honors Division, 1883).
He read law with Meagher, Drysdale & Newcombe of Halifax and
John U. Ross, King's Counsel, of Pictou, where he taught mathe-
matics in the Pictou Academy 1885-1888. He was called to the
Nova Scotia bar in 1890. He was created a King's Counsel in 1904.
He formed the partnership in 1891 of Mellish & Tobin, which was
changed to Lyons, Mellish & Tobin in the same year, this firm con-
tinuing until 1894. His firm then became Ross, Mellish and Mathers,
which existed until 1902. He entered the firm of Drysdale & Mc-
lnnis in 1903, which firm existed as such until 1907. He was presi-
dent of the Nova Scotia Barristers Society from 1912 to 1913. in-
PICTOU ACADEMY.
One of Nova Scotia's Oldest Schools.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA 449
clusively. He was agent to the Canadian Minister of Justice in
Nova Scotia during 1903-04. He was second lieutenant of the Sixty-
sixth, P. L. F. Regiment, Halifax, from 1898 to 1902. Mr. Mellish
was married in 1898 to Mabel White, a daughter of S. H. White and
wife. He is a member of the Canadian Society, the Ancient Free
and Accepted Masons and an adherent of the Anglican church.
Politically, he is a Liberal.
T. SHERMAN ROGERS, K. C.
T. Sherman Rogers was born at Amherst. Nova Scotia, on
August 15, 1864. He is a son of William H. and Mary E. Rogers.
The father was formerly inspector of fisheries for this Province.
Mr. Rogers received his education in Amherst high school and
Acadia College, graduating from the latter institution in 1883 with
the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He then entered the law depart-
ment of Dalhousie University, from which he was graduated in
1887, and in December of that year was admitted to the bar. Ik-
succeeded ex-Chief Justice Townsend on his retiring from practice,
in the firm of Townshend, Dickey & Rogers. He practiced at Am-
herst where he was one of the leaders of the bar until 1910, since
then at Halifax. After the late Hon. A. R. Dickey became a min-
ister of the Crown, the firm continued as Townshend & Rogers until
1904. Upon the death of the senior member. J. M. Townshend,
K. C., in that year, the firm became Rogers, Jenks & Purely. Our
subject was created King's Counsel in 1907.111 1909 the firm \vas
changed to Rogers & Purdy. In March, 1910, Mr. Rogers joined,
in Halifax, the firm of Harris, Henry, Rogers & Harris, and upon
R. E. Harris, K. C., going to the bench in 1915, the firm became
Henry. Rogers, Harris & Stewart. For many years he was recorder
of Amhnrst and a member of the council of the Nova Scotia Bar
Association. He has had a large practice in all the Provincial courts
as well as in the Supreme Court of Canada, and has also appeared
before the Privy Council on several occasions. Politically, he is a
Liberal-Conservative. In 1904 he contested Cumberland County
for the Dominion house unsuccessfully, and in 1908 declined re-
nomination. In 1909 he consented to stand at a live-election for the
local House but was defeated by the intervention of the labor candi-
date. From 1910 to 1915 he was a member of the Provincial Com-
mittee of the Liberal Conservative Association. He was also a
(29)
450 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
member of the executive of the Union of Nova Scotia municipalities
for some years. He has been executor and trustee of many large
estates.
Mr. Rogers has been very successful in a business way. While
living in Cumberland County he was a director of many local cor-
porations. He was at one time president of the Amherst Boot &
Shoe Company, in which he is still a director; also a director in the
Amherst Foundry Company, Ltd., and was elected a director of
the Xova Scotia Steel & Coal Company, Ltd., also the Brandram-
Henderson Company, Ltd. and the Acadia Sugar Refining Company,
Ltd., in 1915. He is a member of the Hailfax Club. One of the
leading newspapers of the Province said of him, among other things,
that he was "one of the ablest, safest and most successful lawyers in
the Province."
Mr. Rogers was married in 1891 to Minnie V. Purdy of Am-
herst. daughter of the late Amos Purdy, prominent in the early
political life of the County of Cumberland.
WILLIAM FRANCIS O'CONNOR.
The name of William Francis O'Connor of Halifax has long
stood high in the list of Nova Scotia lawyers. He has labored
persistently and conscientiously toward a worthy goal in his chosen
vocation, knowing that there is no royal road to success in the legal
profession. He was born in the above named city and Province,
September 3, 1873. He is descendant from a Roman Catholic Irish
family. He received his education in the public and high schools of
Halifax, and had a subsequent experience of ten years as clerk, ac-
countant and journalist. When twenty-two years of age he began
the study of law with Daniel McNeil, King's Counsel, then took a
course in the law department of Dalhousie University, from which
institution he received the degree of Bachelor of Laws. King's
University has also conferred upon him the degree of Bachelor of
Civil Laws. He was admitted to the bar of Nova Scotia, April 10,
1898, and the following year formed a partnership with his old
preceptor, Daniel McNeil, continuing with him until 1904, when
Mr. O'Connor formed a new firm of which he became the head.
In 1910 he was made a King's Counsel. He is now associated with
Bernard W. Russell under the firm name of O'Connor & Russell
and is doing a large general law business.
Mr. O'Connor was married April 26, 1900. to Nellie M. Veale,
IIIS'IOUY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
and to this union three children have been born, Emily, Kathleen
and Frances.
Politically, Mr. O'Connor is a Liberal-Conservative. He was
honorary president of the Halifax County Liberal-Conservative As-
sociation from 1913 to 1915. He was an unsuccessful candidate for
the local Legislature for the County of Halifax in 1906, and second
choice of five candidates for mayor of Halifax in 1915. He has
lectured on international law at Dalhousie University, and has been
a member of the law faculty of that institution since 1908. In 1912
he was appointed Canadian counsel for the Pecuniary Claims Trib-
unal, which is adjusting certain outstanding differences between
Great Britain and the United States. The sittings of that tribunal
at London and Washington have been delayed by the outbreak of the
present European war.
BERNARD WALLACE RUSSELL.
One of the most promising of the younger members of the Hali-
fax bar is Bernard Wallace Russell. He is possessed of a strong,
vigorous, common-sense intellect. He goes to trial intrenched in
the facts of the law, and drives his points to the court and jury,
without any flourish, circumlocution, or studied or stereotyped em-
bellishment of the argument. If he becomes eloquent it is unin-
tentional, and is to be understood as the eloquence of the subject.
rather more than of the speaker, who seems to forget himself in
pursuing the facts.
Mr. Russell was born at Dartmouth, Xova Scotia, February 7,
1889, and is a son of Benjamin Russell, a sketch of whom appears
on another page of this volume.
Mr. Russell grew to manhood in his native community and re-
ceived his early education in the public schools, later studied at
Mount Allison University and Dalhousie University, graduating
from the law department of the latter. He was admitted to the bar
and has been successful in the practice of his profession from the
first. He has for some time been lecturer on office practice in the
law school at Dalhousie University, a very responsible position to
be entrusted to so young a man, but he has given eminent satisfac-
tion to all concerned.
Mr. Russell was married on October 14, 1914, to Lillian Ander-
son, a daughter of G. F. A. and Georgia (Hall) Anderson, of St.
John, New Brunswick.
452 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Politically, Mr. Russell is a Conservative ; and religiously, a
Methodist. He is a member of the Halifax Commercial Club, the
Wanderers, A. A. A., and St. George's Society.
JAMES CHARLES PHILIP DUMARESQ.
1 he chief characteristics of the late James Charles Philip Dumar-
esq, for years a prominent architect of Halifax, was keenness of
perception, an unflagging energy, honesty of purpose and motive and
every-day common sense, which not only enabled him to advance his
own interests in a very gratifying manner, but also to contribute to
the general welfare of his community.
Mr. Dumaresq was born at Sydney, Cape Breton Island, Decem-
ber 18, 1840. He was a son of Charles Wittigan Ferdinand Augustus
Dumaresq, who \vas born in Sydney, July 5, 180$; and Christianna
(McDonald) Dumaresq, whose birth occurred in Scotland, July 20,
1818.
During the great religious persecutions in France, Baron John
Dumaresq, an officer of the French army, and staunch Roman Cath-
olic, disinherited and drove from his home, his son. for professing
Protestantism. The young man rled to the South, took refuge with
the Due D' Avergue, and shortly thereafter married his daughter,
Estelle. The persecutions soon reached this section of the country,
and in the storming and burning- of the Chateau D' Avergue, young
Dumaresq was killed. His wife with her infant son, Philip, made
good her escape and finally reached the Island of Jersey, where
Huguenots had taken refuge. In this way one of the oldest and
most honorable families of France became British and through the
succeeding years served their adopted country in the army, navy and
civil service.
James C. P. Dumaresq of this sketch, was the great grandson of
the infant, Philip, who was carried to Jersey. His grandfather,
also named Philip, was sent out by the British government as col-
lector of customs for the Island of Cape Breton. Upon the annexa-
tion of Cape Breton to Nova Scotia he was transferred to Halifax,
where he lived but a short time, being buried in St. Paul's Ceme-
tery, Pleasant street. This man is said to have introduced the white
bean into Canada.
The subject of this sketch studied at Acadia College, Wolfville,
and entered the profession of architecture in Halifax about 1870.
where, until the time of his death, December 20, 1906, he enjoyed
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 453
the confidence of the entire community, his work covering many of
the more important buildings of the Maritime Provinces, as well as
touching the State of Maine and Newfoundland. For a short period
after the great fire of St. John, New Brunswick, he practiced in that
city, but soon returned to Halifax, so pressing were ihe demands on
his time in respect to commissions in the latter. Probably his most
important work is the Parliament Building at Fredericton, Xew
Brunswick, but there came from his hands many of our well known
residences, schools, churches and colleges.
Mr. Dumarescj was a man of the highest integrity, was held in
the greatest esteem and respect by all who knew him a perfect
gentleman modest, sympathetic, stern, a strict disciplinarian, a
worthy citizen and a credit to his profession. Though reared an
Anglican he early joined the Baptist church and throughout his life
was a pillar in this denomination. Politically, he was a Conservative.
On June 27, 1873, Mr. Dumaresq was united in marriage to
Madeline Matilda McDonald, a daughter of Xorman and Jean Innis
(Laing) McDonald, of Halifax. To this union the following chil-
dren were born : Jean Veysey, who married Nelson B. Smith ; Syd-
ney Perry, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this volume ;
George Robbins is deceased; Annie Louise is the wife of Frank P..
Layton; Edna Madeline was next in order of birth; and Jessie
Christianna. who became the wife of Harry L. Bentley.
GFORGK K. FRANCKLYN.
The late George E. Francklyn, head of the firm of S. Cunard
and Company, of Halifax, French consul for Nova Scotia, grandson
of the late Sir Samuel Cunard, the founder of the Cunard Line, was
one of the leading men of his day and generation in this Province.
As a citizen he was public-spirited and enterprising to an unwonted
degree; as a friend and neighbor, he combined the qualities of head
and heart that won confidence and commanded respect ; as a man
of affairs, who had a comprehensive grasp upon the philosophy of
business, he ranked for years among our most progressive com-
mercial exponents.
Mr. Francklyn was born in Ceylon, February n, 1848, the son
of Colonel Francklyn. His mother was Sarah Jane Cunard, a
daughter of the late Sir Samuel Cunard, founder of the great Cunard
Line. Our subject was educated at Wellington College, England,
and while yet a young man came to Halifax, the home of his
454 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
mother's people, and where the family was still prominent in the
firm of S. Cunard and Company, the original Cunard firm. It was
as a member of the firm that Mr. Francklyn had over forty years
of close contact with the shipping interests of this port. By his
death, which occurred on May 2, 1915, there was removed from
Halifax one of the few connecting links with that past when this
port was foremost in the development of that wonderful mercantile
marine which is the pride of the British race. The S. Cunard and
Company of Halifax is distinct from the Cunard Steamship Company
of [upland in business relationship, although Samuel Cunard of
Halifax, was the founder of both, but of the latter or the English
company, long after lie had brought his Halifax firm to a position
of prominence and wealth among the ship owning and brokerage
firms of Xova Scotia and America. When Sir Samuel Cunard re-
tired from the Xova Scotia firm and went to England he was suc-
ceeded by his two sons, Edward and William. It was when William
Cunard retired from the Halifax firm and went to England to live,
in 1872, that his nephew. George E. Erancklyn, came into the firm
with James 15. Morrow and T. S. I'eters as the other members. In
1878 Mr. I'eters retired, and in 1880 Mr. Morrow died. Mr.
Francklyn then became senior member of the firm with James Mor-
row, son of the late James B. Morrow, as the other member. The
latter died in 1908. at which time J. Xorwood Duff us entered the
firm and is today the only surviving member.
During all this time S. Cunard and Company, of Halifax, have
been the agents for the Cunard Company, of England, and even dur-
ing the years that the line did not run continuously to Halifax many
of the ships called here, as well as other important steamship lines.
It was before Mr. Erancklyn was born that the first Cunarder crossed
the Atlantic and docked at Halifax, and although the line's direct
sailings to this port had been withdrawn several years before Mr.
Francklyn's connection with the local firm, he lived, however, to see
the famous line return to its birth-place on scheduled sailings, and
further to see the Maurcfania, queen of the fleet, seek the shelter
of Halifax harbor at the end of the quickest and most notable voy-
age ever made by a steamer across the Atlantic, when on August
6, 1914, she sought her Halifax harbor for protection from the Ger-
man cruisers, having crossed from Liverpool to Halifax in four days
and ten hours.
SIR SAMUEL CUNAKD,
Founder Cumml Steamship Line.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 455
Mr. Francklyn was noted tor his generosity, kindness and ex-
cellent character. He was of a very retiring temperament, and out-
side of his business circle and his philanthropic interests, he was not
so publicly known as many men with lesser connections. He was a
member of the Halifax Club, a director of the Seaman's Home for
eight years, and a member of St. George's Anglican church, at which
he was a frequent worshipper during his long life in Halifax.
Long service as French consul at Halifax, brought to Mr.
Francklyn the honor of two decorations from the French govern-
ment several years prior to his death. He remained consul until
his death. For over fort}' years no name was more prominent in
shipping circles of Halifax.
Surviving Mr. Francklyn are his widow, formerly Miss Frances
M. Clark, a native of New York State, sister of Mrs. Slayter, of
Halifax; two sons: George Edward, deceased, is mentioned at the
end of this article; and Gilbert \V., who lives in Vancouver. British
-Columbia; one daughter Mrs. Castens, wife of Major Castens of the
Garrison Artillery in England; and six sisters also reside in Eng-
land.
Lieut. George Edward Francklyn, mentioned above, was a native
of Halifax, educated in England and Kingston. R. M. C. For some
years he was connected with the firm of S. Cunard and Company,
but not liking the confinement of office work, he eventually retired
from the staff of that firm and interested himself in gold mining in
Guysboro, this Province, and also made a visit to Playa de Oro in
the course of his gold mining experience, spending two years in
South America, in fact, traveled extensively, on one occasion going
to the South Seas. He was a great sportsman, an enthusiastic
yachtsman. In his younger days he played with the Kingston Mili-
tary College hockey team, and later with the Wanderers, and was
one of the best in the sport that Halifax ever had. He ever had
a leaning towards military affairs, and about 1911 he took a com-
mission as lieutenant in the Army Service Corps, going from his
home city to the Royal Military College at Kingston. When the
European war broke out in the summer of 1914 he crossed the
Atlantic with the first Canadian contingent, and saw much active
service at the front in France, distinguishing himself as a courageous
and efficient officer. His death occurred December 8, 1914. He
was fortv-one vears old. Just before leaving Canada for oversea
456 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
service he was united in marriage at Kingston, to Madge Taylor,
who later joined him in England. He was well liked by all who
knew him and was for years one of the most popular men in Halifax
social and club life.
BENJAMIN RUSSELL.
When a man lias so impressed his individuality upon his fellow
men as to gain their confidence and through that confidence rises to
important public trust, he at once becomes a conspicuous figure in
the body politic of the community. Hon. Benjamin Russell, a justice
of tlie Supreme Court of Nova Scotia, is one of the well known
professional men of the Maritime Provinces. By the force of will
and a laudable ambition he has forged to the front in a responsible
and exacting calling and earned an honorable reputation in one of the
most important branches of public service.
Mr. Justice Russell was born at Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, January
10, 1849. an( ' ' s a son * the l a t e Nathaniel and Agnes Davidson
(Bissett) Russell. The former was of United Empire Loyalist
descent, and the latter of Scottish and French Huguenot extraction.
He was educated in the Halifax Grammar School at Mt. Allison
University, from which institution he was graduated with the degree
of Bachelor of Arts in iSfuS. In 1871 he received the degree of
Master of Arts, and in 1893 the degree of Doctor of Laws. He was
admitted to the bar in i8/J. and was made a Queen's Counsel (Earl
of Derby) in 1890. He successfully practiced his profession in Hali-
fax, becoming a leader of the local bar and winning a brilliant reputa-
tion as a lawyer who became profoundly versed in the basic prin-
ciples of jurisprudence. As successor to Sir John Thompson, he
reported debates in the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia from
1869 to 1883. He was official reporter and unofficial legal adviser
to the Legislative Council of Nova Scotia from 1884 to 1896. He
was official reporter to the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia from
1875 to 1895. He lectured in the law course of Dalhousie University,
1883-4. Since then he has been professor of contracts and lecturer
on Bills and Notes, Sales and Equity Jurisprudence Law in that in-
stitution. He was elected president of the Halifax Children's Aid
Society in 1906. He is a vice-president of the Halifax branch of
the British Empire League and president of the Halifax branch of
the Overseas Club. He was appointed a puisne judge, Supreme
Court of Nova Scotia, October 3, 1904, and is still incumbent of this
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 457
important office, the duties of which lie has discharged in a manner
that has reflected much credit upon himself and to the satisfaction
of all concerned. His decisions are marked by a profound knowledge
of the law and by a uniform fairness. He edited "Blackburn on
Sale" in 1910, and several other leading English law treatises later
on. He is also the author of a Canadian treatise on the law of bills
and notes. He sat for Halifax in the House of Commons in Liberal
interests from 1896 to 1900, and for Hants County in the House of
Commons from 1900 to 1904. He is well known on the lecture plat-
form, and is an earnest, forceful and convincing speaker. He is a
member of the Canadian Club, and religiously, is a Methodist. The
Montreal Star has said of him "There is no man in Canada ot
greater versatility." And the Toronto Globe says: "He has few
equals as a keen, incisive and luminous speaker."
SYDNEY PERRY DUMARESO.
The name of Sydney Perry Dumaresq is too well known to the
readers of this work to need any formal introduction here, for he
has been one of the enterprising men of affairs of Halifax, Xova
Scotia, a number of years, although not yet past the zenith of his
earthly career. He is a son of James Charles Philip Dumaresq, who
was born in Sydney. Xova Scotia, December 18, 1840; and Madeline
Matilda (McDonold) Dumaresq, who was born in Halifax, April
". l8 53-
Our subject received his education in the public schools and
Acadia College, Wolfville, Xova Scotia. Immediately after gradu-
ating from that institution in June, 1899, he entered into partnership
with his father in the practice of architecture, and received that care-
ful, practical training only to be obtained by actual experience. This
partnership was carried on until his father's death in December, 1906.
He then practiced alone for two years and a half when he took into
partnership Andrew R. Cobb. This partnership only lasted until
January, 1912, and the only important work done under it was the
Memorial Tower at the Northwest Arm, the contract for which was
won in open competition. Mr. Dumaresq has since practiced alone
and has been intrusted with many important commissions. Among
these may be mentioned the public market building for Halifax City
and the Science building for the Agricultural College at Truro, Xova
Scotia, both of which are nearing completion (March, 1916).
Mr. Dumaresq was married June 4, 1907, to Erestine Lorraine
458 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
McLellan, a daughter of Wilson Wesley McLellan and Fannie May
(Woodill) McLellan, of Halifax. To this union two children have
been born, namely : Jacqueline Marie, and Lucille Dunstone.
Politically, our subject is a Conservative. He is a member of
the Baptist Church. He belongs to the Board of Trade, the Histori-
cal Society, Canadian Club, Commercial Club, Halifax Club, Halifax
Golf Club, Waegwoltic Club; St. Andrew's Lodge, Xo. i, Ancient
Free and Accepted Masons, the Knights Templars, and the Ancient
Arabic Order of Xobles of the Mystic Shrine. He has attained the
thirty-second degree in Masonry.
THOMAS J. BROWX.
The record of the successful self-made man is always interesting
and instructive. There are a great many people abroad in the land
who would make a great deal more of their opportunities and become
useful citizens if they had the proper encouragement at the right
time. The life record of Thomas J. Brown, of Sydney Mines, Cape
Breton, is one that should be read with interest and profit by many
who have become discouraged on life's rugged highway, for we find
that Mr. Brown has forged his way to the front with but little out-
side assistance, and often in the face of obstacles.
Mr. Brown was born at Sydney Mines, Xova Scotia, January 21,
1867. Tie is a son of James and Margaret (Stephens) Brown, the
father a native of Sydney Mines, and the mother of Halifax, this
Province. The family has long been well known in the vicinity of
Sydney Mines, where our subject grew up and received his education
in tlie common schools, and here he entered his life work, faithfully
performing the tasks assigned him and rising from one position to
another until he has become general superintendent of the coal mines,
blast furnaces, steel furnaces, and the other works of the Xova Scotia
Steel and Coal Company at Sydney Mines. He is discharging the
duties of this responsible position in an able, faithful and acceptable
manner, being one of the company's most trusted and valued em-
ployees.
Mr. Brown was married on November 23, 1893, to Matilda Liv-
ingstone, a daughter of Daniel D. and Anne (Carlin) Livingstone, of
Sydney, and to this union nine children, seven sons and two daugh-
ters, have been born, named as follows : Margaret, Donald, Kenneth,
Robin, Hiram, Roland, Hugh, Harvey and Catherine.
Mr. Brown is a memljer of the Xova Scotia Mining Society, the
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 459
Canadian Society of Civil Engineers, the American Society of Mining
Engineers, and the Canadian Mining Institute. Religiously he is a
Presbyterian.
ALEXANDER HOWARD MAcKAY.
The life of the scholarly or professional man seldom exhibits any
of those striking incidents that seize upon public feeling and attract
attention to himself. 'His character is generally made up of the ag-
gregate qualities and qualifications he may possess, as these may be
elicited by the exercise of the duties of his vocation or the particular
profession to which he belongs. I Hit \vhen such a man has so im-
pressed his individuality upon his fellow men as to gain their con-
fidence and through that confidence rise to important public trust,
he becomes a conspicuous figure in the body politic of the community.
Alexander Howard MacKay, superintendent of education, has long
'been regarded as one of the scholarly and useful men of Xova Scotia.
Dr. MacKay was born at Alt. Halhousie, Pictou County, May
19, 1848, and is' a son of the late John and Barbara (McLean)
MacKay. The father was born in Southerlandshire, Scotland.
where he resided until 1822. when he immigrated to Xova Scotia,
where he established the permanent home of the family and spent
the rest of his life, becoming an influential and highly respected
citizen in his community.
Dr. MacKay was educated in Pictou Academy and the Provincial
Normal School from which he was graduated in 1866, then entered
Dalhousie University, Halifax, where he was graduated with the
degree of Bachelor of Arts, with honors in mathematics and physics,
in 1873. That institution conferred upon him the degree of Doctor
of Laws in 1892. He was graduated from the University of Halifax
in 1880 with the degree of Bachelor of Science, with honors in
biology. He received the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws in
1905 from St. Francis Xavier College, Antigonish.
In 1912 he was made an honorary colonel by His Royal High-
ness, the Governor General, in recognition of his organization of
the physical training system in the common schools and the cadet
system in the high schools of Nova Scotia in 1907 in affiliation with
the Dominion Department of Militia and Defence, which was the
occasion of Lord Strathcona's gift of $500,000 now forming the
Strathcona Trust for the further encouragement of such training in
the schools. A few years later all the Provinces of Canada adopted
460 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
the system and became also the beneficiaries of the Strathcona Trust
Fund.
Our subject was married in 1882 to Maude Augusta Johnstone,
oldest daughter of Dr. George Aloir Johnstone, of Pictou, Nova
Scotia. He became principal of the Annapolis County Academy
from 1873 to 1889, principal of Halifax Academy from 1889 to
1890, inclusive. He lectured at Dalhousie College and Halifax
Medical School from 1890 to 1898. Since 1891 he has been superin-
tendent of education for Xova Scotia, during which time he intro-
duced many progressive methods and discharged his duties conscien-
tiously and in a manner that has reflected credit upon himself, with
general satisfaction to the public.
Dr. MacKay was president of the Provincial Educational Asso-
ciation from 1874 to 1876, and later organized the summer school
of science for the Atlantic Provinces, of which he was president
from 1887 to 1888, inclusive. He also became vice-president and
afterwards president of the Dominion Educational Association, and
was honorary vice-president of the World's Educational Congress,
held in Chicago in 1893. He. was editor of the Dalhousie Gazette
from 1870 to 1873, and associate editor of the Acadian Scientist,
during the years 1884 and 1885, and assisted in founding the Edu-
cational Rci'icw at St. John, Xew Brunswick, in 1887, and he soon
proved that he was a versatile and polished writer of no mean
literary ability. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and
of the British Science Guild and a member of several scientific
societies of Britain and America. He is corresponding secretary of
the Xova Scotia Institute of Science, a member of the Geographical
and Biological Boards of Canada, president of the Victoria School
of Art and Design, Halifax. He was elected vice-president of the
Religious Educational Association in 1908, and became vice-president
of the Simplified Spelling Board in 1909. He was a delegate to the
Federal Conference on Education in London, England, in 1907. He
is a director of the Halifax Ladies' College, a governor of Dalhousie
University, a senator of the Halifax Presbyterian College, and he
has contributed to the Transactions of the Nova Scotia Institute of
Science, the Canadian Record of Science, and the Transactions of the
Royal Society of Canada. In a paper, printed in 1896, he advocated
"three great reforms" in connection with public education, namely:
the reform of our weights and measures so as to bring them under
the decimal system, the reform of English spelling, and instruction
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 461
in phonographic writing. He believes in the more complete organ-
ization of the British Empire, in the future federation of the English
speaking and governed peoples, and in the ultimate judicial organ-
ization of the world. Religiously he is a Presbyterian. He is a
member of the Canadian Club of Halifax, and the Halifax Club, and
the Royal Colonial Institute, and the Author's Club of London, Eng-
land. He is one of the most prominent educators of the present day
in Canada.
REGINALD V. HARRIS.
Mr. Harris was born in Londonderry, Colchester County, March
21, 1881, and is a son of Rev. Voorhees E. and Emma C. (Troop)
Harris. His father was born at Annapolis Royal in 1854, and his
mother at Granville Center in 1854. The latter is a daughter of the
late Hon. William B. Troop, member of the Legislative Assembly
for Annapolis County and a member without portfolio in the Holmes-
Thompson government.
Reginald V. Harris received his education in the public schools
and County Academy, Amherst, Nova Scotia, later at Trinity College
School, Port Hope, Ontario ; and Trinity University, Toronto, re-
ceiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts from the latter in 1902. He
holds the degree of Master of Arts from Toronto University, 1910,
and King's College, 1912, Windsor. He studied law in the office of
Harris, Henry & Cahan, and was admitted to the bar of Nova Scotia,
November 4, 1905. He removed to Winnipeg, Manitoba, in May,
1906, and was called to the Manitoba bar, June 27th and admitted
solicitor on November 26, 1906. He became a member of the firm
of Aikins, Robson & Company in that year, which partnership con-
tinued until in February, 1908, when he returned to Nova Scotia, to
become a member of the firm of Harris, Henry, Stairs & Harris,
which by; several changes in its personnel is now Henry. Rogers,
Harris & Stewart, one of the leading law firms of Eastern Canada.
Mr. Harris was married June 4,, 1907, to Ethel W. Smith, a
daughter of Edmund G. Smith and wife of Halifax. He has one
son, Reginald Gordon, torn November 28, 1911.
In religion he is a member of the Church of England ; he acted as
secretary of the Bicentenary Commemoration of 1910, is a represen-
tative of the Diocesian Synod of Nova Scotia, Provincial Synod of
(Eastern) Canada and General Synod of Canada.
Politically, Mr. Harris is a Conservative and has been active in
462 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
the affairs of his party. He was secretary and a member of the
executive committee of the Nova Scotia Liberal-Conservative Asso-
ciation from May, 1908, until January, 1913. He was alderman of
the City of Halifax from April, 1911, to April, 1913, and controller
from .April, 1913, to April, 1915.
During these years he was vice-president and a member of Union
Nova Scotia Municipalities. In educational work he served as Com-
missioner on the Halifax school toard from 1911-1914 (Chairman
1913-1914). He is a member and secretary of the board of man-
agement of King's College School ; also a governor and treasurer of
the University of King's College, Windsor. He was a meml)er of
the council of the Board of Trade, Halifax, from 1911 to 1914;
president of the Commercial Club of Halifax for 1914-15. He has
been president of Halifax Centre St. John Ambulance Association
since 1913.
Mr. Harris is author of "The Governance of Empire" (1910),
"The Organization of a Legal Business" (1910), "The Constitution
of the Canadian Church" (1916); also a numljer of articles on
educational, municipal and imperial topics which have appeared in
daily newspapers and magazines. He is a versatile and forceful
writer, possessing much natural literary ability.
JOHN HIGGINS.
The names of the old pioneers who braved the dangers and en-
dured the hardships of the early days in Nova Scotia, developing
farms by the hardest kind of work, so that we of the present genera-
tion might enjoy life the Ijetter, should be preserved on the pages of
history. John Higgins was one of these men, who with most of the
others of his type, is now a sleeper in "God's quiet acre." He mi-
grated to this Province with his wife and family in a very early day,
building a canoe and ascending the Musquodoboit River from its
mouth, and locating within five miles of what is now Middle Mus-
quodoboit, where he reared his family of six sons and two daughters;
the sons were named as follows : John, James, George, William,
Thomas, Robert. John Higgins acquired a large tract of land and
when his six sons grew up he gave each one a farm near his home,
and they all settled in that community and reared families of their
own, and they in turn gave farms to their children, the locality be-
coming known as the Higgins Settlement. The eldest son, John
Higgins, Jr., died at the age of seventy-nine years, and his wife.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 463
Sarah, died at the age of eighty-eight years. They were parents of
eight children, an equal number of sons and daughters, namely:
John, Simeon, James, George, Eliza, Sarah, Abigail and Janet.
Simeon, the second son, was born in 1810, married Lydia Brown,
who was born in Middle Musquodoboit in 181.2, and she died on
February 18, 1916, at the age of one hundred and three years.
Simeon's death occurred on the farm in 1887 at the age of seventy-
seven years, having spent his life on the homestead. His family
consisted of twelve children, namely: James died in California;
Sarah, John, Simeon are all living; George makes his home in the
state of Iowa; Archibald is deceased; William lives in Massachusetts;
Rebecca, Matilda, Colin are all living; Amas is deceased; Adeline is
the youngest of the family. John Higgins, the third child, was born
April 7, 1840, married Jessie Bryson, of Middle Musquodoboit, a
daughter of Adam Bryson, and to their union ten children were
born, namely: Sarah is married and living in Massachusetts; Rev.
Adam B. lives in Dartmouth ; Xora is married and living in Middle
Musquodoboit; Matthew lives in Halifax County; Archibald lives
in Alaska; Bessie lives in Middle Musquodoboit; Arabella lives in
Winnipeg, Canada: Xeil lives in Middle Musquodoboit; Arabella
lives in Winnipeg, Canada ; Xeil lives in Xew Glasgow ; Hattie and
Evelyn make their home in Middle Musquodoboit.
The Higgins famliy are members of the Methodist Church.
BISHOP AXGUS BERXARD MAcEACHERX.
Of the emigrants who settled on St. John's Island in 17/2, one
of the most distinguished was Hugh (Ban) MacEachern, who with
his wife and six children had crossed the ocean in search of a free
home. Hugh Ban was fairly easy of circumstances and consequently
settled on the east side of Savage Harbour, where some of his de-
scendants reside at the present day. Two of his children had re-
mained in Scotland ; Margaret, the eldest daughter who had been
married a short time previous, and Angus Bernard, the Benjamin of
the family, whom they left in care of Bishop Hugh Macdonald.
Angus Bernard was born at Kinloch Moidart, Scotland, on the
8th of February, 1859, and was consequently in his fourteenth year
when his parents came to America. When but a little boy. he at-
tracted the attention of Bishop Macdonald. His frank, open man-
ner, his piety and intelligence, pleased the observant Bishop, who
464 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
recognized in these good dispositions the budding signs of a divine
calling, and he besought the parents to leave him the boy, that he
might be sent to college. To this they consented, not without regret,
it is true. Angus Bernard therefore remained in Scotland, and was
sent to the Catholic college at Samlaman in the autumn of 1772.
Here he spent almost five years. When his primary studies were
completed, Angus Bernard set out for Spain and took up his classical
studies in the Royal Scots College at \ alladolid, in August, 1777.
Young MacEachern spent ten years in Spain. On the 2Oth of
August, 1/87, he was raised to the priesthood by Bishop Moreno, of
\ alladolid. Having said his first mass in the college chapel, he bade
adieu to companions and friends, and set out for his native land.
A I any changes had taken place in Scotland, since he had begun his
studies. The friend and patron of his early years, Bishop Hugh
Macdonald, had long since gone to his reward.
The young priest, eager to take up the burden of missionary
work, at once reported to the Bishop, and was assigned to a post of
duty in the Western Highlands; here he worked with such signal
success as to merit the favorable notice of the Bishop, who spoke of
him as a "valuable young man."
His mind, however, was not at rest. Thoughts of his manv
o ^
friends in St. John's Island were ever present to him. Thus in July,
1790, after pleading his cause, the Bishop yielded and he was given
a letter from Bishop Macdonald to the Bishop of Quel>ec. Father
MacKachern soon took leave of his native land and friends to join
his parents who had preceded him to St. John's Island eighteen years.
Dreary, indeed, was the prospect that unfolded to the gaze of
Father MacEachern, as he arrived in St. John's Island. It is true
a warm welcome awaited him, for the loving mother, who had parted
from him while he was yet a mere boy, was still living and yearning
to clasp him again to her heart. His father, too, freed from the re-
straint of petty landlordism, stood ready to extend him the hospitality
of the home he had succeeded in building up in the new country.
As soon as Father MacEachern had received faculties from
Father Jones, he entered on his missionary duties. Seeing no further
reason for delay, he assembled the people in the old church of Scoth-
fort, and having offered the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, he preached
in the native Gaelic the first sermon they had heard for years. Then,
having visited all the people of the neighborhood, he shouldered his
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 465
missionary pack, and set out to convey the consolations of religion to
the outlying settlements.
For some years he made his headquarters at Savage Harbour.
This was the usual starting point of his apostolic journeys, and
thither he returned, when wearied of his labors and travels, Early
in the summer of 1791, he laid the foundation of a large stone
house, on his father's farm, planned so as to serve the double purpose
of residence and chapel. A brother-in-law, Robert Maclnnis, who
was an expert mason, had charge of the building, and with the gener-
ous help of the people it was speedily completed. It contained two
principal divisions, of which one served as a residence for his father
and mpther, with whom he made his home, and the other he lilted
up for a chapel, in which he said A I ass and kept the Blessed Sacra-
ment for about ten years. This chapel, the old church of St. John's
at ' Scotchfort, and another tumbledown log-building at Malpeque
were the only places of Catholic worship in the whole island.
During his stay at Valladolid, he had acquired a fairly good
knowledge of the language of France; but he could not then foresee,
how children of that sunny clime, forsaken by their own in a foreign
land, would one day hang on his lips, as in broken accents he endeav-
oured to convey to them the consolations of our holy religion. Xo
wonder the Acadians. as well as the English speaking people, have
cherished his memory; for he was to both a true Apostle, a faithful
representative of the Divine Master. Xo wonder that in two years
after his arrival Father Jones, in a letter to the Bishop ot Quebec,
could say with truth: "Father MacFachern is adored by bis people."
In winter his skates and his snowshoes were bis constant com-
panions, without which he would not undertake any extended
journey. On his snowshoes and guided by the compass, he made his
way through the forest, always choosing the direct route to save
time and fatigue. In a few years be became so expert in this mode
of travel, that few could keep up with him on a tramp. If a river
rolled between him and his destination, and the ice was in good con-
dition, he would exchange his snowshoes for his skates, and speed
merrily on his way, tired nature rejoicing in a change of locomotion.
Later in life, when he was able to keep a horse, some of the
difficulties that attended his earlier journeys were removed. He
then went from place to place on horseback, but more frequently, if in
summer, in a two-wheeled vehicle, known in its day as "the yellow
(30)
466 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
gig." When the snow lay deep on the ground, the gig yielded its
place to a sleigh of rude construction, whose peculiar appearance
would in all probability, excite the risibilities of the present aesthetic
generation. It was a sort of mongrel contrivance, half boat and
half sleigh, not marred at all by the inconveniences of either, nor
blessed with all the advantages of both. Its lower part was composed
of runners and cross-bars like the ordinary sleigh. Upon this was
placed a boat about eight feet in length, built with his own hands,
which he fastened with light iron stays to the framework under-
neath. In this he placed his baggage, and having harnessed his
horse to the composite conveyance, he was ready to travel whither-
soever his duties called him. If the horse should happen to break
through the ice, the boat would float on the surface of the water,
and thus prevent bis luggage from being lost or injured by the wet.
Jlis first visit to Xova Scotia was during the summer of 1791,
when in May he heard confessions between Pictou and Merigomish.
Hence on .May i, 1793, he was able to write to his Bishop: "As to
the state of religion here, I can only say that we receive some con-
verts now and then, and that we have several under instruction; that
we have few or no public scandals, and that the people in general
are pretty observant of their duties and submissive to lawful
authority."
\\ hilst anxiously awaiting the assistance promised, Father Mac-
Kachern resumed the spiritual care of the people on the Mainland.
Besides the annual visit made about Easter time, he frequently went
over to visit the sick. He usually crossed the Strait in an open boat,
landing sometimes at Pictou, but oftener at Arisaig, where a small
church had been built some years previous. This was the usual start-
ing-point of his missionary journeys on the Mainland, which, in
most instances, were only tiresome repetitions of his many excursions
in St. John's Island. For over five years this additional burden lay
upon him. until relieved by the arrival at Arisaig of Rev. Alexander
Macdonald in 1802.
As early as May, 1815, Father MacEachern was assigned a large
field in Cape Breton first visiting Mainadieu twenty miles from
Sydney, and from here he went by sea to Louisbourg. He continued
to work in Nova Scotia and Cape Breton until appointed Bishop,
January 12. 1819. Known as Bishop of Rosen for district of New
Brunswick, Cape Breton and Prince Edward Island. On Sunday,
June 17, 1821, he received episcopal consecration in the church of
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 467
St. Roch, Quebec, amid ceremonies which for pomp and splendor had
never been excelled in the history of the Church in Canada. After
a short stay in Quebec, Bishop MacEachern returned to his rlock
in Prince Edward Island. Heretofore a simple priest, sharing in all
the privations of the people whom he served, he is now a Bishop,
invested with new claims to the veneration of the faithful, and
adorned in a higher degree with the prerogatives and powers of the
Divine Master. But though a Bishop, he is the same gentle, unas-
suming servant of God. He still continued to perform the duties
of missionary priest throughout the English-speaking missions of
Prince Edward Island, besides doing the episcopal work, which be-
longed by office to the Bishop of Quebec, in a region comprising
Prince Edward Island, the Magdalen Islands and the entire Province
of Xew Brunswick.
The beginning of the year 1X35 found Bishop MacEachern gradu-
ally succumbing to the infirmities of age. The splendid health that
he had hitherto enjoyed was now considerably impaired, still he does
not desist from active labor. "1 must, at my advanced age," he
writes, ''after hard labor for forty- four years and seven months in
this island and adjacent coasts, serve a mission as well as the young
gentlemen on the island do."
A few days later, the Bishop started on his Easter visit to the
missions of King's County, and proceeded toward East Point by
way of St. Peter's. At this latter place he put up at the house of
Mr. Duglad Maclsaac, where he was accustomed to hold a station,
as there was yet no church in the settlement. \Yhen he arrived on
this occasion, the people gathered in as usual, and he was kept busy
hearing confessions throughout the afternoon. Xext morning he
again heard confessions, said Mass, and preached a Gaelic sermon.
When Mass was finished, the greater number of the people retired to
their homes; but not a few remained to take breakfast at the hospit-
able home of Mr. Maclsaac. After the morning meal had been
despatched, a daughter of the family, who had been serving the
guests, sat down to take a hurried breakfast and suddenly noticed
that his speech began to fail, and she was about to raise from the
table, when she heard a dull thud, as the Bishop losing his balance
fell helpless to the floor, stricken with paralysis.
He rallied somewhat, however, and by signs manifested a desire
of being taken home; which desire was sorrowfully and reluctantly
granted.
468 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
They carried him on his bed to a sleigh, in which he was con-
veyed down the ice to the mouth of the harbour, and thence by the
sea-ice to Canavoy. On their arrival at their destination they carried
the dying prelate to his room, where he lingered in a semi-conscious
state till Wednesday, the 22nd of April, when he laid down the bur-
den of his arduous life and entered into eternal rest.
The funeral service was held at St. Andrew's, after which all
that was mortal of the saintly Bishop MacEachern was laid to rest
under the sanctuary of the church, whose building cost him years of
anxiety, and which, by the decrees of Divine Providence, was destined
to serve as his first monument.
JOSEPH ALLISOX.
Joseph Allison, of St. John, Xew Brunswick, is the son df
William and Lucy ( Rathbone) Allison, natives of Xova Scotia.
The death of the father occurred March i, 1851, and the mother
died in her eighty-seventh year. He was the son of John Allison,
who was born in Ireland in 1/53, the latter being the son of Joseph
Allison, who was born in Ireland in 1/20, the son of William Alli-
son, who was the son of John Allison, born in 1652. The four
generations were born at or near Limavady, Londonderry County,
Ireland. John Allison, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch,
came to Xova Scotia when sixteen years old with his father, Joseph,
who was the founder of the Allison family in Xova Scotia, and
settled at Horton in 1769, where he resided until 1804. He then
removed to Xewport. Hants County, and was a trader in his earlier
career, but later in life a farmer. Besides being a magistrate, he
for many years represented Hants County in the Provincial Legis-
lature.
Joseph Allison, of this sketch, was born at Woodside, Xewport,
Nova Scotia, July i, 1840. He received his education in the com-
mon schools, and when nine years old he went to live with his
brother, Rev. John Allison, at Woodstock, Xew Brunswick, and
three years later removed to St. John, where he has since resided.
When thirteen years old he began clerking in a dry goods store and
continued until 1866, when he engaged in business for himself, in
partnership with James Manchester and James F. Robertson, under
the firm name of Manchester, Robertson & Allison, and our subject
has been active in mercantile pursuits ever since and has met with
pronounced success. For over fifty years the firm has conducted a
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 469
retail as well as wholesale business, which has grown to be the largest
of its kind in the Maritime Provinces.
On August 3, 1871, Mr. Allison married Helen Matilda Scam-
mell, a daughter of Joseph Scammell, of St. John, New Brunswick.
Her father was born August 9, 1806, in Wiltshire, England. Her
mother, Fanny Matilda Chute, was a native of Digby, Nova Scotia.
She was born November 10, 1807. The birth of Mrs. Allison oc-
curred at St. John, March 25th, 1847, an( l here she grew to woman-
hood, was educated and spent her life. She died February 7, 1910.
The following three children have l>een born to our subject -and wife:
Walter Gushing, Helen Gertrude, William Scammell. The daughter
died February 26, 1900.
Politically, Mr. Allison is a Liberal, but not a biased partisan.
He is a member of the Methodist Church and his generosity to it
and its institutions, as well as to all good works in the community,
and his public spiritedness throughout his many years of residence in
St. John deserves especial mention. In this respect it should be
recorded that for over fifteen year?; he gave unstintingly of effort as
well as large amounts of money toward, and 1 was the leading spirit
in the establishment of Rockwood Park in St. John, a beautiful
tract of over six hundred acres of land, on heights north of the city,
which has become the playground of the citizens largely through his
instrumentality.
BENJAMIN DKWOLF FRASER. M. D.
Nova Scotia has given to the medical profession some of her
brightest sons and some of her noblest characters. None take a
higher place in the roll of honor than Dr. Benjamin DeWolf Fraser,
who practiced medicine and exemplified the life of the gentleman,
the upright citizen and the kindly physicinn in Windsor for upwards
of forty years. In all that time no call for his professional services
ever went unheeded, neither did the poverty nor the riches of the
applicant guide the kindly impulse of his heart or head, but all were
patients, and patients only needing his skill and care. "Nor snow
nor rain nor gloom of night delayed this faithful messenger on his
swift appointed rounds." Speak his name today in country farm
house or town residence and you will call up some tradition handed
down from the past generation to this of his unselfish devotion to
those under his care. Truth, justice, honor and self-sacrifice were
exemplified in his everyday life. There is a line chiseled on his
47O HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
monument in the cemetery at Windsor that sums up his life and
character: "A noble man."
Benjamin DeWolf Eraser, M. D., F. R. C. S., was the son of the
Hon. James Fraser, a Cadet of the family of Fraser, of Lovet,
Farraline, Inverness-shire, Scotland, and who came to Nova Scotia
in 1780, and for many years was a prominent business man in Hali-
fax and one of the most distinguished members of the North-British
Society of that city. Fie was a member of the Executive Council of
Nova Scotia the old Council of Twelve under Lord Dalhousie.
Doctor Fraser was born in Halifax, March 4, 1812, and was
educated at the Collegiate School and King's College, Windsor, and
the first nonconformist admitted without subscribing to the 39 arti-
cles. He afterwards studied medicine with Dr. William Almon, of
Halifax. Subsequently he took a full medical course in the Univer-
sity of Edinburgh and secured his degree in 1833. From Edinburgh,
Dr. Fraser went to Heidelberg, where he studied medicine and sur-
gery for six months. Returning to Nova Scotia in 1834 he settled in
Windsor and practised medicine there until his death. Dr. Fraser
was married three times. First to Harriet Fraser, daughter of Dr.
Alexander Fraser, of London, G. B., who died at Windsor without
issue. Second to Elizabeth Coster, daughter of R. I. Coster, Esq.,
M. D.. Devonshire, G. B., who died in Windsor without issue. Third
to Elizabeth, daughter of Hon. Joseph Allison, of Halifax, N. S.,
and Ann. his wife. Issue, seven sons and seven daughters.
Dr. Fraser was the first captain of the Windsor Rifles; was after-
wards the first captain of the company and surgeon in the Seventy-
eighth Battalion. Dr. Fraser was a warm supporter of Freemasonry.
When a young man and while pursuing his medical studies at Edin-
burgh, he was initiated into the mysteries of Freemasonry in Cannon-
gate Kilwinning Lodge, No. 2, St. John's Chapel. He was also a
Royal Arch Mason and a Knight Templar and a member of Wels-
ford Lodge, Windsor.
Dr. Eraser's home Gerrish Hall was noted for its hospitality
and for years many distinguished guests were entertained there,
among others the Marquis of Lome.
On the afternoon of July 4, 1888, the long and honored life of
Dr. Benjamin DeWolf Fraser was closed in death; brave and cour-
ageous to the end, beloved by the whole countryside and mourned
sincerely. He was buried with both Masonic and military honors.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 471
REV. BYRON CRANE BORDEN, D. D.
One of the most conspicuous figures in the Methodist church in
the Maritime Provinces is the Rev. Byron Crane Borden, a widely
known educationist of Sackville, New Brunswick. He is a man who
has striven for efficiency and has endeavored to faithfully discharge
the duties, entrusted to him, with little thought of personal fame or
wealth.
He was born at Avonport, Nova Scotia, November 27, 1850, and
is the scion of a prominent old family of this Province. He is a
son of George N. and Miriam (Crane) Borden, the latter a daughter
of Col. -Joseph Crane, for many years a well-known citizen of Hor-
ton, Nova Scotia. Perry Borden, the great-grandfather of our sub-
ject, settled at Cornwallis, Nova Scotia, in 1/59, on lands formerly
occupied by the expelled Acadians. From that early day to the
present time the family name has been a familiar one in eastern
Canada, most of the Bordens in Canada being the descendants of his
eleven sons.
Rev. Byron C. Borden received his education at Acacia Villa,
Horton, and at Mount Allison University, the latter institution con-
ferring upon him the degrees of Bachelor of Arts in 1878, Master
of Arts in 1886. and Doctor of Divinity in 1893. Before entering
college he taught in the public schools of Nova Scotia for four years.
He was ordained in 1878, labored in Bermuda Islands from 1878 to
1880, and was pastor of a church at Acadia, Nova Scotia, from
1880 to 1883. For two years ending June, 1885. he was pastor of
Brunswick Street Methodist Church, Halifax, at which date he was
appointed to the principalship of Mount Allison Ladies' College, New
Brunswick. This position he held from 1885 to 1911. when he was
made president of Mount Allison University.
He occupied the chair of English language and literature from
1886 to 1888, at which latter date he was made professor of Political
Economy, which position he still retains. During his principalship
of the Ladies' College, the Conservatory of Music was erected, the
Owens Art collection, consisting of four hundred works of art, ac-
quired, and the Owens Art Building was erected.
Among the latter additions made to the plant of the Ladies'
College during his administration may be named the Annex, the
Jarius Hart Hall, and the Charles Fawcett Memorial Hall. The two
former were built of brick and stone at a cost of about $50,000 each,
472 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
and are designed to make a permanent part of a new Ladies' College
to be erected later.
During his principalship the attendance of the Ladies' College
was more than trebled. Both Doctor and Mrs. Borden are senators
of the University. He has given eminent satisfaction in the respon-
sible position which he fills and has done much to increase the effi-
ciency and prestige of that noted institution.
Dr. Borden was married in June, 1880, to Alice S. Bluck, a lady
of culture and educational attainments, and a daughter of William
Bluck, an influential citizen of Hamilton, Bermuda.
Dr. Borden is a thoroughly practical man, vitally interested in
the truths of his subjects, and is well versed in the national questions
of the day.
As an evidence in his interest in public affairs it may be worthy
of note that in 1904 he organized the Westmoreland County Elec-
toral Reform League and has continued to fill the office of president
of that organization to the present time.
SAMUEL MORRIS WEEKS, M. D.
Dr. Samuel Morris Weeks, who practiced medicine in Newport,
Hants Countv, for nearly sixtv vears, was in many ways one of the
J J J J J ->
most unique members of the medical profession in Nova Scotia.
With a personality, a mental ability, a polished manner and a depth
of learning that would have won him a leading position in the pro-
fession in great cities, he remained all his professional life in the vil-
lage of Newport, commanding a wide area of country practice with
its exacting round of hard daily toil. Dr. Weeks was one of a bril-
liant family and was hirwself possessed of a mental equipment that
made itself felt by all with whom he came in contact. Better than
his mental endowment was his moral worth. His word was trusted
by all who knew him and his honor was more precious to him than
his professional reputation. Dr. Weeks was particularly kind and
sympathetic with the young members of the profession, and it is
remarked of him that no one ever heard him speak a disparaging
word of a fellow practitioner. Outside of his medical studies, Dr.
Weeks read widely and with remarkable memory of the best English
literature of this and past generations. Shakespeare, Bacon, Carlyle,
Emerson were his familiar friends by reading, while Scott and
Thackery and Dickens were among his literary immortals.
In 1903, when Dr. Weeks had completed his fiftieth year in the
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 473
practice of medicine, his fellow practitioners in Hants County gath-
ered at his residence and presented him with an illuminated address
and a silver service. Dr. D. McN. Parker, Dr. John Stewart, and
Dr. M. A. Curry, all of Halifax, asked to be allowed to take part in
this address and presentation, to mark their appreciation and respect
of one whom they had known and honored so long and well.
Dr. Samuel Morris Weeks was born at Sydney, Nova Scotia, and
was a son of the Rev. Otto Schwartz Weeks, and was a descendant
of Dr. John Weeks, who came over in the Mayflower.
Dr. Weeks began the study of medicine in the office of Dr. W. B.
Almon, later Senator Almon, of Halifax, going from there to com-
plete his studies at the College of Physicians and Surgeon*, New
York, from which he was graduated in 1853, and immediately after-
wards took the practice of the late Dr. Hooper, of Newport, whose
daughter he married.
In August, 1911, ripe and full of years, he was gathered to his
fathers, honored and respected by all who knew him. Such a com-
pany as gathered to pay their last respects and tribute to their be-
loved dead was rarely seen in Newport. To have known him inti-
mately was a privilege and an enjoyment.
REV. WILLIAM J. FOLKY, D. D.
As a man of ability, sturdy integrity and usefulness, and as a
representative citizen of the utmost loyalty, Rev. Dr. William J.
Foley, of Halifax, one of the leading Catholic clergymen of eastern
Canada, merits consideration by his fellow men, and his life record
is deserving of a place in this publication, which touches the careers
of many of those worthy men who have given to and sustained the
moral, civic and general prosperity and precedence of our country
and its institutions.
Dr. Foley is of Irish extraction, and is a son of the late Maurice
F. Foley, for many years a well-known citizen of Halifax, in which
city our subject was born August 23, 1867, and here he grew to
manhood and received his education in St. Patrick's School, later
attended the Quebec Seminary, then catered Laval University, from
which institution he was graduated in 1889, with the degree of
Doctor of Divinity, and he was ordained in 1889. He was succes-
sively assistant at Yarmouth, and at St. Mary's Cathedral, Halifax,
and was parish priest at Tusket Wedge and Parrsborough. He is
now rector of St. Mary's Cathedral, Halifax, and is popular with
474 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
his congregation. He was a delegate to the Irish Convention at
Dublin, Ireland, in 1896, and later went to Rome on a special mis-
sion. He was spiritual director of the Catholic Mutual Benefit Asso-
ciation, of Halifax, for some time. He has been very active in the
temperance cause for many years and has done effective work in this
field. He has long been an editorial contributor to the Catholic Rec-
ord of London, Ontario, and other religious publications, and his
writings show versatility, wide education and pronounced literary
ability. He has always taken an interest in whatever made for the
betterment and growth of his native city, and he was the first vice-
president of the Greater Halifax Central Conference. One of the
leading newspapers of his home city recently said of him: "A strong
man in every sense of the term."
JOHX PR YOU CHIFMAX.
l-'or forty years John Pryor Chipman, of Kentville, has been
regarded as one of the leading legal lights of Kings County, being
now judge of the county court. He is profoundly versed in all
phases- of jurisprudence and his decisions are ever marked by fair-
ness as well as justice. He is a singularly sincere, honest and inde-
pendent personality.
Judge Chipman was born at Pleasant Valley, Kings County, on
March 21, 1848. He is a son of Rev. William A. Chipman, of
Chipman Corner, that county. His mother. Eliza Chipman, was a
daughter of Thomas Holmes Chipman, who was a son of William
Alline Chipman. The progenitor of this family in America was
born at Bryans-Piddle, near Dorchester, England, in 1614. Being
left an orphan, he sailed for Boston in the Friendship, reaching the
shores of the New World July 14. 1631. He became prominent in
the Plymouth Colony, was deputy in court, with power of a magis-
trate. His family consisted of eleven children, and from them the
large number of descendants of this family in America sprung. The
second son was John Shipman. who held a number of offices in
Massachusetts, and later in Rhode Island. His seventh son, Handley
Chipman, became a magistrate, and in 1753 a deputy in the Rhode
Island General Assembly. He came to Nova Scotia in 1761 or 1762,
was a justice of the peace and judge of the probate at Cornwallis.
holding the latter office until his death. On April 24, 1740, he mar-
ried Jane Allare, a daughter of Col. Jonathan and Margaret (Homes)
Chipman, of Martha's Vineyard. He was born August 31, 1717, and
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 475
died May 27, 1799. His fifth son, William Allen Chipman, was
born at Newport, Rhode Island, November 8, 1757, and died Decem-
ber 26, 1846. He lived in Annapolis, Nova Scotia, and from 1799
to 1826 he was a member of the House of Assembly, a judge of the
Inferior Court and held other positions of trust. In 1788 he mar-
ried Ann Osborn, a daughter of Samuel Osborn, of St. John, New
Brunswick, and to this union six children were born, the eldest son
being the father of the subject of this sketch.
The Rev. William A. Chipman was born at Cornwallis, but spent
most of his life in Pleasant Valley, Kings County, where he cleared
and improved a farm of three hundred acres, and was successful in
his various vocations. He was one of the leading pioneer preachers
in that locality, also attended to a great deal of legal business there,
and he was often called upon to take the place of a doctor. He was
a leader in his community and was very highly esteemed as a man
and citizen. His death occurred in July, 1865. He was twice mar-
ried and was the father of twenty-one children. His first wife was a
Miss Osborne. The subject of this sketch was by his second wife
and was the twentieth child.
Judge John P. Chipman received his elementary education in
Kentville. When seven years of age he went to live with his mother's
brother, Winckworth Chipman, who was a son of Homes Chipman.
After spending one term in Horton Academy and two terms in
Acaclia University, he began reading law in the office of C. W. H.
Harris, later T. W. Harris, and was admitted to the bar in 1869.
He became the junior partner of Mr. Harris, under the firm name
of Harris & Chipman, and after the death of Mr. Harris, in 1876.
he continued to practice alone, enjoying a large clientage and taking
a place in the front rank of the bar of Kings County, which he con-
tinued to occupy until his appointment as judge of the County Court,
District No. 4, which covers Kings, Hants and Colchester counties.
He has discharged his duties in a satisfactory manner.
Judge Chipman was married on June 10, 1875, to Susan M.
Brown, of Windsor, Hants County, a daughter of Robert and Mar-
garet Brown, of Halifax, Nova Scotia.
The following children have been born to the Judge and wife:
Alice K. is the wife of Chester M. Laing, of Pittsburgh, Pennsyl-
vania; Arthur Haliburton Chipman lives in Vancouver, British Col-
umbia; Nora T. is at home: Harold C.. inspector for the Eastern
Steel Company, lives in New Glasgow; Jack R. H. is attending the
476 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Institute of Technology in Halifax; Murray T. is a student in Aca-
dia University.
Frank Beverly Allen Chipman, who is the second child in order
of birth, was born in Kentville, September 2, 1877, and there grew
to manhood and attended the public schools. He then entered Aca-
dia University, from which institution he was graduated in due time,
then became a student in the law department of Dalhousie Univer-
sity, from which he was graduated. After being admitted to the bar
he began the practice of his profession in Pictou. where he remained
a year, then joined J. C. Douglas at Glace Bay, Cape Breton, where he
continued to practice until returning to Pictou and became junior
partner in the firm of McDonald, Ives & Chipman, and is now one
of the leading barristers of that place. He was married to Isabella
Chisholm, of Pictou County, and to this union three children have
been born.
EDWARD BORDEN NEWCOMB.
Beginning in a comparatively humble position in life, Edward Bor-
den Xewcomb, one of the enterprising merchants of Kentville, Kings
County, has made his way to a place of substance and honor entirely
through his own efforts and yet he has not considered his private
interests only, but rather has given greater consideration to the pub-
lic welfare, for which he has ever been ready to make sacrifices.
Air. Xewcomb was born at Sheffield Mills, Kings County, March
25, 1865. He is a son of David Barnaby Xewcomb. who was born
September 6. 1827, in Cormvallis, Kings County. On September 12,
1855, he married Lucella Borden, a daughter of Edward and Abigail
(Eaton) Borden. She was born October 6, 1832. David B. Xew-
comb owned a half interest in the farm on which his father and
grandfather had previously resided. He taught school several year*
and afterwards engaged in farming. He was a justice of the peace,
having been commissioned on May ?8, 1863. He was also commis-
sioned major of the Second Kings County Militia, September 18,
1863. He was a well-informed man and wrote essays and delivered
lectures, which were finally published under the title "How to Win;
or the Dignity of Labor." He was one of the leading citizens of his
locality for many years. His father, Capt. John Newcomb, was born
in Cornwallis, September 8, 1795. He was apprenticed on board a
ship at the age of fourteen, and became a captain and skillful navi-
gator, but retired from the sea at the age of twenty-six to engage in
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 477
farming at Cornwallis, continuing twenty years, when he bought a
vessel and again took up a seafaring life, lie was an invalid for
eight years previous to his death, which occurred October 23, 1852.
He was the son of Benjamin Newcomb, who was born in Clumbia,
Connecticut, February 22, 1/53, and when seven years of age re-
moved with his parents to Cornwallis, Nova Scotia, where he grew
to manhood and became a farmer, owning three hundred acres of
land. He was a good manager and prospered, his estate being worth
seventy-two thousand dollars at the time of his death. He was
talented in .music and was also a poet, but a contemporary verse
writer got credit for his splendid work, for he purloined -Mr. Xew-
comb's verse and published it as his own. He was the second son
and child of a family of eleven children. John Xewcomb was born
in Columbia, Connecticut, July 29, 1720. He and his father. John
Xewcomb, Sr., sold their lands in Connecticut for live hundred and
fifty pounds, March 10, 1760, and removed to Cornwallis, Xova
Scotia, arriving there October I2th of that year. He was one of the
original grantees of the Township of Cornwallis in 1761, and re-
ceived several lots of land. He became one of the leading citizens
of this locality. All these Xewcombs are descendants of Capt. An-
drew Xewcomb, an early settler in Xew Kngland. His death oc-
curred in 1686. The foregoing was taken from a genealogical me-
moir of the Xewcomb family, compiled and published bv fohn Perse
Newcomb, of KIgin, Illinois, iw 1874, in which many illustrious
names appear, among which is that of I'rof. Simon Xewcomb, born in
Wallace, Xova Scotia, March 12. 1825. He became one of the
world's greatest mathematicians aid astronomers. He was for some
time in the employ of the United States government in the Xaval
Observatory at Washington, D. C.
Edward B. Xewcomb, of this sketch, spent his boyhood in his
native locality and received his education in the Cornwallis district
schools. Afterwards he took a course in the Bryant and Stratton
Business College at Boston, Massachusetts. Upon his return home
he joined his brother, Frederick Barnaby X T ewcomb, and they opened
their present business in 1873, under the firm name of F. B. New-
comb & Company. They erected their present substantial and com-
modious quarters in 1903, and they conduct a ladies' furnishing es-
tablishment, also house furnishings, and, by good management and
industry they now have one of the leading business houses in Kings
County and do a large and growing business.
478 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Mr. Newcomb was married November 20, 1913, to Mabel E.
Outerbridge, a daughter of the Rev. W. A. Outerbridge, who spent
most of his pastorate in Nova Scotia, although he was a native of
Bermuda, and was for some time engaged in business there, but
gave up the same to study for the ministry. He is now located in
Nappan, Nova Scotia. To our subject and wife one child has been
born Howard Borden Newcomb.
Mr. and Mrs. Newcomb are members of the Methodist Church.
He lias long taken an active part in temperance work, and for the
past se\-en years he has been president of the Kings County Tem-
perance Alliance.
REV. HENRY DESPARD DEBLOIS.
Realizing that "all flesh shall perish together, and men shall
turn again unto dust," we are naturally inspired with the desire that
we may be remembered after death; that after our earthly remains
shall have been laid away to sleep throughout the silent centuries yet
to come, we are fed by the hope that some human heart that yet
beats may cherish a memory of us, may yearn for one touch of ''a
vanished hand and the sound of a voice that is still." Prompted by
such feelings we come to chronicle the lamented death of the late
Rev. Despard DeBlois, of Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia. He had
an ancestry of which his family may well be proud and he evidently
inherited many of their sterling and commendable traits. He was a
son of William Minet DeBlois, a prominent merchant, and the
mother was known in her maidenhood as Jane Vermilye Pryor, of
Halifax. For an admirable account of the family the reader is
referred to Dr. Eaton's splendid "History of King's County." This
family was descended from the Counts of Blois in Normandy, who
gave a king to England.
Dr. Henry D. DeBlois was torn in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Octo-
ber 13, 1830, but was not baptized until November 10, 1831. After
receiving his preliminary education in the public schools of his native
city, he entered King's College, Windsor, in 1847, and left college
after passing his examinations for the degree of Bachelor of Arts,
with honors, in June, 1850. Soon thereafter he took charge of the
Academy at Annapolis Royal, where, notwithstanding his youth, he
taught with great success, until having reached the full canonical age
of twenty-three. He was ordained Deacon, December 21, 1853. He
resided, exercising the functions of the sacred ministry in Antigua,
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 479
West Indian, St. Stephen, New Brunswick, and other places abroad
several years. Returning to Nova Scotia he was rector of Granville
about seventeen years, from 1860 to 1876. He was rector at Bridge-
town two years, and then became the first rector of the Parish of
Rosette, holding that office until his superannuation in the autumn of
1900. He continued to officiate often there and elsewhere voluntar-
ily so long as his strength held out, for he loved the various duties
of the ministry and was reluctant to give them up.
He was Rural Dean of the Deanery of Annapolis many years.
He was commissioner of schools for the County of Annapolis and
chairman of the board for nearly half a century, and was deeply
interested in education, and was especially a warm friend and liberal
supporter of King's College, and promoter and supporter of the
Church School for Girls. He was a splendid classical scholar, and
as a recognition of his services in 1 the cause of education as well as
his ripe scholarship and literary ability, the honorary degree of D.
C. L. was conferred on him by his university toward the latter part
of his life. Besides a short "History of the Church in Annapolis
Royal" he wrote, in his earlier years, several pamphlets and short
treaties. He was very high up in the Masonic Order, being per-
manent Grand Chaplain for Nova Scotia and High Priest of the
Royal Arch Chapter. As a Christian minister in the sick room and
by the bedside of the dying he was at his Ijest as a model pastor ; as
a churchman he was essentially and truly a no-party man, and held
strictly to the old Church of England doctrine concerning the Pres-
ence in the Lord's Supper, not regarding that sacred rite as a sacri-
ficial offering on the one hand, nor degrading it into a mere rite on
the other, nor did he in his ministrations by attitude or posture en-
courage any other view than that reasserted by the great English
reformers as the pure and primitive doctrine. Thus he retained the
confidence of his people and there was never any dissatisfaction or
party divisions in his parishes. He was a regular and diligent at-
tendant at the Diocesan Synod in Halifax and the Encaenia and
other yearly meetings at Windsor. He was in private and public an
earnest and conscientious, and at the same time temperate advocate
of temperance.
Dr. DeBlois was twice married, first, to Eleanor Esmond Spnrr,
of Bridgetown, Nova Scotia, who died in 1888. He subsequently
married Margaret McLachlin, of Lunenburg, now living in the old
home. Two sons, William M. and Frederick C., survive him; they
480 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
both live abroad; also a daughter, Mrs. Charles McCormick, of An-
napolis. He is also survived, out of a family of nine, by a brother,
Dr. Louis G. DeBlois, of Bridgetown.
The death of Dr. DeBlois occurred June 6, 1911. His funeral
was conducted with impressive ceremonies of the Church of England
and the Masonic Order, and was attended by a large concourse of
people. After the usual services at St. Luke's church, conducted
by the Rector, assisted by Rev. F. P. Greatorex, the cortege pro-
ceeded to the Round Hill Cemetery, where the interment tooK place,
with Masonic ceremonies, conducted by the Grand Master of the
Annapolis, K. B. McDaniel and Chaplain Rev. Porter-Shirley. A
number of members of the Rothsay Lodge of. Bridgetown met the
cortege at Round Hill and joined in the service. Among the numer-
ous floral tributes was a beautiful wreath from the Grand Lodge of
Nova Scotia, a tribute of respect to one of high standing in their
noble order, having served a term as Grand Master of the Grand
Lodge of Xova Scotia, and having had the honorable distinction
some years ago of being appointed permanent Chaplain of the Grand
Lodge, as related in a preceding paragraph.
The following appreciation of our subject was written by an old
friend of Dr. DeBlois at Champlain. Xew York, and was printed in
The Spectator of Annapolis Royal, under date of September 13,
i () i i :
"It is only a few days since I learned of the death of Rev. Dr.
DeBlois. His death was. I know, a sorrow to all to whom he had
ministered, and who had felt the warmth of his friendship. His
presence was always a help and encouragement.
"His life was one to exult in, even for those friends who must
be sad now at the thought of
" 'The human hearted man they loved
A spirit, not a breathing voice.'
"He was above all a pastor, a shepherd, serving with humility
and faithfulness, often through great discouragement. Once, during
the long, patient years as missionary on the Liverpool road, a bishop
asked him why he refused higher offices in the church. He answered
with the words of Christ, The poor have the gospel preached unto
them!'
"Those who came under the influence of his personality and knew
the extent of his service, feel gratitude, appreciation and affection
SALLY PORT. FOHT ANNE. KM:!. ANNAPOLIS ROYAL.
POWDER MAGAZINE. FOKT ANNE. 1G4:>. ANNAPOLIS ROYAL.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 481
for him. All his life in simplicity and sincerity, he fulfilled the vow
of his ordination : 'To maintain and set forward quietness, peace and
love among all Christian people."
RUFUS EDWARD DICKIE.
A diversity of interests claim the attention of Rufus Edward
Dickie, of Stewiacke, Colchester County, but lumbering and saw-
milling have been his principal lines, and of recent years he has
added fishing and shipping. He has succeeded in each line of endea-
vor, to which he has turned his attention, partly because he has ever
been prompted by honest motives and a spirit of fairness, believing in
carrying the sublime principles of the Golden Rule into all relations
of life.
Mr. Dickie is a native of that section of Nova Scotia and has
been content to speml his life in his native vicinity, therefore is
familiar with local conditions. He was born in Upper Stewiacke,
June 6, 1886, and is a son of Alfred and Alice A. Dickie, natives of
Upper Stewiacke and Canard, Kings County, respectively. The fam-
ily is of Scotch-Irish extraction, and has been in Xova Scotia for
about four generations. These parents grew up, were educated and
married in this Province and have always lived here. They now re-
side in Halifax, where the father is engaged in the shipping busi-
ness, having for years been a very extensive lumber manufacturer
and dealer in this Province ; in fact, at one time he was probably the
largest manufacturer and shipper of lumber in Nova Scotia. He is
one of the men of large affairs here and is widely and favorably
known throughout the Maritime Provinces. Politically, he advocates
the Liberal party and has been influential in the same for a number
of years. For a considerable period he held the office of justice of
the peace; in fact, is still incuml>ent of this office. He is a man of
sound judgment, and keen intellect, and is highly educated, having re-
ceived his degree of Master of Arts at Dalhousie University. He
is a member of the Colchester County school board, which position
he has held for a number of years, during which he has done much
to encourage better methods of instruction in the public schools
there. He was also the first mayor of Stewiacke, elected by accla-
mation and he continued in office until he removed to Halifax. He
did much for the general welfare and development of that town.
He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and while living at
(3*)
482 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Stewiacke was an elder in the same and active in the work of the
church.
Rufus E. Dickie grew to manhood in his native town, and at-
tended the public schools of Stewiacke, later studied in the Academy
at Halifax and Dalhousie University, from which institution he was
graduated in 1907 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. After leav-
ing school he at once entered upon a business career, and, evidently
inheriting many of the commendable traits of his father, he was suc-
cessful from the first and, as might have been expected, his rise has
been rapid. For two years he was resident manager of The Alfred
Dickie Lumber Company at Stewiacke, then, in 1909, he engaged
in the lumber business for himself, operating in Colchester and Hali-
fax counties on an extensive scale, running several saw mills, manu-
facturing and shipping about three million feet of lumber annually
to English, American and West Indies markets, and at present his
output is upwards of five million feet annually. He was brought up
in the lumber business, is familiar with every phase of the same and
has been very successful in this, his chosen field of endeavor, from
the first when he began operating on his own account. In addition he
is also engaged in the fish business at Tangier, Halifax County, and
in 1915 handled upwards of one thousand quintals of cod and scale
fish, of which a considerable portion were manufactured into a bone-
less product, the balance being shipped in a green state to the Ameri-
can markets. He also operates a fine farm near the town of
Stewiacke, on which he grows hay and beef for his lumbering opera-
tions. To help out his lumbering interests he has entered the ship-
ping field, and is the owner of three sailing vessels. He has agents
in foreign markets, and, being a shipper as well as a manufacturer,
he handles his products in a different manner to most who are simi-
larly engaged. He owns and drives his own automobile, from which
he derives much pleasure.
Mr. Dickie was married January 5, 1911, to Ellen E. Gould, a
daughter of Matthew and Ellen (Ervin) Gould, a highly respected
family of Stewiacke, Colchester County. Mrs. Dickie was educated
in Halifax, where she lived several years prior to her marriage. To
this union one child has been born Alice Stewart Dickie.
Fraternally, Mr. Dickie belongs to the Masonic Order, Lodge No.
43, of Truro. Politically, he is a Liberal and is deeply interested in
party affairs, desirous of doing his full share as a good citizen of a
good country. He is a member of the town council, now serving
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 483
his second term, and is ever alert to the best interests of his home
community. He was appointed justice of the peace of Colchester
in 1913, which office he still holds. He is a broad-minded, compan-
ionable, far-seeing, obliging- young man, progressive and a follower
of high ideals one to whom the future holds much of promise.
FRAXCIS CUTLFR \\TIITMAX.
Charles Kingsley, the noted English author, said that each morn-
ing we should remember to l>e thankful that we have something to
do during the coming day, whether we like it or not. Being forced
to work, and forced to do your best, will breed in you temperance
and self-control, diligence and strength of will, cheerfulness and con-
tentment, and a hundred virtues the idle will never know. Francis
Cutler Whitman, merchant and exporter of Annapolis Royal, is one
of the citizens of Xova Scotia who takes delight in his work and is
therefore happy and prosperous.
Mr. Whitman was lx>rn in Brooklyn. Xew York, January iX,
' * J f
1861, and is a son of Thomas Spurr Whitman and Louisa (Tobias)
Whitman, both natives of Xova Scotia, the father's birth occurring
at Halifax Xovember rj, 1829, and the mother was born at Anna-
polis Royal. These parents grew up in their native Province, where
they were educated and married, and from there went to Xew York,.
where Mr. Whitman became a successful merchant, doing a large
provincial business, but finally failing in health he returned to Xova
Scotia, where he was for many years actively engaged in the export
business, dealing in lumber, apples and fish. He was the inventor of
a drying-process for export fish and established dryers in Xova Sco-
tia, Quebec and Newfoundland, also in the United States. His
methods are still in operation, marking a very important improve-
ment in marketing the fish crop.
Francis C. Whitman was a toy when his parents brought him to-
Xova Scotia from X T e\v York, and here he grew to manhood and
received his education in the public schools, later attended a private 1
school in Scotland. In a business way he has followed in the foot-
steps of his father and has become a widely known merchant and
exporter, doing an extensive business, maintaining his headquarters
and his home at Annapolis Royal, Annapolis County, where he has
long been regarded as a leading citizen. He is secretary and treas-
urer of the Valley Steamship Company, Limited, is president of the
Canadian Forestry Association (1915); he is also president of the
484 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Kengema Kooge Rod and Gun Club. Although a very busy man
he delights in an occasional hunting and fishing trip.
Mr. Whitman was married April 27, 1883, to Florence Mary
Ritchie, a daughter of Mr. Justice J. J. Ritchie and wife, a promin-
ent family of Halifax. To this union four children have been born,
namely : Louisa Gertrude. Constance Marguerite, Charles Norman
and Edith Ritchie.
Politically, Mr. Whitman is a Liberal. He is a member of the
Church of England.
FREDERICK WHEELOCK HARRIS.
One of the widely known and successful professional men of An-
napolis County is Frederick Wheelock Harris, who has practiced law
for the past twenty-two years at Annapolis Royal with some measure
of success and while doing so has gained a reputation for square
dealing and honest business methods which he values highly. He
enjoys an enviable popularity among his professional brethren and
the people he comes in daily contact with.
Mr. Harris was born in the above named town and county, June
4, 1869. He is a son of Augustus and Mary Eliza (Wheelock)
Harris, both natives of Annapolis Royal, Xova Scotia, the father
born in 1846 and the mother in 1848. They each represented pio-
neer families of that locality, and there these parents grew up, were
married and established their home, leading useful and industrious
lives. Our subject is a nephew of Hon. Robert J. Harris, Judge of
the Supreme Court, and of Rev. Y. 1C. Harris, M. A., of Halifax.
Mr. Harris grew to manhood at Annapolis Royal, where he at-
tended the public schools and the Academy. He studied law in the
office of Mills & Gillis, the senior meml)er of the firm being John B.
Mills, King's Counsel and Member of Parliament for a number of
years for the County of Annapolis. Mr. Harris was admitted to the
bar October 24, 1893, an d soon began the practice of hia profession
in his native town in partnership with H. E. Gillis, under the firm
name of Gillis & Harris, which partnership continued for three years,
when they dissolved partnership, since which time our subject has
continued in the practice alone and has enjoyed a large and ever-
growing clientage, being retained in many important cases. He has
remained a student of the law and has kept well abreast of the times
in all that pertains to it in its varied phases. He has been active in
public affairs for many years, and'has been town clerk and secretary
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 485
of the school board since 1898. He is past high priest of the Eureka
Chapter of the Royal Arch Masons, and is Past Master of Annapolis
Royal Lodge, Xo. 33, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, and he
has been secretary of the Annapolis Royal Lodge for the past fifteen
years.
Politically, he is a Liberal-Conservative, and was for a time secre-
tary of the Liberal-Conservative Association for Annapolis County.
He has filled all positions of trust in an able, conscientious and satis-
factory manner. He is a member of the Anglican Church, and has
been vestry clerk for the past twenty years and one of the pillars in
this church during that time.
Mr. Harris was married September 19, 1894, to Katherine F.
Porter, a daughter of Prof. Samuel Porter, organist of St. Paul's
Church, Halifax. To this union the following children have been
born: Kenneth Porter Harris, seventeen years old, enlisted in the
Eighty-fifth Regiment, Highlanders, in 1915, for service in the
European war; Cecil Kitchener Harris is now thirteen years old.
GRAHAM FRASFR.
The advantages to be derived from the rich inheritance of the
past depend entirely upon the ability and the fidelity with which the
study of the lives of the individuals, whose labors go to make the
inheritance we have in mind, have been prosecuted. The life, char-
acter and service of the late Graham F>aser are pre-eminently such
a study, not alone by the student of biography, but also by every
citizen who, wishing to be guided by wise example, desires to build
solidly in the future. The subject of our sketch was not only one
of Nova Scotia's noted captains of industry, but also a worthy
citizen of great influence in the county in which he lived, and par-
ticularly in the town in which he was torn. He was industrious and
temperate a man of vision and therefore wielded potent influence in
financial and industrial circles, as well as in the church, state and
good citizenship.
Graham Eraser was born in New Glasgow. Nova Scotia, on Aug-
ust 12, 1846. He was a son of Thomas Eraser (foreman) and his
wife Isabella Eraser, nee MacKay. Thomas Eraser (foreman) was
also a native of New Glasgow, having been born on a farm on the
west side of the river opposite the site of the Nova Scotia Steel Plant,
for many years the scene of his brilliant son's activity in steel making.
It may be said that Thomas Eraser's father was also a native of
486 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
New Glasgow while his mother was also a Fraser,- being a daughter
of John Fraser, who settled at Springville in Pictou County about the
year 1780. It may be mentioned in passing that Thomas Fraser's
father was a brother of James Fraser, whose son Thomas (known as
"Yankee Tom," because as a merchant he traded in "Yankee" goods),
was engaged in business in New Glasgow which is still carried on
by his son, James Simon. Graham Fraser's mother was born on the
East River, about a mile below where Trenton now stands. Like
her husband, she belonged to one of the pioneer families who settled
in the County of Pictou. To Thomas and Isabella Fraser were born
six children, five sons and one daughter, namely : Hannah, who be-
came the wife of Harvey Graham, who was long associated with his
brothers-in-law in the steel industry; Graham, Simon A., James, (a
resident of the state of Idaho) ; John W., for years superintendent of
the hearth steel department of the company established by his brother
(Graham), and George who died in infancy.
Graham Fraser's boyhood and school days were enjoyed at his
home with his parents and family and in the nearby school house.
At sixteen years of age he left home and went to Providence, Rhode
Island, where he served an apprenticeship in a large iron manufactur-
ing works. In these works he gathered knowledge of the value of
machinery in connection with the forging of iron. Returning to
New Glasgow in 1866, he set up a steam hammer and made knees and
other heavy forgings for the large wooden ships then being built in
the shipyards of the town. He later drew in other men with skill,
brains and capital and from that time on his rise in the manufacture
of iron and steel goods was steady and rapid until he built up the
mammoth plant at Trenton, one of the largest and most important
in the iron and steel industry in Canada.
In 1903 he became embued with a feeling that he had gone far
enough and that, though the spirit was willing, the flesh was weak-
ening, so he retired as general manager of the Nova Scotia Steel
and Coal Company, intending to take a long rest ; but, after a year of
travelling, he, in 1904. accepted the position of general manager of
the Dominion Iron and Steel Company in Sydney, Cape Breton. He
remained with this company for two years, during which time he
planned and introduced in this great plant many improvements; his
talents, experience and forcefulness doing much to increase the com-
pany's efficiency and prestige. One of the most important improve-
ments which he made was probably in the lining of the blast furnaces.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 487
When he took charge of the plant, the smelting of seventy-five thou-
sand tons of pig iron was about the life of the lining; before he
severed his connection with the firm the capacity of the lining of each
of the furnaces increased to three hundred and seventy-five thousand
tons. This was of great value to the concern and when he retired,
in 1906, the plant was "on its feet," and the business in a prosperous
and growing condition.
Notwithstanding that Graham Fraser was a very busy man he
was also, as the best of men are, a great home man. In his lifetime
he built for himself and family several residences. First on Temper-
ance Street, New Glasgow ; second, on the east bank of the Fast
River south of the steel plant at Trenton ; third, at Sydney, Cape
Breton, and fourth on the west side of the river in Xew Glasgow
from which he was called to his final home, and where his wife, who
always lived close to him, now resides. Although during his later
years he had no active connection with the management of the con-
cern of which he laid the foundation in Trenton, or the one he set
on its feet in Sydney, he was keenly interested in both.
Graham Fraser was married in i8(;6 to Charlotte Dicks, of 1'ic-
tou, Nova Scotia, a daughter of William Dicks, a well known citizen
of that town. This woman was a helpmate to her husband in his
every move in his busy life and to their children a mother of the finest
type. Her attainments may be best appreciated when we note the fact
that her husband was ever with her, or she with him. To this union
were born the following children: Ada, wife of Dr. Andrew Love,
Sydney Mines; Isabelle, wife of Dr. George Townsend, New Glas-
gow; Joseph Dix, manager of the Atikokan Iron Works, Port
Arthur; Jean, wife of Dr. John W. MacKay, New Glasgow; Russel
L., in the lumber business, British Columbia, and Thomas Clyde,
who was with the steel business until he died recently at the age of
twenty-six years.
The final call came to Graham Fraser quite unexpectedly to his
family and friends. Generally speaking, he was a very healthy man,
but physically and mentally the machine was ever worked to near the
breaking point. With him the machine gave way at the most impor-
tant point the heart. When things go wrong there the machine
stops. So it was with this great man. Probably if the choice was
with himself he would have preferred that manner of going away.
However, none of us know fully regarding these things a wise
Providence never intended that we should. His death occurred very
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
suddenly and without warning on Christmas morning, 1915, his
passing away coming as a shock to his townspeople by whom he was
highly esteemed and respected by all classes, who regarded him as
New Glasgow's foremost citizen, and one of the founders of her
industrial wealth.
The Halifax Chronicle, of December 25, 1915, in its account of
his death, had the following to say, in part: "In early life Mr. Fraser
was a blacksmith by trade, and conducted a shop in partnership with
G. Forrest McKay. The shop grew and expanded into the Hope
Iron Works, then the Xova Scotia Forge Works, and ultimately the
Xova Scotia Steel & Coal Company. Mr. Fraser was at the head
of all these operations and saw his small shop become a mammoth
works. For a time following his resignation from active work with
the Xova Scotia Steel & Coal Company, as general manager, he be-
came general manager of the Dominion Steel & Iron Company, until
its amalgamation with the coal company, when he retired from active
work to enjoy a well earned rest. He has taken a keen interest in
Xew Glasgow's welfare, and served the town as mayor, and also as
chairman of the Water Commission, that installed the present grav-
ity system. Mr. Fraser was sixty-eight years of age, and his death
will be learned with deep regret by the industrial world. The town
of Xew Glasgow joins with a large family connection in mourning
the death of one of the ablest men the County of Pictou has ever
produced."
The same newspaper also had the following to say editorially :
"In the death of Graham Fraser, Xova Scotia loses a son who
wrought courageously and manfully, and contributed not a little to
the industrial development of his native Province. In his modest
blacksmith shop was born the Mount Hope Iron Works, which was
the parent of the present Xova Scotia Steel and Coal Company.
From such small beginnings, with careful and painstaking manage-
ment, Mr. Fraser developed the present great Corporation with its
own collieries at Sydney Mines and its iron deposits at Wabana. Its
ships ply on every ocean and its products are to be found in every
country. The Nova Scotia Steel and Coal Company is a monument to
Mr. Fraser s patient, painstaking and persistent effort covering half
a century in point of time. It is a monument of which any Nova
Scotian might well be proud. His works will live after him and he
will be remembered in history as one of Xova Scotia's great captains
of industry."
AHKKDEKN HOSPITAL, MOW ULASOOW.
HKiH SCHOOL, NKW (JI.ASCiOW.
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 489
DR. ROBERT ALEXANDER FALCONER.
As a scholar, educator, administrator and Christian gentleman,
Dr. Robert Alexander Falconer, president of Toronto University,
holds a very high rank in the list of Canada's foremost men of the
twentieth century a man of culture and ability a versatile writer
and an orator' of power. Withal he is a plain, unassuming gentleman,
deserving of the high esteem in which he is universally held, both as
an eminent teacher and an untiring promoter of the best interests of
education.
Dr. Falconer was born at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island,
February 10, 1867, and is ;,i son of Rev. Alexander Falconer, D. D.,
and Susan (Douglas) Falconer, the mother having been a daughter
of Rev. Robert Douglas, of Prince Edward Island.
Dr. Falconer was educated at Queen's Royal College at Trinidad.
He was a West Indian Gilchrist scholar, and took the course in Lon-
don University, from which institution he was graduated with the
degree of Bachelor of Arts, with honors in the classics and philosophy
in 1888; also was graduated from Edinburgh University in 1889
with the degree of Master of Arts, with honors in the classics. He
was given the degree of Bachelor of Divinity in 1892, and Doctor
of Letters in 1902. He attended the Universities of Leipzig, Berlin
and Marburg. In 1900 the University of New Brunswick conferred
on him the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws, and in 1905 St.
Francis Xavier College, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, conferred the same
degree on him. Knox College made him a Doctor of Divinity in
1906, and Toronto University made him a Doctor of Laws in 1907.
The same degree was given him in 1908 by McMaster University.
Dalhousie University honored him with the same degree also in. that
year, Manitoba University made him a Doctor of Laws in 1911, and
Glasgow in 1912.
Dr. Falconer was married in 1897 to Sophie Gaudier, a daughter
of Rev. J. Gandier. She is a lady of education and culture. She was
vice-president of Women's Canadian Club, Toronto, in 1908, and
was president of the same from 1909 to 1911.
Dr. Falconer was ordained in 1892. He lectured on the New
Testament Exegesis, Presbyterian College, Halifax, from 1892 to
1895. He continued a teacher in that institution until 1907, in which
year he was made president, which position he held until he became
president of Toronto University. He has discharged the duties of
the important position as head of Canada's greatest educational insti-
490 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
tution in a manner that has reflected much credit upon himself and
won the hearty commendation of all concerned. He has contributed
various theological articles to the Expositor, London, Expository
Times, Edinburgh, and to Canadian and American magazines, and
professional Encyclopedias in Britain and the United States. He is
author of "The Truth of the Apostolic Gospel," published in 1904,
and "The German Tragedy and Its Meaning to Canada," 1915. In
1911 he became a Companion of St. Michael and St. George. He is
a member of the York Club. Toronto Golf Club, and the Canadian
Club, the latter of Halifax.
LEONARD \V. MAXXER.
Farming is the world's biggest business. It furnishes the nations
with food and is the basis of all prosperity and happiness, in a mate-
rial sense, and therefore should receive our closest and most enthusi-
astic consideration, and Ix. 1 safeguarded by our best brains and legisla-
tion. One of the large agriculturists of Hants County is Leonard
\V. Maxner. of Windsor, who takes a delight in his vocation, and,
being at the same time a keen observer and a hard worker, has suc-
ceeded.
Mr. Maxner was born at Windsor, Xova Scotia, April 7, 1840.
He is a son of William and leannetta (Hunter) Maxner. The
father was horn in Windsor, this Province, in 1803, and his death
occurred in 1890, at the age of eighty-seven years. The mother was
born in Scotland, from which country she came to Xova Scotia in
1817. Leonard Maxner, the grandfather, was born in Lunenburg,
Xova Scotia. His father was one of the original stock that settled
in Lunenburg. He married a daughter of John Clarke, Esq. The
grandfather of our subject came to Hants County at an early day
and bought the Emerson farm at Windsor, where his grandson, our
subject, now resides. Leonard Maxner was a successful farmer and
a good citizen. His son, William Maxner, mentioned above, was
reared on this farm where he continued to reside. He was really in
advance of his day and generation in farming ideas and stock raising.
He did much to improve the live stock of his locality and encourage
better methods of farming. Horses were his favorite stock, and he
always kept some good ones. He took an active interest in public
affairs. The Clarke family, mentioned above, was another highly
respected family in their time in Hants County.
Leonard W. Maxner, of this sketch, was one of a family of
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 49!
eight children, six sons and two daughters, of whom three are now
living. He spent his boyhood on the old homestead and received
his education in the public schools. In October, 1880, he married
Margaret Jane Ross, a daughter of James Ross, a native of Scotland,
from which country he came to Nova Scotia when young, and here
established his future home.
Mr. Maxner owns a large farm and a good orchard, all of which
he keeps well improved and his land is in good tilth, the buildings in
good repair and he is regarded as one of the progressive farmers and
useful citizens of his community. Some of the trees in his orchard
were set out by his grandfather over one hundred years ago and they
are still bearing. Mr. Maxner is now past his seventy-fifth year and
although he is still active and well preserved he and his good wife
will soon retire from active life and take the rest they have so well
earned. They have lived in the fear of God and have been conscien-
tious members of the Presbyterian Church. They have always been
held in high esteem by their neighbours and acquaintances.
REV. HARRY YOUNG PAYZANT.
Why any man is made, who knows? Why you are what you are,
why some men are what they are ; the influences and causes which
made them so, and how far the causes and influences were voluntary,
or accidental who shall solve the eternal riddle? Although we are
not able to explain these and many things, we need not let the fact
hinder us from using what knowledge we have in making the most
of this earthly journey. Rev. Harry Young Payzant, a minister of
the Gospel, is making the most of his own life and endeavoring to
induce those with whom he comes in contact to do likewise.
Rev. Mr. Payzant was born in Summerville, Massachusetts,
March 25, 1881. He is a son of George D. and Emma (Trout)
Payzant, natives of Nova Scotia and Boston, respectively. The
father went to the States when a young man. He followed the sea
for some time, later engaged in the flour business in Boston. In 1886
he came to Falmouth, Nova Scotia, where he has since l>een engaged
in farming. He and his wife are members of the Baptist Church.
Harry Y. Payzant was only five years old when his parents came
to Falmouth, and there he grew up on his father's farm where he
worked when a boy, and attended the public schools in the winter
time in his neighborhood. When sixteen years of age he entered
Horton Academy, which is an institution in connection with Acadia
4Q2 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
College, at Wolfville, Nova Scotia. Later he entered Acadia College,
but did not complete the prescribed course. He then took a business
course at the Maritime Business College at Halifax, but did not
follow a business career as he always had the ministry in view. He
was ordained in December, 1909, at Westchester Station, Cumber-
land County, Dr. A. D. Steele, the prominent divine of Amherst,
conducting the examination. He was first located at Greenfield,
Queens County, later had charge of the church at Westchester Sta-
tion, Cumberland County. In January, 1912, he came to Shelburne
as pastor of the Baptist Church there, remaining till April i, 1916.
He has done an excellent work in strengthening the various charges
to which he has been assigned.
Rev. Mr. Payzant was married, June 9, 1910, to Beatrice Free-
man, a daughter of James Parker Freeman and Jennie (Hunt) Free-
man, of Greenfield, Queens County. The father was for many years
a member of the Provincial Council and is active in public matters.
To our subject and wife three daughters have been born, namely:
Miriam, Laura and Patricia.
After spending four years and three months of very pleasant
relations with the churches of the Shelburne field, Mr. Payzant, with
his wife and daughters, moved to their country-seat at Falmouth,
Hants County, to spend a year on work of a more private nature,
preparatory to the taking of another pastoral charge.
WILLIAM HAROP HATTIE, M. D.
Ability, when backed by enterprising measures and progressive
ideas, will accomplish more than any other professional requirements,
an illustration of which may be seen in the career of Dr. William H.
Hattie, our present provincial health officer and one of the lecturers
in the medical department of Dalhousie University.
Dr. Hattie was born at Pictou, Nova Scotia, July 27, 1870, and
he is a son of the late George and Agnes (McKean) Hattie. The
father was a native of Pictou County. By thrift and perseverance
he l>ecame well established in business, and was perhaps best known
as secretary of the Nova Scotia Steel Company, which position he
occupied for a number of years.
Dr. Hattie received his education in the Pictou Academy and
McGill University, Montreal, graduating from the medical depart-
ment of that institution with the degree of Doctor of Medicine and
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 493
Master of Surgery, in 1891. After graduation he became attached
to the medical staff of the Nova Scotia Hospital (for the insane),
of which he became medical superintendent in 1898. He discharged
his duties in this connection in a satisfactory manner until January,
1914, when he gave up his position there upon taking up the work
of his present position, that of provincial health officer and inspector
of the humane and penal institutions of Xova Scotia. He is an ex-
pert on subjects pertaining to insanity, and has lectured on this and
cognate subjects. At this writing he is professor of mental diseases
and lecturer on hygiene at Dalhousie University.
Dr. Hattie was married in 1897 to Eva Merkle Grant, a daughter
of J. Fisher Grant and wife, of Xew Glasgow. Pictou County. In
religious matters the Doctor is a Presbyterian.
WARREX OGILVIE.
Since locating in Truro as a manufacturer, Warren Ogilvie has
shown himself to be an industrious, earnest and public-spirited man,
and in that sense applies himself to business; an honest man in all
relations with his fellows, a simple man in his tastes simplicity
emphasizing every phase of his life.
Mr. Ogilvie was born October 29, 1879, at Elderbank, Xova
Scotia, and is a son of Alfred and Margaret (Stephens) Ogilvie.
The father was born in Halifax County, about the year 1849, and
he was drowned X'ovember 15, 1895. James Ogilvie, the grand-
father, was also a native of Halifax County, but the maternal grand-
father was born in Scotland.
Our subject received his education in the common schools of
Halifax County, and in 1904 he entered business in Truro, organiz-
ing the Eastern Hat and Cap Manufacturing Company, Limited,
which, under his able management rapidly grew with advancing
years until it is today the largest industry of its kind in Canada. He
is vice-president and managing director of the same. In 1913 he
organized the Eastern Shirts, Limited, of which he is president, and
he has also been very successful in this venture. Both concerns ship
their products all over Canada, finding a very ready market. High-
grade work and prompt shipments are watchwords. Both companies
have recently manufactured large orders for both the Imperial and
Canadian governments, their goods giving emirient satisfaction in
every respect, for only the best material is used and only highly
skilled artisans are employed in both plants.
494
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Mr. Ogilvie was married September 8, 1911, to Maude Scott, a
daughter of X. C. Scott, of St. John, Xew Brunswick. To this
union one child has been born Margaret Phylis Ogilvie, whose birth
occurred January 6, 1914.
Politically. Mr. Ogilvie is a Conservative. He belongs to the
Presbyterian Church.
GEORGE SALTER AKIXS.
One of the best remembered and most highly respected citizens
of the vicinity of Falmouth, Hants County, in a past generation was
the late George Salter Akins, who, after a successful career as an
agriculturist, took his journey to that mystic clime, Shakespeare's
"undiscovered bourne from whence no traveler e'er returns," but he
left behind him a heritage of which his descendants may well be
proud an untarnished name. He was the creditable scion of one
of the pioneer families of this section of Xova Scotia.
The earliest ancestor of the family of which there is definite
record was Capt. John Akins, who was lx)rn in 1663, and died June
13, 1746. He married Mary Briggs, a daughter of Thomas Briggs.
The records of the family are to be seen in the old family Bible, a
large, well-lxnmd and well preserved work printed by Robert Barker,
London, 1617, and was in possession of Charles Akins, at Falmouth,
Xova Scotia. Thomas Akins, the son of Capt. John Akins, was born
at Portsmouth. Xew Hampshire, March 29, 1702, and died at Fal-
mouth. this Province, in 1775. He married Abigail Allen, June 10,
1727, and to them six children were torn. He came to Xova Scotia
in 1759 or early in 1760, being one of the original grantees. In the
records of Portsmouth, Rhode Island, appears the name of Mary
Akins, purchaser of two hundred acres of land, dated September 22,
1665. A record shows that her son, David, died there February 10,
1685, at the age of nineteen years. Capt. John Akins was a man of
prominence in his community, holding several town offices and was
a representative to the Legislative Assembly of Massachusetts. His
eldest child, David, was Ixirn Septemljer 19, 1689. He was the
father of sixteen children. Records of this old family may be seen
in the public documents of Nova Scotia, collected in 1869, and in a
number of historical articles in possession of the Xova Scotia His-
torical Society, some of them compiled for the Township of Fal-
mouth, then in Kings County, now in Hants County. He received
farm Lot No. 25, of one hundred acres and fifty-eight acres adjoin-
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 495
ing, also ten acres of dyked marsh, also a town lot in the fourth
division north side of Windmill Creek one hundred acres of wood-
land, Lot letter A, No. 59, and a four hundred acres wood lot, letter
D, No. 28. These lands were confirmed to him by the Supreme
Court in \~J~J2. Most of this land was sold by him during his life
time. The three eldest of his children were born at Xew Bedford,
the three younger at Falmouth. Stephen was torn July 18, 1739;
Mary, April n, 1741 ; and Thomas, May 3, 1743.
Charles Edward Akins was born at Falmouth, March 27, 1833.
He married Elizabeth Armstrong, who was born at Falmouth in
1835. He was a son of John Stephen Akins. torn January 14, 1796,
who married Margaret Wilson. John Akins, his grandfather, was
born at Falmouth, February 19, 1706, and died at the age of ninety-
four years ; he married Rebecca Jones. Stephen Akins, the great
grandfather, came to Xova Scotia with his father, the original immi-
grant Thomas Akins. Charles Kdward Akins is still living, now
advanced in years, and still resides on land included in the original
grant. His children were named as follows: Mary is the wife of
Walter J. Alywaid, of Falmouth; Isabelle is the wife of Harry H.
Payzant, of this Province; Margaret Helena is the wife of Charles
Dill, of Windsor ; John Thomas, who resides on the original farm ;
Susannah is the wife of Archie Curry, of Falmouth; Thomas Ber-
nard lives in Falmuoth and Windsor; Sarah Beamish is the wife of
Godfrey P. Payzant. and they live in Calgary, Manitoba.
Thomas Beamish Akins was born in Falmouth, Hants County, in
1809. He was a cousin of Charles Edward Akins. He took a great
interest in historical matters pertaining to Nova Scotia, and was the
author of "Founding of Halifax," issued in 1847. "Rise and Prog-
ress of the Church of England in British North America," issued in
1849, "A Brief Account of the Origin, Endowment and Progress of
King's College, Windsor," issued in 1865, "Nova Scotia Archives,
from 1741 to 1755." He was a prominent man in his day and
widely known.
George Salter Akins, the immediate subject of this sketch, was
born at Falmouth, Nova Scotia, April 10, 1849, and was a son of
Thomas and Ann (Salter) Akins, the father torn at Falmouth, April
u, 1811, and the latter a native of Newport, this Province. He was
the only son of Stephen Akins. To these parents two daughters
were born Jessie and Julia. Our subject was the only son. He
married Annie Burnham, of Falmouth, a daughter of William and
496 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Hannah (Lawrence) Burnham, the father a native of Falmouth and
the mother of Upper Falmouth. She was a daughter of John Law-
rence, a sketch of whose family appears on another page of this
work. Jacob Burnham, the grandfather, was one of the early set-
tlers of the Falmouth district.
Thomas Akins was a magistrate for the County of Hants and
was also town clerk of Falmouth.
George Salter Akins passed his life on the original Akins home-
stead, where his widow and family still reside. He was a man of
industry and kept the place well improved and under excellent cul-
tivation. He took an active part in public affairs and was elected
three times a member of the County Council for West Hants County.
Politically, he was a Conservative.
On August 12, 1885. he was united in marriage to Annie Burn-
ham, a daughter of William and Hannah ( Lawrence) Burnham. To
this union the following children were born: Stafford Thomas is
now on the homestead; Winifred Georgia is at home; Florence
Fvelyn is also with her mother; William Alexander is a sergeant in
the Twenty-fifth Battalion, Second Canadian Contingent, serving in
the European war; and Clarence Roberts is station agent at Scotch
Village.
The death of George Salter Akins occurred on March 4, 1914.
JUDSOX D. SHAW.
A properly managed farmers' organization can be used to secure
the farmers the benefits that "big business" secures from doing things
on a big scale. Many have the idea that nothing can be done in this
line unless there is a powerful organization, but this has been proven
to be a mistake the successful co-operative enterprises have come
from small beginnings. One of the progressive farmers of Hants
County is Judson D. Shaw, of Windsor Forks, who is always ready
to adopt the advanced methods of farming.
Mr. Shaw was born at Falmouth, Nova Scotia, November 30,
1859. He is a son of David and Teressa (Harris) Shaw; the father
died at Falmouth, October 18, 1886; the mother was born at Corn-
wallis, Kings County. David Shaw, the grandfather, was a native of
Falmouth, where his son David was also born. The great grand-
father, Peter Shaw, married Sarah Davison. and grandfather Shaw
married Abigail Bacon, of Falmouth. They were all farmers and
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 497
among the first settlers in that locality, where the family has long
been well known.
Judson D. Shaw grew up on the home farm, and he received his
education in the public schools at Falmouth. He remained on the
original homestead for some years. In 1900 he bought the Palmer
property at Windsor Forks. His place extends two and one-half
miles southeast from the river. A portion of his large farm is in
timber, and he has an orchard of thirty-three acres, much of which
he set out himself, having a variety of good apples. He has eighty
acres of dyke marsh. He has one of the choice farms in his county.
and on it is to be seen a comfortable home and numerous outbuildings.
He has made many valuable improvements since taking charge of the
place. (His father began developing a farm from the wilderness,
built a log house, and by grit and persistency succeeded in making one
of the finest farms in the Falmouth district, the place now being
owned by J. H. Pullen.) Our subject also follows stock raising.
He, like his father, has had the assistance of a valuable helpmeet,
who is entitled to a full share of the credit for their success.
Our subject had the following brothers : James Edward, who
followed the sea, was a captain for many years, and when about fifty
years old was lost at sea, his vessel never being heard of; Charles
William, also a sea captain, died of yellow fever at Biloxi, Missis-
sippi ; George, also a sea captain, died in the West Indies ; Harris
Harding, also a sea captain, was also lost at sea, no word ever com-
ing regarding his fate. The four brothers were men of ability and
splendid character; they sailed mostly for the Eaton Line, of Corn-
wallis. Henry Allen Shaw, who was lost at sea while sailing as
second mate, was a young man.
Judson D. Shaw was married March 15, 1884, to Sophia Hunt-
ington Davison, of Falmouth, Nova Scotia, a daughter of Nathaniel
E. and Irene E. (Daniels) Davison, the father a native of Falmouth.
A history of the Daniels family is found in another part of this
work. Mrs. Shaw's paternal grandparents were Stephen and Eliza-
beth (Wolfe) Davison, he also a native of Falmouth, where
Nathaniel Davison, the great grandfather, was also born. John
Davison, the great-great grandfather, was the emigrant of the family,
who was one of the first settlers of Nova Scotia. The family has
been prominent at Falmouth for many generations.
To our subject and wife the following children have been born:
(32)
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Judson Freeman Shaw was educated in the public schools, gradu-
ating from the Windsor high school, and is at home with his parents;
Harris Monson passed through the public schools, then took the full
agricultural course at Truro, and he is assisting his father on the
farm; Irene Teressa is the wife of Ernest Foster of Bridgetown;
Sophia Louise Huntington is attending the Acadia Seminary at
Wolfville; .Myrtle Florence is a student in the public schools. Harris
Monson, the second son, married Florence Foster of Bridgetown.
Air. Shaw is now assisted in his large farming and stock raising
industries" by his able and enterprising sons, and they are all making
a great success. They seem to have inherited many of the commend-
able characteristics of their progenitors.
Politically. Mr. Shaw and his sons are Liberals, and he and his
wife and family are active meml)ers of the Baptist Church.
KD\VARD CECIL WHITMAN.
One of the business men of Guysborough County, who is de-
serving of specific mention within these pages is Edward Cecil Whit-
man, a merchant of Canso. Although a quiet and unassuming man
with no ambition for public position or leadership, he contributes
to the general welfare of his home community, while the upright
course of his daily life has given him a reputation for correct con-
duct. He was born in the above named town and county, December
1 6, 1861. of old United Empire Loyalist stock. He is a son of Abrain
and Lavina ( Hart ) Whitman, one of the highly respected old famil-
ies of the locality of Canso.
Mr. Whitman was educated in his home town, where he grew
to manhood, and after passing through the public schools there he
went to Massachusetts and entered Phillips Academy at Andover,
where he remained some time. Returning to Nova Scotia he entered
Acadia University, but did not graduate. In April, 1899, he was
united in marriage with Alice Gertrude Carey, a daughter of the late
G. M. W. Carey, D. D., a prominent divine of Ottawa.
Mr. Whitman has been prominent in developing the fisheries of
the Atlantic coast. He succeeded his father in 1888 in the manage-
ment of the business established by his grandfather at Canso in 1812.
He is a director of the Canso Cold Storage Company, the Whitman
Fish Company and the Halifax and Canso Steamship Company. He
is president of the Board of Trade, and a governor of Acadia Uni-
versity. He was elected mayor of Canso in 1901, and was re-elected
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 499
by acclamation each succeeding year. He has done much for the
general development of his home town, whose interests he has ever
had at heart. He has performed well all the duties that have been
reposed in him. Politically, he is a Liberal, and in religious affairs
is a member of the Baptist Church.
WILLIAM HEXRY LAXGILLE.
It is said that creeds, decay, and that venerable institutions pine,
but the true church of God, which is larger than all sects together,
grows with the process of the sun. One of the earnest, humble
workers in the Master's vineyard in Xova Scotia is Rev. William
Henry Langille, a "well-known minister of the Methodist denomina-
tion, who is now a resident of Annapolis Royal.
Rev. Mr. Langille was born at River John, Pictou County, this
Province, March 10, 1854. He is a son of Rev. Oliver and Mary
Jane (Henry) Langille, both also natives of River John. The birth
of the father occurred August 3, 1826, and the mother was born
July 31, 1836. The father, who passed away a number of years
ago, was a very efficient and successful local preacher, who exer-
cised his gifts on the wide held known as the River John circuit. He
was descended from the Huguenots. The Henry family came from
Scotland. The late Oliver Langille was a Liberal in politics, and he
took a very active interest in even- public movement that was con-
ducive to the common good.
William H. Langille grew to manhood in his native locality and
he received his early education in the public schools, later studied at
Mount Allison University, Sackville, Xew Brunswick. When but a
boy he decided to follow in the footsteps of bis father and entered
the ministry of the gospel, in which he has remained to the present
time and is one of the popular preachers of the Methodist church in
this Province, having long been a member of the Xova Scotia Con-
ference of this denomination. He was received on probation in
1878, and was received into full connection and ordained at Windsor
in 1882. He was assistant secretary of the Xova Scotia Conference
from 1886 to 1889, inclusive. For six years he was secretary of the
conference, from 1897 to 1902, and in 1903 he was elevated to the
presidency of the conference. He discharged the duties of all these
positions in a conscientious, faithful and able manner. He has occu-
pied the following churches since his ordination : Aylesford, Kent-
ville, Lockeport, Lunenburg, Yarmouth Xorth, Oxford, Horton,
5OO HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Halifax, Brunswick Street; Bridgetown, Windsor, Glace Bay and
Annapolis Royal. During these years he has been financial secretary
of the district, chairman of the district, and was delegate to the
general conference in 1889, 1902 and 1914. At present he holds the
following official jxisitions : chairman of the Annapolis district, sec-
retary of the general committee of the Supernumerary Fund, secre-
tary-treasurer of the Sustentation Fund of the conference, and secre-
tary-treasurer of the Children's Fund.
Fraternally, he is a member of the Independent Order of Fores-
ters, being a charter member of this order in Xova Scotia. Politically,
he is a Conservative, however he has never been a biased partisan,
but his sympathies have been with the Conservative party for a num-
ber of years.
Our subject was married on February 22, 1883, to Mary Nelson
Johnson. ;i daughter of Thomas and Sarah (O'Brien) Johnson, of
Onslow. Colchester County. To this union one child has been born
Carman La Mert Langille, whose birth occurred on June 13, 1892; '
he is at this writing ( 1916) a non-commissioned officer in the Eighty-
fifth Battalion. C. E. P., Nova Scotia Highlanders.
WILLIAM CHISHOLM.
The name of William Chisholm is entitled to a high position in
the list of Nova Scotia's successful barristers and efficient legislators,
for he possesses the personal characteristics that should always enter
the make-up of the man who essays a legal career. In addressing
the jury or the court lie is natural in his native conceptions of the law
forcible in his scrutinizing of it direct and lucid in his pre-
sentations. He is one of the representative citizens of Antigonish.
Mr. Chisholm was born at Heatherton, Antigonish County, this
Province, December 8, 1870. He is of Scottish origin, and is a son
of John and Isabella Chisholm, an old and highly honored family of
Antigonish. He grew to manhood in his native vicinity, and re-
ceived his education in the public schools and St. Francis Xavier
College and University at Antigonish, from which institution he was
graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, after which he taught
school for a few years, then studied law and was admitted to the
bar in 1895. He established himself in the practice at Antigonish,
where he has remained to the present time and has enjoyed a good
practice, having long been recognized as one of the leaders of the
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 50!
local bar. Earlier in his career he was a partner with Hon. C. F.
Maclsaac, in whose office he studied law.
Taking an interest in public affairs, Mr. Chisholm became a
school commissioner, which position he retaned for a number of
years. He became town councillor in 1905, and since that year he
has sat in the House of Commons, in the interest of the Liberal
party, for Antigonish. As a public servant he has performed his
duties in an able and commendable manner. He is a member of the
Antigonish Club, the Xeptune Club of his home city, and the Lau-
rentian Club of Ottawa.
CHARLES CURTIS McKAY.
One of Yarmouth's rising young men is Charles Curtis McKay.
By his observances of fundamental rules of the true public official,
based upon honesty, rectitude, and fidelity to trusts and confidences
reposed in himself he has won a fair measure of professional success
and fixed his star in the ascendant.
Mr. McKay was born at Plymouth, Yarmouth County, Nova
Scotia, November 23, 1885, and is a son of David and Lucy (Sims)
McKay. The father was born at Jordan River, Shelburne County,
May 14, 1841, and the mother was born at Plymouth, Yarmouth
County, December 8, 1844. They are still living, and are the parents
of seven children, two sons and five daughters, of which number the
subject of this sketch is the youngest. David McKay, Sr., the pater-
nal grandfather of our subject, was born in Thurso, Caithness County,
Scotland, May 24, 1793. He came to Nova Scotia in early life and
established his home in Shelburne County, where his death occurred
December 7, 1877. On January n, 1821, he married Janet Mc-
Pherson, who was born in Shelburne County. April 6, 1 799. and
there her death occurred April 20, 1883. To David McKay, Sr., and
wife eleven children were born, only four of whom are now living,
namely: Mrs. John Richardson, of Port I'Herbert, Nova Scotia;
Mrs. Margaret Bruce, of Shelburne; David, Jr., mentioned above;'
and Donald, who lives in Roxbury, Massachusetts. The mother of
these children was a sister of John McPherson, who was father of
the late Hon. David McPherson, of Halifax, and Ebenezer McPher-
son, who was for years connected with shipping and other business
interests in Massachusetts. Robert Sims, the father of Mrs. Lucy
McKay, and grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was for many
years one of the prominent ship builders of this country, conducting;
5O2 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
a ship-yard at Plymouth on the Tusket River. Many of the large
ships of his day, owned by Yarmouth people, were built by him, in-
cluding the William H. Moody. He continued building ships until
as late as 1865. His father was one of the first settlers of this part
of the county, having hewed out a home from the wilderness. He
came from New England; in fact, he was a deserter from a priva-
teer, as were many of Nova Scotia's early settlers. His real name
was Jackson, but he took the name of Sims, which was his mother's
maiden name.
C. Curtis McKay received his education in the public schools of
Plymouth and Yarmouth, and Yarmouth Academy, later studying at
Dalhousie University, Halifax, where he was graduated from the
law department in 1911, with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. He
was admitted to the bar of Xova Scotia, March 8, 1911, and in
November of that year began the practice of his profession at Yar-
mouth, where he has since remained, having built up a large prac-
tice. He was appointed a justice of the peace in November, 1907,
and commissioner of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia in 1910.
He was appointed stipendiary magistrate in and for the Municipal-
ity of Yarmouth in October, 1911. which position he resigned in
1912. He was appointed an additional stipendiary magistrate in and
for the town of Yarmouth in October, 1911. He was appointed a
notary public in 1912, and registrar of Probate for the County of
Yarmouth in 1913. In all positions of public trust he has discharged
his duties in a painstaking and creditable manner, winning the confi-
dence of the people. He is a writer of fair ability and has been
correspondent for the Halifax Chronicle since 1910, and also for the
St. John Telegraph since 1912.
Mr. McKay was married September 17, 1913, to Lena May Chip-
man, a daughter of Lewis and Margaret L. (Haley) Chipman, one
of the leading families of Yarmouth, where Mrs. McKay grew up
and was educated. Mr. Chipman is a barrister and a King's Coun-
selor, being considered the leader of the bar in western Nova Scotia.
To Mr. and Mrs. McKay two children have been born, Margaret
Chipman McKay and Mary Elizabeth McKay.
Politically. Mr. McKay is a Liberal. He is a member of the
Methodist church, in which he is active, being a member of the
Quarterly Official Board and Church Treasurer. For nearly eleven
years he has been a member of the St. Georee Engine Company, the
oldest volunteer fire company in Yarmouth, and he has one year
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 503
more to serve before retiring. He was one of the organizers of the
Yarmouth Booster Club, and the first secretary of that organization.
Fraternally, he belongs to the Loyal Orange Association; is W. C.
of the Royal Scarlet Chapter, L. O. A. of Yarmouth. He is a past
master of the Orange Association.
GEORGE WELLINGTON BROWN, M. D.
Amidst the splendors of twentieth century achievements one fac-
tor looms among the most conspicuous the art of healing. Great
progress has been made in the various departments of medical science
during the past few decades, and one of the general physicians of
Shelburne County who has tried to keep up with the trend of modern
events in his calling is Dr. George Wellington Brown, of Clark's
Harbour.
Dr. Brown was born in Maitland, Hants County, Xova Scotia,
July 4, 1864. He is a son of George Wellington Brown, Sr., whose
birth occurred in the city of Halifax; and his mother, Charlotte
Fisher, was a native of Maitland, Hants County. The father became
a prominent ship builder in the early days. Among the notable
ships he built was the Forest Chief, which was the fastest sailing
ship that ever crossed the Atlantic Ocean. Both parents of our sub-
ject are now deceased.
Dr. Brown received his education in the public schools, then
entered the medical department of the University of New York,
from which institution he was graduated in 1893. However, prior
to taking up his medical studies he worked at ship building. After
a year's hospital experience in Boston, Massachusetts, he returned to
Nova Scotia, locating at Clark's Harbour, Shelburne County, in
1894 and here he has been engaged in the successful practice of his
profession ever since, and has enjoyed a large practice all the while,
which extends over a wide section of country.
Dr. Brown was married on November 29, 1894, to Augusta S.
Bruce, a daughter of Captain Israel K. and Sophia (Cox) Bruce, of
Shelburne, in which town the father was born, also Mrs. Brown.
Both the Bruce and Cox families were Loyalists. The former from
New York and the latter from Plymouth.
To our subject and wife the following children have been born:
Jennie M., Alfred D., Mary G., George W.. C. Bruce, Evelyn A.,
Edward D., C. Elizabeth, William B. and Lawrence E. ; the last
named who was the fourth child in order of birth, is deceased.
504 HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA.
Politically, Dr. Brown is a Liberal. He is a member of the
school board of trustees. He is also health officer and coroner of
Shelburne County, and he has often been urged to accept the nomi-
nation for Provincial Parliament, but always declined. He belongs to
the Shelburne County Medical Society in which he has long been
active; also belongs to the Provincial Medical Society. Religiously,
he is a Presbyterian. Fraternally, he belongs to the Masonic Order,
the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and the Manchester Unity.
ALBERT GAYTON.
In the study of every man's life we find some main-spring of
action, something that he lives for, and in Albert Gayton, of Yar-
mouth, it seems to have been an ambition to make the best use of his
native and acquired powers and develop in himself a true manhood.
For many years he was engaged in teaching, then for some two
decades engaged in mercantile pursuits, and for the past quarter of a
century he has been incumbent of the office of registrar of deeds.
Mr. Gayton was born at Lower Argyle, Yarmouth County, De-
cember 30, 1840, and is a son of James and Mariam (Hamilton)
Gayton. The father was born January 9, 1820, and the mother Octo-
ber i, 1 8j i, both in the same locality in which our subject first saw
the light of clay, the Gaytons having been among the early settlers
there. Thomas Gayton, grandfather of the gentleman whose name
initiates this sketch, was a native of Tipperary, Ireland, from which
country he came to Argyle, Xova Scotia, by way of Newfoundland
when a young man. He married Ann Spinney and established the
home of the family at Arygle. and spent the residue of his clays
there, dying in 1858. During the War of 1812 he was in the naval
dock yard service at Halifax and was one of a boat's crew that
boarded the Shannon and Chesapeake when these war ships came
into that port, January 6, 1813, after the battle. The family name
of Gayton (early DeGayton) is traceable from Normandy to Eng-
land in the time of William the Conqueror, and in after years in
English records. Either from Normandy, but more likely from Eng-
land, members of this old family removed to Ireland. Thomas Gay-
ton claimed to be of Norman-Irish extraction. In religious faith he
was a Roman Catholic. All other ancestors were of families from
the New England Colonies, coming to Nova Scotia after the deporta-
tion of the French Acadians. These family names were Spinney,
Hamilton, Roberts, Frost and Morton or Moulton. These people
HISTORY OF NOVA SCOTIA. 505
were plain, hard-working, honest, unassuming
